msu-ceco/aec_v1 · Datasets at Hugging Face

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Table 2.
Summary of corn yield component and irrigation data from an early season water stress study for hybrids Pioneer 33B50 and 32B33, KSU-NWREC, Colby, Kansas, 2004-2007.
Year and Parameter Trt 1 Trt 2 Trt 3 Trt 4 Trt 5 Trt 6
2004 First Irrigation Hybrid 8-Jun 28-Jun 13-Jul 20-Jul 27-Jul 3-Aug
Total Irrig.
12.8 11.6 10.8 10.8 10.8 10.8
Yield 33B50 220 aA* 213 aA 206 aA 233 aA 245 aA 210 aA
32B33 226 aA 211 aA 209 aA 222 aA 229 aA 206 aA
Plant Pop.
33B50 29040 aA 28169 aA 28169 aA 28169 aA 28750 aA 27878 aA
32B33 28459 aA 29621 aA 29621 aA 28459 aA 29040 aA 28459 aA
Ears/Plant 33B50 0.85 aA 0.91 aA 0.89 aA 0.93 aA 0.88 aA 0.84 aA
32B33 0.88 aA 0.80 aA 0.79 aA 0.90 aA 0.83 aA 0.83 aA
Kernels/Ear 33B50 595 aB 574 aB 589 aB 595 aA 648 aA 590 aB
32B33 624 aA 616 aA 634 aA 600 aA 643 aA 612 aA
Kernel Wt.
33B50 38.0 aA 36.8 aA 35.7 aA 38.2 aA 38.2 aA 38.6 aA
32B33 36.8 aB 36.4 aA 36.2 aA 36.8 aB 37.6 aA 36.4 aB
2005 First Irrigation Hybrid 21-Jun 28-Jun 6-Jul 12-Jul 19-Jul 26-Jul
Total Irrig.
13.2 13.2 13.2 13.2 13.2 13.2
Yield 33B50 254 aA 259 aA 256 aA 238 abA 227 bA 149 cA
32B33 254 abcA 254 abcA 258 abA 264 aA 235 cA 162 dA
Plant Pop.
33B50 28750 aA 28459 aA 28459 aA 28459 aA 29621 aA 28169 aA
32B33 28459 aA 29040 aA 28459 aA 27848 aA 28750 aA 29621 aA
Ears/Plant 33B50 0.99 abA 1.00 aA 0.99 abA 0.98 abA 0.96 bcA 0.95 cA
32B33 0.98 bA 0.97 bcA 1.01 aA 1.00 abA 0.96 bcdA 0.94 dA
Kernels/Ear 33B50 641 abA 653 aA 670 aA 604 bA 564 cA 422 dA
32B33 638 bA 647 abA 644 abA 680 aA 654 abA 421 cA
Kernel Wt.
33B50 35.4 aA 35.4 aA 34.5 aA 36.0 aA 35.9 aA 33.6 aA
32B33 36.2 aA 35.4 aA 35.4 aA 35.5 aA 33.1 aA 35.1 aA
2006 First Irrigation Hybrid 8-Jun 15-Jun 26-Jun 29-Jun 6-Jul 14-Jul
Total Irrig.
14.0 13.6 12.8 12.8 12.4 12.4
Yield 33B50 225 aA 230 aA 220 aB 220 aA 220 aB 206 aB
32B33 229 aA 234 aA 246 aA 230 aA 241 aA 244 aA
Plant Pop.
33B50 27588 aA 27007 aA 28169 aA 28169 aA 27588 aA 27297 aA
32B33 28459 aA 27878 aA 28459 aA 27878 aA 28168 aA 28169 aA
Ears/Plant 33B50 0.98 aA 0.98 aA 0.99 aA 0.99 aA 0.99 aA 0.96 aA
32B33 0.96 aA 0.98 aA 0.98 aA 0.97 aA 0.98 aA 0.97 aA
Kernels/Ear 33B50 561 aB 594 aAB 544 aB 547 aB 550 aB 519 aB
32B33 597 aA 602 aA 618 aA 583 aA 585 aA 612 aA
Kernel Wt.
33B50 37.8 aA 37.2 aA 36.8 aA 36.5 aA 37.4 aA 38.7 aA
32B33 35.7 aA 36.2 aA 36.3 aA 37.1 aA 38.1 aA 37.2 aA
2007 First Irrigation Hybrid 7-Jun 21-Jun 28-Jun 4-Jul 12-Jul 19-Jul
Total Irrig.
12.1 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 10.9
Yield 33B50 243 aA 252 aA 250 aA 245 aA 234 aA 213 aA
32B33 259 aA 235 aA 252 aA 239 aA 255 aA 229 aA
Plant Pop.
33B50 29040 aA 29621 aA 29331 aA 28459 aA 29040 aA 28169 aA
32B33 29040 aA 28459 aA 28169 aA 27878 aA 28459 aA 28169 aA
Ears/Plant 33B50 0.98 aA 0.99 aA 1.00 aA 0.99 aA 0.99 aA 1.00 aA
32B33 0.98 aA 0.95 aA 0.99 aA 0.99 aA 0.99 aA 0.97 aA
Kernels/Ear 33B50 668 aB 672 aB 693 aA 682 aA 645 aB 597 aB
32B33 728 aA 724 aA 712 aA 712 aA 714 aA 674 aA
Kernel Wt.
33B50 32.5 aA 32.5 aA 31.2 aA 32.4 aA 32.0 aA 32.2 aA
32B33 31.6 aA 30.6 aA 32.3 aA 30.9 aA 32,3 aA 31.7 aA
Irrigation treatment values within the same row followed by the same lower case letters are not
significantly different at P=0.05, and hybrid treatment values within the same column followed by the
same upper case letters are not significantly different at P=0.05.
Graphical data analysis for pre-anthesis water stress studies
The tabular data do not give a mechanistic explanation of the results.
Attempts were made to relate yield component data to a large number of water factors in the broad categories of water use, evaporative demand, and critical profile soil water levels.
Relative values of yield and yield components were determined by normalizing each data point to the corresponding value for the earliest irrigation treatment in that year.
These relative values were used for comparisons between years.
