Datasets:

nanyy1025

/

pubmed_rct_20k

like 1

[ "to assess the effects of short-term resistance training and pulsed electromagnetic fields on bone metabolism and joint function in patients with haemophilia with osteoporosis .", "a randomized , controlled , patient and blood sample assessor-blinded , six-week trial , three times weekly .", "hospital outpatients with severe haemophilia a and osteoporosis .", "forty-eight patients were randomly assigned to resistance training ( rt , n = @ ) , combined resistance training with pulsed electromagnetic fields ( rtpemf , n = @ ) , pulsed electromagnetic fields ( pemf , n = @ ) and control ( n = @ ) groups .", "the rt group received @-@ minutes of resistance exercises and placebo pulsed electromagnetic fields .", "the rtpemf group received the same exercises with lower repetition and @ minutes of pulsed electromagnetic fields .", "the pemf group was exposed to @ minutes of pulsed electromagnetic fields ( @ hz and @ gauss ) .", "bone-specific alkaline phosphatase , n-terminal telopeptide of type @ collagen , and joint function , using the modified colorado questionnaire , were measured before and after the programme .", "the absolute change of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase was significant in the rt and rtpemf groups compared with the control group ( @ @ , @ @ , and -@ @ u/l , respectively ) .", "the absolute changes in the total score for joint function were significant for knees , ankles , and elbows in the rt group ( @ @ , @ @ , and @ @ , respectively ) and the rtpemf group ( @ @ , @ @ , and @ @ , respectively ) compared to the pemf and control groups .", "this value was significant for knee joints in the pemf group compared to the control group ( @ @ and @ @ , respectively ) .", "resistance training is effective for improving bone formation and joint function in severe haemophilia a patients with osteoporosis ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "this study compares the long-term results of pneumatic dilatations versus laparoscopic myotomy using treatment failure as the primary outcome .", "the frequency and degree of dysphagia , the effects on quality of life ( qol ) , and health economy were also examined .", "fifty-three patients with achalasia were randomized to laparoscopic myotomy with a posterior partial fundoplication -lsb- laparoscopic myotomy ( lm ) n = @ -rsb- or repetitive pneumatic dilatation -lsb- pneumatic dilatation ( pd ) n = @ -rsb- .", "the median observation period was @ months ( range @-@ ) .", "at the minimal follow-up of @ years , ten patients ( @ % ) in the dilatation group and two patients ( @ % ) in the myotomy group , including two patients lost to follow-up ( one in each arm ) , were classified as failures ( p = @ ) .", "the cumulative incidence of treatment failures was analyzed by survival statistics .", "taking the entire follow-up period into account , a significant difference was observed in favor of the lm strategy ( p = @ ) .", "although both treatments resulted in significant improvements in dysphagia scores , lm was significantly favored over pd after @ and @ years , but not after @ years .", "health-related qol assessed by the personal general well being score was higher in the lm group after @ years , but the difference was not fully statistically significant at @ years .", "direct medical costs during the entire follow-up period were in median $ @,@ for lm as compared to $ @,@ for pd ( p = @ ) .", "this long-term follow-up of a randomized clinical study shows that lm is superior to repetitive pd treatment of newly diagnosed achalasia , albeit that this surgical strategy is burdened by high initial direct medical costs .", "www.clinicaltrials.gov nct @ ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "individual barriers to weight loss and physical activity goals in the diabetes prevention program , a randomized trial with @ years average treatment duration , have not been previously reported .", "evaluating barriers and the lifestyle coaching approaches used to improve adherence in a large , diverse participant cohort can inform dissemination efforts .", "lifestyle coaches documented barriers and approaches after each session ( mean session attendance = @ ) .", "subjects were @ intensive lifestyle participants ( mean age = @ years ; mean bmi = @ kg/m ; @ % female , @ % non-caucasian ) .", "barriers and approaches used to improve adherence were ranked by the percentage of the cohort for whom they applied .", "barrier groupings were also analyzed in relation to baseline demographic characteristics .", "top weight loss barriers reported were problems with self-monitoring ( @ % ) ; social cues ( @ % ) ; holidays ( @ % ) ; low activity ( @ % ) ; and internal cues ( thought/mood ) ( @ % ) .", "top activity barriers were holidays ( @ % ) ; time management ( @ % ) ; internal cues ( @ % ) ; illness ( @ % ) , and motivation ( @ % ) .", "the percentage of the cohort having any type of barrier increased over the long-term intervention period .", "a majority of the weight loss barriers were significantly associated with younger age , greater obesity , and non-caucasian race/ethnicity ( p-values vary ) .", "physical activity barriers , particularly thought and mood cues , social cues and time management , physical injury or illness and access/weather , were most significantly associated with being female and obese ( p < @ for all ) .", "lifestyle coaches used problem-solving with most participants ( @ % short-term ; > @ % long term ) and regularly reviewed self-monitoring skills .", "more costly approaches were used infrequently during the first @ sessions ( @ % ) but increased over @ years .", "behavioral problem solving approaches have short and long term dissemination potential for many kinds of participant barriers .", "given minimal resources , increased attention to training lifestyle coaches in the consistent use of these approaches appears warranted ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "lack of universal , annual testing for human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) in health facilities suggests that expansion of hiv testing and counselling ( htc ) to non-clinical settings is critical to the achievement of national goals for prevention , care and treatment .", "consideration should be given to the ability of lay counsellors to perform home-based htc in community settings .", "we implemented a community cluster randomized controlled trial of home-based htc in sisonke district , south africa .", "trained lay counsellors conducted door-to-door hiv testing using the same rapid tests used by the local health department at the time of the study ( sd bioline and sensa ) .", "to monitor testing quality and counsellor skill , additional dry blood spots were taken and sent for laboratory-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( elisa ) testing .", "sensitivity and specificity were calculated using the laboratory result as the gold standard .", "from @ samples , the counsellor and laboratory results matched in all but @ cases .", "in @ cases , the counsellor judged the result as indeterminate , whereas the laboratory judged @ positive , eight negative and three indeterminate , indicating that the counsellor may have erred on the side of caution .", "sensitivity was @ % ( @ % ci : @-@ @ % ) , and specificity @ % ( @ % ci : @-@ @ % ) , for the lay counsellor field-based rapid tests .", "both measures are high , and the lower confidence bound for specificity meets the international standard for assessing hiv rapid tests .", "these findings indicate that adequately trained lay counsellors are capable of safely conducting high-quality rapid hiv tests and interpreting the results as per the kit guidelines .", "these findings are important given the likely expansion of community and home-based testing models and the shortage of clinically trained professional staff ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "comparison of a multimodal intervention we call ( study initiated phone support/information provision ) versus a passive intervention you call ( participant can contact a resource person ) in individuals with first mild stroke .", "this study is a single-blinded randomized clinical trial .", "primary outcome includes unplanned use of health services ( participant diaries ) for adverse events and quality of life ( euroquol-@d , quality of life index ) .", "secondary outcomes include planned use of health services ( diaries ) , mood ( beck depression inventory ii ) , and participation ( assessment of life habits -lsb- life-h -rsb- ) .", "blind assessments were done at baseline , @ , and @ months .", "a mixed model approach for statistical analysis on an intention-to-treat basis was used where the group factor was intervention type and occasion factor time , with a significance level of @ .", "we enrolled @ patients ( we = @ ; you = @ ) with a mean age of @ @ years , and @ % were women .", "no significant differences were seen between groups at @ months for any outcomes with both groups improving from baseline on all measures ( effect sizes ranged from @ to @ ) .", "the only significant change for both groups from @ months to @ year ( n = @ ) was in the social domains of the life-h ( increment in score , @ / @ @ -lsb- @ % confidence interval , @-@ @ -rsb- ; effect size , @ ) .", "qualitatively , the we call intervention was perceived as reassuring , increased insight , and problem solving while decreasing anxiety .", "only @ of @ ( @ % ) you call participants availed themselves of the intervention .", "although the @ groups improved equally over time , we call intervention was perceived as helpful , whereas you call intervention was not used .", "url : http://www.controlled-trials.com .", "unique identifier : isrctn@ ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "the consumption of citrus fruits is associated with health benefits .", "however , clinical data regarding the effects of grapefruit flavanone consumption on vascular function are lacking .", "the objective of the present study was to address the role of flavanones in the long-term effects induced by grapefruit juice ( gfj ) consumption on vascular function in healthy postmenopausal women .", "forty-eight healthy postmenopausal women aged @-@ y within @-@ y since menopause , a body mass index ( in kg/m ( @ ) ) of @-@ , and a waist size > @ cm completed this double-blind , randomized , controlled , crossover trial .", "these volunteers were randomly assigned to consume @ ml gfj/d , providing @ mg naringenin glycosides , or a matched control drink without flavanones for @ mo each , with a @-mo washout between beverages .", "the primary endpoint was the assessment of endothelial function in the brachial artery by using flow-mediated dilation .", "blood pressure , arterial stiffness , and endothelial function in the peripheral arterial bed were also evaluated as indicators of vascular function .", "these measurements and blood collection for clinical biochemical markers were performed in overnight-fasted subjects before and after the @-mo treatment periods .", "the mean sd carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity , which reflects central aortic stiffness , was statistically significantly lower after consumption of gfj ( @ @ m/s ) than after consumption of the matched control drink without flavanones ( @ @ m/s ) , with a p value of @ for the treatment effect .", "endothelial function in macro - and microcirculation , blood pressure , anthropometric measures , glucose metabolism , and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress were not affected by the intervention .", "regular gfj consumption by middle-aged , healthy postmenopausal women is beneficial for arterial stiffness .", "this effect may be related to flavanones present in grapefruit .", "this trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as nct@ ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "compare public perceptions and intentions to undergo colorectal cancer screening tests following detailed information regarding ct colonography ( ctc ; after non-laxative preparation or full-laxative preparation ) , optical colonoscopy ( oc ) or flexible sigmoidoscopy ( fs ) .", "a total of @,@ invitees approaching screening age ( @-@ years ) were randomly allocated to receive detailed information on a single test and asked to return a questionnaire .", "outcomes included perceptions of preparation and test tolerability , health benefits , sensitivity and specificity , and intention to undergo the test .", "six hundred three invitees responded with valid questionnaire data .", "non-laxative preparation was rated more positively than enema or full-laxative preparations -lsb- effect size ( r ) = @ to @ ; p < @ to @ -rsb- ; both forms of ctc and fs were rated more positively than oc in terms of test experience ( r = @ to @ ; all p-values < @ ) .", "perceptions of health benefits , sensitivity and specificity ( p = @ to @ ) , and intention to undergo the test ( p = @ ) did not differ between tests ( n = @-@ for each test ) .", "despite non-laxative ctc being rated more favourably , this study did not find evidence that offering it would lead to substantially higher uptake than full-laxative ctc or other methods .", "however , this study was limited by a lower than anticipated response rate .", "improving uptake of colorectal cancer screening tests could improve health benefits potential invitees rate ctc and flexible sigmoidoscopy more positively than colonoscopy non-laxative bowel preparation is rated better than enema or full-laxative preparations these positive perceptions alone may not be sufficient to improve uptake health benefits and accuracy are rated similarly for preventative screening tests ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to describe the incidence and outcomes of reoperations for glaucoma in the tube versus trabeculectomy ( tvt ) study .", "cohort study of patients in a multicenter randomized clinical trial .", "the tvt study enrolled @ patients with medically uncontrolled glaucoma who had previous cataract and/or glaucoma surgery .", "randomization assigned @ patients to surgery with a tube shunt ( @ mm ( @ ) baerveldt glaucoma implant ) and @ patients to trabeculectomy with mitomycin c ( @ mg/ml for @ minutes ) .", "data were analyzed from patients who failed their assigned treatment and had additional glaucoma surgery .", "outcome measures included intraocular pressure ( iop ) , use of glaucoma medications , visual acuity , surgical complications , and failure ( iop > @ mm hg or not reduced by @ % , iop @ mm hg , additional glaucoma surgery , or loss of light perception vision ) .", "additional glaucoma surgery was performed in @ patients in the tube group and @ patients in the trabeculectomy group in the tvt study , and the @-year cumulative reoperation rate was @ % in the tube group and @ % in the trabeculectomy group ( p = @ ) .", "follow-up ( mean sd ) after additional glaucoma surgery was @ @ months in the tube group and @ @ months in the trabeculectomy group ( p = @ ) .", "at @ years after a glaucoma reoperation , iop ( mean sd ) was @ @ mm hg in the tube group and @ @ mm hg in the trabeculectomy group ( p = @ ) .", "the number of glaucoma medications ( mean sd ) after @ years of follow-up was @ @ in the tube group and @ @ in the trabeculectomy group ( p = @ ) .", "the cumulative probability of failure at @ , @ , @ , and @ years after additional glaucoma surgery was @ % , @ % , @ % , and @ % , respectively , in the tube group , and @ % , @ % , @ % , and @ % in the trabeculectomy group ( p = @ ) .", "reoperations to manage complications were required in @ patient in the tube group and @ patients in the trabeculectomy group ( p = @ ) .", "the rate of reoperation for glaucoma was higher following trabeculectomy with mitomycin c than tube shunt surgery in the tvt study .", "similar surgical outcomes were observed after additional glaucoma surgery , irrespective of initial randomized treatment in the study ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "blockade of platelet activation and aggregation can inhibit metastasis in preclinical models and is associated with cancer prevention .", "to test whether disruption of platelet function with clopidogrel and aspirin would decrease the number of circulating tumor cells ( ctcs ) in patients with metastatic breast cancer , a randomized phase ii study was performed .", "patients with metastatic breast cancer who were not currently receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy were eligible .", "patients were randomized to receive either clopidogrel and aspirin or to a control group receiving no treatment .", "phlebotomy was performed at baseline , at @ and @ weeks , and monthly thereafter to obtain specimens to assess ctc , platelet aggregation , and thrombin activity .", "the primary end point was the proportion of patients with detectable ctcs at @ month .", "forty-eight patients were enrolled and @ were evaluable at @month .", "baseline ctc numbers were @ in @ % and @ in @ % of patients .", "despite adequate platelet function inhibition in the treatment group , the proportion of patients with detectable ctcs was similar between the clopidogrel/aspirin and control groups at baseline ( p = @ ) and @ weeks ( p = @ ) , showing no treatment effect .", "measured endogenous thrombin potential did not correlate with ctc number .", "no bleeding-related serious adverse events ( saes ) occurred .", "the baseline ctc numbers were lower than expected , decreasing the ability to detect an impact of platelet inhibition on ctcs .", "clopidogrel and aspirin were well tolerated .", "future studies evaluating the potential therapeutic role of antiplatelet therapy in breast cancer remain of interest , and they may be informed by theseresults ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the carotid revascularization endarterectomy versus stenting trial was completed with a low stroke and death rate .", "a lead-in series of patients receiving carotid artery stenting was used to select the physician-operators for the study , where performance was evaluated by complication rates and by peer review of cases .", "herein , we assess the potential contribution of statistical evaluation of complication rates .", "the ability to discriminate between stent operators who can successfully meet the published guideline of < @ % combined rate of stroke and death is calculated under the binomial distribution , based on a small consecutive case series ( n = @ patients ) .", "a criterion of @ stroke or death events among the @ patients ( < @ % event rate ) was required of operators .", "setting such a high criterion , however , ensures an inability to exclude operators who can not meet the criteria .", "in fact , if a good operator is defined as having a @ % event rate and a poor operator as a @ % event rate , even a series of @ patients would ( on average ) still exclude @ % of the good operators and include @ % of the poor operators .", "the low periprocedural event rates in the trial suggest success in separating skillful operators from less skillful .", "however , it seems unlikely that statistical assessment of event rates in the lead-in contributed to successful selection , but rather successful selection was more likely because of peer review of subjective and other factors including patient volume and technical approaches .", "http://www.clinicaltrials.gov .", "unique identifier : nct@ ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "the objective of the study was to compare long-term results of subtotal vs total abdominal hysterectomy for benign uterine diseases @ years after hysterectomy , with urinary incontinence as the primary outcome measure .", "this was a long-term follow-up of a multicenter , randomized clinical trial without blinding .", "eleven gynecological departments in denmark contributed participants to the trial .", "women referred for benign uterine diseases who did not have contraindications to subtotal abdominal hysterectomy were randomized to subtotal ( n = @ ) vs total ( n = @ ) abdominal hysterectomy .", "all women enrolled in the trial from @ to @ who were still alive and living in denmark ( n = @ ) were invited to answer the validated questionnaire used in prior @ and @ year follow-ups .", "hospital contacts possibly related to hysterectomy from @ to @ years postoperatively were registered from discharge summaries from all public hospitals in denmark .", "the results were analyzed as intention to treat and per protocol .", "possible bias caused by missing data was handled by multiple imputation .", "the primary outcome was urinary incontinence ; the secondary outcomes were pelvic organ prolapse , constipation , pain , sexuality , quality of life ( short form-@ questionnaire ) , hospital contacts , and vaginal bleeding .", "the questionnaire was answered by @ of @ women ( @ % ) ( subtotal hysterectomy -lsb- n = @ -rsb- -lsb- @ % -rsb- ; total hysterectomy -lsb- n = @ -rsb- -lsb- @ % -rsb- ) .", "mean follow-up time was @ years and mean age at follow-up was @ years .", "after subtotal abdominal hysterectomy , @ of @ women ( @ % ) complained of urinary incontinence compared with @ of @ women ( @ % ) after total abdominal hysterectomy @ years after hysterectomy ( relative risk , @ ; @ % confidence interval , @-@ @ ; p = @ ) .", "after a multiple imputation analysis , this difference disappeared ( relative risk , @ ; @ % confidence interval , @-@ @ ; p = @ ) .", "no differences were seen in any of the secondary outcomes .", "subtotal abdominal hysterectomy was not superior to total abdominal hysterectomy on any outcomes .", "more women seem to have subjective urinary incontinence @ years after subtotal abdominal hysterectomy .", "this result was not confirmed by multiple imputation analysis and should be interpreted cautiously ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "enterococci , the second leading cause of health care-associated infections , have evolved from commensal and harmless organisms to multidrug-resistant bacteria associated with a significant increase in patient morbidity and mortality .", "prevention of ongoing spread of this organism within and between hospitals is important .", "in this study , we characterized enterococcus transmission dynamics for bacterial reservoirs commonly encountered by anesthesia providers during the routine administration of general anesthesia .", "enterococcus isolates previously obtained from bacterial reservoirs frequently encountered by anesthesiologists ( patient nasopharynx and axilla , anesthesia provider hands , and the adjustable pressure-limiting valve and agent dial of the anesthesia machine ) at @ major academic medical centers were identified as possible intraoperative bacterial transmission events by class of pathogen , temporal association , and phenotypic analysis ( analytical profile indexing ) .", "they were then subjected to antibiotic disk diffusion sensitivity for transmission event confirmation .", "isolates involved in confirmed transmission events were further analyzed to