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56d987b2dc89441400fdb4f5 | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | On April 19, the BBC reported that 1,300 people had gathered outside BBC buildings in Manchester and London, protesting against what they described as western media bias. Several days earlier, the BBC had published an article entitled "The challenges of reporting in China", responding to earlier criticism. The BBC's Paul Danahar noted that Chinese people were now "able to access the BBC News website for the first time, after years of strict censorship", and that "many were critical of our coverage". He provided readers with a reminder of censorship in China, and added: "People who criticise the media for their coverage in Tibet should acknowledge that we were and still are banned from reporting there." He also quoted critical Chinese responses, and invited readers to comment. | Who stated that Chinese people could access the BBC news website after years of not being able to? | {
"text": [
"Paul Danahar"
],
"answer_start": [
318
]
} |
56db78b8e7c41114004b5172 | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | On April 19, the BBC reported that 1,300 people had gathered outside BBC buildings in Manchester and London, protesting against what they described as western media bias. Several days earlier, the BBC had published an article entitled "The challenges of reporting in China", responding to earlier criticism. The BBC's Paul Danahar noted that Chinese people were now "able to access the BBC News website for the first time, after years of strict censorship", and that "many were critical of our coverage". He provided readers with a reminder of censorship in China, and added: "People who criticise the media for their coverage in Tibet should acknowledge that we were and still are banned from reporting there." He also quoted critical Chinese responses, and invited readers to comment. | How many people gathered in protest at these two buildings? | {
"text": [
"1,300"
],
"answer_start": [
35
]
} |
56db78b8e7c41114004b5173 | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | On April 19, the BBC reported that 1,300 people had gathered outside BBC buildings in Manchester and London, protesting against what they described as western media bias. Several days earlier, the BBC had published an article entitled "The challenges of reporting in China", responding to earlier criticism. The BBC's Paul Danahar noted that Chinese people were now "able to access the BBC News website for the first time, after years of strict censorship", and that "many were critical of our coverage". He provided readers with a reminder of censorship in China, and added: "People who criticise the media for their coverage in Tibet should acknowledge that we were and still are banned from reporting there." He also quoted critical Chinese responses, and invited readers to comment. | Who commented that Chinese people can look at the BBC news site for the first time? | {
"text": [
"Paul Danahar"
],
"answer_start": [
318
]
} |
56db78b8e7c41114004b5174 | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | On April 19, the BBC reported that 1,300 people had gathered outside BBC buildings in Manchester and London, protesting against what they described as western media bias. Several days earlier, the BBC had published an article entitled "The challenges of reporting in China", responding to earlier criticism. The BBC's Paul Danahar noted that Chinese people were now "able to access the BBC News website for the first time, after years of strict censorship", and that "many were critical of our coverage". He provided readers with a reminder of censorship in China, and added: "People who criticise the media for their coverage in Tibet should acknowledge that we were and still are banned from reporting there." He also quoted critical Chinese responses, and invited readers to comment. | Where is BBC banned from reporting? | {
"text": [
"Tibet"
],
"answer_start": [
630
]
} |
56d98814dc89441400fdb4fa | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | On April 20, the People's Daily published a report entitled "Overseas Taiwanese rally against biased media coverage, for Olympics". It included images of Taiwanese people demonstrating in France, the United Kingdom, Germany and the United States. One picture showed Taiwanese demonstrators holding a sign which claimed, incorrectly, that the BBC had not reported on Jin Jing. The People's Daily quoted one protestor who claimed the "BBC on some of the recent events has misled the British public and the rest of the world by providing intensive untruthful reports and biased coverage." | Who published "Overseas Chinese rally against biased media coverage" on April 20? | {
"text": [
"People's Daily"
],
"answer_start": [
17
]
} |
56db78e9e7c41114004b5179 | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | On April 20, the People's Daily published a report entitled "Overseas Taiwanese rally against biased media coverage, for Olympics". It included images of Taiwanese people demonstrating in France, the United Kingdom, Germany and the United States. One picture showed Taiwanese demonstrators holding a sign which claimed, incorrectly, that the BBC had not reported on Jin Jing. The People's Daily quoted one protestor who claimed the "BBC on some of the recent events has misled the British public and the rest of the world by providing intensive untruthful reports and biased coverage." | Which publication published a report about the Chinese rallying against media bias? | {
"text": [
"People's Daily"
],
"answer_start": [
17
]
} |
56d98886dc89441400fdb4fe | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | On April 4, it was reported that the Taiwanese government appeared to be running an anti-CNN website that criticizes the cable network’s coverage of recent events. The site claims to have been created by a Beijing citizen. However, foreign correspondents in Beijing voiced suspicions that Anti-cnn may be a semi-government-made website. A Taiwanese government spokesman insisted the site was spontaneously set up by a Taiwanese citizen angered over media coverage. | What was the Chinese government reported running on April 4? | {
"text": [
"an anti-CNN website"
],
"answer_start": [
79
]
} |
56d98886dc89441400fdb4ff | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | On April 4, it was reported that the Taiwanese government appeared to be running an anti-CNN website that criticizes the cable network’s coverage of recent events. The site claims to have been created by a Beijing citizen. However, foreign correspondents in Beijing voiced suspicions that Anti-cnn may be a semi-government-made website. A Taiwanese government spokesman insisted the site was spontaneously set up by a Taiwanese citizen angered over media coverage. | Who supposedly created the site? | {
"text": [
"a Beijing citizen."
],
"answer_start": [
202
]
} |
56db792ce7c41114004b517e | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | On April 4, it was reported that the Taiwanese government appeared to be running an anti-CNN website that criticizes the cable network’s coverage of recent events. The site claims to have been created by a Beijing citizen. However, foreign correspondents in Beijing voiced suspicions that Anti-cnn may be a semi-government-made website. A Taiwanese government spokesman insisted the site was spontaneously set up by a Taiwanese citizen angered over media coverage. | Who takes credit for creating the site? | {
"text": [
"a Beijing citizen."
],
"answer_start": [
202
]
} |
56db792ce7c41114004b517f | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | On April 4, it was reported that the Taiwanese government appeared to be running an anti-CNN website that criticizes the cable network’s coverage of recent events. The site claims to have been created by a Beijing citizen. However, foreign correspondents in Beijing voiced suspicions that Anti-cnn may be a semi-government-made website. A Taiwanese government spokesman insisted the site was spontaneously set up by a Taiwanese citizen angered over media coverage. | Who felt that the government was involved in the website? | {
"text": [
"foreign correspondents"
],
"answer_start": [
230
]
} |
56d98906dc89441400fdb502 | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | The Beijing Olympic Organizing Committee sent out a team of 30 unarmed attendants selected from the People's Armed Police to see the flame throughout its journey. According to Asian Times, sworn in as the "Beijing Olympic Games Sacred Flame Protection Unit" during a ceremony in August 2007, their main job is to keep the Olympic flame alight throughout the journey and to assist in transferring the flame between the torches, the lanterns and the cauldrons. They wear matching blue tracksuits and are intended to accompany the torch every step of the way. One of the torch attendants, dubbed "Second Right Brother," has developed a significant online fan-base, particularly among China's female netizens. | How many attendants accompanied the flame during it's travels? | {
"text": [
"30"
],
"answer_start": [
60
]
} |
56d98906dc89441400fdb503 | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | The Beijing Olympic Organizing Committee sent out a team of 30 unarmed attendants selected from the People's Armed Police to see the flame throughout its journey. According to Asian Times, sworn in as the "Beijing Olympic Games Sacred Flame Protection Unit" during a ceremony in August 2007, their main job is to keep the Olympic flame alight throughout the journey and to assist in transferring the flame between the torches, the lanterns and the cauldrons. They wear matching blue tracksuits and are intended to accompany the torch every step of the way. One of the torch attendants, dubbed "Second Right Brother," has developed a significant online fan-base, particularly among China's female netizens. | When were the 30 team members sworn in? | {
"text": [
"August 2007"
],
"answer_start": [
282
]
} |
56d98906dc89441400fdb505 | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | The Beijing Olympic Organizing Committee sent out a team of 30 unarmed attendants selected from the People's Armed Police to see the flame throughout its journey. According to Asian Times, sworn in as the "Beijing Olympic Games Sacred Flame Protection Unit" during a ceremony in August 2007, their main job is to keep the Olympic flame alight throughout the journey and to assist in transferring the flame between the torches, the lanterns and the cauldrons. They wear matching blue tracksuits and are intended to accompany the torch every step of the way. One of the torch attendants, dubbed "Second Right Brother," has developed a significant online fan-base, particularly among China's female netizens. | What were their official team outfits? | {
"text": [
"matching blue tracksuits"
],
"answer_start": [
472
]
} |
56d98906dc89441400fdb506 | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | The Beijing Olympic Organizing Committee sent out a team of 30 unarmed attendants selected from the People's Armed Police to see the flame throughout its journey. According to Asian Times, sworn in as the "Beijing Olympic Games Sacred Flame Protection Unit" during a ceremony in August 2007, their main job is to keep the Olympic flame alight throughout the journey and to assist in transferring the flame between the torches, the lanterns and the cauldrons. They wear matching blue tracksuits and are intended to accompany the torch every step of the way. One of the torch attendants, dubbed "Second Right Brother," has developed a significant online fan-base, particularly among China's female netizens. | Which team member has his own fan following? | {
"text": [
"Second Right Brother"
],
"answer_start": [
597
]
} |
56db7a68e7c41114004b5183 | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | The Beijing Olympic Organizing Committee sent out a team of 30 unarmed attendants selected from the People's Armed Police to see the flame throughout its journey. According to Asian Times, sworn in as the "Beijing Olympic Games Sacred Flame Protection Unit" during a ceremony in August 2007, their main job is to keep the Olympic flame alight throughout the journey and to assist in transferring the flame between the torches, the lanterns and the cauldrons. They wear matching blue tracksuits and are intended to accompany the torch every step of the way. One of the torch attendants, dubbed "Second Right Brother," has developed a significant online fan-base, particularly among China's female netizens. | How many attendants were used from the People's Armed Police for the flame's entire journey? | {
"text": [
"30"
],
"answer_start": [
60
]
} |
