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|---|---|---|---|---|
56f8dcbe9e9bad19000a061c | Southampton | At sure times of the year, The Queen Mary 2, Queen Elizabeth and Queen Victoria may all visit Southampton at the same time, in an event commonly called 'Arrival of the Three Queens'. | Along with the Queen Mary 2 and Queen Victoria, which third ship must be present for the 'Arrival of the Three Queens'? | {
"text": [
"Queen Elizabeth"
],
"answer_start": [
48
]
} |
56f8de039e9bad19000a0620 | Southampton | The importance of Southampton to the cruise industry was indicated by P&O Cruises's 175th anniversary celebrations, which included all seven of the company's liners visiting Southampton in a individual day. Adonia, Arcadia, Aurora, Azura, Oceana, Oriana and Ventura all left the city in a procession on 3 July 2012. | What cruise line celebrated a landmark anniversary in Southampton in July of 2012? | {
"text": [
"P&O Cruises"
],
"answer_start": [
70
]
} |
56f8de039e9bad19000a0621 | Southampton | The importance of Southampton to the cruise industry was indicated by P&O Cruises's 175th anniversary celebrations, which included all seven of the company's liners visiting Southampton in a individual day. Adonia, Arcadia, Aurora, Azura, Oceana, Oriana and Ventura all left the city in a procession on 3 July 2012. | Which anniversary did P&O celebrate in Southampton? | {
"text": [
"175th"
],
"answer_start": [
84
]
} |
56f8de039e9bad19000a0622 | Southampton | The importance of Southampton to the cruise industry was indicated by P&O Cruises's 175th anniversary celebrations, which included all seven of the company's liners visiting Southampton in a individual day. Adonia, Arcadia, Aurora, Azura, Oceana, Oriana and Ventura all left the city in a procession on 3 July 2012. | How many P&O liners visited Southampton on the day of the 175th anniversary celebrations? | {
"text": [
"seven"
],
"answer_start": [
135
]
} |
56f8de039e9bad19000a0623 | Southampton | The importance of Southampton to the cruise industry was indicated by P&O Cruises's 175th anniversary celebrations, which included all seven of the company's liners visiting Southampton in a individual day. Adonia, Arcadia, Aurora, Azura, Oceana, Oriana and Ventura all left the city in a procession on 3 July 2012. | Which of the seven P&O cruise liners has a name that begins with "V"? | {
"text": [
"Ventura"
],
"answer_start": [
254
]
} |
56f8de039e9bad19000a0624 | Southampton | The importance of Southampton to the cruise industry was indicated by P&O Cruises's 175th anniversary celebrations, which included all seven of the company's liners visiting Southampton in a individual day. Adonia, Arcadia, Aurora, Azura, Oceana, Oriana and Ventura all left the city in a procession on 3 July 2012. | Along with the Oriana, what's the other P&O liner with a name that starts with the same letter? | {
"text": [
"Oceana"
],
"answer_start": [
235
]
} |
56f8def59e9bad19000a063e | Southampton | While Southampton is no longer the base for any cross-channel ferries, it is the terminus for three internal ferry services, all of which operate from terminals at Town Quay. Two of these, a car ferry service and a fast catamaran passenger ferry service, provide links to East Cowes and Cowes respectively on the Isle of Wight and are operated by Red Funnel. The third ferry is the Hythe Ferry, providing a passenger service to Hythe on the other side of Southampton Water. | How many internal ferry services does Southampton serve? | {
"text": [
"three"
],
"answer_start": [
94
]
} |
56f8def59e9bad19000a063f | Southampton | While Southampton is no longer the base for any cross-channel ferries, it is the terminus for three internal ferry services, all of which operate from terminals at Town Quay. Two of these, a car ferry service and a fast catamaran passenger ferry service, provide links to East Cowes and Cowes respectively on the Isle of Wight and are operated by Red Funnel. The third ferry is the Hythe Ferry, providing a passenger service to Hythe on the other side of Southampton Water. | What is the name of the quay where all three ferries have their terminals? | {
"text": [
"Town Quay"
],
"answer_start": [
164
]
} |
56f8def59e9bad19000a0640 | Southampton | While Southampton is no longer the base for any cross-channel ferries, it is the terminus for three internal ferry services, all of which operate from terminals at Town Quay. Two of these, a car ferry service and a fast catamaran passenger ferry service, provide links to East Cowes and Cowes respectively on the Isle of Wight and are operated by Red Funnel. The third ferry is the Hythe Ferry, providing a passenger service to Hythe on the other side of Southampton Water. | How many of the ferries connect to the Isle of Wight? | {
"text": [
"Two"
],
"answer_start": [
175
]
} |
56f8def59e9bad19000a0641 | Southampton | While Southampton is no longer the base for any cross-channel ferries, it is the terminus for three internal ferry services, all of which operate from terminals at Town Quay. Two of these, a car ferry service and a fast catamaran passenger ferry service, provide links to East Cowes and Cowes respectively on the Isle of Wight and are operated by Red Funnel. The third ferry is the Hythe Ferry, providing a passenger service to Hythe on the other side of Southampton Water. | What company operates the ferries to East Cowes and Cowes? | {
"text": [
"Red Funnel"
],
"answer_start": [
347
]
} |
56f8def59e9bad19000a0642 | Southampton | While Southampton is no longer the base for any cross-channel ferries, it is the terminus for three internal ferry services, all of which operate from terminals at Town Quay. Two of these, a car ferry service and a fast catamaran passenger ferry service, provide links to East Cowes and Cowes respectively on the Isle of Wight and are operated by Red Funnel. The third ferry is the Hythe Ferry, providing a passenger service to Hythe on the other side of Southampton Water. | What body of water does the Hythe Ferry cross to reach Hythe from Southampton? | {
"text": [
"Southampton Water"
],
"answer_start": [
455
]
} |
56f8e0b29e9bad19000a065c | Southampton | Southampton used to exist home to a number of ferry services to the continent, with destinations such as San Sebastian, Lisbon, Tangier and Casablanca. A ferry port was built during the 1960s. However, a number of these relocated to Portsmouth and by 1996, there were no longer any car ferries operating from Southampton with the exception of services to the Isle of Wight. The land used for Southampton Ferry Port was sold off and a retail and housing development was built on the site. The Princess Alexandra Dock was converted into a marina. Reception areas for new cars now fill the Eastern Docks where passengers, dry docks and trains used to be. | In what decade was the ferry port built in Southampton to carry people to exotic destinations on the continent? | {
"text": [
"1960s"
],
"answer_start": [
183
]
} |
56f8e0b29e9bad19000a065d | Southampton | Southampton used to exist home to a number of ferry services to the continent, with destinations such as San Sebastian, Lisbon, Tangier and Casablanca. A ferry port was built during the 1960s. However, a number of these relocated to Portsmouth and by 1996, there were no longer any car ferries operating from Southampton with the exception of services to the Isle of Wight. The land used for Southampton Ferry Port was sold off and a retail and housing development was built on the site. The Princess Alexandra Dock was converted into a marina. Reception areas for new cars now fill the Eastern Docks where passengers, dry docks and trains used to be. | By what year did car ferries finish operating from Southampton, other than the one to the Isle of Wight? | {
"text": [
"1996"
],
"answer_start": [
248
]
} |
