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[ "Sky_UK", "Skymind", "Sky_-LRB-skyscraper-RRB-", "Erin_Energy_Corporation", "Skyshield" ]

[ "Sky UK Limited -LRB- formerly British Sky Broadcasting and BSkyB -RRB- is a telecommunications company which serves the United Kingdom . Sky provides television and broadband internet services , fixed line and mobile telephone services to consumers and businesses in the United Kingdom . It is the UK 's largest pay-TV broadcaster with 11 million customers as of 2015 . It was the UK 's most popular digital TV service until it was overtaken by Freeview in April 2007 . Its corporate headquarters are in Isleworth . Formed in November 1990 by the equal merger of Sky Television and British Satellite Broadcasting , Sky became the UK 's largest digital subscription television company . Following Sky 's 2014 acquisition of Sky Italia and a majority 90.04 % interest in Sky Deutschland in November 2014 , its holding company British Sky Broadcasting Group plc changed its name to Sky plc. . The UK subsidiary 's name was changed from British Sky Broadcasting Limited to Sky UK Limited , and continues to trade as Sky . Sky UK Limited is a wholly owned subsidiary of Sky plc , with its current company directors being Andrew Griffith and Christopher Taylor . Griffith acts as the Chief Financial Officer -LRB- CFO -RRB- and the Managing Director for the commercial businesses division . ", "Skymind is an artificial intelligence company supporting the open source deep learning framework Deeplearning4j and the JVM-based scientific computing library ND4J . The company was founded in 2014 by Adam Gibson and Chris Nicholson , and is headquartered in San Francisco , California . It is privately funded , and raised $ 3 million in seed financing in 2016 . ", "Sky , also known as 605 West 42nd Street , is a mixed-use building in Midtown Manhattan developed by the Moinian Group . The 61-story -LRB- marketed as 71 -RRB- tower contains luxury rental residences designed by the Rockwell Group , ranging from studios to two bedrooms and includes the Vue Penthouse Collection . Sky features over 70,000 square feet of amenity space , mostly operated by Life Time Fitness , which includes a multi-level gym , water club and LifeSpa , lap pool , professional size basketball court -LRB- designed by Carmelo Anthony -RRB- , two outdoor zero edge pools , and an outdoor park . The building also contains retail space . The building 's architect was Goldstein , Hill & West Architects . ", "Erin Energy Corporation is a United States based company involved in exploration , development and production of oil and gas . It was formerly known as CAMAC Energy . Its principal assets are in Africa comprising nine licenses across 4 countries , with current production and exploratory projects offshore of Nigeria , as well as exploration licenses offshore of Ghana , Kenya , and Gambia , and onshore in Kenya . in addition , through its Pacific Asia Petroleum subsidiaries , it has operations in China . ", "Skyshield is a short range air defence system developed by the Swiss corporation Oerlikon Contraves . __ NOTOC __ " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 0, 0 ]

[ "Inside_Llewyn_Davis", "2013_Cannes_Film_Festival", "Precious_-LRB-film-RRB-", "The_Tracey_Fragments_-LRB-film-RRB-", "Man_of_Ashes" ]

[ "Inside Llewyn Davis -LSB- ˈluː.ɪn deɪvɪs -RSB- is a 2013 American black comedy drama film written , directed , produced , and edited by Joel and Ethan Coen . Set in 1961 , the film follows one week in the life of Llewyn Davis , played by Oscar Isaac , a folk singer struggling to achieve musical success while keeping his life in order . It co-stars Carey Mulligan , John Goodman , Garrett Hedlund , F. Murray Abraham , and Justin Timberlake . Although Davis is a fictional character , the story was partly inspired by the autobiography of folk singer Dave Van Ronk . Most of the folk songs performed in the film are sung in full and recorded live . T Bone Burnett was the executive music producer . The film won the Grand Prix at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival , where it screened on May 19 , 2013 . The film received a limited release in the United States on December 6 , 2013 , and was given a wide release on January 10 , 2014 . The film received critical acclaim and was nominated for two Academy Awards -LRB- Best Cinematography and Best Sound Mixing -RRB- and for three Golden Globe Awards : Best Motion Picture -- Comedy or Musical , Best Actor -- Motion Picture Musical or Comedy -LRB- Oscar Isaac -RRB- , and Best Original Song . Inside Llewyn Davis has been highly acclaimed , and was voted the 11th best film of the 21st century by 177 critics in a 2016 BBC Culture poll . ", "The 66th annual Cannes Film Festival took place in Cannes , France , from 15 to 26 May 2013 . Steven Spielberg was the head of the jury for the main competition . New Zealand film director Jane Campion was the head of the jury for the Cinéfondation and Short Film sections . French actress Audrey Tautou hosted the opening and closing ceremonies . Actress Kim Novak was named guest of honour and introduced a new restored version of Alfred Hitchcock 's Vertigo . The festival opened with The Great Gatsby , directed by Baz Luhrmann and closed with Zulu , directed by Jérôme Salle . The film poster for the festival featured Paul Newman and his wife Joanne Woodward . The Bling Ring , directed by Sofia Coppola , opened the Un Certain Regard section . The French film Blue Is the Warmest Colour won the Palme d'Or . In an unprecedented move , along with the director , the Jury decided to take `` the exceptional step '' of awarding the film 's two main actresses , Adèle Exarchopoulos and Léa Seydoux , with the Palme d'Or . On the occasion of 100 Years of Indian Cinema , India was the Official Guest Country at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival . Seven Indian feature films were premiered among various sections on the festival . Actress Vidya Balan was one of the official Jury of the festival . The first Incredible India Exhibition , a joint participation of the Ministry of Tourism and Ministry of Information and Broadcasting , Republic of India was inaugurated by Indian delegate Chiranjeevi . ", "Precious : Base on Nol by Saf -LRB- Based on the Novel `` Push '' by Sapphire -RRB- , or simply Precious , is a 2009 American drama film , directed and co-produced by Lee Daniels . Precious is an adaptation by Geoffrey S. Fletcher of the 1996 novel Push by Sapphire . The film stars Gabourey Sidibe , Mo'Nique , Paula Patton , and Mariah Carey . This film marked the acting debut of Sidibe . The film , then without a distributor , premiered to acclaim at both the 2009 Sundance Film Festival and the 2009 Cannes Film Festival , under its original title of Push : Based on the Novel by Sapphire . At Sundance , it won the Audience Award and the Grand Jury Prize for best drama , as well as a Special Jury Prize for supporting actress Mo'Nique . After Precious '' ' screening at Sundance in January 2009 , Tyler Perry announced that he and Oprah Winfrey would be providing promotional assistance to the film , which was released through Lionsgate Entertainment . Precious won the People 's Choice Award at the Toronto International Film Festival in September . The film 's title was changed from Push to Precious : Based on the Novel `` Push '' by Sapphire , to avoid confusion with the 2009 action film Push . Precious was also an official selection at the 62nd Cannes Film Festival -LRB- particularly the un certain regard section -RRB- . Lionsgate gave the film a limited release in North America on November 6 , 2009 -LRB- the release was expanded on November 20 -RRB- . Precious received largely positive reviews from critics ; the acting , the story , and its message were generally praised . In the film 's opening weekend in limited release , it grossed $ 1.8 million , putting it in 12th place at the box office . As of February 2010 , the film had grossed over $ 47 million domestically , ranking no. 65 for 2009 , recouping its $ 10 million budget , and making it a box office success.Precious '' received six Academy Award nominations , including one for Best Picture , at the 82nd Academy Awards . Geoffrey Fletcher won for Best Adapted Screenplay . Mo'Nique won the award for Best Supporting Actress , for which she received a standing ovation at the ceremony , along with numerous other accolades . ", "The Tracey Fragments is a 2007 drama film directed by Canadian Bruce McDonald and written by Maureen Medved , based on her novel of the same name . It stars Ellen Page in the title role , is produced by Sarah Timmins and executive produced by Paul Barkin . The film was selected to open the Panorama section of the 57th Berlin International Film Festival and had its world premiere February 8 , 2007 . It is being distributed in Canada by Odeon Films , with world sales being handled by Bavaria Films International . The film had its North American premiere at the 2007 Toronto International Film Festival on September 12 . Canadian theatrical release followed in October 2007 . The film was acquired for the United States by THINKFilm , and was released May 9 , 2008 . After a screening at the Possible Worlds 2007 Canadian Film Festival the film was acquired for DVD release in Australia and New Zealand by Siren Visual . The film was a low budget production , being made on only CAD$ 750,000 . ", "Man of Ashes -LRB- ريح السد , translit . Rih essed -RRB- is a 1986 Tunisian drama film directed by Nouri Bouzid . It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1986 Cannes Film Festival . " ]

[ 2, 2, 2, 0, 0 ]

[ "Younger_-LRB-TV_series-RRB-", "Are_You_Smarter_than_a_10_Year_Old?_-LRB-UK-RRB-", "Everything's_Getting_Older", "Young_and_Dangerous_5", "Minimus" ]

[ "Younger is an American single-camera comedy-drama television series based on the Pamela Redmond Satran novel of the same name , created and produced by Darren Star . The series stars Sutton Foster as the lead character , with Hilary Duff , Debi Mazar , Miriam Shor , Nico Tortorella , Molly Bernard and Peter Hermann co-starring in other main roles . The series premiered on March 31 , 2015 on TV Land and received generally positive reviews from critics . It was renewed for a 12-episode second season in April 2015 , but before the premiere of the second season on January 13 , 2016 , it was renewed for a third season , which began airing on September 28 , 2016 . On June 14 , 2016 , the show was renewed for a fourth season , which is scheduled to air on June 28 , 2017 . On April 20 , 2017 , the show was renewed for a fifth season ahead of its fourth season premiere . ", "Are You Smarter than a/Your 10 Year Old ? is a British quiz show which aired on Sky 1 . There were two editions , one broadcast weekly in primetime , hosted by Noel Edmonds and a daily version , originally hosted by Dick and Dom and later by Damian Williams . The show welcomes adult contestants , who attempt to answer ten questions -LRB- plus a final bonus question -RRB- taken from primary school textbooks , two from each school year from ages 6 to 10 . Each correct answer increases the amount of money the player banks ; a maximum cash prize of # 250,000 -LRB- or # 500,000 in series three -RRB- in primetime and # 50,000 in daytime can be won . The programme is based on the American television game show Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader ? . ", "Everything 's Getting Older is an album by Scottish musicians Bill Wells and Aidan Moffat . Mojo placed the album at number 17 on its list of `` Top 50 albums of 2011 '' . On 19 June 2012 the album won the inaugural Scottish Album of the Year award , beating artists such as Mogwai , Happy Particles and Remember Remember to the # 20,000 prize . ", "Young and Dangerous 5 is a 1998 Hong Kong triad film . It is the fourth sequel in the Young and Dangerous film series . ", "The Minimus books are a series of school textbooks , written by Barbara Bell , illustrated by Dr. Helen Forte , and published by the Cambridge University Press , designed to help children of primary school age to learn Latin . The books espouse some of the principles of the direct method of language teaching , and are named after the mouse Minimus -LRB- Latin for `` smallest '' , and also a pun on mus -- Latin for `` mouse '' -RRB- who is known as `` The mouse that made Latin cool '' . There are two books in the series : Minimus : Starting out in Latin and Minimus Secundus . While the first book is aimed at 7-10 year olds , the second continues the series for children up to 13 years old . The stories presented in each chapter revolve around a family . The family is based on a real family who lived at Vindolanda , in northern Britain in 100 AD . The books feature many artifacts from Vindolanda , integrating real objects into fictional plot lines . In 2011 , it was reported that 125,000 copies had been sold . " ]

[ 2, 2, 0, 2, 2 ]

[ "Micke_Kontinen", "Henri_Kontinen", "Henri_Myntti", "Charles_Imbault", "Alain_van_Katwijk" ]

[ "Micke Kontinen -LRB- born 18 December 1992 -RRB- is a Finnish tennis player . He is the younger brother of Henri Kontinen who is also a tennis player . Kontinen has a career high ATP singles ranking of 355 achieved on 15 September 2014 . He also has a career high ATP doubles ranking of 489 achieved on 26 May 2014 . Kontinen made his ATP main draw debut at the 2013 Swedish Open in the doubles event where he partnered Isak Arvidsson as a wildcard entrant but lost in the first round to Martín Alund and João Souza , 4 -- 6 , 6 -- 7 -LRB- 5 -- 7 -RRB- ", "Henri Kontinen -LRB- born 19 June 1990 -RRB- is a Finnish tennis player . Kontinen has won 14 doubles titles on the ATP Tour in his career . On 18 October 2010 , Kontinen reached his best singles rankings of world number 220 . He is currently ranked as world number 1 in doubles rankings after winning the Australian Open men 's doubles championship . His brother Micke is a retired tennis player . After ending his singles career due to injuries he started focusing on doubles . He reached the quarterfinals of the men 's doubles 2016 Wimbledon Championships with John Peers and won the mixed doubles at the same tournament with Heather Watson . He also won the 2017 Australian Open men 's doubles title with John Peers , reaching his first Grand Slam title in doubles . ", "Henri Myntti -LRB- born 23 March 1982 in Kokkola -RRB- is a Finnish footballer who plays for KPV Kokkola . ", "Charles Imbault -LRB- born February 19 , 1909 , date of death unknown -RRB- was a French field hockey player who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics . He is the twin brother of Paul Imbault . He was a member of the French field hockey team , which finish fourth in the 1936 Olympic tournament . He played one match as forward . ", "Alain van Katwijk -LRB- born February 2 , 1979 in Bladel -RRB- is a former Dutch cyclist . His father Jan , as well as his uncles Piet and Fons , were also professional cyclists . " ]

[ 0, 2, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Exit_the_King", "The_King_-LRB-2005_film-RRB-", "The_King_was_in_his_Counting_House", "King_Of...", "Rize_-LRB-film-RRB-" ]

[ "Exit the King -LRB- Le Roi se meurt -RRB- is an absurdist drama by Eugène Ionesco that premiered in 1962 . It is the third in Ionesco 's `` Berenger Cycle '' , preceded by The Killer -LRB- 1958 -RRB- and Rhinocéros -LRB- 1959 -RRB- , and followed by A Stroll in the Air -LRB- 1963 -RRB- . ", "The King is a 2005 drama film about a troubled man , recently discharged from the Navy , who goes to Corpus Christi , Texas , in search of the father he 's never met . The film is deeply rooted in a Southern Gothic style and features themes similar to those in Greek Tragedy . It was written by its British director James Marsh and also by Milo Addica , the Academy Award-nominated writer of Monster 's Ball and Birth . The film stars Gael García Bernal , who received strong critical acclaim for his portrayal of the main character Elvis , as well as William Hurt and Pell James . ", "The King was in his Counting House is the seventh episode of the fifth series of the British comedy series Dad 's Army that was originally transmitted on 17 November 1972 . ", "King Of ... was a television comedy talk show made by Big Talk Productions for Channel 4 . It was first broadcast on 17 June 2011 and was hosted by Claudia Winkleman . The show featured two celebrity guests per episode and a studio audience . The guests discussed what is the ` king of ' various categories . On 24 June 2011 , Channel 4 announced that King Of ... was to be cut short due to Winkleman 's pregnancy . The final 2 episodes , with Ruby Wax & Johnny Vegas and Billie Piper , were not recorded . ", "Rize is an American documentary film starring Lil ' C , Tommy Johnson , also known as Tommy the Clown , and Miss Prissy . The documentary exposes the new dance forms known as Clowning and Krumping , which started in Los Angeles around the time of the 1992 riots that followed the Rodney King verdict . The film was written and directed by David LaChapelle . Working alongside LaChapelle were executive producers , Ishbel Whitaker , Barry Peele , Ellen Jacobson-Clarke , Stavros Merjos , and Rebecca Skinner . Rize was produced by Lions Gate Entertainment with a production budget of $ 700 thousand dollars . Rise was released domestically on June 24th , 2005 grossing $ 3.3 million at the box office . " ]

[ 1, 1, 0, 0, 1 ]

[ "Gray_Matters", "Steve_Gray_-LRB-TV_presenter-RRB-", "Jim_Gray_-LRB-sportscaster-RRB-", "A_Pleasant_Shade_of_Gray", "Gray_Area_Foundation_for_the_Arts" ]

[ "Gray Matters is a 2006 romantic comedy film directed by Sue Kramer , starring Heather Graham , Tom Cavanagh and Bridget Moynahan . It premiered on October 21 , 2006 at the Hamptons International Film Festival and had a United States limited theatrical release on February 23 , 2007 . ", "Steven `` Steve '' Gray -LRB- born 11 July 1965 -RRB- is a New Zealand blogger and broadcaster , best known as the former host and film reviewer of the weekday New Zealand morning television show , Good Morning . Before becoming a co-host , Gray was its long-serving film and DVD reviewer and gossip columnist . Gray was raised in Hamilton , New Zealand . He worked as a barman , actor , fence builder , painter , singing telegram , drag performer and nanny before branching into film and media . He began his career reviewing film and video on student radio station bFM in 1996 , and began appearing on television the following year . Steven is best known for his knowledge of musical theatre and American television series . In December 2009 , Television New Zealand decided to not renew his contract for his presenter role on Good Morning . No specific reason was given for this , but Gray later speculated it may have been due to his sexuality . Gray 's final episode of Good Morning was Friday 11 December 2009 . In April 2010 Gray launched showbiz news and social commentary blog The Real Steve Gray , which has become one of the most popular New Zealand blogs . In a January 2013 interview with Fairfax NZ , Gray claimed to have slept with a former All Black , sparking international interest from both gay and rugby media . In 2013 Gray joined the New Zealand cinema podcast Cinematica as part of the film review panel . ", "Jim Gray is an American sportscaster . He is currently with Showtime , Fox , and Westwood One radio network . He has previously worked as a reporter , commentator , and interviewer with ESPN , NBC Sports and CBS Sports . He is an Emmy Award winning journalist , reporter , producer . and executive producer of sports features and documentaries . ", "A Pleasant Shade of Gray is a concept album by the progressive metal group Fates Warning , released in 1997 . It contains one song divided into twelve parts and is noted for its darker mood and more progressive style . ", "Gray Area Foundation for the Arts , Inc. is a 501 -LRB- c -RRB- 3 non-profit organization supporting art and technology for social good in San Francisco , California . Gray Area hosts exhibitions and music events , software and electronics classes , a media lab and resident-artist program . Gray Area Foundation for the Arts ' stated purpose is to bring `` together the best creative coders , data artists , designers , and makers to create experiments that build social consciousness through digital culture . '' Founded in 2006 by its Executive Director Josette Melchor and Board Chairman Peter Hirshberg , Gray Area joins similarly focused institutions , like Eyebeam Art and Technology Center and Ars Electronica , in promoting the intersections of art , technology and community by working to produce , exhibit , and develop the creative technical skills that allow for experimentation with and exploration of the most contemporary technologies . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 0, 1 ]

[ "Neighbourhoods_of_Buenos_Aires", "Argentina", "América,_Buenos_Aires", "Olavarría", "Curuzú_Cuatiá_Department" ]

[ "Buenos Aires , autonomous city and capital of Argentina , is composed of forty-eight neighbourhoods -LRB- locally known as barrios -RRB- . The city is also legally divided into communes , each one including one or more barrios . Among the most visited and populated barrios are Palermo , Recoleta , Puerto Madero , Belgrano , San Telmo , La Boca , Monserrat and Caballito . Sectors of the city are also traditionally known as neighborhoods by the inhabitants of Buenos Aires , but not officially by the authorities of the city ; some examples include Chinatown , Barrio Norte and the Microcentro . ", "Argentina -LRB- -LSB- ɑrdʒənˈtiːnə -RSB- -LSB- aɾxenˈtina -RSB- -RRB- , officially the Argentine Republic -LRB- República Argentina -RRB- , is a federal republic in the southern portion of South America . Sharing the bulk of the Southern Cone with its neighbor Chile to the west , the country is also bordered by Bolivia and Paraguay to the north , Brazil to the northeast , Uruguay and the South Atlantic Ocean to the east , and the Drake Passage to the south . With a mainland area of 2780400 km2 , Argentina is the eighth-largest country in the world , the second largest in Latin America , and the largest Spanish-speaking one . The country is subdivided into twenty-three provinces -LRB- provincias , singular provincia -RRB- and one autonomous city -LRB- ciudad autónoma -RRB- , Buenos Aires , which is the federal capital of the nation -LRB- -LSB- Capital Federal , links = no -RSB- -RRB- as decided by Congress . The provinces and the capital have their own constitutions , but exist under a federal system . Argentina claims sovereignty over part of Antarctica , the Falkland Islands -LRB- -LSB- Islas Malvinas , links = no -RSB- -RRB- , and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands . The earliest recorded human presence in the area of modern-day Argentina dates back to the Paleolithic period . The country has its roots in Spanish colonization of the region during the 16th century . Argentina rose as the successor state of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata , a Spanish overseas viceroyalty founded in 1776 . The declaration and fight for independence -LRB- 1810 -- 1818 -RRB- was followed by an extended civil war that lasted until 1861 , culminating in the country 's reorganization as a federation of provinces with Buenos Aires as its capital city . The country thereafter enjoyed relative peace and stability , with massive waves of European immigration radically reshaping its cultural and demographic outlook . The almost-unparalleled increase in prosperity led to Argentina becoming the seventh wealthiest developed nation in the world by the early 20th century . After 1930 , Argentina descended into political instability and periodic economic crises that pushed it back into underdevelopment , though it nevertheless remained among the fifteen richest countries until the mid-20th century . Argentina retains its historic status as a middle power in international affairs , and is a prominent regional power in the Southern Cone and Latin America . Argentina has the second largest economy in South America , the third-largest in Latin America and is a member of the G-15 and G-20 major economies . It is also a founding member of the United Nations , World Bank , World Trade Organization , Mercosur , Union of South American Nations , Community of Latin American and Caribbean States and the Organization of Ibero-American States . It is the country with the second highest Human Development Index in Latin America with a rating of `` very high '' . Because of its stability , market size and growing high-tech sector , Argentina is classified as a high-income economy . ", "América is a city in Buenos Aires Province , Argentina , and the head town of the Rivadavia Partido , located some 500 km from Buenos Aires City and 560 km from the provincial capital , La Plata . Its population was , as per the 2001 census , 12,361 . ", "Olavarría is a city in the province of Buenos Aires , Argentina . It is the administrative seat of the Olavarría Partido and has over 111,320 inhabitants , per the . The settlement was officially founded on November 25 , 1867 , and named in honour of Coronel José Valentín de Olavarría -LRB- 1801 -- 1845 -RRB- , an early Argentine military leader . ", "Curuzú Cuatiá Department is a department of Corrientes Province in Argentina . The provincial subdivision has a population of about 42,075 inhabitants in an area of 8,911 km ² , and its capital city is Curuzú Cuatiá , which is located around 650 km from Capital Federal . " ]

[ 2, 1, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "The_Catcher_in_the_Rye", "Holden_Caulfield", "A_Pocketful_of_Rye", "Rebel_in_the_Rye", "Suzanne_Strempek_Shea" ]

[ "The Catcher in the Rye is a 1951 novel by J. D. Salinger . A controversial novel originally published for adults , it has since become popular with adolescent readers for its themes of teenage angst and alienation . It has been translated into almost all of the world 's major languages . Around 1 million copies are sold each year with total sales of more than 65 million books . The novel 's protagonist Holden Caulfield has become an icon for teenage rebellion . The novel also deals with complex issues of innocence , identity , belonging , loss , and connection . The novel was included on Times 2005 list of the 100 best English-language novels written since 1923 and it was named by Modern Library and its readers as one of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century . In 2003 , it was listed at # 15 on the BBC 's survey The Big Read . ", "Holden Caulfield is a fictional character in author J. D. Salinger 's 1951 novel The Catcher in the Rye . Since the book 's publication , Holden has become an icon for teenage rebellion and angst , and now stands among the most important characters of 20th-century American literature . The name Holden Caulfield was used in an unpublished short story written in 1942 and first appeared in print in 1945 . Although it has been conjectured that J. D. Salinger got the name for Holden Caulfield in The Catcher in the Rye when he saw a marquee for Dear Ruth -LRB- 1947 -RRB- , starring William Holden and Joan Caulfield , Salinger 's first Holden Caulfield story , `` I 'm Crazy , '' appeared in Collier 's on December 22 , 1945 , a year and a half before this movie was released . ", "A Pocketful of Rye is a 1969 novel by A. J. Cronin about a young Scottish doctor , Carroll , and his life in Switzerland . It is a sequel to A Song of Sixpence . As with several of his other novels , Cronin drew on his own experiences as a doctor for this book . The titles of both novels come from the children 's nursery rhyme , Sing a Song of Sixpence . Category : Novels by A. J. Cronin Category : Sequel novels Category : Novels set in Switzerland Category :1969 British novels Category : Medical novels Category : Victor Gollancz Ltd books Category : Little , Brown and Company books ", "Rebel in the Rye is a 2017 American biographical drama film directed and written by Danny Strong . It is based on the book J. D. Salinger : A Life by Kenneth Slawenski , about the life of young writer J. D. Salinger during World War II . The film stars Nicholas Hoult , Zoey Deutch , Kevin Spacey , Sarah Paulson , Brian d'Arcy James , Victor Garber , Hope Davis , and Lucy Boynton . Principal photography on the film began on April 26 , 2016 in New York City . It premiered at the 2017 Sundance Film Festival on January 24 , 2017 . ", "Suzanne Strempek Shea , born in western Massachusetts , USA , is the author of literary fiction , biographies and memoirs . She was the winner of the 2000 New England Book Award for Fiction . Shea lives in Bondsville , Massachusetts , with her husband , the Springfield Republican columnist Tom Shea . She is the author of five novels : Selling the Lite of Heaven , Hoopi Shoopi Donna , Lily of the Valley , Around Again , and Becoming Finola , published by Washington Square Press . She has also written three memoirs , Songs From a Lead-lined Room : Notes - High and Low - From My Journey Through Breast Cancer and Radiation ; Shelf Life : Romance , Mystery , Drama and Other Page-Turning Adventures From a Year in a Bookstore ; and Sundays in America : A Yearlong Road Trip in Search of Christian Faith , all published by Beacon Press . Her freelance journalism and fiction has appeared in magazines and newspapers including Yankee , The Bark , Golf World , The Boston Globe , The Philadelphia Inquirer , Organic Style and ESPN the Magazine . She was a regular contributor to Obit magazine . Her essay `` Crafty Critters '' appears in the anthology Knitting Yarns : Writers on Knitting , published by W. W. Norton & Company in 2013 . " ]

[ 2, 2, 2, 2, 2 ]

[ "The_Good_German", "Das_Paar_im_Kahn", "The_Thin_Red_Line_-LRB-1998_film-RRB-", "Made_in_Heaven_-LRB-1952_film-RRB-", "A_Good_Day_to_Die_Hard" ]

[ "The Good German is a 2006 film adaptation of Joseph Kanon 's eponymous 2001 novel . It was directed by Steven Soderbergh , and stars George Clooney , Cate Blanchett , and Tobey Maguire . Set in Berlin following the Allied victory over the Nazis , it begins as a murder mystery but weaves in elements involving the American postwar employment of Nazi rocket scientists in Operation Paperclip . The film was shot in black-and-white and is designed to imitate the appearance of film noir from the 1940s , although it also includes material -- such as sex scenes and swearing -- that would have been prohibited by the Production Code . Its poster is an homage to the poster for the classic film Casablanca -LRB- 1942 , also a Warner Bros. film -RRB- , as is the closing scene at an airport . The DVD release presents the film in the 1.33:1 aspect ratio which declined in use from about 1953 , though the theatrical release used the slightly more modern but still unusual 1.66:1 ratio . The film received mixed reviews and grossed $ 5.9 million worldwide against a budget of $ 32 million . ", "Das Paar im Kahn is a 2004 Swiss German language television film that was filmed and produced at locations in Basel respectively in Switzerland and in France . It is the first film of the six-episode serial starring Mathias Gnädinger as Kommissär Hunkeler . ", "The Thin Red Line is a 1998 American ensemble epic war film written and directed by Terrence Malick . Based on the novel by James Jones , it tells a semi-fictionalized version of the Battle of Mount Austen , which was part of the Guadalcanal Campaign in the Pacific Theater of World War II . It portrays soldiers of C Company , 1st Battalion , 27th Infantry Regiment , 25th Infantry Division , played by Sean Penn , Jim Caviezel , Nick Nolte , Elias Koteas and Ben Chaplin . Although the title may seem to refer to a line from Rudyard Kipling 's poem `` Tommy '' , from Barrack-Room Ballads , in which he calls foot soldiers `` the thin red line of heroes '' , referring to the stand of the 93rd Regiment in the Battle of Balaclava of the Crimean War , it is in reality a quote from Jones 's book which reads , `` they discover the thin red line that divides the sane from the mad ... and the living from the dead ... '' The film marked Malick 's return to filmmaking after a 20-year absence . It co-stars Nick Nolte , Adrien Brody , George Clooney , John Cusack , Woody Harrelson , Elias Koteas , Jared Leto , John C. Reilly , and John Travolta . Reportedly , the first assembled cut took seven months to edit and ran five hours . By the final cut , footage of performances by Bill Pullman , Lukas Haas , and Mickey Rourke had been removed -LRB- although one of Rourke 's scenes was included in the special features outtakes of the Criterion Blu-ray and DVD release -RRB- . The film was scored by Hans Zimmer , and shot by John Toll . Principal photography took place in New Zealand , and Australia in the state of Queensland . The film grossed $ 98 million against its $ 52 million budget . Critical response was generally positive and the film was nominated for seven Academy Awards : Best Picture , Best Director , Best Adapted Screenplay , Best Cinematography , Best Film Editing , Best Original Score and Best Sound Mixing . It won the Golden Bear at the 1999 Berlin International Film Festival . Martin Scorsese ranked it as his second favorite film of the 1990s on At the Movies . Gene Siskel called it `` the greatest contemporary war film I 've seen '' . A previous film adaptation of the novel was released in 1964 . ", "Made in Heaven is a 1952 British Technicolor comedy film directed by John Paddy Carstairs which stars David Tomlinson , Petula Clark and Sonja Ziemann . The screenplay was based on a story by William Douglas-Home . ", "A Good Day to Die Hard is a 2013 American action thriller film and the fifth installment in the Die Hard film series . The film was directed by John Moore and written by Skip Woods , and stars Bruce Willis as John McClane . The main plot finds McClane travelling to Russia to get his estranged son , Jack , an undercover CIA agent , out of prison . He is soon caught in the crossfire of a global terrorist plot . Alongside Willis , the film also stars Jai Courtney , Cole Hauser , Yuliya Snigir and Sebastian Koch as the film 's villain . Talks of a fifth Die Hard film began before the release of the fourth installment , Live Free or Die Hard , with Willis affirming that the latter would not be the last in the series , but pre-production did not start until September 2011 , when John Moore was officially announced as the director . Filming began in April 2012 , primarily in Budapest , Hungary . A Good Day to Die Hard premiered in Los Angeles on January 31 , 2013 , coinciding with the unveiling of a Die Hard mural at the Fox Lot , and was released in certain East and Southeast Asian countries on February 7 and in the United States and Canada on February 13 . It is the first Die Hard film to use Dolby Atmos Surround Mixing and the first to also be released in IMAX theaters . Unlike the previous films , A Good Day to Die Hard was a critical failure , receiving overwhelmingly negative reviews which cited implausible action sequences , a cliched script , a weak plot , Moore 's direction , and a lack of characterization , although the special effects were praised . It is the first film produced by TSG Entertainment , since distributor 20th Century Fox 's departure from Dune Entertainment upon the completion of their distribution contract at the end of 2012 . A sequel entitled Die Hard : Year One was confirmed to be in works while also intended to be an origin story of John McClane . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "The_Wonder_Years", "Bill_on_the_Arrangement_of_Bedouin_Settlement_in_the_Negev", "Wonder_Boy_III-COLON-_The_Dragon's_Trap", "Wonders_of_a_Godless_World", "1996_Adams" ]

[ "The Wonder Years is an American television comedy-drama created by Neal Marlens and Carol Black . It ran on ABC from 1988 until 1993 . The pilot aired on January 31 , 1988 , following ABC 's coverage of Super Bowl XXII . The show achieved a spot in the Nielsen Top 30 for four of its six seasons . TV Guide named the show one of the 20 best of the 1980s . After only six episodes aired , The Wonder Years won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series in 1988 . In addition , at age 13 , Fred Savage became the youngest actor ever nominated as Outstanding Lead Actor for a Comedy Series . The show was also awarded a Peabody Award in 1989 , for `` pushing the boundaries of the sitcom format and using new modes of storytelling . '' In total , the series won 22 awards and was nominated for 54 more . In 1997 , `` My Father 's Office '' was ranked # 29 on TV Guide 's 100 Greatest Episodes of All Time , and in the 2009 revised list the pilot episode was ranked # 43 . In 2016 , Rolling Stone ranked The Wonder Years # 63 on its list of 100 Greatest TV Shows of All Time . In 2017 , James Charisma of Paste ranked the show 's opening sequence # 14 on a list of The 75 Best TV Title Sequences of All Time . ", "The Bill on the Arrangement of Bedouin Settlement in the Negev , also called the Prawer Plan or the Begin-Prawer Plan was formulated in September 2011 when the Israeli government approved a controversial five-year economic development plan . One of its implications is a relocation of some 40,000 -- 70,000 Negev Bedouin from areas not recognized by the government to government-recognized local councils . It led to 2013 Israeli protests in November . ", "Not to be confused with the 1988 arcade game Wonder Boy III : Monster Lair . Wonder Boy III : The Dragon 's Trap , known in Japan as , is a platforming and action-adventure video game developed by Westone as part of Sega 's Wonder Boy series . It was published by Sega and released for the Sega Master System in 1989 and for the Game Gear in 1992 as Wonder Boy : The Dragon 's Trap . It was ported by Hudson Soft in 1991 -LRB- 1990 in North America -RRB- and was released for the TurboGrafx-16 / PC Engine under the name Dragon 's Curse -LRB- in Japan -RRB- . It was also ported in 1993 by Brazilian company Tec Toy under the title Turma da Mônica em o Resgate , with the game retooled to include characters from Brazilian comic book series Monica 's Gang -LRB- Turma da Mônica -RRB- . A remake developed by Lizardcube and published by DotEmu , titled Wonder Boy : The Dragon 's Trap , was released in April 2017 . The game takes place immediately after the events of Wonder Boy in Monster Land , which Wonder Boy has been cursed by the Mecha Dragon and must locate the Salamander Cross to lift it . The game is nonlinear and features varying landscapes in which players must navigate . Players find items and clues needed to access different parts of Monster Land , and they can transform into other forms and gain different abilities . Wonder Boy III : The Dragon 's Trap received extensive coverage worldwide in gaming magazines upon its release . It was praised for its colorful and cartoon-like graphics , rich sound and diverse sound effects , and varied and addictive gameplay . Criticisms include sprite flickering in the Master System version as well as slippery controls . It won Electronic Gaming Monthlys `` Best Game of the Year '' award for the Master System in 1989 . Reviews from gaming magazines have described the game as one of the best Master System and 8-bit titles of all time . ", "Wonders of a Godless World is a 2009 novel by Andrew McGahan . Described as `` a kind of modern fable '' that `` verges on fantasy '' , it won the 2009 Aurealis Award for best science fiction novel . It follows the story of an orphan girl who is working in the wards of the insane and incapable , but the inhabitants are thrown into turmoil after a series of strange murders following the arrival of a new patient . ", "1996 Adams , provisional designation , is a stony Eunomia asteroid from the middle region of the asteroid belt , approximately 13 kilometers in diameter . It was discovered on 16 October 1961 , by the Indiana Asteroid Program at Goethe Link Observatory near Brooklyn , Indiana , United States . It was later named after mathematician John Couch Adams . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Internet_access", "Internet_OS", "Internet", "Browser_service", "Internet_in_Indonesia" ]

[ "Internet access is ability of individuals and organizations to connect to the Internet using computer terminals , computers , mobile devices ; and to access services such as email and the World Wide Web . Various technologies , at a wide range of speeds have been used by Internet service providers -LRB- ISPs -RRB- to provide this service . Internet access was once rare , but has grown rapidly . In 1995 , only .04 percent of the world 's population had access , with well over half of those living in the United States , and consumer use was through dial-up . By the first decade of the 21st century , many consumers in developed nations used faster broadband technology , and by 2014 , 41 percent of the world 's population had access , broadband was almost ubiquitous worldwide , and global average connection speeds exceeded 4 Mbit/s . ", "Internet operating system , or Internet OS , is a term used in the computer industry to refer to any type of operating system designed to run all of its applications and services through an Internet client , generally a web browser . The advantages of such an OS would be that it would run on a thin client , allowing cheaper , more easily manageable computer systems ; it would require all applications to be designed on cross-platform , open standards ; and would not tie a user 's applications , documents , and preferences to a single computer , but rather place them on the cloud . The Internet OS has also been promoted as the perfect type of platform for software as a service . ", "The Internet is the global system of interconnected computer networks that use the Internet protocol suite -LRB- TCP/IP -RRB- to link devices worldwide . It is a network of networks that consists of private , public , academic , business , and government networks of local to global scope , linked by a broad array of electronic , wireless , and optical networking technologies . The Internet carries an extensive range of information resources and services , such as the inter-linked hypertext documents and applications of the World Wide Web -LRB- WWW -RRB- , electronic mail , telephony , and file sharing . The origins of the Internet date back to research commissioned by the United States federal government in the 1960s to build robust , fault-tolerant communication via computer networks . The primary precursor network , the ARPANET , initially served as a backbone for interconnection of regional academic and military networks in the 1980s . The funding of the National Science Foundation Network as a new backbone in the 1980s , as well as private funding for other commercial extensions , led to worldwide participation in the development of new networking technologies , and the merger of many networks . The linking of commercial networks and enterprises by the early 1990s marks the beginning of the transition to the modern Internet , and generated a sustained exponential growth as generations of institutional , personal , and mobile computers were connected to the network . Although the Internet was widely used by academia since the 1980s , the commercialization incorporated its services and technologies into virtually every aspect of modern life . Internet use grew rapidly in the West from the mid-1990s and from the late 1990s in the developing world . In the two decades since then , Internet use has grown 100-times , measured for the period of one year , to over one third of the world population . Most traditional communications media , including telephony , radio , television , paper mail and newspapers are being reshaped or redefined by the Internet , giving birth to new services such as email , Internet telephony , Internet television , online music , digital newspapers , and video streaming websites . Newspaper , book , and other print publishing are adapting to website technology , or are reshaped into blogging , web feeds and online news aggregators . The Internet has enabled and accelerated new forms of personal interactions through instant messaging , Internet forums , and social networking . Online shopping has grown exponentially both for major retailers and small businesses and entrepreneurs , as it enables firms to extend their `` brick and mortar '' presence to serve a larger market or even sell goods and services entirely online . Business-to-business and financial services on the Internet affect supply chains across entire industries . The Internet has no centralized governance in either technological implementation or policies for access and usage ; each constituent network sets its own policies . Only the overreaching definitions of the two principal name spaces in the Internet , the Internet Protocol address space and the Domain Name System -LRB- DNS -RRB- , are directed by a maintainer organization , the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers -LRB- ICANN -RRB- . The technical underpinning and standardization of the core protocols is an activity of the Internet Engineering Task Force -LRB- IETF -RRB- , a non-profit organization of loosely affiliated international participants that anyone may associate with by contributing technical expertise . ", "Browser service or Computer Browser Service is a feature of Microsoft Windows to let users easily browse and locate shared resources in neighboring computers . This is done by aggregating the information in a single computer `` Browse Master '' -LRB- or `` Master Browser '' -RRB- . All other computers contact this computer for information and display in the Network Neighborhood window . Browser service runs on MailSlot / Server Message Block and thus can be used with all supported transport protocol such as NetBEUI , IPX/SPX and TCP/IP . Browser service relies heavily on broadcast , so it is not available across network segments separated by routers . Browsing across different IP subnets need the help of Domain Master Browser , which is always the Primary Domain Controller -LRB- PDC -RRB- . Therefore , browsing across IP subnets is not possible in a pure workgroup network . ", "The Internet is a relatively new communication medium in Indonesia , an archipelago that includes more than 17,001 islands . Several Internet access services are available in Indonesia , ranging from fiber optic , ADSL to mobile Internet . Telephone line-based service was among the first Internet access services in Indonesia with PT Telkom as the main player who controlled most fixed-line telephone networks . " ]

[ 2, 2, 2, 2, 0 ]

[ "Duke_of_York", "Prince_Andrew,_Duke_of_York", "Anna_Maria_Franziska_of_Saxe-Lauenburg", "Marie_Adélaïde_of_Savoy", "Elizabeth_of_York" ]

[ "The Duke of York is a title of nobility in the Peerage of the United Kingdom . Since the 15th century , it has , when granted , usually been given to the second son of English -LRB- later British -RRB- monarchs . The equivalent title in the Scottish peerage was Duke of Albany . Initially granted in the 14th century in the Peerage of England , the title Duke of York has been created eight times . Additionally , the title Duke of York and Albany has been created three times . These occurred during the 18th century , following the 1707 unification of the Kingdom of England and Kingdom of Scotland into a single , united realm . The double naming was done so that a territorial designation from each of the previously separate realms could be included . The current Duke of York is Prince Andrew , the second son of Queen Elizabeth II . Prince Andrew currently has no male heirs and has been unmarried since his 1996 divorce . ", "Prince Andrew , Duke of York , -LRB- Andrew Albert Christian Edward , born 19 February 1960 -RRB- , is the second son and third child of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip , Duke of Edinburgh . At the time of his birth , he was second in the line of succession to succeed his mother ; as of 2017 he is sixth in line . He holds the rank of commander and the honorary rank of vice admiral -LRB- as of February 2015 -RRB- in the Royal Navy , in which he served as an active duty helicopter pilot and instructor and as the captain of a warship . He saw active service during the Falklands War , flying on multiple missions including anti-surface warfare , Exocet missile decoy , and casualty evacuation . In 1986 , Prince Andrew married Sarah Ferguson ; the couple 's marriage , subsequent separation and eventual divorce in 1996 attracted a high level of media coverage . As well as carrying out various official engagements , he served as Britain 's Special Representative for International Trade and Investment until July 2011 . ", "Anna Maria Franziska of Saxe-Lauenburg -LRB- 13 June 1672 -- 15 October 1741 -RRB- was the legal Duchess of Saxe-Lauenburg in the eyes of the Holy Roman Emperor , the overlord of Saxe-Lauenburg , from 1689 until 1728 ; however , because her distant cousin George William , Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg , conquered the duchy by force in 1689 , she exercised no control over the territory , instead living in her manors in Bohemia . She was Grand Duchess of Tuscany as the wife of the last Medici Grand Duke , Gian Gastone . Anna Maria Franziska was the elder surviving daughter of Julius Franz , Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg , and Maria Hedwig of the Palatinate-Sulzbach . She married Philipp Wilhelm August of the Palatinate in 1690 , with whom she had her only child , Maria Anna , in 1691 . She was widowed in 1693 . Four years later , she married Gian Gastone de ' Medici , a Prince of Tuscany . With her brother-in-law Ferdinando de ' Medici 's death in 1713 , her husband became Tuscany 's heir-apparent . She became Grand Duchess of Tuscany upon the incumbent ruler 's death in 1723 . She was Grand Duchess for fourteen years before being widowed again in 1737 . ", "Princess Marie Adélaïde of Savoy -LRB- 6 December 1685 -- 12 February 1712 -RRB- was the wife of Louis , Dauphin of France , Duke of Burgundy . She was the eldest daughter of Duke Victor Amadeus II of Savoy and of Anne Marie d'Orléans . Her betrothal to the Duke of Burgundy in June 1696 was part of the Treaty of Turin , signed on 29 August 1696 . She was the mother of the future King Louis XV of France . Styled as Duchess of Burgundy after her marriage , she became dauphine of France upon the death of her father-in-law , Le Grand Dauphin , in 1711 . She died of measles in 1712 , followed by her husband a week later . ", "Elizabeth of York -LRB- 11 February 1466 -- 11 February 1503 -RRB- was queen consort of England from 1486 until her death . As the wife of Henry VII , she was the first Tudor queen . She was the daughter of Edward IV and niece of Richard III , and she married the king following Henry 's victory at the Battle of Bosworth which started the last phase of the Wars of the Roses . She was the mother of King Henry VIII . Therefore , she was the daughter , sister , niece , wife , mother and grandmother of successive Kings of England . The period of Henry VI 's readaption from October 1470 until April 1471 and the period between her father 's death in 1483 , when she was 17 , and the making of peace between her mother and her uncle Richard were violent and anxious interludes in what was mostly a peaceful life . Her two brothers disappeared , the `` Princes in the Tower '' , their fate unknown . She was welcomed back to court by her Uncle Richard III , along with all of her sisters . As a Yorkist princess , the final victory of the Lancastrian faction in the War of the Roses may have seemed a further disaster , but Henry Tudor knew the importance of Yorkist support for his invasion and promised to marry her before he arrived in England ; this was an important move , which , however , failed to bring him the desired Yorkist support . Her marriage seems to have been successful , though her eldest son Arthur , Prince of Wales , died at age 15 in 1502 , and three other children died young . She seems to have played little part in politics . Her surviving children became a King of England and queens of France and Scotland ; it is through the Scottish Stuart dynasty that her many modern royal descendants trace their descent from her . " ]

[ 0, 2, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Danish_language", "Javanese_language", "Netherlands", "Scandinavia", "Kildevældsparken" ]

[ "Danish -LSB- ˈdeɪnᵻʃ -RSB- -LRB- dansk -LSB- ˈd̥anˀsɡ̊ -RSB- ; dansk sprog , -LSB- ˈd̥anˀsɡ̊ ˈsb̥ʁɔʊ̯ˀ -RSB- -RRB- is a North Germanic language spoken by around six million people , principally in Denmark and in the region of Southern Schleswig in northern Germany , where it has minority language status . There are also minor Danish-speaking communities in Norway , Sweden , Spain , the United States , Canada , Brazil and Argentina . Due to immigration and language shift in urban areas , around 15 -- 20 % of the population of Greenland speak Danish as their home language . Along with the other North Germanic languages , Danish is a descendant of Old Norse , the common language of the Germanic peoples that lived in Scandinavia during the Viking Era . Danish , together with Swedish , derives from the East Norse dialect group , while the Middle Norwegian language before the influence of Danish and Norwegian Bokmål are classified as West Norse along with Faroese and Icelandic . A more recent classification based on mutual intelligibility separates modern spoken Danish , Norwegian and Swedish as Mainland Scandinavian while Icelandic and Faroese are classified as Insular Scandinavian . Until the 16th century , Danish was a continuum of dialects spoken from Schleswig to Scania with no standard variety or spelling conventions . With the Protestant Reformation and the introduction of printing , a standard language was developed which was based on the educated Copenhagen dialect . It spread through use in the education system and administration though German and Latin continued to be the most important written languages well into the 17th century . Following the loss of territory to Germany and Sweden , a nationalist movement adopted the language as a token of Danish identity , and the language experienced a strong surge in use and popularity with major works of literature produced in the 18th and 19th centuries . Today , traditional Danish dialects have all but disappeared , though there are regional variants of the standard language . The main differences in language are between generations , with youth language being particularly innovative . Danish has a very large vowel inventory comprising 27 phonemically distinctive vowels , and its prosody is characterized by the distinctive phenomenon stød , a kind of laryngeal phonation type . Due to the many pronunciation differences that set apart Danish from its neighboring languages , particularly the vowels , difficult prosody and `` weakly '' pronounced consonants , it is sometimes considered to be a difficult language to learn and understand , and there is some evidence that small children are slower to acquire the phonological distinctions of Danish . The grammar is moderately inflective with strong -LRB- irregular -RRB- and weak -LRB- regular -RRB- conjugations and inflections . Nouns and demonstrative pronouns distinguish common and neutral gender . As in English , Danish only has remnants of a former case system , particularly in the pronouns , and it has lost all person marking on verbs . Its syntax is V2 , with the finite verb always occupying the second slot in the sentence . ", "Javanese -LSB- dʒɑːvəˈniːz -RSB- -LRB- , ; -LSB- bɔsɔ dʒɔwɔ -RSB- -RRB- -LRB- colloquially known as , ; -LSB- tjɔrɔ dʒɔwɔ -RSB- -RRB- is the language of the Javanese people from the central and eastern parts of the island of Java , in Indonesia . There are also pockets of Javanese speakers in the northern coast of western Java . It is the native language of more than 98 million people -LRB- more than 42 % of the total population of Indonesia -RRB- . Javanese is one of the Austronesian languages , but it is not particularly close to other languages and is difficult to classify . Its closest relatives are the neighbouring languages such as Sundanese , Madurese and Balinese . Most speakers of Javanese also speak Indonesian , the standardized form of Malay spoken in Indonesia , for official and commercial purposes as well as a means to communicate with non-Javanese-speaking Indonesians . There are speakers of Javanese in Malaysia -LRB- concentrated in the states of Selangor and Johor -RRB- and Singapore . Some people of Javanese descent in Suriname -LRB- the Dutch colony of Suriname until 1975 -RRB- speak a creole descendant of the language . ", "The Netherlands , -LRB- -LSB- ˈnɛðərləndz -RSB- Nederland -LSB- ˈneːdərˌlɑnt -RSB- ; Nederlân -RRB- also known informally as Holland , is the main constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands . It is a densely populated country located in Western Europe with three island territories in the Caribbean.designated Bonaire , Sint Eustatius and Saba within ISO ISO 3166-1 . The European part of the Netherlands borders Germany to the east , Belgium to the south , and the North Sea to the northwest , sharing maritime borders with Belgium , the United Kingdom , and Germany . The four largest cities in the Netherlands are Amsterdam , Rotterdam , The Hague and Utrecht -LRB- collectively known as G4 -RRB- . Amsterdam is the country 's capital , while The Hague holds the Dutch seat of parliament and government . The port of Rotterdam is the world 's largest port outside East-Asia , and the largest port in Europe . The name Holland is used informally to refer to the whole of the country of the Netherlands.Formally ` Holland ' refers only to two of the country 's twelve provinces : North Holland and South Holland . `` Netherlands '' literally means `` lower countries '' , influenced by its low land and flat geography , with only about 50 % of its land exceeding one metre above sea level . Most of the areas below sea level are artificial . Since the late 16th century , large areas -LRB- polders -RRB- have been reclaimed from the sea and lakes , amounting to nearly 17 % of the country 's current land mass . With a population density of 412 people per km2 -- 507 -LRB- January 2017 -RRB- if water is excluded -- the Netherlands is classified as a very densely populated country . Only Bangladesh , South Korea , and Taiwan have both a larger population and higher population density . Nevertheless , the Netherlands is the world 's second-largest exporter of food and agricultural products , after the United States . This is partly due to the fertility of the soil and the mild climate . The Netherlands was the third country in the world to have an elected parliament , and since 1848 it has been governed as a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy , organised as a unitary state . The Netherlands has a long history of social tolerance and is generally regarded as a liberal country , having legalised abortion , prostitution and euthanasia , while maintaining a progressive drugs policy . In 2001 , it became the world 's first country to legalise same-sex marriage . The Netherlands is a founding member of the EU , Eurozone , G-10 , NATO , OECD and WTO ; as well as being a part of the Schengen Area and the trilateral Benelux Union . The country is host to the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons and five international courts : the Permanent Court of Arbitration , the International Court of Justice , the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia , the International Criminal Court and the Special Tribunal for Lebanon . The first four are situated in The Hague , as is the EU 's criminal intelligence agency Europol and judicial co-operation agency Eurojust . This has led to the city being dubbed `` the world 's legal capital . '' The country also ranks second highest in the world 's 2016 Press Freedom Index , as published by Reporters Without Borders . The Netherlands has a market-based mixed economy , ranking 17th of 177 countries according to the Index of Economic Freedom . It had the thirteenth-highest per capita income in the world in 2013 according to the International Monetary Fund . In 2013 , the United Nations World Happiness Report ranked the Netherlands as the seventh-happiest country in the world , reflecting its high quality of life . The Netherlands also ranks joint third highest in the Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index , along with Australia . ", "Scandinavia -LSB- ˌskændɪˈneɪviə -RSB- is a historical and cultural region in Northern Europe characterized by a common ethnocultural North Germanic heritage and mutually intelligible North Germanic languages . The term Scandinavia always includes the three kingdoms of Denmark , Norway , and Sweden . The remote Norwegian islands of Svalbard and Jan Mayen are usually not seen as a part of Scandinavia , nor is Greenland , an overseas territory of Denmark . However , the Faroe Islands , also a Danish overseas territory , are sometimes included , as sometimes are Iceland , Finland , and the Finnish autonomous region of the Åland Islands , because of their historical association with the Scandinavian countries and the Scandinavian peoples and languages . This looser definition almost equates to that of the Nordic countries . In Nordic languages , only Denmark , Norway and Sweden are commonly included in the definition of Scandinavia . In English usage , Scandinavia sometimes refers to the geographical area , also known as the Scandinavian Peninsula . The name Scandinavia originally referred vaguely to the formerly Danish , now Swedish , region Scania . The terms Scandinavia and Scandinavian entered usage in the late 18th century as terms for Denmark , Norway and Sweden , their Germanic majority peoples and associated language and culture , the term being introduced by the early linguistic and cultural Scandinavist movement . The majority of the population of Scandinavia are descended from several -LRB- North -RRB- Germanic tribes who originally inhabited the southern part of Scandinavia and spoke a Germanic language that evolved into Old Norse . Icelanders and the Faroese are to a significant extent descended from the Norse , and are therefore often seen as Scandinavian . Finland is mainly populated by Finns , with a minority of approximately 5 % of Swedish speakers . A small minority of Sami people live in the extreme north of Scandinavia . The Danish , Norwegian and Swedish languages form a dialect continuum and are known as the Scandinavian languages -- all of which are considered mutually intelligible with one another . Faroese and Icelandic , sometimes referred to as insular Scandinavian languages , are intelligible in continental Scandinavian languages only to a limited extent . Finnish and Meänkieli are closely related to each other and more distantly to the Sami languages , but are entirely unrelated to the Scandinavian languages . Apart from these , German , Yiddish and Romani are recognized minority languages in Scandinavia . The southern and by far most populous regions of Scandinavia have a temperate climate . Scandinavia extends north of the Arctic Circle , but has relatively mild weather for its latitude due to the Gulf Stream . Much of the Scandinavian mountains have an alpine tundra climate . There are many lakes and moraines , legacies of the last glacial period , which ended about ten millennia ago . ", "Kildevældsparken -LRB- English is a small park in the outer Østerbro district of Copenhagen , Denmark . It is bounded by Vognmandsmarken/Bellmansgade and Borgervænget . It has an area of 0.77 hectares and contains a lake . " ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 0, 0 ]

[ "Augustus_Prew", "Edwin_Carewe", "Ludwik_Konarzewski-junior", "Henry_Ryland", "Frederick_Frith" ]

[ "Augustus Prew -LRB- born september 17 , 1987 -RRB- is an English film and television actor . He is known for his roles in the films The Secret of Moonacre -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , Charlie St. Cloud -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , The Borgias -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , Kick-Ass 2 -LRB- 2013 -RRB- , and in the miniseries Klondike -LRB- 2014 -RRB- . He also played Drew Jessup on the TV series 24Seven -LRB- 2001 -- 2002 -RRB- . Prew was born in Westminster , London , England and is the son of Wendy Dagworthy , a fashion designer , and Jonathan W. Prew , a photographer . ", "Edwin Carewe -LRB- March 3 , 1883 -- January 22 , 1940 -RRB- was a Native American motion picture director , actor , producer , and screenwriter . His birth name was Jay John Fox , and born in Gainesville , Texas . His father , Frank Fox , was an intermarried white man in the Chickasaw Nation , and his mother Sallie -LRB- Priddy -RRB- Fox was Chickasaw . Edwin and his two brothers , F. Finis and Wallace Carewe were enrolled members of the Chickasaw Nation . He was likely the most prolific of Native American directors of feature films in Hollywood history . ", "Ludwik Konarzewski -- junior -LRB- April 20 , 1918 in Buzuluk -- January 23 , 1989 in Cieszyn -RRB- was a Polish painter , sculptor and teacher of fine arts who worked in Upper Silesia and Cieszyn Silesia . A square in Rydułtowy is named after him . Konarzewski owed his primary artistic education to his father , Ludwik Konarzewski -- senior . He started his studies -LRB- in painting -RRB- at the Academy of Fine Arts in Kraków in 1938 , and finished in 1948 , being interrupted by the Second World War . He studied under the direction of -LRB- among others -RRB- the following colourist painters : Wladyslaw Jarocki , Fryderyk Pautsch , Jerzy Fedkowicz , Zbigniew Pronaszko , Eugeniusz Eibisch and also , temporarily , Wojciech Weiss . He studied sculpture under Xawery Dunikowski and Stanisław Horno-Popławski . He created outdoor monuments such as the sculpture of Karol Miarka in Zabrze and Silesian Insurgents in Rydułtowy . Konarzewski worked as a teacher in Rydułtowy , near Rybnik for 30 years . He was a director of the state owned Art Centre that he set up with his father . He had an influence on the artistic and esthetic tastes of the local community -- just as his father had done in Istebna in the period between the two wars . He is the creator of at least 1,000 oil paintings , numerous polychromes and artistic elements of church interiors and public buildings in Upper Silesia , and also in the regions around Kraków and Białystok , as well as other places in Poland . Privately - he and his wife Joanna had three children : daughter Iwona Konarzewska -- a portrait painter and two sons : Ludwik -LRB- an entrepreneur -RRB- and Łukasz . ", "Henry Ryland -LRB- 1856 -- 1924 -RRB- was a British painter , book illustrator , decorator and designer . He was the son of John Benjamin and Elizabeth Ryland and was born in Biggleswade , Bedfordshire in 1856 . He studied in London at the South Kensington Art School , and at Heatherley 's . He also studied in Paris under Jean-Joseph Benjamin-Constant , and at the Académie Julian under Gustave Boulanger and Lefebvre . He exhibited at the Grosvenor Gallery , and from 1890 at the Royal Academy . He also was a regular exhibiter at the New Gallery and the Royal Institute of Painters in Water Colours -LRB- formerly the New Society of Painters in Water Colours -RRB- . He became a full member of the latter institution . Although he did paint in oils , he specialized in highly finished watercolour paintings containing images of young women in classical draperies on marble terraces . Subjects of this type were popularized by Lawrence Alma-Tadema , Albert Moore and J. W. Godward . Unlike Moore he rarely painted nudes . His watercolours were widely reproduced as prints . Ryland also designed stained glass and his woodcuts were used in a number of magazines , including the English Illustrated Magazine in the 1880s and 1890s . In 1901 he married Mabel Louise Mann and had one son and one daughter . In 1911 he was living at 32 Fairfax Road , Bedford Park , London , according to Who 's Who . He died on 23 November 1924 . ", "Frederick Frith -LRB- 1819-1871 -RRB- was an English painter and photographer . He began his career in England but later moved to Australia where he lived in Hobart and Melbourne . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Matthew_Vaughn", "Matthew_Reilly", "Matt_Letley", "Matthew_Davies_-LRB-figure_skater-RRB-", "Jacque_Vaughn" ]

[ "Matthew Allard de Vere Drummond -LRB- born Matthew Allard Robert Vaughn ; 7 March 1971 -RRB- is an English film producer , director , and screenwriter . He is best known for producing such films as Lock , Stock and Two Smoking Barrels -LRB- 1998 -RRB- and Snatch -LRB- 2000 -RRB- and directing the films Layer Cake -LRB- 2004 -RRB- , Stardust -LRB- 2007 -RRB- , Kick-Ass -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , X-Men : First Class -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , and Kingsman : The Secret Service -LRB- 2015 -RRB- . ", "Matthew John Reilly -LRB- born 2 July 1974 -RRB- is an Australian action thriller writer . His novels are noted for their fast pace , twisting plots and intense action . ", "Matthew `` Matt '' Letley -LRB- born 29 March 1961 -RRB- is an English rock drummer , most recently in the English rock band , Status Quo . ", "Matthew Davies -LRB- born 4 May 1981 -RRB- is an English former competitive figure skater . He is a two-time British national champion -LRB- 2002 , 2004 -RRB- in men 's singles and reached the free skate at five ISU Championships -- three European Championships and two World Junior Championships . He competed once at the World Championships but did not advance past the short program . ", "Jacque Vaughn -LRB- born February 11 , 1975 -RRB- is an American former professional basketball player and coach who is currently an assistant coach for the Brooklyn Nets of the National Basketball Association -LRB- NBA -RRB- . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "English_Wikipedia", "Persian_Wikipedia", "Canadian_Oxford_Dictionary", "Encarta_Webster's_Dictionary", "Encyclopedia_of_Analytical_Chemistry" ]

