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[ "asthma clinical guidelines suggest written asthma action plans are essential for improving self-management and outcomes .", "to assess the efficacy of written instructions in the form of a written asthma action plan provided by subspecialist physicians as part of usual asthma care during office visits .", "a total of @ children and adults with persistent asthma receiving first-time care in pulmonary and allergy practices at @ urban medical centers were randomized to receive either written instructions ( n = @ ) or no written instructions other than prescriptions ( n = @ ) from physicians .", "using written asthma action plan forms as a vehicle for providing self-management instructions did not have a significant effect on any of the primary outcomes : ( @ ) asthma symptom frequency , ( @ ) emergency visits , or ( @ ) asthma quality of life from baseline to @-month follow-up .", "both groups showed similar and significant reductions in asthma symptom frequency ( daytime symptoms -lsb- p < @ -rsb- , nocturnal symptoms -lsb- p < @ -rsb- , - agonist use -lsb- p < @ -rsb- ) .", "there was also a significant reduction in emergency visits for the intervention ( p < @ ) and control ( p < @ ) groups .", "there was significant improvement in asthma quality-of-life scores for adults ( p < @ ) and pediatric caregivers ( p < @ ) .", "our results suggest that using a written asthma action plan form as a vehicle for providing asthma management instructions to patients with persistent asthma who are receiving subspecialty care for the first time confers no added benefit beyond subspecialty-based medical care and education for asthma .", "clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov ( nct @ ) ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "gentamicin is used as a therapeutic agent for mnire 's disease because of its vestibulotoxicity causing chemo-ablation of the vestibular sensory epithelia .", "its use has increased in recent years .", "however , there is still no consensus about the dose regimen of gentamicin in the treatment of mnire 's disease .", "in this study two different dose regimen treatment protocols are compared in a placebo controlled study design .", "the primary objective is to quantify the treatment effect on dizziness , the secondary objective is hearing evaluation .", "we performed a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled study in adults with unilateral mnire 's disease according to the aao-hns guidelines resistant to conservative medication .", "three groups received four injections , administered weekly ( four intratympanic injections with @mg/ml gentamicin solution , two injections gentamicin solution and two injections of placebo in random order , or four injections with placebo ) .", "outcome measures were the score on the dizziness handicap inventory and pure tone audiometry ( pta ) .", "intended follow-up was @years .", "during follow-up one patient exceeded the accepted amount of hearing loss .", "further , enrollment was very slow ( until @months between two patients ) and new insights showed an apparent benefit of intratympanic gentamicin treatment ( itg ) .", "therefore we performed an unscheduled interim analysis which showed that pta threshold shifts reached the stopping criteria in two more patients .", "because of this , this study was ended .", "of the three patients with the significant pta threshold shift two were enrolled in the gentamicin group .", "no conclusions can be drawn concerning doses regimens .", "now that new publications have shown that itg treatment can be an effective and safe treatment , a placebo-controlled randomized controlled trial may not pass the ethical committee because of these recent reports in literature .", "still , a dose regimen study ( without placebo ) on itg treatment needs to be performed .", "this trial was registered in the university medical center utrecht / gelre hospital apeldoorn .", "protocol id : @/@ , eudract number @-@-@ ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "the purpose of this study was to investigate whether the availability of both dextroamphetamine and methylphenidate provides an opportunity to minimize adverse events in a pediatric attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( adhd ) stimulant trial .", "thirty-six medication-nave children @-@ years of age , diagnosed with adhd , were enrolled for @ weeks in a crossover trial , with @ weeks of methylphenidate , dextroamphetamine , and a placebo in a randomly assigned , counterbalanced sequence .", "barkley 's side-effect rating scale ( sers ) , rated by parents , was used to assess adverse events .", "sers were available for @ children , and data were analyzed both at the group and the single-subject level .", "the side-effect profiles of dextroamphetamine and methylphenidate appeared similar at the group level .", "overall , insomnia and decreased appetite were the only adverse events associated with the stimulants as compared with placebo .", "no significant increase from placebo to stimulant conditions was detected on sers items reflecting emotional symptoms .", "furthermore , dextroamphetamine and methylphenidate did not differ from each other on any sers item , except that dextroamphetamine was associated with higher severity of `` insomnia '' and a higher prevalence of `` unusually happy . ''", "single-subject analyses showed that one or more adverse events were reported in @ children ( @ % ) , and were evenly distributed between those with dextroamphetamine as the drug that showed the greatest reduction in their adhd symptoms ( `` best drug '' ) and those with methylphenidate as their best drug .", "among children in whom both stimulants were associated with a decrease in adhd symptoms , a clinically valid difference between the two stimulants in total adverse events score was found in @ ( @ % ) of the @ cases .", "in these children , the availability of both stimulants provided an opportunity to minimize adverse events , while maintaining a reduction in adhd symptoms .", "the availability of both dextroamphetamine and methylphenidate may contribute to minimize adverse events in a subsample of children in pediatric adhd stimulant trials .", "the study was first registered in clinical trials september @ , @ .", "clinical trials.gov identifier : nct@ ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "optimal starting point for antiretroviral treatment ( art ) has been uncertain .", "parallel group , single blind , randomised controlled study of adult hiv positive patients consulting at the protestant hospital , ngaoundere , cameroon in @-@ .", "simple randomisation of patients in who clinical stage @-@ to start of art early or deferred , i.e. when cd@ counts dropped below @ versus @ cells/mm ( @ ) , or when they reached clinical stage @-@ .", "clinical follow-up every three months were offered for all patients .", "main outcomes were clinical stage , cd@ differences and mortality .", "of @ consulting patients , most were excluded , mainly because they were already in who stage @-@ .", "forty-four patients were randomised .", "in the ` early ' group two patients died and five were lost to follow-up .", "in the ` deferred ' group , six patients died and nine were lost to follow-up ( hazard ratio for death by early compared to deferred treatment @ , @ % confidence interval @-@ @ ) .", "of the patients lost to follow-up , three patients in the ` early ' group and four patients in the ` deferred ' group were known to be alive when the study ended .", "fourteen patients in the early group and @ in the deferred group started art .", "twenty-two patients were evaluated clinically six to seven months after the study period was terminated .", "except for one patient with aids , these were all still in clinical stage @-@ .", "in our small sample , relative risk for death did not differ significantly , but deferred treatment seemed to carry no increased survival or other clinical advantage .", "during the study period , other studies made who change its guidelines to conform to our early treatment .", "the tendency in our study lends support to this policy .", "isrctn@ ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "to determine whether tumor grade , molecular subtype and hypoxia predict response to hypofractionated versus standard radiotherapy ( rt ) following breast-conserving surgery ( bcs ) for node-negative breast cancer in a randomized controlled trial ( rct ) .", "formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded ( ffpe ) tumor blocks were available on @ of @ patients enrolled in the hypofractionation whole breast irradiation ( hwbi ) trial .", "a central pathology review and assessment of tumor grade using the nottingham grading system was carried out .", "tumors were classified by molecular subtype as luminal a , luminal b , her@ enriched , basal-like or unclassified using a six-biomarker panel ; er , pr , her-@ , ki@ , ck@/@ and egfr .", "tumors were also classified as hypoxic based on the expression of hif@ , caix or glut-@ .", "the primary end point was local recurrence ( lr ) .", "median follow-up was @ years .", "in the multivariable cox model , molecular subtype was the only factor predictive of lr , the @-year cumulative incidence was @ % for luminal a and basal-like , @ % for luminal b and @ % for her-@ enriched tumors ( p < @ ) .", "tumor grade , molecular subtype or hypoxia did not predict response to hypofractionation .", "in women enrolled in the hwbi trial following bcs tumor molecular subtype predicted lr .", "however tumor grade , molecular subtype and hypoxia did not predict response to hypofractionation suggesting that patients with node-negative breast tumors of all grades and molecular subtypes may be safely treated with hypofractionated rt regimens ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to compare the efficacy of etanercept ( etn ) and methotrexate ( mtx ) versus mtx monotherapy for remission induction in patients with early inflammatory arthritis .", "in a @-week multicentre randomised placebo-controlled superiority trial , @ dmard-nave patients with early clinical synovitis ( @ tender and swollen joint , and within @ months of diagnosis ) and either rheumatoid factor , anticitrullinated protein antibodies or shared epitope positive were randomised @:@ to receive mtx+etn or mtx + placebo ( pbo ) for @ weeks .", "injections ( etn or pbo ) were stopped in all patients at week @ .", "in those with no tender or swollen joints ( ntsj ) for > @ weeks , injections were stopped early .", "if patients had ntsj > @ weeks after stopping the injections , mtx was weaned .", "the primary endpoint was ntsj at week @ .", "no statistically significant difference was seen for the primary endpoint ( ntsj at week @ ( @ % vs @ % -lsb- adjusted or @ ( @ to @ ) , p = @ -rsb- ) in the mtx+etn and mtx+pbo groups , respectively ) .", "the secondary endpoints did not differ between groups at week @ or @ .", "exploratory analyses showed a higher proportions of patients with das@-crp < @ in the mtx+etn group at week @ ( @ % vs @ % , adjusted or @ ( @ to @ ) , p = @ ) and week @ ( @ % vs @ % , adjusted or @ ( @ to @ ) , p = @ ) .", "in this group of patients with early inflammatory arthritis , almost a third had no tender , swollen joints after @ year .", "mtx+etn was not superior to mtx monotherapy in achieving this outcome .", "clinical responses , however , including das@-crp < @ , were achieved earlier with mtx+etn combination therapy .", "the empire trial is registered on the following trial registries : eudract-@-@-@ ; isrctn @ ( http://www.controlled-trials.com/isrctn@/empire ) .", "the full trial protocol can be obtained from the corresponding author ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( ssri ) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors ( snri ) are effective in treating anxiety disorders associated with major depressive disorder ( mdd ) .", "this randomized , controlled , parallel-group , open-label , phase @ trial ( ctri/@/@ / @ ) was undertaken to compare the effectiveness and safety of desvenlafaxine versus escitalopram , a standard antidepressant .", "effectiveness was assessed using the hamilton depression rating scale ( ham-d@ ) and hamilton anxiety rating scale ( ham-a ) .", "response to treatment was assessed by @ % decrease of baseline scores ( responder rate ) .", "safety and tolerability was evaluated by changes in routine laboratory parameters , vital signs , and adverse events reported by the subject and/or observed by the clinician .", "responder rates for both ham-a and ham-d scores at @ weeks were better in the escitalopram group compared to the desvenlafaxine group ( ham-a @ % vs. @ % ; ham-d @ % vs @ % ) but the differences were not statistically significant ( p = @ and p = @ ) .", "within group changes of both scores , from baseline to subsequent visits in both treatment arms were statistically significant ( p < @ ) .", "the effectiveness of desvenlafaxine was comparable to escitalopram , but escitalopram was better tolerated ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to examine if a small token monetary incentive ( nz$ @ ) increases mail survey response rates and participant retention of @-@ year old new zealand women .", "in @ , @ women were randomly selected from the new zealand electoral rolls for a prospective study investigating factors related to the prevention of weight gain .", "at baseline , @ women were randomly assigned to receive nz$ @ with the initial survey mail-out in addition to nonmonetary gifts to encourage participation ( pen , tea bag , entry in lottery draw ) received by all women .", "at @ years , @ women ( @ received nz$ @ at baseline and @ had not ) were randomly assigned to receive the same token monetary incentive .", "at @ years , all women identifying as an ethnic minority ( n = @ ) and @ randomly selected women of other ethnicities received the token monetary incentive with the initial mail out .", "the baseline response rate for women who received nz$ @ was significantly higher than for women who did not ( @ % vs @ % , p < @ ) .", "at @ years , retention rate for all women who received nz$ @ was significantly higher than for women who did not ( @ % vs @ % , p < @ ) .", "at @ years , among those women not identifying as an ethnic minority , the retention rate for those who received nz$ @ was significantly higher than for those who did not ( @ % vs @ % , p = @ ) .", "inclusion of a small token monetary incentive significantly increases mail survey response rates and participant retention in mid-age new zealand women ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "co-sleeping is associated with disturbance of the natural sleep pattern , including sleep fragmentation and daytime sleepiness .", "nocturnal enuresis ( ne ) or bed-wetting , although benign , is a significant cause of distress to affected children and their caregiver ( s ) .", "this study investigated the relationship between co-sleeping and ne in primary school children from china .", "data from a previous sleep study of primary school children from @ cities across china were analyzed .", "multivariable regression analysis was performed to assess the relationship between co-sleeping and ne while controlling for a number of confounding factors .", "the prevalence of ne in co-sleeping and non-co-sleeping children in different age groups was evaluated .", "the prevalence of co-sleeping and ne in children aged @ to @ years was @ % and @ % , respectively .", "co-sleeping was associated with a higher prevalence of ne in primary school age children ( odds ratio -lsb- or -rsb- , @ ; @ % confidence interval -lsb- ci -rsb- , @-@ @ ; p < @ ) after adjusting for confounding factors .", "the differences in the prevalence of ne between co-sleepers and non-co-sleepers were significant in the @-year age group ( or , @ ; @ % ci , @-@ @ ; p = @ ) and @ - to @-year age group ( or , @ ; @ % ci , @-@ @ ; p < @ ) .", "co-sleeping may increase the risk of ne in primary school children , particularly in those aged @ to @ years ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to investigate the effect of nicotine on choroidal thickness using optical coherence tomography ( oct ) .", "prospective , case-control study .", "sixteen young , healthy subjects and @ age and gender matched control cases were included in this study ; @ mg nicotine gum was given to the study group and placebo gum to the control group .", "all participants underwent oct scanning with a high-speed and resolution spectral-domain oct device ( @d oct @ , topcon , japan ) at baseline , and @ h following nicotine or placebo administration .", "the measurements were taken in the morning ( @:@ -@:@ hours ) to avoid diurnal fluctuation .", "the median foveal choroidal thickness at baseline was @ m ( iqr @ ) , which decreased to @ m ( iqr @ ) at @ h following oral nicotine intake ( p = @ ) .", "the median choroidal thickness was also significantly decreased at five other extrafoveal points ( p < @ for all ) .", "in the control group , the median baseline choroidal thickness at the fovea was @ m ( iqr @ ) , and was @ m ( iqr @ ) at @ h ( p = @ ) .", "nicotine causes a significant decrease in choroidal thickness following oral intake .", "this acute decrease might be a result of reduced ocular blood flow due to the vasoconstrictive effect of nicotine ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to describe successful methods of recruitment and identify practice characteristics related to increased recruitment of older people for a randomised controlled trial .", "general practices in three regions of new zealand and community-dwelling patients aged @ + were recruited for the brief risk identification geriatric health tool trial .", "general practitioners ( gps ) were faxed invitations with telephone follow-up .", "reply-paid cards with telephone follow-up were used to invite older people .", "gp and practice characteristics were examined in relationship to recruitment rate .", "during @-@ , @ of @ gps ( @ % ) in @ of @ practices approached ( @ % ) were recruited .", "regional variation was marked and @ of @ invited ( @ % ) older people were recruited .", "the gp 's length of time at the practice and training in new zealand was associated with recruitment success .", "despite variability in practice recruitment , a reasonably large and representative sample of older people was recruited through general practices ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "complaints of knee pain secondary to early osteoarthritis may account for up to @ % of visits to primary care physicians .", "due to the proposed inflammatory changes in early osteoarthritis , intra-articular injections of corticosteroids ( iacs ) have been considered as an option for disease progression modification , pain control , and improvement of function .", "however , some studies have suggested poor accuracy rates of ia injections depending on the entry site chosen .", "it is therefore the aim of this study to evaluate the efficacy of ia knee corticosteroid injection in reducing pain and improving function in patients with early osteoarthritis and whether the low accuracy rates reported with the anterolateral joint line injection site translate to worse functional and pain outcome measures as compared to suprapatellar lateral injections .", "the study was carried out as an open-label , randomized controlled trial with @ sequential patients recruited .", "simple randomization separated groups into anterolateral joint line or suprapatellar lateral injection sites .", "improvements were measured with womac and vas scores after injection of lidocaine and steroid solution .", "patients receiving iacs injections had a measurable improvement in self-reported outcomes as evidenced by standard deviation change in womac and vas scores .", "the majority of patients had a clinically significant improvement in vas scores as compared to their initial measures with a notable amount of patients improving significantly as well on their womac scores , irrespective of the injection site chosen .", "we have therefore continued the use of palpation-guided intra-articular knee injections in an effort to reduce costs as compared to other injection modalities with positive results in our osteoarthritis patients ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "artificial ulcers remain a major complication after endoscopic submucosal dissection ( esd ) .", "the development of more effective treatment regimen for this ulcer is required than the use of proton pump inhibitor ( ppi ) alone .", "patients with esd-derived artificial ulcers were randomly assigned to two groups : a group of patients who received rabeprazole @ mg daily for @ weeks ( ppi group ) and a group of patients who received a combination of rebamipide @ mg daily for @ weeks and rabeprazole @ mg dairy for the first @ weeks ( reb + ppi group ) .", "the area reduction ratio and healing status of ulcers were evaluated endoscopically on postoperative @ , @ and @ days .", "the overall ulcer area reduction ratio was higher in the reb + ppi group than in the ppi group , especially at an early stage .", "the ratio of progression to the h@ stage in the reb + ppi group was significantly higher than that in the ppi group , especially at an early stage .", "treatment with @ weeks of rebamipide plus the first @ weeks of ppi demonstrated a reduction ratio of artificial ulcers superior to that with @ weeks of ppi mono-therapy .", "this combination treatment is , therefore , one of the candidate treatment strategies against esd-derived artificial ulcers ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to evaluate the effectiveness of magnetotherapy in the treatment of hand osteoarthritis ( ho ) .", "in this randomized controlled single-blind follow-up study , patients with ho were randomly assigned into @ groups ( g@ and g@ ) .", "the subjects in g@ ( n = @ ) received @hz , @ pulse/s , @-@g , magnetotherapy of totally @ days and @ min/day combined with active range of motion/strengthening exercises for the hand .", "g@ ( n = @ ) received sham-magnetotherapy for @ min/day for the same duration combined with the same hand exercises .", "outcome measures were pain and joint stiffness evaluation , handgrip and pinchgrip strength ( hps ) , duruz and auscan hand osteoarthritis indexes ( daoi ) and short form-@ health questionnaire ( sf-@ ) administered at baseline , immediately after treatment and at the follow up .", "when the groups were compared with each other , improvement observed in sf-@ pain ( p < @ ) , sf-@ social function ( p = @ ) , sf-@ vitality ( p = @ ) , sf-@ general health ( p = @ ) , pain at rest ( p < @ ) , pain at motion ( p < @ ) , joint stiffness ( p < @ ) , daoi ( p < @ ) were in favor of g@ .", "changes in pain , function and quality of life scores showed significant advantage in favor of the applied electromagnetic intervention in patients with ho ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to determine the frequency of pharmacogenomic variants and concurrent medications that may alter the efficacy and tolerability of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors ( acheis ) .", "a multisite cross-sectional study was carried out across four memory care practices in the greater indianapolis area .", "participants were adults aged @ years and older with a diagnosis of probable or possible alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) ( n = @ ) .", "blood samples and self-reported medication data were collected .", "since two of the three acheis are metabolized by cytochrome p@ ( cyp ) -@ d@ , we determined the frequency of functional genetic variants in the cyp@d@ gene and calculated their predicted cyp@d@-activity scores .", "concurrent medication data were collected from self-reported medication surveys , and their predicted effect on the pharmacokinetics of acheis was determined based on their known effects on cyp@d@ and cyp@a@/@ enzyme activities .", "among the @ subjects enrolled , @ % were female and @ % were african american .", "subjects had a mean age of @ years .", "the population used a mean of eight medications per day ( prescription and nonprescription ) .", "the cyp@d@ activity score frequencies were @ ( @ % ) , @ ( @ % ) , @ ( @ % ) , @-@ @ ( @ % ) , and > @ ( @ % ) .", "nineteen subjects ( @ % ) used a medication considered a strong or moderate inhibitor of cyp@d@ , and eight subjects ( @ % ) used a medication considered a strong or moderate inhibitor of cyp@a@/@ .", "in total , @ % of the study population was predicted to have reduced activity of the cyp@d@ or cyp@a@/@ enzymes due to either genetic variants or concomitant medications .", "both pharmacogenetic variants and concurrent drug therapies that are predicted to alter the pharmacokinetics of acheis should be evaluated in older adults with ad .", "pharmacogenetic and drug-interaction data may help personalize ad therapy and increase adherence by improving tolerability ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "in this study , our goal was to compare intraoperative and postoperative analgesic effects of lornoxicam and fentanyl when added to lidocaine intravenous regional anesthesia ( ivra ) in a group of outpatients who underwent hand surgery .", "this is a double blind randomized study .", "a total of @ patients were included , randomized into three groups .", "patients in group i ( l ) received @mg .", "kg ( -@ ) of @ % lidocaine @ ml ; patients in group ii ( ll ) received @mg .", "kg ( -@ ) lidocaine @ ml + @ ml lornoxicam ; patients in group iii ( lf ) received @mg .", "kg ( -@ ) lidocaine @ ml + @ ml fentanyl .", "our primary outcome was first analgesic requirement time at postoperative period .", "lornoxicam added to lidocaine ivra increased the sensory block recovery time without increasing side effects and increased first analgesic requirement time at the postoperative period when compared to lidocaine ivra ( p < @ , p < @ respectively ) and fentanyl added to lidocaine ivra ( p < @ , p < @ respectively ) .", "in addition , we also found that fentanyl decreased tourniquet pain ( p < @ ) when compared to lidocaine but showed similar analgesic effect with lornoxicam ( p > @ ) although vas scores related to tourniquet pain were lower in fentanyl group .", "lornoxicam added to lidocaine ivra was not superior to lidocaine ivra in decreasing tourniquet pain .", "addition of fentanyl to lidocaine ivra seems to be superior to lidocaine ivra and lornoxicam added to lidocaine ivra groups in decreasing tourniquet pain at the expense of increasing side effects .", "however , lornoxicam did not increase side effects while providing intraoperative and postoperative analgesia .", "therefore , lornoxicam could be more appropriate for clinical use ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "employing waiting list control designs in psychological and behavioral intervention research may artificially inflate intervention effect estimates .", "this exploratory randomized controlled trial tested this proposition in a study employing a brief intervention for problem drinkers , one domain of research in which waiting list control designs are used .", "all participants ( n = @ ) were provided with brief personalized feedback intervention materials after being randomly allocated either to be told that they were in the intervention condition and that this was the intervention or to be told that they were in the waiting list control condition and that they would receive access to the intervention in four weeks with this information provided in the meantime .", "a total of @ participants ( @ % ) were followed-up after @weeks .", "between-group differences were found in one of four outcomes ( proportion within safe drinking guidelines ) .", "an interaction was identified between experimental manipulation and stage of change at study entry such that participant change was arrested among those more ready to change and told they were on the waiting list .", "trials with waiting list control conditions may overestimate treatment effects , though the extent of any such bias appears likely to vary between study populations .", "arguably they should only be used where this threat to valid inference has been carefully assessed ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "a substantial proportion of patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease ( gerd ) have only a partial response to proton pump inhibitor ( ppi ) therapy .", "prokinetic drugs may improve reflux symptoms by enhancing oesophageal motility and gastric emptying .", "to evaluate the effect of revexepride , a novel prokinetic @-hydroxytryptamine type @ ( @-ht@ ) receptor agonist , compared with placebo , in patients with gerd who have a partial response to ppis .", "a phase @b , double-blind , parallel-group study was conducted , in which patients were randomised to one of three revexepride treatment groups ( @ , @ and @ mg three times daily ) or placebo ( @:@:@:@ ratio ) .", "daily e-diary data captured patients ' symptoms over an @-week treatment period .", "the primary efficacy outcome was the weekly percentage of regurgitation-free days in the second half of the study ( weeks @-@ ) .", "in total , @ patients were randomised and @ received treatment ( mean age @ years ; @ % women ) .", "the mean percentage of regurgitation-free days increased from baseline ( range , @-@ @ % ) to week @ ( @-@ @ % ) in all four study arms ; however , there were no statistically significant differences in this change between placebo and the three treatment arms .", "no dose-dependent relationship in treatment effect was observed for any of the study endpoints .", "the incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events ( teaes ) was revexepride dose-dependent .", "only one serious teae occurred and none resulted in death .", "revexepride was no more effective than placebo in controlling regurgitation in patients with gerd symptoms partially responsive to ppis .", "revexepride was well tolerated .", "clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct@ ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "despite improvements in the diagnosis and treatment of depression , primary care provider ( pcp ) discussion regarding suicidal thoughts among patients with depressive symptoms remains low .", "to determine whether a targeted depression public service announcement ( psa ) video or an individually tailored interactive multimedia computer program ( imcp ) leads to increased primary care provider ( pcp ) discussion of suicidal thoughts in patients with elevated risk for clinical depression when compared to an attention control .", "randomized control trial at five different healthcare systems in northern california ; two academic , two veterans affairs ( va ) , and one group-model health maintenance organization ( hmo ) .", "eight-hundred sixty-seven participants , with mean age @ ; @ % women , @ % from a racial/ethnic minority group .", "the psa was targeted to gender and socio-economic status , and designed to encourage patients to seek depression care or request information regarding depression .", "the imcp was an individually tailored interactive health message designed to activate patients to discuss possible depressive symptoms .", "the attention control was a sleep hygiene video .", "clinician reported discussion of suicidal thoughts .", "analyses were stratified by depressive symptom level ( patient health questionnaire -lsb- phq-@ -rsb- score < @ -lsb- mild or lower -rsb- versus @ -lsb- at least moderate -rsb- ) .", "among patients with a phq-@ score @ , pcp discussion of suicidal thoughts was significantly higher in the imcp group than in the control group ( adjusted odds ratio = @ , @ % confidence interval = @ , @ , p = @ ) .", "there were no significant effects of either intervention on pcp discussion of suicidal thoughts among patients with a phq-@ score < @ .", "exposure of patients with at least moderate depressive symptoms to an individually tailored intervention designed to increase patient engagement in depression care led to increased pcp discussion of suicidal thoughts ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "division of the parenchymal lung for lobectomy is performed in patients who have an incomplete fissure .", "a stapler device can reduce postoperative air leak , but it is expensive .", "to investigate the advantage of using a stapler , in terms of postoperative air leak and cost , compared to hand-sewn techniques .", "a non-blinded randomized controlled trial was conducted in chiang mai university hospital , thailand , from november @ , @ to september @ , @ .", "fifty-three adult patients were randomized to undergo a hand-sewn technique ( @ patients ) or stapler closure ( @ patients ) .", "postoperative air leak in the stapler group was less than that in the hand-sewn group ( @ % vs. @ % , p = @ ) , and the duration of air leak in the stapler group was significantly shorter than that in the hand-sewn group ( @ vs. @ days , p = @ ) .", "the cost of treatment was not significantly different between groups ; however , the total cost in the stapler group was less than that in the hand-sewn group ( mean difference @ thai baht ( us$ @ ) .", "a stapler reduces postoperative air leaks and the duration of air leaks .", "furthermore , the total cost of treatment was comparable .", "therefore , using staples may provide substantial financial benefits ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "during perioperative fasting , lipid metabolism gradually increases , resulting in free fatty acids ( ffa ) and/or ketone bodies .", "suppression of surgical stress by remifentanil may allow the safe administration of glucose infusions , avoiding both hyperglycemia and ketogenesis .", "the effects of glucose infusion on glucose and lipid metabolism were therefore investigated in patients undergoing minor surgery with remifentanil anesthesia .", "thirty-four patients were randomized @:@ to receive no glucose ( @g group ) or low-dose glucose ( @ g/kg/h for @h followed by @ g/kg/h for @h ; lg group ) .", "the concentrations of glucose , adrenocorticotropic hormone ( acth ) , @-methylhistidine ( @-mh ) , insulin , cortisol , ffa , creatinine ( cr ) , and ketone bodies were measured before anesthetic induction , @ and @h after glucose infusion , at the end of surgery , and the next morning .", "the concentrations of cortisol and acth decreased during surgery in both groups when compared with the concentrations before anesthesia and at the end of surgery ( p < @ ) .", "glucose and insulin concentrations were significantly higher in the lg than in the @g group at @ and @h after infusion .", "no patient experienced hyperglycemia .", "the concentrations of ffa and ketone bodies were lower in the lg than in the @g group during surgery , but there were no significant between group differences in @-mh/cr .", "infusion of low-dose glucose attenuated fat catabolism without causing hyperglycemia , indicating that infusion of low-dose glucose during remifentanil-induced anesthesia may be safe for patients ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to explore the clinical roles of jiawei shentong zhuyu decoction ( jszd ) in preventing the occurrence of failed back surgery syndrome ( fbss ) , and to observe its effect on serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha ( tnf-alpha ) .", "totally @ patients prepared for surgical operation due to lumbar intervertebral disc herniation were randomly assigned to the treatment group and the control group according to random number table , @ cases in each group .", "patients in the treatment group additionally took jszd , one dose per day , taken in two portions , once in the morning and once in the evening .", "those in the control group took celecoxib capsule ( @ mg each time , once per day ) and mecobalamin tablet ( @ mg each time , @ times per day ) .", "they only took mecobalamin tablet from the @th day .", "all patients were treated for @ days .", "japanese orthopaedic association ( joa ) score was performed before treatment , at week @ , after treatment , at @ months of followed-ups , and at @ months of followed-ups .", "and the levels of tnf-alpha in the peripheral blood were observed before treatment and at one month after treatment .", "totally @ patients completed the followed-up study .", "the joa scores were improved after treatment , at @ and @ months of followed-ups ( p < @ , p < @ ) .", "the joa score at @ months of followed-ups was superior in the treatment group to that of the control group ( p < @ ) .", "five patients ( accounting for @ % ) suffered from fbss in the treatment group , while @ ( accounting for @ % ) suffered from fbss in the control group .", "the treatment group was superior to the control group ( p < @ ) .", "the tnfalpha level was improved after treatment in the two groups .", "of them , the improvement of tnf-alpha in the treatment group was better than that of the control group ( p < @ ) .", "the application of jszd was effective for preventing the occurrence of fbss , and improved the serum tnf-alpha level ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the current study was conducted to investigate the dependence between progression-free survival ( pfs ) and overall survival ( os ) in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma ( mrcc ) and to explore whether pfs can be used as an intermediate endpoint of os in this patient population .", "a total of @ patients from @ prospective phase @ trials ( cancer and leukemia group b -lsb- calgb -rsb- @ and avoren ) of interferon-alpha with or without bevacizumab were analyzed .", "both trials recruited previously untreated patients with clear cell mrcc with an eastern cooperative oncology group performance status of @ to @ ; adequate bone marrow , hepatic , cardiac , and renal function ; and controlled blood pressure .", "the calgb study served as the training data set , and the avoren study served as the testing data set .", "the dependence between pfs and os was investigated using the kendall tau for bivariate time-to-event endpoints .", "in the training data set , the median os times among patients who experienced progressive disease at @ months or @ months were @ months and @ months , respectively , compared with @ months and @ months , respectively , ( p < @ ) in patients who did not develop disease progress .", "the adjusted hazard ratios ( hr ) were @ ( p < @ ) and @ ( p < @ ) , respectively , for patients who did and did not progress at @ months or @ months .", "the dependence between pfs and os was @ .", "these associations were confirmed in the testing data set .", "in patients with mrcc who were treated with interferon-alpha with or without bevacizumab , the pfs at @ months and @ months was found to be predictive of os .", "a high dependence between pfs and os was observed , suggesting that pfs may be used as a surrogate endpoint for os .", "although this is a novel observation for rcc , these findings require validation in patients with mrcc who are treated with other targeted agents ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "clinical application of an antibiotic 's pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic ( pk/pd ) properties may improve the outcome of severe infections .", "no data are available on the use of linezolid ( lnz ) continuous infusion in critically ill obese patients affected by ventilator-associated pneumonia ( vap ) .", "we conducted a prospective randomized controlled trial to compare lnz concentrations in plasma and epithelial lining fluid ( elf ) , when administered by intermittent and continuous infusion ( ii , ci ) , in obese critically ill patients affected by vap .", "twenty-two critically ill obese patients were enrolled .", "at the steady state , in the ii group , mean sd total and unbound maximum-minimum concentrations ( c max/c max , u - c min/cmin , u ) were @ @ / @ @ mg/l and @ @ / @ @ mg/l , respectively .", "in the ci group , the mean sd total and unbound plasma concentrations ( c ss and c ss , u ) were @ @ and @ @ mg/l , respectively .", "within a minimum inhibitory concentration ( mic ) range of @-@ mg/l , the median ( iqr ) time lnz plasma concentration persisted above mic ( % t > mic ) was significantly higher in the ci than the ii group -lsb- @ ( @-@ ) vs @ ( @-@ ) , p = @ ; @ ( @-@ ) vs @ ( @-@ @ ) , p = @ ; @ ( @-@ ) vs @ ( @-@ @ ) , p = @ ; respectively -rsb- .", "pulmonary penetration ( % ) was higher in the ci group , as confirmed by a monte carlo simulation -lsb- @ ( iqr @-@ @ ) vs @ ( iqr @-@ @ ) ; p < @ -rsb- .", "in critically ill obese patients affected by vap , lnz ci may overcome the limits of standard administration but these advantages are less evident with difficult to treat pathogens ( mic = @ mg/l ) .", "these data support the usefulness of lnz continuous infusion , combined with therapeutic drug monitoring ( tdm ) , in selected critically ill populations ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the long-term efficacy and safety of responsive direct neurostimulation was assessed in adults with medically refractory partial onset seizures .", "all participants were treated with a cranially implanted responsive neurostimulator that delivers stimulation to @ or @ seizure foci via chronically implanted electrodes when specific electrocorticographic patterns are detected ( rns system ) .", "participants had completed a @-year primarily open-label safety study ( n = @ ) or a @-year randomized blinded controlled safety and efficacy study ( n = @ ) ; @ participants transitioned into an ongoing @-year study to assess safety and efficacy .", "the average participant was @ ( @ ) years old with epilepsy for @ ( @ ) years .", "the median preimplant frequency of disabling partial or generalized tonic-clonic seizures was @ seizures a month .", "the median percent seizure reduction in the randomized blinded controlled trial was @ % at @ year and @ % at @ years ( p < @ , generalized estimating equation ) and ranged from @ % to @ % over postimplant years @ through @ in the long-term study .", "improvements in quality of life were maintained ( p < @ ) .", "the most common serious device-related adverse events over the mean @ years of follow-up were implant site infection ( @ % ) involving soft tissue and neurostimulator explantation ( @ % ) .", "the rns system is the first direct brain responsive neurostimulator .", "acute and sustained efficacy and safety were demonstrated in adults with medically refractory partial onset seizures arising from @ or @ foci over a mean follow-up of @ years .", "this experience supports the rns system as a treatment option for refractory partial seizures .", "this study provides class iv evidence that for adults with medically refractory partial onset seizures , responsive direct cortical stimulation reduces seizures and improves quality of life over a mean follow-up of @ years ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "METHODS" ]