characterize the frequency , mode , origin , location of transmission events , and antibiotic susceptibility of transmitted pathogens .", "three hundred eighty-nine anesthesia reservoir isolates were previously identified by gross morphology and simple rapid tests as enterococcus .", "the combination of further analytical profile indexing analysis and temporal association implicated @ % ( @/@ ) of those isolates in possible intraoperative bacterial transmission events .", "approximately , @ % ( @/@ ) of possible transmission events were confirmed by additional antibiotic disk diffusion analysis .", "two phenotypes , e@ and e@ , explained @ % ( @/@ ) of confirmed transmission events .", "for both phenotypes , provider hands were a common reservoir of origin proximal to the transmission event ( @ % -lsb- @/@ -rsb- hand origin for e@ and @ % -lsb- @/@ -rsb- hand origin for e@ ) and site of transmission ( @ % -lsb- @/@ -rsb- hand transmission location for e@ and @ % -lsb- @/@ -rsb- hand transmission location for e@ ) .", "anesthesia provider hand contamination is a common proximal source and transmission location for enterococcus transmission events in the anesthesia work area .", "future work should evaluate the impact of intraoperative hand hygiene improvement strategies on the dynamics of intraoperative enterococcus transmission ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to describe quantitative and qualitative features of eyes with advanced bullous keratopathy assessed using ultrasound biomicroscopy , before and after anterior stromal puncture ( asp ) or amniotic membrane transplantation ( amt ) procedures to relieve chronic pain .", "the present descriptive comparative study included @ eyes of @ patients with chronic intermittent pain due to bullous keratopathy who were randomly assigned to one of the two treatments ( amt or asp ) .", "ultrasound biomicroscopy ( humphrey , ubm @ , @ mhz transducer , immersion technique ) was used , and a questionnaire about pain intensity was completed preoperatively and postoperatively at days @ and @ , respectively .", "exclusion criteria were age < @ years , presence of concurrent infection , ocular hypertension , and absence of pain .", "in a @-day follow-up , the amt group exhibited mean central corneal thickness ( cct ) , @ m preoperatively and @ m postoperatively ( p < @ ) ; mean epithelial thickness ( et ) , @ m preoperatively and @ m postoperatively ( p < @ ) ; and mean stromal thickness ( st ) , @ m preoperatively and @ m postoperatively ( p = @ ) .", "the asp group exhibited mean cct , @ m preoperatively and @ m postoperatively ( p < @ ) ; mean et , @ m preoperatively and @ m postoperatively ( p < @ ) ; and mean st , @ m preoperatively and @ m postoperatively ( p < @ ) .", "correlations between cct and pain intensity in the amt group ( p = @ pre - and postoperatively ) and the asp group ( p = @ preoperatively and p = @ at the @-day follow-up ) were not statistically significant .", "epithelial and stromal edema , descemet 's membrane folds , epithelial bullae , and the presence of interface fluid were frequently observed qualitative features .", "cct increased over time in both groups .", "the magnitude of cct did not correlate with pain intensity in the sample studied .", "the presence of interface fluid was a qualitative feature specifically found in some patients who underwent amt ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the association between low birthweight ( lbw ) and risk of developing type @ diabetes may involve epigenetic mechanisms , with skeletal muscle being a prime target tissue .", "differential dna methylation patterns have been observed in single genes in muscle tissue from type @ diabetic and lbw individuals , and we recently showed multiple dna methylation changes during short-term high-fat overfeeding in muscle of healthy people .", "in a randomised crossover study , we analysed genome-wide dna promoter methylation in skeletal muscle of @ young lbw men and @ matched normal birthweight ( nbw ) men after a control and a @ day high-fat overfeeding diet .", "dna methylation was measured using illumina 's infinium beadarray covering @,@ cpg sites representing @,@ different genes .", "after correction for multiple comparisons , dna methylation levels were found to be similar in the lbw and nbw groups during the control diet .", "whereas widespread dna methylation changes were observed in the nbw group in response to high-fat overfeeding , only a few methylation changes were seen in the lbw group ( ( @ ) , p < @ ) .", "our results indicate lower dna methylation plasticity in skeletal muscle from lbw vs nbw men , potentially contributing to understanding the link between lbw and increased risk of type @ diabetes ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to investigate the efficacy and safety of ulipristal acetate ( upa ) for long-term treatment of symptomatic uterine fibroids .", "repeated intermittent open-label upa courses , each followed by randomized double-blind norethisterone acetate ( neta ) or placebo .", "european clinical gynecology centers .", "two hundred and nine women with symptomatic fibroids including heavy menstrual bleeding .", "patients received up to four @-month courses of upa @ mg daily , immediately followed by @-day double-blind treatment with neta ( @ mg daily ) or placebo .", "amenorrhea , fibroid volume , endometrial histology .", "after the first upa course , amenorrhea occurred in @ % of women , with median onset ( from treatment start ) of @ days ( interquartile range , @-@ days ) .", "median fibroid volume change was -@ % ( interquartile range , -@ % ; -@ % ) .", "amenorrhea rates were @ % , @ % , and @ % for the @ , @ , and @ women who received treatment courses @ , @ , and @ , respectively .", "median times to amenorrhea were @ , @ , and @ days for treatment courses @ , @ , and @ , respectively .", "median fibroid volume changes from baseline were -@ % , -@ % , and -@ % after treatment courses @ , @ , and @ , respectively .", "all endometrial biopsies showed benign histology without hyperplasia ; neta did not affect fibroid volume or endometrial histology .", "repeated @-month upa courses effectively control bleeding and shrink fibroids in patients with symptomatic fibroids .", "clinicaltrials.gov ( www.clinicaltrials.gov ) registration numbers nct@ ( pearl iii ) and nct@ ( pearl iii extension ) ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "to evaluate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome ( mets ) and its association with physical capacity , disability , and self-rated health in older adults at high risk of mobility disability , including those with and without diabetes mellitus .", "cross-sectional analysis .", "lifestyle interventions and independence for elders ( life ) study .", "community-dwelling sedentary adults aged @ to @ at high risk of mobility disability ( short physical performance battery ( sppb ) score @ ; mean @ @ ) ( n = @,@ ) .", "metabolic syndrome was defined according to the @ multiagency harmonized criteria ; outcomes were physical capacity ( @-m walk time , grip strength , sppb score ) , disability ( composite @-item score ) , and self-rated health ( @-point scale ranging from excellent to poor ) .", "the prevalence of mets was @ % in the overall sample ( @ % of those with diabetes mellitus , @ % of those without ) .", "mets was associated with stronger grip strength ( mean difference ( ) = @ kg , p = @ ) in the overall sample and in participants without diabetes mellitus and with poorer self-rated health ( = @ kg , p < @ ) in the overall sample only .", "no significant differences were found in @-m walk time , sppb score , or disability score between participants with and without mets , in the overall sample or diabetes mellitus subgroups .", "metabolic dysfunction is highly prevalent in older adults at risk of mobility disability , yet consistent associations were not observed between mets and walking speed , lower extremity function , or self-reported disability after adjusting for known and potential confounders .", "longitudinal studies are needed to investigate whether mets accelerates declines in functional status in high-risk older adults and to inform clinical and public health interventions aimed at preventing or delaying disability in this group ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to verify the clinical efficacy on chronic fatigue syndrome of qi deficiency syndrome treated with acupuncture at selective time and explore the effect mechanism .", "eighty patients were randomized into a selective-time-acupuncture group and an acupuncture group , @ cases in each one .", "qihai ( cv @ ) , guanyuan ( cv @ ) , hegu ( li @ ) , taichong ( lr @ ) , sanyinjiao ( sp @ ) and zusanli ( st @ ) were selected in the two groups .", "in the selective-time-acupuncture group , acupuncture was used at @:@ am to @:@ am .", "in the acupuncture group , acupuncture was used at any time except in the range from @:@ am to @:@ am .", "no any manipulation was applied after the arrival of needling sensation .", "the treatment was given once every day , @ day treatment made one session and two sessions of treatment were required .", "the fatigue scale was adopted to evaluate the efficacy before and after treatment in the patients of the two groups .", "the ratios among cd@ + , cd@ + and cd@ + t cells in the peripheral blood were detected before ad b a after treatment .", "in the acupuncture group , the total score of fatigue and the score of physical fatigue were reduced after treatment as compared with those before treatment ( all p < @ ) .", "in the selective-time - acupuncture group , the total score of fatigue , the s core of physical fatigue and the score of mental fatigue after treatment were reduced obviously as compared with those hefore treatment ( all p < @ ) .", "the improvements in the scores of the selective-time-acupuncture group were superior to the acupuncture group ( all p < @ ) .", "the ratio of cd@ + and cd@ + t cells was increased obviously after treatment in the two groups ( all p < @ ) and the ratio of cd@ + and cd@ + t cells was reduced obviously in the selective-time-acupuncture group ( p < @ ) , which was better than that in the acupuncture group ( all p < @ ) .", "the total effective rate was @ % ( @/@ ) in the selective-time-acupuncture group , which was better than @ % ( @/@ ) in the acupuncture group ( p < @ ) .", "the acupuncture therapy at selective time is effective in the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome of qi deficiency syndrome , which is especially better at relieving mental fatigue .", "the effect of this therapy is achieved probably by improving the immune function via the regulation of the ratios among cd@ + , cd@ + and cd@ + t cells ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to understand whether using oral contraceptive pills ( ocps ) results in temporary interruption of bleeding for etonogestrel contraceptive implant users during a @-day course .", "in this double-blind trial , we randomly assigned etonogestrel implant users reporting @ consecutive days or more of bothersome bleeding to receive @ pills of study drug ( @ microgram levonorgestrel and @ microgram ethinyl estradiol combined ocps ) or an identical-appearing placebo .", "the primary outcome was the proportion of women in each group who stopped bleeding during therapy and continued to report no bleeding at the end of therapy .", "prespecified secondary outcomes were number of days until temporary interruption of bleeding occurred , number of days without bleeding during therapy , and number of days to recurrence of bleeding after discontinuation of therapy .", "we hypothesized that temporary interruption of bleeding would occur in @ % of the treatment group compared with @ % in the control group ; using @ % power , we needed a sample size of @ women .", "we performed intent-to-treat analysis .", "from november @ through december @ , @ women were screened and @ were randomized : ocps ( n = @ ) or placebo ( n = @ ) .", "the majority was young , caucasian women with reported bleeding as extremely or very annoying ; groups had similar baseline characteristics .", "participants randomized ocps were more likely ( @ of @ -lsb- @ % @ % -rsb- compared with six of @ -lsb- @ % @ % -rsb- ) to have a temporary interruption of bleeding during the study drug period ( odds ratio @ , @ % confidence interval @-@ @ ) .", "of women in the ocp arm who had a temporary interruption , @ % had bleeding recurrence within @ days after treatment .", "bothersome bleeding in etonogestrel contraceptive implant users will usually stop with @-day ocp treatment , but bleeding most often resumes within days of treatment cessation .", "clinicaltrials.gov , www.clinicaltrials.gov , nct@ .", "i." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS" ]

[ "examine longitudinal associations between sources of social support and social undermining for healthy eating and physical activity and weight change .", "data are from @ employed adults participating in a cluster-randomized multilevel weight gain prevention intervention .", "primary predictors included social support and social undermining for two types of behaviors ( healthy eating and physical activity ) from three sources ( family , friends , and coworkers ) obtained via self-administered surveys .", "the primary outcome ( weight in kg ) was measured by trained staff .", "data were collected at baseline , @ months , and @ months .", "linear multivariable models examined the association of support and social undermining with weight over time , adjusting for intervention status , time , gender , age , education , and clustering of individuals within schools .", "adjusting for all primary predictors and covariates , friend support for healthy eating ( = -@ ) , coworker support for healthy eating ( = -@ ) , and family support for physical activity ( = -@ ) were associated with weight reduction at @ months ( p-values < @ ) .", "family social undermining for healthy eating was associated with weight gain at @ months ( = @ ; p = @ ) .", "among adult employees , friend and coworker support for healthy eating and family support for physical activity predicted improved weight management .", "interventions that help adults navigate family social undermining of healthy eating are warranted ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "we assessed the impact of hot flashes and various forms of hormone therapy on health-related quality of life and sexual well-being in recently postmenopausal women .", "we prospectively interviewed @ healthy women about hot flashes and health-related quality of life ( using the women 's health questionnaire and the mccoy female sexuality questionnaire ) , menopause-related symptoms , and general health .", "the women were classified into those with ( n = @ ) and without ( n = @ ) hot flashes and treated for @ months with transdermal estradiol ( @ mg/d ) , oral estradiol ( @ mg/d ) with or without medroxyprogesterone acetate ( @ mg/d ) , or placebo .", "at baseline , hot flashes contributed most strongly to poor sleep ( correlation coefficient r = -@ , p < @ ) , somatic symptoms such as muscle pains ( r = -@ , p < @ ) , menstrual cycle-resembling complaints ( r = -@ , p < @ ) , anxiety and fears ( r = -@ , p < @ ) , decreased memory and concentration ( r = -@ , p = @ ) , and sexual behavior ( r = -@ , p = @ ) .", "the different hormone therapy regimens alleviated hot flashes equally effectively and were therefore combined into a single group for further analysis .", "in women with baseline flashes , hormone therapy use significantly improved the scores for sleep ( @ -lsb- @ -rsb- vs @ -lsb- @ -rsb- , hormone therapy vs placebo , p = @ , at @ mo ) , memory and concentration capacity ( @ -lsb- @ -rsb- vs @ -lsb- @ -rsb- , p < @ , at @ mo ) , and anxiety and fears ( @ -lsb- @ -rsb- vs @ -lsb- @ -rsb- , p = @ , at @ mo ) .", "hormone therapy use showed no significant impact on these variables in women without baseline flashes .", "hot flashes contribute differently to various variables affecting health-related quality of life shortly after menopause .", "estradiol or an estradiol-medroxyprogesterone acetate combination similarly alleviates hot flashes and improves health-related quality of life in relation to elimination of hot flashes .", "hormone therapy use does not confer any detectable quality-of-life benefit over placebo in women without disturbing baseline flashes ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "a restricted sympathetic block during spinal anesthesia may minimize hemodynamic changes .", "this prospective randomized study compared unilateral and bilateral spinal anesthesia with respect to the intra - and postoperative advantages and complications of each technique .", "spinal anesthesia was induced with @ % hyperbaric bupivacaine and a @-g quincke needle ( dr. j ) in two groups of patients with physical status asa i-ii who had been admitted for orthopedic surgeries .", "in group a , dural puncture was performed with the patient in a seated position using @ cm ( @ ) of hyperbaric bupivacaine .", "each patient was then placed in the supine position .", "in group b , dural puncture was performed with the patient in the lateral decubitus position with @ cm ( @ ) of hyperbaric bupivacaine .", "the lower limb was the target limb .", "the speed of injection was @ ml/@s , and the duration of time spent in the lateral decubitus position was @ min .", "the demographic data were similar in both groups .", "the time to the onset of the sensory and motor block was significantly shorter in group a ( p = @ ) .", "the duration of motor and sensory block was shorter in group b ( p < @ ) .", "the success rate for unilateral spinal anesthesia in group b was @ % .", "in two patients , the spinal block spread to the non-dependent side .", "the incidence of complications ( nausea , headache , and hypotension ) was lower in group b ( p = @ ) .", "when unilateral spinal anesthesia was performed using a low-dose , low-volume and low-flow injection technique , it provides adequate sensory-motor block and helps to achieve stable hemodynamic parameters during orthopedic surgery on a lower limb .", "patients were more satisfied with this technique as opposed to the conventional approach .", "furthermore , this technique avoids unnecessary paralysis on the non-operated side ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "this study aimed to establish the noninferiority of a single-freeze application with co@ or n@o compared with the standard double freeze with n@o for cryotherapy treatment .", "sixty women undergoing hysterectomy for reasons other than cervical cancer or precancer were randomized to @ of @ techniques as follows : ( @ ) double freeze with n@o , ( @ ) single freeze with n@o , or ( @ ) single freeze with co@ .", "the cervix was separated and cut into anterior and posterior segments , and the deepest area of necrosis was recorded .", "comparisons were made using regression analysis .", "the margin of noninferiority was defined as @ mm .", "on the anterior lip , a single freeze with n@o was noninferior to a double freeze of the same gas , but on the posterior lip , the single freeze was not .", "the single freeze of co@ did not provide sufficient depth of necrosis in either lip to infer noninferiority versus the double freeze with n@o .", "a single freeze with n@o is noninferior to a double-freeze technique in the anterior but not the posterior lip .", "however , the result for posterior lips was close to reaching statistical significance .", "in addition , co@ had approximately @ mm shallower depth of necrosis compared with n@o techniques ; however , the clinical implications are unknown .", "given the extensive use of co@ globally , further clinical evaluation is needed ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "vitamin d repletion with high doses of vitamin d is often recommended to patients and healthy subjects .", "the safety , especially concerning changes in urinary calcium excretion is of great importance .", "in a double-blinded , placebo-controlled study in @ healthy volunteers , we examined the changes in mineral metabolism during supplementation with @ iu of oral cholecalciferol daily during @ months .", "both @ ( oh ) vitamin d and @,@ ( oh ) @vitamin d increased significantly in the active treated group as compared to the placebo group ( @ % versus @ % ( p < @ ) and @ % versus -@ % ( p < @ ) ) .", "no change was observed in urinary calcium excretion in the active group compared to the placebo group ( p = @ ) .", "fibroblast growth factor @ increased significantly by @ % ( p < @ ) in the active group .", "however , there was no difference in changes in fgf@ between treatment groups ( p = @ ) .", "high dose cholecalciferol significantly increases @ ( oh ) vitamin d and @,@ ( oh ) @vitamin d levels compared to placebo .", "no changes in urinary calcium excretion or other measured components of the mineral metabolism were found between groups .", "clinicaltrials.gov nct@ ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "the present study analyses the relation between smoking status and the parameters used to assess vascular structure and function .", "this cross-sectional , multi-centre study involved a random sample of @ participants from the evident study .", "the smoking status , peripheral augmentation index and ankle-brachial index were measured in all participants .", "in a small subset of the main population ( @ participants ) , the carotid intima-media thickness and pulse wave velocity were also measured .", "after controlling for the effect of age , sex and other risk factors , present smokers have higher values of carotid intima-media thickness ( p = @ ) .", "along the same lines , current smokers have higher values of pulse wave velocity and lower mean values of ankle-brachial index but without statistical significance in both cases .", "among the parameters of vascular structure and function analysed , only the imt shows association with the smoking status , after adjusting for confounders ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "children in sub-saharan africa ( ssa ) are burdened by significant unmet mental health needs , but this region has limited access to mental health workers and resources to address these needs .", "despite the successes of numerous school-based interventions for promoting child mental health , most evidence-based interventions are not available in ssa .", "this study will investigate the transportability of an evidence-based program from a developed country ( united states ) to a ssa country ( uganda ) .", "the approach includes task-shifting to early childhood teachers and consists of professional development ( five days ) to introduce strategies for effective behavior management and positive teacher-student interactions , and group-based consultation ( @ sessions ) to support adoption of effective practices and tailoring to meet the needs of individual students .", "the design of this study is guided by two implementation frameworks , the