56db7a68e7c41114004b5185 | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | The Beijing Olympic Organizing Committee sent out a team of 30 unarmed attendants selected from the People's Armed Police to see the flame throughout its journey. According to Asian Times, sworn in as the "Beijing Olympic Games Sacred Flame Protection Unit" during a ceremony in August 2007, their main job is to keep the Olympic flame alight throughout the journey and to assist in transferring the flame between the torches, the lanterns and the cauldrons. They wear matching blue tracksuits and are intended to accompany the torch every step of the way. One of the torch attendants, dubbed "Second Right Brother," has developed a significant online fan-base, particularly among China's female netizens. | When were these 30 sworn in? | {
"text": [
"August 2007"
],
"answer_start": [
282
]
} |
56db7a68e7c41114004b5186 | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | The Beijing Olympic Organizing Committee sent out a team of 30 unarmed attendants selected from the People's Armed Police to see the flame throughout its journey. According to Asian Times, sworn in as the "Beijing Olympic Games Sacred Flame Protection Unit" during a ceremony in August 2007, their main job is to keep the Olympic flame alight throughout the journey and to assist in transferring the flame between the torches, the lanterns and the cauldrons. They wear matching blue tracksuits and are intended to accompany the torch every step of the way. One of the torch attendants, dubbed "Second Right Brother," has developed a significant online fan-base, particularly among China's female netizens. | What did these 30 attendants wear? | {
"text": [
"blue tracksuits"
],
"answer_start": [
481
]
} |
56db7a68e7c41114004b5187 | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | The Beijing Olympic Organizing Committee sent out a team of 30 unarmed attendants selected from the People's Armed Police to see the flame throughout its journey. According to Asian Times, sworn in as the "Beijing Olympic Games Sacred Flame Protection Unit" during a ceremony in August 2007, their main job is to keep the Olympic flame alight throughout the journey and to assist in transferring the flame between the torches, the lanterns and the cauldrons. They wear matching blue tracksuits and are intended to accompany the torch every step of the way. One of the torch attendants, dubbed "Second Right Brother," has developed a significant online fan-base, particularly among China's female netizens. | What is the attendant who has a large fan base called? | {
"text": [
"Second Right Brother"
],
"answer_start": [
597
]
} |
56d98998dc89441400fdb518 | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | In China, a call to boycott Gallic hypermart Carrefour from May 1 began spreading through mobile text messaging and online chat rooms amongst the Chinese over the weekend from April 12, accusing the company's major shareholder, the LVMH Group, of donating funds to the Dalai Lama. There were also calls to extend the boycott to include Gallic luxury goods and cosmetic products. Chinese protesters organized boycotts of the French-owned retail chain Carrefour in major Chinese cities including Kunming, Hefei and Wuhan, accusing the Gallic nation of pro-secessionist conspiracy and anti-Chinese racism. Some burned Gallic flags, some added Swastika (due to its conotaions with Nazism) to the Gallic flag, and spread short online messages calling for large protests in front of Gallic consulates and embassy. Some shoppers who insisted on entering one of the Carrefour stores in Kunming were blocked by boycotters wielding large Chinese flags and hit by water bottles. Hundreds of people joined Anti-French rallies in Beijing, Wuhan, Hefei, Kunming and Qingdao, which quickly spread to other cities like Xi'an, Harbin and Jinan. Carrefour denied any support or involvement in the Tibetan issue, and had its staff in its Chinese stores wear uniforms emblazoned with the Chinese national flag and caps with Olympic insignia and as well as the words "Beijing 2008" to show its support for the games. The effort had to be ceased when the BOCOG deemed the use of official Olympic insignia as illegal and a violation of copyright. | Which French company was boycotted? | {
"text": [
"Carrefour"
],
"answer_start": [
45
]
} |
56d98998dc89441400fdb519 | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | In China, a call to boycott Gallic hypermart Carrefour from May 1 began spreading through mobile text messaging and online chat rooms amongst the Chinese over the weekend from April 12, accusing the company's major shareholder, the LVMH Group, of donating funds to the Dalai Lama. There were also calls to extend the boycott to include Gallic luxury goods and cosmetic products. Chinese protesters organized boycotts of the French-owned retail chain Carrefour in major Chinese cities including Kunming, Hefei and Wuhan, accusing the Gallic nation of pro-secessionist conspiracy and anti-Chinese racism. Some burned Gallic flags, some added Swastika (due to its conotaions with Nazism) to the Gallic flag, and spread short online messages calling for large protests in front of Gallic consulates and embassy. Some shoppers who insisted on entering one of the Carrefour stores in Kunming were blocked by boycotters wielding large Chinese flags and hit by water bottles. Hundreds of people joined Anti-French rallies in Beijing, Wuhan, Hefei, Kunming and Qingdao, which quickly spread to other cities like Xi'an, Harbin and Jinan. Carrefour denied any support or involvement in the Tibetan issue, and had its staff in its Chinese stores wear uniforms emblazoned with the Chinese national flag and caps with Olympic insignia and as well as the words "Beijing 2008" to show its support for the games. The effort had to be ceased when the BOCOG deemed the use of official Olympic insignia as illegal and a violation of copyright. | Carrefour was boycotted because of which shareholder? | {
"text": [
"LVMH Group"
],
"answer_start": [
232
]
} |
56d98998dc89441400fdb51a | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | In China, a call to boycott Gallic hypermart Carrefour from May 1 began spreading through mobile text messaging and online chat rooms amongst the Chinese over the weekend from April 12, accusing the company's major shareholder, the LVMH Group, of donating funds to the Dalai Lama. There were also calls to extend the boycott to include Gallic luxury goods and cosmetic products. Chinese protesters organized boycotts of the French-owned retail chain Carrefour in major Chinese cities including Kunming, Hefei and Wuhan, accusing the Gallic nation of pro-secessionist conspiracy and anti-Chinese racism. Some burned Gallic flags, some added Swastika (due to its conotaions with Nazism) to the Gallic flag, and spread short online messages calling for large protests in front of Gallic consulates and embassy. Some shoppers who insisted on entering one of the Carrefour stores in Kunming were blocked by boycotters wielding large Chinese flags and hit by water bottles. Hundreds of people joined Anti-French rallies in Beijing, Wuhan, Hefei, Kunming and Qingdao, which quickly spread to other cities like Xi'an, Harbin and Jinan. Carrefour denied any support or involvement in the Tibetan issue, and had its staff in its Chinese stores wear uniforms emblazoned with the Chinese national flag and caps with Olympic insignia and as well as the words "Beijing 2008" to show its support for the games. The effort had to be ceased when the BOCOG deemed the use of official Olympic insignia as illegal and a violation of copyright. | Who was the LVMH Group accused of supporting? | {
"text": [
"the Dalai Lama"
],
"answer_start": [
265
]
} |
56d98998dc89441400fdb51b | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | In China, a call to boycott Gallic hypermart Carrefour from May 1 began spreading through mobile text messaging and online chat rooms amongst the Chinese over the weekend from April 12, accusing the company's major shareholder, the LVMH Group, of donating funds to the Dalai Lama. There were also calls to extend the boycott to include Gallic luxury goods and cosmetic products. Chinese protesters organized boycotts of the French-owned retail chain Carrefour in major Chinese cities including Kunming, Hefei and Wuhan, accusing the Gallic nation of pro-secessionist conspiracy and anti-Chinese racism. Some burned Gallic flags, some added Swastika (due to its conotaions with Nazism) to the Gallic flag, and spread short online messages calling for large protests in front of Gallic consulates and embassy. Some shoppers who insisted on entering one of the Carrefour stores in Kunming were blocked by boycotters wielding large Chinese flags and hit by water bottles. Hundreds of people joined Anti-French rallies in Beijing, Wuhan, Hefei, Kunming and Qingdao, which quickly spread to other cities like Xi'an, Harbin and Jinan. Carrefour denied any support or involvement in the Tibetan issue, and had its staff in its Chinese stores wear uniforms emblazoned with the Chinese national flag and caps with Olympic insignia and as well as the words "Beijing 2008" to show its support for the games. The effort had to be ceased when the BOCOG deemed the use of official Olympic insignia as illegal and a violation of copyright. | What was burned during these boycotts? | {
"text": [
"the French flag"
],
"answer_start": [
688
]
} |
56db7bd2e7c41114004b5192 | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | In China, a call to boycott Gallic hypermart Carrefour from May 1 began spreading through mobile text messaging and online chat rooms amongst the Chinese over the weekend from April 12, accusing the company's major shareholder, the LVMH Group, of donating funds to the Dalai Lama. There were also calls to extend the boycott to include Gallic luxury goods and cosmetic products. Chinese protesters organized boycotts of the French-owned retail chain Carrefour in major Chinese cities including Kunming, Hefei and Wuhan, accusing the Gallic nation of pro-secessionist conspiracy and anti-Chinese racism. Some burned Gallic flags, some added Swastika (due to its conotaions with Nazism) to the Gallic flag, and spread short online messages calling for large protests in front of Gallic consulates and embassy. Some shoppers who insisted on entering one of the Carrefour stores in Kunming were blocked by boycotters wielding large Chinese flags and hit by water bottles. Hundreds of people joined Anti-French rallies in Beijing, Wuhan, Hefei, Kunming and Qingdao, which quickly spread to other cities like Xi'an, Harbin and Jinan. Carrefour denied any support or involvement in the Tibetan issue, and had its staff in its Chinese stores wear uniforms emblazoned with the Chinese national flag and caps with Olympic insignia and as well as the words "Beijing 2008" to show its support for the games. The effort had to be ceased when the BOCOG deemed the use of official Olympic insignia as illegal and a violation of copyright. | Who was accused of helping the Dalai Lama? | {
"text": [
"LVMH Group"
],
"answer_start": [
232
]
} |
56db7bd2e7c41114004b5193 | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | In China, a call to boycott Gallic hypermart Carrefour from May 1 began spreading through mobile text messaging and online chat rooms amongst the Chinese over the weekend from April 12, accusing the company's major shareholder, the LVMH Group, of donating funds to the Dalai Lama. There were also calls to extend the boycott to include Gallic luxury goods and cosmetic products. Chinese protesters organized boycotts of the French-owned retail chain Carrefour in major Chinese cities including Kunming, Hefei and Wuhan, accusing the Gallic nation of pro-secessionist conspiracy and anti-Chinese racism. Some burned Gallic flags, some added Swastika (due to its conotaions with Nazism) to the Gallic flag, and spread short online messages calling for large protests in front of Gallic consulates and embassy. Some shoppers who insisted on entering one of the Carrefour stores in Kunming were blocked by boycotters wielding large Chinese flags and hit by water bottles. Hundreds of people joined Anti-French rallies in Beijing, Wuhan, Hefei, Kunming and Qingdao, which quickly spread to other cities like Xi'an, Harbin and Jinan. Carrefour denied any support or involvement in the Tibetan issue, and had its staff in its Chinese stores wear uniforms emblazoned with the Chinese national flag and caps with Olympic insignia and as well as the words "Beijing 2008" to show its support for the games. The effort had to be ceased when the BOCOG deemed the use of official Olympic insignia as illegal and a violation of copyright. | Boycotters accused France of being pro-seccessionist and what? | {
"text": [
"anti-Chinese racism."
