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mlxen
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squad_adversarial_train_dataset

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56dcfce466d3e219004dab82
Republic_of_the_Congo
Congo is located in the central-western part of sub-Saharan Africa, along the Equator, lying between latitudes 4°N and 5°S, and longitudes 11° and 19°E. To the south and east of it is the democratic Republic of Congo. It is also bounded by Gabon to the west, Cameroon and the Central African Republic to the north, and Cabinda (Angola) to the southwest. It has a short coast on the Atlantic Ocean.
Between which two lines of longitude is the Congo located?
{ "text": [ "11° and 19°E" ], "answer_start": [ 139 ] }
56dcfce466d3e219004dab83
Republic_of_the_Congo
Congo is located in the central-western part of sub-Saharan Africa, along the Equator, lying between latitudes 4°N and 5°S, and longitudes 11° and 19°E. To the south and east of it is the democratic Republic of Congo. It is also bounded by Gabon to the west, Cameroon and the Central African Republic to the north, and Cabinda (Angola) to the southwest. It has a short coast on the Atlantic Ocean.
What ocean connects to the Congo?
{ "text": [ "Atlantic Ocean" ], "answer_start": [ 382 ] }
56dcfce466d3e219004dab84
Republic_of_the_Congo
Congo is located in the central-western part of sub-Saharan Africa, along the Equator, lying between latitudes 4°N and 5°S, and longitudes 11° and 19°E. To the south and east of it is the democratic Republic of Congo. It is also bounded by Gabon to the west, Cameroon and the Central African Republic to the north, and Cabinda (Angola) to the southwest. It has a short coast on the Atlantic Ocean.
Which country lies southwest of the Congo?
{ "text": [ "Cabinda" ], "answer_start": [ 319 ] }
56dcfce466d3e219004dab85
Republic_of_the_Congo
Congo is located in the central-western part of sub-Saharan Africa, along the Equator, lying between latitudes 4°N and 5°S, and longitudes 11° and 19°E. To the south and east of it is the democratic Republic of Congo. It is also bounded by Gabon to the west, Cameroon and the Central African Republic to the north, and Cabinda (Angola) to the southwest. It has a short coast on the Atlantic Ocean.
What is another name for Cabinda?
{ "text": [ "Angola" ], "answer_start": [ 328 ] }
56dcfd2266d3e219004dab8b
Republic_of_the_Congo
The capital, Brazzaville, is located on the Congo River, in the south of the country, immediately across from Kinshasa, the capital of the democratic Republic of the Congo.
What is the capital of the Congo?
{ "text": [ "Brazzaville" ], "answer_start": [ 13 ] }
56dcfd2266d3e219004dab8c
Republic_of_the_Congo
The capital, Brazzaville, is located on the Congo River, in the south of the country, immediately across from Kinshasa, the capital of the democratic Republic of the Congo.
On what river can Brazzaville be found?
{ "text": [ "Congo River" ], "answer_start": [ 44 ] }
56dcfd2266d3e219004dab8d
Republic_of_the_Congo
The capital, Brazzaville, is located on the Congo River, in the south of the country, immediately across from Kinshasa, the capital of the democratic Republic of the Congo.
What lies directly across the Congo River from Brazzaville?
{ "text": [ "Kinshasa" ], "answer_start": [ 110 ] }
56dcfd2266d3e219004dab8e
Republic_of_the_Congo
The capital, Brazzaville, is located on the Congo River, in the south of the country, immediately across from Kinshasa, the capital of the democratic Republic of the Congo.
What country does Kinshasa serve as capital of?
{ "text": [ "Democratic Republic of the Congo" ], "answer_start": [ 139 ] }
56dcfef266d3e219004dab93
Republic_of_the_Congo
The southwest of the country is a coastal plain for which the primary drainage is the Kouilou-Niari River; the interior of the country consists of a central plateau between two basins to the south and north. Forests are under increasing exploitation pressure.
What kind of terrain is found in the southwest part of the Congo?
{ "text": [ "coastal plain" ], "answer_start": [ 34 ] }
56dcfef266d3e219004dab94
Republic_of_the_Congo
The southwest of the country is a coastal plain for which the primary drainage is the Kouilou-Niari River; the interior of the country consists of a central plateau between two basins to the south and north. Forests are under increasing exploitation pressure.
Which river serves as drainage for the southwest plain of the Congo?
{ "text": [ "Kouilou-Niari River" ], "answer_start": [ 86 ] }
56dcfef266d3e219004dab95
Republic_of_the_Congo
The southwest of the country is a coastal plain for which the primary drainage is the Kouilou-Niari River; the interior of the country consists of a central plateau between two basins to the south and north. Forests are under increasing exploitation pressure.
The middle of the country features what kind of geography?
{ "text": [ "plateau" ], "answer_start": [ 157 ] }
56dcfef266d3e219004dab96
Republic_of_the_Congo
The southwest of the country is a coastal plain for which the primary drainage is the Kouilou-Niari River; the interior of the country consists of a central plateau between two basins to the south and north. Forests are under increasing exploitation pressure.
What areas are facing pressure to be used for commercial gain?
{ "text": [ "Forests" ], "answer_start": [ 208 ] }
56dcff6466d3e219004dab9b
Republic_of_the_Congo
Since the country is located on the Equator, the climate is reproducible year-round, with the average day temperature being a humid 24 °C (75 °F) and nights generally between 16 °C (61 °F) and 21 °C (70 °F). The average yearly rainfall ranges from 1,100 millimetres (43 in) in south in the Niari Valley to over 2,000 millimetres (79 in) in central parts of the country. The dry season is from June to August while in the majority of the country the wet season has two rainfall maxima: one in March–May and another in September–November.
On what major line of latitude is the Congo located?
{ "text": [ "Equator" ], "answer_start": [ 36 ] }
56dcff6466d3e219004dab9c
Republic_of_the_Congo
Since the country is located on the Equator, the climate is reproducible year-round, with the average day temperature being a humid 24 °C (75 °F) and nights generally between 16 °C (61 °F) and 21 °C (70 °F). The average yearly rainfall ranges from 1,100 millimetres (43 in) in south in the Niari Valley to over 2,000 millimetres (79 in) in central parts of the country. The dry season is from June to August while in the majority of the country the wet season has two rainfall maxima: one in March–May and another in September–November.
What is the average temperature in the Congo when the sun is up?
{ "text": [ "24 °C (75 °F)" ], "answer_start": [ 130 ] }
56dcff6466d3e219004dab9d
Republic_of_the_Congo
Since the country is located on the Equator, the climate is reproducible year-round, with the average day temperature being a humid 24 °C (75 °F) and nights generally between 16 °C (61 °F) and 21 °C (70 °F). The average yearly rainfall ranges from 1,100 millimetres (43 in) in south in the Niari Valley to over 2,000 millimetres (79 in) in central parts of the country. The dry season is from June to August while in the majority of the country the wet season has two rainfall maxima: one in March–May and another in September–November.
