msu-ceco/aec_v1 · Datasets at Hugging Face

text stringlengths 0 1.09k
Some values like pH, hardness, conductance, and turbidity are reported in units specific to the test.
In addition to the test results, a lab may make notes on any contaminants that exceeded the PA DEP drinking water standards.
For example, in Figure 1 the lab noted that total coliform bacteria and iron both exceeded the standards.
Retain your copy of the report in a safe place as a record of the quality of your water supply.
If polluting activities such as mining occur in your area, you may need a record of past water quality to prove that your supply has been damaged.
Figure 1.
A sample water analysis report.
The following tables provide a general guideline to common water quality parameters that may appear on your water analysis report.
The parameters are divided into three categories: health risk parameters, general indicators, and nuisance parameters.
These guidelines are by no means exhaustive.
However, they will provide you with acceptable limits and some information about symptoms, sources of the problem and effects.
The parameters in Table 1 are some commons ones that have known health effects.
The table lists acceptable limits, potential health effects, and possible uses and sources of the contaminant.
Table 1: Standards, symptoms, and potential health effects of regulated contaminants.
Conservation Cost-Share for Farmers and Ranchers
There are regional programs specially designed to help farmers and ranchers protect and improve the health of their land.
Southwest Florida Water Management District
Southwest Florida Water Management District was created in 1961 by a special act of the Florida Legislature after Hurricane Donna caused massive flood-related damage to southwest Florida.
When first created, SWFWMD focused solely on regional flood prevention.
Today, SWFWMD's scope encompasses water supply, flood protection, water quality management and natural systems management.
Farmers and ranchers in the sixteen counties served by SWFWMD are eligible for a number of cost-share programs.
These programs can help to cover the cost of FDACS Ag BMP projects and more.
Here is some information about two of SWFWMD's agricultural programs:
Facilitated Agricultural Resource Management Systems
The FARMS cost-share can cover up to 75% of the cost of Ag BMP projects such as:
Tailwater recovery/surface water irrigation pump stations, including pump, engine, fuel tank, filters and mainline pipe
Irrigation system conversion to a more efficient system
Weather stations, including rain gauge, anemometer and wireless telemetry
Soil moisture sensors, including wireless telemetry
Automated irrigation valves and pump start/stops
Farmers and ranchers love their land.
Anyone who has ever made their living from the land knows that the health of your land affects the productivity of your land.
And at the end of the day, productivity is what makes or breaks a business.
Anyone who has ever made a living from the land also knows that making improvements to your land often comes with a hefty price tag.
If you are interested in learning how to improve the health and productivity of your land without breaking the bank, this series will help you do it.
There are federal, state, local, and independent programs specially designed to help farmers and ranchers protect and improve the health of their land.
The majority of the programs are federally funded and administered by the United States Department of Agriculture.
Contact the FARMS program: 985-7481, ext.
4413
Mini-FARMS is a version of the FARMS cost-share program that is specially designed to fit the needs of agricultural operations of 100 acres or less.
Operations must be enrolled in FDACS Ag BMP program to be eligible.
The program reimburses producers for 75% of the cost of projects.
Commonly funded projects include but are not limited to:
Weather stations with evapotranspiration measurements
Irrigation pump station automation
Irrigation pumps, controls, filtration and infrastructure
Interesting facts about Water Management Districts in Florida:
Over the last 20 years, Florida has invested $1.8 billion in phosphorus control programs that have significantly improved Everglades water quality.
Scientific monitoring shows at least 90 percent of the Everglades now meets ultra-clean water quality standards of 10 parts per billion or less of phosphorous.
Water Management Districts don't just work with agricultural producers.
WMDs work with individual homeowners, municipalities, counties, and public and private land and business owners to improve water quality.
CORN PRODUCTION AS RELATED TO SPRINKLER IRRIGATION CAPACITY
In arid regions, it has been a design philosophy that irrigation system capacity be sufficient to meet the peak evapotranspiration needs of the crop to be grown.
This philosophy has been modified for areas having deep silt loam soils in the semi-arid US Central Great Plains to allow peak evapotranspiration needs to be met by a combination of irrigation, precipitation and stored soil water reserves.
Corn is the major irrigated crop in the region and is very responsive to irrigation, both positively when sufficient and negatively when insufficient.
This paper will discuss the nature of corn evapotranspiration rates and the effect of irrigation system capacity on corn production and economic profitability.
Although the information presented here is based on information from Colby, Kansas for deep silt loam soils, the concepts have broader application to other areas in showing the importance of irrigation capacity for corn production.