consolidated framework for implementation research and the teacher training implementation model , that consider multidimensional aspects of intervention fidelity and contextual predictors that may influence implementation and teacher outcomes .", "using a cluster randomized design , @ schools in uganda will be randomized to either the intervention group ( five schools ) or the waitlist control group ( five schools ) .", "a total of @ to @ early childhood teachers will be enrolled in the study .", "teacher utilization of evidence-based strategies and practices will be assessed at baseline , immediate post-intervention ( six months after baseline ) , and at seven months post-intervention ( during a new academic year ) .", "fidelity measures will be assessed throughout the program implementation period ( during professional development and consultation sessions ) .", "individual teacher and contextual factors will be assessed at baseline .", "data will be collected from multiple sources .", "linear mixed-effect modeling , adjusting for school nesting , will be applied to address study questions .", "the study will produce important information regarding the value of an evidence-based early intervention , and a theory-guided implementation process and tools designed for use in implementing early childhood evidence-based programs in ssa countries or resource-constrained community settings .", "this trial was registered with clinicaltrials.gov ( registration number : nct@ ) on @ may @ ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "soft-tissue augmentation with fillers is an aesthetic procedure for restoring age-related volume loss .", "to compare neocollagenesis and elastin production stimulated by radiesse ( calcium hydroxylapatite ; caha , merz pharmaceuticals gmbh ) and a hyaluronic acid-based filler ( ha ; juvderm voluma ) .", "twenty-four women , aged @-@ , participated in this split-face , comparative study .", "punch biopsies were taken @ and @ months after supraperiostal injection of each filler into the ipsilateral or contralateral postauricular area .", "samples were analyzed for collagens type i and iii , elastin , ki-@ , and inflammatory and angiogenic markers .", "at month @ , collagen type iii was greater with caha vs ha ( p = @ ) .", "by month @ , type i staining was higher with caha vs ha ( p = @ ) , whereas type iii was lower with caha than ha ( p = @ ) .", "staining for elastin , ki-@ and angiogenesis was greatest with caha at both timepoints .", "inflammatory markers increased most with ha treatment .", "caha resulted in more active , physiologic remodeling of the extracellular matrix than ha by stimulating a two-step process whereby collagen type i gradually replaced type iii .", "increased elastin stimulated by caha also indicates active remodeling .", "the results of this study suggest that , in the first @ months after treatment , by reconstituting tissue homeostasis without inducing inflammation suggests caha has more desirable characteristics for a dermal filler than ha ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "experimental evidence suggests that the inhalational anesthetic sevoflurane has a cardioprotective effect .", "our objective was to determine if sedation with sevoflurane will reduce infarct size in patients with acute myocardial infarction ( mi ) who are treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention ( pci ) .", "we randomized @ patients presenting with a first acute st-elevation mi treated by primary pci within @ hours from symptom onset to sedation with sevoflurane inhalation or standard sedation ( control ) .", "coronary flow at the end of pci was assessed by corrected thrombolysis in myocardial infarction frame count .", "myocardial reperfusion was assessed by st-segment resolution @ minutes post-pci .", "infarct size was assessed by release of creatinine kinase ( ck ) and troponin t.", "there was no difference in the primary end point : troponin t or ck release adjusted to the area at risk , between groups .", "however , among patients with anterior mi , there was a trend toward lower ck ( p = @ ) and nonsignificant decrease in troponin ( p = @ ) levels in the sevoflurane group .", "corrected thrombolysis in myocardial infarction frame count was @ @ in the sevoflurane group and @ @ in the control group ( p = @ ) .", "there was more st resolution in patients treated by sevoflurane @ % @ % versus @ % @ % ( p = @ ) .", "sevoflurane had no significant adverse effect during administration .", "sevoflurane administration during primary pci did not reduce infarct size .", "there was a trend toward a reduction in infarct size among patients with anterior mi .", "sevoflurane administration was associated with improvement in st-segment resolution ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to compare a motivational intervention ( mi ) focused on increasing involvement in @-step groups ( tsgs ; e.g. alcoholics anonymous ) versus brief advice ( ba ) to attend tsgs .", "patients were assigned randomly to either the mi or ba condition , and followed-up at @ months after discharge .", "one hundred and forty substance use disorder ( sud ) patients undergoing in-patient detoxification ( detox ) in norway .", "the primary outcome was tsg affiliation measured with the alcoholics anonymous affiliation scale ( aaas ) , which combines meeting attendance and tsg involvement .", "substance use and problem severity were also measured .", "at @ months after treatment , compared with the ba group , the mi group had higher tsg affiliation -lsb- @ point higher aaas score ; @ % confidence interval ( ci ) = @ to @ ; p = @ -rsb- .", "the mi group reported @ fewer days of alcohol use ( @ versus @ days ; @ % ci = -@ to -@ ; p = @ ) and @ fewer days of drug use ( @ versus @ days ; @ % ci = -@ to -@ ; p = @ ) ; however , abstinence rates and severity scores did not differ between conditions .", "analyses controlling for duration of in-patient treatment did not alter the results .", "a motivational intervention in an in-patient detox ward was more successful than brief advice in terms of patient engagement in @-step groups and reduced substance use at @ months after discharge .", "there is a potential benefit of adding a maintenance-focused element to standard detox ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to compare epithelial connective tissue graft vs porcine collagen matrix for sealing postextraction sockets grafted with deproteinised bovine bone .", "a total of @ patients , who needed a maxillary tooth to be extracted between their premolars and required a delayed , fixed , single implant-supported restoration , had their teeth atraumatically extracted and their sockets grafted with deproteinised bovine bone .", "patients were randomised according to a parallel group design into two arms : socket sealing with epithelial connective tissue graft ( group a ) vs porcine collagen matrix ( group b ) .", "outcome measures were : implant success and survival rate , complications , horizontal and vertical alveolar bone dimensional changes measured on cone beam computed tomography ( cbct ) scans at three levels localised @ , @ , and @ mm below the most coronal aspect of the bone crest ( levels a , b , and c ) ; and between the palatal and buccal wall peaks ( level d ) ; and peri-implant marginal bone level changes measured on periapical radiographs .", "@ patients were randomised to group a and @ to group b. no patients dropped out .", "no failed implants or complications were reported @ year after implant placement .", "five months after tooth extraction there were no statistically significant differences between the @ groups for both horizontal and vertical alveolar bone dimensional changes .", "at level a the difference was @ @ ; @ % ci @ to @ mm ( p = @ ) , at level b it was @ @ ; @ % ci -@ to @ ( p = @ ) , at level c it was @ @ ; @ % ci -@ to @ mm ( p = @ ) and at level d it was @ @ ; @ % ci -@ to @ mm ( p = @ ) .", "one year after implant placement there were no statistically significant differences between the @ groups for peri-implant marginal bone level changes ( difference : @ @ mm ; @ % ci -@ to @ ; p = @ ) .", "when teeth extractions were performed atraumatically and sockets were filled with deproteinised bovine bone , sealing the socket with a porcine collagen matrix or a epithelial connective tissue graft showed similar outcomes .", "the use of porcine collagen matrix allowed simplification of treatment because no palatal donor site was involved ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "standard treatment for patients with chronic hepatitis c genotype @ ( chc g-@ ) infection includes pegylated interferon plus ribavirin ( peg-rbv ) for @ weeks .", "shorter treatment regimen would be more acceptable due to lower cost and fewer side-effects .", "we aimed to compare the efficacy of @ week peg-rbv therapy with standard @ week therapy in chc g-@ patients who achieve complete early virological response ( cevr ) .", "consecutive treatment-nave patients with chc g-@ were treated with pegylated interferon a@b ( @ g/kg/week ) or @a ( @ g/week ) and weight based ribavirin .", "patients who achieved cevr at @ weeks -lsb- undetectable hcv rna irrespective of rvr ( rapid virological response ) -rsb- were randomized into - group a ( @ weeks therapy ) and group b ( @ weeks therapy ) .", "primary end-point was achievement of sustained virological response ( svr ) at @ weeks of follow up .", "out of the total @ patients started on treatment , @ ( @ % ) achieved cevr , and were randomized into group a ( n = @ ) and group b ( n = @ ) .", "fifty-five ( @ % ) patients in group a and @ ( @ % ) in group b completed therapy .", "the overall svr rate in group a was @ % ( @/@ ) and group b was @ % ( @/@ ) ( p = @ ) .", "svr rates in the two groups were comparable in all patient sub-groups according to factors like viral load ( or > @,@ iu/ml ) , rvr ( achieved/not achieved ) , age ( or > @ years ) , body mass index ( or > @ ) and cirrhosis ( present/absent ) .", "in chc g-@ patients who achieve cevr , @ weeks peg-rbv therapy is as effective as standard @ weeks therapy , irrespective of other host or virological factors ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to compare the analgesic efficacy of @ types of anesthetic techniques-topical and topical associated with cryoanalgesia-during cataract surgery .", "department of ophthalmology , university of so paulo , ribeiro preto , brazil .", "prospective randomized study .", "patients with symmetrical bilateral cataract had phacoemulsification with the use of an intraocular irrigation solution at room temperature in @ eye and a cold ( @c ) solution in the contralateral eye ( group @ ) .", "the pain related to the procedure was assessed using a visual analog scale ranging from @ to @ , with @ representing no pain and @ the worst pain .", "in addition , endothelial cell loss , the change in corneal thickness , and visual acuity were evaluated @ days @ ( sd ) after each surgery .", "the surgery duration , total irrigation volume , phacoemulsification time , and ultrasound power used were analyzed .", "the study enrolled @ patients ( @ eyes ) .", "there was no statistically significant difference in the mean pain score between group @ ( @ @ ) and group @ ( @ @ ) ( p = @ , paired t test ) .", "no significant difference was found in the mean corneal endothelial cell loss ( group @ : @ % @ % ; group @ : @ % @ % ; p = @ ) , corneal thickness increase ( group @ : @ @ m ; group @ : @ @ m ; p = @ ) , or visual acuity gain ( group @ : @ @ logmar ; group @ : @ @ logmar ; p = @ ) .", "there is no difference in the intensity of pain during phacoemulsification with the use of topical anesthesia or topical anesthesia associated with cryoanalgesia .", "no author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "to assess the effectiveness of acupuncture combined with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( ssris ) for patients with depression in hospital using a pragmatic randomised controlled trial .", "@ patients with depression were randomly divided into two groups ( randomisation ratio @:@ for treatment and control groups ( cgs ) , respectively ) and @ patients completed the study .", "the @ patients in the treatment group ( tg ) underwent acupuncture and received an ssri and the @ patients in the cg received an ssri only .", "the @-item hamilton depression rating scale ( hdrs-@ ) was used to quantitatively assess patients after @ , @ , @ and @weeks of treatment .", "the mean ( sd ) baseline total hdrs scores were @ ( @ ) and @ ( @ ) in the tg and cg , respectively .", "after the first week of treatment the hdrs score for the tg was reduced to @ ( @ ) , significantly different from the score of @ ( @ ) for the cg , p < @ .", "this significant difference was maintained to the end of the @-week treatment period , when hdrs scores had fallen to @ ( @ ) and @ ( @ ) for the tg and cg , respectively .", "acupuncture combined with an ssri showed a statistically significant benefit for patients with depression in hospital over the @-week period compared with ssris alone .", "this reduction in symptoms started in the first week and continued throughout the @weeks of treatment ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the aim of this study was to evaluate the population pharmacokinetics ( pk ) and exposure-response relationship of edoxaban in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation ( af ) .", "concentration data from @,@ subjects in @ clinical studies ( eight phase i , one phase ii , and two phase iii ) were used to perform a population pk analysis , including estimation of the bioavailability and quantification of the effects of p-glycoprotein ( p-gp ) inhibitors as well as renal impairment on edoxaban pk .", "the potential relationship between edoxaban pk exposure and incidence of bleeding events was explored based on data from @ af patients .", "absolute bioavailability of edoxaban was estimated as @ % .", "with oral dosing of edoxaban , co-administration of various p-gp inhibitors significantly increased edoxaban bioavailability and decreased volume of distribution ( v @ ) , resulting in a predicted increase of @-@ % in area under the curve ( auc ) and @-@ % in c max .", "a much smaller increase was seen in edoxaban concentration at @ h post-dose ( c @ , -@ to @ % ) , due to decreased v @ and shortened elimination half-life .", "with iv dosing of edoxaban , co-administration of the p-gp inhibitor quinidine decreased both edoxaban clearance ( cl ) and v @ , resulting in an increase of @ % in auc and @ % in c @ .", "creatinine clearance was a significant covariate on renal clearance , whereas age and body weight significantly affected nonrenal clearance .", "model-predicted steady state c min was slightly higher , but auc was comparable for patients who had severe renal impairment and received edoxaban @ mg once daily ( qd ) versus patients who had normal renal function or mild renal impairment and received edoxaban @ mg qd .", "exposure-response analysis suggested that edoxaban c min and country/region are significantly associated with the incidence of bleeds .", "the model provided reasonable estimation with regard to the absolute bioavailability of edoxaban , the magnitude of change in edoxaban exposure upon co-administration of p-gp inhibitors , and the impact of renal impairment on edoxaban clearance .", "analysis results supported a @ % dose reduction scheme for subjects with severe renal impairment .", "further confirmation will be sought by incorporating clinical safety and efficacy information from larger phase iii trials ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "we sought to determine if outcomes with exercise training in heart failure ( hf ) vary according to ventricular pacing type .", "heart failure : a controlled trial investigating outcomes of exercise training ( hf-action ) randomized @,@ outpatients with hf and left ventricular ejection fraction @ % to usual care plus exercise training or usual care alone .", "we examined the relationship between outcomes and randomized treatment according to ventricular pacing status with the use of cox proportional hazards modeling .", "in hf-action @,@ patients ( @ % ) had an implanted cardiac rhythm device : @ with right ventricular ( rv ) and @ with biventricular ( biv ) pacemakers .", "patients with pacing devices were older , more frequently white , and had lower peak vo@ ( p < @ for all ) .", "peak vo@ improved similarly with training in groups with and without pacing devices .", "the primary composite end point-all-cause death or hospitalization-was reduced only in patients randomized to exercise training without a device ( hazard ratio -lsb- hr -rsb- @ , @ % confidence interval -lsb- ci -rsb- @-@ @ -lsb- p = @ -rsb- ; rv lead : hr @ , @ % ci @-@ @ -lsb- p = @ -rsb- ; biv pacing : hr @ , @ % ci @-@ @ -lsb- p = @ -rsb- ; interaction p = @ ) .", "exercise training may improve exercise capacity in patients with implanted cardiac devices .", "however , the apparent beneficial effects of exercise on hospitalization or death may be attenuated in patients with implanted cardiac devices and requires further study ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase @ ( dpp@ ) is thought to intensify the physiological effects of the incretin hormones .", "we investigated the effects of dpp@ inhibition on plasma levels of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide ( gip ) , glucagon-like peptide @ ( glp@ ) , incretin effect , glucose tolerance , gastrointestinal-mediated glucose disposal ( gigd ) and gastric emptying in healthy subjects .", "a randomised , controlled and open-labelled study .", "ten healthy subjects ( six women ; age , @ years ( means.e.m . )", "; bmi , @kg/m ( @ ) ; fasting plasma glucose , @ mmol/l and hba@c , @mmol/mol ( @ % ) ) were randomised to two-paired study days comprising a @-h @g oral glucose tolerance test ( ogtt ) with paracetamol ( a ) and an isoglycaemic intravenous ( i.v. ) glucose infusion ( b ) , with ( a@ + b@ ) and without ( a@ + b@ ) preceding administration of the dpp@ inhibitor sitagliptin .", "isoglycaemia was obtained in all subjects on the paired study days .", "significant increases in fasting levels and ogtt-induced responses of active glp@ and gip were seen after dpp@ inhibition .", "no significant impact of dpp@ inhibition on fasting plasma glucose ( @ vs @ mmol/l , p = @ ) , glucose tolerance ( area under the curve ( auc ) for plasma glucose , @ vs @mmol/lmin , p = @ ) or peak plasma glucose during ogtt ( @ vs @ mmol/l , p = @ ) was observed .", "neither incretin effect ( @ % ( without dpp@ inhibitor ) vs @ % ( with dpp@ inhibitor ) , p = @ ) , glucagon responses ( @ vs @pmol/lmin , p = @ ) , gigd ( @ vs @ % , p = @ ) nor gastric emptying ( tmax for plasma paracetamol : @ vs @min , p = @ ) changed following dpp@ inhibition .", "these results suggest that acute increases in active incretin hormone levels do not affect glucose tolerance , gigd , incretin effect , glucagon responses or gastric emptying in healthy subjects ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "patients @ years old ( `` older '' ) are often not included in randomized clinical trials ( rct ) , but when they are , care in an rct might improve quality of life ( qol ) .", "we conducted a prospective comparison of qol among older women receiving standard chemotherapy from the same cooperative group physicians in an rct vs. an observational study ( `` off-trial '' ) .", "older women with invasive , non-metastatic breast cancer ( n = @ rct ; @ off-trial ) were included .", "linear mixed-effects models tested associations between chemotherapy on - vs. off-trial and changes in eortc ( european organisation for research and treatment of cancer quality of life questionnaire ) qol scores over @ months , controlling for pre-treatment qol , age , education , tumor factors , comorbidity , and other covariates .", "anthracycline regimens were used by @ % of women treated on-trial vs. @ % of those treated off-trial .", "women in the rct reported an adjusted mean increase of @ points ( @ % ci @ , @ ) in global qol at @ months ( vs. mid-treatment ) , while women treated off-trial had only an adjusted improvement of @ points ( @ % ci @ , @ ; p = @ for difference in mean changes ) .", "women in the rct had significantly greater improvement in emotional function than those treated off-trial , controlling for baseline ; they also had greater reductions in therapy side effects and fatigue at @ months than women off-trial , controlling for covariates .", "there may be different qol trajectories for older women undergoing breast cancer chemotherapy on - vs. off-trial .", "if confirmed , the results suggest that the extra monitoring and communication within an rct could provide the infrastructure for interventions to address symptoms and improve qol for the growing older cancer population ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "acute cellular rejection ( ar ) after lung transplantation may result in significant morbidity and mortality both on the short and long term .", "transbronchial biopsy through flexible bronchoscopy is highly sensitive for the diagnosis of ar , but reproducibility of histopathologic interpretation is less convincing .", "probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy ( pcle ) , a novel imaging tool in the field of respiratory medicine , enables real-time imaging of the pulmonary acini .", "we performed @ bronchoscopies in lung transplant recipients , combining both transbronchial biopsies and pcle .", "we conducted an observational survey for pcle findings in ar .", "calculations for cellularity showed a median cell count ( aca ) of @ ( iqr @ to @ ) cells per microscopic field for ar and @ ( iqr @ to @ ) cells per microscopic field for matched controls ( p = @ ) .", "cellular autofluorescence in the ar group was @,@ ( @ ) units and @ ( @ ) units for the matched controls ( p = @ ) .", "autofluorescent cells were present in @ % ( @ ) of the recorded frames in the ar group and in only @ % ( @ ) of the recorded frames in the control group ( p = @ ) .", "contingency analysis for the presence/absence of aca in the ar group versus the control group showed a sensitivity of @ and a specificity of @ ( relative risk = @ -lsb- @ % ci @ to @ -rsb- , p = @ ) .", "the consecutive application of @ pcle criteria resulted in a sensitivity of @ and a specificity of @ for detection of ar .", "our observational survey suggests the existence of specific pcle characteristics in patients with ar .", "further efforts are necessary to validate these findings prospectively ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "noroviruses are the most common cause of gastroenteritis in the united states .", "an understanding of the infectious dose of these viruses is important for risk assessment studies .", "healthy adults were enrolled in a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled evaluation of different dosages of norwalk virus .", "eligible subjects were monitored for clinical gastroenteritis , and infection status was determined .", "the