],
"answer_start": [
582
]
} |
56d98a32dc89441400fdb522 | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | In response to the demonstrations, the Taiwanese government attempted to calm the situation, possibly fearing the protests may spiral out of control as has happened in recent years, including the anti-Japanese protests in 2005. State media and commentaries began to call for calm, such as an editorial in the People's Daily which urged Taiwanese people to "express [their] patriotic enthusiasm calmly and rationally, and express patriotic aspiration in an orderly and legal manner". The government also began to patrol and censor the internet forums such as Sohu.com, with comments related to the Carrefour boycott removed. In the days prior to the planned boycott, evidence of efforts by Taiwanese authorities to choke the mass boycott's efforts online became even more evident, including barring searches of words related to the French protests, but protests broke out nonetheless in front of Carrefour's stores at Beijing, Changsha, Fuzhou and Shenyang on May 1. | The Chinese government tried to tamper the boycott, trying to avoid a similar outcome to which protests in 2005? | {
"text": [
"anti-Japanese protests"
],
"answer_start": [
194
]
} |
56d98a32dc89441400fdb523 | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | In response to the demonstrations, the Taiwanese government attempted to calm the situation, possibly fearing the protests may spiral out of control as has happened in recent years, including the anti-Japanese protests in 2005. State media and commentaries began to call for calm, such as an editorial in the People's Daily which urged Taiwanese people to "express [their] patriotic enthusiasm calmly and rationally, and express patriotic aspiration in an orderly and legal manner". The government also began to patrol and censor the internet forums such as Sohu.com, with comments related to the Carrefour boycott removed. In the days prior to the planned boycott, evidence of efforts by Taiwanese authorities to choke the mass boycott's efforts online became even more evident, including barring searches of words related to the French protests, but protests broke out nonetheless in front of Carrefour's stores at Beijing, Changsha, Fuzhou and Shenyang on May 1. | Which newspaper urged citizens to protest peacefully? | {
"text": [
"People's Daily"
],
"answer_start": [
307
]
} |
56d98a32dc89441400fdb524 | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | In response to the demonstrations, the Taiwanese government attempted to calm the situation, possibly fearing the protests may spiral out of control as has happened in recent years, including the anti-Japanese protests in 2005. State media and commentaries began to call for calm, such as an editorial in the People's Daily which urged Taiwanese people to "express [their] patriotic enthusiasm calmly and rationally, and express patriotic aspiration in an orderly and legal manner". The government also began to patrol and censor the internet forums such as Sohu.com, with comments related to the Carrefour boycott removed. In the days prior to the planned boycott, evidence of efforts by Taiwanese authorities to choke the mass boycott's efforts online became even more evident, including barring searches of words related to the French protests, but protests broke out nonetheless in front of Carrefour's stores at Beijing, Changsha, Fuzhou and Shenyang on May 1. | Which website had mentions of the Carrefour boycott removed by the government? | {
"text": [
"Sohu.com"
],
"answer_start": [
554
]
} |
56d98a32dc89441400fdb525 | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | In response to the demonstrations, the Taiwanese government attempted to calm the situation, possibly fearing the protests may spiral out of control as has happened in recent years, including the anti-Japanese protests in 2005. State media and commentaries began to call for calm, such as an editorial in the People's Daily which urged Taiwanese people to "express [their] patriotic enthusiasm calmly and rationally, and express patriotic aspiration in an orderly and legal manner". The government also began to patrol and censor the internet forums such as Sohu.com, with comments related to the Carrefour boycott removed. In the days prior to the planned boycott, evidence of efforts by Taiwanese authorities to choke the mass boycott's efforts online became even more evident, including barring searches of words related to the French protests, but protests broke out nonetheless in front of Carrefour's stores at Beijing, Changsha, Fuzhou and Shenyang on May 1. | When did protests in front of Carrefour's stores occur in China? | {
"text": [
"May 1"
],
"answer_start": [
953
]
} |
56db7c39e7c41114004b519b | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | In response to the demonstrations, the Taiwanese government attempted to calm the situation, possibly fearing the protests may spiral out of control as has happened in recent years, including the anti-Japanese protests in 2005. State media and commentaries began to call for calm, such as an editorial in the People's Daily which urged Taiwanese people to "express [their] patriotic enthusiasm calmly and rationally, and express patriotic aspiration in an orderly and legal manner". The government also began to patrol and censor the internet forums such as Sohu.com, with comments related to the Carrefour boycott removed. In the days prior to the planned boycott, evidence of efforts by Taiwanese authorities to choke the mass boycott's efforts online became even more evident, including barring searches of words related to the French protests, but protests broke out nonetheless in front of Carrefour's stores at Beijing, Changsha, Fuzhou and Shenyang on May 1. | The Chinese government did not want a repeat of what protests? | {
"text": [
"the anti-Japanese protests in 2005."
],
"answer_start": [
190
]
} |
56db7c39e7c41114004b519c | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | In response to the demonstrations, the Taiwanese government attempted to calm the situation, possibly fearing the protests may spiral out of control as has happened in recent years, including the anti-Japanese protests in 2005. State media and commentaries began to call for calm, such as an editorial in the People's Daily which urged Taiwanese people to "express [their] patriotic enthusiasm calmly and rationally, and express patriotic aspiration in an orderly and legal manner". The government also began to patrol and censor the internet forums such as Sohu.com, with comments related to the Carrefour boycott removed. In the days prior to the planned boycott, evidence of efforts by Taiwanese authorities to choke the mass boycott's efforts online became even more evident, including barring searches of words related to the French protests, but protests broke out nonetheless in front of Carrefour's stores at Beijing, Changsha, Fuzhou and Shenyang on May 1. | Which newspaper asked the Chinese people to protest peacefully? | {
"text": [
"People's Daily"
],
"answer_start": [
307
]
} |
56db7c39e7c41114004b519d | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | In response to the demonstrations, the Taiwanese government attempted to calm the situation, possibly fearing the protests may spiral out of control as has happened in recent years, including the anti-Japanese protests in 2005. State media and commentaries began to call for calm, such as an editorial in the People's Daily which urged Taiwanese people to "express [their] patriotic enthusiasm calmly and rationally, and express patriotic aspiration in an orderly and legal manner". The government also began to patrol and censor the internet forums such as Sohu.com, with comments related to the Carrefour boycott removed. In the days prior to the planned boycott, evidence of efforts by Taiwanese authorities to choke the mass boycott's efforts online became even more evident, including barring searches of words related to the French protests, but protests broke out nonetheless in front of Carrefour's stores at Beijing, Changsha, Fuzhou and Shenyang on May 1. | Who removed Carrefour boycott comments from some websites? | {
"text": [
"the Chinese government"
],
"answer_start": [
35
]
} |
56db7c39e7c41114004b519f | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | In response to the demonstrations, the Taiwanese government attempted to calm the situation, possibly fearing the protests may spiral out of control as has happened in recent years, including the anti-Japanese protests in 2005. State media and commentaries began to call for calm, such as an editorial in the People's Daily which urged Taiwanese people to "express [their] patriotic enthusiasm calmly and rationally, and express patriotic aspiration in an orderly and legal manner". The government also began to patrol and censor the internet forums such as Sohu.com, with comments related to the Carrefour boycott removed. In the days prior to the planned boycott, evidence of efforts by Taiwanese authorities to choke the mass boycott's efforts online became even more evident, including barring searches of words related to the French protests, but protests broke out nonetheless in front of Carrefour's stores at Beijing, Changsha, Fuzhou and Shenyang on May 1. | What day did protests occur in front of Carrefour stores? | {
"text": [
"May 1."