56f8e0b29e9bad19000a065e | Southampton | Southampton used to exist home to a number of ferry services to the continent, with destinations such as San Sebastian, Lisbon, Tangier and Casablanca. A ferry port was built during the 1960s. However, a number of these relocated to Portsmouth and by 1996, there were no longer any car ferries operating from Southampton with the exception of services to the Isle of Wight. The land used for Southampton Ferry Port was sold off and a retail and housing development was built on the site. The Princess Alexandra Dock was converted into a marina. Reception areas for new cars now fill the Eastern Docks where passengers, dry docks and trains used to be. | What was built on the site where the Southampton Ferry Port used to be? | {
"text": [
"a retail and housing development"
],
"answer_start": [
429
]
} |
56f8e0b29e9bad19000a065f | Southampton | Southampton used to exist home to a number of ferry services to the continent, with destinations such as San Sebastian, Lisbon, Tangier and Casablanca. A ferry port was built during the 1960s. However, a number of these relocated to Portsmouth and by 1996, there were no longer any car ferries operating from Southampton with the exception of services to the Isle of Wight. The land used for Southampton Ferry Port was sold off and a retail and housing development was built on the site. The Princess Alexandra Dock was converted into a marina. Reception areas for new cars now fill the Eastern Docks where passengers, dry docks and trains used to be. | What has the Princess Alexandra Dock become? | {
"text": [
"a marina"
],
"answer_start": [
532
]
} |
56f8e0b29e9bad19000a0660 | Southampton | Southampton used to exist home to a number of ferry services to the continent, with destinations such as San Sebastian, Lisbon, Tangier and Casablanca. A ferry port was built during the 1960s. However, a number of these relocated to Portsmouth and by 1996, there were no longer any car ferries operating from Southampton with the exception of services to the Isle of Wight. The land used for Southampton Ferry Port was sold off and a retail and housing development was built on the site. The Princess Alexandra Dock was converted into a marina. Reception areas for new cars now fill the Eastern Docks where passengers, dry docks and trains used to be. | What location that was once filled with passengers, dry docks, and trains is now a holding area for new cars? | {
"text": [
"Eastern Docks"
],
"answer_start": [
584
]
} |
56f8e1e79e9bad19000a067a | Southampton | Buses now provide the majority of local public transport. The independent bus operators are First Southampton and Bluestar. Other operators include Brijan Tours, Stagecoach and Xelabus. The other large service provider is the Uni-link bus service (running from early in the morning to midnight), which was commissioned by the University of Southampton to provide transport from the university to the town. Previously run by Enterprise, it is now run by Bluestar. Free buses are provided by City-link'. The City-link runs from the Red Funnel ferry terminal at Town Quay to Central station via WestQuay and is operated by Bluestar. There is also a door-to-door minibus service called Southampton Dial a Ride, for residents who cannot access public transport. This is funded by the council and operated by SCA Support Services. | What form of public transport do most people in Southampton use now? | {
"text": [
"Buses"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
56f8e1e79e9bad19000a067b | Southampton | Buses now provide the majority of local public transport. The independent bus operators are First Southampton and Bluestar. Other operators include Brijan Tours, Stagecoach and Xelabus. The other large service provider is the Uni-link bus service (running from early in the morning to midnight), which was commissioned by the University of Southampton to provide transport from the university to the town. Previously run by Enterprise, it is now run by Bluestar. Free buses are provided by City-link'. The City-link runs from the Red Funnel ferry terminal at Town Quay to Central station via WestQuay and is operated by Bluestar. There is also a door-to-door minibus service called Southampton Dial a Ride, for residents who cannot access public transport. This is funded by the council and operated by SCA Support Services. | Along with First Southampton, what is the other main bus operator in Southampton? | {
"text": [
"Bluestar"
],
"answer_start": [
107
]
} |
56f8e1e79e9bad19000a067c | Southampton | Buses now provide the majority of local public transport. The independent bus operators are First Southampton and Bluestar. Other operators include Brijan Tours, Stagecoach and Xelabus. The other large service provider is the Uni-link bus service (running from early in the morning to midnight), which was commissioned by the University of Southampton to provide transport from the university to the town. Previously run by Enterprise, it is now run by Bluestar. Free buses are provided by City-link'. The City-link runs from the Red Funnel ferry terminal at Town Quay to Central station via WestQuay and is operated by Bluestar. There is also a door-to-door minibus service called Southampton Dial a Ride, for residents who cannot access public transport. This is funded by the council and operated by SCA Support Services. | What bus service did the University of Southampton commission to carry people between the city and the university? | {
"text": [
"Uni-link"
],
"answer_start": [
219
]
} |
56f8e1e79e9bad19000a067d | Southampton | Buses now provide the majority of local public transport. The independent bus operators are First Southampton and Bluestar. Other operators include Brijan Tours, Stagecoach and Xelabus. The other large service provider is the Uni-link bus service (running from early in the morning to midnight), which was commissioned by the University of Southampton to provide transport from the university to the town. Previously run by Enterprise, it is now run by Bluestar. Free buses are provided by City-link'. The City-link runs from the Red Funnel ferry terminal at Town Quay to Central station via WestQuay and is operated by Bluestar. There is also a door-to-door minibus service called Southampton Dial a Ride, for residents who cannot access public transport. This is funded by the council and operated by SCA Support Services. | What time does Uni-link stop service to the university each night? | {
"text": [
"midnight"
],
"answer_start": [
278
]
} |
56f8e1e79e9bad19000a067e | Southampton | Buses now provide the majority of local public transport. The independent bus operators are First Southampton and Bluestar. Other operators include Brijan Tours, Stagecoach and Xelabus. The other large service provider is the Uni-link bus service (running from early in the morning to midnight), which was commissioned by the University of Southampton to provide transport from the university to the town. Previously run by Enterprise, it is now run by Bluestar. Free buses are provided by City-link'. The City-link runs from the Red Funnel ferry terminal at Town Quay to Central station via WestQuay and is operated by Bluestar. There is also a door-to-door minibus service called Southampton Dial a Ride, for residents who cannot access public transport. This is funded by the council and operated by SCA Support Services. | What operator ran Uni-link before Bluestar? | {
"text": [
"Enterprise"
],
"answer_start": [
417
]
} |
56f8e38b9e9bad19000a0698 | Southampton | There are two independent termini for bus services. As the biggest operator, First uses stops around Pound Tree Road. This leaves the other terminal of West Quay available for other operators. Uni-link passes West Quay in both directions, and Wilts & Dorset drop passengers off and pick them up there, terminating at a series of bus stands along the road. Certain Bluestar services also do this, while others stop at Bargate and some loop round West Quay, stopping at Hanover Buildings. There was a tram system from 1879 to 1949. | What road does First use stops around to leave a terminal available for other buses? | {