[ "The English Wikipedia is the English-language edition of the free online encyclopedia Wikipedia . Founded on 15 January 2001 , it is the first edition of Wikipedia and , as of July 2016 , has the most articles of any of the editions . As of , nearly % of articles in all Wikipedias belong to the English-language edition . This share has gradually declined from more than 50 percent in 2003 , due to the growth of Wikipedias in other languages . There are articles on the site -LRB- live count -RRB- . In October 2015 , the combined text of the English Wikipedia 's articles totalled 11.5 gigabytes when compressed . On 1 November 2015 , the English Wikipedia announced it had reached 5,000,000 articles and ran a special logo to reflect the milestone . The Simple English Wikipedia is a variation in which most of the articles use only basic English vocabulary . There is also the Old English -LRB- Ænglisc / Anglo-Saxon -RRB- Wikipedia -LRB- angwiki -RRB- . Community-produced news publications include The Signpost . ", "The Persian Wikipedia -LRB- ویکی پدیا ، دانشنامهٔ آزاد , Romanized as Wikipediā , Dānešnāme-ye Āzād / `` Wikipedia , The Free Encyclopedia '' -RRB- is the Persian language version of Wikipedia , pronounced `` Wikipedia -LRB- Wikipediā -RRB- '' . The Persian version of Wikipedia was started in December 2003 . It passed 1,000 articles on December 16 , 2004 and 200,000 articles on July 10 , 2012 . ", "The Canadian Oxford Dictionary is a dictionary of Canadian English . First published by Oxford University Press Canada in 1998 , it became a well-known reference for Canadian English . The second edition , published in 2004 , contains about 300,000 entries , including about 2,200 true Canadianisms . It also provides information on Canadian pronunciation and on Canadian spelling , which has features of both British and American spelling : colour , centre , and travelling , but tire , aluminum and realize . ", "The Encarta Webster 's Dictionary of the English Language -LRB- 2004 -RRB- is the second edition of the Encarta World English Dictionary , published in 1999 -LRB- Anne Soukhanov , editor -RRB- . Slightly larger than a college dictionary , it is similar in appearance and scope to the American Heritage Dictionary , which Soukhanov previously edited . Created using the Bloomsbury dictionary database , it draws on English as it is spoken in all parts of the English-speaking world . A distinctive feature of the dictionary is the abbreviated definitions , highlighted prior to the full definition , for a quick glance meaning or to identify the sense being sought . The Encarta name is also used for the abbreviated college dictionary editions . ", "The Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry is an English-language multivolume encyclopedia published by John Wiley & Sons . It is a comprehensive analytical chemistry reference , covering all aspects from theory and instrumentation through applications and techniques . Containing over 600 articles and over 6500 illustrations the 15-volume print edition published in 2000 . The encyclopedia has also been available online since the end of 2006 . Online access to the complete encyclopedia requires a subscription or one-time purchase , but individual articles can be accessed by pay-per-view . Free sample articles are also available . " ]

[ 2, 1, 0, 2, 0 ]

[ "Bengal_tiger", "Bengal", "Tiger", "Bangladesh", "West_Bengal" ]

[ "The Bengal tiger -LRB- Panthera tigris tigris -RRB- is the most numerous tiger subspecies . By 2011 , the total population was estimated at fewer than 2,500 individuals with a decreasing trend . None of the Tiger Conservation Landscapes within the Bengal tiger 's range is considered large enough to support an effective population size of 250 adult individuals . Since 2010 , it is listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List . By 2010 , Bengal tiger populations in India were estimated at 1,706 -- 1,909 . As of 2016 , they had reputedly increased to an estimated 3,890 individuals . Bengal tigers number around 440 in Bangladesh and 163 -- 253 in Nepal . Prior censuses placed the tiger population in Bhutan at around 65 -- 75 individuals . In 2015 , it was estimated that 103 Bengal tigers were living in the country . Bengal is traditionally fixed as the typical locality for the binomen Panthera tigris , to which the British taxonomist Reginald Innes Pocock subordinated the Bengal tiger in 1929 under the trinomen Panthera tigris tigris . The Bengal , Caspian and Siberian tigers , and lion rank among the biggest cats . It is the national animal of both India and Bangladesh . ", "Bengal -LRB- -LSB- bɛŋˈɡɔːl -RSB- বাংলা / বঙ্গ -RRB- is a geopolitical , cultural and historical region in Asia , which is located in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent at the apex of the Bay of Bengal . Geographically , it is made up by the Ganges-Brahmaputra delta system , the largest such formation in the world ; along with mountains in its north -LRB- bordering the Himalayan states -RRB- and east -LRB- bordering Northeast India and Burma -RRB- . Politically , Bengal is divided between the sovereign republic of Bangladesh , which covers two-thirds of the region , and West Bengal , which is a part of the Republic of India , in the western part of the region . In 2011 , the population of Bengal was estimated to be 250 million , making it one of the most densely populated regions in the world . An estimated 160 million people live in Bangladesh , while 91.3 million people live in West Bengal . The predominant ethno-linguistic group are the Bengali people , who speak the Indo-Aryan Bengali language . Bengali Muslims are the majority in Bangladesh . Bengali Hindus are the majority in West Bengal . Outside Bengal proper , the Indian territories of Tripura , Assam and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands , as well as Myanmar 's Rakhine State , are also home to significant communities with Bengali heritage . Dense woodlands , including hilly rainforests , cover Bengal 's northern and eastern areas ; while an elevated forested plateau covers its central area . In the littoral southwest are the Sunderbans , the world 's largest mangrove forest and home of the Bengal tiger . In the coastal southeast lies Cox 's Bazaar , the longest beach in the world at . The region has a monsoon climate , which the Bengali calendar divides into six seasons . Bengal has played a major role in the history of Asia . In antiquity , its kingdoms were known as seafaring nations . At times an independent regional empire , the historical region was a leading power of the Indian subcontinent and the Islamic East . It had extensive trade networks . Bengali culture has been particularly influential in the fields of literature , music , art , architecture , sports , currency , commerce , politics and cuisine . ", "The tiger -LRB- Panthera tigris -RRB- is the largest cat species , most recognisable for their pattern of dark vertical stripes on reddish-orange fur with a lighter underside . The species is classified in the genus Panthera with the lion , leopard , jaguar and snow leopard . Tigers are apex predators , primarily preying on ungulates such as deer and bovids . They are territorial and generally solitary but social animals , often requiring large contiguous areas of habitat that support their prey requirements . This , coupled with the fact that they are indigenous to some of the more densely populated places on Earth , has caused significant conflicts with humans . Tigers once ranged widely across eastern Eurasia , from the Black Sea in the west , to the Indian Ocean in the south , and from Kolyma to Sumatra in the east . Over the past 100 years , they have lost 93 % of their historic range , and have been extirpated from Western and Central Asia , from the islands of Java and Bali , and from large areas of Southeast , Southern and Eastern Asia . Today , they range from the Siberian taiga to open grasslands and tropical mangrove swamps . The remaining six tiger subspecies have been classified as endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature -LRB- IUCN -RRB- . The global population in the wild is estimated to number between 3,062 and 3,948 individuals , down from around 100,000 at the start of the 20th century , with most remaining populations occurring in small pockets isolated from each other , of which about 2,000 exist on the Indian subcontinent . A 2016 global census estimated the population of wild tigers at approximately 3,890 individuals . Major reasons for population decline include habitat destruction , habitat fragmentation and poaching . The extent of area occupied by tigers is estimated at less than 1184911 km2 , a 41 % decline from the area estimated in the mid-1990s . In 2016 , wildlife conservation group at WWF declared that world 's count of wild tigers has risen for the first time in a century . Tigers are among the most recognisable and popular of the world 's charismatic megafauna . They have featured prominently in ancient mythology and folklore , and continue to be depicted in modern films and literature . They appear on many flags , coats of arms , and as mascots for sporting teams . The tiger is the national animal of Bangladesh , India , Malaysia and South Korea . ", "Bangladesh -LRB- -LSB- bæŋɡləˈdɛʃ -RSB- -LSB- ˌbɑːŋɡləˈdɛʃ -RSB- -LSB- : bn : বাংলাদেশ , বাংলাদেশ -RSB- , -LSB- ˈbaŋlad̪eʃ -RSB- , lit . `` The country of Bengal '' -RRB- , officially the People 's Republic of Bangladesh , is a country in South Asia . It shares land borders with India and Myanmar -LRB- Burma -RRB- . Nepal , Bhutan and China are located near Bangladesh but do not share a border with it . The country 's maritime territory in the Bay of Bengal is roughly equal to the size of its land area . Bangladesh is the world 's eighth most populous country . Dhaka is its capital and largest city , followed by Chittagong , which has the country 's largest port . Bangladesh forms the largest and eastern part of the Bengal region . Bangladeshis include people of different ethnic groups and religions . Bengalis , who speak the official Bengali language , make up 98 % of the population . The politically dominant Bengali Muslims make the nation the world 's third largest Muslim-majority country . Most of Bangladesh is covered by the Bengal delta , the largest delta on Earth . The country has 700 rivers and 8,046 km -LRB- 5,000 miles -RRB- of inland waterways . Highlands with evergreen forests are found in the northeastern and southeastern regions of the country . Bangladesh has many islands and a coral reef . It is home to the Sundarbans , the largest mangrove forest in the world . The country 's biodiversity includes a vast array of plant and wildlife , including critically endangered Bengal tigers , the national animal . The Greeks and Romans identified the region as Gangaridai , a powerful kingdom of the historical subcontinent , in the 3rd century BCE . Archaeological research has unearthed several ancient cities in Bangladesh , which had international trade links for millennia . The Bengal Sultanate and Mughal Bengal transformed the region into a cosmopolitan Islamic imperial power between the 14th and 18th centuries . The region was home to many principalities that had inland naval prowess . It was also a notable center of the worldwide muslin and silk trade . As part of British India , the region was influenced by the Bengali renaissance and played an important role in anti-colonial movements . The Partition of British India made East Bengal a part of the Dominion of Pakistan ; and was renamed as East Pakistan . The region witnessed the Bengali Language Movement in 1952 and the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971 . After independence , a parliamentary republic was established . A presidential government was in place between 1975 and 1990 , followed by a return to parliamentary democracy . The country has also been affected by poverty , natural disasters , hunger , dominant party systems and military coups . Bangladesh is a middle power and a major developing nation . Within South Asia , the country ranks first in gender equality , second in foreign exchange earnings and third in life expectancy and peacefulness . Listed as one of the Next Eleven , its economy ranks 46th in terms of nominal gross domestic product -LRB- GDP -RRB- and 29th in terms of purchasing power parity -LRB- PPP -RRB- . It is one of the largest textile exporters in the world . Its major trading partners are the European Union , the United States , China , India , Japan , Malaysia and Singapore . With its strategically vital location between Southern , Eastern and Southeast Asia , Bangladesh is an important promoter of regional connectivity and cooperation . It is a founding member of SAARC , BIMSTEC , the Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar Forum for Regional Cooperation and the Bangladesh Bhutan India Nepal Initiative . It is also a member of the Commonwealth of Nations , the Developing 8 Countries , the OIC , the Non Aligned Movement , the Group of 77 and the World Trade Organization . Bangladesh is one of the largest contributors to United Nations peacekeeping forces . ", "West Bengal -LRB- -LSB- wɛst_bEN ` gawl -RSB- -RRB- is an Indian state , located in Eastern India on the Bay of Bengal . It is India 's fourth-most populous state , with over 91 million inhabitants -LRB- as of 2011 -RRB- . It has an area of 34267 sqmi . A part of the ethno-linguistic Bengal region , it borders Bangladesh in the east , and Nepal and Bhutan in the north ; it borders five Indian states , Odisha , Jharkhand , Bihar , Sikkim and Assam . The state capital is Kolkata -LRB- Calcutta -RRB- , the seventh-largest city in India . The geography of West Bengal includes the Darjeeling Himalayan hill region in its extreme north , the Ganges delta , the Rarh region and the coastal Sundarbans . The main ethnic group are the Bengalis , with Bengali Hindus forming the demographic majority . Ancient Bengal was the site of several major janapadas . In the 2nd century BC , the region was conquered by the emperor Ashoka . In the 4th century AD , it was absorbed into the Gupta Empire . From the 13th century onward , the region was ruled by several sultans , powerful Hindu states and Baro-Bhuyan landlords , until the beginning of British rule in the 18th century . The British East India Company cemented their hold on the region following the Battle of Plassey in 1757 , and Calcutta served for many years as the capital of British India . The early and prolonged exposure to British administration resulted in expansion of Western education , culminating in development in science , institutional education , and social reforms of the region , including what became known as the Bengal Renaissance . A hotbed of the Indian independence movement through the early 20th century , Bengal was divided during India 's independence in 1947 along religious lines into two separate entities : West Bengal -- a state of India -- and East Bengal -- a part of the newly created Pakistan -- later becoming Bangladesh in 1971 . Between 1977 and 2011 , the state was administered by the world 's longest elected Communist government . A major agricultural producer , West Bengal is the sixth-largest contributing state to India 's net domestic product . The state capital Kolkata is known as the `` cultural capital of India '' . The state 's cultural heritage , besides varied folk traditions , ranges from notable authors in literature including Nobel-laureate Rabindranath Tagore to scores of musicians , film-makers and artists . West Bengal is also distinct from most other Indian states in its appreciation and practice of playing association football besides cricket , the national favourite sport . " ]

[ 2, 2, 2, 2, 1 ]

[ "Phoenix,_Arizona", "Arizona", "Phoenix_metropolitan_area", "St._Mary's_High_School_-LRB-Phoenix,_Arizona-RRB-", "Tempe,_Arizona" ]

[ "Phoenix -LRB- -LSB- ˈfiːnᵻks -RSB- -RRB- is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Arizona . With 1,615,017 people , Phoenix is the fifth most populous city nationwide , the most populous state capital in the United States , and the only state capital with a population of more than one million residents . Phoenix is the anchor of the Phoenix metropolitan area , also known as the Valley of the Sun , which in turn is a part of the Salt River Valley . The metropolitan area is the 12th largest by population in the United States , with approximately 4.3 million people . In addition , Phoenix is the seat of Maricopa County and , at 517.9 square miles -LRB- 1,341 km2 -RRB- , it is the largest city in the state , more than twice the size of Tucson and one of the largest cities in the United States . Settled in 1867 as an agricultural community near the confluence of the Salt and Gila Rivers , Phoenix incorporated as a city in 1881 . Located in the northeastern reaches of the Sonoran Desert , Phoenix has a subtropical desert climate . Despite this , its canal system led to a thriving farming community , many of the original crops remaining important parts of the Phoenix economy for decades , such as alfalfa , cotton , citrus , and hay -LRB- which was important for the cattle industry -RRB- . In fact , the `` Five C 's '' -LRB- Cotton , Cattle , Citrus , Climate , and Copper -RRB- , remained the driving forces of Phoenix 's economy until after World War II , when high-tech industries began to move into the valley and air conditioning made residences much more comfortable in the very hot summers . The city averaged a four percent annual population growth rate over a 40-year period from the mid-1960s to the mid-2000s . This growth rate slowed during the Great Recession of 2007 -- 09 , and has rebounded slowly . Phoenix is the cultural center of the Valley of the Sun , as well as the entire state . ", "Arizona -LRB- -LSB- ɛərᵻˈzoʊnə , _ ærᵻ - -RSB- -RRB- -LRB- Hoozdo Hahoodzo -LSB- xòːztò xɑ̀xòːtsò -RSB- O'odham : Alĭ ṣonak -LSB- ˡaɺi ˡʃonak -RSB- -RRB- is a state in the southwestern region of the United States . It is also part of the Western and the Mountain states . It is the sixth largest and the 14th most populous of the 50 states . Its capital and largest city is Phoenix . Arizona is one of the Four Corners states . It has borders with New Mexico , Utah , Nevada , California , and Mexico , and one point in common with the southwestern corner of Colorado . Arizona 's border with Mexico is 389 miles -LRB- 626 km -RRB- long , on the northern border of the Mexican states of Sonora and Baja California . Arizona is the 48th state and last of the contiguous states to be admitted to the Union , achieving statehood on February 14 , 1912 . Historically part of the territory of Alta California in New Spain , it became part of independent Mexico in 1821 . After being defeated in the Mexican -- American War , Mexico ceded much of this territory to the United States in 1848 . The southernmost portion of the state was acquired in 1853 through the Gadsden Purchase . Southern Arizona is known for its desert climate , with very hot summers and mild winters . Northern Arizona features forests of pine , Douglas fir , and spruce trees ; the Colorado Plateau ; some mountain ranges -LRB- such as the San Francisco Mountains -RRB- ; as well as large , deep canyons , with much more moderate summer temperatures and significant winter snowfalls . There are ski resorts in the areas of Flagstaff , Alpine , and Tucson . In addition to the Grand Canyon National Park , there are several national forests , national parks , and national monuments . About one-quarter of the state is made up of Indian reservations that serve as the home of 27 federally recognized Native American tribes , including the Navajo Nation , the largest in the state and the United States , with more than 300,000 citizens . Although federal law gave all Native Americans the right to vote in 1924 , Arizona excluded those living on reservations from voting until its state Supreme Court ruled in 1948 in favor of Native American plaintiffs . ", "The Phoenix Metropolitan Area -- often referred to as the Valley of the Sun , the Salt River Valley or Metro Phoenix -- is a metropolitan area , centered on the city of Phoenix , that includes much of the central part of the U.S. State of Arizona . The United States Census Bureau designates the area as the Phoenix-Mesa-Chandler Metropolitan Statistical Area -LRB- MSA -RRB- , defining it as Maricopa and Pinal counties . As of the Census Bureau 's 2015 population estimates , the Valley had 4,574,351 residents , making it the 12th largest Metropolitan Area in the nation by population . The gross domestic product of the Phoenix Metropolitan Area was $ 215 billion in 2014 , 15th largest amongst metro areas in the United States . It is also one of the fastest growing major metropolitan areas , gaining nearly 400,000 residents from 2010 to 2015 , and more than 1.3 million since 2000 . The population of the Phoenix Metropolitan Area increased by 45.3 % from 1990 through 2000 , compared to the average United States rate of 13.2 % , helping to make Arizona the second fastest growing state in the nation in the 1990s -LRB- the fastest was Nevada -RRB- . The 2000 Census reported the population of the metropolitan area to be 3,251,876 . As for the 2010 Census , the two-county metropolitan area was reported to have a population of 4,192,887 . Metro Phoenix grew by 941,011 people from April 2000 to April 2010 , making it one of the fastest growing metro areas in the country . This also contributed to the entire state 's exceptional growth , as the area is home to just over two-thirds of Arizona 's population . ", "St. Mary 's Catholic High School is a private , Roman Catholic high school in Phoenix , Arizona , United States . It is located in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Phoenix . ", "Tempe -LRB- -LSB- tɛmˈpiː -RSB- ; Oidbaḍ in Pima -RRB- , also known as Hayden 's Ferry during the territorial times of Arizona , is a city in Maricopa County , Arizona , United States , with the Census Bureau reporting a 2010 population of 161,719 . The city is named after the Vale of Tempe in Greece . Tempe is located in the East Valley section of metropolitan Phoenix ; it is bordered by Phoenix and Guadalupe on the west , Scottsdale on the north , Chandler on the south , and Mesa on the east . Tempe is also the location of Arizona State University . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "Phoenix,_Arizona", "Arizona", "Phoenix_metropolitan_area", "St._Mary's_High_School_-LRB-Phoenix,_Arizona-RRB-", "Tempe,_Arizona" ]

[ "Phoenix -LRB- -LSB- ˈfiːnᵻks -RSB- -RRB- is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Arizona . With 1,615,017 people , Phoenix is the fifth most populous city nationwide , the most populous state capital in the United States , and the only state capital with a population of more than one million residents . Phoenix is the anchor of the Phoenix metropolitan area , also known as the Valley of the Sun , which in turn is a part of the Salt River Valley . The metropolitan area is the 12th largest by population in the United States , with approximately 4.3 million people . In addition , Phoenix is the seat of Maricopa County and , at 517.9 square miles -LRB- 1,341 km2 -RRB- , it is the largest city in the state , more than twice the size of Tucson and one of the largest cities in the United States . Settled in 1867 as an agricultural community near the confluence of the Salt and Gila Rivers , Phoenix incorporated as a city in 1881 . Located in the northeastern reaches of the Sonoran Desert , Phoenix has a subtropical desert climate . Despite this , its canal system led to a thriving farming community , many of the original crops remaining important parts of the Phoenix economy for decades , such as alfalfa , cotton , citrus , and hay -LRB- which was important for the cattle industry -RRB- . In fact , the `` Five C 's '' -LRB- Cotton , Cattle , Citrus , Climate , and Copper -RRB- , remained the driving forces of Phoenix 's economy until after World War II , when high-tech industries began to move into the valley and air conditioning made residences much more comfortable in the very hot summers . The city averaged a four percent annual population growth rate over a 40-year period from the mid-1960s to the mid-2000s . This growth rate slowed during the Great Recession of 2007 -- 09 , and has rebounded slowly . Phoenix is the cultural center of the Valley of the Sun , as well as the entire state . ", "Arizona -LRB- -LSB- ɛərᵻˈzoʊnə , _ ærᵻ - -RSB- -RRB- -LRB- Hoozdo Hahoodzo -LSB- xòːztò xɑ̀xòːtsò -RSB- O'odham : Alĭ ṣonak -LSB- ˡaɺi ˡʃonak -RSB- -RRB- is a state in the southwestern region of the United States . It is also part of the Western and the Mountain states . It is the sixth largest and the 14th most populous of the 50 states . Its capital and largest city is Phoenix . Arizona is one of the Four Corners states . It has borders with New Mexico , Utah , Nevada , California , and Mexico , and one point in common with the southwestern corner of Colorado . Arizona 's border with Mexico is 389 miles -LRB- 626 km -RRB- long , on the northern border of the Mexican states of Sonora and Baja California . Arizona is the 48th state and last of the contiguous states to be admitted to the Union , achieving statehood on February 14 , 1912 . Historically part of the territory of Alta California in New Spain , it became part of independent Mexico in 1821 . After being defeated in the Mexican -- American War , Mexico ceded much of this territory to the United States in 1848 . The southernmost portion of the state was acquired in 1853 through the Gadsden Purchase . Southern Arizona is known for its desert climate , with very hot summers and mild winters . Northern Arizona features forests of pine , Douglas fir , and spruce trees ; the Colorado Plateau ; some mountain ranges -LRB- such as the San Francisco Mountains -RRB- ; as well as large , deep canyons , with much more moderate summer temperatures and significant winter snowfalls . There are ski resorts in the areas of Flagstaff , Alpine , and Tucson . In addition to the Grand Canyon National Park , there are several national forests , national parks , and national monuments . About one-quarter of the state is made up of Indian reservations that serve as the home of 27 federally recognized Native American tribes , including the Navajo Nation , the largest in the state and the United States , with more than 300,000 citizens . Although federal law gave all Native Americans the right to vote in 1924 , Arizona excluded those living on reservations from voting until its state Supreme Court ruled in 1948 in favor of Native American plaintiffs . ", "The Phoenix Metropolitan Area -- often referred to as the Valley of the Sun , the Salt River Valley or Metro Phoenix -- is a metropolitan area , centered on the city of Phoenix , that includes much of the central part of the U.S. State of Arizona . The United States Census Bureau designates the area as the Phoenix-Mesa-Chandler Metropolitan Statistical Area -LRB- MSA -RRB- , defining it as Maricopa and Pinal counties . As of the Census Bureau 's 2015 population estimates , the Valley had 4,574,351 residents , making it the 12th largest Metropolitan Area in the nation by population . The gross domestic product of the Phoenix Metropolitan Area was $ 215 billion in 2014 , 15th largest amongst metro areas in the United States . It is also one of the fastest growing major metropolitan areas , gaining nearly 400,000 residents from 2010 to 2015 , and more than 1.3 million since 2000 . The population of the Phoenix Metropolitan Area increased by 45.3 % from 1990 through 2000 , compared to the average United States rate of 13.2 % , helping to make Arizona the second fastest growing state in the nation in the 1990s -LRB- the fastest was Nevada -RRB- . The 2000 Census reported the population of the metropolitan area to be 3,251,876 . As for the 2010 Census , the two-county metropolitan area was reported to have a population of 4,192,887 . Metro Phoenix grew by 941,011 people from April 2000 to April 2010 , making it one of the fastest growing metro areas in the country . This also contributed to the entire state 's exceptional growth , as the area is home to just over two-thirds of Arizona 's population . ", "St. Mary 's Catholic High School is a private , Roman Catholic high school in Phoenix , Arizona , United States . It is located in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Phoenix . ", "Tempe -LRB- -LSB- tɛmˈpiː -RSB- ; Oidbaḍ in Pima -RRB- , also known as Hayden 's Ferry during the territorial times of Arizona , is a city in Maricopa County , Arizona , United States , with the Census Bureau reporting a 2010 population of 161,719 . The city is named after the Vale of Tempe in Greece . Tempe is located in the East Valley section of metropolitan Phoenix ; it is bordered by Phoenix and Guadalupe on the west , Scottsdale on the north , Chandler on the south , and Mesa on the east . Tempe is also the location of Arizona State University . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "Scream_2", "Scream_-LRB-1996_film-RRB-", "Scream_-LRB-franchise-RRB-", "Dance_for_Me", "Rave" ]

[ "Scream 2 is a 1997 American slasher film directed by Wes Craven and written by Kevin Williamson . It stars David Arquette , Neve Campbell , Courteney Cox , Sarah Michelle Gellar , Jamie Kennedy , Laurie Metcalf , Jerry O'Connell , Jada Pinkett and Liev Schreiber . The film was released on December 12 , 1997 by Dimension Films as the second installment in the Scream film series . Scream 2 takes place one year after Scream and again follows the character of Sidney Prescott -LRB- Campbell -RRB- , now a student at the fictional Windsor College , who becomes the target of a copycat killer using the guise of Ghostface . Sidney is accompanied by film-geek Randy Meeks -LRB- Kennedy -RRB- , retired deputy sheriff Dewey Riley -LRB- Arquette -RRB- and news reporter Gale Weathers -LRB- Cox -RRB- . Like its predecessor , Scream 2 combines the violence of the slasher genre with elements of comedy and `` whodunit '' mystery while satirizing the cliché of film sequels . The film was followed by two sequels , Scream 3 -LRB- 2000 -RRB- and Scream 4 -LRB- 2011 -RRB- . Williamson provided a five-page outline for a sequel to Scream when auctioning his original script , hoping to entice bidders with the potential of buying a franchise . Following a successful test screening of Scream and the film 's financial and critical success , Dimension moved forward with the sequel while Scream was still in theaters , with the principal cast all returning to star , Craven to direct and Beltrami to provide music . The film suffered controversy following its significant issues with plot information leaking onto the Internet , revealing the identity of the killers . Combined with the film 's rushed schedule , the script was rewritten often ; pages were sometimes completed on the day of filming . Despite these issues , Scream 2 earned $ 172 million , received several awards and nominations . The film also received positive reviews , with some critics arguing that the sequel surpassed the original in terms of quality . Beltrami received positive critical reception for his score for evolving the musical themes of the characters created in Scream although some critics claimed that the most memorable pieces from the film were created by composers Danny Elfman and Hans Zimmer . Elfman 's contribution had been specially written for the film , but Zimmer 's score for Broken Arrow was controversially used in the film , replacing Beltrami 's own work . The soundtrack received negative feedback from reviewers but achieved moderate sales success , reaching # 50 on the Billboard 200 . ", "Scream is a 1996 American slasher film written by Kevin Williamson and directed by Wes Craven . The film stars David Arquette , Neve Campbell , Courteney Cox , Matthew Lillard , Rose McGowan , Skeet Ulrich , and Drew Barrymore . Released on December 20 , 1996 , Scream follows the character of Sidney Prescott -LRB- Campbell -RRB- , a high school student in the fictional town of Woodsboro , California , who becomes the target of a mysterious killer known as Ghostface . The film combined black comedy and `` whodunit '' mystery with the violence of the slasher genre to satirize the clichés of the horror film genre popularized in films such as Halloween and Friday the 13th . The film was considered unique at the time of its release for featuring characters who were aware of real world horror films and openly discussed the clichés that Scream attempted to subvert . Based partly on the real life case of the Gainesville Ripper , Scream was inspired by Williamson 's passion for horror films , especially Halloween -LRB- 1978 -RRB- . The script , originally titled Scary Movie , was bought by Dimension Films and was retitled by the Weinstein Brothers just before filming was complete . The production faced censorship issues with the Motion Picture Association of America and obstacles from locals while filming on location . The film went on to financial and critical acclaim , earning $ 173 million worldwide , and became the highest-grossing slasher film in the US in unadjusted dollars . It received several awards and award nominations . The soundtrack by Marco Beltrami was also acclaimed , and was cited as '' -LSB- one -RSB- of the most intriguing horror scores composed in years . '' It has since earned `` cult status . '' Scream marked a change in the genre as it cast already-established and successful actors , which was considered to have helped it find a wider audience , including a significant female viewership . Scream was credited with revitalizing the horror genre in the 1990s , which was considered to be almost dead following an influx of direct-to-video titles and numerous sequels to established horror franchises of the 1970s and 1980s . These sequels drew decreasing financial and critical success , as they exploited clichés upon which films in the genre had become reliant . Screams success spawned a series of sequels , though only Scream 2 , released in 1997 , achieved a level of commercial and critical success equal to the original film . In the years following the release of Scream , the film was accused of inspiring and even inducing violent crimes and murders . ", "Scream is an American horror franchise created by Kevin Williamson and Wes Craven . Starring Neve Campbell , Courteney Cox , and David Arquette , the film series grossed over $ 604 million in worldwide box-office receipts and consists of four motion pictures directed by Craven . The first series entry , Scream , was released on December 20 , 1996 and is currently the highest-grossing slasher film in the United States . The second entry Scream 2 was released on December 12 , 1997 followed by a third installment , Scream 3 , released February 4 , 2000 . Eleven years after the previous film , Scream 4 was released on April 15 , 2011 . The films follow Sidney Prescott , and her war against a succession of murderers who adopt the guise of Ghostface to stalk and torment their victims . Sidney receives support in the films from town deputy Dewey Riley , reporter Gale Weathers , and film-geek Randy Meeks . A tv spin off of the series was released by MTV on June 30 , 2015 . The series follows different characters and new storylines , not connected to the film series . Williamson 's original script was bought by Miramax and developed under the Dimension Films label by Bob and Harvey Weinstein , who recruited Craven to direct , who in turn recruited composer Marco Beltrami to score the film . This team went on to be involved in each film in the series though Williamson was forced to take a smaller role for Scream 3 , writing only a brief plot outline due to his commitments to other projects , with Ehren Kruger replacing him as screenwriter . The series ' violence resulted in conflicts with the Motion Picture Association of America and news media concerning censorship resulting in a reduction of violence and gore in Scream 3 when the Columbine High School massacre brought increased focus on the media 's influence on society . Scream became notable for its use of established and recognizable actors which was uncommon for horror films at the time , yet has since become common in part due to Scream 's success . The series , particularly the first two films , has received significant critical acclaim . Scream has been credited with revitalizing the horror genre in the late 90s by combining a traditional slasher film with humor , awareness of horror film cliché and a clever plot . Scream was one of the highest-grossing films of 1996 and became , and remains , the highest grossing slasher film in the world . Its success was matched by Scream 2 which not only broke box-office records of the time , but was also argued by some critics to actually be superior to the original . Scream 3 fared worse than its predecessors , both critically and financially , with critics commenting that it had become the type of horror film it originally parodied in Scream . It did , however , receive some positive response , with claims that it was the perfect end to the trilogy . The film series has been the recipient of several awards including a Saturn Award for Best Actress and MTV Movie Award for Best Female Performance for Campbell and Best Horror Film for Scream . ", "Dance For Me or Dance 4 Me may refer to : ", "A rave -LRB- from the verb : rave #English -RRB- is a large dance party at a nightclub , dance club or festival featuring performances by DJs , who select and mix a seamless flow of loud electronic dance music songs and tracks . DJs at rave events play electronic dance music on vinyl , CDs and digital audio from a wide range of genres , including acid house , acid trance , hardcore , breakbeat , UK garage , and free tekno . Occasionally live performers playing synthesizer or other electronic instruments will play electronic music . The music is amplified with a large , powerful sound reinforcement system , typically with huge subwoofers to produce a deep bass sound . The music is often accompanied by laser light shows , projected coloured images , visual effects and fog machines . The word `` rave '' was first used in the late 1980s to describe the culture that started at many Midlands Universities including : Wolvehampton , Coventry and De Montfort University movement . While some raves may be small parties held at nightclubs or private homes , some raves have grown to immense size , such as the large festivals and events featuring multiple DJs and dance areas -LRB- e.g. , the Castlemorton Common Festival in 1992 -RRB- . Some electronic dance music festivals have features of raves , but on a larger , often commercial scale . Raves may last for a long time , with some events continuing for twenty-four hours , and lasting all through the night . Law enforcement raids and anti-rave laws have been used against the rave scene in many countries . This is due to the association of illegal club drugs such as MDMA -LRB- ecstasy -RRB- and party drugs -LRB- such as BZP -RRB- , and the use of non-authorized , secret venues for some raves , such as squat parties at unused warehouses or aircraft hangars . In part , this is due to the media attention and moral panic that has arisen when ever rave participants have adverse drug reactions . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 2 ]

[ "Hezbollah", "People's_Movement_-LRB-Lebanon-RRB-", "Palestinian_insurgency_in_South_Lebanon", "Siniora_Plan", "Outline_of_Syria" ]

[ "Hezbollah -LRB- pronounced -LSB- ˌhɛzbəˈlɑː -RSB- حزب الله , literally `` Party of Allah '' or `` Party of God '' -RRB- -- also transliterated Hizbullah , Hizballah , etc. -- is a Shi'a Islamist militant group and political party based in Lebanon . Hezbollah 's paramilitary wing is the Jihad Council , and its political wing is Loyalty to the Resistance Bloc party in the Lebanese parliament . After the death of Abbas al-Musawi in 1992 , the group has been headed by Hassan Nasrallah , its Secretary-General . After the Israeli invasion of Lebanon in 1982 in support of the Free Lebanon State , Israel occupied a strip of south Lebanon , which was controlled by the South Lebanon Army -LRB- SLA -RRB- , a Lebanese Christian militia supported by Israel . Hezbollah was conceived by Muslim clerics and funded by Iran primarily to harass the Israeli occupation . Its leaders were followers of Ayatollah Khomeini , and its forces were trained and organized by a contingent of 1,500 Revolutionary Guards that arrived from Iran with permission from the Syrian government , which was in occupation of Lebanon at the time . Hezbollah 's 1985 manifesto listed its objectives as the expulsion of `` the Americans , the French and their allies definitely from Lebanon , putting an end to any colonialist entity on our land '' , submission of the Phalangists to `` just power '' and bringing them to justice `` for the crimes they have perpetrated against Muslims and Christians '' , and permitting `` all the sons of our people '' to choose the form of government they want , while calling on them to `` pick the option of Islamic government '' . Hezbollah waged a guerilla campaign in South Lebanon and as a result , Israel withdrew from Lebanon on May 24 , 2000 , and SLA collapsed and surrendered . Backed by Iran , Hezbollah fighters fought against Serbian forces during the Bosnian War . Hezbollah 's military strength has grown so significantly that its paramilitary wing is considered more powerful than the Lebanese Army . Hezbollah has been described as a `` state within a state '' , and has grown into an organization with seats in the Lebanese government , a radio and a satellite TV station , social services and large-scale military deployment of fighters beyond Lebanon 's borders . Hezbollah is part of the March 8 Alliance within Lebanon , in opposition to the March 14 Alliance . Hezbollah maintains strong support among Lebanon 's Shi'a population , while Sunnis have disagreed with the group 's agenda . Hezbollah receives military training , weapons , and financial support from Iran , and political support from Syria . Hezbollah and Israel fought each other in the 2006 Lebanon War . After the 2006 -- 08 Lebanese protests and clashes , a national unity government was formed in 2008 , with Hezbollah and its opposition allies obtaining eleven of thirty cabinets seats , which gives them veto power . In August 2008 , Lebanon 's new Cabinet unanimously approved a draft policy statement which recognized Hezbollah 's existence as an armed organization and guarantees its right to `` liberate or recover occupied lands '' -LRB- such as the Shebaa Farms -RRB- . Since 2012 , Hezbollah has helped the Syrian government during the Syrian civil war in its fight against the Syrian opposition , which Hezbollah has described as a Zionist plot and a `` Wahhabi-Zionist conspiracy '' to destroy its alliance with Assad against Israel . It has deployed its militia in both Syria and Iraq to fight or train local forces to fight against ISIS . Once seen as a resistance movement throughout much of the Arab world , this image upon which the group 's legitimacy rested has been severely damaged due to the sectarian nature of the Syrian Civil War in which it has become embroiled . Hezbollah 's status as a legitimate political party , a terrorist group , a resistance movement , or some combination thereof is a contentious issue . The Arab League , United States , France , the Gulf Cooperation Council , Australia , Canada , the Netherlands , and Israel have classified Hezbollah as a terrorist organization . The European Union , New Zealand and the United Kingdom have proscribed Hezbollah 's military wing as a terrorist organization , while making a distinction with Hezbollah 's political wing . Russia considers Hezbollah a legitimate sociopolitical organization . The People 's Republic of China remains neutral , and maintains contacts with Hezbollah . ", "The People 's Movement of Lebanon -LRB- PML , حركة الشعب Harakat Al-Shaeb , Arabic acronym HSB -RRB- is a democratic leftist political party with no seats in the Lebanese Parliament . The party 's founder , Najah Wakim , won parliamentary representation in 1972 , but boycotted elections in 2000 and failed to win afterward , leaving the party with no representation in government . The party was founded in 2000 and has recently elected a new leader , Ibrahim al-Halabi . It is a member of the March 8 Alliance governmentary coalition , and pushes democratic ideals while being popular with the younger , student generation , especially those at the American University of Beirut . The People 's Movement opposes the economic policies of Rafik Hariri and his Future Movement and adopts radical alter-globalist , anti-American and anti-Israeli positions . The Movement is now part of the Lebanese opposition against the March 14 Alliance and is allied to Hezbollah , the Free Patriotic Movement , the Syrian Social Nationalist Party , the Lebanese Communist Party , the Marada Movement and several other smaller parties . The party 's main ideas deal with the reformation of the Lebanese political system and strengthened relations between Arab countries . ", "The Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon was a conflict initiated by Palestinian militants based in South Lebanon upon Israel since 1968 , which evolved into the wider Lebanese Civil War in 1975 and lasted until the expulsion of the Palestinian Liberation Organization from Lebanon in the 1982 Lebanon War . Though the PFLP and some other Palestinian factions continued a low-level military activities against Israel from Lebanese soil , after 1982 , the conflict is considered to have shifted from Israeli -- Palestinian to Israel -- Hezbollah conflict . The South Lebanon insurgency , which peaked through the 1970s , claimed hundreds of Israeli and Palestinian military and civilian lives , and is considered among the key elements to starting the Lebanese Civil War . ", "The Siniora Plan was the unofficial name of the 7-point truce plan for the 2006 Lebanon War -LRB- the July War -RRB- that was presented by Lebanon 's Prime Minister Fuad Siniora at the 15-nation conference in Rome on 27 July 2006 . The Siniora Plan called for a mutual release of Lebanese and Israeli prisoners and detainees , an immediate withdrawal of the Israeli ground troops behind the Blue Line , that the disputed Shebaa Farms area would be placed under UN jurisdiction until the ownership issue had been settled , that Israel handed over all remaining maps showing their landmines in southern Lebanon , that the Lebanese army took full control over southern Lebanon , and that a strong multi-national force under the UN is given the necessary powers -LRB- including operating under Chapter 7 of the UN Charter , which allows the use of force -RRB- to guarantee stability and security . On 4 August , the United States and France presented a draft UN Security Council resolution attempting to resolve the conflict . Contrary to the Siniora Plan , the draft resolution did not require Israel to withdraw from southern Lebanon until an international force was in place ; it said that Israel needed only to cease all `` offensive '' military activities , while it demanded that Hezbollah cease all military activities ; and it demanded that Hezbollah immediately released captured Israelis , while stating that the issue regarding captured Lebanese was to be resolved at a later stage . Lebanon 's reaction to the draft was very negative . On 7 August , at an emergency meeting of the Arab League in Beirut , the Siniora Plan was further detailed , by specifying that 15,000 Lebanese Army troops would fill the void in southern Lebanon between an Israeli withdrawal and the arrival of the international force . This way , the Lebanese government hoped to dispel the claim that the Israeli forces had to remain in Lebanon until the international force had arrived , and thus make the Siniora Plan a more viable alternative to the draft UN resolution . The number of soldiers corresponded with what Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert earlier had said that the size of the international force would need to be . The Siniora Plan received the backing of the EU and the Arab League , including countries such as Syria and Jordan . It was also supported by Hezbollah , while it was disliked by Iran . Initially , Israel did n't like the Siniora Plan , but when the 15,000 Lebanese troops were added , the Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert called it `` an interesting step '' . On 8 August , a delegation from the Arab League visited the United Nations to urge for changes of the draft resolution in accordance with the Siniora Plan . The Arab view caused France to change its view on the draft proposal , and a growing rift between France and the US was reported , with France threatening to put forward a new draft resolution if the current one was n't revised to reflect important elements of the Siniora Plan . On 11 August , a much revised draft resolution was presented , incorporating many elements from the Siniora Plan . It was adopted unanimously by the UN Security Council as United Nations Security Council Resolution 1701 . On 12 August , both the Lebanese government and Hezbollah accepted the UN resolution , and on 13 August the Israeli government did the same . Below is the official English wording of the Siniora Plan , from the Lebanese government 's `` Rebuild Lebanon '' website : An undertaking to release the Lebanese and Israeli prisoners and detainees through the ICRC . The withdrawal of the Israeli army behind the Blue Line , and the return of the displaced to their villages . A commitment from the Security Council to place the Shebaa Farms area and the Kfarshouba Hills under UN jurisdiction until border delineation and Lebanese sovereignty over them are fully settled . While in UN custody , the area will be accessible to Lebanese property owners there . Further , Israel surrenders all remaining landmine maps in South Lebanon to the UN . The Lebanese government extends its authority over its territory through its own legitimate armed forces , such that there will be no weapons or authority other than that of the Lebanese state as stipulated in the Taef national reconciliation document . The UN international force , operating in South Lebanon , is supplemented and enhanced in numbers , equipment , mandate and scope of operation , as needed , in order to undertake urgent humanitarian and relief work and guarantee stability and security in the south so that those who fled their homes can return . The UN , in cooperation with the relevant parties , undertakes the necessary measures to once again put into effect the Armistice Agreement signed by Lebanon and Israel in 1949 , and to insure adherence to the provisions of that agreement , as well as to explore possible amendments to or development of said provisions , as necessary . The international community commits to support Lebanon on all levels , and to assist it in facing the tremendous burden resulting from the human , social and economic tragedy which has afflicted the country , especially in the areas of relief , reconstruction and rebuilding of the national economy . ", "The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Syria : Syria -- country in Western Asia , that borders Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the West , Turkey to the north , Iraq to the east , Jordan to the south and Israel to the southwest . Civilization in Syria was one of the most ancient on earth . Syria is part of the Fertile Crescent , and from approximately 10,000 BCE it was one of the centers of Neolithic culture where agriculture and cattle breeding appeared for the first time in the world . Over the millennia , Syria has been conquered and settled by many different peoples . A country of fertile plains , high mountains and deserts , it is home to diverse ethnic and religious groups , including Syriacs , Assyrians , Kurds , Circassians , Armenians , Druze , Alawite , Christians , Shias and Sunnis . The latter make up the majority of the population . Since March 2011 , Syria has been embroiled in civil war in the wake of uprisings -LRB- considered an extension of the Arab Spring , the mass movement of revolutions and protests in the Arab world -RRB- against Assad and the neo-Ba ` athist government . The opposition Syrian National Coalition selected Ghassan Hitto as prime minister of a rival provisional government on March 19 , 2013 after being invited to do so by several foreign governments and the Arab League . " ]

[ 2, 2, 0, 2, 0 ]

[ "Hebe_-LRB-mythology-RRB-", "Zeus", "Twelve_Olympians", "Hephaestus", "Hemera" ]

[ "Hebe -LRB- -LSB- ˈhiːbi -RSB- Ἥβη -RRB- in ancient Greek religion , is the goddess of youth -LRB- Roman equivalent : Juventas -RRB- . She is the daughter of Zeus and Hera . Hebe was the cupbearer for the gods and goddesses of Mount Olympus , serving their nectar and ambrosia , until she was married to Heracles -LRB- Roman equivalent : Hercules -RRB- ; her successor was the divine hero Ganymede . Another title of hers , for this reason , is Ganymeda . She also drew baths for her brother Ares and helped Hera enter her chariot . Hebe was supposed to have the power to give eternal youth , and in art is typically seen with her father in the guise of an eagle , often offering a cup to him . This depiction is seen in classical engraved gems as well as later art and seems to relate to a belief that the eagle -LRB- like the phoenix -RRB- had the ability to renew itself to a youthful state . ", "Zeus -LSB- ˈzju : s -RSB- -LRB- Ζεύς , Zeús , -LSB- zdeǔ̯s -RSB- Modern Δίας , Días -LSB- ˈði.as -RSB- -RRB- is the sky and thunder god in ancient Greek religion , who ruled as king of the gods of Mount Olympus . His name is cognate with the first element of his Roman equivalent Jupiter . His mythologies and powers are similar , though not identical , to those of the Indo-European deities such as Indra , Jupiter , Perun , Thor , and Odin . Zeus is the child of Cronus and Rhea , the youngest of his siblings to be born , though sometimes reckoned the eldest as the others required disgorging from Cronus 's stomach . In most traditions , he is married to Hera , by whom he is usually said to have fathered Ares , Hebe , and Hephaestus . At the oracle of Dodona , his consort was said to be Dione , by whom the Iliad states that he fathered Aphrodite . Zeus was also infamous for his erotic escapades . These resulted in many godly and heroic offspring , including Athena , Apollo , Artemis , Hermes , Persephone , Dionysus , Perseus , Heracles , Helen of Troy , Minos , and the Muses . He was respected as an allfather who was chief of the gods and assigned the others to their roles : `` Even the gods who are not his natural children address him as Father , and all the gods rise in his presence . '' He was equated with many foreign weather gods , permitting Pausanias to observe `` That Zeus is king in heaven is a saying common to all men '' . Zeus ' symbols are the thunderbolt , eagle , bull , and oak . In addition to his Indo-European inheritance , the classical `` cloud-gatherer '' -LRB- Greek : Νεφεληγερέτα , Nephelēgereta -RRB- also derives certain iconographic traits from the cultures of the ancient Near East , such as the scepter . Zeus is frequently depicted by Greek artists in one of two poses : standing , striding forward with a thunderbolt leveled in his raised right hand , or seated in majesty . ", "In the ancient Greek religion and Greek mythology , the Twelve Olympians are the major deities of the Greek pantheon , commonly considered to be Zeus , Hera , Poseidon , Demeter , Athena , Apollo , Artemis , Ares , Aphrodite , Hephaestus , Hermes , and either Hestia or Dionysus . Hades and Persephone were sometimes included as part of the twelve Olympians -LRB- primarily due to the influence of the Eleusinian Mysteries -RRB- , although in general Hades was excluded , because he resided permanently in the underworld and never visited Olympus . ", "Hephaestus -LRB- -LSB- hɪˈfiːstəs -RSB- , -LSB- həˈfɛstəs -RSB- or -LSB- hᵻˈfɛstəs -RSB- Hephaestus #Alternative spellings ; Ancient Greek : Ἥφαιστος Hēphaistos -RRB- is the Greek god of blacksmiths , craftsmen , artisans , sculptors , metals , metallurgy , fire and volcanoes . Hephaestus ' Roman equivalent is Vulcan . In Greek mythology , Hephaestus was the son of Zeus and Hera , the king and queen of the gods . In another version , he was Hera 's parthenogenous child , rejected by his mother because of his deformity and thrown off Mount Olympus and down to earth . As a smithing god , Hephaestus made all the weapons of the gods in Olympus . He served as the blacksmith of the gods , and was worshipped in the manufacturing and industrial centers of Greece , particularly Athens . The cult of Hephaestus was based in Lemnos . Hephaestus ' symbols are a smith 's hammer , anvil , and a pair of tongs . ", "In Greek mythology Hemera -LRB- -LSB- ˈhɛmərə -RSB- Ἡμέρα -LSB- hɛːméra -RSB- `` day '' -RRB- was the personification of day and one of the Greek primordial deities . She is the goddess of the daytime and , according to Hesiod , the daughter of Erebus and Nyx -LRB- the goddess of night -RRB- . Hemera is remarked upon in Cicero 's De Natura Deorum , where it is logically determined that Dies -LRB- Hemera -RRB- must be a god , if Uranus is a god . The poet Bacchylides states that Nyx and Chronos are the parents , but Hyginus in his preface to the Fabulae mentions Chaos as the mother/father and Nyx as her sister . She was the female counterpart of her brother and consort , Aether -LRB- Light -RRB- , but neither of them figured actively in myth or cult . Hyginus lists their children as Uranus , Gaia , and Thalassa -LRB- the primordial sea goddess -RRB- , while Hesiod only lists Thalassa as their child . According to Hesiod 's Theogony , Hemera left Tartarus just as Nyx entered it ; when Hemera returned , Nyx left : `` Nyx and Hemera draw near and greet one another as they pass the great threshold of bronze : and while the one is about to go down into the house , the other comes out at the door . '' Pausanias seems to confuse her with Eos when saying that she carried Cephalus away . Pausanias makes this identification with Eos upon looking at the tiling of the royal portico in Athens , where the myth of Eos and Kephalos is illustrated . He makes this identification again at Amyklai and at Olympia , upon looking at statues and illustrations where Eos -LRB- Hemera -RRB- is present . " ]

[ 2, 2, 0, 2, 1 ]

[ "Aristocracy", "Chivalry", "Pedius", "Elite_theory", "Sisyphism" ]

[ "Aristocracy -LRB- Greek ἀριστοκρατία aristokratía , from ἄριστος aristos `` excellent , '' and κράτος kratos `` power '' -RRB- is a form of government that places power in the hands of a small , privileged ruling class . The term derives from the Greek aristokratia , meaning `` rule of the best '' . At the time of the word 's origins in Ancient Greece , the Greeks conceived it as rule by the best qualified citizens -- and often contrasted it favourably with monarchy , rule by an individual . In later times , aristocracy was usually seen as rule by a privileged group , the aristocratic class , and was contrasted with democracy . ", "Chivalry , or the chivalric code , is an informal , varying code of conduct , never decided on or summarized in a single document , associated with the medieval institution of knighthood whichChivalry or the institution of knighthood ? developed between 1170 and 1220 . The ideals of chivalry were popularized in medieval literature , especially the Matter of Britain and Matter of France , the former based on Geoffrey of Monmouth 's Historia Regum Britanniae which introduced the legend of King Arthur , written in the 1130s . The code of chivalry that developed in medieval Europe had its roots in earlier centuries . It arose in the Holy Roman Empire from the idealisation of the cavalryman -- involving military bravery , individual training , and service to others -- especially in Francia , among horse soldiers in Charlemagne 's cavalry . The term chivalry derives from the Old French term chevalerie , which can be translated to `` horse soldiery '' . Gautier states that knighthood emerged from the Moors as well as the Teutonic forests and was nurtured into civilization and chivalry by the Catholic Church . Over time , its meaning in Europe has been refined to emphasise social and moral virtues more generally . The code of chivalry , as it stood by the Late Middle Ages , was a moral system which combined a warrior ethos , knightly piety , and courtly manners , all conspiring to establish a notion of honour and nobility . ", "Pedius may refer to : any ancient Roman man of the gens Pedia , especially : Quintus Pedius -LRB- d. 43 BC -RRB- , Roman general , politician , great nephew of dictator Gaius Julius Caesar , maternal cousin to first Roman Emperor Augustus Quintus Pedius Publicola -LRB- fl . 1st century BC -RRB- , son to Quintus Pedius , senator and orator Quintus Pedius -LRB- deaf painter -RRB- , son to Quintus Pedius Publicola , and first deaf person recorded by name Sextus Pedius -LRB- 50-120 -RRB- , jurist of the Roman Empire Pedius -LRB- genus -RRB- , a genus of beetles in the Carabidae family ", "In political science and sociology , elite theory is a theory of the state which seeks to describe and explain the power relationships in contemporary society . The theory posits that a small minority , consisting of members of the economic elite and policy-planning networks , holds the most power and that this power is independent of a state 's democratic elections process . Through positions in corporations or on corporate boards , and influence over the policy-planning networks through financial support of foundations or positions with think tanks or policy-discussion groups , members of the `` elite '' are able to exert significant power over the policy decisions of corporations and governments . An example of this can be found in the Forbes magazine article -LRB- published in December 2009 -RRB- entitled The World 's Most Powerful People , in which Forbes purported to list the 67 most powerful people in the world -LRB- assigning one `` slot '' for each 100,000,000 of human population -RRB- . The basic characteristics of this theory are that power is concentrated , the elites are unified , the non-elites are diverse and powerless , elites interests are unified due to common backgrounds and positions and the defining characteristic of power is institutional position . Even when entire groups are ostensibly completely excluded from the state 's traditional networks of power -LRB- historically , on the basis of arbitrary criteria such as nobility , race , gender , or religion -RRB- , elite theory recognizes that `` counter-elites '' frequently develop within such excluded groups . Negotiations between such disenfranchised groups and the state can be analyzed as negotiations between elites and counter-elites . A major problem , in turn , is the ability of elites to co-opt counter-elites . Elite theory opposes pluralism , a tradition that assumes that all individuals , or at least the multitude of social groups , have equal power and balance each other out in contributing to democratic political outcomes representing the emergent , aggregate will of society . Elite theory argues either that democracy is a utopian folly , as it is traditionally viewed in the conservative Italian tradition , or that democracy is not realizable within capitalism , as is the view of the more Marxist-compatible contemporary elite theory permutation . ", "Sisyphism is a term used by French classical liberal theorist , political economist , and member of the French assembly , Frédéric Bastiat to ridicule those that think that greater productivity causes poverty by increasing unemployment . The term derives form Sisyphus , the mythological king of Ephyra , punished for chronic deceitfulness by being compelled to roll an immense boulder up a hill , only to watch it roll back down , and to repeat this action forever . " ]

[ 1, 0, 0, 1, 0 ]

[ "Deepika_Padukone", "Mallika_Kapoor", "Housefull_-LRB-2010_film-RRB-", "Nariman_-LRB-film-RRB-", "Love_Aaj_Kal" ]

[ "Deepika Padukone -LRB- -LSB- d̪iːpɪkaː pəɖʊkoːɳ -RSB- ; born 5 January 1986 -RRB- is an Indian film actress . One of the highest-paid actresses in the world , Padukone is the recipient of several awards , including three Filmfare Awards . She features in listings of the nation 's most popular and attractive personalities . Padukone , the daughter of the badminton player Prakash Padukone , was born in Copenhagen and raised in Bangalore . As a teenager , she played badminton in national level championships but left her career in the sport to become a fashion model . She soon received offers for film roles and made her acting debut in 2006 as the title character of the Kannada film Aishwarya . Padukone then played a dual role in her first Bollywood releasethe 2007 blockbuster Om Shanti Omand won a Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut . Padukone received praise for portraying the lead roles in the romance Love Aaj Kal -LRB- 2009 -RRB- and the drama Lafangey Parindey -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , but her performances in the romance Bachna Ae Haseeno -LRB- 2008 -RRB- and the comedy Housefull -LRB- 2010 -RRB- were met with negative reviews . The 2012 box office hit Cocktail marked a turning point in Padukone 's career , earning her praise and Best Actress nominations at several award ceremonies . She rose to prominence with starring roles in the romantic comedies Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani -LRB- 2013 -RRB- and Chennai Express -LRB- 2013 -RRB- , the heist comedy Happy New Year -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , and the historical romance Bajirao Mastani -LRB- 2015 -RRB- , all of which rank among the highest-grossing Bollywood films . Padukone 's acclaimed portrayal of a character based on Juliet in the tragic romance Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela -LRB- 2013 -RRB- and a headstrong architect in the comedy-drama Piku -LRB- 2015 -RRB- won her two Best Actress awards at Filmfare . Her first project in Hollywood came with the action film xXx : Return of Xander Cage -LRB- 2017 -RRB- . Alongside her acting career , Padukone participates in stage shows , has written columns for an Indian newspaper , is a prominent celebrity endorser for brands and products , and is vocal about issues such as feminism and depression . She has designed her own line of clothing for women and is the founder of The Live Love Laugh Foundation , which creates awareness on mental health in India . ", "Mallika Kapoor is an Indian film actress , working in the South Indian film industries mainly in Malayalam , Tamil and Kannada . She has also appeared in a few Telugu and Hindi films . ", "Housefull is a 2010 Indian comedy film directed by Sajid Khan , starring Akshay Kumar and Deepika Padukone in the lead roles . Arjun Rampal , Ritesh Deshmukh , Lara Dutta , Jiah Khan and Boman Irani are featured in supporting roles , whilst Malaika Arora Khan and Jacqueline Fernandez make special appearances . This would be Jiah Khan 's final film before her death in 2013 . The film was shot over several months in London and Italy . Produced by Sajid Nadiadwala , the film released at more than 750 theatres on 30 April 2010 in India . It received negative reviews upon release , but was nonetheless a success at the box office . It is the first installment of the Housefull film series . The story has also been noted to be copied from Kamal Haasan 's 1998 Tamil movie Kaathala Kaathala . ", "Nariman is a 2001 Malayalam film . Directed by K. Madhu , this film is an investigative thriller . Suresh Gopi appears in the title role as Ashok Nariman , a Crime Branch DySP who is assigned to re-investigate `` couple murder case '' and later to investigate `` Ammini missing case '' . Along with him , Siddique , Jagathi Sreekumar , Jagadeesh , Anju , Augustine , T. P. Madhavan , N. F. Varghese , Sadiq , Janardanan , Ashokan and Samyuktha Varma also shares the screen . The script was done by S. N. Swamy . This film turned out to be a Super hit in box office . The rights to broadcast is held by Kiran TV . The movie was dubbed into Hindi as Farz ki Pukaar . ", "Love Aaj Kal -LRB- Love Nowadays -RRB- is a 2009 Indian romantic comedy-drama film starring Saif Ali Khan and Deepika Padukone in lead roles with Rahul Khanna , Rishi Kapoor and Giselli Monteiro in supporting roles . The film is directed by Imtiaz Ali and produced by Saif Ali Khan and Dinesh Vijan . The film portrays the feeling of pure love which never changes , although the perspective of realising one 's soulmate has changed over time . Although there was a lot of pre-release speculation that the film was a remake of the 2005 Taiwanese film , Three Times , post-release reviews have proven that this is not the case . This film was remade into Telugu as Teen Maar with Pawan Kalyan and Trisha Krishnan in lead roles . " ]

[ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Battle_of_the_Bastards", "Battlefield_Britain", "Merlin_-LRB-series_2-RRB-", "Battle_of_Britain_-LRB-video_game-RRB-", "To_Sirloin_with_Love" ]

