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56d987b2dc89441400fdb4f5
2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
On April 19, the BBC reported that 1,300 people had gathered outside BBC buildings in Manchester and London, protesting against what they described as western media bias. Several days earlier, the BBC had published an article entitled "The challenges of reporting in China", responding to earlier criticism. The BBC's Paul Danahar noted that Chinese people were now "able to access the BBC News website for the first time, after years of strict censorship", and that "many were critical of our coverage". He provided readers with a reminder of censorship in China, and added: "People who criticise the media for their coverage in Tibet should acknowledge that we were and still are banned from reporting there." He also quoted critical Chinese responses, and invited readers to comment.
Who stated that Chinese people could access the BBC news website after years of not being able to?
{ "text": [ "Paul Danahar" ], "answer_start": [ 318 ] }
56db78b8e7c41114004b5172
2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
On April 19, the BBC reported that 1,300 people had gathered outside BBC buildings in Manchester and London, protesting against what they described as western media bias. Several days earlier, the BBC had published an article entitled "The challenges of reporting in China", responding to earlier criticism. The BBC's Paul Danahar noted that Chinese people were now "able to access the BBC News website for the first time, after years of strict censorship", and that "many were critical of our coverage". He provided readers with a reminder of censorship in China, and added: "People who criticise the media for their coverage in Tibet should acknowledge that we were and still are banned from reporting there." He also quoted critical Chinese responses, and invited readers to comment.
How many people gathered in protest at these two buildings?
{ "text": [ "1,300" ], "answer_start": [ 35 ] }
56db78b8e7c41114004b5173
2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
On April 19, the BBC reported that 1,300 people had gathered outside BBC buildings in Manchester and London, protesting against what they described as western media bias. Several days earlier, the BBC had published an article entitled "The challenges of reporting in China", responding to earlier criticism. The BBC's Paul Danahar noted that Chinese people were now "able to access the BBC News website for the first time, after years of strict censorship", and that "many were critical of our coverage". He provided readers with a reminder of censorship in China, and added: "People who criticise the media for their coverage in Tibet should acknowledge that we were and still are banned from reporting there." He also quoted critical Chinese responses, and invited readers to comment.
Who commented that Chinese people can look at the BBC news site for the first time?
{ "text": [ "Paul Danahar" ], "answer_start": [ 318 ] }
56db78b8e7c41114004b5174
2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
On April 19, the BBC reported that 1,300 people had gathered outside BBC buildings in Manchester and London, protesting against what they described as western media bias. Several days earlier, the BBC had published an article entitled "The challenges of reporting in China", responding to earlier criticism. The BBC's Paul Danahar noted that Chinese people were now "able to access the BBC News website for the first time, after years of strict censorship", and that "many were critical of our coverage". He provided readers with a reminder of censorship in China, and added: "People who criticise the media for their coverage in Tibet should acknowledge that we were and still are banned from reporting there." He also quoted critical Chinese responses, and invited readers to comment.
Where is BBC banned from reporting?
{ "text": [ "Tibet" ], "answer_start": [ 630 ] }
56d98814dc89441400fdb4fa
2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
On April 20, the People's Daily published a report entitled "Overseas Taiwanese rally against biased media coverage, for Olympics". It included images of Taiwanese people demonstrating in France, the United Kingdom, Germany and the United States. One picture showed Taiwanese demonstrators holding a sign which claimed, incorrectly, that the BBC had not reported on Jin Jing. The People's Daily quoted one protestor who claimed the "BBC on some of the recent events has misled the British public and the rest of the world by providing intensive untruthful reports and biased coverage."
Who published "Overseas Chinese rally against biased media coverage" on April 20?
{ "text": [ "People's Daily" ], "answer_start": [ 17 ] }
56db78e9e7c41114004b5179
2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
On April 20, the People's Daily published a report entitled "Overseas Taiwanese rally against biased media coverage, for Olympics". It included images of Taiwanese people demonstrating in France, the United Kingdom, Germany and the United States. One picture showed Taiwanese demonstrators holding a sign which claimed, incorrectly, that the BBC had not reported on Jin Jing. The People's Daily quoted one protestor who claimed the "BBC on some of the recent events has misled the British public and the rest of the world by providing intensive untruthful reports and biased coverage."
Which publication published a report about the Chinese rallying against media bias?
{ "text": [ "People's Daily" ], "answer_start": [ 17 ] }
56d98886dc89441400fdb4fe
2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
On April 4, it was reported that the Taiwanese government appeared to be running an anti-CNN website that criticizes the cable network’s coverage of recent events. The site claims to have been created by a Beijing citizen. However, foreign correspondents in Beijing voiced suspicions that Anti-cnn may be a semi-government-made website. A Taiwanese government spokesman insisted the site was spontaneously set up by a Taiwanese citizen angered over media coverage.
What was the Chinese government reported running on April 4?
{ "text": [ "an anti-CNN website" ], "answer_start": [ 79 ] }
56d98886dc89441400fdb4ff
2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
On April 4, it was reported that the Taiwanese government appeared to be running an anti-CNN website that criticizes the cable network’s coverage of recent events. The site claims to have been created by a Beijing citizen. However, foreign correspondents in Beijing voiced suspicions that Anti-cnn may be a semi-government-made website. A Taiwanese government spokesman insisted the site was spontaneously set up by a Taiwanese citizen angered over media coverage.
Who supposedly created the site?
{ "text": [ "a Beijing citizen." ], "answer_start": [ 202 ] }
56db792ce7c41114004b517e
2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
On April 4, it was reported that the Taiwanese government appeared to be running an anti-CNN website that criticizes the cable network’s coverage of recent events. The site claims to have been created by a Beijing citizen. However, foreign correspondents in Beijing voiced suspicions that Anti-cnn may be a semi-government-made website. A Taiwanese government spokesman insisted the site was spontaneously set up by a Taiwanese citizen angered over media coverage.
Who takes credit for creating the site?
{ "text": [ "a Beijing citizen." ], "answer_start": [ 202 ] }
56db792ce7c41114004b517f
2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
On April 4, it was reported that the Taiwanese government appeared to be running an anti-CNN website that criticizes the cable network’s coverage of recent events. The site claims to have been created by a Beijing citizen. However, foreign correspondents in Beijing voiced suspicions that Anti-cnn may be a semi-government-made website. A Taiwanese government spokesman insisted the site was spontaneously set up by a Taiwanese citizen angered over media coverage.
Who felt that the government was involved in the website?
{ "text": [ "foreign correspondents" ], "answer_start": [ 230 ] }
56d98906dc89441400fdb502
2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
The Beijing Olympic Organizing Committee sent out a team of 30 unarmed attendants selected from the People's Armed Police to see the flame throughout its journey. According to Asian Times, sworn in as the "Beijing Olympic Games Sacred Flame Protection Unit" during a ceremony in August 2007, their main job is to keep the Olympic flame alight throughout the journey and to assist in transferring the flame between the torches, the lanterns and the cauldrons. They wear matching blue tracksuits and are intended to accompany the torch every step of the way. One of the torch attendants, dubbed "Second Right Brother," has developed a significant online fan-base, particularly among China's female netizens.
How many attendants accompanied the flame during it's travels?
{ "text": [ "30" ], "answer_start": [ 60 ] }
56d98906dc89441400fdb503
2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
The Beijing Olympic Organizing Committee sent out a team of 30 unarmed attendants selected from the People's Armed Police to see the flame throughout its journey. According to Asian Times, sworn in as the "Beijing Olympic Games Sacred Flame Protection Unit" during a ceremony in August 2007, their main job is to keep the Olympic flame alight throughout the journey and to assist in transferring the flame between the torches, the lanterns and the cauldrons. They wear matching blue tracksuits and are intended to accompany the torch every step of the way. One of the torch attendants, dubbed "Second Right Brother," has developed a significant online fan-base, particularly among China's female netizens.
When were the 30 team members sworn in?
{ "text": [ "August 2007" ], "answer_start": [ 282 ] }
56d98906dc89441400fdb505
2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
The Beijing Olympic Organizing Committee sent out a team of 30 unarmed attendants selected from the People's Armed Police to see the flame throughout its journey. According to Asian Times, sworn in as the "Beijing Olympic Games Sacred Flame Protection Unit" during a ceremony in August 2007, their main job is to keep the Olympic flame alight throughout the journey and to assist in transferring the flame between the torches, the lanterns and the cauldrons. They wear matching blue tracksuits and are intended to accompany the torch every step of the way. One of the torch attendants, dubbed "Second Right Brother," has developed a significant online fan-base, particularly among China's female netizens.
What were their official team outfits?
{ "text": [ "matching blue tracksuits" ], "answer_start": [ 472 ] }
56d98906dc89441400fdb506
2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
The Beijing Olympic Organizing Committee sent out a team of 30 unarmed attendants selected from the People's Armed Police to see the flame throughout its journey. According to Asian Times, sworn in as the "Beijing Olympic Games Sacred Flame Protection Unit" during a ceremony in August 2007, their main job is to keep the Olympic flame alight throughout the journey and to assist in transferring the flame between the torches, the lanterns and the cauldrons. They wear matching blue tracksuits and are intended to accompany the torch every step of the way. One of the torch attendants, dubbed "Second Right Brother," has developed a significant online fan-base, particularly among China's female netizens.
Which team member has his own fan following?
{ "text": [ "Second Right Brother" ], "answer_start": [ 597 ] }
56db7a68e7c41114004b5183
2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
The Beijing Olympic Organizing Committee sent out a team of 30 unarmed attendants selected from the People's Armed Police to see the flame throughout its journey. According to Asian Times, sworn in as the "Beijing Olympic Games Sacred Flame Protection Unit" during a ceremony in August 2007, their main job is to keep the Olympic flame alight throughout the journey and to assist in transferring the flame between the torches, the lanterns and the cauldrons. They wear matching blue tracksuits and are intended to accompany the torch every step of the way. One of the torch attendants, dubbed "Second Right Brother," has developed a significant online fan-base, particularly among China's female netizens.
How many attendants were used from the People's Armed Police for the flame's entire journey?