Final grain yield was largely determined by the number of sinks or kernels/area indicating there was little or no effect on the grain-filling stage imposed by the vegetative and earlyreproductive period water stress in these two studies.
The individual treatment values of corn grain yield and kernels/area were values compared to the irrigation treatment that had no initial delay in irrigation to give relative values.
In a few cases, the Trt 1 values were not the highest value and, thus, relative values could be greater than one.
Deviations below the 1 to 1 unity line in Figure 1 would indicate a permanent negative effect on corn grain yield of early-season water stress because of reduced kernels/area.
Deviations above the line would indicate some grain yield compensation resulting from better grain filling of the reduced kernels/area.
Figure 1.
Relative corn grain yield as affected by relative kernels/area in an earlyseason corn water stress study, KSU-NWREC, Colby, Kansas, 1999-2007.
Relative kernels/area was found to be reasonably well related to relative July water use, the minimum available soil water in the top 4 ft of the soil profile during July and to the July 1 through July 15 water deficit.
Further analysis is needed to determine an improved overall relationship involving more than a single factor, but the individual factor results will be discussed here.
The 50% critical silking period for corn in this study ranged from approximately July 17 to July 22 during the study period.
The short-season hybrid in the latter study would typically silk approximately one week earlier.
A window of approximately two weeks on both sides around the silking period was used to compare the relative kernels/area to the relative July measured water use.
Actual soil water measurements were taken on an approximately weekly basis except for equipment problems or when excessive precipitation delayed measurements, so it was not possible with the data set to always have exactly 31 days of water use.
Dates used were those closest to July 1 through 31.
There tended to be some reduction in relative kernels/area when relative July water use was less than 80%.
Scatter at the lower end of relative July water use may be related to water-use differences occurring within the month or differences in evaporative demand between the years.
This relationship may not result in a very good signal for procedures to determine irrigation need because the relative July water use cannot be determined until it is too late to handle the reduction in relative kernels/area.
Figure 2.
Relative corn grain yield as affected by relative July water use in an earlyseason corn water stress study, KSU-NWREC, Colby, Kansas, 1999-2007.
The relative kernels/area tended to be reduced when July minimum available soil water in the top 4 ft was below 0.6 in some years.
During years of less evaporative demand, water could be extracted from the soil profile to a further reduced level without much detriment to relative kernels/area, but severe reductions occurred for similar soil water conditions in years with large July evaporative demands.
The upper and lower envelope lines of Figure 3 were manually drawn to indicate the effect of evaporative demand of the given year on relative kernels/area.
These envelopes would match known theories of water stress and water flow through plants.
Figure 3.
Relative kernels/area as affected by July minimum available soil water in the top 4 ft of soil in an early-season corn water stress study, KSU-NWREC, Colby, Kansas, 1999-2007.
The upper and lower lines are manually drawn to illustrate years with larger and smaller July evaporative demand.
Water stress is greater both with reduced available soil water and with greater evaporative demand.
The kernels/area was most sensitive to the JASW in the top 4 ft of soil as compared to both smaller and greater profile depths.
This is reflecting the approximate rooting and soil water extraction depth of corn in July on this soil type.