[ "patients with diabetes often develop ocular complications .", "the most common and most blinding of these complications , however , is diabetic retinopathy .", "the objective of this study was to compare the retinal neovessels regression in proliferative diabetic retinopathy ( pdr ) treated with pan retinal photocoagulation ( prp ) versus panretinal photocoagulation plus intra vitreal bevacizumab ( ivb ) .", "a comparative study was conducted at khyber institute of ophthalmic medical sciences , hayatabad medical complex , peshawar from @st october @ to @st august @ .", "a total of @ eyes were randomised into two groups .", "neovessels status was assessed before and at every follow up visit .", "neo vessels on the disc ( nvds ) were assessed as per percentage of nvd occupying the disc surface whereas neo vessels elsewhere ( nve ) were also assessed as per reference to disc surface diameter .", "neovascularization on the disc was @ + / - @ % at presentation which increased to @ + / - @ % on @th day and stabilised to @ + / - @ % on day @ in prp group .", "in prp-plus group , @ + / - @ % nvd regressed to @ + / - @ % on @th day and @ + / - @ % on day @ .", "the nve in prp group was @ + / - @ % at baseline , @ + / - @ % on @th day , and @ + / - @ % on day @ .", "in prp-plus group it was @ + / - @ % at baseline , @ + / - @ % on day @ , and @ + / - @ % on day @ .", "on day @ both the groups had highly significant different nvd ( p = @ ) and nve ( p = @ ) .", "intra vitreal bevacizumab in short term is effective as adjunctive treatment to prp with early and higher rate of retinal neovessels regression than prp alone in pdr patients ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to determine the efficacy of combining of boswellia serrata l. resin and the root of cyperus scariosus l. plus pfmt in reproductive age women with stress urinary incontinence .", "a prospective , single-blind , placebo-controlled , randomized trial was conducted .", "the patients were randomized to receive orally either combination of equal quantity of b.serrata and c.scariosus ( @g ) ( n = @ ) or placebo ( n = @ ) respectively twice daily for @ weeks in addition to pelvic floor muscle training in both groups .", "the outcome was one hour pad test .", "the results were analyzed using parametric and nonparametric test .", "the improvement in the test and control group was @ % and @ % respectively .", "between the group comparison was statistically significant ( p = @ ) .", "the intra group comparison of one hour pad test was statistically significant in both groups ( p < @ ) .", "no adverse effects were noted .", "the test group was more effective than control group in women with sui ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "surgical resection has been the mainstay of curative treatment of early stage lung cancer in selected patients .", "we evaluated survival and patterns of recurrence after surgical resection for early stage lung cancer from the american college of surgeons oncology group z@/alliance trial .", "one thousand eighteen patients enrolled in the z@ trial were analyzed according to clinical t stage .", "differences between groups were compared using the @-sample rank test or ( @ ) test .", "log rank test and cox proportional hazards regression were used to compare survival and recurrence .", "to compare patients who underwent open versus video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery ( vats ) resections , propensity-score matched analysis was performed .", "seven hundred fifty-two patients ( @ undergoing vats and @ undergoing open surgery ) were classified into @ equal-sized propensity-score groups .", "proportional hazards regression was used to compare these outcomes .", "there were @ patients with ct@ tumors and @ patients with ct@ tumors .", "median follow-up was @ years .", "median overall survival was @ years ( stage t@ ) and @ years ( stage t@ ) .", "overall survival at @ years was @ % ( stage t@ ) and @ % ( stage t@ ) .", "local recurrence-free survival at @ years was @ % ( stage t@ ) and @ % ( stage t@ ) ( p = @ ) .", "among patients with stage t@ cancer , @ % ( @ out of @ ) had local recurrences , whereas @ % ( @ out of @ ) of those with stage t@ tumors had local failure .", "there was no difference in the development of new primary tumors between stage t@ and stage t@ groups .", "in the propensity-score matched analysis of vats versus open lobectomy patients , there was no difference in overall survival , disease-free survival , and freedom from development of a new primary tumor .", "results of patients with resected early stage non-small cell carcinoma from a large-scale , multicenter trial serve as benchmarks against which to compare nonsurgical therapies for early stage lung cancer .", "propensity-score matched analysis shows no difference in survival between patients undergoing vats and open lobectomy ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "this study was conducted to investigate the effects of creatine loading and resistance training on the homocysteine and lipid profiles of young males .", "sixty male university students ( @ @ years , @ @ m , @ @ kg , @ @ % body fat ) were randomly divided in to three groups ; control ( cg = @ ) , creatine supplement ( ceg = @ ) and placebo ( peg = @ ) .", "both ceg and peg participated in a same resistance-training regimen and either taking a creatine supplement ( @ g/d for the first @ days followed @ g/d thereafter ) or the same amount of placebo for @ weeks .", "participants in cg did not take any creatine supplementation and not engage any exercise program .", "after the body composition were assessed , the homocysteine ( hcy ) concentrations , blood lipids , folic acid and vitamin b@ levels of all the participants were measured at the beginning and end of the eight weeks of resistance training .", "the analysis of the data indicated that the hcy levels of the ceg after resistance training and receiving the creatine supplement ( @ @ ) was significantly lower than that of baseline ( @ @ ) measurements , f ( @,@ ) = @ , p = @ .", "no significant differences were seen in the hcy levels of the peg ( @ @ ) after @ weeks of training and receiving a placebo ( @ @ ) , f ( @,@ ) = @ , p = @ .", "furthermore , there were no significant differences among groups in terms of hcy levels , f ( @,@ ) = @ , p = @ .", "the present study suggests that as well as strength gain ; creatine supplementation with resistance training may afford some protection against emerging cardiovascular risk factors ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to compare rates and severity of complications between infants undergoing cataract surgery with and without intraocular lens ( iol ) implantation .", "prospective randomized clinical trial .", "a total of @ infants were enrolled in the infant aphakia treatment study , a randomized , multi-center ( @ ) clinical trial comparing the treatment of unilateral aphakia in patients under @ months of age with a primary iol implant or contact lens .", "the rate , character , and severity of intraoperative complications , adverse events , and additional intraocular surgeries during the first @ postoperative years in the @ groups were examined .", "there were more patients with intraoperative complications ( @ % vs @ % , p = @ ) , adverse events ( @ % vs @ % , p = @ ) , and more additional intraocular surgeries ( @ % vs @ % , p < @ ) in the iol group than in the contact lens group .", "however , the number of patients with adverse events in the contact lens group increased ( @ to @ ) in postoperative years @-@ compared to the first postoperative year , while it decreased ( @ to @ ) in years @-@ compared to the first postoperative year in the iol group .", "if only one half of the patients in the contact lens ( aphakic ) group eventually undergo secondary iol implantation , the number of additional intraocular surgeries in the @ groups will be approximately equal .", "the increased rate of complications , adverse events , and additional intraocular surgeries associated with iol implantation in infants < @ months of age militates toward leaving babies aphakic if it is considered likely that the family will be successful with contact lens correction ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the aims of this study were ( @ ) to assess the long-term effects of a collaborative care intervention for patients with depression on process of care outcomes , and ( @ ) to describe whether case management was continued after the end of the original one-year intervention .", "this @-month follow-up of a randomized controlled trial took place @ months after the end of the @-year intervention .", "data collection occurred by means of self-rating questionnaires and from medical records .", "we calculated linear mixed and logistic generalized estimating equation models .", "of the @ patients included at baseline , @ ( @ % ) participated in this follow-up .", "intervention recipients gave higher ratings than control recipients in terms of mean overall patient assessment of chronic illness care ( pacic ) scores ( @ vs. @ ; p = @ ) , but no difference was found in medication adherence ( mean morisky score @ vs. @ , p = @ ) , prescribed antidepressant medications ( @ % vs. @ % ; p = @ ) , visits to the family physician ( @ vs. @ , p = @ ) or mental health specialist ( @ vs. @ , p = @ ) over the @ month follow-up period .", "case management was continued for @ ( @ % ) selected intervention patients after the original intervention had ended .", "at @ months , intervention and control recipients had different pacic ratings , but other process of care outcomes did not differ .", "the main effects of the intervention are apparent at @ months ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "effective lifestyle interventions are needed to prevent noncommunicable diseases in low - and middle-income countries .", "we analyzed the effects of a school-based health promotion intervention on physical fitness after @ months and explored if the effect varied with important school characteristics .", "we also assessed effects on screen time , physical activity and bmi .", "we performed a cluster-randomized pair matched trial in schools in urban ecuador .", "the intervention included an individual and environmental component tailored to the local context and resources .", "primary outcomes were physical fitness ( eurofit battery ) , screen time ( questionnaires ) and physical activity ( accelerometers ) .", "change in bmi was a secondary outcome .", "a total of @ grade @ and @ adolescents ( intervention : n = @ , @ % ) and @ schools ( intervention : n = @ , @ % ) participated .", "data of @ adolescents ( intervention : n = @ , @ % ) from @ schools were analyzed .", "a school-based intervention with an individual and environment component can improve physical fitness and can minimize the decline in physical activity levels from childhood into adolescence in urban ecuador .", "clinicaltrials.gov identifier nct@ ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "recently , various near-infrared vascular imaging devices aimed at facilitating peripheral intravenous cannulation ( pic ) were introduced , all claiming to increase success rate of pic .", "we evaluated the clinical utility of a near-infrared vascular imaging device ( vasculuminator ( ) ) in pediatric patients who were referred to the anesthesiologist because of difficult cannulation .", "there were @ consecutive children referred to pediatric anesthesiologists by the treating pediatrician of the in - and outpatient clinic , because of difficulties with intravenous cannulation , were included in this cluster randomized clinical trial .", "the presence and use of the near-infrared vascular imaging device for pic was randomized in clusters of @ week .", "success at first attempt ( fisher exact test ) and time to successful cannulation ( log-rank test ) were assessed to evaluate differences between groups .", "success at first attempt in the group with the vasculuminator ( ) ( @ % ) was not significantly different from the control group ( @ % , p = @ ) , neither was the median time to successful cannulation : @ s and @ s , respectively ( p = @ ) .", "visualization of blood vessels with near-infrared light and with near-infrared vascular imaging device did not improve success of pic in pediatric patients who are known difficult to cannulate ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the high prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea in patients with resistant hypertension could be mediated by an activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system .", "this study assessed the impact of continuous positive airway pressure ( cpap ) treatment on plasma aldosterone concentration ( pac ) .", "one hundred and twenty-four patients with resistant hypertension were assessed , and those who fulfilled inclusion criteria ( n = @ ) underwent full night polysomnography , @-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring , and pac measurement .", "patients with an apnea-hypopnea index above @ ( n = @ ) were randomized to cpap ( n = @ ) or to conventional treatment ( n = @ ) for @ months .", "seventy-eight patients completed the follow-up ( @ cpap , @ conventional treatment ) ; @ had true resistant hypertension ( @ % ) , whereas @ had white-coat resistant hypertension ( @ % ) .", "most patients were men ( @ % ) , age @ years , and the mean apnea-hypopnea index was @ .", "in patients with true resistant hypertension , cpap achieved a significant decrease in most @-h bp measurements and a nonsignificant decrease in pac ( @ vs. @ ng/dl ; p < @ ) .", "in patients with white-coat resistant hypertension , cpap achieved a significant decrease in pac ( @ vs. @ ng/dl ; p < @ ) and in night-time dbp .", "after adjustment , a weak but significant association was found between cumulative time spent with sao@ below @ % ( ct@ % ) and baseline pac ( p < @ , r @ ) , and between changes in pac and changes in office dbp ( p < @ , r @ ) conclusions : : night-time hypoxemia and changes in dbp showed an association with baseline and changes in pac , respectively .", "cpap achieved a significant reduction in pac only in patients with white-coat resistant hypertension , although the cpap effect on bp was highest in patients with true resistant hypertension ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS" ]

[ "the swiss health ministry launched a national quality program ` qualiccare ' in @ to improve health care for patients with copd.the aim of this study is to determine whether participation in the copd quality initiative ( ` qualiccare ' ) improves adherence to recommended clinical processes and shows impact on patients ' copd care and on the impact of copd on a person 's life .", "carol is a cluster-randomized controlled trial with randomization on the general practioner ( gp ) level .", "thirty gps will be randomly assigned to equally sized intervention group or control group.each gp will approach consecutively and regardless of the reason for the current consultation , patients aged @ years or older , with a smoking history of ten pack-years ( py ) .", "patients with confirmed ( by spirometric evaluation ) copd will be included in the study .", "gps in the intervention group will receive ` qualiccare ' education , which addresses knowledge , decision-making and behavioural aspects as well as delivery of care according to copd quality indicators and evidence-based key elements .", "in the control group , no educational intervention will be applied and copd patients will be treated as usual .", "the study period is one year.the primary outcome measure is an aggregated score of relevant clinical processes defining elements in the care of patients with copd : smoking cessation counseling , influenza vaccination , motivation for physical activity , appropriate pharmacotherapy , patient education and collaborative care .", "given a power of @ % and a significance level alpha of @ % , @ gps recruiting eight patients each will be necessary in both study arms .", "with an assumed dropout rate of @ % , @ patients will need to be included .", "it is important to develop and implement interventions that add value to copd care considering quality and efficiency .", "care pathways modifying the knowledge and behavior of physicians have the potential for improving care by transferring knowledge to clinical practice .", "clinicaltrials.gov : nct@ ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "there is a lack of knowledge about the patient 's experience of excess skin after bariatric surgery in patients with body mass index , ( bmi ) > @ kg/m ( @ ) .", "the objective of this study was to evaluate experience of excess skin after laparoscopic biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch ( bpd/ds ) or laparoscopic roux-en-y gastric bypass ( lrygb ) and explore possible gender differences .", "another aim was to analyze possible correlation between the reported experiences of excess skin with changes in weight , bmi , and hip and waist circumference after surgery .", "one and/or @ years after gastric bypass or duodenal switch surgery @ patients responded to a specific questionnaire .", "the questionnaire included questions about the amount of excess skin and how much discomfort it caused .", "furthermore , the patients were measured concerning weight and waist and hip circumference .", "one year after surgery , a majority of the patients experienced excess skin scored as > @ ( `` a lot of '' or `` very much '' ) .", "the patients in the bpd/ds group experienced significantly more excess skin compared to patients in the lrygb group .", "women experienced more excess skin and discomfort on several body parts than men .", "the correlations between changes in bmi and the reported experience and discomfort of excess skin were low .", "there was a low to moderate correlation between changes in waist and hip circumference measures and the experience of excess skin on stomach and buttocks .", "weight loss after lrygb and bpd/ds in super-obese patients is associated with substantial discomfort from excess skin .", "women reported more discomfort and experienced more excess skin than men .", "there was a low correlation between experience of excess skin and changes in weight , bmi , and circumference measures ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to compare the efficacy of @ mg and @ mg doxazosin xl treatments in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia-related lower urinary tract symptoms and determine the efficiency of @ mg in those patients with inadequate response to @ mg .", "a total of @ patients were included in this study .", "of the patients , @ were randomized to receive @ mg doxazosin xl ( group @ ) , and @ were randomized to receive @ mg ( group @ ) treatments .", "after @ month of treatment , @ patients in group @ whose quality of life ( qol ) score was unchanged or had deteriorated were switched to @ mg doxazosin xl treatment ( group @b ) .", "the mean age was @ years .", "after @ month of treatment , the mean alteration in the international prostate symptom score was @ and @ ( p = @ ) , for the maximum urinary flow rate ( q ( max ) ) , it was @ and @ ml/s ( p = @ ) , and for the qol score it was @ and @ ( p = @ ) in groups @ and @ , respectively .", "for group @b , during the period in which the patients were receiving @ and @ mg doxazosin xl treatments ; the international prostate symptom score changes were @ and @ ( p < @ ) , the q ( max ) changes were @ and @ ml/s ( p < @ ) , and the qol changes were @ and @ ( p < @ ) in groups @ and @ , respectively .", "with no changes in side effects , @ mg doxazosin xl treatment is an efficient choice for patients who did not have an adequate response to @ mg doxazosin xl treatment ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "studies conducted in large populations of patients and providing full information on helicobacter pylori ( h. pylori ) antibiotic resistance are needed to determine the efficacy of sequential therapy ( sqt ) against this pathogen .", "this study compared eradication rates with sqt and standard triple therapy ( stt ) , and evaluated the impact of antibiotic resistance on outcomes .", "the study population included adults with positive h. pylori culture presenting at four centers in china between march @ and december @ .", "patients were randomly assigned to @ days of treatment with esomeprazole , amoxicillin , and clarithromycin ( stt ; n = @ ) or to @ days of treatment with esomeprazole and amoxicillin , followed by @ days of esomeprazole , clarithromycin , and tinidazole ( sqt ; n = @ ) .", "eradication was assessed @-@ weeks after treatment .", "there was no significant difference between the eradication rates achieved with stt ( @ % ( @ % confidence interval ( ci ) @-@ @ ) ) and sqt ( @ % ( @-@ @ ) ; p = @ ) in either the intention-to-treat analysis or the per-protocol analysis ( @ % ( @-@ @ ) and @ % ( @-@ @ ) , respectively ; p = @ ) .", "clarithromycin resistance ( cla-r , odds ratio ( or ) = @ ( @-@ @ ) , p < @ ) and metronidazole resistance ( met-r , or = @ ( @-@ @ ) , p = @ ) both independently predicted treatment failure in the sqt group .", "patients in the sqt group with dual cla-r and met-r had a lower eradication rate ( @ % ) than those with isolated cla-r ( @ % , p = @ ) or isolated met-r ( @ % , p < @ ) .", "h. pylori eradication rates with stt and sqt were compromised by antibiotic resistance .", "sqt may be suitable in regions with high prevalence of isolated cla-r , but it is unsatisfactory when both cla-r and met-r are present ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "pruritus is common among patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing dialysis , and the pathogenesis can be explained by several mechanisms .", "however , there is no definite evidence supporting them , which limits the relative efficacy of any individual treatment option .", "in this paper , we aimed to compare pregabalin with ondansetron in treatment of uraemic pruritus ( up ) in dialysis patients .", "in this @-week prospective , randomized , and double-blind trial , we assessed the efficacy and side effects in up patients undergoing dialysis .", "patients were randomly assigned to receive @ weeks of @ mg twice-weekly pregabalin or @ mg/day ondansetron or a placebo .", "visits were scheduled at @ , @ , @ , @ , @ , and @ weeks after treatment .", "the severity of pruritus was evaluated using visual analogue scale and modified duo 's vag scale .", "quality of sleep was evaluated using the pittsburgh sleep quality index .", "the effect of up on health-related quality of life was assessed using the chinese version of the @-item short-form ( sf-@ ) general health survey .", "baseline laboratory data and demographic characteristics were recorded from patient charts .", "finally , @ ( @ males , @ females , aged @ years old ) out of the @ patients completed the @-week study .", "of five patients who stopped pregabalin treatment due to side effects , two patients reported an improvement in nausea and vomiting among those receiving ondansetron .", "two patients dropped out for renal transplantation .", "the @ patients included @ cases from the pregabalin group , @ from the ondansetron group , and @ from the placebo group .", "over the @ weeks , only pregabalin improved up significantly .", "the severity of pruritus was reduced significantly in the pregabalin group compared with the ondansetron and the placebo groups .", "the final pruritus scores were not different between the ondansetron and the placebo groups .", "pruritus absolutely disappeared in two patients following renal transplantation .", "pregabalin is an effective alternative for treatment of uraemic pruritus .", "ondansetron has negligible effect on uremic pruritus and is expensive .", "a larger sample size may be needed to demonstrate the effect of ondansetron in uraemic pruritus ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to investigate whether granulocyte colony-stimulating factor ( g-csg ) affects endometrial thickness , implantation rates , and clinical pregnancy rates in routine , unselected ivf cycles .", "registered , individually randomized , two-group , parallel double-blinded placebo-controlled clinical trial .", "academically affiliated private clinical and research center .", "@ consecutive , unselected , consenting women with no history of renal disease , sickle cell disease , or malignancy who were undergoing ivf .", "sealed , numbered , opaque envelopes assigned @ patients to receive g-csf ( filgrastim , amgen , @ g/@ @ ml ) and @ to receive placebo ( saline ) .", "endometrial thickness , clinical pregnancy , and embryo implantation rates .", "the mean age for the whole study group was @ @ years ( g-csf : @ @ years ; placebo : @ @ years ) .", "endometrial thickness statistically significantly increased over the @-day observation period for the whole group by approximately @ mm .", "the increase in the g-csf group was not statistically significantly different from the control group .", "statistical models looking at