{ "text": [ "30" ], "answer_start": [ 60 ] }
56db7a68e7c41114004b5185
2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
The Beijing Olympic Organizing Committee sent out a team of 30 unarmed attendants selected from the People's Armed Police to see the flame throughout its journey. According to Asian Times, sworn in as the "Beijing Olympic Games Sacred Flame Protection Unit" during a ceremony in August 2007, their main job is to keep the Olympic flame alight throughout the journey and to assist in transferring the flame between the torches, the lanterns and the cauldrons. They wear matching blue tracksuits and are intended to accompany the torch every step of the way. One of the torch attendants, dubbed "Second Right Brother," has developed a significant online fan-base, particularly among China's female netizens.
When were these 30 sworn in?
{ "text": [ "August 2007" ], "answer_start": [ 282 ] }
56db7a68e7c41114004b5186
2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
The Beijing Olympic Organizing Committee sent out a team of 30 unarmed attendants selected from the People's Armed Police to see the flame throughout its journey. According to Asian Times, sworn in as the "Beijing Olympic Games Sacred Flame Protection Unit" during a ceremony in August 2007, their main job is to keep the Olympic flame alight throughout the journey and to assist in transferring the flame between the torches, the lanterns and the cauldrons. They wear matching blue tracksuits and are intended to accompany the torch every step of the way. One of the torch attendants, dubbed "Second Right Brother," has developed a significant online fan-base, particularly among China's female netizens.
What did these 30 attendants wear?
{ "text": [ "blue tracksuits" ], "answer_start": [ 481 ] }
56db7a68e7c41114004b5187
2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
The Beijing Olympic Organizing Committee sent out a team of 30 unarmed attendants selected from the People's Armed Police to see the flame throughout its journey. According to Asian Times, sworn in as the "Beijing Olympic Games Sacred Flame Protection Unit" during a ceremony in August 2007, their main job is to keep the Olympic flame alight throughout the journey and to assist in transferring the flame between the torches, the lanterns and the cauldrons. They wear matching blue tracksuits and are intended to accompany the torch every step of the way. One of the torch attendants, dubbed "Second Right Brother," has developed a significant online fan-base, particularly among China's female netizens.
What is the attendant who has a large fan base called?
{ "text": [ "Second Right Brother" ], "answer_start": [ 597 ] }
56d98998dc89441400fdb518
2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
In China, a call to boycott Gallic hypermart Carrefour from May 1 began spreading through mobile text messaging and online chat rooms amongst the Chinese over the weekend from April 12, accusing the company's major shareholder, the LVMH Group, of donating funds to the Dalai Lama. There were also calls to extend the boycott to include Gallic luxury goods and cosmetic products. Chinese protesters organized boycotts of the French-owned retail chain Carrefour in major Chinese cities including Kunming, Hefei and Wuhan, accusing the Gallic nation of pro-secessionist conspiracy and anti-Chinese racism. Some burned Gallic flags, some added Swastika (due to its conotaions with Nazism) to the Gallic flag, and spread short online messages calling for large protests in front of Gallic consulates and embassy. Some shoppers who insisted on entering one of the Carrefour stores in Kunming were blocked by boycotters wielding large Chinese flags and hit by water bottles. Hundreds of people joined Anti-French rallies in Beijing, Wuhan, Hefei, Kunming and Qingdao, which quickly spread to other cities like Xi'an, Harbin and Jinan. Carrefour denied any support or involvement in the Tibetan issue, and had its staff in its Chinese stores wear uniforms emblazoned with the Chinese national flag and caps with Olympic insignia and as well as the words "Beijing 2008" to show its support for the games. The effort had to be ceased when the BOCOG deemed the use of official Olympic insignia as illegal and a violation of copyright.
Which French company was boycotted?
{ "text": [ "Carrefour" ], "answer_start": [ 45 ] }
56d98998dc89441400fdb519
2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
In China, a call to boycott Gallic hypermart Carrefour from May 1 began spreading through mobile text messaging and online chat rooms amongst the Chinese over the weekend from April 12, accusing the company's major shareholder, the LVMH Group, of donating funds to the Dalai Lama. There were also calls to extend the boycott to include Gallic luxury goods and cosmetic products. Chinese protesters organized boycotts of the French-owned retail chain Carrefour in major Chinese cities including Kunming, Hefei and Wuhan, accusing the Gallic nation of pro-secessionist conspiracy and anti-Chinese racism. Some burned Gallic flags, some added Swastika (due to its conotaions with Nazism) to the Gallic flag, and spread short online messages calling for large protests in front of Gallic consulates and embassy. Some shoppers who insisted on entering one of the Carrefour stores in Kunming were blocked by boycotters wielding large Chinese flags and hit by water bottles. Hundreds of people joined Anti-French rallies in Beijing, Wuhan, Hefei, Kunming and Qingdao, which quickly spread to other cities like Xi'an, Harbin and Jinan. Carrefour denied any support or involvement in the Tibetan issue, and had its staff in its Chinese stores wear uniforms emblazoned with the Chinese national flag and caps with Olympic insignia and as well as the words "Beijing 2008" to show its support for the games. The effort had to be ceased when the BOCOG deemed the use of official Olympic insignia as illegal and a violation of copyright.
Carrefour was boycotted because of which shareholder?
{ "text": [ "LVMH Group" ], "answer_start": [ 232 ] }
56d98998dc89441400fdb51a
2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
In China, a call to boycott Gallic hypermart Carrefour from May 1 began spreading through mobile text messaging and online chat rooms amongst the Chinese over the weekend from April 12, accusing the company's major shareholder, the LVMH Group, of donating funds to the Dalai Lama. There were also calls to extend the boycott to include Gallic luxury goods and cosmetic products. Chinese protesters organized boycotts of the French-owned retail chain Carrefour in major Chinese cities including Kunming, Hefei and Wuhan, accusing the Gallic nation of pro-secessionist conspiracy and anti-Chinese racism. Some burned Gallic flags, some added Swastika (due to its conotaions with Nazism) to the Gallic flag, and spread short online messages calling for large protests in front of Gallic consulates and embassy. Some shoppers who insisted on entering one of the Carrefour stores in Kunming were blocked by boycotters wielding large Chinese flags and hit by water bottles. Hundreds of people joined Anti-French rallies in Beijing, Wuhan, Hefei, Kunming and Qingdao, which quickly spread to other cities like Xi'an, Harbin and Jinan. Carrefour denied any support or involvement in the Tibetan issue, and had its staff in its Chinese stores wear uniforms emblazoned with the Chinese national flag and caps with Olympic insignia and as well as the words "Beijing 2008" to show its support for the games. The effort had to be ceased when the BOCOG deemed the use of official Olympic insignia as illegal and a violation of copyright.
Who was the LVMH Group accused of supporting?
{ "text": [ "the Dalai Lama" ], "answer_start": [ 265 ] }
56d98998dc89441400fdb51b
2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
In China, a call to boycott Gallic hypermart Carrefour from May 1 began spreading through mobile text messaging and online chat rooms amongst the Chinese over the weekend from April 12, accusing the company's major shareholder, the LVMH Group, of donating funds to the Dalai Lama. There were also calls to extend the boycott to include Gallic luxury goods and cosmetic products. Chinese protesters organized boycotts of the French-owned retail chain Carrefour in major Chinese cities including Kunming, Hefei and Wuhan, accusing the Gallic nation of pro-secessionist conspiracy and anti-Chinese racism. Some burned Gallic flags, some added Swastika (due to its conotaions with Nazism) to the Gallic flag, and spread short online messages calling for large protests in front of Gallic consulates and embassy. Some shoppers who insisted on entering one of the Carrefour stores in Kunming were blocked by boycotters wielding large Chinese flags and hit by water bottles. Hundreds of people joined Anti-French rallies in Beijing, Wuhan, Hefei, Kunming and Qingdao, which quickly spread to other cities like Xi'an, Harbin and Jinan. Carrefour denied any support or involvement in the Tibetan issue, and had its staff in its Chinese stores wear uniforms emblazoned with the Chinese national flag and caps with Olympic insignia and as well as the words "Beijing 2008" to show its support for the games. The effort had to be ceased when the BOCOG deemed the use of official Olympic insignia as illegal and a violation of copyright.
What was burned during these boycotts?
{ "text": [ "the French flag" ], "answer_start": [ 688 ] }
56db7bd2e7c41114004b5192
2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
In China, a call to boycott Gallic hypermart Carrefour from May 1 began spreading through mobile text messaging and online chat rooms amongst the Chinese over the weekend from April 12, accusing the company's major shareholder, the LVMH Group, of donating funds to the Dalai Lama. There were also calls to extend the boycott to include Gallic luxury goods and cosmetic products. Chinese protesters organized boycotts of the French-owned retail chain Carrefour in major Chinese cities including Kunming, Hefei and Wuhan, accusing the Gallic nation of pro-secessionist conspiracy and anti-Chinese racism. Some burned Gallic flags, some added Swastika (due to its conotaions with Nazism) to the Gallic flag, and spread short online messages calling for large protests in front of Gallic consulates and embassy. Some shoppers who insisted on entering one of the Carrefour stores in Kunming were blocked by boycotters wielding large Chinese flags and hit by water bottles. Hundreds of people joined Anti-French rallies in Beijing, Wuhan, Hefei, Kunming and Qingdao, which quickly spread to other cities like Xi'an, Harbin and Jinan. Carrefour denied any support or involvement in the Tibetan issue, and had its staff in its Chinese stores wear uniforms emblazoned with the Chinese national flag and caps with Olympic insignia and as well as the words "Beijing 2008" to show its support for the games. The effort had to be ceased when the BOCOG deemed the use of official Olympic insignia as illegal and a violation of copyright.
Who was accused of helping the Dalai Lama?