presence of virus in vomitus was also assessed .", "fifty-seven persons were enrolled ; @ received placebo and an additional @ persons were considered to be nonsusceptible on the basis of being secretor negative .", "twenty-one persons were infected ( all blood group o or a ) , and @ % of those infected developed viral gastroenteritis .", "the @ % human infectious dose was calculated to be @ reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction units ( approximately @ genomic equivalents -lsb- geq -rsb- ) for secretor-positive blood group o or a persons and @ ( approximately @ geq ) for all secretor-positive persons .", "the time of illness onset was inversely correlated with inoculum dose .", "the maximal concentration of virus shedding was higher for persons with gastroenteritis .", "norwalk virus was identified in @ of @ ( @ % ) vomitus samples at a median concentration of @ @ geq/ml .", "the @ % human infectious dose measured is higher than previous estimates and similar to that of other rna viruses .", "clinical trials registrationnct@ ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "hospital readmissions for acute exacerbations of copd ( aecopds ) pose burdens to the health-care system and patients .", "a current gap in knowledge is whether a predischarge screening and educational tool administered to patients with copd reduces readmissions and ed visits .", "a single-center , randomized trial of admitted patients with aecopds was conducted at henry ford hospital between february @ and april @ .", "one hundred seventy-two patients were randomized to either the control ( standard care ) or the bundle group in which patients received smoking cessation counseling , screening for gastroesophageal reflux disease and depression or anxiety , standardized inhaler education , and a @-h postdischarge telephone call .", "the primary end point was the difference in the composite risk of hospitalizations or ed visits for aecopd between the two groups in the @ days following discharge .", "a secondary end point was @-day readmission rate .", "of the @ patients , @ of @ in the control group ( @ % ) and @ of @ in the bundle group ( @ % ) were readmitted within @ days .", "the risk of ed visits or hospitalizations within @ days was not different between the groups ( risk difference , -@ % ; @ % ci , -@ % to @ % ; p = @ ) .", "overall , the time to readmission in @ and @ days was similar between groups ( log-rank test p = @ and @ , respectively ) .", "a predischarge bundle intervention in aecopd is not sufficient to reduce the @-day risk of hospitalizations or ed visits .", "more resources may be needed to generate a measurable effect on readmission rates .", "clinicaltrials.gov ; no. : nct@ ; url : www.clinicaltrials.gov ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "opioid-induced constipation is common and debilitating .", "we investigated the efficacy and safety of naloxegol , an oral , peripherally acting , - opioid receptor antagonist , for the treatment of opioid-induced constipation .", "in two identical phase @ , double-blind studies ( study @ , @ participants ; study @ , @ participants ) , outpatients with noncancer pain and opioid-induced constipation were randomly assigned to receive a daily dose of @ or @ mg of naloxegol or placebo .", "the primary end point was the @-week response rate ( @ spontaneous bowel movements per week and an increase from baseline of @ spontaneous bowel movements for @ of @ weeks and for @ of the final @ weeks ) in the intention-to-treat population .", "the key secondary end points were the response rate in the subpopulation of patients with an inadequate response to laxatives before enrollment , time to first postdose spontaneous bowel movement , and mean number of days per week with one or more spontaneous bowel movements .", "response rates were significantly higher with @ mg of naloxegol than with placebo ( intention-to-treat population : study @ , @ % vs. @ % , p = @ ; study @ , @ % vs. @ % , p = @ ; patients with an inadequate response to laxatives : study @ , @ % vs. @ % , p = @ ; study @ , @ % vs. @ % , p = @ ) ; in study @ , response rates were also higher in the group treated with @ mg of naloxegol ( intention-to-treat population , @ % vs. @ % , p = @ ; patients with an inadequate response to laxatives , @ % vs. @ % , p = @ ) .", "a shorter time to the first postdose spontaneous bowel movement and a higher mean number of days per week with one or more spontaneous bowel movements were observed with @ mg of naloxegol versus placebo in both studies ( p < @ ) and with @ mg of naloxegol in study @ ( p < @ ) .", "pain scores and daily opioid dose were similar among the three groups .", "adverse events ( primarily gastrointestinal ) occurred most frequently in the groups treated with @ mg of naloxegol .", "treatment with naloxegol , as compared with placebo , resulted in a significantly higher rate of treatment response , without reducing opioid-mediated analgesia .", "( funded by astrazeneca ; kodiac-@ and kodiac-@ clinicaltrials.gov numbers , nct@ and nct@ , respectively . )" ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "patients with a pacing indication and first-degree atrioventricular ( av ) - block pose a clinical challenge .", "the prognostic impact of first-degree av-block in patients with sinus node dysfunction and the impact of pacing in this setting are not known .", "in the mode selection trial ( most ) , @,@ patients with sinus node dysfunction were randomized to either dual-chamber ( ddd-r ) or ventricular ( vvi-r ) pacing and followed for a median of @ months .", "we report on clinical outcomes in patients with first-degree av-block ( pr interval > @ ms ) compared with patients who had a normal pr interval at baseline .", "patients with first-degree av-block ( n = @ ) were older ( median -lsb- q@ , q@ -rsb- ; @ -lsb- @ , @ -rsb- years vs @ -lsb- @ , @ -rsb- years , p < @ ) , more often male ( @ % vs @ % , p = @ ) , and had more comorbidity , such as hypertension ( @ % vs @ % , p = @ ) and heart failure ( @ % vs @ % , p = @ ) than patients with normal av-conduction ( n = @,@ ) .", "in multivariable analyses , patients with first-degree av-block were at greater risk of death , stroke , or heart failure hospitalization ( hazard ratio -lsb- hr -rsb- @ , @ % confidence interval -lsb- ci -rsb- @-@ @ , p = @ ) .", "a trend towards a higher incidence of atrial fibrillation was seen ( hr @ , @ % ci @-@ @ , p = @ ) .", "no significant interactions between pacing arm and prolonged versus normal pr were found for any endpoint , and hazard ratios were consistent across subgroups .", "first-degree av-block is associated with more advanced disease but is still an independent predictor of poor clinical outcome .", "neither ddd-r nor vvi-r pacing , as employed in most , eliminate the negative effects associated with first-degree av-block ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "this study evaluated the pharmacokinetics of a granule formulation of dolutegravir developed as an alternative to tablets for use in paediatric populations .", "a randomized , open-label study in healthy adults was carried out .", "subjects received five treatments in a crossover design : a single dose of dolutegravir @ mg as a tablet and dolutegravir @ mg in @ g of granule administered directly to mouth or mixed with purified water , water containing high cation concentrations or milk-based infant formula .", "study treatments were separated by @ days .", "safety evaluations and serial pharmacokinetic sampling were done during each treatment period .", "a non-compartmental pharmacokinetic analysis was performed ; geometric least-squares mean ratios and @ % cis were generated for treatment comparison .", "palatability was assessed by questionnaire .", "plasma dolutegravir exposures in all granule treatment arms exceeded those of tablet formulation .", "the mean area under the curve from time @ to infinity ( auc ( @ - ) ) and maximum concentrations were @-@ % and @-@ % higher , respectively .", "pharmacokinetics were similar when dolutegravir was mixed with purified or cation-containing water .", "dolutegravir was well tolerated , with no withdrawals due to adverse events .", "taste was rated acceptable for all treatments .", "the exposure of dolutegravir after administration of granule formulation alone , with different types of water and with milk formula , exceeded that of the tablet .", "the similarity of dolutegravir exposure seen with the granule formulation demonstrates that dolutegravir granule can be given without restriction on the type of liquid or can be administered directly to the mouth ( for example , when potable water is not available ) ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to establish during late gestation and early lactation the effects of supplementing silymarin , a natural hepatoprotective substance , combined with a powerful antioxidant , lycopene , on milk production and on serum biomarkers of oxidative status .", "italian friesian dairy cows were given individually a supplement containing a mixture of silymarin ( @ g/day/cow ) and lycopene ( @ g/day/cow ) ( n = @ ) or no supplement ( control ; n = @ ) .", "treatment was administered from @ days before the expected calving date to the first @ days in milk .", "at @ days before the expected calving date , at calving , and @ days postpartum , body condition score ( bcs ) and concentrations in serum of reactive oxygen metabolites ( rom ) , total antioxidant capacity ( oxy ) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances ( tbars ) were evaluated .", "bodyweight , milk production , and somatic cell count ( scc ) were determined at @ , @ and @ days postpartum .", "the mean time of treatment prior to calving was @ ( min @ , max @ ) days .", "compared with control cows , treatment increased energy corrected milk yield ( @ vs. @ ( sem @ ) kg/day ; p = @ ) and milk fat yield ( @ vs. @ ( sem @ ) kg/day ; p = @ ) over the first @ days of lactation .", "treated cows had lower mean log@ scc compared to control cows ( @ vs. @ ( sem @ ) log@ cells/ml ) and had lower overall concentration of tbars ( @ vs. @ ( sem @ ) nm/ml ; p < @ ) , but similar concentrations of rom and oxy in serum .", "however there was a treatment by time interaction ( p = @ ) for oxy , and at calving mean oxy was higher in treated cows compared with pre-calving values ( p < @ ) .", "despite the acknowledged limitation of the study , i.e. the small number of animals , our results suggest that silymarin and lycopene , as health-beneficial feed supplements , may help dairy cows in metabolic adaptation during the first stages of lactation .", "during the peripartum period dairy cows suffer moderate-to-severe fatty liver and from an overproduction of free radicals .", "the supplementation of a mixture of silymarin and lycopene during these stressful days may be useful to mitigate these metabolic disorders with beneficial effects on the subsequent lactation ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "part @ of this phase iii study was a randomized , double-blind , parallel-group , placebo-controlled , multicenter study of caregiver administered diazepam auto-injector ( ai ) in subjects with acute repetitive seizures ( ars ) and demonstrated that diazepam ai was well-tolerated and significantly more effective than placebo ai in delaying the time to next seizure or rescue .", "part @ of this study , presented herein , was an open-label continuation to assess the long-term safety and effectiveness of diazepam ai for the treatment of ars .", "of the @ subjects randomized in part @ , @ continued into part @ and were provided open-label diazepam ai .", "effectiveness measures were time to next seizure or rescue , number of subsequent rescues by type ( rescue medication , emergency room visit , or other medical care ) , and number of subsequent seizures during the @-h follow-up period .", "safety data ( adverse events and respirations < @/min ) were also collected .", "during the open-label part @ study , @ subjects were administered a total of @,@ diazepam ai treatments ( median @ ; range @-@ ) , of which @,@ ( @ % ) were effective with no subsequent seizure or rescue during the @-h follow-up period .", "median number of subsequent seizures experienced by subjects was one ( range @-@ ) .", "of the @,@ administrations , @ ( @ % ) required use of rescue medication , @ ( @ % ) required a visit to an emergency room , and @ ( @ % ) required other rescue medical care .", "in most ( @ % ) of subjects with treatment-emergent adverse events ( teaes ) , teaes were mild or moderate in severity .", "commonly reported treatment-related teaes were injection-site pain ( @ % ) , injection-site hemorrhage ( @ % ) , and injection-site bruising ( @ % ) .", "although three subjects met the predefined respiratory rate threshold , none were considered clinically significant or reported as aes .", "long-term treatment with diazepam ai administered by trained caregivers in an outpatient setting to treat ars is a safe and effective option .", "a powerpoint slide summarizing this article is available for download in the supporting information section here ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the prognostic importance of the speed of early hematoma growth in acute intracerebral hemorrhage ( ich ) has not been well established .", "we aimed to determine the association between the rate of increase in hematoma volume and major clinical outcomes in the intensive blood pressure reduction in acute cerebral hemorrhage trial ( interact ) studies .", "the effects of early intensive blood pressure ( bp ) lowering according to the speed of hematoma growth were also investigated .", "pooled analyses of the interact@ ( n = @ ) and interact@ ( n = @,@ ) studies-randomized controlled trials of patients with spontaneous ich with elevated systolic bp , randomly assigned to intensive ( target systolic bp < @ mm hg ) or guideline-based ( < @ mm hg ) bp management .", "the speed of ultraearly hematoma growth ( uhg ) was defined as hematoma volume ( ml ) / onset-to-ct time ( hours ) .", "primary outcome was death or major disability ( modified rankin scale score of @-@ ) at @ days .", "among a total of @,@ patients ( @ % ) with information on uhg and outcome , median speed of uhg was @ ml/h .", "there was a linear association between uhg and outcome : multivariable-adjusted odd ratios @ ( @ % confidence interval @-@ @ ) for @-@ ml/h and @ ( @-@ @ ) for > @ ml/h vs the < @ ml/h group .", "there were no clear differences in the effects of intensive bp lowering according to @ speeds of uhg on outcome ( p = @ for homogeneity ) .", "the speed of uhg in patients with ich was continuously associated with increased risks of death or major disability , and from lower levels than previously reported ( @ ml/h ) .", "the benefits of intensive bp lowering appear to be independent of the speed of bleeding ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "photodynamic therapy is an effective tool in the management of some forms of skin cancer and generalized solar dermopathy and can be beneficial in the management of acne vulgaris .", "when used as an area treatment one of the main limiters is the quite severe burning pain that patients feel during the illumination phase of the treatment .", "to examine the effectiveness of a plant derived anti-nociceptive spray applied prior to and during large area photodynamic therapy .", "a split face or left arm versus right arm , placebo controlled trial was performed on @ patients to assess the effectiveness of the spray in reducing pain perception .", "there was a statistically significant reduction in pain at all illumination points during the illumination phase but no significant difference in discomfort levels in the first @ h post illumination .", "only large area photodynamic therapy treatment was performed during the study .", "no conclusions can be drawn for small area treatments .", "use of a simple , plant derived anti-nociceptive spray can reduce the discomfort experienced by patients undergoing photodynamic therapy to large areas ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to compare the effectiveness of the traditional center of tibial plateau as the entry point and digital technology in the design of intramedullary tibial nail point positioning method in total knee arthroplasty ( tka ) .", "between october @ and october @ , @ cases undergoing unilateral tka and meeting the selection criteria were randomly divided into @ groups : in group a ( @ cases ) , the tibial plateau center as the entry point of tibial intramedullary positioning was used ; in group b ( @ cases ) , mimics @ software to simulate the guide rod point of tibial intramedullary positioning was used .", "there was no significant difference in gender , age , etiology , disease duration , sides , and preoperative knee range of motion , hospital for special surgery ( hss ) score , and western ontario and mcmaster university osteoarthritis index ( womac ) between @ groups ( p > @ ) .", "postoperative x-ray films were taken to measure the tibiofemoral angle and tibial angle ; knee range of motion , and hss and womac scores were used to assess the activity of knee .", "the entry point of group b was located in front of the center of tibial plateau , which was inconsistent with the traditional entry point .", "the incision healed by first intention in all patients of @ groups .", "the patients were followed up @ to @ months ( mean , @ months ) .", "the x-ray measurement at @ week after operation showed no significant difference in tibiofemoral angle between @ groups ( t = -@ , p = @ ) , but the anteroposterior and lateral tibial angles of group a were significantly lower than those of group b ( p < @ ) .", "the knee range of motion , hss score , and womac score of @ groups were significantly higher at @ and @ months after operation when compared with preoperative values ( p < @ ) , and the values at @ months were significantly increased than those at @ months after operation ( p < @ ) .", "hss score and womac score had no significant difference between @ groups at @ months after operation ( p > @ ) , but the scores of group b were significantly higher than those of group a at @ months ( p < @ ) .", "the knee range of motion of group b was significantly better than that of group a at @ months after operation ( t = @ , p = @ ) , but no significant difference was found between @ groups at @ months ( t = @ , p = @ ) .", "compared with the traditional intramedullary guide rod insertion point positioning , digital individualized design of entry point positioning has the advantages of more accurate lower limb force line , better recovery of knee function , and earlier @ degrees activities , but the long-term effectiveness needs further observation ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "chronic alcohol abuse has been traditionally associated with impaired cognitive abilities .", "the deficits are most evident in higher order cognitive functions , such as abstract reasoning , problem solving and visuospatial processing .", "the present study sought to increase current understanding of the neuropsychological basis of poor abstract reasoning abilities in alcohol-dependent subjects using functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fmri ) .", "an abstract reasoning task-based fmri study was carried out on alcohol-dependent subjects ( n = @ ) and healthy controls ( n = @ ) to examine neural activation pattern .", "the study was carried out using a @-t whole-body magnetic resonance scanner .", "preprocessing and post processing was performed using spm @ software .", "behavioral data indicated that alcohol-dependent subjects took more time than controls for performing the task but there was no significant difference in their response accuracy .", "analysis of the fmri data indicated that for solving abstract reasoning-based problems , alcohol-dependent subjects showed enhanced right frontoparietal neural activation involving inferior frontal gyrus , post central gyrus , superior parietal lobule , and occipito-temporal gyrus .", "the extensive activation observed in alcohol dependents as compared to controls suggests that alcohol dependents recruit additional brain areas to meet the behavioral demands for equivalent task performance .", "the results are consistent with previous fmri studies suggesting decreased neural efficiency of relevant brain networks or compensatory mechanisms for the execution of task for showing an equivalent performance ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to evaluate efficacy , safety , and tolerability efinaconazole topical solution , @ % in diabetic patients with onychomycosis .", "a post-hoc analysis of @ patients , aged @-@ years , randomized to receive efinaconazole topical solution , @ % or vehicle from two identical multicenter , double-blind , vehicle-controlled @-week studies evaluating safety and efficacy .", "the primary end point was complete cure rate ( @ % clinical involvement of target toenail , and both negative potassium hydroxide examination and fungal culture ) at week @ .", "mycologic cure rates ( oc ) were significantly greater with efinaconazole ( @ % and @ % in diabetic and non-diabetic patients respectively ) compared to vehicle ( p = @ and p < @ , respectively ) .", "the primary end point , complete cure , was also greater for efinaconazole ( @ % and @ % , respectively vs @ % and @ % ) .", "treatment success ( percent affected target toenail @ % ) for efinaconazole was @ % and @ % , respectively vs @ % and @ % with vehicle .", "there was no statistically significant difference between the diabetic and non-diabetic populations for any efficacy endpoint .", "adverse events associated with efinaconazole were local site reactions and clinically similar to vehicle .", "once daily efinaconazole topical solution , @ % may provide a useful topical option in the treatment of diabetic patients with onychomycosis ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "allergic rhinitis is a chronic illness , affecting @ to @ % of the worldwide population .", "chinese herbal medicines , the treatment of allergic rhinitis , adopted thousands of years in ancient china , has recently raised much attention among researchers globally .", "this study evaluates the effects of two chinese herbal formulae -lsb- cure-allergic-rhinitis syrup ( cs ) and yu-ping-feng san ( ys ) -rsb- in treating undergraduate nursing students with allergic rhinitis over a @-month follow-up , when compared to a placebo control group .", "a double-blind , randomised controlled trial with repeated-measures , three-parallel-groups design was conducted in a random sample of @ participants recruited from one university in hong kong .", "after baseline measurements , participants were randomly assigned to cs , ys , or placebo groups ( n = @ per group ) .", "the main outcomes , including symptom severity , quality of life , and body constitution , were measured with self-administered questionnaires at baseline and immediately , @ and @ months after the @-week interventions .", "@ participants completed the trial , with @ ( @ % ) drop-outs .", "the results of generalised estimating equations test followed by pairwise contrasts tests indicated that the participants who received cs showed significantly greater reduction of symptoms ( mean difference of cs vs. placebo = @-@ @ , p < @ ) and improvements in quality of life ( mean difference of cs vs. placebo = @-@ @ , p < @ ) , and body constitution in ` qi-deficiency ' , ` yang-deficiency ' , and ` inherited special ' ( mean difference of cs vs. placebo = @-@ @ , @-@ @ , and @-@ @ , p = @ - < @ , @-@ @ , and @ - < @ , accordingly , at three post-tests ) .", "the participants who received ys also indicated significant greater improvements in symptom severity , quality of life , and a few patterns of body constitution when compared to the placebo group .", "however , its effects were lesser in strength ( i.e. , smaller effect sizes ) , varieties of symptoms , and body constitution and sustainability over the @ months .", "the herbal formula cs was found effective to reduce symptoms and enhance quality of life in young adults ( nursing students ) with allergic rhinitis in ` yang - and/or qi-deficiency ' body constitution .", "further controlled trials of its effects in chinese and/or asians with allergic rhinitis in terms of socio-demographic , ethnic and illness characteristics and a longer-term follow-up are recommended .", "the trial has registered at clinicaltrials.gov with an id : nct@ ( @ january @ ) ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "to determine the impact of educational materials ( ems ) on the treatment compliance of postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive ( hr + ) early-stage breast cancer .", "patients ( n = @ ) were randomized to standard aromatase inhibitors ( ai ) alone ( group a ) or with ems ( group b ) in a global , real-world setting .", "the @-year results ( n = @ ) showed ems had no impact on compliance ( @ vs. @ % , group a vs. b ) , compliance with initial ai ( @ vs. @ % ) or persistence ( @ vs. @ % ) , confirming the @-year interim analysis ( n = @ ) .", "of the @ patients considered compliant at @ year , @ % remained compliant at @ years .", "discontinuations ( @ % ) were mainly attributed to ai-related side effects ( @ % of discontinuations ) .", "exploratory analyses suggest a relationship between patient characteristics and compliance behaviors .", "ems do not improve compliance in this patient population .", "compliance and persistence are complex end points influenced by multiple variables .", "side effects were the main reasons for discontinuations ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to determine whether the method of specimen preparation after transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy of the prostate affected core fragmentation , and secondly to determine whether such fragmentation was influenced by the presence of malignancy in the biopsy specimen .", "a prospective randomized study comparing @ different mechanisms of specimen preparation , wash vs swipe of biopsy cores , with blinded assessment by a specific uropathologist was undertaken .", "for those cores in which prostate cancer was present , the wash method of specimen preparation resulted in fewer and longer core fragments ( p = @ ) .", "those patients in whom cancer was present on biopsy also had a greater degree of biopsy core fragmentation in those cores in which only benign tissue was identified ( p = @ ) .", "gleason score did not appear to influence the extent of fragmentation .", "the method of specimen preparation at prostate biopsy influences the degree of fragmentation seen at histologic evaluation .", "this has the potential to affect the interpretation of biopsy results , including suitability of patients for inclusion in active surveillance protocols .", "core fragmentation might be minimized by modification of technique ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "with aging , the detrimental effects of stress can impair a person 's ability to learn and sustain memory .", "humor and its associated mirthful laughter can reduce stress by decreasing the hormone cortisol .", "chronic release of cortisol can damage hippocampal neurons , leading to impairment of learning and memory .", "objectives the study intended to examine the effect of watching a humor video on short-term memory in older adults .", "design the research team designed a randomized , controlled trial .", "the study took place at loma linda university in loma linda , ca , usa .", "the study included @ participants : @ normal , healthy , older adults-@ males and @ females-and @ older adults with type @ diabetes mellitus ( t@dm ) -@ males and @ females .", "the study included @ intervention groups of older adults who viewed humorous videos , a healthy group ( humor group ) , aged @ @ y , and the diabetic group , aged @ @ y. each participant selected @ of @ humorous videos that were @ min in length , either a red skeleton comedy or a montage of america 's funniest home videos .", "the control group , aged @ @ y , did not watch a humor video and sat in quiescence .", "a standardized , neuropsychological , memory-assessment tool , the rey auditory verbal learning test ( ravlt ) , was used to assess the following abilities : ( @ ) learning , ( @ ) recall , and ( @ ) visual recognition .", "the testing occurred twice , once before ( ravlt@ ) and once after ( ravlt@ ) the humorous video for the humor and diabetic groups , and once before ( ravlt@ ) and once after ( ravlt@ ) the period of quiescence for the control group .", "at @ time points , measurements of salivary cortisol were also obtained .", "the kruskal-wallis test was used to measure significance of the data based on the @ groups .", "in the humor , diabetic , and control groups , ( @ ) learning ability improved by @ % , @ % , and @ % , respectively ( p = @ ) ; ( @ ) delayed recall improved by @ % , @ % , and @ % , respectively ( p = @ ) ; and ( @ ) visual recognition increased by @ % , @ % , and @ % , respectively ( p = @ ) .", "for levels of salivary cortisol , the research team found significant and borderline decreases for the humor group between baseline and ( @ ) post-ravlt@ ( p = @ ) , ( @ ) postvideo ( p = @ ) , and ( @ ) post-ravlt@ ( p = @ ) .", "the diabetic group showed significant decreases between baseline and ( @ ) post-ravlt@ ( p = @ ) , ( @ ) postvideo ( p = @ ) , and ( @ ) post-ravlt@ ( p = @ ) .", "the study found no significant changes for the control group .", "the research findings supported potential clinical and rehabilitative benefits for humor that can be applied to whole-person wellness programs for older adults .", "the cognitive components-learning ability and delayed recall-become more challenging as individuals age and are essential to older adults for providing a high quality of life : mind , body , and spirit .", "because older adults can experience age-related memory deficits , complementary , enjoyable , and beneficial humor therapies should be implemented for them ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "statins have beneficial effects on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality independently of reduction of plasma cholesterol .", "in patients with type @ diabetes and nephropathy , chronic kidney disease stage ii-iii , we tested the hypothesis that atorvastatin increased systemic and renal nitric oxide ( no ) availability using l-nmma as an inhibitor of no production .", "we performed a randomized , placebo-controlled , crossover study , using atorvastatin/placebo treatment for five days with a standardized diet and fluid intake .", "we measured brachial bp ( bbp ) , central bp ( cbp ) , gfr , urinary output ( ou ) , free water clearance ( ch@o ) , fractional excretion of sodium ( fena ) , urinary excretion of albumin ( uaer and uacr ) , aqp@ ( u-aqp@ ) and enac ( u-enac ) and plasma concentrations of vasoactive hormones : renin , angiotensin ii , aldosterone , arginine vasopressin , endothelin-@ and brain natriuretic peptide .", "during atorvastatin and placebo treatment , l-nmma infusion , changed the effect variables significantly , but to the same extent , i.e. an increase in bbp and cbp , and a decrease in gfr , ou , ch@o , fena , u-aqp@ and u-enac .", "in addition , renin and angiotensin ii was reduced , aldosterone increased , and vasopressin , endothelin-@ and brain natriuretic hormone unchanged .", "during , atorvastatin and placebo treatment , inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis induced the same response in brachial and central blood pressure , gfr , renal tubular function and vasoactive hormones .", "thus , atorvastatin did not change nitric oxide availability in type @ diabetics with nephropathy ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "despite scientific advances in typing of c. difficile strains very little is known about how hospital staff use typing results during periods of increased incidence ( piis ) .", "this qualitative study , undertaken alongside a randomised controlled trial ( rct ) , explored this issue .", "the trial compared ribotyping versus more rapid genotyping ( mlva or multilocus variable repeat analysis ) and found no significant difference in post @ hour cases ( c difficile transmissions ) .", "in-depth qualitative interviews with senior staff in @/@ hospital trusts in the trial ( @ mlva and @ ribotyping ) .", "semi-structured interviews were conducted at end of the trial period .", "transcripts were content analysed using framework analysis supported by nvivo-@ software .", "common sub-themes were extracted by two researchers independently .", "these were compared and organised into over-arching categories or ` super-ordinate themes ' .", "the trial recorded that @ % of typing tests had some impact on infection control ( ic ) activities .", "interviews indicated that tests had little impact on initial ic decisions .", "these were driven by hospital protocols and automatically triggered when a pii was identified .", "to influence decision-making , a laboratory turnaround time < @ days ( ideally @ hours ) was suggested ; mlva turnaround time was @ days .", "typing results were predominantly used to modify initiated ic activities such as ward cleaning , audits of practice or staff training ; major decisions ( e.g. ward closure ) were unaffected .", "organisational factors could limit utilisation of mlva results .", "results were twice as likely to be reported as ` aiding management ' ( indirect benefit ) than impacting on ic activities ( direct effect ) .", "some interviewees considered test results provided reassurance about earlier ic decisions ; others identified secondary benefits on organisational culture .", "an underlying benefit of improved discrimination provided by mlva typing was the ability to explore epidemiology associated with cdi cases in a hospital more thoroughly .", "ribotyping and mlva are both valued by users .", "mlva had little additional direct impact on initial infection control decisions .", "this would require reduced turnaround time .", "the major impact is adjustments to earlier ic measures and retrospective reassurance .", "for this , turnaround time is less important than discriminatory power .", "the potential remains for wider use of genotyping to examine transmission routes ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to test whether red blood cell ( rbc ) levels of marine omega-@ fatty acids measured in the women 's health initiative memory study were related to mri brain volumes measured @ years later .", "rbc eicosapentaenoic acid ( epa ) , docosahexaenoic acid ( dha ) , and mri brain volumes were assessed in @,@ postmenopausal women from the women 's health initiative memory study .", "the endpoints were total brain volume and anatomical regions .", "linear mixed models included multiple imputations of fatty acids and were adjusted for hormone therapy , time since randomization , demographics , intracranial volume , and cardiovascular disease risk factors .", "in fully adjusted models , a @ sd greater rbc epa + dha ( omega-@ index ) level was correlated with @ cm ( @ ) larger brain volume ( p = @ ) .", "dha was marginally correlated ( p = @ ) with total brain volume while epa was less so ( p = @ ) .", "there were no correlations between ischemic lesion volumes and epa , dha , or epa + dha .", "a @ sd greater omega-@ index was correlated with greater hippocampal volume ( @ mm ( @ ) , p = @ ) in fully adjusted models .", "comparing the fourth quartile vs the first quartile of the omega-@ index confirmed greater hippocampal volume ( @ mm ( @ ) , p = @ ) .", "a higher omega-@ index was correlated with larger total normal brain volume and hippocampal volume in postmenopausal women measured @ years later .", "while normal aging results in overall brain atrophy , lower omega-@ index may signal increased risk of hippocampal atrophy .", "future studies should examine whether maintaining higher rbc epa + dha levels slows the rate of hippocampal or overall brain atrophy ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to evaluate the analgesic and physiological effects of epidural morphine administered at the sixth and seventh lumbar or the fifth and sixth thoracic vertebrae in dogs undergoing thoracotomy .", "prospective , randomized , blinded trial .", "fourteen mixed-breed dogs , weighing @ @ kg .", "the animals received acepromazine ( @ mg kg ) im and anesthesia was induced with propofol ( @ mg kg ) iv .", "the lumbosacral space was punctured and an epidural catheter was inserted up to the region between the sixth and seventh lumbar vertebrae ( l , n = @ ) or up to the fifth or sixth intercostal space ( t , n = @ ) .", "the dogs were allowed to recover and after radiographic confirmation of correct catheter position , anesthesia was reinduced with propofol iv and maintained with @ % isoflurane .", "following stabilization of monitored parameters , animals received morphine ( @ mg kg ) diluted in @ % nacl to a final volume of @ ml kg via the epidural catheter , and after @ minutes , thoracotomy was initiated .", "heart rate and rhythm , systolic , mean and diastolic arterial pressures , respiratory rate , arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation , partial pressure of expired co and body temperature were measured immediately before the epidural administration of morphine ( @ minute ) and every @ minutes during the anesthetic period .", "the melbourne pain scale and the visual analog scale were used to assess postoperative pain .", "the evaluation began @ hours after the epidural administration of morphine and occurred each hour until rescue analgesia .", "there were no important variations in the physiological parameters during the anesthetic period .", "the post-operative analgesic period differed between the groups , being longer in t ( @ @ hours ) compared with l ( @ @ hours ) .", "the use of morphine , at a volume of @ ml kg @ , administered epidurally over the thoracic vertebrae provided longer lasting analgesia than when deposited over the lumbar vertebrae ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "there are no randomized studies that compare outcomes after single-incision ( slc ) and conventional multi-incision ( mlc ) laparoscopic cholecystectomy under an optimized perioperative analgesic regimen .", "this patient - and assessor-blinded randomized three-centre clinical trial compared slc and mlc in women admitted electively with cholecystolithiasis .", "outcomes were registered on the day of operation ( day @ ) , on postoperative days @ , @ , @ and @ , and @months after surgery .", "blinding of the patients was maintained until day @ .", "the primary endpoint was pain on movement measured on a visual analogue scale , reported repeatedly by the patient until day @ .", "the intention-to-treat population comprised @ patients in the slc and @ in the mlc group .", "there was no significant difference between the groups with regard to any of the pain-related outcomes , on-demand administration of opioids or general discomfort .", "median duration of surgery was @min longer in the slc group ( p < @ ) .", "slc was associated with a reduced incidence of vomiting on day @ ( @ versus @ per cent ; p = @ ) .", "the incidences of wound-related problems were comparable .", "one patient in the slc group experienced a biliary leak requiring endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography .", "the rates of incisional hernia at @-month follow-up were @ per cent in both groups .", "cosmetic rating was significantly improved after slc at @ and @months ( p < @ ) .", "slc did not significantly diminish early pain in a setting with optimized perioperative analgesic patient care .", "slc may reduce postoperative vomiting .", "nct@ ( http://www.clinicaltrials.gov ) ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "the efficacy of artemisinin-based combination therapy ( act ) has been established .", "the objective of the present study was to compare the efficacy and safety in the central african republic ( car ) of three commercially available artemisinin-based combinations , artemether + lumefantrine ( al ) , artesunate + sulphamethoxypyrazine-pyrimethamine ( as-smp ) and artesunate + amodiaquine ( as-aq ) , with those of sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine + amodiaquine ( sp-aq ) , which was the first-line reference treatment in the country from @ , until it was replaced by act in @ in accordance with changes in international recommendations based on resistance identified in other regions .", "children aged six to @ months with uncomplicated plasmodium falciparum malaria were recruited in bangui , the capital of the car .", "the @ patients selected were randomly assigned to receive al ( n = @ ) , as-smp ( n = @ ) , as-aq ( n = @ ) or sp-aq ( n = @ ) and were followed up for @ days .", "clinical outcome was classified according to the standard @ world health organization protocol .", "at day @ , the cure rates in a per-protocol analysis were @ % ( @/@ ) with al , @ % ( @/@ ) with as-smp , @ % ( @/@ ) with as-aq and @ % ( @/@ ) with sp-aq , with no statistically significant difference between the four treatments .", "defervescence was significantly faster with as-aq than with al ( p < @ ) .", "fatigue was reported significantly more frequently by patients receiving aq than by those treated with as-smp or al ( p = @ ) .", "all the other adverse events reported were mild , and no significant difference was noted by treatment .", "the three artemisinin-bsed combinations show similar , satisfactory results , comparable to that with sp-aq .", "this evaluation is the first conducted in car since the official introduction of act .", "it should guide the national malaria control programme in choosing the appropriate act for treatment of uncomplicated p. falciparum malaria in the future ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the control of body lice in homeless persons remains a challenge .", "to determine whether the use of long-lasting insecticide-treated underwear provides effective long-term protection against body lice in homeless persons .", "a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial was conducted in february and december @ in @ homeless shelters ( madrague ville and forbin ) in marseille , france .", "of the @ homeless persons screened for eligibility , @ body lice-infested homeless persons , @ years or older , were enrolled .", "body lice-infested homeless persons were randomly assigned to receive @ % permethrin-impregnated underwear or an identical-appearing placebo for @ days , in a @:@ ratio , with a permuted block size of @ .", "visits were scheduled at days @ and @ .", "data regarding the presence or absence of live body lice were collected .", "the primary and secondary end points were the proportions of homeless persons free of body lice on days @ and @ , respectively .", "mutations associated with permethrin resistance in the body lice were also identified .", "significantly more homeless persons receiving permethrin-impregnated underwear than homeless persons receiving the placebo were free of body lice on day @ in the intent-to-treat population ( @ % vs @ % ; p = @ ) , with a between-group difference of @ percentage points ( @ % ci , @-@ @ ) , and in the per-protocol population ( @ % vs @ % ; p = @ ) , with a between-group difference of @ percentage points ( @ % ci , @-@ @ ) .", "this difference was not sustained on day @ .", "at baseline , the prevalence of the permethrin-resistant haplotype was @ % in the permethrin group and @ % in the placebo group .", "on day @ , the permethrin-resistant haplotype was significantly more frequent in the permethrin group than in the placebo group ( @ % vs @ % , p < @ ) .", "permethrin-impregnated underwear is more efficient than placebo at eliminating body louse infestations by day @ ; however , this difference was not sustained on day @ .", "the use of permethrin may have increased the resistance to permethrin in body lice and thus must be avoided .", "clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct@ ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "animal studies have shown that methylphenidate ( mph ) and fluoxetine ( flx ) have different effects on dopaminergic and serotonergic system in the developing brain compared to the developed brain .", "the effects of psychotropic drugs on the developing brain ( epod ) study is a combination of different approaches to determine whether there are related findings in humans .", "animal studies were carried out to investigate age-related effects of psychotropic drugs and to validate new neuroimaging techniques .", "in addition , we set up two double-blind placebo controlled clinical trials with mph in @ boys ( @-@ years ) and @ young men ( @-@ years ) suffering from adhd ( epod-mph ) and with flx in @ girls ( @-@ years ) and @ young women ( @-@ years ) suffering from depression and anxiety disorders ( epod-ssri ) .", "trial registration numbers are : nederlands trial register ntr@ and ntr@ .", "a cross-sectional cohort study on age-related effects of these psychotropic medications in patients who have been treated previously with mph or flx ( epod-pharmo ) is also ongoing .", "the effects of psychotropic drugs on the developing brain are studied using neuroimaging techniques together with neuropsychological and psychiatric assessments of cognition , behavior and emotion .", "all assessments take place before , during ( only in case of mph ) and after chronic treatment .", "the combined results of these approaches will provide new insight into the modulating effect of mph and flx on brain development ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "cigarette demand , or the change in cigarette consumption as a function of price , is a measure of reinforcement that is associated with level of tobacco dependence and other clinically relevant measures , but the effects of experimentally controlled income on real-world cigarette consumption have not been examined .", "in this study , income available for cigarette purchases was manipulated