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56f72a10711bf01900a44a18 | Classical_music | While adequate temperament became gradually accepted as the dominant musical temperament during the 18th century, different historical temperaments are often used for music from earlier periods. For instance, music of the English Renaissance is often performed in meantone temperament. | What temperament is the English Renaissance performed in? | {
"text": [
"meantone temperament"
],
"answer_start": [
261
]
} |
56f72ad83d8e2e1400e373c6 | Classical_music | Performers who have studied classic music extensively are said to be "classically trained". This training may be from private lessons from instrument or voice teachers or from completion of a formal program offered by a Conservatory, college or university, such as a B.mus. or M.mus. degree (which includes individual lessons from professors). In classic music, "...extensive formal music education and training, often to postgraduate [Master's degree] level" is required. | What have classical trained performers done extensively? | {
"text": [
"studied classical music"
],
"answer_start": [
20
]
} |
56f72ad83d8e2e1400e373c7 | Classical_music | Performers who have studied classic music extensively are said to be "classically trained". This training may be from private lessons from instrument or voice teachers or from completion of a formal program offered by a Conservatory, college or university, such as a B.mus. or M.mus. degree (which includes individual lessons from professors). In classic music, "...extensive formal music education and training, often to postgraduate [Master's degree] level" is required. | What does a B.mus. or M.mus. degree include? | {
"text": [
"individual lessons from professors"
],
"answer_start": [
309
]
} |
56f72ad83d8e2e1400e373c8 | Classical_music | Performers who have studied classic music extensively are said to be "classically trained". This training may be from private lessons from instrument or voice teachers or from completion of a formal program offered by a Conservatory, college or university, such as a B.mus. or M.mus. degree (which includes individual lessons from professors). In classic music, "...extensive formal music education and training, often to postgraduate [Master's degree] level" is required. | To what level is training for classical music often required? | {
"text": [
"postgraduate"
],
"answer_start": [
426
]
} |
56f72b71711bf01900a44a26 | Classical_music | Performance of classic music repertoire requires a proficiency in sight-reading and ensemble playing, harmonic principles, strong ear training (to correct and adjust pitches by ear), knowledge of performance practice (e.g., Baroque ornamentation), and a familiarity with the style/musical idiom expected for a given composer or musical work (e.g., a Brahms symphony or a Mozart concerto). | Performance of classical music requires proficiency in what type of reading? | {
"text": [
"sight-reading"
],
"answer_start": [
68
]
} |
56f72b71711bf01900a44a27 | Classical_music | Performance of classic music repertoire requires a proficiency in sight-reading and ensemble playing, harmonic principles, strong ear training (to correct and adjust pitches by ear), knowledge of performance practice (e.g., Baroque ornamentation), and a familiarity with the style/musical idiom expected for a given composer or musical work (e.g., a Brahms symphony or a Mozart concerto). | Performance of classical music requires proficiency in what type of principles? | {
"text": [
"harmonic"
],
"answer_start": [
104
]
} |
56f72b71711bf01900a44a28 | Classical_music | Performance of classic music repertoire requires a proficiency in sight-reading and ensemble playing, harmonic principles, strong ear training (to correct and adjust pitches by ear), knowledge of performance practice (e.g., Baroque ornamentation), and a familiarity with the style/musical idiom expected for a given composer or musical work (e.g., a Brahms symphony or a Mozart concerto). | Familiarty with the style expected for any given composer is required for what kind of performance? | {
"text": [
"classical music"
],
"answer_start": [
15
]
} |
56f72c443d8e2e1400e373cc | Classical_music | Some "popular" genre musicians have had important classical training, such as Billy Joel, Elton John, the Van Halen brothers, Randy Rhoads and Ritchie Blackmore. Moreover, formal training is not unique to the classical genre. Many rock and pop musicians have completed degrees in commercial music programs such as those offered by the Berklee College of Music and many jazz musicians have completed degrees in music from universities with jazz programs, such as the Manhattan School of Music and McGill University. | What brothers have had significant classical training? | {
"text": [
"Van Halen brothers"
],
"answer_start": [
108
]
} |
56f72c443d8e2e1400e373cd | Classical_music | Some "popular" genre musicians have had important classical training, such as Billy Joel, Elton John, the Van Halen brothers, Randy Rhoads and Ritchie Blackmore. Moreover, formal training is not unique to the classical genre. Many rock and pop musicians have completed degrees in commercial music programs such as those offered by the Berklee College of Music and many jazz musicians have completed degrees in music from universities with jazz programs, such as the Manhattan School of Music and McGill University. | Billy Joel and Elton John have both had what type of training? | {
"text": [
"classical"
],
"answer_start": [
52
]
} |
56f72c443d8e2e1400e373ce | Classical_music | Some "popular" genre musicians have had important classical training, such as Billy Joel, Elton John, the Van Halen brothers, Randy Rhoads and Ritchie Blackmore. Moreover, formal training is not unique to the classical genre. Many rock and pop musicians have completed degrees in commercial music programs such as those offered by the Berklee College of Music and many jazz musicians have completed degrees in music from universities with jazz programs, such as the Manhattan School of Music and McGill University. | Rock and pop musicians may have degrees in what type of music? | {
"text": [
"commercial"
],
"answer_start": [
282
]
} |
56f72db03d8e2e1400e373dc | Classical_music | Historically, major professional orchestras have been mostly or entirely composed of male musicians. Some of the earliest cases of women being hired in professional orchestras was in the position of harpist. The Vienna Philharmonic, for example, did not take women to permanent membership until 1997, far later than the other orchestras ranked among the world's top five by Gramophone in 2008. The last major orchestra to appoint a woman to a permanent position was the Berlin Philharmonic. As late as February 1996, the Vienna Philharmonic's principal flute, Dieter Flury, told Westdeutscher Rundfunk that accepting women would be "gambling with the emotional unity (emotionelle Geschlossenheit) that this organism currently has". In April 1996, the orchestra's press secretary wrote that "compensating for the expected leaves of absence" of maternity leave would be a problem. | What gender of musician has historically made up a large amount of professional orchestras? | {
"text": [
"male"
],
"answer_start": [
85
]
} |
56f72db03d8e2e1400e373dd | Classical_music | Historically, major professional orchestras have been mostly or entirely composed of male musicians. Some of the earliest cases of women being hired in professional orchestras was in the position of harpist. The Vienna Philharmonic, for example, did not take women to permanent membership until 1997, far later than the other orchestras ranked among the world's top five by Gramophone in 2008. The last major orchestra to appoint a woman to a permanent position was the Berlin Philharmonic. As late as February 1996, the Vienna Philharmonic's principal flute, Dieter Flury, told Westdeutscher Rundfunk that accepting women would be "gambling with the emotional unity (emotionelle Geschlossenheit) that this organism currently has". In April 1996, the orchestra's press secretary wrote that "compensating for the expected leaves of absence" of maternity leave would be a problem. | Women were first hired in professional orchestras for what position? | {
"text": [
"harpist"
],
"answer_start": [
199
]
} |
56f72db03d8e2e1400e373de | Classical_music | Historically, major professional orchestras have been mostly or entirely composed of male musicians. Some of the earliest cases of women being hired in professional orchestras was in the position of harpist. The Vienna Philharmonic, for example, did not take women to permanent membership until 1997, far later than the other orchestras ranked among the world's top five by Gramophone in 2008. The last major orchestra to appoint a woman to a permanent position was the Berlin Philharmonic. As late as February 1996, the Vienna Philharmonic's principal flute, Dieter Flury, told Westdeutscher Rundfunk that accepting women would be "gambling with the emotional unity (emotionelle Geschlossenheit) that this organism currently has". In April 1996, the orchestra's press secretary wrote that "compensating for the expected leaves of absence" of maternity leave would be a problem. | What year did the Vienna Philharmonic first accept women? | {