What is the average temperature range in the Congo during the night time?
{ "text": [ "16 °C (61 °F) and 21 °C (70 °F)" ], "answer_start": [ 173 ] }
56dcff6466d3e219004dab9e
Republic_of_the_Congo
Since the country is located on the Equator, the climate is reproducible year-round, with the average day temperature being a humid 24 °C (75 °F) and nights generally between 16 °C (61 °F) and 21 °C (70 °F). The average yearly rainfall ranges from 1,100 millimetres (43 in) in south in the Niari Valley to over 2,000 millimetres (79 in) in central parts of the country. The dry season is from June to August while in the majority of the country the wet season has two rainfall maxima: one in March–May and another in September–November.
When does the Congo experience dry season?
{ "text": [ "June to August" ], "answer_start": [ 391 ] }
56dcffdc66d3e219004daba6
Republic_of_the_Congo
In 2006–07, researchers from the Wildlife Conservation Society studied gorillas in heavily forested regions centered on the Ouesso district of the Sangha Region. They suggest a population on the order of 125,000 western Lowland Gorillas, whose isolation from humans has been largely preserved by inhospitable swamps.
Which group studied gorillas in 2006-07?
{ "text": [ "Wildlife Conservation Society" ], "answer_start": [ 33 ] }
56dcffdc66d3e219004daba7
Republic_of_the_Congo
In 2006–07, researchers from the Wildlife Conservation Society studied gorillas in heavily forested regions centered on the Ouesso district of the Sangha Region. They suggest a population on the order of 125,000 western Lowland Gorillas, whose isolation from humans has been largely preserved by inhospitable swamps.
What region is home to the gorillas studied by the Wildlife Conservation Society?
{ "text": [ "Sangha Region" ], "answer_start": [ 147 ] }
56dcffdc66d3e219004daba9
Republic_of_the_Congo
In 2006–07, researchers from the Wildlife Conservation Society studied gorillas in heavily forested regions centered on the Ouesso district of the Sangha Region. They suggest a population on the order of 125,000 western Lowland Gorillas, whose isolation from humans has been largely preserved by inhospitable swamps.
What was responsible for maintaining the separation between the gorillas and humans?
{ "text": [ "inhospitable swamps" ], "answer_start": [ 296 ] }
56dd006d66d3e219004dabaf
Republic_of_the_Congo
The economy is a mixture of village agriculture and handicrafts, an industrial sector based largely on petroleum, support services, and a government characterized by budget problems and overstaffing. Petroleum extraction has supplanted forestry as the mainstay of the economy. In 2008, oil sector accounted for 65% of the GDP, 85% of government revenue, and 92% of exports. The country also has big untapped mineral wealth.
What is the focus of the Congo's industrial production?
{ "text": [ "Petroleum" ], "answer_start": [ 200 ] }
56dd006d66d3e219004dabb0
Republic_of_the_Congo
The economy is a mixture of village agriculture and handicrafts, an industrial sector based largely on petroleum, support services, and a government characterized by budget problems and overstaffing. Petroleum extraction has supplanted forestry as the mainstay of the economy. In 2008, oil sector accounted for 65% of the GDP, 85% of government revenue, and 92% of exports. The country also has big untapped mineral wealth.
What are two issues in the Congolese government?
{ "text": [ "budget problems and overstaffing" ], "answer_start": [ 166 ] }
56dd006d66d3e219004dabb1
Republic_of_the_Congo
The economy is a mixture of village agriculture and handicrafts, an industrial sector based largely on petroleum, support services, and a government characterized by budget problems and overstaffing. Petroleum extraction has supplanted forestry as the mainstay of the economy. In 2008, oil sector accounted for 65% of the GDP, 85% of government revenue, and 92% of exports. The country also has big untapped mineral wealth.
What did petroleum production replace as the focus of the economy?
{ "text": [ "forestry" ], "answer_start": [ 236 ] }
56dd006d66d3e219004dabb2
Republic_of_the_Congo
The economy is a mixture of village agriculture and handicrafts, an industrial sector based largely on petroleum, support services, and a government characterized by budget problems and overstaffing. Petroleum extraction has supplanted forestry as the mainstay of the economy. In 2008, oil sector accounted for 65% of the GDP, 85% of government revenue, and 92% of exports. The country also has big untapped mineral wealth.
What percentage of the Congo's gross domestic product did petroleum account for in 2008?
{ "text": [ "65%" ], "answer_start": [ 311 ] }
56dd006d66d3e219004dabb3
Republic_of_the_Congo
The economy is a mixture of village agriculture and handicrafts, an industrial sector based largely on petroleum, support services, and a government characterized by budget problems and overstaffing. Petroleum extraction has supplanted forestry as the mainstay of the economy. In 2008, oil sector accounted for 65% of the GDP, 85% of government revenue, and 92% of exports. The country also has big untapped mineral wealth.
What percentage of exported goods did oil account for in 2008?
{ "text": [ "92%" ], "answer_start": [ 358 ] }
56dd10cc66d3e219004dabb9
Republic_of_the_Congo
In the early 1980s, rapidly rising oil revenues enabled the government to finance large-scale development projects with GDP growth averaging 5% annually, one of the highest rates in Africa. The government has mortgaged a real portion of its petroleum earnings, contributing to a shortage of revenues. January 12, 1994 devaluation of Franc Zone currencies by 50% resulted in inflation of 46% in 1994, but inflation has subsided since.
What did income from petroleum allow the government to fund in the early '80s?
{ "text": [ "large-scale development projects" ], "answer_start": [ 82 ] }
56dd10cc66d3e219004dabba
Republic_of_the_Congo
In the early 1980s, rapidly rising oil revenues enabled the government to finance large-scale development projects with GDP growth averaging 5% annually, one of the highest rates in Africa. The government has mortgaged a real portion of its petroleum earnings, contributing to a shortage of revenues. January 12, 1994 devaluation of Franc Zone currencies by 50% resulted in inflation of 46% in 1994, but inflation has subsided since.
What was the Congo's annual increase in gross domestic product in the early '80s?
{ "text": [ "5%" ], "answer_start": [ 141 ] }
56dd10cc66d3e219004dabbb
Republic_of_the_Congo
In the early 1980s, rapidly rising oil revenues enabled the government to finance large-scale development projects with GDP growth averaging 5% annually, one of the highest rates in Africa. The government has mortgaged a real portion of its petroleum earnings, contributing to a shortage of revenues. January 12, 1994 devaluation of Franc Zone currencies by 50% resulted in inflation of 46% in 1994, but inflation has subsided since.
By how much were Franc Zone currencies devalued in January of 1994?