"text": [
"Pound Tree Road"
],
"answer_start": [
94
]
} |
56f8e38b9e9bad19000a0699 | Southampton | There are two independent termini for bus services. As the biggest operator, First uses stops around Pound Tree Road. This leaves the other terminal of West Quay available for other operators. Uni-link passes West Quay in both directions, and Wilts & Dorset drop passengers off and pick them up there, terminating at a series of bus stands along the road. Certain Bluestar services also do this, while others stop at Bargate and some loop round West Quay, stopping at Hanover Buildings. There was a tram system from 1879 to 1949. | Which bus service passes West Quay going in both directions? | {
"text": [
"Uni-link"
],
"answer_start": [
186
]
} |
56f8e38b9e9bad19000a069a | Southampton | There are two independent termini for bus services. As the biggest operator, First uses stops around Pound Tree Road. This leaves the other terminal of West Quay available for other operators. Uni-link passes West Quay in both directions, and Wilts & Dorset drop passengers off and pick them up there, terminating at a series of bus stands along the road. Certain Bluestar services also do this, while others stop at Bargate and some loop round West Quay, stopping at Hanover Buildings. There was a tram system from 1879 to 1949. | What operator drops off and picks up passengers at West Quay? | {
"text": [
"Wilts & Dorset"
],
"answer_start": [
236
]
} |
56f8e38b9e9bad19000a069b | Southampton | There are two independent termini for bus services. As the biggest operator, First uses stops around Pound Tree Road. This leaves the other terminal of West Quay available for other operators. Uni-link passes West Quay in both directions, and Wilts & Dorset drop passengers off and pick them up there, terminating at a series of bus stands along the road. Certain Bluestar services also do this, while others stop at Bargate and some loop round West Quay, stopping at Hanover Buildings. There was a tram system from 1879 to 1949. | When did the tram system stop operating in Southampton? | {
"text": [
"1949"
],
"answer_start": [
517
]
} |
56f8e38b9e9bad19000a069c | Southampton | There are two independent termini for bus services. As the biggest operator, First uses stops around Pound Tree Road. This leaves the other terminal of West Quay available for other operators. Uni-link passes West Quay in both directions, and Wilts & Dorset drop passengers off and pick them up there, terminating at a series of bus stands along the road. Certain Bluestar services also do this, while others stop at Bargate and some loop round West Quay, stopping at Hanover Buildings. There was a tram system from 1879 to 1949. | Where do buses that loop around West Quay stop? | {
"text": [
"Hanover Buildings"
],
"answer_start": [
461
]
} |
56f6f92b3d8e2e1400e37300 | Treaty | A treaty is an agreement under international law entered into by actors in international law, namely sovereign states and international organizations. A treaty may also exist known as an (international) agreement, protocol, covenant, convention, pact, or exchange of letters, among other terms. Regardless of terminology, all of these forms of agreements are, under international law, equally considered treaties and the rules are the same. | Who are the actors in international law? | {
"text": [
"sovereign states and international organizations"
],
"answer_start": [
101
]
} |
56f6f92b3d8e2e1400e37301 | Treaty | A treaty is an agreement under international law entered into by actors in international law, namely sovereign states and international organizations. A treaty may also exist known as an (international) agreement, protocol, covenant, convention, pact, or exchange of letters, among other terms. Regardless of terminology, all of these forms of agreements are, under international law, equally considered treaties and the rules are the same. | What is an agreement entered into by actors in international law? | {
"text": [
"A treaty"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
56f6f92b3d8e2e1400e37302 | Treaty | A treaty is an agreement under international law entered into by actors in international law, namely sovereign states and international organizations. A treaty may also exist known as an (international) agreement, protocol, covenant, convention, pact, or exchange of letters, among other terms. Regardless of terminology, all of these forms of agreements are, under international law, equally considered treaties and the rules are the same. | How are different forms of agreements treated under international law compared to treaties? | {
"text": [
"equally"
],
"answer_start": [
382
]
} |
56f6f92b3d8e2e1400e37303 | Treaty | A treaty is an agreement under international law entered into by actors in international law, namely sovereign states and international organizations. A treaty may also exist known as an (international) agreement, protocol, covenant, convention, pact, or exchange of letters, among other terms. Regardless of terminology, all of these forms of agreements are, under international law, equally considered treaties and the rules are the same. | How would you compare the rules of a treaty and a covenant under international law? | {
"text": [
"the rules are the same"
],
"answer_start": [
414
]
} |
56f6fbeb711bf01900a448c4 | Treaty | Treaties can exist loosely compared to contracts: both are means of willing parties assuming obligations among themselves, and a party to either that fails to live up to their obligations can exist held liable under international law. | What must a party to a treaty do to prevent being held liable under international law? | {
"text": [
"live up to their obligations"
],
"answer_start": [
156
]
} |
56f6fbeb711bf01900a448c5 | Treaty | Treaties can exist loosely compared to contracts: both are means of willing parties assuming obligations among themselves, and a party to either that fails to live up to their obligations can exist held liable under international law. | What is comparable in domestic law to a treaty in international law? | {
"text": [
"contracts"
],
"answer_start": [
36
]
} |
56f6fbeb711bf01900a448c6 | Treaty | Treaties can exist loosely compared to contracts: both are means of willing parties assuming obligations among themselves, and a party to either that fails to live up to their obligations can exist held liable under international law. | Under what will a party to a treaty be held liable for failing to uphold their obligations? | {
"text": [
"international law"
],
"answer_start": [
210
]
} |
56f6fbeb711bf01900a448c7 | Treaty | Treaties can exist loosely compared to contracts: both are means of willing parties assuming obligations among themselves, and a party to either that fails to live up to their obligations can exist held liable under international law. | What must be the attitude of a party towards assuming the legal obligations of the treaty? | {
"text": [
"willing"
],
"answer_start": [
65
]
} |
56f6fbeb711bf01900a448c8 | Treaty | Treaties can exist loosely compared to contracts: both are means of willing parties assuming obligations among themselves, and a party to either that fails to live up to their obligations can exist held liable under international law. | What do we call the willingly-assumed burdens placed upon parties to both treaties and contracts? | {
"text": [
"obligations"
],
"answer_start": [
90
]
} |
56f6fdb13d8e2e1400e37310 | Treaty | A treaty is an official, express written agreement that states use to legally adhere themselves. A treaty is the official document which expresses that agreement in words; and it is also the objective outcome of a ceremonial occasion which acknowledges the parties and their defined relationships. | How are the agreements in a treaty expressed? | {
