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nikchar

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retrieval_verification_roberta

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[ "Saw_II", "Walt_Disney_Treasures-COLON-_Wave_Four", "Walt_Disney_Treasures", "Macintosh_IIsi", "DVD" ]

[ "Saw II is a 2005 American horror film , a sequel to 2004 's Saw and the second installment in the seven-part Saw franchise , directed and co-written by Darren Lynn Bousman . Co-written with series creator Leigh Whannell , it stars Donnie Wahlberg , Franky G , Glenn Plummer , Beverley Mitchell , Dina Meyer , Emmanuelle Vaugier , Erik Knudsen , Shawnee Smith , and Tobin Bell . The film features Jigsaw being apprehended by the police , but trapping the arresting officer in one of his own games while showing another game of eight people -- including the officer 's son -- in progress on TV monitors at another location . It also explores some of John Kramer 's backstory , providing a partial explanation of his reason for becoming Jigsaw . After the financial success of Saw , a sequel was immediately green-lit . Leigh Whannell and James Wan were busy preparing for their next film and were unable to write or direct . Bousman wrote a script called The Desperate before Saw was released and was looking for a producer but many studios rejected it . Hoffman received the script and showed it to his partners Mark Burg and Oren Koules . It was decided that , with some changes , it could be made into Saw II . Whannell became available to provide rewrites of the script . The film was given a larger budget and was shot from May to June 2005 in Toronto . Saw II was released on October 28 , 2005 and , despite mixed reviews from critics , was a financial success , with opening takings of $ 31.9 million and grossing $ 88 million in the United States and Canada . It has remained the highest grossing Saw film in those countries . Bell was nominated for `` Best Villain '' at the 2006 MTV Movie Awards for his role as Jigsaw in the film . Saw II was released to DVD on and topped charts its first week , selling more than 3 million units . At the time , it was the fastest-selling theatrical DVD in Lionsgate 's history . It was followed by Saw III which released October 2006 . ", "The fourth wave of Walt Disney Treasures was released December 7 , 2004 . This is the only wave that comes in White cases , and is the final wave that is in double DVD cases . Starting with this wave , the side strap was replaced with seal wrap with stickers and the back was no longer printed on the tin but included as a card glued to the back . ", "Walt Disney Treasures is a series of two-disc DVD collections of classic Disney cartoons , television episodes and other material . They cover material from the studio 's earliest days to their more recent work.There were nine waves , each containing two , three or four different sets , for a total of 30 titles . All content presented uncensored , unedited and uncut with digitally restored picture and remastered sound -LRB- except where noted on individual titles -RRB- . The first wave was released to Region 1 DVD on December 4 , 2001 , as a part of Walt Disney 's 100th birthday . They were sold in limited quantities . The numbered units are largely commercially unavailable . Only a handful of these titles have been sold outside Region 1 . Each title has been packaged in a numbered tin case . The first two waves featured numbers stamped into each case , while subsequent waves contained certificates of authenticity marking their numbers . The first three waves were bound in a cardboard sleeve displaying the reproduced signatures of Leonard Maltin and Roy Disney . In 2003 , a Costco exclusive boxed set called The Ultimate Disney Treasure Chest presented the first two waves of the series , without the tin canisters -LRB- as pictured -RRB- . The DVD sets were the idea of film critic -- historian Leonard Maltin , who appears in each set to introduce the DVDs , and to provide historical context to some of the more dated works . ", "The Macintosh IIsi is an Apple Macintosh model in the Macintosh II series produced from 1990 to 1993 . Announced at the same time as the Macintosh LC , the IIsi was the first Macintosh to ship with built-in sound-in capabilities . The LC also had a sound-in port but did not ship until later . Introduced as a low-cost alternative to the professional desktop models , it was also popular for home use , as it offered more expandability and performance than the LC series . It had color and could drive a number of different 12 '' -14 '' Apple monitors , with a maximum screen resolution of 640 × 480 in eight-bit color . The IIsi 's case design is a compact three-box desktop unit used for no other Macintosh model , one of the only Macintosh models of which this is true . Positioned below the Macintosh IIci as Apple 's entry-level professional model , the IIsi 's price was lowered by the redesign of the motherboard substituting a different memory controller and the deletion of all but one of the expansion card slots -LRB- a single Processor Direct Slot -RRB- and removal of the level 2 cache slot . It shipped with either a 40-MB or 80-MB internal hard disk , and a 1.44-MB floppy disk drive . The MC 68882 FPU was an optional extra , mounted on a special plug-in card . Ports included SCSI , two serial ports , an ADB port , a floppy drive port , and 3.5 mm stereo headphone sound output and microphone sound input sockets . A bridge card was available for the IIsi to convert the Processor Direct slot to a standard internal NuBus card slot , compatible with the other II-series Macintoshes . The bridge card included a math co-processor to improve floating-point performance . The NuBus card was mounted horizontally above the motherboard . To cut costs , the IIsi 's video shared the main system memory , which also had the effect of slowing down video considerably , especially as the IIsi had 1 MB of slow RAM soldered to the motherboard . David Pogue 's book Macworld Macintosh Secrets observed that one could speed up video considerably if one set the disk cache size large enough to force the computer to draw video RAM from faster RAM installed in the SIMM banks . The IIsi also suffers from sound difficulties : over time , the speaker contacts can fail , causing the sound to periodically drop out . This problem was caused by the very modular construction of the computer , where the mono loudspeaker is on a daughterboard under the main logic board , with springy contacts . Speaker vibrations led to fretting of the touching surfaces . The problem could be solved by removing the logic board and using a pencil eraser to clean the contacts of the daughterboard holding the loudspeaker . As the IIsi is the only Macintosh to use this case design , these issues were never corrected in a subsequent model . The IIsi was designed to be easily and cheaply manufactured , such that no tools were required to put one together - everything is held in place with clips or latches . Because of its heritage as a cut-down IIci , it was a simple modification to substitute a new clock crystal to increase the system 's clock rate to 25 MHz for a slight increase in performance . ", "DVD -LRB- an abbreviation of `` digital versatile disc '' or `` digital video disc '' -RRB- is a digital optical disc storage format invented and developed by Panasonic , Philips , Sony and Toshiba in 1995 . The medium can store any kind of digital data and is widely used for software and other computer files as well as video programs watched using DVD players . DVDs offer higher storage capacity than compact discs while having the same dimensions . Pre-recorded DVDs are mass-produced using molding machines that physically stamp data onto the DVD . Such discs are a form of DVD-ROM because data can only be read and not written or erased . Blank recordable DVD discs -LRB- DVD-R and DVD+R -RRB- can be recorded once using a DVD recorder and then function as a DVD-ROM . Rewritable DVDs -LRB- DVD-RW , DVD+RW , and DVD-RAM -RRB- can be recorded and erased many times . DVDs are used in DVD-Video consumer digital video format and in DVD-Audio consumer digital audio format as well as for authoring DVD discs written in a special AVCHD format to hold high definition material -LRB- often in conjunction with AVCHD format camcorders -RRB- . DVDs containing other types of information may be referred to as DVD data discs . " ]

[ 0, 0, 1, 0, 1 ]

[ "The_X-Files_-LRB-franchise-RRB-", "The_X-Files_-LRB-film-RRB-", "Grotesque_-LRB-The_X-Files-RRB-", "War_of_the_Coprophages", "Tunguska_-LRB-The_X-Files-RRB-" ]

[ "The X-Files is an American science fiction -- thriller media franchise created by Chris Carter . The franchise generally focused on paranormal or unexplained happenings . The first franchise release -- simply titled The X-Files -- debuted in September 1993 and ended in May 2002 . The show was a hit for Fox , and its characters and slogans -LRB- e.g. , `` The Truth Is Out There '' , `` Trust No One '' , `` I Want to Believe '' -RRB- became pop culture touchstones in the 1990s . 1996 saw the premiere of a second series set in the same universe but covering a storyline independent of the X-Files mythology , titled Millennium . In 1998 , the first X-Files feature film titled The X-Files was released , eventually grossing over $ 180 million . A spin-off -- The Lone Gunmen -- was released in 2001 and abruptly canceled . Six years after the initial television series was canceled , another film -- The X-Files : I Want to Believe -- was released . In January 2016 , a tenth season of The X-Files aired , featuring Carter as executive producer and writer , and starring David Duchovny and Gillian Anderson . An eleventh season will premiere in the 2017-18 television season . In addition to film and television , The X-Files franchise has expanded into other media , including books , video games , and comic books . These supplements to the film and television series have resulted in significant development of the show 's fictional universe and mythology . ", "The X-Files -LRB- also known as The X-Files : Fight the Future -RRB- is a 1998 American science fiction thriller film directed by Rob Bowman . Chris Carter wrote the screenplay . The story is by Carter and Frank Spotnitz . It is the first feature film based on Carter 's television series The X-Files , which revolves around fictional unsolved cases called the X-Files and the characters solving them . Five main characters from the television series appear in the film : David Duchovny , Gillian Anderson , Mitch Pileggi , John Neville , and William B. Davis reprise their respective roles as FBI agents Fox Mulder and Dana Scully , FBI Assistant Director Walter Skinner , Well-Manicured Man , and the Cigarette-Smoking Man . The film was promoted with the tagline Fight the Future . The film takes place between seasons five -LRB- episode `` The End '' -RRB- and six -LRB- episode `` The Beginning '' -RRB- of the television series , and is based upon the series ' extraterrestrial mythology . The story follows agents Mulder and Scully , removed from their usual jobs on the X-Files , and investigating the bombing of a building and the destruction of criminal evidence . They uncover what appears to be a government conspiracy attempting to hide the truth about an alien colonization of Earth . Carter decided to make a feature film to explore the show 's mythology on a wider scale , as well as appealing to non-fans . He wrote the story with Frank Spotnitz at the end of 1996 and , with a budget from 20th Century Fox , filming began in 1997 , following the end of the show 's fourth season . Carter assembled cast and crew from the show , as well as some other , well-known actors such as Blythe Danner and Martin Landau , to begin production on what they termed `` Project Blackwood '' . The film was produced by Carter and Daniel Sackheim . Mark Snow continued his role as X-Files composer to create the film 's score . The film premiered on June 19 , 1998 , in the United States , and received mixed to positive reviews from critics . Although some enjoyed the style and effects of the film , others found the plot confusing and viewed it as little more than an extended episode of the series . A sequel , entitled I Want to Believe , was released ten years later . ", "`` Grotesque '' is the fourteenth episode of the third season of the science fiction television series The X-Files and the show 's 63rd episode overall . It premiered on the Fox network in the United States on February 2 , 1996 . It was written by Howard Gordon and directed by Kim Manners . The episode is a `` Monster-of-the-Week '' story , unconnected to the series ' wider mythology . `` Grotesque '' earned a Nielsen household rating of 11.6 , being watched by 18.32 million people in its initial broadcast . The episode received mostly positive reviews from television critics . The show centers on FBI special agents Fox Mulder -LRB- David Duchovny -RRB- and Dana Scully -LRB- Gillian Anderson -RRB- who work on cases linked to the paranormal , called X-Files . Mulder is a believer in the paranormal , while the skeptical Scully has been assigned to debunk his work . In this episode , Mulder and Scully investigate a serial killer who claims a gargoyle spirit committed the crimes . When Mulder joins the case , his obsession with solving it causes Scully to question his sanity . Gordon was inspired to write the episode after walking down the streets of New York and seeing several stone gargoyles on the corner , staring at him . Gordon developed the concept with series creator Chris Carter , who suggested the addition of more psychological aspects to the episode . Originally , the teaser was planned to be filmed at a Catholic hospital , but the shot was relocated to the site of a historic post office after concerns were raised about attaching a fake gargoyle to the building . ", "`` War of the Coprophages '' is the twelfth episode of the third season of the science fiction television series The X-Files . It premiered on the Fox network on January 5 , 1996 . It was written by Darin Morgan , and directed by Kim Manners . The episode is a `` Monster-of-the-Week '' story , a stand-alone plot which is unconnected to the series ' wider mythology . `` War of the Coprophages '' earned a Nielsen household rating of 10.1 , being watched by 16.32 million people in its initial broadcast . The episode received mostly positive reviews from critics , who praised its humorous tone . The show centers on FBI special agents Fox Mulder -LRB- David Duchovny -RRB- and Dana Scully -LRB- Gillian Anderson -RRB- who work on cases linked to the paranormal , called X-Files . In this episode , Mulder investigates a small town plagued by deaths in which the bodies are found covered in cockroaches . Working from home , Scully has scientific explanations for all of them , but Mulder -- at the crime scene with an attractive bug expert -- suspects the insects may not be organic , or earthly . `` War of the Coprophages '' was Darin Morgan 's third episode , after the second-season episode `` Humbug '' and season three 's `` Clyde Bruckman 's Final Repose '' . In order to achieve the effect of a cockroach infestation , the show used around three hundred cockroaches for the episode in addition to extremely detailed rubber cockroach props and `` piles and piles '' of faux-dung . The episode 's title is a reference to the famous novel The War of the Worlds by H.G. Wells , as well as its 1938 radio adaptation by Orson Welles . The character Dr. Berenbaum is named for entomologist May Berenbaum . ", "`` Tunguska '' is the eighth episode of the fourth season of the American science fiction television series The X-Files . It premièred on the Fox network on . It was directed by Kim Manners , and written by Frank Spotnitz and series creator Chris Carter . `` Tunguska '' featured guest appearances by John Neville , Nicholas Lea and Fritz Weaver . The episode helped explore the series ' overarching mythology . `` Tunguska '' earned a Nielsen household rating of 12.2 , being watched by 18.85 million people in its initial broadcast . In the episode , FBI special agent Fox Mulder -LRB- David Duchovny -RRB- travels to Russia to investigate the source of a black oil contamination . His partner Dana Scully -LRB- Gillian Anderson -RRB- and assistant director Walter Skinner -LRB- Mitch Pileggi -RRB- are summoned to attend a United States Senate hearing on Mulder 's whereabouts . `` Tunguska '' is a two-part episode , with the plot continuing in the next episode , `` Terma '' . `` Tunguska '' was inspired by reports of evidence of extraterrestrial life possibly being found in the Allan Hills 84001 meteorite , while the gulag setting was inspired by the works of Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn . The story offered the writers a chance to expand the scale of the series ' mythology globally , although production of the episode was described as troublesome and expensive . " ]

[ 0, 2, 2, 2, 0 ]

[ "Micke_Kontinen", "Henri_Kontinen", "Henri_Myntti", "Mick_Thomson", "Nicolae_Kovács" ]

[ "Micke Kontinen -LRB- born 18 December 1992 -RRB- is a Finnish tennis player . He is the younger brother of Henri Kontinen who is also a tennis player . Kontinen has a career high ATP singles ranking of 355 achieved on 15 September 2014 . He also has a career high ATP doubles ranking of 489 achieved on 26 May 2014 . Kontinen made his ATP main draw debut at the 2013 Swedish Open in the doubles event where he partnered Isak Arvidsson as a wildcard entrant but lost in the first round to Martín Alund and João Souza , 4 -- 6 , 6 -- 7 -LRB- 5 -- 7 -RRB- ", "Henri Kontinen -LRB- born 19 June 1990 -RRB- is a Finnish tennis player . Kontinen has won 14 doubles titles on the ATP Tour in his career . On 18 October 2010 , Kontinen reached his best singles rankings of world number 220 . He is currently ranked as world number 1 in doubles rankings after winning the Australian Open men 's doubles championship . His brother Micke is a retired tennis player . After ending his singles career due to injuries he started focusing on doubles . He reached the quarterfinals of the men 's doubles 2016 Wimbledon Championships with John Peers and won the mixed doubles at the same tournament with Heather Watson . He also won the 2017 Australian Open men 's doubles title with John Peers , reaching his first Grand Slam title in doubles . ", "Henri Myntti -LRB- born 23 March 1982 in Kokkola -RRB- is a Finnish footballer who plays for KPV Kokkola . ", "Mickael Gordon `` Mick '' Thomson -LRB- born November 3 , 1973 -RRB- is an American heavy metal musician . Born in Des Moines , Iowa , he is best known as one of two guitarists in Slipknot , in which he is designated # 7 . Thomson originally met founding Slipknot members Anders Colsefni , Donnie Steele and Paul Gray through their mutual involvement in death metal band Body Pit , and later replaced Craig Jones in the group in 1996 . Following the departure of Joey Jordison in 2013 , Thomson is now the third longest-serving member of Slipknot . ", "Nicolae Kovács -LRB- Kovács Miklós , sometimes rendered as Nicolae Covaci , 29 December 1911 -- 7 July 1977 -RRB- was a Romanian-Hungarian football player and coach . He was a dual international football player and played both for Romania and Hungary . For the Romania national football team , he won 37 caps and participated in the 1930 , 1934 and 1938 World Cups , being one of five players to have appeared in all three of the pre-war World Cups . The other players were Edmond Delfour , Étienne Mattler , Bernard Voorhoof and Rudolf Bürger , according to official FIFA match reports . Later he also represented the Hungary national football team once . He was the older brother of Stefan Kovács , the famous coach who led AFC Ajax to two European Cups in 1972 and 1973 . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Pakistan", "List_of_members_of_the_National_Assembly_of_Pakistan_-LRB-1962–65-RRB-", "Pakistan_Social_Democratic_Party", "Islamabad", "State_Bank_of_Pakistan" ]

[ "Pakistan -LRB- -LSB- pɑːkᵻˈstɑːn -RSB- -LSB- -RRB- , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan -LRB- -LSB- -RRB- , is a federal parliamentary republic in South Asia on the crossroads of Central and Western Asia . It is the sixth-most populous country with a population exceeding 201 million people . In terms of area , it is the 33rd-largest country spanning 881,913 km2 . Pakistan has a 1,046 km coastline along the Arabian Sea and its Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by India to the east , Afghanistan to the west , Iran to the southwest , and China in the far northeast , respectively . It is separated from Tajikistan by Afghanistan 's narrow Wakhan Corridor in the north , and also shares a maritime border with Oman . The territory that now constitutes Pakistan is considered a cradle of civilisation that was previously home to several ancient cultures , including the Mehrgarh of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age Indus Valley Civilisation , and later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures , including Hindus , Indo-Greeks , Muslims , Turco-Mongols , Afghans , and Sikhs . The area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties , including the Persian Achaemenid Empire , Alexander of Macedonia , the Indian Mauryan Empire , the Arab Umayyad Caliphate , the Delhi Sultanate , the Mongol Empire , the Mughal Empire , the Durrani Empire , the Sikh Empire , and most recently , the British Empire . Pakistan is unique among Muslim countries in that it is the only country to have been created in the name of Islam . As a result of the Pakistan Movement led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah and the subcontinent 's struggle for independence , Pakistan was created in 1947 as an independent homeland for South Asian Muslims . It is an ethnically and linguistically diverse country , with a similarly diverse geography and wildlife . Initially a dominion , Pakistan adopted a constitution in 1956 , becoming an Islamic republic . An ethnic civil war in 1971 resulted in the secession of East Pakistan as the new country of Bangladesh . In 1973 Pakistan adopted a new constitution establishing , alongside its pre-existing parliamentary republic status , a federal government based in Islamabad consisting of four provinces and four federal territories . The new constitution also stipulated that all laws were to conform to the injunctions of Islam as laid down in the Quran and Sunnah . A regional and middle power , Pakistan has the sixth-largest standing armed forces in the world and is also a nuclear power as well as a declared nuclear-weapons state , being the second in South Asia and the only nation in the Muslim world to have that status . Pakistan has a semi-industrialised economy with a well-integrated agriculture sector , and a growing services sector . The Pakistani economy is the 24th-largest in the world in terms of purchasing power and the 41st-largest in terms of nominal GDP -LRB- World Bank -RRB- . It is ranked among the emerging and growth-leading economies of the world , and is backed by one of the world 's largest and fastest-growing middle classes . The post-independence history of Pakistan has been characterised by periods of military rule , and since 2008 a transition to democracy , amid conflicts with neighbouring India . The country continues to face challenging problems such as illiteracy , healthcare , and corruption , but has substantially reduced poverty and terrorism and expanded per capita income . Pakistan is a member of the United Nations , the Non-Aligned Movement , the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation , the Commonwealth of Nations , the ECO , the SAARC , the Developing Eight , and the G20 developing nations , Group of 24 , Group of 77 , and ECOSOC . It is also an associate member of CERN . Pakistan is a signatory to the Kyoto Protocol , the Paris Agreement , and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights . ", "The 3rd Parliament of Pakistan was the unicameral legislature of Pakistan formed after the 4 years of Martial Law . There were 156 seats of members of Parliament , including 78 from East Bengal and 78 from West Pakistan . ", "The Pakistan Social Democratic Party is a political party in Pakistan . In 2002 , with a wristwatch as the party 's symbol on the ballot , it fielded one candidate in the National Assembly elections and the regional assembly elections , but won no seats . In 2004 the Electoral Commission asked the party , and ten other parties , to have its submitted statement of account audited by a chartered accountant and re-submitted . -LRB- 34 parties had submitted no statements of account at all , and faced disqualification . -RRB- Pakistan Social Democratic Party is run by Mr. Mujib Ur Rehman Kiani Advocate , Islamabad as Chairman of the Party and he is reorganising the party and the Election commission of Pakistan has been informed by the Secretary of Party vide its letter dated 11 the April 2012 and Mr. Irfan Kausar , Deputy Director , confirmed about the newly elected Chairman of the Party and party will participate in next election . The comprehensive manifesto of the party was printed and circulated during its years in active politics . Its founder is author of a publication named ` Responsible Politics ' , widely sold during the time of its publication . It laid down the predictions and expectations of on coming politics in Pakistan . ", "Islamabad -LRB- -LSB- ɪzˈlɑːməˌbɑːd -RSB- -LSB- , , -LSB- ɪsˌlɑːmɑˈbɑːd̪ -RSB- -RRB- is the capital city of Pakistan located within the federal Islamabad Capital Territory . With a population of two million , it is the 10th largest city of Pakistan , while the larger Islamabad-Rawalpindi metropolitan area is the third largest in Pakistan with a population exceeding five million . The city is the political seat of Pakistan and is administered by the Islamabad Metropolitan Corporation , supported by the Capital Development Authority -LRB- CDA -RRB- . Islamabad is located in the Pothohar Plateau in the northeastern part of the country , between Rawalpindi District and the Margalla Hills National Park to the north . The region has historically been a part of the crossroads of Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa with the Margalla Pass acting as the gateway between the two regions . Islamabad was built during the 1960s to replace Karachi as Pakistan 's capital . The city 's master-plan divides the city into eight zones , including administrative , diplomatic enclave , residential areas , educational sectors , industrial sectors , commercial areas , and rural and green areas . The city is known for the presence of several parks and forests , including the Margalla Hills National Park and Shakarparian Park . The city is home to several landmarks , including the Faisal Mosque , the largest mosque in South Asia and the fourth largest in the world . Other landmarks include the Pakistan 's National Monument and Democracy Square . Islamabad is a beta - world city ; it is categorised as very high on the Human Development Index , the highest in the country . The city has the highest cost of living in Pakistan , and its population is dominated by middle and upper middle class citizens . The city is home to sixteen universities , including the Quaid-e-Azam University and NUST . The city is one of the safest in Pakistan , and has an expansive surveillance system with 1,900 CCTV cameras . ", "The State Bank of Pakistan -LRB- SBP -RRB- -LRB- -LSB- -RRB- is the central bank of Pakistan . While its constitution , as originally laid down in the State Bank of Pakistan Order 1948 , remained basically unchanged until January 1 , 1974 , when the bank was nationalized , the scope of its functions was considerably enlarged . The State Bank of Pakistan Act 1956 , with subsequent amendments , forms the basis of its operations today . The headquarters are located in the financial capital of Pakistan , Karachi with branch offices in 15 cities across Pakistan , including the capital city , Islamabad and the four provincial capitals . " ]

[ 1, 0, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "Great_white_shark", "Shark_Kill", "1994–95_San_Jose_Sharks_season", "Ghost_Shark_2-COLON-_Urban_Jaws", "Left_Shark" ]

[ "The great white shark -LRB- Carcharodon carcharias -RRB- , also known as the great white , white pointer , white shark , or white death , is a species of large mackerel shark which can be found in the coastal surface waters of all the major oceans . The great white shark is notable for its size , with mature female individuals growing up to 6.1 m in length and 1950 kg in weight . However most are smaller , males measuring 11 to and females 15 to on average . According to a 2014 study the lifespan of great white sharks is estimated to be as long as 70 years or more , well above previous estimates , making it one of the longest lived cartilaginous fish currently known . According to the same study , male great white sharks take 26 years to reach sexual maturity , while the females take 33 years to be ready to produce offspring . Great white sharks can accelerate to over 56 km/h for short bursts . The great white shark has no known natural predators other than the killer whale . The great white shark is arguably the world 's largest known extant macropredatory fish , and is one of the primary predators of marine mammals . It is also known to prey upon a variety of other marine animals , including fish and seabirds . It is the only known surviving species of its genus Carcharodon , and is ranked first in having the most recorded shark bite incidents on humans . The IUCN list the great white shark as a vulnerable species , while it is included in Appendix II of CITES . The novel Jaws by Peter Benchley and the subsequent film by Steven Spielberg depicted the great white shark as a `` ferocious man eater '' . Humans are not the preferred prey of the great white shark , but , nevertheless , the great white is responsible for the largest number of reported and identified fatal unprovoked shark attacks on humans . ", "Shark Kill is a 1976 made-for-television adventure film directed by William A. Graham . The film was one of the first films released to capitalize on the success of the 1975 film Jaws ; both films follow the premise of men hunting a bloodthirsty great white shark . ", "In the 1994 -- 95 San Jose Sharks season , the Sharks once again qualified for the playoffs and won their first-round series before losing in the second round to the Detroit Red Wings . ", "Ghost Shark 2 : Urban Jaws is a 2015 New Zealand supernatural horror film directed by Andrew Todd and Johnny Hall . It was shot on a Canon 550D in Auckland , New Zealand , with additional shooting taking place in Christchurch and Los Angeles . ", "`` Left Shark '' is the name of a character from Katy Perry 's performance at the Super Bowl XLIX halftime show in 2015 . Left Shark , on house left , Perry 's right , received significant fan and media attention during and after the halftime performance because of its distinct dance moves , which were both offbeat and out of sync to the `` Right Shark '' . Left Shark quickly became an Internet sensation , appearing on social media sites such as Facebook and Twitter and also became an internet meme . Left Shark was performed by Bryan Gaw , one of Perry 's longtime background dancers . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "The_Woodsman_-LRB-2004_film-RRB-", "Kevin_Bacon", "Sleepers", "Hollow_Man", "See_You_in_September_-LRB-film-RRB-" ]