"text": [
"1997"
],
"answer_start": [
297
]
} |
56f72db03d8e2e1400e373df | Classical_music | Historically, major professional orchestras have been mostly or entirely composed of male musicians. Some of the earliest cases of women being hired in professional orchestras was in the position of harpist. The Vienna Philharmonic, for example, did not take women to permanent membership until 1997, far later than the other orchestras ranked among the world's top five by Gramophone in 2008. The last major orchestra to appoint a woman to a permanent position was the Berlin Philharmonic. As late as February 1996, the Vienna Philharmonic's principal flute, Dieter Flury, told Westdeutscher Rundfunk that accepting women would be "gambling with the emotional unity (emotionelle Geschlossenheit) that this organism currently has". In April 1996, the orchestra's press secretary wrote that "compensating for the expected leaves of absence" of maternity leave would be a problem. | Which major orchestra was the last to appoint a woman to a permanent position? | {
"text": [
"the Berlin Philharmonic"
],
"answer_start": [
468
]
} |
56f72db03d8e2e1400e373e0 | Classical_music | Historically, major professional orchestras have been mostly or entirely composed of male musicians. Some of the earliest cases of women being hired in professional orchestras was in the position of harpist. The Vienna Philharmonic, for example, did not take women to permanent membership until 1997, far later than the other orchestras ranked among the world's top five by Gramophone in 2008. The last major orchestra to appoint a woman to a permanent position was the Berlin Philharmonic. As late as February 1996, the Vienna Philharmonic's principal flute, Dieter Flury, told Westdeutscher Rundfunk that accepting women would be "gambling with the emotional unity (emotionelle Geschlossenheit) that this organism currently has". In April 1996, the orchestra's press secretary wrote that "compensating for the expected leaves of absence" of maternity leave would be a problem. | Who was the principal flute for the Vienna Philharmonic in 1996? | {
"text": [
"Dieter Flury"
],
"answer_start": [
562
]
} |
56f72e823d8e2e1400e373f0 | Classical_music | In 1997, the Vienna Philharmonic was "facing protests during a [US] tour" by the National Organization for Women and the International Alliance for Women in Music. Finally, "after being held up to increasing ridicule even in socially conservative Austria, members of the orchestra gathered [on 28 February 1997] in an extraordinary meeting on the eve of their departure and agreed to acknowledge a woman, Anna Lelkes, as harpist." As of 2013, the orchestra has six female members; one of them, violinist Albena Danailova became one of the orchestra's concertmasters in 2008, the first woman to hold that position. In 2012, women still made up just 6% of the orchestra's membership. VPO president Clemens Hellsberg said the VPO now uses completely screened blind auditions. | In what year did the Vienna Philharmonic face protests in the US? | {
"text": [
"1997"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
56f72e823d8e2e1400e373f1 | Classical_music | In 1997, the Vienna Philharmonic was "facing protests during a [US] tour" by the National Organization for Women and the International Alliance for Women in Music. Finally, "after being held up to increasing ridicule even in socially conservative Austria, members of the orchestra gathered [on 28 February 1997] in an extraordinary meeting on the eve of their departure and agreed to acknowledge a woman, Anna Lelkes, as harpist." As of 2013, the orchestra has six female members; one of them, violinist Albena Danailova became one of the orchestra's concertmasters in 2008, the first woman to hold that position. In 2012, women still made up just 6% of the orchestra's membership. VPO president Clemens Hellsberg said the VPO now uses completely screened blind auditions. | Who was the first woman admitted to the Vienna Philharmonic? | {
"text": [
"Anna Lelkes"
],
"answer_start": [
399
]
} |
56f72e823d8e2e1400e373f2 | Classical_music | In 1997, the Vienna Philharmonic was "facing protests during a [US] tour" by the National Organization for Women and the International Alliance for Women in Music. Finally, "after being held up to increasing ridicule even in socially conservative Austria, members of the orchestra gathered [on 28 February 1997] in an extraordinary meeting on the eve of their departure and agreed to acknowledge a woman, Anna Lelkes, as harpist." As of 2013, the orchestra has six female members; one of them, violinist Albena Danailova became one of the orchestra's concertmasters in 2008, the first woman to hold that position. In 2012, women still made up just 6% of the orchestra's membership. VPO president Clemens Hellsberg said the VPO now uses completely screened blind auditions. | What instrument did Anna Lelkes play? | {
"text": [
"harp"
],
"answer_start": [
415
]
} |
56f72e823d8e2e1400e373f3 | Classical_music | In 1997, the Vienna Philharmonic was "facing protests during a [US] tour" by the National Organization for Women and the International Alliance for Women in Music. Finally, "after being held up to increasing ridicule even in socially conservative Austria, members of the orchestra gathered [on 28 February 1997] in an extraordinary meeting on the eve of their departure and agreed to acknowledge a woman, Anna Lelkes, as harpist." As of 2013, the orchestra has six female members; one of them, violinist Albena Danailova became one of the orchestra's concertmasters in 2008, the first woman to hold that position. In 2012, women still made up just 6% of the orchestra's membership. VPO president Clemens Hellsberg said the VPO now uses completely screened blind auditions. | How many female members were part of the Vienna Philharmonic in 2013? | {
"text": [
"six"
],
"answer_start": [
455
]
} |
56f72e823d8e2e1400e373f4 | Classical_music | In 1997, the Vienna Philharmonic was "facing protests during a [US] tour" by the National Organization for Women and the International Alliance for Women in Music. Finally, "after being held up to increasing ridicule even in socially conservative Austria, members of the orchestra gathered [on 28 February 1997] in an extraordinary meeting on the eve of their departure and agreed to acknowledge a woman, Anna Lelkes, as harpist." As of 2013, the orchestra has six female members; one of them, violinist Albena Danailova became one of the orchestra's concertmasters in 2008, the first woman to hold that position. In 2012, women still made up just 6% of the orchestra's membership. VPO president Clemens Hellsberg said the VPO now uses completely screened blind auditions. | Who was the Vienna Philharmonic's first female concertmaster? | {
"text": [
"Albena Danailova"
],
"answer_start": [
498
]
} |
56f72f4f711bf01900a44a40 | Classical_music | In 2013, an article in Mother Jones stated that while "[m]any prestigious orchestras have important female membership—women outnumber men in the New York Philharmonic's violin section—and several renowned ensembles, including the National Symphony Orchestra, the Detroit Symphony, and the Minnesota Symphony, are led by women violinists", the double bass, brass, and percussion sections of major orchestras "...are still predominantly male." A 2014 BBC article stated that the "...introduction of 'blind' auditions, where a prospective instrumentalist performs behind a screen so that the judging panel can exercise no gender or racial prejudice, has seen the gender balance of traditionally male-dominated symphony orchestras gradually shift." | The National Symphony Orchestra is led by what gender of violinist? | {
"text": [
"female"
],
"answer_start": [
102
]
} |
56f72f4f711bf01900a44a41 | Classical_music | In 2013, an article in Mother Jones stated that while "[m]any prestigious orchestras have important female membership—women outnumber men in the New York Philharmonic's violin section—and several renowned ensembles, including the National Symphony Orchestra, the Detroit Symphony, and the Minnesota Symphony, are led by women violinists", the double bass, brass, and percussion sections of major orchestras "...are still predominantly male." A 2014 BBC article stated that the "...introduction of 'blind' auditions, where a prospective instrumentalist performs behind a screen so that the judging panel can exercise no gender or racial prejudice, has seen the gender balance of traditionally male-dominated symphony orchestras gradually shift." | The double bass, brass and percussion sections are predominately what gender? | {
"text": [
"male"
],
"answer_start": [
437
]
} |
56f72f4f711bf01900a44a42 | Classical_music | In 2013, an article in Mother Jones stated that while "[m]any prestigious orchestras have important female membership—women outnumber men in the New York Philharmonic's violin section—and several renowned ensembles, including the National Symphony Orchestra, the Detroit Symphony, and the Minnesota Symphony, are led by women violinists", the double bass, brass, and percussion sections of major orchestras "...are still predominantly male." A 2014 BBC article stated that the "...introduction of 'blind' auditions, where a prospective instrumentalist performs behind a screen so that the judging panel can exercise no gender or racial prejudice, has seen the gender balance of traditionally male-dominated symphony orchestras gradually shift." | What type of audition are expected to eliminator gender or racial prejudice? | {