"text": [
"in words"
],
"answer_start": [
160
]
} |
56f6fdb13d8e2e1400e37311 | Treaty | A treaty is an official, express written agreement that states use to legally adhere themselves. A treaty is the official document which expresses that agreement in words; and it is also the objective outcome of a ceremonial occasion which acknowledges the parties and their defined relationships. | How are states that enter into a treaty bound? | {
"text": [
"legally"
],
"answer_start": [
70
]
} |
56f6fdb13d8e2e1400e37312 | Treaty | A treaty is an official, express written agreement that states use to legally adhere themselves. A treaty is the official document which expresses that agreement in words; and it is also the objective outcome of a ceremonial occasion which acknowledges the parties and their defined relationships. | What is an official document which expresses an agreement between two states? | {
"text": [
"A treaty"
],
"answer_start": [
95
]
} |
56f6fdb13d8e2e1400e37313 | Treaty | A treaty is an official, express written agreement that states use to legally adhere themselves. A treaty is the official document which expresses that agreement in words; and it is also the objective outcome of a ceremonial occasion which acknowledges the parties and their defined relationships. | What is an objective outcome of a ceremonial occasion which acknowledges the defined relationships of its parties? | {
"text": [
"A treaty"
],
"answer_start": [
95
]
} |
56f6fdb13d8e2e1400e37314 | Treaty | A treaty is an official, express written agreement that states use to legally adhere themselves. A treaty is the official document which expresses that agreement in words; and it is also the objective outcome of a ceremonial occasion which acknowledges the parties and their defined relationships. | Who is responsible for the legally-bound obligations of the parties to a treaty? | {
"text": [
"themselves"
],
"answer_start": [
83
]
} |
56f6ff4c3d8e2e1400e37322 | Treaty | Since the later 19th century, most treaties have followed a fairly consistent format. A treaty typically begins with a preamble describing the contracting parties and their joint objectives in executing the treaty, as well as summarizing any underlying events (such as a war). Modern preambles are sometimes structured as a single very long sentence formatted into multiple paragraphs for readability, in which each of the paragraphs begins with a verb (desiring, recognizing, having, and so on). | What is shared by most treaties since the late 19th century? | {
"text": [
"a fairly consistent format"
],
"answer_start": [
57
]
} |
56f6ff4c3d8e2e1400e37323 | Treaty | Since the later 19th century, most treaties have followed a fairly consistent format. A treaty typically begins with a preamble describing the contracting parties and their joint objectives in executing the treaty, as well as summarizing any underlying events (such as a war). Modern preambles are sometimes structured as a single very long sentence formatted into multiple paragraphs for readability, in which each of the paragraphs begins with a verb (desiring, recognizing, having, and so on). | What is the beginning of a typical treaty called? | {
"text": [
"a preamble"
],
"answer_start": [
116
]
} |
56f6ff4c3d8e2e1400e37324 | Treaty | Since the later 19th century, most treaties have followed a fairly consistent format. A treaty typically begins with a preamble describing the contracting parties and their joint objectives in executing the treaty, as well as summarizing any underlying events (such as a war). Modern preambles are sometimes structured as a single very long sentence formatted into multiple paragraphs for readability, in which each of the paragraphs begins with a verb (desiring, recognizing, having, and so on). | Why are long sentences in a modern preamble formatted into multiple paragraphs? | {
"text": [
"readability"
],
"answer_start": [
388
]
} |
56f6ff4c3d8e2e1400e37325 | Treaty | Since the later 19th century, most treaties have followed a fairly consistent format. A treaty typically begins with a preamble describing the contracting parties and their joint objectives in executing the treaty, as well as summarizing any underlying events (such as a war). Modern preambles are sometimes structured as a single very long sentence formatted into multiple paragraphs for readability, in which each of the paragraphs begins with a verb (desiring, recognizing, having, and so on). | Each paragraph of a modern preamble typically begins with which part of speech? | {
"text": [
"a verb"
],
"answer_start": [
445
]
} |
56f6ff4c3d8e2e1400e37326 | Treaty | Since the later 19th century, most treaties have followed a fairly consistent format. A treaty typically begins with a preamble describing the contracting parties and their joint objectives in executing the treaty, as well as summarizing any underlying events (such as a war). Modern preambles are sometimes structured as a single very long sentence formatted into multiple paragraphs for readability, in which each of the paragraphs begins with a verb (desiring, recognizing, having, and so on). | In addition to describing the parties and their joint objectives, what else does a modern preamble typically summarize? | {
"text": [
"any underlying events (such as a war)"
],
"answer_start": [
237
]
} |
56f7046d711bf01900a448e2 | Treaty | The contracting parties' full names or sovereign titles are often included in the preamble, along with the full names and titles of their representatives, and a boilerplate clause about how their representatives have communicated (or exchanged) their full powers (i.e., the official documents appointing them to move on behalf of their respective states) and found them in good or proper form. | What term describes a common clause in a treaty stating that the representatives of the parties have communicated their full powers? | {
"text": [
"boilerplate"
],
"answer_start": [
161
]
} |
56f7046d711bf01900a448e3 | Treaty | The contracting parties' full names or sovereign titles are often included in the preamble, along with the full names and titles of their representatives, and a boilerplate clause about how their representatives have communicated (or exchanged) their full powers (i.e., the official documents appointing them to move on behalf of their respective states) and found them in good or proper form. | What are the official documents appointing a party's representative to act on their behalf? | {
"text": [
"full powers"
],
"answer_start": [
251
]
} |
56f7046d711bf01900a448e4 | Treaty | The contracting parties' full names or sovereign titles are often included in the preamble, along with the full names and titles of their representatives, and a boilerplate clause about how their representatives have communicated (or exchanged) their full powers (i.e., the official documents appointing them to move on behalf of their respective states) and found them in good or proper form. | In addition to their full names, what else is included in the preamble that identifies the parties to a treaty? | {
"text": [
"sovereign titles"
],
"answer_start": [
39
]
} |
56f7046d711bf01900a448e5 | Treaty | The contracting parties' full names or sovereign titles are often included in the preamble, along with the full names and titles of their representatives, and a boilerplate clause about how their representatives have communicated (or exchanged) their full powers (i.e., the official documents appointing them to move on behalf of their respective states) and found them in good or proper form. | How must the full powers of a parties' representatives be found in order to enter into a treaty? | {
"text": [
"in good or proper form."
