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// Copyright 2016 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
// +build linux darwin
// +build !appengine
package fastwalk
import "syscall"
func direntInode(dirent *syscall.Dirent) uint64 {
return uint64(dirent.Ino)
}
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{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
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Center for Family Studies
Family and Consumer Sciences Department
The Center for Family Studies was established in July 1998. Initially established as part of the Department's Child Study Center, which successfully operated on this campus from 1974 until 2001, the Center for Family Studies was established to address broader social issues and community needs.
The purpose of the Center for Family Studies is to promote the well being of families and family members by:
Promoting family -centered services in the community.
Providing family and consumer education programs in the community.
Providing students with opportunities to learn directly from multiethnic families in the community.
Supporting research on child, family and consumer issues.
Providing pre-service and in-service training for professionals and para-professionals working with families.
Little Kids, Big Questions: A ZERO TO THREE Podcast Series on Early Childhood Development
This podcast series is made possible with generous support from MetLife Foundation.
ZERO TO THREE'S podcast series, Little Kids, Big Questions, addresses some of the most common (and challenging) issues facing parents of babies and toddlers, such as: helping a baby learn to sleep through the night; dealing with a picky eater; and learning to set limits on children's behavior. These questions and more are covered in htis series of 12 podcasts, hosted by Ann Pleshette Murphy, a past contributor to ABC's Good Morning America Parenting Segment and Vice President of the ZERO TO THREE Board of Directors.
Each podcast features an interview with an expert that focuses on how to apply the research of early childhood development to your daily interactions with your baby or toddler.
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{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
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// Copyright 2016 the V8 project authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.
let {session, contextGroup, Protocol} =
InspectorTest.start('Tests scoped variable in Runtime.evaluate');
(async function test() {
InspectorTest.log('Evaluating \'let a = 42;\'');
var {result:{result}} = await Protocol.Runtime.evaluate({
expression:'let a = 42;'});
InspectorTest.logMessage(result);
InspectorTest.log('Evaluating \'a\'');
var {result:{result}} = await Protocol.Runtime.evaluate({
expression:'a'});
InspectorTest.logMessage(result);
InspectorTest.log('Evaluating \'let a = 239;\'');
var {result} = await Protocol.Runtime.evaluate({
expression:'let a = 239;'});
InspectorTest.logMessage(result);
InspectorTest.log('Evaluating \'a\'');
var {result:{result}} = await Protocol.Runtime.evaluate({
expression:'a'});
InspectorTest.logMessage(result);
InspectorTest.completeTest();
})();
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{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
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SAIKU README
------------------------------------------------------------------
Saiku Suite ${version}
OSBI Ltd
Saiku server is a modular OLAP server. Allowing you to use and internal Mondrian
Server or 3rd party XML/A servers for data sources, Saiku Server allows you to integrate
OLAP into your application with no MDX knowledge or writing. Saiku server also handles
security, and query saving and loading.
Hardware and software requirements
------------------------------------------------------------------
CPU: 1GHz
Ram: 512mb Min
Java 6
Installation instructions, getting started tips, and documentation
------------------------------------------------------------------
No need to install anything, the extracted package is enough. You only need to set your JAVA_HOME variable to get started!
Just execute the according script depending on your system: start-saiku.bat for Windows / start-saiku.sh for Mac/Linux.
You can then access your installation at the default address: http://localhost:8080/
Saiku is a standard Java Web Application using the Tomcat Webserver.
If you want to change the port just edit the following file accordingly: saiku-server/tomcat/conf/server.xml
The package includes a default mondrian connection to the sample OLAP database foodmart, if you want to add your own OLAP datasource follow the instructions in the knowledgebase:
https://github.com/OSBI/saiku/wiki/Adding-a-new-data-source
Important known problems
------------------------------------------------------------------
Pricing information
------------------------------------------------------------------
Free as in speech, not as in beer.
Donations are more than welcome.
Contact information
------------------------------------------------------------------
Email: [email protected]
Twitter: @SaikuAnalytics
©2015 OSBI LTD
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{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
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The difficult adolescents who are referred to a psychiatric unit--II. Clinical features and response to treatment.
The development of a new adolescent psychiatric unit for an urban area afforded the opportunity to study the range of cases that were referred. Using a special inventory that was developed and validated for the project distinct groups of youngsters were identified and their family characteristics studied. Of the conduct disordered group, a large proportion proved to be rather solitary and impulsive with a tendency towards outbursts of aggression. These adolescents and their families found least benefit from the family orientated approach of the unit. Of the remaining youngsters about 70 per cent showed symptomatic improvement, a rate which compares well with the findings from other outcome studies.
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{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
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The ChessBase Mega Database 2020 is the premiere chess database with over eight million games from 1560 to 2019 in high quality. Packing more than 85,000 annotated games, Mega 2020 contains the world‘s largest collection of high-class analysed games. Train like a pro! Prepare for your opponents with ChessBase and the Mega Database 2020. Let grandmasters explain how to best handle your favorite variations, improve your repertoire and much more.
5/21/2016 – Contrary to some fields where controlled steady progress is the norm, chess is dominated more often than not by timely bursts forward preceded by periods of seeming stagnation. It can be tricky knowing when it is one or the other. Here is the tale of just such a leap forward, as well as tips and recommendations to help you make your big leap.
When reading the new ratings lists, our curiosity naturally leads us to the names we know, names on the rise, and those on the fall. We cheer forth grandmasters as they work their way slowly but steadily up the Elo ladder and for those of us still working on moving up we hope to emulate them. Gained 15 Elo in two months, brilliant! This is a fair assessment if you are a grandmaster, or a long-time player with a well-established rating, but for players lower down with pools, no, lakes of untapped potential, the progression is much less likely to follow such a steady course.
When lifting weights in a gym, personal evolution is indeed about as linear and gradual a process as can be. There will never be a time where you were straining to do 10kg curls one week, but a couple of weeks later find yourself suddenly able to heave 30kg. At least such moments will not take place in the waking world.
Chess progress for beginners, or at the very least players who have never truly challenged their limits, is more about spurts and bursts than slow and steady. The size and depth of this burst is what varies the most. Sometimes that burst of results is a blip on the radar, a magic performance we are unable to sustain, and sometimes it is simply our new reality. The latter is what we all wish for. How do we achieve that leap forward, and how do we know we aren't simply 'stuck'?
I personally experienced this situation when I was starting in chess, and therefore sympathize more than you know with all those trying to improve. Before discussing some of the lessons and pitfalls, allow me to share the tale of my personal big leap.
My big leap
I got into chess quite late by all standards, knowing how some of the pieces moved, but not all the chess rules, until I was 17. When I started, I was clueless on how to best progress, and soon began purchasing chess books from the Librairie St. Germain, a specialized chess store in Paris.
The two books that really had an impact were Richard Reti's Masters of the Chessboard, a guided tour of the world champions and the evolution of chess all while teaching chess to a novice. It did wonders to fuel my love and fascination of the game, as well as instill concepts I could seek to develop. Still, Yaacov Neishtadt's primer on tactics (and it could have been any author really) was the real door-opener and my chess finally began to take off. My first rating was 1580, pretty much in line with that of several of my chess buddies.
A great classic, this work by Richard Reti manages to do it all: sharing the
evolution of chess through the insights of the world champions, all while
imparting the basic concepts of combinations, development, and more.
A year later, I was rated 1810 in France, but a number of my friends had already made even greater gains, and I began to feel like the tail-ender of the pack. I asked a close friend, FM François Vareille, for advice on what to study, and he suggested a trilogy on strategy by Ludek Pachman, having been key to his personal leap forward.
By now, I had finally formulated a genuine longterm goal: achieve a FIDE rating. It bears explaining that while nowadays that is a 1400 Elo threshold, back then 2200 Elo was the minimum to achieve one, and was the first holy grail of a budding player. A national rating of 2000 in France meant you were a well-respected first category player, but the first claim to fame that garnered silent nods of respect, and possibly admiration, was a FIDE rating. We had a few at my club, and they were clearly gods of chess. A casual glance at a position would yield an immediate and unquestioned, "White is better" or "Black is better". I wanted to reach that level of chess omniscience.
We can't all be super prodigies like Samuel Reshevsky abov, age 8, giving a simul
I read through the two first books by Pachman, covering topics such as piece development, placement (volume one), pawn structures of all kinds (volume two), and truly my game began to take on a different shape. I took down tons of notes at every page, but my study of tactics and calculation had slowed down to almost a complete stop. A year later, while two of my friends had by now broken past that ineffable barrier, my rating had now trickled (to my mind) to 1880.
Was I really so much less talented? Was I going to have to recalibrate my expectations and content myself with being a 'first category player'? The truth is that I was still integrating all the new strategic concepts I had been studying, almost to the detriment of the tactical weapons I had already developed in my arsenal. It wasn't that I had only earned 70 Elo in positional knowledge, it was that I was trying to apply it all to the exclusion of everything else, leading to a situation of three steps forward, but two steps back. This is normal and common, and the brain often takes time, going from one extreme to the other, to balance it all out.
Needless to say, I did not see it this way, and was feeling quite disheartened, perhaps slightly betrayed by my new love, who was no longer reciprocating my passion, but now seemed to be singing a tune of 'let's just be friends'.
That pretty much sums up how I felt
At this point in time, I was now packing my bags to go to the US to college, could not bring my growing collection of chess books, but did not want to be idle. I therefore decided that if my time for chess threatened to be limited, I would need to be exceptionally efficient. In fact, if I was going to be without the rich chess options of Paris, I might consider myself lucky if I just staved off stagnation.
After perusing for days the endless rows of chess books of my favorite chess bookstore (there were now two in Paris), I found one Russian trainer whose methodology of tactics seemed to hit all the right chords of logic. His approach made perfect sense (the titles of the books did not) and what was more: actively suggested not trying to cram it all down in one sitting. 2-3 study sessions a week at most please.
The trilogy of books with the extremely well-conceived system did wonders.
There were issues with some of the diagrams, it needs to be noted, but they
did not detract from the meat of the books.
My time in Madison, Wisconsin, revealed I had not misread the situation. At all. The only chess club at the time met for exactly one-and-a-half hours once a week late Tuesday nights. This was in contrast to my club in Paris that ran all day and well into the night every single day! And this was hardly exceptional there.
The times of a chess club "open every day" such as my previous one, Chess XV, were to end
I stuck to my guns, and steadily worked my way through the system developed by Livshitz. His idea was almost exactly like weight-lifting systems in gyms: slowly but surely increasing the difficulty, always measured in both the material and training. Even the topics were carefully selected per maximum usefulness: what would bring the most benefit at a determined rating.
The dearth of chess there was saddening, so I also decided to give something back and teamed up with a local player to give free classes to kids every Sunday morning at a popular coffeehouse bookstore, a concept still gaining popularity at the time.
The Wisconsin newspaper, The Capital Times, ran a special on the chess initiative.
Yes, I sported very long hair and a goatee at the time.... No comment!
As to competition, sadly: zilch. This was by no means ideal, but it was the situation at the time. This lasted for about three years before I moved to Rio de Janeiro.
It was 1994, and I was now living in a big city once more, and I was starved for some chess competition. After a few months of nothing, I saw an ad in the paper announcing the 1st Majestic Tournament of the Naval Club reserved for players rated at least 2000. I was not concerned and lied my way into it, explaining my rating was 2005 in France. This was before the Internet, and the organizers just scratched their heads and put me in. In my mind, I felt that I should be able to handle 2000, and if I underperformed to 1900+, no big deal. The important thing was that I was finally going to play a tournament! Oh yes!
I knew I had improved some, so my expectation wasn't wild fantasy. The most recent testing material I had been doing, supposedly geared for players rated 2000-2200 with time limits of 50-60 minutes, I had been solving in 15 with no errors. What that translated to in real life I had no idea, but balanced with extreme tournament rust, it still had to work in my favor, no?
The first round started and I was paired with some player called Ricardo da Silva Teixeira. No rating was given. Whatever. He himself was late, and after arriving some 15 minutes after the clocks had started, just sat down, shook my hand briefly and jotted down his name and mine on his scoresheet, while I peered carefully to see what rating he put. He left the rest all blank, and just made his move. No matter. Focus on the game, enjoy it.
Early on I sacrificed my exchange to accelerate play on the kingside where I began pushing forward, and as my attack picked up speed, I felt that the game was now mine to lose as I was sure the tactics were going to work in my favor. I glanced up and noticed a large gathering around us. Startled, I realized many of them were players still playing their games. I looked back at the board. Ok, the attack was in full bloom, and I could see the winning tactics by now, but this was hardly a game by Tal, so what was the big fuss? When he resigned, I received several enthusiastic congratulations, though I had trouble understanding what was up as my Portuguese was extremely limited still.
"You beat Ricardo Teixeira!"
"Yeah, so what? Who is Ricardo Teixeira?"
"He is a state champion and rated 2305 FIDE!"
I gaped. No, that was absurd. Ricardo graciously complimented my play, saying that he had expected an easy first-round opponent, and had never anticipated my level of play. I protested I was really only 1880. He smirked, 'not for long'.
FM Ricardo Teixeira - Albert Silver
[Event "Naval CC Magistral 1st"] [Site "Rio de Janeiro"] [Date "1994.06.??"] [Round "1"] [White "Teixeira, Ricardo da Silva"] [Black "Silver, Albert Winston"] [Result "0-1"] [ECO "A26"] [WhiteElo "2305"] [PlyCount "74"] [EventDate "1994.06.??"] [EventType "swiss"] [EventRounds "9"] [EventCountry "BRA"] [Source "ChessBase"] [SourceDate "2005.11.24"] 1. c4 Nf6 2. Nc3 g6 3. g3 Bg7 4. Bg2 O-O 5. d3 d6 6. Nf3 e5 7. O-O Nc6 8. Rb1 a5 {It needs to be said that at the time, my opening theory was quite close to non-existent, and was mostly in the domain of 'principled play'.} 9. a3 Nh5 10. b4 axb4 11. axb4 f5 12. Nd5 f4 13. b5 Ne7 14. Nd2 g5 {An attacking move, but I was ready to give up the exchange for my rook on a8 if it bought me time to get a lead in the race.} 15. b6 c6 16. Nc7 Ra5 17. Ne4 g4 18. Bd2 Ra2 19. Qb3 Rxd2 {Taking here is obvious and the only point of Ra2.} 20. Nxd2 Nf5 21. Rfc1 $2 {This is a blunder and completely underestimates the impending threats on his king. Clearly I was not being taken seriously.} ({Years later, revisiting this game, the engines pointed out a missed resource that neither I, nor Ricardo ever saw.} 21. Bxc6 $5 bxc6 22. b7 Bxb7 23. Qxb7 {It is still unclear, unless you are playing correspondence chess, but perhaps this was better than the game's continuation.} fxg3 24. hxg3 Nhxg3 25. fxg3 Qg5 $1 {And I get back the knight, since White must parry more serious threats like mate.}) 21... Bh6 22. Rb2 fxg3 23. hxg3 {[#]} Nhxg3 $1 24. fxg3 Be3+ 25. Kf1 Nd4+ 26. Ke1 Nxb3 27. Rxb3 Rf2 {Both of use were quite short on time, in spite of the 40 moves in two hours time control} 28. Be4 Bxd2+ 29. Kxd2 Qg5+ 30. Ke1 Qe3 31. Rc2 Qxg3 32. Kd2 Rf1 33. Ne8 Qe1+ 34. Ke3 Qf2+ 35. Kd2 Qe1+ 36. Ke3 g3 37. Nxd6 Bg4 0-1 [Event "Naval CC Magistral 1st"] [Site "Rio de Janeiro"] [Date "1994.06.??"] [Round "1"] [White "Teixeira, Ricardo da Silva"] [Black "Silver, Albert Winston"] [Result "0-1"] [ECO "A26"] [WhiteElo "2305"] [PlyCount "74"] [EventDate "1994.06.??"] [EventType "swiss"] [EventRounds "9"] [EventCountry "BRA"] [Source "ChessBase"] [SourceDate "2005.11.24"] 1. c4 Nf6 2. Nc3 g6 3. g3 Bg7 4. Bg2 O-O 5. d3 d6 6. Nf3 e5 7. O-O Nc6 8. Rb1 a5 {It needs to be said that at the time, my opening theory was quite close to non-existent, and was mostly in the domain of 'principled play'.} 9. a3 Nh5 10. b4 axb4 11. axb4 f5 12. Nd5 f4 13. b5 Ne7 14. Nd2 g5 {An attacking move, but I was ready to give up the exchange for my rook on a8 if it bought me time to get a lead in the race.} 15. b6 c6 16. Nc7 Ra5 17. Ne4 g4 18. Bd2 Ra2 19. Qb3 Rxd2 {Taking here is obvious and the only point of Ra2.} 20. Nxd2 Nf5 21. Rfc1 $2 {This is a blunder and completely underestimates the impending threats on his king. Clearly I was not being taken seriously.} ({Years later, revisiting this game, the engines pointed out a missed resource that neither I, nor Ricardo ever saw.} 21. Bxc6 $5 bxc6 22. b7 Bxb7 23. Qxb7 {It is still unclear, unless you are playing correspondence chess, but perhaps this was better than the game's continuation.} fxg3 24. hxg3 Nhxg3 25. fxg3 Qg5 $1 {And I get back the knight, since White must parry more serious threats like mate.}) 21... Bh6 22. Rb2 fxg3 23. hxg3 {[#]} Nhxg3 $1 24. fxg3 Be3+ 25. Kf1 Nd4+ 26. Ke1 Nxb3 27. Rxb3 Rf2 {Both of use were quite short on time, in spite of the 40 moves in two hours time control} 28. Be4 Bxd2+ 29. Kxd2 Qg5+ 30. Ke1 Qe3 31. Rc2 Qxg3 32. Kd2 Rf1 33. Ne8 Qe1+ 34. Ke3 Qf2+ 35. Kd2 Qe1+ 36. Ke3 g3 37. Nxd6 Bg4 0-1
This gave me a huge boost of confidence, and suffice it to say, I probably would not have played quite so uninhibited had I known the true strength of my adversary. Ignorance is bliss. As such I went on to face other 2200+ players full of self-belief. I played another tournament a month later, and achieved a FIDE rating of 2230, a leap of 350 Elo, which I confirmed over the following years.
That breakthrough tournament held in 1994, took place in the Clube de Engenharia as the
Clube Naval was undergoing renovations. A few days ago, the Clube de Engenharia re-opened
their chess department, celebrating it with a simul by former world no.3, Brazilian GM Mecking.
Your author, Albert Silver is on his right, and FM Ricardo Teixeira is on the left. As it turned out
Ricardo became one of my oldest and dearest friends. (Photo by Fernando Alvim)
I do not doubt many players have their own tales of success such as this, but also believe there are some universal lessons that can be taken from it and applied to others still wondering whether their goals are achievable in spite of any failures they may have experienced on the way.
Goals
Set up a goal that is neither too modest, nor too lofty. You don't want 'baby steps' nor do you want a 'giant leap for mankind'. Goals can also be treacherous since the finishing line can sometimes be the hardest to cross, so always aim a bit beyond. Want to reach 1800? Make your goal 2000, where 1800 is just a stepping stone.
Progress
Chess progress is rarely linear so be prepared to see long periods of 'stagnation' even if you are studying regularly and feel your level should have increased. Our brains can take time to organize it all, and the leap will probably be when it begins to click inside.
Method
Make sure you have a method that will increase your arsenal and preferably is measurable. How and what you study is no less important than how much or how long, maybe even more so. In an ideal world one would want a comprehensive understanding of all aspects of the game, but in our hectic hustle and bustle, infinite time is not even a luxury the young have. Aim for tools that will yield the most efficient results, and gradually add the rest in order of importance. What are those tools if you are rated 2000 or less?
The absolute number one: tactics, tactics, tactics. You will want a grounding in all aspects, with an understanding of positional basics as well as endgame, but tactics will be your biggest savior and weapon overall in your earliest stages.
I have a few comments on studying tactics though. I am a firm believer in solving it yourself. I have recently heard of schools of thought, even from strong players, claiming that it is ok to see the solution without trying too hard since it will add to the pattern recognition. I'm sure it must sound reasonable under some perspectives, but personally I think that is utter nonsense. Don't worry about spending 10-20 minutes or whatnot on a position (presuming it is not completely out of your reach) if needed. True you won't have that time in a real world game, but so what? You are studying, right? The idea is to train your brain until it is able to find them, and like all things that start hard at first, with time it will get easier and quicker. If you are truly stuck, try the old Russian idea: test every legal position! If even that fails, as a rule, I will instead move to the next, solve a few others, and try to refresh my mind before giving it a second go. Looking at the solution, which I will do if all else fails, is a last resort choice.
Ratings
Ratings are always one of those complicated things, since on the one hand they give you a way to measure your progress but on the other hand can take away your focus from what you are doing to reach your goals. Be patient and remember that like it or not, progress is really going to be measured in the long term, not an event or two. Above all, never forget that ratings don't win games, good moves do.
When you see a top player such as Hikaru Nakamura state that he is not too worried about his placement in an event, but is more focused on just trying to play his best chess, it is not just to look good on camera. He knows that if he can forget the rest and just enjoys the moment and plays his best, good things will happen.
Recommendations from the ChessBase Shop
Beginner to Intermediate Tactics
which to recommend, but you can never
go wrong with Daniel King, hence this
suggestion for his With so many choices, it is hard to knowwhich to recommend, but you can nevergo wrong with Daniel King, hence thissuggestion for his Power Play 14 on tactics
own course on tactics here, covering ideas
as well as his own method in Top GM Rustam Kasimdzhanov brings hisown course on tactics here, covering ideasas well as his own method in The Path to
Tactical Strength.
Advanced Tactics
was originally published as book in the
USA, has been considerably improved and
expanded. It is also quite challenging. The Magic of Chess Tactics , which in 2002was originally published as book in theUSA, has been considerably improved andexpanded. It is also quite challenging.
was no less challenging, with hundreds of
new positions and quizes to test. Not aimed
at beginners, it is a fun DVD for the student. The sequel, The Magic of Chess Tactics 2 was no less challenging, with hundreds ofnew positions and quizes to test. Not aimedat beginners, it is a fun DVD for the student.
Also, do not forget the excellent Tactics Trainer web app in ChessBase Account, which provides nearly
unlimited (over 50 thousand positions) training and that adapts to your ability.
Positional play / Strategy
and want a friendly yet thorough look, then
is a good start. If you are still wetting your feet in strategy,and want a friendly yet thorough look, then First Steps in Chess Strategy is a good start.
Mikhalchishin produced a five-DVD series
called Veteran trainer and grandmaster, AdrianMikhalchishin produced a five-DVD seriescalled Strategy University . This is vol. 1
Endgame
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Previously announced as the “Shin Megami Tensei IV Official Artworks + Journey into Mythology,” the Shin Megami Tensei IV Final official art book cover has been revealed.
The art book will contain artwork from Shin Megami Tensei IV: Apocalypse, “Journey into Mythology” entries, the SMT IV: Apocalypse prequel short story, and developer interviews.
The Shin Megami Tensei IV Final art book will be releasing on June 30, 2016 in Japan. The Amazon page for it can be seen here.
In addition to artwork, the “Shin Megami Tensei IV Final Official Artworks + Journey into Mythology” book will also feature entries from the “journey into the world of mythology” series that writer Nobuyuki Shioda has written articles for on a weekly basis for several months now, and which ended on March 25th with the final entry.
Journey into Mythology articles:
Monotheism and Polytheism (Japanese) — (English) Celtic Mythology and Dagda (Japanese) — (English) Indian Mythology and Krishna (Japanese) — (English) Mysticism and Satan (Japanese) — (English) Greek Mythology and Medusa (Japanese) — (English) Miroku and Salvation in Buddhism (Japanese) — (English) Odin and Germanic Gods (Japanese) — (English) Yamato Regime Mythology and Sukuna-Hikona (Japanese) — (English) Chinese Mythology and Tao Tie (Japanese) — (English) Ainu Mythology and Cironnup (Japanese) — (English) The Birth of Humanity and of Gods (Japanese) — (English) The Legend of Fairies and Napaea (Japanese) Orient Mythology and Inanna (Japanese) Paganism and Adramalech (Japanese) Buddhism in Edo Japan (Edo Mandala) (Japanese) Dragon Mythology and Shesha (Japanese) Legend of Heroes and Siegfried (Japanese) Mythology and History (Japanese) Egyptian Civilization and Cleopatra (Japanese) Mephisto and the Devil (Japanese)
Product Details
Name: Shin Megami Tensei IV Final Official Artworks + Journey into Mythology
Shin Megami Tensei IV Final Official Artworks + Journey into Mythology Release Date: June 30, 2016 (delayed from April 22 and June 2)
June 30, 2016 (delayed from April 22 and June 2) Price: 2,700 yen
2,700 yen Type: Softcover book
Softcover book Publisher: Ichijinsha
Ichijinsha Language: Japanese
The Shin Megami Tensei IV: Official Artworks art book was localized in English by Udon earlier this year.
Shin Megami Tensei IV: Apocalypse (known as Shin Megami Tensei IV Final in Japan) was released for the Nintendo 3DS on February 10, 2016 in Japan. It will release in summer 2016 in North America.
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A simple swab of the cheek may hold the answer to Mary Ann Mahometa’s diet problem. She told CBS 2’s Kristine Johnson recently that she’s been struggling with her weight for years.
“The weight just kind of comes on a little at a time; half pound, a pound, two pounds a year and you don’t really notice it until you start feeling a little sluggish, the clothes don’t fit quite the way they used to,” Mahometa said.
“It’s an incredible tool. It really is because then you know how you have to change your diet based on your own personal results,” nutritionist Jennifer Burns said.
The test is easy. Collect a DNA sample from inside your cheek and mail it away for analysis. The results will arrive in about two weeks.
To get the most out of it, Mahometa said she went over her results with a nutritionist.
“It talks about food and makes it a little more realistic. You understand about carbs; you understand fats; you understand being a better balance,” Burns said.
Mahometa’s test indicated that a diet low in fats, with high-intensity exercise was best suited for her. In four months, she lost 17 pounds.
Linda Marcel also took this DNA test. As with Mahometa, Marcel said she discovered she, too, was best suited for a low-fat diet with high-intensity exercise. Over two years she said she lost 50 pounds and managed to keep it off.
“It gives me the power and the control that I always wanted,” Marcel said.
“When you look at the genetic tests they are basically looking at what you’re metabolic rate is. They look to see if you are predisposed to other illnesses. They’re going to tailor your diet based on those risk factors,” Dr. Lisa Ghanju said.
Carolyn Katzin is the founder of another DNA Diet. She said she uses patients’ existing medical tests as well as a questionnaire to determine a diet best suited for their genetic makeup.
“Some people are very frustrated. Why they find weight loss so difficult is because they have a very slow metabolism and you really can’t tell by looking at yourself if that’s the case. You need to do some imaging and testing,” Katzin said.
“Carolyn has gotten to the bottom of things where I need more protein; I need more omegas in my diet. The way she shaped it towards me makes it much easier for me to include in my lifestyle,” patient Jocelyn Story said.
DNA Diet test kits cost about $170.
“At this point it’s a bit of a novelty and if people are losing weight with it that’s great and I would say keep doing it if that’s working for you,” Dr. Ghanju said.
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Questions raised over EU emissions trading
Business and environmental groups have called for changes to the EU emissions trading scheme (ETS) after new figures show some countries are failing to use it to cut pollution.
A review of its first year of operation finds only six countries used the ETS - where firms are given credits which they can exchange for the right to emit carbon dioxide - to actually reduce the limit on average greenhouse gas output last year.
Overall, the ETS permits, which apply in all 25 members of the European Union, allowed companies the right to emit about 45 million tonnes more carbon dioxide emissions than they needed last year.
Friends of the Earth senior campaigner Germana Canzi insisted this was not good enough, saying: "Many governments gave away far too many pollution permits to their industries.
"They must now all urgently review their strategy for tackling climate change and ensure that tougher targets are set on industry pollution for the next phase of the scheme.
"Cost-effective solutions to climate change exist, but countries across Europe, including the UK, must get their act together and start showing some leadership on tackling it."
Britain was one of those countries which cut its carbon dioxide emissions, issuing 27 million less allowances last year than in 2005, and the figures showed 99.6 per cent of firms had complied with the scheme on time.
But British businesses are now concerned that the regulations placed on them are not being enforced elsewhere, and warned the EU must take action to ensure cross-border cooperation.
Michael Roberts, director of business environment at the Confederation of British Industry (CBI), said today's figures were "very disappointing".
"They reveal that while the UK was rigorous in setting a tight allocation to reduce pollution most other EU countries were far too lax," he said.
"There needs to be joint responsibility across the EU to tackle climate change and setting a level playing field for businesses to compete upon is essential to this.
"However these real concerns should not overshadow the hard work business has invested to get the carbon trading scheme up and running - it remains the critical mechanism for encouraging business to reduce emissions."
For his party, environment and climate change minister Ian Pearson admitted that while the system "appears to be functioning effectively", there were questions about "the stringency of the caps in some member states".
"I will be encouraging the [EU] Commission to use this information to improve the enforcement of tough caps for Phase II so that the scheme provides the appropriate incentives for investment in clean technology," he said.
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{
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Research-practice gaps in child mental health.
To present a framework for classifying research-practice gaps to increase clarity in the discourse on evidence-informed practice and policy as it applies to child mental health. The development of the framework was informed by the research literature about the effectiveness of clinic- and community-based interventions for the prevention and treatment of child mental health problems, patterns of uptake of these interventions, and the research literature about evidence-informed practice and policy. Four types of research-practice gaps are proposed: (1) the failure to implement interventions found to be effective, and the implementation of interventions (2) that have been demonstrated to cause harm, (3) that have evidence of no effect, and (4) where the effectiveness is unknown because of the lack of rigorous evaluation. Examples from child mental health are provided for each type. This framework could guide an agenda aimed at reducing research-practice gaps in child mental health. A range of strategies may be required to address the different types of gaps.
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{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
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**How to cite this article:** Etemadifar M, Mehrbod N, Dehghani L, Golabbakhsh A, Fereidan-Esfahani M, Akbari M, et al. Prevalence of Lhermitte\'s sign in multiple sclerosis versus neuromyelitis optica. Iran J Neurol 2014; 13(1): 50-1.
Lhermitte\'s sign (LS) is one of the sensory injuries of the spinal cord which is frequent in some demyelinating diseases. The sign refers to a transient electric-shock like sensation and sometimes tingling or buzzing in the neck that runs down the spine and into limbs. It is triggered by movement including the flexion and rarely by extension or rotation of the neck, walking and bending and even sometimes it is spontaneous and can be attend by a sense of intend pain.^[@CIT0001],\ [@CIT0002]^ Although LS is not limited to multiple sclerosis (MS), it is highly prevalent in MS and other similar demyelinating disorders e.g. neuromyelitis optica (NMO).^[@CIT0003]^ This cross-sectional study was conducted in Isfahan MS Society (IMSS) from April 2003 to July 2010. This study aimed to inspect the prevalence of LS among MS and NMO patients. All the patients were asked for the history of LS at presentation or during subsequent clinical surveillance. LS was considered to be positive if a transient electric shock sensation, tingling, rippling or other feelings had travelled rapidly along the neck and limbs.^[@CIT0003]^ If the symptom had occurred, details of clinical and demographic features were determined based on follow-up records. The study protocol was approved by institutional Ethics Committee. A total of 3522 MS patients and 78 NMO patients were enrolled in this study. 153 patients with MS (including 41 males and 112 females) and 16 patients with NMO (including 8 males and 8 females) with positive history of LS were recruited. At the time of interview, their ages were ranged from 15-50 years, with mean age of 29.26 ± 7.26 in MS patients and 28.31 ± 6.98 years in NMO patients. The prevalence of LS among MS patients (4.3%) was significantly lower than NMO patients (20.5%) (P \< 0.0001). 5.9% of the MS and 12.5% of the NMO patients had a positive family history of Lhermitte\'s sign. It was observed that a higher proportion of patients with NMO rather than MS experienced the sign (20.5% vs. 4.3%). This is comparable to a study by Kanchandani in which has been reported that 33.3% of 114 patients with MS experienced LS.^[@CIT0001]^ It is also noteworthy that in the past NMO was considered as one of the subtypes of MS which can justify that maybe these diversities are due to the fact that in the past, LS positive patients with NMO, were reported as LS positive patients with MS. Although the precise etiology of LS is still elusive, previous studies reveaed that movement of demyelinated axons in posterior columns of the spinal cord could be a rational explanation.^[@CIT0003]^ According to previous studies, patients presenting with LS may also have some signs of vitamin B^12^ deficiency.^[@CIT0002]^ Deficiency of vitamin B^12^ (Cobalamin) is a potential cause of neurologic complications such as demyelination of axonal sheath in central and peripheral nerves which manifests with general weakness and paresthesia and sometimes LS. In line with these manifestations, vitamin B^12^ deficiency may serve as a metabolic factor for imperfect methylation of a major component of CNS myelin which is myelin basic protein (MBP). Several studies demonstrated low levels of vitamin B^12^ in MS patients but there is still no report about the level of the Cobalamin in NMO patients.^[@CIT0004]^ Hence, a question that arises from the preceding data is, whether there is any association between Cobalamin levels and occurrence of LS in patients with MS and NMO. In line with other studies we observed that cervical plaques are more evident among NMO patients and also a higher proportion of patients with NMO experienced LS rather than MS patients.^[@CIT0005]^ Overall, there is a higher prevalence of LS among NMO patients than MS patients. Further studies should be performed in order to support our findings.
Conflict of Interests {#S0001}
=====================
The authors declare no conflict of interest in this study.
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{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
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Rapid treatment of atrazine-contaminated water by nickel/iron bimetallic system.
The utility of nickel/iron in the remediation of atrazine-contaminated water was investigated. The experimental results showed that nickel/iron had effective catalytic activity in dechlorinating atrazine under acidic conditions. The dechlorination reaction approximately followed the first-order kinetics under the experimental conditions (nickel/iron: 1.0 g/250 ml; C(atrazine) = 20.0 mg/L), the reaction rate increased with decreasing pH value of the reaction solution and increasing the proportion of Ni : Fe within 2.95%. For condition with 2.95% nickel/iron, the reaction rate constants were 0.07518 (R = 0.9927), 0.06212 (R = 0.9846) and 0.00131 min(-1) (R = 0.9565) at pH = 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0, respectively. HPLC analysis was used to monitor the decline of atrazine concentration.
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{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
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USCA1 Opinion
February 2, 1993 [NOT FOR PUBLICATION] UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FIRST CIRCUIT ___________________ No. 92-1701 RICARDO PADILLA PEREZ, Plaintiff, Appellant, v. SECRETARY OF HEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES, Defendant, Appellee. __________________ APPEAL FROM THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF PUERTO RICO [Hon. Juan M. Perez-Gimenez, U.S. District Judge] ___________________ ___________________ Before Breyer, Chief Judge, ___________ Torruella and Selya, Circuit Judges. ______________ ___________________ Raymond Rivera Esteves and Juan A. Hernandez Rivera on brief ______________________ ________________________ for appellant. Daniel F. Lopez Romo, United States Attorney, Jose Vazquez _____________________ ____________ Garcia, Assistant United States Attorney, and Amy S. Knopf, ______ _____________ Assistant Regional Counsel, Department of Health and Human Services, on brief for appellee. __________________ __________________ Per Curiam. Claimant Ricardo Padilla Perez appeals __________ a district court judgment affirming a decision of the Secretary of Health and Human Services denying his third claim for Social Security disability benefits. We affirm. I. Claimant was born in Puerto Rico on February 7, 1940. He completed the first grade and is illiterate. As an adult, claimant resided and worked in the mainland United States and Puerto Rico. He speaks some English. Claimant worked as a bookbinder in the New York City area, a job that largely required that he stand and pack cartons with books and occasionally use a power press. In Puerto Rico, claimant worked as a road laborer for the Department of Natural Resources performing maintenance and cleaning work. Claimant filed three applications for disability benefits based on an alleged mental impairment. The first was filed in Puerto Rico on September 2, 1982 and alleged that claimant had been unable to work since September 11, 1981 due to a nervous condition. The Social Security Administration (SSA) denied that claim after initial review and reconsideration. The decision on reconsideration took place in May 1983 and claimant did not seek further review. Two years later, he filed his second application in New York, again alleging September 11, 1981 as his date of onset.1 ____________________ 1. This second application was filed during the grace period created by the 1984 Social Security Disability Reform Act, Pub. L. 98-460, and entitled claimant to a redetermination of That claim also was denied upon initial review and reconsideration. This time, claimant sought review by an administrative law judge (ALJ). After a full hearing at which claimant and medical advisor Rafael Nogueras (a psychiatrist) testified, the ALJ ruled that claimant was not disabled on March 27, 1986. The Appeals Council declined further review, thus rendering the ALJ's decision final. Claimant did not seek judicial review. He immediately filed his third application, which is the subject of this appeal.2 In contrast to his first two applications, claimant amended his third application to allege February 25, 1978 as his date of onset. (Tr. 272).3 The SSA determined that some of the earnings that had been attributed to claimant when his previous applications were processed were not, in fact, claimant's earnings. (Tr. 292, 296). Consequently, the SSA redetermined claimant's insured status and found that it ____________________ the whole period presented by his earlier claim. (Tr. 497). 2. Although claimant's third application alleged a back impairment, he indicated that his primary ailment was mental. The sole issue presented in this appeal is whether claimant was disabled by his mental impairment. 3. Claimant filed a statement in connection with his third application wherein he alleged that he lost his Social Security card in New York and that the earnings that appeared in his record after 1978 did not belong to him. (Tr. 294). -3- expired on June 30, 1983. (Tr. 298).4 The SSA denied claimant's third application on the ground of res judicata on ___ ________ initial review, reconsideration, and following a limited hearing by an ALJ.5 The Appeals Council vacated this decision, finding that the ALJ's March 1986 decision did not address certain consultative evaluations from the pre-June 1983 period. The Appeals Council directed the ALJ's attention to these reports and instructed him to issue a new decision after considering "all pertinent evidence of record." (Tr. 504). A supplemental hearing was held. Once again, claimant and Dr. Nogueras testified. Although claimant maintained that he had not worked since 1978, the ALJ found that he had earnings in 1980 and 1981 and that the question was whether claimant was disabled between September 11, 1981 (his previously alleged date of onset) and June 30, 1983 (when his insured status expired). The ALJ found that during this period, claimant suffered from an anxiety related disorder and from alcohol abuse in remission. This finding was based largely on the testimony of Dr. Nogueras. (Tr. 27, 29). This condition resulted in only moderate restrictions on claimant's activities of daily living and social ____________________ 4. The SSA's prior denial assumed that claimant was insured through September 30, 1987. (Tr. 250). 5. We note that the ALJ who adjudicated claimant's third application was not the same ALJ who denied his second application. -4- functioning during the relevant period, and seldom resulted in deficiencies of persistence, concentration or pace. The ALJ further found that claimant never suffered from episodes of deterioration or decompensation in work or work-like settings. (Tr. 20). Where the evidence in the record indicated that claimant's past jobs were unskilled, simple to perform, and required no complex mental functions, the ALJ concluded that claimant's anxiety disorder did not preclude him from performing his past work before June 30, 1983. The Appeals Council declined claimant's request for review, thus rendering this second ALJ's decision final. (Tr. 5-6). Claimant sought judicial review under 42 U.S.C. 405(g). The district court adopted the report of a magistrate judge and found that claimant had failed to prove that he was disabled before June 30, 1983. This appeal followed. II. In evaluating any disability claim based on an alleged mental impairment, the SSA must follow the sequential evaluation process outlined in 20 C.F.R. 404.1520 and 404.1520a. See Goodermote v. Secretary of Health and Human ___ __________ _____________________________ Services, 690 F. 2d 5, 6-7 (1st Cir. 1982). Bearing in mind ________ that Social Security proceedings are not, strictly speaking, adversarial, Deblois v. Secretary of Health and Human _______ __________________________________ Services, 686 F.2d 76, 80 (1st Cir. 1982), it remains the ________ claimant's burden to prove that his mental impairment -5- disabled him from performing his past relevant work before ______ his insured status expired. See, e.g., Santiago v. Secretary ___ ____ ________ _________ of Health and Human Services, 944 F.2d 1, 5 (1st Cir. 1991); ____________________________ Gray v. Heckler, 760 F.2d 369, 371 (1st Cir. 1985); Deblois, ____ _______ _______ 686 F.2d at 77. Our review is limited to determining whether the findings of the Secretary are supported by substantial evidence on the record as a whole. Ortiz v. Secretary of _____ ____________ Health and Human Services, 955 F.2d 765, 769 (1st Cir. ____________________________ 1991)(per curiam). As it is undisputed that claimant's insured status expired on June 30, 1983, the issue here is whether substantial evidence supports the Secretary's nondisabled finding for the period before this date. It is not enough for the claimant to establish that an impairment which disabled him from working after his insured status expired had its _____ roots before then. Deblois, 686 F.2d at 79. While there is _______ evidence indicating that claimant's condition may have reached disabling severity after 1986, on balance, we are compelled to agree that claimant has not shown that he was disabled before June 30, 1983. We review the record. III. The earliest medical records indicate that claimant reported experiencing nervous problems and daily alcohol consumption in 1976 while securing treatment for trauma to his left knee. He did not seek treatment for his nerves -6- then. (Tr. 358-59). He sought outpatient treatment at the Clinica Externas de Adultos on August 20, 1979. He was then thirty-nine years old. He reported that he had quit his job with the Department of Natural Resources because his "nerves betray[ed]" him and he claimed to have been unemployed for over a year. (Tr. 171). Mental examination found claimant tense and anxious but approachable, in contact with reality, and with "very acceptable" judgment. (Tr. 167). An anxiety reaction was diagnosed and claimant was placed on Vistaril (a tranquilizer). (Tr. 167). No further treatment is reported for approximately two years.6 Claimant consulted Dr. Ferdinand Berrios in August 1981 complaining of chest pain and shortness of breath associated with states of marked anxiety. (Tr. 417-27). Dr. Berrios diagnosed a severe anxiety neurosis with depressive traits. He prescribed antianxiety medications (Adapin and Vistaril) and Mellaril (an antipsychotic) and recommended that claimant obtain psychiatric treatment. Claimant sought such treatment at the outpatient clinic of the Bayamon Regional Hospital, again complaining of problems with his nerves. At this time it ____________________ 6. As noted above, the SSA's earnings records indicate that claimant worked during this two year period. (Tr. 296). Apart from his own statements, claimant submitted no evidence to rebut the SSA's earnings record. We think it a relatively simple matter for claimant's counsel to secure verification of claimant's alleged dates of employment and departure therefrom. Absent such evidence, we have no cause to second- guess the SSA's findings. -7- was reported that claimant made excessive use of alcohol. In September 1981 claimant was diagnosed to be suffering from an anxiety reaction with dissociative features of hysterical origin. Mellaril and Adapin were continued and counselling was prescribed. (Tr. 170). In follow-up visits over the next seven months claimant reported that the medications were not helping and that he experienced hallucinations. Yet in May 1982 he was relevant, coherent and oriented in all spheres. (Tr. 175). Mellaril was discontinued and Vistaril restarted. (Tr. 176). A consulting psychiatrist, Dr. Miguel Bravo, evaluated claimant for the SSA on October 15, 1982. (Tr. 411-13). Dr. Bravo interviewed claimant with one of his cousins, who reported that claimant heard voices and knocking sounds and disappeared from home for days at a time during which he wandered the neighborhood and became disoriented. Claimant reported that he spent his days walking around the neighborhood, occasionally helping with the housework, watching T.V. or listening to the radio. He related well to family and neighbors who visited him. Personal hygiene was adequate. Dr. Bravo reported that claimant appeared anguished during his mental examination and that he cried, with thought content centered around his difficulty keeping a job. He expressed himself with difficulty, exhibiting thought blocking, flight of ideas and occasional incoherence. -8- His intellect appeared below average and he was easily distracted. He was disoriented in time and place while oriented in person. Memory was deteriorated for all events and his affect was depressed. Judgment and insight were null. Dr. Bravo diagnosed a chronic undifferentiated schizophrenia and found that claimant was not able to handle funds.7 Shortly after Dr. Bravo's evaluation claimant's internist (Dr. Berrios) opined that claimant was disabled. (Tr. 418, 439). Claimant was evaluated for the SSA again in March 1983 by another psychiatrist, Dr. Mojica Sandoz.8 Mental examination found claimant unshaven though clean, exhibiting slight psychomotor retardation. He was slightly anxious and tense, but accessible, cooperative and frank. He did not show a significant impairment in his capacity for ____________________ 7. Another consultant, Dr. Ramon Freese Suarez, (an internist and cardiologist), evaluated claimant in November 1982. He found a neuropsychiatric condition, severe lower leg varicosities and gastritis. (Tr. 429). Dr. Freese's report indicates that claimant reported that he had worked in several factories in New York but was thrown out of jobs due to his nervous condition. (Tr. 426). In contrast to other medical records, Dr. Freese's report indicates that claimant was last employed in 1981 by the city of Corazol. (Tr. 426). 8. Claimant told Dr. Mojica that he had not worked since 1977 or 1978, his last job being with the Puerto Rico Department of Natural Resources. He also reported that he wounded himself with a machete while he was so employed, and that he had to quit because his superior did not want him working anymore. He claimed to have been fired from another job as a janitor. (Tr. 444-45). -9- establishing interpersonal relations. (Tr. 445). Though not spontaneous, claimant was logical, coherent and relevant. He exhibited no suicidal or homicidal tendencies nor evidence of hallucinations. He also did not show personality deterioration. There was no evidence of blocking, disorganization, nor difficulty in the formulation and elaboration of ideas. Remote memory was spotty, but recent and intermediate memory were adequate. Noting that claimant's intellectual functioning appeared to be below average, Dr. Mojica diagnosed an unspecified mental retardation and dependent personality disorder. He found claimant able to handle funds. (Tr. 445-46). Claimant returned to the outpatient clinic in Puerto Rico again on May 5, 1983, at which time he reported that the medications were helping him and that he was more calm. (Tr. 177). No medical treatment is reported for more than a year after claimant's insured status expired. Claimant returned to the outpatient clinic on October 15, 1984, claiming he had been absent during the interim because he was caring for his sick mother. He appeared clean, anxious and oriented in all spheres. (Tr. 179). His memory and intellect were adequate, although judgment and insight were poor. A mild to moderate anxiety disorder was diagnosed and Vistaril was again prescribed. (Tr. 179-80). An individualized treatment plan dated November 28, 1984 described claimant's anxiety disorder -10- as chronic and mild, while indicating that claimant had exhibited good adaptation over the last year. (Tr. 181-184). A February 15, 1985 treatment summary from the Mental Health Center indicated that claimant then had a mild to moderate anxiety disorder and was partially limited in his ability to do his usual work. (Tr. 190-91). The medical evidence following claimant's return to New York in March 1985 suggests that his condition periodically became more dire. After filing his second application for disability benefits, claimant allegedly began suffering from hallucinations and tried to kill himself. He was hospitalized at the South Beach Psychiatric Center between May 17-25 and diagnosed with an atypical psychosis. A long history of alcohol abuse was identified, including blackouts, delirium tremens and one prior suicide attempt.9 Claimant was treated with Haldol (an antipsychotic) and psychotherapy and referred to Alcoholics Anonymous. (Tr. 199-206). Shortly after his discharge from the South Beach Psychiatric Center claimant was evaluated for the SSA by Dr. J. Fiks. Claimant appeared manipulative, demanding, and vague, exhibiting a tendency to overreact and exaggerate. He was able to provide information to suit his needs but otherwise noncommittal. His reliability was poor. Dr. Fiks diagnosed ____________________ 9. Claimant reported that he had stopped drinking one month before his admission. (Tr. 199). -11- a passive-aggressive personality disorder and questioned claimant's ability to handle funds. (Tr. 207-08). Claimant secured further treatment from the New York Office of Mental Health.10 He appeared to improve in the fall of 1985 and remained asymptomatic despite decreased medications. At that time, claimant again was caring for his mother, who had had surgery. Another psychiatric evaluation from November 1985 indicated that claimant could not tolerate the pressure of a competitive work setting due to the likleihood of decompensating under stress. (Tr. 212). The SSA obtained two assessments of claimant's mental residual functional capacity (RFC) from two nonexamining consultants. On July 17, 1985, Dr. Alan Kaye reported that claimant was limited only in his capacity to understand, remember and carry out technical job instructions. He opined that claimant was capable of work. (Tr. 143, 146). On December 16, 1985, Dr. A. Stockton reported that claimant was moderately limited in his abilities to understand, remember and carry out detailed instructions, interact with the general public, accept instructions and criticism, and to respond to changes in the work setting and set realistic goals. (Tr. 148-50). No other significant limitations were noted. ____________________ 10. Claimant also had surgery for varicose veins in his legs in June 1985. (Tr. 233). -12- 12 Claimant returned to Puerto Rico in January 1986, where his second application was denied. On August 2, 1986, claimant was evaluated by Dr. Cordero Alonso, a psychiatrist, in connection with his third application (Tr. 458-63). Dr. Cordero diagnosed a schizophrenic syndrome with histrionic features. He found claimant unable to handle funds. Another psychiatrist, Dr. Lopez Flores, evaluated claimant on March 7, 1987. He diagnosed a moderate severe dysthymic disorder with agitation and psychotic traits. (Tr. 467-68).11 Two nonexamining consultants made RFC assessments. On May 15, 1987, psychologist Orlando Reboredo found that claimant suffered from recurrent major depression with anxiety and psychotic episodes. He found claimant was not capable of ___ work and that his condition met listing 12.04. (Tr. 335- 43).12 However, Dr. Reboredo was not asked to focus on the ____________________ 11. In this interview, claimant reported that he had not worked since 1977 and that he had always had mental problems but that these were exacerbated after a sister died in 1985. Claimant was then being treated with Halcion (a sleeping pill) and Mellaril. Claimant denied using alcohol and reported that his mother was insane. Mental examination found claimant to be logical, coherent and relevant, perception unstable, affect sad, and his mood was anxious and depressed. His concentration and attention span were below par. He was oriented only in person, and exhibited significant memory defects. Judgment lacked insight. (Tr. 468). 12. Dr. Reboredo indicated that claimant suffered from marked restrictions of his activities of daily living and difficulties maintaining social functioning, with frequent deficiencies of concentration, persistence and pace, and one or two episodes of deterioration or decompensation in work or work-like settings. -13- 13 period between 1978 and 1983. Another psychologist, Dr. Pedro Ivan Garcia, reviewed the evidence with a specific eye to evaluating claimant's condition before his insured status expired on June 30, 1983. He indicated that that evidence pointed to a nonsevere anxiety disorder that did not meet or equal a listing. (Tr. 344, 346).13 IV. On appeal, claimant argues that the SSA's decision is not supported by substantial evidence on the record as a whole because the Secretary relied on isolated statements supporting a non-disabled finding while ignoring what claimant says is "overwhelming evidence" to the contrary. The argument overlooks the fact that most of the evidence that might support a disabled finding was from the period after claimant's insured status expired. Medical evidence generated after a claimant's insured status expires may be considered for what light (if any) it sheds on the question whether claimant's impairment reached disabling severity before his insured status expired. See, e.g., Deblois, 686 ______ ___ ____ _______ F.2d at 81 (holding ALJ should have asked consulting experts whether pro se claimant's mental impairment reached disabling ___ __ ____________________ 13. Dr. Ivan Garcia noted only slight restriction of claimant's activities of daily living and difficulties maintaining social functioning. He reported that claimant seldom experienced deficiencies of persistence, concentration or pace, and that he never suffered from episodes of deterioration in work or work-like settings. (Tr. 352). -14- 14 severity before his insured status expired); Alcaide v. _______ Secretary of Health and Human Services, 601 F. Supp. 669, ________________________________________ 672-73 (D.P.R. 1985)(applying Deblois where claimant had _______ counsel). See also Basinger v. Heckler, 725 F.2d 1166, 1169 ___ ____ ________ _______ (8th Cir. 1984)(collecting cases). Here, the ALJ did not specifically mention evidence from the post-1984 period, finding that "no consideration must be given to the impairment as it existed at a time too far removed from the date when claimant's insured status expired." (Tr. 20). We cannot fault the ALJ for this ruling. The Appeals Council's remand order specifically directed the ALJ to consider the 1983 reports of Drs. Mojica and Freese in issuing a new decision. With the exception of Dr. Garcia's PRTF - which found that claimant's anxiety disorder was not even severe during the insured period - the evidence generated after claimant's insured status expired did not address claimant's condition before June 1983. Rather, the medical evidence and SSA evaluations addressed claimant's condition as of the time he was examined. Thus, the ALJ did not err in declining to review evidence too remote in time from the insured period to be probative of claimant's condition before June 1983. Cf. ___ Tremblay v. Secretary of Health and Human Services, 676 F.2d ________ ______________________________________ 11, 13 (1st Cir. 1982)(ALJ had no obligation to refer medical records from period after claimant's insured status expired to medical advisor). -15- 15 Substantial evidence supports the ALJ's conclusion that claimant was not disabled from his past work before his insured status expired. The medical evidence through 1984 disclosed a mild to moderate anxiety disorder that was managed by medications.14 There is a significant gap in treatment between 1979 and 1981, during which time claimant worked. After filing for benefits and securing further treatment in 1982, claimant again stopped treatment between May 1983 and October 1984 to care for his sick mother. Such activity tends to support the conclusion that claimant retained the capacity to work. Dr. Nogueras had previously testified that claimant remained capable of performing simple repetitive tasks even when the more dire evidence from 1985 onward was taken into account. (Tr. 67-68). The ALJ could reasonably conclude that claimant retained this capacity before June 1983. Claimant argues that a vocational expert was required to explain how his severe mental impairment affected his ability to sustain gainful employment. While this might be true had ____________________ 14. The ALJ relied on Dr. Nogueras' testimony in rejecting Dr. Bravo's schizophrenia diagnosis. Dr. Nogueras discounted schizophrenia because the mental health clinic then treating claimant did not make this diagnosis and because the medical records did not reveal persistent psychotic symptoms. (Tr. 62, 104). Dr. Nogueras opined that claimant's alleged hallucinations were more likely due to alcohol withdrawal. Such conflicts in the evidence are for the Secretary to resolve. Lizotte v. Secretary of Health and Human Services, _______ ______________________________________ 654 F.2d 127, 128 (1st Cir. 1981)(citation omitted). -16- 16 the ALJ determined that claimant could no longer perform his past work, see, e.g., Ortiz v. Secretary of Health and Human ___ ____ _____ _____________________________ Services, 890 F.2d 520, 524 (1st Cir. 1989)(noting that ________ vocational expert typically required where nonexertional impairment significantly limits claimant's ability to perform jobs he is otherwise exertionally capable of performing), that is not the case here. The record supports the ALJ's view that claimant retained the capacity to perform his past unskilled work before June 1983. Further evidence was not necessary. Finally, claimant says that the fact that he was fired from his past jobs undermines the ALJ's conclusion that claimant remained capable of performing his past work and the ALJ's subsidiary finding that claimant never suffered episodes of deterioration or decompensation in work or work- like settings. The sole evidence that claimant was fired came from the claimant himself, as he reported this to various medical providers and SSA representatives. However, claimant proved to be an unreliable and inconsistent source of information. He identified various dates of employment for his past work, and alternately reported that he had been fired or quit his job with the Department of Natural Resources. Claimant's contention that he was fired by the Department of Natural Resources in 1978 is contradicted by the SSA's earnings record, which indicated that he worked -17- 17 until September 11, 1981. (Tr. 298). The ALJ did not find claimant wholly credible. Absent evidence corroborating claimant's assertions from the relevant time, we think the ALJ's finding may stand. Judgment affirmed. __________________ -18- 18
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"pile_set_name": "FreeLaw"
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Jimmy Wales on Desert Island Discs (radio Interview) - DanBC
http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b05vstzl
======
DanBC
IMO he comes across well in this interview. I fist-pumped when he mentioned
the arbcom case about punctuation - I use a similar case when I describe how
sub-optimal some bits of Wikipedia are.