"text": [
"'blind' auditions"
],
"answer_start": [
499
]
} |
56f72f4f711bf01900a44a43 | Classical_music | In 2013, an article in Mother Jones stated that while "[m]any prestigious orchestras have important female membership—women outnumber men in the New York Philharmonic's violin section—and several renowned ensembles, including the National Symphony Orchestra, the Detroit Symphony, and the Minnesota Symphony, are led by women violinists", the double bass, brass, and percussion sections of major orchestras "...are still predominantly male." A 2014 BBC article stated that the "...introduction of 'blind' auditions, where a prospective instrumentalist performs behind a screen so that the judging panel can exercise no gender or racial prejudice, has seen the gender balance of traditionally male-dominated symphony orchestras gradually shift." | In what section of the New York Philharmonic do women outnumber men? | {
"text": [
"violin"
],
"answer_start": [
171
]
} |
56f72fe03d8e2e1400e37402 | Classical_music | Works of classic repertoire often exhibit complexity in their use of orchestration, counterpoint, harmony, musical development, rhythm, phrasing, texture, and form. Whereas most popular styles are usually written in song forms, classic music is noted for its development of highly sophisticated musical forms, like the concerto, symphony, sonata, and opera. | Works of classical repertoire exhibit what in their use of orchestration and harmony, and form? | {
"text": [
"complexity"
],
"answer_start": [
44
]
} |
56f72fe03d8e2e1400e37403 | Classical_music | Works of classic repertoire often exhibit complexity in their use of orchestration, counterpoint, harmony, musical development, rhythm, phrasing, texture, and form. Whereas most popular styles are usually written in song forms, classic music is noted for its development of highly sophisticated musical forms, like the concerto, symphony, sonata, and opera. | What is usually written in song forms? | {
"text": [
"popular styles"
],
"answer_start": [
180
]
} |
56f72fe03d8e2e1400e37404 | Classical_music | Works of classic repertoire often exhibit complexity in their use of orchestration, counterpoint, harmony, musical development, rhythm, phrasing, texture, and form. Whereas most popular styles are usually written in song forms, classic music is noted for its development of highly sophisticated musical forms, like the concerto, symphony, sonata, and opera. | The concerto, symphony, sonata and opera are examples of what type of musical forms? | {
"text": [
"sophisticated"
],
"answer_start": [
285
]
} |
56f730d43d8e2e1400e3741c | Classical_music | Longer works are often divided into self-contained pieces, called movements, often with contrasting characters or moods. For instance, symphonies written during the classical period are usually divided into four movements: (1) an opening Allegro in sonata form, (2) a slow movement, (3) a minuet or scherzo, and (4) a final Allegro. These movements can then be further broken down into a hierarchy of smaller units: first sections, then periods, and finally phrases. | What are self-contained pieces in longer works called? | {
"text": [
"movements"
],
"answer_start": [
66
]
} |
56f730d43d8e2e1400e3741d | Classical_music | Longer works are often divided into self-contained pieces, called movements, often with contrasting characters or moods. For instance, symphonies written during the classical period are usually divided into four movements: (1) an opening Allegro in sonata form, (2) a slow movement, (3) a minuet or scherzo, and (4) a final Allegro. These movements can then be further broken down into a hierarchy of smaller units: first sections, then periods, and finally phrases. | How many movements are symphonies written in the Classical period usually divided into? | {
"text": [
"four"
],
"answer_start": [
207
]
} |
56f730d43d8e2e1400e3741e | Classical_music | Longer works are often divided into self-contained pieces, called movements, often with contrasting characters or moods. For instance, symphonies written during the classical period are usually divided into four movements: (1) an opening Allegro in sonata form, (2) a slow movement, (3) a minuet or scherzo, and (4) a final Allegro. These movements can then be further broken down into a hierarchy of smaller units: first sections, then periods, and finally phrases. | What, typically, is the speed of the second movement in a classical piece? | {
"text": [
"slow"
],
"answer_start": [
268
]
} |
56f730d43d8e2e1400e3741f | Classical_music | Longer works are often divided into self-contained pieces, called movements, often with contrasting characters or moods. For instance, symphonies written during the classical period are usually divided into four movements: (1) an opening Allegro in sonata form, (2) a slow movement, (3) a minuet or scherzo, and (4) a final Allegro. These movements can then be further broken down into a hierarchy of smaller units: first sections, then periods, and finally phrases. | A movement broken up further is called what? | {
"text": [
"sections"
],
"answer_start": [
422
]
} |
56f730d43d8e2e1400e37420 | Classical_music | Longer works are often divided into self-contained pieces, called movements, often with contrasting characters or moods. For instance, symphonies written during the classical period are usually divided into four movements: (1) an opening Allegro in sonata form, (2) a slow movement, (3) a minuet or scherzo, and (4) a final Allegro. These movements can then be further broken down into a hierarchy of smaller units: first sections, then periods, and finally phrases. | The final movement of a classical piece is usually called what? | {
"text": [
"Allegro"
],
"answer_start": [
324
]
} |
56f731b83d8e2e1400e37430 | Classical_music | The major time divisions of classic music up to 1900 are the early music period, which includes Medieval (500–1400) and Renaissance (1400–1600) eras, and the Common practice period, which includes the Baroque (1600–1750), Classical (1750–1830) and Romantic (1804–1910) eras. Since 1900, classic periods have been reckoned more by calendar century than by particular stylistic movements that have become fragmented and difficult to define. The 20th century calendar period (1901–2000) includes most of the early modern musical era (1890–1930), the entire high modern (mid 20th-century), and the first 25 years of the contemporary or postmodern musical era (1975–current). The 21st century has so far been characterized by a continuation of the contemporary/postmodern musical era. | What period was from 500-1400? | {
"text": [
"Medieval"
],
"answer_start": [
98
]
} |
56f731b83d8e2e1400e37431 | Classical_music | The major time divisions of classic music up to 1900 are the early music period, which includes Medieval (500–1400) and Renaissance (1400–1600) eras, and the Common practice period, which includes the Baroque (1600–1750), Classical (1750–1830) and Romantic (1804–1910) eras. Since 1900, classic periods have been reckoned more by calendar century than by particular stylistic movements that have become fragmented and difficult to define. The 20th century calendar period (1901–2000) includes most of the early modern musical era (1890–1930), the entire high modern (mid 20th-century), and the first 25 years of the contemporary or postmodern musical era (1975–current). The 21st century has so far been characterized by a continuation of the contemporary/postmodern musical era. | What years dictate the Baroque period? | {
"text": [
"1600–1750"
],
"answer_start": [
212
]
} |
56f731b83d8e2e1400e37432 | Classical_music | The major time divisions of classic music up to 1900 are the early music period, which includes Medieval (500–1400) and Renaissance (1400–1600) eras, and the Common practice period, which includes the Baroque (1600–1750), Classical (1750–1830) and Romantic (1804–1910) eras. Since 1900, classic periods have been reckoned more by calendar century than by particular stylistic movements that have become fragmented and difficult to define. The 20th century calendar period (1901–2000) includes most of the early modern musical era (1890–1930), the entire high modern (mid 20th-century), and the first 25 years of the contemporary or postmodern musical era (1975–current). The 21st century has so far been characterized by a continuation of the contemporary/postmodern musical era. | How have periods been reckoned Since 1900? | {
"text": [
"by calendar century"
],
"answer_start": [
331
]
} |
56f731b83d8e2e1400e37433 | Classical_music | The major time divisions of classic music up to 1900 are the early music period, which includes Medieval (500–1400) and Renaissance (1400–1600) eras, and the Common practice period, which includes the Baroque (1600–1750), Classical (1750–1830) and Romantic (1804–1910) eras. Since 1900, classic periods have been reckoned more by calendar century than by particular stylistic movements that have become fragmented and difficult to define. The 20th century calendar period (1901–2000) includes most of the early modern musical era (1890–1930), the entire high modern (mid 20th-century), and the first 25 years of the contemporary or postmodern musical era (1975–current). The 21st century has so far been characterized by a continuation of the contemporary/postmodern musical era. | What era has the 21st century has been characterized by? | {