],
"answer_start": [
369
]
} |
56f7046d711bf01900a448e6 | Treaty | The contracting parties' full names or sovereign titles are often included in the preamble, along with the full names and titles of their representatives, and a boilerplate clause about how their representatives have communicated (or exchanged) their full powers (i.e., the official documents appointing them to move on behalf of their respective states) and found them in good or proper form. | Who else besides the parties themselves is typically identified in the preamble to a treaty? | {
"text": [
"their representatives"
],
"answer_start": [
132
]
} |
56f705ac711bf01900a448ec | Treaty | After the preamble comes numbered articles, which contain the substance of the parties' existent agreement. Each article heading usually encompasses a paragraph. A long treaty may further group articles under chapter headings. | What follows the preamble in a treaty? | {
"text": [
"numbered articles"
],
"answer_start": [
25
]
} |
56f705ac711bf01900a448ed | Treaty | After the preamble comes numbered articles, which contain the substance of the parties' existent agreement. Each article heading usually encompasses a paragraph. A long treaty may further group articles under chapter headings. | What is contained in the numbered articles of a treaty? | {
"text": [
"the substance of the parties' actual agreement"
],
"answer_start": [
58
]
} |
56f705ac711bf01900a448ee | Treaty | After the preamble comes numbered articles, which contain the substance of the parties' existent agreement. Each article heading usually encompasses a paragraph. A long treaty may further group articles under chapter headings. | What does each article heading usually encompass? | {
"text": [
"a paragraph"
],
"answer_start": [
147
]
} |
56f705ac711bf01900a448ef | Treaty | After the preamble comes numbered articles, which contain the substance of the parties' existent agreement. Each article heading usually encompasses a paragraph. A long treaty may further group articles under chapter headings. | How might the articles in a long treaty be grouped? | {
"text": [
"under chapter headings"
],
"answer_start": [
201
]
} |
56f705ac711bf01900a448f0 | Treaty | After the preamble comes numbered articles, which contain the substance of the parties' existent agreement. Each article heading usually encompasses a paragraph. A long treaty may further group articles under chapter headings. | The numbered articles of a treaty may be grouped by chapter heading in what kind of treaty? | {
"text": [
"A long treaty"
],
"answer_start": [
160
]
} |
56f7083a711bf01900a448f6 | Treaty | modern treaties, regardless of subject matter, usually contain articles governing where the final authentic copies of the treaty will be deposited and how any subsequent disputes as to their interpretation will be peacefully resolved. | What type of resolution to disputes is typically outlined in a treaty? | {
"text": [
"peaceful"
],
"answer_start": [
214
]
} |
56f7083a711bf01900a448f7 | Treaty | modern treaties, regardless of subject matter, usually contain articles governing where the final authentic copies of the treaty will be deposited and how any subsequent disputes as to their interpretation will be peacefully resolved. | Which section of a treaty typically contains information about the whereabouts of the final authentic copies of a treaty? | {
"text": [
"articles"
],
"answer_start": [
63
]
} |
56f7083a711bf01900a448f8 | Treaty | modern treaties, regardless of subject matter, usually contain articles governing where the final authentic copies of the treaty will be deposited and how any subsequent disputes as to their interpretation will be peacefully resolved. | Parties to a treaty might have disputes about what aspect of the articles of a treaty? | {
"text": [
"their interpretation"
],
"answer_start": [
185
]
} |
56f7083a711bf01900a448f9 | Treaty | modern treaties, regardless of subject matter, usually contain articles governing where the final authentic copies of the treaty will be deposited and how any subsequent disputes as to their interpretation will be peacefully resolved. | Which copies of a treaty have their locations outlined in most modern treaties? | {
"text": [
"the final authentic copies"
],
"answer_start": [
88
]
} |
56f7083a711bf01900a448fa | Treaty | modern treaties, regardless of subject matter, usually contain articles governing where the final authentic copies of the treaty will be deposited and how any subsequent disputes as to their interpretation will be peacefully resolved. | Modern treaties typically outline the procedures for the peaceful resolution of what? | {
"text": [
"disputes"
],
"answer_start": [
170
]
} |
56f709cd711bf01900a44900 | Treaty | The end of a treaty, the eschatocol (or closing protocol), is often signaled by a clause like "in witness whereof" or "in faith whereof," the parties have affixed their signatures, followed by the words "DONE at," then the site(s) of the treaty's execution and the date(s) of its execution. The date is typically written in its most formal, longest potential form. For example, the Charter of the United Nations was "DONE at the city of San Francisco the twenty-sixth day of June, one thousand nine hundred and forty-five." If the treaty is executed in multiple copies in different languages, that fact is always noted, and is followed by a stipulation that the versions in different languages are equally authentic. | What is the formal name for the closing protocol of a treaty? | {
"text": [
"the eschatocol"
],
"answer_start": [
21
]
} |
56f709cd711bf01900a44901 | Treaty | The end of a treaty, the eschatocol (or closing protocol), is often signaled by a clause like "in witness whereof" or "in faith whereof," the parties have affixed their signatures, followed by the words "DONE at," then the site(s) of the treaty's execution and the date(s) of its execution. The date is typically written in its most formal, longest potential form. For example, the Charter of the United Nations was "DONE at the city of San Francisco the twenty-sixth day of June, one thousand nine hundred and forty-five." If the treaty is executed in multiple copies in different languages, that fact is always noted, and is followed by a stipulation that the versions in different languages are equally authentic. | What typically follows the signatures in a treaty? | {
"text": [
"the site(s) of the treaty's execution and the date(s)"
],
"answer_start": [
219
]
} |
56f709cd711bf01900a44902 | Treaty | The end of a treaty, the eschatocol (or closing protocol), is often signaled by a clause like "in witness whereof" or "in faith whereof," the parties have affixed their signatures, followed by the words "DONE at," then the site(s) of the treaty's execution and the date(s) of its execution. The date is typically written in its most formal, longest potential form. For example, the Charter of the United Nations was "DONE at the city of San Francisco the twenty-sixth day of June, one thousand nine hundred and forty-five." If the treaty is executed in multiple copies in different languages, that fact is always noted, and is followed by a stipulation that the versions in different languages are equally authentic. | How is the date typically written in a treaty? | {
"text": [
"its most formal, longest possible form"
],
"answer_start": [
324
]
} |
56f709cd711bf01900a44903 | Treaty | The end of a treaty, the eschatocol (or closing protocol), is often signaled by a clause like "in witness whereof" or "in faith whereof," the parties have affixed their signatures, followed by the words "DONE at," then the site(s) of the treaty's execution and the date(s) of its execution. The date is typically written in its most formal, longest potential form. For example, the Charter of the United Nations was "DONE at the city of San Francisco the twenty-sixth day of June, one thousand nine hundred and forty-five." If the treaty is executed in multiple copies in different languages, that fact is always noted, and is followed by a stipulation that the versions in different languages are equally authentic. | What is the nature of the different versions of a treaty executed in multiple languages? | {
"text": [
"equally authentic"
],
"answer_start": [
697
]
} |
56f709cd711bf01900a44904 | Treaty | The end of a treaty, the eschatocol (or closing protocol), is often signaled by a clause like "in witness whereof" or "in faith whereof," the parties have affixed their signatures, followed by the words "DONE at," then the site(s) of the treaty's execution and the date(s) of its execution. The date is typically written in its most formal, longest potential form. For example, the Charter of the United Nations was "DONE at the city of San Francisco the twenty-sixth day of June, one thousand nine hundred and forty-five." If the treaty is executed in multiple copies in different languages, that fact is always noted, and is followed by a stipulation that the versions in different languages are equally authentic. | A clause like "in witness whereof" or "in faith whereof" typically signals what in a treaty? | {
"text": [
"The end"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
56f715cc711bf01900a44928 | Treaty | The signatures of the parties' representatives follow at the very end. When the text of a treaty is later reprinted, such as in a collection of treaties currently in effect, an editor will often add_on the dates on which the respective parties ratified the treaty and on which it came into effect for each party. | Whose signatures appear at the very end of a treaty? | {