to assess the effect on cigarette demand .", "tobacco-dependent cigarette smokers ( n = @ ) who smoked @-@ cigarettes per day completed a series of cigarette purchasing tasks under a variety of income conditions meant to mimic different weekly cigarette budgets : $ @ , approximately $ @ , $ @ , or approximately $ @ per week .", "prices of $ @ , $ @ , $ @ , and $ @ per cigarette were assessed in each income condition .", "participants were instructed to purchase as many cigarettes as they would like for the next week and to only consume cigarettes purchased in the context of the study .", "one price in @ income condition was randomly chosen to be `` real , '' and the cigarettes and the excess money in the budget for that condition were given to the participant .", "results indicate that demand elasticity was negatively correlated with income .", "demand intensity ( consumption at low prices ) was unrelated to income condition and remained high across incomes .", "these results indicate that the amount of income that is available for cigarette purchases has a large effect on cigarette consumption , but only at high prices ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "fibrates were found to reduce cytokine release and low-grade inflammation in patients with impaired glucose tolerance .", "the aim of this study was to investigate whether these effects of fibrates may be potentiated by metformin treatment .", "the study included @ patients with isolated impaired glucose tolerance and normal plasma lipids who had been treated for at least @ months with micronized fenofibrate ( @ mg daily ) .", "these subjects were randomly assigned to @ weeks ' treatment with either high dose metformin ( @ g daily in three divided doses ) or placebo .", "plasma lipids , glucose homeostasis markers , monocyte cytokine release and plasma c-reactive protein levels were determined before randomization and at the end of the treatment .", "metformin treatment reduced plasma c-reactive protein levels and monocyte release of tumor necrosis factor - and interleukin-@ , as well as tended to reduce monocyte release of interleukin-@ and monocyte chemoattractant protein-@ , which was accompanied by an improvement in insulin sensitivity .", "our results show that high-dose metformin produces monocyte-suppressing and systemic anti-inflammatory effects in fibrate-treated patients with isolated impaired glucose tolerance .", "this suggests that fibrate-metformin combination therapy may bring clinical benefits to impaired glucose tolerance patients at high cardiovascular risk ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "new models of health care delivery for dermatological care have the potential to increase access and improve patient-centered outcomes .", "to compare effectiveness of a direct-access , online model for follow-up dermatologic care in pediatric and adult patients with atopic dermatitis with that of in-person office visits .", "this was a @-year , randomized controlled equivalency clinical trial in medically underserved areas , outpatient clinics , and the general community .", "participants included children and adults with atopic dermatitis with access to the internet , computers , and digital cameras .", "after an initial in-person visit , patients were randomized @:@ to direct-access online or usual in-person care for follow-up management of atopic dermatitis .", "in the direct-access online group , patients captured and transmitted clinical images and history asynchronously to dermatologists online ; dermatologists evaluated the clinical information , provided recommendations and education , and prescribed medications online asynchronously .", "in the in-person group , patients visited dermatologists in their offices for follow-up care .", "atopic dermatitis disease severity as assessed by patient-oriented eczema measure ( poem ) and investigator global assessment ( iga ) .", "a total of @ children and adults were randomized .", "between baseline and @ months , the mean ( sd ) within-group difference in poem score in patients in the direct-access online group was -@ ( @ ) ( @ % ci , -@ to -@ ) ; in the in-person group , the within-group difference was -@ ( @ ) ( @ % ci , -@ to -@ ) .", "the difference in the change in poem scores between the @ groups was @ ( @ ) ( @ % ci , -@ to @ ) , which was contained within the predetermined @ equivalence margin .", "the percentage of patients achieving clearance or near-clearance of their disease ( iga score of @ or @ ) was @ % ( @ % ci , @ % to @ % ) in the direct-access online group and @ % ( @ % ci , @ % -@ % ) in the in-person group .", "the difference in the percent of patients achieving clearance or near-clearance between the @ groups was @ % ( @ % ci , @ % -@ % ) , which was contained within the predetermined @ % equivalence margin .", "the direct-access online model results in equivalent improvements in atopic dermatitis clinical outcomes as in-person care .", "direct-access online care may represent an innovative model of delivering dermatological services to patients with chronic skin diseases .", "clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct@ ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "we report the results of the investigation of safety and efficacy of venous angioplasty in patients with multiple sclerosis ( ms ) with findings of extracranial venous anomalies , considered hallmarks of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency ( ccsvi ) , in a @-phase study ( clinicaltrials.gov nct@ ) .", "phase @ was an open-label safety study ( @ patients ) ; phase @ was sham-controlled , randomized , and double-blind ( @ sham procedure , @ treated ) .", "all study patients fulfilled venous hemodynamic screening criteria indicative of ccsvi .", "assessment was at @ , @ , and @ months postprocedure with mri , clinical , and hemodynamic outcomes .", "primary endpoints were safety at @ hours and @ month , venous outflow restoration > @ % at @ month , and effect of angioplasty on new lesion activity and relapse rate over @ months .", "secondary endpoints included changes in disability , brain volume , cognitive tests , and quality of life .", "no perioperative complications were noted ; however , one patient with history of syncope was diagnosed with episodic bradycardia requiring placement of a pacemaker before discharge .", "doppler evidence-based venous hemodynamic insufficiency severity score ( vhiss ) was reduced > @ % compared to baseline in phase @ ( at @ month ) but not phase @ .", "in phase @ , higher mri activity ( cumulative number of new contrast-enhancing lesions -lsb- @ vs @ , p = @ -rsb- and new t@ lesions -lsb- @ vs @ , p = @ -rsb- ) and relapse activity ( @ vs @ , p = @ ) were identified as nonsignificant trends in the treated vs sham arm over @ months .", "using analysis of covariance , significant cumulative new t@ lesions were related to larger vhiss decrease ( p = @ ) and angioplasty ( p = @ ) over the follow-up .", "no differences in other endpoints were detected .", "venous angioplasty is not an effective treatment for ms over the short term and may exacerbate underlying disease activity .", "this is a class i study demonstrating that clinical and imaging outcomes are no better or worse in patients with ms identified with venous outflow restriction who receive venous angioplasty compared to sham controls who do not receive angioplasty .", "this study also includes a class iv phase @ study of safety in @ patients receiving the angioplasty procedure ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "METHODS", "METHODS" ]

[ "previous efforts such as assessing care of vulnerable elders ( acove ) provide quality indicators for assessing the care of elderly patients , but thus far little has been done to leverage this knowledge to improve care for these patients .", "we describe a clinical decision support system to improve general practitioner ( gp ) adherence to acove quality indicators and a protocol for investigating impact on gps ' adherence to the rules .", "we propose two randomized controlled trials among a group of dutch gp teams on adherence to acove quality indicators .", "in both trials a clinical decision support system provides un-intrusive feedback appearing as a color-coded , dynamically updated , list of items needing attention .", "the first trial pertains to real-time automatically verifiable rules .", "the second trial concerns non-automatically verifiable rules ( adherence can not be established by the clinical decision support system itself , but the gps report whether they will adhere to the rules ) .", "in both trials we will randomize teams of gps caring for the same patients into two groups , a and b. for the automatically verifiable rules , group a gps receive support only for a specific inter-related subset of rules , and group b gps receive support only for the remainder of the rules .", "for non-automatically verifiable rules , group a gps receive feedback framed as actions with positive consequences , and group b gps receive feedback framed as inaction with negative consequences .", "gps indicate whether they adhere to non-automatically verifiable rules .", "in both trials , the main outcome measure is mean adherence , automatically derived or self-reported , to the rules .", "we relied on active end-user involvement in selecting the rules to support , and on a model for providing feedback displayed as color-coded real-time messages concerning the patient visiting the gp at that time , without interrupting the gp 's workflow with pop-ups .", "while these aspects are believed to increase clinical decision support system acceptance and its impact on adherence to the selected clinical rules , systems with these properties have not yet been evaluated .", "controlled trials ntr@ ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "to evaluate whether preterm very low birth weight ( vlbw ) infants receiving early iron ( ei ) supplementation ( @ mg/kg/day elemental iron ) at @ weeks postnatal age have improved serum ferritin levels compared with late iron ( li ) supplementation at @ weeks postnatal age .", "single-blinded parallel-group interventional randomised controlled trial .", "tertiary care centre in southern india .", "randomised at @ weeks postnatal age to ei and li groups and evaluated at @ , @ and @ weeks postnatal age .", "the primary outcome was serum ferritin level at @ weeks , and the secondary outcomes were the incidence of neonatal morbidities , haemoglobin level , anthropometric parameters and blood transfusion requirements .", "of the @ babies randomised , outcomes were analysed in @ and @ babies in ei and li groups , respectively .", "serum ferritin level was significantly higher ( p < @ ) at @ weeks ( @ vs @ ng/ml ) in the ei group .", "haemoglobin ( @ vs @ g/dl ) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration ( @ vs @ g/dl ) were also significantly ( p < @ ) higher at @ weeks in the ei group .", "there was a significant decrease of ferritin in the li group and significant increase in ferritin in the ei group at @ weeks compared with @ weeks .", "there were no significant differences in the incidences of neonatal morbidities ( necrotising enterocolitis , periventricular leukomalacia , retinopathy of prematurity ) , anthropometric parameters and blood transfusion requirements between the two groups .", "ei supplementation in preterm vlbw infants improves serum ferritin and haemoglobin levels .", "ctri/@/@ / @ ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "to investigate whether providing sonographic ( us ) / mri fusion images will enhance the ability of medical students and radiology residents to identify msk anatomy on sonograms alone .", "medical students ( n = @ ) and radiology residents ( n = @ ) were each randomly divided into two groups : group a and group b. subjects in group a were shown @ msk sonograms with arrows pointing to a specific anatomic structure or anatomic region .", "subjects in group b were shown the exact same @ annotated sonograms as group a as well as an additional fusion image consisting of an mri of the same anatomy in the same plane fused with the sonogram without arrows .", "sonograms and mri were obtained from adult patients who consented to have their images used .", "the anatomic regions included the shoulder , hip , and pelvis .", "both groups were given the same @-question multiple choice examination to identify the anatomic structure that the arrow was marking on the sonogram .", "the transducer 's location was given for every question .", "one minute was allowed to answer each question .", "the wilcoxon rank sum test was used to assess if there was a difference between group a and group b in both the medical student and the radiology resident cohorts .", "medical students : subjects in group a ( n = @ ) gave the correct answers in @ % of the cases ( @/@ ) .", "subjects in group b ( n = @ ) gave correct answers in @ % of the cases ( @/@ ) ( p value < @ ) .", "radiology residents : subjects in group a ( n = @ ) gave correct answers in @ % of the cases ( @/@ ) .", "subjects in group b ( n = @ ) gave correct answers in @ % of the cases ( @/@ ) ( p value < @ ) .", "the addition of a fusion mri/us image enhances radiology residents ' ability to identify msk us anatomy accurately compared with the sonogram alone .", "the medical students , however , did not show improvement with the addition of the fusion mri/sonogram .", "@ ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "penetrating keratoplasty can commonly restore vision in corneal blindness .", "however , immunological graft reactions may induce irreversible graft failure in a substantial percentage .", "repeat keratoplasties in turn are associated with increased risk of graft failure and possibly irreversible blindness .", "topical as well as systemic immunosuppressants are administered for prophylaxis .", "however , severe adverse effects limit long-term usage .", "by contrast , matching for transplantation antigens might be effective for a long time .", "fancy is a prospective , controlled , randomised , double-blind , multi-centre clinical trial with two parallel arms .", "the primary objective is to evaluate superiority of the proposed hla matching strategy in comparison to random graft assignment with respect to the primary endpoint ` time to first endothelial graft rejection ' .", "relevant inclusion criteria are age over @years and waiting for penetrating or endothelial lamellar keratoplasty .", "the most important exclusion criteria are abuse of medication and/or drugs and an anticipated waiting time for an hla match longer than @months .", "after randomisation , patients either receive a hla-matched graft ( experimental intervention ) or a random graft ( control intervention ) .", "the calculated sample size is @ patients .", "the trial started in @ with a recruitment period of @months .", "a total of @ patients were included during this time .", "the primary goal of fancy is to assess whether histocompatibility matching is feasible and effective in the broad clinical routine .", "however , during the course of the trial , the landscape of keratoplasty changed due to the rise of descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty ( dmek ) .", "nowadays , immune reactions are confined mostly to the ` high-risk ' subgroups .", "if we would design fancy in @ , we would narrow down the inclusion criteria to include only the high risk patients and accept longer waiting times for a matching donor here .", "the unique identifying number of the fancy trial is nct@ ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "we tested the impact of banning tobacco displays and posting graphic health warning signs at the point of sale ( pos ) .", "we designed @ variations of the tobacco product display ( open , enclosed -lsb- not visible -rsb- , enclosed with pro-tobacco ads ) and @ variations of the warning sign ( present vs absent ) with virtual store software .", "in december @ and january @ , we randomized a national convenience sample of @ adult smokers and recent quitters to @ of @ store conditions and gave them a shopping task .", "we tested for the main effects of the enclosed display , the sign , and their interaction on urge to smoke and tobacco purchase attempts .", "the enclosed display significantly lowered current smokers ' ( b = -@ ; @ % confidence interval -lsb- ci -rsb- = -@ , -@ ; p < @ ) and recent quitters ' ( = -@ , @ % ci = -@ , -@ ; p < @ ) urge to smoke and current smokers ' purchase attempts ( adjusted odds ratio = @ ; @ % ci = @ , @ ; p < @ ) .", "the warning sign had no significant main effect on study outcomes or interaction with enclosed display .", "these data show that pos tobacco displays influence purchase behavior .", "banning them may reduce cues to smoke and unplanned tobacco purchases ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "topical corticosteroids are the most common first-line treatment for psoriasis .", "tachyphylaxis , a decreased response to treatment with repetitive application of the drug , is a controversial phenomenon associated with topical corticosteroid treatment .", "we sought to prove or disprove tachyphylaxis to occluded halobetasol @ % versus vehicle .", "patients with plaque psoriasis were recruited to this study .", "the study involved @ phases ( @ , @a , and @b ) with each phase being separated by a treatment vacation period .", "in phases @ and @a , @ plaques were randomized to either halobetasol @ % or vehicle ointment application .", "in phase @b , halobetasol @ % was applied to both .", "target lesion severity scale was used for clinical assessment .", "twenty patients were enrolled .", "no difference in time to clearance ( p = @ ) or time to recurrence ( p = @ ) of the treated plaques was found between phases @ and @a .", "percentage of improvement was higher in phase @a compared with phase @ ( @ % , p < @ vs @ % , p < @ ) , as a result of reduction of vehicle effect .", "in phase @b , a greater improvement was found for previously corticosteroid-treated plaques .", "limitations are small sample size and @ corticosteroid tested .", "no evidence of tachyphylaxis to the topical corticosteroid halobetasol @ % ointment treatment in patients with plaque psoriasis was found ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "a new , highly filled primer is currently marketed as a fluoride delivery system effective in reducing white spot lesions in orthodontic patients .", "however , no studies in the literature support this claim .", "the purpose of this in-vivo study was to investigate the retention and the efficacy of this primer in reducing the formation of white spot lesions .", "in each patient for whom premolar extractions were planned ( n = @ ) , @ premolar was randomly chosen as the experimental tooth for the application of the fluoride delivery system ( opal seal ; ultradent products , south jordan , utah ) , and the contralateral tooth was assigned as the control to receive the standard treatment ( transbond xt ; @m unitek , monrovia , calif ) .", "after the bonding procedures , separators were placed around the premolar brackets to encourage plaque retention over @ weeks .", "after the extractions , the tooth surfaces were evaluated visually and with microhardness techniques for demineralization .", "primer retention was also investigated .", "there were no statistically significant differences in the numbers of white spot lesions between the @ groups .", "the primer retention was calculated as @ % .", "the results indicated no significant difference between the efficacies of the fluoride-releasing primer and the control primer in reducing demineralization over the duration of the study ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "we compared the outcomes of patients treated with everolimus-eluting stents ( ees ) versus paclitaxel-eluting stents ( pes ) at @ years from the large-scale randomized spirit iv trial .", "spirit iv is the largest randomized trial comparing the outcomes of ees and pes .", "the present report represents the final long-term follow-up analysis from this study .", "a total of @,@ patients were randomized @:@ to ees or pes , stratified by presence of diabetes mellitus and lesion characteristics .", "prespecified subgroups were compared for interaction with stent allocation .", "the primary end point was target lesion failure ( tlf ) ( the composite of cardiac death , target vessel-related myocardial infarction -lsb- mi -rsb- , or ischemia-driven target lesion revascularization ) .", "at @ years , tlf occurred in @ % versus @ % of ees - and pes-treated patients ( hazard ratio -lsb- hr -rsb- @ -lsb- @-@ @ -rsb- , p = @ ) .", "the incidence of death or mi was @ % versus @ % , respectively ( hr @ -lsb- @-@ @ -rsb- , p = @ ) , and there was a @ % reduction in stent thrombosis ( academic research consortium definite or probable definition ) with ees ( @ % vs @ % , hr @ -lsb- @-@ @ -rsb- , p = @ ) .", "the difference in target lesion revascularization at @ years did not reach statistical significance ( @ % vs @ % , respectively , hr @ -lsb- @-@ @ -rsb- , p = @ ) .", "there was no significant interaction between treatment allocation and any of the subgroups , including diabetes .", "when compared with pes , ees provides durable and significant reduction in tlf , especially due to its enhanced safety profile , with lower rates of death or mi and stent thrombosis up to @ years ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the development of minimally invasive surgical techniques is driven by the quest for better patient outcomes .", "there is some evidence for the use of minimally invasive surgery for degenerative lumbar spine stenosis ( lss ) , but there are currently no studies comparing outcomes with matched controls .", "the object of this study was to compare outcomes following minimally invasive unilateral laminectomy for bilateral decompression ( ulbd ) to a standard `` open '' laminectomy for lss .", "the authors conducted a prospective , @:@ randomized trial comparing ulbd to open laminectomy for degenerative lss .", "the study enrolled @ patients between @ and @ , and adequate data for analysis were available in @ patients ( @ in each arm of the study ) .", "patient demographic characteristics and clinical characteristics were recorded and clinical outcomes were obtained using pre - and postoperative oswestry disability index ( odi ) scores , visual analog scale ( vas ) scores for leg pain , patient satisfaction index scores , and postoperative @-item short form health survey ( sf-@ ) scores .", "significant improvements were observed in odi and vas scores for both open and ulbd interventions ( p < @ for both groups using either score ) .", "in addition , the ulbd-treated patients had a significantly better mean improvement in the vas scores ( p = @ ) but not the odi scores ( p = @ ) compared with patients in the open-surgery group .", "ulbd-treated patients had a significantly shorter length of postoperative hospital stay ( @ vs. @ hours , p = @ ) and time to mobilization ( @ vs. @ hours , p < @ ) and were more likely