{ "text": [ "50%" ], "answer_start": [ 365 ] }
56dd10cc66d3e219004dabbc
Republic_of_the_Congo
In the early 1980s, rapidly rising oil revenues enabled the government to finance large-scale development projects with GDP growth averaging 5% annually, one of the highest rates in Africa. The government has mortgaged a real portion of its petroleum earnings, contributing to a shortage of revenues. January 12, 1994 devaluation of Franc Zone currencies by 50% resulted in inflation of 46% in 1994, but inflation has subsided since.
How much inflation did the Congo experience as a result of the devaluation of the Franc?
{ "text": [ "46%" ], "answer_start": [ 394 ] }
56dd117966d3e219004dabc2
Republic_of_the_Congo
economic reform efforts continued with the support of international organizations, notably the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. The reform program came to a halt in June 1997 when civil war erupted. When Sassou Nguesso returned to power at the end of the war in October 1997, he publicly expressed interest in moving forward on economic reforms and privatization and in renewing cooperation with international financial institutions. However, economic progress was badly hurt by slumping oil prices and the resumption of armed conflict in December 1998, which worsened the republic's budget deficit.
What caused reform efforts to cease in 1997?
{ "text": [ "civil war" ], "answer_start": [ 195 ] }
56dd117966d3e219004dabc3
Republic_of_the_Congo
economic reform efforts continued with the support of international organizations, notably the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. The reform program came to a halt in June 1997 when civil war erupted. When Sassou Nguesso returned to power at the end of the war in October 1997, he publicly expressed interest in moving forward on economic reforms and privatization and in renewing cooperation with international financial institutions. However, economic progress was badly hurt by slumping oil prices and the resumption of armed conflict in December 1998, which worsened the republic's budget deficit.
What are two reasons why the economy was not able to progress following the civil war?
{ "text": [ "slumping oil prices and the resumption of armed conflict" ], "answer_start": [ 494 ] }
56dd117966d3e219004dabc4
Republic_of_the_Congo
economic reform efforts continued with the support of international organizations, notably the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. The reform program came to a halt in June 1997 when civil war erupted. When Sassou Nguesso returned to power at the end of the war in October 1997, he publicly expressed interest in moving forward on economic reforms and privatization and in renewing cooperation with international financial institutions. However, economic progress was badly hurt by slumping oil prices and the resumption of armed conflict in December 1998, which worsened the republic's budget deficit.
When did military conflict resume in the Congo?
{ "text": [ "December 1998" ], "answer_start": [ 554 ] }
56dd14af9a695914005b94c4
Republic_of_the_Congo
The current administration presides over an restless internal peace and faces difficult economic problems of stimulating recovery and reducing poverty, despite record-high oil prices since 2003. Natural gas and diamonds are also recent major Congolese exports, although Congo was excluded from the Kimberley Process in 2004 amid allegations that most of its diamond exports were in fact being smuggled out of the neighboring Democratic Republic of Congo; it was re-admitted to the group in 2007.
What are two economic issues faced by the Congolese government?
{ "text": [ "stimulating recovery and reducing poverty" ], "answer_start": [ 107 ] }
56dd14af9a695914005b94c5
Republic_of_the_Congo
The current administration presides over an restless internal peace and faces difficult economic problems of stimulating recovery and reducing poverty, despite record-high oil prices since 2003. Natural gas and diamonds are also recent major Congolese exports, although Congo was excluded from the Kimberley Process in 2004 amid allegations that most of its diamond exports were in fact being smuggled out of the neighboring Democratic Republic of Congo; it was re-admitted to the group in 2007.
What two exports has the Congo begun producing recently?
{ "text": [ "Natural gas and diamonds" ], "answer_start": [ 193 ] }
56dd14af9a695914005b94c8
Republic_of_the_Congo
The current administration presides over an restless internal peace and faces difficult economic problems of stimulating recovery and reducing poverty, despite record-high oil prices since 2003. Natural gas and diamonds are also recent major Congolese exports, although Congo was excluded from the Kimberley Process in 2004 amid allegations that most of its diamond exports were in fact being smuggled out of the neighboring Democratic Republic of Congo; it was re-admitted to the group in 2007.
When was the Congo allowed back into the Kimberley Process?
{ "text": [ "2007" ], "answer_start": [ 488 ] }
56dd158266d3e219004dabc9
Republic_of_the_Congo
The Republic of the Congo also has big untapped base metal, gold, iron and phosphate deposits. The country is a member of the Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa (OHADA). The Congolese government signed an agreement in 2009 to lease 200,000 hectares of land to South African farmers to reduce its dependence on imports.
What precious metals and minerals have yet to be utilized in the Republic of the Congo?
{ "text": [ "base metal, gold, iron and phosphate" ], "answer_start": [ 50 ] }
56dd158266d3e219004dabca
Republic_of_the_Congo
The Republic of the Congo also has big untapped base metal, gold, iron and phosphate deposits. The country is a member of the Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa (OHADA). The Congolese government signed an agreement in 2009 to lease 200,000 hectares of land to South African farmers to reduce its dependence on imports.
What business organization is the Congo a member of?
{ "text": [ "Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa" ], "answer_start": [ 128 ] }
56dd158266d3e219004dabcb
Republic_of_the_Congo
The Republic of the Congo also has big untapped base metal, gold, iron and phosphate deposits. The country is a member of the Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa (OHADA). The Congolese government signed an agreement in 2009 to lease 200,000 hectares of land to South African farmers to reduce its dependence on imports.
How much land did the Congolese government agree to lease to South Africans in 2009?
{ "text": [ "200,000 hectares" ], "answer_start": [ 260 ] }
56dd1bb366d3e219004dabcf
Republic_of_the_Congo
Transport in the Republic of the Congo includes land, air and water transportation. The country's rail system was built by forced laborers during the 1930s and largely remains in operation. There are also over 1000 km of paved roads and two major international airports (Maya-Maya Airport and Pointe Noire Airport) which have flights to Paris and many African cities. The country also has a big port on the Atlantic Ocean at Pointe-Noire and others along the Congo River at Brazzaville and Impfondo.
What forms of transport are available in the Congo?
{ "text": [ "land, air and water" ], "answer_start": [ 48 ] }
56dd1bb366d3e219004dabd0
Republic_of_the_Congo
Transport in the Republic of the Congo includes land, air and water transportation. The country's rail system was built by forced laborers during the 1930s and largely remains in operation. There are also over 1000 km of paved roads and two major international airports (Maya-Maya Airport and Pointe Noire Airport) which have flights to Paris and many African cities. The country also has a big port on the Atlantic Ocean at Pointe-Noire and others along the Congo River at Brazzaville and Impfondo.
When was the Congo's train system built?
{ "text": [ "1930s" ], "answer_start": [ 150 ] }
56dd1bb366d3e219004dabd2
Republic_of_the_Congo
Transport in the Republic of the Congo includes land, air and water transportation. The country's rail system was built by forced laborers during the 1930s and largely remains in operation. There are also over 1000 km of paved roads and two major international airports (Maya-Maya Airport and Pointe Noire Airport) which have flights to Paris and many African cities. The country also has a big port on the Atlantic Ocean at Pointe-Noire and others along the Congo River at Brazzaville and Impfondo.