"text": [
"the parties' representatives"
],
"answer_start": [
18
]
} |
56f715cc711bf01900a44929 | Treaty | The signatures of the parties' representatives follow at the very end. When the text of a treaty is later reprinted, such as in a collection of treaties currently in effect, an editor will often add_on the dates on which the respective parties ratified the treaty and on which it came into effect for each party. | Where might the text of a treaty be reprinted? | {
"text": [
"in a collection of treaties currently in effect"
],
"answer_start": [
125
]
} |
56f715cc711bf01900a4492a | Treaty | The signatures of the parties' representatives follow at the very end. When the text of a treaty is later reprinted, such as in a collection of treaties currently in effect, an editor will often add_on the dates on which the respective parties ratified the treaty and on which it came into effect for each party. | Who, upon reprinting, will often append the dates on which the treaty was ratified and came into effect? | {
"text": [
"an editor"
],
"answer_start": [
174
]
} |
56f715cc711bf01900a4492b | Treaty | The signatures of the parties' representatives follow at the very end. When the text of a treaty is later reprinted, such as in a collection of treaties currently in effect, an editor will often add_on the dates on which the respective parties ratified the treaty and on which it came into effect for each party. | Each party must have done what in order for the treaty to come into effect? | {
"text": [
"ratified the treaty"
],
"answer_start": [
244
]
} |
56f715cc711bf01900a4492c | Treaty | The signatures of the parties' representatives follow at the very end. When the text of a treaty is later reprinted, such as in a collection of treaties currently in effect, an editor will often add_on the dates on which the respective parties ratified the treaty and on which it came into effect for each party. | Even if signed and ratified on the same date, the treaty might have done what on different dates? | {
"text": [
"came into effect"
],
"answer_start": [
280
]
} |
56f71740711bf01900a44932 | Treaty | Bilateral treaties are concluded between two states or entities. It is possible, however, for a bilateral treaty to have more than two parties; consider for instance the bilateral treaties between Switzerland and the European Union (EU) following the Swiss rejection of the European Economic Area agreement. Each of these treaties has seventeen parties. These however are still bilateral, not multilateral, treaties. The parties are divided into two groups, the Swiss ("on the one part") and the EU and its member states ("on the other part"). The treaty establishes rights and obligations between the Swiss and the EU and the member states severally—it does not establish any rights and obligations amongst the EU and its member states.[citation needed] | Bilateral treaties are concluded between how many states or entities? | {
"text": [
"two"
],
"answer_start": [
41
]
} |
56f71740711bf01900a44933 | Treaty | Bilateral treaties are concluded between two states or entities. It is possible, however, for a bilateral treaty to have more than two parties; consider for instance the bilateral treaties between Switzerland and the European Union (EU) following the Swiss rejection of the European Economic Area agreement. Each of these treaties has seventeen parties. These however are still bilateral, not multilateral, treaties. The parties are divided into two groups, the Swiss ("on the one part") and the EU and its member states ("on the other part"). The treaty establishes rights and obligations between the Swiss and the EU and the member states severally—it does not establish any rights and obligations amongst the EU and its member states.[citation needed] | Is it possible for a bilateral treaty to have more than two parties? | {
"text": [
"It is possible"
],
"answer_start": [
65
]
} |
56f71740711bf01900a44934 | Treaty | Bilateral treaties are concluded between two states or entities. It is possible, however, for a bilateral treaty to have more than two parties; consider for instance the bilateral treaties between Switzerland and the European Union (EU) following the Swiss rejection of the European Economic Area agreement. Each of these treaties has seventeen parties. These however are still bilateral, not multilateral, treaties. The parties are divided into two groups, the Swiss ("on the one part") and the EU and its member states ("on the other part"). The treaty establishes rights and obligations between the Swiss and the EU and the member states severally—it does not establish any rights and obligations amongst the EU and its member states.[citation needed] | The bilateral treaties between Switzerland and the European Union followed the Swiss rejection of what? | {
"text": [
"the European Economic Area agreement"
],
"answer_start": [
270
]
} |
56f71740711bf01900a44935 | Treaty | Bilateral treaties are concluded between two states or entities. It is possible, however, for a bilateral treaty to have more than two parties; consider for instance the bilateral treaties between Switzerland and the European Union (EU) following the Swiss rejection of the European Economic Area agreement. Each of these treaties has seventeen parties. These however are still bilateral, not multilateral, treaties. The parties are divided into two groups, the Swiss ("on the one part") and the EU and its member states ("on the other part"). The treaty establishes rights and obligations between the Swiss and the EU and the member states severally—it does not establish any rights and obligations amongst the EU and its member states.[citation needed] | Does the bilateral treaty between Switzerland and the European Union establish rights or obligations amongst the EU and its member states? | {
"text": [
"it does not"
],
"answer_start": [
651
]
} |
56f71740711bf01900a44936 | Treaty | Bilateral treaties are concluded between two states or entities. It is possible, however, for a bilateral treaty to have more than two parties; consider for instance the bilateral treaties between Switzerland and the European Union (EU) following the Swiss rejection of the European Economic Area agreement. Each of these treaties has seventeen parties. These however are still bilateral, not multilateral, treaties. The parties are divided into two groups, the Swiss ("on the one part") and the EU and its member states ("on the other part"). The treaty establishes rights and obligations between the Swiss and the EU and the member states severally—it does not establish any rights and obligations amongst the EU and its member states.[citation needed] | The treaty between Switzerland and the European Union is an example of what kind of treaty? | {
"text": [
"bilateral"
],
"answer_start": [
170
]
} |
56f7188d711bf01900a44950 | Treaty | A many-sided treaty is concluded among several countries. The agreement establishes rights and obligations between each party and every other party. Multilateral treaties are often regional.[citation needed] Treaties of "mutual guarantee" are international compacts, e.g., the Treaty of Locarno which guarantees each signatory against attack from another. | What is a treaty concluded among several countries? | {
"text": [
"A multilateral treaty"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
56f7188d711bf01900a44951 | Treaty | A many-sided treaty is concluded among several countries. The agreement establishes rights and obligations between each party and every other party. Multilateral treaties are often regional.[citation needed] Treaties of "mutual guarantee" are international compacts, e.g., the Treaty of Locarno which guarantees each signatory against attack from another. | Between which parties does a multilateral treaty establish rights and obligations? | {
"text": [
"each party and every other party"
],
"answer_start": [
117
]
} |
56f7188d711bf01900a44952 | Treaty | A many-sided treaty is concluded among several countries. The agreement establishes rights and obligations between each party and every other party. Multilateral treaties are often regional.[citation needed] Treaties of "mutual guarantee" are international compacts, e.g., the Treaty of Locarno which guarantees each signatory against attack from another. | The Treaty of Locarno guarantees each signatory against what from another signatory? | {
"text": [
"attack"
],
"answer_start": [
337
]
} |
56f7188d711bf01900a44953 | Treaty | A many-sided treaty is concluded among several countries. The agreement establishes rights and obligations between each party and every other party. Multilateral treaties are often regional.[citation needed] Treaties of "mutual guarantee" are international compacts, e.g., the Treaty of Locarno which guarantees each signatory against attack from another. | What type of treaty is a mutual guarantee? | {
"text": [
"international compacts"
],
"answer_start": [
245
]
} |
56f7188d711bf01900a44954 | Treaty | A many-sided treaty is concluded among several countries. The agreement establishes rights and obligations between each party and every other party. Multilateral treaties are often regional.[citation needed] Treaties of "mutual guarantee" are international compacts, e.g., the Treaty of Locarno which guarantees each signatory against attack from another. | Multilateral treaties are often entered into by countries that share the same what? | {