to not use opioids for postoperative pain ( @ % vs. @ % , p = @ ) .", "based on short-term follow-up , microscopic ulbd is as effective as open decompression in improving function ( odi score ) , with the additional benefits of a significantly greater decrease in pain ( vas score ) , postoperative recovery time , time to mobilization , and opioid use ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the benefit of adding sciatic nerve block ( snb ) to femoral nerve block to improve analgesia after total knee arthroplasty ( tka ) is uncertain .", "we hypothesized that the effective duration of single-injection snb is too short to improve postoperative analgesia and that this contributes to conflicting results on the efficacy of snb after tka .", "we evaluated this hypothesis in a prospective double-blind randomized controlled trial .", "sixty patients undergoing tka were randomly allocated to a continuous snb group or a single-injection snb group .", "all patients received femoral nerve block ( @ % ropivacaine @ ml ) and snb ( @ % ropivacaine @ ml ) and catheters were inserted into both peripheral nerve block sites before surgery .", "both groups received continuous femoral nerve block and patient-controlled intravenous analgesia with morphine .", "continuous snb ( @ % ropivacaine @ ml/h ; continuous snb group ) or sham continuous snb ( @ % normal saline @ ml/h ; single-injection snb group ) was provided after surgery .", "the primary outcome was total morphine consumption for @ hours after surgery .", "total morphine consumption in the @-hour period after surgery was significantly lower in the continuous snb group compared with the single-injection snb group -lsb- @ ( @ ) vs @ ( @ ) mg , p = @ -rsb- .", "visual analog scale pain scores at rest were also significantly lower in the continuous snb group ( p = @ ) .", "the combination of continuous femoral and snb provides a superior opioid sparing effect and improves analgesia after tka ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "direct evidence for the effects of vegetable intake on weight loss is qualified .", "the study aimed to assess the effect of higher vegetable consumption on weight loss .", "a single blind parallel controlled trial was conducted with @ overweight adults ( mean body mass index = @ kg/m ( @ ) ) randomised to two energy deficit healthy diet advice groups differing only by doubling the serving ( portion ) sizes of vegetables in the comparator group .", "data were analysed as intention-to-treat using a linear mixed model .", "spearmans rho bivariate was used to explore relationships between percentage energy from vegetables and weight loss .", "after @ months , the study sample lost @ kg ( p < @ time ) with no difference between groups ( p > @ interaction ) .", "both groups increased vegetable intake and lost weight in the first @ months , and the change in weight was significantly correlated with higher proportions of energy consumed as vegetables ( rho = -@ , p = @ ) .", "fasting glucose , insulin and triglyceride levels decreased ( p < @ time ) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels increased ( p < @ time ) , with no difference between groups .", "weight loss was sustained for @ months by both groups , but the comparator group reported greater hunger satisfaction ( p = @ ) .", "advice to consume a healthy low-energy diet leads to sustained weight loss , with reductions in cardiovascular disease risk factors regardless of an emphasis on more vegetables .", "in the short term , consuming a higher proportion of the dietary energy as vegetables may support a greater weight loss and the dietary pattern appears sustainable ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to study the effectiveness of yoga intervention on oxidative stress , glycemic status , blood pressure and anthropometry in prediabetes .", "randomized-controlled trial .", "twenty nine prediabetes subjects aged @-@ years .", "yoga was conducted at @ different community diabetes clinics in mangalore , india .", "participants were randomized to either @-month yoga or wait-list control groups .", "malondialdehyde , glutathione , vitamin c , vitamin e , superoxide dismutase , plasma glucose , glycated haemoglobin , bmi , waist circumference , waist-to-hip ratio and blood pressure .", "yoga intervention resulted in a significant decline in malondialdehyde ( p < @ ) , relative to the control group .", "in comparison with the control , there was a significant improvement in bmi , waist circumference , systolic blood pressure and fasting glucose levels at follow-up .", "no significant improvement in glycated haemoglobin , waist-to-hip ratio or any of the antioxidants was observed .", "yoga intervention may be helpful in control of oxidative stress in prediabetes subjects .", "yoga can also be beneficial in reduction in bmi , waist circumference , systolic blood pressure and fasting glucose .", "effect of yoga on antioxidant parameters was not evident in this study .", "the findings of this study need to be confirmed in larger trials involving active control groups ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "preliminary evidence suggests intravenous ketamine has rapid effects on suicidal cognition , making it an attractive candidate for depressed patients at imminent risk of suicide .", "in the first randomized controlled trial of ketamine using an anesthetic control condition , we tested ketamine 's acute effects on explicit suicidal cognition and a performance-based index of implicit suicidal cognition ( implicit association test ; iat ) previously linked to suicidal behavior .", "symptomatic patients with treatment-resistant unipolar major depression ( inadequate response to @ antidepressants ) were assessed using a composite index of explicit suicidal ideation ( beck scale for suicidal ideation , montgomery-asberg rating scale suicide item , quick inventory of depressive symptoms suicide item ) and the iat to assess suicidality implicitly .", "measures were taken at baseline and @ hr following a single subanesthetic dose of ketamine ( n = @ ) or midazolam ( n = @ ) , a psychoactive placebo agent selected for its similar , rapid anesthetic effects .", "twenty four hours postinfusion , explicit suicidal cognition was significantly reduced in the ketamine but not the midazolam group .", "fifty three percent of ketamine-treated patients scored zero on all three explicit suicide measures at @ hr , compared with @ % of the midazolam group ( ( @ ) = @ ; p = @ ) .", "implicit associations between self - and escape-related words were reduced following ketamine ( p = @ ; d = @ ) but not midazolam ( p = @ ; d = @ ) .", "ketamine-specific decreases in explicit suicidal cognition were largest in patients with elevated suicidal cognition at baseline , and were mediated by decreases in nonsuicide-related depressive symptoms .", "intravenous ketamine produces rapid reductions in suicidal cognition over and above active placebo .", "further study is warranted to test ketamine 's antisuicidal effects in higher-risk samples ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to evaluate the efficacy and safety of twice-daily dosing of dapagliflozin and metformin , exploring the feasibility of a fixed-dose combination .", "in this @-week , phase iii , randomized , double-blind placebo-controlled study , adults who were receiving metformin administered twice daily ( @mg/day ) and had inadequate glycaemic control were randomized @:@:@:@ to receive dapagliflozin twice daily ( @ or @mg ) , placebo or dapagliflozin @mg once daily ( which was included as a benchmark ) .", "the primary endpoint was change from baseline glycated haemoglobin ( hba@c ) level .", "secondary endpoints included changes in fasting plasma glucose ( fpg ) level and body weight .", "four hundred adults were randomized to dapagliflozin ( @ mg twice daily , @mg twice daily , @mg once daily ) or placebo co-administered with metformin twice daily .", "at @ weeks , the adjusted mean change in hba@c from baseline was significantly reduced in the dapagliflozin @ mg twice daily and @mg twice daily groups versus placebo ( -@ vs. -@ % , p = @ and -@ % vs. -@ % , p < @ ) .", "there were also significantly greater improvements for dapagliflozin twice daily groups versus placebo in fpg body weight and achievement of hba@c level of < @ % .", "efficacy outcomes for dapagliflozin twice daily were numerically similar to those for dapagliflozin once daily .", "dapagliflozin twice daily was well tolerated .", "dapagliflozin @ or @mg twice daily added to metformin was effective in reducing glycaemic levels in patients with type @ diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin alone .", "this study supports the development of a fixed-dose combination regimen ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the commonly used therapeutic approach , the contemporary bobath approach ( cba ) , is not sufficient to restore independent locomotion for individuals with severe motor deficit ( smd ) after stroke .", "therefore , we propose that the early sitting , standing , and walking in conjunction with the cba ( ecba ) be used to treat individuals with smd after stroke .", "to investigate whether ecba may enhance mobility and balance in subjects with smd after stroke .", "thirty-three men and @ women , aged @ to @ years , with smd after stroke were recruited for the study .", "cba or ecba was performed with the subjects @ times per week in @-minute sessions for @ weeks .", "the stroke rehabilitation assessment of movement ( stream ) and the berg balance scale were implemented before treatment and at @ and @ weeks after treatment , respectively .", "the stream scores indicated that ecba was more efficient than the cba intervention for lower extremity mobility , f ( @ , @ ) = @ , p < @ , and basic mobility , f ( @ , @ ) = @ , p < @ .", "overall stream scores were higher in the ecba group , f ( @ , @ ) = @ , p < @ , after @ weeks of therapy .", "balance scores of the ecba subjects were higher than those of the cba subjects after @ weeks of therapy , f ( @ , @ ) = @ , p < @ .", "however , there was no difference in upper extremity mobility between the @ groups .", "ecba is a valuable intervention to improve lower extremity mobility , basic mobility , and balance ability for individuals with smd after stroke ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "clomiphene is the current first-line infertility treatment in women with the polycystic ovary syndrome , but aromatase inhibitors , including letrozole , might result in better pregnancy outcomes .", "in this double-blind , multicenter trial , we randomly assigned @ women , in a @:@ ratio , to receive letrozole or clomiphene for up to five treatment cycles , with visits to determine ovulation and pregnancy , followed by tracking of pregnancies .", "the polycystic ovary syndrome was defined according to modified rotterdam criteria ( anovulation with either hyperandrogenism or polycystic ovaries ) .", "participants were @ to @ years of age , had at least one patent fallopian tube and a normal uterine cavity , and had a male partner with a sperm concentration of at least @ million per milliliter ; the women and their partners agreed to have regular intercourse with the intent of conception during the study .", "the primary outcome was live birth during the treatment period .", "women who received letrozole had more cumulative live births than those who received clomiphene ( @ of @ -lsb- @ % -rsb- vs. @ of @ -lsb- @ % -rsb- , p = @ ; rate ratio for live birth , @ ; @ % confidence interval , @ to @ ) without significant differences in overall congenital anomalies , though there were four major congenital anomalies in the letrozole group versus one in the clomiphene group ( p = @ ) .", "the cumulative ovulation rate was higher with letrozole than with clomiphene ( @ of @ treatment cycles -lsb- @ % -rsb- vs. @ of @ treatment cycles -lsb- @ % -rsb- , p < @ ) .", "there were no significant between-group differences in pregnancy loss ( @ of @ pregnancies in the letrozole group -lsb- @ % -rsb- and @ of @ pregnancies in the clomiphene group -lsb- @ % -rsb- ) or twin pregnancy ( @ % and @ % , respectively ) .", "clomiphene was associated with a higher incidence of hot flushes , and letrozole was associated with higher incidences of fatigue and dizziness .", "rates of other adverse events were similar in the two treatment groups .", "as compared with clomiphene , letrozole was associated with higher live-birth and ovulation rates among infertile women with the polycystic ovary syndrome .", "( funded by the eunice kennedy shriver national institute of child health and human development and others ; clinicaltrials.gov number , nct@ . )" ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "retrospective subgroup analysis in jmdb study indicates that the between-arm differences in overall survival ( os ) in the east asian subgroup were consistent with those observed in the entire jmdb study population .", "this bridging study ( jmil ) further evaluated the efficacy and safety of first-line pemetrexed/cisplatin ( pc ) versus gemcitabine/cisplatin ( gc ) in chinese patients with nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer ( nsclc ) .", "the primary endpoint of this local registration trial was designed to compare os in the combined dataset , consisting of chinese patients in jmil and @ nonsquamous patients in jmdb .", "chinese patients with stage iiib/iv nonsquamous nsclc were randomly assigned ( @:@ ) to @ cycles maximum ( @ days/cycle ) of pemetrexed @mg/m ( @ ) + cisplatin @mg/m ( @ ) ( day @ ) , or gemcitabine @mg/m ( @ ) ( days @ and @ ) + cisplatin @mg/m ( @ ) ( day @ ) .", "in jmil , @ chinese patients were randomized ( pc , n = @ ; gc , n = @ ) .", "patient baseline characteristics were balanced between treatment arms .", "in the combined dataset , pc was superior to gc in prolonging os , with adjusted hazard ratio ( hr ) of @ ( @ % ci : @-@ @ , p = @ ) and median os of @ versus @ months .", "in the jmil-only population , no significant os difference observed between treatment arms ( adjusted hr = @ -lsb- @ % ci : @-@ @ , p = @ -rsb- ; unadjusted hr = @ -lsb- @ % ci : @-@ @ , p = @ -rsb- ) , nor for other secondary efficacy endpoints .", "significantly fewer patients in the pc arm experienced drug-related grade @/@ toxicities , @ ( @ % ) versus @ ( @ % ) for gc ( p = @ ) , with significantly lower rates of leukocytopenia , thrombocytopenia , and fatigue .", "this study showed that in the combined population , os of pc was superior to gc , while in the chinese-only population , no significant difference was observed ; a better safety and risk/benefit profile was found in the pc arm .", "a pc regimen should be considered as a standard of care in chinese nonsquamous nsclc patients in a first-line setting ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "physical inactivity is a major , potentially modifiable , risk factor for cardiovascular disease , cancer , and other chronic diseases .", "effective , simple , and generalisable interventions that will increase physical activity in populations are needed .", "to evaluate the effectiveness of a smartphone application ( app ) to increase physical activity in primary care .", "an @-week , open-label , randomised controlled trial in rural , primary care in the west of ireland .", "android smartphone users > @ years of age were recruited .", "all participants were provided with similar physical activity goals and information on the benefits of exercise .", "the intervention group was provided with a smartphone app and detailed instructions on how to use it to achieve these goals .", "the primary outcome was change in physical activity , as measured by a daily step count between baseline and follow-up .", "a total of @ patients were referred by their primary care health professional or self-referred .", "in total , @ ( @ % ) were screened out and @ ( @ % ) declined to participate , leaving @ ( @ % ) patients who were randomised .", "of these , @ provided baseline data ( intervention = @ ; control = @ ) and @ provided outcome data ( intervention = @ ; control = @ ) .", "the mean daily step count at baseline for intervention and control groups was @ and @ steps per day respectively .", "after adjusting , there was evidence of a significant treatment effect ( p = @ ) ; the difference in mean improvement in daily step count from week @ to week @ inclusive was @ ( @ % confidence interval @ to @ ) steps per day , favouring the intervention .", "improvements in physical activity in the intervention group were sustained until the end of the trial .", "a simple smartphone app significantly increased physical activity over @ weeks in a primary care population ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to observe the therapeutic effect of cervical paravertebral block plus acupuncture treatment for cervicogenic headache .", "sixty cases of cervicogenic headache were randomly and equally divided into cervical paravertebral block ( control ) group and acupuncture plus cervical paravertebral block ( acupuncture ) group .", "paravertebral block was performed by injection of @ ml of @ % lidocaine solution containing triamcinolone ( @ mg ) into the @nd cervical paravertebral tissue from the cross point between the posterior border of the sternomastoid muscle and the angle of jaw , once every week for three weeks .", "manual acupuncture stimulation was applied to baihui ( gv @ ) , unilateral fengchi ( gb @ ) and jiaosun ( sj @ ) , once daily for @ weeks .", "the patients ' headache severity was assessed by visual analogue scale ( vas ) and their cervical vertebral activity assessed by range of motion ( rom ) before and after the treatment .", "compared with pre-treatment in the same one group , the scores of both vas and rom at time points of one , two and three weeks after the treatment were significantly decreased in the control and acupuncture groups ( p < @ ) , suggesting a marked improvement of both headache and cervical motion after the treatment .", "comparison between the two groups showed that the vas and rom scores of the acupuncture group were evidently lower than those of the control group at each time point after the treatment ( p < @ ) , displaying a better therapeutic effect of acupuncture plus paravertebral block for cervicogenic headache .", "acupuncture combined with cervical paravertebral block is effective in relieving cervicogenic headache and improving cervical vertebral activity in cervicogenic headache patients , and can strengthen the therapeutic effect of simple paravertebral block ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "anatomy education on embalmed specimens is presumed to have added educational value .", "however , although embalmed specimens have been used for anatomy education for years , there is little evidence on the added educational value of dissection-based teaching .", "the objective of this randomized study is to examine the added value of dissection-based teaching , using models of the inguinal region in embalmed specimens .", "in @ , medical students at erasmus medical center , the netherlands , were randomly assigned to three groups .", "group i attended lectures , group ii attended dissection-based training using laparoscopic dissection models , and group iii attended lectures as well as dissection-based laparoscopic training .", "to assess the improvement of anatomical knowledge , all students had to complete a practical test before , immediately after , and two weeks after training .", "data were analyzed with mixed modeling .", "forty-six students participated in this study .", "no significant difference in results was observed among the three groups before the start of training .", "immediately after the course , groups ii and iii scored significantly higher than group i ( p < @ ; p < @ ) , and group ii scored higher than group iii ( p = @ ) .", "the difference between group i and groups ii and iii persisted during follow-up ( p = @ ; p = @ ) .", "the difference between groups ii and iii disappeared .", "three-dimensional anatomy education with dissection models enhances anatomy learning by medical students .", "students who received dissection-based training scored higher in the short - and long term compared with students who did not receive this type of education ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "active immunotherapy is a promising antitumoral strategy ; however its use in combination with chemotherapy in dogs with large b-cell lymphoma ( dlbcl ) remains largely untested .", "heat shock proteins ( hsp ) bind the small peptides they chaperone ( hsppc ) , allowing for immunization of the host against a large repertoire of tumor-associated antigens .", "hydroxylapatite vehicles hsppcs and acts as an immunologic adjuvant .", "the aim of this study was to show that an autologous vaccine with hydroxylapatite and tumor-derived hsppcs is safe and therapeutically effective in dogs with dlbcl .", "nineteen dogs with naturally occurring dlbcl were entered into a prospective randomized placebo-controlled double-blinded trial of hsppcs-hydroxylapatite plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone .", "endpoints included time to progression ( ttp ) , lymphoma-specific survival ( lss ) , and incidence of toxicoses .", "median first ttp after randomization to the vaccine arm was @ days versus @ days for the control arm ( p = @ ) .", "there was also a statistically significant difference in duration of second remission between the two groups ( p = @ ) .", "median lss was @ days for the vaccinated dogs versus @ days for the unvaccinated dogs ( p = @ ) .", "six vaccinated dogs achieved molecular remission , as shown by clonal immunoglobulin h ( igh ) rearrangement .", "toxicoses were comparable between the two treatment arms .", "the results of this trial demonstrate that the autologous vaccine tested here is safe and efficacious in prolonging ttp and lss in dogs with dlbcl when used in combination with dose-intense chemotherapy .", "on the basis of these results , additional evaluation of this novel therapeutic strategy is warranted in human dlbcl ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "longitudinal studies have begun to clarify the phenotypic characteristics of adolescents and young adults at clinical high risk for psychosis .", "this @-site randomized trial examined whether a @-month program of family psychoeducation was effective in reducing the severity of attenuated positive and negative psychotic symptoms and enhancing functioning among individuals at high risk .", "adolescents and young adults ( mean age @ @ years ) with attenuated positive psychotic symptoms , brief and intermittent psychosis , or genetic risk with functional deterioration were randomly assigned to @ sessions of family-focused therapy for individuals at clinical high risk ( fft-chr ) in @ months or @ sessions of family psychoeducation ( enhanced care -lsb- ec -rsb- ) .", "fft-chr included psychoeducation about early signs of psychosis , stress management , communication training , and problem-solving skills