treatment effects on clinical pregnancy and implantation rates demonstrated no effect of g-csf treatment .", "there were no adverse events for either treatment group .", "in normal ivf patients , g-csf does not affect endometrial thickness , implantation rates , or clinical pregnancy rates .", "because these results were obtained in an older patient population , they may not necessarily apply to younger women .", "nct@ ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "dilated cardiomyopathy is characterized by left ventricular dilatation and dysfunction .", "inflammation and adverse remodeling of the extracellular matrix may be involved in the pathogenesis .", "statins reduce levels of low density lipoprotein cholesterol , but may also attenuate inflammation and affect matrix remodeling .", "we hypothesized that treatment with rosuvastatin would reduce or even reverse left ventricular remodeling in dilated cardiomyopathy .", "in this multicenter , randomized , double blind , placebo-controlled study , @ patients were randomized to @ mg of rosuvastatin or matching placebo .", "physical examination , blood sampling , echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging were performed at baseline and at six months ' follow-up .", "the pre-specified primary end point was the change in left ventricular ejection fraction from baseline to six months .", "over all , left ventricular ejection fraction improved @ percentage points over the duration of the study , but there was no difference in the change in left ventricular ejection fraction between patients allocated to rosuvastatin and those allocated to placebo .", "whereas serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration fell significantly in the treatment arm , rosuvastatin did not affect plasma or serum levels of a wide range of inflammatory variables , including c-reactive protein .", "the effect on markers of extracellular matrix remodeling was modest .", "treatment with rosuvastatin does not improve left ventricular ejection fraction in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy .", "clinicaltrials.gov nct@ ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "current studies have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of laser intervention in the treatment of onychomycosis .", "the objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of long-pulsed nd : yag @ nm laser for treatment of toenails onychomycosis with fingernails onychomycosis .", "one hundred and twelve affected fingernails or toenails in @ patients with onychomycosis were randomized into group @ ( @ patients with @ affected fingernails ) and group @ ( @ patients with @ affected toenails ) .", "these patients were further classified into three subgroups ( grade ii , iii , and iv ) according to scoring clinical index of onychomycosis .", "all the affected nails were treated with long-pulse nd : yag @ nm laser intervention , once weekly , for continuous weeks , and were followed up for @ weeks .", "the response rates at weeks @ , @ , and @ were @ , @ and @ % , respectively , for group @ , and @ , @ and @ % for group @ .", "the inter-group difference in efficacy was statistically significant ( p < @ ) .", "even in the same subgroup , the response rate of group @ was higher than that of group @ .", "the efficacy of long-pulsed nd : yag @ nm laser intervention against affected toenails is superior to that against fingernails .", "it is also effective for treatment of onychomycosis with different severity ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "physical therapy is recommended for the management of axial spondyloarthritis ( axspa ) and flexibility exercises have traditionally been the main focus .", "cardiovascular ( cv ) diseases are considered as a major health concern in axspa and there is strong evidence that endurance and strength exercise protects against cv diseases .", "therefore , the aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of high intensity endurance and strength exercise on disease activity and cv health in patients with active axspa .", "in a single blinded randomized controlled pilot study the exercise group ( eg ) performed @ weeks of endurance and strength exercise while the control group ( cg ) received treatment as usual .", "the primary outcome was the ankylosing spondylitis ( as ) disease activity score ( asdas ) .", "secondary outcomes included patient reported disease activity ( bath as disease activity index -lsb- basdai -rsb- ) , physical function ( bath as functional index -lsb- basfi -rsb- ) , and cv risk factors measured by arterial stiffness ( augmentation index -lsb- alx -rsb- ) and pulse wave velocity -lsb- pwv -rsb- ) , cardiorespiratory fitness ( vo@ peak ) and body composition .", "ancova on the post intervention values with baseline values as covariates was used to assess group differences , and mann whitney u-test was used for outcomes with skewed residuals .", "twenty-eight patients were included and @ ( eg , n = @ , cg , n = @ ) completed the study .", "a mean treatment effect of -@ ( @ % ci : -@ , @ ) was seen in asdas score .", "treatment effects were also observed in secondary outcomes ( mean group difference -lsb- @ % ci -rsb- ) : basdai : -@ ( -@ , -@ ) , basfi : -@ ( -@ , -@ ) , arterial stiffness ( estimated median group differences -lsb- @ % ci -rsb- ) : aix ( % ) : -@ ( -@ , -@ ) , and for pvw ( m/s ) : -@ ( -@ , @ ) , vo@ peak ( ml/kg/min ) ( mean group difference -lsb- @ % ci -rsb- : @ ( @ , @ ) and trunk fat ( % ) : -@ ( -@ , -@ ) .", "no adverse events occurred .", "high intensity exercise improved disease activity and reduced cv risk factors in patients with active axspa .", "these effects will be further explored in a larger trial .", "clinicaltrials.gov nct@ ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "low vitamin d status is linked to increased mortality and morbidity in patients who are critically ill .", "it is unknown if this association is causal .", "to investigate whether a vitamin d@ treatment regimen intended to restore and maintain normal vitamin d status over @ months is of health benefit for patients in icus .", "a randomized double-blind , placebo-controlled , single-center trial , conducted from may @ through september @ at @ icus that included a medical and surgical population of @ critically ill adult white patients with vitamin d deficiency ( @ ng/ml ) assigned to receive either vitamin d@ ( n = @ ) or a placebo ( n = @ ) .", "vitamin d@ or placebo was given orally or via nasogastric tube once at a dose of @,@ iu followed by monthly maintenance doses of @,@ iu for @ months .", "the primary outcome was hospital length of stay .", "secondary outcomes included , among others , length of icu stay , the percentage of patients with @-hydroxyvitamin d levels higher than @ ng/ml at day @ , hospital mortality , and @-month mortality .", "a predefined severe vitamin d deficiency ( @ ng/ml ) subgroup analysis was specified before data unblinding and analysis .", "a total of @ patients were included in the final analysis ( @ in the vitamin d@ group and @ in the placebo group ) .", "the median ( iqr ) length of hospital stay was not significantly different between groups ( @ days -lsb- iqr , @-@ @ -rsb- for vitamin d@ vs @ days -lsb- iqr , @-@ @ -rsb- for placebo ; p = @ ) .", "hospital mortality and @-month mortality were also not significantly different ( hospital mortality : @ % -lsb- @ % ci , @ % -@ % -rsb- for vitamin d@ vs @ % -lsb- @ % ci , @ % -@ % -rsb- for placebo ; hazard ratio -lsb- hr -rsb- , @ -lsb- @ % ci , @-@ @ -rsb- ; p = @ ; @-month mortality : @ % -lsb- @ % ci , @ % -@ % -rsb- for vitamin d@ vs @ % -lsb- @ % ci , @ % -@ % -rsb- for placebo ; hr , @ -lsb- @ % ci , @-@ @ -rsb- ; p = @ ) .", "for the severe vitamin d deficiency subgroup analysis ( n = @ ) , length of hospital stay was not significantly different between the @ study groups : @ days ( iqr , @-@ @ ) for vitamin d@ vs @ days ( iqr , @-@ @ ) for placebo .", "hospital mortality was significantly lower with @ deaths among @ patients ( @ % -lsb- @ % ci , @ % -@ % -rsb- ) for vitamin d@ compared with @ deaths among @ patients ( @ % -lsb- @ % ci , @ % -@ % -rsb- ) for placebo ( hr , @ -lsb- @ % ci , @-@ @ -rsb- , p for interaction = @ ) , but not @-month mortality ( @ % -lsb- @ % ci , @ % -@ % -rsb- for vitamin d@ vs @ % -lsb- @ % ci , @ % -@ % -rsb- for placebo ; hr , @ -lsb- @ % ci , @-@ @ -rsb- , p for interaction = @ ) .", "among critically ill patients with vitamin d deficiency , administration of high-dose vitamin d@ compared with placebo did not reduce hospital length of stay , hospital mortality , or @-month mortality .", "lower hospital mortality was observed in the severe vitamin d deficiency subgroup , but this finding should be considered hypothesis generating and requires further study .", "clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct@ ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "to assess the role of sexual relationships on levels and patterns of adherence to medication for pre-exposure prophylaxis against hiv .", "we enrolled @ hiv-negative individuals in long-term serodiscordant relationships at @ sites in uganda from the partners pre-exposure prophylaxis study , a randomized placebo-controlled trial of daily oral tenofovir and emtricitabine/tenofovir .", "we used generalized estimation equations to assess the effects of sexual relationships on low adherence ( < @ % ) and on gaps in adherence .", "fifty-three percent were male , @ % were @-@ years and @ % were polygamous .", "participants who reported sex in the past month with someone other than their primary partner and with < @ % condom use were more than twice as likely to have low adherence -lsb- adjusted odds ratio ( aor ) = @ , @ % ci : @ to @ -rsb- compared with those who had sex with only their primary partners and @ % condom use .", "using the same reference group , those who abstained from sex in the previous month had @ % increased odds of low adherence ( aor = @ , @ % ci : @ to @ ) and participants in nonpolygamous marriages who reported sex with both their primary and other partners and < @ % condom use were almost twice as likely to be low adherers ( aor = @ , @ % ci : @ to @ ) .", "at least one @-hour gap in adherence was seen in @ participants ( @ % ) ; @ % had at least one @-week gap .", "risk of low overall adherence was higher in participants who reported sex outside primary partnerships and suboptimal condom use , as well as in those who abstained from sex .", "adherence gaps were common , potentially creating risk for hiv acquisition ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "excessive and inadequate gestational weight gain can complicate a woman 's pregnancy and put her and her child at risk for poor delivery and birth outcomes .", "further , feeding and activity habits established early in life can significantly impact the development of childhood obesity .", "the on-going delta healthy sprouts project is a randomized , controlled , comparative trial testing the efficacy of two maternal , infant , and early childhood home visiting programs on weight status and health behaviors of @ mothers and their infants residing in the rural mississippi delta region of the united states .", "women are enrolled in their second trimester of pregnancy and randomized to one of two treatment arms .", "the control arm curriculum is based on parents as teachers , an evidence based approach to increase parental knowledge of child development and improve parenting practices .", "the experimental arm , labeled parents as teachers enhanced , builds upon the control curriculum by including culturally tailored nutrition and physical activity components specifically designed for the gestational and postnatal periods .", "we hypothesize that , as compared to the control arm , the experimental arm will be more effective in preventing inappropriate gestational weight gain , reducing postnatal weight retention , and decreasing infant obesity rates .", "we also will evaluate mother and child dietary and physical activity outcomes , breastfeeding initiation and continuation , and child feeding practices .", "the delta healthy sprouts project tests a novel , combined approach to maternal weight management and childhood obesity prevention in pregnant women and their children at high risk for obesity and chronic disease ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "general practitioners/dermatologists may be aware of musculoskeletal symptoms in patients with psoriasis but may have difficulty accurately detecting psoriatic arthritis ( psa ) .", "we sought to evaluate @ psa screening questionnaires-the psoriasis and arthritis screening questionnaire ( pasq ) , psoriasis epidemiology screening tool ( pest ) , and toronto psoriatic arthritis screen ( topas ) - based on rheumatologist assessment in patients with psoriasis .", "consecutive unselected patients with psoriasis , initially evaluated by dermatologists for plaque psoriasis , were randomized to receive @ of @ questionnaires .", "patients were subsequently evaluated by rheumatologists to establish/exclude clinical psa diagnosis .", "using clinical psa diagnosis as the standard for comparison , questionnaire accuracy was assessed by calculating sensitivity/specificity and positive/negative predictive values .", "of @ patients with psoriasis evaluated by rheumatologists , @ ( @ % ) received a clinical diagnosis of psa ( @ % confidence interval @ % -@ % ) .", "probable psa was detected in @ % , @ % , and @ % of patients using pasq , pest , and topas , respectively .", "sensitivity ranged from @ to @ ; specificity , @ to @ ; positive predictive value , @ to @ ; and negative predictive value , @ to @ .", "not all patients completed all questionnaires ; lack of standardized diagnostic criteria introduced possible bias .", "pasq , pest , and topas are useful screening tools that can help dermatologists identifypatients without psa and patients with possible psa who may benefit from rheumatologist assessment ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the purpose of this study was to assess the time of onset and time course of efficacy over @ hours of extended-release multilayer bead formulation of methylphenidate ( mph-mlr ) compared with placebo in children @-@ years of age with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( adhd ) in a laboratory school setting .", "this randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study included children @-@ years of age with adhd .", "enrolled children went through four study phases : @ ) screening period ( @ weeks ) and a @ day medication washout period ; @ ) open-label period with dose initiation of mph-mlr @mg daily and individual dose optimization treatment period ( @-@ weeks ) ; @ ) double-blind crossover period in which participants were randomized to sequences ( @ week each ) of placebo and the optimized mph-mlr dose given daily ; and @ ) follow-up safety call .", "analog classroom time course evaluations were performed at the end of each double-blind week .", "the primary efficacy end-point was the mean of the on-treatment/postdose swanson , kotkin , agler , m-flynn , and pelham ( skamp ) - total scores over time points collected @-@ @ hours after dosing .", "end-points were evaluated using a mixed-effects analysis of covariance .", "the evaluable population included @ participants .", "the least-squares mean postdose skamp-total score was higher for placebo than for mph-mlr ( @ vs. @ , respectively ; p = @ ) , indicating fewer symptoms with mph-mlr therapy than with placebo .", "no difference in skamp-total score between participants who received sequence @ or sequence @ was noted .", "from each of hours @-@ @ , least-squares mean skamp-total score was significantly lower for those receiving mph-mlr than for those receiving placebo ( p@ @ ) .", "neither serious adverse events nor new or unexpected safety findings were noted during the study .", "mph-mlr showed a significant decrease in skamp scores compared with placebo in children with adhd @-@ years of age , indicating a decrease in adhd symptoms .", "the estimated onset was observed within @ hour , and duration was measured to @ hours postdose .", "clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct@ ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "examine the short-term ( acute ) effects of methylphenidate ( mph ) on math performance in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder ( adhd ) and what factors predict improvement in math performance .", "one hundred ninety-eight children with adhd participated in a double-blind , placebo-controlled , randomized crossover mph trial .", "math response to mph was determined through administration of math problems adjusted to their academic level during the restricted academic situation scale ( rass ) .", "student t tests were conducted to assess change in math performance with psychostimulants .", "correlation between change on the rass and change on the math performance was also examined .", "linear regression was performed to determine predictor variables .", "children with adhd improved significantly in their math with mph ( p < @ ) .", "the degree of improvement on the rass ( which evaluates motor activity and orientation to task ) and on math performance on mph was highly correlated .", "a child 's age at baseline and wechsler individual achievement test ( wiat ) - numerical operations standard scores at baseline accounted for @ % of variances for acute math improvement .", "mph improves acute math performance in children with adhd .", "younger children with lower math scores ( as assessed by the wiat ) improved most on math scores when given psychostimulants .", "nct@ ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "atopic dermatitis ( ad ) is an inflammatory skin disease arising as a result of immune system and skin barrier defects .", "topical corticosteroids are safe and effective treatments for ad , when used in short courses .", "prolonged use is associated with skin barrier damage .", "topical calcineurin inhibitors are alternative immune-modulating treatments for ad purported to have no negative effects on the skin barrier .", "to compare the effects of betamethasone valerate @ % cream ( bmvc ) and tacrolimus @ % ointment ( taco ) on the skin barrier .", "twenty volunteers with quiescent ad ( no active signs for @months ) participated in a randomized observer-blind study , wherein bmvc was applied to one forearm and taco to the other , twice daily for @weeks .", "the biophysical/biological properties of the stratum corneum were assessed before and after treatment .", "nine volunteers with active disease and @ with healthy skin were assessed at untreated sites .", "bmvc significantly reduced skin barrier function , integrity and cohesion , and the levels of pyrrolidone carboxylic acid ( pca ) and urocanic acid ( uca ) towards the subclinical barrier defect observed in patients with ad ( nonlesional sites ) .", "taco preserved skin barrier function , integrity , cohesion and pca and uca levels , while significantly increasing skin hydration to levels comparable with healthy skin .", "both treatments reduced skin surface ph and trypsin-like protease activity , with taco doing so to a significantly greater degree .", "in quiescent ad , @weeks of bmvc treatment adversely affected the biophysical properties of the skin and reduced the levels of natural moisturizing factor , whereas taco improved the condition of the skin barrier ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "mental and physical fatigue while at work is common among emergency medical services ( ems ) shift workers .", "extended shifts ( for example @ hours ) and excessive amounts of overtime work increase the likelihood of negative safety outcomes and pose a challenge for ems fatigue-risk management .", "text message-based interventions are a potentially high-impact , low-cost platform for sleep and fatigue assessment and distributing information to workers at risk of negative safety outcomes related to sleep behaviors and fatigue .", "we will conduct a pilot randomized trial with a convenience sample of adult ems workers recruited from across the united states using a single study website .", "participants will be allocated to one of two possible arms for a @-day study period .", "the intervention arm will involve text message assessments of sleepiness , fatigue , and difficulty with concentration at the beginning , during , and end of scheduled shifts .", "intervention subjects reporting high levels of sleepiness or fatigue will receive one of four randomly selected intervention messages promoting behavior change during shiftwork .", "control subjects will receive assessment only text messages .", "we aim to determine the performance characteristics of a text messaging tool for the delivery of a sleep and fatigue intervention .", "we seek to determine if a text messaging program with tailored intervention messages is effective at reducing perceived sleepiness and/or fatigue among emergency medicine clinician shift workers .", "additional aims include testing whether a theory-based behavioral intervention , delivered by text message , changes ` alertness behaviors ' .", "the sleeptracktxt pilot trial could provide evidence of compliance and effectiveness that would support rapid widespread expansion in one of two forms : @ ) a stand-alone program in the form of a tailored/individualized sleep monitoring and fatigue reduction support service for ems workers ; or @ ) an add-on to a multi-component fatigue risk management program led and maintained by employers or by safety and risk management services .", "clinicaltrials.gov nct@ , registered on @ january @ ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "this study reports @-month follow-up data from a randomized controlled trial of preschool-based social communication treatment for young children with autism .", "a total of @ children ( @ males ) with autism , @ to @ months of age , had earlier been randomized either to @ weeks of preschool-based social communication treatment in addition to standard preschool program ( n = @ ) or to standard preschool program only ( n = @ ) .", "significant short-term effects on targeted social communication skills have previously been published .", "long-term gains in social communication , language and global social functioning and communication were assessed from video-taped preschool teacher-child and mother-child interactions , early social communication scales , reynell developmental language scale , and social communication questionnaire .", "compared with those in the control group , the treated children achieved significantly larger improvements in