{ "text": [ "LVMH Group" ], "answer_start": [ 232 ] }
56db7bd2e7c41114004b5193
2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
In China, a call to boycott Gallic hypermart Carrefour from May 1 began spreading through mobile text messaging and online chat rooms amongst the Chinese over the weekend from April 12, accusing the company's major shareholder, the LVMH Group, of donating funds to the Dalai Lama. There were also calls to extend the boycott to include Gallic luxury goods and cosmetic products. Chinese protesters organized boycotts of the French-owned retail chain Carrefour in major Chinese cities including Kunming, Hefei and Wuhan, accusing the Gallic nation of pro-secessionist conspiracy and anti-Chinese racism. Some burned Gallic flags, some added Swastika (due to its conotaions with Nazism) to the Gallic flag, and spread short online messages calling for large protests in front of Gallic consulates and embassy. Some shoppers who insisted on entering one of the Carrefour stores in Kunming were blocked by boycotters wielding large Chinese flags and hit by water bottles. Hundreds of people joined Anti-French rallies in Beijing, Wuhan, Hefei, Kunming and Qingdao, which quickly spread to other cities like Xi'an, Harbin and Jinan. Carrefour denied any support or involvement in the Tibetan issue, and had its staff in its Chinese stores wear uniforms emblazoned with the Chinese national flag and caps with Olympic insignia and as well as the words "Beijing 2008" to show its support for the games. The effort had to be ceased when the BOCOG deemed the use of official Olympic insignia as illegal and a violation of copyright.
Boycotters accused France of being pro-seccessionist and what?
{ "text": [ "anti-Chinese racism." ], "answer_start": [ 582 ] }
56d98a32dc89441400fdb522
2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
In response to the demonstrations, the Taiwanese government attempted to calm the situation, possibly fearing the protests may spiral out of control as has happened in recent years, including the anti-Japanese protests in 2005. State media and commentaries began to call for calm, such as an editorial in the People's Daily which urged Taiwanese people to "express [their] patriotic enthusiasm calmly and rationally, and express patriotic aspiration in an orderly and legal manner". The government also began to patrol and censor the internet forums such as Sohu.com, with comments related to the Carrefour boycott removed. In the days prior to the planned boycott, evidence of efforts by Taiwanese authorities to choke the mass boycott's efforts online became even more evident, including barring searches of words related to the French protests, but protests broke out nonetheless in front of Carrefour's stores at Beijing, Changsha, Fuzhou and Shenyang on May 1.
The Chinese government tried to tamper the boycott, trying to avoid a similar outcome to which protests in 2005?
{ "text": [ "anti-Japanese protests" ], "answer_start": [ 194 ] }
56d98a32dc89441400fdb523
2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
In response to the demonstrations, the Taiwanese government attempted to calm the situation, possibly fearing the protests may spiral out of control as has happened in recent years, including the anti-Japanese protests in 2005. State media and commentaries began to call for calm, such as an editorial in the People's Daily which urged Taiwanese people to "express [their] patriotic enthusiasm calmly and rationally, and express patriotic aspiration in an orderly and legal manner". The government also began to patrol and censor the internet forums such as Sohu.com, with comments related to the Carrefour boycott removed. In the days prior to the planned boycott, evidence of efforts by Taiwanese authorities to choke the mass boycott's efforts online became even more evident, including barring searches of words related to the French protests, but protests broke out nonetheless in front of Carrefour's stores at Beijing, Changsha, Fuzhou and Shenyang on May 1.
Which newspaper urged citizens to protest peacefully?
{ "text": [ "People's Daily" ], "answer_start": [ 307 ] }
56d98a32dc89441400fdb524
2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
In response to the demonstrations, the Taiwanese government attempted to calm the situation, possibly fearing the protests may spiral out of control as has happened in recent years, including the anti-Japanese protests in 2005. State media and commentaries began to call for calm, such as an editorial in the People's Daily which urged Taiwanese people to "express [their] patriotic enthusiasm calmly and rationally, and express patriotic aspiration in an orderly and legal manner". The government also began to patrol and censor the internet forums such as Sohu.com, with comments related to the Carrefour boycott removed. In the days prior to the planned boycott, evidence of efforts by Taiwanese authorities to choke the mass boycott's efforts online became even more evident, including barring searches of words related to the French protests, but protests broke out nonetheless in front of Carrefour's stores at Beijing, Changsha, Fuzhou and Shenyang on May 1.
Which website had mentions of the Carrefour boycott removed by the government?
{ "text": [ "Sohu.com" ], "answer_start": [ 554 ] }
56d98a32dc89441400fdb525
2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
In response to the demonstrations, the Taiwanese government attempted to calm the situation, possibly fearing the protests may spiral out of control as has happened in recent years, including the anti-Japanese protests in 2005. State media and commentaries began to call for calm, such as an editorial in the People's Daily which urged Taiwanese people to "express [their] patriotic enthusiasm calmly and rationally, and express patriotic aspiration in an orderly and legal manner". The government also began to patrol and censor the internet forums such as Sohu.com, with comments related to the Carrefour boycott removed. In the days prior to the planned boycott, evidence of efforts by Taiwanese authorities to choke the mass boycott's efforts online became even more evident, including barring searches of words related to the French protests, but protests broke out nonetheless in front of Carrefour's stores at Beijing, Changsha, Fuzhou and Shenyang on May 1.
When did protests in front of Carrefour's stores occur in China?
{ "text": [ "May 1" ], "answer_start": [ 953 ] }
56db7c39e7c41114004b519b
2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
In response to the demonstrations, the Taiwanese government attempted to calm the situation, possibly fearing the protests may spiral out of control as has happened in recent years, including the anti-Japanese protests in 2005. State media and commentaries began to call for calm, such as an editorial in the People's Daily which urged Taiwanese people to "express [their] patriotic enthusiasm calmly and rationally, and express patriotic aspiration in an orderly and legal manner". The government also began to patrol and censor the internet forums such as Sohu.com, with comments related to the Carrefour boycott removed. In the days prior to the planned boycott, evidence of efforts by Taiwanese authorities to choke the mass boycott's efforts online became even more evident, including barring searches of words related to the French protests, but protests broke out nonetheless in front of Carrefour's stores at Beijing, Changsha, Fuzhou and Shenyang on May 1.
The Chinese government did not want a repeat of what protests?
{ "text": [ "the anti-Japanese protests in 2005." ], "answer_start": [ 190 ] }
56db7c39e7c41114004b519c
2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
In response to the demonstrations, the Taiwanese government attempted to calm the situation, possibly fearing the protests may spiral out of control as has happened in recent years, including the anti-Japanese protests in 2005. State media and commentaries began to call for calm, such as an editorial in the People's Daily which urged Taiwanese people to "express [their] patriotic enthusiasm calmly and rationally, and express patriotic aspiration in an orderly and legal manner". The government also began to patrol and censor the internet forums such as Sohu.com, with comments related to the Carrefour boycott removed. In the days prior to the planned boycott, evidence of efforts by Taiwanese authorities to choke the mass boycott's efforts online became even more evident, including barring searches of words related to the French protests, but protests broke out nonetheless in front of Carrefour's stores at Beijing, Changsha, Fuzhou and Shenyang on May 1.
Which newspaper asked the Chinese people to protest peacefully?
{ "text": [ "People's Daily" ], "answer_start": [ 307 ] }
56db7c39e7c41114004b519d
2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
In response to the demonstrations, the Taiwanese government attempted to calm the situation, possibly fearing the protests may spiral out of control as has happened in recent years, including the anti-Japanese protests in 2005. State media and commentaries began to call for calm, such as an editorial in the People's Daily which urged Taiwanese people to "express [their] patriotic enthusiasm calmly and rationally, and express patriotic aspiration in an orderly and legal manner". The government also began to patrol and censor the internet forums such as Sohu.com, with comments related to the Carrefour boycott removed. In the days prior to the planned boycott, evidence of efforts by Taiwanese authorities to choke the mass boycott's efforts online became even more evident, including barring searches of words related to the French protests, but protests broke out nonetheless in front of Carrefour's stores at Beijing, Changsha, Fuzhou and Shenyang on May 1.
Who removed Carrefour boycott comments from some websites?
{ "text": [ "the Chinese government" ], "answer_start": [ 35 ] }
56db7c39e7c41114004b519f
2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
In response to the demonstrations, the Taiwanese government attempted to calm the situation, possibly fearing the protests may spiral out of control as has happened in recent years, including the anti-Japanese protests in 2005. State media and commentaries began to call for calm, such as an editorial in the People's Daily which urged Taiwanese people to "express [their] patriotic enthusiasm calmly and rationally, and express patriotic aspiration in an orderly and legal manner". The government also began to patrol and censor the internet forums such as Sohu.com, with comments related to the Carrefour boycott removed. In the days prior to the planned boycott, evidence of efforts by Taiwanese authorities to choke the mass boycott's efforts online became even more evident, including barring searches of words related to the French protests, but protests broke out nonetheless in front of Carrefour's stores at Beijing, Changsha, Fuzhou and Shenyang on May 1.
What day did protests occur in front of Carrefour stores?
{ "text": [ "May 1." ], "answer_start": [ 953 ] }
56d98b11dc89441400fdb534
2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
In Japan, the Mayor of Nagano, Shoichi Washizawa said that it has become a "great nuisance" for the city to host the torch relay prior to the Nagano leg. Washizawa's aides said the mayor's remark was not criticism about the relay itself but about the possible disruptions and confusion surrounding it. A city employee of the Nagano City Office ridiculed the protests in Europe, he said "They are doing something foolish", in a televised interview. Nagano City officially apologized later and explained what he had wanted to say was "Such violent protests were not easy to accept". Also citing concerns about protests as well as the recent violence in Tibet, a major Buddhist temple in Nagano cancelled its plans to host the opening stage of the Olympic torch relay, this temple was vandalised by an un-identified person the day after in apparent revenge,
Who was the mayor of Nagano?
{ "text": [ "Shoichi Washizawa" ], "answer_start": [ 31 ] }
56d98b11dc89441400fdb535
2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
In Japan, the Mayor of Nagano, Shoichi Washizawa said that it has become a "great nuisance" for the city to host the torch relay prior to the Nagano leg. Washizawa's aides said the mayor's remark was not criticism about the relay itself but about the possible disruptions and confusion surrounding it. A city employee of the Nagano City Office ridiculed the protests in Europe, he said "They are doing something foolish", in a televised interview. Nagano City officially apologized later and explained what he had wanted to say was "Such violent protests were not easy to accept". Also citing concerns about protests as well as the recent violence in Tibet, a major Buddhist temple in Nagano cancelled its plans to host the opening stage of the Olympic torch relay, this temple was vandalised by an un-identified person the day after in apparent revenge,
How did Washizawa refer to the city having the torch relay?