[ "The Woodsman is a 2004 drama film directed and co-written -LRB- with Steven Fechter -RRB- by Nicole Kassell , based on Fechter 's play of the same name . The movie stars Kevin Bacon as a convicted child molester who must adjust to life after prison . The movie 's name refers to the woodsman from the fairy tale of Little Red Riding Hood who kills the wolf to save the titular child . ", "Kevin Norwood Bacon -LRB- born July 8 , 1958 -RRB- is an American actor and musician . His notable films include musical-drama film Footloose -LRB- 1984 -RRB- , the controversial historical conspiracy legal thriller JFK -LRB- 1991 -RRB- , the legal drama A Few Good Men -LRB- 1992 -RRB- , the historical docudrama Apollo 13 -LRB- 1995 -RRB- , and the mystery drama Mystic River -LRB- 2003 -RRB- . Bacon is also known for taking on darker roles such as that of a sadistic guard in Sleepers and troubled former child abuser in a critically acclaimed performance in The Woodsman . Also on television , he starred in the Fox series The Following from 2013 to 2015 . Bacon has won a Golden Globe Award and three Screen Actors Guild Awards , and was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award . The Guardian named him one of the best actors never to have received an Academy Award nomination . In 2003 , Bacon received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contributions to the motion pictures industry . Bacon has become an icon for the concept of interconnectedness -LRB- as in social networks -RRB- , having been popularized by the game `` Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon '' . In 2007 , he created SixDegrees.org , a charitable foundation . ", "Sleepers is a 1996 American legal crime drama film written , produced , and directed by Barry Levinson , and based on Lorenzo Carcaterra 's 1995 novel of the same name . The film starred Kevin Bacon , Jason Patric , Brad Pitt , Robert De Niro , Dustin Hoffman , Minnie Driver and Vittorio Gassmann . ", "Hollow Man is a 2000 American-German science fiction horror film directed by Paul Verhoeven and starring Kevin Bacon , Elisabeth Shue and Josh Brolin . Bacon portrays the title character , a scientist who renders himself invisible and goes on a killing spree , a story inspired by H. G. Wells ' novel The Invisible Man . The film was nominated for an Academy Award for Visual Effects in 2001 , but lost to Gladiator . The film is Verhoeven 's most recent American production . In 2013 , Verhoeven remarked to The Hollywood Reporter : `` I decided after Hollow Man , this is a movie , the first movie that I made that I thought I should not have made . It made money and this and that , but it really is not me anymore . I think many other people could have done that . I do n't think many people could have made RoboCop that way , or either Starship Troopers . But Hollow Man , I thought there might have been 20 directors in Hollywood who could have done that . I felt depressed with myself after 2002 . '' It partly contributed in his return to the Netherlands , his home country , where he made Black Book in 2006 , which was considered a return to form . A direct-to-video stand-alone sequel called Hollow Man 2 starring Christian Slater and Peter Facinelli was released in 2006 . ", "See You in September is a 2010 American romantic comedy directed by Tamara Tunie and starring Estella Warren , Michael Rispoli , Whoopi Goldberg , and Justin Kirk . The alternative title is Crazy Love . The film premiered in April 2010 at Newport Beach International Film Festival and was released on DVD on February 8 , 2011 . See You in September is Tamara Tunie 's first film both as director and producer . " ]

[ 2, 2, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "The_Hit_-LRB-1984_film-RRB-", "Monster_Hits", "Turn_On,_Tune_In,_Cop_Out", "H'its_Huge_'84", "Arcade_Smash_Hits" ]

[ "The Hit is a 1984 British road crime film directed by Stephen Frears and starring John Hurt , Terence Stamp , Laura del Sol and Tim Roth . The film was Stamp 's first starring role in over a decade and Roth won an Evening Standard award as an apprentice hit man . The title music is provided by Roger Waters and Eric Clapton . Spanish flamenco guitarist Paco de Lucia performed the soundtrack music . The film was released on DVD by The Criterion Collection in April 2009 . ", "Monster Hits or Hits 11 is the eleventh release of the Hits compilation Series . It was released on 20 November 1989 in the United Kingdom and it debuted at number two on the UK Compilation Chart -LRB- kept off by its rival Now 16 -RRB- . The album was issued on vinyl , double cassette and double compact disc and featured 32 tracks . The Hits compilation series began in 1984 and had become a successful brand for its compilers , the partnership comprising CBS , WEA and BMG with healthy sales rivalling that even of the hugely successful Now series . However , it is with this release that the compilers began altering the format of the Hits series and there would several more rebrands in the years to come . Hits 11 features three songs which reached number one on the UK Singles Chart : `` Ride On Time '' , `` All Around The World '' and `` That 's What I Like '' . ", "`` Turn On , Tune In , Cop Out '' was the biggest hit single for Norman Cook 's jazz-dance group , Freak Power , released in October 1993 as a single . The song features a smooth jazz sound and the baritone vocals of lead singer Ashley Slater . The single originally was n't very well received , at least not commercially , only making number 29 in the United Kingdom . However , two years later , the song was used in the popular Levi 's advertisement `` Taxi '' and re-released in March 1995 . This time , the single was a huge success , reaching number 3 on the UK Singles Chart and was the only hit single for the group , but they still reached the Top 30 one more time in 1998 . ", "H'its Huge '84 was a various artists `` hits '' collection album released in Australia in 1984 on the CBS record Label -LRB- Cat No . HUGE 001 -RRB- . The album spent 5 weeks at the top of the Australian album charts in 1984 . ", "Arcade Smash Hits is a game that published by Virgin Games and released in 1992 for the Sega Master System . The game has a choice of three classic arcade games to play : Centipede , Breakout and Missile Command . In 1996 , Sega released a similar title for the Sega Mega Drive/Genesis and Game Gear called Arcade Classics , but with versions of Pong instead of Breakout . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Jiang_Wen", "Jiang_Wu", "Jiang_Jufeng", "Jiang_Shiquan", "Zhao_Liang_-LRB-director-RRB-" ]

[ "Jiang Wen -LRB- born 5 January 1963 -RRB- is a Chinese film actor , screenwriter , and director . As a director , he is sometimes grouped with the `` Sixth Generation '' that emerged in the 1990s . Jiang is also well known internationally as an actor , having starred with Gong Li in Zhang Yimou 's debut film Red Sorghum -LRB- 1986 -RRB- , and more recently as Baze Malbus in the Star Wars anthology film Rogue One -LRB- 2016 -RRB- . He is the older brother of fellow actor Jiang Wu . ", "Jiang Wu -LRB- born 4 November 1967 -RRB- is a Chinese actor . He starred in Zhang Yimou 's To Live -LRB- 1994 -RRB- , and Zhang Yang 's Shower -LRB- 1999 -RRB- . He is the younger brother of Jiang Wen and is or was a member of the Beijing Experimental Theatre Troupe . ", "Jiang Jufeng -LRB- ; born 1948 -RRB- is a Chinese politician . He served as the Governor of Sichuan from 2007 to 2013 . Jiang was born in 1948 in Zhuji , Zhejiang Province . He served as Governor of Sichuan Province since January 2007 , when he succeeded longtime Governor Zhang Zhongwei , who was in office from June 1999 to January 2007 . Jiang was re-elected Governor on January 27 , 2008 , at the first session of the 11th Sichuan Provincial People 's Congress . He left office in 2013 , then joined the National People 's Congress Environment Protection and Resources Conservation Committee as a deputy chair . ", "Jiang Shiquan -LRB- 1725 -- 1785 -RRB- was a Chinese poet of the Qing dynasty . He was active during the Qianlong and Jiaqing eras of the Qing dynasty , and was classed as one of the `` Three Great Masters of the Qianlong Era '' along with Yuan Mei and Zhao Yi . Jiang stated that he learned from Li Shangyin when he was 15 , turned to study Du Fu and Han Yu when he was 19 , and studied Su Shi and Huang Tingjian at the age of 40 , and abandoned the style of the ancient authors to write his own poets . He was against the restorative trend of the `` Former and Latter Seven Masters '' , and disagreed with the poetry theories of Weng Fanggang and Shen Deqian . He claimed to absorb both the styles of Tang and Song . But his comprehension of `` Xingling '' was different from that of Yuan Mei . Today we know about 2500 of his poems . Jiang also wrote Ci and proses . He was also an important playwright , leaving us 16 plays . ", "Zhao Liang , born 1971 in Liaoning Province , is a Chinese documentary film director . His early work was independent and was not approved for release by the Chinese government , but his works have since been released in China . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Gaius_Julius_Caesar_-LRB-proconsul-RRB-", "Tiberius_Junius_Brutus", "Marcus_Junius_Brutus_the_Younger", "Benjamin_Caesar", "Lucius_Appuleius" ]

[ "Gaius Julius Caesar -LRB- ca. 130 BC -- 85 BC -RRB- was a Roman senator , a supporter of his brother-in-law , Gaius Marius , and the father of Gaius Julius Caesar , the dictator . Caesar was married to Aurelia Cotta , a member of the Aurelii and Rutilii families . They had two daughters , known as Julia Major and Julia Minor , and a son , Gaius , who was born in 100 BC . He was the brother of Sextus Julius Caesar -LRB- consul in 91 BC -RRB- and the son of Gaius Julius Caesar . Caesar 's progress through the cursus honorum is well known , although the specific dates associated with his offices are controversial . According to two elogia erected in Rome long after his death , Caesar was a commissioner in the colony at Cercina , military tribune , quaestor , praetor , and proconsul of Asia . The dates of these offices are unclear . The colony is probably one of Marius ' of 103 BC . Broughton dated the praetorship to 92 BC , with the quaestorship falling towards the beginning of the 90s BC . Brennan has dated the praetorship to the beginning of the decade . Caesar died suddenly in 85 BC , in Rome , while putting on his shoes one morning . Another Caesar , possibly his father , had died similarly in Pisa . His father had seen to his education by one of the best orators of Rome , Marcus Antonius Gnipho . In his will , he left Caesar the bulk of his estate , but after Marius 's faction had been defeated in the civil war of the 80s BC , this inheritance was confiscated by the dictator Sulla . ", "Tiberius Junius Brutus -LRB- died c. 509 BCE -RRB- was the younger son of Lucius Junius Brutus , who was one of Rome 's first two consuls in 509 BCE . His mother was Vitellia . At the invitation of his uncles , called Vitellii , he and his elder brother Titus Junius Brutus joined the Tarquinian conspiracy . When the conspiracy was discovered , he and the other conspirators were executed by order of the consuls . Punishment was carried out by the lictors , and included being stripped naked , beaten with rods and then beheaded . Lucius Junius Brutus was admired for his strong stance in ordering the execution of his sons , although at times during the execution he showed his emotions . ", "Marcus Junius Brutus -LRB- -LSB- ˈbruːtəs -RSB- 85 BC -- 23 October 42 BC -RRB- , often referred to as Brutus , was a politician of the late Roman Republic . After being adopted by his uncle he used the name Quintus Servilius Caepio Brutus , but eventually returned to using his original name . He took a leading role in the assassination of Julius Caesar . Brutus was close to General Julius Caesar , the leader of the Populares faction . However , Caesar 's attempts to assume greater power for himself put him at greater odds with the Roman elite and members of the Senate . Brutus eventually came to oppose Caesar and fought with the Optimate faction , led by Pompey the Great , against Caesar 's forces in Caesar 's Civil War . Pompey was defeated at the Battle of Pharsalus in 48 B.C. , after which Brutus surrendered to Caesar , who granted him amnesty . However , the underlying political tensions which led to the war had not been resolved . Due to Caesar 's increasingly monarchical behavior , several senators , calling themselves `` Liberators '' , plotted to assassinate him . They recruited Brutus , who took a leading role in the assassination , which was carried out successfully on March 15 , 44 B.C. . The Senate , at the request of the Consul Mark Antony , granted amnesty to the assassins . However , a populist uprising forced Brutus and his brother-in-law , fellow assassin Gaius Cassius Longinus , to leave the City of Rome . In 43 B.C. , Caesar 's grandnephew , Consul Gaius Octavian Caesar , immediately after taking office , passed a resolution declaring the conspirators , including Brutus , murderers . This led to the Liberators ' civil war , pitting the erstwhile supporters of Caesar , under the Second Triumvirate , wishing both to gain power for themselves and avenge his death , against those who opposed him . Octavian combined his troops with those of Antony , and together they decisively defeated the outnumbered armies of Brutus and Cassius at the Battle of Philippi in October 42 B.C. . After the battle , Brutus committed suicide . ", "Benjamin Julius Caesar -LRB- born 12 March 1797 at Peper Harrow , Surrey ; died 1867 at Guildford , Surrey -RRB- was an English professional cricketer who played first-class cricket from 1824 to 1830 . He was mainly associated with Godalming Cricket Club and Surrey and made 11 known appearances in first-class matches . He was the father of Julius Caesar . ", "For others with this name , see Appuleia -LRB- gens -RRB- Lucius Appuleius -LRB- fl . 4th century BCE -RRB- was a man of ancient Rome who served as Tribune of the Plebs in 391 BCE . He impeached Marcus Furius Camillus for having secreted part of the spoils of war against the rival Etrurian city of Veii in 406 . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 0 ]

[ "NXT_Tag_Team_Championship", "NWA_United_States_Tag_Team_Championship", "WWE_Championship", "Artist_of_Stardom_Championship", "Impact_Wrestling_X_Division_Championship" ]

[ "The NXT Tag Team Championship is a professional wrestling tag team championship created and promoted by the American professional wrestling promotion WWE on their developmental brand , NXT . Introduced on January 23 , 2013 , the inaugural champions were the British Ambition -LRB- Adrian Neville and Oliver Grey -RRB- . The current champions are The Authors of Pain -LRB- Akam and Rezar -RRB- , who are in their first reign , both as a team and individually . ", "The NWA United States Tag Team Championship is a name used for several secondary tag team championship used by various National Wrestling Alliance -LRB- NWA -RRB- members since 1958 . At least ten different versions of the NWA United States Tag Team Championships have been promoted in various regions across the United States , starting with the Capitol Wrestling Corporation version in 1958 , to the NWA Smokey Mountain Wrestling version that is active today . The NWA 's bylaws allowed any NWA member , also known as NWA territories , to create and control their own version of the NWA United States Tag Team Championship . The most well known version of the NWA United States Tag Team Championship was the Jim Crockett Promotions version that later became known as the WCW United States Tag Team Championship . As it is a professional wrestling championship , it is not won or lost competitively but instead by the decision of the bookers of a wrestling promotion . The title is awarded after the chosen team `` wins '' a match to maintain the illusion that professional wrestling is a competitive sport . ", "The WWE Championship is a world heavyweight championship created and promoted by the American professional wrestling promotion WWE on the SmackDown brand . It is one of two world titles in the WWE , alongside the WWE Universal Championship that was created for the Raw brand as a result of the 2016 WWE draft . The title is currently held by Jinder Mahal , who is in his first reign . The original world championship of the promotion , it was established by the then-World Wide Wrestling Federation -LRB- WWWF -RRB- on April 25 , 1963 as the WWWF World Heavyweight Championship , following the promotion seceding from the National Wrestling Alliance -LRB- NWA -RRB- . The inaugural champion was Buddy Rogers . Since its inception , the title has undergone many name changes due to company name changes and title unifications . It is the oldest championship currently active in the WWE , and is presented as being the promotion 's most prestigious title , with many matches for the title having headlined pay-per-view events -- including WWE 's flagship event WrestleMania . From its inception until 2001 , it was promoted as WWE 's sole primary championship . An additional world title , the WCW Championship , was added after the then-World Wrestling Federation 's purchase of World Championship Wrestling in early 2001 . The titles were later unified as the Undisputed Championship . After the first brand extension in 2002 and the promotion becoming the WWE , the championship became exclusive to SmackDown , and the World Heavyweight Championship was created for Raw . ECW became a third brand in 2006 , adding the ECW World Heavyweight Championship . Over the course of the first brand extension , the WWE Championship switched between brands , usually as a result of the annual draft . The ECW Championship was deactivated in 2010 , and the World Heavyweight Championship was unified with the WWE Championship in 2013 . The championship was again the sole world title of WWE until the reintroduction of the brand extension in 2016 . ", "The is a professional wrestling six-woman tag team championship owned by the World Wonder Ring Stardom promotion . The title was first announced during Stardom 's year-end event on December 24 , 2012 , and two days later its name was revealed as the `` Artist of Stardom Championship '' , with a four-team one night single-elimination tournament announced to determine the inaugural champions . On January 14 , 2013 , Kawasaki Katsushika Saikyou Densetsu -LRB- Act Yasukawa , Natsuki ☆ Taiyo and Saki Kashima -RRB- defeated Team Shimmer -LRB- Kellie Skater , Portia Perez and Tomoka Nakagawa -RRB- in the finals of the tournament to become the inaugural champions . The championship belts were introduced on February 6 , 2013 , when they arrived to Stardom 's office from their American maker . The belts are rare among all other tag team championship belts in that they are all of different color ; one is blue , one orange and one pink . Like most professional wrestling championships , the title is won as a result of a scripted match . There have been thirteen reigns shared among thirteen teams and twenty-seven wrestlers . Hiromi Mimura , Kairi Hojo and Konami are the current champions in their first reign as a team . Individually , this is the first reign for Mimura and Konami and the fourth for Hojo . ", "The Impact Wrestling X Division Championship is a professional wrestling championship owned by the Impact Wrestling promotion . It debuted on June 19 , 2002 at the taping of then-TNA 's second weekly pay-per-view -LRB- PPV -RRB- event . Like most professional wrestling championships , the title is won as a result of a scripted match . There have been 68 reigns among 30 wrestlers . The title has previously been known as the TNA X Division Championship , the NWA X Championship , the NWA -- TNA X Championship , and the NWA -- TNA X Division Championship . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Candy_-LRB-Mandy_Moore_song-RRB-", "So_Real_-LRB-album-RRB-", "Mandy_Moore", "Mandy_McCartin", "Hamish_Moore" ]

[ "`` Candy '' is a song by American singer Mandy Moore . It served as Moore 's debut single and opening track from her 1999 debut studio album , So Real . Written and composed by Denise Rich , Dave Katz , Denny Kleiman and produced by Jive Jones , Tony Battaglia , Shaun Fisher , `` Candy '' was released on August 17 , 1999 , by Epic Records . The song stands as a classic example of a teen pop song from the late 1990s/early 2000s . Record labels began riding the wave of teen-oriented pop music , which would result in a huge phenomenon sweeping the globe , including young female singers such as Moore , Britney Spears , Jessica Simpson , and Christina Aguilera . The music video , which was directed by Chris Robinson , had a cameo by the girl group PYT . The song was part of Now That 's What I Call Music ! 4 in July 2000 and MTV 's Fantastic Females Vol . 2 in the early 2000s , though strictly on the Asian Release . Tiffany Giardina recorded a cover of this song in 2008 for her album No Average Angel , which was released in 2009 . Her version has faster tempo and was performed in upbeat pop rock and bubblegum pop style . ", "So Real is the debut studio album by American pop singer Mandy Moore . The album was released on December 7 , 1999 , in the United States by Epic Records . The album 's lyrical and visual representations maintained the common theme of virginal innocence in the late 1990s teen pop revival . The album was released mainly due to the success of teen artists Britney Spears and Christina Aguilera , who released their debut albums that same year to commercial success . So Real became a moderate hit in the United States , reaching a peak of 31 on the Billboard 200 albums chart , as well as being certified Platinum by the RIAA , for shipments of over 1 million . The album spawned a Top 40 hit with `` Candy '' and went gold within three months in the RIAA , although such success was considered trivial compared to the overwhelming popularity of teen pop 's biggest stars at the time . ", "Amanda Leigh Moore -LRB- born April 10 , 1984 -RRB- is an American singer-songwriter and actress . Moore first came to prominence with her 1999 debut single , `` Candy '' , which peaked at number 41 on the Billboard Hot 100 . After signing with Epic Records , she released her debut album , So Real , in 1999 . It went on to receive a Platinum certification from the RIAA . Her 2000 single , `` I Wan na Be with You '' , became her first Top 30 song in the US , peaking at number 24 on the Hot 100 chart . As of 2009 , Moore has sold more than 10 million albums worldwide , according to Billboard . In 2012 , Moore was ranked # 96 on VH1 's list of `` 100 Greatest Women in Music '' , as well as # 63 on their Sexiest Artists of All Time List . Outside of her musical career , Moore has also branched out into acting . In 2001 , she made her film debut in the comedy Dr. Dolittle 2 , though it was only a minor voice role . Later that year , she co-starred as Lana Thomas in the comedy The Princess Diaries with Anne Hathaway . In 2002 , she made her starring debut with Shane West as Jamie Sullivan in the romantic drama A Walk to Remember , which was based on Nicholas Sparks ' novel of the same name . Moore later voiced Rapunzel in the 2010 animated feature Tangled , and reprised the role in a 2017 television series based on the film . In 2016 , she began starring as Rebecca Pearson in the NBC family comedy-drama series This Is Us for which she received a Golden Globe Award nomination . ", "Mandy McCartin -LRB- born 10 April 1958 -RRB- is an artist based in London , a `` proud butch lesbian '' and DJ `` classic soul fanatic '' . ", "Hamish Moore is a Scottish musician and bagpipe maker . Among Moore 's contributions to Scottish music are his development of a revived form of the bellows-blown Scottish smallpipes ; his 1985 recording of the `` Lowland '' or smallpipes , Cauld Wind Pipes , was the first contemporary complete recording of this instrument . In the 1980s and 1990s , Moore was also instrumental in exploring the links between the Scottish diaspora music of Canada 's Cape Breton Island , and earlier Scottish traditions . Moore taught at Cape Breton 's Gaelic College of Celtic Arts and Crafts , and in 1996 returned to South Uist , Scotland , to form his Ceolas musical summer school , which included Cape Breton instructors and influences . Hamish is father of Fin Moore , also a Scottish smallpiper and border piper . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "Candy_-LRB-Mandy_Moore_song-RRB-", "So_Real_-LRB-album-RRB-", "Mandy_Moore", "Mandy_McCartin", "Hamish_Moore" ]

[ "`` Candy '' is a song by American singer Mandy Moore . It served as Moore 's debut single and opening track from her 1999 debut studio album , So Real . Written and composed by Denise Rich , Dave Katz , Denny Kleiman and produced by Jive Jones , Tony Battaglia , Shaun Fisher , `` Candy '' was released on August 17 , 1999 , by Epic Records . The song stands as a classic example of a teen pop song from the late 1990s/early 2000s . Record labels began riding the wave of teen-oriented pop music , which would result in a huge phenomenon sweeping the globe , including young female singers such as Moore , Britney Spears , Jessica Simpson , and Christina Aguilera . The music video , which was directed by Chris Robinson , had a cameo by the girl group PYT . The song was part of Now That 's What I Call Music ! 4 in July 2000 and MTV 's Fantastic Females Vol . 2 in the early 2000s , though strictly on the Asian Release . Tiffany Giardina recorded a cover of this song in 2008 for her album No Average Angel , which was released in 2009 . Her version has faster tempo and was performed in upbeat pop rock and bubblegum pop style . ", "So Real is the debut studio album by American pop singer Mandy Moore . The album was released on December 7 , 1999 , in the United States by Epic Records . The album 's lyrical and visual representations maintained the common theme of virginal innocence in the late 1990s teen pop revival . The album was released mainly due to the success of teen artists Britney Spears and Christina Aguilera , who released their debut albums that same year to commercial success . So Real became a moderate hit in the United States , reaching a peak of 31 on the Billboard 200 albums chart , as well as being certified Platinum by the RIAA , for shipments of over 1 million . The album spawned a Top 40 hit with `` Candy '' and went gold within three months in the RIAA , although such success was considered trivial compared to the overwhelming popularity of teen pop 's biggest stars at the time . ", "Amanda Leigh Moore -LRB- born April 10 , 1984 -RRB- is an American singer-songwriter and actress . Moore first came to prominence with her 1999 debut single , `` Candy '' , which peaked at number 41 on the Billboard Hot 100 . After signing with Epic Records , she released her debut album , So Real , in 1999 . It went on to receive a Platinum certification from the RIAA . Her 2000 single , `` I Wan na Be with You '' , became her first Top 30 song in the US , peaking at number 24 on the Hot 100 chart . As of 2009 , Moore has sold more than 10 million albums worldwide , according to Billboard . In 2012 , Moore was ranked # 96 on VH1 's list of `` 100 Greatest Women in Music '' , as well as # 63 on their Sexiest Artists of All Time List . Outside of her musical career , Moore has also branched out into acting . In 2001 , she made her film debut in the comedy Dr. Dolittle 2 , though it was only a minor voice role . Later that year , she co-starred as Lana Thomas in the comedy The Princess Diaries with Anne Hathaway . In 2002 , she made her starring debut with Shane West as Jamie Sullivan in the romantic drama A Walk to Remember , which was based on Nicholas Sparks ' novel of the same name . Moore later voiced Rapunzel in the 2010 animated feature Tangled , and reprised the role in a 2017 television series based on the film . In 2016 , she began starring as Rebecca Pearson in the NBC family comedy-drama series This Is Us for which she received a Golden Globe Award nomination . ", "Mandy McCartin -LRB- born 10 April 1958 -RRB- is an artist based in London , a `` proud butch lesbian '' and DJ `` classic soul fanatic '' . ", "Hamish Moore is a Scottish musician and bagpipe maker . Among Moore 's contributions to Scottish music are his development of a revived form of the bellows-blown Scottish smallpipes ; his 1985 recording of the `` Lowland '' or smallpipes , Cauld Wind Pipes , was the first contemporary complete recording of this instrument . In the 1980s and 1990s , Moore was also instrumental in exploring the links between the Scottish diaspora music of Canada 's Cape Breton Island , and earlier Scottish traditions . Moore taught at Cape Breton 's Gaelic College of Celtic Arts and Crafts , and in 1996 returned to South Uist , Scotland , to form his Ceolas musical summer school , which included Cape Breton instructors and influences . Hamish is father of Fin Moore , also a Scottish smallpiper and border piper . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "Candy_-LRB-Mandy_Moore_song-RRB-", "So_Real_-LRB-album-RRB-", "Mandy_Moore", "Mandy_McCartin", "Hamish_Moore" ]

[ "`` Candy '' is a song by American singer Mandy Moore . It served as Moore 's debut single and opening track from her 1999 debut studio album , So Real . Written and composed by Denise Rich , Dave Katz , Denny Kleiman and produced by Jive Jones , Tony Battaglia , Shaun Fisher , `` Candy '' was released on August 17 , 1999 , by Epic Records . The song stands as a classic example of a teen pop song from the late 1990s/early 2000s . Record labels began riding the wave of teen-oriented pop music , which would result in a huge phenomenon sweeping the globe , including young female singers such as Moore , Britney Spears , Jessica Simpson , and Christina Aguilera . The music video , which was directed by Chris Robinson , had a cameo by the girl group PYT . The song was part of Now That 's What I Call Music ! 4 in July 2000 and MTV 's Fantastic Females Vol . 2 in the early 2000s , though strictly on the Asian Release . Tiffany Giardina recorded a cover of this song in 2008 for her album No Average Angel , which was released in 2009 . Her version has faster tempo and was performed in upbeat pop rock and bubblegum pop style . ", "So Real is the debut studio album by American pop singer Mandy Moore . The album was released on December 7 , 1999 , in the United States by Epic Records . The album 's lyrical and visual representations maintained the common theme of virginal innocence in the late 1990s teen pop revival . The album was released mainly due to the success of teen artists Britney Spears and Christina Aguilera , who released their debut albums that same year to commercial success . So Real became a moderate hit in the United States , reaching a peak of 31 on the Billboard 200 albums chart , as well as being certified Platinum by the RIAA , for shipments of over 1 million . The album spawned a Top 40 hit with `` Candy '' and went gold within three months in the RIAA , although such success was considered trivial compared to the overwhelming popularity of teen pop 's biggest stars at the time . ", "Amanda Leigh Moore -LRB- born April 10 , 1984 -RRB- is an American singer-songwriter and actress . Moore first came to prominence with her 1999 debut single , `` Candy '' , which peaked at number 41 on the Billboard Hot 100 . After signing with Epic Records , she released her debut album , So Real , in 1999 . It went on to receive a Platinum certification from the RIAA . Her 2000 single , `` I Wan na Be with You '' , became her first Top 30 song in the US , peaking at number 24 on the Hot 100 chart . As of 2009 , Moore has sold more than 10 million albums worldwide , according to Billboard . In 2012 , Moore was ranked # 96 on VH1 's list of `` 100 Greatest Women in Music '' , as well as # 63 on their Sexiest Artists of All Time List . Outside of her musical career , Moore has also branched out into acting . In 2001 , she made her film debut in the comedy Dr. Dolittle 2 , though it was only a minor voice role . Later that year , she co-starred as Lana Thomas in the comedy The Princess Diaries with Anne Hathaway . In 2002 , she made her starring debut with Shane West as Jamie Sullivan in the romantic drama A Walk to Remember , which was based on Nicholas Sparks ' novel of the same name . Moore later voiced Rapunzel in the 2010 animated feature Tangled , and reprised the role in a 2017 television series based on the film . In 2016 , she began starring as Rebecca Pearson in the NBC family comedy-drama series This Is Us for which she received a Golden Globe Award nomination . ", "Mandy McCartin -LRB- born 10 April 1958 -RRB- is an artist based in London , a `` proud butch lesbian '' and DJ `` classic soul fanatic '' . ", "Hamish Moore is a Scottish musician and bagpipe maker . Among Moore 's contributions to Scottish music are his development of a revived form of the bellows-blown Scottish smallpipes ; his 1985 recording of the `` Lowland '' or smallpipes , Cauld Wind Pipes , was the first contemporary complete recording of this instrument . In the 1980s and 1990s , Moore was also instrumental in exploring the links between the Scottish diaspora music of Canada 's Cape Breton Island , and earlier Scottish traditions . Moore taught at Cape Breton 's Gaelic College of Celtic Arts and Crafts , and in 1996 returned to South Uist , Scotland , to form his Ceolas musical summer school , which included Cape Breton instructors and influences . Hamish is father of Fin Moore , also a Scottish smallpiper and border piper . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "Candy_-LRB-Mandy_Moore_song-RRB-", "So_Real_-LRB-album-RRB-", "Mandy_Moore", "Mandy_McCartin", "Hamish_Moore" ]