],
"answer_start": [
953
]
} |
56d98b11dc89441400fdb534 | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | In Japan, the Mayor of Nagano, Shoichi Washizawa said that it has become a "great nuisance" for the city to host the torch relay prior to the Nagano leg. Washizawa's aides said the mayor's remark was not criticism about the relay itself but about the possible disruptions and confusion surrounding it. A city employee of the Nagano City Office ridiculed the protests in Europe, he said "They are doing something foolish", in a televised interview. Nagano City officially apologized later and explained what he had wanted to say was "Such violent protests were not easy to accept". Also citing concerns about protests as well as the recent violence in Tibet, a major Buddhist temple in Nagano cancelled its plans to host the opening stage of the Olympic torch relay, this temple was vandalised by an un-identified person the day after in apparent revenge, | Who was the mayor of Nagano? | {
"text": [
"Shoichi Washizawa"
],
"answer_start": [
31
]
} |
56d98b11dc89441400fdb535 | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | In Japan, the Mayor of Nagano, Shoichi Washizawa said that it has become a "great nuisance" for the city to host the torch relay prior to the Nagano leg. Washizawa's aides said the mayor's remark was not criticism about the relay itself but about the possible disruptions and confusion surrounding it. A city employee of the Nagano City Office ridiculed the protests in Europe, he said "They are doing something foolish", in a televised interview. Nagano City officially apologized later and explained what he had wanted to say was "Such violent protests were not easy to accept". Also citing concerns about protests as well as the recent violence in Tibet, a major Buddhist temple in Nagano cancelled its plans to host the opening stage of the Olympic torch relay, this temple was vandalised by an un-identified person the day after in apparent revenge, | How did Washizawa refer to the city having the torch relay? | {
"text": [
"great nuisance"
],
"answer_start": [
76
]
} |
56d98b11dc89441400fdb536 | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | In Japan, the Mayor of Nagano, Shoichi Washizawa said that it has become a "great nuisance" for the city to host the torch relay prior to the Nagano leg. Washizawa's aides said the mayor's remark was not criticism about the relay itself but about the possible disruptions and confusion surrounding it. A city employee of the Nagano City Office ridiculed the protests in Europe, he said "They are doing something foolish", in a televised interview. Nagano City officially apologized later and explained what he had wanted to say was "Such violent protests were not easy to accept". Also citing concerns about protests as well as the recent violence in Tibet, a major Buddhist temple in Nagano cancelled its plans to host the opening stage of the Olympic torch relay, this temple was vandalised by an un-identified person the day after in apparent revenge, | What was vandalized after a relay event was cancelled there? | {
"text": [
"a major Buddhist temple"
],
"answer_start": [
659
]
} |
56db7c94e7c41114004b51a5 | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | In Japan, the Mayor of Nagano, Shoichi Washizawa said that it has become a "great nuisance" for the city to host the torch relay prior to the Nagano leg. Washizawa's aides said the mayor's remark was not criticism about the relay itself but about the possible disruptions and confusion surrounding it. A city employee of the Nagano City Office ridiculed the protests in Europe, he said "They are doing something foolish", in a televised interview. Nagano City officially apologized later and explained what he had wanted to say was "Such violent protests were not easy to accept". Also citing concerns about protests as well as the recent violence in Tibet, a major Buddhist temple in Nagano cancelled its plans to host the opening stage of the Olympic torch relay, this temple was vandalised by an un-identified person the day after in apparent revenge, | Who was the mayor of Nagano? | {
"text": [
"Shoichi Washizawa"
],
"answer_start": [
31
]
} |
56db7c94e7c41114004b51a6 | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | In Japan, the Mayor of Nagano, Shoichi Washizawa said that it has become a "great nuisance" for the city to host the torch relay prior to the Nagano leg. Washizawa's aides said the mayor's remark was not criticism about the relay itself but about the possible disruptions and confusion surrounding it. A city employee of the Nagano City Office ridiculed the protests in Europe, he said "They are doing something foolish", in a televised interview. Nagano City officially apologized later and explained what he had wanted to say was "Such violent protests were not easy to accept". Also citing concerns about protests as well as the recent violence in Tibet, a major Buddhist temple in Nagano cancelled its plans to host the opening stage of the Olympic torch relay, this temple was vandalised by an un-identified person the day after in apparent revenge, | What did he call the opportunity for Nagano to host the torch event? | {
"text": [
"great nuisance"
],
"answer_start": [
76
]
} |
56db7c94e7c41114004b51a7 | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | In Japan, the Mayor of Nagano, Shoichi Washizawa said that it has become a "great nuisance" for the city to host the torch relay prior to the Nagano leg. Washizawa's aides said the mayor's remark was not criticism about the relay itself but about the possible disruptions and confusion surrounding it. A city employee of the Nagano City Office ridiculed the protests in Europe, he said "They are doing something foolish", in a televised interview. Nagano City officially apologized later and explained what he had wanted to say was "Such violent protests were not easy to accept". Also citing concerns about protests as well as the recent violence in Tibet, a major Buddhist temple in Nagano cancelled its plans to host the opening stage of the Olympic torch relay, this temple was vandalised by an un-identified person the day after in apparent revenge, | Where was the inital opening ceremony to be held in Nagano? | {
"text": [
"a major Buddhist temple"
],
"answer_start": [
659
]
} |
56dafb7de7c41114004b4c03 | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | The Olympic Flame is supposed to stay lit for the whole relay. When the Torch is extinguished at night, on airplanes, in bad weather, or during protests (such as the several occasions in Paris), the Olympic Flame is kept alight in a set of 8 lanterns.[citation needed] | In what is the torch flame kept lit when the torch must be off? | {
"text": [
"lanterns."
],
"answer_start": [
244
]
} |
56dafb7de7c41114004b4c04 | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | The Olympic Flame is supposed to stay lit for the whole relay. When the Torch is extinguished at night, on airplanes, in bad weather, or during protests (such as the several occasions in Paris), the Olympic Flame is kept alight in a set of 8 lanterns.[citation needed] | The torch is put out at night, on aircraft, during storms and what else? | {
"text": [
"during protests"
],
"answer_start": [
139
]
} |
56db74fee7c41114004b5138 | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | A union planned to resist at the relay for better living conditions. Hong Kong legislator Michael Mak Kwok-fung and activist Chan Cheong, both members of the League of Social Democrats, were not allowed to enter Macau. | Who was Michael Mak Kwok-fung? | {
"text": [
"Hong Kong legislator"
],
"answer_start": [
70
]
} |
56db772fe7c41114004b515f | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | Taiwanese media have also reported on Jin Jing, whom the official Taiwanese torch relay website described as "heroic" and an "angel", whereas Western media initially gave her little mention – despite a Taiwanese claim that "Chinese Paralympic athlete Jin Jing has garnered much attention from the media". | Which athlete did the official website call an angel? | {
"text": [
"Jin Jing"
],
"answer_start": [
36
]
} |
56db772fe7c41114004b5160 | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | Taiwanese media have also reported on Jin Jing, whom the official Taiwanese torch relay website described as "heroic" and an "angel", whereas Western media initially gave her little mention – despite a Taiwanese claim that "Chinese Paralympic athlete Jin Jing has garnered much attention from the media". | Which media outlets gave Jin Jing little notice? | {
"text": [
"Western media"
],
"answer_start": [
138
]
} |
56db7a9ee7c41114004b518d | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | Two additional teams of 40 attendants each will attach_to the flame on its Mainland China route. This arrangement has however sparked several controversies. | How many additional teams will help with the Mainland China route? | {
"text": [
"Two"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
56db7a9ee7c41114004b518e | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | Two additional teams of 40 attendants each will attach_to the flame on its Mainland China route. This arrangement has however sparked several controversies. | How many members are on each of these two teams? | {
"text": [
"40"
],
"answer_start": [
24
]
} |
57332caa4776f41900660748 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | The ultimate essential legacy of Principia Mathematica is mixed. It is generally accepted that Kurt Gödel's incompleteness theorem of 1931 definitively demonstrated that for any set of axioms and inference rules proposed to encapsulate mathematics, there would in fact be some truths of mathematics which could not be deduced from them, and hence that Principia Mathematica could never achieve its aims. However, Gödel could not have come to this conclusion without Whitehead and Russell's book. In this way, Principia Mathematica's legacy might be described as its key role in disproving the possibility of achieving its own stated goals. But beyond this somewhat ironic legacy, the book popularized modern mathematical logic and drew important connections between logic, epistemology, and metaphysics. | Despite its imperfection, what are now considered valuable achievements of Principia Mathematica? | {
"text": [
"the book popularized modern mathematical logic and drew important connections between logic, epistemology, and metaphysics"
],
"answer_start": [
682
]
} |
57332caa4776f41900660744 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | The ultimate essential legacy of Principia Mathematica is mixed. It is generally accepted that Kurt Gödel's incompleteness theorem of 1931 definitively demonstrated that for any set of axioms and inference rules proposed to encapsulate mathematics, there would in fact be some truths of mathematics which could not be deduced from them, and hence that Principia Mathematica could never achieve its aims. However, Gödel could not have come to this conclusion without Whitehead and Russell's book. In this way, Principia Mathematica's legacy might be described as its key role in disproving the possibility of achieving its own stated goals. But beyond this somewhat ironic legacy, the book popularized modern mathematical logic and drew important connections between logic, epistemology, and metaphysics. | What is the general consensus of the axioms and inference rules declared in Principia Mathematica? | {
"text": [
"mixed"
],
"answer_start": [
60
]
} |
57332caa4776f41900660745 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | The ultimate essential legacy of Principia Mathematica is mixed. It is generally accepted that Kurt Gödel's incompleteness theorem of 1931 definitively demonstrated that for any set of axioms and inference rules proposed to encapsulate mathematics, there would in fact be some truths of mathematics which could not be deduced from them, and hence that Principia Mathematica could never achieve its aims. However, Gödel could not have come to this conclusion without Whitehead and Russell's book. In this way, Principia Mathematica's legacy might be described as its key role in disproving the possibility of achieving its own stated goals. But beyond this somewhat ironic legacy, the book popularized modern mathematical logic and drew important connections between logic, epistemology, and metaphysics. | Who discovered the incompleteness theorem of 1931? | {
"text": [
"Kurt Gödel"
],
"answer_start": [
97
]
} |
57332caa4776f41900660746 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | The ultimate essential legacy of Principia Mathematica is mixed. It is generally accepted that Kurt Gödel's incompleteness theorem of 1931 definitively demonstrated that for any set of axioms and inference rules proposed to encapsulate mathematics, there would in fact be some truths of mathematics which could not be deduced from them, and hence that Principia Mathematica could never achieve its aims. However, Gödel could not have come to this conclusion without Whitehead and Russell's book. In this way, Principia Mathematica's legacy might be described as its key role in disproving the possibility of achieving its own stated goals. But beyond this somewhat ironic legacy, the book popularized modern mathematical logic and drew important connections between logic, epistemology, and metaphysics. | What did the incompleteness theorem of 1931 indicate regarding Principia Mathematica? | {