Corn evapotranspiration rates vary throughout the summer reaching peak values during the months of July and August in the Central Great Plains.
Long term July and August corn ET rates at the KSU Northwest Research Extension Center, Colby, Kansas have been calculated with a modified Penman equation to be 0.268 and 0.249 inches/day, respectively.
However, it is not uncommon to observe short-term peak corn ET values in the 0.35 0.40 inches/day range.
Occasionally, calculated peak corn ET rates may approach 0.5 inches/day in the Central Great Plains, but it remains a point of discussion whether the corn actually uses that much water on those extreme days or whether corn growth processes essentially shut down further water losses.
Individual years are different and daily rates vary widely from the long term average corn ET rates.
Corn ET rates for July and August of 2003 were 0.344 and 0.263 inches/day, respectively, representing an
approximately 15% increase over the long-term average rates.
Irrigation systems must supplement precipitation and soil water reserves to attempt matching average corn ET rates and also provide some level of design flexibility to attempt covering year-to-year variations in corn ET rates and precipitation.
Figure 1.
Long term corn evapotranspiration daily rates and ET rates for 2003 at the KSU Northwest Research-Extension Center, Colby Kansas.
ET rates calculated using a modified Penman approach.
Simulation of corn irrigation schedules for Colby, Kansas
The event hosted more than 50 growers and ag businesses, and the agenda included funding sources for irrigation infrastructure at the local, state and federal levels.
Irrigation districts needing funding will have four different funding opportunities to meet their respective repair plans, including the Bureau of Reclamation WaterSmart grant.
Ashley Bandy, Earth and Environmental Sciences, and Carmen Agouridis, Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering
G roundwater is an important water source for activities such as drinking, bathing, cooking, and crop irrigation.
Keeping our groundwater sources clean is becoming more challenging with an ever growing population.
In watersheds underlain with karst, such as many of those in Kentucky, the groundwater is more susceptible to contamination.
This is because surface waters, such as runoff and in some cases streamflow, travel into the subsurface of karst by way of fractures, sinkholes, swallow holes, conduits and caves.
Such direct paths into the groundwater mean that pollutants reach the aquifer much more quickly with little to no filtration.
Thus, while waters from springs and wells may look clean, they may actually contain unsafe levels of pollutants such as bacteria and nitrogen.
The following is a brief summary of the irrigation decisions made in each competition this year.
Sorghum: For the second year, the sorghum participants did not make irrigation decisions.
All 16 irrigated sorghum farms received the same amount of irrigation water throughout the season.
The total irrigation applied to the plots was 10 inches.
Cotton research personnel and growers have often observed that some insect pests are more abundant in parts of a cotton field or in entire fields where plant growth is rank and succulent.
The research reported here was initiated to test this observation.
Three different regimes of irrigation water and nitrogen, tested in factorial combinations brought about distinct differences in growth patterns between various plots.
Throughout the course of the study the lygus bug, Lygus hesperus Knight, was found significantly more abundant in plots with high irrigation and nitrogen levels, than in plots receiving minimum applications of either variable.
A complex relationship was found to exist between cotton lint production, vegetative plant growth, insect numbers, and water and nutritional management.
The implication of these tests is that cotton growers may reduce the threat from insect pests through management of their irrigation and fertilization practices.
INSECTS as affected irrigation fertilization
THOMAS F.
LEIGH DONALD W.
GRIMES HIDEMI YAMADA
W ATER AND FERTILITY MANAGEMENT influences the vegetative and fruiting growth of crops in arid climates and also influences the nutritional aspects of plants as hosts.
Since insects are known to respond differently to changes in environmental conditions, they should also be expected to respond to conditions in a crop ecosystem brought about by modification in the use of either water or fertilizer variables.
This progress report deals with an evaluation of the influence of irrigation water and nitrogen fertilizer variables on plant growth, the resultant insect populations in the crop canopy, and lint production.
The investigation is being carried out in field plots at the U.S.
Cotton Research Station, Shafter, and the University of California West Side Field Station, Five Points.
Soil at the Kern County location is classified as Hesperia sandy loam and at the Fresno County location as Panoche clay loam.
The results obtained at the two locations from the four years of study are similar and therefore only the 1968 experiment at the West Side Field Station is reviewed here.
In the 1968 experiment, treatments consisted of a factorial combination of

Some values like pH, hardness, conductance, and turbidity are reported in units specific to the test.