[ "`` Battle of the Bastards '' is the ninth episode of the sixth season of HBO 's fantasy television series Game of Thrones , and its 59th episode overall . It was written by series co-creators David Benioff and D. B. Weiss , and directed by Miguel Sapochnik . In the North , the armies of the eponymous bastards , Jon Snow -LRB- Kit Harington -RRB- and Ramsay Bolton -LRB- Iwan Rheon -RRB- , face off in a battle for control of Winterfell . The Bolton army defeats most of Jon 's forces , largely composed of Wildlings . However , Sansa Stark -LRB- Sophie Turner -RRB- arrives with Petyr Baelish -LRB- Aidan Gillen -RRB- and the Knights of the Vale and they defeat the remaining Bolton army . Ramsay retreats to Winterfell , where Jon beats him into the mud , locks him in the kennels and Sansa feeds him to his own hounds . In Meereen , Daenerys Targaryen -LRB- Emilia Clarke -RRB- refuses to surrender to the Masters , mounts Drogon and begins burning the Masters ' fleet ; this forces them to surrender . Yara -LRB- Gemma Whelan -RRB- and Theon Greyjoy -LRB- Alfie Allen -RRB- arrive in Meereen and offer their ships to Daenerys , swearing to help her take the Seven Kingdoms . `` Battle of the Bastards '' was praised as one of the series ' best episodes , with several reviewers hailing it as a `` masterpiece '' . Critics described the battle in the North as `` terrifying , gripping and exhilarating '' and Daenerys 's reunion with her dragons at the beginning of the episode as `` thrilling '' . Its eponymous battle took 25 days to film and required 500 extras , 600 crew members and 70 horses . In the United States , the episode had a viewership of 7.66 million in its initial broadcast . It earned Game of Thrones several Primetime Emmy Awards -LRB- including Outstanding Directing and Outstanding Writing -RRB- , and was Harington 's choice to support his nomination for the Outstanding Supporting Actor ; Sapochnik also won the Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directing in a Drama Series for the episode . ", "Battlefield Britain is a 2004 BBC television documentary series about famous battles in the history of Great Britain . From Boudicca 's destructive rebellion against the Romans to the incredible feats of The Few who saw off the Luftwaffe , these battles all had wide-reaching consequences and implications for the future of the British isles . The series is presented by father and son team Peter and Dan Snow with Peter explaining the battleplans of the generals while Dan explores the sites to give the perspective of the common soldier , sailors and airmen . The episodes also featured `` interviews '' with soldiers from both sides , re-enactments of the battles and computer generated scenes with bird eye views and blocks to show troop movement . In Australia , all eight episodes aired on SBS TV in its As It Happened history timeslot each Saturday at 7:30 pm from 22 January until 12 March 2005 . ", "The second series of Merlin , is a British fantasy television series which began on 19 September 2009 and ended on 14 December 2012 . Series two regular cast members include Colin Morgan , Bradley James , Katie McGrath , Angel Coulby , Anthony Head , Richard Wilson , and John Hurt as the voice of the Great Dragon . Series two contains thirteen episodes and had 5.77 million viewers for the premiere with 6.64 million viewers for the series finale . Series 2 was the first series to have a two-parter and the only series to have a two-parter mid-series . BBC renewed the show for the third series which premiered on 11 September 2010 . ", "Battle of Britain is a turn-based strategy video game developed and published by Personal Software Services for the Commodore 64 in 1987 . It was also ported to the Amstrad CPC and ZX Spectrum later that year . It is the seventh instalment to the Strategic Wargames series . The game is set during the Battle of Britain campaign of the Second World War and revolves around Britain 's defence and prevention against a Nazi invasion . In the game , the player commands the Royal Air Force as they must defend key cities against the Luftwaffe . The game contains elements of first-person shooting ; during some sequences the game requires a certain number of aircraft to be shot down . Battle of Britain received mixed to positive reviews from critics upon release . Critics praised the fast pace of the gameplay and features , however , one reviewer was divided over the historical accuracy of the battle . ", "`` To Sirloin with Love '' is the twenty-fourth episode of the thirteenth season as well as the series finale of animated television series King of the Hill , it is the 259th episode of the series overall . It originally aired on Fox on September 13 , 2009 . `` To Sirloin with Love '' was written by Jim Dauterive , Tony Gama-Lobo , Rebecca May , and Christy Stratton . `` To Sirloin with Love '' received a 2.9 / 6 rating among adults 18-49 and received positive reviews from critics . Although this is the final episode of the series , it was not the final episode to air . Four previous episodes from the thirteenth season originally premiered in syndication nightly from May 3 to May 6 , 2010 . " ]

[ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Babur", "Mohan_Babu", "Evgeny_Baburin", "K._Kunchunniraja", "Shapur_Kharegat" ]

[ "Babur -LRB- -LSB- بابر , lit = Tiger , translit = Bābur -RSB- 14 February 148326 December 1530 -RRB- , born Ẓahīr-ud-Dīn Muḥammad -LRB- -LSB- ظهیرالدین محمد , translit = Ẓahīr ad-Dīn Muḥammad -RSB- -RRB- , was a conqueror from Central Asia who , following a series of setbacks , finally succeeded in laying the basis for the Mughal dynasty in the Indian subcontinent and became the first Mughal emperor . He was a direct descendant of Turco-Mongol conqueror Timur -LRB- Tamurlane -RRB- from the Barlas clan , through his father , and also a descendant of Genghis Khan through his mother . He was also influenced by the Persian culture and this affected both his own actions and those of his successors , giving rise to a significant expansion of the Persianate ethos in the Indian subcontinent . Babur was the eldest son of Umar Sheikh Mirza . He ascended the throne of Fergana in 1495 at the age of twelve and faced rebellion from his own relatives . He conquered Samarkand two years later , only to lose the city of Fergana soon after . In his attempt to reconquer Fergana , he lost control of Samarkand . In 1501 , his attempt to recapture both cities went in vain as he was defeated by Muhammad Shaybani Khan . In 1504 , he conquered Kabul , which was under the rule of the infant heir of Ulugh Begh . Babur formed a partnership with Safavid ruler Ismail I and reconquered parts of central Asia , including Samarkand , only to again lose it and the other newly conquered lands to the Uzbeks . After losing Samarkand for the third time , Babur turned his attention to creating his empire in north India . At that time , the Indo-Gangetic Plain of the northern Indian Subcontinent was ruled by Ibrahim Lodi of the Afghan Lodi dynasty , whereas Rajputana was ruled by a Hindu Rajput Confederacy , led by Rana Sanga of Mewar . In 1524 , Daulat Khan Lodi , a rebel of the Lodhi dynasty , invited Babur to overthrow Ibrahim and become ruler . Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi at the First Battle of Panipat in 1526 and founded the Mughal empire . However , he again faced opposition , this time from Rana Sanga of Mewar who considered Babur a foreigner . The Rana was defeated at the Battle of Khanwa . Babur married several times . Notable among his sons are Humayun , Kamran Mirza and Hindal Mirza . Babur died in 1530 and was succeeded by Humayun . According to Babur 's wishes , he was buried in Bagh-e-Babur in Kabul , Afghanistan . Being a patrilineal descendant of Timur , Babur considered himself a Timurid and Turk , though Uzbek sources claim him as an ethnic Uzbek . He is considered a national hero in Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan . Many of his poems also have become popular folk songs . He wrote his autobiography , Baburnama , in Chaghatai Turkic and this was translated into Persian during Akbar 's reign . ", "Mohan Babu -LRB- born Manchu Bhakthavatsalam Naidu -RRB- is an Indian film actor , director , and producer , known for his works predominantly in Telugu Cinema and few Tamil films . An alumnus of the Madras Film Institute , Mohan Babu has acted in more than five hundred feature films in lead , supporting and a variety of roles . In 1995 , He has received Filmfare Best Actor Award , for his work in the multi-starrer Pedarayudu , which also starred Rajnikanth in a pivotal role . In 2007 , He has received the CineMAA Award for Best Supporting Actor for his work in Yamadonga . Mohan Babu was awarded an honorary doctorate from University of California , Berkeley for his contribution to the field of cinema and education . He is the co-owner of production companies such as Sree Lakshmi Prasanna Pictures , 24 Frames Factory and Manchu Entertainment . In 2016 , He has garnered the Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award -- South . A former Physical Education Instructor , Mohan Babu is a noted educationalist , and operates Sri Vidya Niketan Educational Institutions , and is the founder of Sree Vidyanikethan Educational Trust . In the year 2007 , he received Padma Shri for his contribution to the field of Arts and education . He is a former Member of Parliament -- Rajya Sabha from Andhra Pradesh after being elected in the year 1995 . He was also elected a Deputy into the International Parliament for Safety and Peace , an intergovernmental organization based in Italy . He is referred to in the media as Dialogue King , Collection King , Nataprapoorna , and Natavachaspathi . In 1980 , He was starred in the Tamil film , Guru , alongside Kamal Hassan . In the same year he portrayed a British commanding officer in Sardar Papa Rayudu , alongside N. T. Rama Rao . He received critical reception for his antagonist roles in films like Alluri Seetharama Raju -LRB- 1974 -RRB- , Swargam Narakam -LRB- 1975 -RRB- , Gorantha Deepam -LRB- 1978 -RRB- , Sivaranjani -LRB- 1978 -RRB- , Padaharella Vayasu -LRB- 1978 -RRB- , Driver Ramudu -LRB- 1979 -RRB- , Satyam Shivam -LRB- 1981 -RRB- , Premabhishekam -LRB- 1981 -RRB- , Chattaniki Kallu Levu -LRB- 1981 -RRB- , Patnam Vachina Pativrathalu -LRB- 1982 -RRB- , Grihalakshmi -LRB- 1984 -RRB- , Adavi Donga -LRB- 1985 -RRB- , khaidi No. 786 -LRB- 1988 -RRB- , Gruhapravesam -LRB- 1988 -RRB- , Janaki Ramudu -LRB- 1988 -RRB- , Lankeshwarudu -LRB- 1989 -RRB- , Kodama Simham -LRB- 1990 -RRB- , Kondaveeti Donga -LRB- 1990 -RRB- , Annamayya -LRB- 1997 -RRB- , and Sri Jagadguru Aadi Sankara -LRB- 2013 -RRB- . On the other hand , he was starred in blockbusters like Alludugaru -LRB- 1990 -RRB- alongside Ramya Krishnan , Assembly Rowdy -LRB- 1991 -RRB- alongside Divya Bharti , Allari Mogudu -LRB- 1992 -RRB- alongside Meena , Major Chandrakanth -LRB- 1993 -RRB- alongside Nagma , Veedevadandi Babu -LRB- 1997 -RRB- alongside Shilpa Shetty , Pandavulu Pandavulu Thummeda -LRB- 2014 -RRB- alongside Raveena Tandon , and Rowdy -LRB- 2014 -RRB- alongside Jaya Sudha . ", "Evgeny Baburin -LRB- born July 4 , 1987 -RRB- is a Russian basketball player for Lokomotiv Kuban and the Russian national team , where he participated at the EuroBasket 2015 . ", "K. Kunchunniraja -LRB- born February 26 , 1920 -RRB- was a writer and scholar of Kerala , India . He was born in 1920 in Nadathara in Thrissur district in Kerala . After his schooling at St. Thomas H.S. Thrissur he joined St. Thomas college there for higher studies . He had his further studies at Presidency College , Madras , Madras University and London School of Oriental Studies from where he took his M.A and two PhDs . He joined as lecturer at Govt . College , Chittoor , worked in various government colleges and then in 1951 joined Department of Sanskrit , Chennai University . After retirement worked as honorary director of Adayar library . He has also functioned as a member of Central Film Censor Board and in the advisory council of Kendra Sahitya Academy . He knew more than five languages including Prakrit and German . He has to his credit 30 books and more than 150 articles in Malayalam and English . ", "Shapur Sorab Kharegat -LRB- 1 November 1932 -- 29 September 2000 -RRB- was a Parsi journalist , editor and former Asia Director of The Economist magazine . Kharegat was born in Bombay , at `` Palm Land '' , the home of his maternal great-grandfather , the ship chandler magnat Kavasjee Dadabhoy Dubash -LRB- +31.10.1921 -RRB- , to Col. Dr. Sorabjee Merwanjee Kharegat * 1900 +19.10.1963 -LRB- son of Col. Dr. Mervanji Pestanji Kharegat of Madras Medical Service * 20.11.1855 +17.12.1932 -RRB- , and his wife Dinbai Mehta -LRB- daughter of Navazbai Dubash and Byramji Mehta -RRB- . He spent his childhood at `` The Clif '' on Carmichael Road , Bombay at `` Babington House '' in Mahabaleshwar and at 17 Carlyle Mansions , Chelsea , London . Kharegat , who had a younger sister , Ratanbai -LRB- * 15.1.1941 +11.8.2003 -RRB- , was a Parsi and a descendant of Sir Jamsetjee Jeejebhoy , the first Indian Baronet and a first cousin once removed of Russi Mody , Chairman and Managing Director of Tata Steel . His maternal step-cousin was the World War II hero Lt. George Clement , né Spiridonoff , -LRB- 20.11.1917 - 7.9.1944 -RRB- . His first cousin was the late wife of Rustom K. S. Ghandhi . His paternal family was responsible for the building of `` Kharegat Colony '' , a charitable housing estate scheme in India . Sam Manekshaw , a family friend and his father served together during World War II in Indo China . Kharegat was a member of the Travellers Club . As one of the very last great old colonial characters , he was Asia director of The Economist , based in Hong Kong from August 1966 until his retirement in 1993 , and died in London . He was a major catalyst for The Economist 's inclusion in Asia and according to The Economist 's publisher David Hanger , S.S. Kharegat is remembered as `` a huge character who travelled the world in his own inimitable style . He argued the case for the business side to enter Asia long before many of us realised its potential , and made all of the early running to develop the region ahead of many of our rivals . '' " ]

[ 1, 1, 0, 1, 1 ]

[ "Kenny_Chesney", "Kenny_Anunike", "Andy_Blakeney", "Ray_Kenny", "Billy_Kenny_-LRB-footballer,_born_1973-RRB-" ]

[ "Kenneth Arnold `` Kenny '' Chesney -LRB- born March 26 , 1968 -RRB- is an American country music singer , songwriter and record producer . He has recorded 20 albums , 14 of which have been certified Gold or higher by the RIAA . He has also produced more than 40 top 10 singles on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Songs and Country Airplay charts , 29 of which have reached number one on the charts . Most of these have also charted high within the top 40 of the Billboard Hot 100 chart , making him one of the few successful crossover country artists . He has sold over 30 million albums worldwide . Chesney co-directed and produced a film for ESPN entitled The Boys of Fall . He has received six Academy of Country Music awards -LRB- including four consecutive Entertainer of the Year awards from 2005 to 2008 -RRB- , as well as six awards from the Country Music Association . He is one of the most popular touring acts in country music , regularly selling out the venues in which he performs . His 2007 Flip-Flop Summer Tour was the highest-grossing country road trip of the year . The Country Music Association honored Chesney with the Entertainer of the Year award in 2004 , 2006 , 2007 , and 2008 . Other notable awards he received include the Academy of Country Music 's 1997 New Male Vocalist of the Year , 2002 Top Male Vocalist of the Year , and the Triple Crown Award in 2005 . He was awarded his fourth consecutive Entertainer of the Year award from the Academy of Country Music on May 18 , 2008 . ", "Kenny Chidozie Anunike -LRB- born May 22 , 1990 -RRB- is an American football defensive end who is currently a free agent . He played college football at Duke . ", "Andy Blakeney -LRB- June 10 , 1898 , Quitman , Mississippi -- February 12 , 1992 , Baldwin Park , California -RRB- was an American jazz trumpeter . He was a fixture of the New Orleans jazz scene for decades . Blakeney played briefly for King Oliver and Doc Cook in Chicago in 1925 . He moved to California in 1926 , where he played with Sonny Clay and Reb Spikes , including on records . He worked in Los Angeles in the 1930s with Les Hite and Lionel Hampton , then played in Monk McFay 's band in Hawaii in 1935 -- 39 and led his own band for a time thereafter . In 1941 he returned to the continental United States , playing with Ceele Burke -LRB- 1942 -- 46 -RRB- , Horace Henderson -LRB- 1946 -RRB- , and Kid Ory -LRB- 1947 -RRB- . He led his own Dixieland outfits in California through the 1950s , but did n't record with any of them . In the 1960s Blakeney played with the Young Men of New Orleans , in the 1970s with the Legends of Jazz , and in the 1980s with the Eagle Brass Band . He was still active almost up until the time of his death in 1992 . ", "Ray Kenny -LRB- born 11 December 1973 in Dún Laoghaire , Ireland -RRB- is an Irish football defender , currently playing for Arklow Town in the Leinster Senior League . ", "William Aidan `` Billy '' Kenny -LRB- born 19 September 1973 -RRB- is an English former professional footballer who played as a midfielder for Everton and Oldham Athletic , making a total of 21 appearances in the Football League . Kenny retired from professional football at the age of just 21 . Kenny is the son of former Everton midfielder Billy Kenny , Sr. . . " ]

[ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Law_of_chastity", "Criticism_of_Mormon_sacred_texts", "The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints", "The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints_in_Massachusetts", "The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints_in_Russia" ]

[ "The law of chastity is a moral code defined by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints -LRB- LDS Church -RRB- . According to the church , chastity means that `` sexual relations are proper only between a man and a woman who are legally and lawfully wedded as husband and wife . '' Therefore , abstinence from sexual relations before marriage , and complete fidelity to one 's spouse during marriage , are required . As part of the law of chastity , the church teaches its members not only to abstain from adultery and fornication , but also to refrain from masturbation and to avoid sexually inappropriate thoughts . The law of chastity is taught to church members of all ages , and is especially emphasized to adolescents . ", "The Latter Day Saints believe that the Book of Mormon is a sacred text with the same divine authority as the Bible . Some Latter Day Saints also recognize the Pearl of Great Price and Doctrine and Covenants as scripture . Religious and scholarly critics outside the Latter Day Saint movement have disputed this view , questioning the traditional narrative of how these books came to light , and the extent to which they describe actual events . They cite research in history , archeology , and other disciplines to support their contentions . ", "The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints -LRB- the LDS Church or , informally , the Mormon Church -RRB- is a Christian restorationist church that is considered by its members to be the restoration of the original church founded by Jesus Christ . The church is headquartered in Salt Lake City , Utah , and has established congregations and built temples worldwide . According to the church , it has over 70,000 missionaries and a membership of over 15 million . It is ranked by the National Council of Churches as the fourth-largest Christian denomination in the United States . It is the largest denomination in the Latter Day Saint movement founded by Joseph Smith during the period of religious revival known as the Second Great Awakening . Adherents , often referred to as `` Latter-day Saints '' , or , less formally , `` Mormons '' , view faith in Jesus Christ and his atonement as fundamental principles of their religion . LDS theology includes the Christian doctrine of salvation only through Jesus Christ , though LDS doctrines regarding the nature of God and the potential of mankind differ significantly from mainstream Christianity . The church has an open canon which includes four scriptural texts : the Bible -LRB- both Old and New Testaments -RRB- , the Book of Mormon , the Doctrine and Covenants , and the Pearl of Great Price . Other than the Bible , the majority of the LDS canon constitutes revelation spoken by Joseph Smith and recorded by his scribes which includes commentary and exegesis about the Bible , texts described as lost parts of the Bible , and other works believed to be written by ancient prophets . Because of some of the doctrinal differences , some Catholic , Orthodox , and Protestant churches consider the LDS Church to be distinct and separate from mainstream Christianity . Under the doctrine of continuing revelation , Latter-day Saints believe that the church president is a modern-day `` prophet , seer , and revelator '' and that Jesus Christ , under the direction of God the Father , leads the church by revealing his will to its president . The current president is Thomas S. Monson . Individual members of the church believe that they can also receive personal revelation from God in conducting their lives . The president heads a hierarchical structure with various levels reaching down to local congregations . Bishops , drawn from the laity , lead local congregations . Male members , after reaching age 12 , may be ordained to the priesthood , provided they are living the standards of the church . Women do not hold positions within the priesthood , but do occupy leadership roles in some church auxiliary organizations . Both men and women may serve as missionaries , and the church maintains a large missionary program which proselytizes and conducts humanitarian services worldwide . Faithful members adhere to church laws of sexual purity , health , fasting , and Sabbath observance , and contribute ten percent of their income to the church in tithing . In addition , the church teaches sacred ordinances through which adherents make covenants with God , including baptism , confirmation , the sacrament -LRB- holy communion -RRB- , endowment , and celestial marriage -LRB- marriage blessings which extend beyond mortality -RRB- -- all of which are of great significance to church members . ", "As of January 1 , 2011 , The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints reported 24,965 members in four stakes , 51 congregations -LRB- 38 wards and 13 branches -RRB- , one mission , and one temple in Massachusetts . ", "As of January 1 , 2011 , The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints reported 19,946 members in 13 districts , 116 branches , and 8 missions in Russia . " ]

[ 0, 0, 2, 0, 0 ]

[ "Ian_Gillan", "Alan_Gill_-LRB-cricketer-RRB-", "Jimmy_Gill", "Ian_Hurst", "Ian_Hillier" ]

[ "Ian Gillan -LRB- born 19 August 1945 -RRB- is an English singer and songwriter . He originally found commercial success as the lead singer and lyricist for Deep Purple . Initially influenced by Elvis Presley , Gillan started and fronted several local bands in the mid-sixties , and eventually joined Episode Six when their original singer left . He first found widespread commercial success after joining Deep Purple in 1969 . After an almost non-stop workload , during which time he recorded six albums in four years , and problematic relationships with other band members , particularly guitarist Ritchie Blackmore , Gillan resigned from the band in June 1973 , having given a lengthy notice period to their managers . After a short time away from the music business , he resumed his music career with solo bands the Ian Gillan Band and Gillan , before a year-long stint as the vocalist for Black Sabbath . He rejoined a reformed Deep Purple in 1984 , but was fired in 1989 . He rejoined the band for a second time in 1992 for their twenty-fifth anniversary , and following the recruitment of guitarist Steve Morse in 1994 , has helped transform the group into a regular touring outfit , which he has fronted ever since . In addition to his main work -- performing with Deep Purple and other bands during the 1970s and 1980s -- he sang the role of Jesus in the original recording of Andrew Lloyd Webber 's rock opera Jesus Christ Superstar , performed in the charity supergroup Rock Aid Armenia , and engaged in a number of business investments and ventures , including a hotel , a motorcycle manufacturer , and music recording facilities at Kingsway Studios . More recently , he has performed solo concerts concurrently with his latter career in Deep Purple , and his work and affinity with Armenia , combined with his continued friendship with Tony Iommi since his brief time in Black Sabbath , has led him to form the supergroup WhoCares with Iommi . His solo career outside of Deep Purple was given a comprehensive overview with the Gillan 's Inn box set in 2006 . ", "Alan Gill -LRB- born 5 August 1940 in Underwood , Nottinghamshire -RRB- is an English former first-class cricketer active 1960 -- 65 who played for Nottinghamshire . ", "James J. `` Jimmy '' Gill -LRB- born 9 November 1894 , date of death unknown -RRB- was an English professional footballer . He was born in Sheffield . Gill began his career at hometown side Sheffield Wednesday in 1913 . With the club suffering financial difficulties he was sold to Cardiff City in 1920 for # 750 and was the club 's top scorer in its first year in the Football League . He would go on to consistentley challenge for the award along with strike partner Len Davies during his five years at the club . While at the club he also played in the 1925 FA Cup Final , which they went on to lose 1 -- 0 to Sheffield United . The following season , he left to join Frank Buckley 's Blackpool . He made a scoring debut for Blackpool on 24 October 1925 , in a 4 -- 0 victory over Wolves at Bloomfield Road , netting the first goal . He made a further fourteen appearances during the 1925 -- 26 league campaign , scoring three more goals . His final game for Blackpool occurred on 6 February 1926 , in a 5 -- 0 defeat at Port Vale . Gill ended his career with spells at Derby County and Crystal Palace . ", "Ian Archibald Hurst -LRB- born 27 August 1951 in Oamaru -RRB- is a former New Zealand rugby union player who played for the All Blacks in the early 1970s . He also played provincial rugby for North Otago and Canterbury . ", "Ian Hillier -LRB- born 26 December 1979 in Neath -RRB- is a Welsh footballer currently playing for Briton Ferry Llansawel " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Tom_Constanten", "Grateful_Dead", "Grateful_Dead-COLON-_Backstage_Pass", "Live_at_Hampton_Coliseum", "Night_of_the_Living_Dead_-LRB-1990_film-RRB-" ]

[ "Tom Constanten -LRB- born March 19 , 1944 , Long Branch , New Jersey , United States -RRB- is an American keyboardist , best known for playing with Grateful Dead from 1968 to 1970 . ", "The Grateful Dead was an American rock band formed in 1965 in Palo Alto , California . Ranging from quintet to septet , the band is known for its unique and eclectic style , which fused elements of rock , psychedelia , experimental music , modal jazz , country , folk , bluegrass , blues , reggae , and space rock , for live performances of lengthy instrumental jams , and for their devoted fan base , known as `` Deadheads '' . `` Their music , '' writes Lenny Kaye , `` touches on ground that most other groups do n't even know exists . '' These various influences were distilled into a diverse and psychedelic whole that made the Grateful Dead `` the pioneering Godfathers of the jam band world '' . The band was ranked 57th by Rolling Stone magazine in its The Greatest Artists of All Time issue . The band was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1994 and a recording of their May 8 , 1977 performance at Cornell University 's Barton Hall was added to the National Recording Registry of the Library of Congress in 2012 . The Grateful Dead have sold more than 35 million albums worldwide . The Grateful Dead was founded in the San Francisco Bay Area amid the rise of the counterculture of the 1960s . The founding members were Jerry Garcia -LRB- lead guitar , vocals -RRB- , Bob Weir -LRB- rhythm guitar , vocals -RRB- , Ron `` Pigpen '' McKernan -LRB- keyboards , harmonica , vocals -RRB- , Phil Lesh -LRB- bass , vocals -RRB- , and Bill Kreutzmann -LRB- drums -RRB- . Members of the Grateful Dead had played together in various San Francisco bands , including Mother McCree 's Uptown Jug Champions and the Warlocks . Lesh was the last member to join the Warlocks before they became the Grateful Dead ; he replaced Dana Morgan Jr. , who had played bass for a few gigs . Drummer Mickey Hart and nonperforming lyricist Robert Hunter joined in 1967 . With the exception of McKernan , who died in 1973 , and Hart , who took time off from 1971 to 1974 , the core of the band stayed together for its entire 30-year history . The other official members of the band are Tom Constanten -LRB- keyboards ; 1968 -- 1970 -RRB- , John Perry Barlow -LRB- nonperforming lyricist ; 1971 -- 1995 -RRB- , Keith Godchaux -LRB- keyboards ; 1971 -- 1979 -RRB- , Donna Godchaux -LRB- vocals ; 1972 -- 1979 -RRB- , Brent Mydland -LRB- keyboards , vocals ; 1979 -- 1990 -RRB- , and Vince Welnick -LRB- keyboards , vocals ; 1990 -- 1995 -RRB- . Pianist Bruce Hornsby was a touring member from 1990 to 1992 , as well as guesting with the band on occasion before and after the tours . After the death of Jerry Garcia in 1995 , former members of the band , along with other musicians , toured as the Other Ones in 1998 , 2000 , and 2002 , and the Dead in 2003 , 2004 , and 2009 . In 2015 , the four surviving core members marked the band 's 50th anniversary in a series of concerts that were billed as their last performances together . There have also been several spin-offs featuring one or more core members , such as Dead & Company , Furthur , the Rhythm Devils , Phil Lesh & Friends , RatDog , and Billy & the Kids . ", "Backstage Pass is a music documentary video by the Grateful Dead . It was directed by Justin Kreutzmann , the son of Grateful Dead drummer Bill Kreutzmann , and produced by Gillian Grisman , the daughter of musician David Grisman . It was released in 1992 , and is 35 minutes long . ", "Live at Hampton Coliseum is an album by the rock band the Grateful Dead . It was recorded on May 4 , 1979 , at the Hampton Coliseum in Hampton , Virginia . Produced as a two-disc vinyl LP , in a limited edition of 7,900 numbered copies , it was released on April 19 , 2014 , in conjunction with Record Store Day . The May 4 , 1979 concert was the band 's first show at Hampton Coliseum , and their third with then-new keyboardist Brent Mydland . ", "Night of the Living Dead is a 1990 American horror film directed by Tom Savini and starring Tony Todd , Patricia Tallman and Tom Towles . It is a remake of George A. Romero 's 1968 horror film of the same name . Romero rewrote the original 1968 screenplay co-authored by John A. Russo . " ]

[ 0, 2, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "William_Howard_Taft", "William_S._Reyburn", "United_States_presidential_election_in_New_York,_1912", "Henry_Selwin-Ibbetson,_1st_Baron_Rookwood", "David_Truman" ]

[ "William Howard Taft -LRB- September 15 , 1857 -- March 8 , 1930 -RRB- served as the 27th President of the United States -LRB- 1909 -- 1913 -RRB- and as the tenth Chief Justice of the United States -LRB- 1921 -- 1930 -RRB- , the only person to have held both offices . Taft was elected president in 1908 , the chosen successor of Theodore Roosevelt , but was defeated for re-election by Woodrow Wilson in 1912 after Roosevelt split the Republican vote by running as a third-party candidate . In 1921 , President Warren G. Harding appointed Taft to be chief justice , a position in which he served until a month before his death . Taft was born in Cincinnati in 1857 . His father , Alphonso Taft , was a U.S. Attorney General and Secretary of War . William Taft attended Yale and was a member of Skull and Bones secret society like his father , and after becoming a lawyer was appointed a judge while still in his twenties . He continued a rapid rise , being named Solicitor General and as a judge of the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals . In 1901 , President William McKinley appointed Taft civilian governor of the Philippines . In 1904 , Roosevelt made him Secretary of War , and he became Roosevelt 's hand-picked successor . Despite his personal ambition to become chief justice , Taft declined repeated offers of appointment to the Supreme Court of the United States , believing his political work to be more important . With Roosevelt 's help , Taft had little opposition for the Republican nomination for president in 1908 , and easily defeated William Jennings Bryan for the presidency that November . In the White House , he focused on East Asia more than European affairs , and repeatedly intervened to prop up or remove Latin American governments . Taft sought reductions to trade tariffs , then a major source of governmental income , but the resulting bill was heavily influenced by special interests . His administration was filled with conflict between the conservative wing of the Republican Party , with which Taft often sympathized , and the progressive wing , toward which Roosevelt moved more and more . Controversies over conservation and over antitrust cases filed by the Taft administration served to further separate the two men . Roosevelt challenged Taft for renomination in 1912 . Taft used his control of the party machinery to gain a bare majority of delegates , and Roosevelt bolted the party . The split left Taft with little chance of re-election ; he took only Utah and Vermont in Wilson 's victory . After leaving office , Taft returned to Yale as a professor , continuing his political activity and working against war through the League to Enforce Peace . In 1921 , President Harding appointed Taft as chief justice , an office he had long sought . Chief Justice Taft was a conservative on business issues , but under him , there were advances in individual rights . In poor health , he resigned in February 1930 . After his death the next month , he was buried at Arlington National Cemetery , the first president and first Supreme Court justice to be interred there . Taft is generally listed near the middle in historians ' rankings of U.S. presidents . ", "William Stuart Reyburn -LRB- December 17 , 1882 -- July 25 , 1946 -RRB- was a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania . Reyburn was born in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , to John E. Reyburn and Margretta -LRB- Crozier -RRB- . He married Georgie Fontaine Maury , of Washington , June 10 , 1911 . He graduated from Yale University in 1904 , where he was a member of St. Anthony Hall , and from the law department of Georgetown University , Washington , D.C. . He was a member of President William Howard Taft 's party that visited the Philippines , Japan , and China in 1905 . He served in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives from 1909 until 1911 . He was elected to 62nd Congress , May 23 , 1911 , to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Joel Cook and served from May 23 , 1911 , to March 3 , 1913 . He declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1912 . ", "The 1912 United States presidential election in New York took place on November 5 , 1912 . All contemporary 48 states were part of the 1912 United States presidential election . New York voters chose 45 electors to the Electoral College , which selected the President and Vice President . New York was won by the Democratic nominees , New Jersey Governor Woodrow Wilson and his running mate , Indiana Governor Thomas R. Marshall . Opposing him were the Republican nominees , incumbent President William Howard Taft and Vice President James S. Sherman , and the Progressive Party candidates , former President Theodore Roosevelt and his running mate California Governor Hiram Johnson . Also in the running was the Socialist Party candidate , Eugene V. Debs , who ran with Emil Seidel . Wilson won New York with a plurality of 41.27 percent of the vote , Taft came in second with 28.68 percent , and Roosevelt came in third with 24.56 percent . Wilson 's margin over Taft was thus 12.60 percent , whilst Debs came in fourth with 3.99 % . In terms of margin , New York was about 2 % more Republican than the nation . New York in this era was usually a Republican state in presidential elections . However the strong third party run by former Republican President Theodore Roosevelt as the Bull Moose Party candidate against the incumbent Republican President William Howard Taft split the Republican vote , enabling Woodrow Wilson as the Democratic candidate to win New York State 's electoral votes in 1912 with a plurality of only 41 percent of the vote . Were Taft and Roosevelt voters united behind a single Republican candidate , they would have taken a combined majority of over 53 percent of the vote . Prior to 1912 , New York had not given its electoral votes to a Democratic presidential candidate since 1892 . Wilson would lose New York State four years later in the midst of his re-election in 1916 , and the state would not vote Democratic again until 1932 . Although Theodore Roosevelt finished strong for a third party candidate with 24.56 % of the vote , New York was not amongst his strongest states . New York 's Republican Party organisation and traditional Republican voters proved to be mostly loyal to President Taft as the official Republican nominee . While Roosevelt came in second place nationally ahead of Taft , in New York , Taft beat Roosevelt and finished second behind Wilson . Roosevelt also failed to win a single county in New York State , and was the last candidate to claim an electoral vote without winning any county in his home state until Mitt Romney one hundred years later . Wilson won many counties in New York which have been Republican bastions for most of history . However , every upstate county won by Wilson was won with a plurality of less than fifty percent of the vote and some with less than forty percent . Wilson won pluralities in several suburban counties surrounding New York City and in Long Island , as well as several in upstate New York , that would not vote Democratic again until Lyndon Johnson swept the state in the 1964 Democratic landslide : Johnson alone has since won Putnam and Steuben Counties . The only county in the state in which Wilson won a majority was the New York City borough of Staten Island . Despite Wilson 's relatively strong showing on the county map , upstate New York nevertheless remained one of the most loyally Republican regions in the nation in the 1912 election , and the majority of counties in the region still favored Taft . Taft 's most significant wins in the state were his victories in Albany County , home to the state capital of Albany , and Onondaga County , home to the city of Syracuse , while most of his victories came from the many rural counties upstate . ", "Henry John Selwin-Ibbetson , 1st Baron Rookwood -LRB- 26 September 1826 -- 15 January 1902 -RRB- , known as Sir Henry Selwin-Ibbetson , Bt , from 1869 to 1892 , was a British Conservative politician . He served under Benjamin Disraeli as Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department between 1874 and 1878 and as Financial Secretary to the Treasury between 1878 and 1880 . ", "David Bicknell Truman -LRB- June 1 , 1913 -- August 28 , 2003 -RRB- was an American academic who served as the 15th president of Mount Holyoke College from 1969-1978 . He is also known for his role as a Columbia University administrator during the Columbia University protests of 1968 . " ]

[ 2, 1, 1, 0, 0 ]

[ "Clayton_Vaughn", "J._Brent_Walker", "Matt_Fuller", "Matthew_Vaughn", "Vaughn_Telemaque" ]

[ "Clayton Vaughn -LRB- born May 15 , 1992 -RRB- is an American track and field sprinter who competes in the 100-meter dash and 200-meter dash . He has a sub-10-second best in the 100 m with 9.93 seconds . He placed third in the 60-meter dash at the 2015 USA Indoor Track and Field Championships . Vaughn competed for the Texas -- Arlington Mavericks and won eight sprint titles from 60 m to 200 m and the 4 × 100-meter relay in regional conference championships . He is the school record holder in the 100 m and relay events . ", "J. Brent Walker is the Executive Director of the Baptist Joint Committee for Religious Liberty . He is a member of the Bar of the Supreme Court of the United States and an ordained Baptist minister . Walker holds a Master of Divinity degree from Southern Baptist Theological Seminary in Louisville , Kentucky , a law degree from the Stetson University College of Law , and undergraduate and graduate degrees from the University of Florida . Walker received an honorary Doctor of Divinity degree from the John Leland Center for Theological Studies in 2013 . He was a Baptist minister in Falmouth , Kentucky , and taught law at Georgetown University Law Center . Since 2003 , he has served as an adjunct professor at the Baptist Theological Seminary in Richmond , Virginia . ", "Matthew `` Matt '' Fuller is a former professional rugby league footballer who played in Australia and England . ", "Matthew Allard de Vere Drummond -LRB- born Matthew Allard Robert Vaughn ; 7 March 1971 -RRB- is an English film producer , director , and screenwriter . He is best known for producing such films as Lock , Stock and Two Smoking Barrels -LRB- 1998 -RRB- and Snatch -LRB- 2000 -RRB- and directing the films Layer Cake -LRB- 2004 -RRB- , Stardust -LRB- 2007 -RRB- , Kick-Ass -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , X-Men : First Class -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , and Kingsman : The Secret Service -LRB- 2015 -RRB- . ", "Vaughn Telemaque -LRB- born March 4 , 1990 -RRB- is an American football safety . He is a graduate of the University of Miami . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Washington_Monument", "Blackstone_Apartments", "National_Mall", "S._H._Barnicoat_Monuments", "Washington_Cemetery_-LRB-Washington_Court_House,_Ohio-RRB-" ]

[ "The Washington Monument is an obelisk on the National Mall in Washington , D.C. , built to commemorate George Washington , once commander-in-chief of the Continental Army and the first President of the United States . Located almost due east of the Reflecting Pool and the Lincoln Memorial , the monument , made of marble , granite , and bluestone gneiss , is both the world 's tallest stone structure and the world 's tallest obelisk , standing 554 ft tall according to the National Geodetic Survey -LRB- measured 2013 -- 14 -RRB- or 555 ft tall according to the National Park Service -LRB- measured 1884 -RRB- . It is the tallest monumental column in the world if all are measured above their pedestrian entrances . Construction of the monument began in 1848 , and was halted from 1854 to 1877 due to a lack of funds , a struggle for control over the Washington National Monument Society , and the intervention of the American Civil War . Although the stone structure was completed in 1884 , internal ironwork , the knoll , and other finishing touches were not completed until 1888 . A difference in shading of the marble , visible approximately 150 ft or 27 % up , shows where construction was halted and later resumed with marble from a different source . The original design was by Robert Mills , but he did not include his proposed colonnade due to a lack of funds , proceeding only with a bare obelisk . Despite many proposals to embellish the obelisk , only its original flat top was altered to a pointed marble pyramidion , in 1884 . The cornerstone was laid on July 4 , 1848 ; the first stone was laid atop the unfinished stump on ; the capstone was set on ; the completed monument was dedicated on ; and officially opened . Upon completion , it became the world 's tallest structure , a title previously held by the Cologne Cathedral . The monument held this designation until 1889 , when the Eiffel Tower was completed in Paris , France . The monument was damaged during the 2011 Virginia earthquake and Hurricane Irene in the same year and remained closed to the public while the structure was assessed and repaired . After 32 months of repairs , the National Park Service and the Trust for the National Mall reopened the Washington Monument to visitors on . As of September 2016 , the monument has been closed indefinitely due to reliability issues with the current elevator system . On December 2 , 2016 , the National Park Service announced that the monument would be closed until 2019 in order to modernize the elevator . The $ 2 to 3 million project will correct the elevator 's ongoing mechanical , electrical and computer issues , which have shuttered the monument since August 17 . The National Park Service has also requested funding in its FY 2017 President 's Budget Request to construct a permanent screening facility for the Washington Monument . The Washington Monument is expected to re-open to visitors in 2019 . ", "The Blackstone Apartments are located at 222 Summit Ave East in the Capitol Hill neighborhood of Seattle , Washington , United States . The apartment complex was designed and owned by J.S. Long and built by the Long Building Company in 1927 . The Long Building Company was known for designing and building many of the Bungalow-style homes , particularly in the First Hill neighborhood of Seattle under the guidance of Stanley Long . The building consists of 26 units with a mixture of 2 - , 3 - , 4 - , and 6-room suites ; it has a brick exterior with a great deal of mahogany woodwork in the interiors and built-ins throughout the units , and was originally fitted with Monarch electric stoves and Frigidaires . The complex was `` regarded as one of the most modern units of its kind in the city '' when it was completed . ", "The National Mall is a national park in downtown Washington , D.C. , the capital of the United States . The National Park Service -LRB- NPS -RRB- administers the National Mall , which is part of its National Mall and Memorial Parks unit . The term National Mall commonly includes areas that are officially part of West Potomac Park and Constitution Gardens to the west , and often is taken to refer to the entire area between the Lincoln Memorial and the United States Capitol , with the Washington Monument dividing the area slightly west of its midpoint . A smaller designation , sometimes referred to as the Mall proper , excludes both the Capitol grounds and the Washington Monument grounds , applying only to an area between them . The National Mall contains a number of museums and memorials and receives approximately 24 million visitors each year . ", "S. H. Barnicoat Monuments , S. H. Barnicoat Granite Works , or , more recently , Hancock Monument Co. was a granite workshop at 114 Columbia Street , at the corner of Centre Street , in Quincy , Massachusetts . It was housed in a rare surviving 19th-century granite workshop building dating to the 1890s , and was , at the time of its listing on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989 , one of the only 19th-century granite workshops operating in the city . Its main feature was a derrick more than 90 ft tall that was used to move granite around the property . The workshop has since been demolished and replaced by a Valvoline lubrication garage and Dunkin Donuts . ", "The Washington Cemetery is a historic rural cemetery on the outskirts of the city of Washington Court House in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Ohio . Established in the mid-19th century , the cemetery was transformed from a typical cemetery into a masterpiece of design during its first several decades . It is the burial place of several prominent political figures , and elements of its design have caused it to be designated a historic site . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Little_Dorrit", "Raquel_Señoret", "Pity_Is_Not_Enough", "Última_Hora_-LRB-Paraguay-RRB-", "Hans_Dichand" ]

[ "Little Dorrit is a novel by Charles Dickens , originally published in serial form between 1855 and 1857 . It satirises the shortcomings of both government and society , including the institution of debtors ' prisons , where debtors were imprisoned , unable to work , until they repaid their debts . The prison in this case is the Marshalsea , where Dickens 's own father had been imprisoned . Dickens is also critical of the lack of a social safety net , the treatment and safety of industrial workers , as well the bureaucracy of the British Treasury , in the form of his fictional `` Circumlocution Office '' . In addition he satirises the stratification of society that results from the British class system . ", "Raquel Señoret -LRB- October 10 , 1922 -- November 27 , 1990 -RRB- was a Chilean poet . She was the youngest daughter of the Chilean ambassador to London . On 8 June 1940 , aged seventeen , she married John Watney . His first published book , Sunstroke , is dedicated to her . Even at that young age , she was writing poetry . She considered her poems her most precious possessions and kept them stored in a hat-box for easy evacuation should the house be bombed . The marriage did not last and they were divorced on 18 June 1945 . She returned to Chile on 4 July 1945 . They had no children . They remained friends and corresponded with each other until her death in 1990 . Their time together in 1940 is described in Watney 's book He Also Served -LRB- Hamish Hamilton , 1971 , SBN 241 02011 5 -RRB- . Senoret wrote cantos with verses of three long lines each . Her most important work is Anagogias -LRB- Ediciones Documentas , Guayaquil , 1988 -RRB- , an anthology of three separate works , each consisting of a dozen or more cantos : El Infinito y su Reflejo -LRB- The Infinite and its Reflex -RRB- , El Sortilegio de la Imaginacion -LRB- The Sortilege of Imagination -RRB- , and Presencia en el Tiempo -LRB- Presence of Time -RRB- . She had three children : Lucas , Javier and Paula . ", "Pity is Not Enough is a 1933 semi-autobiographical modernist novel by American author Josephine Herbst and the first book in her Trexler family trilogy . It is followed by The Executioner Waits -LRB- 1934 -RRB- , and Rope of Gold -LRB- 1939 -RRB- . The novels interrelate United States history from Reconstruction to the Great Depression with Herbst 's family history , reflecting the ideological crises of the early twentieth century . The trilogy has been compared with John Dos Passos 's major work , the U.S.A. trilogy , which was published in the same decade . ", "Última Hora is a newspaper published in Paraguay . It was founded in 1973 , with Isaac Kostianovsky , known as `` Kostia '' , its founding editor . Founded as an evening newspaper , it launched a morning edition in 1999 , and ceased publication of the evening edition in 2002 . It launched a Sunday edition in 2004 , after 30 years of operating Monday-to-Saturday . The parent company Editorial El País was taken over by Antonio J. Vierci in March 2003 . ", "Hans Dichand -LRB- 29 January 1921 , Graz -- 17 June 2010 , Vienna -RRB- was an Austrian journalist , writer , and media businessman . He published the tabloid newspaper Kronen Zeitung , Austria 's largest newspaper in terms of readership , in which at the time of his death he held a 50 % stake . As the publisher and majority owner of this newspaper Dichand became a highly significant political power factor during recent decades . Although this influence is direct only in Austria , it indirectly affects the European Union through the behavior of the Austrian government , which can not afford to ignore the Kronen Zeitung . " ]

[ 1, 1, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Cyprus", "London_Protocol_-LRB-1829-RRB-", "Transport_in_Cyprus", "Cyprus_Convention", "Freedom_of_religion_in_Cyprus" ]

[ "Cyprus -LRB- -LSB- ˈsaɪprəs -RSB- -LSB- Κύπρος , Kýpros -RSB- -LSB- ˈcipros -RSB- ; Kıbrıs -LSB- ˈkɯbɾɯs -RSB- -RRB- , officially the Republic of Cyprus -LRB- -LSB- Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία , Kypriakí Demokratía , links = no -RSB- -LSB- Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti , links = no -RSB- -RRB- , is an island country in the Eastern Mediterranean and the third largest and third most populous island in the Mediterranean . It is located south of Turkey , west of Syria and Lebanon , northwest of Israel and Palestine , north of Egypt , and southeast of Greece . The earliest known human activity on the island dates to around the 10th millennium BC . Archaeological remains from this period include the well-preserved Neolithic village of Khirokitia , and Cyprus is home to some of the oldest water wells in the world . Cyprus was settled by Mycenaean Greeks in two waves in the 2nd millennium BC . As a strategic location in the Middle East , it was subsequently occupied by several major powers , including the empires of the Assyrians , Egyptians and Persians , from whom the island was seized in 333 BC by Alexander the Great . Subsequent rule by Ptolemaic Egypt , the Classical and Eastern Roman Empire , Arab caliphates for a short period , the French Lusignan dynasty and the Venetians , was followed by over three centuries of Ottoman rule between 1571 and 1878 -LRB- de jure until 1914 -RRB- . Cyprus was placed under British administration based on Cyprus Convention in 1878 and formally annexed by Britain in 1914 . While Turkish Cypriots made up 18 % of the population , the partition of Cyprus and creation of a Turkish state in the north became a policy of Turkish Cypriot leaders and Turkey in the 1950s . Turkish leaders for a period advocated the annexation of Cyprus to Turkey as Cyprus was considered an `` extension of Anatolia '' by them ; while since the 19th century , the majority Greek Cypriot population and its Orthodox church had been pursuing union with Greece , which became a Greek national policy in the 1950s . Following nationalist violence in the 1950s , Cyprus was granted independence in 1960 . In 1963 , the 11-year intercommunal violence between Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots started , which displaced more than 25,000 Turkish Cypriots and brought the end of Turkish Cypriot representation in the republic . On 15 July 1974 , a coup d'état was staged by Greek Cypriot nationalists and elements of the Greek military junta in an attempt at enosis , the incorporation of Cyprus into Greece . This action precipitated the Turkish invasion of Cyprus , which led to the capture of the present-day territory of Northern Cyprus the following month , after a ceasefire collapsed , and the displacement of over 150,000 Greek Cypriots and 50,000 Turkish Cypriots . A separate Turkish Cypriot state in the north was established by unilateral declaration in 1983 ; the move was widely condemned by the international community , with Turkey alone recognizing the new state . These events and the resulting political situation are matters of a continuing dispute . The Republic of Cyprus has de jure sovereignty over the entire island , including its territorial waters and exclusive economic zone , with the exception of the Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia , which remain under British control according to the London and Zürich Agreements . However , the Republic of Cyprus is de facto partitioned into two main parts : the area under the effective control of the Republic , located in the south and west , and comprising about 59 % of the island 's area ; and the north , administered by the self-declared Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus , covering about 36 % of the island 's area . Another nearly 4 % of the island 's area is covered by the UN buffer zone . The international community considers the northern part of the island as territory of the Republic of Cyprus occupied by Turkish forces . The occupation is viewed as illegal under international law , amounting to illegal occupation of EU territory since Cyprus became a member of the European Union . Cyprus is a major tourist destination in the Mediterranean . With an advanced , high-income economy and a very high Human Development Index , the Republic of Cyprus has been a member of the Commonwealth since 1961 and was a founding member of the Non-Aligned Movement until it joined the European Union on 1 May 2004 . On 1 January 2008 , the Republic of Cyprus joined the eurozone . ", "The London Protocol of 22 March 1829 was an agreement between the three Great Powers -LRB- Britain , France and Russia -RRB- , which amended the first London Protocol on the creation of an internally autonomous , but tributary Greek state under Ottoman suzerainty . As a result of the Greek War of Independence , which had begun in 1821 , and the Great Powers ' intervention in the conflict in the Battle of Navarino -LRB- 1827 -RRB- , the creation of some form of Greek state in southern Greece had become certain . In 1827 , the Greek Third National Assembly entrusted the governance of the fledgling nation to Ioannis Kapodistrias , who arrived in Greece in January 1828 . Alongside his efforts to lay the foundations for a modern state , Kapodistrias undertook negotiations with the Great Powers as to the extent and constitutional status of the new Greek state , especially during the Poros Conference of the Great Powers ' ambassadors in September 1828 . In November 1828 , disregarding the ambassadors ' recommendations , the Great Powers agreed on the first London Protocol , which created an autonomous Greek state encompassing the Peloponnese -LRB- Morea -RRB- and the Cyclades islands only . On 22 March 1829 , the British Foreign Minister , George Hamilton-Gordon , 4th Earl of Aberdeen , and the envoys of France and Russia , Jules de Polignac and Christoph von Lieven , signed the second London Protocol , which largely accepted the recommendations of the Poros Conference . According to the protocol , Greece would become a separate state enjoying complete autonomy under the rule of a hereditary Christian prince to be selected by the Powers , but recognize the suzerainty of the Ottoman Sultan and pay an annual tribute of 1.5 million Turkish piastres . The borders of the new state would run along the line of the Gulf of Arta in the west to the Pagasetic Gulf in the east , thereby including the Peloponnese and Continental Greece , as well as the Cyclades , but neither Crete nor other Aegean islands like Samos which had played a major part in the War of Independence and were still under Greek control . The Ottoman Empire was forced to acknowledge the protocol in the Treaty of Adrianople , which concluded the Russo-Turkish War of 1828 -- 29 , but soon after this , the Powers began to turn towards complete independence for Greece , which was recognized in the London Protocol of 3 February 1830 . Category :1829 in London Category : History of modern Greece Category :1829 treaties Category :1829 in the United Kingdom Category : Greece -- United Kingdom relations Category : Greek War of Independence Category : Treaties of the United Kingdom -LRB- 1801 -- 1922 -RRB- Category : Treaties of the Bourbon Restoration Category : Treaties of the Russian Empire Category :1829 in British law ", "Because Cyprus has no working railway system , various other methods of transport are needed to ensure the proper delivery of any cargo , be it human or freight . Since the last railway was dismantled in 1952 , the only remaining modes of transport are by motorways , by sea , and by air . ", "The Cyprus Convention of 4 June 1878 was a secret agreement reached between the United Kingdom and the Ottoman Empire which granted control of Cyprus to Great Britain in exchange for its support of the Ottomans during the Congress of Berlin . This agreement was the result of secret negotiations that took place earlier in 1878 . The Convention was abrogated by the British in November 1914 , when Britain and the Ottoman Empire found themselves at war with each other . ", "The Constitution of the Republic of Cyprus provides for freedom of religion , and the Government generally respected this right in practice . There were few reports of societal abuses or discrimination based on religious belief or practice , and prominent societal leaders took positive steps to promote religious freedom . " ]

[ 1, 1, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "The_Other_Side_of_Me_-LRB-Andy_Williams_album-RRB-", "See_You_on_the_Other_Side_-LRB-Korn_album-RRB-", "The_Other_Side_-LRB-Chris_Hillman_album-RRB-", "You_and_Me_-LRB-Dave_Matthews_Band_song-RRB-", "Your_Side" ]

[ "The Other Side of Me is an album by American pop singer Andy Williams that was released in the summer of 1975 by Columbia Records . Although it did not make it onto Billboard magazine 's Top LP 's & Tapes chart in the US , it did spend one week on the UK album chart in October 1975 at number 60 . The UK version of the album included one additional track , `` Love Said Goodbye '' which had entered Billboard '' 's list of the 40 most popular Easy Listening songs of the week in the US in the issue dated January 11 , 1975 , and reached number 24 over the course of seven weeks . The first song released from the US version of the album was `` Sad Eyes '' , which entered the Easy Listening chart in the October 11 , 1975 , issue and stayed there for seven weeks , peaking at number 11 , and the title track from the album entered the UK singles chart on March 6 , 1976 , for a three-week stay that took the song to number 42 . The North American version of The Other Side of Me was released on compact disc for the first time as one of two albums on one CD by Collectables Records on February 19 , 2002 , the other album being Williams 's Columbia release from the fall of 1974 , You Lay So Easy on My Mind . Collectables included this CD in a box set entitled Classic Album Collection , Vol . 2 '' , which contains 15 of his studio albums and two compilations and was released on November 29 , 2002 . ", "See You on the Other Side is the seventh studio album by Korn . It was released on December 6 , 2005 , by Virgin Records . It is their first album without long-time guitarist Brian `` Head '' Welch and the last album with original drummer David Silveria . The album was first certified gold in the United States on January 12 , 2006 ; a subsequent platinum record certification was awarded on March 16 , 2006 . The album is best known for the involvement of renowned production team ` The Matrix ' , best known for coproduction on works by Avril Lavigne , Britney Spears , and Shakira , who managed to give Korn 's music a different sound . The album features layout design and an original painting by the American surrealist / gothic painter David Stoupakis as a cover , eleven more paintings by the artist appear for the additional artwork and the deluxe special edition . ", "The Other Side is a Chris Hillman Album , released in 2005 . It contains a countryfied version of The Byrds 1966 single `` Eight Miles High '' . ", "`` You and Me '' is the third single from American rock band Dave Matthews Band 's album Big Whiskey & the GrooGrux King . Matthews wrote the lyrics whilst crossing Saratoga Lake on a boat in mid-August 2007 . It was recorded in early 2008 and was one of the earliest songs finished for Big Whiskey . The song was played live on June 6 , 2009 , in Hartford , Connecticut , four days after the album 's release . Customers who purchased the iTunes Pass for the album received two bonus versions of `` You and Me '' on September 1 , 2009 , including an acoustic version of the song recorded in the studio and a live version recorded June 12 , 2009 , at Saratoga Performing Arts Center , Saratoga Springs , New York . Dave Matthews Band appeared on Ellen on September 16 , 2009 , to play an outdoor concert on the Warner Bros. lot in Burbank , California . During the broadcast , the band played `` You and Me '' . ", "Your Side is Taiwanese Mandopop artist Stanley Huang 's debut Mandarin solo studio album . It was released on 1 March 2000 by EMI Music Taiwan . " ]

[ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Gray_Matters", "Natasha_Lyonne", "Steve_Gray_-LRB-TV_presenter-RRB-", "Elisha_Cuthbert", "Hannah_and_Her_Sisters" ]

[ "Gray Matters is a 2006 romantic comedy film directed by Sue Kramer , starring Heather Graham , Tom Cavanagh and Bridget Moynahan . It premiered on October 21 , 2006 at the Hamptons International Film Festival and had a United States limited theatrical release on February 23 , 2007 . ", "Natasha Bianca Lyonne Braunstein -LRB- born April 4 , 1979 -RRB- , better known as Natasha Lyonne , is an American actress . She is best known for her role as Jessica in the American Pie series and her appearances in the films Everyone Says I Love You , Slums of Beverly Hills , But I 'm a Cheerleader , and Blade : Trinity . She currently portrays Nicky Nichols in the Netflix series Orange Is the New Black , for which she received a nomination for the 2014 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series . ", "Steven `` Steve '' Gray -LRB- born 11 July 1965 -RRB- is a New Zealand blogger and broadcaster , best known as the former host and film reviewer of the weekday New Zealand morning television show , Good Morning . Before becoming a co-host , Gray was its long-serving film and DVD reviewer and gossip columnist . Gray was raised in Hamilton , New Zealand . He worked as a barman , actor , fence builder , painter , singing telegram , drag performer and nanny before branching into film and media . He began his career reviewing film and video on student radio station bFM in 1996 , and began appearing on television the following year . Steven is best known for his knowledge of musical theatre and American television series . In December 2009 , Television New Zealand decided to not renew his contract for his presenter role on Good Morning . No specific reason was given for this , but Gray later speculated it may have been due to his sexuality . Gray 's final episode of Good Morning was Friday 11 December 2009 . In April 2010 Gray launched showbiz news and social commentary blog The Real Steve Gray , which has become one of the most popular New Zealand blogs . In a January 2013 interview with Fairfax NZ , Gray claimed to have slept with a former All Black , sparking international interest from both gay and rugby media . In 2013 Gray joined the New Zealand cinema podcast Cinematica as part of the film review panel . ", "Elisha Ann Cuthbert -LRB- born November 30 , 1982 -RRB- is a Canadian actress and model . She became known for playing Kim Bauer in the series 24 , Darcie Goldberg in the college comedy Old School , Danielle in the teen comedy film The Girl Next Door , and Carly Jones in the 2005 remake of House of Wax . In 2013 , Maxim magazine named her `` TV 's most beautiful woman '' . At the age of 14 , Cuthbert made her feature film debut in the 1997 family-drama Dancing on the Moon . Her first major lead role came in the 1998 drama film Airspeed -LRB- No Control -RRB- alongside Joe Mantegna . In 2001 , she starred in the movie Lucky Girl , in which she received her first award , the Gemini Awards , but her career began in earnest in the 2000s when she played Kim Bauer , daughter of Jack Bauer in the action series 24 . Subsequently , Cuthbert appeared in the lead role in the films The Quiet -LRB- 2005 -RRB- and Captivity -LRB- 2007 -RRB- . From 2011 to 2013 , Cuthbert starred as Alex Kerkovich in the three seasons of the ABC comedy Happy Endings . ", "Hannah and Her Sisters is a 1986 American comedy-drama film which tells the intertwined stories of an extended family over two years that begins and ends with a family Thanksgiving dinner . The film was written and directed by Woody Allen , who stars along with Mia Farrow as Hannah , Michael Caine as her husband , and Barbara Hershey and Dianne Wiest as her sisters . The film 's ensemble cast also includes Carrie Fisher , Farrow 's mother Maureen O'Sullivan , Lloyd Nolan -LRB- who died in September 1985 , more than four months before the film 's release -RRB- , Max von Sydow and Julie Kavner . Daniel Stern , Richard Jenkins , Fred Melamed , Lewis Black , Joanna Gleason , John Turturro , and Julia Louis-Dreyfus all have minor roles , while Tony Roberts and Sam Waterston make uncredited cameo appearances . Several of Farrow 's children , including a pre-adolescent Soon-Yi Previn -LRB- who married Allen in 1997 -RRB- , have credited and uncredited roles , mostly as Thanksgiving extras . Hannah and Her Sisters was for a long time Allen 's biggest box office hit -LRB- forgoing adjustment for inflation -RRB- , with a North American gross of US$ 40 million . The film won Academy Awards for Best Original Screenplay , Best Supporting Actor , and Best Supporting Actress . It is often considered one of Allen 's major works , with critics continuing to praise its writing and ensemble cast . " ]

[ 2, 2, 2, 2, 2 ]

[ "Augustus_Prew", "Emanuel_Augustus", "Oscar_Humphries", "Barry_Irving", "Augustus_Mayhew" ]

[ "Augustus Prew -LRB- born september 17 , 1987 -RRB- is an English film and television actor . He is known for his roles in the films The Secret of Moonacre -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , Charlie St. Cloud -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , The Borgias -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , Kick-Ass 2 -LRB- 2013 -RRB- , and in the miniseries Klondike -LRB- 2014 -RRB- . He also played Drew Jessup on the TV series 24Seven -LRB- 2001 -- 2002 -RRB- . Prew was born in Westminster , London , England and is the son of Wendy Dagworthy , a fashion designer , and Jonathan W. Prew , a photographer . ", "Emanuel Augustus -LRB- born January 2 , 1975 -RRB- , previously known as Emanuel Ya ` kov Burton , is an American former professional boxer who fought out of Brownsville , Texas . He faced top level competition throughout his career , winning the IBA light welterweight title in 2004 . ", "Oscar Humphries -LRB- born April 1981 -RRB- is an Australian fine art and design dealer and journalist . He was editor of the The Spectator art magazine Apollo from 2010 until 2013 . Born in Sydney , his parents are the satirist Barry Humphries and surrealist painter Diane Millstead and he was educated at Bryanston School and Stowe School . Since 2000 , he has written on a variety of subjects including art and design for British newspapers and magazines , including The Sunday Times and Tatler . In 2007 Humphries was made a contributing editor of The Spectator and was the launch editor of The Spectator Australia in 2008 . As director of Sebastian + Barquet London he curated shows on Carlo Mollino , Paolo Venini and Rick Owens . As head of international sales for Timothy Taylor Gallery he curated `` The Tightrope Walker '' with Emma Dexter . In 2016 , he curated the exhibition ` Albers & the Bauhaus ' , examining the artist 's pre-war output in the context of the work of his peers . ", "Barry Irving -LRB- born 31 December 1979 in Sevenoaks , England -RRB- is an English born former Scotland ` A ' international rugby union player . He plays at Fly-half . Irving qualifies for Scotland as his father was born near Canonbie in Dumfrieshire . He was capped by Scotland A against New Zealand in 2001 , confirming his Scottish nationality . He was called up for the full Senior squad in 2000 by Ian McGeechan but not used . He started playing rugby for his local club Sevenoaks but in season 1998-99 he joined London Scottish . He made a try scoring debut for London Scottish against Saracens , four days before his nineteenth birthday . He joined Glasgow at the start of the 1999-2000 season . Unfortunately he became blighted with injury and had very few run outs with the Glasgow side . He left Glasgow Warriors at the end of the 2002-03 season to sign for French side Tarbes who play in the French Pro D2 league . He played 22 matches for the French club but left them after one season . He then signed for Italian club Amatori Catania . In season 2005-06 he was nominated for Player of the Year in Italy . He later played for Rugby Parma from 2007-08 season to 2010 . ", "Augustus Septimus Mayhew -LRB- 1826 -- 25 December 1875 -RRB- was an English journalist and author , born in London . He wrote in collaboration with his brother Henry such works as The Greatest Plague of Life , or the Adventures of a Lady in Search of a Good Servant -LRB- 1847 , illustrated by George Cruikshank -RRB- , and he joined H. S. Edwards in the production of such farces as The Goose and the Golden Eggs -LRB- Strand Theatre , 1859 -RRB- ; Christmas Boxes -LRB- Strand , 1860 -RRB- ; The Four Cousins -LRB- Globe Theatre , 1871 -RRB- . From 1848 to 1850 he edited The Comic Almanac , to which he had been a contributor since 1845 , and his individual productions include Paved with Gold , or the Romance and Reality of the London Streets -LRB- 1857 -RRB- and Faces for Fortunes -LRB- three volumes , 1865 -RRB- . " ]