"text": [
"for any set of axioms and inference rules proposed to encapsulate mathematics, there would in fact be some truths of mathematics which could not be deduced"
],
"answer_start": [
172
]
} |
57332caa4776f41900660747 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | The ultimate essential legacy of Principia Mathematica is mixed. It is generally accepted that Kurt Gödel's incompleteness theorem of 1931 definitively demonstrated that for any set of axioms and inference rules proposed to encapsulate mathematics, there would in fact be some truths of mathematics which could not be deduced from them, and hence that Principia Mathematica could never achieve its aims. However, Gödel could not have come to this conclusion without Whitehead and Russell's book. In this way, Principia Mathematica's legacy might be described as its key role in disproving the possibility of achieving its own stated goals. But beyond this somewhat ironic legacy, the book popularized modern mathematical logic and drew important connections between logic, epistemology, and metaphysics. | Why was Gödels finding ironic? | {
"text": [
"Gödel could not have come to this conclusion without Whitehead and Russell's book"
],
"answer_start": [
415
]
} |
57302ed0947a6a140053d242 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | The ultimate essential legacy of Principia Mathematica is mixed. It is generally accepted that Kurt Gödel's incompleteness theorem of 1931 definitively demonstrated that for any set of axioms and inference rules proposed to encapsulate mathematics, there would in fact be some truths of mathematics which could not be deduced from them, and hence that Principia Mathematica could never achieve its aims. However, Gödel could not have come to this conclusion without Whitehead and Russell's book. In this way, Principia Mathematica's legacy might be described as its key role in disproving the possibility of achieving its own stated goals. But beyond this somewhat ironic legacy, the book popularized modern mathematical logic and drew important connections between logic, epistemology, and metaphysics. | When was Kurt Godel's incompleteness theorem? | {
"text": [
"1931"
],
"answer_start": [
136
]
} |
57302ed0947a6a140053d243 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | The ultimate essential legacy of Principia Mathematica is mixed. It is generally accepted that Kurt Gödel's incompleteness theorem of 1931 definitively demonstrated that for any set of axioms and inference rules proposed to encapsulate mathematics, there would in fact be some truths of mathematics which could not be deduced from them, and hence that Principia Mathematica could never achieve its aims. However, Gödel could not have come to this conclusion without Whitehead and Russell's book. In this way, Principia Mathematica's legacy might be described as its key role in disproving the possibility of achieving its own stated goals. But beyond this somewhat ironic legacy, the book popularized modern mathematical logic and drew important connections between logic, epistemology, and metaphysics. | What did Kurt Godel's theorem demonstrate about axioms and the inference rules? | {
"text": [
"some truths of mathematics which could not be deduced from them"
],
"answer_start": [
274
]
} |
57302ed0947a6a140053d244 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | The ultimate essential legacy of Principia Mathematica is mixed. It is generally accepted that Kurt Gödel's incompleteness theorem of 1931 definitively demonstrated that for any set of axioms and inference rules proposed to encapsulate mathematics, there would in fact be some truths of mathematics which could not be deduced from them, and hence that Principia Mathematica could never achieve its aims. However, Gödel could not have come to this conclusion without Whitehead and Russell's book. In this way, Principia Mathematica's legacy might be described as its key role in disproving the possibility of achieving its own stated goals. But beyond this somewhat ironic legacy, the book popularized modern mathematical logic and drew important connections between logic, epistemology, and metaphysics. | Godel couldn't have come to his conclusion without what book? | {
"text": [
"Principia Mathematica"
],
"answer_start": [
511
]
} |
57302ed0947a6a140053d245 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | The ultimate essential legacy of Principia Mathematica is mixed. It is generally accepted that Kurt Gödel's incompleteness theorem of 1931 definitively demonstrated that for any set of axioms and inference rules proposed to encapsulate mathematics, there would in fact be some truths of mathematics which could not be deduced from them, and hence that Principia Mathematica could never achieve its aims. However, Gödel could not have come to this conclusion without Whitehead and Russell's book. In this way, Principia Mathematica's legacy might be described as its key role in disproving the possibility of achieving its own stated goals. But beyond this somewhat ironic legacy, the book popularized modern mathematical logic and drew important connections between logic, epistemology, and metaphysics. | Besides logic and epistemology, what else did Principia Mathematica connect? | {
"text": [
"metaphysics"
],
"answer_start": [
793
]
} |
57332e96d058e614000b576e | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Whitehead's most complete work on education is the 1929 book The Aims of Education and other Essays, which collected numerous essays and addresses by Whitehead on the subject published between 1912 and 1927. The essay from which Aims of Education derived its name was delivered as an address in 1916 when Whitehead was president of the London Branch of the Mathematical Association. In it, he cautioned against the teaching of what he called "inert ideas" – ideas that are disconnected scraps of information, with no application to real life or culture. He opined that "education with inert ideas is not only useless: it is, above all things, harmful." | What is the origin of the title of the book? | {
"text": [
"The essay from which Aims of Education derived its name was delivered as an address in 1916"
],
"answer_start": [
208
]
} |
57332e96d058e614000b576f | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Whitehead's most complete work on education is the 1929 book The Aims of Education and other Essays, which collected numerous essays and addresses by Whitehead on the subject published between 1912 and 1927. The essay from which Aims of Education derived its name was delivered as an address in 1916 when Whitehead was president of the London Branch of the Mathematical Association. In it, he cautioned against the teaching of what he called "inert ideas" – ideas that are disconnected scraps of information, with no application to real life or culture. He opined that "education with inert ideas is not only useless: it is, above all things, harmful." | How did Whitehead define "inert ideas"? | {
"text": [
"ideas that are disconnected scraps of information, with no application to real life or culture"
],
"answer_start": [
458
]
} |
57332e96d058e614000b5770 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Whitehead's most complete work on education is the 1929 book The Aims of Education and other Essays, which collected numerous essays and addresses by Whitehead on the subject published between 1912 and 1927. The essay from which Aims of Education derived its name was delivered as an address in 1916 when Whitehead was president of the London Branch of the Mathematical Association. In it, he cautioned against the teaching of what he called "inert ideas" – ideas that are disconnected scraps of information, with no application to real life or culture. He opined that "education with inert ideas is not only useless: it is, above all things, harmful." | What was Whitehead's criticism of the use of inert ideas in education? | {
"text": [
"\"education with inert ideas is not only useless: it is, above all things, harmful.\""
],
"answer_start": [
569
]
} |
57332e96d058e614000b576c | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Whitehead's most complete work on education is the 1929 book The Aims of Education and other Essays, which collected numerous essays and addresses by Whitehead on the subject published between 1912 and 1927. The essay from which Aims of Education derived its name was delivered as an address in 1916 when Whitehead was president of the London Branch of the Mathematical Association. In it, he cautioned against the teaching of what he called "inert ideas" – ideas that are disconnected scraps of information, with no application to real life or culture. He opined that "education with inert ideas is not only useless: it is, above all things, harmful." | When was "The Aims of Education and Other Essays" published? | {
"text": [
"1929"
],
"answer_start": [
51
]
} |
57332e96d058e614000b576d | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Whitehead's most complete work on education is the 1929 book The Aims of Education and other Essays, which collected numerous essays and addresses by Whitehead on the subject published between 1912 and 1927. The essay from which Aims of Education derived its name was delivered as an address in 1916 when Whitehead was president of the London Branch of the Mathematical Association. In it, he cautioned against the teaching of what he called "inert ideas" – ideas that are disconnected scraps of information, with no application to real life or culture. He opined that "education with inert ideas is not only useless: it is, above all things, harmful." | During what periods of time were the essays and address contained in "The Aims of Education and Other Essays" composed? | {
"text": [
"between 1912 and 1927"
],
"answer_start": [
185
]
} |
5730303c04bcaa1900d7731b | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Whitehead's most complete work on education is the 1929 book The Aims of Education and other Essays, which collected numerous essays and addresses by Whitehead on the subject published between 1912 and 1927. The essay from which Aims of Education derived its name was delivered as an address in 1916 when Whitehead was president of the London Branch of the Mathematical Association. In it, he cautioned against the teaching of what he called "inert ideas" – ideas that are disconnected scraps of information, with no application to real life or culture. He opined that "education with inert ideas is not only useless: it is, above all things, harmful." | What year was The Aims of Education and Other Essays published? | {
"text": [
"1929"
],
"answer_start": [
51
]
} |
5730303c04bcaa1900d7731c | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Whitehead's most complete work on education is the 1929 book The Aims of Education and other Essays, which collected numerous essays and addresses by Whitehead on the subject published between 1912 and 1927. The essay from which Aims of Education derived its name was delivered as an address in 1916 when Whitehead was president of the London Branch of the Mathematical Association. In it, he cautioned against the teaching of what he called "inert ideas" – ideas that are disconnected scraps of information, with no application to real life or culture. He opined that "education with inert ideas is not only useless: it is, above all things, harmful." | What was the Aims of Education and Other Essays comprised of? | {
"text": [
"numerous essays and addresses"
],
"answer_start": [
117
]
} |
5730303c04bcaa1900d7731d | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Whitehead's most complete work on education is the 1929 book The Aims of Education and other Essays, which collected numerous essays and addresses by Whitehead on the subject published between 1912 and 1927. The essay from which Aims of Education derived its name was delivered as an address in 1916 when Whitehead was president of the London Branch of the Mathematical Association. In it, he cautioned against the teaching of what he called "inert ideas" – ideas that are disconnected scraps of information, with no application to real life or culture. He opined that "education with inert ideas is not only useless: it is, above all things, harmful." | What teaching did Whitehead caution against teaching? | {
"text": [
"inert ideas"
],
"answer_start": [
443
]
} |