Table 2.

Summary of corn yield component and irrigation data from an early season water stress study for hybrids Pioneer 33B50 and 32B33, KSU-NWREC, Colby, Kansas, 2004-2007.

Year and Parameter Trt 1 Trt 2 Trt 3 Trt 4 Trt 5 Trt 6

2004 First Irrigation Hybrid 8-Jun 28-Jun 13-Jul 20-Jul 27-Jul 3-Aug

Total Irrig.

12.8 11.6 10.8 10.8 10.8 10.8

Yield 33B50 220 aA* 213 aA 206 aA 233 aA 245 aA 210 aA

32B33 226 aA 211 aA 209 aA 222 aA 229 aA 206 aA

Plant Pop.

33B50 29040 aA 28169 aA 28169 aA 28169 aA 28750 aA 27878 aA

32B33 28459 aA 29621 aA 29621 aA 28459 aA 29040 aA 28459 aA

Ears/Plant 33B50 0.85 aA 0.91 aA 0.89 aA 0.93 aA 0.88 aA 0.84 aA

32B33 0.88 aA 0.80 aA 0.79 aA 0.90 aA 0.83 aA 0.83 aA

Kernels/Ear 33B50 595 aB 574 aB 589 aB 595 aA 648 aA 590 aB

32B33 624 aA 616 aA 634 aA 600 aA 643 aA 612 aA

Kernel Wt.

33B50 38.0 aA 36.8 aA 35.7 aA 38.2 aA 38.2 aA 38.6 aA

32B33 36.8 aB 36.4 aA 36.2 aA 36.8 aB 37.6 aA 36.4 aB

2005 First Irrigation Hybrid 21-Jun 28-Jun 6-Jul 12-Jul 19-Jul 26-Jul

Total Irrig.

13.2 13.2 13.2 13.2 13.2 13.2

Yield 33B50 254 aA 259 aA 256 aA 238 abA 227 bA 149 cA

32B33 254 abcA 254 abcA 258 abA 264 aA 235 cA 162 dA

Plant Pop.

33B50 28750 aA 28459 aA 28459 aA 28459 aA 29621 aA 28169 aA

32B33 28459 aA 29040 aA 28459 aA 27848 aA 28750 aA 29621 aA

Ears/Plant 33B50 0.99 abA 1.00 aA 0.99 abA 0.98 abA 0.96 bcA 0.95 cA

32B33 0.98 bA 0.97 bcA 1.01 aA 1.00 abA 0.96 bcdA 0.94 dA

Kernels/Ear 33B50 641 abA 653 aA 670 aA 604 bA 564 cA 422 dA

32B33 638 bA 647 abA 644 abA 680 aA 654 abA 421 cA

Kernel Wt.

33B50 35.4 aA 35.4 aA 34.5 aA 36.0 aA 35.9 aA 33.6 aA

32B33 36.2 aA 35.4 aA 35.4 aA 35.5 aA 33.1 aA 35.1 aA

2006 First Irrigation Hybrid 8-Jun 15-Jun 26-Jun 29-Jun 6-Jul 14-Jul

Total Irrig.

14.0 13.6 12.8 12.8 12.4 12.4

Yield 33B50 225 aA 230 aA 220 aB 220 aA 220 aB 206 aB

32B33 229 aA 234 aA 246 aA 230 aA 241 aA 244 aA

Plant Pop.

33B50 27588 aA 27007 aA 28169 aA 28169 aA 27588 aA 27297 aA

32B33 28459 aA 27878 aA 28459 aA 27878 aA 28168 aA 28169 aA

Ears/Plant 33B50 0.98 aA 0.98 aA 0.99 aA 0.99 aA 0.99 aA 0.96 aA

32B33 0.96 aA 0.98 aA 0.98 aA 0.97 aA 0.98 aA 0.97 aA

Kernels/Ear 33B50 561 aB 594 aAB 544 aB 547 aB 550 aB 519 aB

32B33 597 aA 602 aA 618 aA 583 aA 585 aA 612 aA

Kernel Wt.

33B50 37.8 aA 37.2 aA 36.8 aA 36.5 aA 37.4 aA 38.7 aA

32B33 35.7 aA 36.2 aA 36.3 aA 37.1 aA 38.1 aA 37.2 aA

2007 First Irrigation Hybrid 7-Jun 21-Jun 28-Jun 4-Jul 12-Jul 19-Jul

Total Irrig.

12.1 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 10.9

Yield 33B50 243 aA 252 aA 250 aA 245 aA 234 aA 213 aA

32B33 259 aA 235 aA 252 aA 239 aA 255 aA 229 aA

Plant Pop.