joint attention and joint engagement from baseline to @-month follow-up .", "however , no effects were detected on language and global ratings of social functioning and communication .", "the treatment effect on child initiation of joint attention increased with increasing level of sociability at baseline , whereas nonverbal iq and expressive language had no moderating effect .", "this study is the first to show that , similar to specialist-delivered treatment , preschool-based treatment may produce small but possibly clinically important long-term changes in social communication in young children with autism .", "the treatment did not affect language and global ratings of social functioning and communication .", "more studies are needed to better understand whether treatment effects may be improved by increasing the intensity and duration of the treatment .", "clinical trial registration information -- joint attention intervention and young children with autism ; http://clinicaltrials.gov/; nct@ ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "protocolized sedation improves clinical outcomes in critically ill adults , but its effect in children is unknown .", "to determine whether critically ill children managed with a nurse-implemented , goal-directed sedation protocol experience fewer days of mechanical ventilation than patients receiving usual care .", "cluster randomized trial conducted in @ us pediatric intensive care units ( picus ) .", "a total of @ children ( mean age , @ years ; range , @ weeks to @ years ) mechanically ventilated for acute respiratory failure were enrolled in @-@ and followed up until @ hours after opioids were discontinued , @ days , or hospital discharge .", "intervention picus ( @ sites ; n = @ patients ) used a protocol that included targeted sedation , arousal assessments , extubation readiness testing , sedation adjustment every @ hours , and sedation weaning .", "control picus ( @ sites ; n = @ patients ) managed sedation per usual care .", "the primary outcome was duration of mechanical ventilation .", "secondary outcomes included time to recovery from acute respiratory failure , duration of weaning from mechanical ventilation , neurological testing , picu and hospital lengths of stay , in-hospital mortality , sedation-related adverse events , measures of sedative exposure ( wakefulness , pain , and agitation ) , and occurrence of iatrogenic withdrawal .", "duration of mechanical ventilation was not different between the @ groups ( intervention : median , @ -lsb- iqr , @-@ @ -rsb- days ; control : median , @ -lsb- iqr , @-@ @ -rsb- days ) .", "sedation-related adverse events including inadequate pain and sedation management , clinically significant iatrogenic withdrawal , and unplanned endotracheal tube/invasive line removal were not significantly different between the @ groups .", "intervention patients experienced more postextubation stridor ( @ % vs @ % ; p = @ ) and fewer stage @ or worse immobility-related pressure ulcers ( < @ % vs @ % ; p = @ ) .", "in exploratory analyses , intervention patients had fewer days of opioid administration ( median , @ -lsb- iqr , @-@ -rsb- days vs @ -lsb- iqr , @-@ -rsb- days ; p = @ ) , were exposed to fewer sedative classes ( median , @ -lsb- iqr , @-@ -rsb- classes vs @ -lsb- iqr , @-@ -rsb- classes ; p < @ ) , and were more often awake and calm while intubated ( median , @ % -lsb- iqr , @ % -@ % -rsb- of days vs @ % -lsb- iqr , @ % -@ % -rsb- of days ; p = @ ) than control patients , respectively ; however , intervention patients had more days with any report of a pain score @ ( median , @ % -lsb- iqr , @ % -@ % -rsb- of days vs @ % -lsb- iqr , @ % -@ % -rsb- of days ; p < @ ) and any report of agitation ( median , @ % -lsb- iqr , @ % -@ % -rsb- vs @ % -lsb- iqr , @ % -@ % -rsb- ; p = @ ) , respectively .", "among children undergoing mechanical ventilation for acute respiratory failure , the use of a sedation protocol compared with usual care did not reduce the duration of mechanical ventilation .", "exploratory analyses of secondary outcomes suggest a complex relationship among wakefulness , pain , and agitation .", "clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct@ ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "pertrochanteric hip fractures occur in an elderly population and cause considerable morbidity and loss of functional ability as the fracture heals .", "recently , parathyroid hormone ( pth ) , which is licensed for the treatment of osteoporosis , has been shown to potentially accelerate bone healing in animal and human studies .", "if its administration could allow a faster functional recovery after pertrochanteric hip fracture , then a patient 's hospital stay may be reduced and rehabilitation could be potentially accelerated .", "pth can currently only be administered by subcutaneous injection .", "the acceptability of this intervention is unknown in this elderly population .", "the aim of this pilot study is to inform the design of a future powered study comparing the functional recovery after pertrochanteric hip fracture in patients undergoing standard care versus those who undergo administration of subcutaneous injection of pth .", "the study is an open label , prospective , randomised , comparative pilot study with blinded outcomes assessment to establish feasibility of the trial design .", "patients will be randomised to receive a @-week course of pth or usual treatment .", "functional outcomes will be assessed at @ weeks and @ weeks .", "blinded assessment will be used to minimise the effect of bias of an open label study design .", "a nested qualitative study will investigate the patient experience of , and expectations following , hip fracture and the patient important aspects of recovery compared with the outcome measures proposed .", "results will be analysed to establish the potential recruitment , compliance and retention rates using @ % cis , and trial outcomes quoted with sds and @ % cis for the effect size .", "the study has been approved by the south west @ research ethics committee ( reference @/h@/@ ) .", "the findings of this study will be disseminated to the medical community via presentations to orthopaedic , orthogeriatric and osteoporosis societies , and their relevant specialist journals .", "isrctn register reference number : isrctn@ .", "eudract number : @-@-@ ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "myrtle ( myrtus communis l. ) has been used in the iranian traditional medicine as a treatment for abnormal uterine bleeding-menometrorrhagia .", "the main aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of myrtle fruit syrup on abnormal uterine bleeding-menometrorrhagia .", "a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled pilot study was conducted on @ women suffering from abnormal uterine bleeding-menometrorrhagia .", "treatment comprised of giving @ml oral myrtle syrup daily ( @ml three times a day ) for @days starting from the onset of bleeding .", "the myrtle syrup along with placebo was repeated for @ consecutive menstrual periods .", "menstrual duration and number of used pads were recorded by the pictorial blood loss assessment chart at the end of each menstrual period .", "the quality of life was also evaluated using the menorrhagia questionnaire .", "the mean number of bleeding days significantly declined from @ days to @ days after @months treatment with the syrup ( p = @ ) and consequently the participants in the intervention group used fewer pads after @months ( @ ) compared with the number of pads used at the beginning of the treatment ( @ , p = @ ) .", "bleeding days and number of pads used by the participants in the placebo group did not change significantly .", "also significant changes of quality of life scores were observed in the intervention group after @months compared to the baseline .", "myrtle syrup is introduced as a potential remedy for abnormal uterine bleeding-menometrorrhagia ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "despite positive effects of incretins on insulin secretion , little is known about the effect of exercise on these hormones .", "metformin can affect incretin concentrations and is prescribed to a large proportion of people with diabetes .", "we , therefore , examined the effects of aerobic exercise and/or metformin on incretin hormones .", "ten participants with type @ diabetes were recruited for this randomized crossover study .", "metformin or placebo was given for @ days , followed by the alternate treatment for @ days .", "on the last @ days of each condition , participants were assessed during a non-exercise day and a subsequent exercise day .", "aerobic exercise took place in the morning and blood samples were taken in the subsequent hours ( before and after lunch ) .", "aerobic exercise did not increase total plasma glucagon-like peptide-@ ( glp-@ ) or glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide ( gip ) in the pre - or post-lunch periods ( all p > @ ) .", "glp-@ was higher in the pre-lunch ( p = @ ) and post-lunch ( p = @ ) periods of the metformin conditions compared with the placebo .", "total plasma gip was higher in the pre-lunch period ( p = @ ) , but not in the post-lunch period ( p = @ ) , with metformin compared with placebo .", "in contrast to our hypothesis , aerobic exercise did not acutely increase total glp-@ and gip levels in patients with type @ diabetes .", "metformin , independent of exercise , significantly increased total plasma glp-@ and gip concentrations in these patients ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two exercise programs on lower extremity function in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis .", "thirty patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis participated in this study .", "pain , passive range of motion , muscle strength , balance , and functional abilities were assessed with the numeric rating scale , goniometer , handheld dynamometer , flamingo balance test , functional reach test , @-meter walking test , @-stair climbing test , and childhood health assessment questionnaire .", "participants were randomly assigned to the strengthening exercise group ( group @ , n = @ ) or the proprioceptive-balance exercise group ( group @ , n = @ ) .", "intragroup analysis showed statistically significant improvements in all outcome measures except muscle strength in the hip and ankle after strengthening exercises in group @ .", "however , statistically significant improvements were found in all outcome measures after the proprioceptive-balance exercises in group @ .", "intergroup analysis showed statistically significant improvement in all outcome measures in group @ except for the numeric rating scale , childhood health assessment questionnaire , and passive range of motion scores and hip extension and knee flexion muscle strengths .", "this study demonstrates that exercise treatment significantly improves musculoskeletal symptoms in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis .", "however , balance-proprioceptive exercises prove to be effective more than strengthening exercises for improving lower extremity function such as walking , climbing stairs , and balance in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "a high-frequency steady-state visual evoked potential ( ssvep ) has been suggested for the reduction of eye fatigue for ssvep-based brain-computer interfaces ( bcis ) .", "however , the poor performance of high-frequency ssvep requires a novel stimulus of better performance even with low eye fatigue .", "as an alternative to the high-frequency ssvep , we explore the ssvep response to an amplitude-modulated stimulus ( am-ssvep ) to verify its availability for brain-computer interfaces ( bcis ) .", "an amplitude-modulated stimulus was generated as the product of two sine waves at a carrier frequency ( fc ) and a modulating frequency ( fm ) .", "the carrier frequency was higher than @ hz to reduce eye fatigue , and the modulating frequency ranged around the - band ( @-@ hz ) to utilize low-frequency harmonic information .", "four targets were used in combinations of three different modulating frequencies and two different carrier frequencies in the offline experiment , and two additional targets were added with one additional modulating and one carrier frequency in online experiments .", "in the am-ssvep spectra , seven harmonic components were identified at @fc , @fm , fcfm , fc@fm , and @fc-@fm .", "using an optimized combination of the harmonic frequencies , online experiments demonstrated that the accuracy of the am-ssvep was equivalent to that of the low-frequency ssvep .", "furthermore , subject evaluation indicated that an am stimulus caused lower eye fatigue and less sensing of flickering than a low-frequency stimulus , in a manner similar to a high-frequency stimulus .", "the actual stimulus frequencies of am-ssveps are in the high-frequency band , resulting in reduced eye fatigue .", "furthermore , am-ssveps can utilize both fundamental stimulus frequencies and non-integer harmonic frequencies including low frequencies for ssvep recognition .", "the feasibility of am-ssvep with high bci performance and low eye fatigue was confirmed through offline and online experiments .", "am-ssveps combine the advantages of both low - and high-frequency ssveps -- high power and low eye fatigue , respectively .", "am-ssvep-based bci systems exploit these advantages , making them promising for application in practical bci systems ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the use of supplemental oxygen in the setting of suspected acute myocardial infarction ( ami ) is recommended in international treatment guidelines and established in prehospital and hospital clinical routine throughout the world .", "however , to date there is no conclusive evidence from adequately designed and powered trials supporting this practice .", "existing data are conflicting and fail to clarify the role of supplemental oxygen in ami .", "a total of @,@ normoxemic ( oxygen saturation -lsb- spo@ -rsb- @ % ) patients with suspected ami will be randomly assigned to either supplemental oxygen @ l/min delivered by oxymask ( medcore sweden ab , kista , sweden ) for @ to @ hours in the treatment group or room air in the control group .", "patient inclusion and randomization will take place at first medical contact , either before hospital admission or at the emergency department .", "the swedish web-system for enhancement and development of evidence-based care in heart disease evaluated according to recommended therapies registry will be used for online randomization , allowing inclusion of a broad population of all-comers .", "follow-up will be carried out in nationwide health registries and swedish web-system for enhancement and development of evidence-based care in heart disease evaluated according to recommended therapies .", "the primary objective is to evaluate whether oxygen reduces @-year all-cause mortality .", "secondary end points include @-day mortality , major adverse cardiac events , and health economy .", "prespecified subgroups include patients with confirmed ami and certain risk groups .", "in a @-month pilot study , the study concept was found to be safe and feasible .", "the need to clarify the uncertainty of the role of supplemental oxygen therapy in the setting of suspected ami is urgent .", "the deto@x-ami trial is designed and powered to address this important issue and may have a direct impact on future recommendations ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "despite the intensive global efforts to control intestinal parasitic infections , the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth ( sth ) infections is still very high in many developing countries particularly among children in rural areas .", "a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial was conducted on @ aboriginal schoolchildren in malaysia to investigate the effects of a single high-dose of vitamin a supplementation ( @,@ iu ) on sth reinfection .", "the effect of the supplement was assessed at @ and @ months after receiving interventions ; after a complete @-day deworming course of @ mg/daily of albendazole tablets .", "almost all children ( @ % ) were infected with at least one sth species .", "the overall prevalence of ascariasis , trichuriasis and hookworm infection was @ % , @ % and @ % , respectively .", "reinfection rates of ascaris , trichuris and hookworm were high ; at @ months , assessment reached @ % of the prevalence reported before treatment .", "there were no significant differences in the reinfection rates and intensities of sth between vitamin a supplemented-children and those who received placebo at @ and @ months ( p > @ ) .", "vitamin a supplementation showed no protective effect against sth reinfection and this could be due to the high endemicity of sth in this community .", "long-term interventions to reduce poverty will help significantly in reducing this continuing problem and there is no doubt that reducing intestinal parasitic infection would have a positive impact on the health , nutrition and education of these children .", "this trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as nct@ ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "diet and lifestyle modification is commonly used in constipation management .", "as there is a dearth of studies on this topic in malaysia , we aim to elucidate the relations between stool patterns , dietary intake and physical activity levels among adults with functional constipation .", "from a database collected via surveys at public events , a convenience sample of @ adults diagnosed with rome ii-defined functional constipation was enrolled in this cross-sectional study .", "after severity assessment using the chinese constipation questionnaire , subjects completed @-week bowel movement diaries to determine stool frequency , consistency and output .", "dietary intake and physical activity levels were assessed twice using three-day @-hour diet recalls and international physical activity questionnaire , respectively .", "ninety subjects who completed the study were included in the analysis .", "mean weekly stool frequency was @ + / - @ times , consistency score was @ + / - @ ( range @-@ @ ) , output was @ + / - @ balls ( @ mm diameter ) and severity score was @ + / - @ ( range @-@ @ ) .", "mean daily dietary intakes were : energy @,@ + / - @kcal , dietary fibre @ + / - @ g and fluid @ + / - @ l.", "the majority of subjects were physically inactive .", "stool frequency and output were positively associated with dietary fibre ( r ( s ) = @ , p < @ ; r ( s ) = @ , p < @ ) and fluid intake ( r ( s ) = @ , p < @ ; or = @ , @ % ci -lsb- @-@ @ -rsb- ) .", "constipation severity was associated with higher physical activity levels ( or = @ , @ % ci -lsb- @-@ @ -rsb- ) .", "insufficient intake of dietary fibre and fluid are associated with aggravated constipation symptoms .", "further studies are necessary to confirm usefulness of dietary intervention in treatment of constipation as dietary factors alone may not influence overall severity and stool consistency , an integral element of constipation ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "patients with ckd have a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease associated with or exacerbated by inactivity .", "this randomized , controlled study investigated whether a renal rehabilitation exercise program for patients with stages @ or @ ckd would improve their physical function and quality of life .", "in total , @ adults with ckd stages @ and @ were randomized , and @ of these patients proceeded to usual care or the renal rehabilitation exercise intervention consisting of usual care plus guided exercise two times per week for @ weeks ( @ sessions ) .", "physical function was determined by three well established performance-based tests : @-minute walk test , sit-to-stand test , and gait-speed test .", "health-related quality of life was assessed by the rand @-item short form health survey .", "at baseline , no differences in self-reported level of activity , @-minute walk test , and sit-to-stand test scores were observed between the usual care ( n = @ ) and renal rehabilitation exercise ( n = @ ) groups , although baseline gait-speed test score was higher in the renal rehabilitation exercise group ( p < @ ) .", "at follow-up , the renal rehabilitation exercise group but not the usual care group showed significant improvements in the @-minute walk test ( +@ ft -lsb- @ % improvement -rsb- versus -@ ft ; p < @ ) , the sit-to-stand test ( +@ % of age prediction -lsb- @ % improvement -rsb- versus +@ % of age prediction ; p < @ ) , and the rand-@ physical measures of role functioning ( p < @ ) , physical functioning ( p < @ ) , energy/fatigue levels ( p = @ ) , and general health ( p = @ ) and mental measure of pain scale ( p = @ ) .", "the renal rehabilitation exercise regimen was generally well tolerated .", "a @-week/@-session renal rehabilitation exercise program improved physical capacity and quality of life in patients with ckd stages @ and @ .", "longer follow-up is needed to determine if these findings will translate into decreased mortality rates ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "youth in war-affected regions are at risk for poor psychological , social , and educational outcomes .", "effective interventions are needed to improve mental health , social behavior , and school functioning .", "this randomized controlled trial tested the effectiveness of a @-session cognitive-behavioral therapy ( cbt ) - based group mental health intervention for multisymptomatic war-affected youth ( aged @-@ years ) in sierra leone .", "war-affected youth identified by elevated distress and impairment via community screening were randomized ( stratified by sex and age ) to the youth readiness intervention ( yri ) ( n = @ ) or to a control condition ( n = @ ) .", "after treatment , youth were again randomized and offered an education subsidy immediately ( n = @ ) or waitlisted ( n = @ ) .", "emotion regulation , psychological distress , prosocial attitudes/behaviors , social support , functional impairment , and posttraumatic stress disorder ( ptsd ) symptoms were assessed at pre - and postintervention andat @-month follow-up .", "for youth in school , enrollment , attendance , and classroom performance were assessed after @ months .", "linear mixed-effects regressions evaluated outcomes .", "the yri showed significant postintervention effects on emotion regulation , prosocial attitudes/behaviors , social support , and reduced functional impairment , and significant follow-up effects on school enrollment , school attendance , and classroom