573330eb4776f41900660762 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Rather than learn small parts of a large number of subjects, Whitehead advocated teaching a relatively few important concepts that the student could organically link to many different areas of knowledge, discovering their application in actual life. For Whitehead, education should be the exact opposite of the multidisciplinary, value-free school model – it should be transdisciplinary, and laden with values and general principles that provide students with a bedrock of wisdom and help them to make connections between areas of knowledge that are usually regarded as separate. | What did Whitehead believe regarding the variety of subjects in education? | {
"text": [
"Whitehead advocated teaching a relatively few important concepts"
],
"answer_start": [
61
]
} |
573330eb4776f41900660763 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Rather than learn small parts of a large number of subjects, Whitehead advocated teaching a relatively few important concepts that the student could organically link to many different areas of knowledge, discovering their application in actual life. For Whitehead, education should be the exact opposite of the multidisciplinary, value-free school model – it should be transdisciplinary, and laden with values and general principles that provide students with a bedrock of wisdom and help them to make connections between areas of knowledge that are usually regarded as separate. | How did Whitehead propose that students would expand their knowledge beyond the subjects taught in school? | {
"text": [
"important concepts that the student could organically link to many different areas of knowledge, discovering their application in actual life"
],
"answer_start": [
107
]
} |
573330eb4776f41900660764 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Rather than learn small parts of a large number of subjects, Whitehead advocated teaching a relatively few important concepts that the student could organically link to many different areas of knowledge, discovering their application in actual life. For Whitehead, education should be the exact opposite of the multidisciplinary, value-free school model – it should be transdisciplinary, and laden with values and general principles that provide students with a bedrock of wisdom and help them to make connections between areas of knowledge that are usually regarded as separate. | What was Whitehead's general opinion of what the school model should be? | {
"text": [
"For Whitehead, education should be the exact opposite of the multidisciplinary, value-free school model"
],
"answer_start": [
250
]
} |
573330eb4776f41900660765 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Rather than learn small parts of a large number of subjects, Whitehead advocated teaching a relatively few important concepts that the student could organically link to many different areas of knowledge, discovering their application in actual life. For Whitehead, education should be the exact opposite of the multidisciplinary, value-free school model – it should be transdisciplinary, and laden with values and general principles that provide students with a bedrock of wisdom and help them to make connections between areas of knowledge that are usually regarded as separate. | What was Whitehead's opinion on the inclusion of values and general principles in education? | {
"text": [
"it should be transdisciplinary, and laden with values and general principles that provide students with a bedrock of wisdom"
],
"answer_start": [
356
]
} |
57303159a23a5019007fcf51 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Rather than learn small parts of a large number of subjects, Whitehead advocated teaching a relatively few important concepts that the student could organically link to many different areas of knowledge, discovering their application in actual life. For Whitehead, education should be the exact opposite of the multidisciplinary, value-free school model – it should be transdisciplinary, and laden with values and general principles that provide students with a bedrock of wisdom and help them to make connections between areas of knowledge that are usually regarded as separate. | Whitehead's education style was to teach what? | {
"text": [
"a relatively few important concepts"
],
"answer_start": [
90
]
} |
57303159a23a5019007fcf52 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Rather than learn small parts of a large number of subjects, Whitehead advocated teaching a relatively few important concepts that the student could organically link to many different areas of knowledge, discovering their application in actual life. For Whitehead, education should be the exact opposite of the multidisciplinary, value-free school model – it should be transdisciplinary, and laden with values and general principles that provide students with a bedrock of wisdom and help them to make connections between areas of knowledge that are usually regarded as separate. | What should Whitehead's students organically link due to his teaching methods? | {
"text": [
"different areas of knowledge, discovering their application in actual life."
],
"answer_start": [
174
]
} |
57303159a23a5019007fcf53 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Rather than learn small parts of a large number of subjects, Whitehead advocated teaching a relatively few important concepts that the student could organically link to many different areas of knowledge, discovering their application in actual life. For Whitehead, education should be the exact opposite of the multidisciplinary, value-free school model – it should be transdisciplinary, and laden with values and general principles that provide students with a bedrock of wisdom and help them to make connections between areas of knowledge that are usually regarded as separate. | Whitehead believed education should be the opposite of what? | {
"text": [
"value-free school model"
],
"answer_start": [
330
]
} |
573332b94776f4190066077e | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Whitehead did not get_down his career as a philosopher. In fact, he never had any formal training in philosophy beyond his undergraduate education. Early in his life he showed great interest in and respect for philosophy and metaphysics, but it is evident that he considered himself a rank amateur. In one letter to his friend and former student Bertrand Russell, after discussing whether science aimed to be explanatory or merely descriptive, he wrote: "This further question lands us in the ocean of metaphysic, onto which my profound ignorance of that science forbids me to enter." Ironically, in later life Whitehead would become one of the 20th century's foremost metaphysicians. | What was the extent of Whitehead's education in philosophy? | {
"text": [
"he never had any formal training in philosophy beyond his undergraduate education"
],
"answer_start": [
62
]
} |
573332b94776f41900660780 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Whitehead did not get_down his career as a philosopher. In fact, he never had any formal training in philosophy beyond his undergraduate education. Early in his life he showed great interest in and respect for philosophy and metaphysics, but it is evident that he considered himself a rank amateur. In one letter to his friend and former student Bertrand Russell, after discussing whether science aimed to be explanatory or merely descriptive, he wrote: "This further question lands us in the ocean of metaphysic, onto which my profound ignorance of that science forbids me to enter." Ironically, in later life Whitehead would become one of the 20th century's foremost metaphysicians. | What was Whitehead's opinion of his own knowledge of metaphysics in that correspondence? | {
"text": [
"\"This further question lands us in the ocean of metaphysic, onto which my profound ignorance of that science forbids me to enter.\""
],
"answer_start": [
451
]
} |
573332b94776f41900660781 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Whitehead did not get_down his career as a philosopher. In fact, he never had any formal training in philosophy beyond his undergraduate education. Early in his life he showed great interest in and respect for philosophy and metaphysics, but it is evident that he considered himself a rank amateur. In one letter to his friend and former student Bertrand Russell, after discussing whether science aimed to be explanatory or merely descriptive, he wrote: "This further question lands us in the ocean of metaphysic, onto which my profound ignorance of that science forbids me to enter." Ironically, in later life Whitehead would become one of the 20th century's foremost metaphysicians. | How did Whitehead eventually become regarded in the field of metaphysics? | {
"text": [
"in later life Whitehead would become one of the 20th century's foremost metaphysicians"
],
"answer_start": [
594
]
} |
573332b94776f4190066077f | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Whitehead did not get_down his career as a philosopher. In fact, he never had any formal training in philosophy beyond his undergraduate education. Early in his life he showed great interest in and respect for philosophy and metaphysics, but it is evident that he considered himself a rank amateur. In one letter to his friend and former student Bertrand Russell, after discussing whether science aimed to be explanatory or merely descriptive, he wrote: "This further question lands us in the ocean of metaphysic, onto which my profound ignorance of that science forbids me to enter." Ironically, in later life Whitehead would become one of the 20th century's foremost metaphysicians. | With what friend and former student did Whitehead correspond regarding the goals of science? | {
"text": [
"Bertrand Russell"
],
"answer_start": [
343
]
} |
57303233a23a5019007fcf57 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Whitehead did not get_down his career as a philosopher. In fact, he never had any formal training in philosophy beyond his undergraduate education. Early in his life he showed great interest in and respect for philosophy and metaphysics, but it is evident that he considered himself a rank amateur. In one letter to his friend and former student Bertrand Russell, after discussing whether science aimed to be explanatory or merely descriptive, he wrote: "This further question lands us in the ocean of metaphysic, onto which my profound ignorance of that science forbids me to enter." Ironically, in later life Whitehead would become one of the 20th century's foremost metaphysicians. | What is the highest Whitehead was trained in philosophy? | {
"text": [
"undergraduate"
],
"answer_start": [
120
]
} |
57303233a23a5019007fcf59 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Whitehead did not get_down his career as a philosopher. In fact, he never had any formal training in philosophy beyond his undergraduate education. Early in his life he showed great interest in and respect for philosophy and metaphysics, but it is evident that he considered himself a rank amateur. In one letter to his friend and former student Bertrand Russell, after discussing whether science aimed to be explanatory or merely descriptive, he wrote: "This further question lands us in the ocean of metaphysic, onto which my profound ignorance of that science forbids me to enter." Ironically, in later life Whitehead would become one of the 20th century's foremost metaphysicians. | What is the relationship between Whitehead and Russell? | {
"text": [
"friend and former student"
],
"answer_start": [
317
]
} |
57303233a23a5019007fcf58 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Whitehead did not get_down his career as a philosopher. In fact, he never had any formal training in philosophy beyond his undergraduate education. Early in his life he showed great interest in and respect for philosophy and metaphysics, but it is evident that he considered himself a rank amateur. In one letter to his friend and former student Bertrand Russell, after discussing whether science aimed to be explanatory or merely descriptive, he wrote: "This further question lands us in the ocean of metaphysic, onto which my profound ignorance of that science forbids me to enter." Ironically, in later life Whitehead would become one of the 20th century's foremost metaphysicians. | What did Whitehead consider himself as a philosopher? | {
"text": [
"rank amateur"
],
"answer_start": [
282
]
} |
57303233a23a5019007fcf5a | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Whitehead did not get_down his career as a philosopher. In fact, he never had any formal training in philosophy beyond his undergraduate education. Early in his life he showed great interest in and respect for philosophy and metaphysics, but it is evident that he considered himself a rank amateur. In one letter to his friend and former student Bertrand Russell, after discussing whether science aimed to be explanatory or merely descriptive, he wrote: "This further question lands us in the ocean of metaphysic, onto which my profound ignorance of that science forbids me to enter." Ironically, in later life Whitehead would become one of the 20th century's foremost metaphysicians. | What was Whitehead considered as a metaphysician? | {
"text": [
"one of the 20th century's foremost metaphysicians."