[ 1, 0, 1, 0, 1 ]

[ "Saw_II", "See_You_in_Jail", "Walt_Disney_Treasures-COLON-_Wave_Four", "Gifts_-LRB-song-RRB-", "The_Man_from_U.N.C.L.E._-LRB-film-RRB-" ]

[ "Saw II is a 2005 American horror film , a sequel to 2004 's Saw and the second installment in the seven-part Saw franchise , directed and co-written by Darren Lynn Bousman . Co-written with series creator Leigh Whannell , it stars Donnie Wahlberg , Franky G , Glenn Plummer , Beverley Mitchell , Dina Meyer , Emmanuelle Vaugier , Erik Knudsen , Shawnee Smith , and Tobin Bell . The film features Jigsaw being apprehended by the police , but trapping the arresting officer in one of his own games while showing another game of eight people -- including the officer 's son -- in progress on TV monitors at another location . It also explores some of John Kramer 's backstory , providing a partial explanation of his reason for becoming Jigsaw . After the financial success of Saw , a sequel was immediately green-lit . Leigh Whannell and James Wan were busy preparing for their next film and were unable to write or direct . Bousman wrote a script called The Desperate before Saw was released and was looking for a producer but many studios rejected it . Hoffman received the script and showed it to his partners Mark Burg and Oren Koules . It was decided that , with some changes , it could be made into Saw II . Whannell became available to provide rewrites of the script . The film was given a larger budget and was shot from May to June 2005 in Toronto . Saw II was released on October 28 , 2005 and , despite mixed reviews from critics , was a financial success , with opening takings of $ 31.9 million and grossing $ 88 million in the United States and Canada . It has remained the highest grossing Saw film in those countries . Bell was nominated for `` Best Villain '' at the 2006 MTV Movie Awards for his role as Jigsaw in the film . Saw II was released to DVD on and topped charts its first week , selling more than 3 million units . At the time , it was the fastest-selling theatrical DVD in Lionsgate 's history . It was followed by Saw III which released October 2006 . ", "See You in Jail is a 1927 silent film comedy directed by Joseph Henabery and starring Jack Mulhall . The film was produced by Ray Rocket and distributed through First National Pictures . ", "The fourth wave of Walt Disney Treasures was released December 7 , 2004 . This is the only wave that comes in White cases , and is the final wave that is in double DVD cases . Starting with this wave , the side strap was replaced with seal wrap with stickers and the back was no longer printed on the tin but included as a card glued to the back . ", "`` Gifts '' is the second single from Ray J 's album All I Feel . The video was released on June 12 , 2008 . ", "The Man from U.N.C.L.E. is a 2015 American action comedy film directed by Guy Ritchie and written by Ritchie and Lionel Wigram . It is based on the 1964 MGM television series of the same name , which was created by Ian Fleming , Norman Felton and Sam Rolfe . The film stars Henry Cavill , Armie Hammer , Alicia Vikander , Elizabeth Debicki , Jared Harris and Hugh Grant . The film was produced by RatPac-Dune Entertainment and Davis Entertainment . In 1993 , John Davis obtained the rights for a film adaptation based on the original series . However , the film fell into development hell due to multiple script rewrites . Over the years , Matthew Vaughn , David Dobkin and Steven Soderbergh were optioned for directing until Ritchie signed on in March 2013 . The film premiered at Barcelona on August 2 , 2015 and was released on August 14 by Warner Bros. . Pictures , receiving mixed reviews and was a box office disappointment , grossing only $ 109 million worldwide against a $ 75 million budget . Vikander , with a number of films that year , won awards from three different critics associations for Actor of the Year and Breakthrough Film Artist . The Man from U.N.C.L.E. was released on DVD and Blu-ray on November 17 , 2015 by Warner Home Video . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 2 ]

[ "Gray_Matters", "Danny_Cooksey", "Clancy_Brown", "Ben_Barnes_-LRB-actor-RRB-", "Steve_Gray_-LRB-TV_presenter-RRB-" ]

[ "Gray Matters is a 2006 romantic comedy film directed by Sue Kramer , starring Heather Graham , Tom Cavanagh and Bridget Moynahan . It premiered on October 21 , 2006 at the Hamptons International Film Festival and had a United States limited theatrical release on February 23 , 2007 . ", "Daniel Ray Allen `` Danny '' Cooksey , Jr. -LRB- born November 2 , 1975 -RRB- is an American actor and singer . He is best known for his television roles , such as Diff ` rent Strokes during the final three seasons , The Cavanaughs , Salute Your Shorts and the voice of Montana Max in Tiny Toon Adventures . ", "Clarence J. `` Clancy '' Brown III -LRB- born January 5 , 1959 -RRB- is an American actor and voice actor known for his roles as The Kurgan in the fantasy film Highlander , Captain Byron Hadley in prison drama film The Shawshank Redemption and Brother Justin Crowe in the television series Carnivàle . Brown has also provided his voice to many films , television series , and video games , including Lex Luthor in various media , Doctor Neo Cortex in the Crash Bandicoot video game series , and Mr. Krabs in the animated series SpongeBob SquarePants . He also voices Alec Ryder in Mass Effect : Andromeda . ", "Benjamin Thomas `` Ben '' Barnes -LRB- born 20 August 1981 -RRB- is an English actor . He is known for his portrayal of Caspian X in The Chronicles of Narnia films Prince Caspian and The Voyage of the Dawn Treader , for playing the title character in the 2009 adaptation of Dorian Gray , for his supporting roles in the films The Words and The Big Wedding , and for his portrayal of American Founding Father Samuel Adams in the 2015 miniseries Sons of Liberty . ", "Steven `` Steve '' Gray -LRB- born 11 July 1965 -RRB- is a New Zealand blogger and broadcaster , best known as the former host and film reviewer of the weekday New Zealand morning television show , Good Morning . Before becoming a co-host , Gray was its long-serving film and DVD reviewer and gossip columnist . Gray was raised in Hamilton , New Zealand . He worked as a barman , actor , fence builder , painter , singing telegram , drag performer and nanny before branching into film and media . He began his career reviewing film and video on student radio station bFM in 1996 , and began appearing on television the following year . Steven is best known for his knowledge of musical theatre and American television series . In December 2009 , Television New Zealand decided to not renew his contract for his presenter role on Good Morning . No specific reason was given for this , but Gray later speculated it may have been due to his sexuality . Gray 's final episode of Good Morning was Friday 11 December 2009 . In April 2010 Gray launched showbiz news and social commentary blog The Real Steve Gray , which has become one of the most popular New Zealand blogs . In a January 2013 interview with Fairfax NZ , Gray claimed to have slept with a former All Black , sparking international interest from both gay and rugby media . In 2013 Gray joined the New Zealand cinema podcast Cinematica as part of the film review panel . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Internet_access", "Internet_in_the_Philippines", "Internet", "World_Wide_Web", "AUSTPAC" ]

[ "Internet access is ability of individuals and organizations to connect to the Internet using computer terminals , computers , mobile devices ; and to access services such as email and the World Wide Web . Various technologies , at a wide range of speeds have been used by Internet service providers -LRB- ISPs -RRB- to provide this service . Internet access was once rare , but has grown rapidly . In 1995 , only .04 percent of the world 's population had access , with well over half of those living in the United States , and consumer use was through dial-up . By the first decade of the 21st century , many consumers in developed nations used faster broadband technology , and by 2014 , 41 percent of the world 's population had access , broadband was almost ubiquitous worldwide , and global average connection speeds exceeded 4 Mbit/s . ", "Internet in the Philippines first became available on March 29 , 1994 , with the Philippine Network Foundation -LRB- PHNet -RRB- connecting the country and its people to Sprint in the United States via a 64 kbit/s link . As of 2016 , more than 44,000,000 people used the internet in the country , accounting for 43.5 % of the total population . ", "The Internet is the global system of interconnected computer networks that use the Internet protocol suite -LRB- TCP/IP -RRB- to link devices worldwide . It is a network of networks that consists of private , public , academic , business , and government networks of local to global scope , linked by a broad array of electronic , wireless , and optical networking technologies . The Internet carries an extensive range of information resources and services , such as the inter-linked hypertext documents and applications of the World Wide Web -LRB- WWW -RRB- , electronic mail , telephony , and file sharing . The origins of the Internet date back to research commissioned by the United States federal government in the 1960s to build robust , fault-tolerant communication via computer networks . The primary precursor network , the ARPANET , initially served as a backbone for interconnection of regional academic and military networks in the 1980s . The funding of the National Science Foundation Network as a new backbone in the 1980s , as well as private funding for other commercial extensions , led to worldwide participation in the development of new networking technologies , and the merger of many networks . The linking of commercial networks and enterprises by the early 1990s marks the beginning of the transition to the modern Internet , and generated a sustained exponential growth as generations of institutional , personal , and mobile computers were connected to the network . Although the Internet was widely used by academia since the 1980s , the commercialization incorporated its services and technologies into virtually every aspect of modern life . Internet use grew rapidly in the West from the mid-1990s and from the late 1990s in the developing world . In the two decades since then , Internet use has grown 100-times , measured for the period of one year , to over one third of the world population . Most traditional communications media , including telephony , radio , television , paper mail and newspapers are being reshaped or redefined by the Internet , giving birth to new services such as email , Internet telephony , Internet television , online music , digital newspapers , and video streaming websites . Newspaper , book , and other print publishing are adapting to website technology , or are reshaped into blogging , web feeds and online news aggregators . The Internet has enabled and accelerated new forms of personal interactions through instant messaging , Internet forums , and social networking . Online shopping has grown exponentially both for major retailers and small businesses and entrepreneurs , as it enables firms to extend their `` brick and mortar '' presence to serve a larger market or even sell goods and services entirely online . Business-to-business and financial services on the Internet affect supply chains across entire industries . The Internet has no centralized governance in either technological implementation or policies for access and usage ; each constituent network sets its own policies . Only the overreaching definitions of the two principal name spaces in the Internet , the Internet Protocol address space and the Domain Name System -LRB- DNS -RRB- , are directed by a maintainer organization , the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers -LRB- ICANN -RRB- . The technical underpinning and standardization of the core protocols is an activity of the Internet Engineering Task Force -LRB- IETF -RRB- , a non-profit organization of loosely affiliated international participants that anyone may associate with by contributing technical expertise . ", "The World Wide Web -LRB- abbreviated WWW or the Web -RRB- is an information space where documents and other web resources are identified by Uniform Resource Locators -LRB- URLs -RRB- , interlinked by hypertext links , and can be accessed via the Internet . English scientist Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web in 1989 . He wrote the first web browser computer program in 1990 while employed at CERN in Switzerland . The Web browser was released outside of CERN in 1991 , first to other research institutions starting in January 1991 and to the general public on the Internet in August 1991 . The World Wide Web has been central to the development of the Information Age and is the primary tool billions of people use to interact on the Internet . Web pages are primarily text documents formatted and annotated with Hypertext Markup Language -LRB- HTML -RRB- . In addition to formatted text , web pages may contain images , video , audio , and software components that are rendered in the user 's web browser as coherent pages of multimedia content . Embedded hyperlinks permit users to navigate between web pages . Multiple web pages with a common theme , a common domain name , or both , make up a website . Website content can largely be provided by the publisher , or interactive where users contribute content or the content depends upon the user or their actions . Websites may be mostly informative , primarily for entertainment , or largely for commercial , governmental , or non-governmental organisational purposes . In the 2006 Great British Design Quest organised by the BBC and the Design Museum , the World Wide Web was voted among the top 10 British design icons . ", "AUSTPAC was a public X. 25 network operated by Telstra . Started by Telecom Australia in 1982 , AUSTPAC was Australia 's first public packet-switched data network , supporting applications such as online betting , financial applications -LRB- the Australian Taxation Office has made use of AUSTPAC -RRB- and remote terminal access to academic institutions , some of which maintained their connections to AUSTPAC up until the mid to late 1990s . Austpac could be accessed by dial-up to a PAD or by linking an X. 25 node to the network permanently . The Austpac general access telephone number was 01924 within Australia . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ]

[ "Anchises", "Aphrodite", "Hephaestus_in_popular_culture", "Rhoeo", "Pyrilampes" ]

[ "In Greek mythology , Anchises -LRB- -LSB- ænˈkaɪsiːz -RSB- or -LSB- æŋˈkaɪsiːz -RSB- ; , -LSB- aŋkʰi͜ísɛ͜ɛs -RSB- -RRB- was the son of Capys and Themiste -LRB- daughter of Ilus , who was son of Tros -RRB- . He was the father of Aeneas and a member of the royal family of Troy . His major claim to fame in Greek mythology is that he was a mortal lover of the goddess Aphrodite -LRB- and in Roman mythology , the lover of Venus -RRB- . One version is that Aphrodite pretended to be a Phrygian princess and seduced him . She later revealed herself and informed him that they would have a son named Aeneas . Aphrodite had warned him that if he boasted of the affair , he would be blasted by the thunderbolt of Zeus . He did not heed her warning and was struck with a thunderbolt , which in different versions either blinds him or kills him . The principal early narrative of Aphrodite 's seduction of Anchises and the birth of Aeneas is the Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite . According to the Bibliotheca , Anchises and Aphrodite had another son , Lyrus , who died childless . He later had a mortal wife named Eriopis , according to the scholiasts , and he is credited with other children beside Aeneas and Lyrus . Homer , in the Iliad , mentions a daughter named Hippodameia , their eldest -LRB- `` the darling of her father and mother '' -RRB- , who married her cousin Alcathous . After the defeat of Troy in the Trojan War , the elderly Anchises was carried from the burning city by his son Aeneas , accompanied by Aeneas ' wife Creusa , who died in the escape attempt , and small son Ascanius . The subject is depicted in several paintings , including a famous version by Federico Barocci in the Galleria Borghese in Rome . The rescue is also mentioned in a speech in Shakespeare 's Julius Caesar when Cassius attempts to persuade Brutus to murder Caesar . Anchises himself died and was buried in Sicily many years later . Aeneas later visited Hades and saw his father again in the Elysian Fields . Homer 's Iliad mentions another Anchises , a wealthy native of Sicyon in Greece and father of Echepolus . ", "Aphrodite -LRB- -LSB- æfrəˈdaɪti -RSB- ; Greek : Αφροδίτη -LRB- Afrodíti -RRB- -RRB- is the Greek goddess of love , beauty , pleasure , and procreation . She is identified with the planet Venus ; her Roman equivalent is the goddess -LSB- Venus -LRB- mythology -RRB- , Venus -RSB- . Myrtle , roses , doves , sparrows and swans were sacred to her . In Hesiod 's Theogony , Aphrodite was created from the sea foam -LRB- aphros -RRB- produced by Uranus 's genitals , which had been severed by Cronus . In Homer 's Iliad , however , she is the daughter of Zeus and Dione . In Plato -LRB- Symposium , 180e -RRB- , these two origins are said to be of hitherto separate entities : Aphrodite Ourania -LRB- a transcendent , `` Heavenly '' Aphrodite -RRB- and Aphrodite Pandemos -LRB- Aphrodite common to `` all the people '' -RRB- . She had many other names , each emphasising a different aspect of the same goddess , or used by a different local cult . Thus she was also known as Cytherea -LRB- Lady of Cythera -RRB- and Cypris -LRB- Lady of Cyprus -RRB- , both of which claimed to be her place of birth . In Greek myth , the other gods feared that Aphrodite 's beauty might lead to conflict and war , through rivalry for her favours ; so Zeus married her off to Hephaestus . Despite this , Aphrodite followed her own inclinations , and had many lovers -- both gods , such as Ares , and men , such as Anchises . She played a role in the Eros and Psyche legend , and was both lover and surrogate mother of Adonis . Many lesser beings were said to be children of Aphrodite . ", "Hephaestus makes many appearances in popular culture . Hephaestus participates in a story science fiction duology Ilium/Olympos by Dan Simmons . Hephaestus crafts a mechanical replica of the owl Bubo in the 1981 film Clash of the Titans . Hephaestus plays a role in the 2010 video game God of War III and is voiced by actor Rip Torn ; he assists protagonist Kratos by providing him with new weapons , the electrically based Nemesis Whip , but betrays Kratos and in turn is killed by him in an attempt to keep him away from his created daughter Pandora . He also created the weapon , the Gauntlet of Zeus , that appears in the 2008 video game God of War : Chains of Olympus . In the God of War novel -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , it is revealed that he created Kratos ' Blades of Chaos in Tartarus -LRB- the original video game only said that Ares had them forged in Tartarus but did not state who forged them -RRB- . In Diablo II , the player has to kill Hephasto the Armorer in order to complete a quest . Hephaestus appears in several episodes of the TV series Hercules : The Legendary Journeys and Xena : Warrior Princess . He is portrayed by the actors Julian Garner and Jason Hoyte . Hephaestus appears in the Pastoral Symphony segment of the 1940 Disney film Fantasia . He is shown forging thunderbolts for Zeus to throw at Dionysus . However , while Zeus kept his Greek name , the animators referred to Hephaestus and Dionysus by their Roman names , Vulcan and Bacchus . Hephaestus appeared in the 1997 Disney movie , Hercules and the animated series based on it , as one of the gods upon Mount Olympus and the brother of Hercules . He is shown to be engaged to Aphrodite and hates it when Hades flirts with her . Hephaestus appears in Justice League Unlimited Hephaestus appears in the fourth book in the Percy Jackson and the Olympians series , The Battle of the Labyrinth and in the Heroes of Olympus series , `` The Lost Hero '' as the father of Leo Valdez . In these series , his workshop is shown to have moved from Mount Aetna to Mount St. Helens . In John C. Wright 's Titans of Chaos , Hephaestus -LRB- Mulciber -RRB- is one of the powerful gods who attends the conference on what to do with the children ; he offers Amelia a job as part of their plan to split the children up . Vulcan appears in The Apotheosis of Washington , producing a cannon and a steam engine . Hephaestus was also visited by German adventurer Baron Munchausen . This visit was also pictured in 1988 film `` The Adventures of Baron Munchausen '' by Terry Gilliam . In the 2012 film `` Wrath of the Titans '' , Hephaestus is played by Bill Nighy . He is , in the film , credited with the creation of Tartarus and the forging of the weapons of the gods . In Homestuck Hephaestus is the denizen , a sort of final boss , in Land of Heat and Clockwork . It is assumed that he is the denizen of all time-players . In the video game Smite Hephaestus appears in-game under his Roman name Vulcan , he is a playable god whose role is a mage . He also has a prosthetic left leg and right hand , in reference to both his lameness from mythology and his own ingenuity and peerless craftsmanship . In David Weber 's Honorverse , Hephaestus is the name of the Star Kingdom of Manticore 's primary orbital warship construction and repair platform . In its 2013 Expansion -LRB- based on Greek and Roman Mythology -RRB- entitled Theros , Magic , The Gathering paralleled Hephaestus with the creature card `` Purphoros , God of the Forge '' mimicking his hammer as well . Hephaestus is a main character in the novel The Automation by the anonymous author `` B.L.A. and G.B. Gabbler . '' The other characters also call him Vulcan on occasion . Hephaestus is an important god in the light novel Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon ? and is the leader of the smith familia . This incarnation has been gender swapped . ", "In Greek mythology , Rhoeo -LRB- -LSB- ˈriːoʊ -RSB- Ῥοιώ -RRB- was a daughter of Staphylus and Chrysothemis , sister to Parthenos and Molpadia or Hemithea . Parthenius relates that she once experienced a great jealosy of her sister Hemithea when Staphylus arranged for the latter to spend a night with Lyrcus , his guest , whom both Hemithea and Rhoeo fell in love with . She became the lover of Apollo and by him the mother of Anius . When her father discovered her pregnancy , he believed she was impregnated by a man rather than a god . He placed her in a chest and cast her out to sea -LRB- parallel to Danae and Perseus -RRB- . She landed on the island of Delos , which was sacred to Apollo . She gave birth to a son on the island and named him Anius -LRB- as if from ἀνιάομαι `` to suffer '' -RRB- ; she then put him on the altar of Apollo and prayed to the god that the baby be saved if it was his . Apollo concealed the child for some time , taught him the art of divination and granted him certain honors . Rhoeo eventually married Zarex , son of Carystus or Carycus , who accepted Anius as his own , and had two more children with him . Later , Anius became a priest of Apollo and gave aid to Aeneas and his retinue when they were travelling from Troy to the future site of Rome . One source mentions Rhoeo as a possible mother of Jason with Aeson . ", "Pyrilampes was an ancient Athenian politician and stepfather of the philosopher Plato . His dates of birth and death are unknown , but according to estimations of Debra Nails , he must have been born after 480 BC and died before 413 BC . Pyrilampes had served many times as an ambassador to the Persian court and was a friend of Pericles , the leader of the democratic faction in Athens . He was injured at the Battle of Delium in 424 BC , when he was in his mid-fifties . Pyrilampes raised and showed peacocks , gifts he had received on his Asian embassies . Plutarch states accusations against Pyrilampes , according to which he used the peacocks to procure freeborn women for Pericles . Pyrilampes appears to have married his first wife in the late 440s ; he had a son from this marriage , Demus , who was famous for his beauty . Around 423 BC , Pyrilampes had been widowed and so was free to marry his niece , Perictione , Plato 's mother . Perictione gave birth to Pyrilampes ' second son , Antiphon , the half-brother of Plato , who appears in Parmenides in which he is said to have given up philosophy to devote most of his time to horses . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "Henry_of_France", "Henry_III_of_France", "Henry_IV_of_France", "Henry_III_of_England", "Henry_V_of_England" ]

[ "Henry of France may refer to : Henry I of France -LRB- 1008 -- 1060 -RRB- , King of France , reigned 1027 -- 1060 Henry II of France -LRB- 1519 -- 1559 -RRB- , King of France , reigned 1547 -- 1559 Henry III of France -LRB- 1551 -- 1589 -RRB- , King of France , reigned 1573 -- 1575 Henry IV of France -LRB- 1553 -- 1610 -RRB- , King of France , reigned 1589 -- 1610 Henry V of France -LRB- 1820 -- 1883 -RRB- , pretender , 19th century Henry of France -LRB- born 1083 and died young -RRB- , second son of Philip I of France Henry of France , Archbishop of Reims -LRB- 1121 -- 1175 -RRB- , Bishop of Beauvais then Archbishop of Reims , son of Louis VI of France ", "Henry III -LRB- 19 September 1551 -- 2 August 1589 ; born Alexandre Édouard de France , Henryk Walezy , Henrikas Valua -RRB- was a monarch of the House of Valois who was elected the monarch of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1573 to 1575 and ruled as King of France from 1574 until his death . He was the last French monarch of the Valois dynasty . As the fourth son of King Henry II of France and Catherine de ' Medici , Henry was not expected to assume the throne of France . He was thus a good candidate for the vacant Commonwealth throne , and he was elected with the dual titles King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania . Henry 's rule over the Commonwealth was brief , but notable . The Henrician Articles he signed into law accepting the Commonwealth throne established Poland as an elective monarchy subject to free election by the Polish nobility . Of his three older brothers , two would live long enough to ascend the French throne , but both died young and without a legitimate male heir . He abandoned Commonwealth upon receiving word that he had inherited the throne of France at the age of 22 . The kingdom of France was at the time plagued by the Wars of Religion , and Henry 's authority was undermined by violent political parties funded by foreign powers : the Catholic League -LRB- supported by Spain -RRB- , the Protestant Huguenots -LRB- supported by England and the Dutch -RRB- and the Malcontents , led by Henry 's own brother , the Duke of Alençon , which was a party of Catholic and Protestant aristocrats who jointly opposed the absolutist ambitions of the king . Henry III was himself a politique , arguing that a strong and religiously tolerant monarchy would save France from collapse . After the death of Henry 's younger brother Francis , Duke of Anjou , and when it became apparent that Henry would not produce an heir , the Wars of Religion grew into a succession crisis that resulted in a war known as the War of the Three Henrys . Henry III 's legitimate heir was his distant cousin Henry , King of Navarre , a Protestant . The Catholic League , led by Henry I , Duke of Guise , sought to exclude Protestants from the succession and championed the Catholic Charles , Cardinal of Bourbon , as Henry III 's heir . In 1589 , Jacques Clément , a Catholic fanatic , murdered Henry III , who was succeeded by the King of Navarre who , as Henry IV , would assume the throne of France after converting to Catholicism , and become the first French king of the House of Bourbon . ", "Henry IV -LRB- Henri IV , read as Henri-Quatre -LSB- ɑ̃ʁi.katʁ -RSB- ; 13 December 1553 -- 14 May 1610 -RRB- , also known by the epithet `` Good King Henry '' , was King of Navarre -LRB- as Henry III -RRB- from 1572 to 1610 and King of France from 1589 to 1610 . He was the first French monarch of the House of Bourbon , a branch of the Capetian dynasty . Baptised as a Catholic but raised in the Protestant faith by his mother Jeanne d'Albret , Queen of Navarre , he inherited the throne of Navarre in 1572 on the death of his mother . As a Huguenot , Henry was involved in the French Wars of Religion , barely escaping assassination in the St. Bartholomew 's Day massacre , and later led Protestant forces against the royal army . Henry , as Head of the House of Bourbon , was a direct male-line descendant of Louis IX of France , and `` first prince of the blood '' . Upon the death of his brother-in-law and distant cousin Henry III of France in 1589 , Henry was called to the French succession by the Salic law . He initially kept the Protestant faith and had to fight against the Catholic League , which denied that he could wear France 's crown as a Protestant . To obtain mastery over his kingdom , after four years of stalemate , he found it prudent to abjure the Calvinist faith . As a pragmatic politician -LRB- in the parlance of the time , a politique -RRB- , he displayed an unusual religious tolerance for the era . Notably , he promulgated the Edict of Nantes -LRB- 1598 -RRB- , which guaranteed religious liberties to Protestants , thereby effectively ending the Wars of Religion . He was assassinated in 1610 by François Ravaillac , a fanatical Catholic , and was succeeded by his son Louis XIII . Considered a usurper by some Catholics and a traitor by some Protestants , Henry became target of at least 12 assassination attempts . An unpopular king immediately after his accession , Henry 's popularity greatly improved after his death , in light of repeated victories over his enemies and his conversion to Catholicism . The `` Good King Henry '' -LRB- le bon roi Henri -RRB- was remembered for his geniality and his great concern about the welfare of his subjects . He was celebrated in the popular song Vive le roi Henri and in Voltaire 's Henriade . ", "Henry III -LRB- 1 October 1207 -- 16 November 1272 -RRB- , also known as Henry of Winchester , was King of England , Lord of Ireland and Duke of Aquitaine from 1216 until his death . The son of King John and Isabella of Angoulême , Henry assumed the throne when he was only nine in the middle of the First Barons ' War . Cardinal Guala declared the war against the rebel barons to be a religious crusade and Henry 's forces , led by William Marshal , defeated the rebels at the battles of Lincoln and Sandwich in 1217 . Henry promised to abide by the Great Charter of 1225 , which limited royal power and protected the rights of the major barons . His early rule was dominated first by Hubert de Burgh and then Peter des Roches , who re-established royal authority after the war . In 1230 the King attempted to reconquer the provinces of France that had once belonged to his father , but the invasion was a debacle . A revolt led by William Marshal 's son , Richard , broke out in 1232 , ending in a peace settlement negotiated by the Church . Following the revolt , Henry ruled England personally , rather than governing through senior ministers . He travelled less than previous monarchs , investing heavily in a handful of his favourite palaces and castles . He married Eleanor of Provence , with whom he had five children . Henry was known for his piety , holding lavish religious ceremonies and giving generously to charities ; the King was particularly devoted to the figure of Edward the Confessor , whom he adopted as his patron saint . He extracted huge sums of money from the Jews in England , ultimately crippling their ability to do business , and as attitudes towards the Jews hardened , he introduced the Statute of Jewry , attempting to segregate the community . In a fresh attempt to reclaim his family 's lands in France , he invaded Poitou in 1242 , leading to the disastrous Battle of Taillebourg . After this , Henry relied on diplomacy , cultivating an alliance with Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II . Henry supported his brother Richard in his bid to become King of the Romans in 1256 , but was unable to place his own son Edmund on the throne of Sicily , despite investing large amounts of money . He planned to go on crusade to the Levant , but was prevented from doing so by rebellions in Gascony . By 1258 , Henry 's rule was increasingly unpopular , the result of the failure of his expensive foreign policies and the notoriety of his Poitevin half-brothers , the Lusignans , as well as the role of his local officials in collecting taxes and debts . A coalition of his barons , initially probably backed by Eleanor , seized power in a coup d'état and expelled the Poitevins from England , reforming the royal government through a process called the Provisions of Oxford . Henry and the baronial government enacted a peace with France in 1259 , under which Henry gave up his rights to his other lands in France in return for King Louis IX of France recognising him as the rightful ruler of Gascony . The baronial regime collapsed but Henry was unable to reform a stable government and instability across England continued . In 1263 one of the more radical barons , Simon de Montfort , seized power , resulting in the Second Barons ' War . Henry persuaded Louis to support his cause and mobilised an army . The Battle of Lewes occurred in 1264 , where Henry was defeated and taken prisoner . Henry 's eldest son , Edward , escaped from captivity to defeat de Montfort at the Battle of Evesham the following year and freed his father . Henry initially enacted a harsh revenge on the remaining rebels , but was persuaded by the Church to mollify his policies through the Dictum of Kenilworth . Reconstruction was slow and Henry had to acquiesce to various measures , including further suppression of the Jews , to maintain baronial and popular support . Henry died in 1272 , leaving Edward as his successor . He was buried in Westminster Abbey , which he had rebuilt in the second half of his reign , and was moved to his current tomb in 1290 . Some miracles were declared after his death but he was not canonised . ", "Henry V -LRB- 9 August 1386 -- 31 August 1422 -RRB- was King of England from 1413 until his death at the age of 36 in 1422 . He was the second English monarch who came from the House of Lancaster . After military experience fighting the Welsh during the revolt of Owain Glyndŵr , and against the powerful aristocratic Percys of Northumberland at the Battle of Shrewsbury , Henry came into political conflict with his father , whose health was increasingly precarious from 1405 onward . After his father 's death in 1413 , Henry assumed control of the country and embarked on war with France in the ongoing Hundred Years ' War -LRB- 1337 -- 1453 -RRB- between the two nations . His military successes culminated in his famous victory at the Battle of Agincourt -LRB- 1415 -RRB- and saw him come close to conquering France . After months of negotiation with Charles VI of France , the Treaty of Troyes -LRB- 1420 -RRB- recognised Henry V as regent and heir apparent to the French throne , and he was subsequently married to Charles 's daughter , Catherine of Valois -LRB- 1401 -- 37 -RRB- . Following Henry V 's sudden and unexpected death in France two years later , he was succeeded by his infant son , who reigned as Henry VI -LRB- 1422 -- 61 , 1470 -- 71 -RRB- . " ]

[ 0, 2, 2, 2, 1 ]

[ "Mars", "Mons_Huygens", "Mars_-LRB-mythology-RRB-", "Arcadia_Planitia", "Mountain" ]

[ "Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the second-smallest planet in the Solar System , after Mercury . Named after the Roman god of war , it is often referred to as the `` Red Planet '' because the iron oxide prevalent on its surface gives it a reddish appearance . Mars is a terrestrial planet with a thin atmosphere , having surface features reminiscent both of the impact craters of the Moon and the valleys , deserts , and polar ice caps of Earth . The rotational period and seasonal cycles of Mars are likewise similar to those of Earth , as is the tilt that produces the seasons . Mars is the site of Olympus Mons , the largest volcano and second-highest known mountain in the Solar System , and of Valles Marineris , one of the largest canyons in the Solar System . The smooth Borealis basin in the northern hemisphere covers 40 % of the planet and may be a giant impact feature . Mars has two moons , Phobos and Deimos , which are small and irregularly shaped . These may be captured asteroids , similar to 5261 Eureka , a Mars trojan . There are ongoing investigations assessing the past habitability potential of Mars , as well as the possibility of extant life . Future astrobiology missions are planned , including the Mars 2020 and ExoMars rovers . Liquid water can not exist on the surface of Mars due to low atmospheric pressure , which is about that of the Earth 's , except at the lowest elevations for short periods . The two polar ice caps appear to be made largely of water . The volume of water ice in the south polar ice cap , if melted , would be sufficient to cover the entire planetary surface to a depth of 11 m . In November 2016 , NASA reported finding a large amount of underground ice in the Utopia Planitia region of Mars . The volume of water detected has been estimated to be equivalent to the volume of water in Lake Superior . Mars can easily be seen from Earth with the naked eye , as can its reddish coloring . Its apparent magnitude reaches − 2.91 , which is surpassed only by Jupiter , Venus , the Moon , and the Sun . Optical ground-based telescopes are typically limited to resolving features about 300 km across when Earth and Mars are closest because of Earth 's atmosphere . ", "Mons Huygens is the Moon 's tallest mountain -LRB- but not its highest point -RRB- . It is about 3.3 miles -LRB- 5.5 km -RRB- high and is located in the Montes Apenninus . The Montes Apenninus were formed by the impact that created Mare Imbrium . ", "In ancient Roman religion and myth , Mars -LRB- Mārs , -LSB- maːrs -RSB- -RRB- was the god of war and also an agricultural guardian , a combination characteristic of early Rome . He was second in importance only to Jupiter and he was the most prominent of the military gods in the religion of the Roman army . Most of his festivals were held in March , the month named for him -LRB- Latin Martius -RRB- , and in October , which began the season for military campaigning and ended the season for farming . Under the influence of Greek culture , Mars was identified with the Greek god Ares , whose myths were reinterpreted in Roman literature and art under the name of Mars . But the character and dignity of Mars differed in fundamental ways from that of his Greek counterpart , who is often treated with contempt and revulsion in Greek literature . Mars was a part of the Archaic Triad along with Jupiter and Quirinus , the latter of whom as a guardian of the Roman people had no Greek equivalent . Mars ' altar in the Campus Martius , the area of Rome that took its name from him , was supposed to have been dedicated by Numa , the peace-loving semi-legendary second king of Rome . Although the center of Mars ' worship was originally located outside the sacred boundary of Rome -LRB- pomerium -RRB- , Augustus made the god a renewed focus of Roman religion by establishing the Temple of Mars Ultor in his new forum . Although Ares was viewed primarily as a destructive and destabilizing force , Mars represented military power as a way to secure peace , and was a father -LRB- pater -RRB- of the Roman people . In the mythic genealogy and founding myths of Rome , Mars was the father of Romulus and Remus with Rhea Silvia . His love affair with Venus symbolically reconciled the two different traditions of Rome 's founding ; Venus was the divine mother of the hero Aeneas , celebrated as the Trojan refugee who `` founded '' Rome several generations before Romulus laid out the city walls . The importance of Mars in establishing religious and cultural identity within the Roman Empire is indicated by the vast number of inscriptions identifying him with a local deity , particularly in the Western provinces . ", "Arcadia Planitia is a smooth plain with fresh lava flows and Amazonian volcanic flows on Mars . It was named by Giovanni Schiaparelli in 1882 after the Arcadia region of ancient Greece . It dates from the Amazonian period 's Arcadia formation 's lava flows and small cinder cones . It includes a more recently developed large region of aeolian materials derived from periglacial processes . It is located northwest of the Tharsis region in the northern lowlands , spanning the region 40-60 ° North and 150-180 ° West in the Cebrenia quadrangle and centered at . Part of it is in the Diacria quadrangle . Arcadia marks a transition from the thinly cratered terrain to its north and the very old cratered terrain to the south . On its east it runs into the Alba Mons volcanoes . Its elevation relative to the geodetic datum varies between 0 and -3 km . In a lot of the low areas of Arcadia , one finds grooves and sub-parallel ridges . These indicate movement of near surface materials and are similar to features on earth where near surface materials flow together very slowly as helped by the freezing and thawing of water located between ground layers . This supports the proposition of ground ice in the near surface of Mars in this area . This area represents an area of interest for scientists to investigate further . ", "A mountain is a large landform that stretches above the surrounding land in a limited area , usually in the form of a peak . A mountain is generally steeper than a hill . Mountains are formed through tectonic forces or volcanism . These forces can locally raise the surface of the earth . Mountains erode slowly through the action of rivers , weather conditions , and glaciers . A few mountains are isolated summits , but most occur in huge mountain ranges . High elevations on mountains produce colder climates than at sea level . These colder climates strongly affect the ecosystems of mountains : different elevations have different plants and animals . Because of the less hospitable terrain and climate , mountains tend to be used less for agriculture and more for resource extraction and recreation , such as mountain climbing . The highest mountain on Earth is Mount Everest in the Himalayas of Asia , whose summit is 8850 m above mean sea level . The highest known mountain on any planet in the Solar System is Olympus Mons on Mars at 21171 m. " ]

[ 2, 0, 2, 2, 2 ]

[ "The_Hunger_Games_-LRB-film-RRB-", "The_Hunger_Games_-LRB-film_series-RRB-", "The_Hunger_Games_-LRB-novel-RRB-", "The_Hunger_Pains", "Francis_Lawrence" ]

[ "The Hunger Games is a 2012 American dystopian science fiction adventure film directed by Gary Ross and based on the novel of the same name by Suzanne Collins . It is the first installment in The Hunger Games film series and was produced by Nina Jacobson and Jon Kilik , with a screenplay by Ross , Collins , and Billy Ray . The film stars Jennifer Lawrence , Josh Hutcherson , Liam Hemsworth , Woody Harrelson , Elizabeth Banks , Lenny Kravitz , Stanley Tucci , and Donald Sutherland . The story takes place in a dystopian post-apocalyptic future in the nation of Panem , where boys and girls between the ages of 12 and 18 must take part in the Hunger Games , a televised annual event in which the `` tributes '' are required to fight to the death until there is only one survivor . Katniss Everdeen -LRB- Lawrence -RRB- volunteers to take her younger sister 's place . Joined by her district 's male tribute , Peeta Mellark -LRB- Hutcherson -RRB- , Katniss travels to the Capitol to train for the Hunger Games under the guidance of former victor Haymitch Abernathy -LRB- Harrelson -RRB- . Development of The Hunger Games began in March 2009 when Lions Gate Entertainment entered into a co-production agreement with Color Force , which had acquired the rights a few weeks earlier . Collins collaborated with Ray and Ross to write the screenplay . The screenplay expanded the character of Seneca Crane to allow several developments to be shown directly to the audience and Ross added several scenes between Crane and Coriolanus Snow . The main characters were cast between March and May 2011 . Principal photography began in May 2011 and ended in September 2011 , with filming taking place in North Carolina . The Hunger Games was shot entirely on film as opposed to digital . The film was released on March 21 , 2012 , in some European countries and in the US on March 23 , 2012 , in both conventional theaters and digital IMAX theaters . Japan received it last , on September 28 . When the film released , it set records for opening day -LRB- $ 67.3 million -RRB- and opening weekend for a non-sequel . At the time of its release , the film 's opening weekend gross -LRB- $ 152.5 million -RRB- was the third-largest of any movie in North America . It is the first film since Avatar to remain in first place at the North American box office for four consecutive weekends . The film was a massive box-office success by grossing over $ 694 million worldwide against its budget of $ 78 million , making it the third-highest-grossing film in the United States and ninth-highest-grossing worldwide of 2012 . It was released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc on August 18 , 2012 . With 7,434,058 units sold , the DVD was the best-selling DVD of 2012 . A sequel , The Hunger Games : Catching Fire , was released on November 22 , 2013 , in the United States . The Hunger Games received positive reviews from critics , with praise for its themes and messages , as well as Jennifer Lawrence 's portrayal of Katniss , though there was criticism of the film 's use of shaky cam in the action sequences . Like the novel , the film has been noted for its similarities to other works , such as Robert Sheckley 's short story `` Seventh Victim '' and its Italian film adaptation The 10th Victim , the Japanese novel Battle Royale and its film adaptation , and the Shirley Jackson short story `` The Lottery '' , with some criticizing The Hunger Games for being derivative of such works . Collins stated in an interview that her novel and screenplay drew on sources of inspiration such as the myth of Theseus , Roman gladiatorial games , reality television , and the desensitization of viewers to media coverage of real-life tragedy and war , not to think as just an audience member , `` Because those are real people on the screen , and they 're not going away when the commercials start to roll . '' The song `` Safe & Sound '' won a Grammy Award and was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song . For her performance , Lawrence won the Saturn Award for Best Actress , the Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress in an Action Movie , the Empire Award for Best Actress and was also nominated for the New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress . ", "The Hunger Games film series consists of four science fiction dystopian adventure films based on The Hunger Games trilogy of novels , by the American author Suzanne Collins . Distributed by Lionsgate and produced by Nina Jacobson and Jon Kilik , it stars Jennifer Lawrence as Katniss Everdeen , Josh Hutcherson as Peeta Mellark , Woody Harrelson as Haymitch Abernathy , Elizabeth Banks as Effie Trinket , Philip Seymour Hoffman as Plutarch Heavensbee , Stanley Tucci as Caesar Flickerman , Donald Sutherland as President Snow and Liam Hemsworth as Gale Hawthorne . Gary Ross directed the first film , while Francis Lawrence directed the next three films . The first three films set records at the box office . The Hunger Games -LRB- 2012 -RRB- set records for the opening day and the biggest opening weekend for a non-sequel film . The Hunger Games : Catching Fire -LRB- 2013 -RRB- set the record for biggest opening weekend in the month of November . The Hunger Games : Mockingjay -- Part 1 -LRB- 2014 -RRB- had the largest opening day and weekend of 2014 . The films , including The Hunger Games : Mockingjay -- Part 2 -LRB- 2015 -RRB- , received a positive reception from critics , with praise aimed at its themes and messages , as well as Jennifer Lawrence 's portrayal of the main protagonist , Katniss Everdeen . The Hunger Games is the 16th highest-grossing film franchise of all time , having grossed over US$ 2.9 billion worldwide . ", "The Hunger Games is a 2008 dystopian novel by the American writer Suzanne Collins . It is written in the voice of 16-year-old Katniss Everdeen , who lives in the future , post-apocalyptic nation of Panem in North America . The Capitol , a highly advanced metropolis , exercises political control over the rest of the nation . The Hunger Games is an annual event in which one boy and one girl aged 12 -- 18 from each of the twelve districts surrounding the Capitol are selected by lottery to compete in a televised battle to the death . The book received mostly positive responses from major reviewers and authors . It was praised for its plot and character development . In writing The Hunger Games , Collins drew upon Greek mythology , Roman gladiatorial games , and contemporary reality television for thematic content . The novel won many awards , including the California Young Reader Medal , and was named one of Publishers Weeklys `` Best Books of the Year '' in 2008 . The Hunger Games was first published in hardcover on September 14 , 2008 , by Scholastic , featuring a cover designed by Tim O'Brien . It has since been released in paperback and also as an audiobook and ebook . After an initial print of 200,000 , the book had sold 800,000 copies by February 2010 . Since its release , The Hunger Games has been translated into 26 languages , and publishing rights have been sold in 38 territories . The novel is the first in The Hunger Games trilogy , followed by Catching Fire -LRB- 2009 -RRB- and Mockingjay -LRB- 2010 -RRB- . A film adaptation , directed by Gary Ross and co-written and co-produced by Collins herself , was released in 2012 . ", "The Hunger Pains is a 2012 New York Times bestselling novel by The Harvard Lampoon and a parody of Suzanne Collins 's The Hunger Games . It was first published on February 7 , 2012 through Touchstone Books , and a cinematic book trailer was released in March of the same year . ", "Francis Lawrence -LRB- born March 26 , 1971 -RRB- is an American filmmaker and producer , who has worked on films , television shows , and music videos . He is best known for directing three of the four films in the Hunger Games film series . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "The_Hunger_Games_-LRB-film-RRB-", "The_Hunger_Games_-LRB-film_series-RRB-", "The_Hunger_Games_-LRB-novel-RRB-", "The_Hunger_Pains", "Francis_Lawrence" ]

[ "The Hunger Games is a 2012 American dystopian science fiction adventure film directed by Gary Ross and based on the novel of the same name by Suzanne Collins . It is the first installment in The Hunger Games film series and was produced by Nina Jacobson and Jon Kilik , with a screenplay by Ross , Collins , and Billy Ray . The film stars Jennifer Lawrence , Josh Hutcherson , Liam Hemsworth , Woody Harrelson , Elizabeth Banks , Lenny Kravitz , Stanley Tucci , and Donald Sutherland . The story takes place in a dystopian post-apocalyptic future in the nation of Panem , where boys and girls between the ages of 12 and 18 must take part in the Hunger Games , a televised annual event in which the `` tributes '' are required to fight to the death until there is only one survivor . Katniss Everdeen -LRB- Lawrence -RRB- volunteers to take her younger sister 's place . Joined by her district 's male tribute , Peeta Mellark -LRB- Hutcherson -RRB- , Katniss travels to the Capitol to train for the Hunger Games under the guidance of former victor Haymitch Abernathy -LRB- Harrelson -RRB- . Development of The Hunger Games began in March 2009 when Lions Gate Entertainment entered into a co-production agreement with Color Force , which had acquired the rights a few weeks earlier . Collins collaborated with Ray and Ross to write the screenplay . The screenplay expanded the character of Seneca Crane to allow several developments to be shown directly to the audience and Ross added several scenes between Crane and Coriolanus Snow . The main characters were cast between March and May 2011 . Principal photography began in May 2011 and ended in September 2011 , with filming taking place in North Carolina . The Hunger Games was shot entirely on film as opposed to digital . The film was released on March 21 , 2012 , in some European countries and in the US on March 23 , 2012 , in both conventional theaters and digital IMAX theaters . Japan received it last , on September 28 . When the film released , it set records for opening day -LRB- $ 67.3 million -RRB- and opening weekend for a non-sequel . At the time of its release , the film 's opening weekend gross -LRB- $ 152.5 million -RRB- was the third-largest of any movie in North America . It is the first film since Avatar to remain in first place at the North American box office for four consecutive weekends . The film was a massive box-office success by grossing over $ 694 million worldwide against its budget of $ 78 million , making it the third-highest-grossing film in the United States and ninth-highest-grossing worldwide of 2012 . It was released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc on August 18 , 2012 . With 7,434,058 units sold , the DVD was the best-selling DVD of 2012 . A sequel , The Hunger Games : Catching Fire , was released on November 22 , 2013 , in the United States . The Hunger Games received positive reviews from critics , with praise for its themes and messages , as well as Jennifer Lawrence 's portrayal of Katniss , though there was criticism of the film 's use of shaky cam in the action sequences . Like the novel , the film has been noted for its similarities to other works , such as Robert Sheckley 's short story `` Seventh Victim '' and its Italian film adaptation The 10th Victim , the Japanese novel Battle Royale and its film adaptation , and the Shirley Jackson short story `` The Lottery '' , with some criticizing The Hunger Games for being derivative of such works . Collins stated in an interview that her novel and screenplay drew on sources of inspiration such as the myth of Theseus , Roman gladiatorial games , reality television , and the desensitization of viewers to media coverage of real-life tragedy and war , not to think as just an audience member , `` Because those are real people on the screen , and they 're not going away when the commercials start to roll . '' The song `` Safe & Sound '' won a Grammy Award and was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song . For her performance , Lawrence won the Saturn Award for Best Actress , the Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress in an Action Movie , the Empire Award for Best Actress and was also nominated for the New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress . ", "The Hunger Games film series consists of four science fiction dystopian adventure films based on The Hunger Games trilogy of novels , by the American author Suzanne Collins . Distributed by Lionsgate and produced by Nina Jacobson and Jon Kilik , it stars Jennifer Lawrence as Katniss Everdeen , Josh Hutcherson as Peeta Mellark , Woody Harrelson as Haymitch Abernathy , Elizabeth Banks as Effie Trinket , Philip Seymour Hoffman as Plutarch Heavensbee , Stanley Tucci as Caesar Flickerman , Donald Sutherland as President Snow and Liam Hemsworth as Gale Hawthorne . Gary Ross directed the first film , while Francis Lawrence directed the next three films . The first three films set records at the box office . The Hunger Games -LRB- 2012 -RRB- set records for the opening day and the biggest opening weekend for a non-sequel film . The Hunger Games : Catching Fire -LRB- 2013 -RRB- set the record for biggest opening weekend in the month of November . The Hunger Games : Mockingjay -- Part 1 -LRB- 2014 -RRB- had the largest opening day and weekend of 2014 . The films , including The Hunger Games : Mockingjay -- Part 2 -LRB- 2015 -RRB- , received a positive reception from critics , with praise aimed at its themes and messages , as well as Jennifer Lawrence 's portrayal of the main protagonist , Katniss Everdeen . The Hunger Games is the 16th highest-grossing film franchise of all time , having grossed over US$ 2.9 billion worldwide . ", "The Hunger Games is a 2008 dystopian novel by the American writer Suzanne Collins . It is written in the voice of 16-year-old Katniss Everdeen , who lives in the future , post-apocalyptic nation of Panem in North America . The Capitol , a highly advanced metropolis , exercises political control over the rest of the nation . The Hunger Games is an annual event in which one boy and one girl aged 12 -- 18 from each of the twelve districts surrounding the Capitol are selected by lottery to compete in a televised battle to the death . The book received mostly positive responses from major reviewers and authors . It was praised for its plot and character development . In writing The Hunger Games , Collins drew upon Greek mythology , Roman gladiatorial games , and contemporary reality television for thematic content . The novel won many awards , including the California Young Reader Medal , and was named one of Publishers Weeklys `` Best Books of the Year '' in 2008 . The Hunger Games was first published in hardcover on September 14 , 2008 , by Scholastic , featuring a cover designed by Tim O'Brien . It has since been released in paperback and also as an audiobook and ebook . After an initial print of 200,000 , the book had sold 800,000 copies by February 2010 . Since its release , The Hunger Games has been translated into 26 languages , and publishing rights have been sold in 38 territories . The novel is the first in The Hunger Games trilogy , followed by Catching Fire -LRB- 2009 -RRB- and Mockingjay -LRB- 2010 -RRB- . A film adaptation , directed by Gary Ross and co-written and co-produced by Collins herself , was released in 2012 . ", "The Hunger Pains is a 2012 New York Times bestselling novel by The Harvard Lampoon and a parody of Suzanne Collins 's The Hunger Games . It was first published on February 7 , 2012 through Touchstone Books , and a cinematic book trailer was released in March of the same year . ", "Francis Lawrence -LRB- born March 26 , 1971 -RRB- is an American filmmaker and producer , who has worked on films , television shows , and music videos . He is best known for directing three of the four films in the Hunger Games film series . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "The_Hunger_Games_-LRB-film-RRB-", "The_Hunger_Games_-LRB-film_series-RRB-", "The_Hunger_Games_-LRB-novel-RRB-", "The_Hunger_Pains", "Francis_Lawrence" ]

[ "The Hunger Games is a 2012 American dystopian science fiction adventure film directed by Gary Ross and based on the novel of the same name by Suzanne Collins . It is the first installment in The Hunger Games film series and was produced by Nina Jacobson and Jon Kilik , with a screenplay by Ross , Collins , and Billy Ray . The film stars Jennifer Lawrence , Josh Hutcherson , Liam Hemsworth , Woody Harrelson , Elizabeth Banks , Lenny Kravitz , Stanley Tucci , and Donald Sutherland . The story takes place in a dystopian post-apocalyptic future in the nation of Panem , where boys and girls between the ages of 12 and 18 must take part in the Hunger Games , a televised annual event in which the `` tributes '' are required to fight to the death until there is only one survivor . Katniss Everdeen -LRB- Lawrence -RRB- volunteers to take her younger sister 's place . Joined by her district 's male tribute , Peeta Mellark -LRB- Hutcherson -RRB- , Katniss travels to the Capitol to train for the Hunger Games under the guidance of former victor Haymitch Abernathy -LRB- Harrelson -RRB- . Development of The Hunger Games began in March 2009 when Lions Gate Entertainment entered into a co-production agreement with Color Force , which had acquired the rights a few weeks earlier . Collins collaborated with Ray and Ross to write the screenplay . The screenplay expanded the character of Seneca Crane to allow several developments to be shown directly to the audience and Ross added several scenes between Crane and Coriolanus Snow . The main characters were cast between March and May 2011 . Principal photography began in May 2011 and ended in September 2011 , with filming taking place in North Carolina . The Hunger Games was shot entirely on film as opposed to digital . The film was released on March 21 , 2012 , in some European countries and in the US on March 23 , 2012 , in both conventional theaters and digital IMAX theaters . Japan received it last , on September 28 . When the film released , it set records for opening day -LRB- $ 67.3 million -RRB- and opening weekend for a non-sequel . At the time of its release , the film 's opening weekend gross -LRB- $ 152.5 million -RRB- was the third-largest of any movie in North America . It is the first film since Avatar to remain in first place at the North American box office for four consecutive weekends . The film was a massive box-office success by grossing over $ 694 million worldwide against its budget of $ 78 million , making it the third-highest-grossing film in the United States and ninth-highest-grossing worldwide of 2012 . It was released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc on August 18 , 2012 . With 7,434,058 units sold , the DVD was the best-selling DVD of 2012 . A sequel , The Hunger Games : Catching Fire , was released on November 22 , 2013 , in the United States . The Hunger Games received positive reviews from critics , with praise for its themes and messages , as well as Jennifer Lawrence 's portrayal of Katniss , though there was criticism of the film 's use of shaky cam in the action sequences . Like the novel , the film has been noted for its similarities to other works , such as Robert Sheckley 's short story `` Seventh Victim '' and its Italian film adaptation The 10th Victim , the Japanese novel Battle Royale and its film adaptation , and the Shirley Jackson short story `` The Lottery '' , with some criticizing The Hunger Games for being derivative of such works . Collins stated in an interview that her novel and screenplay drew on sources of inspiration such as the myth of Theseus , Roman gladiatorial games , reality television , and the desensitization of viewers to media coverage of real-life tragedy and war , not to think as just an audience member , `` Because those are real people on the screen , and they 're not going away when the commercials start to roll . '' The song `` Safe & Sound '' won a Grammy Award and was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song . For her performance , Lawrence won the Saturn Award for Best Actress , the Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress in an Action Movie , the Empire Award for Best Actress and was also nominated for the New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress . ", "The Hunger Games film series consists of four science fiction dystopian adventure films based on The Hunger Games trilogy of novels , by the American author Suzanne Collins . Distributed by Lionsgate and produced by Nina Jacobson and Jon Kilik , it stars Jennifer Lawrence as Katniss Everdeen , Josh Hutcherson as Peeta Mellark , Woody Harrelson as Haymitch Abernathy , Elizabeth Banks as Effie Trinket , Philip Seymour Hoffman as Plutarch Heavensbee , Stanley Tucci as Caesar Flickerman , Donald Sutherland as President Snow and Liam Hemsworth as Gale Hawthorne . Gary Ross directed the first film , while Francis Lawrence directed the next three films . The first three films set records at the box office . The Hunger Games -LRB- 2012 -RRB- set records for the opening day and the biggest opening weekend for a non-sequel film . The Hunger Games : Catching Fire -LRB- 2013 -RRB- set the record for biggest opening weekend in the month of November . The Hunger Games : Mockingjay -- Part 1 -LRB- 2014 -RRB- had the largest opening day and weekend of 2014 . The films , including The Hunger Games : Mockingjay -- Part 2 -LRB- 2015 -RRB- , received a positive reception from critics , with praise aimed at its themes and messages , as well as Jennifer Lawrence 's portrayal of the main protagonist , Katniss Everdeen . The Hunger Games is the 16th highest-grossing film franchise of all time , having grossed over US$ 2.9 billion worldwide . ", "The Hunger Games is a 2008 dystopian novel by the American writer Suzanne Collins . It is written in the voice of 16-year-old Katniss Everdeen , who lives in the future , post-apocalyptic nation of Panem in North America . The Capitol , a highly advanced metropolis , exercises political control over the rest of the nation . The Hunger Games is an annual event in which one boy and one girl aged 12 -- 18 from each of the twelve districts surrounding the Capitol are selected by lottery to compete in a televised battle to the death . The book received mostly positive responses from major reviewers and authors . It was praised for its plot and character development . In writing The Hunger Games , Collins drew upon Greek mythology , Roman gladiatorial games , and contemporary reality television for thematic content . The novel won many awards , including the California Young Reader Medal , and was named one of Publishers Weeklys `` Best Books of the Year '' in 2008 . The Hunger Games was first published in hardcover on September 14 , 2008 , by Scholastic , featuring a cover designed by Tim O'Brien . It has since been released in paperback and also as an audiobook and ebook . After an initial print of 200,000 , the book had sold 800,000 copies by February 2010 . Since its release , The Hunger Games has been translated into 26 languages , and publishing rights have been sold in 38 territories . The novel is the first in The Hunger Games trilogy , followed by Catching Fire -LRB- 2009 -RRB- and Mockingjay -LRB- 2010 -RRB- . A film adaptation , directed by Gary Ross and co-written and co-produced by Collins herself , was released in 2012 . ", "The Hunger Pains is a 2012 New York Times bestselling novel by The Harvard Lampoon and a parody of Suzanne Collins 's The Hunger Games . It was first published on February 7 , 2012 through Touchstone Books , and a cinematic book trailer was released in March of the same year . ", "Francis Lawrence -LRB- born March 26 , 1971 -RRB- is an American filmmaker and producer , who has worked on films , television shows , and music videos . He is best known for directing three of the four films in the Hunger Games film series . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "Kyle_MacLachlan", "Maeve_Gilroy", "2011_Country_Music_Association_Awards", "Brendan_McCahey", "Filmfare_Award_for_Best_Actress" ]