[ "`` Candy '' is a song by American singer Mandy Moore . It served as Moore 's debut single and opening track from her 1999 debut studio album , So Real . Written and composed by Denise Rich , Dave Katz , Denny Kleiman and produced by Jive Jones , Tony Battaglia , Shaun Fisher , `` Candy '' was released on August 17 , 1999 , by Epic Records . The song stands as a classic example of a teen pop song from the late 1990s/early 2000s . Record labels began riding the wave of teen-oriented pop music , which would result in a huge phenomenon sweeping the globe , including young female singers such as Moore , Britney Spears , Jessica Simpson , and Christina Aguilera . The music video , which was directed by Chris Robinson , had a cameo by the girl group PYT . The song was part of Now That 's What I Call Music ! 4 in July 2000 and MTV 's Fantastic Females Vol . 2 in the early 2000s , though strictly on the Asian Release . Tiffany Giardina recorded a cover of this song in 2008 for her album No Average Angel , which was released in 2009 . Her version has faster tempo and was performed in upbeat pop rock and bubblegum pop style . ", "So Real is the debut studio album by American pop singer Mandy Moore . The album was released on December 7 , 1999 , in the United States by Epic Records . The album 's lyrical and visual representations maintained the common theme of virginal innocence in the late 1990s teen pop revival . The album was released mainly due to the success of teen artists Britney Spears and Christina Aguilera , who released their debut albums that same year to commercial success . So Real became a moderate hit in the United States , reaching a peak of 31 on the Billboard 200 albums chart , as well as being certified Platinum by the RIAA , for shipments of over 1 million . The album spawned a Top 40 hit with `` Candy '' and went gold within three months in the RIAA , although such success was considered trivial compared to the overwhelming popularity of teen pop 's biggest stars at the time . ", "Amanda Leigh Moore -LRB- born April 10 , 1984 -RRB- is an American singer-songwriter and actress . Moore first came to prominence with her 1999 debut single , `` Candy '' , which peaked at number 41 on the Billboard Hot 100 . After signing with Epic Records , she released her debut album , So Real , in 1999 . It went on to receive a Platinum certification from the RIAA . Her 2000 single , `` I Wan na Be with You '' , became her first Top 30 song in the US , peaking at number 24 on the Hot 100 chart . As of 2009 , Moore has sold more than 10 million albums worldwide , according to Billboard . In 2012 , Moore was ranked # 96 on VH1 's list of `` 100 Greatest Women in Music '' , as well as # 63 on their Sexiest Artists of All Time List . Outside of her musical career , Moore has also branched out into acting . In 2001 , she made her film debut in the comedy Dr. Dolittle 2 , though it was only a minor voice role . Later that year , she co-starred as Lana Thomas in the comedy The Princess Diaries with Anne Hathaway . In 2002 , she made her starring debut with Shane West as Jamie Sullivan in the romantic drama A Walk to Remember , which was based on Nicholas Sparks ' novel of the same name . Moore later voiced Rapunzel in the 2010 animated feature Tangled , and reprised the role in a 2017 television series based on the film . In 2016 , she began starring as Rebecca Pearson in the NBC family comedy-drama series This Is Us for which she received a Golden Globe Award nomination . ", "Mandy McCartin -LRB- born 10 April 1958 -RRB- is an artist based in London , a `` proud butch lesbian '' and DJ `` classic soul fanatic '' . ", "Hamish Moore is a Scottish musician and bagpipe maker . Among Moore 's contributions to Scottish music are his development of a revived form of the bellows-blown Scottish smallpipes ; his 1985 recording of the `` Lowland '' or smallpipes , Cauld Wind Pipes , was the first contemporary complete recording of this instrument . In the 1980s and 1990s , Moore was also instrumental in exploring the links between the Scottish diaspora music of Canada 's Cape Breton Island , and earlier Scottish traditions . Moore taught at Cape Breton 's Gaelic College of Celtic Arts and Crafts , and in 1996 returned to South Uist , Scotland , to form his Ceolas musical summer school , which included Cape Breton instructors and influences . Hamish is father of Fin Moore , also a Scottish smallpiper and border piper . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "Candy_-LRB-Mandy_Moore_song-RRB-", "So_Real_-LRB-album-RRB-", "Mandy_Moore", "Mandy_McCartin", "Hamish_Moore" ]

[ "`` Candy '' is a song by American singer Mandy Moore . It served as Moore 's debut single and opening track from her 1999 debut studio album , So Real . Written and composed by Denise Rich , Dave Katz , Denny Kleiman and produced by Jive Jones , Tony Battaglia , Shaun Fisher , `` Candy '' was released on August 17 , 1999 , by Epic Records . The song stands as a classic example of a teen pop song from the late 1990s/early 2000s . Record labels began riding the wave of teen-oriented pop music , which would result in a huge phenomenon sweeping the globe , including young female singers such as Moore , Britney Spears , Jessica Simpson , and Christina Aguilera . The music video , which was directed by Chris Robinson , had a cameo by the girl group PYT . The song was part of Now That 's What I Call Music ! 4 in July 2000 and MTV 's Fantastic Females Vol . 2 in the early 2000s , though strictly on the Asian Release . Tiffany Giardina recorded a cover of this song in 2008 for her album No Average Angel , which was released in 2009 . Her version has faster tempo and was performed in upbeat pop rock and bubblegum pop style . ", "So Real is the debut studio album by American pop singer Mandy Moore . The album was released on December 7 , 1999 , in the United States by Epic Records . The album 's lyrical and visual representations maintained the common theme of virginal innocence in the late 1990s teen pop revival . The album was released mainly due to the success of teen artists Britney Spears and Christina Aguilera , who released their debut albums that same year to commercial success . So Real became a moderate hit in the United States , reaching a peak of 31 on the Billboard 200 albums chart , as well as being certified Platinum by the RIAA , for shipments of over 1 million . The album spawned a Top 40 hit with `` Candy '' and went gold within three months in the RIAA , although such success was considered trivial compared to the overwhelming popularity of teen pop 's biggest stars at the time . ", "Amanda Leigh Moore -LRB- born April 10 , 1984 -RRB- is an American singer-songwriter and actress . Moore first came to prominence with her 1999 debut single , `` Candy '' , which peaked at number 41 on the Billboard Hot 100 . After signing with Epic Records , she released her debut album , So Real , in 1999 . It went on to receive a Platinum certification from the RIAA . Her 2000 single , `` I Wan na Be with You '' , became her first Top 30 song in the US , peaking at number 24 on the Hot 100 chart . As of 2009 , Moore has sold more than 10 million albums worldwide , according to Billboard . In 2012 , Moore was ranked # 96 on VH1 's list of `` 100 Greatest Women in Music '' , as well as # 63 on their Sexiest Artists of All Time List . Outside of her musical career , Moore has also branched out into acting . In 2001 , she made her film debut in the comedy Dr. Dolittle 2 , though it was only a minor voice role . Later that year , she co-starred as Lana Thomas in the comedy The Princess Diaries with Anne Hathaway . In 2002 , she made her starring debut with Shane West as Jamie Sullivan in the romantic drama A Walk to Remember , which was based on Nicholas Sparks ' novel of the same name . Moore later voiced Rapunzel in the 2010 animated feature Tangled , and reprised the role in a 2017 television series based on the film . In 2016 , she began starring as Rebecca Pearson in the NBC family comedy-drama series This Is Us for which she received a Golden Globe Award nomination . ", "Mandy McCartin -LRB- born 10 April 1958 -RRB- is an artist based in London , a `` proud butch lesbian '' and DJ `` classic soul fanatic '' . ", "Hamish Moore is a Scottish musician and bagpipe maker . Among Moore 's contributions to Scottish music are his development of a revived form of the bellows-blown Scottish smallpipes ; his 1985 recording of the `` Lowland '' or smallpipes , Cauld Wind Pipes , was the first contemporary complete recording of this instrument . In the 1980s and 1990s , Moore was also instrumental in exploring the links between the Scottish diaspora music of Canada 's Cape Breton Island , and earlier Scottish traditions . Moore taught at Cape Breton 's Gaelic College of Celtic Arts and Crafts , and in 1996 returned to South Uist , Scotland , to form his Ceolas musical summer school , which included Cape Breton instructors and influences . Hamish is father of Fin Moore , also a Scottish smallpiper and border piper . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "Boeing_787_Dreamliner", "Boeing_767", "Airbus_A380", "Top_Secret_-LRB-aircraft-RRB-", "F7" ]

[ "The Boeing 787 Dreamliner is an American long-haul , mid-size widebody , twin-engine jet airliner made by Boeing Commercial Airplanes . Its variants seat 242 to 335 passengers in typical three-class seating configurations . It is a pioneering airliner with the use of composite materials as the primary material in the construction of its airframe . The 787 was designed to be 20 % more fuel efficient than the Boeing 767 , which it was intended to replace . The 787 Dreamliner 's distinguishing features include mostly electrical flight systems , raked wingtips , and noise-reducing chevrons on its engine nacelles . It shares a common type rating with the larger Boeing 777 to allow qualified pilots to operate both models . The aircraft 's initial designation was the 7E7 , prior to its renaming in January 2005 . The first 787 was unveiled in a roll-out ceremony on July 8 , 2007 at Boeing 's Everett factory . Development and production of the 787 has involved a large-scale collaboration with numerous suppliers worldwide . Final assembly takes place at the Boeing Everett Factory in Everett , Washington , and at the Boeing South Carolina factory in North Charleston , South Carolina . Originally planned to enter service in May 2008 , the project experienced multiple delays . The airliner 's maiden flight took place on December 15 , 2009 , and completed flight testing in mid-2011 . Boeing has reportedly spent $ 32 billion on the 787 program . Final US Federal Aviation Administration -LRB- FAA -RRB- and European Aviation Safety Agency -LRB- EASA -RRB- type certification was received in August 2011 and the first 787-8 was delivered in September 2011 . It entered commercial service on October 26 , 2011 with launch customer All Nippon Airways . The stretched 787-9 variant , which is 20 ft longer and can fly 450 nmi farther than the -8 , first flew in September 2013 . Deliveries of the 787-9 began in July 2014 ; it entered commercial service on August 7 , 2014 with All Nippon Airways , with 787-9 launch customer Air New Zealand following two days later . As of April 2017 , the 787 had orders for 1,213 aircraft from 64 customers , with All Nippon Airways having the largest number on order . The aircraft has suffered from several in-service problems , including fires on board related to its lithium-ion batteries . These systems were reviewed by both the FAA and the Japan Civil Aviation Bureau . The FAA issued a directive in January 2013 that grounded all 787s in the US and other civil aviation authorities followed suit . After Boeing completed tests on a revised battery design , the FAA approved the revised design and lifted the grounding in April 2013 ; the 787 returned to passenger service later that month . ", "The Boeing 767 is a mid - to large-size , long-range , wide-body twin-engine jet airliner built by Boeing Commercial Airplanes . It was Boeing 's first wide-body twinjet and its first airliner with a two-crew glass cockpit . The aircraft has two turbofan engines , a conventional tail , and , for reduced aerodynamic drag , a supercritical wing design . Designed as a smaller wide-body airliner than earlier aircraft such as the 747 , the 767 has seating capacity for 181 to 375 people , and a design range of 3850 to , depending on variant . Development of the 767 occurred in tandem with a narrow-body twinjet , the 757 , resulting in shared design features which allow pilots to obtain a common type rating to operate both aircraft . The 767 is produced in three fuselage lengths . The original 767-200 entered service in 1982 , followed by the 767-300 in 1986 and the 767-400ER , an extended-range -LRB- ER -RRB- variant , in 2000 . The extended-range 767-200ER and 767-300ER models entered service in 1984 and 1988 , respectively , while a production freighter version , the 767-300F , debuted in 1995 . Conversion programs have modified passenger 767-200 and 767-300 series aircraft for cargo use , while military derivatives include the E-767 surveillance aircraft , the KC-767 and KC-46 aerial tankers , and VIP transports . Engines featured on the 767 include the General Electric CF6 , Pratt & Whitney JT9D and PW4000 , and Rolls-Royce RB211 turbofans . United Airlines first placed the 767 in commercial service in 1982 . The aircraft was initially flown on domestic and transcontinental routes , during which it demonstrated the reliability of its twinjet design . In 1985 , the 767 became the first twin-engined airliner to receive regulatory approval for extended overseas flights . The aircraft was then used to expand non-stop service on medium - to long-haul intercontinental routes . In 1986 , Boeing initiated studies for a higher-capacity 767 , ultimately leading to the development of the 777 , a larger wide-body twinjet . In the 1990s , the 767 became the most frequently used airliner for transatlantic flights between North America and Europe . The 767 is the first twinjet wide-body type to reach 1,000 aircraft delivered . As of April 2017 , Boeing has received 1,204 orders for the 767 from 74 customers ; 1,098 have been delivered . A total of 742 of these aircraft were in service in July 2016 ; the most popular variant is the 767-300ER , with 583 delivered ; Delta Air Lines is the largest operator , with 91 aircraft . Competitors have included the Airbus A300 , A310 , and A330-200 , while a successor , the 787 Dreamliner , entered service in October 2011 . Despite this , the 767 still remains in production . ", "The Airbus A380 is a double-deck , wide-body , four-engine jet airliner manufactured by European manufacturer Airbus . It is the world 's largest passenger airliner , and the airports at which it operates have upgraded facilities to accommodate it . It was initially named Airbus A3XX and designed to challenge Boeing 's monopoly in the large-aircraft market . The A380 made its first flight on 27 April 2005 and entered commercial service on 25 October 2007 with Singapore Airlines . The A380 's upper deck extends along the entire length of the fuselage , with a width equivalent to a wide-body aircraft . This gives the A380-800 's cabin 550 m2 of usable floor space , 40 % more than the next largest airliner , the Boeing 747-8 , and provides seating for 525 people in a typical three-class configuration or up to 853 people in an all-economy class configuration . The A380-800 has a design range of 15700 km , serving the second - and third-longest non-stop scheduled flights in the world -LRB- as of February 2017 -RRB- , and a cruising speed of Mach 0.85 -LRB- about 900 km/h , 560 mph or 490 kt at cruising altitude -RRB- . , Airbus had received 317 firm orders and delivered 210 aircraft ; Emirates is the biggest A380 customer with 142 ordered of which 94 have been delivered . ", "Top Secret was the name of a Boeing B-29 Superfortress -LRB- B-29-36-MO 44-27302 , `` victor number ' 72 -RRB- modified to carry the atomic bomb in World War II . It served with the Army Air Forces and United States Air Force from 1945 until 1954 . ", "F7 , F.VII , F07 , F 7 or F-7 may refer to : Ambrosini F. 7 Rondone II , an Italian light touring monoplane that first flew in 1954 Caproni Vizzola F. 7 , an Italian fighter design of the 1940s F-7 Liberator , a U.S. reconnaissance version of the B-24 bomber F 7 Såtenäs , a Swedish Air Force wing F 7 , a Kriegsmarine F-class escort ship of the late 1930s F-7 Sea Dart , American experimental hydro-ski seaplane fighter F-7 Skybolt/Airguard , the export version of the Chinese Chengdu J-7 fighter F7 -LRB- video game character -RRB- , a Street Fighter character EMD F7 , a diesel locomotive Fokker F.VII , a 1924 Dutch airliner HMAS Yarra -LRB- F07 -RRB- , a 1958 Royal Australian Navy River class destroyer escort HMS Afridi -LRB- F07 -RRB- , a 1937 British Royal Navy Tribal-class destroyer HMS Vidette -LRB- F07 -RRB- , 1918 British Royal Navy V class destroyer IHI Corporation F7 , a small Japanese turbofan LNER Class F7 , a class of twelve steam locomotives transferred from the GER Milwaukee Road class F7 , a steam locomotive Flybaboo , IATA airline designator A standard white point for narrow band daylight fluorescent lamps F7 , a note of high altitude in the seventh octave and the whistle register Factor VII , a coagulation factor F7 , a wheelchair sport classification that corresponds to the neurological level S1-S2 F7U Cutlass , a fighter plane used by the US Navy A function key on a computer keyboard F07 , personality and behavioural disorders due to brain disease , damage and dysfunction ICD-10 code F-7 , a residential sector in Islamabad , Pakistan Sydney Ferries ' Eastern Suburbs ferry services , known as the F7 F7 : an EEG electrode site according to the 10-20 system . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 0, 1 ]

[ "Dawood_Ibrahim", "D-Company", "History_of_Ahmednagar", "Junaid_Dawood", "Ibrahim_Adil_Shah_II" ]

[ "Dawood Ibrahim -LRB- Marathi : दाऊद इब्राहीम कासकर , born Dawood Ibrahim Kaskar 26 December 1955 -RRB- , known as Dawood Bhai or simply Bhai is a gangster and terrorist originally from Dongri in Mumbai , India . The word `` Bhai '' means `` Big brother '' . In the lingo of the Mumbai underworld , the word `` Bhai '' is attributed to members of the underworld who hold considerable power . He heads the Indian organised crime syndicate D-Company founded in Mumbai . He is currently on the wanted list of Interpol for cheating , criminal conspiracy and running an organised crime syndicate . He was number three on the The World 's 10 Most Wanted . ", "Dawood Company is a term coined by the media for the organized criminal group controlled by wanted terrorist and crime boss Dawood Ibrahim ", "The history of Ahmednagar -LRB- a city in Maharashtra , India -RRB- begins in the 12th century , and is closely linked to the history of Nizam Shahi sultanate , Shivaji , the founder of the Maratha empire , and to the Peshwa , the ministers of the Maratha empire and later the Maratha confederacy ", "Junaid Dawood -LRB- born 2 October 1996 -RRB- is a South African cricketer . He made his Twenty20 debut for Eastern Province against KwaZulu-Natal in the 2016 Africa T20 Cup on 25 September 2016 . He made his first-class debut for Eastern Province in the 2016 -- 17 Sunfoil 3-Day Cup on 20 October 2016 . He made his List A debut for Eastern Province in the 2016 -- 17 CSA Provincial One-Day Challenge on 15 January 2017 . ", "Ibrahim Adil Shah II -LRB- 1556 -- 12 September 1627 -RRB- was king of the Sultanate of Bijapur and a member of the Adil Shahi dynasty . Under his reign the dynasty had its greatest period as he extended its frontier as far south as Mysore . He was a skilful administrator , artist , poet and a generous patron of the arts . He reverted to the Sunni sect of Islam , but remained tolerant of other religions , including Christianity . However , during his reign high-ranking Shiite immigrants became unwelcome and in 1590 , he ordered the confinement of criers who read the khutba in the Shia form . After his reign , increasing weakness permitted Mughal encroachment and the successful revolt of the Maratha king Shivaji , who killed the Bijapur general Afzal Khan and scattered his army . The dynasty left a tradition of cosmopolitan culture and artistic patronage whose architectural remains are to be seen in the capital city of Bijapur . " ]

[ 2, 0, 1, 0, 1 ]

[ "Dawood_Ibrahim", "D-Company", "History_of_Ahmednagar", "Junaid_Dawood", "Ibrahim_Adil_Shah_II" ]

[ "Dawood Ibrahim -LRB- Marathi : दाऊद इब्राहीम कासकर , born Dawood Ibrahim Kaskar 26 December 1955 -RRB- , known as Dawood Bhai or simply Bhai is a gangster and terrorist originally from Dongri in Mumbai , India . The word `` Bhai '' means `` Big brother '' . In the lingo of the Mumbai underworld , the word `` Bhai '' is attributed to members of the underworld who hold considerable power . He heads the Indian organised crime syndicate D-Company founded in Mumbai . He is currently on the wanted list of Interpol for cheating , criminal conspiracy and running an organised crime syndicate . He was number three on the The World 's 10 Most Wanted . ", "Dawood Company is a term coined by the media for the organized criminal group controlled by wanted terrorist and crime boss Dawood Ibrahim ", "The history of Ahmednagar -LRB- a city in Maharashtra , India -RRB- begins in the 12th century , and is closely linked to the history of Nizam Shahi sultanate , Shivaji , the founder of the Maratha empire , and to the Peshwa , the ministers of the Maratha empire and later the Maratha confederacy ", "Junaid Dawood -LRB- born 2 October 1996 -RRB- is a South African cricketer . He made his Twenty20 debut for Eastern Province against KwaZulu-Natal in the 2016 Africa T20 Cup on 25 September 2016 . He made his first-class debut for Eastern Province in the 2016 -- 17 Sunfoil 3-Day Cup on 20 October 2016 . He made his List A debut for Eastern Province in the 2016 -- 17 CSA Provincial One-Day Challenge on 15 January 2017 . ", "Ibrahim Adil Shah II -LRB- 1556 -- 12 September 1627 -RRB- was king of the Sultanate of Bijapur and a member of the Adil Shahi dynasty . Under his reign the dynasty had its greatest period as he extended its frontier as far south as Mysore . He was a skilful administrator , artist , poet and a generous patron of the arts . He reverted to the Sunni sect of Islam , but remained tolerant of other religions , including Christianity . However , during his reign high-ranking Shiite immigrants became unwelcome and in 1590 , he ordered the confinement of criers who read the khutba in the Shia form . After his reign , increasing weakness permitted Mughal encroachment and the successful revolt of the Maratha king Shivaji , who killed the Bijapur general Afzal Khan and scattered his army . The dynasty left a tradition of cosmopolitan culture and artistic patronage whose architectural remains are to be seen in the capital city of Bijapur . " ]

[ 2, 0, 1, 0, 1 ]

[ "Henry_III_of_France", "Henry_IV_of_France", "Henry_of_France", "Henry_III_of_England", "Henry_V_of_England" ]

[ "Henry III -LRB- 19 September 1551 -- 2 August 1589 ; born Alexandre Édouard de France , Henryk Walezy , Henrikas Valua -RRB- was a monarch of the House of Valois who was elected the monarch of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1573 to 1575 and ruled as King of France from 1574 until his death . He was the last French monarch of the Valois dynasty . As the fourth son of King Henry II of France and Catherine de ' Medici , Henry was not expected to assume the throne of France . He was thus a good candidate for the vacant Commonwealth throne , and he was elected with the dual titles King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania . Henry 's rule over the Commonwealth was brief , but notable . The Henrician Articles he signed into law accepting the Commonwealth throne established Poland as an elective monarchy subject to free election by the Polish nobility . Of his three older brothers , two would live long enough to ascend the French throne , but both died young and without a legitimate male heir . He abandoned Commonwealth upon receiving word that he had inherited the throne of France at the age of 22 . The kingdom of France was at the time plagued by the Wars of Religion , and Henry 's authority was undermined by violent political parties funded by foreign powers : the Catholic League -LRB- supported by Spain -RRB- , the Protestant Huguenots -LRB- supported by England and the Dutch -RRB- and the Malcontents , led by Henry 's own brother , the Duke of Alençon , which was a party of Catholic and Protestant aristocrats who jointly opposed the absolutist ambitions of the king . Henry III was himself a politique , arguing that a strong and religiously tolerant monarchy would save France from collapse . After the death of Henry 's younger brother Francis , Duke of Anjou , and when it became apparent that Henry would not produce an heir , the Wars of Religion grew into a succession crisis that resulted in a war known as the War of the Three Henrys . Henry III 's legitimate heir was his distant cousin Henry , King of Navarre , a Protestant . The Catholic League , led by Henry I , Duke of Guise , sought to exclude Protestants from the succession and championed the Catholic Charles , Cardinal of Bourbon , as Henry III 's heir . In 1589 , Jacques Clément , a Catholic fanatic , murdered Henry III , who was succeeded by the King of Navarre who , as Henry IV , would assume the throne of France after converting to Catholicism , and become the first French king of the House of Bourbon . ", "Henry IV -LRB- Henri IV , read as Henri-Quatre -LSB- ɑ̃ʁi.katʁ -RSB- ; 13 December 1553 -- 14 May 1610 -RRB- , also known by the epithet `` Good King Henry '' , was King of Navarre -LRB- as Henry III -RRB- from 1572 to 1610 and King of France from 1589 to 1610 . He was the first French monarch of the House of Bourbon , a branch of the Capetian dynasty . Baptised as a Catholic but raised in the Protestant faith by his mother Jeanne d'Albret , Queen of Navarre , he inherited the throne of Navarre in 1572 on the death of his mother . As a Huguenot , Henry was involved in the French Wars of Religion , barely escaping assassination in the St. Bartholomew 's Day massacre , and later led Protestant forces against the royal army . Henry , as Head of the House of Bourbon , was a direct male-line descendant of Louis IX of France , and `` first prince of the blood '' . Upon the death of his brother-in-law and distant cousin Henry III of France in 1589 , Henry was called to the French succession by the Salic law . He initially kept the Protestant faith and had to fight against the Catholic League , which denied that he could wear France 's crown as a Protestant . To obtain mastery over his kingdom , after four years of stalemate , he found it prudent to abjure the Calvinist faith . As a pragmatic politician -LRB- in the parlance of the time , a politique -RRB- , he displayed an unusual religious tolerance for the era . Notably , he promulgated the Edict of Nantes -LRB- 1598 -RRB- , which guaranteed religious liberties to Protestants , thereby effectively ending the Wars of Religion . He was assassinated in 1610 by François Ravaillac , a fanatical Catholic , and was succeeded by his son Louis XIII . Considered a usurper by some Catholics and a traitor by some Protestants , Henry became target of at least 12 assassination attempts . An unpopular king immediately after his accession , Henry 's popularity greatly improved after his death , in light of repeated victories over his enemies and his conversion to Catholicism . The `` Good King Henry '' -LRB- le bon roi Henri -RRB- was remembered for his geniality and his great concern about the welfare of his subjects . He was celebrated in the popular song Vive le roi Henri and in Voltaire 's Henriade . ", "Henry of France may refer to : Henry I of France -LRB- 1008 -- 1060 -RRB- , King of France , reigned 1027 -- 1060 Henry II of France -LRB- 1519 -- 1559 -RRB- , King of France , reigned 1547 -- 1559 Henry III of France -LRB- 1551 -- 1589 -RRB- , King of France , reigned 1573 -- 1575 Henry IV of France -LRB- 1553 -- 1610 -RRB- , King of France , reigned 1589 -- 1610 Henry V of France -LRB- 1820 -- 1883 -RRB- , pretender , 19th century Henry of France -LRB- born 1083 and died young -RRB- , second son of Philip I of France Henry of France , Archbishop of Reims -LRB- 1121 -- 1175 -RRB- , Bishop of Beauvais then Archbishop of Reims , son of Louis VI of France ", "Henry III -LRB- 1 October 1207 -- 16 November 1272 -RRB- , also known as Henry of Winchester , was King of England , Lord of Ireland and Duke of Aquitaine from 1216 until his death . The son of King John and Isabella of Angoulême , Henry assumed the throne when he was only nine in the middle of the First Barons ' War . Cardinal Guala declared the war against the rebel barons to be a religious crusade and Henry 's forces , led by William Marshal , defeated the rebels at the battles of Lincoln and Sandwich in 1217 . Henry promised to abide by the Great Charter of 1225 , which limited royal power and protected the rights of the major barons . His early rule was dominated first by Hubert de Burgh and then Peter des Roches , who re-established royal authority after the war . In 1230 the King attempted to reconquer the provinces of France that had once belonged to his father , but the invasion was a debacle . A revolt led by William Marshal 's son , Richard , broke out in 1232 , ending in a peace settlement negotiated by the Church . Following the revolt , Henry ruled England personally , rather than governing through senior ministers . He travelled less than previous monarchs , investing heavily in a handful of his favourite palaces and castles . He married Eleanor of Provence , with whom he had five children . Henry was known for his piety , holding lavish religious ceremonies and giving generously to charities ; the King was particularly devoted to the figure of Edward the Confessor , whom he adopted as his patron saint . He extracted huge sums of money from the Jews in England , ultimately crippling their ability to do business , and as attitudes towards the Jews hardened , he introduced the Statute of Jewry , attempting to segregate the community . In a fresh attempt to reclaim his family 's lands in France , he invaded Poitou in 1242 , leading to the disastrous Battle of Taillebourg . After this , Henry relied on diplomacy , cultivating an alliance with Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II . Henry supported his brother Richard in his bid to become King of the Romans in 1256 , but was unable to place his own son Edmund on the throne of Sicily , despite investing large amounts of money . He planned to go on crusade to the Levant , but was prevented from doing so by rebellions in Gascony . By 1258 , Henry 's rule was increasingly unpopular , the result of the failure of his expensive foreign policies and the notoriety of his Poitevin half-brothers , the Lusignans , as well as the role of his local officials in collecting taxes and debts . A coalition of his barons , initially probably backed by Eleanor , seized power in a coup d'état and expelled the Poitevins from England , reforming the royal government through a process called the Provisions of Oxford . Henry and the baronial government enacted a peace with France in 1259 , under which Henry gave up his rights to his other lands in France in return for King Louis IX of France recognising him as the rightful ruler of Gascony . The baronial regime collapsed but Henry was unable to reform a stable government and instability across England continued . In 1263 one of the more radical barons , Simon de Montfort , seized power , resulting in the Second Barons ' War . Henry persuaded Louis to support his cause and mobilised an army . The Battle of Lewes occurred in 1264 , where Henry was defeated and taken prisoner . Henry 's eldest son , Edward , escaped from captivity to defeat de Montfort at the Battle of Evesham the following year and freed his father . Henry initially enacted a harsh revenge on the remaining rebels , but was persuaded by the Church to mollify his policies through the Dictum of Kenilworth . Reconstruction was slow and Henry had to acquiesce to various measures , including further suppression of the Jews , to maintain baronial and popular support . Henry died in 1272 , leaving Edward as his successor . He was buried in Westminster Abbey , which he had rebuilt in the second half of his reign , and was moved to his current tomb in 1290 . Some miracles were declared after his death but he was not canonised . ", "Henry V -LRB- 9 August 1386 -- 31 August 1422 -RRB- was King of England from 1413 until his death at the age of 36 in 1422 . He was the second English monarch who came from the House of Lancaster . After military experience fighting the Welsh during the revolt of Owain Glyndŵr , and against the powerful aristocratic Percys of Northumberland at the Battle of Shrewsbury , Henry came into political conflict with his father , whose health was increasingly precarious from 1405 onward . After his father 's death in 1413 , Henry assumed control of the country and embarked on war with France in the ongoing Hundred Years ' War -LRB- 1337 -- 1453 -RRB- between the two nations . His military successes culminated in his famous victory at the Battle of Agincourt -LRB- 1415 -RRB- and saw him come close to conquering France . After months of negotiation with Charles VI of France , the Treaty of Troyes -LRB- 1420 -RRB- recognised Henry V as regent and heir apparent to the French throne , and he was subsequently married to Charles 's daughter , Catherine of Valois -LRB- 1401 -- 37 -RRB- . Following Henry V 's sudden and unexpected death in France two years later , he was succeeded by his infant son , who reigned as Henry VI -LRB- 1422 -- 61 , 1470 -- 71 -RRB- . " ]