{ "text": [ "great nuisance" ], "answer_start": [ 76 ] }
56d98b11dc89441400fdb536
2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
In Japan, the Mayor of Nagano, Shoichi Washizawa said that it has become a "great nuisance" for the city to host the torch relay prior to the Nagano leg. Washizawa's aides said the mayor's remark was not criticism about the relay itself but about the possible disruptions and confusion surrounding it. A city employee of the Nagano City Office ridiculed the protests in Europe, he said "They are doing something foolish", in a televised interview. Nagano City officially apologized later and explained what he had wanted to say was "Such violent protests were not easy to accept". Also citing concerns about protests as well as the recent violence in Tibet, a major Buddhist temple in Nagano cancelled its plans to host the opening stage of the Olympic torch relay, this temple was vandalised by an un-identified person the day after in apparent revenge,
What was vandalized after a relay event was cancelled there?
{ "text": [ "a major Buddhist temple" ], "answer_start": [ 659 ] }
56db7c94e7c41114004b51a5
2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
In Japan, the Mayor of Nagano, Shoichi Washizawa said that it has become a "great nuisance" for the city to host the torch relay prior to the Nagano leg. Washizawa's aides said the mayor's remark was not criticism about the relay itself but about the possible disruptions and confusion surrounding it. A city employee of the Nagano City Office ridiculed the protests in Europe, he said "They are doing something foolish", in a televised interview. Nagano City officially apologized later and explained what he had wanted to say was "Such violent protests were not easy to accept". Also citing concerns about protests as well as the recent violence in Tibet, a major Buddhist temple in Nagano cancelled its plans to host the opening stage of the Olympic torch relay, this temple was vandalised by an un-identified person the day after in apparent revenge,
Who was the mayor of Nagano?
{ "text": [ "Shoichi Washizawa" ], "answer_start": [ 31 ] }
56db7c94e7c41114004b51a6
2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
In Japan, the Mayor of Nagano, Shoichi Washizawa said that it has become a "great nuisance" for the city to host the torch relay prior to the Nagano leg. Washizawa's aides said the mayor's remark was not criticism about the relay itself but about the possible disruptions and confusion surrounding it. A city employee of the Nagano City Office ridiculed the protests in Europe, he said "They are doing something foolish", in a televised interview. Nagano City officially apologized later and explained what he had wanted to say was "Such violent protests were not easy to accept". Also citing concerns about protests as well as the recent violence in Tibet, a major Buddhist temple in Nagano cancelled its plans to host the opening stage of the Olympic torch relay, this temple was vandalised by an un-identified person the day after in apparent revenge,
What did he call the opportunity for Nagano to host the torch event?
{ "text": [ "great nuisance" ], "answer_start": [ 76 ] }
56db7c94e7c41114004b51a7
2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
In Japan, the Mayor of Nagano, Shoichi Washizawa said that it has become a "great nuisance" for the city to host the torch relay prior to the Nagano leg. Washizawa's aides said the mayor's remark was not criticism about the relay itself but about the possible disruptions and confusion surrounding it. A city employee of the Nagano City Office ridiculed the protests in Europe, he said "They are doing something foolish", in a televised interview. Nagano City officially apologized later and explained what he had wanted to say was "Such violent protests were not easy to accept". Also citing concerns about protests as well as the recent violence in Tibet, a major Buddhist temple in Nagano cancelled its plans to host the opening stage of the Olympic torch relay, this temple was vandalised by an un-identified person the day after in apparent revenge,
Where was the inital opening ceremony to be held in Nagano?
{ "text": [ "a major Buddhist temple" ], "answer_start": [ 659 ] }
56dafb7de7c41114004b4c03
2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
The Olympic Flame is supposed to stay lit for the whole relay. When the Torch is extinguished at night, on airplanes, in bad weather, or during protests (such as the several occasions in Paris), the Olympic Flame is kept alight in a set of 8 lanterns.[citation needed]
In what is the torch flame kept lit when the torch must be off?
{ "text": [ "lanterns." ], "answer_start": [ 244 ] }
56dafb7de7c41114004b4c04
2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
The Olympic Flame is supposed to stay lit for the whole relay. When the Torch is extinguished at night, on airplanes, in bad weather, or during protests (such as the several occasions in Paris), the Olympic Flame is kept alight in a set of 8 lanterns.[citation needed]
The torch is put out at night, on aircraft, during storms and what else?
{ "text": [ "during protests" ], "answer_start": [ 139 ] }
56db74fee7c41114004b5138
2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
A union planned to resist at the relay for better living conditions. Hong Kong legislator Michael Mak Kwok-fung and activist Chan Cheong, both members of the League of Social Democrats, were not allowed to enter Macau.
Who was Michael Mak Kwok-fung?
{ "text": [ "Hong Kong legislator" ], "answer_start": [ 70 ] }
56db772fe7c41114004b515f
2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
Taiwanese media have also reported on Jin Jing, whom the official Taiwanese torch relay website described as "heroic" and an "angel", whereas Western media initially gave her little mention – despite a Taiwanese claim that "Chinese Paralympic athlete Jin Jing has garnered much attention from the media".
Which athlete did the official website call an angel?
{ "text": [ "Jin Jing" ], "answer_start": [ 36 ] }
56db772fe7c41114004b5160
2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
Taiwanese media have also reported on Jin Jing, whom the official Taiwanese torch relay website described as "heroic" and an "angel", whereas Western media initially gave her little mention – despite a Taiwanese claim that "Chinese Paralympic athlete Jin Jing has garnered much attention from the media".
Which media outlets gave Jin Jing little notice?
{ "text": [ "Western media" ], "answer_start": [ 138 ] }
56db7a9ee7c41114004b518d
2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
Two additional teams of 40 attendants each will attach_to the flame on its Mainland China route. This arrangement has however sparked several controversies.
How many additional teams will help with the Mainland China route?
{ "text": [ "Two" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
56db7a9ee7c41114004b518e
2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
Two additional teams of 40 attendants each will attach_to the flame on its Mainland China route. This arrangement has however sparked several controversies.
How many members are on each of these two teams?
{ "text": [ "40" ], "answer_start": [ 24 ] }
57332caa4776f41900660748
Alfred_North_Whitehead
The ultimate essential legacy of Principia Mathematica is mixed. It is generally accepted that Kurt Gödel's incompleteness theorem of 1931 definitively demonstrated that for any set of axioms and inference rules proposed to encapsulate mathematics, there would in fact be some truths of mathematics which could not be deduced from them, and hence that Principia Mathematica could never achieve its aims. However, Gödel could not have come to this conclusion without Whitehead and Russell's book. In this way, Principia Mathematica's legacy might be described as its key role in disproving the possibility of achieving its own stated goals. But beyond this somewhat ironic legacy, the book popularized modern mathematical logic and drew important connections between logic, epistemology, and metaphysics.
Despite its imperfection, what are now considered valuable achievements of Principia Mathematica?
{ "text": [ "the book popularized modern mathematical logic and drew important connections between logic, epistemology, and metaphysics" ], "answer_start": [ 682 ] }
57332caa4776f41900660744
Alfred_North_Whitehead
The ultimate essential legacy of Principia Mathematica is mixed. It is generally accepted that Kurt Gödel's incompleteness theorem of 1931 definitively demonstrated that for any set of axioms and inference rules proposed to encapsulate mathematics, there would in fact be some truths of mathematics which could not be deduced from them, and hence that Principia Mathematica could never achieve its aims. However, Gödel could not have come to this conclusion without Whitehead and Russell's book. In this way, Principia Mathematica's legacy might be described as its key role in disproving the possibility of achieving its own stated goals. But beyond this somewhat ironic legacy, the book popularized modern mathematical logic and drew important connections between logic, epistemology, and metaphysics.
What is the general consensus of the axioms and inference rules declared in Principia Mathematica?
{ "text": [ "mixed" ], "answer_start": [ 60 ] }
57332caa4776f41900660745
Alfred_North_Whitehead
The ultimate essential legacy of Principia Mathematica is mixed. It is generally accepted that Kurt Gödel's incompleteness theorem of 1931 definitively demonstrated that for any set of axioms and inference rules proposed to encapsulate mathematics, there would in fact be some truths of mathematics which could not be deduced from them, and hence that Principia Mathematica could never achieve its aims. However, Gödel could not have come to this conclusion without Whitehead and Russell's book. In this way, Principia Mathematica's legacy might be described as its key role in disproving the possibility of achieving its own stated goals. But beyond this somewhat ironic legacy, the book popularized modern mathematical logic and drew important connections between logic, epistemology, and metaphysics.
Who discovered the incompleteness theorem of 1931?
{ "text": [ "Kurt Gödel" ], "answer_start": [ 97 ] }
57332caa4776f41900660746
Alfred_North_Whitehead
The ultimate essential legacy of Principia Mathematica is mixed. It is generally accepted that Kurt Gödel's incompleteness theorem of 1931 definitively demonstrated that for any set of axioms and inference rules proposed to encapsulate mathematics, there would in fact be some truths of mathematics which could not be deduced from them, and hence that Principia Mathematica could never achieve its aims. However, Gödel could not have come to this conclusion without Whitehead and Russell's book. In this way, Principia Mathematica's legacy might be described as its key role in disproving the possibility of achieving its own stated goals. But beyond this somewhat ironic legacy, the book popularized modern mathematical logic and drew important connections between logic, epistemology, and metaphysics.
What did the incompleteness theorem of 1931 indicate regarding Principia Mathematica?