[ "Kyle Merritt MacLachlan -LRB- -LSB- məˈglɒklən -RSB- born February 22 , 1959 -RRB- is an American actor . MacLachlan is best known for his role as Dale Cooper in Twin Peaks -LRB- 1990 -- 1991 ; 2017 -RRB- and its subsequent film continuation Twin Peaks : Fire Walk with Me -LRB- 1992 -RRB- , as well as in cult films such as two of David Lynch 's films : Paul Atreides in Dune -LRB- 1984 -RRB- and Jeffrey Beaumont in Blue Velvet -LRB- 1986 -RRB- . MacLachlan 's other film roles include Lloyd Gallagher in the science fiction action film The Hidden -LRB- 1987 -RRB- , Ray Manzarek in The Doors -LRB- 1991 -RRB- , Clifford Vandercave in The Flintstones -LRB- 1994 -RRB- , and the voice of Riley 's dad in Inside Out -LRB- 2015 -RRB- . He has also had prominent roles in television shows including appearing as Trey MacDougal in Sex and the City -LRB- 2000 -- 2002 -RRB- , Orson Hodge in Desperate Housewives -LRB- 2006 -- 2012 -RRB- , The Captain in How I Met Your Mother -LRB- 2010 -- 14 -RRB- , the Mayor of Portland in Portlandia -LRB- 2011 -- 2017 -RRB- , and Calvin Zabo in Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. -LRB- 2014 -- 2015 -RRB- . MacLachlan has won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor -- Television Series Drama and has been nominated for two Emmy Awards , all for Twin Peaks . ", "Maeve Gilroy is a former camogie player , winner of the Cuchulainn award in 1966 and of All Ireland medals in 1956 and 1967 . ", "The 2011 Country Music Association Awards is a music award ceremony that was held on November 4 , 2011 , at the Bridgestone Arena in Nashville , Tennessee . It aired live on ABC at 8:00 / 7:00 PM Central . The show was hosted by Brad Paisley & Carrie Underwood . Taylor Swift , Jason Aldean & Brad Paisley led the nominations with 5 each . Aldean had never won a CMA award prior to 2011 CMA Awards , when he won his first two awards for album of the year and musical event of the year . Miranda Lambert was named female vocalist of the year , and her husband Blake Shelton took home male vocalist . The night 's top prize , entertainer of the year , went to Taylor Swift , which was her only victory of the evening . New Artist of the Year went to The Band Perry , who was also nominated for Vocal Group of the Year . When Taylor Swift won entertainer of the year in 2011 , she became only the second female artist to ever win the honor twice , after Barbara Mandrell won it in 1980 and 1981 . Swift is currently one of six female artists to ever win the award . ", "Brendan McCahey is an Irish singer-songwriter and recording artist with Universal Music . McCahey also previously worked in a vintage guitar store . In April 2014 , he was crowned winner of series 3 of the talent competition The Voice of Ireland . He was mentored by former Blizzards frontman Bressie . Brendan became the bookies ' favourite to win top prize after receiving a score of 28 out of 30 from coaches Kian Egan , Dolores O'Riordan and Jamelia . Following his victory , he released his debut single `` You Ca n't Judge a Book by the Cover '' , originally sung by Bo Diddley . McCahey released his debut album To Where I Begin on November 14 2014 and is currently touring . ", "The Filmfare Award for Best Actress is given by Filmfare as part of its annual Filmfare Awards for Hindi films , to recognise a female actor who has delivered an outstanding performance in a leading role . The award was first given in 1954 for the films released in preceding year 1953 . Kajol along with Nutan holds the maximum awards of 5 . Nutan and her niece Kajol , with five wins each , have maximum awards . Two actresses : Meena Kumari and Madhuri Dixit , have four wins each . Four actresses : Vyjayanthimala , Jaya Bachchan , Shabana Azmi and Vidya Balan have three wins each . Eight actresses have won the award twice ; in chronological order , they are Waheeda Rehman , Dimple Kapadia , Rekha , Sridevi , Karisma Kapoor , Aishwarya Rai , Rani Mukerji and Deepika Padukone . Five actresses have won the award in consecutive years ; in chronological order , they are Meena Kumari -LRB- 1954 -- 55 -RRB- , Jaya Bachchan -LRB- 1974 -- 75 -RRB- , Shabana Azmi -LRB- 1984 -- 85 -RRB- , Rani Mukerji -LRB- 2005 -- 06 -RRB- , and Vidya Balan -LRB- 2012 -- 13 -RRB- . There has been only one tie in the history of this category . This occurred in 1974 when Jaya Bachchan and Dimple Kapadia were both given the award . Madhuri Dixit holds the record for maximum nominations -LRB- 14 -RRB- , followed by Meena Kumari -LRB- 12 -RRB- , Hema Malini / Kajol -LRB- 11 -RRB- and Aishwarya Rai -LRB- 10 -RRB- . Dixit also holds the record for most consecutive nominations with 10 between 1988 and 1995 , being nominated twice in 1994 and 1995 , winning thrice in 1990 , 1992 and 1994 . Later , also winning in 1997 . She thus also holds the record of maximum awards and maximum nominations in a single decade , with 4 awards and 10 nominations in 1990s . Shabana Azmi , who received four out of the five nominations in 1984 -LRB- and eventually won for Arth -RRB- , holds the record for the highest number of nominations in a single year . Meena Kumari and Kajol had three nominations each in 1963 and 1999 respectively , which are the second highest number of nominations in a single year . Both won in their respective years . `` Aishwarya Rai '' Received 2 nominations for Taal and Hum dil de Chuke sanam . `` Deepika padukone '' Received 2 nominations for her performances in 2014 and 2016 . In 1963 , Meena Kumari achieved an unusual feat by garnering all the three nominations . She was nominated for Aarti , Main Chup Rahungi and Sahib Bibi Aur Ghulam -LRB- for which she eventually won -RRB- . Vyjayanthimala was the first actress to receive more than one nominations in 1959 and is the only actress to win the maximum awards , without ever losing , whenever been nominated . She received 3 awards among 4 nominations , being nominated twice in 1959 and once each in 1962 and 1965 , winning in all three years . She was also the first actress to win both Best Actress Award and Best Supporting Actress Award . Tabu holds the record of maximum nominations without ever winning , with 5 , followed by Mala Sinha , Saira Banu , Manisha Koirala , Urmila Matondkar , Anushka Sharma and Sonam Kapoor with 4 nominations each . Jaya Prada and has three nominations each , without ever winning . Nutan , who won the award for the fifth time in 1979 at the age of 42 , is the eldest winner , while Sharmila Tagore became the eldest nominee in 2006 at the age of 61 . Dimple Kapadia , in 1973 , became the youngest winner and youngest nominee at the age of 16 . Meena Kumari was the most victorious actress with two wins in the 1950s -LRB- she won the first two awards consecutively -RRB- . Nutan peaked with three wins in '60s . Jaya Bachchan ruled the '70s with two wins . Shabana Azmi and Rekha fetched two wins each in the '80s . In the '90s , Madhuri Dixit outperformed all actresses with four wins . Aishwarya Rai , Rani Mukherji and Kajol had two wins each in the 2000s which were the highest . Until now , Vidya Balan is the most successful actress of 2010s with three wins . Only once have siblings been nominated during the same year : Karisma Kapoor and Kareena Kapoor in 2002 , and twice have cousins been nominated during the same year : Kajol and Rani Mukerji in 2007 and Priyanka Chopra and Parineeti Chopra in 2013 . Among these , Kajol won in 2007 . Karisma Kapoor and Kareena Kapoor are the only siblings to win the award , while Kajol and Rani Mukerji are the only cousins to win the award . Four actresses failed to win despite having multiple nominations on some occasions . This includes Jaya Bachchan in 1972 , Hema Malini in 1975 and 1976 , Madhuri Dixit in 1996 and Kareena Kapoor in 2010 . Bachchan lost to Asha Parekh , Malini lost to Bachchan and Lakshmi in 1975 and 1976 respectively , Dixit lost to Kajol and Kapoor lost to Vidya Balan . Meena Kumari , Nargis , Smita Patil , Nutan and Bina Rai are the five recipients who are not alive . They died in 1972 , 1981 , 1986 , 1991 and 2009 respectively . Fourteen actresses who have won both Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress awards include Vyjayanthimala , Raakhee , Padmini Kolhapure , Nutan , Dimple Kapadia , Rekha , Karisma Kapoor , Jaya Bachchan , Madhuri Dixit , Rani Mukerji , Kareena Kapoor , Kangana Ranaut , Priyanka Chopra and Shabana Azmi . Mukerji is the first and only actress to win both these awards in the same year -LRB- 2005 -RRB- . Aishwarya Rai was nominated in 2001 for best actress and best supporting actress but did not won . Two actresses were nominated for both Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress awards for the same performance : Nutan for Saudagar -LRB- 1974 -RRB- and for Main Tulsi Tere Aangan Ki -LRB- 1979 -RRB- and Raakhee for Doosra Aadmi -LRB- 1978 -RRB- ; Nutan won Best Actress award for Main Tulsi Tere Aangan Ki -LRB- 1979 -RRB- . Madhuri Dixit and Rakhee are the overall most nominated performers in the female acting categories , each with overall 16 nominations . While Dixit has 14 nominations for Best Actress and 2 for Best Supporting Actress , Rakhee has 8 nominations in each of these categories . Eight Actresses have won the Best Actress awards in both the Popular and Critics Categories ; in chronological order , they are Dimple Kapadia , Karisma Kapoor , Rani Mukerji , Kareena Kapoor , Vidya Balan , Priyanka Chopra , Kangana Ranaut and Alia Bhatt . Mukerji is the first and only actress to win both these awards in the same year -LRB- 2006 -RRB- . Kareena Kapoor and Priyanka Chopra are the only two actresses to win Filmfare Awards in five different categories , while Kangana Ranaut has won in four categories . All the three actresses have won Best Actress , Best Supporting Actress and Best Female Debut awards once each . Kapoor won twice , while Chopra and Ranaut won once each in the Best Actress -LRB- Critics -RRB- category . Kapoor and Chopra also won one Special Award and one Best Villain Award , respectively . Kapoor , Chopra and Ranaut , thus have 6 , 5 and 4 Filmfare Awards respectively . " ]

[ 1, 0, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "Chinatown_-LRB-1974_film-RRB-", "Chinatown_Nights_-LRB-1938_film-RRB-", "Forbidden_City_Cop", "Licence_to_Steal", "Roman_Polanski" ]

[ "Chinatown is a 1974 American neo-noir mystery film , directed by Roman Polanski from a screenplay by Robert Towne , starring Jack Nicholson and Faye Dunaway . The film was inspired by the California Water Wars , a series of disputes over southern California water at the beginning of the 20th century , by which Los Angeles interests secured water rights in the Owens Valley . The Robert Evans production , a Paramount Pictures release , was the director 's last film in the United States and features many elements of film noir , particularly a multi-layered story that is part mystery and part psychological drama . In 1991 , the film was selected by the Library of Congress for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being `` culturally , historically or aesthetically significant '' and it is frequently listed as one of the greatest films of all-time . At the 47th Academy Awards , it was nominated for eleven Oscars , with Towne winning Best Original Screenplay . The Golden Globe Awards honored it for Best Drama , Best Director , Best Actor and Best Screenplay . The American Film Institute placed it second among mystery films in 2008 . A sequel , The Two Jakes , was released in 1990 , again starring Nicholson , who also directed , with Robert Towne returning to write the screenplay . The film failed to generate the acclaim of its predecessor . ", "Chinatown Nights is a 1938 British science fiction film directed by Toni Frenguelli and starring Harry Agar Lyons , Anne Grey and Robert Hobbs . ", "Forbidden City Cop -LRB- ; literal translation : `` Imperial Secret Agent 008 '' -RRB- is a 1996 Hong Kong wuxia comedy film directed by Vincent Kok and Stephen Chow and starring Chow , Carina Lau , and Carman Lee . ", "Licence to Steal -LRB- Chinese : 龍鳳賊捉賊 -RRB- is a 1990 Hong Kong action film directed by Billy Chan . It stars Joyce Godenzi , Yuen Biao and Sammo Hung in a cameo role . ", "Rajmund Roman Thierry Polański -LRB- born 18 August 1933 -RRB- is a French-Polish film director , producer , writer , actor , and convicted statutory rapist . Born in Paris , his Polish-Jewish parents moved the family back to Poland in 1937 , when he was four . Poland was invaded by Nazi Germany 2 years later , in 1939 , and Polanski spent the next six years of his childhood mostly on his own , trying to survive the ongoing Holocaust . Polanski 's first feature-length film , Knife in the Water -LRB- 1962 -RRB- , made in Poland , was nominated for a United States Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film . He has since received five more Oscar nominations , along with two BAFTAs , four Césars , a Golden Globe Award and the Palme d'Or of the Cannes Film Festival in France . In the United Kingdom he directed three films , beginning with Repulsion -LRB- 1965 -RRB- . In 1968 he moved to the United States and cemented his status by directing the horror film Rosemary 's Baby -LRB- 1968 -RRB- . A turning point in his life took place in 1969 , when his pregnant wife , Sharon Tate , along with four friends , were brutally murdered by members of the Manson Family . Following her death , Polanski returned to Europe and eventually continued directing . He made Macbeth -LRB- 1971 -RRB- in England and back in Hollywood , Chinatown -LRB- 1974 -RRB- , which was nominated for eleven Academy Awards . In 1977 , Polanski was arrested and charged with the rape of a 13-year-old model during a photo session . He subsequently pled guilty to the charge of statutory rape . He was released from prison after serving 42 days , and as part of an apparent plea bargain , was to be put on probation . When he learned that the judge changed his mind and planned to reject the plea bargain , he fled to Paris before sentencing . In Europe , Polanski continued to make films , including Tess -LRB- 1979 -RRB- , starring aspiring actress , Nastassja Kinski . It won France 's César Awards for Best Picture and Best Director , and received three Oscars . He later produced and directed The Pianist -LRB- 2002 -RRB- , starring Adrien Brody , in a World War II true story drama about a Jewish-Polish musician . The film won three Academy Awards including Best Director , along with numerous international awards . He also directed Oliver Twist -LRB- 2005 -RRB- , a story which parallels his own life as a `` young boy attempting to triumph over adversity '' . He was awarded Best Director for The Ghost Writer -LRB- 2010 -RRB- at the 23rd European Film Awards Having made films in Poland , the United Kingdom , France , and the United States , he is considered one of the few international filmmakers . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 2 ]

[ "Economy_of_Pakistan", "List_of_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation_member_states_by_GDP_per_capita_-LRB-PPP-RRB-", "Islamabad", "Pakistan", "Pakistani_tea_culture" ]

[ "The economy of Pakistan is the 25th largest in the world in terms of purchasing power parity -LRB- PPP -RRB- , and 42nd largest in terms of nominal gross domestic product . Pakistan has a population of over 190 million -LRB- the world 's 6th-largest -RRB- , giving it a nominal GDP per capita of $ 1,428 , which ranks 147th in the world for 2016 . However , Pakistan 's undocumented economy is estimated to be 36 % of its overall economy , which is not taken into consideration when calculating per capita income . Pakistan is a developing country and is one of the Next Eleven , the eleven countries and have a potential to be among the world 's large economies in the 21st century . However , after decades of war and social instability , as of 2013 , serious deficiencies in basic services such as railway transportation and electric power generation had developed . The economy is semi-industrialized , with centres of growth along the Indus River . Primary export commodities include textiles , leather goods , sports goods , chemicals and carpets/rugs . Growth poles of Pakistan 's economy are situated along the Indus River ; the diversified economies of Karachi and major urban centers in the Punjab , coexisting with lesser developed areas in other parts of the country . The economy has suffered in the past from internal political disputes , a fast-growing population , mixed levels of foreign investment . Foreign exchange reserves are bolstered by steady worker remittances , but a growing current account deficit -- driven by a widening trade gap as import growth outstrips export expansion -- could draw down reserves and dampen GDP growth in the medium term . Pakistan is currently undergoing a process of economic liberalization , including privatization of all government corporations , aimed to attract foreign investment and decrease budget deficit . In 2014 , foreign currency reserves crossed $ 18.4 billion which has led to stable outlook on the long-term rating by Standard & Poor 's . In 2016 , BMI Research report named Pakistan as one of the ten emerging economies with a particular focus on of its manufacturing hub . In October 2016 , the IMF chief Christine Lagarde confirmed her economic assessment in Islamabad that Pakistan 's economy was ` out of crisis ' The World Bank predicts that by 2018 , Pakistan 's economic growth will increase to a `` robust '' 5.4 % due to greater inflow of foreign investment , namely from the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor . According to the World Bank , poverty in Pakistan fell from 64.3 % in 2002 to 29.5 % in 2014 . Pakistan 's fiscal position continues to improve as the budget deficit has fallen from 6.4 % in 2013 to 4.3 % in 2016 . The country 's improving Macroeconomic position has led to Moody 's upgrading Pakistan 's debt outlook to `` stable '' . ", "This article includes a list of 57 member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation sorted by their gross domestic product -LRB- GDP -RRB- at purchasing power parity -LRB- PPP -RRB- per capita , the value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year divided by the average population for the same year . ", "Islamabad -LRB- -LSB- ɪzˈlɑːməˌbɑːd -RSB- -LSB- , , -LSB- ɪsˌlɑːmɑˈbɑːd̪ -RSB- -RRB- is the capital city of Pakistan located within the federal Islamabad Capital Territory . With a population of two million , it is the 10th largest city of Pakistan , while the larger Islamabad-Rawalpindi metropolitan area is the third largest in Pakistan with a population exceeding five million . The city is the political seat of Pakistan and is administered by the Islamabad Metropolitan Corporation , supported by the Capital Development Authority -LRB- CDA -RRB- . Islamabad is located in the Pothohar Plateau in the northeastern part of the country , between Rawalpindi District and the Margalla Hills National Park to the north . The region has historically been a part of the crossroads of Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa with the Margalla Pass acting as the gateway between the two regions . Islamabad was built during the 1960s to replace Karachi as Pakistan 's capital . The city 's master-plan divides the city into eight zones , including administrative , diplomatic enclave , residential areas , educational sectors , industrial sectors , commercial areas , and rural and green areas . The city is known for the presence of several parks and forests , including the Margalla Hills National Park and Shakarparian Park . The city is home to several landmarks , including the Faisal Mosque , the largest mosque in South Asia and the fourth largest in the world . Other landmarks include the Pakistan 's National Monument and Democracy Square . Islamabad is a beta - world city ; it is categorised as very high on the Human Development Index , the highest in the country . The city has the highest cost of living in Pakistan , and its population is dominated by middle and upper middle class citizens . The city is home to sixteen universities , including the Quaid-e-Azam University and NUST . The city is one of the safest in Pakistan , and has an expansive surveillance system with 1,900 CCTV cameras . ", "Pakistan -LRB- -LSB- pɑːkᵻˈstɑːn -RSB- -LSB- -RRB- , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan -LRB- -LSB- -RRB- , is a federal parliamentary republic in South Asia on the crossroads of Central and Western Asia . It is the sixth-most populous country with a population exceeding 201 million people . In terms of area , it is the 33rd-largest country spanning 881,913 km2 . Pakistan has a 1,046 km coastline along the Arabian Sea and its Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by India to the east , Afghanistan to the west , Iran to the southwest , and China in the far northeast , respectively . It is separated from Tajikistan by Afghanistan 's narrow Wakhan Corridor in the north , and also shares a maritime border with Oman . The territory that now constitutes Pakistan is considered a cradle of civilisation that was previously home to several ancient cultures , including the Mehrgarh of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age Indus Valley Civilisation , and later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures , including Hindus , Indo-Greeks , Muslims , Turco-Mongols , Afghans , and Sikhs . The area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties , including the Persian Achaemenid Empire , Alexander of Macedonia , the Indian Mauryan Empire , the Arab Umayyad Caliphate , the Delhi Sultanate , the Mongol Empire , the Mughal Empire , the Durrani Empire , the Sikh Empire , and most recently , the British Empire . Pakistan is unique among Muslim countries in that it is the only country to have been created in the name of Islam . As a result of the Pakistan Movement led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah and the subcontinent 's struggle for independence , Pakistan was created in 1947 as an independent homeland for South Asian Muslims . It is an ethnically and linguistically diverse country , with a similarly diverse geography and wildlife . Initially a dominion , Pakistan adopted a constitution in 1956 , becoming an Islamic republic . An ethnic civil war in 1971 resulted in the secession of East Pakistan as the new country of Bangladesh . In 1973 Pakistan adopted a new constitution establishing , alongside its pre-existing parliamentary republic status , a federal government based in Islamabad consisting of four provinces and four federal territories . The new constitution also stipulated that all laws were to conform to the injunctions of Islam as laid down in the Quran and Sunnah . A regional and middle power , Pakistan has the sixth-largest standing armed forces in the world and is also a nuclear power as well as a declared nuclear-weapons state , being the second in South Asia and the only nation in the Muslim world to have that status . Pakistan has a semi-industrialised economy with a well-integrated agriculture sector , and a growing services sector . The Pakistani economy is the 24th-largest in the world in terms of purchasing power and the 41st-largest in terms of nominal GDP -LRB- World Bank -RRB- . It is ranked among the emerging and growth-leading economies of the world , and is backed by one of the world 's largest and fastest-growing middle classes . The post-independence history of Pakistan has been characterised by periods of military rule , and since 2008 a transition to democracy , amid conflicts with neighbouring India . The country continues to face challenging problems such as illiteracy , healthcare , and corruption , but has substantially reduced poverty and terrorism and expanded per capita income . Pakistan is a member of the United Nations , the Non-Aligned Movement , the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation , the Commonwealth of Nations , the ECO , the SAARC , the Developing Eight , and the G20 developing nations , Group of 24 , Group of 77 , and ECOSOC . It is also an associate member of CERN . Pakistan is a signatory to the Kyoto Protocol , the Paris Agreement , and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights . ", "The consumption of tea in Pakistan , where it is called chai , its name in Urdu , is of central significance to its culture . It is one of the most consumed beverages in Pakistani cuisine . Pakistan does produce its own limited tea in Chinkiari -LRB- KP -RRB- farms , however it ranks as the third largest importer of tea in the world . In 2003 , as much as 109,000 tonnes of tea were consumed in Pakistan , ranking it at seven on the list of tea-consuming countries in the world . " ]

[ 0, 0, 1, 2, 0 ]

[ "Two_and_a_Half_Men", "List_of_Two_and_a_Half_Men_characters", "1992–93_Slovenian_Second_League", "Boys'_Club_-LRB-Parks_and_Recreation-RRB-", "2014–15_Morecambe_F.C._season" ]

[ "Two and a Half Men is an American television sitcom that originally aired on CBS for twelve seasons from September 22 , 2003 to February 19 , 2015 . Originally starring Charlie Sheen , Jon Cryer , and Angus T. Jones , the series was about a hedonistic jingle writer , Charlie Harper ; his uptight brother Alan ; and Alan 's troublesome son Jake . After Alan divorces , he moves with his son to share Charlie 's beachfront Malibu house and complicates Charlie 's freewheeling life . In 2010 , CBS and Warner Bros. . Television reached a multiyear broadcasting agreement for the series , renewing it through at least the 2011 -- 12 season . In February 2011 , however , CBS and Warner Bros. decided to end production for the rest of the eighth season after Sheen entered drug rehabilitation and made `` disparaging comments '' about the series ' creator and executive producer Chuck Lorre . Sheen 's contract was terminated the following month and he was confirmed not to be returning to the series . Ashton Kutcher was hired to replace him the following season as Walden Schmidt , a billionaire who buys Charlie 's house after his death . In April 2013 , CBS renewed the series for an eleventh season after closing one-year deals with Kutcher and Cryer . Jones , who was attending college , was relegated to recurring status for season 11 , but never made an appearance until the series finale . He was replaced by Jenny -LRB- Amber Tamblyn -RRB- , Charlie 's previously unknown daughter . In March 2014 , CBS renewed the series for a twelfth season , which was later announced to be the series ' last . The season began airing in October 2014 and concluded in February 2015 with the 40-minute series finale `` Of Course He 's Dead '' . The success of the series led to it being the fourth-highest revenue-generating program for 2012 , earning $ 3.24 million an episode . ", "The American sitcom Two and a Half Men , created and executive produced by Chuck Lorre and Lee Aronsohn , premiered on CBS on September 22 , 2003 . The show initially centers on seven characters : brothers Charlie and Alan Harper ; Jake Harper , the dimwitted son of Alan and his first ex-wife ; Judith Harper-Melnick , Alan 's first ex-wife , Herb 's ex-wife , and Jake and Milly 's mother ; Rose , one of Charlie 's previous one night stands who continuously stalks him ; Evelyn Harper , Charlie and Alan 's wealthy , five time widowed , bisexual mother , and Jake 's grandmother ; and last of all , Berta , Charlie 's sharp-tongued housekeeper , who later joins the main cast starting with season two after playing a major recurring role throughout the first season . In season nine , the show is revamped when Charlie is struck and killed by a moving train . Walden Schmidt replaces him as the new owner of the beach house , a recently divorced internet billionaire . In season eleven , Jake moves to Japan and leaves the series , so to replace `` the half-man '' , Charlie 's long-lost-daughter moves into the beach house after looking for her late father . Over time , several supporting characters have been promoted to starring roles : Berta -LRB- season 1 recurring ; season 2 -- 12 regular -RRB- , Charlie and Alan 's -LRB- and later Walden 's -RRB- sharp-tongued housekeeper ; Kandi -LRB- season 3 recurring ; season 4 regular ; season 10 guest -RRB- , one of Charlie 's former one night stands , and later on , Alan 's second ex-wife ; Chelsea -LRB- season 6 recurring ; season 7 regular ; season 9 guest -RRB- , Charlie 's second most notable love interest -LRB- after Rose -RRB- , and ex-fiancée ; Walden Schmidt -LRB- season 9 -- 12 -RRB- , an internet billionaire who buys Charlie 's beach house after his death ; Jenny -LRB- season 11 -- 12 -RRB- , Charlie 's illegitimate daughter from a one-night stand twenty years before ; last of all , Louis -LRB- season 12 -RRB- , the 6-year-old boy that Walden decides to adopt . The show also features numerous supporting characters , each of whom plays a prominent role in a small group of episodes . ", "The season started on 23 August 1992 and ended on 20 June 1993 . Each team played a total of 30 matches . ", "`` Boys ' Club '' is the fourth episode of the first season of the American comedy television series Parks and Recreation . It originally aired on NBC in the United States on April 30 , 2009 . It was written by Alan Yang and directed by Michael McCullers . In the episode , Leslie tries to integrate herself into the local `` boys club '' by drinking wine from an illegal gift basket , and gets into trouble as she tries to accept responsibility for her supposed mistake . In a B story , Andy cleans his apartment while Ann is at work . The episode included beer and props from Upland Brewing Company , a real-life company based in Bloomington , Indiana , in an attempt to give Pawnee an authentic Indiana atmosphere . `` Boys ' Club '' received positive to fair reviews , with some commentators praising the episode for better developing the show 's supporting characters . According to Nielsen Media Research , it was watched by 5.28 million households in its original airing , which was consistent with the previous week . `` Boys ' Club '' and the rest of the first season of Parks and Recreation was released on DVD in the United States on September 8 , 2009 . ", "The 2014 -- 15 season was Morecambe 's eighth consecutive season in League Two , the fourth tier of English football . They began the season on 9 August 2014 , with the opening match of their League Two campaign . They also competed in three cup competitions , the FA Cup , the League Cup and the League Trophy . However , they only made it past the First Round in the League Trophy , losing 3 -- 1 away to fellow League Two side Bury in the Second Round on 7 October 2014 . The season ended with a 3-1 home win over Southend United on 2 May 2015 , securing an 11th-place finish in the league , the club 's highest under Jim Bentley 's management . " ]

[ 2, 1, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Nina_Jacobson", "Adelina_von_Fürstenberg", "Nina_Chanel_Abney", "Nina_Heglund", "Nina_Serrano" ]

[ "Nina Jacobson -LRB- born 1965 -RRB- is an American film executive who , until July 2006 , was president of the Buena Vista Motion Pictures Group , a subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company . With Dawn Steel , Gail Berman and Sherry Lansing , she was one of the last of a handful of women to head a Hollywood film studio since the 1980s . She established her own production company called Color Force in 2007 , and is the producer of The Hunger Games movies . ", "Adelina von Fürstenberg-Herdringen -LRB- née Cüberyan -RRB- is an international curator and one of the field 's pioneers in broadening contemporary art . A Swiss citizen of Armenian origin -- granddaughter of the Armenian architect Dikran Kalfa Cüberyan -- she was born in Istanbul . She married when she was still at university , to the photographer Graf Franz Egon von Fürstenberg-Herdringen -LRB- b. 1939 -RRB- , son of Gloria Guinness -LRB- 1912-1980 -RRB- and Count Franz-Egon von Fürstenberg-Herdringen -LRB- 1896-1975 -RRB- . Von Fürstenberg was one of the first curators to show an interest in non-European artists , thus opening the way for a multicultural approach in art . She also took a more global and flexible approach to contemporary art exhibitions , in bringing art into spaces such as monasteries , medersas , large public buildings , squares , islands , and parks . Her objective is to give a larger context for visual art in making it a more vigorous part of our lives , in creating a more vivid dialogue for it with other arts , and relating it more to worldwide social issues . ", "Nina Chanel Abney -LRB- born 1982 -RRB- is an American artist . She was born in Harvey , Illinois . She is an African American contemporary artist and painter who explores race , gender , and politics in her work . She attended Augustana College in Rock Island , Illinois and received a BFA with a dual major in studio art and computer science . Abney then received an MFA at the Parsons School of Design . She is best known for her colorful graphic large-scale paintings , four of which are included in the `` 30 Americans '' exhibition of `` works by many of the most important African-American artists of the last three decades '' , which has toured museums and galleries in America since 2008 . Her work has also appeared the Whitney Museum , the Jack Shainman Gallery , as well as the Kravets Wehby Gallery in Chelsea . Sometime after college Nina took up work at Ford Motor Company for about a year on an assembly line thanks to the help of her mother who worked at an unemployment agency . ", "Nina Heglund -LRB- born 24 July 1993 in Oslo , Norway -RRB- is a Norwegian-British handball player . She plays for the British national team , and competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London . Heglund has a Scottish mother and is a dual citizen of Norway and the United Kingdom . She plays for the Norwegian team Asker SK . ", "Nina Serrano -LRB- born 1934 -RRB- is an American poet , writer , storyteller , and independent media producer who lives in Oakland , California . She is the author of Heartsongs : The Collected Poems of Nina Serrano -LRB- 1980 -RRB- and Pass it on ! : How to start your own senior storytelling program in the schools -LRB- Stagebridge -RRB- . Her poems are widely anthologized , including the literary anthology , Under the Fifth Sun : Latino Writers from California -LRB- Heyday Books -RRB- , and three anthologies of peace poems edited by Mary Rudge from Estuary Press . She translated two chap books from Peruvian poet Adrian Arias . She currently leads storytelling workshops at senior centers and elementary schools through Stagebridge.org . Serrano has won international film awards , including the XXXIII Mostra internazionale D'Arte Cinematografica award for Que Hacer : What is to Be Done ? ; and the Kraków , Poland International Short Film Festival award for After the Earthquake : Despues del terremoto . Serrano served as an Alameda County Arts Commissioner , and is a former director of San Francisco 's Poetry in the Schools program . She was a co-founder of the Mission Cultural Center for Latino Arts in San Francisco 's Mission District , where she is still actively involved . In addition , she is a long-time producer of radio programs on Pacifica Radio station KPFA -LRB- 94.1 FM -RRB- in Berkeley , California , currently hosting La Raza Chronicles on Tuesdays at 7:00 p.m. and Open Book the first Friday of each month at 3pm PST . Nina Serrano appears in the video Frida en el espejo/Frida in the Mirror '' by Adrian Arias and music by Greg Landau to be shown at the SF Film Festival in April 2009 . She is a great fan of band Carne Cruda and their new song Oakland 's Tight . She is consultant for Round World Media and Fig Leaf Technologies . Nina Serrano was awarded Oakland Magazine 's `` Best Local Poet '' award in 2010 . " ]

[ 1, 1, 0, 0, 1 ]

[ "Original_Vampires_-LRB-The_Vampire_Diaries-RRB-", "Wamphyri", "Vampire", "Mark_of_the_Vampire", "Undead" ]

[ "The Original vampires , in the universe of The Vampire Diaries and The Originals , are a family of vampires from which all current vampires descend , as well as being the most powerful and indestructible of their kind . In Autumn 1001 AD , after the death of her youngest son Henrik at the hands of werewolves , the powerful witch Esther performed an occult blood ritual in order to protect her five remaining children -- -LRB- Finn , Elijah , Niklaus , Kol , and Rebekah -RRB- -- and her husband , Mikael . The ritual transformed her family into the first vampires . ", "Wamphyri are a form of vampire described by Brian Lumley in his Necroscope series . Lumley has reinterpreted the traditional vampire legend . In his stories , a vampire is a leech-like parasite from an alien world which forms a symbiotic relationship with a host creature , usually a human or sometimes a canine such as a wolf or fox -LRB- werewolf -RRB- . While the symbiosis puts great demands on the host -LRB- such as requiring to feed on blood to survive -RRB- , the benefits include increased strength , speed , and resilience , a seemingly infinite lifespan that stretches into millennia , magnified senses , base emotional stimulation , access to latent psychic power such as ESP or telepathy , metamorphic flesh allowing flight or disguise , and certain narcotic effects . The vampires in the story have great control over people who are weak-minded , and could easily dominate the Earth if allowed to achieve their full potential . They also have the ability to produce lesser breeds of vampires for different purposes . ", "A vampire is a being from folklore that subsists by feeding on the life essence -LRB- generally in the form of blood -RRB- of the living . In European folklore , vampires were undead beings that often visited loved ones and caused mischief or deaths in the neighbourhoods they inhabited when they were alive . They wore shrouds and were often described as bloated and of ruddy or dark countenance , markedly different from today 's gaunt , pale vampire which dates from the early 19th century . Vampiric entities have been recorded in most cultures ; the term vampire , previously an arcane subject , was popularised in the West in the early 19th century , after an influx of vampire superstition into Western Europe from areas where vampire legends were frequent , such as the Balkans and Eastern Europe ; local variants were also known by different names , such as shtriga in Albania , vrykolakas in Greece and strigoi in Romania . This increased level of vampire superstition in Europe led to mass hysteria and in some cases resulted in corpses being staked and people being accused of vampirism . In modern times , the vampire is generally held to be a fictitious entity , although belief in similar vampiric creatures such as the chupacabra still persists in some cultures . Early folk belief in vampires has sometimes been ascribed to the ignorance of the body 's process of decomposition after death and how people in pre-industrial societies tried to rationalise this , creating the figure of the vampire to explain the mysteries of death . Porphyria was also linked with legends of vampirism in 1985 and received much media exposure , but has since been largely discredited . The charismatic and sophisticated vampire of modern fiction was born in 1819 with the publication of The Vampyre by John Polidori ; the story was highly successful and arguably the most influential vampire work of the early 19th century . Bram Stoker 's 1897 novel Dracula is remembered as the quintessential vampire novel and provided the basis of the modern vampire legend . The success of this book spawned a distinctive vampire genre , still popular in the 21st century , with books , films , and television shows . The vampire has since become a dominant figure in the horror genre . ", "Mark of the Vampire -LRB- also known as Vampires of Prague -RRB- is a 1935 horror film , starring Lionel Barrymore , Elizabeth Allan , Bela Lugosi , Lionel Atwill , and Jean Hersholt , and directed by Tod Browning . It is a talkie remake of Browning 's silent London After Midnight -LRB- 1927 -RRB- , with the characters ' names and some circumstances changed . ", "The undead are beings in mythology , legend , or fiction that are deceased but behave as if alive . A common example of an undead being is a corpse re-animated by supernatural forces , by the application of the deceased 's own life force , or that of another being -LRB- such as a demon -RRB- . The undead may be incorporeal like ghosts , or corporeal like vampires and zombies . The undead are featured in the belief systems of most cultures , and appear in many works of fantasy and horror fiction . The term is also occasionally used for putative non-supernatural cases of re-animation , from early experiments like Robert E. Cornish 's to future sciences such as cryonics and chemical brain preservation . Bram Stoker considered using the title The Un-Dead for his novel Dracula -LRB- 1897 -RRB- , and use of the term in the novel is mostly responsible for the modern sense of the word . The word does appear in English before Stoker but with the more literal sense of `` alive '' or `` not dead '' , for which citations can be found in the Oxford English Dictionary . In one passage , nosferatu is given as an `` Eastern European '' synonym for `` un-dead '' . Stoker 's use of the term refers only to vampires , and the extension to other types of supernatural beings arose later . Most commonly , it is now taken to refer to supernatural beings which had at one time been alive and continue to display some aspects of life after death , but the usage is highly variable . " ]

[ 0, 0, 2, 0, 0 ]

[ "Pitch_Perfect_2", "So_Much_Pretty", "You_Can't_Lead_with_Your_Feet_on_the_Desk", "Two_Plays_for_Voices", "A_Whole_Nother_Story" ]

[ "Pitch Perfect 2 is a 2015 American comedy film directed and co-produced by Elizabeth Banks and written by Kay Cannon . It is a sequel to the 2012 film Pitch Perfect and the second installment in the Pitch Perfect series . The film centers on the fictional Barden University and The Bellas , an all-female a cappella singing group . The film features an ensemble cast , including Anna Kendrick , Rebel Wilson , Hailee Steinfeld , Brittany Snow , Alexis Knapp , Hana Mae Lee , Ester Dean , Chrissie Fit , Kelley Jakle and Shelley Regner as The Bellas . It was released on May 15 , 2015 by Universal Pictures . The film grossed over $ 287 million and surpassed the total gross of the original film -LRB- $ 115.4 million -RRB- in five days , and also became the highest-grossing music comedy film of all-time , overtaking School of Rock -LRB- $ 131.3 million -RRB- . A sequel , Pitch Perfect 3 , is set to be released on December 22 , 2017 . ", "So Much Pretty is the debut novel of Cara Hoffman , published by Simon & Schuster and released on March 15 , 2011 . ", "You Ca n't Lead With Your Feet on the Desk : Building Relationships , Breaking Down Barriers , and Delivering Profits -LRB- ISBN 0-470-87961-0 -RRB- is a book by Edwin D. Fuller , first published by John Wiley & Sons , Inc. in 2011 . In `` You Ca n't Lead With Your Feet on the Desk '' , Fuller offers insight into how he and his small team of `` pioneers '' built Marriott International into a leading global hotel chain , expanding overseas business from 16 hotels in six countries , grossing $ 325 million , to nearly 400 properties across 70 countries with $ 7B in revenues . J. W. Marriott , Jr. , Chairman and CEO of Marriott International authored the foreword , stating `` Ed shares scores of personal anecdotes from a 40-year corporate career , along with those of other leaders , that illustrate how deep personal relationships built on mutual respect and trust , and nurtured over time , can save a volatile business deal , inspire team members to greatness , ensure service excellence , bridge cultural divides , and create a long-term , profitable business . '' Edwin Fuller writes , `` And my 10-million-plus miles have taught me a lot about the value of getting out from behind my desk and building relationships that span cultural differences . '' He goes on to point out that `` For any manager , knowledge of other cultures makes it easier to navigate the complexities of today 's multicultural workplace . '' Fuller refers to his `` 10-million-plus miles , '' which is actual air travel miles . The book is based on knowledge and information he gathered while traveling extensively to lead global expansion of Marriott International , Inc. during the 90s and 2000s . In August 2012 , the book was published in Japanese and in 2014 , it was published in Mandarin Chinese . You Ca n't Lead with Your Feet on the Desk provides details on the following : Build relationships through mutual respect Earn trust quickly by delivering during a crisis Understand how verbal and nonverbal cues can make or break a deal Lead from the front and be willing to give yourself the tough jobs Learn the local customs and history in order to create positive relationships ", "Two Plays for Voices is a sound recording of two of Neil Gaiman 's short stories , `` Snow , Glass , Apples '' and `` Murder Mysteries '' . `` Snow , Glass , Apples '' relates the traditional tale of Snow White from the non-traditional point of view of the Queen . In the story , no character is without their flaws , including Snow White , Prince Charming , and the narrator herself . Bebe Neuwirth voices the Queen , with Nick Wyman as the King . `` Murder Mysteries '' is dually narrated , alternating between the voice of a London man visiting Los Angeles , and that of an angel , Raguel . In exchange for two cigarettes and a box of matches , Raguel relates the story of the first murder . It is narrated by Michael Emerson , with Brian Dennehy as Raguel , and Thom Christopher as Lucifer . Both radio-dramas were written by Neil Gaiman and produced by Brian Smith of the Sci Fi Channel 's program , the Seeing Ear Theatre . `` Snow , Glass , Apples '' and `` Murder Mysteries '' have also been published in Smoke and Mirrors , a collection of Neil Gaiman 's short stories . ", "A Whole Nother Story is a children 's book of spy fiction published in 2010 by Dr. Cuthbert Soup . It is his debut novel . " ]

[ 1, 0, 1, 1, 0 ]

[ "Barbarella_-LRB-comics-RRB-", "Barbarella_-LRB-film-RRB-", "Pirates_of_the_Coast", "Stranger_on_the_Prowl", "Barbatia" ]

[ "Barbarella is a fictional heroine in a French science fiction comic book created by Jean-Claude Forest . ", "Barbarella is a 1968 science fiction film directed by Roger Vadim based on the French comic Barbarella . The film stars Jane Fonda as Barbarella , a representative of the United Earth government in the 41st century sent out to locate the scientist Durand Durand whose positronic ray could end humanity . Producer Dino De Laurentiis bought the rights to adapt Barbarella into a film . Vadim took the role as director as he had been a fan of comics and wanted to adapt one to film . Vadim attempted to cast several actors in the title role , including Virna Lisi , Brigitte Bardot and Sophia Loren before casting his then wife , Jane Fonda . Vadim also had his friend Terry Southern write the screenplay ; this was heavily altered during filming and several other writers are credited with it . The film was particularly popular on its release in the United Kingdom , where it was the second highest grossing film of the year after The Jungle Book . Contemporary film critics praised the film 's visuals and cinematography , but found the film 's storyline to be weak after the first few scenes . Since its release , several attempts at sequels , remakes and other adaptations have been planned but none have entered production . ", "Pirates of the Coast -LRB- I pirati della costa , also known as Pirates of the Barbary Coast -RRB- is a 1960 Italian adventure film directed by Domenico Paolella . ", "Imbarco a mezzanotte -LRB- internationally released as Stranger on the Prowl , also known as Giacomo and Encounter -RRB- is a 1952 Italian drama film directed by Joseph Losey and featuring Paul Muni . ", "Barbatia is a genus of `` bearded '' ark clams , marine bivalve mollusks in the family Arcidae , the ark clams . This genus is known in the fossil record from the Jurassic period to the Quaternary period -LRB- age range : 167.7 to 0.0 million years ago -RRB- . These fossils have been found all over the world . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Anneliese_van_der_Pol", "Lee_Vandervis", "Irene_Vorrink", "Jeltje_van_Nieuwenhoven", "Edmond_Hervé" ]

[ "Anneliese Louise van der Pol -LRB- Born September 23 , 1984 -RRB- is a Dutch and American actress , singer , model , and dancer . Following her early career in musical theatre , she was best known for her role as Chelsea Daniels on That 's So Raven . Van der Pol also has a career as a singer and has recorded several songs for The Walt Disney Company . She made her Broadway debut in 2007 , and appeared Off-Broadway in 2009 . She has also acted in the 2010 vampire spoof film Vampires Suck directed by Jason Friedberg and Aaron Seltzer . ", "Lee Vandervis -LRB- born 1957 -RRB- is a local-body politician who was first elected to the Dunedin City Council in the 2004 local elections . Vandervis has run for mayor in 2004 , 2007 , 2010 and 2013 , finishing second in 2007 . He is currently an elected councillor . ", "Irene Vorrink -LRB- The Hague , January 7 , 1918 -- Leek , August 21 , 1996 -RRB- was a PvdA politician . She was Minister of Health in the cabinet Den Uyl -LRB- 1973 -- 1977 -RRB- . She was born on January 7 , 1918 in The Hague as the daughter of the Dutch socialist leader Koos Vorrink . She studied law until 1943 and held several legal functions , before she became a member of the Senate for the PvdA in 1969 . In 1973 she became Minister of Health in the cabinet Den Uyl . A major issue was the legislation concerning drugs , which she achieved in 1976 together with Minister of Justice , Dries van Agt . The Netherlands has since then employed a distinction between hard and soft drugs . She also took the leading role in attempting to establish a legal basis for the fluoridation of drinking water . Though fluoridation to prevent tooth decay had been occurring in many areas across the Netherlands for years , the Supreme Court ruled in 1973 that it should be specifically provided for in the Water Supply law . Her bill to do so did not find support in the House of Representatives outside her own party , and was dropped . From 1978 until 1979 Vorrink was an alderman in the municipality of Amsterdam , concurrently serving in the municipal council . ", "Jeltje van Nieuwenhoven -LRB- born 2 August 1943 in Noordwolde -RRB- is a Dutch politician . She was a member of the House of Representatives for over 20 years for the social-democratic PvdA , and its chair for four years . ", "Edmond Hervé -LRB- born 3 December 1942 -RRB- is a French politician , a member of the Socialist Party and French senator from 2008 to 2014 . He was the mayor of Rennes from 1977 to 2008 , succeeding Henri Fréville . " ]

[ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Tennessee", "American_Civil_War", "Jefferson_Davis", "Andrew_Johnson", "Tennessee_Department_of_Financial_Institutions" ]

[ "Tennessee -LRB- -LSB- tɛnᵻˈsiː -RSB- -RRB- -LRB- -LSB- ᏔᎾᏏ , translit = Tanasi -RSB- -RRB- is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States . Tennessee is the 36th largest and the 16th most populous of the 50 United States . Tennessee is bordered by Kentucky and Virginia to the north , North Carolina to the east , Georgia , Alabama , and Mississippi to the south , and Arkansas and Missouri to the west . The Appalachian Mountains dominate the eastern part of the state , and the Mississippi River forms the state 's western border . Nashville is the state 's largest city , with a population of 660,388 . Tennessee 's second largest city is Memphis , which has a population of 652,717 . The state of Tennessee is rooted in the Watauga Association , a 1772 frontier pact generally regarded as the first constitutional government west of the Appalachians . What is now Tennessee was initially part of North Carolina , and later part of the Southwest Territory . Tennessee was admitted to the Union as the 16th state on June 1 , 1796 . Tennessee was the last state to leave the Union and join the Confederacy at the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861 . Occupied by Union forces from 1862 , it was the first state to be readmitted to the Union at the end of the war . Tennessee furnished more soldiers for the Confederate Army than any other state besides Virginia , and more soldiers for the Union Army than the rest of the Confederacy combined . Beginning during Reconstruction , it had competitive party politics , but a Democratic takeover in the late 1880s resulted in passage of disfranchisement laws that excluded most blacks and many poor whites from voting . This sharply reduced competition in politics in the state until after passage of civil rights legislation in the mid-20th century . In the 20th century , Tennessee transitioned from an agrarian economy to a more diversified economy , aided by massive federal investment in the Tennessee Valley Authority and , in the early 1940s , the city of Oak Ridge . This city was established to house the Manhattan Project 's uranium enrichment facilities , helping to build the world 's first atomic bomb , which was used during World War II . Tennessee 's major industries include agriculture , manufacturing , and tourism . Poultry , soybeans , and cattle are the state 's primary agricultural products , and major manufacturing exports include chemicals , transportation equipment , and electrical equipment . The Great Smoky Mountains National Park , the nation 's most visited national park , is headquartered in the eastern part of the state , and a section of the Appalachian Trail roughly follows the Tennessee-North Carolina border . Other major tourist attractions include the Tennessee Aquarium in Chattanooga ; Dollywood in Pigeon Forge ; Ripley 's Aquarium of the Smokies and Ober Gatlinburg in Gatlinburg ; the Parthenon , the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum , and Ryman Auditorium in Nashville ; the Jack Daniel 's Distillery in Lynchburg ; Elvis Presley 's Graceland residence and tomb , the Memphis Zoo , and the National Civil Rights Museum in Memphis ; and Bristol Motor Speedway in Bristol . ", "The American Civil War was fought in the United States from 1861 to 1865 . After a long standing controversy over slavery and state 's rights , war broke out in April 1861 , when Confederates attacked Fort Sumter in South Carolina , shortly after Abraham Lincoln was elected . The nationalists of the Union proclaimed loyalty to the U.S. Constitution . They faced secessionists of the Confederate States of America advocating states ' rights to perpetual slavery and its expansion in the Americas . Among the 34 U.S. states in February 1861 , seven Southern slave states individually declared their secession from the U.S. to form the Confederate States of America . The Confederacy grew to include eleven states ; it claimed two more border states -LRB- Kentucky and Missouri -RRB- , the Indian Territory , and the southern portions of the Union 's western territories of Arizona and New Mexico , which was organized and incorporated into the Confederacy as Confederate Arizona . The Confederacy was never diplomatically recognized by the United States government , nor was it recognized by any foreign country -LRB- although Britain and France granted it belligerent status -RRB- . The states that remained loyal , including the border states where slavery was legal , were known as the Union or the North . The North and South quickly raised volunteer and conscription armies that fought mostly in the South over four years . During this time many innovations in warfare occurred , including the development and use of iron-clad ships , ultimately changing naval strategy around the world . The Union finally won the war when General Robert E. Lee surrendered to General Ulysses S. Grant at the battle of Appomattox , which triggered a series of surrenders by Confederate generals throughout the southern states . Four years of intense combat left 620,000 to 750,000 soldiers dead , a higher number than the number of American military deaths in World War I and World War II combined , and much of the South 's infrastructure was destroyed . The Confederacy collapsed , slavery was abolished and 4 million slaves were freed . The Reconstruction Era -LRB- 1863 -- 1877 -RRB- overlapped and followed the war , with the process of restoring national unity , strengthening the national government , and granting civil rights to freed slaves throughout the country . The Civil War is arguably the most studied and written about episode in American history . ", "Jefferson Finis Davis -LRB- June 3 , 1808 -- December 6 , 1889 -RRB- was an American politician who was a Democratic U.S. Representative and Senator from Mississippi , the 23rd U.S. Secretary of War , and the President of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War . He took personal charge of the Confederate war plans but was unable to find a strategy to defeat the more populous and industrialized Union . His diplomatic efforts failed to gain recognition from any foreign country , and at home , the collapsing Confederate economy forced his government to print more and more paper money to cover the war 's expenses , leading to runaway inflation and devaluation of the Confederate dollar . Davis was born in Kentucky to a moderately prosperous farmer , and grew up on his older brother Joseph 's large cotton plantations in Mississippi and Louisiana . Joseph Davis also secured his appointment to the U.S. Military Academy at West Point . After graduating , Jefferson Davis served six years as a lieutenant in the U.S. Army . He fought in the Mexican -- American War -LRB- 1846 -- 1848 -RRB- , as the colonel of a volunteer regiment . He served as the U.S. Secretary of War from 1853 to 1857 under President Franklin Pierce , and as a Democratic U.S. senator from Mississippi . Before the war , he operated a large cotton plantation in Mississippi but never owned more than 74 slaves . After the war had ended , he remained a proud apologist for the cause of slavery for which he and the Confederacy had fought . Although Davis argued against secession in 1858 , he believed that each state was sovereign and had an unquestionable right to secede from the Union . Davis 's first wife , Sarah Knox Taylor , died of malaria after three months of marriage , and he also struggled with recurring bouts of the disease . He was unhealthy for much of his life . At the age of 36 , Davis married again , to 18-year-old Varina Howell , a native of Natchez who had been educated in Philadelphia and had some family ties in the North . They had six children . Only two survived him , and only one married and had children . Many historians attribute the Confederacy 's weaknesses to the poor leadership of President Davis . His preoccupation with detail , reluctance to delegate responsibility , lack of popular appeal , feuds with powerful state governors and generals , favoritism toward old friends , inability to get along with people who disagreed with him , neglect of civil matters in favor of military ones , and resistance to public opinion all worked against him . Historians agree he was a much less effective war leader than his Union counterpart Abraham Lincoln . After Davis was captured in 1865 , he was accused of treason and imprisoned at Fort Monroe . He was never tried and was released after two years . While not disgraced , Davis had been displaced in ex-Confederate affection after the war by his leading general , Robert E. Lee . Davis wrote a memoir entitled The Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government , which he completed in 1881 . By the late 1880s , he began to encourage reconciliation , telling Southerners to be loyal to the Union . Ex-Confederates came to appreciate his role in the war , seeing him as a Southern patriot , and he became a hero of the Lost Cause in the post-Reconstruction South . ", "Andrew Johnson -LRB- December 29 , 1808 July 31 , 1875 -RRB- was the 17th President of the United States , serving from 1865 to 1869 . Johnson became president as he was vice president at the time of the assassination of Abraham Lincoln . A Democrat who ran with Lincoln on the National Union ticket , Johnson came to office as the Civil War concluded . The new president favored quick restoration of the seceded states to the Union . His plans did not give protection to the former slaves , and he came into conflict with the Republican-dominated Congress , culminating in his impeachment by the House of Representatives . The first American president to be impeached , he was acquitted in the Senate by one vote . Johnson was born in poverty in Raleigh , North Carolina . Apprenticed as a tailor , he worked in several frontier towns before settling in Greeneville , Tennessee . He served as alderman and mayor there before being elected to the Tennessee House of Representatives in 1835 . After brief service in the Tennessee Senate , Johnson was elected to the federal House of Representatives in 1843 , where he served five two-year terms . He became Governor of Tennessee for four years , and was elected by the legislature to the US Senate in 1857 . In his congressional service , he sought passage of the Homestead Bill , which was enacted soon after he left his Senate seat in 1862 . As Southern slave states , including Tennessee , seceded to form the Confederate States of America , Johnson remained firmly with the Union . He was the only sitting senator from a Confederate state who did not resign his seat upon learning of his state 's secession . In 1862 , Lincoln appointed him as military governor of Tennessee after most of it had been retaken . In 1864 , Johnson , as a War Democrat and Southern Unionist , was a logical choice as running mate for Lincoln , who wished to send a message of national unity in his re-election campaign ; their ticket easily won . When Johnson was sworn in as vice president in March 1865 , he gave a rambling speech , after which he secluded himself to avoid public ridicule . Six weeks later , the assassination of Lincoln made him president . Johnson implemented his own form of Presidential Reconstruction -- a series of proclamations directing the seceded states to hold conventions and elections to re-form their civil governments . When Southern states returned many of their old leaders , and passed Black Codes to deprive the freedmen of many civil liberties , Congressional Republicans refused to seat legislators from those states and advanced legislation to overrule the Southern actions . Johnson vetoed their bills , and Congressional Republicans overrode him , setting a pattern for the remainder of his presidency . Johnson opposed the Fourteenth Amendment , which gave citizenship to former slaves . In 1866 , Johnson went on an unprecedented national tour promoting his executive policies , seeking to destroy his Republican opponents . As the conflict between the branches of government grew , Congress passed the Tenure of Office Act , restricting Johnson 's ability to fire Cabinet officials . When he persisted in trying to dismiss Secretary of War Edwin Stanton , he was impeached by the House of Representatives , and narrowly avoided conviction in the Senate and removal from office . Returning to Tennessee after his presidency , Johnson sought political vindication and gained it in his eyes when he was elected to the Senate again in 1875 -LRB- the only former president to serve there -RRB- , just months before his death . Johnson is regarded by many historians as one of the worst presidents in American history . While some admire his strict constitutionalism , his strong opposition to federally guaranteed rights for African Americans is widely criticized . ", "The Tennessee Department of Financial Institutions is a Cabinet-level agency within Tennessee state government , currently led by Greg Gonzales , Commissioner of Financial Institutions . The Department is responsible for regulating Tennessee 's banking system , including state-chartered banks and credit unions , and handling consumer complaints involving state regulated financial institutions . The Department is divided into the Administrative/Legal Division , Bank Division , Compliance Division , Consumer Resources Division , and the Credit Union Division - each of which is led by an Assistant Commissioner . The Banking Department , created in 1913 , was headed by the Superintendent of Banks when it was first established , ten years later credit unions were added to its responsibilities . Over the next eighty-five years , the Department made a final name change and increased regulatory responsibilities to cover trust companies , licensed business and industrial development corporations -LRB- BIDCOs -RRB- , industrial loan and thrift offices , insurance premium finance companies , mortgage companies , check cashers , deferred presentment services companies , money transmitters , and title loan companies . " ]

[ 1, 2, 2, 2, 1 ]

[ "Ed_Gein", "Field_Report", "David_Ostlund", "John_Elkins", "William_Calin" ]

[ "Edward Theodore Gein -LRB- -LSB- ˈɡiːn -RSB- August 27 , 1906 -- July 26 , 1984 -RRB- , also known as The Butcher of Plainfield , was an American murderer and body snatcher . His crimes , committed around his hometown of Plainfield , Wisconsin , gathered widespread notoriety after authorities discovered that Gein had exhumed corpses from local graveyards and fashioned trophies and keepsakes from their bones and skin . Gein confessed to killing two women -- tavern owner Mary Hogan on December 8 , 1954 , and a Plainfield hardware store owner , Bernice Worden , on November 16 , 1957 . Gein was initially found unfit to stand trial and confined to a mental health facility . In 1968 , Gein was found guilty but legally insane of the murder of Worden and was remanded to psychiatric institutions . He died at Mendota Mental Health Institute of cancer-induced liver and respiratory failure at age 77 on July 26 , 1984 . He is buried next to his family in the Plainfield Cemetery , in a now-unmarked grave . ", "Field Report is an American folk band from Milwaukee , Wisconsin led by singer/songwriter Christopher Porterfield . The band 's name is an anagram of the surname Porterfield . ", "David Ostlund -LRB- born May 7 , 1981 -RRB- is an American professional strongman competitor . He grew up in Edina , Minnesota and attended Edina High School . Ostlund was a member of the Edina track and field team and competed in the shot put and discus events . It was his weight training for track that initially sparked his interest in the sport of strongman . Ostlund began training with rocks and tires in addition to his weight training and in May 2001 , he entered his first strongman contest in Lac du Flambeau , Wisconsin . He was placed first and has been competing regularly ever since . Ostlund attended the University of St. Thomas in St. Paul , Minnesota where he continued his weight and strongman training . He graduated in 2003 and worked for about a year as a real estate appraiser . In 2004 , he won his pro card at The Strongest in the West contest in Eagle , Idaho . In October 2005 , he married Kate Strachota , whom he met at college . On March 9 , 2009 Dave and Kate welcomed William Thor Ostlund into their family . They currently live in Edina , MN with William and a vizsla puppy named Mutsy . ", "John Elkins -LRB- May 12 , 1815 -- December 13 , 1898 -RRB- was an American jeweler and politician . Also , `` Placerino de corazón '' . Born in Piermont , New Hampshire , Elkins learned the jewelry trade in Boston , Massachusetts and Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania . He worked in Saint Louis , Missouri , Rushville , Illinois , and Fort Madison , Iowa in the jewelry business . In 1843 , Elkins moved to Southport , Wisconsin Territory and finally to Racine , Wisconsin in 1852 continued to work as a jeweler . Politically , Elkins was a Whig and then became a Republican , when he served in the Wisconsin State Assembly in 1873 . Elkins also served on the school board . Elkins died at his home in Racine , Wisconsin . ", "William Compaine Calin -LRB- born April 4 , 1936 in Newington , Connecticut -RRB- is a senior scholar of Medieval French literature and French Poetry at the University of Florida . His work has focused on Occitan Studies and on Franco-British literary relations . " ]

[ 1, 0, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "Stanford_prison_experiment", "Thomas_Welton_Stanford", "Beati_quorum_via_-LRB-Stanford-RRB-", "Mental_Health_Research_UK", "The_Grandmothers-COLON-_Four_Short_Novels" ]