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{
"pile_set_name": "HackerNews"
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Disney and Lucasfilm’s plan of releasing one Star Wars movie a year indefinitely always seemed like a bad idea. After all, a new movie in the franchise kind of feels like it should be a cinematic event and a conveyor belt of releases dilutes that quite a bit.
This plan consisted of alternating a ‘saga’ release with standalone spinoff movies. So, The Force Awakens was followed by Rogue One, and The Last Jedi was followed by Solo. Presumably, Episode IX would have been followed by either Obi-Wan or Boba Fett movies.
But since Solo: A Star Wars Story landed like a damp squib at the box office – a rare failure for both the franchise and Disney – they’ve had a rethink of this long-term strategy. What this might consist of was hinted at in Variety’s recent story announcing Kathleen Kennedy’s contract extension, where it was claimed that the Lucasfilm development slate has been “flushed,” with particular mention of the cancelled Boba Fett project.
Interestingly, the article also claims that:
“Her attention will now be directed to a new core trilogy beginning with “Star Wars: Episode IX” directed by J.J. Abrams.”
These Alternate Concepts For Darth Maul In Solo: A Star Wars Story Are Pretty Crazy 1 of 20
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Given that Episode IX is the end of a trilogy, it seems unlikely that it’s going to be the first installment of a new one. I’d imagine if Disney had decided that their Sequel Trilogy was now going to be a pentalogy rather than a trilogy, we’d have heard about it. It seems more likely to me then that this news has been garbled a little and they’re actually talking about Rian Johnson’s new trilogy, which is currently in development despite fan scuttlebutt that it’s been cancelled.
If Obi-Wan and Boba Fett really have been axed though, then I won’t shed too many tears. After all, Boba Fett’s always been overrated as a character. I mean, the one thing he’s got going for him is being mysterious and a movie would necessarily spoil that. Kenobi is a bit more of a loss, however, particularly if they had Ewan McGregor reprising the role. He was great even with the terrible prequel scripts, so I’m sure he’d knock it out of the park in an actually good film.
That’s just what I think, though. What are your thoughts on all this? Are you upset to hear that the Boba Fett and Obi-Wan spinoffs aren’t moving forward anymore?
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{
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/* This file is part of VoltDB.
* Copyright (C) 2008-2020 VoltDB Inc.
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* This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as
* published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the
* License, or (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
* along with VoltDB. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
package org.voltcore.utils;
import org.voltdb.VoltDB;
import org.voltdb.utils.MiscUtils;
public class PortGenerator {
private static int portOffset = 100; // Shift ports away from defaults for testing
private int nextPort = 12000;
private int nextCport;
private int nextAport;
private int nextKport;
final int MIN_STATIC_PORT = 10000;
final int MAX_STATIC_PORT = 49151;
public PortGenerator() {
reset();
}
public synchronized void setNext(int port) {
nextPort = port;
}
/** Return the next bindable port */
public synchronized int next() {
while(nextPort <= MAX_STATIC_PORT) {
int port = nextPort++;
if (MiscUtils.isBindable(port)) {
return port;
}
}
throw new RuntimeException("Exhausted all possible ports");
}
public synchronized int nextClient() {
while(nextCport <= MAX_STATIC_PORT) {
int port = nextCport++;
if (MiscUtils.isBindable(port)) {
return port;
}
}
throw new RuntimeException("Exhausted all possible client ports");
}
public synchronized int nextAdmin() {
while(nextAport >= MIN_STATIC_PORT) {
int port = nextAport--;
if (MiscUtils.isBindable(port)) {
return port;
}
}
throw new RuntimeException("Exhausted all possible admin ports");
}
public synchronized int nextHttp() {
while(nextAport >= MIN_STATIC_PORT) {
int port = nextAport--;
if (MiscUtils.isBindable(port)) {
return port;
}
}
throw new RuntimeException("Exhausted all possible http ports");
}
public synchronized int nextTopics() {
while (nextCport <= MAX_STATIC_PORT) {
int port = nextKport++;
if (MiscUtils.isBindable(port)) {
return port;
}
}
throw new RuntimeException("Exhausted all possible topics ports");
}
public synchronized void reset() {
nextCport = VoltDB.DEFAULT_PORT + portOffset;
nextAport = VoltDB.DEFAULT_ADMIN_PORT + portOffset;
nextKport = VoltDB.DEFAULT_TOPICS_PORT + portOffset;
}
}
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
|
The Financial Secretary, Mr Paul Chan, today (May 8) in Tokyo met with Japanese political and finance officials to forge stronger bilateral links.
He started the day by meeting with the Chairman of the Japan-Hong Kong Business Cooperation Committee and Vice Chairman of Keidanren (Japan Business Federation), Mr Katsunori Nagayasu. Mr Chan thanked the Committee for its effort over the years in promoting the economic and trade exchanges between the two places. He encouraged Japanese businesses to make good use of Hong Kong's unique advantages as a "super-connector" to enter the markets of Mainland China and Southeast Asia.
Mr Chan then attended a luncheon with a group of Japan Parliament members belonging to the Japan-Hong Kong Parliamentarian League after meeting with its Chairman, Mr Masahiko Komura. Both sides expressed the hope that Hong Kong and Japan would continue to expand their ties on all fronts.
In the evening, after paying a courtesy call on the Chinese Ambassador to Japan, Mr Cheng Yonghua, Mr Chan attended a gathering with Hong Kong people working or studying in Tokyo and updated them on Hong Kong's latest opportunities.
Mr Chan arrived in Tokyo yesterday (May 7) for the second stop of his official visit to Japan. Before travelling to Tokyo, he was in Yokohama for the 50th Annual Meeting of the Asian Development Bank, and met with a number of financial officials attending the meeting.
Tomorrow (May 9), he will pay a courtesy call on State Minister for Foreign Affairs Mr Nobuo Kishi and pay visits to Japanese innovation and technology (I&T) companies to exchange views on how Japan and Hong Kong can co-operate further on the I&T and creative industry fronts.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
Q:
average between duplicated rows in R
I have a data frame df with rows that are duplicates for the names column but not for the values column:
name value etc1 etc2
A 9 1 X
A 10 1 X
A 11 1 X
B 2 1 Y
C 40 1 Y
C 50 1 Y
I need to aggregate the duplicate names into one row, while calculating the mean over the values column. The expected output is as follows:
name value etc1 etc2
A 10 1 X
B 2 1 Y
C 45 1 Y
I have tried to use df[duplicated(df$name),] but of course this does not give me the mean over the duplicates. I would like to use aggregate(), but the problem is that the FUN part of this function will apply to all the other columns as well, and among other problems, it will not be able to compute char content. Since all the other columns have the same content over the "duplicates", I need them to be aggregated as is just like the name column. Any hints...?
A:
Here a data.table solution. The solution is general in the sense it will work even for a data.frame with 60 columns. Since I group the data by all variables different of value( See how I create keys below)
library(data.table)
dat <- read.table(text='name value etc1 etc2
A 9 1 X
A 10 1 X
A 11 1 X
B 2 1 Y
C 40 1 Y
C 50 1 Y',header=TRUE)
keys <- colnames(dat)[!grepl('value',colnames(dat))]
X <- as.data.table(dat)
X[,list(mm= mean(value)),keys]
name etc1 etc2 mm
1: A 1 X 10
2: B 1 Y 2
3: C 1 Y 45
EDIT extend to more than one value variable
In case you have more than one numeric variables on which you want to compute the mean , For example, if your data look like this
name value etc1 etc2 value1
1 A 9 1 X 2.1763485
2 A 10 1 X -0.7954326
3 A 11 1 X -0.5839844
4 B 2 1 Y -0.5188709
5 C 40 1 Y -0.8300233
6 C 50 1 Y -0.7787496
The above solution can be extended like this :
X[,lapply(.SD,mean),keys]
name etc1 etc2 value value1
1: A 1 X 10 0.2656438
2: B 1 Y 2 -0.5188709
3: C 1 Y 45 -0.8043865
This will compute the mean for all variables that don't exist in keys list.
A:
You can use aggregate() function like below:
aggregate(df$value,by=list(name=df$name,etc1=df$etc1,etc2=df$etc2),data=df,FUN=mean)
|
{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
|
Rainbow 143
Mildly annoyed at myself for taking so long, but hey, it’s finally done! Enjoy!
Translated and edited by Hyaka
If you are unable to view this, try these alternative links!
https://issuu.com/hyakuros/docs/rainbow_143_final
https://imgur.com/a/XZDZ8
|
{
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
}
|
A lot of “idiotic” things have reasonable explanations (2011) - luu
https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2011/12/if-everyone-else-is-such-an-idiot-how-come-youre-not-rich/249430/
======
GlenTheMachine
A similar story that I love regarding the infamous Van Halen brown M&M
contract rider:
“Van Halen was the first band to take huge productions into tertiary, third-
level markets. We’d pull up with nine eighteen-wheeler trucks, full of gear,
where the standard was three trucks, max. And there were many, many technical
errors — whether it was the girders couldn’t support the weight, or the
flooring would sink in, or the doors weren’t big enough to move the gear
through.
The contract rider read like a version of the Chinese Yellow Pages because
there was so much equipment, and so many human beings to make it function. So
just as a little test, in the technical aspect of the rider, it would say
“Article 148: There will be fifteen amperage voltage sockets at twenty-foot
spaces, evenly, providing nineteen amperes …” This kind of thing. And article
number 126, in the middle of nowhere, was: “There will be no brown M&M’s in
the backstage area, upon pain of forfeiture of the show, with full
compensation.”
So, when I would walk backstage, if I saw a brown M&M in that bowl … well,
line-check the entire production. Guaranteed you’re going to arrive at a
technical error. They didn’t read the contract. Guaranteed you’d run into a
problem. Sometimes it would threaten to just destroy the whole show. Something
like, literally, life-threatening.”
[https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/brown-out/](https://www.snopes.com/fact-
check/brown-out/)
~~~
michaelcampbell
> So, when I would walk backstage, if I saw a brown M&M in that bowl … ...They
> didn’t read the contract.
I don't know that that necessarily follows. It could be that they read it,
said "fuck that", and did everything else to spec. Good story tho.
~~~
romwell
> It could be that they read it, said "fuck that", and did ...
Exactly. You wonder what else they said "fuck that" to because _they_ don't
care or think it's not necessary.
An even better case to catch.
~~~
jschwartzi
Yeah. I'm imagining the guy who says "fuck that" to picking the brown m&ms out
as the same kind of person who goes "10A circuits should be fine. They build
safety margins into those" or "those rafters should be fine to hold 2 tons of
equipment. They're really stout 2x6's." You know, the kind of person who just
assumes they know better and that what is planned doesn't matter. And if you
let them do that they will totally kill you with their negligence.
~~~
michaelcampbell
> "fuck that" to picking the brown m&ms out as the same kind of person who
> goes "10A circuits should be fine. They build safety margins into those"
You've never worked with an electrician. This is not how these things work.
I love that this story gives people the warm fuzzies; enough to downvote. =D
------
georgespencer
This article puts it better than I ever could. I had a similar reaction when I
read extremely critical press coverage of some VCs in Europe investing in
YPlan, which eventually sold for a nominal amount to Time Out London.
The synopsis of all the coverage was: "How could they have spent all that
money? And how could the investors have been so STUPID?"
My friend Fred Destin wrote a great essay on this[1], and I'll do the horrid
thing of quoting my own note to him in reply:
> It’s analogous to a soccer fan questioning the manager’s decision to put
> player X on the field instead of Y. The manager sees both players on the
> training ground for hours every day, knows their mood, talks to them,
> understands how they respond to different situations, and consults his
> coaches. Then the matchgoing fan sees 90 minutes of output on Saturday and
> makes a judgement with <1% of the data a manager has.
> Past a certain point in fundraising and traction, it’s impossible to believe
> that a startup failing is anything more interesting than a combination of
> poorer-than-expected execution, and bets not paying off.
[1] [https://medium.com/tech-london/hey-yplan-how-do-you-dare-
go-...](https://medium.com/tech-london/hey-yplan-how-do-you-dare-go-
bust-177bc67efdbb)
~~~
asdff
Scale this up to anything and you will want to be governed by a benevolent
dictator. Not even senators themselves read the full bills they vote on, and I
don't blame them with it being hundreds of pages of reading that could easily
be parted out to aides, but the electorate certainly doesn't have this
advantage. Maybe 1% of voters are truly informed.
~~~
blaser-waffle
My IT director doesn't know every facet of what is in our environment, and
generally is not up to date as to what changes are happening on the day to
day. _And he doesn 't need to be._
The point of high-level workers is so they can focus on high-level priorities.
They have staff -- legal aids, system admins, business analysts, whatever --
whose job it is to digest that stuff and put it into simple briefings for
leadership to evaluate in the context of other issues.
> I don't blame them with it being hundreds of pages of reading that could
> easily be parted out to aides, but the electorate certainly doesn't have
> this advantage
The electorate isn't expected to have this advantage, and is not expected to
read the bills. The whole reason for representative democracy is so that the
common voter does not have to parse this stuff -- that's explicitly the point.
I find someone who reflects my views and I put them in office, and trust that
they'll be able to digest what's happening and vote accordingly. The common
man isn't expected to understand tariffs, international banking, military
theory, computer engineering, social justice issues, and food scarcity.
~~~
cvlasdkv
A lot to unpack here.
> The common man isn't expected to understand tariffs, international banking,
> military theory, computer engineering, social justice issues, and food
> scarcity.
What better use is there of the common man's time than understanding societal
issues like justice and scarcity? Are you describing how the world is or
claiming how it should be? If you do not understand justice, scarcity, etc.
how can you claim to elect someone who reflects your views--ignoring that a
lot of politics is lesser evil voting?
An uneducated populace voting is a worst-case scenario for a representative
democracy.
~~~
michaelcampbell
> > The common man isn't expected to understand tariffs, international
> banking, military theory, computer engineering, social justice issues, and
> food scarcity.
> What better use is there of the common man's time than understanding
> societal issues like justice and scarcity?
Both of those can be true.
~~~
cvlasdkv
Hence my question of whether the OP is prescriptive or descriptive.
------
BlackFly
People call people idiots instead of trying to understand how they made a
mistake because of fundamental attribution error. We all do it.
People are predominantly successful because of luck. Opportunity, connections,
upbringing, all luck. Yes, you still need to make the right decision at the
right time.
There is a pernicious tendency to make a fallacious argument for intelligence
because of success; that is, people become convinced of intelligence because
of success. The most obvious example today is the president of the USA. He is
convinced of his own intelligence because clearly he is one of the most
successful people in the country. I don't think many reasonable people would
argue for his genius. On the other end of the spectrum, it seems obvious to me
that in the billions of poor people on this planet there is an unknown genius
unable to escape his or her circumstances.
We make mistakes. We don't try to understand the mistakes of others as we call
them idiots. We are not necessarily capable of succeeding even if we are
smarter than those that have.
~~~
pdimitar
Thank you! Even if your comment is slightly off-topic I always get upset when
people just immediately assume genius because of success. Some people almost
literally didn't have to do anything but to open their wallet to receive
dollars in, at the right time, while being at the right place.
This very often gets overlooked. The world's economy is an MMORPG game and
networking / contacts matter much more than many of us who swear in
meritocracy would like to believe.
------
iEchoic
Another form of this that seems to have taken over online discussions in the
last few years is “<person> did <thing> because they are evil” (or rich).
As an example, I’ve noticed that privacy-related discussion on HN is often
thought-terminated by comments that reduce down to “<company> is doing
<perceived privacy-destroying thing> because they want to destroy your
privacy”. On reddit, a common form of this is “<politician> is doing
<something implausibly comic book villain-y> because they are evil”.
When the motive isn’t clear, I often enter these discussions trying to learn
more about _why_ \- but more often than not, I just leave feeling the same way
as the author here.
------
vikramkr
They picked an example that really aged well. Look at netflix today - it's
clear that a little bit of humility would have been warranted in 2011 when
talking about the company.
------
mD5pPxMcS6fVWKE
Communication is a key to a high-level position in a hierarchy, and therefore,
to the wealth. But very high IQ people have difficulty connecting with the
majority of other people, so they lag behind.
------
quickthrower2
A interesting take on this phenomenon from the point of view of the insider
and outsider - [https://commoncog.com/blog/good-synthesis-adapting-to-
uncert...](https://commoncog.com/blog/good-synthesis-adapting-to-uncertainty)
------
Traster
I feel like what isn't really properly understood in these situations is the
statistical chances that are involved here. 10 people put $50 on the roulette
table, and then we celebrate the guy who hit their number. That genius who hit
their number still had a negative expected value when placing that bet.
Colette Martin would've been right to criticize Reed Hastings if he were
making that bet with Netflix's money. But we don't read articles about the
CEOs who make bad bets and lose them, and we don't really know if the CEOs who
won made good bets or bad bets.
It's possible the richest CEOs are actually the worst at picking bets, because
they're the ones who picked bets that were the least likely to pay off, and
therefore got the biggest pay out when they won. If 50 people were making the
same bet as Reed Hastings, then Netflix would've found it _far_ harder to
succeed, since they would've been competing for talent, content and customers
with 50 other companies. The reason Netflix exploded in growth is partly
because they were the only ones serving that market. Maybe that was a genius
stroke of insight, or maybe he was one of a thousand people making bad bets,
and he's the one that it paid off for.
~~~
tomhoward
> we don't read articles about the CEOs who make bad bets and lose them
Yes we do, all the time: Theranos, WeWork, WebVan, Myspace, Friendster,
BlackBerry, Enron, Worldcom, etc, etc, etc.
Sure, we don't hear about companies that never get anywhere because they never
did anything interesting to start with, because that's unremarkable.
But we hear a lot about the companies that attracted a lot of success or hype
early but then "bet" wrong. (In fact, these stories arguably get a
disproportionate amount of coverage, due to schadenfreude from journalists and
their audience.)
The roulette spin analogy is not apt, because building a successful company is
not a single bet; it's many many bets, every year/month/day over many years,
which moves it well out of the realm of random chance and mostly into the
realm of skill.
And before someone says it: nobody argues good luck is not a factor in a
company's success. But that is mostly at the very beginning (e.g., Steve Jobs
meeting Woz; Bill Gates' mother knowing the chairman of IBM) and luck alone is
not nearly enough.
Skilled leadership over the long term makes all the difference between success
and wasted opportunity.
~~~
scottlocklin
It's interesting that plenty of people were flinging poo at Reed Hastings when
he was making the transition between mailing DVDs and streaming, and pretty
much nobody in the media dared fling poo at the obvious "violating laws of
physics" shennanegins happening at Theranos before Tyler Shultz took them to
the ground.
None of the other examples are really comparable to Netflix either; they were
all companies which eventually failed, but which business reporters didn't
particularly dislike until after they failed. Netflix was nearly universally
reviled for making "dumb" decisions which turned out to be correct, and
Mcardle deserves credit for noticing that Hastings was probably a better CEO
than most business reporters.
------
esmi
> "If everyone else is such an idiot, how come I'm not rich?"
Unfortunately the answer to that question is, I spend way too much time on
hacker news.
------
silveraxe93
While I agree with the main thrust of the article (Chesterton's fence, etc.),
the author seems to take as a given the fact that Netflix is sliding back into
becoming as expensive as cable, because the content providers are setting the
prices.
But Netflix's value is not from competing against cable on price, it's
competing against _piracy_ on _convenience_.
Content providers will never again see the same profits, because the de-facto
price of content is zero. It's too easy to pirate, and morally grey enough
that people are willing to do it.
Netflix got so big because it captured the market of people who were willing
to pay for the convenience. If this gets too high they will just go back to
pirating.
~~~
nemothekid
I’m not sure if that’s a given. People going back to piracy sort of assumes
people will happily walk back to watching sketchy streams on laptop screens. I
think the bar will pretty high for people who wish to watch on Apple Devices,
Rokus or Smart TVs.
There has been enough time for people to get locked into walled gardens.
~~~
asdff
Piracy in 2020 is more polished than first party streaming platforms.
~~~
nemothekid
I think content acquisition still has several hurdles as well as the pipelines
of your favorite metadata scraper isn't exactly trivial to setup.
The actual software, once installed is really nice (I have a Plex Server +
Infuse on an Apple TV), but in my case I still pay for content (via usenet).
~~~
asdff
There is software that has already done this for you, no need to configure
anything, just open the app, search the title, and start watching.
------
ramraj07
What's ironic to me is (IMO) Netflix is probably the shrewdest big company in
existence now. Hastings has dominated not one but two markets, the second
obviously larger and more insurmountable than the first. Almost Every single
decision they make (including and especially ones that make customers unhappy,
like their shitty browsing experience) seems so calculated and thoughtful it's
just amazing.
Even I thought Disney plus might be the beginning of the end for Netflix, that
it finally met a Goliath it couldn't best, but now even that isnt obvious
anymore.
~~~
quickthrower2
Meh, Netflix is one of many for me. Would be happy if it didn't exist, to
watch other stuff on other streaming and I don't think they necessarily have
the best content.
Netflix try's to get you hooked on their originals, but the problem with that
is once you binged a series you want something else - they cant keep feeding
you the crack that is that current series because they take months to produce,
so you switch to something else - and at that point it could be something else
on Netflix, or just as easily something else somewhere else. I don't think
Netflix is really that sticky.
But maybe I am proving the point of the article and I'm missing the strategy.
~~~
ramraj07
Exactly. We all keep talking about leaving Netflix but it looks like we
aren't. How long has Netflix now been without major movies? Clearly whatever
they're doing works - from my ground-level experience, everyone has at least a
couple of shows that they like watching in Netflix, and everyone shares
accounts as well so in the end it's a few dollars a month for always having a
backup service with a lot of "meh" titles at the least.
Perhaps that's what the company is gunning for? Perhaps they noticed that the
crowd that sees Adam Sandler movies is the main market and they don't
necessarily need to pander to "sophisticated" audience to be a successful
company? Who knows. It just looks mindful, minimally, where they're trying to
chart out a path that they CAN do, given all their constraints (mainly every
major IP now being protected by their parent for their own streaming service).
------
aetherspawn
It's an intelligence to realize that in order to make a lot of money, you have
to be ruthless at business. In order to be ruthless like that, you need to
neglect being a good and reasonable person, even to those closest to you. Such
is the cost of money. Money doesn't buy real friends or happiness, and so the
smartest among us are deliberate in not accumulating wealth needlessly. Whilst
everyone else assumes their stupidity for not accumulating wealth, in truth,
it’s a Dunning-Kruger situation.
------
abellerose
I've encountered a few individuals fairly well off and where they think of
everyone as idiots. These individuals came from an upbringing of lower class
and they eventually had the right opportunities happen for getting ahold of
some money. Example from something comparable to bitcoin happening. Nothing in
anyway of were these persons were contributing to society in how they gathered
a good portion of wealth.
I've also encountered people from wealthy families and these individuals
typically don't comment on what they think of others less fortunate in
society. They also stay out of politics or anything where people get
disgruntled about. I'm unsure if it was how they were raised and or they know
the game of life is rigged. In any case, I respect this group the most which
is sort of odd because everything was handed to them.
Anyway, the first group of individuals probably would have been better persons
if they were just born into money as well. They have a fallacy in their head
of they earned their success and wouldn't have had it any other way in life.
In reality they just had a worse path to eventually becoming financially
independent and sadly these individuals place their ego around wealth because
of it.
I don't necessarily believe in the traditional idea of luck. I think
everything is predetermined at birth. But wow does it help to be born into a
wealthy family with somewhat decent genetics. Quality of life will be so much
better. It's so noticeable that I sometimes wonder how others don't see it as
well.
------
LatteLazy
I've been learning this slowly over the last few years. I was a typical
science guy. Then a close friend dragged me to the gym (which was just foreat
heads right?). And it really helped with my depression and now it's a major
activity for me. Same for Networking and Sales skills and Watching Sports and
Foreign languages...
Embarrassed me would like to publically apologies for assuming everyone else
is an idiot and should do what I do. Sorry guys!
------
marcus_holmes
>> I mean, Reed Hastings did manage to build this rather large and successful
business that killed off one of the most successful retail operations of its
day. It's possible that he just sort of did this by accident. But is this
really the most likely explanation?
It's possible, yes. And if we consider that there were possibly a few thousand
people at that time trying to make that business work, then "by accident" does
start to look like the best explanation.
Was/is he smarter than everyone else trying to do the same thing? Probably
not.
Was/is he better connected, better funded, more able to run a business, than
the others? Possibly, but probably not.
Was/is he luckier than everyone else? Almost by definition, if we define
"luck" as "something that helps people succeed".
It's a very nebulous definition. But there's definitely a Venn diagram overlap
of "by accident" and "by being very lucky". Even without getting to FedEx
levels of "lucky", there is definite "luck" involved in making decisions based
on incomplete information that will turn out to have outsize effects on the
business later. This is a normal activity for startup founders, and I'll bet
serious money that more than a few of them were made in Netflix' early years.
We always underestimate survivor bias when considering successful startup
stories. And without studying the other people who were trying to build the
same business at the same time, we have no idea why some of them succeeded and
others failed. Without this information, it's impossible to say whether
Netflix succeeded "by accident" or by design.
------
santoshalper
I had a manager early in my career who used to say "everyone else's job is
harder than you think." That really stuck with me.
------
V-2
A non-native speaker here - what does "debacletacular" mean? The word only has
a few hits on Google. I understand it's a neologism of sorts, a conflation,
but what's the meaning?
I'm guessing "a spectacular debacle" \- AKA "epic fail"?
~~~
tomgp
it's a port-manteau of spectacular and debacle i.e. a spectacular debacle
~~~
V-2
Port-manteau, another one :) Thanks!
------
fit2rule
Oh, this is easy.
The usual response to such a question is - "you're just an anti-intellectual!
Being rich doesn't mean you're smart - any fool can do it! Real non-fools
write their opinions down and other fools follow them."
/s
I've known some utterly immoral people become very, very wealthy - I might've
even helped them along the way. The reason I'm not rich and they are, is that
they decided they didn't want to help me along my way.
Being rich isn't an indicator of intelligence, nor is it an indicator of hard
work or decent ethics. It does, usually, mean that someone wanted to give you
money for some reason - and even a fool or an intellectual can do such a thing
for love. Or, not.
~~~
taneq
> It does, usually, mean that someone wanted to give you money for some reason
Isn't that the definition of participation in the economy? You created goods,
or provided services, or arranged for goods to be created or services
provided, and in exchange people give you money?
Cases where people are given money without in some way earning it are far in
the minority.
~~~
pessimizer
> You created goods, or provided services, or arranged for goods to be created
> or services provided,
or drank with someone on a regular basis, or married one of their relatives,
~~~
taneq
It's almost like building social connections and establishing trust with other
people is important to later being trusted in other contexts!
------
goto11
So do not attribute to stupidity that which is adequately explained by you not
understanding the whole picture.
~~~
kqr
I have for a long time now extended Hanson's razor with "... and never
attribute to stupidity that which is adequately explained by ignorance."
The beauty of it is that it doesn't need to say who is the ignorant one!
------
boffinism
Because you're an idiot too. Also me. We're all just muppets, with blind
spots, distorted perspectives and emotions that override reason. Some idiots
are just lucky in the right ways at the right times.
Hey, at least it's consistent.
------
doorstar
I kept thinking this when the 'cybertruck' was unveiled. Suddenly everyone
around me was explaining in detail why this truck was going to be a complete
fiasco and a danger to everyone else on the road. I'll happily acknowledge
that Musk is off his rocker, but can people really think that he doesn't know
how to make a car?
( I'll admit a soft spot for the thing after someone pointed out it looks like
what happens when you let back end engineers design the front end )
~~~
philwelch
I will fully admit that Musk knows how to make a car. He’s a car person and
had a history of owning and enjoying sporty luxury cars before Tesla. But he’s
not a truck person.
~~~
doorstar
He didn't own any rockets either.
I don't know if the cybertruck is a good or bad idea. I don't know if it's
going to succeed or fail. I don't know how anyone can possibly declare with
confidence that they do know how the truck will do when released.
~~~
philwelch
The whole problem with eg the BMW i-Series or most other electric cars is that
they are designed in a silly way that says, “look at me, I’m a weird electric
car, I’m not a normal car at all, I’m willing to look like a total dork in
order to virtue-signal about being eco-friendly”. Teslas just look like sports
cars—except the Cybertruck’s styling is 100% “dorky virtue signal about having
a weird special truck”, and truck people are even less likely than car people
to put up with that.
I looked to see what truck users on /r/Trucks had to say about it.[1][2] Here
are some highlights, both positive and negative:
> It’s really damn cool aside from the roof coming to a point. I’m not sure I
> understand that design decision. However, onboard air compressor, 110v/220v
> accessory power, fast as shit, good ground clearance, integral bed cover and
> ramps, air ride suspension, and tough shell to boot... there is a lot to
> like here. I might just have to buy one in a couple years.
> Yeah because everyone wants a ‘bed’ you can’t load from the sides.
> I think [being able to load the truck bed from the sides] really only
> matters for people who use their trucks for actual work. This is obviously
> for people who want a truck for play and not work.
> ... he could have taken this seriously and actually made an impact. Now he’s
> proven the older anti EV crowd 100% correct that an electric truck isn’t a
> viable alternative.
> Clearly designed by someone who has literally never even used a truck once
> in their entire life.
> It's stupid tall bedsides ruin it for slide in campers too. If it wasn't for
> that the 3500lb payload and huge battery would make it great for a slide in.
> I'm surprised you all are not pouncing on the unibody. The other "truck"
> (Honda) that uses a unibody construction does not get much love.
> [People who like the Cybertruck design are] those who've never actually used
> a truck to haul items and/or trailers. Those who are in the ranching,
> mining, and other similar industries are laughing at this.
> Is the bed cover transparent? Seems like the rear window is only usable when
> the cover is retracted. I'm sorry. This is a truck for the Ridgeline crowd.
> No 8ft bed option. Only crew cab configuration. AWD, not 4WD. Can't tow a
> Gooseneck or 5th wheel, which you're gonna want when towing a 14K trailer.
> People will buy it. I won't.
> It’s a weird case of form over function. He was so focused on the blade
> runner vibe he forgot to make sure it was usable as a truck. Can’t even get
> to the front of the bed without opening the tailgate and getting inside.
> Trucks have a utilitarian purpose. There is a reason for their shapes. And
> if you look worldwide there are some differences, but also some
> commonalities. Like being able to access the frigging bed. That’s a massive
> failure here.
> There’s some things about truck design that are important to the function of
> being a truck. Like not having angled bed sides so you can fucking reach the
> first 1/2 of the bed without getting in it or being able to tow a 5th wheel.
> After looking at more pictures today I realized it doesn't even have a true
> 6.5' bed. It's much shorter than that, but angles in underneath the rear
> seats. Probably ok for hauling a few sheets of plywood, but putting in, say,
> furniture, would be harder.
> I set things in the bed over the bedside a lot. And climb in the sides. I’d
> have to awkwardly yeet shit over the side of that angled monstrosity
> This truck looks like an absolute nightmare to load and unload tbh. I
> actually even ditched my bed for a Bradford flatbed to make my truck easier
> to use. Rear/side visibility looks awful. Boasts a 14,000 towing capacity
> yet it looks like a nightmare to hook up to a trailer. I’d love to know how
> far this thing can tow 14,000lbs. Payload of “3,900lbs”. What does the truck
> itself weigh? Does Tesla understand GVWR or how to calculate payload or is
> it assuming it’s potential buyers do not? I guess I just don’t understand
> the whole concept and what exactly they’re going for. Seems like they’re
> trying to do too much. This has been the plague of these types of
> “crossovers” which is exactly what this is. El Camino, Ford Ranchero, Subaru
> Brat, Subaru Baja, Chevy Avalanche, Honda Ridgeline, the list goes on and
> on.
> Having a large locking cover would give me so much peace of mind when I'm
> parked with my tools in there. Having the thing build of stainless steel
> made me ask why hasn't trucks been main of stainless steel for years.
> The bed has some L-Tracks and T-Slots in it too for easy tie downs, which
> was something I learned from a video I saw that someone did a test drive in
> Literally the only good truck feature is the integrated full width ramp in
> the tailgate.
> And you can lower the suspension in the back to make it easier! I would have
> killed for that the last few times i was loading heavy equipment into the
> back of my truck by myself. I had to make due with backing up to a hill and
> using a shitty steel ramp that would fall if i so much as looked at it
> wrong.
> Let's be honest, most people in suburbia/cities with trucks are just
> drugstore cowboys anyway. This truck will meet the needs of most consumers
> Good luck towing a 5th wheel with that thing
> If you need a truck, Cybertruck's already disqualified itself. Little
> clearance, no room for mods, unibody, no side access to the truck bed,
> likely range issues (once you add a load), and that's just the stuff we know
> about now. I can only imagine buying this if you buy a truck just so you can
> feel like you're driving a truck but never plan on using the truck features
> beyond occasional off-roading.
[1]
[https://old.reddit.com/r/Trucks/comments/dzvqhx/tesla_truck/](https://old.reddit.com/r/Trucks/comments/dzvqhx/tesla_truck/)
[2]
[https://old.reddit.com/r/Trucks/comments/e061ru/style_contra...](https://old.reddit.com/r/Trucks/comments/e061ru/style_contrast_tesla_cybertruck_and_ford_f150/)
~~~
cameldrv
I think that the market for the Cybertruck is the Burning Man/offroad desert
campout guy. I'm sure Elon is/knows a lot of these guys, since the Mojave is
just over the hills from LA. It's perfect for this application.
It has huge ground clearance, the paint doesn't get screwed up when you scrape
it on some brush, the bed is big enough to hold dirtbikes, and they are easy
to load/unload with the included ramp.
You can sleep in the bed and it's covered, but not like a normal bed cover
that creates a coffin like compartment, or a camper top that doesn't let you
load tall items.
Not having access from the sides is a lot less of an issue than it used to be.
With a new full sized 4x4, only very tall people can reach much in the bed
from the sides anyhow. If you're going to give that up, you might as well go
big and provide huge enclosed cargo volume. The ramp makes it much easier to
just walk into the bed while carrying heavy items rather than loading from the
sides.
------
TBurette
It seems people are commenting on the title of the article and not on what the
article says : it's easy to think someone is stupid when you read about them
making a bad decision in the news.
Classic examples are:
"Hitler was stupid to invade Russia". In fact he needed to conquer oil fields
to keep the ability to wage war andhe Russian army was particularly weak at
that point.
"Kodak was stupid not to sell digital camera". In fact Kodak did develop
digital camera technology. They were behind one of the first commercial
digital camera (The Apple QuickTake), they licensed their patent and were
number one sellers of digital camera in the US at some point.
It's easy to fall into this trap when you only high level information. I think
that when you get more detailed information this effect dissipates. You then
realize that there are many factors and stakeholders.
------
oh_sigh
(2011) is important context here.
~~~
LolWolf
Very. I read the article and was very confused for quite a while until I
realized this.
~~~
klaaz0r
Yes, maybe the title can include the date.
------
chewz
> Any fool can make money these days and most of them do. But what about
> people with talent and brains?
Catch-22
[https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/8578531-it-takes-brains-
not...](https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/8578531-it-takes-brains-not-to-make-
money-colonel-cargill-wrote)
------
stevens32
It's really easy to think you have the better answer when you don't even
understand the problem. You're working in a weightless fantasy land while the
actual people involved have to work with the messy, dirty, heavy reality.
------
aeternum
Great ideas can still have poor execution. It seems to me that major the flaws
in the Netflix execution of the Qwikster spinoff was the source of much of the
criticism. Most people lump the idea and execution together.
------
aytekin
This is why when investors replace founders the companies stop innovating.
Obvious ideas don’t have any value. You need deep domain knowledge to see how
things really are, and not how things seem to be.
------
robert_g
Dismissing a successful person but seeming "dumb" person is a benefit to them.
Now, they can continue succeeding with less scrutiny.
For a long time I thought many politicians were "dumb" based on their public
comments, propelled only by their connections. Now, when I look up some
politicians who's spouting objectively false / misleading statements and find
they've graduated a top-tier university _and_ have a JD I realize these are
not intellectually stupid people. They're skilled in their field, have drive,
and less empathy/morals than others.
Now, I watch these "dumb" people more closely.
~~~
krapp
US politicians often act "dumb" because Americans mistrust intellectualism and
"book smarts," but they trust plain-spoken cowboys who shoot from the hip and
speak like common people.
Hillary Clinton attended Wellesley and Yale, and speaks like someone who did,
and many Americans hate her. GWB attended Harvard and Yale, but he played up
the stereotypical Texas country-boy stereotype and fumbled over his words, and
got two terms. Donald Trump went to Wharton business school, but speaks (and
shitposts) at the level of a common Reddit troll, and he was elected in large
part _because_ of that.
You'd think Americans would stop falling for it at some point.
~~~
pessimizer
> Hillary Clinton attended Wellesley and Yale, and speaks like someone who
> did,
Hillary Clinton put on a terrible fake Arkansas accent for the beginning of
her political career, talked about baking pies, and quoted country-western
songs in interviews. The reason she uses her natural accent in her later
career is because she has positioned herself as a "wonk," and often against
Republicans who were doing folksy.
i.e. she's looking for a different set of Americans to "fall for it." Trying
to appeal to an audience who thinks that everybody else is a sucker and
they're the shrewd one.
When she goes to black churches, she puts it on again. Instantly starts
dropping her g's and praising the lord like she would never do in a white
church.
------
jdofaz
I still have and use their disc rental service. I go to dvd.com and it
forwards to dvd.netflix.com where I only rent blu-rays. Maybe they would have
had better luck with a different name.
------
eximius
Risk aversion and capital?
------
dang
Discussed at the time:
[https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=3305870](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=3305870)
------
mdoms
If the thesis of this article is that rich successful people can't be stupid
then I disagree. Vehemently.
------
teekert
Yeah, you idiots all want to be rich! I'm really smart and don't want to be
rich, problem solved.
------
acoye
Consider `life` been a nonlinear chaotic process, so causality from been smart
alone cannot be established.
------
dustingetz
Communication; gifted people can struggle to explain what they’re doing to
normies
~~~
robocat
In my experience, the ability to explain is a side effect of being gifted. A
gifted person can simplify complex subjects and concentrate on the important
points, they can find different metaphors that work, or fit their explanation
to your knowledge, and are often self aware enough to understand their own
thought process. The less gifted often struggle to teach.
However “that’s obvious” is also often said intuitively by very smart people,
where they are correct but they can’t actually explain how they know they are
correct.
~~~
dustingetz
Reconcile that with how power concentrates on charisma and relationships
(Politics, Startups, Businessmen). Power is about getting other people to do
things, which is about communication!
------
TopHand
Most of us chose the profession/vocation we practice because that is the
opportunity that presented itself at the time. Very few people set out to be
"rich". What they really want is to be comfortable, and able to pursue
contentment. An anecdote from when I was a young person. A friend was working
very hard to become a plumber. At the time I thought who would want to be a
plumber, it is a gross and dirty job with a limited future. One day I asked
him out of curiosity what he thought a plumber's place was. His reply
surprised me. He said "a plumber's job is to protect the health of the
community." Now that I'm older and reflect back, I can see that being a
plumber is a solid vocation, that is needed by most communities, where a
person can live anywhere they choose. But they don't get "rich". They make a
comfortable living and feel they are contributing to the well being of the
community. Isn't that what most of us really want from life?
------
okareaman
What do you call people like me who is an anti-materialist and believes the
religious impulse that a vow of poverty will make it easier to achieve
enlightenment -- but keeps falling ass backwards into money.
------
Konohamaru
A good thing to keep in mind for avoiding pride.
------
atian
Because at the low level, everyone is an idiot.
------
heavenlyblue
> A lot of “idiotic” things have reasonable explanations
It doesn’t, however - often make them less idiotic.
------
cathames
2011 is the context: a height of the start-up wave, ascendance of FB--
presumably due to "genius". The implication being that if you are really
smarter than others you must have the rewards to show it. Hopefully this would
be received today as a tone-deaf denial of privilege. The great myth of
meritocracy has been blown apart.
~~~
blackoil
Do you really believe Zuckerberg is an idiot? He has successfully navigated
industry shift to mobile. He decisively and swiftly purchased Instagram and
WhatsApp, buying his way into two major upcoming trends. You may think he is
jerk or evil but no way an idiot.
~~~
cathames
"idiotic" was stated by the original post, not my reply. My objection is to
the formulation that massive financial success in tech is proof of genius-
level intellect. Being relatively smart may be necessary, but it is certainly
not sufficient. Connections, opportunity, timing, and greed are other
prerequisites. On the other hand, moral concerns about the negative downstream
effects of your goals--something that a supposed genius would have insight
into--would be inhibitors. As to the purchases you mentioned, I would argue
that the game is a lot easier when you already have hotels on Boardwalk. And I
certainly don't attribute strong imperial instincts as a mark of genius.
------
bitxbit
Wealth = Human Connections.
------
CaptainActuary
Luck. The answer is luck.
------
DecayingOrganic
While I agree with the article, it is important to distinguish the macro from
the micro point of view.
From the micro point of view, a talented individual has a greater a priori
probability to reach a high level of success than a moderately gifted one.
On the other hand, from the macro point of view of the entire society, the
probability to find moderately gifted individuals at the top levels of success
is greater than that of finding there very talented ones, because moderately
gifted people are much more numerous and, with the help of luck, have -
globally - a statistical advantage to reach a great success, in spite of their
lower individual a priori probability.
~~~
Grustaf
I think it's mostly just that intelligence is not terribly important for
success. Tenacity, street smart, charisma, connections, passion are all more
important than IQ.
~~~
xtiansimon
Don’t forget good looks and a rich uncle to bail you out of a jam.
~~~
fao_
Exactly. People on here seem to forget that almost every single rich person
that can be named had hereditary money.
Jeff Bezos now has more money than can be made if an American family earned
63k for 2 million years. He also had parents that gave him a so-called "three
hundred thousand dollar investment" (more money than most people see in a
lifetime even _while_ working hard for their family, dedicating most of their
life to work and barely managing to enjoy life), while ignoring or dodging
every single tax he can get away with.
It's weird how most people are fine with that, because they seem to see
themselves as temporarily embarrassed billionaires, or because they aren't
able to understand the sheer amount of money.
~~~
adventured
> He also had parents that gave him a so-called "three hundred thousand dollar
> investment" (more money than most people see in a lifetime even while
> working hard for their family, dedicating most of their life to work and
> barely managing to enjoy life)
Jeff Bezos also had a teen mother, a biological father that abandoned him, and
a Cuban immigrant father that came to the US alone at 16 with nothing and no
ability to speak English.
After passing through a refugee camp, just six years later Mike Bezos was
raising Jeff as his own and had successfully gone to college.
If - having survived all of that well enough to build a decent life for
himself - Mike could afford to invest into his son's business, then it's a
remarkable accomplishment that should be cheered, rather than attacked.
~~~
johnmarinelli
I don't know much about Jeff Bezos so I try to reserve my judgement about him.
But I am confused - how does one come from a poor family and then receive a
$300k loan from said family?
~~~
danieltillett
The poor family through hard work and saving became a moderately wealthy
family over time.
~~~
johnmarinelli
Sure, I didn't mean to sound like I am stomping on the Dream. What I meant
was, how specifically did this family that came from poverty accumulate $300k?
Quick research says that Mike Bezos worked as an engineer for Exxon after
graduating college, and saving that money wisely can add up to $300k.
~~~
xtiansimon
That does not change the calculus in my mind, because the situation goes
beyond just money. How did the Sr. Bezos land such a well paying job with
Exxon? An engineer position puts him in a privileged class. We have to look
back further generations to see how his family was in such a position to raise
a successful engineer?
Let alone that Sr. should have the knowledge and support he required to manage
his money so well. I look at the Jr. Bezos having a privilege to have a father
who he could turn to for advise, or who may have guided his development. Not
saying he did, cuz I don't know the family, but it sounds like it was a real
possibility. Who saves all that money, only to entrust it to his estranged son
who he don't know or trust--as if he haven't had a hand in imparting the
necessary temperament, sensibility, and wisdom for his son to be successful in
some way in the economy? LOL.
How many people today are fortunate to have grown up in this time, in this is
a period of unprecedented economic growth and social change, who have
squandered their earnings, because they didn't have the support of
knowledgeable and trustworthy parents or family?
Sounds to me like a chain of great decisions, luck or both.
I can give a counter example. I moved to an affluent town on the North Shore
of Long Island, NY. I met a woman in my neighborhood who described to me her
career at the local hospital, as a nurse, for over 20 years. She's African
American, and landed this job in the late 70s early 80s by my calculation. She
benefited by the social changes at the time that accepted African Americans as
nurses in a largely white community. I also met her son, and he struggles with
under-employment in his career. I had the impression she didn't understand why
he was in that situation. She was proud of her success. I imagine it was
difficult for her to reconcile her career in nursing, and her son's struggles.
She had success, why not him? Unlucky, more like it.
Right now--that hospital is part of one of those large health care corporate
systems. If she had this job today, its very possible she would not have seen
her salary increase year after year, nor enjoyed a pension, nor stayed with
the same organization for so long just being a nurse. There will always be new
nurse graduates with more energy with just enough knowledge who are more
manageable by corporate. That's the reality of hospitals and healthcare today,
despite growth in this field.
Fortune goes to the right person who is in the right place at the right time.
And if you frack up and fall out, someone else is ready to take your place,
hey. Who in a great position can say they did it entirely alone? Meag Lottery
winners. haha.
------
tinyhouse
Didn't bother to read the article. Just the comments. My take? The smartest
people I know are the ones who married well and have a great family and social
life. Wealth / education are great but worthless if your personal life is a
mess.
Take Benjamin Netanhau as an example. The guy is very wealthy and successful.
I think he graduated from both Harvard and MIT. (Although one degree might be
an MBA that anyone with money can do). However, he is married to a psycopat
who controls his life and is hated by everyone around them. I don't even want
to talk about his son. Do I want his life? Hell no!
------
jjeaff
I agree with the premise of this article. That armchair quarterbacking is
rarely helpful and usually oversimplified.
But I dislike the common implication in the headline, which is that
intelligence somehow always equates to wealth.
First of all, it's not always easy to judge how wealthy another person is, no
matter their profession or outward appearance.
Secondly, I think we all need to disuade ourselves of the notion that everyone
in the world wants to become wealthy. Plenty of extremely intelligent people
are perfectly happy where they are and are perhaps smarter for not chasing
wealth like all those genius entrepreneurs. Just look at the lives of those we
idolize so much for their success. Do you really want that life? A lot don't.
And there is a good chance people more intelligent than those "successful"
people don't want that life either.
Additionally, I know quite a few wealthy people that are rather dim. But they
were hard workers and an opportunity presented itself because they were at the
right place at the right time and they took advantage of that opportunity and
worked it dry.
~~~
koheripbal
Would you agree that higher intelligence equates to a greater likelihood of
wealth over the long run (lifetime)?
~~~
WJW
As a general trend, yes. But since your life is lived with N=1 and you can't
generally change your innate intelligence, that is not usually relevant to
guide decision making.
------
aasasd
_[perhaps obsolete now that the title 's been changed]_
> the author uses a witty title on an article on business strategy
> the HN poster keeps the title almost verbatim, as is tradition
> people in the thread commence writing about the title instead of the
> article's content
So it goes.
------
baddox
I don’t really understand the point of the article. It seems to be challenging
an assumption that being “smart” has something to do with being financially
successful. But why would we start with that assumption? Why would we conflate
being “intelligent” with being good at making money?
To me, this seems as preposterous as asking “if you’re so smart, why are you
so bad at playing the violin, or why aren’t you a Hollywood movie star, or why
can’t you run a 4 minute mile, or why don’t you have a million Twitter
followers?”
Even if we make the questionable assumption that the very concept of general
intelligence (something like what an IQ test purports to show) is sensible,
why would we assume that it correlates positively with success in any
conceivable discipline?
~~~
mam2
Nah it just means too many people think they are "smart" while not applying
their supposed edge to get any practical thing done better.
Money is just one example. The baseline is "if you are so smart why how come
you don't have a better life", this can be more money, a better job, more time
for your children, a hotter wife for some.
If you don't like the materialistic versions, My personal version of it is "if
you are so smart why are you complaining so much instead of fixing your
problems"..
~~~
rho4
love your personal version
------
axegon_
There is no correlation between being an idiot and being rich. Being rich is
(in most cases) the ability to... Sell yourself, for the lack of a better
expression. And smart people commonly can't sell themselves or their products
because they often solve problems which are far more complex than the ones
ordinary people have. They will spend brutal amounts of resources and efforts
to solve a problem which ordinary people just don't have. Ask any developer
how often have they been in a non-tech circle having a casual conversation and
saying "Wait, you paid how much for someone to do X?"
X usually being the work of two (below) average Joe developers which can be
done in a few weeks. And there you are, sitting and wondering how to build
something big.
Which is another common mistake: people rarely become rich overnight and it's
a gradual process. You are looking at people who are light years ahead of you,
while the route to success is a tight and windy mountain road, full of crests
and dips. Looking at the people standing on the mountain peak isn't productive
and doesn't give you any valuable information. It's those who are one or two
corners ahead of you that you need to be looking at.
~~~
MagnumOpus
> There is no correlation between being an idiot and being rich
Correction: there is actually a rather strong correlation [0].
Of course it is not a perfect correlation and a lot depends on other factors
like luck or hard work. So out of a billion people you can always point to
millions who are outliers.
[0][https://ifstudies.org/ifs-admin/resources/income-by-afqt-
cop...](https://ifstudies.org/ifs-admin/resources/income-by-afqt-
copy-w640.png)
------
Bambooly
There is a correlation between intelligent and income but we have been
conditioned to misunderstand what intelligence is. we are taught that
schooling is as sign of intelligence but that is just a sign of Memory and a
sign of formatting. Many people fail because their ideas as are not formatted
correctly or their ability to remember remember during an exam. There are many
people who have failed education and still succeed in their dreams. Elon Musk
is an example where he said "I didn't go to Harvard but all my lawyers did".Is
Musk more intelligent that his lawyers even though he does not have the same
education. So what is intelligence? The issues is also how do you measure
success. May people choose Money as that quantifies things and then we can
compare. The main issue is Quality is not comparable. Neither is Happiness.
Success can only be measured with yourself. because you have to do the things
that need doing to get into the positions to be seen as dumb. The Politician
who says some really dumb thing or the businessman that does not seem to know
what he is doing, have done some really smart things to be in a position to be
dumb.
~~~
knolax
Musk went to an Ivy League...
> While awaiting Canadian documentation, Musk attended the University of
> Pretoria for five months.[51] Once in Canada, Musk entered Queen's
> University in 1989, avoiding mandatory service in the South African
> military.[52] He left in 1992 to study economics and physics at the
> University of Pennsylvania; he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in
> economics and a Bachelor of Science degree in physics.[53][54][failed
> verification]
src:
[https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk)
------
seqizz
Since this is about money, isn't that a bias? I mean what are the chances of
"son of (insert a billionaire name here)" to be rich vs me. TBH I can be
stupid too with that amount of money, since I can _afford_ it.
------
bravoetch
To answer the question posed in the title (and yes, I read the fluffy article)
- luck decides who gets rich.
~~~
dlivingston
I think that’s needlessly reductionist. Read the biographies of people like
Mark Cuban and Richard Branson: both of these men were born entrepreneurs and
salesmen, with Cuban starting his first business at age 12 and Branson at age
16.
A good parallel to this is the music industry, actually: yes, there is a
significant amount of luck in “making it.” But you cannot deny that talent is
one of the strongest predictors: at the very least, talent is the bar to
entry.
~~~
hesk
Looking at examples of successful people is classic survivorship bias. Smart
people who lucked out on their businesses do not get to write biographies.
EDIT: spelling
~~~
blackoil
Being smart may not be sufficient, but seems necessary atleast to make your
own money.
------
Barrin92
Well, the title is easy to answer, even many exceptionally talented people are
never rich, and there's a significant amount of luck involved in being rich.
It's pretty easy to be smarter than many people while never having financial
success, or respect, or an audience or whatever.