"text": [
"the contemporary/postmodern musical era"
],
"answer_start": [
743
]
} |
56f731b83d8e2e1400e37434 | Classical_music | The major time divisions of classic music up to 1900 are the early music period, which includes Medieval (500–1400) and Renaissance (1400–1600) eras, and the Common practice period, which includes the Baroque (1600–1750), Classical (1750–1830) and Romantic (1804–1910) eras. Since 1900, classic periods have been reckoned more by calendar century than by particular stylistic movements that have become fragmented and difficult to define. The 20th century calendar period (1901–2000) includes most of the early modern musical era (1890–1930), the entire high modern (mid 20th-century), and the first 25 years of the contemporary or postmodern musical era (1975–current). The 21st century has so far been characterized by a continuation of the contemporary/postmodern musical era. | The years 1804-1910 marked what era? | {
"text": [
"Romantic"
],
"answer_start": [
250
]
} |
56f732a2711bf01900a44a5a | Classical_music | The dates are generalizations, since the periods and eras overlap and the categories are somewhat arbitrary, to the point that some authorities reverse terminologies and refer to a common practice "era" comprising baroque, classical, and romantic "periods". For example, the use of counterpoint and fugue, which is considered characteristic of the Baroque era (or period), was continued by Haydn, who is classified as typical of the Classical era. Beethoven, who is often described as a founder of the Romantic era, and Brahms, who is classified as Romantic, also used counterpoint and fugue, but other characteristics of their music define their era. | What composer continued the counterpoint and fugue? | {
"text": [
"Haydn"
],
"answer_start": [
390
]
} |
56f732a2711bf01900a44a5b | Classical_music | The dates are generalizations, since the periods and eras overlap and the categories are somewhat arbitrary, to the point that some authorities reverse terminologies and refer to a common practice "era" comprising baroque, classical, and romantic "periods". For example, the use of counterpoint and fugue, which is considered characteristic of the Baroque era (or period), was continued by Haydn, who is classified as typical of the Classical era. Beethoven, who is often described as a founder of the Romantic era, and Brahms, who is classified as Romantic, also used counterpoint and fugue, but other characteristics of their music define their era. | Haydn is classified as typical of what era? | {
"text": [
"Classical"
],
"answer_start": [
433
]
} |
56f732a2711bf01900a44a5c | Classical_music | The dates are generalizations, since the periods and eras overlap and the categories are somewhat arbitrary, to the point that some authorities reverse terminologies and refer to a common practice "era" comprising baroque, classical, and romantic "periods". For example, the use of counterpoint and fugue, which is considered characteristic of the Baroque era (or period), was continued by Haydn, who is classified as typical of the Classical era. Beethoven, who is often described as a founder of the Romantic era, and Brahms, who is classified as Romantic, also used counterpoint and fugue, but other characteristics of their music define their era. | Who is described as a founder of the Romantic era? | {
"text": [
"Beethoven"
],
"answer_start": [
448
]
} |
56f732a2711bf01900a44a5d | Classical_music | The dates are generalizations, since the periods and eras overlap and the categories are somewhat arbitrary, to the point that some authorities reverse terminologies and refer to a common practice "era" comprising baroque, classical, and romantic "periods". For example, the use of counterpoint and fugue, which is considered characteristic of the Baroque era (or period), was continued by Haydn, who is classified as typical of the Classical era. Beethoven, who is often described as a founder of the Romantic era, and Brahms, who is classified as Romantic, also used counterpoint and fugue, but other characteristics of their music define their era. | Who is classified as Romantic, but also uses counterpoint and fugue? | {
"text": [
"Brahms"
],
"answer_start": [
520
]
} |
56f732a2711bf01900a44a5e | Classical_music | The dates are generalizations, since the periods and eras overlap and the categories are somewhat arbitrary, to the point that some authorities reverse terminologies and refer to a common practice "era" comprising baroque, classical, and romantic "periods". For example, the use of counterpoint and fugue, which is considered characteristic of the Baroque era (or period), was continued by Haydn, who is classified as typical of the Classical era. Beethoven, who is often described as a founder of the Romantic era, and Brahms, who is classified as Romantic, also used counterpoint and fugue, but other characteristics of their music define their era. | Some authorities reverse terminologies to refer to the common practice period as a what? | {
"text": [
"era"
],
"answer_start": [
198
]
} |
56f735c03d8e2e1400e37474 | Classical_music | The prefix neo is used to depict a 20th-century or contemporary composition written in the style of an earlier era, such as Classical or Romantic. Stravinsky's Pulcinella, for example, is a neoclassical composition because it is stylistically similar to works of the Classical era. | A Contemporary composition written in the style of an earlier era is described with what prefix? | {
"text": [
"neo"
],
"answer_start": [
11
]
} |
56f735c03d8e2e1400e37475 | Classical_music | The prefix neo is used to depict a 20th-century or contemporary composition written in the style of an earlier era, such as Classical or Romantic. Stravinsky's Pulcinella, for example, is a neoclassical composition because it is stylistically similar to works of the Classical era. | What century were Neoclassical compositions written in? | {
"text": [
"20th-century"
],
"answer_start": [
37
]
} |
56f735c03d8e2e1400e37476 | Classical_music | The prefix neo is used to depict a 20th-century or contemporary composition written in the style of an earlier era, such as Classical or Romantic. Stravinsky's Pulcinella, for example, is a neoclassical composition because it is stylistically similar to works of the Classical era. | Who wrote Pulcinella? | {
"text": [
"Stravinsky's"
],
"answer_start": [
149
]
} |
56f735c03d8e2e1400e37477 | Classical_music | The prefix neo is used to depict a 20th-century or contemporary composition written in the style of an earlier era, such as Classical or Romantic. Stravinsky's Pulcinella, for example, is a neoclassical composition because it is stylistically similar to works of the Classical era. | What era is Pulcinella similar to? | {
"text": [
"Classical"
],
"answer_start": [
269
]
} |
56f738413d8e2e1400e37490 | Classical_music | Burgh (2006), suggests that the roots of western classical music ultimately lie in ancient Egyptian art music via cheironomy and the ancient Egyptian orchestra, which dates to 2695 BC. This was followed by early Christian liturgical music, which itself dates back to the Ancient Greeks[citation needed]. The development of individual tones and scales was made by ancient Greeks such as Aristoxenus and Pythagoras. Pythagoras created a tuning system and helped to codify musical notation. Ancient Greek instruments such as the aulos (a reed instrument) and the lyre (a stringed instrument similar to a small harp) eventually led to the modern-day instruments of a classical orchestra. The antecedent to the early period was the era of ancient music before the fall of the Roman Empire (476 AD). Very little music survives from this time, most of it from ancient Greece. | When does the Egyptian orchestra date to? | {
"text": [
"2695 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
176
]
} |
56f738413d8e2e1400e37491 | Classical_music | Burgh (2006), suggests that the roots of western classical music ultimately lie in ancient Egyptian art music via cheironomy and the ancient Egyptian orchestra, which dates to 2695 BC. This was followed by early Christian liturgical music, which itself dates back to the Ancient Greeks[citation needed]. The development of individual tones and scales was made by ancient Greeks such as Aristoxenus and Pythagoras. Pythagoras created a tuning system and helped to codify musical notation. Ancient Greek instruments such as the aulos (a reed instrument) and the lyre (a stringed instrument similar to a small harp) eventually led to the modern-day instruments of a classical orchestra. The antecedent to the early period was the era of ancient music before the fall of the Roman Empire (476 AD). Very little music survives from this time, most of it from ancient Greece. | Who suggested that Western classical music is rooted to ancient Egyptian art music? | {
"text": [