33B50 29040 aA 29621 aA 29331 aA 28459 aA 29040 aA 28169 aA

32B33 29040 aA 28459 aA 28169 aA 27878 aA 28459 aA 28169 aA

Ears/Plant 33B50 0.98 aA 0.99 aA 1.00 aA 0.99 aA 0.99 aA 1.00 aA

32B33 0.98 aA 0.95 aA 0.99 aA 0.99 aA 0.99 aA 0.97 aA

Kernels/Ear 33B50 668 aB 672 aB 693 aA 682 aA 645 aB 597 aB

32B33 728 aA 724 aA 712 aA 712 aA 714 aA 674 aA

Kernel Wt.

33B50 32.5 aA 32.5 aA 31.2 aA 32.4 aA 32.0 aA 32.2 aA

32B33 31.6 aA 30.6 aA 32.3 aA 30.9 aA 32,3 aA 31.7 aA

Irrigation treatment values within the same row followed by the same lower case letters are not

significantly different at P=0.05, and hybrid treatment values within the same column followed by the

same upper case letters are not significantly different at P=0.05.

Graphical data analysis for pre-anthesis water stress studies

The tabular data do not give a mechanistic explanation of the results.

Attempts were made to relate yield component data to a large number of water factors in the broad categories of water use, evaporative demand, and critical profile soil water levels.

Relative values of yield and yield components were determined by normalizing each data point to the corresponding value for the earliest irrigation treatment in that year.

These relative values were used for comparisons between years.

Final grain yield was largely determined by the number of sinks or kernels/area indicating there was little or no effect on the grain-filling stage imposed by the vegetative and earlyreproductive period water stress in these two studies.

The individual treatment values of corn grain yield and kernels/area were values compared to the irrigation treatment that had no initial delay in irrigation to give relative values.

In a few cases, the Trt 1 values were not the highest value and, thus, relative values could be greater than one.

Deviations below the 1 to 1 unity line in Figure 1 would indicate a permanent negative effect on corn grain yield of early-season water stress because of reduced kernels/area.

Deviations above the line would indicate some grain yield compensation resulting from better grain filling of the reduced kernels/area.

Figure 1.

Relative corn grain yield as affected by relative kernels/area in an earlyseason corn water stress study, KSU-NWREC, Colby, Kansas, 1999-2007.

Relative kernels/area was found to be reasonably well related to relative July water use, the minimum available soil water in the top 4 ft of the soil profile during July and to the July 1 through July 15 water deficit.

Further analysis is needed to determine an improved overall relationship involving more than a single factor, but the individual factor results will be discussed here.

The 50% critical silking period for corn in this study ranged from approximately July 17 to July 22 during the study period.

The short-season hybrid in the latter study would typically silk approximately one week earlier.

A window of approximately two weeks on both sides around the silking period was used to compare the relative kernels/area to the relative July measured water use.

Actual soil water measurements were taken on an approximately weekly basis except for equipment problems or when excessive precipitation delayed measurements, so it was not possible with the data set to always have exactly 31 days of water use.

Dates used were those closest to July 1 through 31.

There tended to be some reduction in relative kernels/area when relative July water use was less than 80%.

Scatter at the lower end of relative July water use may be related to water-use differences occurring within the month or differences in evaporative demand between the years.

This relationship may not result in a very good signal for procedures to determine irrigation need because the relative July water use cannot be determined until it is too late to handle the reduction in relative kernels/area.

Figure 2.

Relative corn grain yield as affected by relative July water use in an earlyseason corn water stress study, KSU-NWREC, Colby, Kansas, 1999-2007.

The relative kernels/area tended to be reduced when July minimum available soil water in the top 4 ft was below 0.6 in some years.

During years of less evaporative demand, water could be extracted from the soil profile to a further reduced level without much detriment to relative kernels/area, but severe reductions occurred for similar soil water conditions in years with large July evaporative demands.

The upper and lower envelope lines of Figure 3 were manually drawn to indicate the effect of evaporative demand of the given year on relative kernels/area.

These envelopes would match known theories of water stress and water flow through plants.

Figure 3.

Relative kernels/area as affected by July minimum available soil water in the top 4 ft of soil in an early-season corn water stress study, KSU-NWREC, Colby, Kansas, 1999-2007.

The upper and lower lines are manually drawn to illustrate years with larger and smaller July evaporative demand.

Water stress is greater both with reduced available soil water and with greater evaporative demand.

The kernels/area was most sensitive to the JASW in the top 4 ft of soil as compared to both smaller and greater profile depths.

This is reflecting the approximate rooting and soil water extraction depth of corn in July on this soil type.