It's worth picking up the actual thesis from the article though. If for
example Hastings is rich, does that mean he's not an idiot (or does not often
make idiotic decisions)?
It lowers the chance obviously but on the other hand fame and money is often
fleeting. The average S&P 500 company now lives _fewer than 20 years_. So that
means a lot of people who could be considered to have made good decisions in
the recent past will fuck up in the near future.
The fat tailed nature of tech investing means that someone can make 30 bad
decisions and one good one and be insanely rich. At the end of the day they
often just survived the bad ones, but you'd still have been right in calling
them out on the 29 bad ones.
So I think on a case-by-case basis net-worth is a shoddy indicator.
~~~
solidasparagus
> average S&P 500 company now lives fewer than 20 years
No, the average age of an S&P 500 company is now less than 20 years. Which is
heavily influenced by the rise of technology and the many S&P 500 companies
that were created in the last ~20 years. It does not mean that companies are
dying faster, just that S&P 500 is filled with young companies.
~~~
Barrin92
I don't think that's correct, at least according to this soruce
([https://www.imd.org/research-knowledge/articles/why-you-
will...](https://www.imd.org/research-knowledge/articles/why-you-will-
probably-live-longer-than-most-big-companies/))
_" A recent study by McKinsey found that the average life-span of companies
listed in Standard & Poor’s 500 was 61 years in 1958. Today, it is less than
18 years. McKinsey believes that, in 2027, 75% of the companies currently
quoted on the S&P 500 will have disappeared. They will be bought- out, merged,
or will go bankrupt like Enron and Lehman Brothers."_
~~~
solidasparagus
I didn't see any evidence backing up their estimates nor any number that
represent how many former S&P 500 companies go out of business. The studies I
could find listed some of the companies that fell out of the S&P500 and AFAICT
most of them still exist.
I would be careful about taking McKinsey's carefully crafted quotes and
projections at face value. 'Disappeared' is intentionally vague. They also
intentionally use age of a company when talking about the past and tenure on
the S&P500 when talking about the future to make the numbers seem more
dramatic[1]. It's part of their sales pitch - "it's harder than ever to run a
company so you should really hire a consulting company to save you".
[1]
[https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/McKinsey/Industries/Electri...](https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/McKinsey/Industries/Electric%20Power%20and%20Natural%20Gas/Our%20Insights/Traditional%20company%20new%20businesses%20The%20pairing%20that%20can%20ensure%20an%20incumbents%20survival/Traditional-
company-new-businesses-VF.ashx) (page 4)
------
risyachka
Money an intelligence rarely correlate. I know many very smart people that are
just not interested in creating the business, though they are working on super
complex things just for the sake of science.
Also there are lots of idiots why can become rich. There are so many
opportunities.
So you can be absolutely right saying that some guy is an idiot even if he has
billions.
~~~
tosssingaksla
Depends on what you call "Money"
If you meant income, you are wrong.
If you meant wealth, you are right.
Just do a quick google search with income and IQ correlation. Random first
article: [https://ifstudies.org/blog/can-intelligence-predict-
income](https://ifstudies.org/blog/can-intelligence-predict-income) , don't
even know if it's a good source, but google was showing results for IQ having
a correlation to income, and also for show results saying IQ having no
correlation to wealth.
You own words:
> Though they are working on super complex things just for the sake of science
Those kind of things tend to pay higher that you usual trade job, and are only
available to higher than average IQ. Wealth and Income are very distinct
things.
------
bno1
>When internet commentators see odd behavior that they don't understand, why
do they assume that the most parsimonious explanation is that management must
be a bunch of drooling morons?
I don't think most internet commentators have the patience or even the
interest of painting an accurate picture. Most of them are shitposting.
------
barrenko
"If you secretly despise wealth, it will elude you."
------
foobar_
Even thieves can be rich. Even idiots can learn how to steal.
------
AbrahamParangi
Whenever you see someone who you believe to be an idiot succeeding, it usually
means they're really good at the game _and you don 't even understand what the
game is_.
~~~
nsgi
So Trump is really good at the political game, for instance?
~~~
jmeister
Trump is a world-class salesman. And this skill is more about instinct than
cerebral/deep thinking, which is why nerds “just don’t get it”.
Check Scott Adams’ writing on Trump’s persuasion abilities.
~~~
krapp
>Trump is a world-class salesman.
When did Mexico agree to pay for the wall?
~~~
lucozade
He's not world class at selling walls. He's world class at selling Donald
Trump.
~~~
krapp
Unfortunately, selling "walls" (policy) is his actual job.
He's like a vacuum cleaner salesman who can always get his foot in the door,
but can never manage to sell a unit.
~~~
lucozade
Not quite.
He's like a vacuum salesman who promises to give his customers dishwashers and
toasters for free if they buy a vacuum cleaner.
When they buy the vacuum cleaner, it turns out he lied about the other goods
but they still ended up with the vacuum cleaner. But what a lot of people
really wanted was the dishwasher.
I may have pushed the analogy a little too far...
------
jojobas
Should be: > If idiots call everyone else idiots, how come their are not rich?
~~~
aeternum
The author probably is, assuming she bought NFLX.
------
wegs
A much more thoughtful treatment of this problem is "The Dictator's Handbook."
There are three possible explanations:
1) The CEO knows something I don't.
2) The CEO is dumb.
Those are rarely it. The third one is:
3) The CEO is optimizing for personal wealth / fame / success, and there are
political considerations.
Most CEOs can recognize that a business decision can be absolutely the right
thing to do for the business and not make that decision if it either would
cost them (1) their standing with shareholders (2) their annual bonus (3)
their standing with the board (4) their standing with internal constituents.
The key skill CEOs need to be CEOs can be summarized as: "How to become a
CEO." That involves a lot more management of politics than it does business
success (but still a fair measure of both). Furthermore, if a strategy leads
to business success but costs a CEO their job, they cannot take that strategy.
~~~
lazyjones
It blows my mind how people can come here and attempt to write a serious
answer claiming the CEO "rarely" knows something his armchair critic doesn't
(as a basis for their "bad" decision). Then proceed to peddle cliches and
conspiracies.
Also, shareholders aren't stupid, they usually reward CEOs for good business
decisions and so does the board. Sometimes it's unclear what is better long-
term and short-term results are preferred, but nobody knowingly punishes or
fires a CEO for a good decision. That just exists in the imagination of people
whose involvement with business decisions consists of reading Dilbert
cartoons.
~~~
wegs
... to the extent you consider one of the most influential and best-researched
management books a "cliche and conspiracy."
I'll mention I didn't claim that a CEO rarely knows something a critic
doesn't; just that things like the CEO's greater understanding of something
like market dynamics are rarely the basis of what is externally perceived to
be a "bad" decision by an armchair critic. The basis is usually political
dynamics (which most armchair critics have far less insight into than the CEO
-- the information gap is greater).
And as a shareholder, I can say I don't think my intelligence matters very
much in this story. The amount of time and thought I can put into each company
in my portfolio is what matters. That's both especially true because I have
index funds, and why I have index funds.
As a footnote, if you'd like a more extreme take on this, Pfeffer's Power is a
good read (but quite controversial -- the book basically makes the claim that
CEOs are fundamentally psychopaths). Pfeffer is at Stanford.
Dictator's Handbook is considered hardly controversial at all. It's a game-
theoretic argument, backed by pretty good data. The author is at New York
University.
I'll also mention that simply insulting the poster of an argument ("just
exists in the imagination of people whose involvement with business decisions
consists of reading Dilbert cartoons") doesn't strengthen your point. You know
nothing about my background. It just makes you look like you're either a jerk,
or ran out of sound arguments.
~~~
lazyjones
> _Pfeffer 's Power is a good read (but quite controversial -- the book
> basically makes the claim that CEOs are fundamentally psychopaths)._
Can you point me to a summary that makes this claim? Because
[https://www.slideshare.net/johnnemo/power-by-jeffrey-
pfeffer...](https://www.slideshare.net/johnnemo/power-by-jeffrey-pfeffer-key-
takeaways) certainly doesn't.
> _You know nothing about my background. It just makes you look like you 're
> either a jerk, or ran out of sound arguments._
You made 2 appeals to authority - of dubious authenticity - and I have no
reason to assume you wouldn't make a 3rd if you thought it'd give you extra
points. My background is: ex-CEO.
~~~
wegs
No, I can point you to reading the books.
If you're don't read books, I don't think this is a bridge you'll cross. And
I'm sorry you find two respected professors, one at NYU and one at Stanford,
to be of dubious authenticity. I'm not quite sure where to go from there in
the conversation. There are many individuals who find Pfeffer dubious, but de
Mesquita is extremely highly regarded.
I'm not going to share my background on the internet, but ex-CEO doesn't make
you qualified to talk about much of anything. It depends on the organization.
I've virtually never seen these sorts of dynamics at organizations below 100
people, and they don't become universal until around 1000-10,000 people. You
need to reach a certain scale of competition before people start acting in
ways which are game-theoretically optimal. If you have 10 people, it's easy to
keep alignment on mission, vision, community, and business. If you have e.g.
10,000 people, and 1% are gunning for CEO, the only way to get to the top is
to out-gun the other 99. That competition is what leads to these dynamics.
~~~
lazyjones
> _And I 'm sorry you find two respected professors, one at NYU and one at
> Stanford, to be of dubious authenticity._
Obvious straw man. I have no qualms with those professors, just with your
claims about their books, which at least one summary contains no trace of.
Should I read those books merely to verify your claims? I'm not so sure.
> _I 've virtually never seen these sorts of dynamics at organizations below
> 100 people, and they don't become universal until around 1000-10,000 people_
So your initial claims don't apply to CEOs of corporations with less than 1000
people? Moving the goalpost much?
~~~
wegs
Your username suggests you shouldn't read these books. You should skim notes
about these books and write obnoxious posts based on those, claiming the
person you're talking to is lying based on no evidence at all.
Indeed, Dictator's Handbook has a nice summary someone posted in this thread.
Your link wasn't even a summary, but someone's take-home notes for their own
career.
> So your initial claims don't apply to CEOs of corporations with less than
> 1000 people? Moving the goalpost much?
That's where the goalposts started. They haven't moved an inch. The article
was talking about Reed Hastings and Netflix. We were talking about publicly-
traded companies with shareholders. "Power" talks about ... power. CEO of a
5-man shop isn't power. It talks about how people climb to the top of
corporate ladders at big organizations, and the selection mechanism for who
makes CEO. Dictator's Handbook is about big organizations too. It's a game-
theoretic treatment.
Obviously some context went over your head. Maybe that goes with digital
communications, or maybe that goes with not being interested in longer texts,
so much as in skimming summaries.
~~~
lazyjones
> _The article was talking about Reed Hastings and Netflix. We were talking
> about publicly-traded companies with shareholders._
You were writing about "most CEOs". Pardon me for taking you literally and/or
seriously.
> _maybe that goes with not being interested in longer texts, so much as in
> skimming summaries._
I'm very interested in worthwhile texts, just not based on recommendations by
people making obviously false claims on the Internet.
------
econcon
I've many times tried to people make money but they get pretty defensive with
their ideas and dreams and their plans, so I've decided different way, I drop
them hints if I care for them enough and move on.
A lot of people just look at cause Vs effect in a wrong w
------
torstenvl
> _I think we should eliminate the corporate income tax . . . and tax income
> once, when it hits a person._
LOL what? Can't have it both ways, pal.
I've seen this line of thought expressed a few times before, and it strikes me
as disingenuous to hold that a corporation is a person... right up until the
moment that idea puts slightly less money in your pocket.
~~~
tonyedgecombe
Corporation tax does have its problems though. In particular it's easy for
globalised companies to shift profits around the world to avoid paying it.
Personally I'd rather we started treating dividends and even capital gains as
normal income and eliminate corporation tax.
------
lazyjones
I love the way people who consider themselves smart rationalize their lack of
success/wealth, including here.
\- I don't want to be wealthy anyway
\- To be wealthy you have to be ruthless and I prefer to be nice
\- smart people are so busy with issues much more important than money
\- wealthy people are just lucky idiots
\- wealthy people are just idiots who are better at exploiting other idiots
\- people who are wealthy spend their lives chasing wealth instead of enjoying
it
It's sad that people refuse to acknowledge that assuming responsibility for
one's own or even their family's lives means to take care of every aspect of
it, including financial issues. If you are "too busy" to take care of your
finances to the best of your abilities, you are incompetent and not in control
of your life.
~~~
mam2
This is so true i don't understand the downvotes
~~~
Traster
It's getting downvoted because it's not a good argument. Accusing the people
you disagree with of coming to their conclusions through motivated reasonsing
neither actually addresses the logical arguments people are making, or gives
the people you're disagreeing with any intellectual credit. It also throws up
some horrendous strawmen - you have to be _rich_ to take care of your family?
Want to have an open conversation with someone you disagree with? I have a
good tip, don't open the conversation by accusing them of being incompetent
and not in control of their own lives.
~~~
mam2
Ok here's the conversation, but the thing is that it's not reeeealy a debate:
"Money is good to have".
But everytime you say exactly this, there are swarms of people trying to
explain to you why it's not so important. It's just pure rationalisation.
That doesn't mean "you should or shouldn't dedicate your life to money because
it will not make you happy", but this specic argument IS the strawman people
give usually everytime you talk about money, and THIS is actually how most
people actually kill the conversation.
~~~
lazyjones
It's not even only money that gets this reaction. Every time somebody shows
off or is lauded for having something that would actually take critics some
effort to achieve, such reactions are common. Whether it's muscles (body
building is ugly, unhealthy, only possible with horrible drugs...), good looks
or many children. People will find some disadvantages and let you know.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "HackerNews"
}
|
5 rounded to 6 dps?
0.000002
Round -184.36 to the nearest ten.
-180
Round 19.502 to the nearest integer.
20
Round -4657700 to the nearest 100000.
-4700000
What is -6223 rounded to the nearest one hundred?
-6200
Round 0.000066862 to 6 dps.
0.000067
What is -9739 rounded to the nearest 100?
-9700
What is 4628000 rounded to the nearest one hundred thousand?
4600000
What is -0.00342743 rounded to 4 decimal places?
-0.0034
What is 1571.32 rounded to the nearest one hundred?
1600
Round 225035000 to the nearest 1000000.
225000000
Round -0.0000005739 to 6 dps.
-0.000001
Round -49576 to the nearest ten thousand.
-50000
What is -0.025003 rounded to four decimal places?
-0.025
Round -4388000 to the nearest one million.
-4000000
What is 105.9 rounded to the nearest 10?
110
Round -984540000 to the nearest one million.
-985000000
Round -0.0764 to 3 dps.
-0.076
What is -837900 rounded to the nearest one hundred thousand?
-800000
Round -107980 to the nearest 10000.
-110000
What is 1455990 rounded to the nearest ten thousand?
1460000
What is 14039 rounded to the nearest one thousand?
14000
Round 4177000 to the nearest 1000000.
4000000
What is 23.514 rounded to one dp?
23.5
What is 0.00000184 rounded to six dps?
0.000002
Round 55.3 to the nearest integer.
55
What is 0.015191 rounded to 3 decimal places?
0.015
What is -0.1831 rounded to 1 decimal place?
-0.2
What is -0.0187855 rounded to 3 dps?
-0.019
Round 0.01363 to three dps.
0.014
Round 0.000080035 to five dps.
0.00008
What is 0.000766 rounded to five dps?
0.00077
Round 23.665 to 0 decimal places.
24
Round -44.932 to the nearest integer.
-45
What is -0.0005869 rounded to 4 dps?
-0.0006
What is -5.78 rounded to one decimal place?
-5.8
Round -163 to the nearest 10.
-160
What is -20.05 rounded to the nearest integer?
-20
Round 71100 to the nearest one thousand.
71000
What is 16492400 rounded to the nearest one million?
16000000
Round 1228 to the nearest 100.
1200
What is -4.5085 rounded to two dps?
-4.51
What is 0.0000021579 rounded to 7 decimal places?
0.0000022
Round 3.537 to 0 dps.
4
Round -0.122345 to 3 decimal places.
-0.122
What is 0.019033 rounded to 3 dps?
0.019
Round 107.88 to the nearest integer.
108
Round -144400 to the nearest 10000.
-140000
What is 68.09 rounded to the nearest integer?
68
Round -0.00000015272 to 7 dps.
-0.0000002
Round -10118 to the nearest one hundred.
-10100
What is -0.003891 rounded to 4 decimal places?
-0.0039
What is -0.0009553 rounded to four decimal places?
-0.001
Round -0.000002138 to six decimal places.
-0.000002
What is 0.0638 rounded to 2 decimal places?
0.06
Round -760100 to the nearest 10000.
-760000
Round 33 to the nearest one hundred.
0
Round -14344.5 to the nearest 1000.
-14000
Round -6690000 to the nearest 100000.
-6700000
What is -0.000007258 rounded to five dps?
-0.00001
Round -0.0632 to 2 decimal places.
-0.06
Round 0.000101615 to five dps.
0.0001
What is 0.014532 rounded to 4 dps?
0.0145
Round -1372200 to the nearest one hundred thousand.
-1400000
What is 13675000 rounded to the nearest one hundred thousand?
13700000
What is 0.07182 rounded to two decimal places?
0.07
What is -105782 rounded to the nearest 100?
-105800
What is 127100000 rounded to the nearest one million?
127000000
Round -37.76 to the nearest integer.
-38
What is 260.08 rounded to the nearest 10?
260
Round 920 to the nearest 1000.
1000
What is 1617 rounded to the nearest 1000?
2000
Round -0.00004394 to five dps.
-0.00004
What is -31.93 rounded to the nearest 10?
-30
What is -630.42 rounded to the nearest 10?
-630
Round 0.0597 to 2 dps.
0.06
Round 0.0001145 to five dps.
0.00011
Round 0.00028185 to five dps.
0.00028
Round 359.17 to the nearest ten.
360
Round -87.25 to 0 decimal places.
-87
Round -290340 to the nearest one thousand.
-290000
What is -0.000001069 rounded to seven decimal places?
-0.0000011
What is 0.0000303 rounded to four dps?
0
Round -8770000 to the nearest one million.
-9000000
What is 13190.6 rounded to the nearest one hundred?
13200
Round 42550 to the nearest 1000.
43000
Round -0.0119667 to five dps.
-0.01197
Round -0.00818 to 3 decimal places.
-0.008
Round 232720 to the nearest 1000.
233000
Round -0.0023787 to 4 decimal places.
-0.0024
What is -0.00015447 rounded to five dps?
-0.00015
Round 3952900 to the nearest 100000.
4000000
What is 0.00001611 rounded to seven dps?
0.0000161
What is -84.24 rounded to the nearest 10?
-80
Round -0.06681 to three decimal places.
-0.067
What is 10140000 rounded to the nearest 1000000?
10000000
What is -0.053403 rounded to 4 dps?
-0.0534
What is 1.178 rounded to two decimal places?
1.18
Round 0.00001406 to six dps.
0.000014
What is 0.000099162 rounded to 7 dps?
0.0000992
What is -48.45 rounded to the nearest one hundred?
0
Round -8.61 to the nearest 10.
-10
What is 0.0008559 rounded to 4 dps?
0.0009
What is -5783 rounded to the nearest 1000?
-6000
What is 61.6 rounded to 0 dps?
62
Round 20325 to the nearest one hundred.
20300
Round -118090 to the nearest ten thousand.
-120000
What is -6.488 rounded to zero dps?
-6
Round 470000 to the nearest one million.
0
Round -558.06 to the nearest 100.
-600
What is -26260 rounded to the nearest 1000?
-26000
Round -8301.5 to the nearest 100.
-8300
Round -947.5 to the nearest 100.
-900
Round 3337500 to the nearest one million.
3000000
Round 71260000 to the nearest one million.
71000000
Round 97693 to the nearest 10000.
100000
Round -0.0000874 to four dps.
-0.0001
What is -424.98 rounded to the nearest one hundred?
-400
Round -4.454 to 1 dp.
-4.5
What is 1603.2 rounded to the nearest 100?
1600
What is 813770 rounded to the nearest 10000?
810000
Round -0.188 to 0 decimal places.
0
Round -1937760 to the nearest 10000.
-1940000
What is 717.8 rounded to the nearest one hundred?
700
What is 7.7049 rounded to one decimal place?
7.7
Round 5278700 to the nearest one hundred thousand.
5300000
Round -649.76 to the nearest one hundred.
-600
Round 27775 to the nearest 100.
27800
Round 122820000 to the nearest 1000000.
123000000
Round 200.18 to the nearest 10.
200
Round -0.34264 to 3 dps.
-0.343
Round -41560000 to the nearest 1000000.
-42000000
What is 8970000 rounded to the nearest 100000?
9000000
Round -0.209 to the nearest integer.
0
Round -0.000092809 to 7 dps.
-0.0000928
Round 0.0000807 to 5 decimal places.
0.00008
Round -843.8 to the nearest ten.
-840
What is -668900 rounded to the nearest 10000?
-670000
Round 926.8 to the nearest 100.
900
What is -150300 rounded to the nearest 10000?
-150000
Round -80060000 to the nearest one million.
-80000000
What is -10.122 rounded to zero decimal places?
-10
What is 0.0048904 rounded to four decimal places?
0.0049
Round -0.179738 to three decimal places.
-0.18
Round 0.00000121553 to seven decimal places.
0.0000012
Round -0.25631 to 3 dps.
-0.256
Round 0.0068182 to 3 decimal places.
0.007
Round -22130 to the nearest one thousand.
-22000
What is -0.000009362 rounded to 7 dps?
-0.0000094
What is -0.04381 rounded to 2 decimal places?
-0.04
Round -6288.5 to the nearest 100.
-6300
Round -0.0000001082 to seven dps.
-0.0000001
Round -0.0000005606 to 7 decimal places.
-0.0000006
Round -28240000 to the nearest one million.
-28000000
Round 0.002395 to 3 decimal places.
0.002
Round -0.02591 to 3 decimal places.
-0.026
Round 0.0056694 to three decimal places.
0.006
What is -419.12 rounded to zero dps?
-419
Round -0.00004433 to six dps.
-0.000044
Round 8.839 to one decimal place.
8.8
What is -0.001676 rounded to 2 dps?
0
Round -4011600 to the nearest 1000000.
-4000000
Round -44.709 to 1 decimal place.
-44.7
What is -0.006779 rounded to 3 dps?
-0.007
What is 0.000053643 rounded to seven decimal places?
0.0000536
What is -0.078656 rounded to 4 decimal places?
-0.0787
Round -14.87 to 0 dps.
-15
What is -0.01211 rounded to four dps?
-0.0121
What is 95130000 rounded to the nearest 1000000?
95000000
What is 0.00055 rounded to four dps?
0.0006
What is 0.150179 rounded to two dps?
0.15
What is -0.03973 rounded to two decimal places?
-0.04
What is -0.031583 rounded to 2 decimal places?
-0.03
Round -739000 to the nearest 100000.
-700000
What is 0.05795 rounded to 2 decimal places?
0.06
Round -0.96895 to 1 dp.
-1
Round 1084.45 to zero decimal places.
1084
Round -117.8 to the nearest 10.
-120
Round
|
{
"pile_set_name": "DM Mathematics"
}
|
Cloud computing generally refers to the use of computing resources (e.g., hardware and software) that are delivered as a service over a network (e.g., typically, the Internet). Cloud computing includes using remote services to provide a user's data, software, and computation.
Distributed applications can generally be delivered using cloud computing techniques. For example, distributed applications can be provided using a cloud computing model, in which users are provided access to application software and databases over a network. The cloud providers generally manage the infrastructure and platforms on which the applications run. Various types of distributed applications can be provided as a software as a service (SaaS).
|
{
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
}
|
Plum – Black Knot
Q: Many of the limbs and branches on my plum and cherry trees have hard, scaley cases encircling them. I’ve tried to cut into them but it takes a strong knife. It’s almost like they’re part of the tree. What do you think it is?
A: Your trees have black knot. It is common on plums and peaches in Georgia. The fungus causes a hard, black crust around twigs. Infection occurs from April through June, especially on the current season’s growth.
Remove all knots and swellings by pruning three to four inches below the knot during the dormant season before April 1. Few fungicides are effective for control. Read labels to check.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
BIO: I'm Orchid, I am a mother of one, a waitress, massage therapist and a promotional model with the Stars of Unique. I'm on the go all the time and have a passion for all forms of beauty and art. I am new to the modeling world and would have never thought that i would have the guts to start out as a plus size model and work my way in. It's been an amazing experience as i'm learning and growing within the industry and myself. I have recently done a hair fashion show and now have a new found love for the runway. I also in what spare time i can find do some movie extras. It's been tough being vulnerable and putting myself out there with all the tiny girls in the industry but i'm out here to make a stand that we are all beautiful no matter the size or the body modifications. I'm thick, i have dread locks, tattooed, pierced and learning to love myself no matter what society says. I hope to one day be a young girls inspiration to put themselves out there and accept them for who they are and that we are all beautiful and we don't all have to me thin to be wanted and loved. I have a passion for helping others and the great outdoors. I've worked wilderness therapy which allowed me to get payed to do what i love most. I love, love, love my dread locks, camping, hiking, long boarding but most of all spending time with my boys. I seem to attract animals and feel like i run a zoo some days. One day i will own my own massage business and will be going to back to school to be a nurse in trauma and ER. I am learning to play the stock market and no matter where life takes me i will have a life of accomplishments.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
This invention relates to electrical power system protection devices and more particularly to apparatus which limits circuit current during fault conditions.
The interruption of fault currents in a high powered electrical system is a technically difficult task when fault currents can rise to hundreds of kiloamps. One common means of current interruption utilizes a massive circuit breaker to create arc voltage between separating contacts which finally exceeds the system voltage. These breakers are subject to severe breaker arc contact erosion due to long duration, high current arcing during which inductive energy of the power system is dissipated in the arc. This contact erosion by arcing can be decreased by using a secondary breaker which initially commutates the fault current into a low inductance shunt resistor thereby beating the resistor to increase its resistance and limit current. Final interruption of this reduced current is then accomplished by a primary breaker. This scheme, which is used in direct current subway and people mover systems, entails less contact damage but requires two series connected circuit breakers.
Another current interruption scheme uses the series connection of a current limiting fuse and a standard circuit breaker. In that configuration, the fuse acts to limit current and open the circuit under massive fault current conditions. For more moderate fault currents the fuse remains intact and the circuit breaker alone performs the interruption function. Another current limiting scheme which is suitable for smaller and generally compact electrical systems involves the dropping of generator field excitation when a fault is sensed. However, instead of simply isolating the fault, the entire generating system is necessarily disabled. In addition, the response time of the generator field control is slow and dangerously high fault currents may be unavoidable.
A copending application entitled "Current Limitation Devices Utilizing Resistive Parallel Rails" by Kemeny and Fox, which is assigned to the same assignee and filed on the same date as the present application, discloses a self resetting, current limiting system wherein a sliding conductive armature shorts across parallel high conductivity rails at steady state conditions. When a predetermined threshold current is exceeded during a massive system fault condition, the armature conductor is electromagnetically accelerated into a resistive rail bore thus rapidly inserting series resistance to provide the current limiting function, which is obtained without arcing or current commutation. Actual circuit opening is performed by a breaker or contractor. The disclosure of this copending, commonly assigned application is hereby incorporated by reference.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
}
|
Cigarette smoking as a risk factor for cataract and age-related macular degeneration: a review of the literature.
Cigarette smoking has long been acknowledged as a major risk factor for many of the leading causes of death. Its role in ocular disease has received far less attention. This article reviews a large number of recent studies that have investigated a possible link between cigarette smoking and two major causes of blindness--cataract and age-related macular degeneration. The preponderance of evidence shows a causal relationship between cigarette smoking and both cataract and age-related macular degeneration. As primary eye care providers, optometrists should educate patients regarding the dangers of smoking as it relates to ocular health and consider a role in discouraging patients from starting or continuing this harmful habit.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
|
Q:
Sort entity list based on entity property
I am using entity framework and generating a simple list of returned objects such as
RetVal.Add(new Leaderboard() {
Category = CategoryID,
User = u.FirstName,
Score = GetCategoryScoreForUser(u.Username,(int)CategoryID).ToString() });
RetVal is a List of Leaderboard.
Each Leaderboard object has a property named Score, what i want to do is to re-order RetVal so that it now contains the list but in descending order based on Score.
I tried the following:
RetVal.Sort(x => x.Score);
and
RetVal.OrderBy(x=>x.Score);
but nothing changes.
can someone please help me?
A:
If you store the score as numeric string, try this:
RetVal.OrderByDescending(x=>int.Parse(x.Score));
If you modified it to int, try this:
RetVal.OrderByDescending(x=>x.Score);
|
{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
|
Steel structure storage can help more users to build the necessary places. Steel structure engineering of modern construction industry is very popular all over the world. Steel structures are used by many companies in the construction industry today, but most of them have implemented steel structures in the new construction industry in order to optimize the structure, which will save resources, and recycle usages. There are also many advantages and safety measures in the steel structure plant and production Process. In steel structure design and building, we emphasize the advantages of steel structure. However, if we ignore the hidden dangers of defects and other equipment requirements, .the analysis of quality problems will cause lots of steel structure engineering.
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There are many reasons for the difficulty in guaranteeing the quality of steel structure engineering, and it is also complicated. It has problems caused by improper process including violation of process operation, and technical level and responsibility of construction workers. So when the operators work in company, we improve the management and products protection. Our company’s design adopts advanced technology to strength our structure. In order to meet customers requirements, we will enhance and provide you more good performance.
Steel Structure Storage Steps
There are divided into four steps in the construction process. Although quality problems are more likely to occur during the manufacturing process. In addition, it is very difficult to deal with them after some special and important processes. The proportion of quality problems in the general process is very small. In the construction process, special processes include welding and painting, and important processes are cutting and assembling.
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1. Welding Process.
This process is a concealed project and one of the most prone to quality problems. Secondly, due to the improper operation of the previous process and the technical problems of the operators, the quality of the weld is caused. This kind of problem is a major way that directly affects the quality of the project. Therefore, this type of problem must be detected and judged by a professional testing company which uses professional testing tools. Generally, it is classified into slag inclusion according to the type of defects in the weld, etc. Of course, we have the professional team. In addition, we can provide the professional training. If you want to to learn more information, we will spare no effort to help you.
2. Painting Process.
This process also belongs to a concealed process, and the impact on the storage structure is less than the impact on the building function. It is also a process that is more prone to quality problems. For example, the quality problems of the process are mainly manifested in many aspects including the large area of the paint film on the surface of the component that falls off and partially falls off; the paint film on the surface of the component falls off; the sagging phenomenon occurs; the thickness of the paint film is insufficient. The thickness distribution of the paint film is uneven, and the color difference of the paint film is larger.
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3. Staking Out the Blanking Process.
This process belongs to the faucet before the component processing. The quality of the process has a direct impact on the next process, which even leads to the scrapping of all parts of the blanking. This situation is very common. So before the blanking, it is important and necessary to strengthen the quality control of the process. For example, the quality of working process are mainly manifested in some aspects. The deformation of the long and thin plate type parts is more severe in the cutting. The section of the knot, the depth of the cut is super standard. The parts of the gas cut or saw are considered to exceed the standard of the shrinkage deformation of the subsequent process, so we pay attention more standard design. If the customers need to add the high quality, we consider these issues. However, the batch parts are scrapped due to the mistakes in the preparation of the process documentation; the size is severe and exceeds the standard requirements.
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4. Assembly Process.
This process plays an important role in the quality of component processing, and its quality is greatly affected by the previous process. Therefore, it is very important to strengthen the monitoring process before assembly. We can provide the products with professional testing in order to ensure the quality reliability. Of course, according to national standard, we research more equipment to add the product’s quality. If you have other ideas, we can provide more specialized knowledge to design your steel structure storage.
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Steel Structure Storage Development
After continuous reform and innovation, our company’s application of steel structure storage has greatly developed with far exceeding the past in terms of quantity or quality. In the design, manufacturing and installation technologies have reached a high level. We have mastered the design and construction technology of various complex buildings. Many large-scale and complex steel structure storage, workshops, large-span steel have been built throughout the country. In addition, the structural civil buildings and railway bridges can be built by our high quality steel structure.
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Steel Structure Storage for Sale
Recently, the steel structure storage is very popular. It has many advantages with light weight and easy installation. In addition, the steel structure storage will provide the customers with safety and reliability. If you choose our products, we can provide you with customized steel structures. If you want to order or purchase different types and designs, we can meet your requirements. If you want to add other equipment, we can adopt your ideas and supply reasonable products.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
}
|
Home / Faq / I am interested in applying for a job with one of the coast guard partners. Where can I find information on vacancies?
I am interested in applying for a job with one of the coast guard partners. Where can I find information on vacancies?
For vacancies with a regional coast guard partner, surf to the website of SELOR (www.selor.be) or Jobpunt Vlaanderen (www.jobpunt.be ). For vacancies with a federal coast guard partner, surf to the website of SELOR. If you want to know more about vacancies with the ministry of Defence, call the contact center: 0032 (0)800 333 48. (SELOR website only available in Dutch/French; Jobpunt only available in Dutch).
For specific vacancies: visit the websites of the different coast guard partners.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
This invention relates generally to an improved high-voltage timing circuit for a MOS dynamic memory element.
There have been attempts to improve the characteristics of high-density dynamics memory elements such as action margin by using word line drive signals with voltage level higher than the source voltage. In conventional circuits, however, the delay time becomes too long if an attempt is made to obtain such a high voltage, and this has been one of the difficulties which prevented the elements from acquiring improved speeds.
FIG. 7 shows a conventional circuit which has been in general use for dynamic memory elements and its timing diagram is shown in FIG. 8. In FIG. 7, Nos. 1 and 2 each represent an ordinary timing circuit. The output voltage from each stage is equal to the source voltage V.sub.CC. Nos. 31 and 32 are circuits for generating active low delay signals, each determining the delay time between input and output signals for the circuit. The conventional method to construct a timing circuit with a high-voltage output by using such conventional circuits was to link the ordinary timing circuits 1 and 2 in series as shown in FIG. 7 and to make use of a MOS capacitor 4.
When this circuit generates a high-voltage output signal, the precharge signal .phi..sub.P becomes high during a precharge period as shown in FIG. 8 while the output .phi..sub.OUT and node B.sub.2 are precharged to the ground potential level and nodes A.sub.1 and A.sub.2 to high levels. The input .phi..sub.IN remains at the ground level during this precharge period. When the precharge signal .phi..sub.P drops to the ground level and the input signal .phi..sub.IN is inputted during the sebsequent active period, the MOS capacitor of the first-stage timing circuit begins to be charged and when its charging has been sufficiently completed, the delay circuit output A.sub.1 drops and the boost node 6 is boosted beyond V.sub.CC, causing the output signal .phi..sub.OUT to start rising through a MOS field-effect transistor (hereinafter called MOST) 7. Let the time of delay in this period be denoted by td1. The MOS capacitor 4 for boosting the output signal begins to charge as the output signal .phi..sub.OUT rises. Let td2 be the time it takes to charge it approximately to the level of V.sub.CC`. Since the MOS capacitor 4 generally has a large capacitance, the aforementioned charging time td 2 has a large value. When the charging of the MOS capacitor 4 has been completed, node A.sub.2 begins to drop; the node 8 in the second-stage timing circuit reaches a high level; the MOST 9 becomes conductive; the node 6 in the first-stage timing circuit is discharged to the grund level; the MOST 7 is cut off; the node 11 is boosted higher than V.sub.CC by the MOS capacitor 10; B.sub.2 rises through the MOST 12; and the output signal .phi..sub.OUT connected through the MOS capacitor 4 is boosted higher than the source voltage. Let td3 be the delay time of this period.
In summary, it requires a time period of td1+td2+td3 from the input of signal .phi..sub.IN until the desired high output voltage .phi..sub.OUT is obtained. In general, however, this required time is unnecessarily long, having a detrimental effect on the access time.
In other words, since two stages of a timing circuit are connected in series according to the conventional method, the time of delay becomes more than twice as long as if a single-stage timing circuit is used. Moreover, the boost capacitor 4 with large capacitance must be charged to a substantial degree during the active period and the time required for this charging has a limiting effect on the operating speed of the timing circuit.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
}
|
Q:
show the content on the right hand side
Here in the demo shown http://plnkr.co/edit/4BahcwPQp2vUi9rAEEXR?p=preview i'm facing two issues which can be resolved using simple css/bootstrap code.
Below are the issues i am facing.
1) I am trying to show the content on the right side when user click any option present on the left hand side. Right now when user click on any link(OS packages,Option Two), the content is displayed in the down to the options listed ass hown in the plnkr demo. Any suggestions how to show the content on the right hand side when user click on any of the option.
2)And second issue is when user click on an option, it is showing the content and again if user selects the same option it is hiding the content.I don't want to hide the content again when user clicks the same link for the second time. I tried to modify ng-click but could not get the expected output.
html code:
<div ng-controller="MainCtrl">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-sm-12">
<div class="panel panel-primary">
<div class="modal-body">
<div class="row">
<div ng-controller="MainCtrl">
<div class="workspace">
<div class="sidebar-wrap">
<h3>Click below options:</h3>
<div class="sidebar-contents">
<a class="nav clearfix"
ng-click="showOsPackages=!showOsPackages; optionTwo=false;"
ng-class="{ 'active' : showOsPackages }">
OS Packages
</a>
<p>
<a class="nav clearfix"
ng-click="optionTwo=!optionTwo; showOsPackages=false"
ng-class="{ 'active' : optionTwo }">
Option Two
</a>
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="" ng-show="showOsPackages">
<h1>OS Packages</h1>
<p>Computer, belay that order. Now we know what they mean by 'advanced' tactical training. The game's not big enough unless it scares you a little. The Federation's gone; the Borg is everywhere! Yesterday I did not know how to eat gagh. But the probability of making a six is no greater than that of rolling a seven. Earl Grey tea, watercress sandwiches... and Bularian canapés? Are you up for promotion? My oath is between Captain Kargan and myself. Your only concern is with how you obey my orders. Or do you prefer the rank of prisoner to that of lieutenant? Sure. You'd be surprised how far a hug goes with Geordi, or Worf. What's a knock-out like you doing in a computer-generated gin joint like this?</p>
</div>
<div class="" ng-show="optionTwo">
<h1>Option Two</h1>
<p>Computer, belay that order. Now we know what they mean by 'advanced' tactical training. The game's not big enough unless it scares you a little. The Federation's gone; the Borg is everywhere! Yesterday I did not know how to eat gagh. But the probability of making a six is no greater than that of rolling a seven. Earl Grey tea, watercress sandwiches... and Bularian canapés? Are you up for promotion? My oath is between Captain Kargan and myself. Your only concern is with how you obey my orders. Or do you prefer the rank of prisoner to that of lieutenant? Sure. You'd be surprised how far a hug goes with Geordi, or Worf. What's a knock-out like you doing in a computer-generated gin joint like this?</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
js code:
var app = angular.module('plunker', ["ngAnimate"]);
app.controller('MainCtrl', function($scope) {
$scope.name = 'slideout steeze';
});
Any suggestions would be helpful.
A:
I checked your code. Here are the corrections.
I am trying to show the content on the right side when user click any
option present on the left hand side. Right now when user click on
any link(OS packages,Option Two), the content is displayed in the
down to the options listed ass hown in the plnkr demo. Any
suggestions how to show the content on the right hand side when user
click on any of the option.
Firstly I wrapped your content in a wrapper div with a class contents-wrap then the sidebar-wrapper and contents-wrap can be set to 30% and 70% respectively, so that we get the desired result.
CSS:
.contents-wrap{
display:inline-block;
width:70%;
float:left;
}
.sidebar-wrap{
display:inline-block;
width:30%;
float:left;
}
And second issue is when user click on an option, it is showing the content and again if user selects the same option it is hiding the content.I don't want to hide the content again when user clicks the same link for the second time. I tried to modify ng-click but could not get the expected output.
For this I suggest setting the respective variable to just true, instead of toggling the input.
Plunkr Demo
But here is a even better version, where you only use one variable toggle and you set the selected tab name to the toggle variable, using this method, the number of variables needed to be defined is reduced.
Plunkr Demo
|
{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
|
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Scheme
LastUpgradeVersion = "0610"
version = "1.3">
<BuildAction
parallelizeBuildables = "YES"
buildImplicitDependencies = "YES">
<BuildActionEntries>
<BuildActionEntry
buildForTesting = "YES"
buildForRunning = "YES"
buildForProfiling = "YES"
buildForArchiving = "YES"
buildForAnalyzing = "YES">
<BuildableReference
BuildableIdentifier = "primary"
BlueprintIdentifier = "EC3CECAC1A9C02BB009D441D"
BuildableName = "Trax.app"
BlueprintName = "Trax"
ReferencedContainer = "container:Trax.xcodeproj">
</BuildableReference>
</BuildActionEntry>
<BuildActionEntry
buildForTesting = "YES"
buildForRunning = "YES"
buildForProfiling = "NO"
buildForArchiving = "NO"
buildForAnalyzing = "YES">
<BuildableReference
BuildableIdentifier = "primary"
BlueprintIdentifier = "EC3CECC11A9C02BC009D441D"
BuildableName = "TraxTests.xctest"
BlueprintName = "TraxTests"
ReferencedContainer = "container:Trax.xcodeproj">
</BuildableReference>
</BuildActionEntry>
</BuildActionEntries>
</BuildAction>
<TestAction
selectedDebuggerIdentifier = "Xcode.DebuggerFoundation.Debugger.LLDB"
selectedLauncherIdentifier = "Xcode.DebuggerFoundation.Launcher.LLDB"
shouldUseLaunchSchemeArgsEnv = "YES"
buildConfiguration = "Debug">
<Testables>
<TestableReference
skipped = "NO">
<BuildableReference
BuildableIdentifier = "primary"
BlueprintIdentifier = "EC3CECC11A9C02BC009D441D"
BuildableName = "TraxTests.xctest"
BlueprintName = "TraxTests"
ReferencedContainer = "container:Trax.xcodeproj">
</BuildableReference>
</TestableReference>
</Testables>
<MacroExpansion>
<BuildableReference
BuildableIdentifier = "primary"
BlueprintIdentifier = "EC3CECAC1A9C02BB009D441D"
BuildableName = "Trax.app"
BlueprintName = "Trax"
ReferencedContainer = "container:Trax.xcodeproj">
</BuildableReference>
</MacroExpansion>
</TestAction>
<LaunchAction
selectedDebuggerIdentifier = "Xcode.DebuggerFoundation.Debugger.LLDB"
selectedLauncherIdentifier = "Xcode.DebuggerFoundation.Launcher.LLDB"
launchStyle = "0"
useCustomWorkingDirectory = "NO"
buildConfiguration = "Debug"
ignoresPersistentStateOnLaunch = "NO"
debugDocumentVersioning = "YES"
allowLocationSimulation = "YES">
<BuildableProductRunnable>
<BuildableReference
BuildableIdentifier = "primary"
BlueprintIdentifier = "EC3CECAC1A9C02BB009D441D"
BuildableName = "Trax.app"
BlueprintName = "Trax"
ReferencedContainer = "container:Trax.xcodeproj">
</BuildableReference>
</BuildableProductRunnable>
<AdditionalOptions>
</AdditionalOptions>
</LaunchAction>
<ProfileAction
shouldUseLaunchSchemeArgsEnv = "YES"
savedToolIdentifier = ""
useCustomWorkingDirectory = "NO"
buildConfiguration = "Release"
debugDocumentVersioning = "YES">
<BuildableProductRunnable>
<BuildableReference
BuildableIdentifier = "primary"
BlueprintIdentifier = "EC3CECAC1A9C02BB009D441D"
BuildableName = "Trax.app"
BlueprintName = "Trax"
ReferencedContainer = "container:Trax.xcodeproj">
</BuildableReference>
</BuildableProductRunnable>
</ProfileAction>
<AnalyzeAction
buildConfiguration = "Debug">
</AnalyzeAction>
<ArchiveAction
buildConfiguration = "Release"
revealArchiveInOrganizer = "YES">
</ArchiveAction>
</Scheme>
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
|
x?
19, 1123
Let l = -1456 + 1492. Let y(u) = u + 2. Let a be y(-2). Suppose a = -c + 3*c - l. List the prime factors of c.
2, 3
Suppose 3*u + u = 4, -5*d - 26 = 4*u. List the prime factors of 562*(5 + 27/d).
281
Let t(r) = 1197*r - 1755. List the prime factors of t(29).
2, 3, 1831
Let o = 643 - -240. Suppose -37*z + v - 3538 = -41*z, v - o = -z. What are the prime factors of z?
3, 5, 59
Suppose 4*l = 5*f - 162, -5*f + 6*f = 5*l + 24. Suppose -f*a + 6848 = -18*a. List the prime factors of a.
2, 107
Let b be ((-3)/2)/((-6)/904). Suppose -u - b = h, h - 29 = -2*u - 255. What are the prime factors of -3 - 0 - (2 + h)/2?
109
Let h be -3*(7/(-3) - -1). Suppose 3*s - 23 = 2*f + 39, 52 = 2*s + h*f. List the prime factors of s.
2, 11
Let i(y) = -y**2 - 42*y - 170. Let w be i(-16). Let l be (-2)/(-9) - 48/(-27). Suppose l*x = -x + w. What are the prime factors of x?
2, 41
Let d = 10 + -13. Let y be -4 - 2*(-1 - -2). What are the prime factors of (-98)/4*d + (-9)/y?
3, 5
Suppose -10*c + 7 = h - 13*c, -h - 5*c + 31 = 0. Suppose -8036 = -h*n + 9*n. List the prime factors of n.
2, 7, 41
Let u(x) = -32*x + 114. Let b be u(10). Let s = b - -362. List the prime factors of s.
2, 3, 13
Let n(o) = 22*o**2 - 63*o + 721. List the prime factors of n(31).
2, 5, 11, 181
Suppose 11251 = 4*j + a, -4*j + 5*a = -6586 - 4695. List the prime factors of j.
2, 3, 7, 67
Let t(d) = -7*d + 30. Let q be 92/20 - 9/15. Let y be t(q). List the prime factors of (1/6*y)/(15/5445).
11
Let v(f) = 160*f + 6. Suppose -133*h + 135*h + 8 = 0. Let i(n) = 160*n + 6. Let q(k) = h*i(k) + 3*v(k). What are the prime factors of q(-1)?
2, 7, 11
Suppose 3*u + 231 = k - 311, k - 178 = u. What are the prime factors of u/21*10*(-9)/4?
3, 5, 13
Suppose -87*p + 2483796 + 1080806 = -949045. List the prime factors of p.
29, 1789
Suppose 723 - 2307 = -8*i. Let p be ((-7)/14)/((-3)/i). Let x = 38 - p. List the prime factors of x.
5
Let t(f) = 263*f**2 - 26*f + 140. What are the prime factors of t(7)?
5, 7, 367
Let n = 5604 + 579. List the prime factors of n.
3, 229
Suppose 17 + 43 = 12*k. Suppose 138 = -v + k*y, -3*v - 536 = 5*y - 122. Let p = v + 195. What are the prime factors of p?
3, 19
Let w be -4*((-1)/2)/1. Suppose w*t + 4*f = 28, 100 = t + 3*t - 3*f. What are the prime factors of t?
2, 11
Let h(s) = s**3 - 7*s**2 + 5*s + 1. Let o be h(1). Let b be 1/1 + (-932 - 1). What are the prime factors of (-16)/(-72) + o + b/(-18)?
2, 13
Let i be ((-135)/(-6) - -2) + (-1)/2. Suppose 0 = -33*f + 29*f - i. Let t(y) = 2*y**2 - 10*y - 57. List the prime factors of t(f).
3, 5
Suppose 30 = -b + 274. Let g be (-2)/6 - (-1272)/9. Let a = b - g. List the prime factors of a.
103
Let v(d) = -6*d - 110. Let s be v(-19). Suppose 0 = -s*h + 4*f + 732, -6*f + 5*f - 726 = -4*h. List the prime factors of h.
181
Let k be (-3)/(-2) - 33/(-2). Let m = -1398 - -1521. Let s = m + k. List the prime factors of s.
3, 47
Let v(j) = j**3 - j**2 - j + 1. Let m be v(-1). Suppose -2*x + 4 = -m*x. Suppose -x*l = -5*p - 105, 2*l + p = -2*p + 113. List the prime factors of l.
5, 11
Suppose -2*a - 86920 = -4*k + 6106, -2*k = 5*a - 46471. What are the prime factors of k?
3, 23, 337
Let l(m) = -4000*m - 10002. List the prime factors of l(-13).
2, 11, 23, 83
Suppose w - 2*n = 3*w - 870, 2*n - 1309 = -3*w. Let r = -95 + w. List the prime factors of r.
2, 43
Let c = -254 - -248. List the prime factors of (-3)/((-6)/20) + c + 3.
7
Let t(r) = -r**3 - 101*r**2 + 218*r + 183. What are the prime factors of t(-108)?
3, 19429
Let v(u) = 37*u - 297. Let j be v(12). Let l be (-4)/5*(-2325)/6. Let y = l - j. List the prime factors of y.
163
Let a(m) = m**3 - 10*m**2 - 8*m + 4. Let g be a(13). Let t = -287 + g. What are the prime factors of t?
2, 3, 5
Suppose 4*v - 135644 = v - 2*p, -90421 = -2*v - 3*p. What are the prime factors of v?
2, 23, 983
Let d(s) be the third derivative of -3*s**4/8 - 7*s**3/2 - 10*s**2. Let c be d(-3). List the prime factors of c*1/2 - 384/(-6).
67
Let h(j) = 205*j**2 - 34*j - 331. List the prime factors of h(-10).
20509
What are the prime factors of (5/(15/53708))/(16/12)?
29, 463
Let j(t) = 1114*t**2 + 1. Suppose -6*i - 28*i - 34 = 0. List the prime factors of j(i).
5, 223
Suppose 5*a = -5*q + 138855, -20680 = -3*a + 3*q + 62597. List the prime factors of a.
3, 5, 617
Suppose 0 = -71*n - 66*n + 3245941. What are the prime factors of n?
19, 29, 43
Suppose 2*y - 4*l - 64 = -6*l, -y + 35 = 2*l. Suppose -y*d + 20*d = -1944. List the prime factors of d.
2, 3
Let l(j) = j**3 - 9*j**2 + 21*j - 1. Let i be l(5). What are the prime factors of ((-8136)/18)/((-10)/i - -2)?
2, 113
Suppose 0 = -8*g + 5*g - 5*s - 43, 4*s + 50 = -5*g. Suppose -7*q + 216 = 17*q. List the prime factors of 132/q*g/(-1).
2, 11
Suppose -14*t + 54 = -11*t. Suppose -8*n = -t*n + 4230. List the prime factors of n.
3, 47
Let c(a) = 261*a - 207. What are the prime factors of c(16)?
3, 7
Suppose 5*a + 1273 = 2*n - 575, 5*a - 3696 = -4*n. List the prime factors of n.
2, 3, 7, 11
Suppose -16*o = -20*o + 120. Let b be (-3)/(9/(-12)) + o + -1. List the prime factors of b/(-2)*(-6)/(-12)*-8.
2, 3, 11
Let a(c) = 59*c**2 + 95*c + 50. What are the prime factors of a(22)?
2, 3, 1279
Suppose -5*c - 20502 = -14*c. Let x = -1352 + c. List the prime factors of x.
2, 463
Let v(h) = -h**3 - 2*h**2 - 9*h. Suppose -14 = -4*p + 10. Let m(k) = -3*k**2 + 18*k - 4. Let j be m(p). What are the prime factors of v(j)?
2, 17
Let d(y) = -41*y - 9. Let q(u) = 0 + 3 + 20*u + 2. Let f(s) = 4*d(s) + 9*q(s). What are the prime factors of f(4)?
73
Let t(k) = -k**2 + 4*k + 18. Let b be t(8). Let g(s) = -59*s. Let h be g(b). Let j = h - 588. List the prime factors of j.
2, 7, 17
Let w be -14 - (3/(-2))/((-8)/(-32)). List the prime factors of 874 + (-4)/w*0.
2, 19, 23
Suppose 5*j + 4*f = -20, 2*j - 5*f - 11 - 14 = 0. Suppose 9 - 86 = -n + 4*k, k = j. List the prime factors of 1 + (n - 0) - 12/(-12).
79
Let z be 6 + (-6 + -212)*-1. What are the prime factors of 3 + z + (-3)/(-3)?
2, 3, 19
Let u(b) = 48*b - 29. Let x be u(7). Let i = x - 231. What are the prime factors of i?
2, 19
Suppose -5*y + 35 = -580. Suppose -1810*w + 1825*w + 1155 = 0. Let i = y + w. List the prime factors of i.
2, 23
Let o(g) = -g**3 - 36*g**2 + 36*g - 44. Let x be o(-37). What are the prime factors of 1*(-9 + 3) - 7385/x?
1049
Let n(r) = 5*r - 72. Let f be n(15). What are the prime factors of (f - (-220)/10) + 1 + -1?
5
Let p(q) = 4*q**3 + 14 - 19*q - 211*q**2 - 3*q**3 + 219*q**2. What are the prime factors of p(-7)?
2, 7
List the prime factors of 17094/22*(-22)/(-6).
7, 11, 37
Suppose 2*t = -4*q + 14004 + 20298, -4*q + 3*t = -34317. What are the prime factors of q?
3, 953
Suppose 0 = -362*j + 4442907 - 940919. What are the prime factors of j?
2, 7, 691
Let h(o) = -2*o**2 - 17*o - 2. Let j be h(-8). Suppose 66*c = 64*c + j. What are the prime factors of 4 + (-9)/c - -52?
53
Let f = -3470 - -5374. Suppose -15*a + f = -11*a. What are the prime factors of a?
2, 7, 17
Suppose 32*z + 6268 = 42268. Let o = z + -401. What are the prime factors of o?
2, 181
Suppose 2*c - c - 178 = -4*a, -5*c - 100 = -2*a. Let l(d) = -18*d**3 + 45*d**3 + 2*d - 1 - 3*d**2 + 19*d**3 + a*d**3. What are the prime factors of l(1)?