What is a common destination outside of Africa for Congolese airlines?
{ "text": [ "Paris" ], "answer_start": [ 337 ] }
56dd1bb366d3e219004dabd3
Republic_of_the_Congo
Transport in the Republic of the Congo includes land, air and water transportation. The country's rail system was built by forced laborers during the 1930s and largely remains in operation. There are also over 1000 km of paved roads and two major international airports (Maya-Maya Airport and Pointe Noire Airport) which have flights to Paris and many African cities. The country also has a big port on the Atlantic Ocean at Pointe-Noire and others along the Congo River at Brazzaville and Impfondo.
On what ocean is a major port located?
{ "text": [ "Atlantic Ocean" ], "answer_start": [ 409 ] }
56dd1cf99a695914005b94d8
Republic_of_the_Congo
The Republic of the Congo's sparse population is concentrated in the southwestern portion of the country, leaving the vast areas of tropical jungle in the north virtually uninhabited. Thus, Congo is one of the most urbanized countries in Africa, with 70% of its total population living in a few urban areas, namely in Brazzaville, Pointe-Noire or one of the little cities or villages lining the 534-kilometre (332 mi) railway which connects the two cities. In rural areas, industrial and commercial activity has declined rapidly in recent years, leaving rural economies dependent on the government for support and subsistence.
In what part of the country can most of the Congo's citizens be found?
{ "text": [ "southwest" ], "answer_start": [ 69 ] }
56dd1cf99a695914005b94da
Republic_of_the_Congo
The Republic of the Congo's sparse population is concentrated in the southwestern portion of the country, leaving the vast areas of tropical jungle in the north virtually uninhabited. Thus, Congo is one of the most urbanized countries in Africa, with 70% of its total population living in a few urban areas, namely in Brazzaville, Pointe-Noire or one of the little cities or villages lining the 534-kilometre (332 mi) railway which connects the two cities. In rural areas, industrial and commercial activity has declined rapidly in recent years, leaving rural economies dependent on the government for support and subsistence.
How long is the track connecting Brazzaville and Pointe-Noire?
{ "text": [ "534-kilometre (332 mi)" ], "answer_start": [ 394 ] }
56dd1dc29a695914005b94e0
Republic_of_the_Congo
Ethnically and linguistically the population of the Republic of the Congo is diverse—Ethnologue recognises 62 spoken languages in the country—but can exist grouped into three categories. The Kongo are the largest ethnic group and form roughly half of the population. The most significant subgroups of the Kongo are Laari in Brazzaville and Pool regions and Vili around Pointe-Noire and along the Atlantic coast. The second largest group are the Teke who live to the north of Brazzaville with 17% of the population. Boulangui (M’Boshi) live in the northwest and in Brazzaville and form 12% of the population. Pygmies make up 2% of Congo's population.
How many languages are used in the Congo?
{ "text": [ "62" ], "answer_start": [ 107 ] }
56dd1dc29a695914005b94e1
Republic_of_the_Congo
Ethnically and linguistically the population of the Republic of the Congo is diverse—Ethnologue recognises 62 spoken languages in the country—but can exist grouped into three categories. The Kongo are the largest ethnic group and form roughly half of the population. The most significant subgroups of the Kongo are Laari in Brazzaville and Pool regions and Vili around Pointe-Noire and along the Atlantic coast. The second largest group are the Teke who live to the north of Brazzaville with 17% of the population. Boulangui (M’Boshi) live in the northwest and in Brazzaville and form 12% of the population. Pygmies make up 2% of Congo's population.
What is the most populous ethnicity in the Congo?
{ "text": [ "Kongo" ], "answer_start": [ 188 ] }
56dd1dc29a695914005b94e3
Republic_of_the_Congo
Ethnically and linguistically the population of the Republic of the Congo is diverse—Ethnologue recognises 62 spoken languages in the country—but can exist grouped into three categories. The Kongo are the largest ethnic group and form roughly half of the population. The most significant subgroups of the Kongo are Laari in Brazzaville and Pool regions and Vili around Pointe-Noire and along the Atlantic coast. The second largest group are the Teke who live to the north of Brazzaville with 17% of the population. Boulangui (M’Boshi) live in the northwest and in Brazzaville and form 12% of the population. Pygmies make up 2% of Congo's population.
How much of the population is constituted by Pygmies?
{ "text": [ "2%" ], "answer_start": [ 583 ] }
56dd1dc29a695914005b94e4
Republic_of_the_Congo
Ethnically and linguistically the population of the Republic of the Congo is diverse—Ethnologue recognises 62 spoken languages in the country—but can exist grouped into three categories. The Kongo are the largest ethnic group and form roughly half of the population. The most significant subgroups of the Kongo are Laari in Brazzaville and Pool regions and Vili around Pointe-Noire and along the Atlantic coast. The second largest group are the Teke who live to the north of Brazzaville with 17% of the population. Boulangui (M’Boshi) live in the northwest and in Brazzaville and form 12% of the population. Pygmies make up 2% of Congo's population.
What percentage of the population of the Congo is Boulangui?
{ "text": [ "12%" ], "answer_start": [ 582 ] }
56dd1e2d9a695914005b94ea
Republic_of_the_Congo
Before the 1997 war, about 9,000 Europeans and other non-Africans lived in Congo, most of whom were French; only a fraction of this number remains. Around 300 American expatriates reside in the Congo.
Prior to the civil war in '97, how many non-Africans lived in the Republic of the Congo?
{ "text": [ "about 9,000" ], "answer_start": [ 21 ] }
56dd1e2d9a695914005b94eb
Republic_of_the_Congo
Before the 1997 war, about 9,000 Europeans and other non-Africans lived in Congo, most of whom were French; only a fraction of this number remains. Around 300 American expatriates reside in the Congo.
What was the dominant nationality among Europeans living in the Congo prior to the civil war?
{ "text": [ "French" ], "answer_start": [ 100 ] }
56dd1e2d9a695914005b94ec
Republic_of_the_Congo
Before the 1997 war, about 9,000 Europeans and other non-Africans lived in Congo, most of whom were French; only a fraction of this number remains. Around 300 American expatriates reside in the Congo.
How many Americans live in the Congo?
{ "text": [ "Around 300" ], "answer_start": [ 148 ] }
56dd1e8366d3e219004dabd9
Republic_of_the_Congo
According to CIA World Factbook, the people of Republic of the Congo are largely a mix of Catholics (33.1%), Awakening Lutherans (22.3%) and other Protestants (19.9%). Followers of Islam make up 1.6%, and this is primarily due to an influx of strange workers into the urban centers.
What is the most commonly practiced religion in the Congo?