[ 2, 2, 0, 2, 2 ]

[ "Babur", "Mughal_Empire", "Mohan_Babu", "Mubarak_Khwaja", "Timur" ]

[ "Babur -LRB- -LSB- بابر , lit = Tiger , translit = Bābur -RSB- 14 February 148326 December 1530 -RRB- , born Ẓahīr-ud-Dīn Muḥammad -LRB- -LSB- ظهیرالدین محمد , translit = Ẓahīr ad-Dīn Muḥammad -RSB- -RRB- , was a conqueror from Central Asia who , following a series of setbacks , finally succeeded in laying the basis for the Mughal dynasty in the Indian subcontinent and became the first Mughal emperor . He was a direct descendant of Turco-Mongol conqueror Timur -LRB- Tamurlane -RRB- from the Barlas clan , through his father , and also a descendant of Genghis Khan through his mother . He was also influenced by the Persian culture and this affected both his own actions and those of his successors , giving rise to a significant expansion of the Persianate ethos in the Indian subcontinent . Babur was the eldest son of Umar Sheikh Mirza . He ascended the throne of Fergana in 1495 at the age of twelve and faced rebellion from his own relatives . He conquered Samarkand two years later , only to lose the city of Fergana soon after . In his attempt to reconquer Fergana , he lost control of Samarkand . In 1501 , his attempt to recapture both cities went in vain as he was defeated by Muhammad Shaybani Khan . In 1504 , he conquered Kabul , which was under the rule of the infant heir of Ulugh Begh . Babur formed a partnership with Safavid ruler Ismail I and reconquered parts of central Asia , including Samarkand , only to again lose it and the other newly conquered lands to the Uzbeks . After losing Samarkand for the third time , Babur turned his attention to creating his empire in north India . At that time , the Indo-Gangetic Plain of the northern Indian Subcontinent was ruled by Ibrahim Lodi of the Afghan Lodi dynasty , whereas Rajputana was ruled by a Hindu Rajput Confederacy , led by Rana Sanga of Mewar . In 1524 , Daulat Khan Lodi , a rebel of the Lodhi dynasty , invited Babur to overthrow Ibrahim and become ruler . Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi at the First Battle of Panipat in 1526 and founded the Mughal empire . However , he again faced opposition , this time from Rana Sanga of Mewar who considered Babur a foreigner . The Rana was defeated at the Battle of Khanwa . Babur married several times . Notable among his sons are Humayun , Kamran Mirza and Hindal Mirza . Babur died in 1530 and was succeeded by Humayun . According to Babur 's wishes , he was buried in Bagh-e-Babur in Kabul , Afghanistan . Being a patrilineal descendant of Timur , Babur considered himself a Timurid and Turk , though Uzbek sources claim him as an ethnic Uzbek . He is considered a national hero in Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan . Many of his poems also have become popular folk songs . He wrote his autobiography , Baburnama , in Chaghatai Turkic and this was translated into Persian during Akbar 's reign . ", "The Mughal Empire or Mogul Empire , self-designated as Gurkani -LRB- گورکانیان , Gūrkāniyān , meaning `` son-in-law '' -RRB- , was an empire in the Indian subcontinent , established and ruled by a Muslim Turkic dynasty of Chagatai origin from Central Asia . The dynasty , though ethnically Turco-Mongol , was Persianate in culture , with local influences visible in its traits and customs . The Mughal empire extended over large parts of the Indian subcontinent and Afghanistan . The empire at its peak was the second largest to have existed in the Indian subcontinent , spanning 4 million square kilometres at its zenith after the Maurya Empire which spanned 5 million square kilometres . The beginning of the empire is conventionally dated to the victory by its founder Babur over Ibrahim Lodi , the last ruler of the Delhi Sultanate , in the First Battle of Panipat -LRB- 1526 -RRB- . The Mughal emperors were Central Asian Turco-Mongols belonging to the Timurid dynasty , who claimed direct descent from both Genghis Khan -LRB- founder of the Mongol Empire , through his son Chagatai Khan -RRB- and Timur -LRB- Turco-Mongol conqueror who founded the Timurid Empire -RRB- . During the reign of Humayun , the successor of Babur , the empire was briefly interrupted by the Sur Empire . The `` classic period '' of the Mughal Empire started in 1556 with the ascension of Akbar the Great to the throne . Under the rule of Akbar and his son Jahangir , the region enjoyed economic progress as well as religious harmony , and the monarchs were interested in local religious and cultural traditions . Akbar was a successful warrior who also forged alliances with several Hindu Rajput kingdoms . Some Rajput kingdoms continued to pose a significant threat to the Mughal dominance of northwestern India , but most of them were subdued by Akbar . All Mughal emperors were Muslims ; while Akbar was Muslim most of his life , he propounded a syncretic religion in the latter part of his life called Dīn-i Ilāhī , as recorded in historical books like Ain-i-Akbari and Dabistān-i Mazāhib . The Mughal Empire did not try to intervene in the local societies during most of its existence , but rather balanced and pacified them through new administrative practices and diverse and inclusive ruling elites , leading to more systematic , centralised , and uniform rule . Traditional and newly coherent social groups in northern and western India , such as the Marathas , the Rajputs , the Pashtuns , the Hindu Jats and the Sikhs , gained military and governing ambitions during Mughal rule , which , through collaboration or adversity , gave them both recognition and military experience . The reign of Shah Jahan , the fifth emperor , between 1628 and 1658 was the golden age of Mughal architecture . He erected several large monuments , the best known of which is the Taj Mahal at Agra , as well as the Moti Masjid , Agra , the Red Fort , the Jama Masjid , Delhi , and the Lahore Fort . The Mughal Empire reached the zenith of its territorial expanse during the reign of Aurangzeb and also started its terminal decline in his reign due to Maratha military resurgence under Shivaji Bhosale . During his lifetime , victories in the south expanded the Mughal Empire to more than 3.2 million square kilometres -LRB- 1.2 million square miles -RRB- , ruling over more than 150 million subjects , nearly one quarter of the world 's population at the time , with a combined GDP of over $ 90 billion . By the mid-18th century , the Marathas had routed Mughal armies and won over several Mughal provinces from the Punjab to Bengal . Internal dissatisfaction arose due to the weakness of the empire 's administrative and economic systems , leading to its break-up and declarations of independence of its former provinces by the Nawab of Bengal , the Nawab of Awadh , the Nizam of Hyderabad and other small states . In 1739 , the Mughals were crushingly defeated in the Battle of Karnal by the forces of Nader Shah , the founder of the Afsharid dynasty in Persia , and Delhi was sacked and looted , drastically accelerating their decline . During the following century Mughal power had become severely limited , and the last emperor , Bahadur Shah II , had authority over only the city of Shahjahanabad . He issued a firman supporting the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and following the defeat was therefore tried by the British East India Company for treason , imprisoned and exiled to Rangoon . The last remnants of the empire were formally taken over by the British , and the Government of India Act 1858 let the British Crown formally assume direct control of India in the form of the new British Raj . ", "Mohan Babu -LRB- born Manchu Bhakthavatsalam Naidu -RRB- is an Indian film actor , director , and producer , known for his works predominantly in Telugu Cinema and few Tamil films . An alumnus of the Madras Film Institute , Mohan Babu has acted in more than five hundred feature films in lead , supporting and a variety of roles . In 1995 , He has received Filmfare Best Actor Award , for his work in the multi-starrer Pedarayudu , which also starred Rajnikanth in a pivotal role . In 2007 , He has received the CineMAA Award for Best Supporting Actor for his work in Yamadonga . Mohan Babu was awarded an honorary doctorate from University of California , Berkeley for his contribution to the field of cinema and education . He is the co-owner of production companies such as Sree Lakshmi Prasanna Pictures , 24 Frames Factory and Manchu Entertainment . In 2016 , He has garnered the Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award -- South . A former Physical Education Instructor , Mohan Babu is a noted educationalist , and operates Sri Vidya Niketan Educational Institutions , and is the founder of Sree Vidyanikethan Educational Trust . In the year 2007 , he received Padma Shri for his contribution to the field of Arts and education . He is a former Member of Parliament -- Rajya Sabha from Andhra Pradesh after being elected in the year 1995 . He was also elected a Deputy into the International Parliament for Safety and Peace , an intergovernmental organization based in Italy . He is referred to in the media as Dialogue King , Collection King , Nataprapoorna , and Natavachaspathi . In 1980 , He was starred in the Tamil film , Guru , alongside Kamal Hassan . In the same year he portrayed a British commanding officer in Sardar Papa Rayudu , alongside N. T. Rama Rao . He received critical reception for his antagonist roles in films like Alluri Seetharama Raju -LRB- 1974 -RRB- , Swargam Narakam -LRB- 1975 -RRB- , Gorantha Deepam -LRB- 1978 -RRB- , Sivaranjani -LRB- 1978 -RRB- , Padaharella Vayasu -LRB- 1978 -RRB- , Driver Ramudu -LRB- 1979 -RRB- , Satyam Shivam -LRB- 1981 -RRB- , Premabhishekam -LRB- 1981 -RRB- , Chattaniki Kallu Levu -LRB- 1981 -RRB- , Patnam Vachina Pativrathalu -LRB- 1982 -RRB- , Grihalakshmi -LRB- 1984 -RRB- , Adavi Donga -LRB- 1985 -RRB- , khaidi No. 786 -LRB- 1988 -RRB- , Gruhapravesam -LRB- 1988 -RRB- , Janaki Ramudu -LRB- 1988 -RRB- , Lankeshwarudu -LRB- 1989 -RRB- , Kodama Simham -LRB- 1990 -RRB- , Kondaveeti Donga -LRB- 1990 -RRB- , Annamayya -LRB- 1997 -RRB- , and Sri Jagadguru Aadi Sankara -LRB- 2013 -RRB- . On the other hand , he was starred in blockbusters like Alludugaru -LRB- 1990 -RRB- alongside Ramya Krishnan , Assembly Rowdy -LRB- 1991 -RRB- alongside Divya Bharti , Allari Mogudu -LRB- 1992 -RRB- alongside Meena , Major Chandrakanth -LRB- 1993 -RRB- alongside Nagma , Veedevadandi Babu -LRB- 1997 -RRB- alongside Shilpa Shetty , Pandavulu Pandavulu Thummeda -LRB- 2014 -RRB- alongside Raveena Tandon , and Rowdy -LRB- 2014 -RRB- alongside Jaya Sudha . ", "Mubarak Khwaja was the khan of White Horde between 1320-1344 . He succeeded his brother , Ilbasan , with the assistance of Uzbeg , Khan of the Golden Horde and the House of Batu . However , he declared his independence from Sarai . The Khan sent his son Tini Beg to overthrow him . Thus , he was replaced by Chimtay , son of Ilbasan . He may have lived longer after his dethronement , occupying some lands . Category : History of Kazakhstan Category : Nomadic groups in Eurasia Category : Golden Horde Category :14 th-century monarchs in Asia ", "Timur -LRB- تیمور Temūr , Chagatai : Temür , 9 April 1336 -- 18 February 1405 -RRB- , historically known as Amir Timur and Tamerlane -LRB- تيمور لنگ Temūr -LRB- - i -RRB- Lang , `` Timur the Lame '' -RRB- , was a Turco-Mongol conqueror . As the founder of the Timurid Empire in Persia and Central Asia he became the first ruler in the Timurid dynasty . Born into the Barlas confederation in Transoxiana on 9 April 1336 , Timur gained control of the western Chagatai Khanate by 1370 . From that base he led military campaigns across Western , South and Central Asia , the Caucasus and southern Russia , and emerged as the most powerful ruler in the Muslim world after defeating the Mamluks of Egypt and Syria , the emerging Ottoman Empire , and the declining Delhi Sultanate . From these conquests he founded the Timurid Empire , but this empire fragmented shortly after his death . Timur is considered the last of the great nomadic conquerors of the Eurasian Steppe , and his empire set the stage for the rise of the more structured and lasting Gunpowder Empires in the 1500s and 1600s . According to John Joseph Saunders , Timur 's background was Iranized and not steppe nomad . Timur envisioned the restoration of the Mongol Empire of Genghis Khan -LRB- died 1227 -RRB- . `` In his formal correspondence Temur continued throughout his life to portray himself as the restorer of Chinggisid rights . He justified his Iranian , Mamluk , and Ottoman campaigns as a re-imposition of legitimate Mongol control over lands taken by usurpers . To legitimize his conquests , Timur relied on Islamic symbols and language , referred to himself as the `` Sword of Islam '' , and patronized educational and religious institutions . He converted nearly all the Borjigin leaders to Islam during his lifetime . `` Temur , a non-Chinggisid , tried to build a double legitimacy based on his role as both guardian and restorer of the Mongol Empire . '' Timur also decisively defeated the Christian Knights Hospitaller at the Siege of Smyrna , styling himself a ghazi . By the end of his reign , Timur had gained complete control over all the remnants of the Chagatai Khanate , the Ilkhanate , and the Golden Horde , and even attempted to restore the Yuan dynasty in China . Timur 's armies were inclusively multi-ethnic and were feared throughout Asia , Africa , and Europe , sizable parts of which his campaigns laid to waste . Scholars estimate that his military campaigns caused the deaths of 17 million people , amounting to about 5 % of the world population at the time . He was the grandfather of the renowned Timurid sultan , astronomer and mathematician Ulugh Beg , who ruled Central Asia from 1411 to 1449 , and the great-great-great-grandfather of Babur -LRB- 1483-1530 -RRB- , founder of the Mughal Empire , which ruled parts of South Asia for over three centuries , from 1526 until 1857 . Timur is also recognized as a great patron of art and architecture , as he interacted with Muslim intellectuals such as Ibn Khaldun and Hafiz-i Abru . " ]

[ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ]

[ "Eurotas_-LRB-river-RRB-", "Cephissus_-LRB-Boeotia-RRB-", "Greece", "Cyclades", "Therapeio" ]

[ "The Eurotas or Evrotas -LRB- Greek : Ευρώτας -RRB- is the main river of Laconia and one of the major rivers of the Peloponnese , in Greece . The river 's springs are located just northwest of the border between Laconia and Arcadia , at Skortsinos . The river is also fed by underwater springs at Pellana and by tributaries coursing down from Mt. Taygetos and Mt. Parnon , which flank the Eurotas valley to the west and east , respectively . The river is 82 km long , flowing in a north-south direction and emptying into the Laconian Gulf . ", "The Cephissus or Kifisos is a river in central Greece . In Greek mythology the river god Cephissus was associated with this river . The river rises at Lilaia in Phocis , on the northwestern slope of Mount Parnassus . It flows east through the Boeotian plain , passing the towns Amfikleia , Kato Tithorea and Orchomenos . It drained into Lake Copais , which was therefore also called the Cephisian Lake , until 1887 , when the lake was drained . An artificial outflow has been created to Lake Yliki -LRB- ancient Hylice -RRB- , further east . Pausanias records a Theban tradition that the river Cephissus formerly flowed under a mountain and entered the sea until Heracles blocked the passage and diverted the water into the Orchomenian plain ; but he does not believe it . Pausanias also says that the Lilaeans on certain days threw cakes and other customary items into the spring of the Cephissus and that they would reappear in the spring of Castalia . The Cephissus valley is of strategic importance , connecting northern Greece via the passes of Mount Oeta and Mount Kallidromo -LRB- including Thermopylae -RRB- to southern Greece and the Gulf of Corinth . As a result , in the Frankish period a chain of forts and watchtowers was established along its course by the rulers of the Duchy of Athens . ", "Greece -LRB- Ελλάδα , -LSB- eˈlaða -RSB- -RRB- , officially the Hellenic Republic -LRB- Greek : Ελληνική Δημοκρατία , -LSB- eliniˈci ðimokraˈti.a -RSB- -RRB- , historically also known as Hellas -LRB- Ἑλλάς , -LSB- heˈlas -RSB- , modern pronunciation Ellás -RRB- , is a country in southeastern Europe , with a population of approximately 11 million as of 2015 . Athens is the nation 's capital and largest city , followed by Thessaloniki . Greece is strategically located at the crossroads of Europe , Asia , and Africa . Situated on the southern tip of the Balkan peninsula , it shares land borders with Albania to the northwest , the Republic of Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north , and Turkey to the northeast . Greece consists of nine geographic regions : Macedonia , Central Greece , the Peloponnese , Thessaly , Epirus , the Aegean Islands -LRB- including the Dodecanese and Cyclades -RRB- , Thrace , Crete , and the Ionian Islands . The Aegean Sea lies to the east of the mainland , the Ionian Sea to the west , the Cretan Sea and the Mediterranean Sea to the south . Greece has the longest coastline on the Mediterranean Basin and the 11th longest coastline in the world at 13676 km in length , featuring a vast number of islands , of which 227 are inhabited . Eighty percent of Greece is mountainous , with Mount Olympus being the highest peak at 2918 m. Greece is considered the cradle of Western civilization , being the birthplace of democracy , Western philosophy , the Olympic Games , Western literature , historiography , political science , major scientific and mathematical principles , and Western drama . From the eighth century BC , the Greeks were organised into various independent city-states , known as polis , which spanned the entire Mediterranean region and the Black Sea . Philip of Macedon united most of the Greek mainland in the fourth century BC , with his son Alexander the Great rapidly conquering much of the ancient world , spreading Greek culture and science from the eastern Mediterranean to the Indus River . Greece was annexed by Rome in the second century BC , becoming an integral part of the Roman Empire and its successor , the Byzantine Empire , wherein the Greek language and culture were dominant . The Greek Orthodox Church also shaped modern Greek identity and transmitted Greek traditions to the wider Orthodox World . Falling under Ottoman dominion in the mid-15th century , the modern nation state of Greece emerged in 1830 following a war of independence . Greece 's rich historical legacy is reflected by its 18 UNESCO World Heritage Sites , among the most in Europe and the world . Greece is a democratic and developed country with an advanced high-income economy , a high quality of life , and a very high standard of living . A founding member of the United Nations , Greece was the tenth member to join the European Communities -LRB- precursor to the European Union -RRB- and has been part of the Eurozone since 2001 . It is also a member of numerous other international institutions , including the Council of Europe , the North Atlantic Treaty Organization -LRB- NATO -RRB- , the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development -LRB- OECD -RRB- , the World Trade Organization -LRB- WTO -RRB- , the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe -LRB- OSCE -RRB- , and the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie -LRB- OIF -RRB- . Greece 's unique cultural heritage , large tourism industry , prominent shipping sector and geostrategic importance classify it as a middle power . It is the largest economy in the Balkans , where it is an important regional investor . ", "The Cyclades -LRB- -LSB- ˈsɪklədiːz -RSB- Κυκλάδες , -LSB- cikˈlaðes -RSB- -RRB- are an island group in the Aegean Sea , southeast of mainland Greece and a former administrative prefecture of Greece . They are one of the island groups which constitute the Aegean archipelago . The name refers to the islands around the sacred island of Delos . The largest island of the Cyclades is Naxos . ", "Therapeio is a village in the northern part of the Evros regional unit in Greece . It is located near the border with Bulgaria , on the left bank of the river Ardas , between the villages Milia to the west , and Komara to the east . Therapeio is in the municipal unit of Trigono . In 2011 its population was 86 . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "Richard_Fortus", "Axl_Rose", "Hollywood_Rose", "Guns_N'_Roses", "Slash_-LRB-musician-RRB-" ]

[ "Richard Fortus -LRB- born November 17 , 1966 -RRB- is an American guitarist . He is best known as a member of the hard rock band Guns N ' Roses , with whom he has been a member since 2002 , and with whom he has recorded one studio album . Fortus has also collaborated extensively with The Psychedelic Furs frontman Richard Butler and fellow Guns N ' Roses bandmate Frank Ferrer . Alongside his work in Guns N ' Roses , Fortus is a former member of Love Spit Love , Thin Lizzy and the Dead Daisies . ", "W. Axl Rose -LRB- born William Bruce Rose Jr. ; raised as William Bruce Bailey ; February 6 , 1962 -RRB- is an American singer , songwriter , record producer and musician . He is the lead vocalist of the hard rock band Guns N ' Roses , and has also been the band 's sole constant member since its inception in 1985 . In addition to Guns N ' Roses , he is also the current lead singer of AC/DC since 2016 . Due to his powerful and wide vocal range and energetic live performances , Rose has been named one of the greatest singers of all time by various media outlets , including Rolling Stone and NME . Born and raised in Lafayette , Indiana , Rose moved to Los Angeles in the early 1980s , where he became active in the local hard rock scene and joined several bands , including Hollywood Rose and L.A. Guns . In 1985 , he co-founded Guns N ' Roses , with whom he had great success and recognition in the late 1980s and early 1990s . Their first album , Appetite for Destruction -LRB- 1987 -RRB- , has sold in excess of 30 million copies worldwide , and is one of the best-selling debut albums of all time in the U.S. with 18 million units sold . Its full-length follow-ups , the twin albums Use Your Illusion I and Use Your Illusion II -LRB- 1991 -RRB- , were also widely successful ; they respectively debuted at No. 2 and No. 1 on the Billboard 200 and have sold a combined 35 million copies worldwide . After 1994 , following the conclusion of their two-and-a-half-year Use Your Illusion Tour , Rose disappeared from public life for several years , while the band disintegrated due to personal and musical differences . As its sole remaining original member , he was able to continue working under the Guns N ' Roses banner because he had legally obtained the band name . In 2001 , he resurfaced with a new line-up of Guns N ' Roses at Rock in Rio 3 , and subsequently played periodic concert tours to promote the long-delayed Chinese Democracy -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , which undersold the music industry 's commercial expectations despite positive reviews upon its release . In 2012 , Rose was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Guns N ' Roses , though he declined to attend the event and requested exclusion from the Hall . In 2016 , Rose partially reunited the ` classic ' lineup of Guns N ' Roses and has since toured the world as part of the Not In This Lifetime ... Tour . ", "Hollywood Rose was an American hard rock group formed in 1983 and is best known as the precursor group for what would eventually become Guns N ' Roses . The group was founded by Axl Rose , Izzy Stradlin and Chris Weber while they were aided during live shows by Rick Mars , Johnny Kreis , Steve Darrow and Andre Troxx . Rose , Stradlin and Weber , along with Kreis , recorded a five-song demo in 1984 . However , after a number of lineup changes , which includes Weber and Kreis being replaced by Slash and Steven Adler -LRB- both then of Road Crew -RRB- respectively as well the departure of Stradlin , the group disbanded the same year . Hollywood Rose reunited briefly in 1985 with Rose , Stradlin , Weber and Darrow -LRB- Sonic Medusa , Rat Salad , Super Heroines , Decadents -RRB- returning and adding former L.A. Guns drummer Rob Gardner to the group . L.A. Guns founder Tracii Guns eventually replaced Weber . They changed their name to Guns N ' Roses -LRB- combining the names of L.A. Guns and Hollywood Rose -RRB- with L.A. Guns bassist Ole Beich replacing Darrow . Eventually Guns , Gardner and Beich were replaced by former Hollywood Rose members Slash , Adler and their former Road Crew band mate Duff McKagan with this lineup becoming known as the `` classic lineup '' of Guns N ' Roses . The five-song demo , recorded in 1984 , was released in 2004 with the title The Roots of Guns N ' Roses . A number of Hollywood Rose songs were included on the Guns N ' Roses albums Live ?! * @ Like a Suicide -LRB- 1986 -RRB- , Appetite for Destruction -LRB- 1987 -RRB- , Live from the Jungle -LRB- 1987 -RRB- , and G N ' R Lies -LRB- 1988 -RRB- . ", "Guns N ' Roses , often abbreviated as GnR , is an American hard rock band from Los Angeles formed in 1985 . The lineup , when first signed to Geffen Records in 1986 , consisted of vocalist Axl Rose , lead guitarist Slash , rhythm guitarist Izzy Stradlin , bassist Duff McKagan , and drummer Steven Adler . Guns N ' Roses have released six studio albums , accumulating sales of more than 100 million records worldwide , including shipments of 45 million in the United States , making them one of the world 's best-selling bands of all time . Guns N ' Roses ' debut album , Appetite for Destruction -LRB- 1987 -RRB- , reached number one on the Billboard 200 a year after its release , on the strength of `` Sweet Child o ' Mine '' , the band 's only single to reach number one on the Billboard Hot 100 . The album has sold approximately 30 million copies worldwide , including 18 million units in the United States , making it the best-selling debut album of all time in the US , as well as the eleventh best-selling album in the United States . The success of the debut was followed by the eight-song album G N ' R Lies -LRB- 1988 -RRB- which reached number two on the Billboard 200 . The twin albums Use Your Illusion I and Use Your Illusion II -LRB- 1991 -RRB- debuted at number two and number one on the Billboard 200 respectively and have sold a combined 35 million copies worldwide , including 14 million units in the United States . The cover album `` The Spaghetti Incident ? '' -LRB- 1993 -RRB- was the band 's last studio album to feature Slash and McKagan . After more than a decade of work and several lineup changes , Guns N ' Roses released the long-awaited album Chinese Democracy -LRB- 2008 -RRB- which , at an estimated $ 14 million in production costs , is the most expensive rock album to ever be produced in music history . It debuted at number three on the Billboard 200 but undersold industry expectations , despite mostly positive critical reception . Former members Slash and McKagan both rejoined the band in 2016 , embarking on the Not in This Lifetime ... Tour . Guns N ' Roses has been credited with reviving the mainstream popularity of rock 'n' roll , at a time when popular music was dominated by dance music and glam metal . Its late 1980s and early 1990s years have been described as the period in which the group brought forth a `` hedonistic rebelliousness '' reminiscent of the early Rolling Stones , a reputation that had earned the group the nickname `` the most dangerous band in the world '' . The band 's classic lineup , along with later members keyboardist Dizzy Reed and drummer Matt Sorum , was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2012 in its first year of eligibility . The band 's membership has changed many times since the early 1990 's , with Rose and keyboardist Dizzy Reed as the only two constant members since 1990 . The current lineup consists of Rose , Slash , McKagan , Reed , guitarist Richard Fortus , drummer Frank Ferrer and keyboardist Melissa Reese . ", "Saul Hudson -LRB- born July 23 , 1965 -RRB- , better known by his stage name Slash , is a British-American musician and songwriter . He is best known as the lead guitarist of the American rock band Guns N ' Roses , with whom he achieved worldwide success in the late 1980s and early 1990s . During his later years with Guns N ' Roses , Slash formed the side project Slash 's Snakepit . After leaving Guns N ' Roses in 1996 , he co-founded the supergroup Velvet Revolver , which re-established him as a mainstream performer in the mid to late 2000s . Slash has since released three solo albums : Slash -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , featuring an array of famous guest musicians , and Apocalyptic Love -LRB- 2012 -RRB- and World on Fire -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , recorded with his band , Myles Kennedy and the Conspirators . He returned to Guns N ' Roses in 2016 , nearly 20 years after he had left . Slash has received critical acclaim and is considered as one of the greatest rock guitarists . Time Magazine named him runner-up on their list of `` The 10 Best Electric Guitar Players '' in 2009 , while Rolling Stone Magazine placed him at No. 65 on their list of `` The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time '' in 2011 . Guitar World ranked his guitar solo in `` November Rain '' No. 6 on their list of `` The 100 Greatest Guitar Solos '' in 2008 , and Total Guitar placed his riff in `` Sweet Child o ' Mine '' at No. 1 on their list of `` The 100 Greatest Riffs '' in 2004 . During 2010 Gibson Guitar Corporation ranked Slash as No. 34 on their `` Top 50 Guitarists of All Time '' , while their readers landed him No. 9 on Gibson 's `` Top 25 Guitarists of All Time '' . In 2012 , he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Guns N ' Roses ' classic line-up . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "Georges_Gilles_de_la_Tourette", "Paul_Ginisty", "Jacques_de_la_Faye", "Anatole_Mallet", "Gilles_Groulx" ]