behavior .", "in contrast , education subsidy was associated with better attendance but had no effect on mental health or functioning , school retention , or classroom behavior .", "interactions between education subsidy and yri were not significant .", "yri produced acute improvements in mental health and functioning as well as longer-term effects on school engagement andbehavior , suggesting potential to prepare war-affected youth for educational and otheropportunities .", "clinical trial registration information-trial of the youth readiness intervention ( yri ) ; http://clinicaltrials.gov; nct@ ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "images depicting morbidly obese models -lsb- i.e. body mass index ( bmi ) > @ -rsb- often accompany media articles about the health risks of being overweight ( i.e. bmi @-@ ) .", "little is known about the effect of this mismatch on people 's understanding of risk , and perceptions of message relevance .", "in total , @ participants ( @ overweight/obese and @ healthy weight ) were randomly allocated to read a health message about the risk of heart disease posed by being overweight , presented alongside ( i ) a photo of an overweight model , ( ii ) a morbidly obese model or ( iii ) no photo .", "between-group differences in the primary outcomes of message relevance , and the body size perceived to be ` at risk ' , were assessed , and the potential moderating effects of motivation , weight concern and existing risk knowledge explored .", "overweight and obese participants in the exaggerated ( morbidly obese ) image condition interpreted health risks to relate to a larger body size than those who saw no image ( f ( @ , @ ) = @ , p = @ ) .", "there was no experimental effect on perceived personal relevance ( f ( @ , @ ) = @ , p = @ ) .", "no significant moderation effects were detected , and there was no effect of study condition in healthy weight participants for either outcome .", "the findings suggest that the use of morbidly obese models in messages regarding the health risks of being overweight may undermine the impact of these messages among those who they most aim to reach ; the reader may perceive a reduced risk of being ` only ' overweight , and that a higher weight is needed for the negative effects of excess weight to occur ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to evaluate the anti-spasticity effects of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation ( tdcs ) in individuals with spastic cerebral palsy ( cp ) .", "forty-six children and adolescents with cerebral palsy were randomly assigned to either active ( @ ma anodal ) or sham ( placebo ) tdcs over the left primary motor cortex ( ml ) on five consecutive days .", "both group also received routine physical therapy .", "measures of spasticity and passive range of motion ( prom ) were administered before treatment , immediately after treatment , and at @ - and @-hours follow-up .", "participants assigned to active tdcs treatment evidenced significantly more pre - to immediately post-treatment reductions in spasticity than participants assigned to the sham ( p = @ , p < o. @l , andp = @ for shoulder wrist , and fingers respectively ) and these improvement in spasticity maintainedfor at least @ hours for wrist joints ( p = @ ) .", "there was only one participant in the active tdcs condition developed erythematous rash .", "however , all participants tolerated the tdcs well without any serious adverse events .", "anodal tdcs appeared to reduce cp-relatedspasticity ( but not prom ) in the short term .", "researches examine the long term benefits of this intervention on spasticity are warranted ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary omega-@ fatty acid ( o@fa ) supplementation on dry eye symptoms , tear film tests , and conjunctival impression cytology in patients with contact lens wear-associated dry eye .", "in this randomized , double-blind , multicentric trial , contact lens wearers ( n = @ ) were randomized to receive either o@fas or placebo capsules ( corn oil ) twice daily for @ months .", "subjects underwent examinations at baseline , @ months , and @ months .", "at each visit , a questionnaire of dry eye symptoms and lens wear comfort was administered .", "subjects further underwent measurement of tear film break-up time ( tbut ) and a schirmer test .", "conjunctival impression cytology was performed by the transfer method .", "improvement in symptoms and lens wear comfort were primary outcome measures .", "changes from baseline in tbut , schirmer , and nelson grade at @ months were secondary outcome measures .", "the mean improvement in symptom score in the o@fa group was @ @ ( @ ) as compared with @ @ ( @ ) in the placebo group ( p < @ ) .", "lens wear comfort levels improved significantly ( p < @ ) from baseline .", "there was a significant increase in tbut -lsb- @ @ ( @ ) -rsb- and nelson grade -lsb- @ @ ( @ ) -rsb- in the o@fa group ( p < @ ) as compared with @ @ ( @ ) and @ @ ( @ ) in the placebo group ( p = @ and @ , respectively ) .", "however , the magnitude of increase in schirmer score -lsb- @ @ ( @ ) -rsb- was relatively small ( p = @ ) .", "the results of this study point toward benefits of orally administered o@fas in alleviating dry eye symptoms , improving lens wear comfort , and cytological changes in contact lens wearers ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to evaluate and compare the effects of @ manual therapy interventions on cervical spine range of motion ( rom ) , head repositioning accuracy , and balance in patients with chronic cervicogenic dizziness .", "randomized controlled trial with @-week follow-up using blinded outcome assessment .", "university school of health sciences .", "participants ( n = @ ; mean age sd , @ @ y ; @ % women ) with chronic cervicogenic dizziness .", "participants were randomly assigned to @ of @ groups : sustained natural apophyseal glides ( snags ) with self-snag exercises , passive joint mobilization ( pjm ) with rom exercises , or a placebo .", "participants each received @ to @ treatments over @ weeks .", "cervical rom , head repositioning accuracy , and balance .", "snag therapy resulted in improved ( p @ ) cervical spine rom in all @ physiological cervical spine movement directions immediately posttreatment and at @ weeks .", "treatment with pjm resulted in improvement in @ of the @ cervical movement directions posttreatment and @ movement direction at @ weeks .", "there was a greater improvement ( p < @ ) after snags than pjm in extension ( mean difference , -@ ; @ % confidence interval -lsb- ci -rsb- , -@ to -@ ) and right rotation ( mean difference , -@ ; @ % ci , -@ to -@ ) posttreatment .", "manual therapy had no effect on balance or head repositioning accuracy .", "snag treatment improved cervical rom , and the effects were maintained for @ weeks after treatment .", "pjm had very limited impact on cervical rom .", "there was no conclusive effect of snags or pjms on joint repositioning accuracy or balance in people with cervicogenic dizziness ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "in early postpartum haemorrhage ( pph ) , a low concentration of fibrinogen is associated with excessive subsequent bleeding and blood transfusion .", "we hypothesized that pre-emptive treatment with fibrinogen concentrate reduces the need for red blood cell ( rbc ) transfusion in patients with pph .", "in this investigator-initiated , multicentre , double-blinded , parallel randomized controlled trial , we assigned subjects with severe pph to a single dose of fibrinogen concentrate or placebo ( saline ) .", "a dose of @ g or equivalent was given to all subjects independent of body weight and the fibrinogen concentration at inclusion .", "the primary outcome was rbc transfusion up to @ weeks postpartum .", "secondary outcomes were total blood loss , total amount of blood transfused , occurrence of rebleeding , haemoglobin < @ g litre ( -@ ) , rbc transfusion within @ h , @ h , and @ days , and as a composite outcome of ` severe pph ' , defined as a decrease in haemoglobin of > @ g litre ( -@ ) , transfusion of at least @ units of rbcs , haemostatic intervention ( angiographic embolization , surgical arterial ligation , or hysterectomy ) , or maternal death .", "of the @ randomized subjects , @ of @ in the fibrinogen group and @ of @ in the placebo group were included in the intention-to-treat analysis .", "at inclusion the subjects had severe pph , with a mean blood loss of @ ( sd @ ) ml and a mean fibrinogen concentration of @ ( sd @ ) g litre ( -@ ) .", "the intervention group received a mean dose of @ mg kg ( -@ ) fibrinogen concentrate , thereby significantly increasing fibrinogen concentration compared with placebo by @ g litre ( -@ ) ( @ % confidence interval , @-@ @ ; p = @ ) .", "postpartum blood transfusion occurred in @ ( @ % ) of the fibrinogen group and @ ( @ % ) of the placebo group ( relative risk , @ ; @ % confidence interval , @-@ @ ; p = @ ) .", "we found no difference in any predefined secondary outcomes , per-protocol analyses , or adjusted analyses .", "no thromboembolic events were detected .", "we found no evidence for the use of @ g fibrinogen concentrate as pre-emptive treatment for severe pph in patients with normofibrinogenaemia .", "clinicaltrials.gov : http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/nct@ .", "published protocol : http://www.trialsjournal.com/content/pdf/@-@-@[email protected] ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "the therapeutic outcomes of low-level laser therapy ( lllt ) on closed bone fractures ( cbfs ) in the wrist and hand were investigated in this controlled study .", "animal research has confirmed that lllt increases osteocyte quantity ; however , little research has been conducted to determine the effect of lllt on the treatment of human bone fractures .", "in this study , the therapeutic outcomes of administering @nm lllt to treat cbfs in the wrist or hand were examined .", "fifty patients with cbfs in the wrist and hand , who had not received surgical treatment , were recruited and randomly assigned to two groups .", "the laser group underwent a treatment program in which @nm lllt ( average power @mw , peak power @w , @hz , @sec , and @ j/cm ( @ ) per fracture site ) was administered five times per week for @ weeks .", "participants in a placebo group received sham laser treatment .", "the pain , functional disability , grip strength , and radiographic parameters of the participants were evaluated before and after treatment and at a @-week follow-up .", "after treatment and at the follow-up , the laser group exhibited significant changes in all of the parameters compared with the baseline ( p < @ ) .", "the results of comparing the two groups after treatment and at the follow-up indicated significant between-group differences among all of the parameters ( p < @ ) .", "lllt can relieve pain and improve the healing process of cbfs in the human wrist and hand ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "oral antibiotics use in infants in developing countries is challenging because liquid formulations are often unavailable .", "however , dissolving solid formulation of drugs in water poses a risk of gastrointestinal infection .", "although mother 's milk may be a potential vehicle , no evidence exists to indicate that antibiotics dissolved in human milk are bioequivalent to those dissolved in water .", "therefore , we compared pharmacokinetic parameters of an orally administered antibiotic , amoxicillin , dissolved in human milk , to those of water-dissolved amoxicillin .", "a pharmacokinetic study was conducted in @ healthy adult volunteers in a randomised crossover design .", "marketed amoxicillin powder for suspension was dissolved in either human milk or water at a final concentration of @ mg/ml , and @ ml was given orally in a fasting state .", "timed blood samples were obtained and plasma amoxicillin was quantified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry .", "results showed that pharmacokinetic parameters , including area-under-the-curve , cmax and half-life of the water-based and milk-based amoxicillin administration were not significantly different .", "@ % cis of the ratios of these parameters in concomitant breast milk administration to those of water were within @ % and @ % , suggesting they are bioequivalent ( defined as a range between @ % and @ % ) .", "we conclude that oral administration of amoxicillin dissolved in human milk at @ mg/ml results in pharmacokinetics profiles comparable to amoxicillin dissolved in water .", "pharmaceutical interactions between amoxicillin and breast milk are unlikely , suggesting no need to modify dosing schedules ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "patients with stroke suffer from nutrition impairments and often rely on enteral nutrition ( en ) , which is associated with respiratory complications such as regurgitation and aspiration .", "to evaluate the incidence of regurgitation and aspiration in patients with severe stroke infused with different volumes of en .", "a randomized controlled trial was conducted on @ patients with severe stroke undergoing en therapy .", "patients were randomly assigned into two groups .", "subjects in the treatment group received en with an initial rate defined according to the total volume and the infusion rate was adjusted based on gastric residual volume ( grv ) assessed every @ hours .", "subjects of the control group received en without monitoring the grv and reached the target infusion volume within @ hours .", "the incidence of reflux and aspiration was recorded .", "the incidences of regurgitation and aspiration were significantly lower in treatment group ( @ % and @ % , respectively ) than control group ( @ % and @ % , respectively ) .", "in the treatment group , @ patient developed regurgitation while @ developed aspiration when en was @ ml .", "when en increased to @ ml , @ patients developed regurgitation and @ developed aspiration , and @ patients developed regurgitation and @ had aspiration when en was @ ml .", "there was no significant difference in the risk of reflux and aspiration when total volume of en increased from @ to @ ml .", "during en therapy for patients with stroke , using feeding pump with a continuous infusion for @ hours and adjusting infusion rate based on grv could reduce the incidence of respiratory complications ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "acute decompensated heart failure ( adhf ) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality but the relationship between lvef and outcomes is unclear .", "we explored the association between lvef and @ and @day mortality in @ adhf patients enrolled in the acute studies of nesiritide in decompensated heart failure ( ascend-hf ) trial .", "we explored the association between lvef and @ and @ day mortality in @ adhf patients enrolled in the acute studies of nesiritide in decompensated heart failure ( ascend-hf ) trial .", "lvef was analysed both as a continuous variable and according to three categories : < @ % ( lowef ) , @-@ % -lsb- intermediate ef ( intef ) -rsb- , and > @ % -lsb- preserved ejection fraction ( presef ) -rsb- .", "of the patients in the trial , @ ( @ % ) had lowef , @ ( @ % ) had intef , and @ ( @ % ) had presef .", "the unadjusted @ and @ day mortality was similar for lowef ( @ % , @ % ) , intef ( @ % , @ % ) , and presef ( @ % , @ % ) , respectively ( p > @ ) .", "after multivariable adjustment , the hazard ratio ( hr ) for @ day mortality remained similar for the lowef -lsb- hr @ , @ % confidence interval ( ci ) @-@ @ ; p = @ -rsb- and intef ( @ , @ % ci @-@ @ ; p = @ ) compared to presef patients .", "by contrast , when lvef was evaluated as a continuous measure , it exhibited a u-shaped pattern with mortality .", "after matching for age and sex , the mortality risk attributed to lvef was attenuated , as the lvef increased as a continuous variable over @ % .", "however , in patients with ef < @ % , the mortality risk continue to increase as the lvef declined .", "among patients with adhf , the unadjusted mortality rates are similar across lvef strata .", "however , after accounting for key patient variables , the mortality risk increases as ef falls below @ % .", "these data will be useful in planning future studies of adhf .", "www.clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct@ ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "two randomized intraoperative radiation therapy trials for early-stage breast cancer were recently published .", "the eliot trial used electrons ( ioert ) , and the targit-a trial update used @-kv x-rays ( iort ) .", "these studies were compared for similarities and differences .", "the results were analyzed and used to determine which patients might be suitable for single-dose treatment .", "the primary sources of data were the eliot trial and targit-a trial , as well as a comprehensive analysis of the peer-reviewed literature of accelerated partial breast irradiation ( apbi ) using @-kv x-rays or electrons .", "studies published or presented prior to march @ were analyzed for efficacy , patient restrictions , complications , and outcome .", "with a median follow-up of @ years , the @-year recurrence rates for eliot versus ebrt patients were @ and @ % , respectively , p = @ .", "a low-risk eliot group was identified with a @-year recurrence rate of @ % .", "with a median follow-up of @months , the @-year recurrence rates for the targit-a versus ebrt patients were @ and @ % , respectively , p = @ .", "with @ years of median follow-up , ioert appears to have a subset of low risk women for whom ioert is acceptable .", "with @months of median follow-up the results of iort with @-kv devices are promising , but longer follow-up data are required .", "at the current time , single-fraction ioert or iort patients should be treated under strict institutional protocols ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "advantages of using efavirenz as part of treatment for children infected with human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) include once-daily dosing , simplification of co-treatment for tuberculosis , preservation of ritonavir-boosted lopinavir for second-line treatment , and harmonization of adult and pediatric treatment regimens .", "however , there have been concerns about possible reduced viral efficacy of efavirenz in children exposed to nevirapine for prevention of mother-to-child transmission .", "to evaluate whether nevirapine-exposed children achieving initial viral suppression with ritonavir-boosted lopinavir-based therapy can transition to efavirenz-based therapy without risk of viral failure .", "randomized , open-label noninferiority trial conducted at rahima moosa mother and child hospital , johannesburg , south africa , from june @ to december @ , enrolling @ hiv-infected children exposed to nevirapine for prevention of mother-to-child transmission who were aged @ years or older and had plasma hiv rna of less than @ copies/ml during ritonavir-boosted lopinavir-based therapy ; @ were randomized and @ ( @ % ) were followed up to @ weeks after randomization .", "participants were randomly assigned to switch to efavirenz-based therapy ( n = @ ) or continue ritonavir-boosted lopinavir-based therapy ( n = @ ) .", "risk difference between groups in ( @ ) viral rebound ( ie , @ hiv rna measurement of > @ copies/ml ) and ( @ ) viral failure ( ie , confirmed hiv rna > @ copies/ml ) with a noninferiority bound of -@ .", "immunologic and clinical responses were secondary end points .", "the kaplan-meier probability of viral rebound by @ weeks was @ ( n = @ ) in the efavirenz group and @ ( n = @ ) in the ritonavir-boosted lopinavir group .", "probabilities of viral failure were @ ( n = @ ) in the efavirenz group and @ ( n = @ ) in the ritonavir-boosted lopinavir group .", "the risk difference for viral rebound was @ ( @-sided @ % ci , @ to ) and for viral failure was -@ ( @-sided @ % ci , -@ to ) .", "we rejected the null hypothesis that efavirenz is inferior to ritonavir-boosted lopinavir ( p < @ ) for both end points .", "by @ weeks , cd@ cell percentage was @ % ( @ % ci , @ % -@ % ) higher in the efavirenz group than in the ritonavir-boosted lopinavir group .", "among hiv-infected children exposed to nevirapine for prevention of mother-to-child transmission and with initial viral suppression with ritonavir-boosted lopinavir-based therapy , switching to efavirenz-based therapy compared with continuing ritonavir-boosted lopinavir-based therapy did not result in significantly higher rates of viral rebound or viral failure .", "this therapeutic approach may offer advantages in children such as these .", "clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct@ ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "white rice is the main staple for the majority in the world .", "the effects of protein , fat and vegetables on the glycaemic and insulinaemic responses to a white rice-based meal have not been reported .", "the aim of this study was to determine the effect of co-ingesting a high-protein food ( breast chicken ) , a fat ( ground nut oil ) , a leafy vegetable or all three on the glycaemic and insulinaemic responses of white rice in healthy adults .", "this was a randomized crossover trial conducted at the clinical nutrition research centre in singapore .", "twelve healthy volunteers were given five test meals ( white rice alone , white rice with chicken , white rice with oil , white rice with vegetable and white rice with chicken , oil and vegetable ) once and the reference food ( glucose solution ) three times in a random order at @-week intervals .", "capillary blood samples were then drawn serially for @ h , and glucose and insulin were analysed .", "the glycaemic response ( gr ) to white rice with chicken breast , ground nut oil and vegetable was significantly lower than to white rice alone .", "the glycaemic index ( gi ) of pure white rice was @ , whereas combined with chicken breast , ground nut oil and vegetable , it was @ .", "the addition of oil delayed the peak glucose response and reduced the iauc , resulting in a gi value of @ .", "the addition of chicken and vegetable resulted in a gi value of @ and @ , respectively .", "the insulinaemic index ( ii ) of the white rice-based meals varied between @ and @ .", "chicken breast in the meal increased the insulinaemic response and decreased the gr .", "white rice ii was lower than the glucose control , which indicated that the former was not as insulinogenic as the latter .", "white rice with vegetable had the lowest ii .", "co-ingesting chicken , oil or vegetable with white rice considerably influences its glycaemic and