{ "text": [ "Catholics" ], "answer_start": [ 90 ] }
56dd1e8366d3e219004dabda
Republic_of_the_Congo
According to CIA World Factbook, the people of Republic of the Congo are largely a mix of Catholics (33.1%), Awakening Lutherans (22.3%) and other Protestants (19.9%). Followers of Islam make up 1.6%, and this is primarily due to an influx of strange workers into the urban centers.
What percentage of Congolese citizens identify as Awakening Lutherans?
{ "text": [ "22.3%" ], "answer_start": [ 130 ] }
56dd1e8366d3e219004dabdb
Republic_of_the_Congo
According to CIA World Factbook, the people of Republic of the Congo are largely a mix of Catholics (33.1%), Awakening Lutherans (22.3%) and other Protestants (19.9%). Followers of Islam make up 1.6%, and this is primarily due to an influx of strange workers into the urban centers.
What portion of the Congolese population is Protestant?
{ "text": [ "19.9%" ], "answer_start": [ 160 ] }
56dd1e8366d3e219004dabdc
Republic_of_the_Congo
According to CIA World Factbook, the people of Republic of the Congo are largely a mix of Catholics (33.1%), Awakening Lutherans (22.3%) and other Protestants (19.9%). Followers of Islam make up 1.6%, and this is primarily due to an influx of strange workers into the urban centers.
What is the percentage of Muslims living in the Congo?
{ "text": [ "1.6%" ], "answer_start": [ 195 ] }
56dd1e8366d3e219004dabdd
Republic_of_the_Congo
According to CIA World Factbook, the people of Republic of the Congo are largely a mix of Catholics (33.1%), Awakening Lutherans (22.3%) and other Protestants (19.9%). Followers of Islam make up 1.6%, and this is primarily due to an influx of strange workers into the urban centers.
Who form the majority of Islamic residents of the Congo?
{ "text": [ "foreign workers" ], "answer_start": [ 243 ] }
56dd1ef39a695914005b94f0
Republic_of_the_Congo
public expenditure health was at 8.9% of the GDP in 2004, whereas private expenditure was at 1.3%. As of 2012, the HIV/AIDS prevalence was at 2.8% among 15- to 49-year-olds. Health expenditure was at US$30 per capita in 2004. A large proportion of the population is undernourished, with malnutrition being a problem in Congo-Brazzaville. There were 20 physicians per 100,000 persons in the early 2000s (decade).
How much of the gross domestic product was spent on public health in 2004?
{ "text": [ "8.9%" ], "answer_start": [ 33 ] }
56dd1ef39a695914005b94f1
Republic_of_the_Congo
public expenditure health was at 8.9% of the GDP in 2004, whereas private expenditure was at 1.3%. As of 2012, the HIV/AIDS prevalence was at 2.8% among 15- to 49-year-olds. Health expenditure was at US$30 per capita in 2004. A large proportion of the population is undernourished, with malnutrition being a problem in Congo-Brazzaville. There were 20 physicians per 100,000 persons in the early 2000s (decade).
What was the overall incidence of HIV or AIDS throughout the 15 to 49 year old population?
{ "text": [ "2.8%" ], "answer_start": [ 142 ] }
56dd1ef39a695914005b94f2
Republic_of_the_Congo
public expenditure health was at 8.9% of the GDP in 2004, whereas private expenditure was at 1.3%. As of 2012, the HIV/AIDS prevalence was at 2.8% among 15- to 49-year-olds. Health expenditure was at US$30 per capita in 2004. A large proportion of the population is undernourished, with malnutrition being a problem in Congo-Brazzaville. There were 20 physicians per 100,000 persons in the early 2000s (decade).
How much was spent per capita on health in 2004 as measured in US dollars?
{ "text": [ "$30" ], "answer_start": [ 202 ] }
56dd1ef39a695914005b94f4
Republic_of_the_Congo
public expenditure health was at 8.9% of the GDP in 2004, whereas private expenditure was at 1.3%. As of 2012, the HIV/AIDS prevalence was at 2.8% among 15- to 49-year-olds. Health expenditure was at US$30 per capita in 2004. A large proportion of the population is undernourished, with malnutrition being a problem in Congo-Brazzaville. There were 20 physicians per 100,000 persons in the early 2000s (decade).
For every 100,000 people, how many phyisicians were there in the Congo in the early '00s?
{ "text": [ "20" ], "answer_start": [ 52 ] }
56dd1f7866d3e219004dabe3
Republic_of_the_Congo
As of 2010, the parental mortality rate was 560 deaths/100,000 live births, and the infant mortality rate was 59.34 deaths/1,000 live births. Female genital mutilation (FGM) is rare in the country, being confined to limited geographic areas of the country.
As measured in 2010, how many deaths occurred for every 100,000 live births in the Congo?
{ "text": [ "560" ], "answer_start": [ 44 ] }
56dd1f7866d3e219004dabe4
Republic_of_the_Congo
As of 2010, the parental mortality rate was 560 deaths/100,000 live births, and the infant mortality rate was 59.34 deaths/1,000 live births. Female genital mutilation (FGM) is rare in the country, being confined to limited geographic areas of the country.
What does FGM stand for?
{ "text": [ "Female genital mutilation" ], "answer_start": [ 142 ] }
56dd1f7866d3e219004dabe5
Republic_of_the_Congo
As of 2010, the parental mortality rate was 560 deaths/100,000 live births, and the infant mortality rate was 59.34 deaths/1,000 live births. Female genital mutilation (FGM) is rare in the country, being confined to limited geographic areas of the country.
How many infants die for every 1,000 live births?
{ "text": [ "59.34" ], "answer_start": [ 110 ] }
56dd1ff566d3e219004dabe9
Republic_of_the_Congo
public expenditure of the GDP was less in 2002–05 than in 1991. public education is theoretically free and mandatory for under-16-year-olds, but in practice, expenses exist. Net primary enrollment rate was 44% in 2005, much less than the 79% in 1991. The country has universities. Education between ages six and sixteen is compulsory. Pupils who complete six years of primary school and seven years of secondary school obtain a baccalaureate. At the university, students can obtain a bachelor's degree in three years and a master's after four. Marien Ngouabi University—which offers courses in medicine, law and several other fields—is the country's only public university. Instruction at all levels is in French, and the educational system as a whole models the French system. The educational infrastructure has been seriously degraded as a result of political and economic crises. There are no seats in most classrooms, forcing children to sit on the floor. Enterprising individuals have set up private schools, but they often lack the technical knowledge and familiarity with the national curriculum to teach effectively. Families frequently enroll their children in private schools only to find they cannot make the payments.
Public schooling is required for people under what age?