"Burgh"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
56f738413d8e2e1400e37492 | Classical_music | Burgh (2006), suggests that the roots of western classical music ultimately lie in ancient Egyptian art music via cheironomy and the ancient Egyptian orchestra, which dates to 2695 BC. This was followed by early Christian liturgical music, which itself dates back to the Ancient Greeks[citation needed]. The development of individual tones and scales was made by ancient Greeks such as Aristoxenus and Pythagoras. Pythagoras created a tuning system and helped to codify musical notation. Ancient Greek instruments such as the aulos (a reed instrument) and the lyre (a stringed instrument similar to a small harp) eventually led to the modern-day instruments of a classical orchestra. The antecedent to the early period was the era of ancient music before the fall of the Roman Empire (476 AD). Very little music survives from this time, most of it from ancient Greece. | What music followed ancient Egyptian art music? | {
"text": [
"early Christian liturgical music,"
],
"answer_start": [
206
]
} |
56f738413d8e2e1400e37493 | Classical_music | Burgh (2006), suggests that the roots of western classical music ultimately lie in ancient Egyptian art music via cheironomy and the ancient Egyptian orchestra, which dates to 2695 BC. This was followed by early Christian liturgical music, which itself dates back to the Ancient Greeks[citation needed]. The development of individual tones and scales was made by ancient Greeks such as Aristoxenus and Pythagoras. Pythagoras created a tuning system and helped to codify musical notation. Ancient Greek instruments such as the aulos (a reed instrument) and the lyre (a stringed instrument similar to a small harp) eventually led to the modern-day instruments of a classical orchestra. The antecedent to the early period was the era of ancient music before the fall of the Roman Empire (476 AD). Very little music survives from this time, most of it from ancient Greece. | Which ancient society developed individual tones and scales? | {
"text": [
"ancient Greeks"
],
"answer_start": [
363
]
} |
56f738413d8e2e1400e37494 | Classical_music | Burgh (2006), suggests that the roots of western classical music ultimately lie in ancient Egyptian art music via cheironomy and the ancient Egyptian orchestra, which dates to 2695 BC. This was followed by early Christian liturgical music, which itself dates back to the Ancient Greeks[citation needed]. The development of individual tones and scales was made by ancient Greeks such as Aristoxenus and Pythagoras. Pythagoras created a tuning system and helped to codify musical notation. Ancient Greek instruments such as the aulos (a reed instrument) and the lyre (a stringed instrument similar to a small harp) eventually led to the modern-day instruments of a classical orchestra. The antecedent to the early period was the era of ancient music before the fall of the Roman Empire (476 AD). Very little music survives from this time, most of it from ancient Greece. | Who helped codify musical notation? | {
"text": [
"Pythagoras"
],
"answer_start": [
414
]
} |
56f73beaaef2371900625a2b | Classical_music | The Medieval period includes music from after the fall of Rome to about 1400. Monophonic chant, also called plainsong or Gregorian chant, was the dominant form until about 1100. Polyphonic (multi-voiced) music developed from monophonic chant throughout the later Middle Ages and into the Renaissance, including the more complex voicings of motets. | The Medieval period begins with the fall of what city? | {
"text": [
"Rome"
],
"answer_start": [
58
]
} |
56f73beaaef2371900625a2c | Classical_music | The Medieval period includes music from after the fall of Rome to about 1400. Monophonic chant, also called plainsong or Gregorian chant, was the dominant form until about 1100. Polyphonic (multi-voiced) music developed from monophonic chant throughout the later Middle Ages and into the Renaissance, including the more complex voicings of motets. | What can Plainsong or Gregorian chant also be called? | {
"text": [
"Monophonic chant"
],
"answer_start": [
78
]
} |
56f73beaaef2371900625a2d | Classical_music | The Medieval period includes music from after the fall of Rome to about 1400. Monophonic chant, also called plainsong or Gregorian chant, was the dominant form until about 1100. Polyphonic (multi-voiced) music developed from monophonic chant throughout the later Middle Ages and into the Renaissance, including the more complex voicings of motets. | What does Polyphonic mean? | {
"text": [
"multi-voiced"
],
"answer_start": [
190
]
} |
56f73beaaef2371900625a2e | Classical_music | The Medieval period includes music from after the fall of Rome to about 1400. Monophonic chant, also called plainsong or Gregorian chant, was the dominant form until about 1100. Polyphonic (multi-voiced) music developed from monophonic chant throughout the later Middle Ages and into the Renaissance, including the more complex voicings of motets. | When did Monophonic chant stop being the dominant form? | {
"text": [
"1100"
],
"answer_start": [
172
]
} |
56f73beaaef2371900625a2f | Classical_music | The Medieval period includes music from after the fall of Rome to about 1400. Monophonic chant, also called plainsong or Gregorian chant, was the dominant form until about 1100. Polyphonic (multi-voiced) music developed from monophonic chant throughout the later Middle Ages and into the Renaissance, including the more complex voicings of motets. | Polyphonic music included more complex voicing of what? | {
"text": [
"motets"
],
"answer_start": [
339
]
} |
56f73c54aef2371900625a35 | Classical_music | The Renaissance era was from 1400 to 1600. It was characterized by greater use of instrumentation, multiple interweaving melodious lines, and the use of the first bass instruments. Social dancing became more widespread, so musical forms appropriate to accompanying dance began to standardize. | When was the Renaissance era? | {
"text": [
"from 1400 to 1600"
],
"answer_start": [
24
]
} |
56f73c54aef2371900625a36 | Classical_music | The Renaissance era was from 1400 to 1600. It was characterized by greater use of instrumentation, multiple interweaving melodious lines, and the use of the first bass instruments. Social dancing became more widespread, so musical forms appropriate to accompanying dance began to standardize. | What era was from 1400 to 1600? | {
"text": [
"Renaissance"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
} |
56f73c54aef2371900625a37 | Classical_music | The Renaissance era was from 1400 to 1600. It was characterized by greater use of instrumentation, multiple interweaving melodious lines, and the use of the first bass instruments. Social dancing became more widespread, so musical forms appropriate to accompanying dance began to standardize. | The use of the first ass instruments occurred in what era? | {
"text": [
"Renaissance"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
} |
56f73c54aef2371900625a38 | Classical_music | The Renaissance era was from 1400 to 1600. It was characterized by greater use of instrumentation, multiple interweaving melodious lines, and the use of the first bass instruments. Social dancing became more widespread, so musical forms appropriate to accompanying dance began to standardize. | What became widespread in the Renaissance era? | {
"text": [
"Social dancing"
],
"answer_start": [
179
]
} |
56f73c54aef2371900625a39 | Classical_music | The Renaissance era was from 1400 to 1600. It was characterized by greater use of instrumentation, multiple interweaving melodious lines, and the use of the first bass instruments. Social dancing became more widespread, so musical forms appropriate to accompanying dance began to standardize. | Musical forms for dance began to standardize during what era? | {
"text": [
"Renaissance"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
} |
56f743d9aef2371900625a63 | Classical_music | It is in this time that the notation of music on a staff and other elements of melodious notation began to take shape. This invention made possible the separation of the composition of a piece of music from its transmission; without written music, transmission was oral, and subject to change every time it was transmitted. With a melodious score, a work of music could be performed without the composer's presence. The invention of the movable-type printing press in the 15th century had far-reaching consequences on the preservation and transmission of music. | The notation of music on a what began to take shape at this time? | {
"text": [
"staff"
],
"answer_start": [
51
]
} |
56f743d9aef2371900625a64 | Classical_music | It is in this time that the notation of music on a staff and other elements of melodious notation began to take shape. This invention made possible the separation of the composition of a piece of music from its transmission; without written music, transmission was oral, and subject to change every time it was transmitted. With a melodious score, a work of music could be performed without the composer's presence. The invention of the movable-type printing press in the 15th century had far-reaching consequences on the preservation and transmission of music. | How was music transmitted before the invention of musical notation? | {