[ "The Stanford prison experiment -LRB- SPE -RRB- was an attempt to investigate the psychological effects of perceived power , focusing on the struggle between prisoners and prison guards . It was conducted at Stanford University on August 14 -- 20 , 1971 , by a research group led by psychology professor Philip Zimbardo using college students . It was funded by the U.S. Office of Naval Research as an investigation into the causes of difficulties between guards and prisoners in the United States Navy and United States Marine Corps . The experiment is a topic covered in most introductory psychology textbooks . Some participants developed their roles as the guards and enforced authoritarian measures and ultimately subjected some prisoners to psychological torture . Many of the prisoners passively accepted psychological abuse and , by the guards ' request , actively harassed other prisoners who tried to stop it . Zimbardo , in his role as the superintendent , allowed abuse to continue . Two of the prisoners left mid-experiment , and the whole exercise was abandoned after six days following the objections of graduate student Christina Maslach , whom Zimbardo was dating -LRB- and later married -RRB- . Certain portions of the experiment were filmed , and excerpts of footage are publicly available . ", "Thomas Welton Stanford -LRB- 1832 - 1918 -RRB- , also known as Welton Stanford , was an American-born Australian businessman , spiritualist and philanthropist , most notably toward Stanford University , which was founded by his older brother Leland Stanford . Although living most of his adult life in Australia , he kept his American citizenship and served intermittently as honorary American vice consul-general in Melbourne . Thomas Welton Stanford was born in 1832 in Albany , New York , the youngest of six sons of Josiah Stanford , a public works contractor , and his wife Elizabeth , née Phillips . He was educated at Troy Conference Academy in Vermont . In 1852 , he left for California , attracted by the California Gold Rush as were all of his brothers . They ran a store in the gold fields for a few years ; by 1858 the brothers were running the largest oil company in the West . In December 1859 , Thomas and his brother DeWitt Stanford moved to Melbourne . In Australia , he became a distributor for Singer sewing machines and rang up record sales , using innovative sales techniques such as time payment . By the time Singer stopped using independent distributors in the 1880s , Stanford was a wealthy man . He became increasingly reclusive after DeWitt 's death and developed a strong interest in spiritualism . He founded the Victorian Association of Progressive Spiritualists , together with W. H. Terry and J. B. Motherwell , and sponsored many séances , becoming known as the `` father of spiritualism in Australia '' . He served on the board of trustees of Stanford University , which had been founded in 1891 as a memorial to Leland and Jane Stanford 's only son Leland Stanford Jr. , almost from its inception until his death . He was also a generous and frequent benefactor to the university . When he received a legacy from his brother Leland 's will , he donated half of it -LRB- $ 300,000 -RRB- to Stanford . He donated his books on Australia and his art collection to the university , and underwrote the construction of a library to house them . The Thomas Welton Stanford Library , built in 1900 , was the university 's main library until the completion of a new main library -LRB- now the Green Library -RRB- in 1919 . His art collection formed the nucleus of the university 's art department , and his contributions built the Thomas Welton Stanford Art Gallery on the campus , which was completed in 1917 and is still the art department 's main gallery . The first Director of the Gallery was Pedro Joseph de Lemos , the former head of the San Francisco Art Institute , who staged during his tenure from 1917 to 1945 a near continuous series of exhibitions focused on important contemporary artists as well as crafts . Many of T. W. Stanford 's donations to the university were earmarked for `` psychical research '' , resulting in the publication of a 640-page volume called Experiments in Psychical Research at Leland Stanford Junior University , published in 1917 . At the insistence of university lawyers , his later donations were earmarked for `` psychical research and related phenomena '' , which was interpreted to mean the entire psychology department ; for several years his grants supplied almost the entire budget for the department . He died August 28 , 1918 , at his home in East Melbourne , and left the bulk of his estate to Stanford University . His papers are housed in the university archives . ", "Beati quorum via -LRB- Blessed are those whose way -RRB- , Op. 38 , No. 3 , is a motet for mixed unaccompanied six-part choir by Charles Villiers Stanford , a setting of the first verse of Psalm 119 in Latin . It is the last of Stanford 's Three Latin Motets , published in 1905 . Stanford composed it at the end of the 19th century when he was a teacher at the Royal College of Music in London . Paul J. Rodmell wrote in his review of R. J. Stowe 's book Stanford education : `` his finest unaccompanied motets , such as Beati quorum via , attain neo-Brucknerian sublimity '' , comparing Stanford 's work to that of Hubert Parry and Anton Bruckner . ", "Mental Health Research UK -LRB- Charity No : 1125538 -RRB- is the UK 's first charity dedicated to funding research into the causes of mental illness in order to develop better treatments with fewer side-effects . Co-founded in 2008 by Professor Clair Chilvers , the late John Grace QC , and Dr. Laura Davidson , the charity advertises funds available for Ph.D research scholarships , for which Universities apply . The charity has a scientific advisory board , and shortlisted candidates are interviewed . The successful University then advertises for the best Ph.D student in a further competitive process . To date , Mental Health Research UK has awarded nine research scholarships , each worth in the region of # 120,000 , in the areas of schizophrenia , depression , bipolar , and suicidal behaviour . In 2014 , MHRUK linked with the Schizophrenia Research Fund -LRB- SRF -RRB- , with the Trustees of SRF joining MHRUK 's Trustees who now manage both charities . MHRUK has pledged to use 95 % of all funds raised for the charity for its core aim : mental health research . Mental Health Research UK has a strong link to the legal profession , with three of its Trustees being barristers -LRB- John Grace QC , Dr. Laura Davidson , and the President of the Supreme Court , Lord David Neuberger -RRB- . The charity set up the John Grace QC Ph.D scholarship focusing on schizophrenia in memory of the late John Grace who died from a brain tumour in 2011 , and who had a relative who suffered from the disorder . ", "The Grandmothers : Four Short Novels is collection of four short stories published in 2003 by 2007 Nobel laureate Doris Lessing . The 2013 Australian-French film Adore -LRB- alternatively known as Adoration ; previously known as Two Mothers and Perfect Mothers -RRB- is based on the story The Grandmothers . In 2014 , the story Victoria and the Staveneys was adapted into a French film by Jean-Paul Civeyrac called Mon amie Victoria . " ]

[ 0, 1, 0, 1, 0 ]

[ "Aphrodite", "Dione_-LRB-Titaness-RRB-", "Anchises", "Lysidice_-LRB-mythology-RRB-", "Penthesilea" ]

[ "Aphrodite -LRB- -LSB- æfrəˈdaɪti -RSB- ; Greek : Αφροδίτη -LRB- Afrodíti -RRB- -RRB- is the Greek goddess of love , beauty , pleasure , and procreation . She is identified with the planet Venus ; her Roman equivalent is the goddess -LSB- Venus -LRB- mythology -RRB- , Venus -RSB- . Myrtle , roses , doves , sparrows and swans were sacred to her . In Hesiod 's Theogony , Aphrodite was created from the sea foam -LRB- aphros -RRB- produced by Uranus 's genitals , which had been severed by Cronus . In Homer 's Iliad , however , she is the daughter of Zeus and Dione . In Plato -LRB- Symposium , 180e -RRB- , these two origins are said to be of hitherto separate entities : Aphrodite Ourania -LRB- a transcendent , `` Heavenly '' Aphrodite -RRB- and Aphrodite Pandemos -LRB- Aphrodite common to `` all the people '' -RRB- . She had many other names , each emphasising a different aspect of the same goddess , or used by a different local cult . Thus she was also known as Cytherea -LRB- Lady of Cythera -RRB- and Cypris -LRB- Lady of Cyprus -RRB- , both of which claimed to be her place of birth . In Greek myth , the other gods feared that Aphrodite 's beauty might lead to conflict and war , through rivalry for her favours ; so Zeus married her off to Hephaestus . Despite this , Aphrodite followed her own inclinations , and had many lovers -- both gods , such as Ares , and men , such as Anchises . She played a role in the Eros and Psyche legend , and was both lover and surrogate mother of Adonis . Many lesser beings were said to be children of Aphrodite . ", "Dione -LRB- -LSB- daɪˈoʊni -RSB- Διώνη , Diōnē -RRB- was an ancient Greek goddess , an oracular Titaness primarily known from Book V of Homer 's Iliad , where she tends to the wounds suffered by her daughter Aphrodite . One source describes her as an ancient wife of Zeus . ", "In Greek mythology , Anchises -LRB- -LSB- ænˈkaɪsiːz -RSB- or -LSB- æŋˈkaɪsiːz -RSB- ; , -LSB- aŋkʰi͜ísɛ͜ɛs -RSB- -RRB- was the son of Capys and Themiste -LRB- daughter of Ilus , who was son of Tros -RRB- . He was the father of Aeneas and a member of the royal family of Troy . His major claim to fame in Greek mythology is that he was a mortal lover of the goddess Aphrodite -LRB- and in Roman mythology , the lover of Venus -RRB- . One version is that Aphrodite pretended to be a Phrygian princess and seduced him . She later revealed herself and informed him that they would have a son named Aeneas . Aphrodite had warned him that if he boasted of the affair , he would be blasted by the thunderbolt of Zeus . He did not heed her warning and was struck with a thunderbolt , which in different versions either blinds him or kills him . The principal early narrative of Aphrodite 's seduction of Anchises and the birth of Aeneas is the Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite . According to the Bibliotheca , Anchises and Aphrodite had another son , Lyrus , who died childless . He later had a mortal wife named Eriopis , according to the scholiasts , and he is credited with other children beside Aeneas and Lyrus . Homer , in the Iliad , mentions a daughter named Hippodameia , their eldest -LRB- `` the darling of her father and mother '' -RRB- , who married her cousin Alcathous . After the defeat of Troy in the Trojan War , the elderly Anchises was carried from the burning city by his son Aeneas , accompanied by Aeneas ' wife Creusa , who died in the escape attempt , and small son Ascanius . The subject is depicted in several paintings , including a famous version by Federico Barocci in the Galleria Borghese in Rome . The rescue is also mentioned in a speech in Shakespeare 's Julius Caesar when Cassius attempts to persuade Brutus to murder Caesar . Anchises himself died and was buried in Sicily many years later . Aeneas later visited Hades and saw his father again in the Elysian Fields . Homer 's Iliad mentions another Anchises , a wealthy native of Sicyon in Greece and father of Echepolus . ", "Lysidice is the name of several women in Greek mythology . Lysidice , daughter of Thespius and Megamede , mother of a son Teles by Heracles . Lysidice , daughter of Pelops and Hippodamia . She married Mestor and became the mother of Hippothoe . She was also sometimes said to be the mother of Alcmene , by Electryon . Lysidice , daughter of Coronus , mother of Philaeus by Ajax the Great . Lysidice of Athens , one of the would-be sacrificial victims of Minotaur . ", "Penthesilea or Penthesileia was an Amazonian queen in Greek mythology , the daughter of Ares and Otrera and the sister of Hippolyta , Antiope and Melanippe . Quintus Smyrnaeus explains more fully than pseudo-Apollodorus how Penthesilea came to be at Troy : Penthesilea had killed Hippolyta with a spear when they were hunting deer ; this accident caused Penthesilea so much grief that she wished only to die , but , as a warrior and an Amazon , she had to do so honorably and in battle . She therefore was easily convinced to join in the Trojan War , fighting on the side of Troy 's defenders . " ]

[ 1, 0, 1, 0, 0 ]

[ "Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart", "Maria_Anna_Thekla_Mozart", "Elisabeth_Wendling", "Johann_of_Isenberg-Limburg", "Princess_Anna_of_Saxony_-LRB-1836–1859-RRB-" ]

[ "Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart -LRB- -LSB- ˈwʊlfɡæŋ_æməˈdeɪəs_ˈmoʊtsɑrt -RSB- ; -LSB- ˈvɔlfɡaŋ amaˈdeːʊs ˈmoːtsaʁt -RSB- ; 27 January 1756 -- 5 December 1791 -RRB- , baptised as Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart , was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical era . Born in Salzburg , he showed prodigious ability from his earliest childhood . Already competent on keyboard and violin , he composed from the age of five and performed before European royalty . At 17 , Mozart was engaged as a musician at the Salzburg court , but grew restless and traveled in search of a better position . While visiting Vienna in 1781 , he was dismissed from his Salzburg position . He chose to stay in the capital , where he achieved fame but little financial security . During his final years in Vienna , he composed many of his best-known symphonies , concertos , and operas , and portions of the Requiem , which was largely unfinished at the time of his death . The circumstances of his early death have been much mythologized . He was survived by his wife Constanze and two sons . He composed more than 600 works , many acknowledged as pinnacles of symphonic , concertante , chamber , operatic , and choral music . He is among the most enduringly popular of classical composers , and his influence is profound on subsequent Western art music . Ludwig van Beethoven composed his own early works in the shadow of Mozart , and Joseph Haydn wrote : `` posterity will not see such a talent again in 100 years '' . ", "Maria Anna Thekla Mozart -LRB- September 25 , 1758 -- January 25 , 1841 -RRB- , called Marianne , known as Bäsle -LRB- `` little cousin '' -RRB- , was the cousin of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart . ", "Elisabeth -LRB- `` Lisl '' -RRB- Augusta Wendling , -LRB- née Sarselli ; 20 February 1746 -LRB- baptised -RRB- -- 10 January 1786 -RRB- was a German soprano , for whom Mozart wrote the role of Electra in his opera Idomeneo , re di Creta . Wendling was born in Mannheim . There were four musicians in the original Idomeneo from the Wendling family . She usually sang with her sister-in-law Dorothea Wendling , after her début in 1762 in Sofonisba by Tommaso Traetta . Later , she occasionally sang as the prima donna , most famously as Anna in Günther von Schwarzburg -LRB- 1777 -RRB- by Ignaz Holzbauer . In a letter , Mozart says he has been introduced to her by Cannabich and that she was very good-looking , and a good musician . Wendling had been greatly praised by Mozart 's father and thus was chosen for the role of Electra . In 1785 she was engaged to sing in Alessio Prati 's Armida abbandonata , but fell ill and had to hand the role to her niece ; she never sang in public again . She died in Munich . ", "Johann of Isenberg-Limburg , count of Limburg -LRB- born before 1246 , died before 1277 -RRB- , son of Dietrich I of Isenberg . He married Agnes von Wildenberg ; they had three children : Dietrich II , count of Isenberg-Limburg -LRB- died c. 1303 -RRB- . Friedrich , a canon in Cologne -LRB- died 1321 -RRB- ; Mechtild , married Egbert von Almelo . ", "Princess Anna Maria Maximiliane Stephania Karoline Johanna Luisa Xaveria Nepomucena Aloysia Benedicta of Saxony , Duchess of Saxony -LRB- Full German name : Prinzessin Anna Maria Maximiliane Stephania Karoline Johanna Luisa Xaveria Nepomucena Aloysia Benedicta von Sachsen , Herzogin zu Sachsen -RRB- -LRB- born 4 January 1836 in Dresden , Kingdom of Saxony ; died 10 February 1859 in Naples , Kingdom of the Two Sicilies -RRB- was the seventh child and fourth eldest daughter of John of Saxony and his wife Amalie Auguste of Bavaria and a younger sister of Albert of Saxony and George of Saxony . Through her marriage to Archduke Ferdinand , Hereditary Prince of Tuscany , Anna was a member of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine and an Archduchess and Princess of Austria and Princess of Hungary , Croatia , Bohemia , and Tuscany . Ann died shortly before her husband succeeded his father as Grand Duke of Tuscany . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Simon_Pegg", "Chris_Hopewell", "Rebecca_Ferrand", "Simon_Jowett", "Jimmy_Pegg" ]

[ "Simon John Pegg -LRB- né Beckingham ; born 14 February 1970 -RRB- is an English actor , comedian , screenwriter , and producer . He co-wrote and starred in the Three Flavours Cornetto trilogy of films : Shaun of the Dead -LRB- 2004 -RRB- , Hot Fuzz -LRB- 2007 -RRB- , and The World 's End -LRB- 2013 -RRB- . He and Nick Frost wrote and starred in the sci-fi film Paul -LRB- 2011 -RRB- . Pegg portrayed Benji Dunn in the Mission : Impossible film series -LRB- 2006-present -RRB- and Montgomery Scott in Star Trek -LRB- 2009 -RRB- , Star Trek Into Darkness -LRB- 2013 -RRB- , and Star Trek Beyond -LRB- 2016 -RRB- , co-writing the latter . ", "Chris Hopewell is an English music video director . He has directed videos for Radiohead , Franz Ferdinand , The Killers , Scissor Sisters , Louis XIV , The Knife , The Offspring and several other bands . His video for Radiohead 's `` There There '' received an award for art direction at the 2003 MTV Video Music Awards . He also co-directed with Crispin Mills on the film A Fantastic Fear of Everything starring Simon Pegg . His most recent work is directing the music video for Avenged Sevenfold 's 2016 single , `` The Stage '' . ", "Rebecca Ferrand is a film and television producer , line producer . She is most well known for her producing of the infamous , banned animation Popetown , working as associate producer for Catterick , and producing Channel 4 television show Blunder . During her career Ferrand has worked primarily in comedy , and alongside Simon Pegg , Matt Lucas , Vic Reeves and comedy partner Bob Mortimer , Ruby Wax , Mackenzie Crook and Ben Miller . ", "Simon Jowett is a British author and scriptwriter . ", "James Kenneth `` Jimmy '' Pegg -LRB- 4 January 1926 -- 25 August 1999 -RRB- , also known as Ken Pegg , was an English professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper in the Football League for Manchester United , Torquay United and York City . " ]

[ 1, 2, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Vandals", "Vandal_Love", "East_Germanic_tribes", "Visigoths", "Huneric" ]

[ "The Vandals were an East Germanic tribe , or group of tribes , who were first heard of in southern Poland , but later moved around Europe establishing kingdoms in Spain and later North Africa in the 5th century . The Vandals are believed to have migrated from southern Scandinavia to the area between the lower Oder and Vistula rivers during the 2nd century BC and to have settled in Silesia from around 120 BC . They are associated with the Przeworsk culture and were possibly the same people as the Lugii . Expanding into Dacia during the Marcomannic Wars and to Pannonia during the Crisis of the Third Century , the Vandals were confined to Pannonia by the Goths around 330 AD , where they received permission to settle by Constantine the Great . Around 400 , raids by the Huns forced many of the Germanic tribes like the Goths to migrate to the Roman Empire , and fearing that they might be targeted next , the Vandals were pushed westwards crossing the Rhine into Gaul along with other tribes in 406 . In 409 , the Vandals crossed the Pyrenees into the Iberian Peninsula , where their main groups , the Hasdingi and the Silingi , settled in Gallaecia -LRB- northwest -RRB- and Baetica -LRB- south central -RRB- respectively . After the Visigoths invaded Iberia , the Iranian Alans and Silingi Vandals voluntarily subjected to the rule of Hasdingian leader Gunderic , who was pushed from Gallaecia to Baetica by a Roman-Suebi coalition in 419 . In 429 , under king Genseric , the Vandals entered North Africa . By 439 they established a kingdom which included the Roman province of Africa as well as Sicily , Corsica , Sardinia , Malta and the Balearic Islands . They fended off several Roman attempts to recapture the African province , and sacked the city of Rome in 455 . Their kingdom collapsed in the Vandalic War of 533 -- 4 , in which Justinian I managed to reconquer the province for the Eastern Roman Empire . Renaissance and Early Modern writers characterized the Vandals as barbarians , `` sacking and looting '' Rome . This led to the use of the term `` vandalism '' to describe any senseless destruction , particularly the `` barbarian '' defacing of artwork . However , modern historians tend to regard the Vandals during the transitional period from Late Antiquity to the Early Middle Ages as perpetuators , not destroyers , of Roman culture . ", "Vandal Love is a novel by American-Canadian author D. Y. Béchard . It was first published in 2006 by Doubleday Canada . The novel follows generations of an unusual French-Canadian family across North America , and through the twentieth century , as they struggle to find their place in the world . A family curse -- a genetic trick resulting from centuries of hardship -- causes the Hervé children to be born either giants or runts . Book I of Vandal Love follows the giants ' line , exploring Jude Hervé 's career as a boxer in Georgia and Louisiana in the 1960s , his escape from that brutal life alone with his baby daughter Isa , and her eventual decision to enter into a strange , chaste marriage with a much older man . Book II traces a different kind of life entirely , as the runts of the family discover that their power lies in a kind of unifying love . François searches for years for his missing father ; his own son , Harvey , flees from modern society into spiritual quests . But none of the Hervés can abandon their longing for a place where they might find others like themselves . ", "The Germanic tribes referred to as East Germanic constitute a wave of migrants who may have moved from Scandinavia into the area between the Oder and Vistula rivers between the years 600 and 300 BC . Later they went to the south . Unlike the Northern and Western tribes , they did not successfully preserve their ethnicity and were primarily assimilated into West Germanic tribes and Romans . According to some theories , the east Germanic tribes , related to the North Germanic tribes , had migrated from Scandinavia into the region east of the Elbe River -LRB- Vandals , Burgundians , Goths , Rugians and others -RRB- . ", "The Visigoths -LRB- UK : -LSB- ˈvɪzɪˌɡɒθs -RSB- US : -LSB- ˈvɪzɪˌɡɑːθs -RSB- Visigothi , Wisigothi , Vesi , Visi , Wesi , or Wisi Visigoti -RRB- were the western branches of the nomadic tribes of Germanic peoples referred to collectively as the Goths . These tribes flourished and spread throughout the late Roman Empire in Late Antiquity , or what is known as the Migration Period . The Visigoths emerged from earlier Gothic groups -LRB- possibly the Thervingi -RRB- who had invaded the Roman Empire beginning in 376 and had defeated the Romans at the Battle of Adrianople in 378 . Relations between the Romans and the Visigoths were variable , alternately warring with one another and making treaties when convenient . The Visigoths invaded Italy under Alaric I and sacked Rome in 410 . After the Visigoths sacked Rome , they began settling down , first in southern Gaul and eventually in Spain and Portugal , where they founded the Visigothic Kingdom and maintained a presence from the 5th to the 8th centuries AD . The Visigoths first settled in southern Gaul as foederati of the Romans -- a relationship established in 418 . However , they soon fell out with their Roman hosts -LRB- for reasons that are now obscure -RRB- and established their own kingdom with its capital at Toulouse . They next extended their authority into Hispania at the expense of the Suebi and Vandals . In 507 , however , their rule in Gaul was ended by the Franks under Clovis I , who defeated them in the Battle of Vouillé . After that , the Visigoth kingdom was limited to Hispania , and they never again held territory north of the Pyrenees other than Septimania . A small , elite group of Visigoths came to dominate the governance of that region at the expense of those who had previously ruled there , particularly in the Byzantine province of Spania and the Kingdom of the Suebi . In or around 589 , the Visigoths under Reccared I converted from Arianism to Nicene Christianity , gradually adopting the culture of their Hispano-Roman subjects . Their legal code , the Visigothic Code -LRB- completed in 654 -RRB- abolished the longstanding practice of applying different laws for Romans and Visigoths . Once legal distinctions were no longer being made between Romani and Gothi , they became known collectively as Hispani . In the century that followed , the region was dominated by the Councils of Toledo and the episcopacy . -LRB- Little else is known about the Visigoths ' history during the 7th century , since records are relatively sparse . -RRB- In 711 or 712 , a force of invading African Moors defeated the Visigoths in the Battle of Guadalete . Their king and many members of their governing elite were killed , and their kingdom rapidly collapsed . Gothic identity survived , however , especially in Marca Hispanica and the Kingdom of Asturias , which had been founded by the Visigothic nobleman Pelagius of Asturias after his victory over the Moors at the Battle of Covadonga . During their governance of the Kingdom of Hispania , the Visigoths built several churches that survive . They also left many artifacts , which have been discovered in increasing numbers by archaeologists in recent times . The Treasure of Guarrazar of votive crowns and crosses is the most spectacular . They founded the only new cities in western Europe from the fall of the Western half of the Roman Empire until the rise of the Carolingian dynasty . Many Visigothic names are still in use in modern Spanish and Portuguese . Their most notable legacy , however , was the Visigothic Code , which served , among other things , as the basis for court procedure in most of Christian Iberia until the Late Middle Ages , centuries after the demise of the kingdom . ", "Huneric or Hunneric or Honeric -LRB- died December 23 , 484 -RRB- was King of the -LRB- North African -RRB- Vandal kingdom -LRB- 477 -- 484 -RRB- and the oldest son of Genseric . He dropped the imperial politics of his father and concentrated mainly on internal affairs . He was married to Eudocia , daughter of western Roman Emperor Valentinian III -LRB- 419 -- 455 -RRB- and Licinia Eudoxia . She left him , probably in 472 . She had one son by him , Hilderic . Huneric was the first Vandal king who used the title King of the Vandals and Alans . Despite adopting this style , and that the Vandals maintained their sea-power and their hold on the islands of the western Mediterranean , Huneric did not have the prestige that his father Genseric had enjoyed with other states . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 2, 0 ]

[ "Fear_of_a_Punk_Planet", "Vandals", "Wendy_Bagwell_and_the_Sunliters", "Vandal_Love", "Vandana" ]

[ "Fear of a Punk Planet is the third album by the southern California punk rock band The Vandals , originally released in 1990 by Triple X Records . It was their first album to include the lineup of Dave Quackenbush , Warren Fitzgerald , Joe Escalante and Josh Freese , solidifying the band 's roster after several years of fluctuation . This lineup would remain intact for the rest of the band 's career , and for this reason Fear of a Punk Planet is considered by many fans to be the first proper album by the `` new '' Vandals . The album returned the band to their punk rock sound , after having played mostly in a country style on their previous album Slippery When Ill. . The band would stick to a punk rock formula throughout the rest of their career . The album 's title called to mind the rap album Fear of a Black Planet by Public Enemy , released that same year . It featured guest appearances by Dweezil and Moon Unit Zappa , Scott Thunes and Kelsey Grammer . An independent music video was filmed for the album 's first track , `` Pizza Tran . '' The album was re-released with bonus tracks in 2000 by the band 's own label Kung Fu Records in order to celebrate its tenth anniversary . All Music Guide published a mostly positive review by Victor W. Valdivia , who commented `` Even if the constant juvenile humor grates after a while , the Vandals are still more composed and entertaining than most . '' ", "The Vandals were an East Germanic tribe , or group of tribes , who were first heard of in southern Poland , but later moved around Europe establishing kingdoms in Spain and later North Africa in the 5th century . The Vandals are believed to have migrated from southern Scandinavia to the area between the lower Oder and Vistula rivers during the 2nd century BC and to have settled in Silesia from around 120 BC . They are associated with the Przeworsk culture and were possibly the same people as the Lugii . Expanding into Dacia during the Marcomannic Wars and to Pannonia during the Crisis of the Third Century , the Vandals were confined to Pannonia by the Goths around 330 AD , where they received permission to settle by Constantine the Great . Around 400 , raids by the Huns forced many of the Germanic tribes like the Goths to migrate to the Roman Empire , and fearing that they might be targeted next , the Vandals were pushed westwards crossing the Rhine into Gaul along with other tribes in 406 . In 409 , the Vandals crossed the Pyrenees into the Iberian Peninsula , where their main groups , the Hasdingi and the Silingi , settled in Gallaecia -LRB- northwest -RRB- and Baetica -LRB- south central -RRB- respectively . After the Visigoths invaded Iberia , the Iranian Alans and Silingi Vandals voluntarily subjected to the rule of Hasdingian leader Gunderic , who was pushed from Gallaecia to Baetica by a Roman-Suebi coalition in 419 . In 429 , under king Genseric , the Vandals entered North Africa . By 439 they established a kingdom which included the Roman province of Africa as well as Sicily , Corsica , Sardinia , Malta and the Balearic Islands . They fended off several Roman attempts to recapture the African province , and sacked the city of Rome in 455 . Their kingdom collapsed in the Vandalic War of 533 -- 4 , in which Justinian I managed to reconquer the province for the Eastern Roman Empire . Renaissance and Early Modern writers characterized the Vandals as barbarians , `` sacking and looting '' Rome . This led to the use of the term `` vandalism '' to describe any senseless destruction , particularly the `` barbarian '' defacing of artwork . However , modern historians tend to regard the Vandals during the transitional period from Late Antiquity to the Early Middle Ages as perpetuators , not destroyers , of Roman culture . ", "Wendy Bagwell and the Sunliters was a Southern gospel music and comedy trio that was inducted into the Gospel Music Association 's Gospel Music Hall of Fame in 2001 . The group originally consisted of Wendy Bagwell , Geraldine Terry -LRB- later known professionally as Jerri Morrison -RRB- , and Georgia Jones ; Jones was succeeded by Dot Pressley , Virginia Williams , and , ultimately , by `` Little Jan '' Buckner , who married Bagwell 's adopted nephew Ronnie Buckner . The group was the first Southern gospel group to tour Europe , in 1965 . Their 1970 comedy monologue , `` Here Come the Rattlesnakes '' -LRB- sometimes known as `` The Rattlesnake Song , '' although it contains no singing or music -RRB- , an account of their performance at a small church in Harlan , Kentucky that handled rattlesnakes , was the first certifiable million seller in Southern gospel history . Buckner is the only surviving member of the trio . ", "Vandal Love is a novel by American-Canadian author D. Y. Béchard . It was first published in 2006 by Doubleday Canada . The novel follows generations of an unusual French-Canadian family across North America , and through the twentieth century , as they struggle to find their place in the world . A family curse -- a genetic trick resulting from centuries of hardship -- causes the Hervé children to be born either giants or runts . Book I of Vandal Love follows the giants ' line , exploring Jude Hervé 's career as a boxer in Georgia and Louisiana in the 1960s , his escape from that brutal life alone with his baby daughter Isa , and her eventual decision to enter into a strange , chaste marriage with a much older man . Book II traces a different kind of life entirely , as the runts of the family discover that their power lies in a kind of unifying love . François searches for years for his missing father ; his own son , Harvey , flees from modern society into spiritual quests . But none of the Hervés can abandon their longing for a place where they might find others like themselves . ", "Vandana may refer to : Vandana -LRB- Kannada actress -RRB- , actress in Kannada cinema during the 1960s Vandana Gupte , Marathi actress Vandana Jain , Indian ophthalmologist Vandana Menon -LRB- born 1989 -RRB- , South Indian actress Vandana Shanbagh -LRB- born 1963 -RRB- , Indian athlete Vandana Shiva -LRB- born 1952 -RRB- , Indian environmental activist Vandana Singh , Indian science fiction writer Vandana -LRB- moth -RRB- , a genus of moths of the Noctuidae family " ]

[ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ]

[ "Georgians", "Colchis", "Èrs_people", "Georgian_folk_medicine", "Catholic_Church_in_Georgia" ]

[ "The Georgians or Kartvelians -LRB- -LSB- ქართველები , tr -RSB- -RRB- are a nation and ethnic group who constitute a majority of the population in Georgia . Large Georgian communities are also present throughout Russia , Turkey , Greece , Iran , Ukraine , United States , and to a lesser extent throughout the European Union . Georgians arose from the ancient Colchian and Iberian civilizations . After Christianization of Iberia by Saint Nino they became one of the first who embraced the faith of Jesus in the early 4th century and now the majority of Georgians are Eastern Orthodox Christians and most follow their national autocephalous Georgian Orthodox Church . There are also small Georgian Catholic and Muslim communities in Tbilisi and Adjara , as well as a significant number of irreligious Georgians . A complex process of nation formation has resulted in a diverse set of geographic subgroups of Georgians , each with its characteristic traditions , manners , dialects and , in the case of Svans and Mingrelians , own regional languages . The Georgian language , with its own unique writing system and extensive written tradition , which goes back to the 5th century , is the official language of Georgia as well as the language of education of all Georgians living in the country . Located on the crossroads of predominantly Christian Europe and Muslim Western Asia , Georgian people have maintained their Christian identity in the face of great pressure from neighboring Muslim empires . By the early 11th century they formed a unified Kingdom of Georgia and inaugurated the Georgian Golden Age , a height of political and cultural power of the nation . This lasted until being weakened by Mongol invasions , as well as internal divisions following the death of George V the Brilliant , the last of the great kings of Georgia . Thereafter and throughout the early modern period Georgians became politically fractured and fell into decline due to the onslaught of various hostile empires , including the Ottoman Empire and successive dynasties of Persia . To ensure Georgia 's survival , in 1783 Heraclius II of Georgia forged an alliance with the Russian Empire , which Georgians viewed as a replacement for their fallen traditional ally -- Byzantine Empire . The Russo-Georgian alliance , however , backfired as Russia was unwilling to fulfill the terms of the treaty , proceeding to annex the troubled kingdom in 1801 . Georgians briefly reasserted their independence from Russia under the First Georgian Republic from 1918-1921 , and finally , in 1991 from the Soviet Union . ", "Colchis -LRB- -LSB- ˈkɒlkɪs -RSB- კოლხეთი Kolkheti ; Greek Κολχίς Kolkhis -RRB- was an ancient kingdom and region on the coast of the Black Sea , centered in present-day western Georgia . It has been described in modern scholarship as `` the earliest Georgian formation '' which , along with the Kingdom of Iberia , would later contribute significantly to the development of the medieval Georgian statehood and the Georgian nation . Internationally , Colchis is perhaps best known for its role in Greek mythology , most notably as the destination of the Argonauts , as well as the home to Medea and the Golden fleece . It was also described as a land rich with gold , iron , timber and honey that would export it 's resources mostly to ancient Greece . Colchis was populated by Colchians , an early Kartvelian-speaking tribe , ancestral to the contemporary Western Georgians , namely Svans and Mingrelians , as well as the related Lazs . Its geography is mostly assigned to what is now the western part of Georgia and encompasses the present-day Georgian provinces of Samegrelo , Imereti , Guria , Adjara , Abkhazeti , Svaneti , Racha ; modern Russia 's Sochi and Tuapse districts ; and present-day Turkey 's Rize , Trabzon and Artvin provinces . ", "The Èr people , also known as Èrsh or -LRB- in Georgian works -RRB- the Hers , are a hypothetical ancient people inhabiting northern modern Armenia , and to an extent , small areas of northeast Turkey , southern Georgia , and northwest Azerbaijan . Most of their history is constructed based on archaeological and linguistic -LRB- primarily based on placenames , with some elements -RRB- data , compared to historical trends in the region and historical writings , such as the Georgian Chronicles or the Armenian Chronicles , as well as a couple notes made by Strabo . They were a constituent of the state of Urartu , which either incorporated or conquered them during the 8th century BCE . Their relation to the main Urartians -LRB- who were probably ethnically separate from them , judging from place names -RRB- is unknown . Linguistically , based on placenames , they are thought to have been a Nakh people . ", "Georgian folk medicine -LRB- or Georgian traditional medicine -RRB- originated at the crossroads of the East and West and therefore integrates the principles of both medical traditions . On a scale between tribal level folk medicine and highly institutionalized Chinese and Unani Traditional medicines , Georgian traditional medicine ranks closer to the better institutionalized and formalized end of the scale . Some ancient Georgian folk remedies made it to the modern formulations and are commercially distributed in the form of modern drugs , mostly petrolatum-based ointments . ", "The Catholic Church in Georgia , since the 11th-century East -- West Schism , has been composed mainly of Latin-Rite Catholics ; Catholic communities of the Armenian Rite have existed in the country since the 18th century . A Georgian Byzantine Rite Catholic community , though small , has existed for a number of centuries but does not , however , constitute an autonomous -LRB- `` sui iuris '' -RRB- Church . Canon 27 of the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches defines these Churches as under a hierarchy of their own and recognized as autonomous by the supreme authority of the Church -RSB- . `` No organized Georgian Greek Catholic Church ever existed '' , though , outside of Georgia , `` a small Georgian Byzantine Catholic parish has long existed in Istanbul . Currently it is without a priest . Twin male and female religious orders ` of the Immaculate Conception ' were founded there in 1861 , but have since died out . '' This was never established as a recognized particular church of any level -LRB- exarchate , ordinariate , etc. -RRB- , within the communion of Catholic Churches , and accordingly has never appeared in the list of Eastern Catholic Churches published in the Annuario Pontificio . " ]

[ 2, 2, 2, 2, 2 ]

[ "D-Company", "Dawood_Ibrahim", "Bahr_Idriss_Abu_Garda", "Muaaz_ibn_Amr", "Abd_al-Hamid_Kishk" ]

[ "Dawood Company is a term coined by the media for the organized criminal group controlled by wanted terrorist and crime boss Dawood Ibrahim ", "Dawood Ibrahim -LRB- Marathi : दाऊद इब्राहीम कासकर , born Dawood Ibrahim Kaskar 26 December 1955 -RRB- , known as Dawood Bhai or simply Bhai is a gangster and terrorist originally from Dongri in Mumbai , India . The word `` Bhai '' means `` Big brother '' . In the lingo of the Mumbai underworld , the word `` Bhai '' is attributed to members of the underworld who hold considerable power . He heads the Indian organised crime syndicate D-Company founded in Mumbai . He is currently on the wanted list of Interpol for cheating , criminal conspiracy and running an organised crime syndicate . He was number three on the The World 's 10 Most Wanted . ", "Bahr Idriss Abu Garda -LRB- born 1 January 1963 -RRB- is the leader of the United Resistance Front , a rebel group fighting against the Sudanese government in Darfur . He is a former commander of the Justice and Equality Movement . Abu Garda was summonsed to appear before the International Criminal Court for alleged war crimes relating to a 2007 attack in which twelve African Union peacekeepers were killed . He is the first person ever to appear voluntarily before the ICC , and the first person to appear before the court in connection with the war in Darfur . He denies the allegations against him and says `` I am looking forward to clear my name from this case because I am sure ... that absolutely I am not guilty '' . The hearing to confirm the charges against him was held from 19 -- 29 October 2009 , ending in a decision by the judges not to confirm the charges ", "This person is a sahaba of Muhammad Before the hijra , Muhammad had appointed Masab ibn Umair to carry out Dawah , which he did . Am ' r bin Jamooh a devotee of the deity Manāt and part of the Banu Salmah tribe of Medina had 3 sons , Muawwaz ibn Amr , Muaaz ibn Amr and Khallad ibn Amr submitted to the will of Allah and embraced Islam immediately . On their initiation , even their mother , Hind the wife of Amr , professed the shahadah . But they kept their faith secret lest it hurt their father . Her husband was unaware of her new religion and one day warned her of the `` danger '' posed by Masab to the traditional faith of Medina and asked her to safeguard their sons against it . Hind advised him to listen to what their second son Muaaz had to tell them , Muaaz then recited the surah Fatihah . The recitation made an impact on her husband , but he was reluctant to abandon Manāt . After much prayer , and the repeated theft of the statue by his sons , Amr decided that Manāt was not worthy of worship and also adopted Islam . Abu Jahl was killed in the Battle of Badr by two youth , Muaaz ibn Amr and Muawwaz ibn Amr . ", "Abdal-Hamid Kishk -LRB- March 10 , 1933 -- December 6 , 1996 -RRB- was an Egyptian preacher , scholar of Islam , activist , and author . He was a graduate of the prestigious Al-Azhar University in Cairo and was known for his humour , popular sermons , and for his outspoken stance against music , restrictions on polygamy , and injustice and oppression in the Muslim world . " ]

[ 0, 1, 1, 0, 0 ]

[ "Vedic_Sanskrit", "Hindu_texts", "Vedic_mythology", "Hinduism", "Classical_Newari" ]

[ "Vedic Sanskrit is an Indo-European language , more specifically one branch of the Indo-Iranian group . It is the ancient language of the Vedas of Hinduism , texts compiled over the period of the mid-2nd to mid-1st millennium BCE . It was orally preserved , predating the advent of Brahmi script by several centuries . Vedic Sanskrit is an archaic language , whose consensus translation has been challenging . Extensive ancient literature in the Vedic Sanskrit language has survived into the modern era , and this has been a major source of information about Indo-European parent language . Quite early in the pre-historic era , Sanskrit separated from the Avestan language -LRB- an Eastern Iranian language -RRB- . The exact century of separation is unknown but this separation of Sanskrit and Avestan occurred certainly before 1800 BCE . Avestan language developed in ancient Persia , was the language of Zoroastrianism , but was a dead language in the Sasanian period . Vedic Sanskrit developed independently in ancient India , evolved into classical Sanskrit after the grammar and linguistic treatise of Pāṇini , and later into many related Indian subcontinent languages in which are found the voluminous ancient and medieval literature of Buddhism , Hinduism and Jainism . ", "Hindu texts are manuscripts and historic literature related to any of the diverse traditions within Hinduism . A few texts are shared resources across these traditions and broadly considered as Hindu scriptures . These include the Vedas and the Upanishads . Scholars hesitate in defining the term `` Hindu scripture '' given the diverse nature of Hinduism , many include Bhagavad Gita and Agamas as Hindu scriptures , while Dominic Goodall includes Bhagavata Purana and Yajnavalkya Smriti to the list of Hindu scriptures . There are two historic classifications of Hindu texts : Shruti -- that which is heard , and Smriti -- that which is remembered . The Śruti refers to the body of most authoritative , ancient religious texts , without any author , comprising the central canon of Hinduism . It includes the four Vedas including its four types of embedded texts - the Samhitas , the Brahmanas , the Aranyakas and the early Upanishads . Of the Shrutis -LRB- Vedic corpus -RRB- , the Upanishads alone are widely influential among Hindus , considered scriptures par excellence of Hinduism , and their central ideas have continued to influence its thoughts and traditions . The Smriti texts are a specific body of Hindu texts attributed to an author , as a derivative work they are considered less authoritative than Sruti in Hinduism . The Smrti literature is a vast corpus of diverse texts , and includes but is not limited to Vedāngas , the Hindu epics , the Sutras and Shastras , the texts of Hindu philosophies , the Puranas , the Kāvya or poetical literature , the Bhasyas , and numerous Nibandhas -LRB- digests -RRB- covering politics , ethics , culture , arts and society . Many ancient and medieval Hindu texts were composed in Sanskrit , many others in regional Indian languages . In modern times , most ancient texts have been translated into other Indian languages and some in Western languages . Prior to the start of the common era , the Hindu texts were composed orally , then memorized and transmitted orally , from one generation to next , for more than a millennia before they were written down into manuscripts . This verbal tradition of preserving and transmitting Hindu texts , from one generation to next , continued into the modern era . ", "Vedic mythology refers to the mythological aspects of the historical Vedic religion and Vedic literature , alluded to in the hymns of the Rigveda . The central myth at the base of Vedic ritual surrounds Indra who , inebriated with Soma , slays the dragon -LRB- ahi -RRB- Vrtra , freeing the rivers , the cows and Dawn . Vedic lore contains numerous elements which are common to Indo-European mythological traditions , like the mythologies of Persia , Greece , and Rome , and that of the Celtic , Germanic , Baltic and Slavic peoples . The Vedic god Indra in part corresponds to Dyaus Pitar , the Sky Father , Zeus and Jupiter or Perun . The deity Yama , the lord of the dead , is Yima of Persian mythology . Vedic hymns refer to these and other deities , often 33 , consisting of 8 Vasus , 11 Rudras , 12 Adityas , and the late Rigvedic Prajapati . These deities belong to the 3 dimensions of the universe/heavens , the earth , and the intermediate space . Some major deities of the Vedic tradition include Indra , Surya , Agni , Vayu , Varuna , Mitra , Aditi , Yama , Soma , Sarasvati , Prithvi , and Rudra . ", "Hinduism is a religion , or a way of life , found most notably in India and Nepal . Hinduism has been called the oldest religion in the world , and some practitioners and scholars refer to it as , `` the eternal law , '' or the `` eternal way , '' beyond human origins . Scholars regard Hinduism as a fusion or synthesis of various Indian cultures and traditions , with diverse roots and no founder . This `` Hindu synthesis '' started to develop between 500 BCE and 300 CE following the Vedic period -LRB- 1500 BCE to 500 BCE -RRB- . Although Hinduism contains a broad range of philosophies , it is linked by shared concepts , recognisable rituals , cosmology , shared textual resources , and pilgrimage to sacred sites . Hindu texts are classified into Shruti -LRB- `` heard '' -RRB- and Smriti -LRB- `` remembered '' -RRB- . These texts discuss theology , philosophy , mythology , Vedic yajna , Yoga , agamic rituals , and temple building , among other topics . Major scriptures include the Vedas and Upanishads , the Bhagavad Gita , and the Agamas . Sources of authority and eternal truths in its texts play an important role , but there is also a strong Hindu tradition of the questioning of this authority , to deepen the understanding of these truths and to further develop the tradition . Prominent themes in Hindu beliefs include the four Puruṣārthas , the proper goals or aims of human life , namely Dharma -LRB- ethics/duties -RRB- , Artha -LRB- prosperity/work -RRB- , Kama -LRB- desires/passions -RRB- and Moksha -LRB- liberation/freedom/salvation -RRB- ; karma -LRB- action , intent and consequences -RRB- , samsara -LRB- cycle of rebirth -RRB- , and the various Yogas -LRB- paths or practices to attain moksha -RRB- . Hindu practices include rituals such as puja -LRB- worship -RRB- and recitations , meditation , family-oriented rites of passage , annual festivals , and occasional pilgrimages . Some Hindus leave their social world and material possessions , then engage in lifelong Sannyasa -LRB- monastic practices -RRB- to achieve Moksha . Hinduism prescribes the eternal duties , such as honesty , refraining from injuring living beings -LRB- ahimsa -RRB- , patience , forbearance , self-restraint , and compassion , among others . Hinduism is the world 's third largest religion , with over one billion followers or 15 % of the global population , known as Hindus . The majority of Hindus reside in India , Nepal , Mauritius , the Caribbean , and Bali in Indonesia . ", "Classical Newari -LRB- Modern : पुलां भाय् , Classical : पुलाङु नेपाल भाय् -RRB- , also known as Old Newari or Classical Nepal Bhasa , is the pre-1850 literary form of Nepal Bhasa . It is an important source language for historians and philologists . The classical Newari language has also been considered a hybrid in which an extensive Sanskrit element was grafted on to the Tibeto-Burman substratum " ]

[ 0, 1, 0, 1, 2 ]

[ "Temple_Grandin_-LRB-film-RRB-", "Mick_Jackson_-LRB-director-RRB-", "Temple_Hill_Entertainment", "Donald_Gallaher", "Dumb_and_Dumber" ]

[ "Temple Grandin is a 2010 biopic directed by Mick Jackson and starring Claire Danes as Temple Grandin , an autistic woman who revolutionized practices for the humane handling of livestock on cattle ranches and slaughterhouses . ", "Mick Jackson -LRB- born 4 October 1943 in Grays , England , United Kingdom -RRB- is a British film director and television producer . Between 1973 and 1987 , Jackson directed many documentary and drama productions for BBC TV and Channel 4 . Relocating to Hollywood , he directed feature films , including The Bodyguard starring Kevin Costner and Whitney Houston . In 2010 , Jackson won an Emmy for Outstanding Directing for a Miniseries , Movie or a Dramatic Special for the dramatised biographical TV film Temple Grandin . ", "Temple Hill Entertainment or Temple Hill Productions is an American-based film and television production company , established in February 2006 by producers Wyck Godfrey and Marty Bowen . The first film company produced was The Nativity Story in 2006 by director Catherine Hardwicke . The studio produced the Twilight film series . ", "Donald Gallaher -LRB- June 25 , 1895 -- August 14 , 1961 -RRB- was an American actor who appeared in 25 films between 1903 and 1949 . He also directed five films , including Temple Tower -LRB- 1930 -RRB- . Gallaher was born in Quincy , Illinois . After moving to New York City as a child with his mother , he began acting in productions such as A Royal Family . His name is sometimes misspelled `` Gallagher '' . Gallaher appeared in the silent film The Great Train Robbery -LRB- 1903 -RRB- , and a bit part in the 23-chapter serial The Million Dollar Mystery -LRB- 1914 -RRB- . He co-starred with Louis Wolheim and Una Merkel in the two-reeler Love 's Old Sweet Song -LRB- 1923 -RRB- filmed in Lee De Forest 's Phonofilm sound-on-film process . Later in life , he produced Broadway plays and directed films , including Temple Tower -LRB- 1930 -RRB- , June First -LRB- 1931 -RRB- , and The Hot Spot -LRB- 1931 -RRB- . In 1949 , using the name Don Gallagher , he served as narrator of the ABC Television Players , a short-lived dramatic anthology series broadcast from Chicago . ", "Dumb and Dumber is a 1994 American comedy road film starring Jim Carrey and Jeff Daniels . It was written by the Farrelly brothers and Bennett Yellin , and is the Farrelly brothers ' directorial debut . The film tells the story of Lloyd Christmas and Harry Dunne , two unintelligent but well-meaning friends from Providence , Rhode Island who set out on a cross-country trip to Aspen , Colorado to return a briefcase full of money to its owner , only to be pursued by a group of criminals who are after the briefcase . The film was released on December 16 , 1994 . It grossed $ 247 million at the box office and has developed a cult following in the years since its release . The success of Dumb and Dumber launched the career of the Farrelly brothers and solidified Carrey 's . The film also spawned an animated TV series , a 2003 prequel , and a 2014 sequel . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "San_Francisco_Bay_Area", "San_Francisco", "Oakland,_California", "Airport_Line", "San_Jose,_California" ]

[ "The San Francisco Bay Area -LRB- referred to locally as the Bay Area -RRB- is a populous region surrounding the San Francisco and San Pablo estuaries in Northern California . The region encompasses the major cities and metropolitan areas of San Jose , San Francisco , and Oakland , along with smaller urban and rural areas . The Bay Area 's nine counties are Alameda , Contra Costa , Marin , Napa , San Francisco , San Mateo , Santa Clara , Solano , and Sonoma . Home to approximately 7.68 million people , the nine-county Bay Area contains many cities , towns , airports , and associated regional , state , and national parks , connected by a network of roads , highways , railroads , bridges , tunnels and commuter rail . The combined statistical area of the region is the second-largest in California -LRB- after the Greater Los Angeles area -RRB- , the fifth-largest in the United States , and the 43rd-largest urban area in the world . The Bay Area has the second-most Fortune 500 Companies in the United States , and is known for its natural beauty , liberal politics , entrepreneurship , and diversity . The area ranks second in highest density of college graduates , and performs above the state median household income in the 2010 census ; it includes the five highest California counties by per capita income and two of the top 25 wealthiest counties in the United States . Based on a 2013 population report from the California Department of Finance , the Bay Area is the only region in California where the rate of people migrating in from other areas in the United States is greater than the rate of those leaving the region , led by Alameda and Contra Costa counties . ", "San Francisco -LRB- initials SF -RRB- -LRB- -LSB- sæn_frənˈsɪskoʊ -RSB- , Spanish for Saint Francis ; Spanish : -LSB- san franˈsisko -RSB- -RRB- , officially the City and County of San Francisco , is the cultural , commercial , and financial center of Northern California . Located at the north end of the San Francisco Peninsula , San Francisco is about 47.9 sqmi in area , making it the smallest county -- and the only consolidated city-county -- within the state of California . With a density of about 18,581 people per square mile -LRB- 7,174 people per km2 -RRB- , San Francisco is the most densely settled large city -LRB- population greater than 200,000 -RRB- in California and the second-most densely populated major city in the United States after New York City . San Francisco is the fourth-most populous city in California , after Los Angeles , San Diego , and San Jose , and the 13th-most populous city in the United States -- with a census-estimated 2016 population of 870,887 . The city and its surrounding areas are known as the San Francisco Bay Area , and are a part of the larger OMB-designated San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland combined statistical area , the fifth most populous in the nation with an estimated population of 8.7 million . San Francisco was founded on June 29 , 1776 , when colonists from Spain established Presidio of San Francisco at the Golden Gate and Mission San Francisco de Asís a few miles away , all named for St. Francis of Assisi . The California Gold Rush of 1849 brought rapid growth , making it the largest city on the West Coast at the time . San Francisco became a consolidated city-county in 1856 . After three-quarters of the city was destroyed by the 1906 earthquake and fire , San Francisco was quickly rebuilt , hosting the Panama-Pacific International Exposition nine years later . In World War II , San Francisco was a major port of embarkation for service members shipping out to the Pacific Theater . It then became the birthplace of the United Nations in 1945 . After the war , the confluence of returning servicemen , massive immigration , liberalizing attitudes , along with the rise of the `` hippie '' counterculture , the Sexual Revolution , the Peace Movement growing from opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War , and other factors led to the Summer of Love and the gay rights movement , cementing San Francisco as a center of liberal activism in the United States . Politically , the city votes strongly along liberal Democratic Party lines . A popular tourist destination , San Francisco is known for its cool summers , fog , steep rolling hills , eclectic mix of architecture , and landmarks , including the Golden Gate Bridge , cable cars , the former Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary , Fisherman 's Wharf , and its Chinatown district . San Francisco is also the headquarters of five major banking institutions and various other companies such as Levi Strauss & Co. , Gap Inc. , Salesforce.com , Dropbox , Reddit , Square , Inc. , Dolby , Airbnb , Weebly , Pacific Gas and Electric Company , Yelp , Pinterest , Twitter , Uber , Lyft , Mozilla , Wikimedia Foundation , Craigslist and Weather Underground . It has several nicknames , including `` The City by the Bay '' , `` Fog City '' , `` San Fran '' , and `` Frisco '' , as well as older ones like `` The City that Knows How '' , `` Baghdad by the Bay '' , `` The Paris of the West '' , or simply `` The City '' . , San Francisco is ranked high on world liveability rankings . ", "Oakland -LSB- ˈoʊklənd -RSB- is the largest city and the county seat of Alameda County , California , United States . A major West Coast port city , Oakland is the largest city in the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area , the third largest city overall in the San Francisco Bay Area , the eighth largest city in California , and the 45th largest city in the United States , with a population of 419,267 . It serves as a trade center for the San Francisco Bay Area ; its Port of Oakland is the busiest port in the San Francisco Bay , the entirety of Northern California , and the fifth busiest in the United States . The city was incorporated in 1852 . Oakland 's territory covers what was once a mosaic of California coastal terrace prairie , oak woodland , and north coastal scrub . Its land served as a rich resource when its hillside oak and redwood timber were logged to build San Francisco , and Oakland 's fertile flatland soils helped it become a prolific agricultural region . In the late 1860s , Oakland was selected as the western terminal of the Transcontinental Railroad . Following the 1906 San Francisco earthquake , many San Francisco citizens moved to Oakland , enlarging the city 's population , increasing its housing stock and improving its infrastructure . It continued to grow in the 20th century with its busy port , shipyards , and a thriving automobile manufacturing industry . Oakland is known for its sustainability practices , including a top-ranking for usage of electricity from renewable resources . Oakland is also known for its history of political activism , as well as its professional sports franchises -LRB- such as the Oakland Raiders , Oakland Athletics and the Golden State Warriors -RRB- and major corporations , which include health care , dot-com companies , and manufacturers of household products . In addition , due to a steady influx of immigrants during the 20th century , along with thousands of African-American war-industry workers who relocated from the Deep South during the 1940s , Oakland is the most ethnically diverse major city in the country . ", "An Airport Line is an Airport rail link providing rail transport from the airport to other parts of the city , often the central railway station . Airport lines known as the Airport Line of their city include : Airport Express -LRB- MTR -RRB- in Hong Kong Airport , Inner West & South Line , Sydney , Australia Airport Line , Beijing Subway in Beijing Airport Line -LRB- Manchester Metrolink -RRB- , Manchester , UK Airport Line -LRB- SEPTA -RRB- in Philadelphia , USA Airport railway line , Brisbane , in Brisbane , Australia AirTrain Newark in Newark , New Jersey , USA AirTrain -LRB- SFO -RRB- in San Francisco , California , USA AirTrain JFK in New York City , USA Flytoget , also known as the Airport Express Train , in Oslo , Norway Glasgow Airport Rail Link , in Glasgow , UK Green Line -LRB- TRAX -RRB- , in Salt Lake City , Utah , USA MAX Red Line in Portland , Oregon , USA Various Kūkō Lines in Japan Suvarnabhumi Airport Link in Bangkok Other airport lines are listed in Airport rail link . ", "San Jose -LRB- -LSB- ˌsæn_hoʊˈzeɪ -RSB- , Spanish for `` Saint Joseph '' ; -LSB- saŋ xoˈse -RSB- -RRB- , officially the City of San José , is the economic , cultural , and political center of Silicon Valley and the largest city in Northern California . With an estimated 2015 population of 1,026,908 , it is the third most populous city in California -LRB- after Los Angeles and San Diego -RRB- and the tenth most populous in United States . Located in the center of the Santa Clara Valley , on the southern shore of San Francisco Bay , San Jose covers an area of 179.97 square miles -LRB- 466.109 km2 -RRB- . San Jose is the county seat of Santa Clara County , the most affluent county in California and one of the most affluent counties in the United States . San Jose is the largest city in both the San Francisco Bay Area and the San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland Combined Statistical Area , which contain 7.7 million and 8.7 million people respectively . Before the arrival of the Spanish , the area around San Jose was inhabited by the Ohlone people . San Jose was founded on November 29 , 1777 , as the Pueblo of San José de Guadalupe , the first civilian town founded in Spanish Alta California . When California gained statehood in 1850 , San Jose became the state 's first capital . Following World War II , San Jose experienced an economic boom , with a rapid population growth and aggressive annexation of nearby cities and communities carried out in the 1950s and 60s . The rapid growth of the high-technology and electronics industries further accelerated the transition from an agricultural center to an urbanized metropolitan area . Results of the 1990 U.S. Census indicated that San Jose had officially surpassed San Francisco as the most populous city in Northern California . By the 1990s , San Jose and the rest of Silicon Valley had become the global center for the high tech and internet industries . San Jose is considered to be a global city , notable for its affluence and high cost of living . San Jose 's location within the booming high tech industry , as a cultural , political , and economic center has earned the city the nickname `` Capital of Silicon Valley '' . San Jose is one of the wealthiest major cities in the United States and the world , and has the third highest GDP per capita in the world -LRB- after Zurich , Switzerland and Oslo , Norway -RRB- , according to the Brookings Institution . With a median home price of $ 1,085,000 , San Jose has the most expensive housing market in the country and the fifth most expensive housing market in the world , according to the 2017 Demographia International Housing Affordability Survey . Major global tech companies including Cisco Systems , eBay , Adobe Systems , PayPal , Brocade , Samsung , Acer , and Western Digital maintain their headquarters in San Jose , in the center of Silicon Valley . " ]

[ 2, 2, 0, 2, 2 ]

[ "Globalism", "Manifesto_for_a_Global_Economic_Ethic", "Canada's_World", "Europe_whole_and_free", "Group_of_Two" ]

[ "Globalism a group of ideologies that advocate the concept of globalization . It tends to advocate for such policies as increases in immigration , free trade , lowering tariffs , interventionism and global governance . It is typically viewed as opposite of nationalism , and has become increasingly divisive in politics in many developed countries , such as the United States . ", "In the declaration Manifesto for a Global Economic Ethic fundamental principles and values of a global economy are set forth , according to the Declaration toward a Global Ethic issued by the Parliament of World Religions -LRB- Chicago 1993 -RRB- . In 2009 the Manifesto for a Global Economic Ethic was presented at a joint event with the UN Global Compact at the UN headquarters in New York . First signatories include renowned international leaders such as Mary Robinson , former president of Ireland , and Archbishop emeritus Desmond Tutu , Nobel Peace Prize Laureate . ", "Canada 's World is a collaborative discussion between Canadian citizens , universities and organizations on Canada 's role in the world started in 2007 . Topics include economic development , diversity , and promotion of human rights . Participating citizens have expressed a sense of disconnect with the government . ", "Europe Whole and Free is an idea in international relations that describes a Europe governed universally by concepts of liberal democracy espoused by the United States and the European Union . ", "The Group of Two -LRB- G-2 or G2 -RRB- is a proposed informal special relationship between the United States of America and the People 's Republic of China . Originally initiated in 2005 by C. Fred Bergsten as primarily an economic relationship , it began to gain wider currency and scope from foreign policy experts as a term recognizing the centrality of the Sino-American relations near the beginning of the Obama Administration . Prominent advocates include former National Security Advisor Zbigniew Brzezinski , historian Niall Ferguson , former World Bank President Robert Zoellick and former chief economist Justin Yifu Lin . As the two of the most influential and powerful countries in the world , there have been increasingly strong suggestions within American political circles of creating a G-2 relationship where the United States and China would work out solutions to global problems together . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 2 ]

[ "KGB", "Soviet_Army", "Soviet_Union", "People's_Commissariat_for_Communications_of_the_USSR", "List_of_authoritarian_regimes_supported_by_the_Soviet_Union_or_Russia" ]

[ "The KGB , an initialism for Komitet gosudarstvennoy bezopasnosti -LRB- -LSB- Комите́т госуда́рственной безопа́сности , a = ru-KGB . ogg , p = kəmʲɪˈtʲet ɡəsʊˈdarstvʲɪnːəj bʲɪzɐˈpasnəsʲtʲɪ -RSB- , translated in English as Committee for State Security -RRB- , was the main security agency for the Soviet Union from 1954 until its break-up in 1991 . Formed in 1954 , as a direct successor of such preceding agencies as the Cheka , NKGB , and MGB , the committee was attached to the Council of Ministers . It was the chief government agency of `` union-republican jurisdiction '' , acting as internal security , intelligence , and secret police . Similar agencies were constituted in each of the republics of the Soviet Union aside from Russia and consisted of many ministries , state committees , and state commissions . The KGB was a military service and was governed by army laws and regulations , similar to the Soviet Army or MVD Internal Troops . While most of the KGB archives remain classified , two online documentary sources are available . Its main functions were foreign intelligence , counterintelligence , operative-investigatory activities , guarding the State Border of the USSR , guarding the leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party and the Soviet Government , organization and ensuring of government communications as well as combating nationalism , dissent , and anti-Soviet activities . After the dissolution of the USSR , the KGB was split into the Federal Security Service and the Foreign Intelligence Service of the Russian Federation . After breaking away from the Republic of Georgia in the early 1990s with Russian help , the self-proclaimed Republic of South Ossetia established its own KGB -LRB- keeping this unreformed name -RRB- . ", "The Soviet Army -LRB- -LSB- Советская Армия , Sovetskaya Armiya -RSB- -RRB- is the name given to the main land-based branch of the Soviet Armed Forces between February 1946 and December 1991 , when it was replaced with the Russian Ground Forces , although it was not taken fully out of service until 25 December 1993 . Until 25 February 1946 , it was known as the Red Army , established by decree on 15 -LRB- 28 -RRB- January 1918 `` to protect the population , territorial integrity and civil liberties in the territory of the Soviet state . '' It had 2.4 million men under its service during the Cold War . ", "The Soviet Union -LRB- -LSB- Сове́тский Сою́з , r = Sovetskiy Soyuz -RSB- -LSB- sɐ ` vʲetskʲɪj sɐˈjʉs -RSB- -RRB- , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics -LRB- USSR ; Сою́з Сове́тских Социалисти́ческих Респу́блик , -LSB- sɐˈjus sɐˈvʲɛtskʲɪx sətsɨəlʲɪsˈtʲitɕɪskʲɪx rʲɪˈspublʲɪk -RSB- -RRB- , also known unofficially as Russia -LRB- -LSB- Росси́я , Rossiya , rɐˈsʲijə -RSB- -RRB- , was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991 . Nominally a union of multiple equal national Soviet republics , its government and economy were highly centralized in a state that was unitary in most respects . The country was a one-party federation , governed by the Communist Party with Moscow as its capital . The Soviet Union had its roots in the October Revolution of 1917 , when the Bolsheviks , led by Vladimir Lenin , overthrew the Russian Provisional Government which had replaced Tsar Nicholas II . In 1922 , the Soviet Union was formed with the unification of the Russian , Transcaucasian , Ukrainian , and Byelorussian republics . Following Lenin 's death in 1924 and a brief power struggle , Joseph Stalin came to power in the mid-1920s . Stalin committed the state 's ideology to Marxism -- Leninism -LRB- which he created -RRB- , and initiated a centrally planned economy . As a result , the country underwent a period of rapid industrialization and collectivization . Political paranoia was also fomented around Stalin , and the Great Purge was carried out to remove his opponents from the Communist Party through arbitrary arrests and persecutions of many people . Shortly before World War II , Stalin signed the Molotov -- Ribbentrop Pact agreeing to non-aggression with Nazi Germany , after which the two countries invaded Poland in September 1939 . In June 1941 , Germany invaded the Soviet Union , opening the largest and bloodiest theater of war in history . Soviet war casualties accounted for the highest proportion of the conflict in the effort of acquiring the upper hand over Axis forces at intense battles such as Stalingrad . The territories overtaken by the Red Army became satellite states of the USSR . The Cold War emerged by 1947 as the Eastern Bloc which united under the Warsaw Pact in 1955 confronted the Western states which united under NATO in 1949 . Following Stalin 's death in 1953 , a period of political and economic liberalization , known as `` de-Stalinization '' and `` Khrushchev 's Thaw '' , occurred under the leadership of Nikita Khrushchev . The Soviet Union took an early lead in the Space Race , with the first artificial satellite and the first human spaceflight . In the 1970s , there was a brief détente of relations with the United States , but tensions resumed with the Soviet -- Afghan War in 1979 . In the mid-1980s , the last Soviet leader , Mikhail Gorbachev , sought to reform and liberalize the economy through his policies of glasnost and perestroika . The Cold War ended during his tenure , and in 1989 , Soviet satellite states in Eastern Europe overthrew their respective communist governments . This led to the rise of strong nationalist and separatist movements inside the USSR as well . The government initiated a referendum , boycotted by some Soviet republics , which resulted in the majority of participating citizens voting in favor of preserving the union as a renewed federation . In August 1991 , an abortive coup d'état was attempted by Communist Party hardliners . The Russian President Boris Yeltsin played a high-profile role in facing down the coup . On 25 December 1991 , Gorbachev resigned and the remaining twelve constituent republics emerged from the dissolution of the Soviet Union as independent post-Soviet states . The Russian Federation -- formerly the Russian SFSR -- assumed the Soviet Union 's rights and obligations and is recognized as the primary legal successor of the Soviet Union . ", "The People 's Commissariat for Communications of the USSR was the central state agency of the Soviet Union for communications in the period 1932 to 1946 . The Commissariat administered the postal , telegraph and telephone services . ", "From the end of the Second World War in 1945 to the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991 , the government of the Soviet Union often provided , financial assistance , education , arms , military training and technical support to numerous authoritarian regimes and political groups across the world . Since 1991 , the Soviet Union 's successor state , the Russian Federation continues to provide similar support to a number of such regimes . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "KGB", "Soviet_Army", "Soviet_Union", "People's_Commissariat_for_Communications_of_the_USSR", "List_of_authoritarian_regimes_supported_by_the_Soviet_Union_or_Russia" ]