[ "Georges Albert Édouard Brutus Gilles de la Tourette -LRB- 30 October 1857 -- 26 May 1904 -RRB- was a French physician and the namesake of Tourette 's syndrome , a neurological condition characterized by physical and verbal tics . He was born in the small town of Saint-Gervais-les-Trois-Clochers in the district of Châtellerault , near the city of Loudun . He could be retrospectively classified as a neurologist , but the field did not exist in his time . During 1873 Tourette began medical studies at Poitiers . He later relocated to Paris where he became a student , amanuensis , and house physician of his mentor , the influential contemporary neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot , director of the Salpêtrière Hospital . Charcot also helped him to advance in his academic career . Tourette studied and lectured in psychotherapy , hysteria and medical and legal ramifications of mesmerism -LRB- modern-day hypnosis -RRB- . Tourette described the symptoms of Tourette 's syndrome in nine patients in 1884 , using the name `` maladie des tics '' . Charcot renamed the syndrome `` Gilles de la Tourette 's illness '' in his honor . In 1893 , a former female patient shot Tourette in the head , claiming he had hypnotized her against her will . Both Tourette and many modern hypnologists state that this is impossible . His mentor , Charcot , had died recently , and his young son had also died recently . After these events , Tourette began to experience mood swings between depression and hypomania . Nevertheless , he organized public lectures in which he spoke about literacy , mesmerism and theatre . Tourette published an article on hysteria in the German Army , which angered Bismarck , and a further article about unhygienic conditions in the floating hospitals on the river Thames . With Gabriel Legué he analyzed abbess Jeanne des Anges ' account of her hysteria that was allegedly based on her unrequited love for a priest Urbain Grandier , who was later burned for witchcraft . Around 1902 , Tourette 's condition worsened and he was dismissed from his post . Gilles de la Tourette died on 26 May 1904 in a psychiatric hospital in Lausanne , Switzerland . ", "Paul Ginisty -LRB- 4 April 1855 -- 5 March 1932 -RRB- was a French writer , columnist and journalist . A regular columnist at Gil Blas , he met Guy de Maupassant who would dedicate him his short story . From 1896 to 1906 , he was theatre manager for the Théâtre de l'Odéon , then became an inspector of monuments historiques . ", "Jacques de la Faye was a 17th-18th century French writer whose Defensio Religionis -LRB- ' `` Defense of Religion ' -RRB- a 251-page critique of the pantheism of John Toland , was published at Utrecht in 1709 . De la Faye 's was the first recorded use of the word , `` pantheism '' . ", "Jules T. Anatole Mallet -LRB- 23 May 1837 -- 10 October 1919 -RRB- was a Swiss mechanical engineer , who was the inventor of the first successful compound system for a railway steam locomotive , patented in 1874 . In 1876 he introduced a series of small 2-cylinder compound 0-4-2 tank locomotives for the Bayonne-Anglet-Biarritz Railway in France . He subsequently designed an articulated compound system with a rigid chassis at the rear carrying two high-pressure cylinders plus two low-pressure ones mounted on an articulated front driving truck , patented in 1884 with full rights granted in 1885 . This was first used for a series of narrow gauge locomotives specially built by the Decauville Company in 1888 for the Paris Exposition of 1889 . This arrangement became known as the Mallet locomotive . He was awarded the Elliott Cresson Medal of The Franklin Institute in 1908 . ", "Gilles Groulx -LRB- May 30 , 1931 in Montreal , Quebec -- August 22 , 1994 -RRB- was a Canadian film director . He grew up in a working-class family with 14 children . After studying business in school , he went to work in an office but found the white-collar environment too stultifying . Deciding that the only way out was to become an intellectual , he attended the for a time and was a supporter of Borduas ' automatiste movement . He also made 8 mm amateur films , which landed him a job as picture editor in the news department of the CBC . After three short personal films that confirmed his talent , he was hired by the National Film Board -LRB- NFB -RRB- at what was the beginning of the candid eye movement in 1956 . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Nina_Jacobson", "Mark_Reuss", "General_Motors", "Michael_F._Jacobson", "Sophia_Steinbrenner" ]

[ "Nina Jacobson -LRB- born 1965 -RRB- is an American film executive who , until July 2006 , was president of the Buena Vista Motion Pictures Group , a subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company . With Dawn Steel , Gail Berman and Sherry Lansing , she was one of the last of a handful of women to head a Hollywood film studio since the 1980s . She established her own production company called Color Force in 2007 , and is the producer of The Hunger Games movies . ", "Mark L. Reuss is the current President of General Motors North America . In 2001 he was appointed executive director of the Performance Division , then executive director of Global Vehicle Integration , Safety and Virtual Development in 2005 . Later he served as chairman and managing director of Holden , the Australasian General Motors -LRB- GM -RRB- operation from February 1 , 2008 until September 1 , 2009 , overseeing GM 's Australasian operations and is a director on the GM Asia Pacific Strategy Board . Reuss was the vehicle line executive in charge of the highly criticized and unsuccessful Pontiac Aztek and Buick Rendezvous . However , he was praised for his tenure in the early 2010s for leading product development . From September 1 , 2009 , Alan Batey took over his position as Reuss returned to the GM in the United States as a senior product development director . Mark 's father was Lloyd E. Reuss , former president at GM from 1990 to 1992 . He received an undergraduate degree from Vanderbilt University in 1986 and an MBA from Duke University 's Fuqua School of Business in 1990 . ", "General Motors Company , commonly known as GM , is an American multinational corporation headquartered in Detroit , Michigan , that designs , manufactures , markets , and distributes vehicles and vehicle parts , and sells financial services . With global headquarters at the Renaissance Center in Detroit , Michigan , United States , GM manufactures cars and trucks in 35 countries . In 2008 , 8.35 million GM cars and trucks were sold globally under various brands . 10 million cars sold milestone was exceeded on 2016 . Current auto brands are Buick , Cadillac , Chevrolet , GMC , Holden , and Wuling . Former GM automotive brands include McLaughlin , Oakland , Oldsmobile , Pontiac , Hummer , Saab , Saturn , Vauxhall , and Opel . The company was founded by William C. Durant on September 16 , 1908 as a holding company . The company was the largest automobile manufacturer from 1931 through 2007 . In addition to brands selling assembled vehicles , GM has also had various automotive-component and non-automotive brands , many of which it divested in the 1980s through 2000s . These have included Euclid and Terex -LRB- earthmoving/construction/mining equipment & vehicles -RRB- ; Electro-Motive Diesel -LRB- locomotive , marine , and industrial diesel engines -RRB- ; Detroit Diesel -LRB- automotive and industrial diesel engines -RRB- ; Allison -LRB- Aircraft engines , transmissions , gas turbine engines -RRB- ; Frigidaire -LRB- Appliances including refrigeration and air conditioning -RRB- ; New Departure -LRB- bearings -RRB- ; Delco Electronics and ACDelco -LRB- electrical and electronic components -RRB- ; GMAC -LRB- finance -RRB- ; General Aviation and North American Aviation -LRB- airplanes -RRB- ; GM Defense -LRB- military vehicles -RRB- ; and Electronic Data Systems -LRB- information technology -RRB- . General Motors produces vehicles in 37 countries under twelve brands : Chevrolet , Buick , GMC , Cadillac , Holden , HSV , Opel , Vauxhall , Wuling , Baojun , Jie Fang , and Ravon . The current company , General Motors Company -LRB- `` new GM '' -RRB- , was formed in 2009 following the bankruptcy of General Motors Corporation -LRB- `` old GM '' -RRB- , which became Motors Liquidation Company . The new company purchased the majority of the assets of the old GM , including the brand `` General Motors '' . ", "Michael F. Jacobson -LRB- born July 29 , 1943 -RRB- , who holds a Ph.D. in microbiology from Massachusetts Institute of Technology , is an American scientist and nutritional advocate . Jacobson co-founded the Center for Science in the Public Interest in 1971 , along with two fellow scientists he met while working at the Center for the Study of Responsive Law . When his colleagues left CSPI in 1977 , Jacobson served as executive director . Today , Jacobson sits as secretary on the board of directors of the organization . He has been a national leader in the movement to require nutrition labels on all foods and most beverages to help consumers make informed decisions about what to consume . It was Jacobson who coined the now widely used phrases `` junk food '' and `` empty calorie '' . ", "Sophia Steinbrenner -LRB- died 13 December 1933 -RRB- was an American businesswoman . She was born as Sophia Minch ; her parents were Philip and Anna Minch of Vermilion , Ohio . When Anna Minch died in 1905 , Sophia took over Kinsman Transit -LRB- the family business -RRB- , a large shipping concern , with her husband as general manager . Their son , George M. Steinbrenner , became general manager when his father died in 1929 . She was the great-grandmother of George Steinbrenner , who owned the New York Yankees for many years . In 1884 , the Sophia Minch , a large schooner named after her , ran aground in Cleveland . " ]

[ 0, 0, 2, 0, 0 ]

[ "Annie_-LRB-1982_film-RRB-", "Annie_-LRB-2014_film-RRB-", "Life_After_Tomorrow", "It_Came_from_Hollywood", "Annie_Reilly" ]

[ "Annie is a 1982 American musical comedy-drama film adapted from Broadway musical of the same name by Charles Strouse , Martin Charnin and Thomas Meehan , which in turn is based on Little Orphan Annie , the 1924 comic strip by Harold Gray . The film was directed by John Huston , scripted by Carol Sobieski , and stars Albert Finney , Carol Burnett , Ann Reinking , Tim Curry , Bernadette Peters , Geoffrey Holder , Edward Herrmann , and Aileen Quinn in her film debut . Set during the Great Depression , the film tells the story of Annie , an orphan from New York City who is taken in by America 's richest billionaire Oliver Warbucks . Filming took place for six weeks at Monmouth University in New Jersey . The film , released on June 18 , 1982 , received mixed reviews from critics and was nominated for Best Production Design and Best Song Score and its Adaptation at the 55th Academy Awards . Quinn won a Best Young Actress at the Young Artist Awards . A television film sequel , named Annie : A Royal Adventure ! was released in 1995 . In their first film collaboration , Disney and Columbia Pictures produced a made for television version in 1999 . Columbia released a contemporary film adaptation on December 19 , 2014 . ", "Annie is a 2014 American musical comedy-drama film directed by Will Gluck and produced by Village Roadshow Pictures and Will Smith 's Overbrook Entertainment for Sony Pictures ' Columbia Pictures . A contemporary adaptation of the 1977 Broadway musical of the same name , the film stars Quvenzhané Wallis , Jamie Foxx , Rose Byrne , Bobby Cannavale , and Cameron Diaz . The third film adaptation , following Columbia 's 1982 theatrical film and Disney 's 1999 television film , Annie began production in August 2013 and opened on December 19 , 2014 to generally negative reviews , but was a box-office success , grossing over $ 133 million internationally . Annie received two Golden Globe Award nominations , one for Best Actress in a Motion Picture -- Comedy or Musical -LRB- for Wallis -RRB- and another for Best Original Song . Conversely , the film won the Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Prequel , Remake , Rip-off or Sequel and Cameron Diaz was nominated for Worst Supporting Actress . ", "Life After Tomorrow is a 2006 documentary film directed by Gil Cates Jr. and Julie Stevens about the lives of the women who had once played Little Orphan Annie or one of the other orphans in the musical Annie . On March 24 , 2006 , the film was premiered at the Phoenix Film Festival where it won awards for both Best Documentary and Best Director . ", "It Came from Hollywood is a 1982 American comedy documentary film compiling clips from various B movies . Written by Dana Olsen and directed by Malcolm Leo and Andrew Solt , the film features wraparound segments and narration by several famous comedians , including Dan Aykroyd , John Candy , Gilda Radner , and Cheech and Chong . Sections of It Came from Hollywood focus on gorilla pictures , anti-marijuana films and the works of Ed Wood . The closing signature song was the doo wop hit `` What 's Your Name '' by Don and Juan . ", "`` Little '' Annie Reilly -LRB- 1844-unknown -RRB- , also known under the aliases Kate Cooley , Connelly and Manning , was a 19th-century American thief and con artist widely regarded as `` the cleverest woman in her line in America '' . A well-known member of New York 's underworld , she was part of an elite `` inner circle '' of female career criminals under Marm Mandelbaum during the 1860s and 1870s . These included some of the most notorious thieves , blackmailers and confidence women in the country such as Lena Kleinschmidt , Sophie Lyons , Kid Glove Rosey , Queen Liz , Big Mary and Old Mother Hubbard , " ]

[ 2, 2, 2, 0, 2 ]

[ "Jefferson_Davis", "Andrew_Davis_-LRB-conductor-RRB-", "Levi_Lincoln_Sr.", "Herman_Davis", "Norman_Jefferson" ]

[ "Jefferson Finis Davis -LRB- June 3 , 1808 -- December 6 , 1889 -RRB- was an American politician who was a Democratic U.S. Representative and Senator from Mississippi , the 23rd U.S. Secretary of War , and the President of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War . He took personal charge of the Confederate war plans but was unable to find a strategy to defeat the more populous and industrialized Union . His diplomatic efforts failed to gain recognition from any foreign country , and at home , the collapsing Confederate economy forced his government to print more and more paper money to cover the war 's expenses , leading to runaway inflation and devaluation of the Confederate dollar . Davis was born in Kentucky to a moderately prosperous farmer , and grew up on his older brother Joseph 's large cotton plantations in Mississippi and Louisiana . Joseph Davis also secured his appointment to the U.S. Military Academy at West Point . After graduating , Jefferson Davis served six years as a lieutenant in the U.S. Army . He fought in the Mexican -- American War -LRB- 1846 -- 1848 -RRB- , as the colonel of a volunteer regiment . He served as the U.S. Secretary of War from 1853 to 1857 under President Franklin Pierce , and as a Democratic U.S. senator from Mississippi . Before the war , he operated a large cotton plantation in Mississippi but never owned more than 74 slaves . After the war had ended , he remained a proud apologist for the cause of slavery for which he and the Confederacy had fought . Although Davis argued against secession in 1858 , he believed that each state was sovereign and had an unquestionable right to secede from the Union . Davis 's first wife , Sarah Knox Taylor , died of malaria after three months of marriage , and he also struggled with recurring bouts of the disease . He was unhealthy for much of his life . At the age of 36 , Davis married again , to 18-year-old Varina Howell , a native of Natchez who had been educated in Philadelphia and had some family ties in the North . They had six children . Only two survived him , and only one married and had children . Many historians attribute the Confederacy 's weaknesses to the poor leadership of President Davis . His preoccupation with detail , reluctance to delegate responsibility , lack of popular appeal , feuds with powerful state governors and generals , favoritism toward old friends , inability to get along with people who disagreed with him , neglect of civil matters in favor of military ones , and resistance to public opinion all worked against him . Historians agree he was a much less effective war leader than his Union counterpart Abraham Lincoln . After Davis was captured in 1865 , he was accused of treason and imprisoned at Fort Monroe . He was never tried and was released after two years . While not disgraced , Davis had been displaced in ex-Confederate affection after the war by his leading general , Robert E. Lee . Davis wrote a memoir entitled The Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government , which he completed in 1881 . By the late 1880s , he began to encourage reconciliation , telling Southerners to be loyal to the Union . Ex-Confederates came to appreciate his role in the war , seeing him as a Southern patriot , and he became a hero of the Lost Cause in the post-Reconstruction South . ", "Sir Andrew Frank Davis -LRB- born 2 February 1944 -RRB- is an English conductor . He is currently music director and principal conductor of Lyric Opera of Chicago , chief conductor of the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra and conductor laureate of both the Toronto Symphony Orchestra and the BBC Symphony Orchestra . Born in Ashridge , Hertfordshire to Robert J. Davis and his wife Florence Joyce -LRB- née Badminton -RRB- , Davis grew up in Chesham , Buckinghamshire , and in Watford . Davis attended Watford Boys ' Grammar School , where he studied classics in his sixth form years . His adolescent musical work included playing the organ at the Palace Theatre , Watford . Davis studied at the Royal Academy of Music and King 's College , Cambridge where he was an organ scholar , graduating in 1967 . He later studied conducting in Rome with Franco Ferrara . ", "Levi Lincoln Sr. -LRB- May 15 , 1749 -- April 14 , 1820 -RRB- was an American revolutionary , lawyer , and statesman from Massachusetts . A Democratic-Republican , he most notably served as Thomas Jefferson 's first Attorney General , and played a significant role in the events that led to the celebrated Marbury v. Madison court case . He served two terms as Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts , acting as Governor for the remainder of Governor James Sullivan 's term after his death in December 1808 . Lincoln was unsuccessful in his bid to be elected governor in his own right in 1809 . Born in Hingham , Massachusetts , Lincoln was educated at Harvard , and studied law with Joseph Hawley before establishing a law practice in Worcester , Massachusetts . He was active in local politics , and participated in the convention that drafted the Massachusetts Constitution in 1779 . He supported Quock Walker , a former slave seeking confirmation of his freedom under that constitution in 1783 . He entered national politics with his election to the United States House of Representatives in 1800 , but was immediately tapped by Jefferson to become Attorney General . Lincoln served Jefferson as a consultant on the politics of New England , and was influential in the distribution of patronage in the region . He served on a commission that resolved claims emanating from the Yazoo land scandal in Georgia , and advised Jefferson on matters related to the Louisiana Purchase . He returned to Massachusetts , where he remained politically active in the state . He established Republican dominance in Worcester , even though the state was dominated by Federalists . He was elected lieutenant governor under James Sullivan in 1807 , but failed to win election in his own right in 1809 in a highly partisan election . He retired from politics in 1811 , declining nomination to the Supreme Court because of his health . His descendants were a major influence in Worcester for much of the 19th century . ", "Herman Davis -LRB- January 3 , 1888 - January 5 , 1923 -RRB- was was a decorated American sniper of World War I . He was a United States Infantry Private Company I , 113th Infantry Regiment , 29th division . Born in Manila , Arkansas , Davis was drafted into the Army in March 1918 . On October 10 , 1918 , he achieved distinction by killing four German machine gunners , using a standard-issue 1903 Springfield with open sights , near Verdun during the Meuse-Argonne Offensive . The gunners had pinned his platoon down and his actions secured safety to advance for the platoon . In another instance , Davis shot and killed five members of an enemy crew that was setting up a machine gun 1,000 yards away in an area they thought was out of range . of American troops . Being told the distance was too great , he said `` Why , that 's just a good shootin ' distance . '' His marksmanship was attributed to skill he had developed as a youngster hunting small game in the Big Lake area . General Pershing named Davis fourth among the 100 greatest heroes of World War I . He received the Distinguished Service Cross , the Croix de guerre with palm , the Croix de Guerre with Gilt Star and the Médaille Militaire awards from the American and French governments . Davis was honorably discharged from the Army on May 29 , 1919 . After the war , he returned home and died four years later on January 5 , 1923 during an operation related to tuberculosis that he possibly contracted from exposure to poison gas during the war . Herman Davis State Park , in his hometown of Manila , a monument located in the park and a street in Manila honor him . Other streets in Davis ' hometown of Manila are named after another military honoree , Admiral George Perry . ", "Norman Jefferson Jr. -LRB- born August 7 , 1964 -RRB- is a former cornerback in the National Football League -LRB- NFL -RRB- . He was selected in the 1987 NFL draft by the Green Bay Packers . He was the last player taken , making him Mr. Irrelevant . He played two seasons with the Packers . Jefferson played college football at Louisiana State University for the LSU Tigers . He was born in Marrero , Louisiana and attended John Ehret High School . " ]

[ 2, 0, 2, 2, 0 ]

[ "Jefferson_Davis", "Andrew_Davis_-LRB-conductor-RRB-", "Levi_Lincoln_Sr.", "Herman_Davis", "Norman_Jefferson" ]

[ "Jefferson Finis Davis -LRB- June 3 , 1808 -- December 6 , 1889 -RRB- was an American politician who was a Democratic U.S. Representative and Senator from Mississippi , the 23rd U.S. Secretary of War , and the President of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War . He took personal charge of the Confederate war plans but was unable to find a strategy to defeat the more populous and industrialized Union . His diplomatic efforts failed to gain recognition from any foreign country , and at home , the collapsing Confederate economy forced his government to print more and more paper money to cover the war 's expenses , leading to runaway inflation and devaluation of the Confederate dollar . Davis was born in Kentucky to a moderately prosperous farmer , and grew up on his older brother Joseph 's large cotton plantations in Mississippi and Louisiana . Joseph Davis also secured his appointment to the U.S. Military Academy at West Point . After graduating , Jefferson Davis served six years as a lieutenant in the U.S. Army . He fought in the Mexican -- American War -LRB- 1846 -- 1848 -RRB- , as the colonel of a volunteer regiment . He served as the U.S. Secretary of War from 1853 to 1857 under President Franklin Pierce , and as a Democratic U.S. senator from Mississippi . Before the war , he operated a large cotton plantation in Mississippi but never owned more than 74 slaves . After the war had ended , he remained a proud apologist for the cause of slavery for which he and the Confederacy had fought . Although Davis argued against secession in 1858 , he believed that each state was sovereign and had an unquestionable right to secede from the Union . Davis 's first wife , Sarah Knox Taylor , died of malaria after three months of marriage , and he also struggled with recurring bouts of the disease . He was unhealthy for much of his life . At the age of 36 , Davis married again , to 18-year-old Varina Howell , a native of Natchez who had been educated in Philadelphia and had some family ties in the North . They had six children . Only two survived him , and only one married and had children . Many historians attribute the Confederacy 's weaknesses to the poor leadership of President Davis . His preoccupation with detail , reluctance to delegate responsibility , lack of popular appeal , feuds with powerful state governors and generals , favoritism toward old friends , inability to get along with people who disagreed with him , neglect of civil matters in favor of military ones , and resistance to public opinion all worked against him . Historians agree he was a much less effective war leader than his Union counterpart Abraham Lincoln . After Davis was captured in 1865 , he was accused of treason and imprisoned at Fort Monroe . He was never tried and was released after two years . While not disgraced , Davis had been displaced in ex-Confederate affection after the war by his leading general , Robert E. Lee . Davis wrote a memoir entitled The Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government , which he completed in 1881 . By the late 1880s , he began to encourage reconciliation , telling Southerners to be loyal to the Union . Ex-Confederates came to appreciate his role in the war , seeing him as a Southern patriot , and he became a hero of the Lost Cause in the post-Reconstruction South . ", "Sir Andrew Frank Davis -LRB- born 2 February 1944 -RRB- is an English conductor . He is currently music director and principal conductor of Lyric Opera of Chicago , chief conductor of the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra and conductor laureate of both the Toronto Symphony Orchestra and the BBC Symphony Orchestra . Born in Ashridge , Hertfordshire to Robert J. Davis and his wife Florence Joyce -LRB- née Badminton -RRB- , Davis grew up in Chesham , Buckinghamshire , and in Watford . Davis attended Watford Boys ' Grammar School , where he studied classics in his sixth form years . His adolescent musical work included playing the organ at the Palace Theatre , Watford . Davis studied at the Royal Academy of Music and King 's College , Cambridge where he was an organ scholar , graduating in 1967 . He later studied conducting in Rome with Franco Ferrara . ", "Levi Lincoln Sr. -LRB- May 15 , 1749 -- April 14 , 1820 -RRB- was an American revolutionary , lawyer , and statesman from Massachusetts . A Democratic-Republican , he most notably served as Thomas Jefferson 's first Attorney General , and played a significant role in the events that led to the celebrated Marbury v. Madison court case . He served two terms as Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts , acting as Governor for the remainder of Governor James Sullivan 's term after his death in December 1808 . Lincoln was unsuccessful in his bid to be elected governor in his own right in 1809 . Born in Hingham , Massachusetts , Lincoln was educated at Harvard , and studied law with Joseph Hawley before establishing a law practice in Worcester , Massachusetts . He was active in local politics , and participated in the convention that drafted the Massachusetts Constitution in 1779 . He supported Quock Walker , a former slave seeking confirmation of his freedom under that constitution in 1783 . He entered national politics with his election to the United States House of Representatives in 1800 , but was immediately tapped by Jefferson to become Attorney General . Lincoln served Jefferson as a consultant on the politics of New England , and was influential in the distribution of patronage in the region . He served on a commission that resolved claims emanating from the Yazoo land scandal in Georgia , and advised Jefferson on matters related to the Louisiana Purchase . He returned to Massachusetts , where he remained politically active in the state . He established Republican dominance in Worcester , even though the state was dominated by Federalists . He was elected lieutenant governor under James Sullivan in 1807 , but failed to win election in his own right in 1809 in a highly partisan election . He retired from politics in 1811 , declining nomination to the Supreme Court because of his health . His descendants were a major influence in Worcester for much of the 19th century . ", "Herman Davis -LRB- January 3 , 1888 - January 5 , 1923 -RRB- was was a decorated American sniper of World War I . He was a United States Infantry Private Company I , 113th Infantry Regiment , 29th division . Born in Manila , Arkansas , Davis was drafted into the Army in March 1918 . On October 10 , 1918 , he achieved distinction by killing four German machine gunners , using a standard-issue 1903 Springfield with open sights , near Verdun during the Meuse-Argonne Offensive . The gunners had pinned his platoon down and his actions secured safety to advance for the platoon . In another instance , Davis shot and killed five members of an enemy crew that was setting up a machine gun 1,000 yards away in an area they thought was out of range . of American troops . Being told the distance was too great , he said `` Why , that 's just a good shootin ' distance . '' His marksmanship was attributed to skill he had developed as a youngster hunting small game in the Big Lake area . General Pershing named Davis fourth among the 100 greatest heroes of World War I . He received the Distinguished Service Cross , the Croix de guerre with palm , the Croix de Guerre with Gilt Star and the Médaille Militaire awards from the American and French governments . Davis was honorably discharged from the Army on May 29 , 1919 . After the war , he returned home and died four years later on January 5 , 1923 during an operation related to tuberculosis that he possibly contracted from exposure to poison gas during the war . Herman Davis State Park , in his hometown of Manila , a monument located in the park and a street in Manila honor him . Other streets in Davis ' hometown of Manila are named after another military honoree , Admiral George Perry . ", "Norman Jefferson Jr. -LRB- born August 7 , 1964 -RRB- is a former cornerback in the National Football League -LRB- NFL -RRB- . He was selected in the 1987 NFL draft by the Green Bay Packers . He was the last player taken , making him Mr. Irrelevant . He played two seasons with the Packers . Jefferson played college football at Louisiana State University for the LSU Tigers . He was born in Marrero , Louisiana and attended John Ehret High School . " ]