89
Let c(j) = -2*j + 8. Let r be c(3). Suppose -5*d - 180 = 4*z, 3*d - 90 = r*z + d. What are the prime factors of -4 + 40/5 - z?
7
Suppose -30*b + 153295 = -290375. What are the prime factors of b?
23, 643
Let w(k) = k**2 + 2*k - 1. Let x be w(-3). Suppose -x*u - 2*u = -600. Let q = u - 48. What are the prime factors of q?
2, 3, 17
Let o = -16476 + 42466. List the prime factors of o.
2, 5, 23, 113
What are the prime factors of (-2666874)/(-235) + (-6)/15?
2, 2837
Let n(i) = 33*i - 161. Let b be n(5). Suppose -b*p + 2*r + 4406 = 0, -3*r + 4317 = 5*p - 1196. What are the prime factors of p?
2, 19, 29
Suppose -d = -5*d - 8. Suppose 1146*g - 1154*g + 64 = 0. What are the prime factors of 4/3 - (d - g/(-6))?
2
Suppose -4*z - 5*w = 61, -5 = z - w - 1. Let k(u) = 18*u + 22. Let y be k(z). Let c = 233 + y. List the prime factors of c.
3, 31
Let f(d) = d**2 - 23*d - 21. Let v be f(24). Suppose -4*q - 118 + 397 = t, -3*t + v*q + 912 = 0. Suppose 2*s - t + 33 = 0. What are the prime factors of s?
7, 19
Let n = 27301 + -12866. List the prime fa
|
{
"pile_set_name": "DM Mathematics"
}
|
The present invention relates to a method for marking an insertable portion of an endoscope, and more particularly, a marking method for forming marks on an outside surface of an insertable portion of an endoscope.
As is well known, an endoscope may be used to observe the inside of a non-accessible area. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, when a foreign substance 15 is located within a duct 14 of a small diameter (decreasing the efficiency of duct 14), an insertable portion 12 of an industrial endoscope is inserted into the duct 14 to observe its inside. An objective optical system is provided on a distal end portion 13 of the endoscope to observe object 15. When any foreign substance such as substance 15 is found, an approximate range to the foreign substance 15 can be measured by knowing an inserted length l of the insertable portion 12. Thus, marks 16 (range scales) are provided over the whole length of the insertable portion 12.
Endoscopes for the use as described above are employed in numerous environments. Accordingly, an outer cover of the insertable portion of an endoscope must have a high chemical and mechanical durability. Similarly, marks 16 formed on the outer cover of the insertable portion must have a high durability so as not to fade due to chemical or mechanical action.
Conventionally, marks have been formed as disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Publication Sho No. 57-22575 and Japanese Utility Model Publication Sho No. 59-42002, in such a way that marks are drawn on the outer surface of an outer cover of the insertable portion of an endoscope with a marking material and are heated to deposit them thereon. In this case, the outer cover is made of ethylene tetrafluoride resin and the marking material is a synthetic ethylene fluoride resin having a lower melting point than that of the outer cover and includes a desired pigment.
However, the sheath tube of the insertable portion of an endoscope does not include the fine braided metal wire. Rather, the ethylene hexafluoride resin is merely applied to a ethylene tetrafluoride resin tube and baked at a temperature of 200.degree. to 800.degree. C. to deposit the marking material thereon. Marks on endoscopes produced according to this method do not have a high mechanical durability.
Furthermore, in the conventional marking method, as described above, the sheath tube comprising the insertable portion of the endoscope is made of ethylene tetrafluoride resin, and the marks are drawn on the outer surface of the outer sheath tube with ethylene tetrafluoride resin mixed with a pigment of a desired color. The tube with the markings thereon is baked at a temperature of 200.degree. to 800.degree. C. to adhere the markings to the tube.
However, problems of durability persist. The ethylene tetrafluoride resin is susceptible to being shaved off or damaged, particularly in industrial applications. Consequently, it is impossible to assure the durability of marks formed from ethylene hexafluoride resin on an endoscope surface.
In order to obtain a sufficient degree of mechanical durability, an outer sheath tube 17 for an endoscope is proposed in which fine metal wires 18 (such as stainless steel wires) are braided on a plane, as shown in FIG. 3. In order to prevent release (flying out) of cut fine metal wires and to give hermetic sealing of an outer cover, an outer sheath tube 17 for an endoscope is developed which is formed by impregnating fluorine-containing rubber (fluorine elastomer) 19 between wires and then vulcanizing it. In order to provide marks 16 which are distinguishable, different colors are formed on the outer cover, however, adhesiveness of a marking material to the fine metal wires and the impregnated fluorine-contained rubber is required. In fact, even when a commonly used coating varnish is dissolved in a commonly used solvent and is applied to the outer cover, it has a poor adhesiveness and easily comes off in an environment of 20.degree. C. which is common for an industrial endoscope.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
}
|
Search form
You are here
Change we can believe in: The pope, condoms, and church teaching
Church teaching is the same always and everywhere—except when it isn’t.
Using the words “pope” and “condom” in the same sentence is bound to draw attention; when it’s the pope himself using the latter word in a sentence of his own, the world takes notice.
So it did when, in excerpts of his new book-length interview Light of the World (Ignatius), Pope Benedict XVI acknowledged the moral possibility of a person with HIV using a condom to prevent the infection of a sexual partner: “[The church] of course does not regard [condoms] as a real or moral solution,” said Benedict, “but, in this or that case, there can be nonetheless, in the intention of reducing the risk of infection, a first step in a movement toward a different way, a more human way, of living sexuality.”
Reaction to the pope’s remarks ranged from relief among Catholic health care providers in the most AIDS-ravaged parts of the world—who have hoped for such a statement—to condemnation of the media for focusing on this one small part of the pope’s book. But since the Vatican approved the excerpts for publication just prior to the book’s release, it seems likely that the Holy See anticipated the furor. The remarks even came complete with a Vatican press release the day after, which, while insisting the pope’s remarks were made “in a colloquial, and not magisterial, form” and denying any change in church teaching, confirmed what the pope said.
There was nonetheless pushback from many quarters. Papal friend and publisher Joseph Fessio, S.J. assured ABC News that “we will not see a change either in this papacy or after this papacy.” The newly elected president of the U.S. bishops’ conference, New York’s Archbishop Timothy Dolan, put it more bluntly in an interview with The New York Times: “You get the impression that the Holy See or the pope is like Congress and every once in a while says, ‘Oh, let’s change this law.’ We can’t.” Except sometimes the pope does.
This change-phobia among many Catholics is perhaps the more interesting dimension of the story. Despite the fact that church history is littered with changes in not only custom and practice but moral teaching (slavery, torture, and usury, to name a few), acknowledging them is almost anathema. But one has only to look to the earliest chapters of the New Testament to find an example.
Consider St. Paul: In his letters he rarely refers to the teachings of Jesus, but what he does cite he feels free to change. Paul acknowledges when writing to the church in Corinth, for example, that Jesus forbade divorce. Yet, when faced with converts whose non-Christian spouses didn’t want to live with them anymore, Paul first restates Jesus’ command in four different ways but then modifies it: “If the unbelieving partner separates, let it be so; in such a case the brother or sister is not bound” (1 Cor. 7:15), therefore free to remarry. Faced with a new problem, Paul adapts. Jesus said no divorce; Paul says no divorce, too—unless there is a really good reason.
That is a precedent all Christians should be thankful for. Without it Christianity would likely have remained a fringe movement on the edge of Judaism if it didn’t die out altogether. Providentially Paul and generations after him had the good sense to adapt the demands of the gospel to the needs of time, place, and culture, even when that meant making a “concession,” just as Benedict has now done as well. His predecessor Pope Paul VI could not have foreseen the ravages of AIDS when he wrote Humanae Vitae more than 40 years ago, and one wonders if he might not have carved out an exception himself had he been aware of what the future would hold.
It is unfortunate, then, that so many Catholics are unwilling to acknowledge the possibility of change. Ours would be a brittle doctrine indeed if it could not respond to the needs of people in danger, and our faith is on shaky ground if it can’t survive a certain amount of modification, reevaluation, and even the occasional about-face. We would all be better served by a thoughtful, theological—even papal—acknowledgment that, as a pilgrim people, our grasp of the truth is conditioned by time and circumstance.
That doesn’t mean we lack the truth or that every change is a good one. It just means that the fullness of truth, as a dimension of the divine mystery, is beyond our human comprehension. Our salvation, after all, isn’t predicated on being right about everything all the time. In fact, thank God, we’re still saved even when we’re wrong.
This article appeared in the February 2011 issue of U.S. Catholic (Vol. 76, No. 2, page 8).
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
Hawks win again, deal Knicks 5th straight loss
NEW YORK (AP) — Paul Millsap scored 19 points, Dennis Schroder extended his best stretch in the NBA with two big baskets in the final 2 minutes, and the Atlanta Hawks sent the New York Knicks to their fifth straight loss with a 91-85 victory Monday night.
Schroder, a second-year guard from Germany, scored a career-high 14 points, two nights after setting his previous career best with 11. With the Hawks clinging to a three-point lead, he knocked down a jumper with 1:55 to play, then scored on a drive to the basket that gave Atlanta an 81-74 advantage with 59 seconds remaining.
Carmelo Anthony had 25 points, nine rebounds and seven assists for the Knicks, who came in averaging 92 points, tied for worst in the NBA, and barely surpassed their previous low of 80 in their season-opening loss to Chicago.
They scored 61 points in the first half Saturday but faded to just 13 in the third quarter and 35 after halftime. They managed only 38 more in the first half of this one, but managed to keep it close throughout until the Hawks made the bigger plays down the stretch.
Schroder made four free throws after his consecutive baskets to help Atlanta finish it off.
Iman Shumpert had 18 points for the Knicks.
___
TIP-INS
Hawks: Korver moved past Nick Van Exel (1,528) into 20th place in NBA history with 1,530 3-pointers. … Atlanta was making its only visit this season to Madison Square Garden. … For Veteran’s Day, Hawks players and coaches will visit Atlanta VA Medical Center on Tuesday, meeting patients and handing out team gear.
Knicks: Team President Phil Jackson said before the game he is optimistic despite New York’s struggles and has seen improvement. “I see growth in this team and I’m optimistic that, it’s not always the final score, it’s sometimes how you play,” he said. “I think we’re playing the game much better and getting some activity that we like to see.” … Coach Derek Fisher said he didn’t expect Jose Calderon (strained right calf) or Andrea Bargnani (strained right hamstring) to practice Tuesday, and if they did it would be limited. Neither projected starter has played this season.
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{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
For the purposes of this discussion, programmable logic is defined to be digital circuitry of fixed connectivity that can be configured by a user to emulate other digital systems of arbitrary topologies at high speed. It can be used to create high speed logic simulators as well as configurable compute engines capable of outperforming supercomputers at certain tasks for a fraction of the cost. Programmable logic systems capable of emulating large digital circuits (with hundreds of thousands of gates) are expensive, typically costing on the order of one to two dollars per emulated gate, and require a large number of integrated circuits distributed across multiple, complex printed circuit boards.
One class of programmable logic is based on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) technology. The basic idea behind this approach is to connect a number of FPGAs together in a fixed topology. Each FPGA includes two types of resources: (1) a number of logic cells which can be programmed or configured to perform a specific logic function (such as "AND" or "EXCLUSIVE OR"); and (2) routing resources which can be programmed to interconnect the logic cells with each other and with external input/output pins. The programmed FPGA thus forms a useful logic circuit which is a subset of the entire logic system to be simulated; the entire set of FPGAs taken together then functionally simulates the desired logic system. Since the FPGAs in these architectures have fixed physical connections among them that cannot be altered, simulating a logic system requires a mapping of the circuit for the logic system of interest onto the interconnected FPGAs such that the logic functions and interconnections of the original circuit are precisely represented by the programming of the FPGAs. High speed simulation is possible since the logic cells within the FPGAs perform their computations in parallel, communicating their results with each other through the routing network.
Designing programmable logic capable of high capacity (greater than 1,000,000 gates) and speed (a clock rate greater than 1 MHz) presents several, often conflicting, challenges. First, mapping or "compiling" an arbitrary logic system onto the fixed topology is a difficult and potentially computationally expensive procedure. This problem is substantially reduced if the architecture allows the mapping problem to be broken into a set of simpler, loosely coupled subproblems.
Second, because a generic, programmable structure is being used for emulating a wide variety of possible user designs or algorithms, there is considerably more routing and logic "overhead" than there would be in an optimized layout of the user's design. This overhead must be contained within reasonable bounds while still providing a compilable target.
Third, the design of the architecture and its implementation are necessarily coupled when optimizing data paths for delay.
Finally, the topology and physical organization of the architecture directly affects the difficulty of its implementation. Regular structures with simple interconnections are easier to build.
These problems are best addressed by logic structures that utilize a hierarchical structure for the routing structure network. The routing structure consists of a tree of routing circuits. The root node of the tree provides the input and output lines for the FPGA. The leaf nodes of the tree are connected to the logic cells.
It would be advantageous to provide such a structure on a single wafer to minimize the number of external connections. Prior art architectures of programmable logic systems have been found lacking in their adaptability to wafer scale integration. In prior art systems, the routing function has been implemented in separate router chips. That is, the system was constructed from two classes of basic chips, routers and logic chips. This approach has two main drawbacks when applied to designs requiring wafer-scale implementation. First, if the topology of the system is changed, the wafer must be completely redesigned. For example, if one were to design a system with a different number of levels in the tree routing structure, the size and shape of all of the routing cells would need to be changed. The new cells would then have to be fitted onto the wafer.
Second, this type of design has difficulty accommodating component failures. One important aspect of wafer scale integration is the need to accommodate component fabrication errors. Typically, additional components are provided and some means of substituting the additional components for the failed components is provided. Alternatively, the system should be able to function adequately without one or more of the components, provided the locations of the non-operative components is known.
Broadly, it is the object of the present invention to provide an improved FPGA system.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide an FPGA system that is more easily adapted to wafer scale integration than prior art FPGA systems.
It is a still further object of the present invention to an FPGA that can be constructed from a single sub-unit.
These and other objects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of the invention and the accompanying drawings.
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{
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
}
|
Q:
Google map fragment to be called in multiple activity
I'm new Android Developing and I want to know how can I create a fragment of map in and call it in multiple activity layouts?
Please help with proper description as I am new to Android Development.
I already have the API key required from Google.
A:
Firstly, I think this question is a possible duplicate. Please refer to this link.
Secondly, there are a number of tutorials online regarding this; including one given by Google. Please refer to these links:
Google Maps Android API v2 Documentation
Vogella Google Maps Android API v2 - Tutorial
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{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
|
Paris Junior College Celebrates 39th Creative Writing Awards
Talented writers were honored at the 39th year of the Paris Junior College writing awards on Wednesday.
“This ceremony gives us a chance to recognize and encourage our students in their writing endeavors,” said organizer and PJC English instructor Marsha Dennis.
David King of Quinlan received the Outstanding Student in English. Stephanie Bradford, from Sulphur Springs, was named Outstanding Student in a Foreign Language and Iliana Chakarova, from Bansko, Bulgaria, received Outstanding Student in English as a Second Language.
Dometreus LaWayne “Bo” Pruitt of Paris was named Journalism Student of the Year, for the second year in a row. Taylor McCloure of Pattonville received The Paris News Scholarship of $500.
Swingers of Birches, the anthology of first prize-winning entries published by the Communications and Fine Arts Division and produced by the PJC Print Shop, was distributed at the reception following the awards ceremony. To receive a copy, contact the English Department.
Cutline: The 39th year of the Paris Junior College creative writing awards was held Wednesday, April 16. Top award winners are shown, from left: Stephanie Bradford of Sulphur Springs, Outstanding Student in a Foreign Language; Iliana Chakarova of Bansko, Bulgaria, Outstanding Student in English as a Second Language; David King of Quinlan, Outstanding Student in English; Dometreus LaWayne“Bo” Pruitt of Paris, Journalism Student of the Year. Taylor McCloure of Pattonville, The Paris News Scholarship of $500. First place submissions are compiled into the anthology, Swingers of Birches.
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{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
ABC Picks Up Five New Shows
Nathan Fillion
Nathan Fillion
Nathan Fillion
Zap2It.com
Ten years after the original version, "Cupid" will get another chance to find love from TV viewers.
"Veronica Mars" creator Rob Thomas' remake of his 1998-99 show is one of five series ABC has picked up for midseason. The network has also ordered a pair of comedies, "Single With Parents" and "Better Off Ted," and a pair of cop dramas: "Castle," starring Nathan Fillion, and "The Unusuals."
"It was worth taking the time to go through the pilot process to really do it right," ABC Entertainment president Stephen McPherson says. "They're perfect additions to our dominant core slate of shows."
Following the end of the writers strike earlier this year, ABC opted to go through its normal development process, rather than order shows straight to series without having shot a pilot. McPherson adds that the network may pick up more series later in the season; the fantasy drama "Captain Cook's Extraordinary Atlas" and the "Hamlet"-inspired soap "Prince of Motor City" are still reportedly in contention, along with Damon Wayans' comedy "Never Better" and another show from Thomas, "Good Behavior."
"Better Off Ted" comes from writer Victor Fresco ("Andy Richter Controls the Universe," "My Name Is Earl"). Jay Harrington ("Coupling," "Desperate Housewives") plays the title character, the head of research and development who tries to do good work inside an unethical corporate giant.
"Castle" stars Fillion ("Firefly," "Desperate Housewives") as Nick Castle, a best-selling mystery novelist who consults with the NYPD when a killer stages murders similar to those in Nick's books. Stana Katic ("Heroes"), Ruben Santiago-Hudson ("Lackawanna Blues") and Monet Mazur also star.
"Cupid" is a remake of Thomas' short-lived late-'90s show about a recently released mental patient who believes he's the Roman god of love. Bobby Cannavale ("Will & Grace") will play the title character this time around (Jeremy Piven starred in the original), and Sarah Paulson ("Studio 60") will play the psychiatrist assigned to monitor him.
"Single With Parents" stars Alyssa Milano, late of "My Name Is Earl," as a woman whose divorced parents (Annie Potts and Beau Bridges) are far too reliant on her for advice and support.
"The Unusuals" follows a group of detectives in the NYPD's homicide division, each with his or her own sizable quirks and personal issues. The ensemble cast includes Amber Tamblyn ("Joan of Arcadia"), Harold Perrineau ("Lost") and Adam Goldberg ("Entourage").
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{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
Q:
Get email and phone no of name defined without using pick intent
I want to get phone no and email address from contacts using query. Following is my current code. But not getting email from current cursor.
What is wrong in it.
String NAME = "ABC";
ContentResolver cr = getContentResolver();
Cursor cursor = cr.query(ContactsContract.Contacts.CONTENT_URI, null,
"DISPLAY_NAME = '" + NAME + "'", null, null);
if (cursor.moveToFirst()) {
String contactId = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(ContactsContract.Contacts._ID));
String number = "";
String email = "";
Cursor cursor_pn_email = cr.query(ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.CONTENT_URI, null,
ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.CONTACT_ID + " = " + contactId, null, null);
while (cursor_pn_email.moveToNext()) {
number = cursor_pn_email.getString(cursor_pn_email.getColumnIndex(ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.NUMBER));
email = cursor_pn_email.getString(cursor_pn_email.getColumnIndex(ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Email.DATA1));
}
cursor_pn_email.close();
}
cursor.close();
A:
I got the issue I was finding email using phone cursor. Following is the code for email cursor
Cursor cursorEmail = cr.query(ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Email.CONTENT_URI,
null,
ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Email.CONTACT_ID + " = ?",
new String[]{contactId},
null);
if (cursorEmail.moveToFirst()) {
email = cursorEmail.getString(cursorEmail.getColumnIndex(ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Email.DATA));
}
|
{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
|
Oct 9, 1960Long Island, New York, NY, USADec 11, 2008
Trending: 600th This Week
Maddie Blaustein is a voice actress known for voicing Meowth, Solomon Muto, and E-123 Omega.
Take a visual walk through her career and see 107 images of the characters she's voiced and listen to 13 clips that showcase her performances.
Trivia & Fun Facts:
Was born intersex and assigned male at birth. She subsequently transitioned to being a female.
Found deeper male voices more difficult to perform than female or higher male voices.
Her voice for Corphish was based on her pet parrot, Jake.
Originally auditioned for James in Pokemon.
She found it difficult to put as little emotion as possible into Omega for Sonic 2006, but had to do so at the director's request.
but had to do so at the director's request. She joined serebii.net (a popular Pokemon fansite) in 2006, and had a thread where she answered fan questions. The topic amassed over 100 pages.
Her brother is video game translator Jeremy Blaustein.
Quotes:
"Meowth has been a nonstop joy to voice for 8 solid years. I loved every minute of being Meowth!"
|
{
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
}
|
Motor skills assessments: support for a general motor factor for the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 and the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-2.
To evaluate the construct validity and model-based reliability of general and specific contributions of the subscales of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (MABC-2) and Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-2 (BOT-2) when evaluating motor skills across a range of psychiatric disorders. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and bifactor analysis were conducted on BOT-2 data from 187 elementary school students (grades 1 to 6) (mean age: 113 ± 20 months; boys: n = 117, 62.56%) and on MABC-2 data from 127 elementary school students (grade 1) (mean age: 76 ± 2 months; boys: n = 58, 45.67%). The results of the CFA fit the data for multidimensionality for the BOT-2 and presented poor fit indices for the MABC-2. For both tests, the bifactor model showed that the reliability of the subscales was poor. The BOT-2 exhibited factorial validity with a multidimensional structure among the current samples, but the MABC-2 showed poor fit indices, insufficient to confirm its multidimensional structure. For both tests, most of the reliable variance came from a general motor factor (M-factor), therefore the scoring and reporting of subscale scores were not justified for both tests.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
|
; Test that the memcmp library call simplifier works correctly.
;
; RUN: opt < %s -instcombine -S | FileCheck %s
target datalayout = "e-p:32:32:32-i1:8:8-i8:8:8-i16:16:16-i32:32:32-i64:32:64-f32:32:32-f64:32:64-v64:64:64-v128:128:128-a0:0:64-f80:128:128"
declare i32* @memcmp(i8*, i8*, i32)
; Check that memcmp functions with the wrong prototype aren't simplified.
define i32* @test_no_simplify1(i8* %mem, i32 %size) {
; CHECK-LABEL: @test_no_simplify1(
%ret = call i32* @memcmp(i8* %mem, i8* %mem, i32 %size)
; CHECK-NEXT: call i32* @memcmp
ret i32* %ret
; CHECK-NEXT: ret i32* %ret
}
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
|
Nickel for your thoughts: urey and the origin of the moon.
The theories of Harold C. Urey (1893-1981) on the origin of the moon are discussed in relation to earlier ideas, especially George Howard Darwin's fission hypothesis. Urey's espousal of the idea that the moon had been captured by the earth and has preserved information about the earliest history of the solar system led him to advocate a manned lunar landing. Results from the Apollo missions, in particular the deficiency of siderophile elements in the lunar crust, led him to abandon the capture selenogony and tentatively adopt the fission hypothesis.
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{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
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Hans Roepstorff
Hans Roepstorff (1910–1945) was a German chess master.
Roepstorff took 15th at Kraków 1938 (Jaroslav Šajtar won), shared first with Paul Mross but lost to him a play-off at Berlin 1938, tied for 8–10th at Warsaw/Lublin/Kraków 1942 (the third General Government chess tournament, Alexander Alekhine won), took 10th at Vienna 1943 (the 10th German Chess Championship, Josef Lokvenc won), tied for 5–6th at Krynica 1943 (the fourth GG-ch, Lokvenc won), and took third at Radom 1944 (the fifth GG-ch, Efim Bogoljubow won).
References
Category:1910 births
Category:1945 deaths
Category:German chess players
Category:20th-century chess players
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{
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}
|
S-methylcysteine may be a causal factor in monohalomethane neurotoxicity.
S-methylcysteine (SMC) is formed after exposure to monohalomethanes in rodents as well as in humans. The present study was performed to study whether SMC, directly or indirectly, contributes to the well-known neurotoxicity of monohalomethanes. We have investigated the effects of acute exposure to SMC by means of electrophysiolocal measurements in freshly prepared hippocampal slices and dissociated hippocampal neurons in culture. For longer-term exposures (24 h) we have used organotypic cultures (2 weeks in culture), taking electrophysiologic recordings and assessing membrane integrity with propidium iodide (PI) fluorescence. We found that only high concentrations of SMC (10(-2) M; exposure time 30 min) in freshly isolated slices of adult rats reduce synaptically evoked population spikes in the CA1 region. This effect was at least partially reversible. In organotypic cultures, at 5 x 10(-5) M after 24 h of exposure, SMC compromises membrane integrity as revealed by PI fluorescence, only in the dentate gyrus, spreading to pyramidal cell layers at 50 x 10(-4) M. At 5 x 10(-6) and 2 x 10(-5) M, under the same experimental conditions, no changes were seen with the PI method, but we recorded increased population spike amplitudes, repetitive discharges and frequency potentiation (at a stimulus repetition rate of 0.05 Hz). Using whole-cell patch clamp in hippocampal dissociated neurons we have found that SMC (applied for approximately 1s) reduces GABA-induced currents ( IC(50) = 4.4 x 10(-4) M) without having an effect of its own, acting like a competitive antagonist at GABA(A) receptors. Our findings are in line with the view that the ability of monohalomethanes to induce the formation of SMC is an important factor for their neurotoxicity, provided that SMC is allowed to act at least for several hours. The effects exerted by SMC seem to be due, at least in part, to its interaction with GABA receptors.
|
{
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|
Using Word 2013, I was experiencing some incredible lag when typing. Here's what worked for me....
Generally speaking, I think Microsoft Office is a solid suite of applications. However, I found myself pulling my hair out because of some serious lag when typing.
This was the basic symptom:
When I typed something in a Word document - whether it's a blank document, a document created from a template, or an existing document - I experienced incredible lag. It would take a while for the characters to appear in the document. Sometimes 2-3 seconds, other times as much as 45 seconds or more.
Of course, this happened right in the middle of a huge project with very, very tight deadlines. And, of course, I was already running behind.
My first thought was I had a virus of some sort. So, I did deep scan, and nothing was found. I ran a repair through Control Panel > Programs and that didn't help. It felt like the CPU was pegged, but it wasn't... although Word was using more than its fair share of CPU time. I closed all other programs and that didn't help. I was getting pretty frustrated.
I finally figured out the problem, and it had to do with my video cards. Apparently, Word didn't like the fact the video cards were trying to handle the graphics. Considering I have two heavy-hitting NVIDIA cards with SLI, I was a little surprised.
1. In Word 2013, go to "File" and "Options"
2. Click on "Advanced" and scroll down to find the "Display" settings.
3. Find the "Disable hardware graphics acceleration" setting.
Here's where it gets a little wonky. One would think checking this box would be a bad thing as it would slow down your graphics rendering and cause the lag. That very well could be the case.
Or, it might be that Word doesn't like your video card and so this box needs to be checked. Basically, if it's checked, remove the check from the box. If it's not checked, then put a check in the box. Either way, it should fix your problem.
In my particular case, I had to disable acceleration, so I put a check in the box.
I hope this helps you out! If you find that this article has helpful, please click the blue and white ‘Good Article?’ button below.
Out of curiosity, how did you even come to the initial correlation of checking video hardware acceleration?
I can't speak for the author, but that's an old bugaboo from circa 2000.
Compaq Presarios would GPF under Simply Accounting if Hardware Acceleration was left turned on.
Now, why an accounting program or a word processor should screw up if a setting that should rightfully apply to gaming is turned on, your guess is as good as mine -- but while that was the first, I doubt it will be the last.
Now that this has come back to mind, I have one triple monitor system with Simply Accounting that has some lag in rendering. I'll have to go try the old fix -- nothing else has worked!
Nick67 is right... I ran into problems with hardware acceleration a long, long time ago in Windows NT 4.0 and Windows 2000. I still didn't make the connection until I started going through all the settings in Word and saw this particular one.
Quite frankly, I only messed with it out of sheer desperation. I mean, two overclocked NVIDIA GeForce GTX 780's with SLI can't handle Microsoft Word? LOL
In this video you will find out how to export Office 365 mailboxes using the built in eDiscovery tool. Bear in mind that although this method might be useful in some cases, using PST files as Office 365 backup is troublesome in a long run (more on t…
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Theodora Clemens Hall
Theodora Clemens Hall (12 June 1902–19 December 1980) was a New Zealand doctor. She was born in Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand on 12 June 1902.
References
Category:1902 births
Category:1980 deaths
Category:New Zealand women medical doctors
Category:People from Wellington City
Category:20th-century New Zealand medical doctors
Category:20th-century women physicians
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{
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
}
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Q:
Select products and join categories hierarchical
I have two tables in my database:
create table category (id integer, name text, parent_id integer);
create table product (id integer, name text, category integer, description text);
insert into category
values
(1, 'Category A', null),
(2, 'Category B', null),
(3, 'Category C', null),
(4, 'Category D', null),
(5, 'Subcategory Of 1', 1),
(6, 'Subcategory Of 5', 5),
(7, 'Subcategory Of 5', 5),
(8, 'Subcategory of D', 4)
;
insert into product
values
(1, 'Product One', 5, 'Our first product'),
(2, 'Product Two', 6, 'Our second product'),
(3, 'Product Three', 8, 'The even better one');
How can I return like this:
product_id | product_name | root_category | category_path
-----------+--------------+---------------+-----------------------------
1 | Product One | 1 | /Category A/Subcategory Of 1
2 | Product Two | 1 | /Category A/Subcategory of 5/Subcategory of 6
I use "WITH RECURSIVE" in categories table but can't find the way to combine product table with 1 time query.
I use example from here
What's the best way to do this ?
A:
Here you go, assumming you have MariaDB 10.2 or newer:
with recursive pt (root_id, id, path) as (
select id, id, concat('/', name) from category where parent_id is null
union all
select pt.root_id, c.id, concat(pt.path, '/', c.name)
from pt join category c on c.parent_id = pt.id
)
select p.id, p.name, pt.root_id, pt.path
from pt
join product p on pt.id = p.category;
Result:
id name root_id path
-- -------------- ------- ---------------------------------------------
1 Product One 1 /Category A/Subcategory Of 1
2 Product Two 1 /Category A/Subcategory Of 1/Subcategory Of 5
3 Product Three 4 /Category D/Subcategory of D
|
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|
Q:
Django: How to identifying through which link user done social authentication?
I am new to Django development environment. Please help me in how to implement scenario like following in Django application.
In my web page, there are links available for do social signup/login using python-social-auth module (for facebook and google). There is two type of users are there in my system, TypeA and TypeB.
In web page there will be different links for each of the type (like TypeA-Facebook-Login, TypeB-Facebook-Login).
When ever a user is created through python-social-auth service, a User entry is added up, using django.dispatch.receiver I want to make entry to table TypeAUser or TypeBUser.
*So, how can I understand through which link user is signed-up?
I have tried like following with a extra parameter in the social-auth links, but how can I access that information later on ?
<a href="{% url 'social:begin' 'facebook' %}?next={{request.path}}&profile_type=typea">
Login with faceboook</a>
Below is how I written @reciver function.
@receiver(post_save, sender=User,dispatch_uid="add_user_profile")
def add_user_profile(sender,instance, **kwargs):
Many many thanks, for the suggestions and inputs.
A:
Seems to be I myself figured out to implement this by SOCIAL_AUTH_PIPELINE concept based on the following documentation reference.
following is the modifications I have done:
Added SOCIAL_AUTH_PIPELINE into setting.py with custom a pipeline
# social authentication pipeline
SOCIAL_AUTH_PIPELINE = (
'social.pipeline.social_auth.social_details',
'social.pipeline.social_auth.social_uid',
'social.pipeline.social_auth.auth_allowed',
'social.pipeline.social_auth.social_user',
'social.pipeline.user.get_username',
'social.pipeline.user.create_user',
'social.pipeline.social_auth.associate_user',
'social.pipeline.social_auth.load_extra_data',
'social.pipeline.user.user_details',
# custom pipeline
'user_profile.pipeline.create_user_profile'
)
Also added FIELDS_STORED_IN_SESSION in settings.py, as follows
FIELDS_STORED_IN_SESSION = ['profile_type']
Then in user_profile.pipeline.py, defined function create_user_profile as follows:
def create_user_profile(strategy, details, user=None, is_new=False, *args, **kwargs):
print(strategy.session_get('profile_type'))
Now from strategy object I can access the custom value to create different type of user profile.
Link of reference
On the main link in which user clicks, added an extra argument at the end of url as follows:
http://domain.name.com/signupurl?profile_type=type1
http://domain.name.com/signupurl?profile_type=type2
|
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Confronting Systemic Injustice
Posted by Cameron McEllhiney6sc on
The 22nd Annual Conference of the National Association for Civilian Oversight of Law Enforcement
Incidents over the past several years have brought attention to the mistrust and broken relationships between police and the communities they are sworn to serve and protect. It is one of the most pressing challenges facing our nation. In communities of color particularly, policing practices that are perceived to be overly harsh, unjust, or unfair, regardless of whether those practices are deemed lawful, can undermine police legitimacy. When the members of one racial group are significantly more likely to be stopped, searched, arrested, or even shot by the police, maintaining trust becomes immensely more difficult.
In order to rebuild this broken trust we must first look to mechanisms that will allow us to begin the process of confronting a history that has fostered the same systemic injustice that we see on the front page of newspapers and on the news daily. Civilian oversight is one of these mechanisms. It brings together the many stakeholders involved in supporting trusted, respectful, and effective law enforcement efforts. It breaks down the walls between police and the public and enhances the understanding by both parties by reminding police that they ultimately serve the public’s interests, and by educating the community on the unique and difficult challenges officers encounter every day.
Join us in September 2016 as we bring together the ever-growing community of civilian oversight practitioners, community members, law enforcement officials, journalists, elected officials, students and others working for greater accountability and trust. Be a part of the conversation as we explore the different ways civilian oversight can work to confront the systemic injustices that have plagued our country for far too long.
The city of Albuquerque, New Mexico will serve as our host and, in the midst of a schedule full of training and the discussion of current and emerging topics, they will share with us their work as a community to rebuild trust between the police and the communities they serve.
This year's conference hotel is the DoubleTree which is connected to the Albuquerque Convention Center where our conference sessions will be held. For additional information on registration, conference schedule, hotel rates, and travel information, please click on the icons above.
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Live Batches
Reading Comprehension For SBI Clerk Prelims 2018: 10th March 2018
This section can be easy as pie if your basics are clear. Sometimes, even those who can communicate very well in English, fail to perform to the best of their ability in the banking exams. So, instead of boiling the ocean, try building up a strong vocabulary, an effective knowledge of grammar, and efficient comprehension skills so as to be on the ball to face this particular section. Here is a quiz being provided by Adda247 to let you practice the best of latest pattern English Questions.
Directions (1-10): Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below them. Certain words/phrases have been printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
On the occasion of International Women’s Day, female staff at Kempegowda International Airport (KIA) took command of operations for the entire airport for 8 hours (between 6 a.m. and 2 p.m.). A team of 36 women handled the Airport Control Center (AOCC), took charge of aviation safety, guest relations, and terminal operations. The Airports Authority of India deployed 14 women to manage the control tower.
Former naval officer Pusha Pande, who is currently assistant general manager (air side operations), said, “I supervise all air side operations, which involves various tasks, including runway clearance, operating apron control vehicles to guide the aircraft when required, surveillance and making sure that staff follow required security measures. ”Another employee Rachana K., who was earlier with guest relations, was trained for six months to handle surveillance in air side operations. On Thursday, she worked with her colleague Keerthana, who was operating the 'follow me' vehicle, which helped international flights reach the main apron after landing.
On Thursday, the Air Traffic Control staff handled 245 ATMs (Air Traffic Movements) during their shift. Every day, KIA sees 635 ATMS.A team of 36 women handled the Airport Control Center, took charge of aviation safety, guest relations, and terminal operations at the Kempegowda International Airport on Thursday to mark International Women’s Day. Sharing her experience, Terminal Operations manager Neha Singh said, “Every day is a different experience for us, from assisting passengers who are in need of medical emergency to responding to passengers who come up with queries on immigration checks. We also communicate with various security agencies if there is an emergency.” Chief Human Resources officer Sajit T.C. said that women employees underwent training for six months and got the required clearances from various security agencies. “KIA has a staff strength of 900-odd personnel, of which 15% are women. We are taking measures to increase the number of women employees.” He said that KIA does not discriminate along gender lines, and will hire qualified personnel be they men, women or transgenders.
KIA is planning to introduce a self bag drop system from July. At present, it takes 90 seconds for a passenger to generate a boarding pass and drop his or her luggage at the check-in counter. To reduce the time, KIA is planning to install 16 self bag drop machines. General Manager (Daily operations) Arunchalam S.V. said, “At present, airline staff are doing the job of issuing boarding passes, weighing bags and sending them for scanning. In future, machines will do this job. ”All that a passenger has to do is keep the luggage in the machine, which will generate a boarding pass, verify the passenger details, weigh the luggage and print bag tags. This, he added, will reduce the time taken to between 45 and 50 seconds per passenger.
To mark International Women's Day, the south division police set up two pink outposts at women's colleges to provide security cover to students. Sharanappa S.D., Deputy Commissioner of Police (south division), inaugurated the outposts near NMKRV Women's College and BMS College for Women in Basavanagudi.
Q1. The Airport Authorities of India........
(a) Employed 36 women to handle the airport control centre
(b) Took the charge of aviation safety, guest relations, and terminal operations
(c) Took command of operations for the entire airport between 6 a.m. and 2 p.m
(d) Deployed 14 women to manage the control tower
(e) Underwent training of six months to handle surveillance in air side operations
Q2. Former naval officer Pusha Pande, who is currently assistant general manager (air side operations)......
(a) was earlier with guest relations
(b) was trained for six months to handle surveillance in air side operations
(c) supervises all air side operations, which involves various tasks, including runway clearance, operating apron control vehicles to guide the aircraft when required, surveillance and making sure that staff follow required security measures
(d) Both (a) and (b)
(e) None of the above.
Q3. What are ATMs?
(a) Automated Teller Machines
(b) Automatic Teller machines
(c) Air Traffic Managers
(d) Air Traffic Movements
(e) None of the above
Q4. Which of the following statements is/are incorrect?
(a)Another employee Rachana K., who was earlier with guest relations, was trained for six months to handle surveillance in air side operations
(b) The Air Traffic Control staff handled 635 ATMs (Air Traffic Movements) during their shift
(c) A team of 36 women handled the Airport Control Center, took charge of aviation safety, guest relations, and terminal operations at the Kempegowda International Airport on Thursday to mark International Women’s Day
(d) Every day, KIA sees 635 ATMS
(e) Both (c) & (d)
Q5. What are the benefits of introducing self drop bag system at the Kempegowda International Airport (KIA)?
(a) It will take 90 seconds for a passenger to generate a boarding pass
(b) It will drop his or her luggage at the check-in counter
(c) It will issue boarding passes, weigh bags and send them for scanning
(d) It will generate a boarding pass, verify the passenger details, weigh the luggage and print bag tags
(e) Both (c) & (d)
Q6. What time will self drop bag system take?
(a) 90 seconds
(b) 40 to 45 seconds
(c) 45 to 50 seconds
(d) 55 Seconds
(e) None of the above
Q7. Which step was taken by the south division police to mark the International Women's Day?
(a) It introduced the self drop bag system at KIA
(b) It deployed women staff at KIA airport for the period of 8 hours
(c) It introduced the self drop bag system at KIA airport to save the time of the passengers
(d) Two pink outposts were set up at women's colleges to provide security cover to students
(e) It inaugurated the outposts near NMKRV Women's College and BMS College for Women in Basavanagudi
Q8. What steps were taken by the Chief Human Resource Officer Sajit T.C. along with the support of KIA to encourage women?
(a) KIA has increased the staff strength to 900-odd personnel, of which 15% are women
(b) KIA has hired qualified personnel be they men, women or transgenders
(c) They are taking measures to increase the number of women employees at KIA
(d) They are setting up pink outposts at women's colleges to provide security cover to students
(e) Both (a) & (d)
Q9. Choose the word which is MOST SMILAR to the word given in passage.
APRON
(a) Cloak
(b) The spreading end of a drive away
(c) A race track
(d) Canopy
(e) A loose garment
Q10. Choose the word which is OPPOSITE to the word given in passage.
INAUGURATED
(a) To induct
(b) To dedicate
(c) To inculcate
(d) To initiate
(e) To wind up
Directions (10-15): In each of the questions given below two sentences are given. Both the sentences have a blank which must be filled by the one of the options following the two sentences.
|
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|
Evaluation and use of the white blood cell differential provided by the Coulter STKS in a children's hospital.
The Coulter STKS was evaluated in a children's hospital, in order to (a) compare the WBC differential given by the instrument to a 400 cell visual differential (reference method); (b) evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the alarm system, and (c) provide data concerning the use and interpretation of results in children. 653 blood samples were collected. The Coulter STKS results were studied in 523 patients having no morphological abnormalities in the blood smears, separated into subgroups according to the presence of STKS alarms and according to age. The results were found accurate both in STKS negative and STKS positive patients (i.e., those with alarms: 'Blasts', Imm Gran 2, Variant Lymph, NRBC, review slide). Negative STKS results had the same accuracy in all age groups, except in neonates where slide review must be systematically performed. The instrument exhibited a good sensitivity of the suspect flags studied (91.4%), with a lower specificity (72%) reflecting the number of false positive results found in our group, probably due to the cytological features particular to children. However, it was shown that the numerical results given by the Coulter STKS in positive patients could be taken into account, provided that a scan of the blood smear was negative for morphological WBC abnormalities.
|
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"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
|
Q:
Divide allocated memory between threads in C
I have some allocated memory which I need to divide between threads. I write program on linux virtual machine and I use pthreads. I don't understand how to do it.
For example I allocate memory for 5 threads (2 int places for each thread):
all_mem = (int*)malloc(5 * 2 * sizeof(int));
and I want each of them to write two int values to their own part of the memory. If I have pointer to beginning of the memory, how can I get pointer to some other part of the memory?
A:
Here is a simple working example which allows you to do that. The general idea is to create a thread, pass an index (its id) to it. Then you can use this id to limit access to specific indices in your array.
In the example below, a is the array whose elements are summed in four threads. Thread0 can access a[0:4], Thread1 can access a[4:8], Thread2 a[8:12] and finally Thread3 a[12:16]
#include <stdio.h>
#include <pthread.h>
// size of array
#define MAX 16
// maximum number of threads
#define MAX_THREAD 4
int a[] = { 1, 5, 7, 10, 12, 14, 15, 18, 20, 22, 25, 27, 30, 64, 110, 220 };
int sum[] = { 0 , 0, 0, 0};
void* sum_array(void *arg)
{
int tid = *((int *)arg);
for (int i = MAX_THREAD*tid; i < MAX_THREAD*tid + MAX/MAX_THREAD; i++) {
printf("Thread %i is handling %i \n", tid, i);
sum[tid] += a[i];
}
}
// Driver Code
int main()
{
pthread_t threads[MAX_THREAD];
// Creating 4 threads
for (int i = 0; i < MAX_THREAD; i++) {
int *arg = malloc(sizeof(int));
*arg = i;
pthread_create(&threads[i], NULL, sum_array, (void*)arg);
}
// joining 4 threads i.e. waiting for all 4 threads to complete
for (int i = 0; i < MAX_THREAD; i++) {
pthread_join(threads[i], NULL);
}
// adding sum of all 4 parts
int total_sum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < MAX_THREAD; i++) {
total_sum += sum[i];
}
printf("sum is %i \n", total_sum);
return 0;
}
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Background
==========
Prostate cancer is the most common form of cancer affecting men in the Western world. In Finland, there were 4234 new cancer cases diagnosed in 2008, and the incidence of prostate cancer (PC) was 82.9/100.000 \[[@B1]\]. In addition to age, a well-established risk factor for PC is a family history of the disease. In a large Scandinavian twin study \[[@B2]\], it was reported that approximately 40% of the risk for PC can be explained by heritable components. This proportion is the highest ever reported for a common malignancy. Most of the genes that are involved in the causation of hereditary cancers have been identified by linkage analysis. Several linkage studies of hereditary prostate cancer (HPC) have been performed and the results have implicated many risk loci located on different chromosomes, which indicates a great heterogeneity of this disease \[[@B3]\]. One of the loci found by linkage analysis is *HPCX1*(OMIM %300147), which is located on chromosome Xq27-q28 \[[@B4]\]. This locus has proven to be important in the Finnish population \[[@B5]\] and the region around the best linkage marker was found to be in strong linkage equilibrium \[[@B6]\]. However, the susceptibility gene has not yet been identified because the chromosomal region has an extremely complex genomic structure with multiple gene duplications and inversions that have hampered conventional gene cloning methods \[[@B7]\]. The *SPANX*genes and *LDOC1*at Xq27 have been considered to be the best positional candidate genes for *HPCX1*, but no direct evidence for causative mutations in any of the genes studied have been detected \[[@B8],[@B9]\].
Mutations, especially nonsense mutations, in tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) are common in the development and progression of cancer. They give rise to in-frame premature translation termination codons within the coding regions of genes and lead to truncated protein translation products. However, the identification of TSGs by classical cancer genetics methods is difficult and slow. In addition, RNA transcripts carrying nonsense mutations are usually targeted for degradation through nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) \[[@B10]\]. NMD is a complex process in mammalian mRNA metabolism, and its function is to eliminate faulty transcripts and control the expression of normal genes.
A conventional strategy for the identification of disease genes is to use microarrays to compare the levels of gene-specific mRNA expression between patient and control samples. However, identification of the mutated gene can be obscured by inter-individual variation and secondary changes in gene expression caused by the disease process. Noensie and Dietz \[[@B11]\] reported an alternative strategy that circumvents these limitations, called GINI (Gene Identification by NMD Inhibition), in which the patient sample is compared to itself after the pharmacological inhibition of NMD. Microarrays are then used to identify potential nonsense transcripts that are increased in abundance after the loss of NMD. Emetine was used to block the pathway, but was problematic as emetine induces a stress response that results in the upregulation of additional transcripts. Ionov et al. \[[@B12]\] combined the emetine treatment with actinomycin D, which effectively prevents the upregulation of stress response genes while still stabilizing mutant transcripts.
Inactivation of autosomal tumor suppressor genes is a two-step process involving the mutation of the target gene and the loss of the wild type allele. In lymphoblastoid cell lines established from patient samples, the normal wild type allele can mask the effect of a mutated allele. However, because males have only one X chromosome, there is only one allele of the X chromosomal germline genes. Therefore, truncated tumor suppressor mRNAs may be identified by using NMD method applied for RNA extracted from patients\' lymphoblastoid cell lines.
Cancer is fundamentally a disease of disordered gene expression. Since no causative mutations have been identified from the transcribed genes of the *HPCX1*region, it is possible that the defect occurs at the regulatory level. Regulatory defects might also explain the relatively late onset of the disease, assuming a polygenic model for PC development with additive effect to the phenotype. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally \[[@B13]\]. They play an important role in diverse biological processes and, accordingly, altered miRNA expression is likely to contribute to human disease, including cancer. It has been shown that miRNA profiles are surprisingly informative. They become altered with the development and progression of PC \[[@B14]\] and have a very important role in the biology of the disease \[[@B15]\]. Since considerable amount of miRNAs are located within intronic regions and regulated by the host gene promoter \[[@B16]\], miRNA expression profiles give us one possibility to study disease related variations in non-protein coding chromosomal areas and this could lead to identification of regulatory variants especially in region with complex genomic structure like one in chromosome X.
Here, we present a study with Finnish multiplex *HPCX1*linked families in which we have characterized the *HPCX1*locus by NMD and miRNA microarray methods and evaluated the role of *HPCX1*in the causation of familial prostate cancer.
Methods
=======
Study population
----------------
### NMD microarray analysis
Collection of the Finnish families with PC has been reported previously \[[@B5]\]. Based on the first linkage to *HPCX1*in Finland \[[@B5]\], six affected and six healthy males for controls were selected from the linked families for NMD microarray analysis. Controls were the oldest healthy brothers of the affected males. The clinical characteristics of the patients are described in Table [1](#T1){ref-type="table"}.
######
Demographic, clinical, and pathological characteristics of the patients in microarray analyses
Patient Diagnosis age Gleason score WHO grade T\* **N**^†^ **M**^‡^ **Primary PSA**^§^
------------- --------------- --------------- ----------- ----- ---------- ---------- --------------------
015-001\*\* 53 y 7 m n.a. II T1c Nx M0 n.a.
043-001\*\* 50 y 9 m 6 II T2 Nx M0 3.8
232-001\*\* 70 y 7 m 7 II T1c Nx M0 6.2
232-002\*\* 75 y 5 m n.a. n.a. T1a Nx M0 1.3
248-006\*\* 59 y 3 m 6 I T1c Nx M0 2.9
311-003\*\* 60 y 4 m 6 II T2 Nx M0 21.9
001-002 71 y 8 m n.a. II T3 Nx M0 n.a.
292-010 47 y 11 m 6 II T2 Nx Mx 5.2
408-002 67 y 5 m 7 II T1c Nx Mx 5.5
236-006 75 y 11 m n.a. n.a. T3 Nx Mx 85
402-003 67 y 3 m 6 I T2 Nx M0 13
402-001 67 y 11 m 7 II T1c Nx M0 15
413-003 55 y 3 m 7 II T1c Nx M0 6.4
362-001 50 y 7 m 6 I T1b Nx M0 6.9
362-002 49 y 4 m 6 I T1c Nx Mx 41.9
\*The size of the tumor
^†^Regional lymph nodes
^‡^Distant metastases
^§^Prostate specific antigen
\*\*Patients in the NMD array
### miRNA microarray analysis
For the miRNA microarray analysis, the original number of *HPCX1*-linked families was increased by seven based on recent linkage analysis \[[@B17]\]. As in the NMD study, the oldest possible healthy brother of the affected males was chosen as the control. The clinical characteristics of the patients are described in Table [1](#T1){ref-type="table"}.
### Association analysis
The P.Met1? variant was analyzed in the youngest affected patient from 163 HPC families, 757 patients with unselected PC, 757 healthy male blood donors, 764 healthy female blood donors, 375 men with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), and 746 men who had a PSA level of less than 1.0 ng/ml (PSA controls). Collection of the Finnish families with PC has been reported previously \[[@B5]\]. In brief, families used in the association study had two or more first- or second-degree affected relatives. The mean number of affected relatives was 2.8 (range 2-7) and the mean age at diagnosis for the probands was 63.0 years (range 43-86). The youngest affected individual from each family was initially used in the association analysis. The unselected cases included consecutive patients diagnosed with PC in the Pirkanmaa Hospital District from 1999-2001. The mean age at diagnosis of the men with unselected PC was 69.0 years (range 45-93). The men with BPH were also patients from the Pirkanmaa Hospital District. The diagnosis of BPH was based on lower urinary tract symptoms, free uroflowmetry, and evidenced by palpation or transrectal ultrasound of increased prostate size. If PSA was elevated, then the patients underwent biopsies to exclude PC. The indication for biopsy was a total PSA level of ≥ 4 ng/ml or a total PSA level of 3.0-3.9 ng/ml with the proportion of free PSA \< 16%. The mean age of the BPH patients was 73 years. The PSA controls were from the Finnish population-based prostate cancer screening trial \[[@B18]\]. The mean age of the men was 67.5 years (range 64-74). The population controls consisted of DNA samples from anonymous male and female blood donors obtained from the Finnish Red Cross in Tampere.
Permission to collect and use blood samples and clinical data from prostate cancer patients was granted by the Institutional Review Board of Tampere University Hospital and City of Tampere. Written informed consent for use of their samples as well as medical records was obtained from all individuals participating in this study.
Cell culture and drug treatments
--------------------------------
In the NMD microarray experiment, the cell lines were derived by Epstein-Barr virus transformation of peripheral mononuclear leukocytes from patients and their healthy brothers. Lymphoblastoid cell lines were grown in RPMI-1640 medium (Lonza, Walkersville, MD, USA) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and antibiotics. The emetine treatment protocol was described previously \[[@B12]\]. Briefly, for each cell line, we treated half of the subconfluent cells with 100 μg/ml of emetine dihydrochloride hydrate (Fluka, Buchs, Switzerland) and the rest were used as untreated controls. Both the treated and untreated cells were incubated for 10 h at 37°C. After this, actinomycin D (Sigma-Aldrich) was added to the treated and untreated cells, and they were incubated for 4 h at 37°C. Cell pellets were snap-frozen and total RNA was extracted from treated and untreated cells with Trizol according to the manufacturer\'s instructions (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA). In the miRNA microarray experiment, the lymphoblastoid cell lines were grown similarly as above, but without drug treatments. RNA yields were quantified using an ND-1000 spectrophotometer (Nanodrop Technologies, Wilmington, DE, USA).
Oligonucleotide array protocol
------------------------------
mRNA levels in the treated and untreated cells were measured using the Agilent 44 K array according to the manufacturer\'s instructions (Agilent Technologies, Inc., Santa Clara, CA, USA). Twenty micrograms of total RNA were used to generate fluorescent Cy-3-labeled cRNA (control cells) and Cy-5-labeled cRNA (treated cells) using an Agilent Fluorescent Direct Label Kit. Labeled RNAs were pooled and hybridized to the Agilent 44 K Whole Human Genome Oligonucleotide Microarrays (Agilent Technologies) containing over 33,000 known and novel human genes (\~41,000 human genes and transcripts). A total of 12 arrays were hybridized, one for every individual. Microarray slides were scanned (Agilent microarray scanner) after hybridization, and data was extracted using Feature Extraction software, version A.7.5.1. (Agilent Technologies). For data analysis, the raw microarray expression values of the rMeanSignal and gMeanSignal variables were first background-adjusted and a natural logarithm of a ratio of the variables rMeanSignal and gMeanSignal was taken. The log-ratio values were normalized between arrays by using the quantile normalization method. A linear mixed model was then used as a method for identifying the set of differentially expressed genes in a considered experimental set-up. The normalized expression values of each gene at Xq27-28 were separately modeled by the linear mixed model that included the treatment effect (i.e., the affected person versus healthy) as a fixed effect and the family effect as a random effect. In the model analysis, a considered gene was declared differentially expressed if the calculated estimate for the parameter associated with the fixed treatment effect was greater than zero, and if, at the same time, the p-value in the t-test for the null hypothesis concerning the fixed effect parameter being zero was smaller than the cut-off value of 0.025. The oligonucleotide microarray data have been deposited in NCBI\'s Gene Expression Omnibus <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo> following the MIAME guidelines and are accessible through GEO series accession number GSE24205.