[ "The KGB , an initialism for Komitet gosudarstvennoy bezopasnosti -LRB- -LSB- Комите́т госуда́рственной безопа́сности , a = ru-KGB . ogg , p = kəmʲɪˈtʲet ɡəsʊˈdarstvʲɪnːəj bʲɪzɐˈpasnəsʲtʲɪ -RSB- , translated in English as Committee for State Security -RRB- , was the main security agency for the Soviet Union from 1954 until its break-up in 1991 . Formed in 1954 , as a direct successor of such preceding agencies as the Cheka , NKGB , and MGB , the committee was attached to the Council of Ministers . It was the chief government agency of `` union-republican jurisdiction '' , acting as internal security , intelligence , and secret police . Similar agencies were constituted in each of the republics of the Soviet Union aside from Russia and consisted of many ministries , state committees , and state commissions . The KGB was a military service and was governed by army laws and regulations , similar to the Soviet Army or MVD Internal Troops . While most of the KGB archives remain classified , two online documentary sources are available . Its main functions were foreign intelligence , counterintelligence , operative-investigatory activities , guarding the State Border of the USSR , guarding the leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party and the Soviet Government , organization and ensuring of government communications as well as combating nationalism , dissent , and anti-Soviet activities . After the dissolution of the USSR , the KGB was split into the Federal Security Service and the Foreign Intelligence Service of the Russian Federation . After breaking away from the Republic of Georgia in the early 1990s with Russian help , the self-proclaimed Republic of South Ossetia established its own KGB -LRB- keeping this unreformed name -RRB- . ", "The Soviet Army -LRB- -LSB- Советская Армия , Sovetskaya Armiya -RSB- -RRB- is the name given to the main land-based branch of the Soviet Armed Forces between February 1946 and December 1991 , when it was replaced with the Russian Ground Forces , although it was not taken fully out of service until 25 December 1993 . Until 25 February 1946 , it was known as the Red Army , established by decree on 15 -LRB- 28 -RRB- January 1918 `` to protect the population , territorial integrity and civil liberties in the territory of the Soviet state . '' It had 2.4 million men under its service during the Cold War . ", "The Soviet Union -LRB- -LSB- Сове́тский Сою́з , r = Sovetskiy Soyuz -RSB- -LSB- sɐ ` vʲetskʲɪj sɐˈjʉs -RSB- -RRB- , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics -LRB- USSR ; Сою́з Сове́тских Социалисти́ческих Респу́блик , -LSB- sɐˈjus sɐˈvʲɛtskʲɪx sətsɨəlʲɪsˈtʲitɕɪskʲɪx rʲɪˈspublʲɪk -RSB- -RRB- , also known unofficially as Russia -LRB- -LSB- Росси́я , Rossiya , rɐˈsʲijə -RSB- -RRB- , was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991 . Nominally a union of multiple equal national Soviet republics , its government and economy were highly centralized in a state that was unitary in most respects . The country was a one-party federation , governed by the Communist Party with Moscow as its capital . The Soviet Union had its roots in the October Revolution of 1917 , when the Bolsheviks , led by Vladimir Lenin , overthrew the Russian Provisional Government which had replaced Tsar Nicholas II . In 1922 , the Soviet Union was formed with the unification of the Russian , Transcaucasian , Ukrainian , and Byelorussian republics . Following Lenin 's death in 1924 and a brief power struggle , Joseph Stalin came to power in the mid-1920s . Stalin committed the state 's ideology to Marxism -- Leninism -LRB- which he created -RRB- , and initiated a centrally planned economy . As a result , the country underwent a period of rapid industrialization and collectivization . Political paranoia was also fomented around Stalin , and the Great Purge was carried out to remove his opponents from the Communist Party through arbitrary arrests and persecutions of many people . Shortly before World War II , Stalin signed the Molotov -- Ribbentrop Pact agreeing to non-aggression with Nazi Germany , after which the two countries invaded Poland in September 1939 . In June 1941 , Germany invaded the Soviet Union , opening the largest and bloodiest theater of war in history . Soviet war casualties accounted for the highest proportion of the conflict in the effort of acquiring the upper hand over Axis forces at intense battles such as Stalingrad . The territories overtaken by the Red Army became satellite states of the USSR . The Cold War emerged by 1947 as the Eastern Bloc which united under the Warsaw Pact in 1955 confronted the Western states which united under NATO in 1949 . Following Stalin 's death in 1953 , a period of political and economic liberalization , known as `` de-Stalinization '' and `` Khrushchev 's Thaw '' , occurred under the leadership of Nikita Khrushchev . The Soviet Union took an early lead in the Space Race , with the first artificial satellite and the first human spaceflight . In the 1970s , there was a brief détente of relations with the United States , but tensions resumed with the Soviet -- Afghan War in 1979 . In the mid-1980s , the last Soviet leader , Mikhail Gorbachev , sought to reform and liberalize the economy through his policies of glasnost and perestroika . The Cold War ended during his tenure , and in 1989 , Soviet satellite states in Eastern Europe overthrew their respective communist governments . This led to the rise of strong nationalist and separatist movements inside the USSR as well . The government initiated a referendum , boycotted by some Soviet republics , which resulted in the majority of participating citizens voting in favor of preserving the union as a renewed federation . In August 1991 , an abortive coup d'état was attempted by Communist Party hardliners . The Russian President Boris Yeltsin played a high-profile role in facing down the coup . On 25 December 1991 , Gorbachev resigned and the remaining twelve constituent republics emerged from the dissolution of the Soviet Union as independent post-Soviet states . The Russian Federation -- formerly the Russian SFSR -- assumed the Soviet Union 's rights and obligations and is recognized as the primary legal successor of the Soviet Union . ", "The People 's Commissariat for Communications of the USSR was the central state agency of the Soviet Union for communications in the period 1932 to 1946 . The Commissariat administered the postal , telegraph and telephone services . ", "From the end of the Second World War in 1945 to the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991 , the government of the Soviet Union often provided , financial assistance , education , arms , military training and technical support to numerous authoritarian regimes and political groups across the world . Since 1991 , the Soviet Union 's successor state , the Russian Federation continues to provide similar support to a number of such regimes . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "KGB", "Soviet_Army", "Soviet_Union", "People's_Commissariat_for_Communications_of_the_USSR", "List_of_authoritarian_regimes_supported_by_the_Soviet_Union_or_Russia" ]

[ "The KGB , an initialism for Komitet gosudarstvennoy bezopasnosti -LRB- -LSB- Комите́т госуда́рственной безопа́сности , a = ru-KGB . ogg , p = kəmʲɪˈtʲet ɡəsʊˈdarstvʲɪnːəj bʲɪzɐˈpasnəsʲtʲɪ -RSB- , translated in English as Committee for State Security -RRB- , was the main security agency for the Soviet Union from 1954 until its break-up in 1991 . Formed in 1954 , as a direct successor of such preceding agencies as the Cheka , NKGB , and MGB , the committee was attached to the Council of Ministers . It was the chief government agency of `` union-republican jurisdiction '' , acting as internal security , intelligence , and secret police . Similar agencies were constituted in each of the republics of the Soviet Union aside from Russia and consisted of many ministries , state committees , and state commissions . The KGB was a military service and was governed by army laws and regulations , similar to the Soviet Army or MVD Internal Troops . While most of the KGB archives remain classified , two online documentary sources are available . Its main functions were foreign intelligence , counterintelligence , operative-investigatory activities , guarding the State Border of the USSR , guarding the leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party and the Soviet Government , organization and ensuring of government communications as well as combating nationalism , dissent , and anti-Soviet activities . After the dissolution of the USSR , the KGB was split into the Federal Security Service and the Foreign Intelligence Service of the Russian Federation . After breaking away from the Republic of Georgia in the early 1990s with Russian help , the self-proclaimed Republic of South Ossetia established its own KGB -LRB- keeping this unreformed name -RRB- . ", "The Soviet Army -LRB- -LSB- Советская Армия , Sovetskaya Armiya -RSB- -RRB- is the name given to the main land-based branch of the Soviet Armed Forces between February 1946 and December 1991 , when it was replaced with the Russian Ground Forces , although it was not taken fully out of service until 25 December 1993 . Until 25 February 1946 , it was known as the Red Army , established by decree on 15 -LRB- 28 -RRB- January 1918 `` to protect the population , territorial integrity and civil liberties in the territory of the Soviet state . '' It had 2.4 million men under its service during the Cold War . ", "The Soviet Union -LRB- -LSB- Сове́тский Сою́з , r = Sovetskiy Soyuz -RSB- -LSB- sɐ ` vʲetskʲɪj sɐˈjʉs -RSB- -RRB- , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics -LRB- USSR ; Сою́з Сове́тских Социалисти́ческих Респу́блик , -LSB- sɐˈjus sɐˈvʲɛtskʲɪx sətsɨəlʲɪsˈtʲitɕɪskʲɪx rʲɪˈspublʲɪk -RSB- -RRB- , also known unofficially as Russia -LRB- -LSB- Росси́я , Rossiya , rɐˈsʲijə -RSB- -RRB- , was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991 . Nominally a union of multiple equal national Soviet republics , its government and economy were highly centralized in a state that was unitary in most respects . The country was a one-party federation , governed by the Communist Party with Moscow as its capital . The Soviet Union had its roots in the October Revolution of 1917 , when the Bolsheviks , led by Vladimir Lenin , overthrew the Russian Provisional Government which had replaced Tsar Nicholas II . In 1922 , the Soviet Union was formed with the unification of the Russian , Transcaucasian , Ukrainian , and Byelorussian republics . Following Lenin 's death in 1924 and a brief power struggle , Joseph Stalin came to power in the mid-1920s . Stalin committed the state 's ideology to Marxism -- Leninism -LRB- which he created -RRB- , and initiated a centrally planned economy . As a result , the country underwent a period of rapid industrialization and collectivization . Political paranoia was also fomented around Stalin , and the Great Purge was carried out to remove his opponents from the Communist Party through arbitrary arrests and persecutions of many people . Shortly before World War II , Stalin signed the Molotov -- Ribbentrop Pact agreeing to non-aggression with Nazi Germany , after which the two countries invaded Poland in September 1939 . In June 1941 , Germany invaded the Soviet Union , opening the largest and bloodiest theater of war in history . Soviet war casualties accounted for the highest proportion of the conflict in the effort of acquiring the upper hand over Axis forces at intense battles such as Stalingrad . The territories overtaken by the Red Army became satellite states of the USSR . The Cold War emerged by 1947 as the Eastern Bloc which united under the Warsaw Pact in 1955 confronted the Western states which united under NATO in 1949 . Following Stalin 's death in 1953 , a period of political and economic liberalization , known as `` de-Stalinization '' and `` Khrushchev 's Thaw '' , occurred under the leadership of Nikita Khrushchev . The Soviet Union took an early lead in the Space Race , with the first artificial satellite and the first human spaceflight . In the 1970s , there was a brief détente of relations with the United States , but tensions resumed with the Soviet -- Afghan War in 1979 . In the mid-1980s , the last Soviet leader , Mikhail Gorbachev , sought to reform and liberalize the economy through his policies of glasnost and perestroika . The Cold War ended during his tenure , and in 1989 , Soviet satellite states in Eastern Europe overthrew their respective communist governments . This led to the rise of strong nationalist and separatist movements inside the USSR as well . The government initiated a referendum , boycotted by some Soviet republics , which resulted in the majority of participating citizens voting in favor of preserving the union as a renewed federation . In August 1991 , an abortive coup d'état was attempted by Communist Party hardliners . The Russian President Boris Yeltsin played a high-profile role in facing down the coup . On 25 December 1991 , Gorbachev resigned and the remaining twelve constituent republics emerged from the dissolution of the Soviet Union as independent post-Soviet states . The Russian Federation -- formerly the Russian SFSR -- assumed the Soviet Union 's rights and obligations and is recognized as the primary legal successor of the Soviet Union . ", "The People 's Commissariat for Communications of the USSR was the central state agency of the Soviet Union for communications in the period 1932 to 1946 . The Commissariat administered the postal , telegraph and telephone services . ", "From the end of the Second World War in 1945 to the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991 , the government of the Soviet Union often provided , financial assistance , education , arms , military training and technical support to numerous authoritarian regimes and political groups across the world . Since 1991 , the Soviet Union 's successor state , the Russian Federation continues to provide similar support to a number of such regimes . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Salman_Rushdie", "Timeri_N._Murari", "Jonathan_Tulloch", "Bapsi_Sidhwa", "Marianne_Baillie" ]

[ "Ahmed Salman Rushdie , FRSL -LRB- -LSB- sælˈmɑːn_ˈrʊʃdi -RSB- अहमद सलमान रुशदी , ; born 19 June 1947 -RRB- is a British Indian novelist and essayist . His second novel , Midnight 's Children -LRB- 1981 -RRB- , won the Booker Prize in 1981 and was deemed to be `` the best novel of all winners '' on two separate occasions , marking the 25th and the 40th anniversary of the prize . Much of his fiction is set on the Indian subcontinent . He combines magical realism with historical fiction ; his work is concerned with the many connections , disruptions , and migrations between Eastern and Western civilizations . His epic fourth novel , The Satanic Verses -LRB- 1988 -RRB- , was the subject of a major controversy , provoking protests from Muslims in several countries . Death threats were made against him , including a fatwā calling for his assassination issued by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini , the Supreme Leader of Iran , on 14 February 1989 . The British government put Rushdie under police protection . In 1983 Rushdie was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of Literature , the UK 's senior literary organisation . He was appointed Commandeur de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres of France in January 1999 . In June 2007 , Queen Elizabeth II knighted him for his services to literature . In 2008 , The Times ranked him thirteenth on its list of the 50 greatest British writers since 1945 . Since 2000 , Rushdie has lived in the United States . He was named Distinguished Writer in Residence at the Arthur L. Carter Journalism Institute of New York University in 2015 . Earlier , he taught at Emory University . He was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Letters . In 2012 , he published Joseph Anton : A Memoir , an account of his life in the wake of the controversy over The Satanic Verses . Rushdie was strongly favoured to have received the Nobel Prize in Literature but the Nobel organisers were later quoted as saying that they would have been `` too predictable , too popular . '' ", "Timeri Murari is an Indian novelist , journalist , playwright and screenwriter . He is the author of fourteen published novels , including best-sellers The Taliban Cricket Club -LRB- 2012 -RRB- and Taj -LRB- 2007 -RRB- , and has written extensively for Indian and international newspapers including The Guardian . He has also written the screenplay of the award-winning Hindi movie Daayraa -LRB- 1997 -RRB- , which was voted one of the ten best films of 1997 by Time magazine . He adapted and directed it as a stage play , The Square Circle , at the Leicester Haymarket Theatre in November 1999 , starring Parminder Nagra . His latest novel is called Chanakya Returns . ", "Jonathan Tulloch is a British writer . The author of seven novels , he also writes a regular feature for The Times . ", "Bapsi Sidhwa -LRB- باپسا سادہوا born August 11 , 1938 -RRB- is a Pakistani novelist who writes in English and is resident in the United States of America . She is best known for her collaborative work with Indo-Canadian filmmaker Deepa Mehta : Sidhwa wrote both the 1991 novel Ice Candy Man which served as the basis for Mehta 's 1998 film Earth as well as the 2006 novel Water : A Novel which is based upon Mehta 's 2005 film Water . ", "Marianne Baillie was an English traveller , poet and author of the 19th century , who wrote four books , two being collections of verse , and the others being descriptions of her travels in Europe . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 2, 0 ]

[ "Alex_Jones_-LRB-radio_host-RRB-", "Malcolm_Jones_-LRB-politician-RRB-", "Alex_Gogić", "Joel_Jones", "The_UK_Kid" ]

[ "Alexander Emerick Jones -LRB- born February 11 , 1974 -RRB- is an American far-right radio show host , filmmaker , writer , and conspiracy theorist . He hosts The Alex Jones Show from Austin , Texas , which airs on the Genesis Communications Network and shortwave radio station WWCR across the United States and online . His website , InfoWars.com , has been labeled as a fake news website . Jones has been the center of many controversies , including his statements in the wake of the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting , about it being staged , adding support to Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting conspiracy theories , and as an argument against gun control . He has accused the U.S. government of being involved in the Oklahoma City bombing , the September 11 attacks and the filming of fake Moon landings to hide NASA 's secret technology . He says that government and big business have colluded to create a New World Order through `` manufactured economic crises , sophisticated surveillance tech and -- above all -- inside-job terror attacks that fuel exploitable hysteria '' . Jones has described himself as a libertarian and paleoconservative , and has been described by others as conservative , right-wing , alt-right , and a pro-Russia propagandist . New York magazine described Jones as `` America 's leading conspiracy theorist '' , and the Southern Poverty Law Center describes him as `` the most prolific conspiracy theorist in contemporary America '' . When asked about these labels , Jones said that he is `` proud to be listed as a thought criminal against Big Brother '' . ", "Malcolm Irving Jones -LRB- born 25 August 1946 -RRB- is a former Australian politician . Born in Chester , England , to Philip and Lena Mary Jones , he immigrated to Australia in 1974 . He was an employee benefits consultant with his own company from 1981 to 1994 . In 1983 , he married Vivien , with whom he had a daughter and two sons . Jones was originally a member of the Liberal Party , serving as Branch President and Secretary of the Balgowlah Branch from 1994 to 1995 . He was also a member of the Four Wheel Drive Association from 1994 , and in 1995 left the Liberal Party to join the Outdoor Recreation Party . In 1999 , as a result of strong preference flows from other parties , he was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Council . He resigned in 2003 under accusation of corruption and was replaced by Jon Jenkins . ", "Alex Gogić -LRB- born 13 April 1994 -RRB- is a Cypriot professional footballer who plays for Scottish club Hamilton Academical , as a defender . ", "Joel `` JoJo '' Jones-Camacho -LRB- born July 17 , 1981 -RRB- is a Puerto Rican-American professional basketball player . Jones has played in the NCAA , Baloncesto Superior Nacional -LRB- BSN -RRB- with Vaqueros de Bayamón , Leones de Ponce , Piratas de Quebradillas , and internationally in the Chinese Basketball Association with the Shandong Lions . Jones is a member of the Puerto Rican national basketball team since 2007 . ", "Thomas Jones is a British professional wrestler and promoter better known by his ring name The UK Kid . As well as founding his own promotion Varsity Pro Wrestling , Jones has competed in various other professional wrestling promotions in the United Kingdom including All Star Wrestling , LDN Wrestling , Pro Wrestling Guerrilla , Real Quality Wrestling and Catch Wrestling Council . " ]

[ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Alex_Jones_-LRB-radio_host-RRB-", "Malcolm_Jones_-LRB-politician-RRB-", "Alex_Gogić", "Joel_Jones", "The_UK_Kid" ]

[ "Alexander Emerick Jones -LRB- born February 11 , 1974 -RRB- is an American far-right radio show host , filmmaker , writer , and conspiracy theorist . He hosts The Alex Jones Show from Austin , Texas , which airs on the Genesis Communications Network and shortwave radio station WWCR across the United States and online . His website , InfoWars.com , has been labeled as a fake news website . Jones has been the center of many controversies , including his statements in the wake of the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting , about it being staged , adding support to Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting conspiracy theories , and as an argument against gun control . He has accused the U.S. government of being involved in the Oklahoma City bombing , the September 11 attacks and the filming of fake Moon landings to hide NASA 's secret technology . He says that government and big business have colluded to create a New World Order through `` manufactured economic crises , sophisticated surveillance tech and -- above all -- inside-job terror attacks that fuel exploitable hysteria '' . Jones has described himself as a libertarian and paleoconservative , and has been described by others as conservative , right-wing , alt-right , and a pro-Russia propagandist . New York magazine described Jones as `` America 's leading conspiracy theorist '' , and the Southern Poverty Law Center describes him as `` the most prolific conspiracy theorist in contemporary America '' . When asked about these labels , Jones said that he is `` proud to be listed as a thought criminal against Big Brother '' . ", "Malcolm Irving Jones -LRB- born 25 August 1946 -RRB- is a former Australian politician . Born in Chester , England , to Philip and Lena Mary Jones , he immigrated to Australia in 1974 . He was an employee benefits consultant with his own company from 1981 to 1994 . In 1983 , he married Vivien , with whom he had a daughter and two sons . Jones was originally a member of the Liberal Party , serving as Branch President and Secretary of the Balgowlah Branch from 1994 to 1995 . He was also a member of the Four Wheel Drive Association from 1994 , and in 1995 left the Liberal Party to join the Outdoor Recreation Party . In 1999 , as a result of strong preference flows from other parties , he was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Council . He resigned in 2003 under accusation of corruption and was replaced by Jon Jenkins . ", "Alex Gogić -LRB- born 13 April 1994 -RRB- is a Cypriot professional footballer who plays for Scottish club Hamilton Academical , as a defender . ", "Joel `` JoJo '' Jones-Camacho -LRB- born July 17 , 1981 -RRB- is a Puerto Rican-American professional basketball player . Jones has played in the NCAA , Baloncesto Superior Nacional -LRB- BSN -RRB- with Vaqueros de Bayamón , Leones de Ponce , Piratas de Quebradillas , and internationally in the Chinese Basketball Association with the Shandong Lions . Jones is a member of the Puerto Rican national basketball team since 2007 . ", "Thomas Jones is a British professional wrestler and promoter better known by his ring name The UK Kid . As well as founding his own promotion Varsity Pro Wrestling , Jones has competed in various other professional wrestling promotions in the United Kingdom including All Star Wrestling , LDN Wrestling , Pro Wrestling Guerrilla , Real Quality Wrestling and Catch Wrestling Council . " ]

[ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Cyprus", "Bulgaria–Cyprus_relations", "Ayios_Kassianos,_Nicosia", "Porcellio_flavocinctus", "Hellinsia_inulae" ]

[ "Cyprus -LRB- -LSB- ˈsaɪprəs -RSB- -LSB- Κύπρος , Kýpros -RSB- -LSB- ˈcipros -RSB- ; Kıbrıs -LSB- ˈkɯbɾɯs -RSB- -RRB- , officially the Republic of Cyprus -LRB- -LSB- Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία , Kypriakí Demokratía , links = no -RSB- -LSB- Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti , links = no -RSB- -RRB- , is an island country in the Eastern Mediterranean and the third largest and third most populous island in the Mediterranean . It is located south of Turkey , west of Syria and Lebanon , northwest of Israel and Palestine , north of Egypt , and southeast of Greece . The earliest known human activity on the island dates to around the 10th millennium BC . Archaeological remains from this period include the well-preserved Neolithic village of Khirokitia , and Cyprus is home to some of the oldest water wells in the world . Cyprus was settled by Mycenaean Greeks in two waves in the 2nd millennium BC . As a strategic location in the Middle East , it was subsequently occupied by several major powers , including the empires of the Assyrians , Egyptians and Persians , from whom the island was seized in 333 BC by Alexander the Great . Subsequent rule by Ptolemaic Egypt , the Classical and Eastern Roman Empire , Arab caliphates for a short period , the French Lusignan dynasty and the Venetians , was followed by over three centuries of Ottoman rule between 1571 and 1878 -LRB- de jure until 1914 -RRB- . Cyprus was placed under British administration based on Cyprus Convention in 1878 and formally annexed by Britain in 1914 . While Turkish Cypriots made up 18 % of the population , the partition of Cyprus and creation of a Turkish state in the north became a policy of Turkish Cypriot leaders and Turkey in the 1950s . Turkish leaders for a period advocated the annexation of Cyprus to Turkey as Cyprus was considered an `` extension of Anatolia '' by them ; while since the 19th century , the majority Greek Cypriot population and its Orthodox church had been pursuing union with Greece , which became a Greek national policy in the 1950s . Following nationalist violence in the 1950s , Cyprus was granted independence in 1960 . In 1963 , the 11-year intercommunal violence between Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots started , which displaced more than 25,000 Turkish Cypriots and brought the end of Turkish Cypriot representation in the republic . On 15 July 1974 , a coup d'état was staged by Greek Cypriot nationalists and elements of the Greek military junta in an attempt at enosis , the incorporation of Cyprus into Greece . This action precipitated the Turkish invasion of Cyprus , which led to the capture of the present-day territory of Northern Cyprus the following month , after a ceasefire collapsed , and the displacement of over 150,000 Greek Cypriots and 50,000 Turkish Cypriots . A separate Turkish Cypriot state in the north was established by unilateral declaration in 1983 ; the move was widely condemned by the international community , with Turkey alone recognizing the new state . These events and the resulting political situation are matters of a continuing dispute . The Republic of Cyprus has de jure sovereignty over the entire island , including its territorial waters and exclusive economic zone , with the exception of the Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia , which remain under British control according to the London and Zürich Agreements . However , the Republic of Cyprus is de facto partitioned into two main parts : the area under the effective control of the Republic , located in the south and west , and comprising about 59 % of the island 's area ; and the north , administered by the self-declared Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus , covering about 36 % of the island 's area . Another nearly 4 % of the island 's area is covered by the UN buffer zone . The international community considers the northern part of the island as territory of the Republic of Cyprus occupied by Turkish forces . The occupation is viewed as illegal under international law , amounting to illegal occupation of EU territory since Cyprus became a member of the European Union . Cyprus is a major tourist destination in the Mediterranean . With an advanced , high-income economy and a very high Human Development Index , the Republic of Cyprus has been a member of the Commonwealth since 1961 and was a founding member of the Non-Aligned Movement until it joined the European Union on 1 May 2004 . On 1 January 2008 , the Republic of Cyprus joined the eurozone . ", "Bulgaria -- Cyprus relations are the close diplomatic relations between Cyprus and Bulgaria . Bulgaria was one of the first countries to recognise Cypriot independence in 1960 , leading to the celebration of 50 years of diplomatic relations between the two countries in 2010 . These relations have developed positively on the international stage as well as in commerce and strategic affairs . Bulgaria has an embassy in Nicosia and a consulate general in Limassol . Cyprus has an embassy in Sofia and a branch office in Burgas . ", "Ayios Kassianos is a Neighbourhood , Quarter , Mahalla or Parish of Nicosia , Cyprus and the church situated therein after which the Quarter is named . It is Άγιος Κασσιανός in Greek and Aykasyano in Turkish and also has the historic name Kafesli -LRB- lattice or cage -RRB- . At the last Census -LRB- 2011 -RRB- it had a population of 315 , . The population in 1946 was 1,177 , consisting of 1,686 Greek Cypriots , 115 Turkish Cypriots and 1 other . ", "Porcellio flavocinctus is a species of woodlouse in the genus Porcellio belonging to the family Porcellionidae that can be found on islands like Crete , Cyclades , Cyprus , Dodecanese , Malta , North Aegean , and Sicily . It can also be found in such western European countries as Portugal and Spain . ", "Hellinsia inulae is a moth of the Pterophoridae family . It is found on the Canary Islands , Iberian Peninsula , Corsica , Sardinia , Sicily , Cyprus and in Germany , Austria , Italy , the Czech Republic , Poland , Slovakia , Hungary , Croatia , Romania , Bulgaria , Bosnia and Herzegovina , the Republic of Macedonia , Greece , Russia , North Africa and Asia Minor . The wingspan is 18 - . The larvae feed on Inula britannica , Inula salicina , Inula viscosa and Dittrichia viscosa . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 2, 0 ]

[ "Atlanta_metropolitan_area", "Atlanta", "North_Georgia_-LRB-U.S._state-RRB-", "Fulton_County_School_System", "Avondale_-LRB-Columbus,_Georgia-RRB-" ]

[ "Metro Atlanta , designated by the United States Office of Management and Budget as the Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell , GA Metropolitan Statistical Area , is the most populous metro area in the US state of Georgia and the ninth-largest metropolitan statistical area -LRB- MSA -RRB- in the United States . Its economic , cultural and demographic center is Atlanta , and it had a 2015 estimated population of 5.7 million people according to the U.S. Census Bureau . The metro area forms the core of a broader trading area , the Atlanta -- Athens-Clarke -- Sandy Springs Combined Statistical Area . The Combined Statistical Area spans up to 39 counties in north Georgia and had an estimated 2015 population of 6.3 million people . Atlanta is considered an `` alpha world city '' . It is the third largest metropolitan region in the Census Bureau 's Southeast region behind Greater Washington and South Florida . ", "Atlanta is the capital of and the most populous city in the U.S. state of Georgia , with an estimated 2016 population of 472,522 . Atlanta is the cultural and economic center of the Atlanta metropolitan area , home to 5,710,795 people and the ninth largest metropolitan area in the United States . Atlanta is the county seat of Fulton County , and a small portion of the city extends eastward into DeKalb County . In 1837 , Atlanta was founded at the intersection of two railroad lines , and the city rose from the ashes of the American Civil War to become a national center of commerce . In the decades following the Civil Rights Movement , the city earned a reputation as `` too busy to hate '' for the relatively progressive views of its citizens and leaders compared to other cities in the Deep South . Atlanta attained international prominence , and it became the primary transportation hub of the Southeastern United States , via highway , railroad , and air , with Hartsfield -- Jackson Atlanta International Airport being the world 's busiest airport since 1998 . Atlanta rated an `` alpha - '' world city that exerts a significant impact upon commerce , finance , research , technology , education , media , art , and entertainment . It ranks 40th among world cities and 8th in the nation with a gross domestic product of $ 270 billion . Atlanta 's economy is considered diverse , with dominant sectors that include logistics , professional and business services , media operations , and information technology . Atlanta has topographic features that include rolling hills and dense tree coverage . Revitalization of Atlanta 's neighborhoods , initially spurred by the 1996 Olympics in Atlanta , has intensified in the 21st century , altering the city 's demographics , politics , and culture . ", "North Georgia is the hilly to mountainous northern region of the U.S. state of Georgia . At the time of the arrival of settlers from Europe , it was inhabited largely by the Cherokee . The counties of north Georgia were often scenes of important events in the history of Georgia . It was the site of many American Civil War battles , including the Battle of Lookout Mountain and the Battle of Chickamauga , leading up to the Atlanta Campaign . Today , particularly in the northeast portion of the region , tourism sustains the local economy . North Georgia encompasses the north Georgia mountains -LRB- far northeast and northwest -RRB- region of the state and the Atlanta metropolitan area , although the term is often used to describe only the region north of the metro area , especially in newscasts from the Atlanta media market -LRB- which reach nearly all of the northern third of the state -RRB- . To the south lies central Georgia , with upstate South Carolina to the east , western North Carolina to the northeast , east Tennessee to the north , and northeast Alabama to the west . Part of metropolitan Chattanooga extends into the far northwestern section of Georgia from Tennessee , while most of the rest of the region is tied to Atlanta-area mass media . The highest of Georgia 's Appalachian Mountains are near the North Carolina border , including Brasstown Bald , the highest point in the state . The northwest contains part of the eastern Tennessee seismic zone , and small earthquakes have been felt as far away as Atlanta . The foothills gradually flatten out toward the south . Much of metro Atlanta is hilly as well , especially on the north and west . Major rivers include the upper Chattahoochee River , upper Savannah River , Etowah River , far upper Flint River , upper Coosa River , and upper Oconee River . Smaller tributary rivers are the Little River , Chestatee River , Chattooga River , Tallulah River , Tugalo River , Oostanaula River , Coosawattee River , Cartecay River , Ellijay River , Conasauga River , Toccoa River , Sweetwater Creek , upper Tallapoosa River , upper Yellow River , Nottely River , and small headwaters of the far upper Hiawassee River and Little Tennessee River . Were it not for a 19th-century surveying error that failed to place the state 's northern border at exactly 35 ° N , it would also touch the Tennessee River . ", "The Fulton County School System is a school district headquartered in Atlanta , Georgia , United States . The system serves the area of Fulton County outside the Atlanta city limits -LRB- which are served by Atlanta Public Schools -RRB- . Fulton County Schools serve the cities of Alpharetta , Johns Creek , Milton , Mountain Park , Roswell , and Sandy Springs north of Atlanta , and Chattahoochee Hills , College Park , East Point , Fairburn , Hapeville , Palmetto , Union City , and Fulton 's remaining unincorporated areas in the south . Fulton County is the fourth-largest school system in Georgia . The Fulton County school district is the only non-contiguous school district in the state , having a 17-mile -LRB- 27 km -RRB- separation -LRB- Atlanta Public Schools -RRB- between the north and south . The Fulton County school district continues to expand with the addition of three new schools during the 2016-2017 school year . They include Wolf Creek Elementary , Ester Jackson -LRB- replacement -RRB- , and Vickery Mill Elementary . As of the 2012-2013 school year , Fulton has 11,500 full-time employees , including 7,500 teachers and other certified personnel , who work in 99 schools and 15 administrative and support buildings . Approximately 94,000 students attend classes in 58 elementary schools , 19 middle schools , 15 high schools , and seven charter schools . ", "Avondale is a neighborhood in south-central Columbus , Georgia located adjacent to and southeast of the Central Business District in Downtown . It has been a part of the federally recognized Columbus Historic Riverfront Industrial District since 1978 . In recent years , the area has experienced an influx of residents and new businesses . It is generally categorized as the area bound by Buena Vista Road and Wynnton Road to the north , 21st Avenue to the south , Brown Avenue to the east , and 10th Ave to the west . In 2009 , the estimated population of the area was 3,326 . " ]

[ 0, 0, 2, 1, 0 ]

[ "Coins_of_the_Swiss_franc", "Bullion_coin", "Ecuadorian_centavo_coins", "Mandats_territoriaux", "Non-decimal_currency" ]

[ "The coins of the Swiss franc are the official coins used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein . The name of the subunit is Centime in French , Rappen in German , Centisimo in Italian and Rap in Romansh . There are coins in denominations of 5 centimes , 10 centimes , 20 centimes , 1/2 franc -LRB- 50 centimes -RRB- , 1 franc , 2 francs and 5 francs . In the past , there were also coins of 1 and 2 centimes . ", "A bullion coin is a coin struck from precious metal and kept as a store of value or an investment , rather than used in day-to-day commerce . The United Kingdom defines investment coins more specifically as coins that have been minted after 1800 , have a purity of not less than 900 thousandths and are , or have been , legal tender in their country of origin . Under United States law , `` coins '' that fail the last of these requirements are not coins at all , and must be advertised as `` rounds '' instead . Bullion coins are usually available in both gold and silver , with the exceptions of the Krugerrand -LRB- note in 2017 the first silver Krugerrand was minted -RRB- and the Swiss Vreneli which are only available in gold . The American Eagle series is available in gold , silver and platinum , and the Canadian Maple Leaf series is available in gold , silver , platinum , and palladium . Bullion coins are typically available in various weights . These are usually multiples or fractions of 1 troy ounce , but some bullion coins are produced in very limited quantities in kilograms or heavier . Bullion coins sell for a premium over the market price of the metal on the commodities exchanges . Reasons include their comparative small size and the costs associated with manufacture , storage and distribution . The amount of the premium varies depending on the coin 's type and weight and the precious metal . The premium also is affected by prevailing demand . The ISO currency code for gold bullion is XAU . ISO 4217 includes codes not only for currencies , but also for precious metals -LRB- gold , silver , palladium and platinum ; by definition expressed per one troy ounce , as compared to `` 1 USD '' -RRB- and certain other entities used in international finance , e.g. special drawing rights . ", "Ecuadorian centavo coins were introduced in 2000 when Ecuador converted its currency from the sucre to the U.S. dollar . The coins are in denominations of 1 , 5 , 10 , 25 and 50 centavos and are identical in size and value to their U.S. cent counterparts -LRB- although the U.S. 50-cent coin counterpart is not often seen in circulation -RRB- . They circulate within Ecuador alongside coins and banknotes from the USA . Although U.S. $ 1 coins are rarely used in the U.S. , they are commonly used in Ecuador . Ecuador managed to introduce a $ 1 coin -LRB- Un sucre -RRB- but finally decided to not release in common circulation , only in 2000 coin sets . Ecuador does not issue any banknotes , relying on U.S. issues . ", "Mandats territoriaux were paper bank notes issued as currency by the French Directory in 1796 to replace the assignats which had become virtually worthless . They were land-warrants supposedly redeemable in the lands confiscated from royalty , the clergy and the church after the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789 . In February 1796 , 800,000,000 francs of mandats were issued as legal tender to replace the 24,000,000,000 francs of assignats then outstanding . In all about 2,500,000,000 francs of mandats were issued . They were heavily counterfeited and their value depreciated rapidly within six months . In February 1797 , they lost their legal tender quality and by May were worth virtually nothing . ", "A non-decimal currency is a currency that has sub-units that are a non-decimal fraction of the main unit , i.e. the number of sub-units in a main unit is not a power of 10 . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 0, 0 ]

[ "Burj_Khalifa", "Saba_Tower_1", "Executive_Tower_-LRB-Washington,_D.C.-RRB-", "Empire,_Colombo", "Emmar_Towers" ]

[ "The Burj Khalifa -LRB- برج خليفة , Arabic for `` Khalifa Tower '' ; pronounced -LSB- langˈbɝdʒ_kə ` li : fə -RSB- -RRB- , known as the Burj Dubai before its inauguration , is a megatall skyscraper in Dubai , United Arab Emirates . With a total height of 829.8 m including the antenna and a roof height of 828 m , the Burj Khalifa is currently the tallest structure in the world since topping out in late 2008 . Construction of the Burj Khalifa began in 2004 , with the exterior completed 5 years later in 2009 . The primary structure is reinforced concrete . The building was opened in 2010 as part of a new development called Downtown Dubai . It is designed to be the centrepiece of large-scale , mixed-use development . The decision to construct the building is reportedly based on the government 's decision to diversify from an oil-based economy , and for Dubai to gain international recognition . The building was named in honour of the ruler of Abu Dhabi and president of the United Arab Emirates , Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan ; Abu Dhabi and the UAE government lent Dubai money to pay its debts . The building broke numerous height records , including its designation as the tallest tower in the world . Burj Khalifa was designed by Adrian Smith , then of Skidmore , Owings & Merrill -LRB- SOM -RRB- , whose firm designed the Willis Tower and One World Trade Center . Hyder Consulting was chosen to be the supervising engineer with NORR Group Consultants International Limited chosen to supervise the architecture of the project . The design is derived from the Islamic architecture of the region , such as in the Great Mosque of Samarra . The Y-shaped tripartite floor geometry is designed to optimize residential and hotel space . A buttressed central core and wings are used to support the height of the building . Although this design was derived from Tower Palace III , the Burj Khalifa 's central core houses all vertical transportation with the exception of egress stairs within each of the wings . The structure also features a cladding system which is designed to withstand Dubai 's hot summer temperatures . It contains a total of 57 elevators and 8 escalators . Critical reception to Burj Khalifa has been generally positive , and the building has received many awards . However , the labour issues during construction were controversial , since the building was built primarily by migrant workers from South Asia with several allegations of mistreatment . Poor working conditions are common , as the result of the lack of minimum wage laws in the United Arab Emirates . Several instances of suicides have been reported , which is not uncommon for migrant construction workers in Dubai despite safety precautions in place . ", "The Saba Tower 1 is a 37-floor tower in the Jumeirah Lake Towers in Dubai , United Arab Emirates . The tower has a total structural height of 150 m -LRB- 492 ft -RRB- . Construction of the Saba Tower 1 was completed in 2006 . ", "Executive Tower -LRB- Washington , D.C. -RRB- is a high-rise skyscraper building located in the United States capital of Washington , D.C. Its construction was completed in 2001 . It rises to 153 ft , featuring 12 floors . The architect of the building was Hellmuth , Obata & Kassabaum . ", "The Empire is a residential complex consisting of two identical towers of 33 and 37 floors . The towers consists of a total of 104 apartments , including four penthouses with floor space ranging from 2028 ft2 to around 4000 ft2 . The 131 m towers are built on a 1.03 acre site where the old Empire Theatre once stood . ", "Emmar Towers are 85 m commercial towers , located in Amman , Jordan , between 5th and 6th circles . The towers feature conference rooms and 78 offices . They are considered to be one of Amman 's landmarks due to their unique architecture . " ]

[ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Sean_Gunn", "Sean_M._Sullivan", "Richard_Henderson_-LRB-bishop-RRB-", "Thomas_Le_Fanu", "George_Gunn_-LRB-Canadian_politician-RRB-" ]

[ "Sean Gunn is an American actor , best known for his role as Kirk Gleason on the television show Gilmore Girls -LRB- 2000 -- 2007 -RRB- and Kraglin in Guardians of the Galaxy . He is the younger brother of filmmaker James Gunn . ", "Sean M. Sullivan is a former college soccer player and currently the athletic director at The Catholic University of America in Washington , D.C. , where he replaced Michael S. Allen . ", "Richard Crosbie Aitken Henderson is a clergyman who has served with the Church of Ireland and the Church of England . Until 31 January 2011 he was Bishop of Tuam , Killala , and Achonry . Born on 27 March 1957 , he was educated at Westminster and Magdalen College , Oxford , initially studying botany and earning a doctorate with a thesis on `` The Genetics and Applications of Copper Resistance in Yeast '' . He was ordained in 1987 and began his ecclesiastical career in the Diocese of Oxford as curate of Chinnor with Emmington . He moved to Ireland in 1989 and held incumbencies in the Diocese of Cork , Cloyne and Ross , including Rector of Abbeystrewry Union , Skibberreen . He was Dean of Ross from 1995 to 1998 when he was elected bishop of Tuam , Killala , and Achonry . In 2007 his wife Anita was received into the Roman Catholic Church . In January 2011 he retired as bishop to return to parochial ministry in England , becoming Team Vicar in the Heart of Eden and an Honorary Assistant Bishop within the Diocese of Carlisle in March 2011 . On his election as bishop , it was reported that `` Dean Henderson has a passion for working with his hands , mostly in woodwork and engineering metal work . He plays piano , organ and recorder , especially the music of J S Bach , reads English literature and a wide range of technical books , and enjoys gardening and building . He has taught music in Darjeeling , been an indoor plant decorator , a self-employed cabinet maker and biotechnology adviser to Andry Montgomery Ltd , which mounts trade exhibitions ' . '' He is married to Anita Whiting , with whom he has two daughters and a son . ", "Thomas Philip Le Fanu -LRB- 1784 -- 1845 -RRB- was an Irish Dean in the first half of the 19th century . He was the son of Joseph Le Fanu and Alicia Sheridan , and the father of Joseph Sheridan Le Fanu . He married Emma Lucretia Dobbin . He was Dean of Emly from 1826 to 1845 . Prior to this position , he was chaplain at the Royal Hibernian Military School in Phoenix Park , Dublin . ", "George Gunn -LRB- December 11 , 1833 -- 1901 ? -RRB- was a farmer and political figure in Manitoba . He served in the Legislative Assembly of Assiniboia . He was the son of Donald Gunn , a native of Scotland , and Margaret Swain . of Métis descent . He farmed at Poplar Point . Gunn ran unsuccessfully for the Poplar Point seat in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba in 1870 , losing to David Spence . He was named a justice of the peace for Marquette County and was elected to the school board for Poplar Point . Gunn is believed to have later moved to Swift Current , Saskatchewan and married a Métis woman there . He reportedly died there in 1901 . " ]

[ 0, 0, 2, 0, 0 ]

[ "Numenius_of_Apamea", "2nd_century_in_Roman_Britain", "Gaius_Octavius_Tidius_Tossianus_Lucius_Javolenus_Priscus", "Abundantius_-LRB-consul-RRB-", "Aurelius_Anicius_Symmachus" ]

[ "Numenius of Apamea was a Greek philosopher , who lived in Apamea in Syria and flourished during the latter half of the 2nd century AD . He was a Neopythagorean and forerunner of the Neoplatonists . ", "Events from the 2nd century in Roman Britain . ", "Gaius Octavius Tidius Tossianus Lucius Javolenus Priscus was a Roman jurist and senator who flourished during the Flavian dynasty . Many of his judgments are quoted in the Digest , and he served as suffect consul for the nundinium September-December AD 86 with Aulus Bucius Lappius Maximus . His full name is known from , where the second praenomen is written inside the second O of Tossiaano -LRB- sic -RRB- , leading Ollie Salomies to suggest that `` Lucius '' was `` added at some later stage , perhaps erroneously '' . ", "Flavius Abundantius -LRB- floruit 375-400 -RRB- was a politician of the Eastern Roman Empire . Of Scythian origin , he entered the Roman army under emperor Gratian -LRB- 367-375 -RRB- and climbed up its ranks until , around 392 and under emperor Theodosius I -LRB- 378-395 -RRB- , he became magister utriusque militiae . The next year , in 393 , he also held the consulate . The powerful eunuch and courtesan Eutropius , who had been introduced by Abundantius into the court , caused his downfall , because he longed for Abundantius ' properties : in 396 Eutropius had the new emperor Arcadius exile Abundantius at Pityus on the Black Sea and give all his properties to Eutropius himself . When Eutropius died -LRB- 399 -RRB- , Abundantius succeeded in being transferred to the more comfortable Sidon , where he was still alive in 400 . ", "Anicius Aurelius Symmachus -LRB- fl . 415-420 -RRB- was a politician of the Western Roman Empire . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 1, 0 ]

[ "Camp_Flog_Gnaw", "Odd_Future", "Harborne_carnival", "Tyler,_The_Creator", "Fat_Camp-COLON-_An_MTV_Docs_Movie_Presentation" ]

[ "Camp Flog Gnaw is an annual carnival created and hosted by Tyler , The Creator and Odd Future . It is hosted once a year , and features various carnival games , well known artists , restaurants , and a ferris wheel . Camp Flog Gnaw has been held every year since 2012 . ", "Odd Future Wolf Gang Kill Them All , normally shortened to Odd Future and abbreviated to OFWGKTA -LRB- stylized OFWGK † Δ -RRB- , -LRB- with an upside down cross -RRB- , is an American hip hop collective formed in Los Angeles in 2006-07 . The collective was originally formed by Tyler , The Creator with Hodgy , Left Brain , Pyramid Vritra , Jasper Dolphin . Later members include Earl Sweatshirt , Frank Ocean , Domo Genesis , Mike G , Casey Veggies , Syd . Outside of music , Odd Future have an Adult Swim skit show called Loiter Squad , a clothing line named Golf Wang , as well as a mobile app called Golf Media which contains exclusive interviews , behind the scenes clips , and cartoons . Every year since 2012 , Odd Future has held the annual Camp Flog Gnaw in Los Angeles where members of Odd Future , as well as other supporting acts , perform live and host a carnival . ", "Harborne Carnival is a Street party , held in the suburb Harborne of Birmingham , within England , UK . Tens of thousands of people attend Harborne carnival on an Annual Basis . Harborne Carnival has been reported as being `` the biggest celebration of its type outside London '' , and as being `` one of Britain 's biggest street carnivals -- second only to London 's Notting Hill '' . ", "Tyler Gregory Okonma -LRB- born March 6 , 1991 -RRB- , better known by his stage name Tyler , The Creator , is an American rapper , record producer , and music video director . Born in Ladera Heights , California , he rose to prominence as the leader and co-founder of the alternative hip hop collective Odd Future and has rapped on and produced songs for nearly every Odd Future release . Okonma creates all the artwork for the group 's releases and designs the group 's clothing and other merchandise as well . After releasing his debut album Goblin under XL Recordings , in April 2011 , he signed a joint venture deal for him and his label Odd Future Records , with RED Distribution and Sony Music Entertainment . Following that he released his second studio album Wolf , which was met with generally positive reviews and debuted at number three on the US Billboard 200 selling 90,000 copies in its first week . He has his own clothing company , called Golf Wang , started in 2011 , and a carnival , named Camp Flog Gnaw , hosted annually since 2012 . He runs his own streaming service Golf Media ; it contains original scripted series from Tyler himself and Camp Flog Gnaw streams there yearly . ", "Fat Camp : An MTV Docs Movie Presentation is a documentary television film about five teens at a fat camp founded by Tony Sparber called Camp Pocono Trails -LRB- CPT -RRB- , in the Poconos , Pennsylvania . " ]

[ 2, 2, 0, 2, 0 ]

[ "Guns_N'_Roses", "Hollywood_Rose", "Axl_Rose", "Use_Your_Illusion_II", "Chinese_Democracy_-LRB-song-RRB-" ]

[ "Guns N ' Roses , often abbreviated as GnR , is an American hard rock band from Los Angeles formed in 1985 . The lineup , when first signed to Geffen Records in 1986 , consisted of vocalist Axl Rose , lead guitarist Slash , rhythm guitarist Izzy Stradlin , bassist Duff McKagan , and drummer Steven Adler . Guns N ' Roses have released six studio albums , accumulating sales of more than 100 million records worldwide , including shipments of 45 million in the United States , making them one of the world 's best-selling bands of all time . Guns N ' Roses ' debut album , Appetite for Destruction -LRB- 1987 -RRB- , reached number one on the Billboard 200 a year after its release , on the strength of `` Sweet Child o ' Mine '' , the band 's only single to reach number one on the Billboard Hot 100 . The album has sold approximately 30 million copies worldwide , including 18 million units in the United States , making it the best-selling debut album of all time in the US , as well as the eleventh best-selling album in the United States . The success of the debut was followed by the eight-song album G N ' R Lies -LRB- 1988 -RRB- which reached number two on the Billboard 200 . The twin albums Use Your Illusion I and Use Your Illusion II -LRB- 1991 -RRB- debuted at number two and number one on the Billboard 200 respectively and have sold a combined 35 million copies worldwide , including 14 million units in the United States . The cover album `` The Spaghetti Incident ? '' -LRB- 1993 -RRB- was the band 's last studio album to feature Slash and McKagan . After more than a decade of work and several lineup changes , Guns N ' Roses released the long-awaited album Chinese Democracy -LRB- 2008 -RRB- which , at an estimated $ 14 million in production costs , is the most expensive rock album to ever be produced in music history . It debuted at number three on the Billboard 200 but undersold industry expectations , despite mostly positive critical reception . Former members Slash and McKagan both rejoined the band in 2016 , embarking on the Not in This Lifetime ... Tour . Guns N ' Roses has been credited with reviving the mainstream popularity of rock 'n' roll , at a time when popular music was dominated by dance music and glam metal . Its late 1980s and early 1990s years have been described as the period in which the group brought forth a `` hedonistic rebelliousness '' reminiscent of the early Rolling Stones , a reputation that had earned the group the nickname `` the most dangerous band in the world '' . The band 's classic lineup , along with later members keyboardist Dizzy Reed and drummer Matt Sorum , was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2012 in its first year of eligibility . The band 's membership has changed many times since the early 1990 's , with Rose and keyboardist Dizzy Reed as the only two constant members since 1990 . The current lineup consists of Rose , Slash , McKagan , Reed , guitarist Richard Fortus , drummer Frank Ferrer and keyboardist Melissa Reese . ", "Hollywood Rose was an American hard rock group formed in 1983 and is best known as the precursor group for what would eventually become Guns N ' Roses . The group was founded by Axl Rose , Izzy Stradlin and Chris Weber while they were aided during live shows by Rick Mars , Johnny Kreis , Steve Darrow and Andre Troxx . Rose , Stradlin and Weber , along with Kreis , recorded a five-song demo in 1984 . However , after a number of lineup changes , which includes Weber and Kreis being replaced by Slash and Steven Adler -LRB- both then of Road Crew -RRB- respectively as well the departure of Stradlin , the group disbanded the same year . Hollywood Rose reunited briefly in 1985 with Rose , Stradlin , Weber and Darrow -LRB- Sonic Medusa , Rat Salad , Super Heroines , Decadents -RRB- returning and adding former L.A. Guns drummer Rob Gardner to the group . L.A. Guns founder Tracii Guns eventually replaced Weber . They changed their name to Guns N ' Roses -LRB- combining the names of L.A. Guns and Hollywood Rose -RRB- with L.A. Guns bassist Ole Beich replacing Darrow . Eventually Guns , Gardner and Beich were replaced by former Hollywood Rose members Slash , Adler and their former Road Crew band mate Duff McKagan with this lineup becoming known as the `` classic lineup '' of Guns N ' Roses . The five-song demo , recorded in 1984 , was released in 2004 with the title The Roots of Guns N ' Roses . A number of Hollywood Rose songs were included on the Guns N ' Roses albums Live ?! * @ Like a Suicide -LRB- 1986 -RRB- , Appetite for Destruction -LRB- 1987 -RRB- , Live from the Jungle -LRB- 1987 -RRB- , and G N ' R Lies -LRB- 1988 -RRB- . ", "W. Axl Rose -LRB- born William Bruce Rose Jr. ; raised as William Bruce Bailey ; February 6 , 1962 -RRB- is an American singer , songwriter , record producer and musician . He is the lead vocalist of the hard rock band Guns N ' Roses , and has also been the band 's sole constant member since its inception in 1985 . In addition to Guns N ' Roses , he is also the current lead singer of AC/DC since 2016 . Due to his powerful and wide vocal range and energetic live performances , Rose has been named one of the greatest singers of all time by various media outlets , including Rolling Stone and NME . Born and raised in Lafayette , Indiana , Rose moved to Los Angeles in the early 1980s , where he became active in the local hard rock scene and joined several bands , including Hollywood Rose and L.A. Guns . In 1985 , he co-founded Guns N ' Roses , with whom he had great success and recognition in the late 1980s and early 1990s . Their first album , Appetite for Destruction -LRB- 1987 -RRB- , has sold in excess of 30 million copies worldwide , and is one of the best-selling debut albums of all time in the U.S. with 18 million units sold . Its full-length follow-ups , the twin albums Use Your Illusion I and Use Your Illusion II -LRB- 1991 -RRB- , were also widely successful ; they respectively debuted at No. 2 and No. 1 on the Billboard 200 and have sold a combined 35 million copies worldwide . After 1994 , following the conclusion of their two-and-a-half-year Use Your Illusion Tour , Rose disappeared from public life for several years , while the band disintegrated due to personal and musical differences . As its sole remaining original member , he was able to continue working under the Guns N ' Roses banner because he had legally obtained the band name . In 2001 , he resurfaced with a new line-up of Guns N ' Roses at Rock in Rio 3 , and subsequently played periodic concert tours to promote the long-delayed Chinese Democracy -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , which undersold the music industry 's commercial expectations despite positive reviews upon its release . In 2012 , Rose was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Guns N ' Roses , though he declined to attend the event and requested exclusion from the Hall . In 2016 , Rose partially reunited the ` classic ' lineup of Guns N ' Roses and has since toured the world as part of the Not In This Lifetime ... Tour . ", "Use Your Illusion II is the fourth studio album by the American hard rock band Guns N ' Roses . The album was released on September 17 , 1991 , the same day as its counterpart album Use Your Illusion I. Both of the albums were released in conjunction with the Use Your Illusion Tour . Bolstered by the lead single `` You Could Be Mine , '' Use Your Illusion II was the slightly more popular of the two albums , selling 770,000 copies its first week and debuting at No. 1 on the U.S. charts , ahead of Use Your Illusion I '' 's first week sales of 685,000 . As of 2010 , Use Your Illusion II '' has sold 5,587,000 units in the U.S. , according to Nielsen SoundScan . Both albums have since been certified 7 × Platinum by the RIAA . It was also No. 1 on the UK Albums Chart for a single week . It is the last Guns N ' Roses album to feature rhythm guitarist Izzy Stradlin . It also included the last Guns N ' Roses song to feature drummer Steven Adler , who played on `` Civil War . '' ", "`` Chinese Democracy '' is a song by the American rock band Guns N ' Roses , and the title track from their sixth studio album of the same name . The song was released as the band 's twenty-first radio single on October 22 , 2008 and was released on the iTunes Store on November 9 , 2008 . It was primarily written by Axl Rose and Josh Freese . It was the band 's first single of original material released since `` Estranged -LRB- 1994 -RRB- '' . " ]

[ 2, 2, 2, 1, 1 ]

[ "Watertown,_Massachusetts", "Middlesex_County,_Massachusetts", "Adams,_New_York", "Watertown_Bridge", "Waterville,_Ohio" ]

[ "The Town of Watertown is a city in Middlesex County , Massachusetts , United States . It is part of the Greater Boston area . The population was 31,915 at the 2010 census . Watertown is one of fourteen Massachusetts municipalities that have applied for , and been granted , city forms of government but wish to retain `` The town of '' in their official names . Watertown is made up of six neighborhoods : Bemis , Brigham -LRB- Brigham Historic District -RRB- , Coolidge Square , East Watertown , Watertown Square and the West End . ", "Middlesex County is a county in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts , in the United States . As of 2014 , the estimated population was 1,570,315 , making it the twenty-third most populous county in the United States , and the most populous county in both Massachusetts and New England . For administrative purposes the county held two regions , Middlesex-North with its county seat in Lowell , and Middlesex-South with its county seat in Cambridge . Middlesex County is included in the Boston -- Cambridge -- Newton , MA -- NH Metropolitan Statistical Area . The county government was abolished in 1997 , but the county boundaries continue to describe a state district for court jurisdictions and for other administrative purposes , such as an indicator for elections . Massachusetts counties also define locations for National Weather Service weather alerts -LRB- such as severe thunderstorm warnings -RRB- . In 2010 , the center of population of Massachusetts was located in Middlesex County , in the town of Natick . ", "Adams is a town in Jefferson County , New York , USA . Named after President John Adams , the population was 5,143 at the 2010 census . The Town of Adams also contains a village named Adams . Both village and town are centrally located in the county and are south of Watertown . ", "The Watertown Bridge is a five-lane traffic bridge over the Charles River , carrying Rt. 16 and Galen Street . It connects Watertown Square on the north side and Watertown Yard on the south side of Watertown , Massachusetts . Pedestrian walkways line each side . ", "Waterville is a city in Lucas County , Ohio , United States , along the Maumee River , a suburb of Toledo . The population was 5,523 at the 2010 census . " ]

[ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Watertown,_Massachusetts", "Middlesex_County,_Massachusetts", "Adams,_New_York", "Watertown_Bridge", "Waterville,_Ohio" ]