{ "text": [ "16" ], "answer_start": [ 127 ] }
56dd1ff566d3e219004dabea
Republic_of_the_Congo
public expenditure of the GDP was less in 2002–05 than in 1991. public education is theoretically free and mandatory for under-16-year-olds, but in practice, expenses exist. Net primary enrollment rate was 44% in 2005, much less than the 79% in 1991. The country has universities. Education between ages six and sixteen is compulsory. Pupils who complete six years of primary school and seven years of secondary school obtain a baccalaureate. At the university, students can obtain a bachelor's degree in three years and a master's after four. Marien Ngouabi University—which offers courses in medicine, law and several other fields—is the country's only public university. Instruction at all levels is in French, and the educational system as a whole models the French system. The educational infrastructure has been seriously degraded as a result of political and economic crises. There are no seats in most classrooms, forcing children to sit on the floor. Enterprising individuals have set up private schools, but they often lack the technical knowledge and familiarity with the national curriculum to teach effectively. Families frequently enroll their children in private schools only to find they cannot make the payments.
What was the school enrollment rate in 2005?
{ "text": [ "44%" ], "answer_start": [ 206 ] }
56dd1ff566d3e219004dabeb
Republic_of_the_Congo
public expenditure of the GDP was less in 2002–05 than in 1991. public education is theoretically free and mandatory for under-16-year-olds, but in practice, expenses exist. Net primary enrollment rate was 44% in 2005, much less than the 79% in 1991. The country has universities. Education between ages six and sixteen is compulsory. Pupils who complete six years of primary school and seven years of secondary school obtain a baccalaureate. At the university, students can obtain a bachelor's degree in three years and a master's after four. Marien Ngouabi University—which offers courses in medicine, law and several other fields—is the country's only public university. Instruction at all levels is in French, and the educational system as a whole models the French system. The educational infrastructure has been seriously degraded as a result of political and economic crises. There are no seats in most classrooms, forcing children to sit on the floor. Enterprising individuals have set up private schools, but they often lack the technical knowledge and familiarity with the national curriculum to teach effectively. Families frequently enroll their children in private schools only to find they cannot make the payments.
What do students who finish 13 years of schooling receive?
{ "text": [ "baccalaureate" ], "answer_start": [ 428 ] }
56dd1ff566d3e219004dabed
Republic_of_the_Congo
public expenditure of the GDP was less in 2002–05 than in 1991. public education is theoretically free and mandatory for under-16-year-olds, but in practice, expenses exist. Net primary enrollment rate was 44% in 2005, much less than the 79% in 1991. The country has universities. Education between ages six and sixteen is compulsory. Pupils who complete six years of primary school and seven years of secondary school obtain a baccalaureate. At the university, students can obtain a bachelor's degree in three years and a master's after four. Marien Ngouabi University—which offers courses in medicine, law and several other fields—is the country's only public university. Instruction at all levels is in French, and the educational system as a whole models the French system. The educational infrastructure has been seriously degraded as a result of political and economic crises. There are no seats in most classrooms, forcing children to sit on the floor. Enterprising individuals have set up private schools, but they often lack the technical knowledge and familiarity with the national curriculum to teach effectively. Families frequently enroll their children in private schools only to find they cannot make the payments.
What language is used in Congolese schools?
{ "text": [ "French" ], "answer_start": [ 706 ] }
56dd20d966d3e219004dabf3
Prime_minister
A prime minister is the most senior minister of cabinet in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. In many systems, the prime minister selects and may disregard other members of the cabinet, and allocates posts to members within the government. In most systems, the prime minister is the presiding member and chairman of the cabinet. In a minority of systems, notably in semi-presidential systems of government, a prime minister is the official who is appointed to manage the civil service and execute the directives of the head of state.
What branch of government does the prime minister lead?
{ "text": [ "executive" ], "answer_start": [ 63 ] }
56dd20d966d3e219004dabf4
Prime_minister
A prime minister is the most senior minister of cabinet in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. In many systems, the prime minister selects and may disregard other members of the cabinet, and allocates posts to members within the government. In most systems, the prime minister is the presiding member and chairman of the cabinet. In a minority of systems, notably in semi-presidential systems of government, a prime minister is the official who is appointed to manage the civil service and execute the directives of the head of state.
What group is the prime minister usually in charge of?
{ "text": [ "cabinet" ], "answer_start": [ 48 ] }
56dd20d966d3e219004dabf5
Prime_minister
A prime minister is the most senior minister of cabinet in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. In many systems, the prime minister selects and may disregard other members of the cabinet, and allocates posts to members within the government. In most systems, the prime minister is the presiding member and chairman of the cabinet. In a minority of systems, notably in semi-presidential systems of government, a prime minister is the official who is appointed to manage the civil service and execute the directives of the head of state.
In some political models like semi-presidential systems, what does the prime minister manage?
{ "text": [ "civil service" ], "answer_start": [ 524 ] }
56dd21309a695914005b94fa
Prime_minister
In parliamentary systems fashioned after the Westminster system, the prime minister is the presiding and existent head of government and head of the executive branch. In such systems, the head of state or the head of state's official representative (i.e. the monarch, president, or governor-general) usually holds a largely ceremonial position, although often with reserve powers.
What is a parliamentary model on which other systems have been based?
{ "text": [ "Westminster system" ], "answer_start": [ 45 ] }
56dd21309a695914005b94fb
Prime_minister
In parliamentary systems fashioned after the Westminster system, the prime minister is the presiding and existent head of government and head of the executive branch. In such systems, the head of state or the head of state's official representative (i.e. the monarch, president, or governor-general) usually holds a largely ceremonial position, although often with reserve powers.
What kind of role is the head of state in Westminster-based parliamentary governments?
{ "text": [ "ceremonial" ], "answer_start": [ 322 ] }
56dd219e9a695914005b9500
Prime_minister
The prime minister is often, but not always, a member of parliament[clarification needed] and is expected with other ministers to guarantee the passage of bills through the legislature. In some monarchies the monarch may also exercise executive powers (known as the royal prerogative) that are constitutionally vested in the crown and may be exercised without the approval of parliament.
What is a central duty of the prime minister?
{ "text": [ "ensure the passage of bills" ], "answer_start": [ 130 ] }
56dd219e9a695914005b9501
Prime_minister
The prime minister is often, but not always, a member of parliament[clarification needed] and is expected with other ministers to guarantee the passage of bills through the legislature. In some monarchies the monarch may also exercise executive powers (known as the royal prerogative) that are constitutionally vested in the crown and may be exercised without the approval of parliament.
What is it called when a monarch has a share of executive powers?
{ "text": [ "royal prerogative" ], "answer_start": [ 263 ] }
56dd219e9a695914005b9502
Prime_minister
The prime minister is often, but not always, a member of parliament[clarification needed] and is expected with other ministers to guarantee the passage of bills through the legislature. In some monarchies the monarch may also exercise executive powers (known as the royal prerogative) that are constitutionally vested in the crown and may be exercised without the approval of parliament.
Using royal prerogative does not require the consent of which body?