Mutation screening and genotyping
---------------------------------
Mutation screening of the coding regions of selected genes and the genotyping of the P.Met1? mutation were performed by sequencing. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples using a commercially available kit (Puregene, Gentra Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA). For sequencing analysis, PCR products were purified in 96-format Acro Prep Filter Plates (Pall Life Sciences, Ann Arbor, MI, USA) using the Perfect Vac Manifold vacuum machine (Eppendorf AG, Hamburg, Germany). Sequencing was performed according to the manufacturer\'s instructions using a BigDye Terminator v.3.1 Cycle Sequencing Kit and an automated ABI PRISM 3130xl Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA). Sequence analysis was done with Sequencher 4.2.2 software (Gene Codes Corporation, Ann Arbor, MI, USA).
MicroRNA array protocol
-----------------------
MicroRNA expression levels in lymphoblastoid cell lines were detected using an Agilent Human miRNA V2 Oligo Microarray Kit (Agilent Technologies). First, 100 ng of total RNA was used as a starting material, and miRNAs were labeled using the Agilent miRNA Labeling Kit. Labeled RNA was hybridized to Agilent miRNA arrays with eight identical arrays per slide, with each array containing probes directed against 723 human and 76 human viral miRNAs. Slides were scanned (Agilent microarray scanner) after hybridization and data was extracted using Feature Extraction software, version 9.5.1. (Agilent Technologies). For data analysis, low quality samples and non-expressed miRNAs were first removed ending up with 29 individuals from 9 families and with 333 miRNAs. Inside every family the directional distance of healthy individuals from patients was calculated. The distance used here was based on Kendal\'s tau (distance = (1-tau)/2) and the distance between clusters was computed using Ward\'s method. By decomposing Kendal\'s tau into each miRNA\'s contribution the distance induced by every miRNA can be quantified separately. The direction of this distance inside every family is marked positive if the average rank miRNA expression for patients is higher than for healthy individuals and negative if the average rank miRNA expression for healthy individuals is higher than for patients. The overall directional distance for every miRNA is obtained by summing up these directional distances over all families. Then the permutation p-value was computed by permuting healthy individuals and patients randomly inside every family, computing the overall directional distance, repeating this many times and the final permutation p-value is the proportion of these permuted distances higher or lower than the original distance. The micro-RNA microarray data have been deposited in NCBI\'s Gene Expression Omnibus <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo> following the MIAME guidelines and are accessible through GEO series accession number GSE24205.
MicroRNA target detection
-------------------------
The miRanda algorithm \[[@B19]\] was used for finding genomic targets for miRNAs. For each miRNA, target genes were selected on the basis of three properties: sequence complementarity using a position-weighted local alignment algorithm, free energies of RNA-RNA duplexes, and conservation of target sites in related genomes. All of the human miRNA sequences were downloaded from the Sanger Institute miRBase \[[@B20]\], and they were aligned with the genomic sequences of variant sites from the sequenced genes. The aim was to identify miRNA target sites that either appear or disappear due to variants. Based on the total score value given to every wild type and mutant sequence combination by the miRanda algorithm, the difference between values was calculated. The top 5% of the highest differences were selected for further analysis.
miRNA expression validation
---------------------------
Expression of miRNAs in the lymphoblastoid cell lines was validated by the specific TaqMan MicroRNA assays according to the manufacturer\'s instructions (Applied Biosystems). TaqMan microRNA assays were performed using Bio-Rad Laboratories\' CFX384 real-time PCR detection system with the Bio-Rad C1000 thermal cycler (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc., US).
Statistical analyses
--------------------
Distribution of the genotypes and alleles, the odds ratio (OR), and the 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated with the SPSS statistical software package, version 15.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL). Associations with demographic, clinical, or pathological features of the disease (age at diagnosis, PSA value at diagnosis, T-stage, WHO grade, and Gleason score) were tested among unselected PC and HPC cases using R software <http://www.r-project.org>.
Results
=======
In order to identify genes containing inactivating mutations in the Xq27-q28 region, an NMD microarray analysis with Agilent 44 K Whole Human Genome oligonucleotide microarrays was performed in the families showing the strongest linkage to *HPCX1*. The candidate genes (n = 17) for subsequent sequence analysis were selected according to the microarray analysis (*RBMX*, *CSAG2*, *RAP2C*, *SOX3*, *MBNL3*, *ZNF75*, *MAGEC1*, *MAGEA1*, *MAGEA11*, *MAGEC3*, *MAGED1*, *U66046*, *SSR4*, *VBP1*, *LDOC1*, *TKTL1*, *CD40LG*) (Table [2](#T2){ref-type="table"}). All identified stress response genes were excluded \[[@B21]\]. No truncating mutations were detected, but a total of 34 changes were found by direct sequencing. Eight of the changes were missense variants, six were silent changes, and twenty of the variants took place in introns, 5\'UTR, or 3\'UTR regions. Twenty of the changes were novel and not found in any genomic databases. A summary of the identified variants is presented in Table [3](#T3){ref-type="table"}.
######
Genes selected for resequencing based on NMD oligoarray analysis
Gene ID Gene name Cytogenetic band Genomic location (strand) Selection criteria
----------- --------------------------------------------- ------------------ -------------------------------- -------------------------------
*RBMX* RNA binding motif protein, X-linked Xq26.3 135 951 351-135 962 939 bp (-) p \< 0.05
*CSAG2* *Homo sapiens*CSAG family, member 2 Xq28 151 922 445-151 928 738 bp (+) p \< 0.05
*RAP2C* *Homo sapiens*RAP2C, member of RAS Xq25 131 337 053-131 353 471 bp (-) p \< 0.05, fold change \> 1.5
*SOX3* SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 3 Xq27.1 139 585 152-139 587 225 bp (-) p \< 0.05
*MBNL3* Muscleblind-like 3, (*Drosophila*) Xq26.2 131 506 029-131 623 996 bp (-) p \< 0.05
*ZNF75* Zinc finger protein 75 Xq26.3 134 382 867-134 478 012 bp (-) p \< 0.05
*MAGEC1* Melanoma antigen family C, 1 Xq26 140 991 680-140 997 183 bp (+) p \< 0.05
*MAGEA1* Melanoma antigen family A, 1 Xq28 152 481 522-152 486 116 bp (-) p \< 0.05, fold change \> 1.5
*MAGEA11* Melanoma antigen family A, 11 Xq28 148 769 894-148,798,928 bp (+) location
*MAGEC3* Melanoma antigen family C, 3 Xq27.2 140 926 102-140 985 618 bp (+) location
*MAGED1* Melanoma antigen family D, 1 Xp11.23 51 546 103-51 645 453 bp (+) p \< 0.05
*U66046* hypothetical protein FLJ44451 Xq28 148 615 451-148 616 127 bp (-) p \< 0.05
*SSR4* signal sequence receptor, delta Xq28 153 058 971-153 063 960 bp (+) p \< 0.05
*VBP1* von Hippel-Lindau binding protein 1 Xq28 154 444 550-154 468 098 bp (+) p \< 0.05
*LDOC1* leucine zipper, down-regulated in cancer, 1 Xq27 140 269 930-140 271 310 bp (-) p \< 0.05
*TKTL1* transketolase-like 1 Xq28 153 524 024-153 558 700 bp (+) p \< 0.05
*CD40LG* CD40 ligand Xq26 135 730 336-135 742 549 bp (+) p \< 0.05
######
Summary of variants found in the *HPCX1*region from Finnish HPC families
Gene Variation\* Amino acid change dbSNP
----------- ----------------- ------------------- ------------
*CD40LG* c.148T \> C p.Leu50Ser rs1126535
*LDOC1* c.-62C \> G \- \-
*MAGEA1* c.-2924G \> T \- \-
c.-264, G \> A \- \-
c.813C \> T p.Leu271 rs2233045
c.\*17A \> G \- \-
c.\*477C \> T \- \-
*MAGEA11* c.96+38A \> G \- \-
c.193-64T \> C \- \-
c.266+10C \> T \- \-
c.1077 C \> T p.Leu359 \-
c.\*234T \> C \- \-
*MAGEC1* c.-2051G \> A \- \-
c.-2008T \> C \- rs1003682
c.2T \> C P.Met1? \-
c.5-44T \> C \- \-
c.74G \> A p.Cys25Tyr rs176036
c.452C \> T p.Thr151Ile rs176037
c.1327C \> G p.Leu443Val rs62611966
c.1401C \> G p.His467Gln rs176048
c.2125C \> T p.His709Tyr rs56256227
c.3174G \> A p.Glu1058 rs12845617
c.\*53C \> T \- rs41300301
*MAGEC3* c.-189C \> T \- \-
c.259-66G \> A \- \-
c.259-15T \> C \- \-
c.880C \> G p.Leu294Val \-
c.958C \> T p.Leu320 rs176025
*MBNL3* c.923-11G \> A \- \-
*RBMX* c.-1C \> A \- rs2011584
*SUHW3* c.1851A \> C p.Gly617 rs209238
c.2161+4C \> T \- \-
c.2162-41T \> C \- \-
*ZNF75* c.1434 G \> A p.Thr478 rs1129093
\*Numbering is according to the cDNA starting at the A in the start codon.
The most interesting variation selected for follow-up was the *MAGEC1*p.Met1? (c.2T \> C; Met \> Thr) start codon mutation found in family 311. The frequency of that mutation was determined by sequencing among patients with unselected PC or HPC and in the control groups. The carrier frequencies for p.Met1? were 2.45%, 1.72%, 0.92%, 0.53%, 1.21%, and 0.65% in the probands with HPC, unselected PC cases, male population controls, BPH controls, PSA controls, and female population controls, respectively. The frequency of P.Met1? was found to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in controls. A statistically significant difference was observed in the carrier frequencies of the P.Met1? variant between the sample groups, and an association was seen between the variant and unselected PC and HPC (see Table [4](#T4){ref-type="table"}). The association was strongest when male and female blood donors and BPH patients were used as a control group (OR = 2.35, 95% CI = 1.10-5.02 for unselected PC; OR = 3.38, 95% CI = 1.10-10.40 for HPC). The association between the frequency of the variant and the disease phenotype, including tumor WHO grade, Gleason score, T-stage, age at diagnosis, and PSA value at diagnosis, was also analyzed among the unselected PC cases as no complete data were available for the HPC cases. No significant associations were found from these studies (data not shown). Additional samples from three prostate cancer families carrying the p.Met1? variant were also analyzed, but cosegregation of the p.Met1? was incomplete (data not shown) which is quite expected for a low penetrance gene.
######
Association of the *MAGEC1*P.Met1? variant with unselected PC or HPC
Sample group Carrier frequency OR (95% CI) P
----------------------------- ------------------- ----------------------- ----------
Male population controls 7/757 (0.92%) 1.00
Female population controls 5/764 (0.65%) 1.00
Patients with BPH 2/375 (0.53%) 1.00
PSA controls 9/746 (1.21%) 1.00
Patients with unselected PC 13/757 (1.72%) 1.99 (1.00-3.95)\* 0.04\*
2.35 (1.10-5.02)\*\* 0.02\*\*
Patients with HPC 4/163 (2.45%) 2.86 (0.98-8.38)\* 0.04\*
3.38 (1.10-10.40)\*\* 0.02\*\*
\*Male and female blood donors, BPH patients, and PSA controls used as a control group.
\*\*Male and female blood donors and BPH patients used as a control group.
MicroRNA expression levels in lymphoblastoid cell lines were determined with Agilent Human miRNA arrays. The most differentially expressed miRNAs when testing against both alternatives (miRNA expression is either up- or downregulated in case vs. controls) are presented in Table [5](#T5){ref-type="table"} and [6](#T6){ref-type="table"} together with information about genomic and intronic/intergenic location. The miRanda algorithm produced 1211 different variant-miRNA combinations with a total score value above the cut-off value. From the 29 differentially expressed miRNAs between patients and healthy individuals twelve miRNAs for validation were selected based on that they supposedly had a target site in *MAGEC1*gene (Table [5](#T5){ref-type="table"} and [6](#T6){ref-type="table"}). In addition, miRNAs located in X chromosome were selected for validation. Validation of these selected miRNA expressions in cell lines was based on specific TaqMan MicroRNA Assays (Tables [5](#T5){ref-type="table"} and [6](#T6){ref-type="table"}, Figures [1](#F1){ref-type="fig"}, [2](#F2){ref-type="fig"} and [3](#F3){ref-type="fig"}).
######
Differentially expressed miRNAs between patients and healthy individuals: Testing against alternative that a miRNA is upregulated in patients
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mature miRNA^1^ p-value Pre-miR miRBase ID Location Possible target site in *MAGEC1* Validation (TaqMan)
-------------------- ------------ ----------------------- ------------------------------------ ---------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------
hsa-miR-296-5p 0.0049 MI0000747 chr 20: intronic (AL136532)
**hsa-miR-766** **0.0157** **MI0003836** **chr X: intronic (*SEPT6*)** **+ (in families 1,15,232,362)**
**hsa-miR-767-3p** **0.0189** **MI0003763** **chr X: intronic (*GABRA3*)** **+ (in families**\
**1, 15)**
**hsa-miR-151-5p** **0.0312** **MI0000809** **chr 8: intronic (*PTK2*)** **c.5-44T \> C**\ **+ (in family 1)**
**c.\*53C \> T**
**hsa-miR-133a** **0.0316** **133a-1: MI0000450** **chr 18: intronic (*MIB1*)** **c.74G \> A** **+ (in family 15)**
**133a-2: MI0000451** **chr 20: intronic (*C20orf166*)**
**hsa-miR-451** **0.0319** **MI0001729** **chr 17: intergenic** **c.1327C \> G** **+ (in family 1)**
**hsa-miR-23b** **0.0393** **MI0000439** **chr 9: intronic (*C9orf3*)** **c.452C \> T**\ **+ (in families 1, 15, 413)**
**c.1327C \> G**
**hsa-miR-223** **0.0404** **MI0000300** **chr X: intergenic** **+ (in families 1, 15, 362, 413)**
hsa-miR-146a\* 0.0404 MI0000477 chr 5: intergenic
**hsa-miR-342-5p** **0.0410** **MI0000805** **chr 14: intronic (*EVL*)** **c.452C \> T** **+ (in families 248, 292, 402, 408, 413)**
hsa-miR-183\* 0.0433 MI0000273 chr 7: intergenic
**hsa-miR-151-3p** **0.0438** **MI0000809** **chr 8: intronic (*PTK2*)** **c.5-44T \> C**\ **+ (in families 1, 402)**
**c.\*53C \> T**
hsa-miR-129-3p 0.0465 MI0000473 chr 11: intergenic
hsa-miR-129\* 0.0477 MI0000252 chr 7: intergenic
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
^1^miRNAs selected for validation are represented in bold
######
Differentially expressed miRNAs between patients and healthy individuals: Testing against alternative that a miRNA is downregulated in patients
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mature miRNA^1^ p-value Pre-miR miRBase ID Location Possible target site in *MAGEC1* Validation (TaqMan)
-------------------- ------------ -------------------- ----------------------------------- ---------------------------------- -----------------------------------
**hsa-miR-32** **0.0001** **MI0000090** **chr 9: intronic (*C9orf5*)** **c.\*53C \> T** **+ (in families 1, 248)**
hsa-miR-30a 0.0102 MI0000088 chr 6: intronic (*C6orf155*)
hsa-miR-33a 0.0184 MI0000091 chr 22: intronic (*SREBF2*)
hsa-miR-345 0.0210 MI0000825 chr 14: intergenic
**hsa-miR-195** **0.0245** **MI0000489** **chr 17: intronic (*AC027763*)** **c.\*53C \> T** **+ (in families 292, 362, 408)**
**hsa-miR-487b** **0.0279** **MI0003530** **chr 14: intergenic** **c.\*53C \> T** **+ (in families 248, 292)**
hsa-miR-370 0.0292 MI0000778 chr 14: intergenic
**hsa-miR-770-5p** **0.0305** **MI0005118** **chr 14: intronic (*MEG3*)** **c.3174G \> A** **-**
**hsa-miR-29c** **0.0330** **MI0000735** **chr 1: intergenic** **c.1327C \> G**\ **+ (in families 1, 248, 362)**
**c.2125C \> T**
hsa-miR-34c-3p 0.0351 MI0000743 chr 11: intergenic
hsa-miR-148a 0.0426 MI0000253 chr 7: intergenic
**hsa-miR-20b** **0.0431** **MI0001519** **chr X: intergenic** **+ (in family 1)**
hsa-miR-29b 0.0478 29b-1: MI0000105 chr 7: intronic (*AC016831*)
29b-2: MI0000107 chr 1: intergenic
**hsa-miR-212** **0.0482** **MI0000288** **chr 17: intergenic** **c.3174G \> A** **-**
hsa-miR-7 0.0490 7-1: MI0000263 chr 9: intronic (*HNRNPK*)
7-2: MI0000264 chr 15: intergenic
7-3: MI0000265 chr 19: intronic (*C19orf30*)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
^1^miRNAs selected for validation are represented in bold
{#F1}
{#F2}
{#F3}
Discussion
==========
The recognition that PC clusters within families has led to the collection of HPC families with the goal of localizing and identifying PC susceptibility genes. Initially, the PC susceptibility locus, *HPCX1*, was mapped to the X chromosome by using a set of high-risk PC families from the United States, Finland, and Sweden. The effect of *HPCX1*was proven to be the most important in the Finnish population, where a specific haplotype in the region was also identified \[[@B5],[@B6]\]. Further, X-chromosomal inheritance coheres with the results of our segregation analysis of multifactorial recessive inheritance as the only model in the Finnish population \[[@B22]\]. In this study, a recently developed NMD microarray technology was utilized for the analysis of the *HPCX1*region with brother pairs from *HPCX1*linked families. Use of the unaffected brothers as controls might be problematic given the late age of prostate cancer diagnosis, but the unaffected brothers were chosen to be the oldest possible from every family with no history of PC. Previously, the manipulation of NMD together with expression array analysis has proven to be a powerful tool for detecting novel gene mutations in cancer cells. Huusko et al. \[[@B23]\] successfully identified *EPHB2*gene mutations in PC. Since then, mutations in melanoma cell lines \[[@B24]\], colon cancer cell lines \[[@B25]\], and PC cell lines \[[@B26]\] have been identified by inhibition of NMD.
Sequencing of 17 genes from the *HPCX1*region did not reveal any truncating nonsense mutations. The most interesting variation for follow-up was in the start codon (p.Met1?) of the *MAGEC1*gene. An association was later seen between the p.Met1? variant and unselected PC and HPC. Interestingly, the association was strongest when \"supernormal\" PSA controls were excluded from the control group. The PSA controls consisted of men with PSA levels \< 1.0 ng/ml and a mean age of 67.5 years, which is lower than the mean age of BPH patients (73 years). As *HPCX1*is suggested to be a late-onset disease in the Finnish population \[[@B5]\], as well as in some other populations \[[@B27]\], it is possible that the younger PSA control group is actually more saturated with the p.Met1? individuals who are at risk of developing late-onset HPCX. *MAGEC1*is a member of the melanoma antigen gene (MAGE) family \[[@B28]\]. The proteins of this family are tumor-specific antigens that can be recognized by autologous cytolytic T lymphocytes. *MAGEC1*is composed of four exons and encodes a protein of 1142 amino acids. It is approximately 800 residues longer than other MAGE proteins due to the insertion of a large number of short repetitive sequences in front of the MAGE-homologous sequence. *MAGEC1*is expressed in a significant proportion of tumors of various histological types, but is silent in normal tissues, excluding the testis. Alternative start codons, mainly GTG and TTG, are used in prokaryotes and, very rarely, in higher organisms. One example is the vitamin-D receptor (*VDR*) gene start codon polymorphism, where a T/C polymorphism in the first of the two potential start (ATG) codons results in two alleles that can be distinguished by RFLP using the endonuclease FokI \[[@B29]\]. The biological function of the identified *MAGEC1*start codon variant in this case is difficult to assess since we were not able to investigate the expression of *MAGEC1*in individuals carrying the mutated allele in the absence of other tissue material. Considering the conserved structure and similar functions of MAGE proteins, it might be possible that other members of the gene family can partly compensate for the functions of *MAGEC1*if the start codon mutation totally blocks the translation of the gene.
In this NMD array analysis, the false positive rate was evidently high since no truncating mutations were found. Emetine treatment followed by actinomycin D treatment was used, but it has been observed that treatment with actinomycin D after emetine incubation does not have a significant effect on treated cells, suggesting that the combination of the drugs is not the best possible method for this type of study \[[@B30]\]. A novel improvement to the NMD protocol includes a combination of emetine and caffeine treatment \[[@B25]\], which leads to a more efficient identification of false positives produced by cell stress. On the other hand, we might have missed genes that actually carry truncating mutations. If the genes were mutated both in the seemingly healthy males with a normal clinical phenotype and their already affected siblings, they would have had the same profile as the stress response genes and would have, therefore, been excluded. In addition, relevant variants might have been missed by being limited to use lymphoblastoid cell lines, as they may not resemble the whole set of active genes in prostate tissue. Although there is substantial amount of evidence that lymphoblastoid cells encompasses a variety of metabolic pathways that are specific to individuals where the cells originated, making these cell lines suitable for molecular and functional studies \[[@B31]\].
Despite its association with PC, the segregation of the P.Met1? variant in studied families was incomplete. This finding can also reflect the high phenocopy rate of the disease, and as a consequence, even the most extreme families may have a few sporadic cases. Currently, there are no clinical or molecular tools to distinguish \"true\" HPC cases from sporadic ones. Therefore, the incomplete segregation does not necessarily diminish the importance of p.Met1? as a *HPC*X*1*risk variant.
The number of publications reporting differential miRNA expression in prostate cancer is constantly growing. Analyses have been performed for example in clinical prostate specimens \[[@B32]\], and in PC cell lines, xenografts, BPH vs. PC samples \[[@B33]\]. Most recently, miRNA expression profiles of androgen-responsive and castrate-resistant PC cell lines were compared \[[@B34]\]. In all of these studies, a set of 20-30 miRNAs unequivocally differentiated the PC samples from the normal samples and non-malignant precursor lesions, and specific miRNAs including miR-125b, miR-145, and let-7c were repeatedly detected differentially expressed in different studies.
In the current study, we hypothesized that miRNA profiling could be used as a tool for discovering variants from non-protein coding regions which could explain the \"dark\" inheritance behind HPCX. Altered miRNA expression in patients lymphoblastoid cells could lead to the identification of germline variants in promoter or other regulatory regions of protein coding genes since considerable amount of miRNA expression is correlated to host and target gene expression \[[@B35]\]. Possible explanation of differences in miRNA levels could be their role in tumor development and initiation. Already, several studies have shown that miRNAs in serum can be considered as biomarkers \[[@B36],[@B37]\] and serum miRNAs are mainly derived from circular blood cells \[[@B38]\], the same way as lymphoblastoid cells. We were able to identify 29 significantly differently expressed miRNAs between patients and their healthy brothers. Validation of the expressions of the selected 16 miRNAs with TaqMan assays were successful in 14/16 cases, including all four miRNAs located in the X chromosome.
Conclusions
===========
In conclusion, we suggest a role for *MAGEC1*in genetic PC susceptibility, especially in the *HPCX1*-linked form of the disease. The start codon missense variation in the *MAGEC1*gene showed a borderline association between the variant and both HPC and unselected PC, and therefore additional research is warranted. In addition, the role of certain miRNAs needs further study, especially since *MAGEC1*was predicted to be one of their targets.
List of abbreviations used
==========================
HPC: hereditary prostate cancer; NMD: nonsense-mediated mRNA decay; PC: prostate cancer; TSG: tumor suppressor gene; GINI: gene identification by NMD inhibition; BPH: benign prostate hyperplasia; PSA: prostate specific antigen
Competing interests
===================
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Authors\' contributions
=======================
HM participated in the design of the study, carried out the array and sequencing studies and drafted the manuscript. MS and JI carried out the array data analysis and statistical analyses and revised the manuscript. TI participated in the selection of patients, design of the study and revised the manuscript. MV performed the miRanda studies and revised the manuscript. HO participated in the design of the study and contributed to the array data analysis. TT is the clinical contributor. TW contributed to study design and coordination and revised the manuscript. JS participated in study design, interpreted the results and critically revised the manuscript. All the authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
Pre-publication history
=======================
The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:
<http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2407/11/327/prepub>
Acknowledgements and funding
============================
We thank Maija Wolf and Olli Kallioniemi for providing instruction in the NMD array methodology, Minna Sjöblom and Linda Enroth for technical assistance, and Riitta Vaalavuo for assistance, as well as all of the prostate cancer patients and their families for their participation.
The present study was financially supported by Competitive Research Funding of the Tampere University Hospital (Grant 9K119), the Finnish Cancer Organisations, the Sigrid Juselius Foundation, the Academy of Finland (\#116437, \#118413) and the Reino Lahtikari Foundation. The Ida Montin Foundation and the Orion-Farmos Research Foundation have financially supported H.M. and the Academy of Finland (\#126714) T.W.
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|
[Early childhood development and risk factors in rural China: a cohort study].
Objective: To investigate the development status and risk factors of infants and toddlers in rural China. Methods: In this cohort study, 603 infants (6-12 months of age, Phase Ⅰ) in the rural areas of QinLing-Bashan (Qin-Ba) in Shaanxi were recruited in the control group that received no intervention from April 2013 to October 2015. Three follow-up visits were performed every six months (Phase Ⅱ(12-18 months of age), Phase Ⅲ (18-24 months of age) and Phase Ⅳ(24-30 months of age)). In all the 4 phases (Ⅰ-Ⅳ), general data of the children and the families were collected by questionnaires, early childhood growth and development were assessed by door to door visits, children's hemoglobin levels were determined by laboratory tests, and the cognitive and motor development screening was conducted by the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development. Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors affecting the development of infants and toddlers in rural areas and the data were analyzed in terms of risk factors from infants, guardians and family. Results: Phase Ⅱ, Phase Ⅲ and Phase Ⅳ survey recruited 497, 483 and 486 participants respectively. The incidences of cognitive impairment (mental development scores<80) in rural areas of southern Shaanxi were 13.4% (81/603) in Phase Ⅰ(6-12 months), 20.1%(100/497) in PhaseⅡ(12-18 months), 42.9% (207/483) in Phase Ⅲ(18-24 months) and 50.4%(245/486) in Phase Ⅳ(24-30 months) respectively, which showed a significant increase with age (χ(2)=233.40, P<0.01); the incidences of psychomotor impairment (psychomotor development scores<80) of Phase Ⅰ, Phase Ⅱ, Phase Ⅲ and Phase Ⅳ were 25.0% (151/603), 26.8% (133/497), 8.3% (40/483) and 11.9% (58/486), which showed a significant decrease with age (χ(2)=87.08, P<0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the leading risk factor of the cognitive development of 24-30-month-old children was the mothers' poor education background (≤9 years of school education) (OR=2.56, P<0.01), and the main risk factors affecting psychomotor development were the mothers' poor education background (≤9 years of school education) (OR=2.64, P<0.05) and growth retardation (OR=2.95, P=0.07). Conclusions: The early childhood development (especially cognitive development) in the rural areas of Qin-Ba in Shaanxi of China is not optimistic. More attention should be paid to the early childhood development in rural China, especially to the development of children from the mothers with poor education background.
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Anche se dovessero vincere i Sì, nell’immediato non cambia nulla, essendo consultivo. Il segretario regionale del Pd Alessandro Alfieri: "Serve solo per avviare il percorso costituzionale per trasferire alla Lombardia maggiori competenze. Abbiamo offerto un documento unitario dei sindaci e presidenti di Provincia con cui andare insieme Maroni ad aprire un tavolo con il governo, ma non ha voluto"
Il referendum consultivo per l’autonomia della Lombardia si terrà domenica 22 ottobre, lo stesso giorno del referendum in Veneto. Lo ha annunciato il governatore Roberto Maroni al termine della riunione della Giunta della Regione Lombardia, a Bergamo. Giovedì Maroni aveva anticipato: “Faremo sicuramente il referendum per l’autonomia entro quest’anno, oggi sentirò il presidente Zaia e domani annuncerò la data: sarà a ottobre”. “Abbiamo già fatto la gara – ha spiegato Maroni – per il sistema elettronico di voto: ora ci sono diverse procedure da attivare e un cronoprogramma, Oggi definirò gli ultimi dettagli – ha concluso il presidente – e domani in Giunta regionale, che terremo a Bergamo, annuncerò la data”.
Anche se dovessero vincere i Sì, nell’immediato non cambia nulla, essendo il referendum solo consultivo. I governatori però avranno più forza contrattuale quando si aprirà il negoziato con il governo centrale. Dopo il referendum, infatti, le due Regioni potranno trattare con Roma per ottenere maggiori competenze e anche la possibilità di mantenere una parte della tassazione che oggi finisce allo Stato, come l’Irpef, sul territorio.
Secondo il segretario regionale del Pd Alessandro Alfieri “Maroni vuole passare alla storia come il presidente della Lombardia che ha speso 46 milioni di euro per fare una cosa che si può fare gratis. Il referendum consultivo serve per avviare il percorso costituzionale per trasferire alla Lombardia maggiori competenze, cioè serve per indire una riunione a Roma. Il Pd lombardo crede da sempre che la nostra Regione dovrebbe avere competenze più di altre e per questa ragione ha offerto ormai un anno e mezzo fa un documento unitario dei sindaci dei capoluoghi e dei presidenti di Provincia, amministratori che rappresentano dieci milioni di cittadini lombardi, con cui andare insieme a Maroni ad aprire il tavolo con il Governo. Maroni non ne ha fatto nulla, così come non fece nulla per dare maggiore autonomia alla Lombardia nei tanti anni in cui è stato ministro. Ci ripensi, non è con inutili iniziative di parte ma tenendo insieme il territorio lombardo che si possono ottenere risultati per i cittadini”.
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INTRODUCTION
============
Suicide attempts are common in the society and are one of the public health problems with increased mortality rate. Although the prediction of suicide attempts is not exactly possible, some risk factors have been determined.[@b1-cpn-15-256] One of the risk factors for suicide attempts is the level of anxiety and/or depression. Also, the risk of suicide attempts has been reported to be increased in psychiatric patients.[@b2-cpn-15-256],[@b3-cpn-15-256] In clinical and experimental studies, stress and depression have been shown to be associated with increased levels of circulating cytokines and acute phase reactants, and hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis hyperactivity.[@b4-cpn-15-256],[@b5-cpn-15-256] HPA and sympathetic nervous system are known as two major pathways involved in stress development.[@b6-cpn-15-256] While corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) in the HPA axis causes the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), arginine vasopressin (AVP) enables the production of cortisol. In individuals with intact HPA, serum cortisol levels have been reported to be proportional to stress, and also associated with chronic stress that forms the basis of certain psychiatric disorders such as depression.[@b7-cpn-15-256]--[@b10-cpn-15-256] Copeptin, which has been reported to gradually increase with increasing stress, can be tested with ease and is a stable peptide compared with vasopressin; hence it is a reliable AVP surrogate and can demonstrate its plasma concentrations. It is thought to play role in endogenous stress response.[@b11-cpn-15-256],[@b12-cpn-15-256]
Acylated ghrelin (AG), which was shown to cause increased concentrations of ACTH and corticosterone following intracerebroventricular injection, is a 28-amino acid peptide hormone that is mainly produced by the cells that have endocrine function and are located in the gastric mucosa.[@b13-cpn-15-256]--[@b15-cpn-15-256] It was found that Ghrelin was present in hypothalamus, pituitary gland, brain, kidney, pancreas, heart, stomach and intestinal tissues, and that it acted through growth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1a (GHS-R1a).[@b16-cpn-15-256],[@b17-cpn-15-256] Ghrelin is thought to contribute to the development of anxiety due to its relation with HPA axis, and to cause an increase in suicidal behavior as a result of increased anxiety.[@b18-cpn-15-256] In addition, ghrelin has been shown to be associated with depressive disorders in several studies.[@b19-cpn-15-256]--[@b21-cpn-15-256] In previous studies on ghrelin and other markers in patients with suicide attempts, patients who were at psychiatry clinic or who had a diagnosis of psychiatric disorder were recruited. However, all patients who were admitted to the emergency room with a suicide attempt were included in our study. In order to determine the effect of presence or absence of a chronic psychiatric disorder on the levels of AG, unacylated ghrelin (UG) and copeptin in these patients, the patients were divided into two groups as patients with and without a diagnosis of chronic psychiatric disorder.
METHODS
=======
Participant Selection and Assessment
------------------------------------
The study was initiated following Firat University Faculty of Medicine, Ethics committee approval (Aproval no: 30.12.2014/22-2). Patients who were admitted to our emergency department with attempted suicide (n=128) and healthy individuals (n=59) were included. The exclusion criteria were as follows: impaired consciousness, requirement for intubation and mechanical ventilation, \<18 years of age, patients who did not consent to participate in the study, hormone therapy, steroid therapy, chronic diseases such as autoimmune, pulmonary or neoplasms, and illiterate patients. The demographic data of the patients were recorded into the standard data form.
Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI)
----------------------------
It is an anxiety rating scale that determines the frequency of anxiety symptoms experienced by the individuals.[@b22-cpn-15-256] BAI consists of 21 questions and is a Likert-type scale based on a 0--3 point scale. The scores from the scale are calculated in the range of 0--63 points. Increased scores are an indication of increased levels of anxiety. The validity and reliability study for Turkey was performed by Ulusoy *et al*.[@b23-cpn-15-256]
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
-------------------------------
It is a self-report inventory and determines the level of depression according to the scores.[@b24-cpn-15-256] BDI consists of 21 items, 15 psychological and 6 somatic symptoms. Each item in BDI is scored between 0 to 3 points. The depression score was calculated by summing these scores. The highest score is 63. Increased scores indicate high depression levels or severity. The validity and reliability study for Turkey was performed by Hisli.[@b25-cpn-15-256]
Collection and Preparation of Blood Samples
-------------------------------------------
In order to measure the levels of AG, UG and copeptin, 3 ml blood samples were collected in aprotinin-containing tubes within the first hour of patient admission. The blood samples were then centrifuged at 4,000 rpm for 5 minutes at 4°C. The obtained sera were transferred to Eppendorf tubes and stored at −80°C until analysis.
Copeptin Levels
---------------
Serum samples were analyzed via Human Copeptin ELISA kit (catalog number: YHB0830Hu; YhBiosearch Laboratory, Shanghai, China) in accordance with the analysis procedure. This kit is based on the principle of double-antibody sandwich technique. Absorbance was read spectrophotometrically via ELx800^TM^ Absorbance Micro-plate Reader (BioTek Instruments, Inc., Winooski, VT, USA) at 450 nm. ELx50^TM^ Microplate Strip Washer (BioTek Instruments, Inc.) was used as an automatic microplate washer. Results were expressed in ng/ml. Detection range was 0.05--20 ng/ml and sensitivity was 0.024 ng/ml. Intra- and interassay coefficients of variation (CVs) were \<10% and \<12%, respectively.
Acylated Ghrelin (AG) Levels
----------------------------
Serum samples were analyzed via Human Acylated Ghrelin ELISA kit (catalog number: YHB0089Hu; YhBiosearch Laboratory) in accordance with the analysis procedure. This kit is based on the principle of double-antibody sandwich technique. Absorbance was read spectrophotometrically via ELx800^TM^ Absorbance Microplate Reader at 450 nm. ELx50^TM^ Microplate Strip Washer was used as an automatic microplate washer. Results were expressed in ng/ml. Detection range was 5--1,500 ng/ml and sensitivity was 2.52 ng/ml. Intra- and interassay CVs were \<10% and \<12%, respectively.
Unacylated Ghrelin (UG) Levels
------------------------------
Serum samples were analyzed via Human Unacylated Ghrelin ELISA kit (catalog number: YHB3507Hu; YhBiosearch Laboratory) in accordance with the analysis procedure. This kit is based on the principle of double-antibody sandwich technique. Absorbance was read spectrophotometrically via ELx800^TM^ Absorbance Microplate Reader at 450 nm. ELx50^TM^ Microplate Strip Washer was used as an automatic microplate washer. Results were expressed in ng/ml. Detection range was 0.5--100 ng/ml and sensitivity was 0.25 ng/ml. Intra- and interassay CVs were \<10% and \<12%, respectively.
Statistical Analysis
--------------------
Data were analyzed by IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 21.0 (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA). Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests were used as tests of normality for continuous variables. Parametric data, non-parametric data and categorical data were expressed as mean±standard deviation, median (interquartile range, 25--75 percentile) and %, respectively. Mann-Whitney *U* test was used for pairwise comparison of data without normal distribution. Spearman's correlation test was used for assessment of the relationship between numerical parameters. A *p* value less than 0.05 was considered significant in all analysis.
RESULTS
=======
A total of 187 participants, 128 patients with suicide attempts and 59 healthy controls, were enrolled in our study.
There were no differences between patients with and without attempted suicide in terms of age, gender and body mass index. However, AG, UG and copeptin levels were found to be significantly higher in patients with attempted suicide compared to the control group ([Table 1](#t1-cpn-15-256){ref-type="table"}). Besides, a statistically significant difference was detected between two groups in terms of anxiety scores (*p*\<0.001; [Table 1](#t1-cpn-15-256){ref-type="table"}).
Of all patients with suicide attempts, 40 patients had a previous psychiatric disorder diagnosis and 88 patients had no previous psychiatric disorder diagnoses. Psychiatric diagnoses of patients were as follows: major depressive disorder in 19 patients, schizophrenia in 8 patients, schizo-affective disorder in 5 patients, bipolar disorder in 7 patients and personality disorder in one patient. While there was a significant difference (*p*=0.0064) between psychiatric and non-psychiatric patients with suicide attempts in terms of BAI scores, there were no differences in BDI scores and levels of biomarkers ([Table 2](#t2-cpn-15-256){ref-type="table"}).
Positive correlations were found between BAI and AG (r=0.655, *p*\<0.001), UG (r=0.798, *p*\<0.001) and co-peptin (r=0.756, *p*\<0.001) levels. Positive correlations were also detected between BDI and AG (r=0.479, *p*\<0.001), UG (r=0.565, *p*\<0.001) and copeptin (r=0.625, *p*\<0.001) levels ([Table 3](#t3-cpn-15-256){ref-type="table"}).
The sensitivity and specificity yielded by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis in patients with suicide attempts were as follows: 51.81% and 91.53% for AG, 69.53% and 72.88% for UG, and 50.78% and 94.92% for copeptin ([Fig. 1](#f1-cpn-15-256){ref-type="fig"}, [Table 4](#t4-cpn-15-256){ref-type="table"}).
DISCUSSION
==========
In our study, we found that levels of HPA axis-associated biomarkers, AG, UG and copeptin, were increased in patients with suicide attempts. Also, AG, UG and copeptin levels were found to show a positive correlation with BDI and BAI. Difficulties in coping with stress, and stressful life events are among the risk factors for suicide attempts. Because cortisol is associated with anxiety and depression, HPA axis hyperactivity is thought to be effective in suicide attempts.[@b10-cpn-15-256]
Intracerebroventricular CRH administration leads to inhibition of eating in people. This situation causes anxiety behavior and stimulates the release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal glands.[@b26-cpn-15-256] In addition, intracerebroventricular ghrelin injection leads to increased plasma levels of CRH, thus ACTH and corticosteroneconcentrations.[@b15-cpn-15-256] It could be considered that ghrelin might indirectly contribute to suicide attempts by leading to the development of anxiety through stimulation of the HPA axis.[@b18-cpn-15-256] In several studies, it was reported that low serotonin activity could cause many psychological disorders such as impulsivity, aggression and suicidal ideation and that there was an interaction between serotonergic system and ghrelin.[@b27-cpn-15-256]--[@b29-cpn-15-256] Different results were obtained in studies on ghrelin levels in psychiatric disorders. Nakashima *et al*.[@b19-cpn-15-256] reported that panic disorder was not associated with serum ghrelin levels, but related with depressive disorders. However, Ishitobi *et al*.[@b21-cpn-15-256] reported higher serum ghrelin levels in patients with panic disorders compared with healthy controls. In two different studies comparing patients with suicide attempts and healthy controls, it was reported that serum ghrelin levels increased significantly in patients with suicide attempts.[@b18-cpn-15-256],[@b20-cpn-15-256] In these studies, the basic mechanism in ghrelin increase was evaluated as the stimulation of the HPA axis. In our study, consistent with earlier studies, ghrelin levels were found to be increased in patients with suicide attempts.
Copeptin is another gradually increasing biomarker with increasing stress.[@b11-cpn-15-256] Akinladel *et al*.[@b30-cpn-15-256] reported significantly increased copeptin levels in schizophrenic patients compared to healthy subjects. The main reason for the increase in copeptin levels in psychiatric diseases is thought to be associated with an increased level of cortisol, which is the basic molecule of stress following HPA axis stimulation.[@b8-cpn-15-256] In our study, copeptin levels were significantly higher in patients with suicide attempts than in anxiety patients without suicide attempts. One of the striking results of our study is the presence of increased levels of AG, UG and copeptin in non-psychiatric patients with suicide attempts. Increased biomarkers in case of suicide attempts due to acute stress suggest that HPA axis could have a role in both pathophysiology of chronic psychiatric diseases, and rapid and impulsive stress conditions.
In conclusion, levels of AG, UG and copeptin increase in patients with suicide attempts. BAI and BDI scores have a positive correlation with AG, UG and copeptin levels. Moreover, the levels of these biomarkers and BAI and BDI scores are also high in psychiatric and non-psychiatric patients. Increased levels of AG, UG and copeptin could be considered among the risk factors for suicide attempts.
The limitations of this study are as follows: The parameters such as sampling time, nutritional status and drugs that can affect the levels of copeptin, AG and UG were not utilized in our study as they cause serious decrease in the number of study participants. The small number of participants is the main limitation of our study. Also, cortisol levels could have contributed to the determination of stress status of patients.
We thank to the Firat University Scientific Research Unit for funding this project (Project Grant No: TF 15.04).
{#f1-cpn-15-256}
######
The data of patients with and without suicide attempts
Variable Suicide attempts group Healthy controls *p* value
----------------------------------- --------------------------- ------------------------- -----------
Subjects (female/male) 128 (77/51) 59 (34/25) 0.744
Age (yr) 28±11.95 30.22±8.58 0.428
Body mass index (kg/m^2^) 22.65 (20.70--25.71) 23.39 (21.36--26.60) 0.229
Acylated ghrelin (ng/ml) 1,021.29 (718.03--282.09) 432.00 (294.73--786.15) \<0.001
Unacylated ghrelin (ng/ml) 256.35 (124.17--354.25) 117.59 (66.38--217.09) \<0.001
Copeptin (ng/ml) 21.27 (10.43--57.04) 9.44 (5.14--15.6) \<0.001
Beck Depression Inventory (score) 24 (16--34.5) 14 (6.25--19.75) \<0.001
Beck Anxiety Inventory (score) 20 (13--27.75) 12 (7/23) \<0.001
Values are presented as number only, mean±standard deviation, or median (interquartile range).
######
The data of psychiatric and non-psychiatric patients with suicide attempts
Variable Psychiatric Non-psychiatric *p* value
----------------------------------- ----------------------------- ----------------------------- -----------
Subjects (female/male) 40 (23/17) 88 (54/34) 0.679
Age (yr) 30.07±13.0 28.28±11.48 0.125
Body mass index (kg/m^2^) 23.03 (20.61--25.92) 22.54 (20.83--25.71) 0.6979
Acylated ghrelin (ng/ml) 1,094.01 (651.22--1,334.23) 1,011.60 (727.99--1,235.06) 0.6253
Unacylated ghrelin (ng/ml) 274.01 (118.42--372.38) 286.09 (147.85--380.08) 0.7190
Copeptin (ng/ml) 14.75 (10.49--57.47) 22.96 (10.53--56.14) 0.5510
Beck Depression Inventory (score) 22 (12--28) 20 (13--27) 0.8390
Beck Anxiety Inventory (score) 29.5 (21.5--38.5) 22.5 (14.5--30) 0.0064
Values are presented as number only, mean±standard deviation, or median (interquartile range).
######
The Spearman's correlation data of BAI, BDI and AG, UG and copeptin levels
AG UG Copeptin
----- --------- --------- --------- ----------
BAI r 0.655 0.798 0.756
*p* \<0.001 \<0.001 \<0.001
BDI r 0.479 0.565 0.625
*p* \<0.001 \<0.001 \<0.001
BAI, Beck Anxiety Inventory; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; AG, acylated ghrelin; UG, unacylated ghrelin.
######
ROC curve analysis results
Cut-off AUC Sensitivity Specificity *p* value 95% confidence interval
-------------------- ----------- ------- ------------- ------------- ----------- -------------------------
Acylated ghrelin \>959.905 0.831 57.81 91.53 \<0.0001 0.771--0.892
Unacylated ghrelin \>193.55 0.737 69.53 72.88 \<0.0001 0.662--0.813
Copeptin \>19.85 0.757 50.78 94.92 \<0.0001 0.689--0.825
ROC, receiver operating characteristic; AUC, area under the curve.
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butlincat's blog - a blog...a seeker of the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth...
butlincat's blog...a seeker of the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth...
This site is shadowbanned, as daily viewing figures prove since March 2018, when before then the figures were 10 times as much as they have been since. "Shadowbanning" is the act of blocking or partially blocking a user or their content from an online community - see more: What is SHADOWBANNING: Twitter: are you shadowbanned? - truther sites are targeted, eg:NewsGuard Launches War on Alternative Media - "Censorship is the tool of those who have the need to hide actualities from themselves and from others." - Charles Bukowski
“As long as justice is postponed we always stand on the verge of these darker nights of social disruption”...so said Martin Luther King Jr. in a speech on March 14, 1968, just three weeks before he was assassinated.
PC Magazine stepped a bit out of its comfort zone on Monday to cover the story of Dr. Lori Handrahan and her 4-year-old daughter Mila. Handrahan charges that her ex-husband Igor Malenko kidnapped Mila, drugged her with methamphetamines, sexually and physically abused her, and involved Mila in a state-protected child prostitution ring in Maine where the couple lived.
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PC Magazine writer Sara Yin picked up the story, which she notes has gone practically unnoticed by the media for the past three years, after Anonymous, the online leaderless collective with the self-appointed goal of protecting freedom of speech through targeted "hacktivist" attacks, picked up the "Save Mila" cause, driving Internet traffic to Handrahan's blog and bringing her the attention that traditional news sources and government have long denied her.
The article, titled "Anonymous Helps Distressed Mom Find Lost Child," was published on Monday online. The original version detailed Handrahan's claims regarding her ex-husband's treatment of her daughter, as well as her theory that her husband is being protected by crooked government officials who are profiting from and covering up a secret child sex ring.
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The next day, however, these gruesome details were edited out, the headline was rewritten as "Anonymous Joins Custody Battle, Helps Mother Find Daughter," and an editor's note explained that although the "fact that Anonymous chose to intervene... [is] worthy of coverage," PC has no "intention to take sides in an ongoing custody battle."
While researching the article, Yin spoke to Handrahan, a professor at American University in Washington, D.C., who comes across as frustrated and worried for her daughter but in relatively good emotional shape considering the situation she claims:
Handrahan told me that after spending three years not being taken seriously by law enforcement agents and elected officials, which she has blogged about meticulously at her website Saving Mila, she decided to go to the "court of public opinion" for help. She and several unnamed volunteers went to Facebook and Twitter to spread her story far and wide, in hopes of getting anyone's attention.
Last week one of her social media volunteers casually threw #Anonymous at the end of a tweet. Almost immediately, Handrahan saw her tweet, newly hashtagged with #SavingMila, retweeted by many high-profile, Anonymous-related accounts like @AnonymousIRC, @AnonCorpWatch, @AnonymousCRI (Costa Rica), and @AnonOpsSweden. Each account has several thousand followers. Traffic to her blog shot up from 200 to 2,000 hits a day and continues to surge.
PC Magazine approaches the story from the angle of the power of social media, when wielded by certain groups, in this case Anonymous, which has transformed itself from a group of merry online pranksters to a political organization while using social networking to muster what is essentially a leaderless online army. The concept of a leaderless organization is central to Anonymous, and individuals claiming responsibility for group actions to the media are often forced out. However, several Twitter accounts associated with Anonymous have gained hundreds of thousands of followers, making them the de-facto mouthpieces of the organization, at least as far as the rest of the world can see. When @AnonymousIRC (Internet Relay Chat) or @YourAnonNews say something, the world hears them.
In the same week that Anonymous threw their support behind "Save Mila," Handrahan's own social media efforts have come under mysterious attack, which she describes in recent blog posts on her website. Her own Twitter account @SavingMila16, has been suspended, as have many accounts connected to the effort. YouTube videos have also been removed without any explanation given to Handrahan.
Although PC Magazine implies that they removed certain details from the article because the subject of the story was Anonymous's involvement, and not Mila herself. Still, the growing controversy around the case suggests that the website was forced to extricate itself from a heated legal battle which has gone on for three years after realizing that they may have rushed into the fray without doing all the necessary research.
Lori Handaran's website is packed with evidence for her case to the point where it becomes overwhelming to the untutored visitor. Handrahan has what appears to be a strong case and if she is right, her story is heartbreaking and deserves the immediate attention necessary to save Mila and return Lori and Mila's lives to as much normalcy as may still be possible.
But Malenko, the ex-husband, may also have a case. One of several angry comments on the PC Magazine article leads to a .pdf file titled "Timeline: Malenkov vs. Handrahan," which describes Handrahan in detail as an obsessive and possessive woman who has manipulated the truth multiple times in the past in an effort to portray Malenko as being mentally incompetent.
According to Rhode Island Republican state legislator Dan Gordon, who has publicly claimed connections with Anonymous, the hacktivists are currently attempting to verify Handrahan's claims. PC Magazine spoke with Gordon twice for the article, which makes sense considering he is perhaps the only elected official who is also a member of Anonymous.
In a follow-up call Gordon told me that before he goes higher up the chain of command with Mila's case, he awaits the results of some "digging" being conducted by his "Anonymous friends." They are examining the veracity of email headers and IP addresses to determine how much of Handrahan's story is true.
Hopefully Anonymous will have some success unearthing the truth regarding Mila, Handrahan and Melanko. At the very the hacktivist collective has helped bring attention to a long overlooked issue.
To report problems or to leave feedback about this article, e-mail: [email protected]
To contact the editor, e-mail: [email protected]
Over 200 senior bankers arrested last week as new financial system goes online
Posted by benjamin
...
March 26, 2012
The new financial system is online now and abundant financing is either already or soon to be made available, according to dragon family representatives. The final take down of the criminal cabal has also begun in earnest with over 200 senior bankers arrested and 450 resigned last week alone, these sources say. Japan is also now doing the final paperwork needed to set up an international economic planning agency with an initial funding facility of $10 trillion or about 200 times what the World Bank lends every year, according to Japanese government sources. There will be some sort of announcement about this and other things on Tuesday evening, March 27th, 2012 Japan Standard Time according to illuminati and White Dragon Society sources. The arrest of some very high profile individuals is imminent.
The general structure of the financial cabal and its top leaders has also now been mapped to some extent. For example, the Rothschild family dynasty leaders have been identified. The Swiss branch of the family is run by David de Rothschild in Geneva, the French branch by Guy de Rothschild, the German branch by Rothschild family member and Hitler daughter Angelina Merkel and the British branch by Evelyn de Rothschild.
In the US, JP Morgan is a Rothschild front.
The Rockefeller family syndicate uses Goldman Sachs and Citibank as its major financial fronts. Bank of America is a front for the Italian black nobility behind the Vatican and the mafia, run in part by Peter Hans Kolvenbach, the former black pope. Pope malevolent the 16th is also a senior member of this satanic group.
The Nazi faction is run by Fuhrer George Bush Senior with Ben Bernanke acting as Deputy Fuhrer. Their chemical and pharmaceutical mass murder division is run by the Du Pont family.
The Bill and Melinda Gates foundation is now in Africa forcing families at gunpoint to accept the sterilization by vaccine of their daughters. In North America, Japan and elsewhere the mass sterilization by vaccine is taking place under the guise of protecting girls against cervical cancer. Message to Bill Gates: your company and foundation are going to be confiscated and you are going to spend the rest of your life making restitution.
The United States government has been so compromised by these and other cabal families and their foundation fronts that the upcoming US Presidential “election,” is nothing more than a power struggle between the Chicago mob and their front man Mitt Romney versus the Bush Texas illegal drug mafia and their guy Jeb Bush.
Hopefully the new financial system, once it is fully implemented, will pull the plug on the entire farcical show and Americans will be able to choose their own leaders based on true information provided by free media. For now though, electronically rigged elections and corporate propaganda provide sham democracy for dumbed down and drugged up Americans.
However, a look at the pentagon budget for this upcoming year shows they have dedicated plenty of resources to financing reserve troop units inside the United States. This does not mean they are preparing to put average Americans into FEMA camps as feared by many. To the contrary, they are preparing for a mass round up of cabal agents and proxies, according to pentagon and CIA sources.
There was a clear indication of change on March 20th, when instead of having the cabal scheduled earthquake hit Tokyo, a magnitude 7.4 earthquake hit Oaxaca, Mexico exactly when President Obama’s daughter was vacationing there. Furthermore, this earthquake was advertised in advance through pamphlets distributed locally. This is a clear sign the bad guys no longer play the HAARP.