"text": [
"oral"
],
"answer_start": [
263
]
} |
56f743d9aef2371900625a65 | Classical_music | It is in this time that the notation of music on a staff and other elements of melodious notation began to take shape. This invention made possible the separation of the composition of a piece of music from its transmission; without written music, transmission was oral, and subject to change every time it was transmitted. With a melodious score, a work of music could be performed without the composer's presence. The invention of the movable-type printing press in the 15th century had far-reaching consequences on the preservation and transmission of music. | What was oral music subject to every time is was transmitted? | {
"text": [
"change"
],
"answer_start": [
284
]
} |
56f743d9aef2371900625a66 | Classical_music | It is in this time that the notation of music on a staff and other elements of melodious notation began to take shape. This invention made possible the separation of the composition of a piece of music from its transmission; without written music, transmission was oral, and subject to change every time it was transmitted. With a melodious score, a work of music could be performed without the composer's presence. The invention of the movable-type printing press in the 15th century had far-reaching consequences on the preservation and transmission of music. | What can a musical scored be performed without? | {
"text": [
"the composer's presence"
],
"answer_start": [
387
]
} |
56f743d9aef2371900625a67 | Classical_music | It is in this time that the notation of music on a staff and other elements of melodious notation began to take shape. This invention made possible the separation of the composition of a piece of music from its transmission; without written music, transmission was oral, and subject to change every time it was transmitted. With a melodious score, a work of music could be performed without the composer's presence. The invention of the movable-type printing press in the 15th century had far-reaching consequences on the preservation and transmission of music. | When was the movable-type printing press invented? | {
"text": [
"the 15th century"
],
"answer_start": [
464
]
} |
56f74466aef2371900625a6d | Classical_music | typical stringed instruments of the early period include the harp, lute, vielle, and psaltery, while wind instruments included the flute family (including recorder), shawm (an early member of the oboe family), trumpet, and the bagpipes. Simple pipe organs existed, but were largely confined to churches, although there were portable varieties. Later in the period, early versions of keyboard instruments like the clavichord and harpsichord began to appear. Stringed instruments such as the viol had emerged by the 16th century, as had a wider variety of brass and reed instruments. Printing enabled the standardization of descriptions and specifications of instruments, as well as instruction in their use. | The record is part of what wind family? | {
"text": [
"the flute family"
],
"answer_start": [
127
]
} |
56f74466aef2371900625a6e | Classical_music | typical stringed instruments of the early period include the harp, lute, vielle, and psaltery, while wind instruments included the flute family (including recorder), shawm (an early member of the oboe family), trumpet, and the bagpipes. Simple pipe organs existed, but were largely confined to churches, although there were portable varieties. Later in the period, early versions of keyboard instruments like the clavichord and harpsichord began to appear. Stringed instruments such as the viol had emerged by the 16th century, as had a wider variety of brass and reed instruments. Printing enabled the standardization of descriptions and specifications of instruments, as well as instruction in their use. | The sahwm was an early family member of what instrument? | {
"text": [
"the oboe"
],
"answer_start": [
192
]
} |
56f74466aef2371900625a6f | Classical_music | typical stringed instruments of the early period include the harp, lute, vielle, and psaltery, while wind instruments included the flute family (including recorder), shawm (an early member of the oboe family), trumpet, and the bagpipes. Simple pipe organs existed, but were largely confined to churches, although there were portable varieties. Later in the period, early versions of keyboard instruments like the clavichord and harpsichord began to appear. Stringed instruments such as the viol had emerged by the 16th century, as had a wider variety of brass and reed instruments. Printing enabled the standardization of descriptions and specifications of instruments, as well as instruction in their use. | Where were the first pipe organs confined to? | {
"text": [
"churches"
],
"answer_start": [
294
]
} |
56f74466aef2371900625a70 | Classical_music | typical stringed instruments of the early period include the harp, lute, vielle, and psaltery, while wind instruments included the flute family (including recorder), shawm (an early member of the oboe family), trumpet, and the bagpipes. Simple pipe organs existed, but were largely confined to churches, although there were portable varieties. Later in the period, early versions of keyboard instruments like the clavichord and harpsichord began to appear. Stringed instruments such as the viol had emerged by the 16th century, as had a wider variety of brass and reed instruments. Printing enabled the standardization of descriptions and specifications of instruments, as well as instruction in their use. | When had the viol emerged by? | {
"text": [
"the 16th century"
],
"answer_start": [
510
]
} |
56f74466aef2371900625a71 | Classical_music | typical stringed instruments of the early period include the harp, lute, vielle, and psaltery, while wind instruments included the flute family (including recorder), shawm (an early member of the oboe family), trumpet, and the bagpipes. Simple pipe organs existed, but were largely confined to churches, although there were portable varieties. Later in the period, early versions of keyboard instruments like the clavichord and harpsichord began to appear. Stringed instruments such as the viol had emerged by the 16th century, as had a wider variety of brass and reed instruments. Printing enabled the standardization of descriptions and specifications of instruments, as well as instruction in their use. | What enabled descriptions and specification of instruments? | {
"text": [
"Printing"
],
"answer_start": [
582
]
} |
56f744beaef2371900625a77 | Classical_music | The common practice period is when many of the ideas that make up western classic music took shape, standardized, or were codified. It began with the Baroque era, running from roughly 1600 to the middle of the 18th century. The Classical era followed, ending roughly around 1820. The Romantic era ran through the 19th century, ending about 1910. | When did many of the ideas that make up western classical music take shape? | {
"text": [
"The common practice period"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
56f744beaef2371900625a78 | Classical_music | The common practice period is when many of the ideas that make up western classic music took shape, standardized, or were codified. It began with the Baroque era, running from roughly 1600 to the middle of the 18th century. The Classical era followed, ending roughly around 1820. The Romantic era ran through the 19th century, ending about 1910. | What began with the Baroque era? | {
"text": [
"The common practice period"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
56f744beaef2371900625a79 | Classical_music | The common practice period is when many of the ideas that make up western classic music took shape, standardized, or were codified. It began with the Baroque era, running from roughly 1600 to the middle of the 18th century. The Classical era followed, ending roughly around 1820. The Romantic era ran through the 19th century, ending about 1910. | What era did the classical era follow? | {
"text": [
"Baroque era"
],
"answer_start": [
152
]
} |
56f744beaef2371900625a7a | Classical_music | The common practice period is when many of the ideas that make up western classic music took shape, standardized, or were codified. It began with the Baroque era, running from roughly 1600 to the middle of the 18th century. The Classical era followed, ending roughly around 1820. The Romantic era ran through the 19th century, ending about 1910. | When did the classical era end? | {
"text": [
"around 1820"
],
"answer_start": [
269
]
} |
56f744beaef2371900625a7b | Classical_music | The common practice period is when many of the ideas that make up western classic music took shape, standardized, or were codified. It began with the Baroque era, running from roughly 1600 to the middle of the 18th century. The Classical era followed, ending roughly around 1820. The Romantic era ran through the 19th century, ending about 1910. | When did the romantic era end? | {
"text": [
"about 1910"
],
"answer_start": [
336
]
} |