[ 2, 0, 2, 2, 0 ]

[ "Agent_Raghav_–_Crime_Branch", "Agent_009", "Najim_Arshad", "Second_Show", "Crime_Intelligence_Division" ]

[ "Agent Raghav -- Crime Branch is an Indian crime fiction anthology television series , which premiered on & TV from 5 September 2015 to 10 April 2016 for one hour at Saturday and Sunday nights . The series was produced by Contiloe Entertainment of Abhimanyu Singh and starred Sharad Kelkar in the eponymous role of Agent Raghav Sinha , along with Aahana Kumra , Deepali Pansare , Danish Pandor , Jason Tham and Mahesh Manjrekar , the latter appeared in a recurring role . The serial received Indian Telly Awards in the category of Best Thriller and Horror Show and was also nominated for Best Weekend Show . The show is said to be inspired from the American police drama/mystery television series , '' The Mentalist . ", "Agent 009 is a 1980 Hindi-language Indian feature film produced by S.V.S.Films , starring Vijendra Mittal , Rehana Sultan , Madhushala and Padma Khanna in lead roles . ", "Najim Arshad -LRB- born 8 June 1986 -RRB- is an Indian playback singer and music director , working in the Malayalam , Tamil and Hindi film industries . In 2007 , he won the reality show Idea Star Singer . He studied in Swathi Thirunal College of Music and holds graduation and post-graduation degree in Music . He was the Rank Holder of University of Kerala in Bachelor Of Performing Arts . He also won the Kalaprathibha title 13 times at the district and sub-district levels during his early school days . ", "Second Show is a 2012 Malayalam action crime film directed by Srinath Rajendran and written by Vini Vishwa Lal . The film , set in the backdrop of criminal gangs of varied varieties in Kerala , tells the story of young Hari who rises from an illicit sand miner to a smuggling baron in a short time . It stars Dulquer Salmaan , Gauthami Nair , Sunny Wayne , Baburaj , and Sudesh Berry . ", "The Crime Intelligence Division of the South African Police Service is an intelligence agency that tracks criminal elements within the Republic of South Africa . It is run by a Divisional Commissioner , who is also a member of the National Intelligence Co-Ordinating Committee -LRB- NICOC -RRB- , to which they report . The main functions of the CI division are : Operational Support . Crime Information Analysis Centre . Crime Information Management Centre . Counter Intelligence . Covert Intelligence . Crime Intelligence Collection . Category : South African intelligence agencies Category : Law enforcement in South Africa Category : Criminal records " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Manchester_United_F.C.", "1910–11_Manchester_United_F.C._season", "1976–77_Manchester_United_F.C._season", "Premier_League", "Arsenal_F.C." ]

[ "Manchester United Football Club is a professional football club based in Old Trafford , Greater Manchester , England , that competes in the Premier League , the top flight of English football . Nicknamed `` the Red Devils '' , the club was founded as Newton Heath LYR Football Club in 1878 , changed its name to Manchester United in 1902 and moved to its current stadium , Old Trafford , in 1910 . Manchester United are the most successful club in England , having won a record 20 League Titles , 12 FA Cups , 5 League Cups and a record 21 FA Community Shields . The club has also won three UEFA Champions League , one UEFA Europa League , one UEFA Cup Winners ' Cup , one UEFA Super Cup , one Intercontinental Cup and one FIFA Club World Cup . In 1998 -- 99 , the club became the first in the history of English football to achieve the treble of the Premier League , the FA Cup and the UEFA Champions League . In 2016 -- 17 , they also , by winning the UEFA Europa League , became one of five clubs to have won all three main UEFA club competitions . In winning all three top domestic trophies -LRB- as well as both iterations of the English championship -RRB- , all three major European trophies , both the domestic and European super cups , and both international titles -LRB- the now-defunct Intercontinental Cup in 1999 and its successor , the FIFA World Club Cup in 2008 -RRB- , the club has achieved a clean sweep of all top honours available to it ; the first and thus far only English club to do so . The 1958 Munich air disaster claimed the lives of eight players . In 1968 , under the management of Matt Busby , Manchester United became the first English football club to win the European Cup . Alex Ferguson won 38 trophies as manager , including 13 Premier League titles , 5 FA Cups and 2 UEFA Champions Leagues , between 1986 and 2013 , when he announced his retirement . José Mourinho is the club 's current manager , having been appointed on 27 May 2016 . Manchester United was the highest-earning football club in the world for 2015 -- 16 , with an annual revenue of $ 689 million , and the world 's third most valuable football club in 2015 , valued at # 1.98 billion . As of June 2015 , it is the world 's most valuable football brand , estimated to be worth $ 1.2 billion . After being floated on the London Stock Exchange in 1991 , the club was purchased by Malcolm Glazer in May 2005 in a deal valuing the club at almost # 800 million , after which the company was taken private again , before going public once more in August 2012 , when they made an initial public offering on the New York Stock Exchange . Manchester United is one of the most widely supported football clubs in the world , and holds several rivalries with other clubs , most notably with Liverpool , Manchester City and Leeds United , and more recently with Arsenal . ", "The 1910 -- 11 season was Manchester United 's 19th season in the Football League and fourth in the First Division . ", "The 1976 -- 77 season was Manchester United 's 75th season in the Football League , and their second consecutive season in the top division of English football . They finished the season sixth in the league and won the FA Cup to end a nine-year spell without a major trophy . Despite this success , it was to be their last season under the management of Tommy Docherty , who had been at the helm for four-and-a-half years and revived United following several years of decline . During the close season , he was dismissed by the club after revealing his love affair with the wife of the club 's physiotherapist . ", "The Premier League is an English professional league for men 's association football clubs . At the top of the English football league system , it is the country 's primary football competition . Contested by 20 clubs , it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with the English Football League -LRB- EFL ; known as `` The Football League '' before 2016 -- 17 -RRB- . Welsh clubs that compete in the English football league system can also qualify . The Premier League is a corporation in which the 20 member clubs act as shareholders . Seasons run from August to May . Teams play 38 matches each -LRB- playing each team in the league twice , home and away -RRB- , totalling 380 matches in the season . Most games are played on Saturday and Sunday afternoons ; others during weekday evenings . It is colloquially known as the Premiership and outside the UK it is commonly referred to as the English Premier League -LRB- EPL -RRB- . The competition formed as the FA Premier League on 20 February 1992 following the decision of clubs in the Football League First Division to break away from the Football League , which was founded in 1888 , and take advantage of a lucrative television rights deal . The deal was worth # 1 billion a year domestically as of 2013 -- 14 , with BSkyB and BT Group securing the domestic rights to broadcast 116 and 38 games respectively . The league generates $ 2.2 billion per year in domestic and international television rights . In 2014/15 , teams were apportioned revenues of # 1.6 billion . The Premier League is the most-watched sports league in the world , broadcast in 212 territories to 643 million homes and a potential TV audience of 4.7 billion people . In the 2014 -- 15 season , the average Premier League match attendance exceeded 36,000 , second highest of any professional football league behind the Bundesliga 's 43,500 . Most stadium occupancies are near capacity . The Premier League ranks third in the UEFA coefficients of leagues based on performances in European competitions over the past five seasons . While 47 clubs have competed since the inception of the Premier League in 1992 , only six have won the title : Manchester United -LRB- 13 -RRB- , Chelsea -LRB- 5 -RRB- , Arsenal -LRB- 3 -RRB- , Manchester City -LRB- 2 -RRB- , Blackburn Rovers -LRB- 1 -RRB- and Leicester City -LRB- 1 -RRB- . The current champions are Chelsea , who secured the 2016 -- 17 title in early May 2017 . ", "Arsenal Football Club is a professional football club based in Highbury , London , England , that plays in the Premier League , the top flight of English football . The club has won 13 League titles , a record 13 FA Cups , two League Cups , the League Centenary Trophy , 14 FA Community Shields , one UEFA Cup Winners ' Cup and one Inter-Cities Fairs Cup . Arsenal was the first club from the South of England to join The Football League , in 1893 . They entered the First Division in 1904 , and have since accumulated the second most points . Relegated only once , in 1913 , they continue the longest streak in the top division . In the 1930s , Arsenal won five League Championships and two FA Cups , and another FA Cup and two Championships after the war . In 1970 -- 71 , they won their first League and FA Cup Double . Between 1989 and 2005 , they won five League titles and five FA Cups , including two more Doubles . They completed the 20th century with the highest average league position . Herbert Chapman won Arsenal 's first national trophies , but died prematurely . He helped introduce the WM formation , floodlights , and shirt numbers , and added the white sleeves and brighter red to Arsenal 's kit . Arsène Wenger has been the longest-serving manager and has won the most trophies . His teams set several English records : the longest win streak ; the longest unbeaten run ; and the only 38 match season unbeaten . In 1886 , Woolwich munitions workers founded the club as Dial Square . In 1913 , the club crossed the city to Arsenal Stadium in Highbury . They became Tottenham Hotspur 's nearest club , commencing the North London derby . In 2006 , they moved down the road to the Emirates Stadium . Arsenal earned $ 435.5 m in 2014 -- 15 , with the Emirates Stadium generating the highest revenue in world football . Based on social media activity from 2014 -- 15 , Arsenal 's fanbase is the fifth largest in the world . In 2016 , Forbes estimated the club was the second most valuable in England , worth $ 2.0 billion . " ]

[ 0, 0, 2, 2, 0 ]

[ "The_Monster_-LRB-song-RRB-", "Monster_-LRB-Arashi_song-RRB-", "I_of_the_Storm", "Killed_the_Radio_Star", "The_Warrior_-LRB-song-RRB-" ]

[ "`` The Monster '' is a song by American rapper Eminem , featuring guest vocals from Barbadian singer Rihanna , taken from Eminem 's album The Marshall Mathers LP 2 -LRB- 2013 -RRB- . The song was written by Eminem , Jon Bellion , and Bebe Rexha , with production handled by Frequency . `` The Monster '' marks the fourth collaboration between Eminem and Rihanna , following `` Love the Way You Lie '' , its sequel `` Love the Way You Lie -LRB- Part II -RRB- '' -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , and `` Numb '' -LRB- 2012 -RRB- . `` The Monster '' was released on October 29 , 2013 , as the fourth single from the album . The song 's lyrics present Rihanna coming to grips with her inner demons , while Eminem ponders the negative effects of his fame . Upon release the song was met with positive reviews from music critics , who compared the song to `` Love the Way You Lie '' . `` The Monster '' has successfully charted worldwide , topping the charts in twelve countries including Australia , Canada , France , Ireland , New Zealand , Switzerland , the United Kingdom and the United States ' Billboard Hot 100 . It also marks Eminem 's first number one on the US Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs chart and has reached the top ten in Austria , Belgium , Italy and Spain . The song 's accompanying music video was directed by the American filmmaker Rich Lee , the video depicts Rihanna as Eminem 's therapist in a session , as previous videos from his career are shown and referenced including `` Mockingbird '' , `` My Name Is '' , `` Lose Yourself '' , `` 3 a.m. '' , `` The Way I Am '' and the 2001 Grammy Awards performance of `` Stan '' with Elton John . The video was well received and was nominated for several awards . Eminem and Rihanna performed the song live at the 2014 MTV Movie Awards . ", "`` Monster '' is a song recorded by Japanese boy band Arashi . It was released on May 19 , 2010 by their record label J Storm . `` Monster '' is currently being used as the theme song to the drama starring Arashi member Satoshi Ohno . It was released as a CD single in two formats : a regular edition containing two B-sides and the instrumental of all the songs , and a limited edition containing the B-side and a DVD . ", "`` I of the Storm '' is a single recorded by the Icelandic indie folk/indie pop rock band Of Monsters and Men . The song was released as the second single from their second studio album , Beneath the Skin -LRB- 2015 -RRB- . It was written by Nanna Bryndís Hilmarsdóttir and Ragnar Þórhallsson -LRB- of Of Monsters and Men -RRB- . The single artwork was created by artistic director Leif Podhajsky . ", "Killed The Radio Star was the fifth album by Canadian punk rock band Closet Monster , released in 2002 . ", "`` The Warrior '' is a song by American rock band Scandal , from the album Warrior . The song was written by Holly Knight -LRB- `` Love Is a Battlefield '' -RRB- and Nick Gilder -LRB- `` Hot Child in the City '' -RRB- . The song went to number one in Canada and number seven in the United States , as well as number one on the Mainstream Rock chart in the US , in addition to winning a BMI Airplay Award in 1984 . The music video of the song depicts the apocalypse in a warehouse . " ]

[ 2, 1, 1, 0, 1 ]

[ "US_Airways_Flight_1549", "United_Airlines_Flight_266", "American_Airlines_Flight_320", "Cessna_188_Pacific_rescue", "Aeroflot_Flight_418" ]

[ "US Airways Flight 1549 was an Airbus A320-214 which , three minutes after takeoff from New York City 's LaGuardia Airport on January 15 , 2009 , struck a flock of Canada geese just northeast of the George Washington Bridge and consequently lost all engine power . Unable to reach any airport , pilots Chesley Sullenberger and Jeffrey Skiles glided the plane to a ditching in the Hudson River off midtown Manhattan . All 155 people aboard were rescued by nearby boats and there were few serious injuries . The incident came to be known as the `` Miracle on the Hudson '' , and a National Transportation Safety Board official described it as `` the most successful ditching in aviation history . '' The Board also rejected the notion that the ditching could have been avoided had the crew immediately returned to LaGuardia or diverted to nearby Teterboro airport . The pilots and flight attendants were awarded the Master 's Medal of the Guild of Air Pilots and Air Navigators in recognition of their `` heroic and unique aviation achievement '' . ", "United Airlines Flight 266 was a scheduled flight from Los Angeles International Airport , California , to General Mitchell International Airport , Milwaukee , Wisconsin via Stapleton International Airport , Denver , Colorado with 38 on board . On January 18 , 1969 at approximately 18:21 PST it crashed into Santa Monica Bay , Pacific Ocean , about 11.5 miles west of Los Angeles International Airport , four minutes after takeoff . Rescuers -LRB- at the time -RRB- speculated that an explosion occurred aboard the plane , a Boeing 727 . Three and a half hours after the crash three bodies had been found in the ocean along with parts of fuselage and a United States mail bag carrying letters with that day 's postmark . Hope was dim for survivors because United 's domestic flights do not carry liferafts or lifejackets . A Coast Guard spokesman said it looked `` very doubtful that there could be anybody alive . '' Up until 2013 , United used `` Flight 266 '' designation on its San Francisco-Chicago -LRB- O'Hare -RRB- route . ", "American Airlines Flight 320 , registration N6101A , was a Lockheed L-188A Electra en route from Chicago Midway International Airport to New York City 's LaGuardia Airport on February 3 , 1959 . It crashed into the East River on approach ; 65 of the 73 on board died . It was the first crash for the Electra , which had been introduced only recently by American Airlines . It would not be the last , however , as a series of fatal accidents over the next year would cause the aircraft to have a loss of confidence by the flying public , including two mysterious in-flight wing failures which resulted in speed restrictions and a near grounding by the FAA . The Civil Aeronautics Board -LRB- the predecessor of the NTSB -RRB- was the government agency charged with investigating airliner accidents , during that era . The CAB PROBABLE CAUSE statement : The Board determines the probable cause of this accident was premature descent below landing minimums which was the result of preoccupation of the crew on particular aspects of the aircraft and its environment to the neglect of essential flight instrument references for attitude and height above the approach surface . Contributing factors were . 1 . Limited experience of the crew with the aircraft type ; 2 . Faulty approach technique in which the autopilot was used in the heading mode to or almost to the surface ; 3 . Erroneous setting of the captain 's altimeter ; 4 . Marginal weather in the approach area ; 5 . Possible misinterpretation of altimeter and rate of descent indicator ; and 6 . Sensory illusion with respect to height and attitude resulting from visual reference to the few lights existing in the approach area . Many references to Flight 320 claim that there were 72 persons on board and that there were only seven survivors . This error may be because one victim was a lap infant and did not have its own seat or ticket . Robert Emerson was one of the victims of the crash . Dr. Emerson was a noted botanist , who discovered that plants have two distinct photosynthetic reaction centres . Herbert Greenwald was one of the victims of the crash . Mr. Greenwald was a Chicago real estate developer who developed several landmark buildings using Mies Van Der Rohe as the architect . The flight number is still used today on its Montego Bay-Miami-Dallas/Fort Worth route . The accident took place on the same day that a plane carrying Buddy Holly , the Big Bopper , and Ritchie Valens crashed near Clear Lake , Iowa , killing all three singers . -LRB- See `` The Day the Music Died . '' -RRB- ", "On 22 December 1978 , a small Cessna 188 aircraft , piloted by Jay Prochnow , became lost over the Pacific Ocean . The only other aircraft in the area that was able to assist was a commercial Air New Zealand flight . After several hours of searching , the crew of the Air New Zealand flight located the lost Cessna and led it to Norfolk Island , where the plane landed safely . ", "Aeroflot Flight 418 refers to a Tupolev Tu-154A , registration CCCP-85102 , that was operating the second leg of an international scheduled Luanda -- Malabo -- Tripoli -- Moscow passenger service under the airline 's International Civil Aviation Directorate , and crashed on 1 June 1976 . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 0 ]

[ "Maria_Theresa", "Charles_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor", "Anna_Maria_Franziska_of_Saxe-Lauenburg", "Princess_Anna_of_Saxony_-LRB-1836–1859-RRB-", "Princess_Luise_Dorothea_of_Prussia" ]

[ "Maria Theresa Walburga Amalia Christina -LRB- Maria Theresia -LSB- maˈʁiːa teˈʁeːzi̯a -RSB- 13 May 1717 -- 29 November 1780 -RRB- was the only female ruler of the Habsburg dominions and the last of the House of Habsburg . She was the sovereign of Austria , Hungary , Croatia , Bohemia , Transylvania , Mantua , Milan , Lodomeria and Galicia , the Austrian Netherlands and Parma . By marriage , she was Duchess of Lorraine , Grand Duchess of Tuscany and Holy Roman Empress . She started her 40-year reign when her father , Emperor Charles VI , died in October 1740 . Charles VI paved the way for her accession with the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713 and spent his entire reign securing it . Upon the death of her father , Saxony , Prussia , Bavaria , and France all repudiated the sanction they had recognised during his lifetime . Frederick II of Prussia -LRB- who became Maria Theresa 's greatest enemy for most of her reign -RRB- promptly invaded and took the affluent Habsburg province of Silesia in the nine-year conflict known as the War of the Austrian Succession . Over the course of the war , despite the loss of Silesia and a few minor territories in Italy , Maria Theresa successfully defended her rule over most of the Habsburg empire . Maria Theresa later unsuccessfully tried to reconquer Silesia during the Seven Years ' War . Maria Theresa and her husband , Francis I , Holy Roman Emperor , had eleven daughters , including the Queen of France and Navarre , the Queen of Naples and Sicily , the Duchess of Parma , and five sons , including two Holy Roman Emperors , Joseph II and Leopold II . Of the sixteen children ten survived to adulthood . Though she was expected to cede power to Francis and Joseph , both of whom were officially her co-rulers in Austria and Bohemia , Maria Theresa was the absolute sovereign who ruled with the counsel of her advisers . She criticised and disapproved of many of Joseph 's actions . Maria Theresa understood the importance of her public persona and was able to simultaneously evoke both esteem and affection from her subjects . Maria Theresa promulgated financial and educational reforms , with the assistance of Count Friedrich Wilhelm von Haugwitz and Gerard van Swieten , promoted commerce and the development of agriculture , and reorganised Austria 's ramshackle military , all of which strengthened Austria 's international standing . However , she refused to allow religious pluralism and advocated for the state church and contemporary adversary travelers criticized her regime as bigoted and superstitious . As a young monarch who fought two dynastic wars , she believed that her cause should be the cause of her subjects , but in her later years she would believe that their cause must be hers . ", "Charles VI -LRB- 1 October 1685 -- 20 October 1740 ; Karl VI . -RRB- succeeded his elder brother , Joseph I , as Holy Roman Emperor , King of Bohemia -LRB- as Charles II -RRB- , King of Hungary and Croatia -LRB- as Charles III -RRB- , and King of Serbia , Archduke of Austria , etc. , in 1711 . He unsuccessfully claimed the throne of Spain as Charles III following the death of its ruler , and Charles 's relative , Charles II of Spain , in 1700 . He married Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel , by whom he had his two children : Maria Theresa , born 1717 , the last Habsburg sovereign , and Maria Anna , born 1718 , Governess of the Austrian Netherlands . Four years before the birth of Maria Theresa , faced with his lack of male heirs , Charles provided for a male-line succession failure with the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713 . The Emperor favoured his own daughters over those of his elder brother and predecessor , Joseph I , in the succession , ignoring the decree he had signed during the reign of his father , Leopold I. Charles sought the other European powers ' approval . They exacted harsh terms : Britain demanded that Austria abolish its overseas trading company . In total , Great Britain , France , Saxony-Poland , the Dutch Republic , Spain , Venice , States of the Church , Prussia , Russia , Denmark , Savoy-Sardinia , Bavaria , and the Diet of the Holy Roman Empire recognised the sanction . France , Spain , Saxony-Poland , Bavaria and Prussia later reneged . Charles died in 1740 , sparking the War of the Austrian Succession , which plagued his successor , Maria Theresa , for eight years . ", "Anna Maria Franziska of Saxe-Lauenburg -LRB- 13 June 1672 -- 15 October 1741 -RRB- was the legal Duchess of Saxe-Lauenburg in the eyes of the Holy Roman Emperor , the overlord of Saxe-Lauenburg , from 1689 until 1728 ; however , because her distant cousin George William , Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg , conquered the duchy by force in 1689 , she exercised no control over the territory , instead living in her manors in Bohemia . She was Grand Duchess of Tuscany as the wife of the last Medici Grand Duke , Gian Gastone . Anna Maria Franziska was the elder surviving daughter of Julius Franz , Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg , and Maria Hedwig of the Palatinate-Sulzbach . She married Philipp Wilhelm August of the Palatinate in 1690 , with whom she had her only child , Maria Anna , in 1691 . She was widowed in 1693 . Four years later , she married Gian Gastone de ' Medici , a Prince of Tuscany . With her brother-in-law Ferdinando de ' Medici 's death in 1713 , her husband became Tuscany 's heir-apparent . She became Grand Duchess of Tuscany upon the incumbent ruler 's death in 1723 . She was Grand Duchess for fourteen years before being widowed again in 1737 . ", "Princess Anna Maria Maximiliane Stephania Karoline Johanna Luisa Xaveria Nepomucena Aloysia Benedicta of Saxony , Duchess of Saxony -LRB- Full German name : Prinzessin Anna Maria Maximiliane Stephania Karoline Johanna Luisa Xaveria Nepomucena Aloysia Benedicta von Sachsen , Herzogin zu Sachsen -RRB- -LRB- born 4 January 1836 in Dresden , Kingdom of Saxony ; died 10 February 1859 in Naples , Kingdom of the Two Sicilies -RRB- was the seventh child and fourth eldest daughter of John of Saxony and his wife Amalie Auguste of Bavaria and a younger sister of Albert of Saxony and George of Saxony . Through her marriage to Archduke Ferdinand , Hereditary Prince of Tuscany , Anna was a member of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine and an Archduchess and Princess of Austria and Princess of Hungary , Croatia , Bohemia , and Tuscany . Ann died shortly before her husband succeeded his father as Grand Duke of Tuscany . ", "Princess Luise Dorothea of Prussia -LRB- Luise Dorothea Sophie ; 29 September 1680 -- 23 December 1705 -RRB- was the daughter of Frederick I , First King in Prussia by his first wife Elisabeth Henriette of Hesse-Kassel . She was the Hereditary Princess of Hesse-Kassel by marriage but died in childbirth . " ]

[ 2, 2, 1, 0, 0 ]

[ "Guthrie_Theater", "Art_Tower_Mito", "Minerva_Theatre,_Chichester", "Courtyard,_Hereford", "Ritz_Theatre_-LRB-Elizabeth,_New_Jersey-RRB-" ]

[ "The Guthrie Theater , founded in 1963 , is a center for theater performance , production , education , and professional training in Minneapolis , Minnesota . The concept of the theater was born in 1959 in a series of discussions between Sir Tyrone Guthrie , Oliver Rea and Peter Zeisler . Disenchanted with Broadway , they intended to form a theater with a resident acting company , to perform classic plays in rotating repertory , while maintaining the highest professional standards . The Guthrie Theater has performed in two main-stage facilities . The first building was designed by Ralph Rapson , included a 1,441-seat thrust stage designed by Tanya Moiseiwitsch , and was operated from 1963 -- 2006 . After closing its 2005 -- 2006 season , the theater moved to its current facility designed by Jean Nouvel . In 1982 , the theater won the Regional Theatre Tony Award . ", "is an arts complex in Mito , Ibaraki , Japan . It opened in 1990 as part of the centennial celebrations of the municipality of Mito . There is a concert hall that seats 680 , a theater for up to 636 , a contemporary art gallery , and a landmark tower . Arata Isozaki was the architect , with acoustical design by Nagata Acoustics . ", "The Minerva Theatre is a studio theatre seating at full capacity 283 . It is run as part of the adjacent Chichester Festival Theatre , located in Chichester , England , and was opened in 1989 . The current artistic director is Jonathan Church . ", "The Courtyard Centre for the Arts is a theatre and arts venue in Hereford , England , located on Edgar Street just outside the city centre . The building was constructed between 1997 and 1998 on the site of another theatre ; The New Hereford Theatre , a converted swimming baths which had become outdated . It hosts in-house shows , such as a Pantomime and productions by a Youth Theatre and a Community Company , alongside national tours . It is also one of the main sites for the annual Borderlines Film Festival . Planning for the replacement building began in 1993 and received a significant boost when the Lottery Commission provided # 3.75 million towards the fund . The glass and wooden building was designed by Glenn Howells , following selection through an architectural design competition managed by RIBA Competitions , and opened on 18 September 1998 after a ribbon-cutting ceremony by Jonathan Stone , then Artistic Director . The design of the Main House is based upon the shape of an Elizabethan Courtyard or Inn Yard Theatre , from which the building takes its name . The building contains a Studio theatre in addition to its Main House -LRB- and both double as cinemas -RRB- , an art gallery and two conference rooms , on the ground and first floor . There is a rehearsal room/dance studio on the second floor . It has a total seating capacity of approximately 520 , in both of its venues . The studio has a third role as a lecture hall ; it was from here that David Cameron launched his LibDems 4 Cameron campaign in December 2005 . The seating in both venues can be dismantled to create open spaces for events such as the annual Craft Fair -LRB- in the Main House -RRB- and the Comedy or Folk Club -LRB- in the Studio -RRB- . Both the Main House and the Studio are sound proofed and are not linked structurally within the building , in order to eliminate sound conduction between the two . There is also a licensed Cafe-Bar which hosts a number of free events such as ` Jazz Cafe ' -LRB- Saturday lunchtimes -RRB- , ` Sunday Social ' -LRB- Sunday afternoons -RRB- and ` Open Mike Night ' -LRB- First Tuesday of the month -RRB- . Between 1998 and 2004 the centre received approximately 1.2 million visitors and in 1999 it was described as being an `` ultra-cool , rigorously modern '' building . The Courtyard 's patrons include Sir Derek Jacobi and Jo Brand . ", "The Ritz Theatre in Elizabeth , New Jersey is a performing arts center . The Ritz was built on the site of the 1865 Drake Opera House/People 's Theatre/Star Theatre / Jacob 's Theatre/Proctor 's Theatre . The theatre was purchased in 1925 by Jacob Fabian , who hired architect Fred Wesley Wentworth to design the Ritz Theatre on the site , which opened on March 9 , 1926 with 2,791 seats . By 1941 it was operated by Warner Bros. . Circuit Management Corp. . While there were performances through the 1970s , by the 1980s it was threatened with demolition . In 1989 it was purchased local philanthropists who set out to restore the theatre but ran out of funding . In 1994 purchased by George Castro , who has restored it to its 1920s grand appearance . It is a contributing property to the Mid-Town Historic District . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 1, 0 ]