Another sign of change was the public rebuke of Obama, Clinton and cabal controlled media outlets when the official Chinese government news site, Xinhua stated that North Korea was not on the agenda of the 50 nation nuclear security summit taking place in Soeul, Korea this week. The cabal propaganda media has been carrying a fake story about nuclear danger from North Korea even though that country has already announced it will cease nuclear weapons development.
The secret agenda behind this 50 nation summit is an attempt to steal 200 tons of gold that is in South Korean warehouses. That theft is not going to be allowed to go ahead so the cabalists will leave the summit empty handed.
There was also plenty of speculation about a coup d’etat in China last week. All that happened was that a Maoist cabal agent Bo Xilai was removed from power after one of his henchmen was discovered taking instructions from the US consulate in Chongqing, according to MI6 sources. China is still on course for a stable and harmonious regime change-over later this year, according to White Dragon Society sources. The talk of a Maoist coup d’etat was wishful cabalist thinking fanned by cabalist media outlets.
Speaking about fake stories, the “White Hats” group on the internet, consisting of Bush agent Mike Cotrell and Hawaii resident Danny Gammage, has been spewing out laughable libel (such as this writer is a clone).
More damagingly, they managed to fool Lord Blackheath of the UK Upper House of Parliament with a fake story about $15 trillion that he raised in Parliamentary session. The House of Lords is now going to summon a White Dragon Society ally to testify about what is really going on in the financial wars.
The London financial district is headed for further purges and the talk is that Lord Sassoon is headed for a big fall. The investigation may even extend to the UK Royal family, European CIA sources say.
In Japan, meanwhile, the status quo is expected to remain on hold until the March 31st end of the fiscal year because of overwhelming workloads in the bureaucracy and the parliament. After March 31st, there will be concrete negotiations taking place involving the Finance Ministry, Bank of Japan, Prime Minister’s office and Royal Household Agency aimed at setting up a new international economic planning agency.
The Japanese self-defense forces and bureaucracy are also planning a major purge of cabalist puppets in the Japanese Parliament, banks, corporations and media.
Overall, things are looking very good. However, unless we see these senior cabalists on world TV confessing to their crimes, we must not be complacent. Until this financial war is over, keep your powder dry and stay alert.
BREAKING NEW RELEASE MARCH 2012:- Easter Island, known originally as Rapanui is a very small remote island positioned very far from any continent and is literally all on its own in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. It is "a lost civilisation" and their secrets also lost. The Rapanui people after many researcher's interviews over a hundred years ago and in the more recent years have confirmed they have lost the original meaning of their own culture and hence why it remains a mystery to this day. The island has well over 800 giant megalithic statues called Moai that have baffled the world for centuries.
Many a theory of the meaning of the statues have been published but strangely not one of them ever really presented a complete well-reasoned story showing all the evidence suggesting why they built the statues and what the people believed about them.
Easter Island’s general history is well documented on line. To learn more about it go to Wikipedia before reading further ...(ref)
Wayne recently made a few decisive breakthroughs that add new pieces to the puzzle. Here is the full presentation of what he believes makes the most sense.
NEW READERS PLEASE NOTE
It is important for those first reading this story to know that Wayne will be using the term ‘sol star’. It refers to a specific star area in Taurus near the Pleiades and Orion, a commonality he has found in virtually all ancient civilisations. If these new breakthroughs sound confusing to you, listed here are the other ancient sites for more on Wayne’s star map discoveries for you to browse through: ...(ref)
The so called star blueprint code that Wayne has found important in virtually all ancient civilisations is seen in the animation below. This is what will be compared with Easter Island.
The sources of clues here are derived from works by original explorer Thor Heyerdhal ...(ref) Some forgotten excavation discoveries not made public in the unearthing of some Moai from the 1915 Routledge excavation project ...(ref)
Also the Google Earth observation source when viewed from the sky (image credit)… also oral tradition of what was passed down through the Rapanui descendants but most of all, new deductions comparing to Wayne’s globally common first civilisations star map theory… and testing if it fits his measurable blueprint star map hypothesis.
10 EASTER ISLAND FACTS AND NEW BREAKTHROUGH CLUES
Here is a list of the most inspiring Easter Island facts and new clues Wayne has pieced together:
1) There are two main varieties of statues: widespread single Moai numbering close to 800 and of average masses between 30 to 40 tons are found all around the edge of the island mysteriously and haphazardly buried with generally only head and shoulders appearing. They are the type seen in the image at the top of this page.
2) They were megalith block builders of pristine perfection and style of block building just like the ancient Inca of Peru. Some stunning examples seen here ...(ref)
3) Some Moai are seen as special… the bigger variety standing on a special platform called Ahu. Some scholars say it represents a celestial canoe. Fantastic clue here.
4) All Moai statues, both on the Ahu platforms and those buried all over the island have their gaze set above the horizon. But the statues all around the coastline of the island have an extra feature... Their heads tilt backwards forcing their intense gaze much higher above the horizon towards the sky as per the image at the top of this page. The free standing Moai variety on Ahu platforms are the most sacred and some are crowned with head stones called Pukao as in the image below. The eyes looking at the sky above the horizon forces one to challenge a recent claim that they are looking for their ancestors homeland. The iris here, even if it is a modern addition is not an issue to consider when evaluating the general head position and direction of stare. They are all still looking just above the horizon, even if the iris was positioned normally. ...(ref)
The Egyptians wore round objects on their heads representing celestial bodies. Is it possible the Moai are doing the same but the round objects are horizontal and not vertical? When seen from above, they appear identical to what is known as the circumpunct, a dot in the middle of a circle which represents a celestial body.
Saturday, 24 March 2012
Please watch entire video before posting questions. Kubrick's Cover Story explores how Kubrick weaved an artificial surface narrative of alien contact as a cover for the subliminally encoded film he really wanted to make.
They are there to solve the UK's pressing problems, but it seems MPs need some help too. The recent arrest of a Labour MP after a late-night brawl in the House of Commons bar, is just the latest in a string of alcohol fuelled scandals. RT's Laura Smith reports on how some Parliamentarians are said to be drinking their way through life at Westminster.
This week's edition of UFO Digest explores everything from strange noises, to bigfoot and of course 2012. One of our writers examines Richard Branson and his Virgin Galactic. Another UFO Digest correspondent interviews Donald Ware at the 21st UFO Conference in Arizona. We have an article on Area 51 and a musical treat and of course we have UFOs sightings, videos and articles about UFOs and other flying objects. Enjoy Dirk
UFO: Mass Sighting UK by peterxdunn. Have you ever seen a shooting star? If you have then perhaps, at the time of your sighting, you were walking along a darkened street in the company of a friend or family member. Upon spotting the sudden, incandescent streak across the night sky you might have even attempted to point it out to your companion. 'Look there, a shooting star!'. Unfortunately shooting stars tend to be very short-lived entities. More...
Damanhur Time Machine, The World Forum, The Club of Rome And the Tall Whites by Johanne Robichaud. Donald Ware’s New Years resolution in 1999 was to take the URANTIA book from the bottom of the stack and put it on the top. This book is so involved and fantastic that I can understand why someone would put it to the side for future reading, as I did that myself. More...
Will Branson’s “Virgin Galactic” Encounter UFOs? by Diane Tessman. Richard Branson, that boldly-going international tycoon and adventurer, plans to take 430 civilian astronauts into space by 2014, and to continue flights to the edge of space thereafter. Our NASA astronauts have reported multiple sightings and even encounters with UFOs and their enigmatic occupants since the U.S. space program began. More...
Fire Island UFO Sighting by Chris Holly. Fire Island is a outer island that is located off of the coast of and separate from the main land of Long Island New York. Fire Island has been the play land for many New Yorkers due to its closeness to New York city yet beauty of being an ocean coast of incredible open beaches. . It is only accessible by boat or small water landing planes. Those who are able to afford the luxury of visiting this outer beach Island use it as their private vacation land. More...
The Multiple Phenomenon of Area 51 by Norio Hayakawa. It seems so astounding just to think that in the past 25 years or so, AREA 51 has transformed itself from an obsure R & D and testing facility at Groom Lake, Nevada, to the world's most well-known 'secret base', bar none!! More...
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Arizona Red Orb Over South Mountain by Roger Marsh. A Phoenix, AZ, witness reports observing a "red orb with a bright blue aura or 'glow' around it" moving in odd patterns in the sky about 8 p.m. on March 19, 2012, while standing along Thomas Street at 19th Avenue, according to March 21, 2012, testimony from the Mutual UFO Network (MUFON) witness reporting database. More...
Government Keeps its Citizens in the Dark! by Paul Schroeder. Knowing full well that government disclosure of UFO/alien realities would cause complete religious and social societal disintegration, our government has thoughtfully and parentally organized covert agencies of disinformation to sustain the fabric of societal equilibrium, I herein list only a few: More...
Dark-Matter, Dark-Energy and the Big-Bang All Finally Resolved by Roland Michel Tremblay. Today’s crisis in Cosmology is perhaps best demonstrated by an apparently accelerating expansion of the universe where a ‘Dark Energy’ must be postulated to justify this extraordinary acceleration apart -- an energy that itself defies both explanation and the Law of Conservation of Energy. More...
An alternative explanation for the existance of UFOs by Nigel Grogan. There is another explanation for the existence of UFOS, not a popular one, but one which I believe needs to be considered. Please allow me to provide the back drop to my statement. As a young man in my teens, I began to question why humanity seemed so intent on destroying itself and the planet it lived on. I am now 53 and grew up during the cold war era, often reminded of the way that Western Europe and her allies were outnumbered by the USSR`S conventional forces and how quickly any war would escalate to a potential all out nuclear one. More...
Healed by a UFO by Scott Corrales. An experience such as this is uncanny, and certainly more than one reader will question its authenticity. They are in their right to do so. We can only say that as a policy, we never publish anything without having confirmed the original sources, and in this event, the protagonists themselves restated their experience. A fact that leads us to believe once more that we know very little about our surroundings, much less about ourselves, and leads us to think that on certain occasions, higher intelligences manifest on our earthly plane. More... Also read: A Bevy of Earthly Saucers - The Manmade UFO Controversy
Iconic book EXOPOLITICS founded science of relations among intelligent civilizations by Alfred Lambremont Webre, JD, MEd. The iconic book Exopolitics: Politics, Government, and Law In the Universe by Alfred Lambremont Webre JD MEd is now available in downloadable E-book format on Kindle, accessible to readers world-wide, with special Kindle EXOPOLITICS webpages for North America, the UK, Germany, France, and Italy. More...
Alien ET Abductee/Contactee Ask What is Wrong with The World in 2012? by Theresa J Thurmond Morris. What is wrong with people? We are here on spaceship earth with other humanoid sentient intelligent beings as one whole entire species for a reason. As much as I would like to think that we live in love and light only this is not the case. We live in an imperfect world with an imperfect species of humanoids whether we believe we were created by Supreme Beings, genetically engineered or simply created from some ooze out of the planet or star dust. More... Also read: 2012 Good and Bad Alien ET's A Spiritual Agreement with Higher Beings
Population Control Isn't Necessary by Ron Murdock. Population control is used as a very sickening way to keep us in herd mentality, especially if it's used to maintain genetic purity of some kind. I read that an Anglican clergyman called Malthus said that disease and appalling living conditions were essential to stop over population. With comments like this coming from so called leaders, it doesn't do anything for me to trust any of them. More...
Strange Sounds Heard Around The World by rgray2222. We have all heard about the strange sounds being heard around the world. The best that anyone can figure is they started about mid 2011 and have escalated since the beginning of 2012. They are being reported in virtually every part of the globe, Canada, Asia, Europe, Central and South America and the USA. They are being reported as loud rumblings, tornado like, groaning, low pitch roar, rushing air or water, scraping of metal, loud freight train, trumpets, deep vibrations, they last for one or two minutes or they can go on for days. While most are a low type rumble some are a loud bang or a series of loud booms that last for minutes or hours. More...
Finally, after trillions in fraudulent activity, trillions in bailouts, trillions in printed money, billions in political bribing and billions in bonuses, the criminal cartel members on Wall Street are beginning to get what they deserve. As the Eurozone is coming apart at the seams and as the US economy grinds to a halt, the financial elite are starting to turn on each other. The lawsuits are piling up fast. Here’s an extensive roundup:
Time to put your Big Bank shorts on! Get ready for arun… The chickens are coming home to roost… The Global Banking Cartel’s crimes are being exposed left & right… Prepare for Shock & Awe…
Well, well… here’s your Shock & Awe:
First up, this shockingly huge $196 billion lawsuit just filed against 17 major banks on behalf of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Bank of America is severely exposed in this lawsuit. As the parent company of Countrywide and Merrill Lynch they are on the hook for $57.4 billion. JP Morgan is next in the line of fire with $33 billion. And many death spiraling European banks are facing billions in losses as well.
FHA Files a $196 Billion Lawsuit Against 17 Banks
The Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA), as conservator for Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac (the Enterprises), today filed lawsuits against 17 financial institutions, certain of their officers and various unaffiliated lead underwriters. The suits allege violations of federal securities laws and common law in the sale of residential private-label mortgage-backed securities (PLS) to the Enterprises.
Complaints have been filed against the following lead defendants, in alphabetical order:
These complaints were filed in federal or state court in New York or the federal court in Connecticut. The complaints seek damages and civil penalties under the Securities Act of 1933, similar in content to the complaint FHFA filed against UBS Americas, Inc. on July 27, 2011. In addition, each complaint seeks compensatory damages for negligent misrepresentation. Certain complaints also allege state securities law violations or common law fraud. [read full FHFA release]
‘MILLION HOODIE MARCH’ IN MEMORY OF TRAYVON MARTIN
Hundreds marched through the streets of New York City on Wednesday night in memory of and to protest the death of Florida teen Trayvon Martin, in what organizers called the “Million Hoodie March.”The march began in Manhattan’s Union Square, where a rally in support of Martin had taken place. Martin’s father Tracy Martin and mother Sybrina Fulton, in New York for interviews with major media outlets, made an appearance at the rally to thank the crowd for its enthusiasm. ”My heart is in pain,” Fulton said, according to the AP. “But to see the support of all of you really makes a difference.” See report and video HERE
FOTO OF THE MOTHER.I’M NOT SURE WHO THE YOUNG WOMAN WITH HER IS: EITHER A SISTER OR THE GIRL FRIEND WHO TRAYVON WAS ON A CELL PHONE SPEAKING WITH BEFORE HE WAS MURDERED.THE MAN IS THE PARENT’S LAWYER WHO DID MOST OF THE SPEAKING*
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THE PARENTS.WHEN THE PARENTS CAME THERE WAS AN INTENSE PRESS, ACTIVISTS , RUSH CROWDING THE PARENTS.I WAS IN , BY LUCK, A GOOD SPOT TO GET SOME FOTOS: IT WAS A STRUGGLE.. THE POLICE WERE PUSHING THEIR WAY THRU AN INTENSE CROWD TO GET THE PARENTS TO THE STAGE.******WHEN TRAYVON WAS MURDERED HE WAS IN HIS WAY HOME HAVING PURCHASED ICE TEA AND A PKG OF CANDY SKITTLES.PEOPLE BROUGHT TO THE EVENT PKG’S OF SKITTLES AND WAVED THEM IN THE AIR.***
ONE OF THE ACTIVISTS BEGAN TO SING “ WE ARE ALL ONE”.
EVERYBODY BEGAN TO SING IN UNISON & RAISE THEIR HAND WITH ONE FINGER POINTING UP*
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Well integrated protest**********
I LIKE THIS FOTO.
IT HAS THE SKITTLES, A POSTER, & A STATUE OF WASHINGTON: “THE FATHER OF OUR COUNTRY” & A SLAVE OWNER IN THE BACKGROUND.*
Wednesday, 21 March 2012
This is a video of several guerrilla style interviews with Bob Dean and Clifford Stone conducted over a 2 day period at the 2012 UFO Congress... Retired, Command Sergeant Major, Robert O. Dean and Retired, Sergeant Clifford Stone hadn't seen each other in some time. They are old friends and both have been given special access to the above top secret world of the military involving interaction with ETs of various races.
In this once in a lifetime interview we get them together, at one place and time, sharing war stories and reminiscing about their encounters. I ask them the hard questions and attempt one more time to get them to reveal the true nature of the military involvement with ETs. What it means for humanity and where it is leading...as well as the fact that there are friendly and not so friendly visitors to this planet. Some who walk among us and down the halls of the Pentagon.
Extraordinary: Dr George Hibbert faces claims he deliberately misdiagnosed parents with mental disorders - decisions which meant their children were taken away from them
A leading psychiatrist faces extraordinary claims he deliberately misdiagnosed parents with mental disorders – decisions which meant their children were taken away from them.Dr George Hibbert faces being struck off over his conclusions that hundreds had ‘personality disorders’ after assessing them at his private family centre.He was paid hundreds of thousands of pounds by social services for the reports which tore children from their parents – many of them young mothers.He is now being investigated over shocking suggestions he distorted the assessments to fit the view of social services. In one case, he is alleged to have wrongly diagnosed a ‘caring’ new mother – named only as Miss A – with bipolar disorder because her local authority wanted the baby adopted.After being confronted with this allegation, Dr Hibbert offered to surrender his licence to practise as a doctor rather than face a General Medical Council inquiry. But his request has been rejected by the GMC which says there are still ‘unresolved concerns regarding his fitness to practise’. He will now face a full fitness to practise hearing. Yesterday John Hemming MP, who has raised concerns about Dr Hibbert in Parliament, described the claims as shocking. The Lib Dem MP – alerted by a whistle-blower – said he had since spoken to ‘three or four’ other families who said the same had happened to them.
He has written to Justice Secretary Ken Clarke demanding a full parliamentary inquiry.
Mr Hemming said: ‘He is someone about whom a number of people have complained. I am told that at least one person has refused to work for him because of what she saw as his unethical provision of reports to suit the demands of local authorities.
Rich: Two Porsches can be seen parked outside the home of Dr Hibbert near Swindon. He is worth more than £2.7million
‘Much of the decision making in care proceedings rests on reports from experts such as Dr Hibbert,’ he told Parliament.He added that supposedly independent experts such as Dr Hibbert, 59, were often little more than ‘the hired gun of the local authority’.The lack of transparency over such experts was leading to ‘thousands of miscarriages of justice in care proceedings’.
Earlier this week, a study for the Family Justice Council revealed how life-changing decisions about the care of children are routinely being made on the basis of flawed evidence. A fifth of ‘experts’ who advise the family courts are unqualified.Dr Hibbert charged local authorities £6,000 a week for every family in his care and £210 an hour just to read documents such as medical records.By 2007 his company, Assessment in Care, was making a profit of around £460,000 a year from his lucrative arrangement with social services. He is now worth more than £2.7million. Last night a black Porsche Turbo, thought to be worth around £120,000, and a grey Porsche 911 Carrera, worth around £80,000, were parked on the gravel driveway outside his £500,000 country cottage. A former honorary lecturer at Oxford University, who has previously advised the government on care assessments, Dr Hibbert left the NHS to set up his private assessment centre in 2000.Since then, hundreds of parents in contact with social services – usually mothers and babies – have been referred to his centre to be assessed.Concerns were first raised in 2007, when mother Miss A complained that Dr Hibbert had wrongly diagnosed her with a bipolar disorder. One consultant psychiatrist accused Dr Hibbert of having ‘no evidence’ for some of his claims and of deliberately ‘exaggerating’ and ‘misrepresenting’ aspects of the woman’s behaviour.Her report is among a number of documents being examined by the GMC with regards to Dr Hibbert.Miss A, who has seen her son just a few times since, said Dr Hibbert was ‘corrupt and evil.’ ‘Nothing will ever make up for what he has done to me and my child,’ Miss A said. ‘I want to make sure this man is exposed and that he can never do this to anybody else.’ In a letter sent to Miss A, a GMC investigations officer confirmed Dr Hibbert ‘has now applied for voluntary erasure from the medical register’.
In demand: Dr Hibbert was paid hundreds of thousands of pounds by social services for reports which tore children from their parents - many of them young mothers
The letter continued: ‘He has no intention of returning to clinical practice in the future.’However, the GMC officer concluded it was in the ‘public interest’ for his request to be denied ‘in view of the nature of the performance allegations and in the view of the conduct concerns.’ He has not been available for comment at his two-storey detached cottage in the small village of Blunsdon near Swindon. His assessment centre next to his home appeared to be closed.
A spokesman for Dr Hibbert at the Medical Protection Society, the indemnity organisation for doctors, said professional confidentiality meant Dr Hibbert was ‘unable to comment on allegations raised in relation to care of a patient’. Paul Grant, of Bernard Chill & Axtell Solicitors, who represents Miss A, said: ‘Our client has instructed us to launch proceedings against Dr Hibbert and the local authority. ‘We believe this distressing case may be the tip of a very big iceberg.’
We have been told the Project Stargate and other Remote Viewing projects have been abdandoned by the US military.
Nothing could be more wrong. In this detailed account of how Remote Viewing, nanoteck injections, and multiple Alien types are involved with the US Military.
Alara (Not her real name) describes how the US has fully militarized Remote Viewing, and how Alien Implant technology, is injected into their own troops, so RVrs can track and advise them in the modern theatre of war.
Alara is a natural RVr, who volunteered for the US Military in 2000, and was used up and exhausted in a short time, before crashing out of the program.
The viewer must understand that such tactics are very likely to be in use by the British Military, as refered to by John Urwin,(Bases 13) who referred to his special officer as nonhuman in the late 1950s!. Described in similar detail to some of Alaras "ETs"
Alara spends her time enjoying life driving her Triumph Motor bike around the western US.
We thank her for her invaluable contribution to the use of Remote Viewing in the modern age.
Recorded at the IUFOC, Phoenix 2012. An Educational Supplement from The BASES Series for The AMMACH Project. Shot, directed and produced by Miles Johnston. Bases Music by Nick Ashron from nickashron dot com
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"After we shot the main HDV Alara interview on Militarized Remote Viewing, As we got some refreshemnets on a very hot day, Alara describes strange crab - spider type constructs called Scuttlers.,First encountered in the Energy 106 FM Pirate station on the Irish Border (SeeBases 4 part 2).
In a very rare opportunity, Alara describes what these devices are, and why they are used on Data Network systems, or any systems that contain Information.
These are hyperspatial, or "Astral" constructs using alein technology, but made by Humans. They infest power stations, transmitters and computer systems and networks.
I was personally attacked by a very large version, of these. About 12ft wide at SKY News , on the BSKYB site in Osterley.
These are nasty pieces of work.
This supplement is designed to alert Computer, Transmision and Broadcast Engineers that these are REAL. You only get a second to see them before they self delete from your consciousnes.
All the major news outlets are being sent a copy of this March 22, 2012
Press Release WARNING
stating that everyone living in or near a seismic zone should be warned to brace for one of the top five earthquake events in recorded history on March 22, 2012 at 4:58:34 UTC. Earth axis is expected to shift five+ inches with the world aquifers, when our planet passes 66,000 miles per hour through a gravity trough connecting the Sun and the inbound heavy-mass object (HMO).
PRESS RELEASE
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE – Sunday, March 18, 2012
Contact: Terral Croft, [email protected]
Skype: Terral03
MARCH 22, 2012 EARTH AXIS WILL SHIFT FIVE INCHES WITH a NINE MAGNITUDE QUAKE EXPECTED in a PACIFIC OCEAN EVENT, WHEN EARTH PASSES THROUGH A GRAVITY TROUGH CONNECTING THE SUN AND an INBOUND HEAVY-MASS OBJECT
St. Petersburg, Florida – Our researchers have discovered a pattern of seismicity going back to 1965 that has transitioned into large magnitude events including Earth axis shifts on a regular 188-day cycle. The most-recent events include the February 27, 2010 8.8 event in Chile, the September 4, 2010 7.1 event at Christchurch, New Zealand, the September 15, 2011 7.3 event in Fiji and the March 11, 2011 9.0 Japan event. The next timeline event is expected to take place according to our calculations on March 22, 2012 at 4:58:34 UTC, when Earth will pass through the gravity trough connecting the Sun and a heavy-mass object (HMO) being tracked out of the Leo Constellation. The Earth axis is expected to shift five to six inches like the four-inch shift with Japan event and the three-inch shift with the Chile event.
Saturn is currently in the Virgo Constellation next door to the Leo Constellation where the ringed planet also passed between the Sun and this HMO to develop an extra ring and the super storm now raging in the northern hemisphere. The evidence indicates that Jupiter’s liquefying core, Venus’ slowing rotation with Mars’ and Uranus’ increased seismicity are all perturbations associated with our inbound HMO. The last time Saturn experienced this storm type was thirty years ago, when the planet passed between the Sun and Leo Constellation. Our team is also tracking the U.S. Government response to these threats, which includes Presidential, NASA, DHS and FEMA Preparations.
Our research team anticipates that HAARP multi-frequency wave signatures will begin transmitting on March 19, 2012 at 4:58:34 UTC precisely seventy two hours prior to the expected event. The team also expects to see increased four to six magnitude quake swarm activity at the ‘event’ location. Everyone living in or around a seismic area should be warned to brace for one of the top five seismic events in recorded history on March 22, 2012 right around the equinox.
I have been sending warning messages to the media all along and nobody has responded with a single word. We shall see very soon if the next 'event' on the 188-day cycle is for real or not. My hands are clean and everyone has the opportunity to be warned ...
All the major news outlets are being sent a copy of this March 22, 2012 Press Release WARNING stating that everyone living in or near a seismic zone should be warned to brace for one of the top five earthquake events in recorded history on March 22, 2012 at 4:58:34 UTC. Earth axis is expected to shift five+ inches with the world aquifers, when our planet passes 66,000 miles per hour through a gravity trough connecting the Sun and the inbound heavy-mass object (HMO). I have been sending warning messages to the media all along and nobody has responded with a single word. We shall see very soon if the next 'event' on the 188-day cycle is for real or not. My hands are clean and everyone has the opportunity to be warned ...
Press Release Link: http://terral03.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=369
My website: http://terral03.com/
Some Media Outlet Links: http://www.fair.org/index.php?page=111
Download Paltalk Messenger (free): http://www.paltalk.com/
Terral's Research Group (Education/Other): http://www.paltalk.com/g2/group/1388121500/
Thursday, 15 March 2012
A group of us inc. KEVIN ANNETT,{before we learnt the truth about him} the Canadian so-called truther, went on the AntiPope march from Hyde Park corner, down thru Piccadilly via Trafalgar Square to Whitehall in Oct. 2010 where speeches were given by Tatchell etc. The police tried to arrest me by provoking an argument carried on from the day before on the Friday when they issued an illegal "stop + search" outside Lambeth Palace on me where the pope was visiting, to which i officially complained to the IPCC after who told me to pxxx off. I was wearing a "hollie demands justice" t-shirt and they took great interest and kept asking "who are you with? which group are you with?" I replied "which group are YOU with?"..After that was this march on the Saturday where they duly drew me out of the crowd at the very beginning of the march, about 6 police - the same ones as the day before - and started pushing me around in order i could only think to provoke an argument. Of course i did not retaliate and they duly pxxxed off but stood no more than 4 yards away for the entire march of 3 hours as can be seen in this clip of the march...after 3 stop and search issued on you for literally any reason they can drag u from anywhere anytime and hold u for 24 hours without charge under the terrorism laws, hence my wanting to get rid of this s+s against my name.No chance...sick police force we have now....reupload...b.
When informed of gross irregularities in the courts within her constituency, the MP for Cardiff Central Ms. J. Willott does precisely nothing to stem the appalling behaviour by the judges - instead she changes the point of my email, which is notifying her of gross irregularities in in the courts in her jurisdiction to Maurice not being her constituent - 2 totally different things but inexorably linked. These judges should, and DO, know better but choose not to act correctly:
From: [email protected]
To: [email protected]
Subject: FW: MAURICE KIRK
Date: Mon, 12 Mar 2012 16:25:37 +0000
Dear Mr Graham,
Thank you for your e-mails and your letter about Mr Maurice Kirk.
As you will know Mr Kirk is not my constituent as he lives, as far as I am aware, in Barry, and therefore I am unable to take up his case. The best person to do so is Mr Kirk's local MP, Alun Cairns, who will be able to look into your concerns. Here are his contact details http://www.aluncairns.co.uk/contact/
Even though Cardiff Crown Court is in my constituency, I'm afraid that I am not able to get involved in all legal cases that are heard there. In each case the local MP is the most appropriate person to contact.
I ask each and every one of you to intervene in the appling miscarriages and perversions of justice taking place in Cardiff crown court regarding one MAURICE JOHN KIRK, who has been unfairly targetted and victimised by certain characers in the judiciary and police in South Wales in the past and RIGHT NOW.
Please see the details of certain atrocities in my message to the MP for Cardiff Central Jenny Willott where I try and inform her of the serious perversions and miscarriages of justice taking place by certain dubious characters.
Thanks for your time,
=============================================
From: [email protected]
To: [email protected]
Subject: MAURICE KIRK
Date: Mon, 12 Mar 2012 14:50:46 +0000
Dear Ms. Willott,
As MP for the area which plays a very big part in the unlawful proceedings against one MAURICE JOHN KIRK I have to ask - what are you doing about the unlawful and SHOCKING travesties and perversions of justice concerning Mr. Maurice Kirk?
So many unlawful acts have befallen Mr. Kirk over the years it is truly unspeakable, including atrocious misdemenours happening right now in his court cases - one at Cardiff crown court now - undertaken by certain dubious judges by the names of judges HUGHES and CHARLES.
Maurice Kirk is a supporter and campaigner for the Musa family as many are and this is one of the reasons he is being atrociously punished and denied his rights in the Cardif Crown court and elsewhere.
The long and short of it and just one aspect is a doctor "Tegwyn Williams" has made a fraudulent report stating that Mr. Kirk has a brain tumour and is a danger to the public and should be removed from society forever. The court believes this nonsense, even though there is NO EVIDENCE for any brain tumour, as proper tests for this HAVE NEVER BEEN CARRIED OUT!! The courts in the charges of judges CHARLES and HUGHES are acting as if the fraudulent report is truthful and factual when it is nowhere remotely near that.
What is occurring in Cardiff crown court regarding Mr. MAURICE JOHN KIRK is disgraceful and unlawful, and there should be a proper thorough investigation into the actions of DR. TEGWYN WILLIAMS, his friend and colleague BARBARA WILDING and all the rest of the rotten apples in the barrel who are performing PERVERSIONS OF AND MISCARRIAGES OF JUSTICE, including judges CHARLES and HUGHES respectively, plus others.
Please listen to these recordings i have of Kirks calls to me over the past fortnight whereby Kirk explains the unfair and unjust targetting of him in what is supposed to be fair and just courts of law:
As a representative of the people please see to it that PROPER JUSTICE is performed regarding MAURICE JOHN KIRK and stop these kangeroo courts controlled by these dark judges who are complicit in covering up monumental crimes against the State and its people!!
M. Kirks sites are http://www.kirkflyingvet.com + http://www.mauricejohnkirk.wordpress.com and my site with calls etc on from M Kirk is http://www.butlincat.wordpress.com .The attatchments are a document pertaining to Mr. Kirk and a photo of Mr. Kirk at a hospital visit days after being beaten by prison warders at Cardiff prison during his unjust stay there last autumn before his present unjust incarceration.
On the 8 April 2010 8 policemen let themselves in by key to the Musa family home in Haringey North London and removed the Musa's 5 children without any notice or prearrangement. The children were removed on what later were found to be totally untrue allegations made by certain employees at Haringey council. All allegations have been disproven, the allegations ranging from the children not being the Musas offspring and were being trafficked, to the children being beaten and generally mistreated by their parents.
Regarding the child trafficking allegation that the children were not the Musas offspring and they were in fact part of a child trafficking network, DNA tests instigated by the Musa parents, and taking a phenominally long 5 months to undertake and reach a viable result proved without a shadow of a doubt that the children were indeed the Musas children, and the children were in no way being trafficked in any shape or form. After this allegation was disproved other equally ridiculous allegations were made to keep the children from returning to their once happy home. One such allegation that was made was that Gloria Musa was an active sex worker - a prostitute - who plied her trade in front of her church congregation and also in front of her children. She is, in fact. an ordained bishop in the Evangelical Church of Africa and is not and has never been what this allegation alleges. This ridiculous allegation was made with no evidence of any kind to substantiate it yet the court believed this nonsense, along with other unsubstantiated allegations such as the children being beaten by the parents, even though medical examinations made when the council took the children showed no sign of anything to back their allegations of cruelty by the parents towards their children. Even though the allegations were proven groundless never was it mentioned that the children were to be returned to their parents as they should have been, of course. Quite the opposite in fact took place in that a 6th child was removed from the Musa parents, the hitherto unborn baby at the time of the April 8 2010 child removals. The baby Queen Elizabeth was stolen once at her birth, the violence of the police during the removal operation in the hospital at 3 in the morning directly after Gloria the mother had just given birth nearly killing this defenceless mother. The baby was returned later after a matter of weeks, but was stolen again on even more dubious allegations on June 28th 2011, and the parents have not seen the baby since that date. The baby's removal, like the entire case, needs a thorough investigation far away from the despicable corrupted entities that are thriving within this area of London who are dealing with vulnerable defenceless children, and their parents.
During the time the children were removed the eldest, now 11 year old Favour Musa, complained of being "inappropriatly touched" - sexually molested in other words - by the teenage habitee of the foster home she was placed in. Ever since this child complained of this appalling sexual harrassment, over 18 months ago, she has not been seen by any family member or anybody from the Nigerian High Commission - some of whom are actually Godparents to certain Musa children. It is not known whether Favour Musa is alive or dead, or is even in this country as the council refuse to say anything about the child when the parents enquire after her. She has simply vanished.There is a £1000 reward been offered by an anonymous donor for her giving her testimony on video. The council and their cronies have also changed Favours name to "Lizzie". This article on "Parent Alienation Syndrome" shows how changing a childs name,location and lifestyle can turn her away from her loving parents and all she knew before her removal and the subtle changes introduced:
http://www.coeffic.demon.co.uk/pas.htm - .
Although commonly used in divorce cases it can of course be used to alienate parents after the child is moved into a foster home.
Recently on the 28th June 2011 the Musas took their baby to St. Thomas's hospital, London as they thought she seemed to have a fever - a temperature. This was enough for Haringey council to arrange for the police to remove the baby, claiming it had been administered hard drugs, even though tests taken by medical staff at the hospital at the time proved negative for all drugs in not only the baby but also in both parents. Nevertheless an Emergency Protection Order {EPO} was placed on the baby immediatly and she has been removed from the Musa family, even though the reasons for the baby's removal are totally fictional. At a court hearng on the 7th July the judge, who happened to be the original judge who ordered the removal of the other 5 children, believing the Haringey councils allegations, confirmed he would be issuing an Interim Care Order {ICO} on the newly taken baby, thus effectively removing her from the parents care, when a 2 week period was up. This he duly did, and the baby Elizabeth has not now been seen since 28th June, some 8 months ago from the date of her removal. For no contact visits to be allowed during this period is totally illegal, against all orders the court has made regarding the childrens contact visits with their parents, against the "Childrens Act" and against the parents and baby's Human Rights.
After a 6 day factfinding hearing with Sir Nicholas Wall at the Royal Courts of Justice with the president presiding over the case it was deemed, by the "balance of probabilities" that the baby was given drugs which very nearly led to its death and therefore she must be stolen from her parents. This was assumed after much evidence was given by hospital staff and others. There should be an honest investigation into this evidence and I say this as a Mckenzie friend for the defendants who was there at the time for 4 days of this hearing and, quite frankly, was disgusted at everything he saw and heard that took place during his 4 days in the courtroom.
Allegation by the council, in the early stages of this case, were that Gloria Musa was given opium by her stepfather whilst in the UK as a teenager. These are complete lies, yet were part and parcel of the allegations used to remove and keep these childrenis completely untrue. Gloria Musa has no stepfather, has never taken opium at any time, and was not in the UK as a teenager. This is just one totally false allegation fabricated by the council and used in the removal of the Musa children. It has been said by the president of the secret closed family courts that "professionals dont lie". This in itself is an outrageous lie which should be ignored completely always. There is overwhelming evidence of lies being told in this Musa case let alone numerous other now famous caes of child removal in the UK such as the cases of Vicki Haigh, Maureen Spalek, Cheryl Stannard, Eve Pears, the Baylis family and others
Many other irregularities and anomalies exist in this outrageous case, from outright witness intimidation at least 5 people familiar to the Musa parents to police conducting raids with no warrant or legal documentation whatsoever and without the necassary witnesses required by British law. The court orders concerning contact visits with the children have not been adhered to by the agency responsible for them on scores of occasions, and nothing is ever done about this, causing much unneccassary grief, worry and financial hardship to these parents who have been targetted by Haringey council employees and those connected to it. Supporters have written hundreds of emails and many letters sent by postal recorded delivery to MPs and other so-called "authority figures" {such as police and a Chief Constable} all of which have been totally ignored, have made each and every person told absolutely aware of so many irregularities an and crimes committed in this appalling case and who exactly has undertaken what is described. Even so nothing is ever done about anything by anybody clearly and concisely told about the unacceptable events, even when trying to inform them of a 9 year old girl {at the time} being sexually molested by a teenager she was sadly placed at the home of.
The Musa parents were remanded in prison on the 31 November and are still there awaiting trial, which began on 1 Febuary but adjourned yet again until the 29th Febuary because the prosecution legal types hadnt done the necessary work which would allow the case to begin. The cover-up is extreme in this case, with the usual unacceptable court injunctions on its reporting publicly in place. What has gone on is disgraceful and everything needs to be brought into the open, and this case, like so many others, must stop being heard in secret, dark back rooms where hardly anybody is allowed from the family concerned and outrageous orders and restrictions are turned into legal paraphernalia in which everybody suffers completely unjustly without remorse of any kind.
These are the basic facts of this outrageous case but so many more crimes and irregularities exist.
This is a true sworn statement and any further details can be given on request from me John Graham [email protected].
The mystery of Haringey's missing 'Girl X' makes a mockery of the Children Act
The family of a girl taken into care have not seen or heard from her for 10 months, writes Christopher Booker.
Torn apart: the system of child protection is a national scandal
7:00PM BST 11 Jun 2011
The social workers of Haringey are notorious for having failed to prevent the deaths of Baby P and Victoria Climbié. But in their zeal to avoid any repetition of these tragedies, they are now at the forefront of those councils which have pushed the number of children taken into care to an all-time high. In all the cases I have been following where children have been taken from their families for what seem like dubious reasons, no single instance has been more disturbing than the plight of a 10-year-old girl seized by Haringey last year, who seems in the past 10 months to have vanished off the radar.
"Girl X", as I shall call her, was taken into care on the basis of three allegations. One turned out to be so laughably erroneous that it was soon dropped; a second was likewise dropped when medical tests completely disproved the council' s claims. The third, highly questionable, has still not been put to any evidential test.
The last time Girl X was seen by her mother was at a supervised contact session last August. Having complained of sexual abuse by her foster carer's 19-year-old son, she asked to be given, as a birthday present, a journal with a lock in which she could record her "secret thoughts". Since that day she has not been seen by her parents or, since the autumn, by her siblings, who are also in care. It seems she has since been interviewed by three people – an independent social worker, an independent psychiatrist and her guardian, all of whom reported that she wished to see and be reunited with her mother.
No one representing the family has been allowed to see her, including the girl's grandparents, who came from abroad specifically to visit her. Her parents have been forbidden to telephone her or even send a Christmas card. Her whereabouts are a mystery. When I put questions about her to Haringey last year, the council's only response was to ask for a court order forbidding me to refer to the case at all. (It was not granted.)
What makes all this particularly disturbing is that, in several respects, it seems to defy the Children Act, which insists that councils must do all they can to encourage contact between children taken into care and their parents, who continue to share parental responsibility until a child is adopted. "The responsible authority," says the Act, "has a duty to endeavour to promote contact" with the parents and "any relative, friend or other person connected to the child". In particular, parents must be allowed to see medical or school reports relating to their child. The law also insists that, if children are old enough, they should be allowed to appear in court to express their wishes. None of these things has happened.
Related Articles
Parents denied a voice in court against the child-snatchers
05 Mar 2011
The real scandal hidden by gags is what goes on in family courts
28 May 2011
How our judges deny human rights to children taken into care
04 Jun 2011
Why – when even Baby P's mother was last year allowed out of prison to enjoy supervised contact with her surviving children – has Girl X been shut away as a silent prisoner, seemingly denied her rights? What has happened to Girl X?
My last case is so shocking that I will return to it in more detail at a later date. It centres on a London couple who, earlier this year, had their six children seized by social workers on what appears to be flimsy hearsay evidence (I have seen the court papers). The mother was pregnant again. Last month, after the boy was born, three social workers and five policemen entered the hospital ward where she was breastfeeding at 3am, wresting the baby from her by force. They then discovered that they had nowhere to keep him.
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Awareness, action, and collaboration: how the self-advocacy movement is empowering for persons with developmental disabilities.
In response to stigmatization and lack of opportunities in the United States, a self-advocacy movement by and for persons with developmental disabilities has grown. In parallel, in the empowerment literature in the social sciences, authors have sought to conceptualize the process of becoming empowered. There is little in the empowerment literature that fosters an understanding of the self-advocacy movement. In this paper, four relevant principles of empowerment (which concern gaining awareness of societal discrimination, individual rights, and personal strengths; taking action through participation in community organizations; and working collaboratively with supportive advisors) were considered. Through awareness, action, and collaborative support, self-advocates can transform themselves from marginalized targets of discrimination to respected citizens.
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{
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“Let’s troll Bernie and Hillary supporters systematically,” the 4Chan thread on a recent weekend in May read.
The plan was simple: get a bunch of people to create pro-Bernie Sanders and pro-Hillary Clinton accounts and go to war on Twitter. The sham accounts would use hashtags to slander the opposite candidate and try to rile up die-hard fans into saying accusatory things to the supporters on the other side. The goal was to create more divisions and somehow use it to help Donald Trump gain more support.
“We need to take advantage of this,” the author of the original post wrote. “This is Trump's gift. If we're serious about a Trump presidency we need to start infiltrating their conversations in order to sow more divison. I'm talking systematic and long-term /mischief/, not just a hew [sic] minutes trolling dumbass SJW's (social justice warriors).”
According to Greg Hughes—the name the author of the post provided to The Daily Beast—it didn’t pan out as well as intended, despite dozens of comments of approval on the post.
“If the thread and idea was successful it would've spawned a new thread- it didn't,” Hughes, a customer service representative for a logistics company, told The Daily Beast. “No momentum, it just didn't catch fire. Maybe we could still do it but the weekend is over. Nobody has time now.”
Hughes, who says he earnestly wants Trump to win the election, goes by the moniker John J. Miller on Twitter, a reference to the infamous pseudonym Trump used to speak with reporters years ago. He thinks the climate of anonymous liberal back-and-forths, as well as the inherent skepticism between supporters of the two Democratic candidates on Twitter is ripe for a hostile takeover.
“We could've gotten any anti-Bernie or anti-Hillary hashtag we wanted to trend and with nobody the wiser when the fights began,” he explained. Some hashtags Hughes proposed on 4chan were: #BernieSlanders, #BernBroSlanders, #BerniebroTears, #BerniebroSobStories and #PettyBernie.
While his initial efforts may have fallen short of his expectations, it did not go completely unanswered.
On Saturday for instance, someone in the original thread created the account “@1992DavidKelly” which made an effort to stoke animosity.
“It saddens me to see how delusional #BernieSanders supporters are. The numbers don't add up 4 Bernie. Come #imwithher so we can beat Trump,” the account tweeted. It got five retweets, which is considerable given that the account only has seven followers as of this writing.
On Wednesday, another user offered up a similar plan to Hughes’ idea.
“They are going all out to paint Bernie supporters as non-Democrats and selfish ‘white people,’” a new 4chan post read, referring to the media at large.
“This is an excellent wedge that you can exploit by finding Bernie supporters and calling them privileged and entitled white men from the point of view of a Hillary supporter,” the post continued. “Your main goal should be to mock and humiliate Bernie supporters while leaving subtle but unmistakable hints that you're voting for Clinton.”
The poster added, “Remember, if they hate you and you support Clinton, then they will hate Clinton.”
When Hughes began this project, he thought that the infrastructure was already in place to make stoking fights like this an easy process.
“Correct The Record is the greatest gift to Trump ever, let's use it to our advantage and make both sides lose credibility with each other,” he wrote in the original thread.
He’s referring to the pro-Clinton Super PAC which has already engaged in a kind of social media warfare to push back against negative attacks against Clinton, as first reported by The Daily Beast, only adding to the skepticism some Sanders supporters have about their efforts.
If the chaos Hughes hoped to incite would have really panned out, Correct the Record could have been on the offensive against what appeared to be pro-Sanders supporters that were in fact just trolls.
It’s unclear if the PAC’s “Breaking Barriers” project (its anti-negativity campaign) takes into account that certain people may not be forthright in their attacks—or if it’s even possible to assess this.
"Correct the Record's effort to push back on online harassment, Barrier Breakers, is dedicated to responding to any hateful, incendiary language,” communications director Elizabeth Shappell told The Daily Beast. “This is a general election-focused initiative, and currently, the Barrier Breakers content is exclusively positive.”
Hughes’ plan also may not have turned into a firestorm because some Sanders supporters caught wind of the idea before it could really get off the ground.
“Dear Admins (or whoever else wants to see what the other side is doing to troll us)... These idiots created a website on specific strategies to troll us,” Tam L. Cocar wrote, referring to the thread in the “Bernie Believers” Facebook group. “Unfortunately, a lot of it seems too familiar as of late. So if you have hours to waste to see how elaborate their trolling strategy has become (they seem deluded enough to fancy themselves as 007 types), please do. Why some moron would post this without the site being password protected I don't understand.”
Yet even the presence of the thread was enough to convince Cocar that Clinton supporters may have been behind it in what would be the double-cross of the century.
“I think it's paid Shillary trolls - posing as Trump trolls - in a slimy effort to somehow get us NOT to vote for him & align with her if she steals the nomination,” she commented on her own post. “She & her super pacs are THAT devious. They left this link hanging out there on one of their pages.”
Cocar did not respond to requests for comment from The Daily Beast.
But other Sanders supporters, like Eric Varney who runs the “By Sanders Supporters, For Sanders Supporters” Facebook page said he doesn’t think people would fall for this.
“An attempt like this would only work with people who are uneducated about the political system and do not know how to debate civilly,” Varney told The Daily Beast. “Neither the majority of Clinton or Sanders supporters are stupid. There are ignorant people on both sides who would fight the wind if it whistled wrong. But that's the nature of social media.”
Yet he remained skeptical of Correct the Record and cited a debunked conspiracy that Clinton supporters got pro-Sanders Facebook pages taken down after reporting them for child pornography.
It’s this rift and mistrust that people like Hughes hope to exploit.
“It's not enough to troll for fun, you have to complete [sic] sever the ties that bind them for good -a pressure movement for Bernie to disavow HRC,” he wrote in his original thread.
“Even if you didn't get Bernie to do it, imagine thousands of Sanders supports [sic] chanting our hashtag at rallies, the news reporting on it. That would mean millions of Bernie supports would not vote for Hillary. Vote for Stein. Honestly I think them voting Trump is a non-starter.”
And maybe being outed was all part of the plan.
“Even if we're caught, it fucking makes them mistrust each other,” he wrote. “The wound is there, the limb just has to be severed.”
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/// @ref core
/// @file glm/ext/matrix_float4x3_precision.hpp
#pragma once
#include "../detail/type_mat4x3.hpp"
namespace glm
{
/// @addtogroup core_matrix_precision
/// @{
/// 4 columns of 3 components matrix of single-precision floating-point numbers using low precision arithmetic in term of ULPs.
///
/// @see <a href="http://www.opengl.org/registry/doc/GLSLangSpec.4.20.8.pdf">GLSL 4.20.8 specification, section 4.1.6 Matrices</a>
/// @see <a href="http://www.opengl.org/registry/doc/GLSLangSpec.4.20.8.pdf">GLSL 4.20.8 specification, section 4.7.2 Precision Qualifier</a>
typedef mat<4, 3, float, lowp> lowp_mat4x3;
/// 4 columns of 3 components matrix of single-precision floating-point numbers using medium precision arithmetic in term of ULPs.
///
/// @see <a href="http://www.opengl.org/registry/doc/GLSLangSpec.4.20.8.pdf">GLSL 4.20.8 specification, section 4.1.6 Matrices</a>
/// @see <a href="http://www.opengl.org/registry/doc/GLSLangSpec.4.20.8.pdf">GLSL 4.20.8 specification, section 4.7.2 Precision Qualifier</a>
typedef mat<4, 3, float, mediump> mediump_mat4x3;
/// 4 columns of 3 components matrix of single-precision floating-point numbers using high precision arithmetic in term of ULPs.
///
/// @see <a href="http://www.opengl.org/registry/doc/GLSLangSpec.4.20.8.pdf">GLSL 4.20.8 specification, section 4.1.6 Matrices</a>
/// @see <a href="http://www.opengl.org/registry/doc/GLSLangSpec.4.20.8.pdf">GLSL 4.20.8 specification, section 4.7.2 Precision Qualifier</a>
typedef mat<4, 3, float, highp> highp_mat4x3;
/// @}
}//namespace glm
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{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
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|
Development of H1e histone linker-specific antibodies by means of synthetic peptides.
A large body of data suggests that the linker histones family (H1) affects gene expression. Investigation of the linker histones role is then of a major interest in cell cycle studies with implications in gene therapy. Indeed, it has been shown that in most tissues a switch of histone subtypes occurs when the cells cease to divide. To investigate linker histone role in gene or transgene expression, an antibody against subtypes of H1 would be useful for immunoprecipitation experiments and further assays measuring H1subtypes-DNA interactions in living cells. In order to produce an antibody against the H1e subtype of linker histones, two synthetic peptides derived from two regions of the H1e mouse histone protein were examined for their potential, [as keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) conjugates] to elicit polyclonal anti-H1e antibodies in New Zealand white rabbits. Selection of the peptide sequences was based on amino acid differences within the different classes of histones and between mice and rabbit histones as well. The evaluation of their potential immunogenic properties was based on examination of peptide hydropathy using predicting algorithms. Immunoglobulins (IgG) obtained from immunized and nonimmunized rabbits were tested using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) procedures, Western immunoblot, and immunofluorescence experiments. Results showed that the selected synthetic peptides gave rise to a high-titer polyclonal antibody able to recognize the H1e histone under various conditions. This polyclonal antibody did not cross-react with other histones. To our knowledge, this is the first antibody produced against the mouse H1e linker histone.
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The lengthy, killer, fabulous dark haired is right here to stroke, tit-fuck and gargle your baloney stick in Level-of-Glance, the one method to lens a Jugs & Tugs as it fellates you in and there is no man-face in the best way. Right here we now have Jugs, Tugs & Tongue. There may be additionally some lovely face-banging act with Eva on her again getting her gullet crammed. We have now spoke a pile about titjob with Eva. “Titty-fucking posterior occur in make-out,” Eva says. “So… say the man is up right here frolicking with my boobies and places his schlong inbetween my bumpers, that is fine. Essentially the most period of time that you just posterior spend earlier than in reality attending to my puss is the greatest as a result of it is indeed, indeed, indeed getting warm and troubled after which the ejaculation is finer.”
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Marcia Resnick
Marcia Resnick (born 1950) is a photographer, author, and graphic artist. She was born in Brooklyn, New York in 1950 and lives in New York, New York.
Publications and exhibitions
Resnick's book of photographs and text, Punks, Poets, and Provocateurs:New York City Bad Boys, 1977-1982, published November 10, 2015, has an Afterword written by Anthony Haden-Guest, and a contribution by Victor Bockris. An earlier book, published in 1978 by Resnick was Re-visions, which is now out of print.
In 2016, the exhibition Marcia Resnick, Conception: Vintage Photographs 1974-1976 was shown at Deborah Bell Photographs gallery and reviewed by L'oeil de la photographie (the Eye of Photography magazine).
Photographic subjects
Her photographs of musicians of that milieu appear on their album covers and are copyrighted in most cases by both her and the album producers. Many of her subjects were devotees of CBGB, the Mudd Club, Max's Kansas City, and KCB Bar. Among the subjects of her photographs are John Belushi, David Byrne, Iggy Pop, John Lydon, Mick Jagger, Andy Warhol, William Burroughs, and Allen Ginsberg.
Education, teaching, and journalism
Resnick studied at Cooper Union and New York University before going to graduate school at The California Institute of the Arts, where she studied with John Baldessari and Allen Kaprow. Back in New York, she taught at Queens College and NYU and worked for SoHo Weekly News and New York Magazine.
References
Category:American graphic designers
Category:1950 births
Category:Living people
Category:American women photographers
Category:Album-cover and concert-poster artists
Category:Women graphic designers
Category:Punk people
Category:Photography academics
Category:Artists from Brooklyn
Category:Queens College, City University of New York faculty
Category:New York University faculty
Category:California Institute of the Arts alumni
Category:Cooper Union alumni
Category:New York University alumni
Category:20th-century American photographers
Category:21st-century American photographers
Category:20th-century American women artists
Category:21st-century American women artists
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{
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Q:
Implicitly converting int to double
So, I'm a tad confused. I was under the impression that this should work:
In this case, both a and b are ints (Counters to be exact).
As the result of a / b may possibly contain decimal places, ints obviously won't work.
Therefore, I delared a new double and performed the calculation inside it like this:
double texturefactor = ((a / b) * 10);
This doesn't work as I expected, and the result of a / b is always that which I would get if I performed the calculation using an int to store the results.
On the other hand, this works:
double calculate1 = a;
double calculate2 = b;
double texturefactor = ((calculate1 / calculate2) * 10);
Couple of perhaps stupid questions-
1. I'm sure this ought to work- I know that in certain situations VS will complain that I've tried to implicitly convert from one type to another- That's what I'm trying to do! Why doesn't it, and have I missed something? :)
2. Should I just convert the counters a and b to doubles and save myself the trouble of the conversion, or is that trouble?
A:
The result of a / b is another integer, so even if you do this, the damage has already been done:
double texturefactor = ((a / b) * 10);
Try casting one of your inner variables to a double:
var texturefactor = (( (double)a / b) * 10);
The result of (double)a / b will be a double, and you won't lose your fraction.