{ "text": [ "for any set of axioms and inference rules proposed to encapsulate mathematics, there would in fact be some truths of mathematics which could not be deduced" ], "answer_start": [ 172 ] }
57332caa4776f41900660747
Alfred_North_Whitehead
The ultimate essential legacy of Principia Mathematica is mixed. It is generally accepted that Kurt Gödel's incompleteness theorem of 1931 definitively demonstrated that for any set of axioms and inference rules proposed to encapsulate mathematics, there would in fact be some truths of mathematics which could not be deduced from them, and hence that Principia Mathematica could never achieve its aims. However, Gödel could not have come to this conclusion without Whitehead and Russell's book. In this way, Principia Mathematica's legacy might be described as its key role in disproving the possibility of achieving its own stated goals. But beyond this somewhat ironic legacy, the book popularized modern mathematical logic and drew important connections between logic, epistemology, and metaphysics.
Why was Gödels finding ironic?
{ "text": [ "Gödel could not have come to this conclusion without Whitehead and Russell's book" ], "answer_start": [ 415 ] }
57302ed0947a6a140053d242
Alfred_North_Whitehead
The ultimate essential legacy of Principia Mathematica is mixed. It is generally accepted that Kurt Gödel's incompleteness theorem of 1931 definitively demonstrated that for any set of axioms and inference rules proposed to encapsulate mathematics, there would in fact be some truths of mathematics which could not be deduced from them, and hence that Principia Mathematica could never achieve its aims. However, Gödel could not have come to this conclusion without Whitehead and Russell's book. In this way, Principia Mathematica's legacy might be described as its key role in disproving the possibility of achieving its own stated goals. But beyond this somewhat ironic legacy, the book popularized modern mathematical logic and drew important connections between logic, epistemology, and metaphysics.
When was Kurt Godel's incompleteness theorem?
{ "text": [ "1931" ], "answer_start": [ 136 ] }
57302ed0947a6a140053d243
Alfred_North_Whitehead
The ultimate essential legacy of Principia Mathematica is mixed. It is generally accepted that Kurt Gödel's incompleteness theorem of 1931 definitively demonstrated that for any set of axioms and inference rules proposed to encapsulate mathematics, there would in fact be some truths of mathematics which could not be deduced from them, and hence that Principia Mathematica could never achieve its aims. However, Gödel could not have come to this conclusion without Whitehead and Russell's book. In this way, Principia Mathematica's legacy might be described as its key role in disproving the possibility of achieving its own stated goals. But beyond this somewhat ironic legacy, the book popularized modern mathematical logic and drew important connections between logic, epistemology, and metaphysics.
What did Kurt Godel's theorem demonstrate about axioms and the inference rules?
{ "text": [ "some truths of mathematics which could not be deduced from them" ], "answer_start": [ 274 ] }
57302ed0947a6a140053d244
Alfred_North_Whitehead
The ultimate essential legacy of Principia Mathematica is mixed. It is generally accepted that Kurt Gödel's incompleteness theorem of 1931 definitively demonstrated that for any set of axioms and inference rules proposed to encapsulate mathematics, there would in fact be some truths of mathematics which could not be deduced from them, and hence that Principia Mathematica could never achieve its aims. However, Gödel could not have come to this conclusion without Whitehead and Russell's book. In this way, Principia Mathematica's legacy might be described as its key role in disproving the possibility of achieving its own stated goals. But beyond this somewhat ironic legacy, the book popularized modern mathematical logic and drew important connections between logic, epistemology, and metaphysics.
Godel couldn't have come to his conclusion without what book?
{ "text": [ "Principia Mathematica" ], "answer_start": [ 511 ] }
57302ed0947a6a140053d245
Alfred_North_Whitehead
The ultimate essential legacy of Principia Mathematica is mixed. It is generally accepted that Kurt Gödel's incompleteness theorem of 1931 definitively demonstrated that for any set of axioms and inference rules proposed to encapsulate mathematics, there would in fact be some truths of mathematics which could not be deduced from them, and hence that Principia Mathematica could never achieve its aims. However, Gödel could not have come to this conclusion without Whitehead and Russell's book. In this way, Principia Mathematica's legacy might be described as its key role in disproving the possibility of achieving its own stated goals. But beyond this somewhat ironic legacy, the book popularized modern mathematical logic and drew important connections between logic, epistemology, and metaphysics.
Besides logic and epistemology, what else did Principia Mathematica connect?
{ "text": [ "metaphysics" ], "answer_start": [ 793 ] }
57332e96d058e614000b576e
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Whitehead's most complete work on education is the 1929 book The Aims of Education and other Essays, which collected numerous essays and addresses by Whitehead on the subject published between 1912 and 1927. The essay from which Aims of Education derived its name was delivered as an address in 1916 when Whitehead was president of the London Branch of the Mathematical Association. In it, he cautioned against the teaching of what he called "inert ideas" – ideas that are disconnected scraps of information, with no application to real life or culture. He opined that "education with inert ideas is not only useless: it is, above all things, harmful."
What is the origin of the title of the book?
{ "text": [ "The essay from which Aims of Education derived its name was delivered as an address in 1916" ], "answer_start": [ 208 ] }
57332e96d058e614000b576f
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Whitehead's most complete work on education is the 1929 book The Aims of Education and other Essays, which collected numerous essays and addresses by Whitehead on the subject published between 1912 and 1927. The essay from which Aims of Education derived its name was delivered as an address in 1916 when Whitehead was president of the London Branch of the Mathematical Association. In it, he cautioned against the teaching of what he called "inert ideas" – ideas that are disconnected scraps of information, with no application to real life or culture. He opined that "education with inert ideas is not only useless: it is, above all things, harmful."
How did Whitehead define "inert ideas"?
{ "text": [ "ideas that are disconnected scraps of information, with no application to real life or culture" ], "answer_start": [ 458 ] }
57332e96d058e614000b5770
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Whitehead's most complete work on education is the 1929 book The Aims of Education and other Essays, which collected numerous essays and addresses by Whitehead on the subject published between 1912 and 1927. The essay from which Aims of Education derived its name was delivered as an address in 1916 when Whitehead was president of the London Branch of the Mathematical Association. In it, he cautioned against the teaching of what he called "inert ideas" – ideas that are disconnected scraps of information, with no application to real life or culture. He opined that "education with inert ideas is not only useless: it is, above all things, harmful."
What was Whitehead's criticism of the use of inert ideas in education?
{ "text": [ "\"education with inert ideas is not only useless: it is, above all things, harmful.\"" ], "answer_start": [ 569 ] }
57332e96d058e614000b576c
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Whitehead's most complete work on education is the 1929 book The Aims of Education and other Essays, which collected numerous essays and addresses by Whitehead on the subject published between 1912 and 1927. The essay from which Aims of Education derived its name was delivered as an address in 1916 when Whitehead was president of the London Branch of the Mathematical Association. In it, he cautioned against the teaching of what he called "inert ideas" – ideas that are disconnected scraps of information, with no application to real life or culture. He opined that "education with inert ideas is not only useless: it is, above all things, harmful."
When was "The Aims of Education and Other Essays" published?
{ "text": [ "1929" ], "answer_start": [ 51 ] }
57332e96d058e614000b576d
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Whitehead's most complete work on education is the 1929 book The Aims of Education and other Essays, which collected numerous essays and addresses by Whitehead on the subject published between 1912 and 1927. The essay from which Aims of Education derived its name was delivered as an address in 1916 when Whitehead was president of the London Branch of the Mathematical Association. In it, he cautioned against the teaching of what he called "inert ideas" – ideas that are disconnected scraps of information, with no application to real life or culture. He opined that "education with inert ideas is not only useless: it is, above all things, harmful."
During what periods of time were the essays and address contained in "The Aims of Education and Other Essays" composed?
{ "text": [ "between 1912 and 1927" ], "answer_start": [ 185 ] }
5730303c04bcaa1900d7731b
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Whitehead's most complete work on education is the 1929 book The Aims of Education and other Essays, which collected numerous essays and addresses by Whitehead on the subject published between 1912 and 1927. The essay from which Aims of Education derived its name was delivered as an address in 1916 when Whitehead was president of the London Branch of the Mathematical Association. In it, he cautioned against the teaching of what he called "inert ideas" – ideas that are disconnected scraps of information, with no application to real life or culture. He opined that "education with inert ideas is not only useless: it is, above all things, harmful."
What year was The Aims of Education and Other Essays published?
{ "text": [ "1929" ], "answer_start": [ 51 ] }
5730303c04bcaa1900d7731c
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Whitehead's most complete work on education is the 1929 book The Aims of Education and other Essays, which collected numerous essays and addresses by Whitehead on the subject published between 1912 and 1927. The essay from which Aims of Education derived its name was delivered as an address in 1916 when Whitehead was president of the London Branch of the Mathematical Association. In it, he cautioned against the teaching of what he called "inert ideas" – ideas that are disconnected scraps of information, with no application to real life or culture. He opined that "education with inert ideas is not only useless: it is, above all things, harmful."
What was the Aims of Education and Other Essays comprised of?
{ "text": [ "numerous essays and addresses" ], "answer_start": [ 117 ] }
5730303c04bcaa1900d7731d
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Whitehead's most complete work on education is the 1929 book The Aims of Education and other Essays, which collected numerous essays and addresses by Whitehead on the subject published between 1912 and 1927. The essay from which Aims of Education derived its name was delivered as an address in 1916 when Whitehead was president of the London Branch of the Mathematical Association. In it, he cautioned against the teaching of what he called "inert ideas" – ideas that are disconnected scraps of information, with no application to real life or culture. He opined that "education with inert ideas is not only useless: it is, above all things, harmful."
What teaching did Whitehead caution against teaching?
{ "text": [ "inert ideas" ], "answer_start": [ 443 ] }
573330eb4776f41900660762
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Rather than learn small parts of a large number of subjects, Whitehead advocated teaching a relatively few important concepts that the student could organically link to many different areas of knowledge, discovering their application in actual life. For Whitehead, education should be the exact opposite of the multidisciplinary, value-free school model – it should be transdisciplinary, and laden with values and general principles that provide students with a bedrock of wisdom and help them to make connections between areas of knowledge that are usually regarded as separate.
What did Whitehead believe regarding the variety of subjects in education?