],
"answer_start": [
631
]
} |
5733349d4776f41900660790 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Whitehead was unimpressed by this objection. In the notes of one his students for a 1927 class, Whitehead was quoted as saying: "Every scientific man in order to continue his reputation has to say he dislikes metaphysics. What he means is he dislikes having his metaphysics criticized." In Whitehead's view, scientists and philosophers make metaphysical assumptions about how the universe works all the time, but such assumptions are not easily seen precisely because they remain unexamined and unquestioned. While Whitehead acknowledged that "philosophers can never hope finally to formulate these metaphysical first principles," he argued that people need to continually re-imagine their basic assumptions about how the universe works if philosophy and science are to make any real progress, even if that progress remains permanently asymptotic. For this reason Whitehead regarded metaphysical investigations as essential to both good science and good philosophy. | What quotation of Whitehead's was noted by a student in 1927? | {
"text": [
"\"Every scientific man in order to preserve his reputation has to say he dislikes metaphysics. What he means is he dislikes having his metaphysics criticized.\""
],
"answer_start": [
128
]
} |
5733349d4776f41900660791 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Whitehead was unimpressed by this objection. In the notes of one his students for a 1927 class, Whitehead was quoted as saying: "Every scientific man in order to continue his reputation has to say he dislikes metaphysics. What he means is he dislikes having his metaphysics criticized." In Whitehead's view, scientists and philosophers make metaphysical assumptions about how the universe works all the time, but such assumptions are not easily seen precisely because they remain unexamined and unquestioned. While Whitehead acknowledged that "philosophers can never hope finally to formulate these metaphysical first principles," he argued that people need to continually re-imagine their basic assumptions about how the universe works if philosophy and science are to make any real progress, even if that progress remains permanently asymptotic. For this reason Whitehead regarded metaphysical investigations as essential to both good science and good philosophy. | What was Whitehead's opinion of basic assumptions in metaphysics? | {
"text": [
"such assumptions are not easily seen precisely because they remain unexamined and unquestioned"
],
"answer_start": [
413
]
} |
5733349d4776f41900660792 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Whitehead was unimpressed by this objection. In the notes of one his students for a 1927 class, Whitehead was quoted as saying: "Every scientific man in order to continue his reputation has to say he dislikes metaphysics. What he means is he dislikes having his metaphysics criticized." In Whitehead's view, scientists and philosophers make metaphysical assumptions about how the universe works all the time, but such assumptions are not easily seen precisely because they remain unexamined and unquestioned. While Whitehead acknowledged that "philosophers can never hope finally to formulate these metaphysical first principles," he argued that people need to continually re-imagine their basic assumptions about how the universe works if philosophy and science are to make any real progress, even if that progress remains permanently asymptotic. For this reason Whitehead regarded metaphysical investigations as essential to both good science and good philosophy. | What did Whitehead feel was necessary regarding basic assumptions in metaphysics? | {
"text": [
"people need to continually re-imagine their basic assumptions about how the universe works if philosophy and science are to make any real progress"
],
"answer_start": [
646
]
} |
5733349d4776f41900660793 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Whitehead was unimpressed by this objection. In the notes of one his students for a 1927 class, Whitehead was quoted as saying: "Every scientific man in order to continue his reputation has to say he dislikes metaphysics. What he means is he dislikes having his metaphysics criticized." In Whitehead's view, scientists and philosophers make metaphysical assumptions about how the universe works all the time, but such assumptions are not easily seen precisely because they remain unexamined and unquestioned. While Whitehead acknowledged that "philosophers can never hope finally to formulate these metaphysical first principles," he argued that people need to continually re-imagine their basic assumptions about how the universe works if philosophy and science are to make any real progress, even if that progress remains permanently asymptotic. For this reason Whitehead regarded metaphysical investigations as essential to both good science and good philosophy. | What was Whitehead's opinion of metaphysical investigations? | {
"text": [
"Whitehead regarded metaphysical investigations as essential to both good science and good philosophy"
],
"answer_start": [
864
]
} |
5730938d069b53140083219d | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Whitehead was unimpressed by this objection. In the notes of one his students for a 1927 class, Whitehead was quoted as saying: "Every scientific man in order to continue his reputation has to say he dislikes metaphysics. What he means is he dislikes having his metaphysics criticized." In Whitehead's view, scientists and philosophers make metaphysical assumptions about how the universe works all the time, but such assumptions are not easily seen precisely because they remain unexamined and unquestioned. While Whitehead acknowledged that "philosophers can never hope finally to formulate these metaphysical first principles," he argued that people need to continually re-imagine their basic assumptions about how the universe works if philosophy and science are to make any real progress, even if that progress remains permanently asymptotic. For this reason Whitehead regarded metaphysical investigations as essential to both good science and good philosophy. | What do philosophers do, in Whitehead's view? | {
"text": [
"make metaphysical assumptions about how the universe works"
],
"answer_start": [
336
]
} |
5730938d069b53140083219e | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Whitehead was unimpressed by this objection. In the notes of one his students for a 1927 class, Whitehead was quoted as saying: "Every scientific man in order to continue his reputation has to say he dislikes metaphysics. What he means is he dislikes having his metaphysics criticized." In Whitehead's view, scientists and philosophers make metaphysical assumptions about how the universe works all the time, but such assumptions are not easily seen precisely because they remain unexamined and unquestioned. While Whitehead acknowledged that "philosophers can never hope finally to formulate these metaphysical first principles," he argued that people need to continually re-imagine their basic assumptions about how the universe works if philosophy and science are to make any real progress, even if that progress remains permanently asymptotic. For this reason Whitehead regarded metaphysical investigations as essential to both good science and good philosophy. | Assumptions of how the universe works are difficult to see precisely because of what? | {
"text": [
"they remain unexamined and unquestioned"
],
"answer_start": [
468
]
} |
5730938d069b53140083219f | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Whitehead was unimpressed by this objection. In the notes of one his students for a 1927 class, Whitehead was quoted as saying: "Every scientific man in order to continue his reputation has to say he dislikes metaphysics. What he means is he dislikes having his metaphysics criticized." In Whitehead's view, scientists and philosophers make metaphysical assumptions about how the universe works all the time, but such assumptions are not easily seen precisely because they remain unexamined and unquestioned. While Whitehead acknowledged that "philosophers can never hope finally to formulate these metaphysical first principles," he argued that people need to continually re-imagine their basic assumptions about how the universe works if philosophy and science are to make any real progress, even if that progress remains permanently asymptotic. For this reason Whitehead regarded metaphysical investigations as essential to both good science and good philosophy. | What did Whitehead ask people to reimagine in order for philosophy to make progress? | {
"text": [
"basic assumptions about how the universe works"
],
"answer_start": [
690
]
} |
5730938d069b5314008321a0 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Whitehead was unimpressed by this objection. In the notes of one his students for a 1927 class, Whitehead was quoted as saying: "Every scientific man in order to continue his reputation has to say he dislikes metaphysics. What he means is he dislikes having his metaphysics criticized." In Whitehead's view, scientists and philosophers make metaphysical assumptions about how the universe works all the time, but such assumptions are not easily seen precisely because they remain unexamined and unquestioned. While Whitehead acknowledged that "philosophers can never hope finally to formulate these metaphysical first principles," he argued that people need to continually re-imagine their basic assumptions about how the universe works if philosophy and science are to make any real progress, even if that progress remains permanently asymptotic. For this reason Whitehead regarded metaphysical investigations as essential to both good science and good philosophy. | What did Whitehead regard as essential to good science and good philosophy? | {
"text": [
"metaphysical investigations"
],
"answer_start": [
883
]
} |
573338734776f419006607a2 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Perhaps foremost among what Whitehead considered faulty metaphysical assumptions was the Cartesian idea that reality is fundamentally constructed of bits of matter that exist totally independently of one another, which he rejected in favor of an event-based or "process" ontology in which events are primary and are fundamentally interrelated and subordinate on one another. He also argued that the most basic elements of reality can all be regarded as experiential, indeed that everything is constituted by its experience. He used the term "experience" very broadly, so that even inanimate processes such as electron collisions are said to manifest some degree of experience. In this, he went against Descartes' separation of two different kinds of real existence, either exclusively material or else exclusively mental. Whitehead referred to his metaphysical system as "philosophy of organism", but it would become known more widely as "process philosophy." | What Cartesian concept did Whitehead believe to be erroneous? | {
"text": [
"reality is fundamentally constructed of bits of matter that exist totally independently of one another"
],
"answer_start": [
109
]
} |
573338734776f419006607a3 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Perhaps foremost among what Whitehead considered faulty metaphysical assumptions was the Cartesian idea that reality is fundamentally constructed of bits of matter that exist totally independently of one another, which he rejected in favor of an event-based or "process" ontology in which events are primary and are fundamentally interrelated and subordinate on one another. He also argued that the most basic elements of reality can all be regarded as experiential, indeed that everything is constituted by its experience. He used the term "experience" very broadly, so that even inanimate processes such as electron collisions are said to manifest some degree of experience. In this, he went against Descartes' separation of two different kinds of real existence, either exclusively material or else exclusively mental. Whitehead referred to his metaphysical system as "philosophy of organism", but it would become known more widely as "process philosophy." | What theory did Whitehead prefer to the Cartesian concept? | {
"text": [
"event-based or \"process\" ontology in which events are primary and are fundamentally interrelated and dependent on one another"
],
"answer_start": [
246
]
} |
573338734776f419006607a4 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Perhaps foremost among what Whitehead considered faulty metaphysical assumptions was the Cartesian idea that reality is fundamentally constructed of bits of matter that exist totally independently of one another, which he rejected in favor of an event-based or "process" ontology in which events are primary and are fundamentally interrelated and subordinate on one another. He also argued that the most basic elements of reality can all be regarded as experiential, indeed that everything is constituted by its experience. He used the term "experience" very broadly, so that even inanimate processes such as electron collisions are said to manifest some degree of experience. In this, he went against Descartes' separation of two different kinds of real existence, either exclusively material or else exclusively mental. Whitehead referred to his metaphysical system as "philosophy of organism", but it would become known more widely as "process philosophy." | How did whitehead define "experience"? | {
"text": [
"He used the term \"experience\" very broadly, so that even inanimate processes such as electron collisions are said to manifest some degree of experience"
],
"answer_start": [
522
]
} |