To answer your second question:
Should I just convert the counters a and b to doubles
That'd work too. If you change those to double, then you wouldn't have to perform the above cast.
A:
The expression, including the types of subexpressions, is evaluated from inside to outside:
double texturefactor = ((a / b) * 10);
When the compiler analyses a / b, it has no idea that the result will later on be converted to double, so it just compiles the computation as an integer division.
Explicitly casting one of the two operands to double right there is enough to avoid that confusion:
double texturefactor = (((double)a / b) * 10);
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En una reunión donde estuvieron presentes los presidentes y directores ejecutivos de la Liga Argentina de Béisbol (LAB), la Liga de Béisbol Organizado de Chile (LBOC) y el Emelec de Ecuador (quien tomó el compromiso de sumar nuevos actores en Ecuador y liderar la creación de una Liga Ecuatoriana de Béisbol Organizado), acordaron y sentaron las bases para la creación de la Asociación Sudamericana de Béisbol Organizado (ASBO).
Este proyecto servirá para desarrollar el talento joven para su inserción en el béisbol profesional, el incremento de la alta competencia y el nivel a través de torneos de calidad, creando un frente común sudamericano para relacionarlos con organizaciones superiores a nivel internacional como MLB, ALBP y CBPC y bregando por el crecimiento organizado de los miembros y la calidad de sus competencias.
En los próximos días se desarrollarán las bases legales de la Asociación, sus estatutos, órganos y dirigencia, reglamentos de la competencia, códigos de ética, penas, etc.
Liga Argentina
Esta noche a las 20.30 se jugará una fecha más de la Liga Argentina con el duelo de punteros entre Infernales y Águilas en el diamante espinaca.
Por otro lado, el sábado a las 15.30, en el diamante de Cachorros, Vikingos y Águilas tendrán su partido televisado por la señal de Canal 10.
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It's hard to believe now, but at one point Resident Evil was the gold standard in the horror survival genre. Now with the direction of the series in question, an HD version of the remake shows that sometimes all gamers want is a little old-fashioned.
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851 So.2d 446 (2002)
Laura LOCKE
v.
CITY OF MOBILE.
1011741.
Supreme Court of Alabama.
November 22, 2002.
*447 John W. Parker, Mobile, for appellant.
Mark L. Redditt of Peters & Redditt, P.C., Mobile, for appellee.
LYONS, Justice.
Laura Locke appeals from a summary judgment in favor of the City of Mobile. Locke, who owns a house in the Azalea and Cottage Hill area of Mobile, alleges that the City negligently maintained the drainage system in her neighborhood and that its negligent maintenance of the system resulted in the flooding of her property. Because we conclude that Locke failed to present substantial evidence showing that the City's negligent maintenance of the drainage system proximately caused the flooding of her property, we affirm.
I. Factual and Procedural History
Locke resides at 3974 Hillcrest Lane West in Mobile. The house was built in 1968, and Locke purchased the property in 1995. The original portion of the house was built on piers; however, before Locke purchased the house, a 24-foot by 24-foot addition had been constructed on a concrete slab. Since Locke purchased the house, the addition has flooded on several occasions, and her yard has flooded at least twice.[1]
Locke testified that she first contacted the public works department of the City of Mobile in March 1997 when she noticed that "leaves and everything had come from the street up" into her yard. Locke was uncertain whether the drains were actually clogged or if the problem was caused by heavy rainfall. She has no knowledge whether the City sent a maintenance crew to clean the drain in response to her telephone call because she left town after she made the telephone call. When she returned, the leaves were gone; however, she attributed the removal of the leaves to her yardman. The record does not include any other specific telephone calls to the City by Locke or her neighbors requesting that the City maintain the drains. In referring generally to other calls she made to the City, Locke stated that "[the City] [does] come out when I call, but it's not on a regular basis." Locke also testified that she did not know how often the City maintained the drains or if the City had a scheduled maintenance plan.
On April 1, 1999, Locke sued the City of Mobile, alleging negligent design, construction, and maintenance of the drainage system. Locke claims that the flooding *448 was a direct and proximate consequence of the City's negligence, which she said resulted in damage to her home and personal belongings. Locke also seeks compensation for her physical pain, severe inconvenience, and mental anguish.
The City filed a motion for a summary judgment, claiming that Locke failed to present (1) substantial evidence indicating that the City had negligently designed, constructed, or maintained the drainage system and (2) substantial evidence indicating that any alleged negligence on the part of the City had proximately caused the flooding of her property. With its summary-judgment motion, the City submitted excerpts from the deposition testimony of Locke and her engineering expert, Kenneth Underwood, in order to show that Locke was unable to link the flooding of her property to the City's alleged negligent maintenance of the drains. Locke filed a response in opposition to the City's summary-judgment motion; that response included her own deposition testimony as well as that of Underwood and Robert Vogtner, an engineer for the City of Mobile. Based upon the parties' briefs and the materials submitted to it, the trial court held that Locke had failed to present substantial evidence from which a jury could reasonably infer that "the City of Mobile's design, construction, or maintenance of the drainage system in [Locke's] neighborhood proximately caused the flooding of [her] property" and entered a summary judgment in favor of the City.
II. Standard of Review
"A motion for summary judgment is granted only when the evidence demonstrates that `there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law.' Rule 56(c), Ala. R. Civ. P." Reichert v. City of Mobile, 776 So.2d 761, 764 (Ala.2000). To defeat a properly supported motion for a summary judgment, the nonmoving party must present substantial evidence creating a genuine issue of material fact. "Substantial evidence" is "evidence of such weight and quality that fair-minded persons in the exercise of impartial judgment can reasonably infer the existence of the fact sought to be proved." West v. Founders Life Assurance Co. of Florida, 547 So.2d 870, 871 (Ala.1989). Our review of a summary judgment is de novo, and we review a summary judgment in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party, applying "the same standard as that of the trial court in determining whether the evidence before the court made out a genuine issue of material fact." Bussey v. John Deere Co., 531 So.2d 860, 862 (Ala.1988); System Dynamics Int'l, Inc. v. Boykin, 683 So.2d 419, 420 (Ala. 1996).
III. Negligent Maintenance
In order to prevail on its motion for a summary judgment, the City was not required to prove that the flooding was not a result of its negligent maintenance. See Ex parte General Motors Corp., 769 So.2d 903, 909 (Ala.1999).
"`If the burden of proof at trial is on the nonmovant, the movant may satisfy the Rule 56[, Ala. R. Civ. P.,] burden of production either by submitting affirmative evidence that negates an essential element in the nonmovant's claim or, assuming discovery has been completed, by demonstrating to the trial court that the nonmovant's evidence is insufficient to establish an essential element of the nonmovant's claim.'"
Id. (quoting Justice Houston's special concurrence in Berner v. Caldwell, 543 So.2d 686, 691 (Ala.1989), overruling Berner and adopting Justice Houston's special concurrence in Berner as the accurate statement of the law.) (emphasis omitted). The City, *449 as previously noted, submitted excerpts from the depositions of Locke and her engineering expert that sufficiently discharged its burden by demonstrating the insufficiency of Locke's evidence on the essential element of her claimnegligent maintenance as the proximate cause of the flooding. The burden then shifted to Locke to present substantial evidence indicating that the flooding was proximately caused by the City's negligent maintenance. Reichert, 776 So.2d at 765-66. The issue on appeal is whether Locke presented substantial evidence showing that the City's alleged negligent failure to maintain the drainage system in her neighborhood proximately caused the flooding of her property.[2] In her appeal to this Court, Locke does not argue the theories of negligent design and construction she advanced in her complaint.
Locke argues that she presented substantial evidence showing that the flooding of her home was caused by the City's negligent failure to maintain the drainage system in her neighborhood. The City argues that Locke provided no evidence relating any specific failure by the City to maintain the drainage system to a specific flooding event. The City also claims that the testimony of Locke's engineering expert was inadmissible, because, it says, he based his opinion upon inadmissible information provided to him by Locke's counsel. Because we find that Locke failed to present substantial evidence linking the flooding of her property to the negligence of the City, regardless of the alleged inadmissible testimony of Locke's expert, we need not discuss whether that testimony was admissible.
To prove proximate cause, Locke presented her own testimony and that of Underwood.[3] According to Underwood, the flooding of Locke's property was not a result of excessive rainfall or a defect in the design of the drainage system. After eliminating those possibilities, Underwood attributed the flooding to a maintenance problem. Underwood explained his process of elimination as follows:
"My understanding is that there have been problems with blockage through time. I have reviewed no City records. This is what I've been told. And knowing that rainfallthe rainfall datadoes not indicate that the 10-year rainfall event has been equaled or exceeded or not even close to that, the chance of excessive rainfall causing the problem, in my opinion, has been eliminated.
"The design aspect of it, I don't have the design computations to review. This was done by an engineering firm; Norden Engineering Company, consulting engineers. It was approved by the County. The County accepted this. [It] signed off on it, the County engineer did in 1968, so I am assuming that the design was correct.
"The maintenance aspect of it is the only mechanism whereby I can see that failure can occur. Rainfall was not the *450 problem, and in my opinion, the design is not the problem. It is the maintenance or the lack thereof where the problem comes from, and it's a system, if it's blocked, it can't flow the water. I don't know of any other factor to consider in this matter."
The trial court based its ruling, in part, on its finding that Underwood was unaware of any evidence of a maintenance problem and that Underwood did not know of any particular maintenance problem that led to a specific flooding event on Locke's property. Based upon a review of the record, we agree that Underwood was unaware of any specific maintenance problem. Any expert who must resort to the process of elimination for his or her conclusion by necessity has no specific knowledge.
Although we affirm the trial court's summary judgment in favor of the City, we do not wish to be understood as concluding that Underwood's methodologyusing a process of eliminationcannot create circumstantial evidence on which an expert can base his or her opinion. Werth v. Makita Elec. Works, Ltd., 950 F.2d 643, 651-52 (10th Cir.1991) (expert should have been permitted to testify, having expressed his opinion based on the implicit elimination of any other possible causes); Gichner v. Antonio Troiano Tile & Marble Co., 410 F.2d 238, 247 (D.C.Cir.1969) (expert who eliminated all potential causes of fire, except one, may in some circumstances provide the basis of a court's final decision; "Bearing on the credibility of such testimony is the thoroughness with which the expert identifies all the potential causes and the soundness of his reasoning in eliminating each one."); Texas & Pacific Ry. v. Watson, 190 U.S. 287, 289-90, 23 S.Ct. 681, 47 L.Ed. 1057 (1903) ("Evidence of the surrounding circumstances and conditions which by a process of exclusion would have tended to establish that the burning of the cotton could not have been caused other than by the locomotive in question would, we think, have been clearly relevant."). The validity of an expert's opinion based on a process of elimination thus depends on the trial court's satisfaction with the expert's credentials[4] and the bases for his or her ruling out other causes.
Underwood concluded by a process of elimination that the flooding was caused by faulty maintenance of the drainage system. Underwood's process of elimination would logically support an inference that the flooding resulted from a blockage. A blockage, however, does not necessarily mean negligent maintenance; a blockage could occur as well from the sudden and unforeseeable deposit of some foreign object or material as from the gradual accumulation of foreseeable debris that prudent maintenance would prevent. If the flooding resulted from some sudden and unforeseeable deposit, the issue of the City's negligence would depend on, among other factors, whether or not the City had notice of that particular deposit. Reading the trial court's order as finding a lack of evidence indicating negligent maintenance, which was the gravamen of Locke's claim, we must, as explained below, affirm.
Underwood's process failed to eliminate all possible causes for the flooding other than the City's negligence in maintaining the drainage system. Underwood observed the property on February 22, 2001, approximately four years after the date of the first flooding and almost two years after the filing of the complaint. Underwood testified that "[i]f what [he] saw today *451 is any indication of the situation in the past, then the storm drain to the west of [Locke] is what caused the problem with [the water] bypass." However, Underwood did not review any City work-crew reports or provide any evidence linking the flooding to the City's negligent maintenance. Underwood's personal observation merely showed that the drains were blocked on a particular day but presented no evidence of the City's latest inspection of the drains and/or the City's notice of the condition of the drains on that particular day. Underwood suggested that the City needed to conduct routine inspections, "especially in the areas where drainage problems exist or where flooding problems are persistent." However, the record before us fails to outline the City's maintenance plan, and we cannot assume that the City does not regularly inspect the drains as Underwood recommended.
Locke's own testimony also failed to provide the necessary evidence attributing the maintenance problem to the negligence of the City. To rebut the City's allegation that she failed to present substantial evidence of a maintenance problem, Locke made the following assertion:
"To the contrary, Ms. Locke has testified that there was no regular program of maintenance along Hillcrest Lane and that the drains at her home and at Azalea Road to the east were blocked. She further testified that she would call the City, and on occasion they would react after a flooding problem to clean the drain[s]. Therefore, there is testimony in the record that there was a maintenance problem in the area of Hillcrest Lane, contrary to the Appellee, City of Mobile's assertion in [its] brief."
(Locke's reply brief, at pp. 7-8; emphasis in original.) However, after reviewing the record, we find that Locke was unaware of the City's maintenance program. She testified that maintenance was not performed on a regular basis; yet she later stated that she did not know how often the City maintained the drains or if the City had a maintenance schedule.
In Kmart Corp. v. Bassett, 769 So.2d 282 (Ala.2000), the plaintiff, in order to defeat Kmart's summary-judgment motion, attempted to present substantial evidence showing that Kmart's negligent failure to maintain its automatic doors with reasonable care resulted in the plaintiff's fall and her subsequent injuries. The plaintiff presented the following evidence, which, she argued, constituted substantial evidence creating a genuine issue of material fact as to her negligence claim:
"[The plaintiff] argues that she presented evidence indicating that the company that installed the doors sold maintenance contracts as part of its business; that Kmart had no maintenance contract for the doors; that Kmart had a policy of waiting until the doors needed repair or maintenance before calling someone to work on them; that the Kmart store manager ... knew that the doors occasionally malfunctioned by failing to work at all; and that without preventive maintenance, automatic doors will malfunction or stop working properly."
769 So.2d at 285. The plaintiff's fall occurred less than seven months after the most recent inspection of the automatic doors. Id. The plaintiff's own expert testified that inspecting the doors every six months constituted reasonable maintenance; "[h]owever, [the plaintiff's expert] did not testify that a failure to inspect the doors for a period exceeding six months would have been unreasonable." 769 So.2d at 285. We affirmed the summary judgement in favor of Kmart, yet noted that "[t]his case would be quite different if [the plaintiff's expert] had been asked about, and had described, a point beyond *452 which Kmart's failure to inspect the doors would have been unreasonable maintenance and if that period had elapsed before [the plaintiff's] accident occurred...." 769 So.2d at 285 n. 3.
The plaintiff's injuries in Kmart were allegedly caused by a malfunctioning of the automatic doors. However, the plaintiff failed to provide evidence indicating that the malfunction was caused by Kmart's failure to use reasonable care to maintain the doors. Here, Locke presented evidence tending to show that the flooding was a result of a maintenance problem. However, she failed to link this cause to any alleged negligent maintenance by the City. As in Kmart, the case before us would be quite different if Underwood or Locke had provided evidence of a point beyond which the City's maintenance of the drains would be considered negligent.
Locke relies on several cases that recognize a City's continuing duty to maintain its drainage system. However, in each case cited by Locke, the plaintiffs presented substantial evidence of negligence so as to meet the applicable burden of proof. For example, Locke cites Lee v. City of Anniston, 722 So.2d 755 (Ala.1998), a case in which this Court reversed a summary judgment for the City of Anniston. The plaintiff in Lee sued the City alleging that it negligently designed or constructed a storm-sewer system causing the plaintiff's son to drown in an inlet pit during a storm. 722 So.2d at 757. The plaintiff also alleged that the City knew or should have known that safety devices were required to warn individuals of the dangers of the inlet pit. Id. The plaintiff's expert testified that the pipe in the inlet pit was negligently installed and that that negligent installation created a foreseeable danger during major storms. Id. at 759. Further testimony established that the City was on inquiry notice of the dangers of the unmarked inlet pits. A newspaper reporter had previously posed a young lady in the channel to show the depth of the water; she lost her footing and was pulled through a pipe in the inlet pit. Id. at 760.
Unlike the evidence in Lee, Underwood's testimony failed to eliminate causes other than the negligent maintenance of the City for the drainage problem. Locke's own testimony establishes that she was unaware of the City's maintenance plan or schedule. Furthermore, Locke presented no evidence to show that the City was placed on notice of the drainage problems and that it subsequently failed to respond. See Reichert, 776 So.2d at 766 (reversing a summary judgment, in part, when the expert testified that the City's failure to maintain storm-water culverts contributed to flooding and that the City's permits for development would increase the discharge of surface water); see also City of Mobile v. Jackson, 474 So.2d 644, 646 (Ala.1985) (affirming a judgment on a jury verdict in favor of the plaintiff when evidence showed that the plaintiff informed the City of drainage problems and the City failed to act upon the recommendations of the city engineer to remedy the flooding).
In her reply brief to this Court, Locke summarized her evidence, stating that "[w]hile [she] could not, as it is submitted any reasonable person could not, assert the exact condition of the drains on each exact flood date, a general pattern of lack of maintenance existed through and including the flood dates at issue." (Locke's reply brief, at p. 8.) Locke's only evidence supporting her allegation of a general lack of maintenance consists of her testimony (1) that the clogged drains have been a persistent, constant problem, (2) that the only times she witnessed the City actually cleaning the drains were in response to her telephone calls to the City, and (3) that the City would clean the drains after her calls, but not on a regular basis, although she also said that she did not know whether *453 the City had a maintenance schedule for the drains. For all that appears, the obstruction causing the drains not to function occurred at the time of or immediately before the rainfall that led to the flooding, a circumstance not consistent with negligent maintenance.
Locke failed to present substantial evidence indicating that the maintenance problems existed for such a length of time that constructive notice of the drainage buildup could be imputed to the City and/or that the City had actual notice of the problem and failed to respond. Compare Lee, supra, and Carson v. City of Prichard, 709 So.2d 1199, 1203 (Ala.1998) (affirming a judgment on a jury verdict in favor of the plaintiff when evidence showed that the Board knew of the sewage overflow problem, yet failed to act upon the engineer's recommendations to remedy the problem), with Speer v. Pin Palace Bowling Alley, 599 So.2d 1140 (Ala.1992) (affirming a summary judgment in favor of bowling alley when the plaintiff failed to present evidence indicating that the bowling alley had actual or constructive notice of the substance on the floor that allegedly caused the plaintiff to slip and fall). Because Locke failed to meet her burden of proof, the City is entitled to a summary judgment as a matter of law.
IV. Conclusion
Because we find that Locke failed to provide substantial evidence of negligent maintenance on the part of the City, we affirm the summary judgment in favor of the City.
AFFIRMED.
MOORE, C.J., and HOUSTON, JOHNSTONE, and WOODALL, JJ., concur.
NOTES
[1] In her initial complaint, Locke alleges that her property flooded in January 1998, March 1998, and March 1999. Locke amended her complaint to include the additional dates of June 1999 and November 1999. Locke's deposition testimony also includes the dates of May 1997 and July 1997. The two dates on which only Locke's yard flooded are March 1999 and June 1999.
[2] The duty of the City to maintain the drainage system is not an issue in the present case. "Pursuant to Ala.Code 1975, §§ 11-50-50 to -56, `municipalities are authorized to construct and maintain drainage systems.'" Lee v. City of Anniston, 722 So.2d 755, 757 (Ala.1998) (quoting City of Mobile v. Jackson, 474 So.2d 644, 649 (Ala.1985)). A municipality is not required to exercise this authority; however, once it does, a duty of care arises and a municipality becomes liable for its own negligence. Id. Locke presented the testimony of Vogtner, an engineer for the City of Mobile, who stated that the streets surrounding Locke's property were city streets, which the City undertook a duty to maintain.
[3] Kenneth Underwood is a retired engineer; before he retired he worked for the United States Corps of Engineers. He has over 34 years of experience as a resident engineer.
[4] See Advisory Committee's Notes to Ala. R. Evid. 702 ("Much discretion remains vested in the trial judge to determine whether a proffered witness qualifies as an expert.").
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547 F.3d 1207 (2008)
UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee,
v.
Richard MILLER, Defendant-Appellant.
No. 07-30481.
United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.
Argued and Submitted August 6, 2008.
Filed November 7, 2008.
*1208 Nicolas V. Vieth, Federal Defender Services of Idaho, for the defendant-appellant.
Thomas E. Moss, United States Attorney; Michelle R. Mallard, Assistant United States Attorney, United States Attorney's Office, for plaintiff-appellee.
Before: HARRY PREGERSON, WILLIAM C. CANBY, JR., and JOHN T. NOONAN, Circuit Judges.
PREGERSON, Circuit Judge:
I. Introduction
A. Background
Richard Miller appeals the district court's denial of his "Motion to Dismiss Revocation Petition and Request for Immediate Release from Custody" ("Motion to Dismiss"). Relying primarily on United States v. Sullivan, 504 F.3d 969 (9th Cir. 2007), Miller argues that the district court lacked jurisdiction to revoke his supervised release and sentence him because, according to Miller, at the time the violation occurred, his supervised release term had ended.
We affirm the district court's conclusion that Sullivan does not apply here. Unlike the defendant in Sullivan, Miller was transferred to the Bannock County Jail Work Release Program[1] (hereinafter "Bannock County Jail" or "Work Release Program") while still serving his federal sentence. This transfer occurred pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 3624(c), under which Miller remained "imprisoned" and under the custody of the Bureau of Prisons ("BOP") until his release from Bannock County Jail. 18 U.S.C. § 3624(c) (2008), amended by Pub.L. 110-117, Title V, § 505, Jan. 7, 2008, 121 Stat. 2542.[2]Sullivan, by contrast, involved a state prisoner in Montana who, while serving a state sentence, was transferred to a Montana state pre-release center.
We agree with the district court that the time that Miller spent at Bannock County Jail constituted "imprisonment," and not, as Miller contends, supervised release. Miller's supervised release term therefore did not commence until his release from the Bannock County Jail Work Release Program. Accordingly, the district court did have jurisdiction to revoke Miller's supervised release and sentence him to fourteen months imprisonment and twenty-one months of supervised release. We therefore AFFIRM the district court's denial of Miller's Motion to Dismiss.
B. Facts
In September 2002, Richard Miller was charged in Utah with possession of ammunition *1209 by a convicted felon in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(1).[3] On January 31, 2003, Miller entered a guilty plea and was sentenced to thirty months in custody and three years of supervised release. On March 27, 2003, Miller entered the Federal Correctional Institution in Florence, Colorado to begin his prison sentence.
Approximately fifteen months into his thirty-month sentence, on June 22, 2004, Miller was transferred to the Bannock County Jail Work Release Program in Pocatello, Idaho. Miller's transfer was pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 3624(c), which requires the Bureau of Prisons to provide for a pre-release program where practicable during the last six months of a person's incarceration. United States v. Miller, 2007 WL 4261929, at *1 (D.Idaho Nov.30, 2007). During his incarceration at Bannock County Jail, Miller was required to "go directly to [his] place of employment and[,] at the end of each workday, return directly to the jail following work." And, during his incarceration, Miller was required to attend counseling sessions, receive treatment, and make nominal "subsistence payments" to Bannock County for sustenance and for his housing.
Under the terms of the Work Release Program, Miller remained under the custody of the BOP while he was incarcerated at Bannock County Jail. Miller was also required to follow and abide by all rules set forth by Bannock County Jail and the Bureau of Prisons. The Work Release Program's terms stated that "willful failure to return to[Miller's] place of confinement at the time specified by the jail officials" could be considered an "escape" or an "absconding."
Miller remained at Bannock County Jail until October 6, 2004, when he sustained a work-related injury to his hand. The injury prevented Miller from continuing his job. As a result, Miller was placed on house arrest beginning October 6, 2004 and ending December 17, 2004.[4] The following day, December 18, 2004, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 3605, the Utah Federal District Court transferred jurisdiction from the District of Utah to the District of Idaho. The order, entitled "Transfer of Jurisdiction," also stated that Miller's three-year supervised release term was set to commence on December 18, 2004 and terminate on December 17, 2007.
On August 4-5, 2007, Miller was stopped for a traffic violation. The officers determined that Miller was under the influence of drugs and then seized 2.2 grams of methamphetamine and various drug paraphernalia from Miller's vehicle. Miller admitted to and tested positive for methamphetamine use. On August 7, 2007, the government filed a petition alleging that Miller had violated the terms of his supervised release ("First Supervised Release Petition"). On September 11, 2007, the district court sentenced Miller to one month imprisonment with credit for time served and thirty-five months of additional supervised release.
Approximately two months later, on October 18-19, 2007, Miller tested positive for methamphetamine use and was charged with associating with persons engaged in criminal activities, failing to submit for a mandatory drug test, and operating a motor vehicle. On October 30, 2007, the government filed a second petition *1210 ("Second Supervised Release Petition") alleging that Miller violated his supervised release terms.
On November 19, 2007, Miller moved to dismiss the government's Second Supervised Release Petition for lack of jurisdiction. The Idaho Federal District Court denied Miller's motion and his timely appeal is before us.
II. Discussion
A. The Parties' Contentions
Miller asserts that the district court lacked jurisdiction to revoke his supervised release and sentence him to an additional fourteen months imprisonment and twenty-one months of supervised release. Specifically, Miller argues that the Idaho Federal District Court erred in finding that his three-year supervision period commenced on December 18, 2004, the date that Miller was released from Bannock County Jail. Instead, Miller argues, his three-year supervised release period began on June 22, 2004, the date that he was transferred to Bannock County Jail, and ended on June 21, 2007.
In short, Miller's theory is this: time spent in a pre-release center such as Bannock County Jail does not, under any circumstances, constitute "imprisonment" under § 3624(c). Rather, Miller contends, time spent in a pre-release center constitutes supervised release. Miller relies on Sullivan for this proposition. Miller argues that Sullivan requires us to conclude that his supervised release term commenced on the date that he was transferred to the Bannock County Jail Work Release Program, despite the fact that the transfer occurred while Miller was still serving his federal sentence. Therefore, Miller contends, the Idaho Federal District Court lacked jurisdiction to revoke his supervised release and sentence him for his August and October 2007 supervised release violations, because, as Miller argues, his supervised release term ended on June 21, 2007.
The government contendsand we agreethat Sullivan, which involved a state prisoner serving a state sentence, does not apply here. Miller's confinement as a federal prisoner serving a federal sentence at Bannock County Jail did constitute "imprisonment;" the time that he spent in the Bannock County Jail Work Release Program was not part of Miller's supervised release term. According to the governmentand, as the district court concludedMiller's three-year supervised release term commenced on December 18, 2004, the date that he was released from Bannock County Jail, and ended three years later on December 17, 2007. Therefore, the district court did have jurisdiction to revoke Miller's supervised release and sentence him for the August and October 2007 violations.
B. Analysis
1. Statutory Scheme
Section 3621 of Title 18 of the United States Code provides:
(a) Commitment to custody of Bureau of Prisons. A person who has been sentenced to a term of imprisonment . . . shall be committed to the custody of the [BOP] until the expiration of the term imposed, or until earlier released for satisfactory behavior pursuant to the provisions of section 3624.
(b) Place of imprisonment.The Bureau of Prisons shall designate the place of the prisoner's imprisonment. The [BOP] may designate any available penal or correctional facility that meets minimum standards . . . established by the [BOP], whether maintained by the Federal Government or otherwise and whether within or without the judicial district in which the person was convicted, that the [BOP] determines to be appropriate and suitable. . . .
*1211 18 U.S.C. § 3621 (2008), amended by Pub.L. No. 109-248, Title VI, § 622, July 27, 2006, 120 Stat. 634.[5] Section 3621 gives the BOP considerable discretion in assigning a person to a particular facility whether or not that facility is maintained by the federal governmentfor purposes of serving a term of imprisonment. Regardless of where the BOP elects to transfer a person, she or he remains under BOP custody until the prescribed term of "imprisonment" expires.
As the district court underscored, the BOP's authority is made explicit, and the effect of such a placement is plainly stated in § 3624(c) and (e), which provide, in pertinent part:
(c) Pre-release custody.The Bureau of Prisons shall, to the extent practicable, assure that a prisoner serving a term of imprisonment spends a reasonable part, not to exceed six months, of the last 10 per centum of the term to be served under conditions that will afford the prisoner a reasonable opportunity to adjust to and prepare for the prisoner's re-entry into the community.
. . .
(e) Supervision after release.A prisoner whose sentence includes a term of supervised release after imprisonment shall be released by the [BOP] to the supervision of a probation officer who shall, during the term imposed, supervise the person released to the degree warranted by the conditions specified by the sentencing court. The term of supervised release commences on the day the person is released from imprisonment. . . .
§ 3624 (emphasis added). Read together, Sections 3621(b) and 3624(c) give the BOP explicit authority to "designate the place of the prisoner's imprisonment," § 3621(b), and "spend[ ] a reasonable part . . . of the[term of imprisonment] to be served [in] conditions that . . . prepare for the prisoner's reentry into the community." § 3624(c).
2. United States v. Sullivan
Relying exclusively on United States v. Sullivan, Miller urges us to conclude that his transfer to Bannock County Jail on June 22, 2004, just fifteen months into his thirty-month sentence, marked the beginning of his federal supervised release term. But we agree with the district court that "context provides important distinctions" and that "Sullivan's holding is applicable only to substantially similar factual circumstances." Miller, at *3. Unlike Millerwho was serving a federal sentence at the time of his transfer to the Work Release Programthe defendant in Sullivan was serving a state sentence when transferred to a Montana state pre-release center. The two cases are substantially different.
Sullivan involved a defendant who was concurrently serving three sentences: (1) a federal sentence of eighteen months followed by three years of supervised release; (2) a five-year state sentence; and (3) a twenty-year state sentence with ten years suspended. 504 F.3d at 970. The Sullivan court noted that "all of Sullivan's time in custody, other than in a Pre-Release Center, tolled his term of supervised release." Id. At the time of his transfer to the Montana state pre-release center, Sullivan had completed the federal portion of the three concurrent sentences.[6] 504 F.3d at 970.
Sullivan argued that his supervised release began on the day he was transferred *1212 to the Montana state pre-release center. To support his argument, Sullivan relied primarily on § 3624(e), which states that "supervised release commences on the day [that a] person is released from imprisonment." In Sullivan, the government disagreed, arguing that Sullivan's supervised release commenced only upon his release from the Montana state pre-release center. The crucial issue before the Sullivan court was whether Sullivan's detention in the Montana state pre-release center constituted "imprisonment" under § 3624(e). Sullivan, 504 F.3d at 971.
To determine "the type of confinement that controls commencement and tolling of supervised release time," our court focused on the definition of the term "imprisonment" as it is used in § 3624(e). Sullivan, 504 F.3d at 971. The Sullivan court stated:
The Supreme Court has held that detention at a community treatment center, where the defendant is not subject to the control of the Bureau of Prisons, is not "imprisonment" and therefore cannot be credited against a defendant's prison sentence.
Id. (citing Reno v. Koray, 515 U.S. 50, 59, 115 S.Ct. 2021, 132 L.Ed.2d 46 (1995)) (emphasis added). Because Sullivan was serving a state sentenceand therefore was no longer under BOP custody at the time of his transfer to the Montana state pre-release centerthe time that he spent there did not constitute "imprisonment" under § 3624(e). Therefore, the Sullivan court held, the time that Sullivan spent in the Montana state pre-release centera period of time which commenced while Sullivan was serving a state sentencedid not constitute "imprisonment" under § 3624(e). 504 F.3d 969. Sullivan's supervised release term commenced on the date that he was transferred to the Montana state pre-release center.
Miller overlooks the critical distinction between the case at hand and Sullivan. Whereas Sullivan was transferred to the Montana state pre-release center while serving a state sentence, Miller was transferred to the Bannock County Jail Work Release Program during, and as part of, his federal sentence and pursuant to the mandate of § 3624(c), which defines the pre-release component as part of the term of imprisonment.[7] § 3624(c). Unlike Miller, Sullivan was not under BOP custody when he was transferred to the Montana state pre-release program. Miller, at *2. *1213 Because Miller remained under BOP custody while he was at Bannock County Jail, his supervised release did notand could notcommence until he was released from the Work Release Program.
III. Conclusion
The district court properly held that Sullivan does not apply here. Unlike Miller, the defendant in Sullivan had already completed his federal sentence and was no longer under BOP custody at the time that he was transferred to the Montana state pre-release center. See also Rivera v. Clark, 2008 WL 340653, at *5 (N.D.Cal. Feb.5, 2008) (reasoning that § 3624(c) and 3624(e) "clearly contemplates that when an inmate is transferred from a federal prison to a federal [pre-release center], he or she remains `imprisoned'");[8]see also United States v. Regen, 551 F.Supp.2d 963 (C.D.Cal.2008) (holding that defendant's "confinement in [a pre-release center] was still part of his term of federal imprisonment [because], unlike in Sullivan, it was a form of detention that was `subject to the control of the Bureau of Prisons.'" (quoting Sullivan, 504 F.3d at 971)). The Bannock County Jail Work Release Program was part of Miller's term of imprisonment. His transfer to Bannock County Jail, which occurred pursuant to the BOP's authority as outlined in § 3624(c), did not constitute the beginning of Miller's supervised release term.
For the reasons discussed above, we AFFIRM the district court's denial of Miller's Motion to Dismiss.
AFFIRMED.
NOTES
[1] Such pre-release programs are also commonly referred to as halfway houses, community corrections centers, work release programs and residential reentry centers.
[2] All references herein to this statute are to the version of 18 U.S.C. § 3624 effective January 7, 2008 to April 8, 2008.
[3] Miller was stopped for a minor traffic infraction: driving without registration or a driver's license. Officers also found certain drug paraphernalia consistent with the sale or distribution of methamphetamine and ammunition.
[4] Miller's placement on house arrest after his injury was consistent with 18 U.S.C. § 3624(c)(2), which authorizes the Bureau of Prisons to "place a prisoner in home confinement" for a limited period of time. 18 U.S.C. § 3624(c)(2).
[5] All references herein to this statute are to the version of § 3621 that was effective July 27, 2006 to April 8, 2008.
[6] Even though Sullivan's factual findings are not before us, Miller argues that the district court erred in distinguishing Sullivan by erroneously relying on the fact that Sullivan had completed his federal sentenceand was therefore serving his two state sentencesat the time of his transfer to the Montana state pre-release center. Petr.'s Br. 4, n. 2.
The district court addressed Miller's concern and resolved the issue, noting that, "although [it is] unclear from the decision [in Sullivan, Sullivan's] brief states that after discharging his federal sentence, he was released on state parole." Miller, at *2, n. 3. That is to say that when Sullivan was later imprisoned on a state parole violation, Sullivan had already completed his federal sentence. 504 F.3d at 970. On that basis, Judge Winmill properly distinguished Sullivan who, unlike Miller, was transferred to the Montana state pre-release center only after Sullivan's federal sentence had ended. We agree with the district court's cogent analysis.
[7] The district court adequately articulated Miller's erroneous reliance on Sullivan:
At first blush, it would appear that Sullivan stands for the proposition that pre-release programs are not imprisonment in any context. However, context provides important distinctions and reveals that Sullivan's holding is applicable only to substantially similar factual circumstances; i.e., where an individual has completed his federal sentence but is still serving a concurrent state sentence and is sent to a state pre-release center. Here, [Miller] was placed in pre-release custody at the end of his federal sentence.
Miller, at *3 (emphasis added).
[8] Rivera further contemplated the logical fallacy that would result if we were to read Sullivan the way that Miller does: an inmate's supervised release term would begin upon her or his transfer to a pre-release center and "the inmate would never complete [her or his] term of imprisonment." Rivera, 2008 WL 340653, at *5.
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{
"pile_set_name": "FreeLaw"
}
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National Register of Historic Places listings in Cottle County, Texas
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Cottle County, Texas.
This is intended to be a complete list of properties and districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Cottle County, Texas. There is one district listed on the National Register in the county. The district includes one property that is both a State Antiquities Landmark and a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark.
Current listings
The locations of National Register properties and districts may be seen in a mapping service provided.
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See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Texas
Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks in Cottle County
References
External links
Category:Cottle County, Texas
Cottle County
Category:Buildings and structures in Cottle County, Texas
*
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{
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
}
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WHEN American inventor Leonard Norcross tried out his latest gadget he needed a river and a willing test subject.
The year was 1834 and Norcross, better known for agricultural inventions, had been tinkering with a special suit that would enable people to dive deep beneath the waves. It was made of elastic Indian rubber-backed cloth, recently invented by Goodyear, attached to a metal helmet that formed a watertight seal. Hoses connected the helmet to an air supply — a set of bellows on the surface of the water.
When Norcross tried his invention in the Webb River in Maine, in the US, it proved to be non-fatal and allowed his test pilot to walk freely underwater. He applied for a patent which was granted on, June 14 in 1834. It was the first fully enclosed diving suit, using the innovation of elastic rubber to fill the suit with air and keep the diver relatively dry. To counteract the buoyancy, the diver’s boots were weighted down with iron shot.
Norcross was not the first person to make an underwater suit; two other patents had been issued earlier that year. But while his differed from previous suits by using rubber, he built on past inventions, just as inventors after him would continue to refine suits into the modern scuba diving era.
media_camera Leonard Norcross, the American inventor who pioneered the diving suit.
For centuries before Norcross, people had been dreaming of being able to swim or walk freely under the water for more than a few minutes at a time.
Greek philosopher Aristotle described in the 4th century BC how some men used an upturned metal cauldron to go under water because the cauldron “does not fill with water but retains the air”.
According to a 15th century legend, Alexander the Great made a descent underwater in a sealed glass barrel, but he would have suffocated in minutes without an air supply.
media_camera Nick Paspaley, in a heavy diver’s suit, is assisted by his sister Mary as he prepares to dive for pearls in Broome in the early 1930s.
In the early 16th century Italian artist and inventor Leonardo da Vinci sketched designs for a diving suit made of leather. It had a bag-like mask attached to bamboo tubes and connected to a cork float on the surface which allowed the diver to draw breath. He also suggested using a leather wineskin of compressed air which would allow men to move without being attached to the float. There even was a sac for the diver to urinate into and steel rings inside the suit to counteract the pressure. It was designed for soldiers to attack ships from underwater.
Da Vinci also sketched designs for a diving bell. The design, realised by Italian scientist Guglielmo de Lorena, was used by men in 1531 to dive on emperor Caligula’s pleasure galleys beneath the waters of Lake Nemi near Rome, the first-known successful use of a diving bell.
Edmund Halley, better known as an astronomer, drew designs for an improved diving bell in 1691. Part of his innovative system involved men wearing a smaller diving bell on their head, attached by a hose to the mother diving bell, so that they could move free of the bigger craft. But the suit proved impractical until it was improved by John Lethbridge, who, in 1715, completely enclosed the suit to keep in the oxygen. This system was used to salvage cargo from shipwrecks, but also helped with diving for pearls, sponges and coral. Later, it was also used for underwater construction works, such as pylons for bridges.
media_camera Explorer and filmmaker Jacques Cousteau preparing to dive in TV documentary.
French military officer and inventor Chevalier Pierre Remy de Beauve came up with a diving suit design in 1715 which had an enclosed helmet supplied with air from the surface using a bellows pump, but had another hose to extract the diver’s expelled breath.
By the end of the 18th century, diving suits with an enclosed spherical metal helmet were becoming widely used, with improvements to pump technology and valves to allow the air to flow properly, such as the exhaust valve on the helmet invented by Auguste Siebe in the 1830s. Norcross also improved on the airtight suit with his rubberised design in 1834.
In 1865 saw the first experiments using a compressed air tank for diving instead of being tethered to the surface by air hoses. It took decades of tinkering before it became practical for divers to breathe underwater by carrying their own compressed air.
In 1933 Yves Le Prieur invented a valve that could provide air on demand from a compressed air tank, but regulating the air flow was a problem. That was solved when Jacques Cousteau and Gagnan designed the aqualung in 1943.
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Senate Finance Committee Chairman Chuck Grassley Charles (Chuck) Ernest GrassleyGOP lawmakers distance themselves from Trump comments on transfer of power The Hill's 12:30 Report: Ginsburg lies in repose Top GOP senators say Hunter Biden's work 'cast a shadow' over Obama Ukraine policy MORE (R-Iowa) said Wednesday that Republicans' 2017 tax-cut law championed by President Trump Donald John TrumpBiden says voters should choose who nominates Supreme Court justice Trump, Biden will not shake hands at first debate due to COVID-19 Pelosi: Trump Supreme Court pick 'threatens' Affordable Care Act MORE hasn't been politically helpful for Republicans.
When asked if he's concerned that the tax law will be a drag on Trump as he runs for reelection, Grassley told reporters he doesn't see the law as a liability "but it definitely hasn't been any help to us."
Sunday marks the two-year anniversary of when Trump signed the GOP tax reform package into law.
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The legislation cut tax rates for people across the income spectrum, but has never become overwhelmingly popular. Some polls released earlier this year found that only about one in five adults think they got a tax cut under the law, even though analysts estimate that a majority of people received a tax cut for 2018.
Grassley said he can understand why "salaried people and wage earners" possibly don't realize that they got a tax cut, if that cut took the form of slightly smaller paychecks throughout the year.
"You don't notice it, so you don't even think about it," he said.
The Finance Committee chairman's comments echo remarks he made in a speech on the Senate floor on Tuesday, when he praised the tax law for delivering tax cuts to the middle class and small businesses.
"I spent 10 years on an assembly line in Cedar Falls, Iowa, and probably if I got a 50-cent tax cut every week, I wouldn't know at the end of the year that that added up to $250 more in my pocket," he said. "So under the circumstances of the working men and women of America, it might be difficult to know that. But studies show the great benefit to the middle class families of this tax cut. So thanks to these historic tax cuts and reforms, Americans do in fact have more money in their paychecks and their pocketbooks."
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Grassley was also asked Wednesday about analyses that have found that wealthy people have received a larger benefit from the reforms than others.
The senator said that such data could be liability unless Republicans can make clear that the highest earners are "actually going to be paying a larger share of the income tax coming into the country."
The Joint Committee on Taxation (JCT), Congress's tax scorekeeper, estimated in December 2017 that, in calendar year 2019, those making at least $1 million will pay 19.8 percent of federal taxes, compared to 19.3 percent if the tax law wasn't passed. But the Tax Policy Center, a joint project of the Urban Institute and the Brookings Institution, estimated last year that for 2018, taxpayers with income between about $308,000 and $733,000 would see the biggest tax cut as a share of their after-tax incomes.
Rep. Kevin Brady Kevin Patrick BradyBusinesses, states pass on Trump payroll tax deferral Trump order on drug prices faces long road to finish line On The Money: US deficit hits trillion amid pandemic | McConnell: Chance for relief deal 'doesn't look that good' | House employees won't have payroll taxes deferred MORE (Texas), the top Republican on the House Ways and Means Committee, said he thinks that the GOP tax law will work in Trump's favor, and that it serves as a good contrast between Trump and Democratic presidential candidates who lay awake "at night thinking of new taxes to impose on the American public."
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I remember when cartoons were a little less PC than today, but––man!––I spent Memorial Day drinking rosé and watching old Looney Toons episodes off of Amazon, and they were much more liberal with their content back in the day. I grew up on these animated programs, but I never really understood what was going on until yesterday. For example, Speedy Gonzales spends this episode ("Tabasco Road") chasing around his tequila-drunken friends, while they sing songs about getting boracho and smoking weed.
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"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
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Q:
Physicist trying to understand GIT quotient
I am reading Nakajima's textbook on Hilbert Schemes. I am trying to understand some very basic facts about the GIT quotient.
We start with a vector space $V$ over $\mathbb{C}$. Let $G \subset U(V)$ be a Lie group and $G^{\mathbb{C}}$ its complexification so I guess $G^{\mathbb{C}} \subset GL_V$. I will denote by $G$ the complexification from now on.
Apparently $V/G$ is a very badly behaved space. I do not know really why though. I can imagine that there might be some singularities but can they not be resolved e.g. by blowing up? Also, why sometimes this space is not Hausdorff?
Now, let $A(V)$ be the coordinate ring of $V$. Nakajima says something I did not know, that the $A(V)$ is the same as the symmetric power of the dual space $V^*$.
$$ A(V) = Sym^n(V^*) $$
Why is this true? I have to admit that this seems very basic and I did not know about it.
Next I learn that $G$ has a natural action on $V$ i.e. $v \mapsto gv$ for $g \in G$ and $v \in V$. Then, this induces an action on $A(V)$. We define $$ A(V)^G = \{ {\text{polynomials }a | ga =a \text{ for }\forall g\in G } \}$$
the ring of invariant (polynomials). Finally we define the algebro-geometric quotient of $V$ by $G$ as
$$ Spec(A(V)^G)=V//G $$
To me this is the space of prime ideals that are invariant under $G$. But I do not see how exactly this is related to the original space we wanted to construct. It seems quite different actually.
Intuitively what is this space $V//G$ and why is it useful?
P.S. Nakajima says: The underlying space of $V//G$ is the set of closed $G$-orbits modulo the equivalence relation defined by $x \backsim y$ if some specific condition, that I do not mention here, holds.
A:
Apparently $V/G$ is a very badly behaved space. I do not know really why though. I can imagine that there might be some singularities but can they not be resolved e.g. by blowing up? Also, why sometimes this space is not Hausdorff?
The simplest way to think about this is just to consider an example, and the best one is probably the following:
Consider the action of $\mathbb C^* = \mathbb C -0$ on $\mathbb C^2$, where the action is given by
$$(x,y) \mapsto (\lambda x, \lambda^{-1} y) $$
What are the orbits for this action? There are the orbits of the form $xy = c \neq 0$ for any complex number $c$. Then there axial orbits $\{ (x,0) : x \neq 0\}$ and $\{ (0,y): y \neq 0\}$. Finally there is the zero orbit, which just contains one point $0$.
The vast majority of the orbits are of the first type, which suggest the quotient $\mathbb C^2 /\mathbb C^*$ should be $\mathbb C$, but then the question remains, what happens to the other orbits? The axial orbits and the zero orbit all lie arbitrarily close to one another (a sequence of points in the axial orbits can converge to zero, but zero is not in the orbit). Therefore the resulting space taking the quotient naively would be $\mathbb C$, but with three copies of the $0$ point, which is a non-Hausdorff space. Since we are quotienting a variety, we would hope to get another variety, and this is clearly not one.
GIT deals with this by declaring any orbit which contains zero in the closure to be unstable, and the quotient is defined only on the (poly)stable points (I don't want to go into what stability means, since it's a bit complicated and there are multiple competing definitions. I'll link some stuff to read if you want to know more at the bottom.)
To me this is the space of prime ideals that are invariant under $G$. But I do not see how exactly this is related to the original space we wanted to construct. It seems quite different actually.
Intuitively what is this space $V//G$ and why is it useful?
Again, best to think of an example. In the example above, the polynomial ring associated to the variety $\mathbb C^2$ is the whole polynomial ring in two variables $\mathbb C[x,y]$. Then under the action above, a polynomial $f(x,y)$ gets sent to $f(\lambda x, \lambda^{-1} y)$, and we see therefore that the polynomial $f = xy$ is invariant under the action of $\mathbb C^*$. It's not hard to show that all invariant polynomials are generated by this one, so the invariant ring is
$$ \mathbb C[x,y]^{\mathbb C^*} = \mathbb C[xy]$$
It's clear then that
$$\operatorname{Spec}(\mathbb C[x,y]^{\mathbb C^*}) = \operatorname{Spec}(\mathbb C[xy]) = \mathbb C,$$
and in this we see that since the axial orbits and the zero orbit all lie in the same invariant class ($xy =0$); hence the GIT quotient treats all 3 as equivalent.
(Try and do this example again for yourself but with a different space and a different action. It's a good exercise. The only way to get your head around this stuff is lots of examples in my opinion.)
As for why the GIT quotient is useful: well, it's the correct quotient to use in algebraic geometry. Since taking quotients is so common in geometry, it's no suprise that mathematicians want a good theory about how to do it. Most interesting to me personally is how it relates to the symplectic reduction through the Kempf-Ness theorem. That's projective GIT, and that's the really interesting bit to me. There's also infinite-dimensional analogue of the Kempf-Ness theorem that concerns the theory of connections on principal $U(n)$-bundles upto gauge equivalence.
Anyway some resources. I learnt GIT and symplectic reduction from the notes by Richard Thomas. There's also a book by Dolgachev on Invariant theory that's pretty good for an algebraic perspective, and the original GIT was of course found in the book by Mumford. I believe the latest edition has some stuff on symplectic reduction as well. There's also a book on invariants and moduli by Mukai which is simply brilliant. I'm currently writing some stuff about this for my master's project, I'll link it here when I'm done.
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{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
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Winter Safety Tips
Author: HCF Management
January 31, 2017
Share
WINTER HAZARDS AND HOW TO PROTECT YOURSELF
Brrr! Cold weather is tough on everyone, but ice, snow and cold temperatures can cause a wide range of health concerns—especially for older adults. So, it’s important for seniors to take extra precautions when the temperature takes a dip.
If your body temperature drops below 95 degrees, seek medical assistance. Remove wet clothing and wrap up in a warm blanket. Do not take a hot shower or bath — it can cause shock.
FROSTBITE
Frostbite occurs when tissues freeze after being exposed to extremely cold temperatures. It most often affects the nose, ears, cheeks, chin, fingers or toes.
Warning signs:
Painful, prickly or itching sensation
Skin is white, ashy or grayish-yellow
Skin feels hard or waxy
Numbness
Clumsiness due to muscle and joint stiffness
Blistering, in severe cases
Precautions to take:
Dress warm and cover up when you’re out in cold weather.
Go inside right away if you skin starts hurting or turns red.
If frostbite occurs, seek medical attention as soon as possible. Remove wet clothing and wrap up in a warm blanket. Soak affected area in warm, not hot, water. Do not rub frostbitten skin – it can cause more damage. Do not use a heat lamp, hair dryer, heating pad or fireplace for warming – frostbitten skin can be easily burned.
CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING
Carbon Monoxide (CO) is an odorless gas that you can’t see, smell or taste — it’s toxic. When inhaled, it can cause brain damage or even death. Carbon monoxide poisoning is a much bigger risk during the cold-weather months due increased exposure to carbon monoxide from faulty stoves, fireplaces and heaters.
Warning signs:
Headache
Weakness
Nausea or vomiting
Dizziness
Confusion
Blurred vision
Loss of consciousness
Precautions to take:
Have your chimneys and flues inspected every year.
Crack a window when using a kerosene heater.
Install smoke and carbon monoxide detectors throughout your home.
Don’t heat your home using a gas stove or charcoal grill.
Don’t run your car in the garage.
If you experience the signs and symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning, get outside immediately and call for help.
FALLS
Falls are the leading cause of fatal and non-fatal injuries for people 65 years and older and can result in broken bones, lacerations and head injuries. The risk for falls, trips and slips increases with snow and ice.
Precautions to take:
Plan ahead. Plan your outings around the weather. Wait until the weather and pathways clear.
Wear shoes with good traction and non-skid soles indoors and out.
Walk with a cane or walking stick.
Once indoors, change out of your wet shoes to avoid slipping.
Clear snow and ice from driveways and sidewalks.
Take short steps and walk at a slower pace when walking on a slippery surface.
HEART ATTACKS
Exposure to colder temperatures can cause strain on your heart—blood vessels constrict, reducing the blood flow to your heart. Basically, your heart has to work double time to keep you warm. Shoveling snow or any other strenuous exercise during cold weather can increase your risk of a heart attack.
Warning signs:
Chest pain and irregular heart beat
Shortness of breath
Sudden fatigue or dizziness
Sweating
Nausea and vomiting
Precautions to take:
Warm up before shoveling snow or working in cold temperatures.
Take frequent breaks.
Wear layers to regulate your body temperature.
If you experience the signs and symptoms of a heart attack, don’t ignore them. Seek medical attention immediately.
Stay alert this winter and use these strategies to stay safe and healthy. Spring will be here before you know it!
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Serbs in Spain
Serbs in Spain () or Spanish Serbs, is a Spanish citizen of Serb ethnic descent or Serbia-born person who resides in Spain. According to the 2008 census, there was 3,133 Serbian citizens in Spain. According to estimations, there are 7,000 Serbs in Spain.
Notable people
Radomir Antić, Serbian football manager
Miroslav Djukić, Serbian football manager
Arpad Sterbik, Serbian-born Spanish handball player
Bojan Krkić, Spanish football player
Sergej Milinković-Savić, Serbian footballer born in Lleida
Vanja Milinković-Savić, Serbian footballer born in Ourense
References
External links
Visit of Bishop Luka of Western Europe to Alicante
Category:Serbian diaspora
Category:Serbian Orthodox Church in Spain
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{
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
}
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Correlations between uptake of technetium, calcium, phosphate, and mineralization in rat tibial bone repair.
Technetium-99m-(99mTc) phosphates are extensively used for detection of bone formation and resorption. The present is a study of 99mTc incorporation during bone remodeling. Uptake of 99mTc-labeled phosphate was studied in an animal model of primary osteogenesis following tibial marrow injury and incorporation was correlated to that of calcium-47 (47Ca), phosphorus-32 (32P), and with matrix vesicle calcification. Isotope uptake on Day 6 in the whole bone was increased compared to controls. On this day, an increase in vesicular diameter and distance from the calcified front was previously observed. Technetium-99m-labeled phosphates were detected only in the organic phase. Phosphorus-32 and 47Ca were detected in both organic and inorganic phases. It is suggested that 99mTc serves as a specific marker to the anabolic phase of remodeling. Increased incorporation of 99mTc during bone healing indicates enhanced organic matrix formation and not calcification.
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{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
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Update: Sorry, folks, this isn't the plug-in hybrid Chevy Corvette. A statement from Chevrolet spokesman Chris Bonelli reads: "The snowy car in your pictures is actually a very early test mule for the 2020 Stingray. The orange cable sticking out of the front hood is simply for ease of access to the 12V battery. We used this for a lot of testing that required running accessories, so this was an easy way to keep the battery charged when doing so without running the engine all the time."