insulinaemic responses .", "co-ingesting white rice with all three components attenuates the gr to a greater degree than when it is eaten with any single one of them , and that this is not at the cost of an increased demand for insulin ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "few trials have compared different approaches to cardiovascular disease prevention among pacific asian ( pa ) populations .", "the cluster randomized usual care versus caduet investigation assessing long-term-risk ( crucial ) trial demonstrated that a proactive multifactorial intervention ( pmi ) approach ( based on single-pill amlodipine/atorvastatin ) resulted in a greater reduction in calculated framingham @-year coronary heart disease ( chd ) risk compared with usual care ( uc ) among hypertensive patients with additional risk factors .", "one-third of crucial patients resided in the pa region .", "the aim of this subanalysis was to compare two approaches to cardiovascular risk factor management ( pmi versus uc ) among patients residing in pa and non-pa regions .", "this subanalysis of the crucial trial compared treatment-related changes in calculated chd risk among patients residing in pa and non-pa regions .", "sensitivity analyses were conducted among men and women and those with and without diabetes .", "overall , @ patients ( @ % ) resided in the pa region and @ patients ( @ % ) resided in non-pa regions .", "the pmi approach was more effective in reducing calculated chd risk versus uc in both pa ( -@ % versus -@ % ; p < @ ) and non-pa regions ( -@ % versus -@ % ; p < @ ) ; region interaction p = @ .", "pa patients had slightly greater reductions in total cholesterol compared with non-pa patients .", "pa patients without diabetes had slightly greater reductions in chd risk compared with non-pa patients .", "treatment effects were similar in men and women and those with diabetes .", "the pmi approach was more effective in reducing calculated framingham @-year chd risk compared with uc among men and women with and without diabetes residing in the pa and non-pa region ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "evidences from cultured cells and animal models of ischemia suggest that lithium has neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects and may play a desirable role in reducing infarct volume and even improving the brain insults from stroke .", "the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of lithium in early motor recovery of patients after ischemic stroke .", "eighty patients with first ever stroke , allocated randomly in lithium , @ mg twice daily , or placebo .", "treatment was initiated @ hours after stroke and continued for @ days .", "modified national institute of health stroke scale ( mnihss ) and hand subsection of fugl-meyer assessment ( hfma ) were used to evaluate impairment on the fifth and @th day of treatment .", "sixty-six subjects ( @ subjects in the lithium group and @ subjects in the placebo group ) completed the study .", "there were no significant differences in the improvement in mnihss ( p = @ ) and hfma ( p = @ ) after @ days .", "however , a subgroup analysis showed that patients with cortical strokes in the lithium group had significantly better improvement in both mnihss and hfma in comparison to the placebo group ( p = @ ) .", "approximately @ % ( n = @ ) of patients in the lithium group , mainly from the cortical stroke subgroup , regained more than @ % of full function based on hfma , whereas this rate in the placebo group was @ % ( n = @ ; p = @ ) .", "the observed discrete difference between the lithium group and the placebo group in the cortical stroke subgroup may suggest an enhanced motor recovery after stroke by using an early treatment with a low dose of lithium carbonate .", "however , a larger trial with more patients with cortical stroke is needed to investigate this effect better ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "fitzpatrick 's classification is the most common way of assessing skin uv sensitivity .", "the study aim was to investigate how self-estimated and actual uv sensitivity , as measured by phototest , are associated with attitudes towards sunbathing and the propensity to increase sun protection , as well as the correlation between self-estimated and actual uv sensitivity .", "a total of @ primary healthcare patients filled-out a questionnaire investigating attitudes towards sunbathing and the propensity to increase sun protection .", "they reported their skin type according to fitzpatrick , and a uv sensitivity phototest was performed .", "self-rated low uv sensitivity ( skin type iii-vi ) was associated with a more positive attitude towards sunbathing and a lower propensity to increase sun protection , compared to high uv sensitivity .", "the correlation between the two methods was weak .", "the findings might indicate that individuals with a perceived low but in reality high uv sensitivity do not seek adequate sun protection with regard to skin cancer risk .", "furthermore , the poor correlation between self-reported and actual uv sensitivity , measured by phototest , makes the clinical use of fitzpatrick 's classification questionable ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "intracerebral hemorrhage causes @ % of strokes annually in the united states , and there is currently no effective therapy .", "this is a clinical trial designed to study the safety , feasibility , and efficacy of a protocol of targeted temperature management to moderate hypothermia in intracerebral hemorrhage patients .", "the targeted temperature management after intracerebral hemorrhage trial is a prospective , single-center , interventional , randomized , parallel , two-arm ( @:@ ) phase-ii clinical trial with blinded end-point ascertainment .", "intracerebral hemorrhage patients will be randomized within @h of symptom onset to either @h of targeted temperature management to moderate hypothermia ( @-@c ) followed by a controlled rewarming at of @-@c per hour or @h of targeted temperature management to normothermia ( @-@c ) using endovascular or surface cooling .", "the primary outcome is the development of serious adverse events possibly and probably related to treatment .", "secondary outcomes include in-hospital neurological deterioration between day @-@ , in-hospital mortality , functional outcome measured by the modified rankin scale at discharge and @ days , and effect of treatment allocation on cerebral edema and hematoma volume .", "intracerebral hemorrhage remains the most severe form of stroke with limited options to improve survival .", "as the early resuscitation phase in the intensive care unit represents the greatest opportunity for impact on clinical outcome , it also appears to be the most promising window of opportunity to demonstrate a benefit when investigating aggressive treatments .", "more research of novel therapies to improve outcomes after intracerebral hemorrhage is desperately needed .", "the results of the targeted temperature management after intracerebral hemorrhage clinical trial may provide additional information on the applicability of targeted temperature management after intracerebral hemorrhage ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the debate about whether energy consumed in liquid form is more obesogenic than energy consumed in solid form remains equivocal .", "we aimed to evaluate the effects of liquid versus solid energy intake and different beverage types on changes in childhood adiposity .", "our analyses included @-year-old australian children ( n = @ ) participating in the childhood asthma prevention study .", "dietary information was collected using three @-h recalls at age @ years .", "multivariate linear regression was used to evaluate the effects of liquid versus solid energy intake and different beverage types on changes in body mass index ( bmi ) z-score from ages @ to @ years ( bmiz ( @-@ @ y ) ) and percentage body fat ( % bf ) at age @ years ( % bf ( @ y ) ) .", "substitution models were used to evaluate the effects of substituting other beverage types for sugar-sweetened beverages ( ssb ) .", "liquid energy intake ( @ mj day ( -@ ) ) was more closely associated with both bmiz ( @-@ @ y ) ( = @ , p = @ ) and % bf ( @ y ) ( = @ % , p = @ ) than solid energy intake ( bmiz ( @-@ @ y ) : = @ , p = @ and % bf ( @ y ) : = @ % , p = @ ) .", "ssb consumption ( @ g day ( -@ ) ) was directly associated with bmiz ( @-@ @ y ) ( = @ , p = @ ) and % bf ( @ y ) ( = @ % , p = @ ) , whereas diet drinks ( @ g day ( -@ ) ) were inversely associated with bmiz ( @-@ @ y ) ( = @ , p = @ ) .", "substitution of @ g of ssb by @ g of water or diet drink , but not other beverages , was inversely associated with both bmiz ( @-@ @ y ) and % bf ( @ y ) ( p < @ ) .", "our findings indicate that liquid energy is more obesogenic than solid energy .", "in particular , ssb , but not other beverage types , are a significant predictor of childhood adiposity and replacing ssb with water can have long-term beneficial effects on childhood adiposity ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "- blockers are the standard treatment for myocardial infarction ( mi ) based on evidence from the pre-thrombolytic era .", "the aim of this study was to examine the effect of - blocker treatment in patients with acute mi and preserved systolic function in the era of percutaneous coronary intervention ( pci ) .", "we analysed a multicentre registry and identified @ patients who presented with acute mi between @ and @ .", "patients were treated with pci , had left ventricular efs @ % according to echocardiograms that were performed during the index pci , and were alive at the time of discharge .", "the association between - blocker use after discharge and mortality ( all-cause death and cardiac death ) within @ years was examined .", "patients who were not treated with - blockers ( n = @ ) showed higher rates of all-cause death and cardiac death compared to patients treated with - blockers ( @ % vs @ % , p < @ , @ % vs @ % , p < @ ) .", "the multivariate cox proportional hazards model showed that - blocker treatment was associated with a significant reduction in all-cause death ( adjusted hr @ , @ % ci @ to @ ; p = @ ) and cardiac death ( adjusted hr @ , @ % ci @ to @ ; p < @ ) .", "comparable results were obtained after propensity score matching .", "- blocker treatment was associated with reduced long term mortality in patients with acute mi and preserved systolic function who received pci ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "we have found that hydrogen ( dihydrogen -lsb- h@ -rsb- ) decreases plasma low-density lipoprotein ( ldl ) cholesterol levels and improves high-density lipoprotein ( hdl ) function in patients with potential metabolic syndrome in a before-after self-controlled study .", "the purpose of this study was to further characterize the effects of h@-rich water ( @ l/day ) on the content , composition , and biological activities of plasma lipoproteins on patients with hypercholesterolemia and their underlying mechanisms in a double-blinded , randomized , and placebo-controlled trial .", "this was a case-control study .", "the setting was the zhoudian community , tai'an , china .", "a total of @ patients with untreated isolated hypercholesterolemia were randomly allocated to either drinking h@-rich water ( n = @ ) or placebo water ( n = @ ) for @ weeks .", "hdl isolated from the h@ group showed an increased ability to promote the atp-binding cassette transporter a@-mediated cholesterol efflux ex vivo .", "plasma pre -- hdl levels were up-regulated although there were no changes in plasma hdl-cholesterol levels .", "moreover , other hdl functions , assessed in protection against ldl oxidation , inhibition of oxidized-ldl-induced inflammation , and protection of endothelial cells from oxidized-ldl-induced apoptosis , were all significantly improved by h@ treatment .", "in addition , h@ treatment increased the effective rate in down-regulating plasma levels of total cholesterol ( @ % vs @ % ) and ldl cholesterol ( @ % vs @ % ) .", "western blot analysis revealed a marked decrease in apolipoprotein b@ and an increase in apolipoprotein m in plasma of the h@ group .", "finally h@ treatment resulted in a significant reduction in the levels of several inflammatory and oxidative stress indicators in whole plasma and hdl particles .", "h@ activates atp-binding cassette transporter a@-dependent efflux , enhances hdl antiatherosclerotic functions , and has beneficial lipid-lowering effects .", "the present findings highlight the potential role of h@ in the regression of hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "persistent muscle weakness after anterior cruciate ligament ( acl ) reconstruction may be due to underlying activation failure and arthrogenic muscle inhibition ( ami ) .", "knee-joint cryotherapy has been shown to improve quadriceps function transiently in those with ami , thereby providing an opportunity to improve quadriceps muscle activation and strength in patients with a reconstructed acl .", "to compare quadriceps muscle function in patients with a reconstructed acl who completed a @-week intervention including daily cryotherapy ( ice bag ) , daily exercises , or both .", "cross-sectional study .", "laboratory .", "a total of @ patients with reconstructed acls who were at least @ months post-index surgery and had measurable quadriceps ami .", "the patients attended @ supervised visits over a @-week period .", "they were randomly assigned to receive @ minutes of knee-joint cryotherapy , @ hour of therapeutic rehabilitation exercises , or cryotherapy followed by exercises .", "we measured quadriceps hoffmann reflex , normalized maximal voluntary isometric contraction torque , central activation ratio using the superimposed-burst technique , and patient-reported outcomes before and after the intervention period .", "after the @-week intervention period , patients who performed rehabilitation exercises immediately after cryotherapy had higher normalized maximal voluntary isometric contraction torques ( p = @ , cohen d effect size = @ ) compared with those who received cryotherapy alone ( p = @ , d = @ ) or performed exercise alone ( p = @ , d = @ ) .", "after acl reconstruction , patients with ami who performed rehabilitation exercises immediately after cryotherapy experienced greater strength gains than those who performed cryotherapy or exercises alone ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "organ dysfunction consequent to infection ( ` severe sepsis ' ) is the leading cause of admission to an intensive care unit ( icu ) .", "in both animal models and early clinical studies the calcium channel sensitizer levosimendan has been demonstrated to have potentially beneficial effects on organ function .", "the aims of the levosimendan for the prevention of acute organ dysfunction in sepsis ( leopards ) trial are to identify whether a @-hour infusion of levosimendan will improve organ dysfunction in adults who have septic shock and to establish the safety profile of levosimendan in this group of patients .", "this is a multicenter , randomized , double-blind , parallel group , placebo-controlled trial .", "adults fulfilling the criteria for systemic inflammatory response syndrome due to infection , and requiring vasopressor therapy , will be eligible for inclusion in the trial .", "within @ hours of meeting these inclusion criteria , patients will be randomized in a @:@ ratio stratified by the icu to receive either levosimendan ( @ to @ g.kg.min or placebo for @ hours in addition to standard care .", "the primary outcome measure is the mean sequential organ failure assessment ( sofa ) score while in the icu .", "secondary outcomes include : central venous oxygen saturations and cardiac output ; incidence and severity of renal failure using the acute kidney injury network criteria ; duration of renal replacement therapy ; serum bilirubin ; time to liberation from mechanical ventilation ; @-day , hospital , @ and @ month survival ; icu and hospital length-of-stay ; and days free from catecholamine therapy .", "blood and urine samples will be collected on the day of inclusion , at @ hours , and on days @ and @ post-inclusion for investigation of the mechanisms by which levosimendan might improve organ function .", "eighty patients will have additional blood samples taken to measure levels of levosimendan and its active metabolites or-@ and or-@ .", "a total of @ patients will be recruited from approximately @ icus in the united kingdom .", "this trial will test the efficacy of levosimendan to reduce acute organ dysfunction in adult patients who have septic shock and evaluate its biological mechanisms of action .", "current controlled trials isrctn@ ( @ september @ ) ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "to assess the efficacy and safety of wuji powder ( wp ) and a small dose aripiprazole in treatment of antipsychotic drug-induced phlegm dampness type amenorrhea .", "seventy female schizophrenic patients with antipsychotic drug-induced galactorrhea-amenorrhea syndrome ( gas ) were recruited and randomly assigned to the treatment group and the control group , @ in each group .", "all patients received antipsychotic drug therapy .", "patients in the treatment group additionally took wp , while those in the control group took aripiprazole ( at the daily dose of @ mg , once daily ) .", "the therapeutic course for all was @ weeks .", "prolactin levels and obesity indices -lsb- body weight , waist aircumstance , body mass index ( bmi ) and waist-hit ratio ( whr ) -rsb- were determined before and after treatment .", "the efficacy was evaluated .", "the treatment course was completed in @ % of patients .", "the total effective rate of the @ patients of the treatment group was @ % ( @/@ ) , while it was @ % ( @/@ ) in the @ patients of the control group .", "there was no difference in the total effective rate between the two groups ( p > @ ) .", "prolactin levels in both group after treatment were significantly lower than those of the baseline ( p < @ ) .", "there was no significant difference in prolactin levels between the two groups after treatment ( p > @ ) .", "compared with before treatment , body weight , bmi , waist circumstance , and waist-hip ratio obviously decreased after treatment , showing significant difference when compared with the control group ( p < @ ) .", "there was no significant difference in body weight , bmi , waist circumstance , and waist-hip ratio in the control group between before and after treatment ( p > @ ) .", "both wp and aripiprazole could lower high prolactin levels of schizophrenics with phlegm dampness type amenorrhea .", "they showed equivalent efficacy .", "but wp showed more obvious effect in reducing obesity indices ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the long-term efficacy and safety of canagliflozin , a sodium glucose co-transporter @ inhibitor , was evaluated over @weeks in patients aged @-@years with type @ diabetes mellitus ( t@dm ) inadequately controlled on a stable antihyperglycaemic agent regimen .", "in this randomized , double-blind , phase iii study , patients received canagliflozin @ or @mg or placebo once daily during a @-week core period ( n = @ ) and a @-week extension period ( n = @ ) .", "efficacy endpoints at week @ included change from baseline in glycated haemoglobin ( hba@c ) , fasting plasma glucose ( fpg ) and systolic blood pressure , and percent change from baseline in body weight and fasting plasma lipids .", "safety was assessed by adverse event ( ae ) reports .", "at week @ , canagliflozin @ and @mg were associated with reductions in hba@c versus placebo ( -@ and -@ % vs @ % , respectively ; overall mean baseline , @ % ) and more patients achieved hba@c < @ % with canagliflozin @ and @mg than with placebo ( @ and @ % vs @ % , respectively ) .", "reductions in fpg , body weight and systolic blood pressure , and increases in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( hdl-c ) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( ldl-c ) were seen with canagliflozin compared with placebo .", "the overall incidence rates of aes over @weeks were @ , @ and @ % with canagliflozin @ and @mg and placebo , respectively ; serious ae rates were low across treatment groups .", "the incidence rates of urinary tract infections , genital mycotic infections and osmotic diuresis - and volume depletion-related aes were higher with canagliflozin than with placebo .", "canagliflozin improved glycaemic control , reduced body weight and systolic blood pressure , and was generally well tolerated in patients aged @-@years with t@dm over @weeks ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "thalidomide use in cutaneous sarcoidosis is based on data from small case series or case reports .", "the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of thalidomide in severe cutaneous sarcoidosis .", "this study consisted of a randomized , double-bind , parallel , placebo-controlled , investigator-masked , multicenter trial lasting @ months and an open-label study from month @ to month @ .", "adults with a clinical and histologic diagnosis of cutaneous sarcoidosis were included in nine hospital centers in france .", "patients were randomized @:@ to oral thalidomide ( @ mg once daily ) or to a matching oral placebo for @ months .", "in the course of an open-label follow-up from month @ to month @ , all patients received thalidomide , @ mg to @ mg daily .", "the proportions of patients with a partial or complete cutaneous response at month @ , based on at least a @ % improvement in three target lesions scored for area and infiltration , were compared across randomization groups .", "the intent-to-treat population included @ patients .", "none of them had a complete cutaneous response .", "four out of @ patients in the thalidomide group ( @ % ) vs four out of @ patients in the placebo group ( @ % ) had a partial cutaneous response at month @ ( difference in proportion of -@ % -lsb- @ % ci , -@ % to +@ % -rsb- for thalidomide vs placebo , p = @ ) .", "eight patients with side effects were recorded in the thalidomide group vs three in the placebo group .", "we observed a large number of adverse event-related discontinuations in patients taking thalidomide in the first @ months ( four patients with thalidomide , zero with placebo ) and in the @ following months ( five patients ) .", "at a dose of @ mg daily for @ months , our results do not encourage thalidomide use in cutaneous sarcoidosis .", "clinicaltrials.gov ; no. : nct@ ; url : www.clinicaltrials.gov ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "to assess whether medical record documentation