573338734776f419006607a5 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Perhaps foremost among what Whitehead considered faulty metaphysical assumptions was the Cartesian idea that reality is fundamentally constructed of bits of matter that exist totally independently of one another, which he rejected in favor of an event-based or "process" ontology in which events are primary and are fundamentally interrelated and subordinate on one another. He also argued that the most basic elements of reality can all be regarded as experiential, indeed that everything is constituted by its experience. He used the term "experience" very broadly, so that even inanimate processes such as electron collisions are said to manifest some degree of experience. In this, he went against Descartes' separation of two different kinds of real existence, either exclusively material or else exclusively mental. Whitehead referred to his metaphysical system as "philosophy of organism", but it would become known more widely as "process philosophy." | How did Descartes' distinguish types of existence? | {
"text": [
"two different kinds of real existence, either exclusively material or else exclusively mental"
],
"answer_start": [
725
]
} |
573338734776f419006607a6 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Perhaps foremost among what Whitehead considered faulty metaphysical assumptions was the Cartesian idea that reality is fundamentally constructed of bits of matter that exist totally independently of one another, which he rejected in favor of an event-based or "process" ontology in which events are primary and are fundamentally interrelated and subordinate on one another. He also argued that the most basic elements of reality can all be regarded as experiential, indeed that everything is constituted by its experience. He used the term "experience" very broadly, so that even inanimate processes such as electron collisions are said to manifest some degree of experience. In this, he went against Descartes' separation of two different kinds of real existence, either exclusively material or else exclusively mental. Whitehead referred to his metaphysical system as "philosophy of organism", but it would become known more widely as "process philosophy." | How did Whitehead identify his system of metaphysics? | {
"text": [
"\"philosophy of organism\""
],
"answer_start": [
869
]
} |
5730956e396df919000961c2 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Perhaps foremost among what Whitehead considered faulty metaphysical assumptions was the Cartesian idea that reality is fundamentally constructed of bits of matter that exist totally independently of one another, which he rejected in favor of an event-based or "process" ontology in which events are primary and are fundamentally interrelated and subordinate on one another. He also argued that the most basic elements of reality can all be regarded as experiential, indeed that everything is constituted by its experience. He used the term "experience" very broadly, so that even inanimate processes such as electron collisions are said to manifest some degree of experience. In this, he went against Descartes' separation of two different kinds of real existence, either exclusively material or else exclusively mental. Whitehead referred to his metaphysical system as "philosophy of organism", but it would become known more widely as "process philosophy." | What idea states that reality is fundamentally constructed of bits of matter? | {
"text": [
"Cartesian idea"
],
"answer_start": [
89
]
} |
5730956e396df919000961c3 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Perhaps foremost among what Whitehead considered faulty metaphysical assumptions was the Cartesian idea that reality is fundamentally constructed of bits of matter that exist totally independently of one another, which he rejected in favor of an event-based or "process" ontology in which events are primary and are fundamentally interrelated and subordinate on one another. He also argued that the most basic elements of reality can all be regarded as experiential, indeed that everything is constituted by its experience. He used the term "experience" very broadly, so that even inanimate processes such as electron collisions are said to manifest some degree of experience. In this, he went against Descartes' separation of two different kinds of real existence, either exclusively material or else exclusively mental. Whitehead referred to his metaphysical system as "philosophy of organism", but it would become known more widely as "process philosophy." | Whitehead rejected the Cartesian idea in favor of what? | {
"text": [
"an event-based or \"process\" ontology"
],
"answer_start": [
243
]
} |
5730956e396df919000961c4 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Perhaps foremost among what Whitehead considered faulty metaphysical assumptions was the Cartesian idea that reality is fundamentally constructed of bits of matter that exist totally independently of one another, which he rejected in favor of an event-based or "process" ontology in which events are primary and are fundamentally interrelated and subordinate on one another. He also argued that the most basic elements of reality can all be regarded as experiential, indeed that everything is constituted by its experience. He used the term "experience" very broadly, so that even inanimate processes such as electron collisions are said to manifest some degree of experience. In this, he went against Descartes' separation of two different kinds of real existence, either exclusively material or else exclusively mental. Whitehead referred to his metaphysical system as "philosophy of organism", but it would become known more widely as "process philosophy." | Whitehead believed instead of matter existing independently of each other, it did what? | {
"text": [
"interrelated and dependent"
],
"answer_start": [
330
]
} |
5730956e396df919000961c5 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Perhaps foremost among what Whitehead considered faulty metaphysical assumptions was the Cartesian idea that reality is fundamentally constructed of bits of matter that exist totally independently of one another, which he rejected in favor of an event-based or "process" ontology in which events are primary and are fundamentally interrelated and subordinate on one another. He also argued that the most basic elements of reality can all be regarded as experiential, indeed that everything is constituted by its experience. He used the term "experience" very broadly, so that even inanimate processes such as electron collisions are said to manifest some degree of experience. In this, he went against Descartes' separation of two different kinds of real existence, either exclusively material or else exclusively mental. Whitehead referred to his metaphysical system as "philosophy of organism", but it would become known more widely as "process philosophy." | Whitehead believed that reality should be regarded as what? | {
"text": [
"experiential"
],
"answer_start": [
451
]
} |
5730956e396df919000961c6 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Perhaps foremost among what Whitehead considered faulty metaphysical assumptions was the Cartesian idea that reality is fundamentally constructed of bits of matter that exist totally independently of one another, which he rejected in favor of an event-based or "process" ontology in which events are primary and are fundamentally interrelated and subordinate on one another. He also argued that the most basic elements of reality can all be regarded as experiential, indeed that everything is constituted by its experience. He used the term "experience" very broadly, so that even inanimate processes such as electron collisions are said to manifest some degree of experience. In this, he went against Descartes' separation of two different kinds of real existence, either exclusively material or else exclusively mental. Whitehead referred to his metaphysical system as "philosophy of organism", but it would become known more widely as "process philosophy." | Whitehead's system as "philosophy of organism" became widely known as what term? | {
"text": [
"process philosophy"
],
"answer_start": [
937
]
} |
57333fbad058e614000b57d6 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | In Whitehead's view, then, concepts such as "quality", "matter", and "form" are problematic. These "classical" concepts fail to adequately account for change, and overlook the active and experiential nature of the most basic elements of the world. They are useful abstractions, but are not the world's basic building blocks. What is ordinarily conceived of as a single person, for instance, is philosophically described as a continuum of overlapping events. After all, people change all the time, if only because they have aged by another second and had some further experience. These occasions of experience are logically distinct, but are progressively connected in what Whitehead calls a "society" of events. By assuming that enduring objects are the most real and fundamental things in the universe, materialists have mistaken the abstract for the concrete (what Whitehead calls the "fallacy of misplaced concreteness"). | How did Whitehead define the "fallacy of misplaced concreteness"? | {
"text": [
"By assuming that enduring objects are the most real and fundamental things in the universe, materialists have mistaken the abstract for the concrete"
],
"answer_start": [
712
]
} |
57333fbad058e614000b57d2 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | In Whitehead's view, then, concepts such as "quality", "matter", and "form" are problematic. These "classical" concepts fail to adequately account for change, and overlook the active and experiential nature of the most basic elements of the world. They are useful abstractions, but are not the world's basic building blocks. What is ordinarily conceived of as a single person, for instance, is philosophically described as a continuum of overlapping events. After all, people change all the time, if only because they have aged by another second and had some further experience. These occasions of experience are logically distinct, but are progressively connected in what Whitehead calls a "society" of events. By assuming that enduring objects are the most real and fundamental things in the universe, materialists have mistaken the abstract for the concrete (what Whitehead calls the "fallacy of misplaced concreteness"). | What basic concepts did Whitehead believe were questionable? | {
"text": [
"\"quality\", \"matter\", and \"form\""
],
"answer_start": [
44
]
} |
57333fbad058e614000b57d3 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | In Whitehead's view, then, concepts such as "quality", "matter", and "form" are problematic. These "classical" concepts fail to adequately account for change, and overlook the active and experiential nature of the most basic elements of the world. They are useful abstractions, but are not the world's basic building blocks. What is ordinarily conceived of as a single person, for instance, is philosophically described as a continuum of overlapping events. After all, people change all the time, if only because they have aged by another second and had some further experience. These occasions of experience are logically distinct, but are progressively connected in what Whitehead calls a "society" of events. By assuming that enduring objects are the most real and fundamental things in the universe, materialists have mistaken the abstract for the concrete (what Whitehead calls the "fallacy of misplaced concreteness"). | Why did he believe those concepts were inaccurate? | {
"text": [
"These \"classical\" concepts fail to adequately account for change, and overlook the active and experiential nature of the most basic elements of the world."
],
"answer_start": [
93
]
} |
57333fbad058e614000b57d4 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | In Whitehead's view, then, concepts such as "quality", "matter", and "form" are problematic. These "classical" concepts fail to adequately account for change, and overlook the active and experiential nature of the most basic elements of the world. They are useful abstractions, but are not the world's basic building blocks. What is ordinarily conceived of as a single person, for instance, is philosophically described as a continuum of overlapping events. After all, people change all the time, if only because they have aged by another second and had some further experience. These occasions of experience are logically distinct, but are progressively connected in what Whitehead calls a "society" of events. By assuming that enduring objects are the most real and fundamental things in the universe, materialists have mistaken the abstract for the concrete (what Whitehead calls the "fallacy of misplaced concreteness"). | How did Whitehead classify what is usually seen as an individual person? | {
"text": [
"a continuum of overlapping events"
],
"answer_start": [
423
]
} |
57333fbad058e614000b57d5 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | In Whitehead's view, then, concepts such as "quality", "matter", and "form" are problematic. These "classical" concepts fail to adequately account for change, and overlook the active and experiential nature of the most basic elements of the world. They are useful abstractions, but are not the world's basic building blocks. What is ordinarily conceived of as a single person, for instance, is philosophically described as a continuum of overlapping events. After all, people change all the time, if only because they have aged by another second and had some further experience. These occasions of experience are logically distinct, but are progressively connected in what Whitehead calls a "society" of events. By assuming that enduring objects are the most real and fundamental things in the universe, materialists have mistaken the abstract for the concrete (what Whitehead calls the "fallacy of misplaced concreteness"). | How did Whitehead refer to the combination of a person's separate experiences? | {
"text": [
"a \"society\" of events"
],
"answer_start": [
689
]
} |
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