[ "The Town of Watertown is a city in Middlesex County , Massachusetts , United States . It is part of the Greater Boston area . The population was 31,915 at the 2010 census . Watertown is one of fourteen Massachusetts municipalities that have applied for , and been granted , city forms of government but wish to retain `` The town of '' in their official names . Watertown is made up of six neighborhoods : Bemis , Brigham -LRB- Brigham Historic District -RRB- , Coolidge Square , East Watertown , Watertown Square and the West End . ", "Middlesex County is a county in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts , in the United States . As of 2014 , the estimated population was 1,570,315 , making it the twenty-third most populous county in the United States , and the most populous county in both Massachusetts and New England . For administrative purposes the county held two regions , Middlesex-North with its county seat in Lowell , and Middlesex-South with its county seat in Cambridge . Middlesex County is included in the Boston -- Cambridge -- Newton , MA -- NH Metropolitan Statistical Area . The county government was abolished in 1997 , but the county boundaries continue to describe a state district for court jurisdictions and for other administrative purposes , such as an indicator for elections . Massachusetts counties also define locations for National Weather Service weather alerts -LRB- such as severe thunderstorm warnings -RRB- . In 2010 , the center of population of Massachusetts was located in Middlesex County , in the town of Natick . ", "Adams is a town in Jefferson County , New York , USA . Named after President John Adams , the population was 5,143 at the 2010 census . The Town of Adams also contains a village named Adams . Both village and town are centrally located in the county and are south of Watertown . ", "The Watertown Bridge is a five-lane traffic bridge over the Charles River , carrying Rt. 16 and Galen Street . It connects Watertown Square on the north side and Watertown Yard on the south side of Watertown , Massachusetts . Pedestrian walkways line each side . ", "Waterville is a city in Lucas County , Ohio , United States , along the Maumee River , a suburb of Toledo . The population was 5,523 at the 2010 census . " ]

[ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "The_Incredibles_2", "Museum_of_Discovery_and_Science", "Fantastic_Treasures_II", "Off_to_See_the_Wizard", "Moby_Dick_and_Mighty_Mightor" ]

[ "The Incredibles 2 is an upcoming 2018 American 3D computer-animated superhero film , and is the sequel to The Incredibles -LRB- 2004 -RRB- . It is in production by Pixar Animation Studios , and will be released by Walt Disney Pictures . It is being written and directed by Brad Bird , the writer and director of the first film . The movie is scheduled to be released on June 15 , 2018 and will be given an IMAX release . ", "The Museum of Discovery and Science is a museum located in Fort Lauderdale , Florida . It is one of the largest museums of its kind in Florida , and has the most visitors of any museum in the state . The museum features its own AutoNation IMAX theater , and shows 3-D IMAX films in which viewers wear special glasses and headsets . The museum also features a number of `` ecoscapes '' , as well as a simulated ride to Mars , a simulated airboat ride in the Everglades and a MaxFlight airplane simulator . Among the more popular aspects of the museum are the quantity and variety of Floridian animal species on display . The public are allowed to get quite close to the animal life such as otters , baby alligators , turtles , and a sea turtle , and the museum frequently has organized animal-centered demonstrations , or more informal meet-and-greets with native and exotic Florida fauna . Other than the animals on display , the Museum of Discovery and Science currently features a Discovery Center for ages 7 and under , Go Green exhibit , Runways to Rockets including airplane simulators and information about space , Powerful You ! exhibit , minerals and rocks on display , games , puzzles , Explore Store , food concessions , and a moving exhibit . The Museum of Discovery and Science moved to its current location in downtown Fort Lauderdale in 1992 . The `` Great Gravity Clock '' in front of the entrance is one of the main features of the museum and is one of only three in the world . The other two are in Japan and Mexico . The museum plays host to birthday parties , -LRB- sea -RRB- turtle walks and camp-ins , and has its own summer camp . The Museum of Discovery and Science also funds a volunteer program that allows children and adults alike to give back to the community . The IMAX theater features a 4980 square foot screen and currently plays both 2-D and 3-D movies . The five-story-high screen is the largest in South Florida . The museum also hosts many special event activities such as the annual `` Food and Wine Gala '' to raise money . ", "Fantastic Treasures II is a supplement for fantasy role-playing games published by Mayfair Games in 1985 . ", "Off to See the Wizard is an American television anthology series , partially animated but mostly live action , produced by MGM Animation/Visual Arts and telecast on ABC-TV between 1967 and 1968 . ", "Moby Dick and Mighty Mightor is a science fiction animated series produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions which ran on CBS from September 9 , 1967 to September 6 , 1969 . Despite Moby 's name coming first , he had only one short per half-hour episode , sandwiched between two with Mightor . The same structure was used the previous season for Frankenstein , Jr. and The Impossibles . " ]

[ 2, 2, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Jed_Whedon", "Willian_Giaretton", "Ronaldinho", "Éder_Monteiro_Fernandes", "Ayrton_Pinheiro_Victor" ]

[ "Jed Tucker Whedon -LRB- born July 18 , 1974 -RRB- is an American screenwriter and musician , and the son of screenwriter Tom Whedon , grandson of screenwriter John Whedon , and the brother of screenwriter Zack Whedon and producer/director/writer Joss Whedon . ", "Willian Giaretton -LRB- born 26 September 1990 -RRB- is a Brazilian rower . He competed in the men 's lightweight double sculls event at the 2016 Summer Olympics . ", "Ronaldo de Assis Moreira -LRB- born 21 March 1980 -RRB- , commonly known as Ronaldinho -LRB- -LSB- ʁonawˈdʒĩɲu -RSB- -RRB- or Ronaldinho Gaúcho , is a Brazilian professional footballer and current club ambassador for Spanish club FC Barcelona after signing for them in September 2016 . His main playing position is as an attacking midfielder or forward . He won the FIFA World Player of the Year award in 2004 and 2005 . Renowned for his technique , tricks , dribbling , overhead kicks , no-look passes and free kicks , Ronaldinho is regarded to be one of the best players of his generation . `` Ronaldinho '' , the lengthened term of endearment for `` Ronaldo '' , is accompanied in Brazilian usage by the nickname `` Gaúcho '' -LRB- since he hails from southern Brazil -RRB- , in order to distinguish him from fellow footballer and countryman Ronaldo , who was known as `` Ronaldinho '' in Brazil beforehand . Ronaldo went by his first name upon his move to Europe , thereby allowing Ronaldinho to drop the `` Gaúcho '' and go by the name Ronaldinho abroad . Ronaldinho has played 97 matches and scored 33 goals for the Brazil national team . He was an integral part of the 2002 FIFA World Cup-winning team in Korea and Japan , starring alongside Ronaldo and Rivaldo in an attacking trio , and was named in the FIFA World Cup All-Star Team . At club level , Ronaldinho played first for the Brazilian club Grêmio before spending the bulk of his career with European clubs Paris Saint-Germain , Barcelona and Milan . He then returned to Brazil to play for Flamengo and Atlético Mineiro before moving to Mexico to play for Querétaro . With Barcelona , he won La Liga twice , the UEFA Champions League in 2006 and accumulated numerous individual awards , including the FIFA World Player of the Year in 2004 and 2005 and the Ballon d'Or in 2005 . Ronaldinho was named in the FIFA 100 , a list of the world 's greatest living players compiled by Pelé , and to the FIFPro World XI from 2005 -- 2007 . ", "Éder Monteiro Fernandes , known as Éder -LRB- born 21 September 1983 in São Paulo -RRB- , is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays for Chennaiyin as a defender . ", "Ayrton Pinheiro Victor -LRB- born 6 May 1994 -RRB- is a Brazilian footballer who currently plays for Swope Park Rangers in United Soccer League . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Ang_Lee", "Eat_Drink_Man_Woman", "Kim_Hamilton", "Janet_Leigh", "Waise_Lee" ]

[ "Ang Lee OBS -LRB- ; born October 23 , 1954 -RRB- is a Taiwanese film director , screenwriter and producer . Lee 's earlier films , such as The Wedding Banquet , Pushing Hands , and Eat Drink Man Woman explored the relationships and conflicts between tradition and modernity , Eastern and Western . Lee also deals with repressed , hidden emotions in many of his films , including Crouching Tiger , Hidden Dragon ; The Ice Storm ; Hulk ; and Brokeback Mountain . Lee 's work is known for its emotional charge , which critics believe is responsible for his success in offsetting cultural barriers and achieving international recognition . ", "Eat Drink Man Woman is a 1994 Taiwanese film directed by Ang Lee and starring Sihung Lung , Yu-wen Wang , Chien-lien Wu , and Kuei-mei Yang . The film was released on August 3 , 1994 , the first of Lee 's films to be both a critical and box office success . In 1994 , the film received the Asia Pacific Film Festival Award for Best Film , and in 1995 it received an Academy Award Nomination for Best Foreign Language Film . The title is a quote from the Book of Rites , one of the Confucian classics , referring to the basic human desires and accepting them as natural . The beginning of the quote reads as follows : `` The things which men greatly desire are comprehended in meat and drink and sexual pleasure ; -LSB- ... -RSB- '' -LRB- Translation by James Legge -RRB- , Chinese : 飲食男女 ， 人之大欲存焉 . Many of the cast members had appeared in Ang Lee 's previous films . Sihung Lung and Ah Lei Gua played central elderly figures dealing with the transition from tradition to modernity in The Wedding Banquet , in which Winston Chao also starred . Sihung Lung played an immigrant father in Pushing Hands . These three films show the tensions between the generations of a Confucian family , between East and West , and between tradition and modernity . They form what has been called Lee 's `` Father Knows Best '' trilogy . ", "Kim Hamilton -LRB- born Dorothy Mae Aiken ; September 12 , 1932 -- September 16 , 2013 -RRB- was an American film and television actress , whose career spanned from the 1950s to the 2010s . Her early film credits included the 1959 film noir Odds Against Tomorrow opposite Harry Belafonte and The Leech Woman in 1960 . Hamilton was one of the first African-American actors to appear on the soap opera Days of Our Lives and was the only African-American to appear in a speaking role on Leave It to Beaver . Hamilton portrayed , in an uncredited role , Helen Robinson in the 1962 film adaptation of To Kill a Mockingbird , based on Harper Lee 's novel of the same name . She was the film 's last surviving African-American adult cast member with a speaking role . ", "Janet Leigh -LRB- born Jeanette Helen Morrison ; July 6 , 1927 -- October 3 , 2004 -RRB- was an American actress , singer , dancer and author . She is best remembered for her performance in Psycho , for which she was awarded the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress and received an Academy Award nomination . She was the first wife of actor Tony Curtis and the mother of Kelly Curtis and Jamie Lee Curtis . Discovered by actress Norma Shearer , Leigh made her acting debut on radio in 1946 and secured a contract with MGM the following year . Early in her career , she appeared in popular films spanning a wide variety of genres , including Act of Violence -LRB- 1948 -RRB- , Little Women -LRB- 1949 -RRB- , Angels in the Outfield -LRB- 1951 -RRB- , Scaramouche -LRB- 1952 -RRB- , The Naked Spur -LRB- 1953 -RRB- and Living It Up -LRB- 1954 -RRB- . She played mostly dramatic roles during the latter half of the 1950s , in such films as Safari -LRB- 1956 -RRB- and Touch of Evil -LRB- 1958 -RRB- , but achieved her most lasting recognition as the doomed Marion Crane in Alfred Hitchcock 's Psycho -LRB- 1960 -RRB- . Her highly publicized marriage to Curtis ended in divorce in 1962 , and after starring in The Manchurian Candidate that same year , Leigh scaled back her career . Intermittently , she continued to appear in notable films , including Bye Bye Birdie -LRB- 1963 -RRB- , Harper -LRB- 1966 -RRB- and Night of the Lepus -LRB- 1972 -RRB- as well as two films with her daughter , Jamie Lee : The Fog -LRB- 1980 -RRB- and Halloween H20 : 20 Years Later -LRB- 1998 -RRB- . She also wrote four books between 1984 and 2002 , including two novels . Leigh died in 2004 at age 77 , following a year-long battle with vasculitis , an inflammation of the blood vessels . Among her survivors was her husband of 42 years , Robert Brandt . ", "Waise Lee Chi-hung -LRB- born 19 December 1959 -RRB- is a Hong Kong film and television actor best known for playing the roles of villains and antagonists in various films . " ]

[ 0, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "Sarah_Hyland", "Sarah-Jane_Potts", "Emilia_Clarke", "Jennifer_Lawrence", "Sarah_Austin_-LRB-Internet_celebrity-RRB-" ]

[ "Sarah Jane Hyland -LRB- born November 24 , 1990 -RRB- is an American actress . Born in New York City , Hyland attended the Professional Performing Arts School in Manhattan , followed by small roles in the films Private Parts -LRB- 1997 -RRB- , Annie -LRB- 1999 -RRB- , and Blind Date -LRB- 2007 -RRB- . She gained her first major role as Haley Dunphy on the ABC sitcom Modern Family , for which she has received critical acclaim and numerous accolades and nominations , sharing four Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series with her cast members and garnering a Critics ' Choice Television Award nomination Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series . Alongside Modern Family , Hyland is also known for her roles in the films Struck by Lightning -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , Scary Movie 5 -LRB- 2013 -RRB- , Vampire Academy -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , and XOXO -LRB- 2016 -RRB- . ", "Sarah-Jane Potts -LRB- born 30 August 1976 -RRB- is an English actress , best known for her roles as Saint -LRB- Sarah -RRB- in Sugar Rush , as Ellie , Abs ' on/off girlfriend on Casualty and as Jo Lipsett in Waterloo Road . Potts is the sister of actor Andrew-Lee Potts . From 2011 , she appeared in Holby City as Senior Nurse Eddi McKee on AAU , playing a different character to the one she played in Casualty . Potts left Holby City in the second episode of Series 15 ; her departure was kept a secret by the production team and was not reported at all by the media , resulting in a shock exit for her character . Early in her career she noted that , `` In the three years I have been acting I have spent most of the time looking dirty , scruffy , ill or tarty . '' ", "Emilia Isabelle Euphemia Rose Clarke -LRB- born 23 October 1986 -RRB- is an English actress . Born in London and brought up in Berkshire , Clarke first gained an interest in acting as a child after seeing the musical Show Boat , on which her father was working as a sound engineer . She was educated at Rye St Antony School , Headington and graduated from secondary school at St. Edward 's in Oxford , where she appeared in two plays , before studying at the Drama Centre London , where she graduated from in 2009 , and appeared in ten different stage productions . Some of her earliest work following graduation included a role in a play by the Company of Angels , two commercials for Samaritans , and a University of London students ' short film . Her television debut came with a guest appearance in an episode of the British soap opera Doctors and she was named as one of the UK Stars of Tomorrow by Screen International magazine for her role in Syfy 's film Triassic Attack -LRB- 2010 -RRB- . Clarke rose to prominence in 2011 for her breakthrough role as Daenerys Targaryen in the HBO series Game of Thrones , a performance that has gained her both critical and popular acclaim . She has been nominated for three Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series -LRB- 2013 , 2015-2016 -RRB- , four Screen Actors Guild Awards -LRB- 2012 , 2014-2016 -RRB- , and two Critics Choice Television Awards for Best Supporting Actress in a Drama Series -LRB- 2013 , 2016 -RRB- , among other numerous accolades . In 2017 , Clarke became one of the highest paid actors on television for earnings of # 2 million per episode of Game of Thrones . Clarke made her Broadway debut as Holly Golightly in a production of Breakfast at Tiffany 's in March 2013 . In 2015 , she was named Esquires Sexiest Woman Alive . She is also known for her starring roles as Sarah Connor in the science fiction film Terminator Genisys -LRB- 2015 -RRB- and as Louisa Clark in the romance film Me Before You -LRB- 2016 -RRB- . In November 2016 she was cast as the female lead in the upcoming Star Wars Han Solo anthology film . ", "Jennifer Shrader Lawrence -LRB- born August 15 , 1990 -RRB- is an American actress . Since 2015 , Lawrence has been the highest-paid actress in the world , and her films have grossed over $ 5.5 billion worldwide . She appeared in Time 100 most influential people in the world in 2013 and Forbes Celebrity 100 the following year and in 2016 . During her childhood , Lawrence performed in church plays and school musicals . When she was 14 , a talent scout spotted her in New York . She then moved to Los Angeles and began her acting career by playing guest roles in television shows . Her first major role came as a main cast member on the sitcom The Bill Engvall Show -LRB- 2007 -- 2009 -RRB- . Lawrence made her film debut with a supporting role in Garden Party -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , and had her breakthrough playing a poverty-stricken teenager in the independent drama Winter 's Bone -LRB- 2010 -RRB- . She achieved wider recognition for playing the mutant Mystique in X-Men : First Class -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , a role she reprised in later installments of the series . Lawrence 's fame continued to grow with her starring role as Katniss Everdeen in the Hunger Games film series -LRB- 2012 -- 2015 -RRB- , which established her as the highest-grossing action heroine of all time . She went on to earn various accolades from her collaborations with director David O. Russell . Her performance as a depressed widow in the romance film Silver Linings Playbook -LRB- 2012 -RRB- received an Academy Award for Best Actress , making her the second youngest Best Actress Oscar winner . Lawrence subsequently won a BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for playing a troubled wife in the black comedy American Hustle -LRB- 2013 -RRB- . She also received Golden Globe Awards for her roles in both of these films and for playing the eponymous inventor in the biopic Joy -LRB- 2015 -RRB- . Lawrence is known in the media for being a vocal advocate of feminism and gender equality , and is the founder of the Jennifer Lawrence Foundation through which she supports various charitable organizations . ", "Sarah Maria Austin -LRB- born 1986 in Rogers , Arkansas ; formerly known by the stage name Sarah Meyers -RRB- is an American Internet personality and entrepreneur . She is the CEO and founder of Broad Listening , an artificial emotional intelligence agent , and the chairperson of the board of directors at Coding FTW , a nonprofit organization that promotes diversity and equal rights in the technology sector through education . Austin produced the web series Party Crashers , where she crashed tech parties , before being selected to lifecast for the Justin.tv test runs . She later went to produce Pop17 , a web series documenting Internet culture . She was also a cast member of the Bravo ! reality series , Start-Ups : Silicon Valley . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "Tennessee", "Miss_Tennessee_Teen_USA", "Kentucky", "Bicentennial_Capitol_Mall_State_Park", "Tennessee_Open" ]

[ "Tennessee -LRB- -LSB- tɛnᵻˈsiː -RSB- -RRB- -LRB- -LSB- ᏔᎾᏏ , translit = Tanasi -RSB- -RRB- is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States . Tennessee is the 36th largest and the 16th most populous of the 50 United States . Tennessee is bordered by Kentucky and Virginia to the north , North Carolina to the east , Georgia , Alabama , and Mississippi to the south , and Arkansas and Missouri to the west . The Appalachian Mountains dominate the eastern part of the state , and the Mississippi River forms the state 's western border . Nashville is the state 's largest city , with a population of 660,388 . Tennessee 's second largest city is Memphis , which has a population of 652,717 . The state of Tennessee is rooted in the Watauga Association , a 1772 frontier pact generally regarded as the first constitutional government west of the Appalachians . What is now Tennessee was initially part of North Carolina , and later part of the Southwest Territory . Tennessee was admitted to the Union as the 16th state on June 1 , 1796 . Tennessee was the last state to leave the Union and join the Confederacy at the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861 . Occupied by Union forces from 1862 , it was the first state to be readmitted to the Union at the end of the war . Tennessee furnished more soldiers for the Confederate Army than any other state besides Virginia , and more soldiers for the Union Army than the rest of the Confederacy combined . Beginning during Reconstruction , it had competitive party politics , but a Democratic takeover in the late 1880s resulted in passage of disfranchisement laws that excluded most blacks and many poor whites from voting . This sharply reduced competition in politics in the state until after passage of civil rights legislation in the mid-20th century . In the 20th century , Tennessee transitioned from an agrarian economy to a more diversified economy , aided by massive federal investment in the Tennessee Valley Authority and , in the early 1940s , the city of Oak Ridge . This city was established to house the Manhattan Project 's uranium enrichment facilities , helping to build the world 's first atomic bomb , which was used during World War II . Tennessee 's major industries include agriculture , manufacturing , and tourism . Poultry , soybeans , and cattle are the state 's primary agricultural products , and major manufacturing exports include chemicals , transportation equipment , and electrical equipment . The Great Smoky Mountains National Park , the nation 's most visited national park , is headquartered in the eastern part of the state , and a section of the Appalachian Trail roughly follows the Tennessee-North Carolina border . Other major tourist attractions include the Tennessee Aquarium in Chattanooga ; Dollywood in Pigeon Forge ; Ripley 's Aquarium of the Smokies and Ober Gatlinburg in Gatlinburg ; the Parthenon , the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum , and Ryman Auditorium in Nashville ; the Jack Daniel 's Distillery in Lynchburg ; Elvis Presley 's Graceland residence and tomb , the Memphis Zoo , and the National Civil Rights Museum in Memphis ; and Bristol Motor Speedway in Bristol . ", "The Miss Tennessee Teen USA competition is the pageant that selects the representative for the state Tennessee in the Miss Teen USA pageant . Tennessee is among the most successful states at Miss Teen USA in terms of number and value of placements . In the 1990s , they were placed first . They have the third -LRB- equal -RRB- highest number of semi-finalist -LRB- or better -RRB- placings and are one of only five states to have received more than three awards . Additionally , Tennessee is one of only three states -LRB- the other two being Oregon and Texas -RRB- to have won the Miss Teen USA title more than once . Five Tennessee teens have gone on to win the Miss Tennessee USA title and compete at Miss USA , including Lynnette Cole , who won the Miss USA title in 2000 and Rachel Smith , Miss USA 2007 . Both Cole and Smith won Miss Photogenic awards at Miss Teen USA , each five years prior to their Miss USA win . This makes Miss Tennessee Teen USA the only state and pageant to have two Miss USAs win the Miss Photogenic award at Miss Teen USA . The pageant has been directed by former Miss Tennessee USA Kimberly Payne Greenwood since 1992 . ", "Kentucky -LRB- -LSB- kənˈtʌki -RSB- , -RRB- , officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky , is a state located in the east south-central region of the United States . Kentucky is one of four U.S. states constituted as a commonwealth -LRB- the others being Virginia , Pennsylvania , and Massachusetts -RRB- . Originally a part of Virginia , in 1792 Kentucky became the 15th state to join the Union . Kentucky is the 37th most extensive and the 26th most populous of the 50 United States . Kentucky is known as the `` Bluegrass State '' , a nickname based on the bluegrass found in many of its pastures due to the fertile soil . One of the major regions in Kentucky is the Bluegrass Region in central Kentucky , which houses two of its major cities , Louisville and Lexington . It is a land with diverse environments and abundant resources , including the world 's longest cave system , Mammoth Cave National Park , the greatest length of navigable waterways and streams in the contiguous United States , and the two largest man-made lakes east of the Mississippi River . Kentucky is also known for horse racing , bourbon distilleries , coal , the historic site My Old Kentucky Home , automobile manufacturing , tobacco , bluegrass music , college basketball , and Kentucky Fried Chicken . ", "Bicentennial Capitol Mall State Park , also known as the Bicentennial Mall , is an urban state park in downtown Nashville , Tennessee . The park is located northwest of the Tennessee State Capitol building and was opened on June 1 , 1996 , to commemorate the 200th anniversary of the establishment of Tennessee 's statehood . ", "The Tennessee Open is the Tennessee state open golf tournament , open to both amateur and professional golfers . It is organized by the Tennessee Golf Association . It has been played annually since 1949 at a variety of courses around the state . " ]

[ 2, 2, 2, 2, 2 ]

[ "Dawood_Ibrahim", "Junaid_Dawood", "Ibrahim_Abdel_Meguid", "Asion_Daja", "İbrahim_Zengin" ]

[ "Dawood Ibrahim -LRB- Marathi : दाऊद इब्राहीम कासकर , born Dawood Ibrahim Kaskar 26 December 1955 -RRB- , known as Dawood Bhai or simply Bhai is a gangster and terrorist originally from Dongri in Mumbai , India . The word `` Bhai '' means `` Big brother '' . In the lingo of the Mumbai underworld , the word `` Bhai '' is attributed to members of the underworld who hold considerable power . He heads the Indian organised crime syndicate D-Company founded in Mumbai . He is currently on the wanted list of Interpol for cheating , criminal conspiracy and running an organised crime syndicate . He was number three on the The World 's 10 Most Wanted . ", "Junaid Dawood -LRB- born 2 October 1996 -RRB- is a South African cricketer . He made his Twenty20 debut for Eastern Province against KwaZulu-Natal in the 2016 Africa T20 Cup on 25 September 2016 . He made his first-class debut for Eastern Province in the 2016 -- 17 Sunfoil 3-Day Cup on 20 October 2016 . He made his List A debut for Eastern Province in the 2016 -- 17 CSA Provincial One-Day Challenge on 15 January 2017 . ", "Ibrahim Abdel Meguid is an award-winning Egyptian novelist and author . He was born in Alexandria in 1946 and studied philosophy at Alexandria University . He obtained his BA in 1973 and moved to Cairo the following year . He published his first novel around the same time . Among his best known works are Birds of Amber , No One Sleeps in Alexandria and The Other Place . These have been translated into English and French . ", "Asion Daja -LRB- born 14 March 1990 in Tiranë -RRB- is an Albanian football player who plays as a midfielder for Tirana in the Albanian Superliga . By signing with Tirana in July 2016 , Daja become one of the few players to have represent all the capital teams . Daja represented Albania at youth levels , playing for the under-17 , -19 and -21 levels . ", "İbrahim Zengin -LRB- born 1931 -RRB- is a Turkish wrestler . He was born in Amasya . He was Olympic silver medalist in Freestyle wrestling in 1956 . He won a bronze medal at the 1951 World Wrestling Championships . " ]

[ 2, 1, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Foot_Locker", "Ballet_shoe", "ABC-Mart", "Sportswear_-LRB-activewear-RRB-", "The_Red_Shoes_-LRB-2010_film-RRB-" ]

[ "Foot Locker Retail , Inc. is an American sportswear and footwear retailer , with its headquarters in Midtown Manhattan , New York City , and operating in 28 countries worldwide . Although established in 1974 , and founded as a separate company in 1988 , Foot Locker is a successor corporation to the F. W. Woolworth Company -LRB- `` Woolworth 's '' -RRB- , as many of its freestanding stores were former Woolworth 's locations . The company operates the eponymous `` Foot Locker '' chain of athletic footwear retail outlets -LRB- along with `` Kids Foot Locker '' and `` Lady Foot Locker '' stores -RRB- , and other athletic-based divisions including Champs Sports , Footaction USA , House of Hoops , and Eastbay/Footlocker . com , which owns the rights to Final Score . The company is also famous for its employees ' uniforms at its flagship Foot Locker chain , resembling those of referees . According to the company 's filings with the SEC , as of January 28 , 2017 , Foot Locker , Inc. had 3,363 primarily mall-based stores in the United States , Canada , Europe , and Asia . ", "A ballet shoe , or ballet slipper , is a lightweight shoe designed specifically for ballet dancing . It may be made from soft leather , canvas , or satin , and has flexible , thin soles . Traditionally , women wear pink shoes and men wear white or black shoes . Tan colored slippers -- which are unobtrusive and thus give the appearance of dancing barefoot -- are worn in modern ballets and sometimes modern dancing by both men and women . Most ballet dancers wear soft ballet slippers for the main part of the ballet class . More advanced female dancers may change into pointe shoes for centre work and performance . Ballet shoes must fit very closely to the foot , for safety and to retain maximum flexibility . ", "ABC-Mart is a Japanese footwear company , founded by Masahiro Miki . It has stores in Japan , Taiwan , and South Korea . In 2012 , ABC bought the American company LaCrosse Footwear , which in turn purchased the US bootmaker Whites Boots in 2014 . ", "Sportswear or activewear is clothing , including footwear , worn for sport or physical exercise . Sport-specific clothing is worn for most sports and physical exercise , for practical , comfort or safety reasons . Typical sport-specific garments include shorts , tracksuits , T-shirts , tennis shirts and polo shirts . Specialized garments include swimsuits -LRB- for swimming -RRB- , wet suits -LRB- for diving or surfing -RRB- , ski suits -LRB- for skiing -RRB- and leotards -LRB- for gymnastics -RRB- . Sports footwear include trainers . It also includes some underwear , such as the jockstrap and sports bra . Sportswear is also at times worn as casual fashion clothing . For most sports the athletes wear a combination of different items of clothing , e.g. sport shoes , pants and shirts . In some sports , protective gear may need to be worn , such as helmets or American football body armour . ", "The Red Shoes is a 2010 Filipino film directed by Raul Jorolan and produced by Unitel . The film uses a non-linear narrative style , using history to frame a tale of lost love and redemption spanning close to three decades , starting in 1981 with the tragic accident in the construction of the Manila Film Center , through to the 1986 People Power Revolution , which ended the 21-year Presidency of Ferdinand Marcos , and finally concluding in 2009 , which finds the major characters of the film facing the consequences of the theft of one of 3,000 pairs of shoes of the First Lady Imelda Marcos . The film won the Special Jury Prize in the 2010 Bogota International Film Festival . It participated in the 2010 Vietnam International Film Festival in Hanoi and the 2010 China Golden Rooster and Hundred Flowers Film Festival . The film was rated `` A '' by the Cinema Evaluation Board of the Philippines and was also cited as Best Picture in the 2010 Catholic Mass Media Awards in the Philippines . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Estonia", "Estonians", "Finland", "North_European_Zone_Formula_3_Cup", "Väinjärv" ]

[ "Estonia -LRB- -LSB- ɛˈstoʊniə -RSB- Eesti -LSB- ˈeːsti -RSB- -RRB- , officially the Republic of Estonia -LRB- -LSB- Eesti Vabariik , links = no -RSB- -RRB- , is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe . It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland , to the west by the Baltic Sea , to the south by Latvia -LRB- 343 km -RRB- , and to the east by Lake Peipus and Russia -LRB- 338.6 km -RRB- . Across the Baltic Sea lies Sweden in the west and Finland in the north . The territory of Estonia consists of a mainland and 2,222 islands and islets in the Baltic Sea , covering 45339 km2 of land and water , and is influenced by a humid continental climate . The territory of Estonia has been inhabited since at least 6500 BC , with Finno-Ugric speakers -- the linguistic ancestors of modern Estonians -- arriving no later than around 1800 BC . Following centuries of successive German , Danish , Swedish , and Russian rule , Estonians experienced a national awakening that culminated in independence from the Russian Empire towards the end of World War I . During World War II , Estonia was occupied by the Soviet Union in 1940 , then by Nazi Germany a year later and was again annexed by the Soviets in 1944 , after which it was reconstituted as the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic . In 1988 , during the Singing Revolution , the Estonian Supreme Soviet issued the Estonian Sovereignty Declaration in defiance of Soviet rule , and independence was restored on 20 August 1991 . Estonia is a democratic parliamentary republic divided into fifteen counties . Its capital and largest city is Tallinn . With a population of 1.3 million , it is one of the least-populous member states of the European Union , Eurozone , North Atlantic Treaty Organization -LRB- NATO -RRB- , OECD and Schengen Area . Ethnic Estonians are a Finnic people , sharing close cultural ties with their northern neighbour , Finland , and the official language , Estonian , is a Finno-Ugric language closely related to Finnish and the Sami languages , and distantly to Hungarian . Estonia is a developed country with an advanced , high-income economy that is among the fastest growing in the EU . Its Human Development Index ranks very highly , and it performs favourably in measurements of economic freedom , civil liberties and press freedom -LRB- 3rd in the world in 2012 and 2007 -RRB- . The 2015 PISA test places Estonian high school students 3rd in the world , behind Singapore and Japan . Citizens of Estonia are provided with universal health care , free education and the longest paid maternity leave in the OECD . Since independence the country has rapidly developed its IT sector , becoming one of the world 's most digitally advanced societies . In 2005 Estonia became the first nation to hold elections over the Internet , and in 2014 the first nation to provide E-residency . ", "Estonians -LRB- eestlased -RRB- are a Finnic ethnic group related to the Finns that mainly inhabit Estonia , a country located south of Finland and the Finnish Gulf . Their national language belongs to Finnic branch and is known as Estonian -LRB- eesti keel -RRB- . Although Estonia is often geopolitically categorized as one of the Baltics , Estonians are linguistically , culturally and historically related to the neighboring Finns -- both belonging to the Finnic people -- differing from the non-Finnic Indo-European speaking Baltic peoples of Latvia and Lithuania . ", "Finland -LRB- -LSB- ˈfɪnlənd -RSB- Suomi -LSB- suomi -RSB- ; Finland -LSB- ˈfɪnland -RSB- -RRB- , officially the Republic of Finland , is a sovereign state in Northern Europe . A peninsula with the Gulf of Finland to the south and the Gulf of Bothnia to the west , the country has land borders with Sweden to the northwest , Norway to the north , and Russia to the east . Estonia is south of the country across the Gulf of Finland . Finland is a Nordic country situated in the geographical region of Fennoscandia , which also includes Scandinavia . Finland 's population is 5.5 million -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , and the majority of the population is concentrated in the southern region . 88.7 % of the population is Finnish people who speak Finnish , a Uralic language unrelated to the Scandinavian languages ; the second major group are the Finland-Swedes -LRB- 5.3 % -RRB- . In terms of area , it is the eighth largest country in Europe and the most sparsely populated country in the European Union . Finland is a parliamentary republic with a central government based in the capital Helsinki , local governments in 311 municipalities , and an autonomous region , the Åland Islands . Over 1.4 million people live in the Greater Helsinki metropolitan area , which produces a third of the country 's GDP . From the late 12th century , Finland was an integral part of Sweden , a legacy reflected in the prevalence of the Swedish language and its official status . In the spirit of the notion of Adolf Ivar Arwidsson -LRB- 1791 -- 1858 -RRB- , `` we are not Swedes , we do not want to become Russians , let us therefore be Finns '' , the Finnish national identity started to become established . Nevertheless , in 1809 , Finland was incorporated into the Russian Empire as the autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland . In 1906 , Finland became the second nation in the world to give the right to vote to all adult citizens and the first in the world to give all adult citizens the right to run for public office . Following the 1917 Russian Revolution , Finland declared itself independent . In 1918 , the fledgling state was divided by civil war , with the Bolshevik-leaning `` Reds '' supported by the equally new Soviet Russia , fighting the `` Whites '' , supported by the German Empire . After a brief attempt to establish a kingdom , the country became a republic . During World War II , the Soviet Union sought repeatedly to occupy Finland , with Finland losing parts of Karelia , Salla and Kuusamo , Petsamo and some islands , but retaining independence . Finland joined the United Nations in 1955 and established an official policy of neutrality . The Finno-Soviet Treaty of 1948 gave the Soviet Union some leverage in Finnish domestic politics during the Cold War era . Finland joined the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development -LRB- OECD -RRB- in 1969 , the NATO Partnership for Peace on 1994 , the European Union in 1995 , the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council in 1997 , and finally the Eurozone at its inception , in 1999 . Finland was a relative latecomer to industrialization , remaining a largely agrarian country until the 1950s . It rapidly developed an advanced economy while building an extensive Nordic-style welfare state , resulting in widespread prosperity and one of the highest per capita incomes in the world . However , Finnish GDP growth has been negative in 2012 -- 2014 -LRB- − 0.698 % to − 1.426 % -RRB- , with a preceding nadir of − 8 % in 2009 . Finland is a top performer in numerous metrics of national performance , including education , economic competitiveness , civil liberties , quality of life , and human development . In 2015 , Finland was ranked first in the World Human Capital and the Press Freedom Index , and as the most stable country in the world during 2011 -- 2016 in the Fragile States Index , and second in the Global Gender Gap Report . A large majority of Finns are members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church , though freedom of religion is guaranteed under the Finnish Constitution . ", "The North European Zone Formula 3 Cup , also known as the NEZ Formula 3 Cup , is an open wheel racing series based in Northern Europe . The series ran from 2008 to 2009 . The NEZ member counties are Denmark , Estonia , Finland , Iceland , Lithuania , Latvia , Norway , Russia and Sweden . ", "Väinjärv is a lake of Estonia . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 0 ]

[ "Aeneid", "Aeneas", "Aeschylus_of_Alexandria", "Dido_and_Aeneas", "Anchises" ]

[ "The Aeneid -LRB- -LSB- ᵻˈniːɪd -RSB- Aeneis -LSB- ae̯ˈneːɪs -RSB- -RRB- is a Latin epic poem , written by Virgil between 29 and 19 BC , that tells the legendary story of Aeneas , a Trojan who travelled to Italy , where he became the ancestor of the Romans . It comprises 9,896 lines in dactylic hexameter . The first six of the poem 's twelve books tell the story of Aeneas 's wanderings from Troy to Italy , and the poem 's second half tells of the Trojans ' ultimately victorious war upon the Latins , under whose name Aeneas and his Trojan followers are destined to be subsumed . The hero Aeneas was already known to Greco-Roman legend and myth , having been a character in the Iliad . Virgil took the disconnected tales of Aeneas 's wanderings , his vague association with the foundation of Rome and a personage of no fixed characteristics other than a scrupulous pietas , and fashioned this into a compelling founding myth or national epic that at once tied Rome to the legends of Troy , explained the Punic Wars , glorified traditional Roman virtues , and legitimized the Julio-Claudian dynasty as descendants of the founders , heroes , and gods of Rome and Troy . The Aeneid is widely regarded as Virgil 's masterpiece and one of the greatest works of Latin literature . ", "In Greco-Roman mythology , Aeneas -LRB- -LSB- ᵻˈniːəs -RSB- Greek : Αἰνείας , Aineías , possibly derived from Greek αἰνή meaning `` praised '' -RRB- was a Trojan hero , the son of the prince Anchises and the goddess Venus -LRB- Aphrodite -RRB- . His father was a first cousin of King Priam of Troy -LRB- both being grandsons of Ilus , founder of Troy -RRB- , making Aeneas a second cousin to Priam 's children -LRB- such as Hector and Paris -RRB- . He is a character in Greek mythology and is mentioned in Homer 's Iliad . Aeneas receives full treatment in Roman mythology , most extensively in Virgil 's Aeneid , where he is an ancestor of Romulus and Remus . He became the first true hero of Rome . Snorri Sturluson identifies him with the Norse Æsir Vidarr . ", "Aeschylus of Alexandria -LRB- Greek Αισχύλος ὁ Ἀλεξανδρεύς -RRB- was an epic poet who must have lived before the end of the 2nd century , and whom Athenaeus calls a well-informed man . One of his poems bore the title `` Amphitryon , '' and another `` Messeniaca . '' A fragment of the former is preserved in Athenaeus . According to Zenobius , he had also written a work on proverbs . ", "Dido and Aeneas -LRB- Z. 626 -RRB- is an opera in a prologue and three acts , written by the English Baroque composer Henry Purcell with a libretto by Nahum Tate . The dates of the composition and first performance of the opera are uncertain . It was composed no later than July 1688 , and had been performed at Josias Priest 's girls ' school in London by the end of 1689 . Some scholars argue for a date of composition as early as 1683 . The story is based on Book IV of Virgil 's Aeneid . It recounts the love of Dido , Queen of Carthage , for the Trojan hero Aeneas , and her despair when he abandons her . A monumental work in Baroque opera , Dido and Aeneas is remembered as one of Purcell 's foremost theatrical works . It was also Purcell 's only true opera , as well as his only all-sung dramatic work . One of the earliest known English operas , it owes much to John Blow 's Venus and Adonis , both in structure and in overall effect . The influence of Cavalli 's opera Didone is also apparent . ", "In Greek mythology , Anchises -LRB- -LSB- ænˈkaɪsiːz -RSB- or -LSB- æŋˈkaɪsiːz -RSB- ; , -LSB- aŋkʰi͜ísɛ͜ɛs -RSB- -RRB- was the son of Capys and Themiste -LRB- daughter of Ilus , who was son of Tros -RRB- . He was the father of Aeneas and a member of the royal family of Troy . His major claim to fame in Greek mythology is that he was a mortal lover of the goddess Aphrodite -LRB- and in Roman mythology , the lover of Venus -RRB- . One version is that Aphrodite pretended to be a Phrygian princess and seduced him . She later revealed herself and informed him that they would have a son named Aeneas . Aphrodite had warned him that if he boasted of the affair , he would be blasted by the thunderbolt of Zeus . He did not heed her warning and was struck with a thunderbolt , which in different versions either blinds him or kills him . The principal early narrative of Aphrodite 's seduction of Anchises and the birth of Aeneas is the Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite . According to the Bibliotheca , Anchises and Aphrodite had another son , Lyrus , who died childless . He later had a mortal wife named Eriopis , according to the scholiasts , and he is credited with other children beside Aeneas and Lyrus . Homer , in the Iliad , mentions a daughter named Hippodameia , their eldest -LRB- `` the darling of her father and mother '' -RRB- , who married her cousin Alcathous . After the defeat of Troy in the Trojan War , the elderly Anchises was carried from the burning city by his son Aeneas , accompanied by Aeneas ' wife Creusa , who died in the escape attempt , and small son Ascanius . The subject is depicted in several paintings , including a famous version by Federico Barocci in the Galleria Borghese in Rome . The rescue is also mentioned in a speech in Shakespeare 's Julius Caesar when Cassius attempts to persuade Brutus to murder Caesar . Anchises himself died and was buried in Sicily many years later . Aeneas later visited Hades and saw his father again in the Elysian Fields . Homer 's Iliad mentions another Anchises , a wealthy native of Sicyon in Greece and father of Echepolus . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 2 ]

[ "Aeneid", "Aeneas", "Aeschylus_of_Alexandria", "Dido_and_Aeneas", "Anchises" ]

[ "The Aeneid -LRB- -LSB- ᵻˈniːɪd -RSB- Aeneis -LSB- ae̯ˈneːɪs -RSB- -RRB- is a Latin epic poem , written by Virgil between 29 and 19 BC , that tells the legendary story of Aeneas , a Trojan who travelled to Italy , where he became the ancestor of the Romans . It comprises 9,896 lines in dactylic hexameter . The first six of the poem 's twelve books tell the story of Aeneas 's wanderings from Troy to Italy , and the poem 's second half tells of the Trojans ' ultimately victorious war upon the Latins , under whose name Aeneas and his Trojan followers are destined to be subsumed . The hero Aeneas was already known to Greco-Roman legend and myth , having been a character in the Iliad . Virgil took the disconnected tales of Aeneas 's wanderings , his vague association with the foundation of Rome and a personage of no fixed characteristics other than a scrupulous pietas , and fashioned this into a compelling founding myth or national epic that at once tied Rome to the legends of Troy , explained the Punic Wars , glorified traditional Roman virtues , and legitimized the Julio-Claudian dynasty as descendants of the founders , heroes , and gods of Rome and Troy . The Aeneid is widely regarded as Virgil 's masterpiece and one of the greatest works of Latin literature . ", "In Greco-Roman mythology , Aeneas -LRB- -LSB- ᵻˈniːəs -RSB- Greek : Αἰνείας , Aineías , possibly derived from Greek αἰνή meaning `` praised '' -RRB- was a Trojan hero , the son of the prince Anchises and the goddess Venus -LRB- Aphrodite -RRB- . His father was a first cousin of King Priam of Troy -LRB- both being grandsons of Ilus , founder of Troy -RRB- , making Aeneas a second cousin to Priam 's children -LRB- such as Hector and Paris -RRB- . He is a character in Greek mythology and is mentioned in Homer 's Iliad . Aeneas receives full treatment in Roman mythology , most extensively in Virgil 's Aeneid , where he is an ancestor of Romulus and Remus . He became the first true hero of Rome . Snorri Sturluson identifies him with the Norse Æsir Vidarr . ", "Aeschylus of Alexandria -LRB- Greek Αισχύλος ὁ Ἀλεξανδρεύς -RRB- was an epic poet who must have lived before the end of the 2nd century , and whom Athenaeus calls a well-informed man . One of his poems bore the title `` Amphitryon , '' and another `` Messeniaca . '' A fragment of the former is preserved in Athenaeus . According to Zenobius , he had also written a work on proverbs . ", "Dido and Aeneas -LRB- Z. 626 -RRB- is an opera in a prologue and three acts , written by the English Baroque composer Henry Purcell with a libretto by Nahum Tate . The dates of the composition and first performance of the opera are uncertain . It was composed no later than July 1688 , and had been performed at Josias Priest 's girls ' school in London by the end of 1689 . Some scholars argue for a date of composition as early as 1683 . The story is based on Book IV of Virgil 's Aeneid . It recounts the love of Dido , Queen of Carthage , for the Trojan hero Aeneas , and her despair when he abandons her . A monumental work in Baroque opera , Dido and Aeneas is remembered as one of Purcell 's foremost theatrical works . It was also Purcell 's only true opera , as well as his only all-sung dramatic work . One of the earliest known English operas , it owes much to John Blow 's Venus and Adonis , both in structure and in overall effect . The influence of Cavalli 's opera Didone is also apparent . ", "In Greek mythology , Anchises -LRB- -LSB- ænˈkaɪsiːz -RSB- or -LSB- æŋˈkaɪsiːz -RSB- ; , -LSB- aŋkʰi͜ísɛ͜ɛs -RSB- -RRB- was the son of Capys and Themiste -LRB- daughter of Ilus , who was son of Tros -RRB- . He was the father of Aeneas and a member of the royal family of Troy . His major claim to fame in Greek mythology is that he was a mortal lover of the goddess Aphrodite -LRB- and in Roman mythology , the lover of Venus -RRB- . One version is that Aphrodite pretended to be a Phrygian princess and seduced him . She later revealed herself and informed him that they would have a son named Aeneas . Aphrodite had warned him that if he boasted of the affair , he would be blasted by the thunderbolt of Zeus . He did not heed her warning and was struck with a thunderbolt , which in different versions either blinds him or kills him . The principal early narrative of Aphrodite 's seduction of Anchises and the birth of Aeneas is the Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite . According to the Bibliotheca , Anchises and Aphrodite had another son , Lyrus , who died childless . He later had a mortal wife named Eriopis , according to the scholiasts , and he is credited with other children beside Aeneas and Lyrus . Homer , in the Iliad , mentions a daughter named Hippodameia , their eldest -LRB- `` the darling of her father and mother '' -RRB- , who married her cousin Alcathous . After the defeat of Troy in the Trojan War , the elderly Anchises was carried from the burning city by his son Aeneas , accompanied by Aeneas ' wife Creusa , who died in the escape attempt , and small son Ascanius . The subject is depicted in several paintings , including a famous version by Federico Barocci in the Galleria Borghese in Rome . The rescue is also mentioned in a speech in Shakespeare 's Julius Caesar when Cassius attempts to persuade Brutus to murder Caesar . Anchises himself died and was buried in Sicily many years later . Aeneas later visited Hades and saw his father again in the Elysian Fields . Homer 's Iliad mentions another Anchises , a wealthy native of Sicyon in Greece and father of Echepolus . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 2 ]

[ "One_True_Thing", "So_Real_-LRB-album-RRB-", "A_Very_Natural_Thing", "To_the_Ones_We_Love-COLON-_A_True_Story", "Candy_-LRB-Mandy_Moore_song-RRB-" ]

[ "One True Thing is a 1998 American drama film directed by Carl Franklin . It tells the story of a woman who is forced to put her life on hold in order to care for her mother who is dying of cancer . It was adapted by Karen Croner from the novel by Anna Quindlen . The novel and film are based on Anna Quindlen 's real life and her struggle of dealing with the death of her mother , Prudence Pantano Quindlen in 1972 , due to ovarian cancer . The film stars Meryl Streep , Renée Zellweger , William Hurt and Tom Everett Scott . Bette Midler sings the lead song , `` My One True Friend '' , over the end credits . The track was first released on Midler 's 1998 album Bathhouse Betty . It was shot in Morristown , NJ , Maplewood , NJ , as well as in Princeton University . ", "So Real is the debut studio album by American pop singer Mandy Moore . The album was released on December 7 , 1999 , in the United States by Epic Records . The album 's lyrical and visual representations maintained the common theme of virginal innocence in the late 1990s teen pop revival . The album was released mainly due to the success of teen artists Britney Spears and Christina Aguilera , who released their debut albums that same year to commercial success . So Real became a moderate hit in the United States , reaching a peak of 31 on the Billboard 200 albums chart , as well as being certified Platinum by the RIAA , for shipments of over 1 million . The album spawned a Top 40 hit with `` Candy '' and went gold within three months in the RIAA , although such success was considered trivial compared to the overwhelming popularity of teen pop 's biggest stars at the time . ", "A Very Natural Thing is a 1974 film about a gay man named David who leaves a monastery to become a public school teacher by day , while looking for true love in a gay bar by night . It was one of the first films about gay relationships intended for mainstream , commercial distribution . The original title of the film was For as Long as Possible . It was directed by Christopher Larkin and was released to lukewarm reviews in 1973 and given an R rating by the Motion Picture Association of America . ", "To the Ones We Love : A True Story is the third and final album by Of Blessings and Burdens . The entire album was posted online by Dave Marcus on March 11 , 2009 in order to make it more accessible to past and present fans of the band . The downloads are available at this web site . ", "`` Candy '' is a song by American singer Mandy Moore . It served as Moore 's debut single and opening track from her 1999 debut studio album , So Real . Written and composed by Denise Rich , Dave Katz , Denny Kleiman and produced by Jive Jones , Tony Battaglia , Shaun Fisher , `` Candy '' was released on August 17 , 1999 , by Epic Records . The song stands as a classic example of a teen pop song from the late 1990s/early 2000s . Record labels began riding the wave of teen-oriented pop music , which would result in a huge phenomenon sweeping the globe , including young female singers such as Moore , Britney Spears , Jessica Simpson , and Christina Aguilera . The music video , which was directed by Chris Robinson , had a cameo by the girl group PYT . The song was part of Now That 's What I Call Music ! 4 in July 2000 and MTV 's Fantastic Females Vol . 2 in the early 2000s , though strictly on the Asian Release . Tiffany Giardina recorded a cover of this song in 2008 for her album No Average Angel , which was released in 2009 . Her version has faster tempo and was performed in upbeat pop rock and bubblegum pop style . " ]

[ 1, 0, 0, 0, 1 ]

[ "Temple_of_the_Dog_-LRB-album-RRB-", "Temple_of_the_Dog", "Dogwood_-LRB-album-RRB-", "A_Graveyard_of_Empty_Bottles", "I_Remember_You_-LRB-Templeton_Thompson_album-RRB-" ]

[ "Temple of the Dog is the only studio album by the American rock band Temple of the Dog , released on April 16 , 1991 , through A&M Records . The album is a tribute to Andrew Wood , the former lead singer of Malfunkshun and Mother Love Bone , who died on March 19 , 1990 , of a heroin overdose . The album has been certified platinum by the RIAA in the United States . ", "Temple of the Dog was an American rock band that formed in Seattle , Washington in 1990 . It was conceived by vocalist Chris Cornell of Soundgarden as a tribute to his friend , the late Andrew Wood , lead singer of the bands Malfunkshun and Mother Love Bone . The line-up includes Stone Gossard on rhythm guitar , Jeff Ament on bass guitar -LRB- both ex-members of Mother Love Bone -RRB- , Mike McCready on lead guitar , and Matt Cameron on drums . Eddie Vedder appeared as a guest to provide some lead and backing vocals . The band released its only album , the self-titled Temple of the Dog , in April 1991 through A&M Records . The recording sessions took place in November and December 1990 at London Bridge Studios , in Seattle , Washington with producer Rakesh `` Rick '' Parashar . Although earning praise from music critics at the time of its release , the album was not widely recognized until 1992 , when Vedder , Ament , Gossard , and McCready had their breakthrough with Pearl Jam . The band toured in 2016 in celebration of the 25th anniversary of their self-titled album . ", "Dogwood is the third full-length album by San Diego punk band Dogwood . It was self-recorded and self-released in 1998 and mainly sold by the band at shows or found at the local San Diego music stores Music Trader or Lou 's records . The song Preschool days was rerecorded for this release at the suggestion of Warner Bros. records who were courting the band at the time . The tracks Never Die and Suffer were removed from the future rerelease This Is Not A New Album at the request of Tooth & Nail Records . ", "A Graveyard of Empty Bottles is rock not the band The Dogs D'Amour 's third studio album , it was a stand-alone EP released in 1989 . The album is the first of the band 's full-length albums to enter the UK Albums Chart top 100 , reaching # 16 . The album itself did n't actually spawn any singles , even though it was the Dogs D'Amour 's highest ever charting release . All guitars on the album are acoustic . The album was also released in a limited edition 10 '' vinyl format . ", "I Remember You is the first studio album from independent Nashville singer-songwriter , Templeton Thompson . The album was released in May 2003 through Templeton 's imprint , Reve Records . The album was re-released on September 25 , 2010 to benefit the Proud Spirit Horse Sanctuary . The original version featured twelve tracks . When re-released three bonus tracks were added including , `` They Ca n't Hurt You Now , '' `` I Love To Run , '' and `` Never Be the Same . '' " ]

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[ "List_of_companies_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda", "Antigua", "Antigua_and_Barbuda", "West_Indies", "All_Saints,_Antigua_and_Barbuda" ]

[ "Antigua and Barbuda is a twin-island country in the Americas , lying between the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean . It consists of two major inhabited islands , Antigua and Barbuda , and a number of smaller islands -LRB- including Great Bird , Green , Guinea , Long , Maiden and York Islands and further south , the island of Redonda -RRB- . The permanent population numbers about 81,800 -LRB- at the 2011 Census -RRB- and the capital and largest port and city is St. John 's , on Antigua . Tourism dominates the economy , accounting for more than half of the Gross Domestic Product -LRB- GDP -RRB- . Antigua is famous for its many luxury resorts . Investment banking and financial services also make up an important part of the economy . ", "Antigua -LRB- -LSB- ænˈtiːɡə -RSB- -RRB- , also known as Waladli or Wadadli by the native population , is an island in the West Indies . It is one of the Leeward Islands in the Caribbean region and the main island of the country of Antigua and Barbuda . Antigua and Barbuda became an independent state within the Commonwealth of Nations on 1 November 1981 . Antigua means `` ancient '' in Spanish after an icon in Seville Cathedral , `` Santa Maria de la Antigua '' -- St. Mary of the Old Cathedral . The name Waladli comes from the indigenous inhabitants and means approximately `` our own '' . The island 's circumference is roughly 87 km and its area 281 km2 . Its population was 80,161 -LRB- at the 2011 Census -RRB- . The economy is mainly reliant on tourism , with the agricultural sector serving the domestic market . Over 32,000 people live in the capital city , St. John 's , at . The capital is situated in the north-west and has a deep harbour which is able to accommodate large cruise ships . Other leading population settlements are All Saints -LRB- 3,412 -RRB- and Liberta -LRB- 2,239 -RRB- , according to the 2001 census . English Harbour on the south-eastern coast is famed for its protected shelter during violent storms . It is the site of a restored British colonial naval station called `` Nelson 's Dockyard '' after Captain Horatio Nelson . Today English Harbour and the neighbouring village of Falmouth are internationally famous as a yachting and sailing destination and provisioning centre . During Antigua Sailing Week , at the end of April and beginning of May , the annual world-class regatta brings many sailing vessels and sailors to the island to play sports . ", "Antigua and Barbuda -LRB- -LSB- ænˈtiːɡə_ənd_bɑːrˈbjuːdə -RSB- ;-RRB- is a twin-island country in the Americas , lying between the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean . It consists of two major inhabited islands , Antigua and Barbuda , and a number of smaller islands -LRB- including Great Bird , Green , Guinea , Long , Maiden and York Islands and further south , the island of Redonda -RRB- . The permanent population numbers about 81,800 -LRB- at the 2011 Census -RRB- and the capital and largest port and city is St. John 's , on Antigua . Separated by a few nautical miles , Antigua and Barbuda are in the middle of the Leeward Islands , part of the Lesser Antilles , roughly at 17 ° N of the equator . The country 's name was given by Christopher Columbus in 1493 after discovering the island , in honor of the Virgin of La Antigua in the Seville Cathedral . The country is nicknamed `` Land of 365 Beaches '' due to the many beaches surrounding the islands . Its governance , language , and culture have all been strongly influenced by the British Empire , of which the country was formerly a part . ", "The West Indies or Caribbean Basin is a region of the North Atlantic Ocean in the Caribbean , that includes the island nations and surrounding waters of three major archipelagoes : the Greater Antilles , the Lesser Antilles and the Lucayan Archipelago . The region is known as the area running from Florida westward along the Gulf Coast , then south along the Mexican coast through Central America and then eastward across the northern coast of South America . Bermuda is also included within the region even though it is in the west-central Atlantic , due to its common cultural history created by European colonization of the region , and in most of the region by the presence of a significant group of African descent . Indigenous peoples were the first inhabitants of the West Indies . In 1492 , Christopher Columbus became the first European to arrive at the islands , where he is believed by historians to have first stepped foot in the Bahamas . After the first of the voyages of Christopher Columbus to the Americas , Europeans began to use the term West Indies to distinguish the region from the East Indies of South Asia and Southeast Asia . ", "All Saints is the second largest town in Antigua and Barbuda , with a population of 3,412 . It is located in the middle of Antigua , at . Just 5 miles SE of here is the capital , St. John 's . Within the vicinity of the town is Betty 's Hope , the first large-scale sugarcane plantation in Antigua . Betty 's Hope was built in 1674 by Sir Christopher Codrington , the namesake of Codrington , and was named for his daughter , Elizabeth Codrington . The only remaining structures are two stone sugar mills and the remains of the stillhouse , though its important role in Antigua 's history has inspired its government to turn it into an open-air museum . The area around All Saints is known for its traditional pottery . Potter 's Village , a nearby settlement , is named after it . " ]

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[ "History_of_Scandinavia", "Scandinavia", "Lille_Vildmose", "Teviotdale_cheese", "Cantabrian_cream_cheese" ]

[ "The history of Scandinavia is the history of the region of northern Europe comprising Denmark , Norway , and Sweden . Finland and Iceland are at times considered part of Scandinavia . ", "Scandinavia -LSB- ˌskændɪˈneɪviə -RSB- is a historical and cultural region in Northern Europe characterized by a common ethnocultural North Germanic heritage and mutually intelligible North Germanic languages . The term Scandinavia always includes the three kingdoms of Denmark , Norway , and Sweden . The remote Norwegian islands of Svalbard and Jan Mayen are usually not seen as a part of Scandinavia , nor is Greenland , an overseas territory of Denmark . However , the Faroe Islands , also a Danish overseas territory , are sometimes included , as sometimes are Iceland , Finland , and the Finnish autonomous region of the Åland Islands , because of their historical association with the Scandinavian countries and the Scandinavian peoples and languages . This looser definition almost equates to that of the Nordic countries . In Nordic languages , only Denmark , Norway and Sweden are commonly included in the definition of Scandinavia . In English usage , Scandinavia sometimes refers to the geographical area , also known as the Scandinavian Peninsula . The name Scandinavia originally referred vaguely to the formerly Danish , now Swedish , region Scania . The terms Scandinavia and Scandinavian entered usage in the late 18th century as terms for Denmark , Norway and Sweden , their Germanic majority peoples and associated language and culture , the term being introduced by the early linguistic and cultural Scandinavist movement . The majority of the population of Scandinavia are descended from several -LRB- North -RRB- Germanic tribes who originally inhabited the southern part of Scandinavia and spoke a Germanic language that evolved into Old Norse . Icelanders and the Faroese are to a significant extent descended from the Norse , and are therefore often seen as Scandinavian . Finland is mainly populated by Finns , with a minority of approximately 5 % of Swedish speakers . A small minority of Sami people live in the extreme north of Scandinavia . The Danish , Norwegian and Swedish languages form a dialect continuum and are known as the Scandinavian languages -- all of which are considered mutually intelligible with one another . Faroese and Icelandic , sometimes referred to as insular Scandinavian languages , are intelligible in continental Scandinavian languages only to a limited extent . Finnish and Meänkieli are closely related to each other and more distantly to the Sami languages , but are entirely unrelated to the Scandinavian languages . Apart from these , German , Yiddish and Romani are recognized minority languages in Scandinavia . The southern and by far most populous regions of Scandinavia have a temperate climate . Scandinavia extends north of the Arctic Circle , but has relatively mild weather for its latitude due to the Gulf Stream . Much of the Scandinavian mountains have an alpine tundra climate . There are many lakes and moraines , legacies of the last glacial period , which ended about ten millennia ago . ", "Lille Vildmose -LRB- meaning : `` little wild bog '' -RRB- is a raised bog also known as the East Himmerland Moor in the hinterland in the municipalities of Aalborg and Mariagerfjord , Denmark . It is reported to be the largest raised bog in north-western Europe . The bog is a remnant of heathland that once extended south from Limfjorden to Rold Forest . ", "Teviotdale is a full fat hard cheese produced in the area of Teviotdale on the border lands between Scotland and England , within a radius of 90km from the summit of Peel Fell in the Cheviot Hills . The cheese is produced from the milk of the Jersey cattle . There are no known current producers of this cheese . ", "Cantabrian cream cheese -LRB- Spanish : Queso de nata de Cantabria -RRB- is made from the milk of Friesian cows in Cantabria , an autonomous community in northern Spain . The cheese has a Protected Designation of Origin since 1985 . The production of the cheese is confined to all parts of Cantabria , except the areas of Tresviso and Menor de Bejes in the western part of the region . It is presented in forms of various weights from 400 -- 2,800 g -LRB- 14 ounces -- 6 lbs -RRB- . The size of the forms varies according to the weight . " ]

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