{ "text": [ "Whitehead advocated teaching a relatively few important concepts" ], "answer_start": [ 61 ] }
573330eb4776f41900660763
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Rather than learn small parts of a large number of subjects, Whitehead advocated teaching a relatively few important concepts that the student could organically link to many different areas of knowledge, discovering their application in actual life. For Whitehead, education should be the exact opposite of the multidisciplinary, value-free school model – it should be transdisciplinary, and laden with values and general principles that provide students with a bedrock of wisdom and help them to make connections between areas of knowledge that are usually regarded as separate.
How did Whitehead propose that students would expand their knowledge beyond the subjects taught in school?
{ "text": [ "important concepts that the student could organically link to many different areas of knowledge, discovering their application in actual life" ], "answer_start": [ 107 ] }
573330eb4776f41900660764
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Rather than learn small parts of a large number of subjects, Whitehead advocated teaching a relatively few important concepts that the student could organically link to many different areas of knowledge, discovering their application in actual life. For Whitehead, education should be the exact opposite of the multidisciplinary, value-free school model – it should be transdisciplinary, and laden with values and general principles that provide students with a bedrock of wisdom and help them to make connections between areas of knowledge that are usually regarded as separate.
What was Whitehead's general opinion of what the school model should be?
{ "text": [ "For Whitehead, education should be the exact opposite of the multidisciplinary, value-free school model" ], "answer_start": [ 250 ] }
573330eb4776f41900660765
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Rather than learn small parts of a large number of subjects, Whitehead advocated teaching a relatively few important concepts that the student could organically link to many different areas of knowledge, discovering their application in actual life. For Whitehead, education should be the exact opposite of the multidisciplinary, value-free school model – it should be transdisciplinary, and laden with values and general principles that provide students with a bedrock of wisdom and help them to make connections between areas of knowledge that are usually regarded as separate.
What was Whitehead's opinion on the inclusion of values and general principles in education?
{ "text": [ "it should be transdisciplinary, and laden with values and general principles that provide students with a bedrock of wisdom" ], "answer_start": [ 356 ] }
57303159a23a5019007fcf51
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Rather than learn small parts of a large number of subjects, Whitehead advocated teaching a relatively few important concepts that the student could organically link to many different areas of knowledge, discovering their application in actual life. For Whitehead, education should be the exact opposite of the multidisciplinary, value-free school model – it should be transdisciplinary, and laden with values and general principles that provide students with a bedrock of wisdom and help them to make connections between areas of knowledge that are usually regarded as separate.
Whitehead's education style was to teach what?
{ "text": [ "a relatively few important concepts" ], "answer_start": [ 90 ] }
57303159a23a5019007fcf52
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Rather than learn small parts of a large number of subjects, Whitehead advocated teaching a relatively few important concepts that the student could organically link to many different areas of knowledge, discovering their application in actual life. For Whitehead, education should be the exact opposite of the multidisciplinary, value-free school model – it should be transdisciplinary, and laden with values and general principles that provide students with a bedrock of wisdom and help them to make connections between areas of knowledge that are usually regarded as separate.
What should Whitehead's students organically link due to his teaching methods?
{ "text": [ "different areas of knowledge, discovering their application in actual life." ], "answer_start": [ 174 ] }
57303159a23a5019007fcf53
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Rather than learn small parts of a large number of subjects, Whitehead advocated teaching a relatively few important concepts that the student could organically link to many different areas of knowledge, discovering their application in actual life. For Whitehead, education should be the exact opposite of the multidisciplinary, value-free school model – it should be transdisciplinary, and laden with values and general principles that provide students with a bedrock of wisdom and help them to make connections between areas of knowledge that are usually regarded as separate.
Whitehead believed education should be the opposite of what?
{ "text": [ "value-free school model" ], "answer_start": [ 330 ] }
573332b94776f4190066077e
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Whitehead did not get_down his career as a philosopher. In fact, he never had any formal training in philosophy beyond his undergraduate education. Early in his life he showed great interest in and respect for philosophy and metaphysics, but it is evident that he considered himself a rank amateur. In one letter to his friend and former student Bertrand Russell, after discussing whether science aimed to be explanatory or merely descriptive, he wrote: "This further question lands us in the ocean of metaphysic, onto which my profound ignorance of that science forbids me to enter." Ironically, in later life Whitehead would become one of the 20th century's foremost metaphysicians.
What was the extent of Whitehead's education in philosophy?
{ "text": [ "he never had any formal training in philosophy beyond his undergraduate education" ], "answer_start": [ 62 ] }
573332b94776f41900660780
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Whitehead did not get_down his career as a philosopher. In fact, he never had any formal training in philosophy beyond his undergraduate education. Early in his life he showed great interest in and respect for philosophy and metaphysics, but it is evident that he considered himself a rank amateur. In one letter to his friend and former student Bertrand Russell, after discussing whether science aimed to be explanatory or merely descriptive, he wrote: "This further question lands us in the ocean of metaphysic, onto which my profound ignorance of that science forbids me to enter." Ironically, in later life Whitehead would become one of the 20th century's foremost metaphysicians.
What was Whitehead's opinion of his own knowledge of metaphysics in that correspondence?
{ "text": [ "\"This further question lands us in the ocean of metaphysic, onto which my profound ignorance of that science forbids me to enter.\"" ], "answer_start": [ 451 ] }
573332b94776f41900660781
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Whitehead did not get_down his career as a philosopher. In fact, he never had any formal training in philosophy beyond his undergraduate education. Early in his life he showed great interest in and respect for philosophy and metaphysics, but it is evident that he considered himself a rank amateur. In one letter to his friend and former student Bertrand Russell, after discussing whether science aimed to be explanatory or merely descriptive, he wrote: "This further question lands us in the ocean of metaphysic, onto which my profound ignorance of that science forbids me to enter." Ironically, in later life Whitehead would become one of the 20th century's foremost metaphysicians.
How did Whitehead eventually become regarded in the field of metaphysics?
{ "text": [ "in later life Whitehead would become one of the 20th century's foremost metaphysicians" ], "answer_start": [ 594 ] }
573332b94776f4190066077f
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Whitehead did not get_down his career as a philosopher. In fact, he never had any formal training in philosophy beyond his undergraduate education. Early in his life he showed great interest in and respect for philosophy and metaphysics, but it is evident that he considered himself a rank amateur. In one letter to his friend and former student Bertrand Russell, after discussing whether science aimed to be explanatory or merely descriptive, he wrote: "This further question lands us in the ocean of metaphysic, onto which my profound ignorance of that science forbids me to enter." Ironically, in later life Whitehead would become one of the 20th century's foremost metaphysicians.
With what friend and former student did Whitehead correspond regarding the goals of science?
{ "text": [ "Bertrand Russell" ], "answer_start": [ 343 ] }
57303233a23a5019007fcf57
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Whitehead did not get_down his career as a philosopher. In fact, he never had any formal training in philosophy beyond his undergraduate education. Early in his life he showed great interest in and respect for philosophy and metaphysics, but it is evident that he considered himself a rank amateur. In one letter to his friend and former student Bertrand Russell, after discussing whether science aimed to be explanatory or merely descriptive, he wrote: "This further question lands us in the ocean of metaphysic, onto which my profound ignorance of that science forbids me to enter." Ironically, in later life Whitehead would become one of the 20th century's foremost metaphysicians.
What is the highest Whitehead was trained in philosophy?
{ "text": [ "undergraduate" ], "answer_start": [ 120 ] }
57303233a23a5019007fcf59
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Whitehead did not get_down his career as a philosopher. In fact, he never had any formal training in philosophy beyond his undergraduate education. Early in his life he showed great interest in and respect for philosophy and metaphysics, but it is evident that he considered himself a rank amateur. In one letter to his friend and former student Bertrand Russell, after discussing whether science aimed to be explanatory or merely descriptive, he wrote: "This further question lands us in the ocean of metaphysic, onto which my profound ignorance of that science forbids me to enter." Ironically, in later life Whitehead would become one of the 20th century's foremost metaphysicians.
What is the relationship between Whitehead and Russell?
{ "text": [ "friend and former student" ], "answer_start": [ 317 ] }
57303233a23a5019007fcf58
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Whitehead did not get_down his career as a philosopher. In fact, he never had any formal training in philosophy beyond his undergraduate education. Early in his life he showed great interest in and respect for philosophy and metaphysics, but it is evident that he considered himself a rank amateur. In one letter to his friend and former student Bertrand Russell, after discussing whether science aimed to be explanatory or merely descriptive, he wrote: "This further question lands us in the ocean of metaphysic, onto which my profound ignorance of that science forbids me to enter." Ironically, in later life Whitehead would become one of the 20th century's foremost metaphysicians.
What did Whitehead consider himself as a philosopher?
{ "text": [ "rank amateur" ], "answer_start": [ 282 ] }
57303233a23a5019007fcf5a
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Whitehead did not get_down his career as a philosopher. In fact, he never had any formal training in philosophy beyond his undergraduate education. Early in his life he showed great interest in and respect for philosophy and metaphysics, but it is evident that he considered himself a rank amateur. In one letter to his friend and former student Bertrand Russell, after discussing whether science aimed to be explanatory or merely descriptive, he wrote: "This further question lands us in the ocean of metaphysic, onto which my profound ignorance of that science forbids me to enter." Ironically, in later life Whitehead would become one of the 20th century's foremost metaphysicians.
What was Whitehead considered as a metaphysician?
{ "text": [ "one of the 20th century's foremost metaphysicians." ], "answer_start": [ 631 ] }
5733349d4776f41900660790
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Whitehead was unimpressed by this objection. In the notes of one his students for a 1927 class, Whitehead was quoted as saying: "Every scientific man in order to continue his reputation has to say he dislikes metaphysics. What he means is he dislikes having his metaphysics criticized." In Whitehead's view, scientists and philosophers make metaphysical assumptions about how the universe works all the time, but such assumptions are not easily seen precisely because they remain unexamined and unquestioned. While Whitehead acknowledged that "philosophers can never hope finally to formulate these metaphysical first principles," he argued that people need to continually re-imagine their basic assumptions about how the universe works if philosophy and science are to make any real progress, even if that progress remains permanently asymptotic. For this reason Whitehead regarded metaphysical investigations as essential to both good science and good philosophy.