"text": [
"region"
],
"answer_start": [
183
]
} |
56f719c23d8e2e1400e37350 | Treaty | Reservations are essentially caveats to a state's acceptance of a treaty. Reservations are one-sided statements purporting to exclude or to modify the legal obligation and its effects on the reserving state. These must be included at the time of signing or ratification, i.e. "a party cannot add a reservation after it has already joined a treaty". | What are caveats to a state's acceptance of a treaty? | {
"text": [
"Reservations"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
56f719c23d8e2e1400e37351 | Treaty | Reservations are essentially caveats to a state's acceptance of a treaty. Reservations are one-sided statements purporting to exclude or to modify the legal obligation and its effects on the reserving state. These must be included at the time of signing or ratification, i.e. "a party cannot add a reservation after it has already joined a treaty". | What are unilateral statements purporting to exclude or to modify the legal obligation and its effects on a state? | {
"text": [
"Reservations"
],
"answer_start": [
74
]
} |
56f719c23d8e2e1400e37352 | Treaty | Reservations are essentially caveats to a state's acceptance of a treaty. Reservations are one-sided statements purporting to exclude or to modify the legal obligation and its effects on the reserving state. These must be included at the time of signing or ratification, i.e. "a party cannot add a reservation after it has already joined a treaty". | When must reservations be included in a treaty? | {
"text": [
"at the time of signing or ratification"
],
"answer_start": [
232
]
} |
56f719c23d8e2e1400e37353 | Treaty | Reservations are essentially caveats to a state's acceptance of a treaty. Reservations are one-sided statements purporting to exclude or to modify the legal obligation and its effects on the reserving state. These must be included at the time of signing or ratification, i.e. "a party cannot add a reservation after it has already joined a treaty". | What are parties to a treaty forbidden to do after they have already joined a treaty? | {
"text": [
"add a reservation"
],
"answer_start": [
293
]
} |
56f719c23d8e2e1400e37354 | Treaty | Reservations are essentially caveats to a state's acceptance of a treaty. Reservations are one-sided statements purporting to exclude or to modify the legal obligation and its effects on the reserving state. These must be included at the time of signing or ratification, i.e. "a party cannot add a reservation after it has already joined a treaty". | A reserving party to a treaty may include a statement that attempts to do what to its legal obligations or their effects? | {
"text": [
"exclude or to modify"
],
"answer_start": [
127
]
} |
56f71cd0711bf01900a44986 | Treaty | Originally, international law was unaccepting of treaty reservations, rejecting them unless all parties to the treaty accepted the like reservations. However, in the interest of encouraging the largest number of states to join treaties, a more permissive rule regarding reservations has emerged. While some treaties still expressly forbid any reservations, they are now generally permitted to the extent that they are not inconsistent with the goals and purposes of the treaty. | A more permissive rule regarding what emerged to encourage the largest number of states to join treaties? | {
"text": [
"reservations"
],
"answer_start": [
270
]
} |
56f71cd0711bf01900a44987 | Treaty | Originally, international law was unaccepting of treaty reservations, rejecting them unless all parties to the treaty accepted the like reservations. However, in the interest of encouraging the largest number of states to join treaties, a more permissive rule regarding reservations has emerged. While some treaties still expressly forbid any reservations, they are now generally permitted to the extent that they are not inconsistent with the goals and purposes of the treaty. | Reservations are generally permitted so long as they are not what? | {
"text": [
"inconsistent with the goals and purposes of the treaty"
],
"answer_start": [
422
]
} |
56f71cd0711bf01900a44988 | Treaty | Originally, international law was unaccepting of treaty reservations, rejecting them unless all parties to the treaty accepted the like reservations. However, in the interest of encouraging the largest number of states to join treaties, a more permissive rule regarding reservations has emerged. While some treaties still expressly forbid any reservations, they are now generally permitted to the extent that they are not inconsistent with the goals and purposes of the treaty. | How did international law originally respond to treaty reservations? | {
"text": [
"rejecting them"
],
"answer_start": [
70
]
} |
56f71cd0711bf01900a44989 | Treaty | Originally, international law was unaccepting of treaty reservations, rejecting them unless all parties to the treaty accepted the like reservations. However, in the interest of encouraging the largest number of states to join treaties, a more permissive rule regarding reservations has emerged. While some treaties still expressly forbid any reservations, they are now generally permitted to the extent that they are not inconsistent with the goals and purposes of the treaty. | Originally reservations were rejected under international law unless which parties of the treaty accepted them? | {
"text": [
"all parties"
],
"answer_start": [
92
]
} |
56f71cd0711bf01900a4498a | Treaty | Originally, international law was unaccepting of treaty reservations, rejecting them unless all parties to the treaty accepted the like reservations. However, in the interest of encouraging the largest number of states to join treaties, a more permissive rule regarding reservations has emerged. While some treaties still expressly forbid any reservations, they are now generally permitted to the extent that they are not inconsistent with the goals and purposes of the treaty. | Because they are generally accepted under international law, a treaty must forbid reservations in what manner to prevent their adoption? | {
"text": [
"expressly"
],
"answer_start": [
322
]
} |
56f71ecf711bf01900a449a4 | Treaty | When a state limits its treaty obligations through reservations, other states party to that treaty have the option to take those reservations, object to them, or object and oppose them. If the state accepts them (or fails to act at all), both the reserving state and the accepting state are relieved of the reserved legal obligation as concerns their legal obligations to each other (accepting the reservation does not change the accepting state's legal obligations as concerns other parties to the treaty). If the state opposes, the parts of the treaty affected by the reservation drop out completely and no longer create any legal obligations on the reserving and accepting state, again only as concerns each other. Finally, if the state objects and opposes, there are no legal obligations under that treaty between those two state parties whatsoever. The objecting and opposing state essentially refuses to acknowledge the reserving state is a party to the treaty at all. | When a state adds reservations to a treaty, other parties to the treaty can respond to those reservations in what ways? | {
"text": [
"accept those reservations, object to them, or object and oppose them"
],
"answer_start": [
118
]
} |
56f71ecf711bf01900a449a5 | Treaty | When a state limits its treaty obligations through reservations, other states party to that treaty have the option to take those reservations, object to them, or object and oppose them. If the state accepts them (or fails to act at all), both the reserving state and the accepting state are relieved of the reserved legal obligation as concerns their legal obligations to each other (accepting the reservation does not change the accepting state's legal obligations as concerns other parties to the treaty). If the state opposes, the parts of the treaty affected by the reservation drop out completely and no longer create any legal obligations on the reserving and accepting state, again only as concerns each other. Finally, if the state objects and opposes, there are no legal obligations under that treaty between those two state parties whatsoever. The objecting and opposing state essentially refuses to acknowledge the reserving state is a party to the treaty at all. | Who remains unaffected when a party's reservation is accepted by a second party? | {
"text": [
"other parties to the treaty"
],
"answer_start": [
480
]
} |
56f71ecf711bf01900a449a6 | Treaty | When a state limits its treaty obligations through reservations, other states party to that treaty have the option to take those reservations, object to them, or object and oppose them. If the state accepts them (or fails to act at all), both the reserving state and the accepting state are relieved of the reserved legal obligation as concerns their legal obligations to each other (accepting the reservation does not change the accepting state's legal obligations as concerns other parties to the treaty). If the state opposes, the parts of the treaty affected by the reservation drop out completely and no longer create any legal obligations on the reserving and accepting state, again only as concerns each other. Finally, if the state objects and opposes, there are no legal obligations under that treaty between those two state parties whatsoever. The objecting and opposing state essentially refuses to acknowledge the reserving state is a party to the treaty at all. | What happens to the parts of the treaty affected by a rejected reservation as they concern the reserving and rejecting parties? | {