In addition to the test results, a lab may make notes on any contaminants that exceeded the PA DEP drinking water standards.

For example, in Figure 1 the lab noted that total coliform bacteria and iron both exceeded the standards.

Retain your copy of the report in a safe place as a record of the quality of your water supply.

If polluting activities such as mining occur in your area, you may need a record of past water quality to prove that your supply has been damaged.

Figure 1.

A sample water analysis report.

The following tables provide a general guideline to common water quality parameters that may appear on your water analysis report.

The parameters are divided into three categories: health risk parameters, general indicators, and nuisance parameters.

These guidelines are by no means exhaustive.

However, they will provide you with acceptable limits and some information about symptoms, sources of the problem and effects.

The parameters in Table 1 are some commons ones that have known health effects.

The table lists acceptable limits, potential health effects, and possible uses and sources of the contaminant.

Table 1: Standards, symptoms, and potential health effects of regulated contaminants.

Conservation Cost-Share for Farmers and Ranchers

There are regional programs specially designed to help farmers and ranchers protect and improve the health of their land.

Southwest Florida Water Management District

Southwest Florida Water Management District was created in 1961 by a special act of the Florida Legislature after Hurricane Donna caused massive flood-related damage to southwest Florida.

When first created, SWFWMD focused solely on regional flood prevention.

Today, SWFWMD's scope encompasses water supply, flood protection, water quality management and natural systems management.

Farmers and ranchers in the sixteen counties served by SWFWMD are eligible for a number of cost-share programs.

These programs can help to cover the cost of FDACS Ag BMP projects and more.

Here is some information about two of SWFWMD's agricultural programs:

Facilitated Agricultural Resource Management Systems

The FARMS cost-share can cover up to 75% of the cost of Ag BMP projects such as:

Tailwater recovery/surface water irrigation pump stations, including pump, engine, fuel tank, filters and mainline pipe

Irrigation system conversion to a more efficient system

Weather stations, including rain gauge, anemometer and wireless telemetry

Soil moisture sensors, including wireless telemetry

Automated irrigation valves and pump start/stops

Farmers and ranchers love their land.

Anyone who has ever made their living from the land knows that the health of your land affects the productivity of your land.

And at the end of the day, productivity is what makes or breaks a business.

Anyone who has ever made a living from the land also knows that making improvements to your land often comes with a hefty price tag.

If you are interested in learning how to improve the health and productivity of your land without breaking the bank, this series will help you do it.

There are federal, state, local, and independent programs specially designed to help farmers and ranchers protect and improve the health of their land.

The majority of the programs are federally funded and administered by the United States Department of Agriculture.

Contact the FARMS program: 985-7481, ext.

4413

Mini-FARMS is a version of the FARMS cost-share program that is specially designed to fit the needs of agricultural operations of 100 acres or less.

Operations must be enrolled in FDACS Ag BMP program to be eligible.

The program reimburses producers for 75% of the cost of projects.

Commonly funded projects include but are not limited to:

Weather stations with evapotranspiration measurements

Irrigation pump station automation

Irrigation pumps, controls, filtration and infrastructure

Interesting facts about Water Management Districts in Florida:

Over the last 20 years, Florida has invested $1.8 billion in phosphorus control programs that have significantly improved Everglades water quality.

Scientific monitoring shows at least 90 percent of the Everglades now meets ultra-clean water quality standards of 10 parts per billion or less of phosphorous.

Water Management Districts don't just work with agricultural producers.

WMDs work with individual homeowners, municipalities, counties, and public and private land and business owners to improve water quality.

CORN PRODUCTION AS RELATED TO SPRINKLER IRRIGATION CAPACITY

In arid regions, it has been a design philosophy that irrigation system capacity be sufficient to meet the peak evapotranspiration needs of the crop to be grown.

This philosophy has been modified for areas having deep silt loam soils in the semi-arid US Central Great Plains to allow peak evapotranspiration needs to be met by a combination of irrigation, precipitation and stored soil water reserves.

Corn is the major irrigated crop in the region and is very responsive to irrigation, both positively when sufficient and negatively when insufficient.

This paper will discuss the nature of corn evapotranspiration rates and the effect of irrigation system capacity on corn production and economic profitability.