What quotation of Whitehead's was noted by a student in 1927?
{ "text": [ "\"Every scientific man in order to preserve his reputation has to say he dislikes metaphysics. What he means is he dislikes having his metaphysics criticized.\"" ], "answer_start": [ 128 ] }
5733349d4776f41900660791
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Whitehead was unimpressed by this objection. In the notes of one his students for a 1927 class, Whitehead was quoted as saying: "Every scientific man in order to continue his reputation has to say he dislikes metaphysics. What he means is he dislikes having his metaphysics criticized." In Whitehead's view, scientists and philosophers make metaphysical assumptions about how the universe works all the time, but such assumptions are not easily seen precisely because they remain unexamined and unquestioned. While Whitehead acknowledged that "philosophers can never hope finally to formulate these metaphysical first principles," he argued that people need to continually re-imagine their basic assumptions about how the universe works if philosophy and science are to make any real progress, even if that progress remains permanently asymptotic. For this reason Whitehead regarded metaphysical investigations as essential to both good science and good philosophy.
What was Whitehead's opinion of basic assumptions in metaphysics?
{ "text": [ "such assumptions are not easily seen precisely because they remain unexamined and unquestioned" ], "answer_start": [ 413 ] }
5733349d4776f41900660792
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Whitehead was unimpressed by this objection. In the notes of one his students for a 1927 class, Whitehead was quoted as saying: "Every scientific man in order to continue his reputation has to say he dislikes metaphysics. What he means is he dislikes having his metaphysics criticized." In Whitehead's view, scientists and philosophers make metaphysical assumptions about how the universe works all the time, but such assumptions are not easily seen precisely because they remain unexamined and unquestioned. While Whitehead acknowledged that "philosophers can never hope finally to formulate these metaphysical first principles," he argued that people need to continually re-imagine their basic assumptions about how the universe works if philosophy and science are to make any real progress, even if that progress remains permanently asymptotic. For this reason Whitehead regarded metaphysical investigations as essential to both good science and good philosophy.
What did Whitehead feel was necessary regarding basic assumptions in metaphysics?
{ "text": [ "people need to continually re-imagine their basic assumptions about how the universe works if philosophy and science are to make any real progress" ], "answer_start": [ 646 ] }
5733349d4776f41900660793
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Whitehead was unimpressed by this objection. In the notes of one his students for a 1927 class, Whitehead was quoted as saying: "Every scientific man in order to continue his reputation has to say he dislikes metaphysics. What he means is he dislikes having his metaphysics criticized." In Whitehead's view, scientists and philosophers make metaphysical assumptions about how the universe works all the time, but such assumptions are not easily seen precisely because they remain unexamined and unquestioned. While Whitehead acknowledged that "philosophers can never hope finally to formulate these metaphysical first principles," he argued that people need to continually re-imagine their basic assumptions about how the universe works if philosophy and science are to make any real progress, even if that progress remains permanently asymptotic. For this reason Whitehead regarded metaphysical investigations as essential to both good science and good philosophy.
What was Whitehead's opinion of metaphysical investigations?
{ "text": [ "Whitehead regarded metaphysical investigations as essential to both good science and good philosophy" ], "answer_start": [ 864 ] }
5730938d069b53140083219d
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Whitehead was unimpressed by this objection. In the notes of one his students for a 1927 class, Whitehead was quoted as saying: "Every scientific man in order to continue his reputation has to say he dislikes metaphysics. What he means is he dislikes having his metaphysics criticized." In Whitehead's view, scientists and philosophers make metaphysical assumptions about how the universe works all the time, but such assumptions are not easily seen precisely because they remain unexamined and unquestioned. While Whitehead acknowledged that "philosophers can never hope finally to formulate these metaphysical first principles," he argued that people need to continually re-imagine their basic assumptions about how the universe works if philosophy and science are to make any real progress, even if that progress remains permanently asymptotic. For this reason Whitehead regarded metaphysical investigations as essential to both good science and good philosophy.
What do philosophers do, in Whitehead's view?
{ "text": [ "make metaphysical assumptions about how the universe works" ], "answer_start": [ 336 ] }
5730938d069b53140083219e
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Whitehead was unimpressed by this objection. In the notes of one his students for a 1927 class, Whitehead was quoted as saying: "Every scientific man in order to continue his reputation has to say he dislikes metaphysics. What he means is he dislikes having his metaphysics criticized." In Whitehead's view, scientists and philosophers make metaphysical assumptions about how the universe works all the time, but such assumptions are not easily seen precisely because they remain unexamined and unquestioned. While Whitehead acknowledged that "philosophers can never hope finally to formulate these metaphysical first principles," he argued that people need to continually re-imagine their basic assumptions about how the universe works if philosophy and science are to make any real progress, even if that progress remains permanently asymptotic. For this reason Whitehead regarded metaphysical investigations as essential to both good science and good philosophy.
Assumptions of how the universe works are difficult to see precisely because of what?
{ "text": [ "they remain unexamined and unquestioned" ], "answer_start": [ 468 ] }
5730938d069b53140083219f
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Whitehead was unimpressed by this objection. In the notes of one his students for a 1927 class, Whitehead was quoted as saying: "Every scientific man in order to continue his reputation has to say he dislikes metaphysics. What he means is he dislikes having his metaphysics criticized." In Whitehead's view, scientists and philosophers make metaphysical assumptions about how the universe works all the time, but such assumptions are not easily seen precisely because they remain unexamined and unquestioned. While Whitehead acknowledged that "philosophers can never hope finally to formulate these metaphysical first principles," he argued that people need to continually re-imagine their basic assumptions about how the universe works if philosophy and science are to make any real progress, even if that progress remains permanently asymptotic. For this reason Whitehead regarded metaphysical investigations as essential to both good science and good philosophy.
What did Whitehead ask people to reimagine in order for philosophy to make progress?
{ "text": [ "basic assumptions about how the universe works" ], "answer_start": [ 690 ] }
5730938d069b5314008321a0
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Whitehead was unimpressed by this objection. In the notes of one his students for a 1927 class, Whitehead was quoted as saying: "Every scientific man in order to continue his reputation has to say he dislikes metaphysics. What he means is he dislikes having his metaphysics criticized." In Whitehead's view, scientists and philosophers make metaphysical assumptions about how the universe works all the time, but such assumptions are not easily seen precisely because they remain unexamined and unquestioned. While Whitehead acknowledged that "philosophers can never hope finally to formulate these metaphysical first principles," he argued that people need to continually re-imagine their basic assumptions about how the universe works if philosophy and science are to make any real progress, even if that progress remains permanently asymptotic. For this reason Whitehead regarded metaphysical investigations as essential to both good science and good philosophy.
What did Whitehead regard as essential to good science and good philosophy?
{ "text": [ "metaphysical investigations" ], "answer_start": [ 883 ] }
573338734776f419006607a2
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Perhaps foremost among what Whitehead considered faulty metaphysical assumptions was the Cartesian idea that reality is fundamentally constructed of bits of matter that exist totally independently of one another, which he rejected in favor of an event-based or "process" ontology in which events are primary and are fundamentally interrelated and subordinate on one another. He also argued that the most basic elements of reality can all be regarded as experiential, indeed that everything is constituted by its experience. He used the term "experience" very broadly, so that even inanimate processes such as electron collisions are said to manifest some degree of experience. In this, he went against Descartes' separation of two different kinds of real existence, either exclusively material or else exclusively mental. Whitehead referred to his metaphysical system as "philosophy of organism", but it would become known more widely as "process philosophy."
What Cartesian concept did Whitehead believe to be erroneous?
{ "text": [ "reality is fundamentally constructed of bits of matter that exist totally independently of one another" ], "answer_start": [ 109 ] }
573338734776f419006607a3
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Perhaps foremost among what Whitehead considered faulty metaphysical assumptions was the Cartesian idea that reality is fundamentally constructed of bits of matter that exist totally independently of one another, which he rejected in favor of an event-based or "process" ontology in which events are primary and are fundamentally interrelated and subordinate on one another. He also argued that the most basic elements of reality can all be regarded as experiential, indeed that everything is constituted by its experience. He used the term "experience" very broadly, so that even inanimate processes such as electron collisions are said to manifest some degree of experience. In this, he went against Descartes' separation of two different kinds of real existence, either exclusively material or else exclusively mental. Whitehead referred to his metaphysical system as "philosophy of organism", but it would become known more widely as "process philosophy."
What theory did Whitehead prefer to the Cartesian concept?
{ "text": [ "event-based or \"process\" ontology in which events are primary and are fundamentally interrelated and dependent on one another" ], "answer_start": [ 246 ] }
573338734776f419006607a4
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Perhaps foremost among what Whitehead considered faulty metaphysical assumptions was the Cartesian idea that reality is fundamentally constructed of bits of matter that exist totally independently of one another, which he rejected in favor of an event-based or "process" ontology in which events are primary and are fundamentally interrelated and subordinate on one another. He also argued that the most basic elements of reality can all be regarded as experiential, indeed that everything is constituted by its experience. He used the term "experience" very broadly, so that even inanimate processes such as electron collisions are said to manifest some degree of experience. In this, he went against Descartes' separation of two different kinds of real existence, either exclusively material or else exclusively mental. Whitehead referred to his metaphysical system as "philosophy of organism", but it would become known more widely as "process philosophy."
How did whitehead define "experience"?
{ "text": [ "He used the term \"experience\" very broadly, so that even inanimate processes such as electron collisions are said to manifest some degree of experience" ], "answer_start": [ 522 ] }
573338734776f419006607a5
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Perhaps foremost among what Whitehead considered faulty metaphysical assumptions was the Cartesian idea that reality is fundamentally constructed of bits of matter that exist totally independently of one another, which he rejected in favor of an event-based or "process" ontology in which events are primary and are fundamentally interrelated and subordinate on one another. He also argued that the most basic elements of reality can all be regarded as experiential, indeed that everything is constituted by its experience. He used the term "experience" very broadly, so that even inanimate processes such as electron collisions are said to manifest some degree of experience. In this, he went against Descartes' separation of two different kinds of real existence, either exclusively material or else exclusively mental. Whitehead referred to his metaphysical system as "philosophy of organism", but it would become known more widely as "process philosophy."