training , whereas ec focused on symptom prevention .", "independent evaluators assessed participants at baseline and @ months on positive and negative symptoms andsocial-role functioning .", "of @ participants , @ ( @ % ) were followed up at @months .", "participants in fft-chr showed greater improvements in attenuated positive symptoms over @ months than participants in ec ( f@ ,@ = @ , p = @ ) .", "negative symptoms improved independently of psychosocial treatments .", "changes in psychosocial functioning depended on age : participants more than @ years of age showed more role improvement infft-chr , whereas participants between @ and @ years of age showed more role improvement in ec .", "the results were independent of concurrent pharmacotherapy .", "interventions that focus on improving family relationships may have prophylactic efficacy in individuals at high risk for psychosis .", "future studies should examine the specificity of effects of family intervention compared to individual therapy of the sameduration and frequency .", "clinical trial registration information-prevention trial of family focused treatment in youth at risk for psychosis ; http://clinicaltrials.gov/; nct@ ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome ( cacs ) is common in advanced cancer patients and associated with weight loss , fatigue , impaired quality of life ( qol ) , and poor prognosis .", "the goal of this project was to identify the most responsive items from two qol measures in the romana @ ( nct@ ) phase iii global study evaluating anamorelin hcl in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer ( nsclc ) cachexia : the functional assessment of chronic illness therapy-fatigue ( facit-f ) and the functional assessment of anorexia/cachexia therapy ( faact ) .", "in the romana @ trial , @ patients with unresectable stage iii or iv nsclc and cachexia were to be enrolled and randomized ( @:@ ) to receive anamorelin hcl or placebo once daily for @weeks .", "all @ patients who reached the week @ visit at the time of data analysis were included .", "co-primary endpoints were change from baseline in lean body mass and handgrip strength .", "qol was a secondary outcome with facit-f and faact questionnaires administered at baseline and at weeks @ , @ , @ , and @ .", "two @-item scales ( fatigue/activity and appetite/eating ) from the facit-f and faact questionnaires , respectively , demonstrated good internal consistency reliability , validity , and responsiveness ( also referred to as the simplified evaluation of fatigue ( sef ) and simplified evaluation of appetite ( sea ) , respectively ) .", "the estimated important difference for each scale was @-@ points .", "these brief scales provide the psychometric properties necessary to promote future research in nsclc patients with cacs .", "additional work should examine the clinical utility of these scales and their impact on treatment decision-making ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to evaluate the occurrence of reflux from the great saphenous vein by color doppler ultrasonography in subjects undergoing treatment of insufficiency of the saphenofemoral junction by simple ligation or ligation with section of the saphenous arch .", "we performed @ operations ( in @ subjects ) of varicose insufficiency of the saphenofemoral junction ( sfj ) , belonging to the ceap clinical classification of @-@ , who were randomly divided into two groups .", "a group called c , with ligature and section of the saphenous arch , and a group called l , with simple ligation of the saphenous vein and no sectioning of its arch .", "we then investigated the occurrence of reflux from the great saphenous vein in groups c and l through postoperative color doppler ultrasonography at intervals of six months to one year .", "of the @ members submitted to the approach of the saphenous arch , @ were evaluated by postoperative doppler ultrasound , since two subjects ( three limbs ) did not return and were excluded from the study .", "the mean age was @ years , with @ % females and predominance of ceap classification @ in @ % .", "of the @ operations for the treatment of reflux of the saphenous arch , @ % had reflux postoperatively ,@ % in group c and @ % in group l ( p < @,@ ) .", "the relative risk of reflux of the saphenous arch in group l was @ times higher compared with group c.", "the section of the arch of the great saphenous vein causes less postoperative reflux than simple ligation in treatment of insufficiency of the great saphenous vein ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to examine the measurement differences in sleep and eeg arousal statistics between the american academy of sleep medicine ( aasm ) recommended eeg montage ( f@-m@ , c@-m@ , o@-m@ ) and acceptable eeg montage ( fz-cz , c@-m@ , oz-cz ) .", "prospective , blinded , randomized comparison .", "australian clinical sleep laboratory in a tertiary hospital .", "@ consecutive patients undertaking polysomnography ( psg ) for the clinical suspicion of sleep disordered breathing .", "n/a .", "patient eegs were recorded using both the aasm recommended and acceptable eeg montages during the psg .", "two scorers were used to examine the difference in psg statistics using the two eeg montages .", "the scorers analyzed the @ studies using the two eeg montages .", "ten of the studies were scored twice for each montage by each scorer to calculate intra-scorer and inter-scorer agreement .", "no statistically significant differences were observed between the psg statistics of the recommended and acceptable eeg montages .", "the recommended eeg montage had greater inter-scorer agreement but no difference in intra-scorer agreement .", "this study demonstrates that the two eeg montages endorsed by the aasm manual produce similar sleep and eeg arousal statistics ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "it is recommended that treatments that include clarithromycin should be avoided in eradication of helicobacter pylori ( hp ) in cases where clarithromycin resistance is higher than @ % .", "we aimed to compare levofloxacin - and moxifloxacin-based triple therapies with standard treatment and with each other in eradication of helicobacter pylori as first-line therapy .", "patients were randomized prospectively as three groups .", "there were @ patients in the levofloxacin group , @ patients in the moxifloxacin group , and @ patients in the standard treatment group .", "the patients received levofloxacin @ mg daily , amoxicillin @ g b.i.d. and lansoprazole @ mg b.i.d. for ten days ( lal ) in the levofloxacin group ; moxifloxacin @ mg daily , amoxicillin @ g b.i.d. and lansoprazole @ mg b.i.d. ( mal ) in the moxifloxacin group ; and clarithromycin @ mg b.i.d. , amoxicillin @ g b.i.d. and lansoprazole @ mg b.i.d. ( cal ) in the standard treatment group .", "at post-treatment week @ , hp was checked by using stool antigen test .", "in the eradication of helicobacter pylori , the success rate as determined by per protocol ( pp ) analysis was @ % in the lal group , @ % in the mal group , and @ % in the cal group .", "a statistically significant difference was found in the lal and mal groups compared to the cal group ( p < @ ) .", "there was no difference between the lal and mal groups .", "it was determined that levofloxacin - and moxifloxacin-based triple therapies were more effective than the standard treatment in first-line setting in the eradication of helicobacter pylori .", "in addition , no difference was found between levofloxacin - and moxifloxacin-based triple therapies .", "currently observed high efficacy may be evaluated in treatment .", "although quinolon resistance is not considered a major problem , it appears to be a factor that may reduce treatment success over a period of time ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "bone tunnel enlargement after anterior cruciate ligament ( acl ) reconstruction is well documented in the literature .", "the cause of this tunnel enlargement is unclear , but is thought to be multifactorial , with mechanical and biological factors playing a role .", "the aim of this prospective study was to evaluate how the different techniques may affect the bone tunnel enlargement and clinical outcome .", "forty-five consecutive patients undergoing acl reconstruction with autologous doubled semitendinosus and gracilis tendons entered this study .", "they were randomly assigned to enter group a ( in-out technique , with cortical fixation and interference screw ) and group b ( out-in technique , metal cortical fixation on the femour and tibia ) .", "at a mean follow-up of @ months , all the patients underwent ct scan exam to evaluate the post-operative diameters of both femoral and they underwent tibial tunnels clinical examination after @ months .", "the mean femoral tunnel diameter increased significantly from @ mm to @ mm in group a and from @ mm to @ mm in group b.", "the mean increase in femoral tunnel diameters observed in group a was significantly higher than that observed in group b ( p < @ ) the mean tibial tunnel diameter increased significantly from @ mm to @ mm in group a and from @ mm to @ mm in group b.", "the mean increase in tibial tunnel diameters observed in group a was significantly higher than that observed in group b ( p < @ ) .", "no clinical differences were found between two groups and no correlations between clinical and radiological results were found in any patients of both groups .", "results of the study suggest that different mechanical fixation devices could influence tunnel widening .", "the lower stiffness of the fixation devices is probably responsible of the tunnel widening through the fixation devices 's micromotions in the femoral and tibial tunnels ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "laboratory skills training is now required for general surgery residents .", "the optimal method of teaching vascular anastomosis ( va ) is not well defined .", "teaching va skills one-on-one with a faculty instructor will result in a more rapid accumulation of skills than teaching in a large group setting .", "residents were shown an instructional video on how to perform a va using a standardized model ( cadaver saphenous vein and porcine aorta ) .", "each resident then performed a baseline va. .", "sixteen first - and second-year surgical residents were then randomized to @ va teaching sessions that consisted of either @ ) group teaching ( gt , @ residents in a room with @ faculty instructor circulating ) or @ ) one-on-one teaching ( @-on-@ , faculty member focused on individual resident ) .", "after each of these sessions , residents performed a standardized va. .", "the anastomoses were video recorded .", "performance was evaluated using a standardized scoring system by a separate expert who viewed the video recordings in a blinded fashion .", "outcome measures included total errors , total time , global rating scale , and an anastomosis-specific end-product evaluation ( leak and passage of coronary dilator ) .", "overall , significant decreases in total errors ( @ to @ , p = @ ) and time to complete anastomoses ( @ to @ min , p = @ ) and an increase in global rating scales ( @ to @ , p = @ ) were noted in both groups from baseline after @ va teaching session .", "the @-on-@ group demonstrated significantly greater improvement in terms of reduced anastomotic time ( @ vs. @ min , p = @ ) and in reduction of errors ( @ vs. @ errors , p = @ ) than the gt group .", "the high-fidelity va model is a useful tool for junior general surgery residents .", "both gt and @-on-@ groups demonstrated significant improvement in total errors and time after only @ sessions .", "greater improvement was noted using the @-on-@ model ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "preincisional analgesia is an antinociceptive treatment that prevents altered central excitability from high-intensity noxious stimuli .", "to determine the analgesic efficacy of preoperative infiltration with bupivacaine for reduction mammaplasty , a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial was designed .", "women with mammary hypertrophy were allocated randomly to one of two study groups .", "patients in group i received preincision infiltration with bupivacaine into each breast after general anesthesia .", "group ii patients received similar injections of saline injection alone after general anesthesia .", "visual analogue pain score , verbal pain score , and short-form mcgill pain questionnaire scores were higher in group ii patients until @ hours after surgery ( p < @ ) .", "patients in the saline group had higher intravenous meperidine consumption for @ hours postoperatively and solicited opioids before the patients in the bupivacaine group ( p < @ ) .", "the difference between groups was statistically significant .", "preincisional infiltration with bupivacaine results in reduced pain and lower postoperative opioid requirements in the early postoperative phase of pain following breast reduction .", "therapeutic , i." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "METHODS" ]

[ "this study aims to investigate the efficacy and safety of oral fixed-dose combination of strontium ranelate @ g/vitamin d @ iu daily vs strontium ranelate @ g daily for correcting vitamin d insufficiency in osteoporosis .", "a @-month international , randomized , double-blind , parallel-group , phase @ study .", "a total of @ men and postmenopausal women aged @ years with primary osteoporosis ( t-score -@ s.d. ) and serum @-hydroxyvitamin d ( @ ( oh ) d ) > @ nmol/l were included .", "patients were allocated to strontium ranelate @ g/vitamin d @ iu daily ( n = @ ) or strontium ranelate @ g daily ( n = @ ) .", "the participants received calcium @ g daily .", "the primary endpoint was serum @ ( oh ) d at last post-baseline evaluation during @ months .", "both groups were comparable at baseline .", "mean baseline of @ ( oh ) d was @ @ nmol/l .", "after @ months , the percentage of patients with @ ( oh ) d @ nmol/l was higher with strontium ranelate/vitamin d vs strontium ranelate ( @ vs @ % , p < @ ; adjusted between-group odds ratio = @ ; @ % ci , @-@ @ ) .", "the efficacy of the fixed-dose combination on @ ( oh ) d was maintained at @ months ( @ vs @ % , p < @ ) .", "mean @ ( oh ) d was @ and @ nmol/l , respectively , after @ months and @ and @ nmol/l after @ months .", "physical performance improved in both groups .", "falls were @ and @ % in the strontium ranelate/vitamin d and strontium ranelate groups respectively .", "parathyroid hormone levels were inversely correlated with @ ( oh ) d. no clinically relevant differences in safety were observed .", "this study confirms the efficacy and safety of fixed-dose combination of strontium ranelate @ g/vitamin d @ iu for correction of vitamin d insufficiency in osteoporotic patients ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "cbp@ , a synthetic duodecapeptide , increases cisplatin influx into tumor cells through an interaction with calmodulin enhancing cisplatin cytotoxicity , and effects cell cycle progression by abrogating dna repair at the g@ checkpoint .", "in phase i clinical trials of cbp@ alone or in combination with cisplatin , the most common toxicity was infusion-related urticaria .", "activity of cbp@ plus cisplatin was observed in patients with ovarian cancer and mesothelioma , including some patients previously treated with cisplatin .", "chemotherapy nave patients with unresectable mpm were stratified by histology and performance status , and randomized @:@ to pemetrexed/cisplatin plus cbp@ @mg/m ( @ ) iv ( arm a ) or pemetrexed/cisplatin alone ( arm b ) .", "the primary endpoint was progression free survival ( pfs ) at @ months .", "@ patients were randomized , and @ were treated .", "patient characteristics in the two arms were balanced .", "based on independent radiology review of the treated population , @/@ patients ( @ % ) in arm a and @/@ ( @ % ) in arm b had pfs@mo ; the median pfs was @ mo ( @ % ci , @ , @ ) vs @ mo ( @ , @ ) .", "median os was @ mo ( @ , @ ) in arm a and @ ( @ , @ ) in arm b. adverse events were not different than expected from standard chemotherapy , and comparable in the two arms , aside from infusion reactions which occurred in @ % of patients treated with cbp@ .", "while this randomized phase ii trial met its primary endpoint of pfs at @ months , other parameters such as response rate and overall survival suggest that the addition of cbp@ does not improve the efficacy of standard chemotherapy for mpm ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the home food environment is an important setting for the development of dietary patterns in childhood .", "interventions that support parents to modify the home food environment for their children , however , may also improve parent diet .", "the purpose of this study was to assess the impact of a telephone-based intervention targeting the home food environment of preschool children on the fruit and vegetable consumption of parents .", "in @ , @ parents of @-@ year-old children from @ preschools in the hunter region of australia were recruited to this cluster randomised controlled trial and were randomly assigned to an intervention or control group .", "intervention group parents received four weekly @-minute telephone calls and written resources .", "the scripted calls focused on ; fruit and vegetable availability and accessibility , parental role-modelling , and supportive home food routines .", "two items from the australian national nutrition survey were used to assess the average number of serves of fruit and vegetables consumed each day by parents at baseline , and @ - , @ - , @ - , and @-months later , using generalised estimating equations ( adjusted for baseline values and clustering by preschool ) and an intention-to-treat-approach .", "at each follow-up , vegetable consumption among intervention parents significantly exceeded that of controls .", "at @-months the difference was @ serves ( @ % ci : @-@ @ , p < @ ) , and at @-months the difference was @ serves ( @ % ci : @-@ @ , p = @ ) .", "fruit consumption among intervention parents was found to significantly exceed consumption of control parents at the @ -,@ - and @-month follow-up , with the difference at @-months being @ serves ( @ % ci : @-@ @ , p = @ ) , and @ serves maintained at @-months , ( @ % ci : @-@ @ , p = @ ) .", "a four-contact telephone-based intervention that focuses on changing characteristics of preschoolers ' home food environment can increase parents ' fruit and vegetable consumption .", "( anzctr@ ) ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "we previously demonstrated that @ % of patients with pain at sites of previously irradiated bone metastases benefit from reirradiation .", "it is unknown whether alleviating pain also improves patient perception of quality of life ( qol ) .", "we used the database of a randomized trial comparing radiation treatment dose fractionation schedules to evaluate whether response , determined using the international consensus endpoint ( ice ) and brief pain inventory pain score ( bpi-ps ) , is associated with patient perception of benefit , as measured using the european organisation for resesarch and treatment of cancer ( eortc ) quality of life questionnaire core @ ( qlq-c@ ) and functional interference scale of the bpi ( bpi-fi ) .", "evaluable patients completed baseline and @-month follow-up assessments .", "among @ randomly assigned patients , @ were evaluable for response using the ice and @ using the bpi-ps .", "using the ice , @ patients experienced a response and @ did not .", "responding patients had superior scores on all items of the bpi-fi ( ie , general activity , mood , walking ability , normal work , relations with other people , sleep , and enjoyment of life ) and improved qol , as determined by scores on the eortc qlq-c@ scales of physical , role , emotional and social functioning , global qol , fatigue , pain , and appetite .", "similar results were obtained using the bpi-ps ; observed improvements were typically of lesser magnitude .", "patients responding to reirradiation of painful bone metastases experience superior qol scores and less functional interference associated with pain .", "patients should be offered re-treatment for painful bone metastases in the hope of reducing pain severity as well as improving qol and pain interference ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to evaluate wrinkle improvement and safety of a novel cosmetic dissolving microneedle patches loaded with two active compounds with different hydrophilicities , namely ascorbic acid and retinyl retinoate .", "clinical studies were performed on @ korean women for @ weeks .", "patients in group a were treated with retinyl retinoate-loaded dissolving microneedle patches on the left eye crow 's feet area , and patients in group b were treated with ascorbic acidloaded patches on the right eye crow 's feet area twice daily .", "wrinkle improvement was evaluated by skin visiometer sv @ .", "both the retinyl retinoate - and ascorbic acid-loaded dissolving microneedle patches demonstrated statistically significant differences in all visiometer r-values ( p < @ ) .", "in particular , highly significant differences were shown at r@ ( skin roughness ) and r@ ( arithmetic average roughness ) ( p < @ ) .", "also , there were no side effects such as allergies or irritant contact dermatitis .", "retinyl retinoate and ascorbic acid were successfully loaded into dissolving microneedles and used to produce novel cosmetic patches .", "these novel patches can be used efficiently in cosmetics given their patient usability , safety and effectiveness in wrinkle improvement ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to determine whether fitness-center attendance established with the provision of weekly monetary incentives persisted after the discontinuation , or decreased frequency , of incentives .", "one hundred seventeen first-year college students participated during the @-@ academic year .", "a randomized controlled trial with control , discontinued-incentive , and continued-incentive conditions was conducted .", "during fall semester , students in incentive conditions received weekly monetary payments for meeting fitness-center attendance goals .", "during spring semester , discontinued-incentive condition participants no longer received incentives , whereas continued-incentive condition participants received payments on a variable-interval schedule .", "id-card attendance records tracked fitness-center attendance .", "goal completion decreased from @ % in the incentive groups during the fall semester to @ % in the discontinued-incentive condition , and @ % in the continued-incentive condition during the spring semester .", "there was not a significant interaction between condition and body mass index change , f ( @ , @ ) = @ , p = @ .", "incentive discontinuation resulted in students no longer meeting fitness-center attendance goals .", "a variable-interval reward schedule better maintained attendance ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]