{ "text": [ "parliament" ], "answer_start": [ 57 ] }
56dd22b366d3e219004dabfb
Prime_minister
As well as being head of government, a prime minister may have_got other roles or titles—the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, for example, is also First Lord of the Treasury and Minister for the Civil Service. Prime ministers may take other ministerial posts—for example, during the Second World War, Winston Churchill was also Minister of Defence (although there was then no Ministry of Defence), and in the current cabinet of Israel, Benjamin Netanyahu also serves as Minister of Communications, Foreign Affairs, Regional Cooperation, Economy and Interior
What are two other job titles of the Prime Minister of the UK?
{ "text": [ "First Lord of the Treasury and Minister for the Civil Service" ], "answer_start": [ 148 ] }
56dd22b366d3e219004dabfc
Prime_minister
As well as being head of government, a prime minister may have_got other roles or titles—the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, for example, is also First Lord of the Treasury and Minister for the Civil Service. Prime ministers may take other ministerial posts—for example, during the Second World War, Winston Churchill was also Minister of Defence (although there was then no Ministry of Defence), and in the current cabinet of Israel, Benjamin Netanyahu also serves as Minister of Communications, Foreign Affairs, Regional Cooperation, Economy and Interior
In addition to being Prime Minister, what other role did Winston Churchill serve during World War II?
{ "text": [ "Minister of Defence" ], "answer_start": [ 329 ] }
56dd231566d3e219004dac01
Prime_minister
The first existent usage of the term prime minister or Premier Ministre[citation needed] was used by Cardinal Richelieu when in 1625 he was named to head the royal council as prime minister of France. Louis XIV and his descendants generally attempted to avoid giving this title to their chief ministers.
When was the title of prime minister first used?
{ "text": [ "1625" ], "answer_start": [ 126 ] }
56dd231566d3e219004dac02
Prime_minister
The first existent usage of the term prime minister or Premier Ministre[citation needed] was used by Cardinal Richelieu when in 1625 he was named to head the royal council as prime minister of France. Louis XIV and his descendants generally attempted to avoid giving this title to their chief ministers.
Who coined the term prime minister?
{ "text": [ "Cardinal Richelieu" ], "answer_start": [ 99 ] }
56dd231566d3e219004dac03
Prime_minister
The first existent usage of the term prime minister or Premier Ministre[citation needed] was used by Cardinal Richelieu when in 1625 he was named to head the royal council as prime minister of France. Louis XIV and his descendants generally attempted to avoid giving this title to their chief ministers.
What country did Richelieu serve as prime minister for?
{ "text": [ "France" ], "answer_start": [ 191 ] }
56dd231566d3e219004dac04
Prime_minister
The first existent usage of the term prime minister or Premier Ministre[citation needed] was used by Cardinal Richelieu when in 1625 he was named to head the royal council as prime minister of France. Louis XIV and his descendants generally attempted to avoid giving this title to their chief ministers.
Who started a tradition of naming the head ministers something other than prime minister?
{ "text": [ "Louis XIV" ], "answer_start": [ 199 ] }
56dd23589a695914005b9506
Prime_minister
The term prime minister in the sense that we know it originated in the 18th century in the United Kingdom when members of parliament disparagingly used the title in reference to Sir Robert Walpole. Over time, the title became honorific and remains so in the 21st century.
When did the modern usage of prime minister come into being?
{ "text": [ "18th century" ], "answer_start": [ 71 ] }
56dd23589a695914005b9507
Prime_minister
The term prime minister in the sense that we know it originated in the 18th century in the United Kingdom when members of parliament disparagingly used the title in reference to Sir Robert Walpole. Over time, the title became honorific and remains so in the 21st century.
Who was referenced as prime minister in a negative manner when the term was first used in its modern sense?
{ "text": [ "Sir Robert Walpole" ], "answer_start": [ 178 ] }
56dd243f66d3e219004dac09
Prime_minister
The monarchs of England and the United Kingdom had ministers in whom they placed special trust and who were regarded as the head of the government. Examples were Thomas Cromwell under Henry VIII; William Cecil, Lord Burghley under Elizabeth I; Clarendon under Charles II and Godolphin under Queen Anne. These ministers held a variety of formal posts, but were commonly known as "the minister", the "chief minister", the "first minister" and finally the "prime minister".
Who occupied the role that would later become prime minister under Henry VIII?
{ "text": [ "Thomas Cromwell" ], "answer_start": [ 162 ] }
56dd243f66d3e219004dac0a
Prime_minister
The monarchs of England and the United Kingdom had ministers in whom they placed special trust and who were regarded as the head of the government. Examples were Thomas Cromwell under Henry VIII; William Cecil, Lord Burghley under Elizabeth I; Clarendon under Charles II and Godolphin under Queen Anne. These ministers held a variety of formal posts, but were commonly known as "the minister", the "chief minister", the "first minister" and finally the "prime minister".
Who held the equivalent of the post of prime minister under Queen Anne?
{ "text": [ "Godolphin" ], "answer_start": [ 275 ] }
56dd243f66d3e219004dac0c
Prime_minister
The monarchs of England and the United Kingdom had ministers in whom they placed special trust and who were regarded as the head of the government. Examples were Thomas Cromwell under Henry VIII; William Cecil, Lord Burghley under Elizabeth I; Clarendon under Charles II and Godolphin under Queen Anne. These ministers held a variety of formal posts, but were commonly known as "the minister", the "chief minister", the "first minister" and finally the "prime minister".
Who served as the head minister under Charles II?
{ "text": [ "Clarendon" ], "answer_start": [ 244 ] }
56dd25349a695914005b950a
Prime_minister
The power of these ministers depended entirely on the personal favour of the monarch. Although managing the parliament was among the necessary skills of holding high-pitched office, they did not depend on a parliamentary majority for their power. Although there was a cabinet, it was appointed entirely by the monarch, and the monarch usually presided over its meetings.
From whom did ministers derive their power?
{ "text": [ "the monarch" ], "answer_start": [ 73 ] }
56dd25349a695914005b950c
Prime_minister
The power of these ministers depended entirely on the personal favour of the monarch. Although managing the parliament was among the necessary skills of holding high-pitched office, they did not depend on a parliamentary majority for their power. Although there was a cabinet, it was appointed entirely by the monarch, and the monarch usually presided over its meetings.
Who was responsible for naming people to serve in the cabinet?
{ "text": [ "the monarch" ], "answer_start": [ 73 ] }
56dd25a59a695914005b9511
Prime_minister
When the monarch grew tired of a first minister, he or she could exist dismissed, or worse: Cromwell was executed and Clarendon driven into exile when they lost favour. Kings sometimes divided power equally between two or more ministers to prevent one minister from becoming too powerful. Late in Anne's reign, for example, the Tory ministers Harley and St John shared power.
Who are the two ministers used by Queen Anne simultaneously?