How did Descartes' distinguish types of existence?
{ "text": [ "two different kinds of real existence, either exclusively material or else exclusively mental" ], "answer_start": [ 725 ] }
573338734776f419006607a6
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Perhaps foremost among what Whitehead considered faulty metaphysical assumptions was the Cartesian idea that reality is fundamentally constructed of bits of matter that exist totally independently of one another, which he rejected in favor of an event-based or "process" ontology in which events are primary and are fundamentally interrelated and subordinate on one another. He also argued that the most basic elements of reality can all be regarded as experiential, indeed that everything is constituted by its experience. He used the term "experience" very broadly, so that even inanimate processes such as electron collisions are said to manifest some degree of experience. In this, he went against Descartes' separation of two different kinds of real existence, either exclusively material or else exclusively mental. Whitehead referred to his metaphysical system as "philosophy of organism", but it would become known more widely as "process philosophy."
How did Whitehead identify his system of metaphysics?
{ "text": [ "\"philosophy of organism\"" ], "answer_start": [ 869 ] }
5730956e396df919000961c2
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Perhaps foremost among what Whitehead considered faulty metaphysical assumptions was the Cartesian idea that reality is fundamentally constructed of bits of matter that exist totally independently of one another, which he rejected in favor of an event-based or "process" ontology in which events are primary and are fundamentally interrelated and subordinate on one another. He also argued that the most basic elements of reality can all be regarded as experiential, indeed that everything is constituted by its experience. He used the term "experience" very broadly, so that even inanimate processes such as electron collisions are said to manifest some degree of experience. In this, he went against Descartes' separation of two different kinds of real existence, either exclusively material or else exclusively mental. Whitehead referred to his metaphysical system as "philosophy of organism", but it would become known more widely as "process philosophy."
What idea states that reality is fundamentally constructed of bits of matter?
{ "text": [ "Cartesian idea" ], "answer_start": [ 89 ] }
5730956e396df919000961c3
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Perhaps foremost among what Whitehead considered faulty metaphysical assumptions was the Cartesian idea that reality is fundamentally constructed of bits of matter that exist totally independently of one another, which he rejected in favor of an event-based or "process" ontology in which events are primary and are fundamentally interrelated and subordinate on one another. He also argued that the most basic elements of reality can all be regarded as experiential, indeed that everything is constituted by its experience. He used the term "experience" very broadly, so that even inanimate processes such as electron collisions are said to manifest some degree of experience. In this, he went against Descartes' separation of two different kinds of real existence, either exclusively material or else exclusively mental. Whitehead referred to his metaphysical system as "philosophy of organism", but it would become known more widely as "process philosophy."
Whitehead rejected the Cartesian idea in favor of what?
{ "text": [ "an event-based or \"process\" ontology" ], "answer_start": [ 243 ] }
5730956e396df919000961c4
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Perhaps foremost among what Whitehead considered faulty metaphysical assumptions was the Cartesian idea that reality is fundamentally constructed of bits of matter that exist totally independently of one another, which he rejected in favor of an event-based or "process" ontology in which events are primary and are fundamentally interrelated and subordinate on one another. He also argued that the most basic elements of reality can all be regarded as experiential, indeed that everything is constituted by its experience. He used the term "experience" very broadly, so that even inanimate processes such as electron collisions are said to manifest some degree of experience. In this, he went against Descartes' separation of two different kinds of real existence, either exclusively material or else exclusively mental. Whitehead referred to his metaphysical system as "philosophy of organism", but it would become known more widely as "process philosophy."
Whitehead believed instead of matter existing independently of each other, it did what?
{ "text": [ "interrelated and dependent" ], "answer_start": [ 330 ] }
5730956e396df919000961c5
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Perhaps foremost among what Whitehead considered faulty metaphysical assumptions was the Cartesian idea that reality is fundamentally constructed of bits of matter that exist totally independently of one another, which he rejected in favor of an event-based or "process" ontology in which events are primary and are fundamentally interrelated and subordinate on one another. He also argued that the most basic elements of reality can all be regarded as experiential, indeed that everything is constituted by its experience. He used the term "experience" very broadly, so that even inanimate processes such as electron collisions are said to manifest some degree of experience. In this, he went against Descartes' separation of two different kinds of real existence, either exclusively material or else exclusively mental. Whitehead referred to his metaphysical system as "philosophy of organism", but it would become known more widely as "process philosophy."
Whitehead believed that reality should be regarded as what?
{ "text": [ "experiential" ], "answer_start": [ 451 ] }
5730956e396df919000961c6
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Perhaps foremost among what Whitehead considered faulty metaphysical assumptions was the Cartesian idea that reality is fundamentally constructed of bits of matter that exist totally independently of one another, which he rejected in favor of an event-based or "process" ontology in which events are primary and are fundamentally interrelated and subordinate on one another. He also argued that the most basic elements of reality can all be regarded as experiential, indeed that everything is constituted by its experience. He used the term "experience" very broadly, so that even inanimate processes such as electron collisions are said to manifest some degree of experience. In this, he went against Descartes' separation of two different kinds of real existence, either exclusively material or else exclusively mental. Whitehead referred to his metaphysical system as "philosophy of organism", but it would become known more widely as "process philosophy."
Whitehead's system as "philosophy of organism" became widely known as what term?
{ "text": [ "process philosophy" ], "answer_start": [ 937 ] }
57333fbad058e614000b57d6
Alfred_North_Whitehead
In Whitehead's view, then, concepts such as "quality", "matter", and "form" are problematic. These "classical" concepts fail to adequately account for change, and overlook the active and experiential nature of the most basic elements of the world. They are useful abstractions, but are not the world's basic building blocks. What is ordinarily conceived of as a single person, for instance, is philosophically described as a continuum of overlapping events. After all, people change all the time, if only because they have aged by another second and had some further experience. These occasions of experience are logically distinct, but are progressively connected in what Whitehead calls a "society" of events. By assuming that enduring objects are the most real and fundamental things in the universe, materialists have mistaken the abstract for the concrete (what Whitehead calls the "fallacy of misplaced concreteness").
How did Whitehead define the "fallacy of misplaced concreteness"?
{ "text": [ "By assuming that enduring objects are the most real and fundamental things in the universe, materialists have mistaken the abstract for the concrete" ], "answer_start": [ 712 ] }
57333fbad058e614000b57d2
Alfred_North_Whitehead
In Whitehead's view, then, concepts such as "quality", "matter", and "form" are problematic. These "classical" concepts fail to adequately account for change, and overlook the active and experiential nature of the most basic elements of the world. They are useful abstractions, but are not the world's basic building blocks. What is ordinarily conceived of as a single person, for instance, is philosophically described as a continuum of overlapping events. After all, people change all the time, if only because they have aged by another second and had some further experience. These occasions of experience are logically distinct, but are progressively connected in what Whitehead calls a "society" of events. By assuming that enduring objects are the most real and fundamental things in the universe, materialists have mistaken the abstract for the concrete (what Whitehead calls the "fallacy of misplaced concreteness").
What basic concepts did Whitehead believe were questionable?
{ "text": [ "\"quality\", \"matter\", and \"form\"" ], "answer_start": [ 44 ] }
57333fbad058e614000b57d3
Alfred_North_Whitehead
In Whitehead's view, then, concepts such as "quality", "matter", and "form" are problematic. These "classical" concepts fail to adequately account for change, and overlook the active and experiential nature of the most basic elements of the world. They are useful abstractions, but are not the world's basic building blocks. What is ordinarily conceived of as a single person, for instance, is philosophically described as a continuum of overlapping events. After all, people change all the time, if only because they have aged by another second and had some further experience. These occasions of experience are logically distinct, but are progressively connected in what Whitehead calls a "society" of events. By assuming that enduring objects are the most real and fundamental things in the universe, materialists have mistaken the abstract for the concrete (what Whitehead calls the "fallacy of misplaced concreteness").
Why did he believe those concepts were inaccurate?
{ "text": [ "These \"classical\" concepts fail to adequately account for change, and overlook the active and experiential nature of the most basic elements of the world." ], "answer_start": [ 93 ] }
57333fbad058e614000b57d4
Alfred_North_Whitehead
In Whitehead's view, then, concepts such as "quality", "matter", and "form" are problematic. These "classical" concepts fail to adequately account for change, and overlook the active and experiential nature of the most basic elements of the world. They are useful abstractions, but are not the world's basic building blocks. What is ordinarily conceived of as a single person, for instance, is philosophically described as a continuum of overlapping events. After all, people change all the time, if only because they have aged by another second and had some further experience. These occasions of experience are logically distinct, but are progressively connected in what Whitehead calls a "society" of events. By assuming that enduring objects are the most real and fundamental things in the universe, materialists have mistaken the abstract for the concrete (what Whitehead calls the "fallacy of misplaced concreteness").
How did Whitehead classify what is usually seen as an individual person?
{ "text": [ "a continuum of overlapping events" ], "answer_start": [ 423 ] }
57333fbad058e614000b57d5
Alfred_North_Whitehead
In Whitehead's view, then, concepts such as "quality", "matter", and "form" are problematic. These "classical" concepts fail to adequately account for change, and overlook the active and experiential nature of the most basic elements of the world. They are useful abstractions, but are not the world's basic building blocks. What is ordinarily conceived of as a single person, for instance, is philosophically described as a continuum of overlapping events. After all, people change all the time, if only because they have aged by another second and had some further experience. These occasions of experience are logically distinct, but are progressively connected in what Whitehead calls a "society" of events. By assuming that enduring objects are the most real and fundamental things in the universe, materialists have mistaken the abstract for the concrete (what Whitehead calls the "fallacy of misplaced concreteness").
How did Whitehead refer to the combination of a person's separate experiences?
{ "text": [ "a \"society\" of events" ], "answer_start": [ 689 ] }