[ "Revolver_-LRB-Beatles_album-RRB-", "List_of_UK_Dance_Singles_Chart_number_ones_of_2005", "Now_That's_What_I_Call_Music_11_-LRB-UK_series-RRB-", "Monster_Hits", "Now_That's_What_I_Call_Music!_78_-LRB-UK_series-RRB-" ]

[ "Revolver is the seventh studio album by the English rock band the Beatles . Released on 5 August 1966 , it was the Beatles ' final recording project before their retirement as live performers , and marked a progression on their 1965 release Rubber Soul in terms of the group 's readiness to experiment in the recording studio . The album 's diverse sounds include tape loops and backwards recordings on the psychedelic `` Tomorrow Never Knows '' , a classical string octet on `` Eleanor Rigby '' , and Indian-music backing on `` Love You To '' . The album was reduced to eleven songs by Capitol Records in North America , where three of its tracks instead appeared on the June 1966 release Yesterday and Today . Revolver was the last Beatles album to be subjected to Capitol 's policy of altering the band 's intended running order and content . The Beatles recorded the album following a three-month break from professional commitments at the start of 1966 , and during a period when London was feted as the era 's cultural capital . The songs reflect the influence of psychedelic drugs such as LSD and the increasing sophistication of the Beatles ' lyrics to address themes including death and transcendence from material concerns . With no thoughts of reproducing their new material in concert , the band made liberal use of studio techniques such as varispeeding , reversed tapes , close audio miking and automatic double tracking -LRB- ADT -RRB- , in addition to employing musical instrumentation outside of their standard live set-up . Some of the changes in studio practice introduced by Revolver , particularly ADT , were soon adopted throughout the recording industry . The sessions also produced a non-album single , `` Paperback Writer '' backed with `` Rain '' , for which the Beatles filmed their first on-location promotional films . In the UK , Revolver fourteen tracks were released to radio stations throughout July 1966 , with the music signifying what author Ian MacDonald later described as `` a second pop revolution -- one which while galvanising their existing rivals and inspiring many new ones , left all of them far behind '' . The album 's US release coincided with the Beatles ' final concert tour , which was marred by the controversy surrounding John Lennon 's remark that the band had become `` more popular than Jesus '' . The record topped the UK Albums Chart for seven weeks and America 's Billboard Top LPs list for six weeks . Together with the children 's novelty song `` Yellow Submarine '' , `` Eleanor Rigby '' became an international hit when issued as a double A-side single . Revolvers cover artwork , designed by Klaus Voormann , won the 1967 Grammy Award for Best Album Cover , Graphic Arts . The album was influential in advancing principles espoused by the 1960s counterculture and in inspiring the development of pop music into subgenres such as psychedelic rock , electronica , progressive rock and world music . With the restoration of the three omitted tracks for its international CD release in 1987 , many music critics recognise Revolver as the Beatles ' best album , surpassing Sgt. Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band . The album was ranked first in Colin Larkin 's book All-Time Top 1000 Albums and third in Rolling Stone magazine 's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time . In 2013 , after the British Phonographic Industry had changed its sales award rules , Revolver was certified platinum in the UK . The album has been certified 5 × platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America . ", "The UK Dance Chart is a weekly chart that ranks the biggest-selling dance singles in the United Kingdom , and is compiled by the Official Charts Company . In 2005 , the chart was based on sales of CD singles and 12-inch singles , and was published in the UK magazines ChartsPlus and Music Week and on BBC Radio 1 's official website . During the year , 40 singles reached number one . The biggest-selling dance hit of 2005 was `` Hung Up '' by Madonna -- it sold nearly 328,000 copies in the UK and topped the UK Singles Chart . `` Hung Up '' was also the longest-running number one of year , spending four weeks at the top ; it was the longest running number one since `` Lola 's Theme '' by Shapeshifters had spent five weeks at number one the previous year . Other high-selling dance singles included `` I Like the Way '' by Bodyrockers , which sold over 188,000 copies , and `` Shot You Down '' by Audio Bullys featuring Nancy Sinatra , which sold nearly 161,000 singles . Both `` I Like the Way '' and `` Shot You Down '' reached Number 3 on the UK Singles Chart . Four acts topped the chart with more than one single . They were : Daft Punk , Pendulum , Basement Jaxx and The Prodigy . The only act to top the chart with more than two singles was Mylo , who reached number one with `` Destroy Rock & Roll '' , `` In My Arms '' and `` Doctor Pressure '' . Chart-topping singles from the 2005 UK Dance Chart also included a new remix of `` Insomnia '' by Faithless and `` Do Your Thing '' by Basement Jaxx , which reached number one after being used in an advert for British television network ITV . The Prodigy topped the chart with a rerelease of their previous singles `` Voodoo People '' and `` Out of Space '' , which were remixed by fellow chart-toppers Pendulum and Audio Bullys . ", "Now That 's What I Call Music 11 or Now 11 was released on 21 March 1988 on vinyl , audio cassette , and CD . Videos of select songs from the album were released on VHS . The album is the 11th edition of the Now ! series in the United Kingdom and spent three weeks at number one in the UK Albums Chart . Now 11 features three songs which reached number one on the UK Singles Chart : `` Always on My Mind '' , `` Heaven Is a Place on Earth '' and `` I Should Be So Lucky '' . ", "Monster Hits or Hits 11 is the eleventh release of the Hits compilation Series . It was released on 20 November 1989 in the United Kingdom and it debuted at number two on the UK Compilation Chart -LRB- kept off by its rival Now 16 -RRB- . The album was issued on vinyl , double cassette and double compact disc and featured 32 tracks . The Hits compilation series began in 1984 and had become a successful brand for its compilers , the partnership comprising CBS , WEA and BMG with healthy sales rivalling that even of the hugely successful Now series . However , it is with this release that the compilers began altering the format of the Hits series and there would several more rebrands in the years to come . Hits 11 features three songs which reached number one on the UK Singles Chart : `` Ride On Time '' , `` All Around The World '' and `` That 's What I Like '' . ", "Now That 's What I Call Music ! 78 or Now ! 78 is a double-disc compilation album that was released in the United Kingdom on 11 April 2011 on CD and downloadable formats . The album is the 78th edition of the UK Now ! series . Now 78 features six songs which reached number one on the UK Singles Chart : `` Grenade '' , `` We R Who We R '' , `` When We Collide '' , `` Price Tag '' , `` What 's My Name ? '' , and `` The Time -LRB- Dirty Bit -RRB- '' . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Netscape_Navigator", "Netscape_Communicator", "Mapopolis", "Dave_Hyatt", "Rosanne_Siino" ]

[ "Netscape Navigator is a discontinued proprietary web browser , and the original browser of the Netscape line , from versions 1 to 4.08 , and 9.x . It was the flagship product of the Netscape Communications Corp and was the dominant web browser in terms of usage share in the 1990s , but by 2002 its usage had almost disappeared . This was primarily due to the increased usage of Microsoft 's Internet Explorer web browser software , and partly because the Netscape Corporation -LRB- later purchased by AOL -RRB- did not sustain Netscape Navigator 's technical innovation after the late 1990s . The business demise of Netscape was a central premise of Microsoft 's antitrust trial , wherein the Court ruled that Microsoft Corporation 's bundling of Internet Explorer with the Windows operating system was a monopolistic and illegal business practice . The decision came too late for Netscape , however , as Internet Explorer had by then become the dominant web browser in Windows . The Netscape Navigator web browser was succeeded by the Netscape Communicator suite in 1997 . Netscape Communicator 's 4.x source code was the base for the Netscape-developed Mozilla Application Suite , which was later renamed SeaMonkey . Netscape 's Mozilla Suite also served as the base for a browser-only spinoff called Mozilla Firefox . The Netscape Navigator name returned in 2007 when AOL announced version 9 of the Netscape series of browsers , Netscape Navigator 9 . On 28 December 2007 , AOL canceled its development but continued supporting the web browser with security updates until 1 March 2008 . AOL allows downloading of archived versions of the Netscape Navigator web browser family . AOL maintains the Netscape website as an Internet portal . ", "Netscape Communicator -LRB- or Netscape 4 -RRB- is a discontinued Internet suite produced by Netscape Communications Corporation , and was the fourth major release in the Netscape line of browsers . It was first in beta in 1996 and was released in June 1997 . Netscape Communicator addressed the problem of Netscape Navigator 3.x being used as both the name of the suite and the browser contained within it by renaming the suite to Netscape Communicator . It included more groupware features intended to appeal to enterprises . In February 1998 , Netscape announced that Mozilla.org would co-ordinate the development of Netscape Communicator 5 as `` a dedicated team within Netscape with an associated Web site that will promote , foster and guide open dialog and development of Netscape 's client source code . '' However , the aging Communicator code proved to be difficult to work with , so it was abandoned . The whole source code of Communicator was re-written by Mozilla , who were then testing it as Mozilla Application Suite . Netscape , now owned by AOL , finally released Communicator 's successor Netscape 6 in November 2000 , based on Mozilla Application Suite with changes and additions . Minor updates to Communicator continued to be issued , culminating in the release of Netscape Communicator 4.8 in August 2002 . ", "Mapopolis has been the creator of PDA/smartphone GPS navigation software Mapopolis Navigator . Mapopolis used data from Navteq . Starting in 1999 , Mapopolis first released software for the Palm OS and later added software for Pocket PC handhelds and Windows smartphones . Mapopolis created the first real-time traffic service -LRB- Mapopolis ClearRoute -RRB- , which provided real-time route updates based on traffic conditions . As of April 1 , 2007 , Mapopolis has discontinued sales of its consumer software . Map downloads remained available for at least one year past that date for registered users who purchased the product and still did not use up their full 1-year allowance . Mapopolis Navigator files use a proprietary format and make it impossible for users to export their custom POIs . ", "Dave Hyatt -LRB- June 28 , 1972 -RRB- is an American software engineer employed by Apple Inc. -LRB- since July 15 , 2002 -RRB- , where he is part of the development team responsible for the Safari web browser and WebKit framework . Hyatt was part of the original team that shipped the beta releases and 1.0 release of Safari . He is the Safari and WebKit Architect . Before Apple , Hyatt worked at Netscape Communications from 1997 to 2002 where he contributed to the Mozilla web browser . While at Netscape , he also created Camino -LRB- then known as Chimera -RRB- and co-created Firefox -LRB- originally called Phoenix -RRB- with Blake Ross . He is credited with the implementations of tabbed browsing for Chimera and Firefox -LRB- the initial implementation for Netscape/Mozilla browsers , on which Hyatt based his work was created by HJ van Rantwijk , as part of his MultiZilla project at multizilla.mozdev.org -RRB- . Hyatt also created and wrote the first specifications for the XBL and XUL markup languages . Hyatt studied as an undergraduate at Rice University and graduate at University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign . Hyatt developed , but no longer maintains , the software for Shadowland Six in his spare time ; a forum and discussion server for the Shadowrun community . He also co-wrote published material for Shadowrun as a freelance writer , including the books Renraku Arcology : Shutdown and Brainscan . He is also an active member of the W3C 's CSS Working Group . He was an editor of the HTML5 draft specification up through March 2010 , at which time he resigned to concentrate on other endeavors . ", "Rosanne Siino is the retired former Vice President of Communications for Netscape -LRB- Communications Corporation -RRB- . Siino is responsible for crafting the 1990s message that `` the web is for everyone '' , as well as making the pivotal decision turn Marc Andreessen in to a `` rock star , '' and creating the publicity strategy which landed Andreessen , barefoot , on the cover of Time Magazine . She spent 16 years in corporate communications , 13 of which were in high-tech public relations . Siino retired from Netscape after the 1998 acquisition by AOL and returned to graduate school . Since retiring , she has consulted for numerous high-tech and Internet companies , such as AOL , Google , Shutterfly , Qualcomm , and PlanetOut . Siino is also known for her philanthropy and interest in developing nations . She currently -LRB- 2009 -RRB- teaches and conducts research for the Management Science and Engineering Department at Stanford University . Her research focus is the `` socio-emotional effects of digital technologies on how people work and interact . '' Her past research topics specifically include work-role enactment over geographic distance , and interaction rituals on distributed management teams . " ]

[ 1, 2, 0, 2, 2 ]

[ "Taarak_Mehta_Ka_Ooltah_Chashmah", "Ekta_Kapoor", "Naan_Kadavul", "Yeh_Jawaani_Hai_Deewani", "Attahasam" ]

[ "Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah -LRB- English : Taarak Mehta 's Different Perspective -RRB- is India 's longest running sitcom serial produced by Neela Tele Films Private Limited . The show went on-air on July 28 , 2008 . It airs from Monday to Friday at 8:30 pm , with its repeat telecast at 11:00 pm and the next day at 3:00 pm on SAB TV . The show started its re-run on Sony Pal from November 2 , 2015 at 4:30 pm and 8:00 pm everyday . The show is based on the column Duniya Ne Oondha Chashma written by columnist and journalist Taarak Mehta for Gujarati weekly magazine Chitralekha . ", "Ekta Kapoor -LRB- born 7 June 1975 -RRB- is an Indian TV and film producer . She is the Joint Managing Director and Creative Director of Balaji Telefilms , her production company . Kapoor is the daughter of actor Jeetendra and Shobha Kapoor . Her younger brother Tusshar Kapoor is also a Bollywood actor . She did her schooling at Bombay Scottish School , Mahim and attended college at Mithibai College . She has produced numerous soap opera , television series and movies . Some soap operas she had worked on include Hum Paanch , Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi , Kahaani Ghar Ghar Ki , Kasautii Zindagii Kay , Pavitra Rishta , Bade Acche Lagte Hain , and Jodha Akbar . Kapoor has also produced the television series Naagin , Ye Hai Mohabbatein , Kumkum Bhagya , Kavach and Kasam Tere Pyaar Ki . She has also launched her fashion series with EK Label . She ventured into Bollywood movie production in 2001 beginning with Kyo Kii ... Main Jhuth Nahin Bolta , Kucch To Hai and Krishna Cottage based on supernatural themes followed in 2003 and 2004 . Kyaa Kool Hai Hum starred her brother Tusshar Kapoor . She then went on to co-produce Shootout at Lokhandwala with Sanjay Gupta . Mission Istanbul and EMI -- Liya Hai Toh Chukana Padhega in collaboration with Sunil Shetty followed . In 2010 to 2014 she released a number of films including Love Sex aur Dhokha , Once Upon a Time in Mumbaai , and Shor in the City . ", "Naan Kadavul -LRB- I am God -RRB- is a 2009 Indian Tamil-language art film co-written and directed by Bala . The film is based on the Tamil novel Yezhaam Ulagam by Jeyamohan , who also penned the dialogues for the film . The film features Arya and Pooja in the lead roles . The film was also dubbed in Hindi as Pandav -- The Punch . The film produced by K. S. Sreenivasan and jointly distributed by Vasan Visual Ventures and Pyramid Saimira , had background score and soundtrack composed by Ilaiyaraaja . Arthur A. Wilson handled the cinematography while Suresh Urs looked after the editing . The film had been in making for over three years , finally released on 6 February 2009 . Upon release the film received critical acclaim , winning two National Film Awards , including the Best Director Award for Bala , four Vijay Awards , three Tamil Nadu State Film Awards and one Filmfare Award . ", "Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani -LRB- English : This Youth is Crazy -RRB- , is a 2013 Indian romantic comedy drama film , written and directed by Ayan Mukerji and produced by Karan Johar . It stars Ranbir Kapoor and Deepika Padukone in lead roles . This is their second film together after 2008 's Bachna Ae Haseeno . Kalki Koechlin and Aditya Roy Kapur play supporting roles . Madhuri Dixit appears in an item number with Ranbir Kapoor . Initially set for a March 2013 release , the film was released on 31 May 2013 . Upon release , it received mixed to positive reviews and was a box office success . They showed a perfect chemistry between friends on the screen . In 59th Filmfare Awards , the film received Highest number of nominations -LRB- 9 -RRB- including Best Actor , Best Film , Best Direction , Best Supporting Actor and Actress and so on.Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani has become one of the highest grossing Bollywood films worldwide . It is also the tenth highest grossing Bollywood film in overseas markets up until then . ", "Attahasam -LRB- Defiance -RRB- is a 2004 Tamil action masala film written and directed by Saran featuring Ajith Kumar in dual lead roles with Pooja playing the female lead . Sujatha , Karunas and Ramesh Khanna play pivotal roles in the film , while the score and soundtrack are composed by Bharathwaj the film became a hit on his career " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 0 ]

[ "Ed_Gein", "1967_Plainfield_riots", "John_Elkins", "Christopher_Chubasco_Wilkins", "George_S._Graves" ]

[ "Edward Theodore Gein -LRB- -LSB- ˈɡiːn -RSB- August 27 , 1906 -- July 26 , 1984 -RRB- , also known as The Butcher of Plainfield , was an American murderer and body snatcher . His crimes , committed around his hometown of Plainfield , Wisconsin , gathered widespread notoriety after authorities discovered that Gein had exhumed corpses from local graveyards and fashioned trophies and keepsakes from their bones and skin . Gein confessed to killing two women -- tavern owner Mary Hogan on December 8 , 1954 , and a Plainfield hardware store owner , Bernice Worden , on November 16 , 1957 . Gein was initially found unfit to stand trial and confined to a mental health facility . In 1968 , Gein was found guilty but legally insane of the murder of Worden and was remanded to psychiatric institutions . He died at Mendota Mental Health Institute of cancer-induced liver and respiratory failure at age 77 on July 26 , 1984 . He is buried next to his family in the Plainfield Cemetery , in a now-unmarked grave . ", "The Plainfield riots were a series of racially charged violent disturbances that occurred in Plainfield , New Jersey during the summer of 1967 , which mirrored the 1967 Newark riots in nearby Newark , New Jersey . ", "John Elkins -LRB- May 12 , 1815 -- December 13 , 1898 -RRB- was an American jeweler and politician . Also , `` Placerino de corazón '' . Born in Piermont , New Hampshire , Elkins learned the jewelry trade in Boston , Massachusetts and Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania . He worked in Saint Louis , Missouri , Rushville , Illinois , and Fort Madison , Iowa in the jewelry business . In 1843 , Elkins moved to Southport , Wisconsin Territory and finally to Racine , Wisconsin in 1852 continued to work as a jeweler . Politically , Elkins was a Whig and then became a Republican , when he served in the Wisconsin State Assembly in 1873 . Elkins also served on the school board . Elkins died at his home in Racine , Wisconsin . ", "Christopher Chubasco Wilkins -LRB- September 29 , 1968 January 11 , 2017 -RRB- was a Texas inmate sentenced to death and executed for a 2005 double murder . On October 27 , 2005 , Wilkins shot and killed Willie Freeman and Mike Silva . Freeman had allegedly cheated Wilkins in a drug deal ; Silva was with Freeman at the time and thus witnessed the killing . The numbers `` 666 '' and a pentagram matching one of Wilkins ' numerous tattoos were found carved into Silva 's car at the scene of the murders . Wilkins ' fingerprints were also found . The previous day , Wilkins also allegedly killed Gilbert Vallejo outside a bar in south Fort Worth after a dispute over a payphone . On October 28 , Wilkins was arrested and charged with the murders of Freeman and Silva ; he later also confessed to murdering Vallejo . He was sentenced to death on March 12 , 2008 , after only 90 minutes of deliberation by the jury . When asked by his defense lawyer if he wanted to die , Wilkins said : `` I guess , subconsciously , I 've been trying to get myself killed since I was 12 or 13 years old . I do n't have nothing to live for . I have n't been any good to anybody for the last 20 years and I wo n't be for the next 20 or the 20 after that . '' Wilkins was initially scheduled to be executed on October 28 , 2015 -LRB- which , coincidentally , was the 10th anniversary of his arrest -RRB- . His execution was stayed and later rescheduled to January 11 , 2017 . Wilkins was executed by lethal injection on January 11 , 2017 , at 6:29 PM . He was 48 years old . ", "George S. Graves -LRB- May 18 , 1820 -- March 7 , 1902 -RRB- was a lawyer , businessman , and politician . Born in Richfield , New York , Graves studied law in Lewis County , New York . In 1848 , Graves moved to Sheboygan Falls , Wisconsin , where he practiced law . While living there , Graves served in the Wisconsin State Assembly from 1867 to 1869 . In 1870 , Graves moved to Fairchild , Wisconsin and was in the lumber business . He then moved to Eau Claire , Wisconsin . He died in Nevada , Missouri , where he had moved because of his health . " ]

[ 1, 0, 0, 1, 0 ]

[ "MS-13", "MS_18", "José_Rodrigo_Aréchiga_Gamboa", "Trans-Mississippi_Department", "Juan_Pablo_Ledezma" ]

[ "MS-13 -LRB- Mara Salvatrucha ; also known as simply MS or Mara -RRB- is an international criminal gang that originated in Los Angeles , California , US in the 1980s . The gang later spread to many parts of the continental United States , Canada , Mexico , and Central America , and is active in urban and suburban areas . Most members are ethnically of Central American origin -LRB- principally El Salvador -RRB- . In the U.S. , the MS-13 has an especially heavy presence in Los Angeles County and the San Francisco Bay Area in California ; the Washington , D.C. metropolitan areas of Fairfax County , Virginia , Montgomery County , Maryland , and Prince George 's County , Maryland ; Queens , New York ; Long Island , New York ; Newark , New Jersey , Plainfield , New Jersey ; Jersey City , New Jersey ; Elizabeth , New Jersey ; the Boston , Massachusetts area ; Charlotte , North Carolina ; and Houston , Texas . There is also a presence of MS-13 in Toronto , Ontario , Canada . Members of MS are characterised by tattoos covering the body and also often the face , and by the use of their own sign language . They are notorious for their use of violence and a subcultural moral code that predominantly consists of merciless revenge and cruel retributions . This cruelty of the distinguished members of the `` Maras '' or `` Mareros '' earned them a path to be recruited by the Sinaloa Cartel battling against Los Zetas in an ongoing drug war in Mexico . Their wide-ranging activities have drawn the attention of the FBI and Immigration and Customs Enforcement , who have initiated wide-scale raids against known and suspected gang members , arresting hundreds across the country . ", "MS 18 may refer to : Mara 18 , a Central American gang Mississippi Highway 18 ", "José Rodrigo Aréchiga Gamboa -LRB- born 15 June 1980 -RRB- , commonly referred to by his alias `` El Chino Ántrax '' -LRB- English : Curly-Haired Anthrax -RRB- , is an imprisoned Mexican suspected drug lord , professional hitman , and former high-ranking leader of the Sinaloa Cartel , a criminal organization based in Sinaloa . He was one of the leaders and the founder of Los Ántrax , an armed squadron that protects Ismael `` El Mayo '' Zambada , a top cartel leader . He was arrested on December 30 , 2013 at Amsterdam Airport Schiphol in the Netherlands at the request of the United States , which contacted Interpol to arrest him for charges relating to drug trafficking . He was extradited to the US on 10 July 2014 . ", "The Trans-Mississippi Department was a militarily administrated subdivision of the Confederate States of America west of the Mississippi , comprising Texas , Arkansas , Missouri , Indian Territory , and parts of Arizona and Louisiana . ", "Juan Pablo Ledezma -LRB- a.k.a. José Luis Fratello -RRB- is the current leader of the Mexican gang called La Línea , which is the armed wing of the drug trafficking organization known as the Juárez Cartel and is said to be the current leader of the organization . The Mexican government is currently offering a $ 2 million USD bounty for information leading to his capture . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "The_Monster_-LRB-song-RRB-", "Monster_-LRB-Arashi_song-RRB-", "The_Warrior_-LRB-song-RRB-", "Killed_the_Radio_Star", "I_of_the_Storm" ]

[ "`` The Monster '' is a song by American rapper Eminem , featuring guest vocals from Barbadian singer Rihanna , taken from Eminem 's album The Marshall Mathers LP 2 -LRB- 2013 -RRB- . The song was written by Eminem , Jon Bellion , and Bebe Rexha , with production handled by Frequency . `` The Monster '' marks the fourth collaboration between Eminem and Rihanna , following `` Love the Way You Lie '' , its sequel `` Love the Way You Lie -LRB- Part II -RRB- '' -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , and `` Numb '' -LRB- 2012 -RRB- . `` The Monster '' was released on October 29 , 2013 , as the fourth single from the album . The song 's lyrics present Rihanna coming to grips with her inner demons , while Eminem ponders the negative effects of his fame . Upon release the song was met with positive reviews from music critics , who compared the song to `` Love the Way You Lie '' . `` The Monster '' has successfully charted worldwide , topping the charts in twelve countries including Australia , Canada , France , Ireland , New Zealand , Switzerland , the United Kingdom and the United States ' Billboard Hot 100 . It also marks Eminem 's first number one on the US Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs chart and has reached the top ten in Austria , Belgium , Italy and Spain . The song 's accompanying music video was directed by the American filmmaker Rich Lee , the video depicts Rihanna as Eminem 's therapist in a session , as previous videos from his career are shown and referenced including `` Mockingbird '' , `` My Name Is '' , `` Lose Yourself '' , `` 3 a.m. '' , `` The Way I Am '' and the 2001 Grammy Awards performance of `` Stan '' with Elton John . The video was well received and was nominated for several awards . Eminem and Rihanna performed the song live at the 2014 MTV Movie Awards . ", "`` Monster '' is a song recorded by Japanese boy band Arashi . It was released on May 19 , 2010 by their record label J Storm . `` Monster '' is currently being used as the theme song to the drama starring Arashi member Satoshi Ohno . It was released as a CD single in two formats : a regular edition containing two B-sides and the instrumental of all the songs , and a limited edition containing the B-side and a DVD . ", "`` The Warrior '' is a song by American rock band Scandal , from the album Warrior . The song was written by Holly Knight -LRB- `` Love Is a Battlefield '' -RRB- and Nick Gilder -LRB- `` Hot Child in the City '' -RRB- . The song went to number one in Canada and number seven in the United States , as well as number one on the Mainstream Rock chart in the US , in addition to winning a BMI Airplay Award in 1984 . The music video of the song depicts the apocalypse in a warehouse . ", "Killed The Radio Star was the fifth album by Canadian punk rock band Closet Monster , released in 2002 . ", "`` I of the Storm '' is a single recorded by the Icelandic indie folk/indie pop rock band Of Monsters and Men . The song was released as the second single from their second studio album , Beneath the Skin -LRB- 2015 -RRB- . It was written by Nanna Bryndís Hilmarsdóttir and Ragnar Þórhallsson -LRB- of Of Monsters and Men -RRB- . The single artwork was created by artistic director Leif Podhajsky . " ]

[ 2, 1, 1, 0, 1 ]

[ "The_Monster_-LRB-song-RRB-", "Monster_-LRB-Arashi_song-RRB-", "The_Warrior_-LRB-song-RRB-", "Killed_the_Radio_Star", "I_of_the_Storm" ]