Although the information presented here is based on information from Colby, Kansas for deep silt loam soils, the concepts have broader application to other areas in showing the importance of irrigation capacity for corn production.

Corn evapotranspiration rates vary throughout the summer reaching peak values during the months of July and August in the Central Great Plains.

Long term July and August corn ET rates at the KSU Northwest Research Extension Center, Colby, Kansas have been calculated with a modified Penman equation to be 0.268 and 0.249 inches/day, respectively.

However, it is not uncommon to observe short-term peak corn ET values in the 0.35 0.40 inches/day range.

Occasionally, calculated peak corn ET rates may approach 0.5 inches/day in the Central Great Plains, but it remains a point of discussion whether the corn actually uses that much water on those extreme days or whether corn growth processes essentially shut down further water losses.

Individual years are different and daily rates vary widely from the long term average corn ET rates.

Corn ET rates for July and August of 2003 were 0.344 and 0.263 inches/day, respectively, representing an

approximately 15% increase over the long-term average rates.

Irrigation systems must supplement precipitation and soil water reserves to attempt matching average corn ET rates and also provide some level of design flexibility to attempt covering year-to-year variations in corn ET rates and precipitation.

Figure 1.

Long term corn evapotranspiration daily rates and ET rates for 2003 at the KSU Northwest Research-Extension Center, Colby Kansas.

ET rates calculated using a modified Penman approach.

Simulation of corn irrigation schedules for Colby, Kansas

The event hosted more than 50 growers and ag businesses, and the agenda included funding sources for irrigation infrastructure at the local, state and federal levels.

Irrigation districts needing funding will have four different funding opportunities to meet their respective repair plans, including the Bureau of Reclamation WaterSmart grant.

Ashley Bandy, Earth and Environmental Sciences, and Carmen Agouridis, Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering

G roundwater is an important water source for activities such as drinking, bathing, cooking, and crop irrigation.

Keeping our groundwater sources clean is becoming more challenging with an ever growing population.

In watersheds underlain with karst, such as many of those in Kentucky, the groundwater is more susceptible to contamination.

This is because surface waters, such as runoff and in some cases streamflow, travel into the subsurface of karst by way of fractures, sinkholes, swallow holes, conduits and caves.

Such direct paths into the groundwater mean that pollutants reach the aquifer much more quickly with little to no filtration.

Thus, while waters from springs and wells may look clean, they may actually contain unsafe levels of pollutants such as bacteria and nitrogen.

The following is a brief summary of the irrigation decisions made in each competition this year.

Sorghum: For the second year, the sorghum participants did not make irrigation decisions.

All 16 irrigated sorghum farms received the same amount of irrigation water throughout the season.

The total irrigation applied to the plots was 10 inches.

Cotton research personnel and growers have often observed that some insect pests are more abundant in parts of a cotton field or in entire fields where plant growth is rank and succulent.

The research reported here was initiated to test this observation.

Three different regimes of irrigation water and nitrogen, tested in factorial combinations brought about distinct differences in growth patterns between various plots.

Throughout the course of the study the lygus bug, Lygus hesperus Knight, was found significantly more abundant in plots with high irrigation and nitrogen levels, than in plots receiving minimum applications of either variable.

A complex relationship was found to exist between cotton lint production, vegetative plant growth, insect numbers, and water and nutritional management.

The implication of these tests is that cotton growers may reduce the threat from insect pests through management of their irrigation and fertilization practices.

INSECTS as affected irrigation fertilization

THOMAS F.

LEIGH DONALD W.

GRIMES HIDEMI YAMADA

W ATER AND FERTILITY MANAGEMENT influences the vegetative and fruiting growth of crops in arid climates and also influences the nutritional aspects of plants as hosts.

Since insects are known to respond differently to changes in environmental conditions, they should also be expected to respond to conditions in a crop ecosystem brought about by modification in the use of either water or fertilizer variables.

This progress report deals with an evaluation of the influence of irrigation water and nitrogen fertilizer variables on plant growth, the resultant insect populations in the crop canopy, and lint production.

The investigation is being carried out in field plots at the U.S.

Cotton Research Station, Shafter, and the University of California West Side Field Station, Five Points.

Soil at the Kern County location is classified as Hesperia sandy loam and at the Fresno County location as Panoche clay loam.

The results obtained at the two locations from the four years of study are similar and therefore only the 1968 experiment at the West Side Field Station is reviewed here.

In the 1968 experiment, treatments consisted of a factorial combination of