Before General Motor unveiled the all-new 2020 Chevy Corvette C8 last July, rumors of a hybrid, plug-in, and electric model were already swirling. Those rumors swelled in the hours after the car's debut when a member of the Corvette team hinted that some form of electrification for the car was a possibility. In August, spy photos of a camouflaged Corvette appeared to show the car with a strange cord popping through the hood. Now, new spy photos show another Corvette with unusual hood accessories that seem to indicate some form of electric assist.
The new photos appear to show a cable jutting out from the hood next to a T-shaped button that's likely an emergency shut-down trigger. While it's unlikely this is the final position for any electric plug the Corvette may need in the future, rumors suggest that if GM electrified the Corvette, it could do so with an electric motor driving the front axle. That'd make the car all-wheel drive.
Save Thousands On A New Chevrolet Corvette MSRP $ 56,995 MSRP $ 56,995 Save on average over $3,400 off MSRP* with
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The photos show no other changes to the Corvette as it doesn't look any different than your standard 2020 Corvette Stingray with the Z51 package. It's not clear if the electric motor would pair with the car's current 6.2-liter engine. However, the photographer noted the exhaust note sounded like that of a V6 engine. Our sources indicate that this model is expected to be analogous to the Stingray model while offering hybridized power. There are rumors Chevy could pair an electric motor with a twin-turbocharged 5.5-liter V8 that'd produce a total output of nearly 1,000 horsepower (745 kilowatts).
Gallery: Chevy Corvette Plug-In Hybrid Spy Photos
17 Photos
It's a question of when, not if, the Corvette receives an electrical boost. In December, Corvette chief engineer Tadge Juechter was upfront about the reality facing the Corvette – GM's plan to produce only zero-emissions vehicles. That would include the Corvette if GM wants to continue selling it.
Electrifying the Corvette would take more than adding some batteries and a motor. Engineers need to guarantee the increase in power and performance capability outweighs the extra weight of an electric motor and battery pack. We'll have to wait for Chevy to reveal more about its plan for the Corvette going forward.
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* Clock bindings for NXP i.MX8M Mini
Required properties:
- compatible: Should be "fsl,imx8mm-ccm"
- reg: Address and length of the register set
- #clock-cells: Should be <1>
- clocks: list of clock specifiers, must contain an entry for each required
entry in clock-names
- clock-names: should include the following entries:
- "osc_32k"
- "osc_24m"
- "clk_ext1"
- "clk_ext2"
- "clk_ext3"
- "clk_ext4"
clk: clock-controller@30380000 {
compatible = "fsl,imx8mm-ccm";
reg = <0x0 0x30380000 0x0 0x10000>;
#clock-cells = <1>;
clocks = <&osc_32k>, <&osc_24m>, <&clk_ext1>, <&clk_ext2>,
<&clk_ext3>, <&clk_ext4>;
clock-names = "osc_32k", "osc_24m", "clk_ext1", "clk_ext2",
"clk_ext3", "clk_ext4";
};
The clock consumer should specify the desired clock by having the clock
ID in its "clocks" phandle cell. See include/dt-bindings/clock/imx8mm-clock.h
for the full list of i.MX8M Mini clock IDs.
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"pile_set_name": "Github"
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Redbeard (comics)
Redbeard (French: Barbe-Rouge) is a series of Belgian comic books, originally published in French, created by writer Jean-Michel Charlier and artist Victor Hubinon in 1959.
After their deaths the series was continued by other writers and artists, including Jijé (Joseph Gillain), Christian Gaty, Patrice Pellerin, Jean Ollivier, Christian Perrissin and Marc Bourgne.
Publications
The series was very popular in France, Belgium and The Netherlands, but has not yet been published in English. In the late 1970s and the early 1980s, most of the classic episodes were also published in Yugoslavia (in the Serbian language) under the name Demon s Kariba (Demon of the Caribbean). In Croatia, the series was first published under the name Crvenobradi but later under the name Riđobradi (in the Croatian language). In Germany, the series is known under the name: Der rote Korsar, and in Denmark 5 albums have been published under the name Rødskæg. In the sixties (titled Κοκκινογένης) it was a part of the contents of Greek magazine "Asterix", by Spanos editions In the seventies two episodes were published in Finland, under the name Punaparta, and in Portugal 5 Barba Ruiva albums have been published.
Characters
Redbeard is a pirate of French origin. After a troublesome youth he went roaming the seven seas for gold and fortune on his ship, the Black Falcon. He has gathered a great fortune over the years, most of which was hidden in the Florida Everglades. But a lot of his fortune was needed to buy or repair his ships. He used to have a secret base on an uninhabited island, but this was destroyed first by the British, Spanish and Dutch forces and finally in a volcanic eruption. According to the later spin-off series, his real name supposedly is Jean-Baptiste Cornic.
Eric Lerouge ("the red", although his hair is blond), is the adopted son of Redbeard. In fact, he can be seen as the main character of the series, despite the title, as some episodes deal with Eric and do not feature Redbeard at all. In 1715, Redbeard found young Eric during a raid on a ship, in which Eric's parents were killed. His true name and legacy were revealed later, in documents that Redbeard had taken during the attack. Eric's true name is Thierry de Montfort. He is a nobleman, but the claim to his father's name has been lost, so he feels destined to travel the seas. Eric dislikes the pirate life, however, and does not want to succeed Redbeard, wishing instead to choose to lead an honest life, but many obstacles lay in his path. He has studied at the Royal Navy in London by using a fake name. He tried to earn a living as a captain on a tradeship, but Redbeard keeps coming back into his life, needing him for one of his jobs.
Tripod (called that for his wooden leg and walking stick) is Redbeard's righthand. He is an inventor, geographer, and also has great knowledge of surgery and strategy and speaks Latin fluently. He has multiple wooden legs, each containing hidden tools, medicines, or weapons. One leg is even modified into a rifle.
Baba is an escaped slave of African origin, being abducted by slave traders from the Gulf of Guinea. He was freed by Redbeard, and chose to remain as his loyal servant. Baba is as strong as a bull, and can swim like a dolphin. He had a sister named Aïcha, but she was killed in Algiers while helping Eric to escape.
The Black Falcon is the name of Redbeard's ship. There have been at least four different Falcons, as the ship sometimes was destroyed during battle. This first Falcon was a Brig that was blown up by Redbeard himself after it was captured by the Spanish. The second Black Falcon was a three-masted barque, and it burned while being sieged by the pirate Alvarez. The third Falcon was also a three-masted barque, but with a very narrow hull. It also had extended rigging and bigger sails, that could be raised and lower from the deck itself. Next to regular cannons, it featured two extremely heavy cannons (30 cm caliber), named after Gog and Magog. Also there were 30 connected muskets, that could be fired at once. The ship could also drop Naval mines. Finally, there was a hidden surprise in the form of Greek fire: copper tubes could spray this substance over the water and onto enemy ships. The ship gained its nickname the ship from hell in the siege of Algiers, causing mass mayhem and turning a great portion of the city into ashes. However, it was blown up again by Redbeard, as there was no escape possible from the Dardanelles near Istanbul. The fourth Back Falcon is again a regular three-masted barque.
Asterix parody
Redbeard is parodized in the Asterix comic series. Since the album Asterix the Gladiator, a group of pirates appear in nearly every story, and their ship sinks at almost every meeting. Originally intended as a one-off joke, the pirates' appearance was so successful that they were fully integrated in the Astérix series. They were also featured in both the 1968 animation film Asterix and Cleopatra and the 2002 live-action film Asterix & Obelix: Mission Cleopatra, as well in three other animations: Asterix in Britain, Asterix Conquers America and Asterix and the Vikings.
The parody has its origins in the fact that Jean-Michel Charlier had worked with the authors of Asterix, René Goscinny and Albert Uderzo, in the founding of the Franco-Belgian comics magazine Pilote in 1959. This magazine was the launching vehicle for both Asterix and Redbeard.
Although in several countries of Continental Europe, Redbeard is a popular comic series in its own right, the popularity of Asterix's pirates is one of the few occasions when parody figures have overshadowed their originals.
Historical background
Redbeard's adventures mainly take place in the period between 1715 and 1750.
The character of Redbeard was based on various historical pirates, like the Frenchman Robert Surcouf (1773–1827), as Charlier & Hubinon created three comics about him between 1949 and 1952, and these stories would later be the basis of this series. Also used are stories about the Turkish admiral Hayreddin Barbarossa (1483–1546), whose Italian name Barbarossa means "Red Beard". Parts of his cruel appearance might be based on the notorious Blackbeard, active in the Caribbean Sea, and his fame and successes in the series resembles that of Bartholomew Roberts, who successfully conquered over 450 ships.
A lot of what is going on in the stories is based on real history:
In the first album, we get to know about the Viceroyalty of New Spain consisting of the territories of the Spanish Empire in the New World (North America, Central America, and the Caribbean). In the 18th century, the Spanish were often at war with the British, French, and Dutch.
The album The Brand Of The King takes place in the Mediterranean Sea, where galley slaves were marked with the French "Fleur de lis" symbol, by using a hot stake. This album also featured Barbary pirates.
The Ghost Ship & Dead Man's Island featured the (fictitious) treasure of the historical pirate Henry Morgan.
The Spanish Ambush shows the court of the Spanish Viceroy in Cartagena.
The Letter Of Marque And Reprisal explains the difference between a pirate and a privateer.
Albums 16 through 19 deal with the Ottoman Empire, including Istanbul and Algiers.
The climax of album 19 was based on the Bombardment of Algiers.
Albums 21, 22, and 23 deal with the Aztecs: Although their civilisation was wiped out by the Spanish in about 1520, Redbeard finds a hidden city in the jungle of Yucatán with their last living descendants.
Albums 26, 27, and 28 describe battles between the French and British in the Indian Ocean, especially between French gouvernor Joseph François Dupleix and the Briton Robert Clive. Also mentioned is the Maratha Empire, with its island fortress Suvarnadurg.
Album 28 also features the fictitious daughter of the historical pirate Olivier Levasseur.
Album 33 mentions the "Punchao": a big golden sundisk from an Inti temple, which is eventually found at Machu Picchu.
However, starting from the 31st album, The War Of The Pirates (1997), historical errors start to appear. Writer Jean Ollivier brings Henry Morgan to the series as a living character, becoming the new governor of Jamaica. But the real Morgan died in 1688, and Redbeard's first adventure (album #1) takes place in 1715 — in fact, in album 7, The Ghost Ship (1966), Morgan is mentioned as being dead. In later albums by writer Christian Perrissin and artist Marc Bourgne, the character of Redbeard himself also changes dramatically. He gets more greedy, his love for Eric seems to be fading away, he seems to have no honour anymore, and he gets romantically involved with a girl but eventually he shoots her in the arm (which must then be amputated). None of these character features can be found in any of the previous albums.
Mentioned or visited are the French overseas territories in the New World, including Fort-de-France, Île de la Tortue, New Orleans, Saint Croix, Port-au-Prince, Bourbon, Pondichéry, and Fort Dauphin.
The same is true of their Spanish counterparts, such as Cartagena, Veracruz, Mérida, Puerto Bello, Panama, and Cuzco, and the British territories Barbuda, Barbados, Grand Cayman, Kingston, Jaffna, and Saint-Augustin.
Albums
1: The Broken Compass (1959)
2: The Horror Of The Seven Seas (1960)
3: The Young Captain (1979) * .
4: The Captain Without A Name (1961)
5: The Brand Of The King (1961)
6: Mutiny On The Ocean (1965)
7: The Ghost Ship (1966)
8: Dead Man's Island (1967)
9: The Spanish Ambush (1968)
10: The Downfall Of The Black Falcon (1969)
11: The Reckoning (1970)
12: The Treasure Of Redbeard (1971)
13: The Letter Of Marque And Reprisal (1971)
14: The Liberation Of Fort-de-France (1972)
15: The Invisible Pirate (1972)
16: Fight With The Moors (1973)
17: The Prisoner (1973)
18: The Ship From Hell (1974)
19: Hellfire (1979)
20: Island Of The Missing Ships (1980)
21: The Missing Of The Black Falcon (1982)
22: The Cursed Gold Of Huacapac (1987)
23: The City Of Death (1987)
24: Con With Slaves (1983)
25: Uprise In Jamaica (1987)
26: Pirates in Indian Waters (1991)
27: The Grand-Mongol (1992)
28: The Pirate Of The Merciless (1994)
29: Fight Over Tortuga (1995)
30: Gold And Glory (1996)
31: The War Of The Pirates (1997)
32: The Shadow Of The Devil (1999)
33: The Path Of The Inca (2000)
34: The Secret Of Elisa Davis - part 1 (2001)
35: The Secret Of Elisa Davis - part 2 (2004)
* Previously unpublished chapter, also contains two short prequel stories:
*The Gold Of The San Christobal
*The Cobra
End of the series?
After Victor Hubinon died unexpectedly in 1979, Jijé (Joseph Gillain) took over. But when he also died, the series was almost ended, as Jean-Michel Charlier believed nobody could take over. However, he finally managed to find not one, but two artists: Christian Gaty and Patrice Pellerin. As Charlier wrote in the book "Uprise In Jamaica" (1987): "Why not have two different artists? If James Bond can be played by different actors, so can Redbeard".
Charlier himself died in 1989. The series was then continued by Jean Ollivier and Gaty in 1991, with the addition: "The new adventures", but in 1999, the title was changed back to just 'Redbeard'.
In 2006 the publisher Dargaud announced the end of the series, as it would not be appealing anymore to youngsters, who were the original target audience. Artist Marc Bourgne thinks there will be a comeback of the series somewhere in the future.
Spin-off
Since 1996 there is also a spin-off series, called The Young Years of Redbeard, created by different authors than the main series: the scenario is by Christian Perrissin and the artist is Daniel Redondo.
These stories deal with Redbeard's youth before he was a pirate and how he decided to become one. His name is given as Jean-Baptiste Cornic, a servant of the French king. Also explained is how he lost his eye.
The Brothers Of The Coast (1996)
The Lion Pit (1997)
The Duel Of The Captains (1998)
The Island Of The Red Devil (1999)
The Mutineers Of Port Royal (2001)
TV
In 1997 the animated series Barbe-Rouge was made by the French TF1 and Italian RAI. This series consists of twenty-six 24-minute episodes. It has also been broadcast in England, Republic of Ireland, Zimbabwe and Canada (as "Captain Red Beard"), Norway (as "Kaptein Rødskjegg"), Italy (as "Barbarossa"), and Greece (as "Κοκκινογένης Πειρατής"). The episodes were written by Jean Cubaud, with animation by Pasquale Moreau and Thibault Deschamps of PRH Création Images. In 2005, a DVD with five episodes of the animated Redbeard series was released in France (Barbe-Rouge). Teletoon broadcast the show in Canada during 1998.
References
Barbe-rouge publications dans Pilote BDoubliées
External links
L'integrale Barbe-Rouge
Barbe-Rouge on bedetheque.com
Category:1959 comics debuts
Category:Comics characters introduced in 1959
Category:2006 comics endings
Category:Pilote titles
Category:Dargaud titles
Category:Belgian comic strips
Category:Belgian comics characters
Category:Male characters in comics
Category:Drama comics
Category:Pirate comics
Category:Nautical comics
Category:Fictional pirates
Category:Comics set in the 18th century
Category:Comics adapted into animated series
Category:Comics adapted into television series
Category:Teletoon original series
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{
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
}
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Serum albumin as a determinant of cortisol release in patients with acute ischemic stroke.
Animal studies demonstrated that protein malnutrition increases pituitary-adrenorcortical activity and leads to excessive cortisol release. The aim of our study was to determine the association between serum albumin and cortisol level in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Fifty-nine patients with first-ever ischemic stroke were included. Serum albumin level was measured within 36 h after stroke symptoms onset. Serum cortisol was measured between 36 and 72 h after stroke onset at 6 a.m., 10 a.m., 6 p.m. and 10 p.m. The patients in upper tertile of serum albumin had significantly lower cortisol level measured at 6 a.m. (median with interquartiles: 549.0 [430.4-667.7] nmol/L vs 590.4 [482.8-918.7] nmol/L, P=0.047) and 10 a.m. (402.8 [344.9-510.4] nmol/L vs 634.6 [482.8-827.7] nmol/L, P<0.01) than patients in lower and middle tertiles. On logistic regression analysis adjusted for age and stroke severity, patients in lower and middle tertile of serum albumin had about 7-times higher risk of hypercortisolemia than patients in upper tertile (P<0.01). Low serum albumin level in patients with ischemic stroke is associated with higher serum cortisol level and predisposes to hypercortisolemia.
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{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
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Local
Ford Hopes To Set World Record With Virtual 50th Birthday Card For Mustang
The new 2015 Mustang convertible is viewed on top of the observation deck at the Empire State Building in honor of 50 years of the Ford Mustang on April 16, 2014 in New York City. In 1965 a prototype Ford Mustang convertible made its way to the top of the observation deck. This time the iconic American car had to be brought up in parts and assembled on location. The Mustang will be on display for two days in celebration of the kick-off of the 2014 New York International Auto Show. (Credit: Spencer Platt/Getty Images)
To fuel your love of cars,
DETROIT (WWJ/AP) - Help wish the Ford Mustang a very happy 50th birthday!
April 17 marks 50 years since the Mustang officially went on sale, and Ford is hoping to commemorate the accomplishment with a new world record. People across the globe are being urged to sign an electronic birthday card for the Mustang. To customize and add your birthday message to the virtual card, click here.
Ford says 50,000 signatures and messages are needed to set a new Guinness World Record title.
Ford is also celebrating the 50th anniversary of the Mustang with a limited-edition model and a display atop the Empire State Building.
At the New York International Auto Show on Wednesday, the company revealed the 50 Year Limited Edition. The company will only build 1,964 special cars, honoring the year when the Mustang first went on sale.
“If you don’t like this car, you don’t like cars,” said Executive Chairman Bill Ford, whose first car was an electric green 1975 Mustang.
Earlier in the day, Bill Ford appeared with a bright yellow 2015 Mustang convertible on the 86th floor observation deck of the Empire State Building. It’s the first time a car has been there since 1965, when Ford put a Mustang convertible there.
The car had to be broken into five pieces for the ride up the building’s elevators and reassembled late at night, when the deck is closed to visitors. It will be on display until Friday.
The 50 Year Limited Edition models will come in one of the two colors of Ford’s logo: white or blue. Buyers can choose a manual or automatic transmission.
There are special chrome highlights around the grille, windows and tail lights. The Limited Edition will also be the only 2015 Mustang GT with a faux gas cap badge on the rear, where the original cap sat.
Limited Edition cars will be among the first built when 2015 Mustang production begins later this year. Bill Ford said the company hasn’t yet decided how to allocate them, or what the price will be. In 1964, the Mustang’s starting price was $2,300.
Ford chose to mark the anniversary in New York because the Mustang was first shown here at the 1964 World’s Fair.
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{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
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Folkworks Christmas Ceilidh with Monster Ceilidh Band
‘Young, sassy and innovative’, Monster Ceilidh Band are on a crusade to bring a powerfully modern and un-patronising approach to ceilidh music, dance music, which has its feet in the heritage and tradition of the British Isles.
We have something for everyone; families looking to get into the Christmas spirit with a spectacular show; friends and workmates looking to let their hair down and party the night away; and anyone looking to reflect on what Christmas means to them with a more traditional performance.
Whatever...
Like most websites, we use cookies to facilitate online booking and to ensure we give you the best possible experience on our website. If you continue without changing your settings, we'll assume you're happy to receive cookies. You can learn more about changing your settings in our Privacy Policy.
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{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
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Second generation antidepressants: a comparative review.
The authors review four "second generation" antidepressants (maprotiline, amoxapine, trazodone, and nomifensine) in terms of action on biogenic amines and receptors, antidepressive efficacy, and adverse effects. Doxepin is used as a comparative agent and is similar to the prototypical tricyclic agents in all the above categories. Maprotiline is a selective noradrenergic agent, but shares a similar adverse effect profile with doxepin and may be associated with a high frequency of seizures in overdose. Amoxapine is a mixed action antidepressant with significant neuroleptic activity in vivo. Its adverse effect profile is highlighted by symptoms related to its neuroleptic activity, and seizures and acute renal failure in overdose. Trazodone is a selective serotonergic agent with low anticholinergic activity, and minimal morbidity/mortality in overdose. Reports of priapism, leading to impotence in some men, however, is of concern. Nomifensine is a potent noradrenergic and dopaminergic agent with low anticholinergic activity, and minimum cardiotoxicity and low morbidity/mortality in overdose. Its most important adverse effects include overstimulation and infrequent, usually reversible, immunologic hypersensitivity reactions. Trazodone and nomifensine have favorable profiles for use in the elderly. Trazodone may be more favorable in the anxious/agitated patient due to its sedative effects, whereas nomifensine may be more beneficial in the retarded, apathetic patient.
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{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
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During spring training, Jonathan Papelbon was one of the Phillies praising the clubhouse atmosphere that had dramatically improved from last season, according to players and manager Ryne Sandberg.
Two days into the regular season, however, all of those good feelings apparently are a thing of the past for the enigmatic closer.
Speaking to the Boston Globe prior to Wednesday's game against the Red Sox at Citizens Bank Park, Papelbon admitted that even as he enters his fourth season in Philadelphia, he has yet to fully identify himself as a Phillie.
Papelbon has been a lightning rod for fans and media alike in Philadelphia, but still recorded 39 saves in 2014 — good enough for fifth in the National League. The Phillies signed the 34-year-old to a four-year deal worth $50 million in 2012.
When Papelbon records his seventh save this season, he'll surpass Jose Mesa as the franchise's all-time saves leader, but he still seems to long for the days of Fenway Park and taking the mound with the Red Sox, in town for this week's season-opening series.
Your browser does not support iframes.
Matt Lombardo may be reached at [email protected]. Follow him on Twitter @MattLombardo975. Find NJ.com Philadelphia Sports on Facebook
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{
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
}
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Q:
Use tar to compress file tar.gz with password
I use tar -czf test.tar.gz test/ to compress test forlder to test.tar.gz . Now, I want compress to test.tar.gz with password "mypass" How can I do?
A:
Neither the tar format nor the gz format has built-in support for password-protecting files.
Use crypt or gpg on the
Refer this encrypt-and-decrypt-files-with-a-password for more info.
tar cvvjf - /path/to/files | ccrypt > backup.tar.bz2.cpt
or
ccrypt backup.tar.bz2
Else you can also use zip
zip -P password file.zip file
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{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
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The role of orbitofrontal cortex in decision making: a component process account.
Clinical accounts of the effects of damage to orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) have provided important clues about the functions of this region in humans. Patients with OFC injury can demonstrate relatively isolated difficulties with decision making, and the development of laboratory tasks that captured these difficulties was an important advance. However, much of the work to date has been limited by the use of a single, complex decision-making task and by a narrow focus on risky decisions. A fuller understanding of the neural basis of decision making requires identification of the simpler components that underlie this complex behavior. Here, I review evidence that OFC lesions disrupt reversal learning in humans, as in animals, and show that this deficit in reversal learning is an important mechanism underlying the difficulties of such patients in the Iowa gambling task. Reversal learning, in turn, can be decomposed into simpler processes: a failure to rapidly learn from negative feedback may be the critical difficulty for OFC patients. OFC damage can also affect forms of decision making that do not require trial-by-trial learning. Preference judgment is a simple form of decision making that requires comparing the relative value of options. Humans with OFC lesions are more inconsistent in their choices, even in very simple preference judgment tasks. These results are broadly consistent with the view that OFC is critically involved in representing the relative value of stimuli, but also raise the possibility that this region plays distinct roles in reinforcement learning and value-based judgment.
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{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
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Q:
How to stop upload and redirect in busboy if mime type is invalid?
I am fairly new to Node.js, and I am using Express and Busboy-Connect to create a simple file upload form, for wav files only.
Here is what I am trying to do :
- start the upload
- if the mimetype is not wav, redirect to an error page
- else : write the file on the server and redirect back.
If the mimetype is valid, everything works fine, but if it isn't I cannot redirect and the browser is just hanging and eventually times out.
My understanding of it is that the browser doesn't want to redirect because it is waiting for the upload to finish, but how can I cancel the upload then within my js code ?
I could work around the issue and write the file then delete it if it's not the right mimetype, but I think it's a bit stupid to do that, I'd rather find a way to trigger an event that will stop it and redirect immediately.
Here is (a snippet of) my app code :
app.get('/', function (req, res) {
res.render(__dirname + '/public/index.ejs', {error: 0});
});
app.get('/error', function (req, res) {
res.render(__dirname + '/public/index.ejs', {error: 1});
});
app.post('/upload', function (req, res) {
var timestamp = new Date().getTime().toString();
//console.log(timestamp);
var fstream;
req.pipe(req.busboy);
req.busboy.on('file', function (fieldname, file, filename, encoding, mimetype) {
if ("audio/wav" != mimetype)
{
console.log("invalid mimetype"); // that prints ok
// req.busboy.end(); // I tried that but it doesn't work
res.redirect('/error');
}
else
{
console.log("Uploading: " + mimetype);
fstream = fs.createWriteStream(__dirname + '/tmp/' + timestamp + filename);
file.pipe(fstream);
fstream.on('close', function () {
res.redirect('back');
});
}
});
});
Can anyone point me in the right direction?
Thank you for your help !
A:
Alright I found it in the docs of npm, if you think anyone could be interested in finding this answer from a google search you can leave it resolved, otherwise feel free to close/remove this post.
Basically there is a function on the filestream that need to be called to unblock busboy, so all I had to do to make it work is to add
file.resume();
before redirecting to the error page.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
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Use Groupon. It's a much better deal. Plus, you get a free snack-lace. It's the best snack-sessory you could ever ask for!
About East Atlanta Beer Festival
Look in your refrigerator: even if you stuffed beer into all the vegetable drawers and other spots meant for healthy stuff, you'd still never fit 175 different kinds in there. That's why the East Atlanta Beer Festival exists. Well, that, and to raise proceeds for local non-profit organizations. At the annual festival—which unfolds in East Atlanta's peaceful Brownwood Park—beer enthusiasts are equipped with a sampling cup and set loose to explore suds poured by dozens of different breweries. Food from vendors and music from local bands round out the afternoon, and afterward, every attendee heads home with a souvenir pint glass to display on their bar or store their drunken confessions in.
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{
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
}
|
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England - Still a precious stone, set in a silver sea
England can be iconic, royal, rural, unconventional, historical... and the number of towns and cities here that have produced people who have made their mark on the world is extraordinary. Every year, property hunters from overseas relocate to England, and Brits look to discover new pastures within.
When summarising property in England it is difficult to know where to start! Victorian, Georgian, Edwardian, modern, traditional, quirky, "next generation"... The choice of styles, designs and sizes across the land is as diverse as it is immense, meaning the prices of homes are varied also.
England's attractions
The English love a wedding, and when one of our royals decides to tie the knot, it draws a Global audience numbering billions. "Royal England" is big business therefore, with visitors flocking to Buckingham Palace, Hampton Court, the Tower of London, Sandringham, and Windsor Castle to name just a few. There are numerous themed pleasure parks, zoos, aquariums, theatres, cinemas and arts centres in England, as well as some of the finest art galleries and museums on earth. That means when it comes to days (and nights!) out, there is something for people of all ages to enjoy.
Getting around
England's cities and towns are connected by motorways, many of which have been resurfaced over the past decade. Even the remotest villages are reachable by winding country lanes. Our islands can be accessed via ferry and hovercraft. Internal and international flights leave English airports 24/7.
Wining & dining
The English's love of hearty traditional fare will never die, of course, so eternally enamored are we by our roast beef and Yorkshire pudding, full English fried breakfasts, and fish and chips (with mushy peas!). But that's not to say English food is all that's on the menu here...
Just about every type of international cuisine can be found in England's towns and cities. There are also coffee shops, pubs, bars and clubs of all kinds and to suit every preference. Shopping options are also seemingly limitless, with shopping centres, boutiques and independents selling an array of goods.
Where to buy
The "great divide" between England's north and south is not as wide as it once was. Most northern cities can claim to be as thriving and as prosperous as those found down south, with the exception of the capital, of course. Property prices are generally higher in the south, but not always...
In southern England, property bargains come up all the time. Spacious detached family houses, luxury flats, tidy bungalows, converted barns and farmhouses... all can be found available to buy at surprisingly affordable prices, so northern-based property hunters should never rule out the south!
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{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
/* Flot plugin that adds some extra symbols for plotting points.
Copyright (c) 2007-2013 IOLA and Ole Laursen.
Licensed under the MIT license.
The symbols are accessed as strings through the standard symbol options:
series: {
points: {
symbol: "square" // or "diamond", "triangle", "cross"
}
}
*/
(function ($) {
function processRawData(plot, series, datapoints) {
// we normalize the area of each symbol so it is approximately the
// same as a circle of the given radius
var handlers = {
square: function (ctx, x, y, radius, shadow) {
// pi * r^2 = (2s)^2 => s = r * sqrt(pi)/2
var size = radius * Math.sqrt(Math.PI) / 2;
ctx.rect(x - size, y - size, size + size, size + size);
},
diamond: function (ctx, x, y, radius, shadow) {
// pi * r^2 = 2s^2 => s = r * sqrt(pi/2)
var size = radius * Math.sqrt(Math.PI / 2);
ctx.moveTo(x - size, y);
ctx.lineTo(x, y - size);
ctx.lineTo(x + size, y);
ctx.lineTo(x, y + size);
ctx.lineTo(x - size, y);
},
triangle: function (ctx, x, y, radius, shadow) {
// pi * r^2 = 1/2 * s^2 * sin (pi / 3) => s = r * sqrt(2 * pi / sin(pi / 3))
var size = radius * Math.sqrt(2 * Math.PI / Math.sin(Math.PI / 3));
var height = size * Math.sin(Math.PI / 3);
ctx.moveTo(x - size/2, y + height/2);
ctx.lineTo(x + size/2, y + height/2);
if (!shadow) {
ctx.lineTo(x, y - height/2);
ctx.lineTo(x - size/2, y + height/2);
}
},
cross: function (ctx, x, y, radius, shadow) {
// pi * r^2 = (2s)^2 => s = r * sqrt(pi)/2
var size = radius * Math.sqrt(Math.PI) / 2;
ctx.moveTo(x - size, y - size);
ctx.lineTo(x + size, y + size);
ctx.moveTo(x - size, y + size);
ctx.lineTo(x + size, y - size);
}
};
var s = series.points.symbol;
if (handlers[s])
series.points.symbol = handlers[s];
}
function init(plot) {
plot.hooks.processDatapoints.push(processRawData);
}
$.plot.plugins.push({
init: init,
name: 'symbols',
version: '1.0'
});
})(jQuery);
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
|
Gornji Striževac
Gornji Striževac is a village in the municipality of Babušnica, Serbia. At the 2002 census, the village had a population of 154 people.
References
Category:Populated places in Pirot District
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
}
|
Effect of both elevated troponin-I and peripheral white blood cell count on prognosis in patients with suspected myocardial injury.
We found a high white blood cell count (>11,000/mul) to be of additive prognostic value to high troponin-I levels in predicting risk of recurrent nonfatal myocardial infarctions and all-cause mortality in patients who present with acute coronary syndromes and non-ST-elevation myocardial infarctions. A high troponin-I level or white blood cell count increased the odds ratio of an event to 2.2 (95% confidence interval 1.0 to 4.73, p = 0.05), but high values for the 2 markers increased the odds ratio to 4.5 (95% confidence interval 1.42 to 14.21, p = 0.01).
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
|
Frits Potgieter
Frederick "Frits" Potgieter (born 13 March 1974, in Pretoria) is a retired South African athlete who competed mostly in the discus throw. He won the silver medal at the 1992 World Junior Championships, as well as several senior medals at regional level. He represented his country at the 2000 Summer Olympics, as well as two World Championships without reaching the final.
Potgieter played for Waterkloof High School and Northern Transvaal's Craven for three years. He then participated at various sporting events, including the Universiade and African Games winning medals in discus throwing discipline. A four-time gold medalist, he was placed in fourth place on the South African all time list.
Following 2000 Summer Olympics, Potgieter joined Pretoria Rugby Club, after South African athletics initialized a new policy which states that bans athletes 26 and older to participate in international events.
His personal best in the event was 64.16 metres.
His brother, Karel Potgieter, is a former shot putter.
Competition record
References
Category:1974 births
Category:Living people
Category:South African male shot putters
Category:South African male discus throwers
Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Category:Olympic athletes of South Africa
Category:Commonwealth Games competitors for South Africa
Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1998 Commonwealth Games
Category:Sportspeople from Pretoria
Category:African Games silver medalists for South Africa
Category:African Games medalists in athletics (track and field)
Category:Universiade medalists in athletics (track and field)
Category:African Games bronze medalists for South Africa
Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1995 All-Africa Games
Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1999 All-Africa Games
Category:Universiade silver medalists for South Africa
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
}
|
I posted the following on an atheist vs. Christian debate website. I have not become an atheist, just a disillusioned, disenchanted, disheartened former Christian who is convinced that God falls into one of three categories: one, he's an apathetic, ambivalent, indifferent absentee landlord, two, a sadist, or three, suffers with multiple-personality disorder. I CHALLENGE YOU TO PROVE TO ME THAT MY ANALOGY IS FLAWED.
The post was titled "Is God a Sadistic Monster?" A judge brings a frightened 18 year old girl before his court. The girl has committed no "crimes" per se, but has committed many of the same "sins" that an average young woman of her age might have committed in the course of her short life, i.e. white lies, masturbation, "mouthing off" to parents and authority figures, cheating in school, and a host of other petty misdeeds. The judge tells the girl that she will be allowed no legal representation. No one will be permitted to speak on her behalf but she herself. The judge tells this girl that although her "crimes" are minor, she will be taken out, doused in gasoline, set ablaze, and then thrown into a vat of sulfuric acid while she is still burning.. Then he, the judge, will stand over this vat and listen to her beg and scream for mercy until she finally expires in excruciating inconceivable agony.NOW, this is going to require an inordinate amount of objectivity on the part of any fundamentalist or evangelical reading this, which, having been one, I know is probably beyond your capacity. However, in all honesty, what would society call this judge? Righteous? Pure? Merciful? PLEASE!! Don't delude yourself! It is a safe bet that society would probably call him a sadistic beast not worthy to live on the same planet with decent human beings!Now, this same girl appears before "The Sinner's Judgment" withthe Honorable Judge Jesus Christ presiding! He also tells her that she will not be allowed legal representation. For no other reason than because she failed to "mouth out" the "sinners prayer", this merciless brute of a God (I use God and Jesus interchangeably because Christians consider them the same) will throw this terrified young, barely beyond adolescence (but beyond the scripturally ambiguous "age of accountability"), girl into the "Lake of Fire", a fate approximately one million times more agonizing than what the Earthly judge subjected her to.Now, what makes God, Jesus, whomever, any different than this Earthly judge? How is God different morally? Ultimately, there is no difference, and I have, in fact, "called the Emperor naked". For Godto throw ANY person into eternal fire where they will never die and never know respite, and scream and wail while God and Jesus treat it as "music to their ears" is such a morally unconscionable act it beggars description!! The fact is, God is a two-faced hypocrite who employs a "double standard". He claims not to tolerate cruelty and inhumanity, and he will become the most inhumane, vicious, merciless, animalistic brutal sadistic monster ever in history when, on Judgment Day, he throws the billions of "lost souls" into this eternal barbecue pit. Now, I would like to confront the most common(and inherently inane and ludicrous) arguments that Christians use to get God "off the hook" to keep him from appearing as I have described.ARGUMENT 1)"God doesn't send anyone to Hell, they put themseles there!": Okay, so you're saying that if a person who dies "in their sins" stands before God and takes a good hard look at Hell, that he has the option to "decline"? Please! Get real! The Bible clearly states that the lost will be "cast"(the operative word here is "cast", not briskly walked, not gingerly ran, not eagerly waltzed) into the Lake of Fire! Now, lest you accuse me of being obtuse, I do understand what you're endeavoring to say, that being, that if a person "rejects Christ as their Lord and savior, doesn't repent of their sins, yadda, yadda, yadda," they have, by default, chosen of their own free will to go to Hell. The flaw in this "defense" is that it is a twist on the warnings that Draconian tyrants, emperors, and dictators have given their subjects since time immemorial. That as long as you play the game by their rules, they won't subject you to unspeakable torture! However, it doesn't make Hell one degree cooler whether or not God decides or the "sinners" decide where they spend eternity. It is still a morally unconscionable Draconian punishment. It's analogous to saying that if a father decides to allow his child to voluntarily dive into a shark-infested pool as a self-inflicted punishment for "wrong-doing", that gets dear old Dad "off the hook".ARGUMENT 2) "The Lake of Fire was designed and prepared for the Devil and his angels, not people." Okay, but regardless, God intends to throw the lost into it. It may not "originally" have been meant for people, but God, in his infinite wisdom and mercy, has decided to take "the more, the merrier" approach, and use it as the primary method of eternal punishment for sinners. He has therefore, by default, designed it for both Devils and people.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
Q:
Powershell function returning instantiated object...kind of?
I'm rather new to Powershell and am working on setting up my profile.ps1 file. I have a few managed DLLs that I use often to maintain processes throughout the day which I'd like to be able to load up with quick function calls. So I created this function in my ps1 file:
function LoadSomeDll
{
[System.Reflect.Assembly]::LoadFrom("c:\wherever\SomeLib.dll")
return new-object "SomeLib.SomeObject"
}
Then, in Powershell, I do this:
PS > $myLibInstance = LoadSomeDll
The problem is that $myLibInstance, though it appears to be loaded, doesn't behave the way I expect it to or if it would if I explicitly load it without the function. Say SomeLib.SomeObject has a public string property "ConnectionString" that loads itself (from the registry, yuck) when the object is constructed.
PS > $myLibInstance.ConnectionString
//Nothing returned
But, if I do it without the function, like this:
PS > [System.Reflect.Assembly]::LoadFrom("c:\wherever\SomeLib.dll")
PS > $myOtherLibInstance = new-object "SomeLib.SomeObject"
I get this:
PS > $myOtherLibInstance.ConnectionString
StringValueOfConnectionStringProperty
Why does this happen? Is there any way that I can return an instantiated new-object from a Powershell function?
Thanks in advance.
A:
The problem you're running into is that your original function is returning an array of objects, not a single object.
One of the tricks in PowerShell is understanding that in a function, every statement which evaluates no a non-void value will be written to the pipeline. The return "value" of a function is simply the contents of the pipeline.
The call to LoadFrom returns an assembly. So the actual return of the function LoadSomeDll is an array containing an assembly and an instance of your object. You're actually calling ConnectionString on the type Object[] and hence it silently fails.
Try switching the function to the following. I intentionally left off the keyword return because it's confusing in the context of powershell.
function LoadSomeDll
{
[System.Reflect.Assembly]::LoadFrom("c:\wherever\SomeLib.dll") | out-null
new-object "SomeLib.SomeObject"
}
|
{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
|
package com.eden.orchid.impl.themes.functions
import com.eden.orchid.api.OrchidContext
import com.eden.orchid.api.compilers.TemplateFunction
import com.eden.orchid.api.indexing.IndexService
import com.eden.orchid.api.options.annotations.Description
import com.eden.orchid.api.options.annotations.IntDefault
import com.eden.orchid.api.options.annotations.Option
import com.eden.orchid.api.theme.pages.OrchidPage
@Description(value = "Get all Page objects matching a query.", name = "Find all")
class FindAllFunction : TemplateFunction("findAll", false) {
@Option
@Description("The Id of the items to link to.")
lateinit var itemId: String
@Option
@Description("The type of collection the items are expected to come from.")
lateinit var collectionType: String
@Option
@Description("The specific Id of the given collection type where the items are expected to come from.")
lateinit var collectionId: String
@Option
@IntDefault(0)
@Description("Paginate results starting at this page. Index starts at 1.")
var pageIndex: Int = 0
@Option
@IntDefault(0)
@Description("Paginate results using this as a page size")
var pageSize: Int = 0
override fun parameters() = arrayOf(
*IndexService.locateParams,
"page",
::pageSize.name,
::pageIndex.name
)
override fun apply(context: OrchidContext, page: OrchidPage?): Any? {
return if (pageIndex > 0 && pageSize > 0) {
context.findAll(collectionType, collectionId, itemId, pageIndex, pageSize)
} else {
context.findAll(collectionType, collectionId, itemId)
}
}
}
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
|
/*
* Copyright (C) 2004-2016 Michael Medin
*
* This file is part of NSClient++ - https://nsclient.org
*
* NSClient++ is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
* modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
* License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
* version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
*
* NSClient++ is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
* Lesser General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with NSClient++. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
#include "ServiceCmd.h"
#include <utf8.hpp>
#include <error/error.hpp>
#include <windows.h>
#include <tchar.h>
#include <iostream>
namespace serviceControll {
/**
* Installs the service
*
* @param szName
* @param szDisplayName
* @param szDependencies
*
* @author mickem
*
* @date 03-13-2004
*
*/
void Install(std::wstring szName, std::wstring szDisplayName, std::wstring szDependencies, DWORD dwServiceType, std::wstring args, std::wstring exe) {
SC_HANDLE schService;
SC_HANDLE schSCManager;
if (exe.empty()) {
TCHAR szPath[512];
if (GetModuleFileName(NULL, szPath, 512) == 0)
throw SCException("Could not get module");
exe = szPath;
}
std::wstring bin = _T("\"") + exe + _T("\"");
if (!args.empty())
bin += L" " + args;
schSCManager = OpenSCManager(NULL, NULL, SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS);
if (!schSCManager)
throw SCException("OpenSCManager failed:" + error::lookup::last_error());
schService = CreateService(
schSCManager, // SCManager database
szName.c_str(), // name of service
szDisplayName.c_str(), // name to display
SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS, // desired access
dwServiceType, // service type
SERVICE_AUTO_START, // start type
SERVICE_ERROR_NORMAL, // error control type
bin.c_str(), // service's binary
NULL, // no load ordering group
NULL, // no tag identifier
szDependencies.c_str(), // dependencies
NULL, // LocalSystem account
NULL); // no password
if (!schService) {
DWORD err = GetLastError();
CloseServiceHandle(schSCManager);
if (err == ERROR_SERVICE_EXISTS) {
throw SCException("Service already installed!");
}
throw SCException("Unable to install service." + error::lookup::last_error(err));
}
std::cout << "Service " << utf8::cvt<std::string>(szName) << " (" << utf8::cvt<std::string>(bin) << ") installed..." << std::endl;;
CloseServiceHandle(schService);
CloseServiceHandle(schSCManager);
}
void ModifyServiceType(LPCTSTR szName, DWORD dwServiceType) {
SC_HANDLE schService;
SC_HANDLE schSCManager;
TCHAR szPath[512];
if (GetModuleFileName(NULL, szPath, 512) == 0)
throw SCException("Could not get module");
schSCManager = OpenSCManager(NULL, NULL, SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS);
if (!schSCManager)
throw SCException("OpenSCManager failed: " + error::lookup::last_error());
schService = OpenService(schSCManager, szName, SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS);
if (!schService) {
DWORD err = GetLastError();
CloseServiceHandle(schSCManager);
throw SCException("Unable to open service: " + error::lookup::last_error(err));
}
BOOL result = ChangeServiceConfig(schService, dwServiceType, SERVICE_NO_CHANGE, SERVICE_NO_CHANGE, NULL, NULL, NULL,
NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
CloseServiceHandle(schService);
CloseServiceHandle(schSCManager);
if (result != TRUE)
throw SCException("Could not change service information");
}
DWORD GetServiceType(LPCTSTR szName) {
LPQUERY_SERVICE_CONFIG lpqscBuf = (LPQUERY_SERVICE_CONFIG)LocalAlloc(LPTR, 4096);
if (lpqscBuf == NULL) {
throw SCException("Could not allocate memory");
}
SC_HANDLE schService;
SC_HANDLE schSCManager;
TCHAR szPath[512];
if (GetModuleFileName(NULL, szPath, 512) == 0)
throw SCException("Could not get module");
schSCManager = OpenSCManager(NULL, NULL, SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS);
if (!schSCManager)
throw SCException("OpenSCManager failed.");
schService = OpenService(schSCManager, szName, SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS);
if (!schService) {
DWORD err = GetLastError();
CloseServiceHandle(schSCManager);
throw SCException("Unable to open service: " + error::lookup::last_error(err));
}
DWORD dwBytesNeeded = 0;
BOOL success = QueryServiceConfig(schService, lpqscBuf, 4096, &dwBytesNeeded);
CloseServiceHandle(schService);
CloseServiceHandle(schSCManager);
if (success != TRUE)
throw SCException("Could not query service information");
DWORD ret = lpqscBuf->dwServiceType;
LocalFree(lpqscBuf);
return ret;
}
/**
* Stars the service.
*
* @param name The name of the service to start
*
* @author mickem
*
* @date 03-13-2004
*
*/
void Start(std::wstring name) {
SC_HANDLE schService;
SC_HANDLE schSCManager;
SERVICE_STATUS ssStatus;
schSCManager = OpenSCManager(NULL, NULL, SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS);
if (!schSCManager)
throw SCException("OpenSCManager failed: " + error::lookup::last_error());
schService = OpenService(schSCManager, name.c_str(), SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS);
if (schService) {
// try to stop the service
if (StartService(schService, 0, NULL)) {
std::cout << "Starting " << utf8::cvt<std::string>(name);
Sleep(1000);
while (QueryServiceStatus(schService, &ssStatus)) {
if (ssStatus.dwCurrentState == SERVICE_START_PENDING) {
std::cout << ".";
Sleep(1000);
} else
break;
}
if (ssStatus.dwCurrentState != SERVICE_RUNNING) {
CloseServiceHandle(schService);
CloseServiceHandle(schSCManager);
throw SCException("Service '" + utf8::cvt<std::string>(name) + "' failed to start.");
}
}
CloseServiceHandle(schService);
} else {
std::string err = "OpenService on '" + utf8::cvt<std::string>(name) + "' failed: " + error::lookup::last_error();
CloseServiceHandle(schSCManager);
throw SCException(err);
}
CloseServiceHandle(schSCManager);
}
bool isInstalled(std::wstring name) {
SC_HANDLE schService;
SC_HANDLE schSCManager;
schSCManager = OpenSCManager(NULL, NULL, SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS);
if (!schSCManager)
throw SCException("OpenSCManager failed: " + error::lookup::last_error());
schService = OpenService(schSCManager, name.c_str(), SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS);
if (schService) {
CloseServiceHandle(schService);
CloseServiceHandle(schSCManager);
return true;
} else {
CloseServiceHandle(schSCManager);
return false;
}
}
std::wstring get_exe_path(std::wstring svc_name) {
std::wstring ret;
SC_HANDLE schService;
SC_HANDLE schSCManager;
schSCManager = OpenSCManager(NULL, NULL, SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS);
if (!schSCManager)
throw SCException("OpenSCManager failed: " + error::lookup::last_error());
schService = OpenService(schSCManager, svc_name.c_str(), SERVICE_QUERY_CONFIG);
if (!schService) {
CloseServiceHandle(schSCManager);
throw SCException("Failed to open service: " + utf8::cvt<std::string>(svc_name) + " because " + error::lookup::last_error());
}
DWORD dwBytesNeeded = 0;
DWORD lErr;
if (QueryServiceConfig(schService, NULL, 0, &dwBytesNeeded) || ((lErr = GetLastError()) != ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER)) {
CloseServiceHandle(schService);
CloseServiceHandle(schSCManager);
throw SCException("Failed to query service information: " + utf8::cvt<std::string>(svc_name) + " because " + error::lookup::last_error(lErr));
}
LPQUERY_SERVICE_CONFIG lpqscBuf = (LPQUERY_SERVICE_CONFIG)LocalAlloc(LPTR, dwBytesNeeded + 10);
BOOL bRet = (lpqscBuf != NULL) && (QueryServiceConfig(schService, lpqscBuf, dwBytesNeeded, &dwBytesNeeded) == TRUE);
if (!bRet)
lErr = GetLastError();
else {
ret = lpqscBuf->lpBinaryPathName;
}
LocalFree(lpqscBuf);
CloseServiceHandle(schService);
CloseServiceHandle(schSCManager);
if (!bRet)
throw SCException("Failed to query service information: " + utf8::cvt<std::string>(svc_name) + " because " + error::lookup::last_error(lErr));
return ret;
}
bool isStarted(std::wstring name) {
SC_HANDLE schService;
SC_HANDLE schSCManager;
SERVICE_STATUS ssStatus;
bool ret = false;
schSCManager = OpenSCManager(NULL, NULL, SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS);
if (!schSCManager)
throw SCException("OpenSCManager failed: " + error::lookup::last_error());
schService = OpenService(schSCManager, name.c_str(), SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS);
if (schService) {
if (QueryServiceStatus(schService, &ssStatus)) {
if (ssStatus.dwCurrentState == SERVICE_RUNNING) {
ret = true;
} else if (ssStatus.dwCurrentState == SERVICE_START_PENDING) {
ret = true;
}
}
CloseServiceHandle(schService);
} else {
CloseServiceHandle(schSCManager);
ret = false;
}
CloseServiceHandle(schSCManager);
return ret;
}
/**
* Stops and removes the service
*
* @param name The name of the service to uninstall
*
* @author mickem
*
* @date 03-13-2004
*
*/
void Uninstall(std::wstring name) {
SC_HANDLE schService;
SC_HANDLE schSCManager;
Stop(name);
schSCManager = OpenSCManager(NULL, NULL, SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS);
if (!schSCManager)
throw SCException("OpenSCManager failed: " + error::lookup::last_error());
schService = OpenService(schSCManager, name.c_str(), SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS);
if (schService) {
if (!DeleteService(schService)) {
std::string err = "DeleteService failed: " + error::lookup::last_error();
CloseServiceHandle(schService);
CloseServiceHandle(schSCManager);
throw SCException(err);
}
CloseServiceHandle(schService);
} else {
std::string err = "OpenService failed: " + error::lookup::last_error();
CloseServiceHandle(schSCManager);
throw SCException(err);
}
CloseServiceHandle(schSCManager);
}
/**
* Stops the service
*
* @param name The name of the serive to stop
*
* @author MickeM
*
* @date 03-13-2004
*
*/
void Stop(std::wstring name) {
SC_HANDLE schService;
SC_HANDLE schSCManager;
SERVICE_STATUS ssStatus;
schSCManager = OpenSCManager(NULL, NULL, SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS);
if (!schSCManager)
throw SCException("OpenSCManager failed: " + error::lookup::last_error());
schService = OpenService(schSCManager, name.c_str(), SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS);
if (schService) {
// try to stop the service
if (ControlService(schService, SERVICE_CONTROL_STOP, &ssStatus)) {
std::cout << "Stopping service.";
Sleep(1000);
while (QueryServiceStatus(schService, &ssStatus)) {
if (ssStatus.dwCurrentState == SERVICE_STOP_PENDING) {
std::cout << ".";
Sleep(1000);
} else
break;
}
std::cout << std::endl;
if (ssStatus.dwCurrentState != SERVICE_STOPPED) {
CloseServiceHandle(schService);
CloseServiceHandle(schSCManager);
throw SCException("Service failed to stop.");
}
}
CloseServiceHandle(schService);
} else {
std::string err = "OpenService failed: " + error::lookup::last_error();
CloseServiceHandle(schSCManager);
throw SCException(err);
}
CloseServiceHandle(schSCManager);
}
void StopNoWait(std::wstring name) {
SC_HANDLE schService;
SC_HANDLE schSCManager;
SERVICE_STATUS ssStatus;
schSCManager = OpenSCManager(NULL, NULL, SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS);
if (!schSCManager)
throw SCException("OpenSCManager failed.");
schService = OpenService(schSCManager, name.c_str(), SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS);
if (schService) {
// try to stop the service
ControlService(schService, SERVICE_CONTROL_STOP, &ssStatus);
CloseServiceHandle(schService);
} else {
CloseServiceHandle(schSCManager);
throw SCException("OpenService failed.");
}
CloseServiceHandle(schSCManager);
}
typedef BOOL(WINAPI*PFChangeServiceConfig2)(SC_HANDLE hService, DWORD dwInfoLevel, LPVOID lpInfo);
void SetDescription(std::wstring name, std::wstring desc) {
PFChangeServiceConfig2 FChangeServiceConfig2;
HMODULE ADVAPI = ::LoadLibrary(_T("Advapi32"));
if (!ADVAPI) {
throw SCException("Couldn't set extended service info (ignore this on NT4).");
}
#ifdef UNICODE
FChangeServiceConfig2 = (PFChangeServiceConfig2)::GetProcAddress(ADVAPI, "ChangeServiceConfig2W");
#else
FChangeServiceConfig2 = (PFChangeServiceConfig2)::GetProcAddress(ADVAPI, _TEXT("ChangeServiceConfig2A"));
#endif
if (!FChangeServiceConfig2) {
FreeLibrary(ADVAPI);
throw SCException("Couldn't set extended service info (ignore this on NT4).");
}
SERVICE_DESCRIPTION descr;
SC_HANDLE schSCManager = OpenSCManager(NULL, NULL, SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS);
if (!schSCManager)
throw SCException("OpenSCManager failed.");
SC_HANDLE schService = OpenService(schSCManager, name.c_str(), SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS);
if (!schService) {
FreeLibrary(ADVAPI);
CloseServiceHandle(schSCManager);
throw SCException("OpenService failed.");
}
TCHAR* d = new TCHAR[desc.length() + 2];
wcsncpy(d, desc.c_str(), desc.length() + 1);
descr.lpDescription = d;
BOOL bResult = FChangeServiceConfig2(schService, SERVICE_CONFIG_DESCRIPTION, &descr);
delete[] d;
FreeLibrary(ADVAPI);
CloseServiceHandle(schService);
CloseServiceHandle(schSCManager);
if (!bResult)
throw SCException("ChangeServiceConfig2 failed.");
}
}
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
|
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