56f745b8a6d7ea1400e1712c | Classical_music | Baroque music is characterized by the use of complex tonic counterpoint and the use of a basso continuo, a continuous bass line. Music became more complex in comparison with the songs of earlier periods. The beginnings of the sonata form took shape in the canzona, as did a more formalized notion of theme and variations. The tonalities of major and minor as means for managing dissonance and chromaticism in music took full shape. | Basso continuo and complex tonal counterpoint characterize what type of music? | {
"text": [
"Baroque"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
56f745b8a6d7ea1400e1712d | Classical_music | Baroque music is characterized by the use of complex tonic counterpoint and the use of a basso continuo, a continuous bass line. Music became more complex in comparison with the songs of earlier periods. The beginnings of the sonata form took shape in the canzona, as did a more formalized notion of theme and variations. The tonalities of major and minor as means for managing dissonance and chromaticism in music took full shape. | What does basso continuo mean? | {
"text": [
"a continuous bass line"
],
"answer_start": [
105
]
} |
56f745b8a6d7ea1400e1712e | Classical_music | Baroque music is characterized by the use of complex tonic counterpoint and the use of a basso continuo, a continuous bass line. Music became more complex in comparison with the songs of earlier periods. The beginnings of the sonata form took shape in the canzona, as did a more formalized notion of theme and variations. The tonalities of major and minor as means for managing dissonance and chromaticism in music took full shape. | What did music become during the Baroque era in comparison with earlier periods? | {
"text": [
"more complex"
],
"answer_start": [
142
]
} |
56f745b8a6d7ea1400e1712f | Classical_music | Baroque music is characterized by the use of complex tonic counterpoint and the use of a basso continuo, a continuous bass line. Music became more complex in comparison with the songs of earlier periods. The beginnings of the sonata form took shape in the canzona, as did a more formalized notion of theme and variations. The tonalities of major and minor as means for managing dissonance and chromaticism in music took full shape. | What form began to take shape during the Baroque era? | {
"text": [
"the sonata form"
],
"answer_start": [
222
]
} |
56f745b8a6d7ea1400e17130 | Classical_music | Baroque music is characterized by the use of complex tonic counterpoint and the use of a basso continuo, a continuous bass line. Music became more complex in comparison with the songs of earlier periods. The beginnings of the sonata form took shape in the canzona, as did a more formalized notion of theme and variations. The tonalities of major and minor as means for managing dissonance and chromaticism in music took full shape. | Major and minor what are means for managing dissonance and chromaticism? | {
"text": [
"tonalities"
],
"answer_start": [
326
]
} |
56f7469ca6d7ea1400e17136 | Classical_music | During the Baroque era, keyboard music played on the harpsichord and pipe organ became increasingly popular, and the violin family of stringed instruments took the form generally seen today. Opera as a staged melodious drama began to differentiate itself from earlier melodious and dramatic forms, and vocal forms like the cantata and oratorio became more common. Vocalists began adding embellishments to melodies. Instrumental ensembles began to distinguish and standardize by size, giving rise to the early orchestra for larger ensembles, with chamber music being written for smaller groups of instruments where parts are played by individual (instead of massed) instruments. The concerto as a vehicle for solo performance accompanied by an orchestra became widespread, although the relationship between soloist and orchestra was relatively simple. | Keyboard music became popular during what era? | {
"text": [
"Baroque"
],
"answer_start": [
11
]
} |
56f7469ca6d7ea1400e17137 | Classical_music | During the Baroque era, keyboard music played on the harpsichord and pipe organ became increasingly popular, and the violin family of stringed instruments took the form generally seen today. Opera as a staged melodious drama began to differentiate itself from earlier melodious and dramatic forms, and vocal forms like the cantata and oratorio became more common. Vocalists began adding embellishments to melodies. Instrumental ensembles began to distinguish and standardize by size, giving rise to the early orchestra for larger ensembles, with chamber music being written for smaller groups of instruments where parts are played by individual (instead of massed) instruments. The concerto as a vehicle for solo performance accompanied by an orchestra became widespread, although the relationship between soloist and orchestra was relatively simple. | The violin family is what type of instrument? | {
"text": [
"stringed"
],
"answer_start": [
134
]
} |
56f7469ca6d7ea1400e17138 | Classical_music | During the Baroque era, keyboard music played on the harpsichord and pipe organ became increasingly popular, and the violin family of stringed instruments took the form generally seen today. Opera as a staged melodious drama began to differentiate itself from earlier melodious and dramatic forms, and vocal forms like the cantata and oratorio became more common. Vocalists began adding embellishments to melodies. Instrumental ensembles began to distinguish and standardize by size, giving rise to the early orchestra for larger ensembles, with chamber music being written for smaller groups of instruments where parts are played by individual (instead of massed) instruments. The concerto as a vehicle for solo performance accompanied by an orchestra became widespread, although the relationship between soloist and orchestra was relatively simple. | Opera began to differentiate itself from earlier forms as what? | {
"text": [
"staged musical drama"
],
"answer_start": [
202
]
} |
56f7469ca6d7ea1400e17139 | Classical_music | During the Baroque era, keyboard music played on the harpsichord and pipe organ became increasingly popular, and the violin family of stringed instruments took the form generally seen today. Opera as a staged melodious drama began to differentiate itself from earlier melodious and dramatic forms, and vocal forms like the cantata and oratorio became more common. Vocalists began adding embellishments to melodies. Instrumental ensembles began to distinguish and standardize by size, giving rise to the early orchestra for larger ensembles, with chamber music being written for smaller groups of instruments where parts are played by individual (instead of massed) instruments. The concerto as a vehicle for solo performance accompanied by an orchestra became widespread, although the relationship between soloist and orchestra was relatively simple. | What became more common during the Baroque era? | {
"text": [
"vocal forms"
],
"answer_start": [
298
]
} |
56f7469ca6d7ea1400e1713a | Classical_music | During the Baroque era, keyboard music played on the harpsichord and pipe organ became increasingly popular, and the violin family of stringed instruments took the form generally seen today. Opera as a staged melodious drama began to differentiate itself from earlier melodious and dramatic forms, and vocal forms like the cantata and oratorio became more common. Vocalists began adding embellishments to melodies. Instrumental ensembles began to distinguish and standardize by size, giving rise to the early orchestra for larger ensembles, with chamber music being written for smaller groups of instruments where parts are played by individual (instead of massed) instruments. The concerto as a vehicle for solo performance accompanied by an orchestra became widespread, although the relationship between soloist and orchestra was relatively simple. | What did vocalist add to melodies beginning in the Baroque era? | {
"text": [
"embellishments"
],
"answer_start": [
383
]
} |
56f74780aef2371900625a99 | Classical_music | The theories surrounding adequate temperament began to be put in wider practice, especially as it enabled a wider range of chromatic possibilities in hard-to-tune keyboard instruments. Although Bach did not use adequate temperament, as a modern piano is generally tuned, changes in the temperaments from the meantone system, common at the time, to various temperaments that made modulation between all keys musically acceptable, made possible Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier. | What theories began to be put in wider practice? | {
"text": [
"equal temperament"
],
"answer_start": [
25
]
} |
56f74780aef2371900625a9a | Classical_music | The theories surrounding adequate temperament began to be put in wider practice, especially as it enabled a wider range of chromatic possibilities in hard-to-tune keyboard instruments. Although Bach did not use adequate temperament, as a modern piano is generally tuned, changes in the temperaments from the meantone system, common at the time, to various temperaments that made modulation between all keys musically acceptable, made possible Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier. | What does equal temperament enabled in hard to tune keyboard instruments? | {
"text": [
"a wider range of chromatic possibilities"
],
"answer_start": [
103
]
} |