{ "text": [ "Harley and St John" ], "answer_start": [ 340 ] }
56dd25a59a695914005b9513
Prime_minister
When the monarch grew tired of a first minister, he or she could exist dismissed, or worse: Cromwell was executed and Clarendon driven into exile when they lost favour. Kings sometimes divided power equally between two or more ministers to prevent one minister from becoming too powerful. Late in Anne's reign, for example, the Tory ministers Harley and St John shared power.
Who was exiled when he lost the favor of the monarch?
{ "text": [ "Clarendon" ], "answer_start": [ 115 ] }
56dd260266d3e219004dac12
Prime_minister
In the mid 17th century, after the English Civil War (1642–1651), Parliament strengthened its position relative to the monarch then gained more power through the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and passage of the Bill of Rights in 1689. The monarch could no longer set_up any law or impose any tax without its permission and thus the House of Commons became a part of the government. It is at this point that a modern style of prime minister begins to emerge.
What 1688 event helped the parliament solidy its power against the monarch?
{ "text": [ "Glorious Revolution" ], "answer_start": [ 162 ] }
56dd260266d3e219004dac13
Prime_minister
In the mid 17th century, after the English Civil War (1642–1651), Parliament strengthened its position relative to the monarch then gained more power through the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and passage of the Bill of Rights in 1689. The monarch could no longer set_up any law or impose any tax without its permission and thus the House of Commons became a part of the government. It is at this point that a modern style of prime minister begins to emerge.
What 1689 law contributed to parliament's growing power?
{ "text": [ "Bill of Rights" ], "answer_start": [ 209 ] }
56dd260266d3e219004dac14
Prime_minister
In the mid 17th century, after the English Civil War (1642–1651), Parliament strengthened its position relative to the monarch then gained more power through the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and passage of the Bill of Rights in 1689. The monarch could no longer set_up any law or impose any tax without its permission and thus the House of Commons became a part of the government. It is at this point that a modern style of prime minister begins to emerge.
What body was incorporated into the government as a result of the Bill of Rights?
{ "text": [ "House of Commons" ], "answer_start": [ 333 ] }
56dd26729a695914005b9520
Prime_minister
A tipping point in the evolution of the prime ministership came with the death of Anne in 1714 and the accession of George I to the throne. George spoke no English, spent much of his time at his home in Hanover, and had neither knowledge of, nor interest in, the details of English government. In these circumstances it was inevitable that the king's first minister would go the de facto head of the government.
The reign of which king was a turning point in the growth of the position of prime minister?
{ "text": [ "George I" ], "answer_start": [ 116 ] }
56dd26729a695914005b9521
Prime_minister
A tipping point in the evolution of the prime ministership came with the death of Anne in 1714 and the accession of George I to the throne. George spoke no English, spent much of his time at his home in Hanover, and had neither knowledge of, nor interest in, the details of English government. In these circumstances it was inevitable that the king's first minister would go the de facto head of the government.
In what year did Queen Anne die?
{ "text": [ "1714" ], "answer_start": [ 90 ] }
56dd26729a695914005b9522
Prime_minister
A tipping point in the evolution of the prime ministership came with the death of Anne in 1714 and the accession of George I to the throne. George spoke no English, spent much of his time at his home in Hanover, and had neither knowledge of, nor interest in, the details of English government. In these circumstances it was inevitable that the king's first minister would go the de facto head of the government.
Where was George I's home?
{ "text": [ "Hanover" ], "answer_start": [ 203 ] }
56dd26ee9a695914005b9526
Prime_minister
From 1721 this was the Whig politician Robert Walpole, who held office for twenty-one years. Walpole chaired cabinet meetings, appointed all the other ministers, dispensed the royal patronage and packed the House of Commons with his supporters. Under Walpole, the doctrine of cabinet solidarity developed. Walpole required that no minister other than himself have private dealings with the king, and also that when the cabinet had agreed on a policy, all ministers must support it in public, or resign. As a later prime minister, Lord Melbourne, said, "It matters not what we say, gentlemen, so long as we all say the same thing."
For how long did Robert Walpole serve as prime minister?
{ "text": [ "twenty-one years" ], "answer_start": [ 75 ] }
56dd26ee9a695914005b9527
Prime_minister
From 1721 this was the Whig politician Robert Walpole, who held office for twenty-one years. Walpole chaired cabinet meetings, appointed all the other ministers, dispensed the royal patronage and packed the House of Commons with his supporters. Under Walpole, the doctrine of cabinet solidarity developed. Walpole required that no minister other than himself have private dealings with the king, and also that when the cabinet had agreed on a policy, all ministers must support it in public, or resign. As a later prime minister, Lord Melbourne, said, "It matters not what we say, gentlemen, so long as we all say the same thing."
What party did Walpole belong to?
{ "text": [ "Whig" ], "answer_start": [ 23 ] }
56dd26ee9a695914005b9528
Prime_minister
From 1721 this was the Whig politician Robert Walpole, who held office for twenty-one years. Walpole chaired cabinet meetings, appointed all the other ministers, dispensed the royal patronage and packed the House of Commons with his supporters. Under Walpole, the doctrine of cabinet solidarity developed. Walpole required that no minister other than himself have private dealings with the king, and also that when the cabinet had agreed on a policy, all ministers must support it in public, or resign. As a later prime minister, Lord Melbourne, said, "It matters not what we say, gentlemen, so long as we all say the same thing."
What concept took shape during Walpole's tenure as prime minister?
{ "text": [ "doctrine of cabinet solidarity" ], "answer_start": [ 264 ] }
56dd26ee9a695914005b9529
Prime_minister
From 1721 this was the Whig politician Robert Walpole, who held office for twenty-one years. Walpole chaired cabinet meetings, appointed all the other ministers, dispensed the royal patronage and packed the House of Commons with his supporters. Under Walpole, the doctrine of cabinet solidarity developed. Walpole required that no minister other than himself have private dealings with the king, and also that when the cabinet had agreed on a policy, all ministers must support it in public, or resign. As a later prime minister, Lord Melbourne, said, "It matters not what we say, gentlemen, so long as we all say the same thing."
What would a minister have to do if he did not publicly support a cabinet policy?
{ "text": [ "resign" ], "answer_start": [ 494 ] }
56dd26ee9a695914005b952a
Prime_minister
From 1721 this was the Whig politician Robert Walpole, who held office for twenty-one years. Walpole chaired cabinet meetings, appointed all the other ministers, dispensed the royal patronage and packed the House of Commons with his supporters. Under Walpole, the doctrine of cabinet solidarity developed. Walpole required that no minister other than himself have private dealings with the king, and also that when the cabinet had agreed on a policy, all ministers must support it in public, or resign. As a later prime minister, Lord Melbourne, said, "It matters not what we say, gentlemen, so long as we all say the same thing."
Who is another prime minister who reiterated the principles of cabinet solidarity?
{ "text": [ "Lord Melbourne" ], "answer_start": [ 529 ] }