"text": [
"drop out completely"
],
"answer_start": [
584
]
} |
56f71ecf711bf01900a449a7 | Treaty | When a state limits its treaty obligations through reservations, other states party to that treaty have the option to take those reservations, object to them, or object and oppose them. If the state accepts them (or fails to act at all), both the reserving state and the accepting state are relieved of the reserved legal obligation as concerns their legal obligations to each other (accepting the reservation does not change the accepting state's legal obligations as concerns other parties to the treaty). If the state opposes, the parts of the treaty affected by the reservation drop out completely and no longer create any legal obligations on the reserving and accepting state, again only as concerns each other. Finally, if the state objects and opposes, there are no legal obligations under that treaty between those two state parties whatsoever. The objecting and opposing state essentially refuses to acknowledge the reserving state is a party to the treaty at all. | What legal obligations exist between two state parties if one objects and opposes the other's reservations? | {
"text": [
"no legal obligations"
],
"answer_start": [
773
]
} |
56f71ecf711bf01900a449a8 | Treaty | When a state limits its treaty obligations through reservations, other states party to that treaty have the option to take those reservations, object to them, or object and oppose them. If the state accepts them (or fails to act at all), both the reserving state and the accepting state are relieved of the reserved legal obligation as concerns their legal obligations to each other (accepting the reservation does not change the accepting state's legal obligations as concerns other parties to the treaty). If the state opposes, the parts of the treaty affected by the reservation drop out completely and no longer create any legal obligations on the reserving and accepting state, again only as concerns each other. Finally, if the state objects and opposes, there are no legal obligations under that treaty between those two state parties whatsoever. The objecting and opposing state essentially refuses to acknowledge the reserving state is a party to the treaty at all. | If a state party objects and opposes another state's reservations it essentially refuses to acknowledge what? | {
"text": [
"the reserving state is a party to the treaty"
],
"answer_start": [
924
]
} |
56f720ed711bf01900a449b8 | Treaty | There are three ways an existing treaty can exist amended. First, formal amendment requires State parties to the treaty to go through the ratification process all over again. The re-negotiation of treaty provisions can exist long and protracted, and often some parties to the original treaty will not become parties to the amended treaty. When determining the legal obligations of states, one party to the original treaty and one a party to the amended treaty, the states will only exist bound by the terms they both agreed upon. Treaties can also exist amended informally by the treaty executive council when the changes are only procedural, technical change in customary international law can also amend a treaty, where state behavior evinces a new interpretation of the legal obligations under the treaty. Minor corrections to a treaty may exist adopted by a procès-verbal; but a procès-verbal is generally reserved for changes to rectify obvious errors in the text adopted, i.e. where the text adopted does not correctly reflect the intention of the parties adopting it. | How many ways are there to amend an existing treaty? | {
"text": [
"three"
],
"answer_start": [
10
]
} |
56f720ed711bf01900a449b9 | Treaty | There are three ways an existing treaty can exist amended. First, formal amendment requires State parties to the treaty to go through the ratification process all over again. The re-negotiation of treaty provisions can exist long and protracted, and often some parties to the original treaty will not become parties to the amended treaty. When determining the legal obligations of states, one party to the original treaty and one a party to the amended treaty, the states will only exist bound by the terms they both agreed upon. Treaties can also exist amended informally by the treaty executive council when the changes are only procedural, technical change in customary international law can also amend a treaty, where state behavior evinces a new interpretation of the legal obligations under the treaty. Minor corrections to a treaty may exist adopted by a procès-verbal; but a procès-verbal is generally reserved for changes to rectify obvious errors in the text adopted, i.e. where the text adopted does not correctly reflect the intention of the parties adopting it. | What must state parties to a treaty repeat to adopt a formal amendment to the treaty? | {
"text": [
"the ratification process"
],
"answer_start": [
131
]
} |
56f720ed711bf01900a449ba | Treaty | There are three ways an existing treaty can exist amended. First, formal amendment requires State parties to the treaty to go through the ratification process all over again. The re-negotiation of treaty provisions can exist long and protracted, and often some parties to the original treaty will not become parties to the amended treaty. When determining the legal obligations of states, one party to the original treaty and one a party to the amended treaty, the states will only exist bound by the terms they both agreed upon. Treaties can also exist amended informally by the treaty executive council when the changes are only procedural, technical change in customary international law can also amend a treaty, where state behavior evinces a new interpretation of the legal obligations under the treaty. Minor corrections to a treaty may exist adopted by a procès-verbal; but a procès-verbal is generally reserved for changes to rectify obvious errors in the text adopted, i.e. where the text adopted does not correctly reflect the intention of the parties adopting it. | What amendment process is generally reserved for changes that rectify obvious errors in the text? | {
"text": [
"a procès-verbal"
],
"answer_start": [
866
]
} |
56f720ed711bf01900a449bb | Treaty | There are three ways an existing treaty can exist amended. First, formal amendment requires State parties to the treaty to go through the ratification process all over again. The re-negotiation of treaty provisions can exist long and protracted, and often some parties to the original treaty will not become parties to the amended treaty. When determining the legal obligations of states, one party to the original treaty and one a party to the amended treaty, the states will only exist bound by the terms they both agreed upon. Treaties can also exist amended informally by the treaty executive council when the changes are only procedural, technical change in customary international law can also amend a treaty, where state behavior evinces a new interpretation of the legal obligations under the treaty. Minor corrections to a treaty may exist adopted by a procès-verbal; but a procès-verbal is generally reserved for changes to rectify obvious errors in the text adopted, i.e. where the text adopted does not correctly reflect the intention of the parties adopting it. | Parties to an original treaty and an amended treaty are bound to what terms? | {
"text": [
"the terms they both agreed upon"
],
"answer_start": [
488
]
} |
56f720ed711bf01900a449bc | Treaty | There are three ways an existing treaty can exist amended. First, formal amendment requires State parties to the treaty to go through the ratification process all over again. The re-negotiation of treaty provisions can exist long and protracted, and often some parties to the original treaty will not become parties to the amended treaty. When determining the legal obligations of states, one party to the original treaty and one a party to the amended treaty, the states will only exist bound by the terms they both agreed upon. Treaties can also exist amended informally by the treaty executive council when the changes are only procedural, technical change in customary international law can also amend a treaty, where state behavior evinces a new interpretation of the legal obligations under the treaty. Minor corrections to a treaty may exist adopted by a procès-verbal; but a procès-verbal is generally reserved for changes to rectify obvious errors in the text adopted, i.e. where the text adopted does not correctly reflect the intention of the parties adopting it. | In addition to the often long and protracted nature of treaty renegotiation, what negative outcome might result from the process? | {
"text": [
"some parties to the original treaty will not become parties to the amended treaty"
],
"answer_start": [
250
]
} |
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