56f74780aef2371900625a9b | Classical_music | The theories surrounding adequate temperament began to be put in wider practice, especially as it enabled a wider range of chromatic possibilities in hard-to-tune keyboard instruments. Although Bach did not use adequate temperament, as a modern piano is generally tuned, changes in the temperaments from the meantone system, common at the time, to various temperaments that made modulation between all keys musically acceptable, made possible Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier. | What did Bach not use? | {
"text": [
"equal temperament"
],
"answer_start": [
208
]
} |
56f74780aef2371900625a9c | Classical_music | The theories surrounding adequate temperament began to be put in wider practice, especially as it enabled a wider range of chromatic possibilities in hard-to-tune keyboard instruments. Although Bach did not use adequate temperament, as a modern piano is generally tuned, changes in the temperaments from the meantone system, common at the time, to various temperaments that made modulation between all keys musically acceptable, made possible Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier. | A modern piano is generally what? | {
"text": [
"tuned"
],
"answer_start": [
258
]
} |
56f74780aef2371900625a9d | Classical_music | The theories surrounding adequate temperament began to be put in wider practice, especially as it enabled a wider range of chromatic possibilities in hard-to-tune keyboard instruments. Although Bach did not use adequate temperament, as a modern piano is generally tuned, changes in the temperaments from the meantone system, common at the time, to various temperaments that made modulation between all keys musically acceptable, made possible Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier. | What system of temperaments was common during Bach's time? | {
"text": [
"meantone"
],
"answer_start": [
302
]
} |
56f74825aef2371900625aa3 | Classical_music | The Classical era, from about 1750 to 1820, establish many of the norms of composition, presentation, and style, and was also when the piano became the predominant keyboard instrument. The basic forces required for an orchestra became somewhat standardized (although they would grow as the potential of a wider array of instruments was developed in the following centuries). Chamber music grew to include ensembles with as many as 8 to 10 performers for serenades. Opera continued to develop, with regional styles in Italy, France, and German-speaking lands. The opera buffa, a form of comic opera, rose in popularity. The symphony came into its own as a musical form, and the concerto was developed as a vehicle for displays of virtuoso playing skill. Orchestras no longer required a harpsichord (which had been part of the traditional continuo in the Baroque style), and were often led by the lead violinist (now called the concertmaster). | When was the Classical era? | {
"text": [
"1750 to 1820"
],
"answer_start": [
30
]
} |
56f74825aef2371900625aa4 | Classical_music | The Classical era, from about 1750 to 1820, establish many of the norms of composition, presentation, and style, and was also when the piano became the predominant keyboard instrument. The basic forces required for an orchestra became somewhat standardized (although they would grow as the potential of a wider array of instruments was developed in the following centuries). Chamber music grew to include ensembles with as many as 8 to 10 performers for serenades. Opera continued to develop, with regional styles in Italy, France, and German-speaking lands. The opera buffa, a form of comic opera, rose in popularity. The symphony came into its own as a musical form, and the concerto was developed as a vehicle for displays of virtuoso playing skill. Orchestras no longer required a harpsichord (which had been part of the traditional continuo in the Baroque style), and were often led by the lead violinist (now called the concertmaster). | What instrument became the predominant keyboard during the classical era? | {
"text": [
"the piano"
],
"answer_start": [
133
]
} |
56f74825aef2371900625aa5 | Classical_music | The Classical era, from about 1750 to 1820, establish many of the norms of composition, presentation, and style, and was also when the piano became the predominant keyboard instrument. The basic forces required for an orchestra became somewhat standardized (although they would grow as the potential of a wider array of instruments was developed in the following centuries). Chamber music grew to include ensembles with as many as 8 to 10 performers for serenades. Opera continued to develop, with regional styles in Italy, France, and German-speaking lands. The opera buffa, a form of comic opera, rose in popularity. The symphony came into its own as a musical form, and the concerto was developed as a vehicle for displays of virtuoso playing skill. Orchestras no longer required a harpsichord (which had been part of the traditional continuo in the Baroque style), and were often led by the lead violinist (now called the concertmaster). | What became more standardized during the classical era? | {
"text": [
"The basic forces required for an orchestra"
],
"answer_start": [
187
]
} |
56f74825aef2371900625aa6 | Classical_music | The Classical era, from about 1750 to 1820, establish many of the norms of composition, presentation, and style, and was also when the piano became the predominant keyboard instrument. The basic forces required for an orchestra became somewhat standardized (although they would grow as the potential of a wider array of instruments was developed in the following centuries). Chamber music grew to include ensembles with as many as 8 to 10 performers for serenades. Opera continued to develop, with regional styles in Italy, France, and German-speaking lands. The opera buffa, a form of comic opera, rose in popularity. The symphony came into its own as a musical form, and the concerto was developed as a vehicle for displays of virtuoso playing skill. Orchestras no longer required a harpsichord (which had been part of the traditional continuo in the Baroque style), and were often led by the lead violinist (now called the concertmaster). | How many muscians, at most, could make up a chamber ensemble during the classical period? | {
"text": [
"10"
],
"answer_start": [
438
]
} |
56f74825aef2371900625aa7 | Classical_music | The Classical era, from about 1750 to 1820, establish many of the norms of composition, presentation, and style, and was also when the piano became the predominant keyboard instrument. The basic forces required for an orchestra became somewhat standardized (although they would grow as the potential of a wider array of instruments was developed in the following centuries). Chamber music grew to include ensembles with as many as 8 to 10 performers for serenades. Opera continued to develop, with regional styles in Italy, France, and German-speaking lands. The opera buffa, a form of comic opera, rose in popularity. The symphony came into its own as a musical form, and the concerto was developed as a vehicle for displays of virtuoso playing skill. Orchestras no longer required a harpsichord (which had been part of the traditional continuo in the Baroque style), and were often led by the lead violinist (now called the concertmaster). | What is an opera buffa? | {
"text": [
"a form of comic opera"
],
"answer_start": [
578
]
} |
56f7488fa6d7ea1400e1715c | Classical_music | Wind instruments became more refined in the Classical era. While bivalent reeded instruments like the oboe and bassoon became somewhat standardized in the Baroque, the clarinet family of single reeds was not widely used until Mozart expanded its role in orchestral, chamber, and concerto settings. | What type of instrument became more refined during the classical era? | {
"text": [
"Wind"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
56f7488fa6d7ea1400e1715d | Classical_music | Wind instruments became more refined in the Classical era. While bivalent reeded instruments like the oboe and bassoon became somewhat standardized in the Baroque, the clarinet family of single reeds was not widely used until Mozart expanded its role in orchestral, chamber, and concerto settings. | What is the single reed family called? | {
"text": [
"the clarinet family"
],
"answer_start": [
162
]
} |
56f7488fa6d7ea1400e1715e | Classical_music | Wind instruments became more refined in the Classical era. While bivalent reeded instruments like the oboe and bassoon became somewhat standardized in the Baroque, the clarinet family of single reeds was not widely used until Mozart expanded its role in orchestral, chamber, and concerto settings. | What type of instrument was somewhat standardized int eh Baroque era? | {
"text": [
"double reeded"
],
"answer_start": [
65
]
} |
56f7488fa6d7ea1400e1715f | Classical_music | Wind instruments became more refined in the Classical era. While bivalent reeded instruments like the oboe and bassoon became somewhat standardized in the Baroque, the clarinet family of single reeds was not widely used until Mozart expanded its role in orchestral, chamber, and concerto settings. | Who expanded the single reeds role? | {
"text": [
"Mozart"
],
"answer_start": [
224
]
} |
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