reflects actual home practices regarding the administration of preventive medications to urban children with persistent asthma .", "baseline data from a prompting asthma intervention were used for this cross-sectional analysis .", "as part of the larger study , we enrolled children ( @-@ years ) with persistent asthma in the waiting room at @ primary care offices ( @-@ ) .", "prior to their visit with a healthcare provider , caregivers reported information regarding their child 's asthma symptom severity and current preventive medications ( i.e. name and frequency of use ) .", "we compared caregiver-reported medication information with medical record data to determine the rate of complete concordance , defined as total consistency between the prescribed medication data documented in the medical record and parent report describing how the child is actually using the medication at home .", "according to @ completed medical record reviews , @ ( @ % ) children had a current prescription for a daily preventive asthma medication .", "of these children , @ ( @ % ) had caregivers who reported complete concordance .", "those reporting complete concordance were more likely to have children with greater symptom severity , including fewer symptom-free days in the prior two weeks ( @ vs. @ , p = @ ) , and @ asthma-related hospitalization in the prior year ( @ % vs. @ % , p = @ ) .", "medical records may poorly reflect actual home practices and providers should specifically inquire about medication use and barriers to adherence at the time of an office visit to promote guideline-based , consistent treatment for children with persistent asthma ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to determine the pathological mechanism and prevent heart-renal syndrome after heart valve replacement surgery .", "a total of @ patients were admitted for selective valve replacement , and divide into @ groups randomly : a control group ( con , n = @ ) , a remote ischemic perconditioning ( riperc ) group ( n = @ ) and a remote ischemic postconditioning ( ripostc ) group ( n = @ ) .", "the serum creatinine ( scr ) , blood urea nitrogen ( bun ) , serum heme oxygennase-@ ( ho-@ ) , serum iron and urinary neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin ( ngal ) level in the @ groups were compared preoperatively and @ , @ , @ , @ h after aortic cross-release .", "compared with the preoperative level , the scr , bun , urinary ngal , serum iron ( @ and @ h ) and serum ho-@ values were significantly increased after the heart valve replacement surgery in the control patients , riprec and ripostc groups ( p < @ ) .", "compared with the control group , the serum ho-@ was significantly increased at @ , @ , @ , @ h after the heart valve replacement surgery in both the riperc and ripostc groups ( p < @ ) ; the scr , bun , urinary ngal and serum iron values were decreased at @ , @ , @ , @ h after the heart valve replacement surgery in both the riperc and ripostc groups ( p > @ ) .", "abnormal change in urinary ngal , serum iron and ho-@ can be used as early warning indicators of acute kidney injury when cardio-renal syndrome occurrs among patients under heart valve replacement surgery .", "remote ischemic conditioning plays a preventive role in the occurrence of cardio-renal syndrome and renal protection ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the autobiographical implicit association test ( aiat ) is a variant of the implicit association test reportedly capable of detecting an individual 's concealed autobiographical event with very high accuracy .", "a previous attempt to utilize this measurement technique for the identification of cocaine users rendered an alarming rate of false positives .", "in this study , we aimed to explore the potential reasons behind the measurement 's inaccuracy .", "two versions of the cocaine aiat were devised with different category labels ( descriptive ` guilty/innocent ' and self-referenced ` as if you were/were not ' ) .", "forty-one cocaine abstinent participants ( @ % male ; mean age = @ @ ) were randomly assigned to one of the two conditions .", "self-declared cocaine abstinence was confirmed for the @-month period preceding data collection through hair analysis .", "participants were also administered bespoke implicit and explicit cocaine user attitude measures , the self-esteem iat and the rosenberg self-esteem scale .", "the category labels which elicited self-referenced knowledge showed low accuracy ( @ % ) compared to the @ % of the ` guilty/innocent ' labels proposed by original authors .", "the self-referenced aiat version significantly correlated with the self-concept measures .", "the aiat outcomes were independent from attitudes toward cocaine users .", "category labels play an influential role in determining the test 's accuracy , demonstrating that participants ' propositional knowledge and self-concept are involved during test performance .", "the aiat does not appear to tap directly into an individual 's implicit memory when relevant memory is not available .", "although the test can not be recommended for detecting drug use , further research should investigate underlying mechanisms and other potentials of the technique ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to prospectively compare the achieved thickness and consistency of lasik flaps created with a @ - and @-khz femtosecond laser .", "one hundred twenty eyes of @ patients with myopia were treated with lasik .", "one eye had flap created by the intralase fs @-khz femtosecond laser ( abbott medical optics , abbott park , il ) and the fellow eye was treated with the intralase ifs @-khz femtosecond laser ( abbott medical optics ) .", "eyes were randomized according to ocular dominance .", "flap morphology and measurements were taken with anterior segment optical coherence tomography ( as-oct ) at the @-month postoperative visit .", "as-oct showed similar regular planar morphologies in both groups .", "the mean thickness of the flaps in the fs @ group was significantly higher than that of the ifs @ group ( @ @ m vs @ @ m , p = @ ) .", "the mean deviation from targeted flap thickness was not significantly different between the two groups .", "the intralase ifs @-khz femtosecond laser creates flaps of similar thickness and uniformity to the intralase fs @-khz femtosecond laser ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "periprosthetic bone cysts are a known finding after total ankle replacement ( tar ) .", "the significance of cysts is uncertain , but they may threaten the long-term survival of the implant .", "the aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of weight-bearing digital radiography compared with @d weight-bearing multiplanar reconstructed ( mpr ) fluoroscopic imaging when diagnosing periprosthetic bone cysts in patients who have undergone tar .", "forty-two consecutive patients with a scandinavian total ankle replacement ( star ) were consecutively enrolled and underwent digital radiography and @d mpr imaging in the same session .", "all @d mpr images were interpreted in a blinded fashion , specifically with regard to the presence and extent of periprosthetic bone cysts .", "cysts were measured in three planes whenever possible .", "interrater and intrarater reliability was assessed by using cohen kappa test , and comparisons between the two modalities were performed with the wilcoxon signed-rank and mcnemar tests .", "significantly more cysts were detected on @d mpr ( @ vs @ ) ( p = @ ) , with the mean size of cysts detected by @d mpr significantly larger than that of cysts diagnosed on digital radiography ( @ mm ( @ ) vs @ mm ( @ ) ) ( p < @ ) .", "statistical analysis based on the presence or absence of cysts in individual patients did not show a significant difference between @d mpr and digital radiography ( p = @ ) .", "the data imply that cysts are better detected and more accurately measured with @d fluoroscopic mpr imaging compared with digital radiography , which underestimates not only the presence but also the extent of periprosthetic cysts ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "oxidative stress and systemic inflammation are highly prevalent in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis ( mhd ) and are linked to excess cardiovascular risk .", "this study examined whether short-term supplementation with pomegranate juice and extract is safe and well tolerated by mhd patients .", "the secondary aim was to assess the effect of pomegranate supplementation on oxidative stress , systemic inflammation , monocyte function , and blood pressure .", "prospective , randomized , crossover , pilot clinical trial ( nct@ ) .", "the study was conducted from march to october @ in outpatient dialysis facilities in the seattle metropolitan area .", "twenty-four patients undergoing mhd ( men , @ % ; mean age , @years ) were randomly assigned to receive pomegranate juice or extract during a @-week intervention period .", "after a washout period , all patients received the alternative treatment during a second @-week intervention period .", "patients assigned to receive pomegranate juice received @ml of juice before each dialysis session .", "patients assigned to receive pomegranate extract were given @,@ mg of extract daily .", "the main outcome measures were safety and tolerability of pomegranate juice and extract .", "additional secondary outcomes assessed included serum lipids , laboratory biomarkers of inflammation ( c-reactive protein and interleukin @ ) and oxidative stress ( plasma f@ isoprostanes and isofurans ) , monocyte cytokine production , and predialysis blood pressure .", "both pomegranate juice and extract were safe and well tolerated by study participants .", "over the study period , neither treatment had a significant effect on lipid profiles , plasma c-reactive protein , interleukin @ , f@-isoprostane or isofuran concentrations , predialysis systolic or diastolic blood pressure nor changed the levels of monocyte cytokine production .", "both pomegranate juice and extract are safe and well tolerated by patients undergoing mhd but do not influence markers of inflammation or oxidative stress nor affect predialysis blood pressure ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "lipid-based nutrient supplements ( lnss ) offer a vehicle to improve children 's diets in low-income countries where complementary foods are typically deficient in essential nutrients .", "sustained acceptability by the intended users is essential for achieving growth-promoting effects .", "we aimed to determine the sustained acceptability of lnss among @ - to @-mo-old children in malawi .", "in the context of a trial testing the growth-promoting effect of different formulations and doses of lnss , we delivered lnss to the homes of the children biweekly according to the randomization protocol .", "we defined acceptability to include adherence to feeding recommendations and mothers ' experiences of feeding lnss to their child .", "we conducted brief interviews each week with the mothers .", "at @ time points we conducted knowledge , attitudes , and practices ( kap ) interviews .", "in addition , we conducted repeated in-depth interviews with a subset of mothers .", "of the @ children who received the lns intervention , we analyzed adherence data from @ ( @ % ) children and kap data at @ time points ( child 's age of @ and @ mo ) from @ ( @ % ) of the children .", "the mean sd overall adherence ( proportion of days when the study child reportedly consumed lnss considering only those weeks when the supplement had been successfully delivered to the home ) was @ @ % , and there was no difference between children receiving milk-containing or milk-free lnss .", "there was also no increasing or decreasing trend over time in any of the groups .", "sharing and deviation from other feeding recommendations were common .", "maternal experiences were mostly very positive .", "the acceptability of lns products was good and was sustained for @ mo in this rural malawian population .", "however , sharing of the products with family members and deviation from other feeding recommendations were frequent , which means that individually targeted children were likely to receive less than the intended dose of the lns .", "this trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as nct@ ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to compare the patients ' compliance with and the efficacy of existing treatments for helicobacter pylori eradication , including moxifloxacin-based triple therapy , sequential treatment and the standard treatment .", "patients with h.pylori infection were randomly assigned to three therapy groups .", "the triple therapy ( mml ) group was given moxifloxacin @mg/day , metronidazole @mg b.i.d. and lansoprazole @mg b.i.d. for @ days .", "the sequential treatment ( al-cml ) group was administrated amoxicillin @g b.i.d. and lansoprazole @mg b.i.d. for the first @ days , followed by clarithromycin @mg b.i.d. , metronidazole @mg b.i.d. and lansoprazole @mg b.i.d. for the second @ days .", "the standard treatment ( cal ) group received amoxicillin @g b.i.d. , clarithromycin @mg b.i.d. and lansoprazole @mg b.i.d. for @ days .", "the eradication rates were evaluated by per-protocol ( pp ) analysis and intention-to-treat ( itt ) analysis .", "the eradication rates were @ , @ and @ % by pp analysis and @ , @ and @ % by itt analysis in the mml , al-cml and cal group , respectively , and patients ' compliance rates were @ , @ and @ % , respectively .", "there were no significant differences in treatment efficacy and compliance rates in the mml , al-cml and cal groups ( p > @ ) .", "the present study revealed that standard triple therapy , sequential therapy and moxifloxacin-based triple therapy are all effective treatment regimens in terms of h.pylori eradication rates and compliance with therapy in turkey ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "treatment of patients with drug-eluting stent ( des ) in-stent restenosis ( isr ) remains a major challenge .", "this study evaluated the comparative efficacy of drug-eluting balloons ( deb ) and everolimus-eluting stents ( ees ) in patients presenting with des-isr .", "the study design of this multicenter randomized clinical trial assumed superiority of ees for the primary endpoint , in-segment minimal lumen diameter at the @ - to @-month angiographic follow-up .", "a total of @ patients with des-isr from @ spanish university hospitals were randomly allocated to deb ( n = @ ) or ees ( n = @ ) .", "at late angiography ( median @ days ; @ % of eligible patients ) , patients in the ees arm had a significantly larger minimal lumen diameter ( @ @ mm vs. @ @ mm ; p < @ ) ( absolute mean difference : @ mm ; @ % ci : @ to @ ) , net lumen gain ( @ @ mm vs. @ @ mm ; p < @ ) , and lower percent diameter stenosis ( @ @ % vs. @ @ % ; p < @ ) and binary restenosis rate ( @ % vs. @ % ; p = @ ) , compared with patients in the deb arm .", "consistent results were observed in the in-lesion analysis .", "at the @-year clinical follow-up ( @ % of patients ) , the main clinical outcome measure ( composite of cardiac death , myocardial infarction , and target vessel revascularization ) was significantly reduced in the ees arm ( @ % vs. @ % ; p = @ ; hazard ratio : @ ; @ % ci : @ to @ ) , mainly driven by a lower need for target vessel revascularization ( @ % vs. @ % ; p = @ ) .", "in patients with des-isr , ees provided superior long-term clinical and angiographic results compared with deb .", "( restenosis intra-stent of drug-eluting stents : drug-eluting balloon vs everolimus-eluting stent -lsb- ribs iv -rsb- ; nct@ ) ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the order of complementary feeding in relation to breast-feeding affects breast milk , semisolid , or total energy intake in infants .", "the present study was designed as a randomized crossover trial .", "the study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital .", "the study participants were @ healthy infants between the ages of @ and @ months who were exclusively breast-fed for at least @ months and were now receiving complementary foods for at least @ month in addition to breast-feeding .", "infants were randomized to follow a sequence of either complementary feeding before breast-feeding ( sequence a ) or complementary feeding after breast-feeding ( sequence b ) for the first day ( @ hours ) of the study period using simple randomization .", "for the next day , the sequence was reversed for each child .", "all babies received @ actively fed complementary food meals per day ( morning , afternoon , and evening ) .", "a semisolid study diet was prepared in the hospital by cooking rice and pulse with oil using a standard method , ensuring the energy density of at least @ kcal/g .", "the infants were allowed ad libitum breast-feeding during the observation period .", "semisolid intake was directly measured and breast milk intake was quantified by test weighing method .", "energy intake from complementary foods was calculated from the product of energy density of the diet served on that day and the total amount consumed .", "the total energy intake and energy intake from breast milk and complementary foods between the @ sequences were compared .", "the mean ( standard deviation ) energy intake from breast milk during @ hours of daytime by following sequence a ( complementary feeding before breast-feeding ) was @ ( @ ) kcal in comparison with @ ( @ ) kcal in sequence b , which was not statistically different ( p = @ ) .", "the mean ( standard deviation ) energy consumed from semisolids in sequences a and b was also comparable ( @ -lsb- @ -rsb- kcal vs. @ -lsb- @ -rsb- kcal ; p = @ ) .", "the total energy intake during daytime in sequence a was @ ( @ ) kcal in comparison with @ ( @ ) kcal in sequence b , which was also comparable ( p = @ ) .", "the results related to energy intake through breast milk and total energy intake were not different when insensible losses during feeding were adjusted in both groups .", "altering the sequence of complementary feeding in relation to breast-feeding does not affect total energy intake ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "our objective was to determine the interrelationships of interleukin ( il ) -@ receptor inhibition with haemoglobin , acute-phase reactants and iron metabolism markers ( including hepcidin ) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis ( ra ) .", "data of patients receiving tocilizumab or placebo in the measure study were analysed .", "we investigated associations at baseline and during tocilizumab treatment among haemoglobin , parameters of haemoglobin and iron homeostasis -lsb- ferritin , total iron-binding capacity ( tibc ) , hepcidin , haptoglobin -rsb- , il-@ and acute-phase reactants -lsb- c-reactive protein ( crp ) , erythrocyte sedimentation rate ( esr ) -rsb- to identify statistical correlates of rise in haemoglobin level .", "at baseline , crp and haptoglobin were inversely correlated ( modestly ) with haemoglobin levels .", "after treatment with tocilizumab , crp , hepcidin , ferritin and haptoglobin levels fell alongside increases in tibc and haemoglobin .", "the falls in crp , hepcidin and haptoglobin levels in the first @ weeks correlated with a week @ rise in tibc and haemoglobin .", "inflammatory anaemia improves in patients with ra treated with tocilizumab .", "this improvement correlates with the degree of suppression of systemic inflammation , reduction in hepcidin and haptoglobin and increase in iron-binding capacity .", "these clinical data provide evidence of a role for il-@ signalling in the inflammatory anaemia of ra ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "in randomized clinical studies , over @,@ children , @ months to @ years of age , were administered proquad ( ) , a combination measles , mumps , rubella , and varicella vaccine ( mmrv ) .", "this paper describes the safety following a @-dose regimen of mmrv administered to children in the second year of life .", "safety data from five clinical studies were combined for all children who were scheduled to receive two doses of mmrv @-@ months apart .", "all vaccinated children were followed for safety following each dose of mmrv .", "of @ children who received a first dose of mmrv , @ ( @ % ) received a second dose of mmrv .", "overall , @ % and @ % of children reported @ adverse experiences following first and second doses of mmrv , respectively .", "injection-site redness was statistically significantly higher postdose @ than postdose @ , while injection-site pain/tenderness was statistically significantly higher postdose @ compared to postdose @ .", "rashes were statistically significantly lower postdose @ compared to postdose @ .", "ten febrile seizures ( @ postdose @ , @ postdose @ ) were reported following mmrv vaccination .", "the incidence of febrile seizures postdose @ of mmrv was @ % ( @/@ ) compared to @ % ( @/@ ) postdose @ of mmrv .", "administration of two doses of mmrv has an acceptable safety profile in children @ to @ months of age .", "there is a small increase in the risk of febrile seizures following the first dose of mmrv as compared to the component vaccines , but the risk for any individual child is relatively low ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of treating patients with acute coronary syndromes ( acs ) for @ months with ticagrelor compared with generic clopidogrel in sweden and denmark .", "decision-analytic model to estimate lifetime costs , life-expectancy , and quality-adjusted life years ( qalys ) with ticagrelor and clopidogrel .", "event rates , healthcare resource use , and health-related quality of life during @ months of therapy were estimated from the platelet inhibition and patient outcomes ( plato ) trial .", "beyond @ months , quality-adjusted survival and costs were estimated conditional on events occurring during the @ months of therapy .", "when available , country-specific data were employed in the analysis .", "incremental cost-effectiveness ratios are presented from a healthcare perspective and a broader societal perspective including costs falling outside the healthcare sector in @ local currency .", "the cost per qaly with ticagrelor compared with generic clopidogrel was sek @ @ and dkk @ @ for sweden and denmark , respectively , from a healthcare perspective .", "the cost per qaly from a broader societal perspective was sek @ @ and dkk @ @ for sweden and denmark , respectively .", "the cost per qaly of treating acs-patients with ticagrelor compared with generic clopidogrel is below the conventional thresholds of cost-effectiveness in sweden and denmark ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]