[ "`` The Monster '' is a song by American rapper Eminem , featuring guest vocals from Barbadian singer Rihanna , taken from Eminem 's album The Marshall Mathers LP 2 -LRB- 2013 -RRB- . The song was written by Eminem , Jon Bellion , and Bebe Rexha , with production handled by Frequency . `` The Monster '' marks the fourth collaboration between Eminem and Rihanna , following `` Love the Way You Lie '' , its sequel `` Love the Way You Lie -LRB- Part II -RRB- '' -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , and `` Numb '' -LRB- 2012 -RRB- . `` The Monster '' was released on October 29 , 2013 , as the fourth single from the album . The song 's lyrics present Rihanna coming to grips with her inner demons , while Eminem ponders the negative effects of his fame . Upon release the song was met with positive reviews from music critics , who compared the song to `` Love the Way You Lie '' . `` The Monster '' has successfully charted worldwide , topping the charts in twelve countries including Australia , Canada , France , Ireland , New Zealand , Switzerland , the United Kingdom and the United States ' Billboard Hot 100 . It also marks Eminem 's first number one on the US Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs chart and has reached the top ten in Austria , Belgium , Italy and Spain . The song 's accompanying music video was directed by the American filmmaker Rich Lee , the video depicts Rihanna as Eminem 's therapist in a session , as previous videos from his career are shown and referenced including `` Mockingbird '' , `` My Name Is '' , `` Lose Yourself '' , `` 3 a.m. '' , `` The Way I Am '' and the 2001 Grammy Awards performance of `` Stan '' with Elton John . The video was well received and was nominated for several awards . Eminem and Rihanna performed the song live at the 2014 MTV Movie Awards . ", "`` Monster '' is a song recorded by Japanese boy band Arashi . It was released on May 19 , 2010 by their record label J Storm . `` Monster '' is currently being used as the theme song to the drama starring Arashi member Satoshi Ohno . It was released as a CD single in two formats : a regular edition containing two B-sides and the instrumental of all the songs , and a limited edition containing the B-side and a DVD . ", "`` The Warrior '' is a song by American rock band Scandal , from the album Warrior . The song was written by Holly Knight -LRB- `` Love Is a Battlefield '' -RRB- and Nick Gilder -LRB- `` Hot Child in the City '' -RRB- . The song went to number one in Canada and number seven in the United States , as well as number one on the Mainstream Rock chart in the US , in addition to winning a BMI Airplay Award in 1984 . The music video of the song depicts the apocalypse in a warehouse . ", "Killed The Radio Star was the fifth album by Canadian punk rock band Closet Monster , released in 2002 . ", "`` I of the Storm '' is a single recorded by the Icelandic indie folk/indie pop rock band Of Monsters and Men . The song was released as the second single from their second studio album , Beneath the Skin -LRB- 2015 -RRB- . It was written by Nanna Bryndís Hilmarsdóttir and Ragnar Þórhallsson -LRB- of Of Monsters and Men -RRB- . The single artwork was created by artistic director Leif Podhajsky . " ]

[ 2, 1, 1, 0, 1 ]

[ "The_Monster_-LRB-song-RRB-", "Monster_-LRB-Arashi_song-RRB-", "The_Warrior_-LRB-song-RRB-", "Killed_the_Radio_Star", "I_of_the_Storm" ]

[ "`` The Monster '' is a song by American rapper Eminem , featuring guest vocals from Barbadian singer Rihanna , taken from Eminem 's album The Marshall Mathers LP 2 -LRB- 2013 -RRB- . The song was written by Eminem , Jon Bellion , and Bebe Rexha , with production handled by Frequency . `` The Monster '' marks the fourth collaboration between Eminem and Rihanna , following `` Love the Way You Lie '' , its sequel `` Love the Way You Lie -LRB- Part II -RRB- '' -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , and `` Numb '' -LRB- 2012 -RRB- . `` The Monster '' was released on October 29 , 2013 , as the fourth single from the album . The song 's lyrics present Rihanna coming to grips with her inner demons , while Eminem ponders the negative effects of his fame . Upon release the song was met with positive reviews from music critics , who compared the song to `` Love the Way You Lie '' . `` The Monster '' has successfully charted worldwide , topping the charts in twelve countries including Australia , Canada , France , Ireland , New Zealand , Switzerland , the United Kingdom and the United States ' Billboard Hot 100 . It also marks Eminem 's first number one on the US Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs chart and has reached the top ten in Austria , Belgium , Italy and Spain . The song 's accompanying music video was directed by the American filmmaker Rich Lee , the video depicts Rihanna as Eminem 's therapist in a session , as previous videos from his career are shown and referenced including `` Mockingbird '' , `` My Name Is '' , `` Lose Yourself '' , `` 3 a.m. '' , `` The Way I Am '' and the 2001 Grammy Awards performance of `` Stan '' with Elton John . The video was well received and was nominated for several awards . Eminem and Rihanna performed the song live at the 2014 MTV Movie Awards . ", "`` Monster '' is a song recorded by Japanese boy band Arashi . It was released on May 19 , 2010 by their record label J Storm . `` Monster '' is currently being used as the theme song to the drama starring Arashi member Satoshi Ohno . It was released as a CD single in two formats : a regular edition containing two B-sides and the instrumental of all the songs , and a limited edition containing the B-side and a DVD . ", "`` The Warrior '' is a song by American rock band Scandal , from the album Warrior . The song was written by Holly Knight -LRB- `` Love Is a Battlefield '' -RRB- and Nick Gilder -LRB- `` Hot Child in the City '' -RRB- . The song went to number one in Canada and number seven in the United States , as well as number one on the Mainstream Rock chart in the US , in addition to winning a BMI Airplay Award in 1984 . The music video of the song depicts the apocalypse in a warehouse . ", "Killed The Radio Star was the fifth album by Canadian punk rock band Closet Monster , released in 2002 . ", "`` I of the Storm '' is a single recorded by the Icelandic indie folk/indie pop rock band Of Monsters and Men . The song was released as the second single from their second studio album , Beneath the Skin -LRB- 2015 -RRB- . It was written by Nanna Bryndís Hilmarsdóttir and Ragnar Þórhallsson -LRB- of Of Monsters and Men -RRB- . The single artwork was created by artistic director Leif Podhajsky . " ]

[ 2, 1, 1, 0, 1 ]

[ "Talulah_Riley", "Pride_and_Prejudice_and_Zombies", "Leila_Benn_Harris", "Jennifer_Lawrence", "Jan_Anderson_-LRB-actress-RRB-" ]

[ "Talulah Jane Riley-Milburn -LRB- born 26 September 1985 -RRB- , known professionally as Talulah Riley , is an English actress . She has appeared in films such as Pride & Prejudice , St Trinian 's , The Boat That Rocked , St. Trinian 's 2 : The Legend of Fritton 's Gold and Inception . ", "Pride and Prejudice and Zombies is a 2009 parody novel by Seth Grahame-Smith . It is a mashup combining Jane Austen 's classic novel Pride and Prejudice -LRB- 1813 -RRB- with elements of modern zombie fiction , crediting Austen as co-author . It was first published in April 2009 by Quirk Books and in October 2009 a Deluxe Edition was released , containing full-color images and additional zombie scenes . The novel was adapted into a 2016 film starring Lily James and Sam Riley . ", "Leila Benn Harris -LRB- born 1983 -RRB- is a British actress and singer . She trained at Arts Educational School in London and graduated with a BA in Musical Theatre . Upon graduation , she was cast in the lead role of Carmen in the No. 1 National Tour of Fame . She then made her West-End debut in the same role at the Aldwych Theatre . She understudied and played the role of The Mistress in Andrew Lloyd Webber 's West-End revival of Evita at the Adelphi Theatre , directed by Michael Grandage . She was also part of the original cast recording . Leila then starred as Christine in The Phantom of the Opera at Her Majesty 's Theatre , for which she was nominated for a 2008 Whatsonstage.com Theatregoers ' Choice Award for Best Takeover in a Role . To follow , Leila starred in the 2008 Production Imagine This at the New London Theatre in the title role of Rebecca , for which she was nominated for her second 2008 Whatsonstage.com Theatregoers ' Choice Award , this time for Best Leading Actress in a Musical . Other theatre performances include : the title role of Emily in From Up Here at Trafalgar Studios 2 and Liberation Day at The National Theatre Studio . She completed several workshops of the Cat Stevens musical Moonshadow in which she played the lead role of Anees , and appeared in Chess in Concert with Idina Menzel & Josh Groban , to be released on DVD . Leila then completed the run of John Doyle 's revival of Oklahoma ! at The Chichester Festival Theatre - playing the title role of Laurey . Most recently Leila appeared in the critically acclaimed Enron at The Noël Coward Theatre in association with The Royal Court , directed by Rupert Goold . ", "Jennifer Shrader Lawrence -LRB- born August 15 , 1990 -RRB- is an American actress . Since 2015 , Lawrence has been the highest-paid actress in the world , and her films have grossed over $ 5.5 billion worldwide . She appeared in Time 100 most influential people in the world in 2013 and Forbes Celebrity 100 the following year and in 2016 . During her childhood , Lawrence performed in church plays and school musicals . When she was 14 , a talent scout spotted her in New York . She then moved to Los Angeles and began her acting career by playing guest roles in television shows . Her first major role came as a main cast member on the sitcom The Bill Engvall Show -LRB- 2007 -- 2009 -RRB- . Lawrence made her film debut with a supporting role in Garden Party -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , and had her breakthrough playing a poverty-stricken teenager in the independent drama Winter 's Bone -LRB- 2010 -RRB- . She achieved wider recognition for playing the mutant Mystique in X-Men : First Class -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , a role she reprised in later installments of the series . Lawrence 's fame continued to grow with her starring role as Katniss Everdeen in the Hunger Games film series -LRB- 2012 -- 2015 -RRB- , which established her as the highest-grossing action heroine of all time . She went on to earn various accolades from her collaborations with director David O. Russell . Her performance as a depressed widow in the romance film Silver Linings Playbook -LRB- 2012 -RRB- received an Academy Award for Best Actress , making her the second youngest Best Actress Oscar winner . Lawrence subsequently won a BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for playing a troubled wife in the black comedy American Hustle -LRB- 2013 -RRB- . She also received Golden Globe Awards for her roles in both of these films and for playing the eponymous inventor in the biopic Joy -LRB- 2015 -RRB- . Lawrence is known in the media for being a vocal advocate of feminism and gender equality , and is the founder of the Jennifer Lawrence Foundation through which she supports various charitable organizations . ", "Jan Anderson -LRB- born Janina Anderson in South Wales -RRB- is a Welsh actress . Her late mother was a Welsh horse riding teacher ; her late father , an Italian lumberjack father . She had an older sister , Ruth , who died in 1998 . Anderson joined Pyle-based children 's Vagabond Theatre at age seven , with the teacher Trevor Harris . Another influence in her life was drama teacher Roger Burnell at Porthcawl comprehensive school performing with them at The Grand Pavilion until age 13 in productions including starring as Annie in Annie , Juliet in Romeo and Juliet , Cecily in The Importance of Being Earnest , and Lily in Under Milkwood . She also played in Oklahoma , Damn Yankees and in the role of Baby Jane in Gypsy . After leaving school at the age of 15 , she joined the Welsh National Opera , where she toured with the production of Carmen and studied at the Royal Welsh College of Music & Drama . She was the lead presenter on the HTV Wales programme `` The Gen '' . Her other television credits include Is Harry on the Boat , The Bill , Doctors and London 's Burning . She had a role in the 1999 British film Human Traffic , but Jan is mostly known for her role of Chloe Hill in BBC 's `` Casualty '' from 1998 to 2002 . In the early 2000s , she studied acting in Hollywood , and broke into the US film and TV arena . There , she worked on films including Sony Pictures ' `` Detention '' , `` Portal '' , `` Three Days Blind '' , `` Float '' , `` Big Top '' and `` Halloween Night '' . She played Marie in the Torchwood episode `` Reset '' , and had a small role on '' Prison Break '' In July 2011 , Anderson featured in the second episode of the eighth series of Curb Your Enthusiasm , playing the role of Richard Lewis ' new girlfriend , Stella . In 2012 , she relocated back to the UK , and has since worked on Sky 's comedy `` Trollied '' . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ]

[ "MS-DOS_5_Beta", "Solar_MS-1", "MS-13", "MS_18", "17-4_stainless_steel" ]

[ "The MS-DOS 5.0 project started in December 1989 . MS-DOS 5.0 Codename is `` Lifeboat '' based on MS-DOS 4.00 Code . MS-DOS 5.00 is first version MS-DOS to use betas builds . Several MS-DOS 5.00 betas were released before the final launch : ", "__ NOTOC __ The Solar MS-1 was a prototype airliner built in the United States in 1930 . It was a sesquiplane design , its wings braced to each other with warren truss-style struts . The stubby lower wings carried the divided main units of the fixed undercarriage . The fuselage was of rectangular cross-section and featured a fully enclosed flight deck and passenger cabin . The tail was of conventional design with strut-braced stabilizers and carrying a fixed tailwheel . Construction was of metal throughout , and the aircraft was powered by a single radial engine in the nose . The MS-1 , registered X258V , flew for the first time on 21 January 1930 with Doug Kelly at the controls . Kelly described it as `` one of the finest closed planes I have ever flown '' , and Charles Lindbergh also praised the MS-2 when he flew it a few days later . Despite this , airlines did not order the type , although Northwest Airways considered buying ten examples . Solar made the prototype available for charter types for a while , but in 1931 sold it to an operator in Mexico who used it to transport coffee beans . On the Mexican register as XB-AFK , the MS-1 was destroyed in a crash in 1936 . ", "MS-13 -LRB- Mara Salvatrucha ; also known as simply MS or Mara -RRB- is an international criminal gang that originated in Los Angeles , California , US in the 1980s . The gang later spread to many parts of the continental United States , Canada , Mexico , and Central America , and is active in urban and suburban areas . Most members are ethnically of Central American origin -LRB- principally El Salvador -RRB- . In the U.S. , the MS-13 has an especially heavy presence in Los Angeles County and the San Francisco Bay Area in California ; the Washington , D.C. metropolitan areas of Fairfax County , Virginia , Montgomery County , Maryland , and Prince George 's County , Maryland ; Queens , New York ; Long Island , New York ; Newark , New Jersey , Plainfield , New Jersey ; Jersey City , New Jersey ; Elizabeth , New Jersey ; the Boston , Massachusetts area ; Charlotte , North Carolina ; and Houston , Texas . There is also a presence of MS-13 in Toronto , Ontario , Canada . Members of MS are characterised by tattoos covering the body and also often the face , and by the use of their own sign language . They are notorious for their use of violence and a subcultural moral code that predominantly consists of merciless revenge and cruel retributions . This cruelty of the distinguished members of the `` Maras '' or `` Mareros '' earned them a path to be recruited by the Sinaloa Cartel battling against Los Zetas in an ongoing drug war in Mexico . Their wide-ranging activities have drawn the attention of the FBI and Immigration and Customs Enforcement , who have initiated wide-scale raids against known and suspected gang members , arresting hundreds across the country . ", "MS 18 may refer to : Mara 18 , a Central American gang Mississippi Highway 18 ", "SAE type 630 stainless steel -LRB- more commonly known as 17-4 ; also known as UNS 17400 -RRB- is a grade of martensitic precipitation hardened stainless steel . It contains approximately 15-17 .5 % -LRB- 17 -RRB- chromium and 3-5 % -LRB- 4 -RRB- nickel , as well as 3-5 % copper . " ]

[ 0, 0, 1, 0, 1 ]

[ "Skopje", "Battle_of_Şarköy", "Battle_of_Spercheios", "Pirot_Fortress", "Siege_of_Belgrade_-LRB-1456-RRB-" ]

[ "Skopje -LRB- Скопје , -LSB- ˈskɔpjɛ -RSB- -RRB- is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Macedonia . It is the country 's political , cultural , economic , and academic center . It was known in the Roman period under the name Scupi . The territory of Skopje has been inhabited since at least 4000 BC ; remains of Neolithic settlements have been found within the old Kale Fortress that overlooks the modern city centre . On the eve of the 1st century AD , the settlement was seized by the Romans and became a military camp . When the Roman Empire was divided into eastern and western halves in 395 AD , Scupi came under Byzantine rule from Constantinople . During much of the early medieval period , the town was contested between the Byzantines and the Bulgarian Empire , whose capital it was between 972 and 992 . From 1282 , the town was part of the Serbian Empire and acted as its capital city from 1346 to 1371 . In 1392 , the city was conquered by the Ottoman Turks who called the town Üsküp . The town stayed under Turkish control for over 500 years , serving as the capital of pashasanjak of Üsküb and later the Vilayet of Kosovo . At that time the city was famous for its oriental architecture . In 1912 , it was annexed by the Kingdom of Serbia during the Balkan Wars and after the First World War the city became part of the newly formed Kingdom of Serbs , Croats and Slovenes -LRB- Kingdom of Yugoslavia -RRB- . In the Second World War the city was conquered by the Bulgarian Army , which was part of the Axis powers . In 1944 , it became the capital city of Democratic Macedonia -LRB- later Socialist Republic of Macedonia -RRB- , which was a federal state , part of Democratic Federal Yugoslavia -LRB- later Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia -RRB- . The city developed rapidly after World War II , but this trend was interrupted in 1963 when it was hit by a disastrous earthquake . In 1991 , it became the capital city of an independent Macedonia . Skopje is located on the upper course of the Vardar River , and is located on a major north-south Balkan route between Belgrade and Athens . It is a center for metal-processing , chemical , timber , textile , leather , and printing industries . Industrial development of the city has been accompanied by development of the trade , logistics , and banking sectors , as well as an emphasis on the fields of transportation , culture and sport . According to the last official count from 2002 , Skopje has a population of 506,926 inhabitants ; according to two more recent unofficial estimates , the city has a population of 668,518 or 491,000 inhabitants . ", "The Battle of Şarköy or Sarkoy operation -LRB- Битка при Шаркьой , Şarköy Çıkarması -RRB- took place between 9 and 11 February 1913 during the First Balkan War between Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire . The Ottomans attempted a counter-attack , but were defeated by the Bulgarians at the Battles of Bulair and Şarköy . ", "The Battle of Spercheios took place in 997 AD , on the shores of the Spercheios river near the city of Lamia in central Greece . It was fought between a Bulgarian army led by Tsar Samuil , that in the previous year had penetrated south into Greece , and a Byzantine army under the command of general Nikephoros Ouranos . The Byzantine victory virtually destroyed the Bulgarian army , and stopped its raids in the southern Balkans and Greece . The major historical source on the battle comes from Greek historian John Skylitzes whose Synopsis of Histories contains a biography of the then reigning Byzantine Emperor , Basil II . ", "Momchilov grad -LRB- Momchilo 's fortress -RRB- is situated in Pirot , Serbia . It was built in the 14th century by Bulgarian brigand and local ruler Momchil . In 1344 , the regency concluded a further alliance with Bulgaria , which required the surrender of Philippopolis -LRB- Plovdiv -RRB- and nine other towns in northern Thrace along the river Evros . Nevertheless , after their occupation , Ivan Alexander refrained from direct action against John VI Kantakouzenos ' forces operating in southern and eastern Thrace . At the same time , Momchil , a former brigand whom Kantakouzenos had entrusted with control over the Merope -LRB- region -RRB- in the Rhodope mountains , switched over to the regency . It was supposed to serve as a defense against the Turks on the busy road which led from Belgrade to Constantinople . Pirot Fortress was declared Monument of Culture of Great Importance in 1979 , and it is protected by Republic of Serbia . ", "The Siege of Belgrade , or Battle of Belgrade or Siege of Nándorfehérvár . occurred from July 4 -- 22 , 1456 . After the fall of Constantinople in 1453 , the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II rallied his resources in order to subjugate the Kingdom of Hungary . His immediate objective was the border fort of the town of Belgrade -LRB- in old Hungarian Nándorfehérvár -RRB- . John Hunyadi , the Voivode of Transylvania , who had fought many battles against the Turks in the previous two decades , prepared the defenses of the fortress . The siege eventually escalated into a major battle , during which Hunyadi led a sudden counterattack that overran the Ottoman camp , ultimately compelling the wounded Mehmed II to lift the siege and retreat . The battle had significant consequences , as it stabilized the southern frontiers of the Kingdom of Hungary for more than half a century and thus considerably delaying the Ottoman advance in Europe . The Pope celebrated the victory as well , as he previously ordered all Catholic kingdoms to pray for the victory of the defenders of Belgrade . This led to the noon bell ritual that is still undertaken in Catholic and old Protestant churches nowadays . The day of the victory , 22 July , has been a memorial day in Hungary ever since . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic", "Soviet_Union", "Republic_of_Macedonia–Ukraine_relations", "Emblem_of_the_Moldavian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic", "Armenian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" ]

[ "The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic -LRB- Ukrainian SSR or UkrSSR or UkSSR ; Украї́нська Радя́нська Соціалісти́чна Респу́бліка , Украї́нська РСР Украи́нская Сове́тская Социалисти́ческая Респу́блика , Украи́нская ССР see `` Name '' section below -RRB- , commonly referred to in English as Ukraine -LRB- -LSB- juːˈkreɪn -RSB- Україна , tr . Ukrayina -LSB- ukrɑˈjinɑ -RSB- -RRB- , was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union from its inception in 1922 to its breakup in 1991 . From 1919 -- 22 it was a sovereign state . Throughout this period Ukraine was referred to as a Soviet socialist state . It is referred to sometimes as Soviet Ukraine by some historians . The Ukrainian SSR was a founding member of the United Nations , although it was legally represented by the All-Union state in its affairs with countries outside of the Soviet Union . Upon the Soviet Union 's dissolution and perestroika , the Ukrainian SSR was transformed into the modern nation-state and renamed itself to Ukraine , although Ukraine 's new constitution was only ratified on 28 June 1996 . Throughout its 72-year history , the republic 's borders changed many times , with a significant portion of what is now Western Ukraine being annexed by Soviet forces in 1939 from the Republic of Poland , and the addition of Crimea in 1954 . From the start , the eastern city of Kharkiv served as the republic 's capital . However , in 1934 , the seat of government was subsequently moved to the city of Kiev , which remained the capital of newly independent Ukraine . Geographically , the Ukrainian SSR was situated in Eastern Europe to the north of the Black Sea , bordered by the Soviet republics of Moldavia , Byelorussia , and the Russian SFSR . The Ukrainian SSR 's border with Czechoslovakia formed the Soviet Union 's western-most border point . According to the Soviet Census of 1989 the republic had a population of 51,706,746 inhabitants , which fell sharply after the breakup of the Soviet Union . ", "The Soviet Union -LRB- -LSB- Сове́тский Сою́з , r = Sovetskiy Soyuz -RSB- -LSB- sɐ ` vʲetskʲɪj sɐˈjʉs -RSB- -RRB- , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics -LRB- USSR ; Сою́з Сове́тских Социалисти́ческих Респу́блик , -LSB- sɐˈjus sɐˈvʲɛtskʲɪx sətsɨəlʲɪsˈtʲitɕɪskʲɪx rʲɪˈspublʲɪk -RSB- -RRB- , also known unofficially as Russia -LRB- -LSB- Росси́я , Rossiya , rɐˈsʲijə -RSB- -RRB- , was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991 . Nominally a union of multiple equal national Soviet republics , its government and economy were highly centralized in a state that was unitary in most respects . The country was a one-party federation , governed by the Communist Party with Moscow as its capital . The Soviet Union had its roots in the October Revolution of 1917 , when the Bolsheviks , led by Vladimir Lenin , overthrew the Russian Provisional Government which had replaced Tsar Nicholas II . In 1922 , the Soviet Union was formed with the unification of the Russian , Transcaucasian , Ukrainian , and Byelorussian republics . Following Lenin 's death in 1924 and a brief power struggle , Joseph Stalin came to power in the mid-1920s . Stalin committed the state 's ideology to Marxism -- Leninism -LRB- which he created -RRB- , and initiated a centrally planned economy . As a result , the country underwent a period of rapid industrialization and collectivization . Political paranoia was also fomented around Stalin , and the Great Purge was carried out to remove his opponents from the Communist Party through arbitrary arrests and persecutions of many people . Shortly before World War II , Stalin signed the Molotov -- Ribbentrop Pact agreeing to non-aggression with Nazi Germany , after which the two countries invaded Poland in September 1939 . In June 1941 , Germany invaded the Soviet Union , opening the largest and bloodiest theater of war in history . Soviet war casualties accounted for the highest proportion of the conflict in the effort of acquiring the upper hand over Axis forces at intense battles such as Stalingrad . The territories overtaken by the Red Army became satellite states of the USSR . The Cold War emerged by 1947 as the Eastern Bloc which united under the Warsaw Pact in 1955 confronted the Western states which united under NATO in 1949 . Following Stalin 's death in 1953 , a period of political and economic liberalization , known as `` de-Stalinization '' and `` Khrushchev 's Thaw '' , occurred under the leadership of Nikita Khrushchev . The Soviet Union took an early lead in the Space Race , with the first artificial satellite and the first human spaceflight . In the 1970s , there was a brief détente of relations with the United States , but tensions resumed with the Soviet -- Afghan War in 1979 . In the mid-1980s , the last Soviet leader , Mikhail Gorbachev , sought to reform and liberalize the economy through his policies of glasnost and perestroika . The Cold War ended during his tenure , and in 1989 , Soviet satellite states in Eastern Europe overthrew their respective communist governments . This led to the rise of strong nationalist and separatist movements inside the USSR as well . The government initiated a referendum , boycotted by some Soviet republics , which resulted in the majority of participating citizens voting in favor of preserving the union as a renewed federation . In August 1991 , an abortive coup d'état was attempted by Communist Party hardliners . The Russian President Boris Yeltsin played a high-profile role in facing down the coup . On 25 December 1991 , Gorbachev resigned and the remaining twelve constituent republics emerged from the dissolution of the Soviet Union as independent post-Soviet states . The Russian Federation -- formerly the Russian SFSR -- assumed the Soviet Union 's rights and obligations and is recognized as the primary legal successor of the Soviet Union . ", "Republic of Macedonia -- Ukraine relations refers to the bilateral relations of the Republic of Macedonia and Ukraine . There is a Macedonian embassy in Kiev , while Ukraine maintains an embassy in Skopje . Ukraine also has a consulate in the Macedonian city of Bitola . Over the years , there have been several efforts to strengthen relations between the two countries . ", "The coat of arms of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic was adopted on February 10 , 1941 by the government of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic . The coat of arms is based on the coat of arms of the Soviet Union . It shows symbols of agriculture , an outer rim featuring wheat , corn , grapes and clover . The red banner bears the Soviet Union state motto -LRB- `` Workers of the world , unite ! '' -RRB- in both the Russian and Moldovan languages . In Moldovan , it was initially '' Пролетарь дин тоате цэриле , униць-вэ ! '' , then , from the 1950s '' Пролетарь дин тоате цэриле , уници-вэ ! '' , both transliterated as `` Proletari din toate țările , uniți-vă ! '' . The acronym `` MSSR '' is shown only in Moldovan . The emblem was replaced on November 3 , 1990 by the present coat of arms of Moldova . The unrecognised Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic -LRB- also known as Transnistria -RRB- uses a similar state emblem . ", "Armenia -LRB- -LSB- ɑrˈmiːniə -RSB- , -LSB- - ˈmiːnjə -RSB- Հայաստան , tr . Hayastan , -LSB- hɑjɑsˈtɑn -RSB- ; Армения Armeniya -RRB- , officially the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic ; -LRB- Armenian SSR ; Հայկական Սովետական Սոցիալիստական Հանրապետություն Haykakan Sovetakan Soc ` ialistakan Hanrapetut ` yun Армя́нская Сове́тская Социалисти́ческая Респу́блика Armyanskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialističeskaya Respublika -RRB- , also commonly referred to as Soviet Armenia was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union in December 1922 located in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia . It was established in December 1920 , when the Soviets took over control of the short-lived First Republic of Armenia and lasted until 1991 . It is sometimes called the Second Republic of Armenia , following the First Republic of Armenia 's demise . As part of the Soviet Union , the Armenian SSR transformed from a largely agricultural hinterland to an important industrial production center , while its population almost quadrupled from around 880,000 in 1926 to 3.3 million in 1989 due to natural growth and large-scale influx of Armenian Genocide survivors and their descendants . On August 23 , 1990 , it was renamed the Republic of Armenia after its sovereignty was declared , but remained in the Soviet Union until its official proclamation of independence on 21 September 1991 . Its independence was recognized on 26 December 1991 when the Soviet Union ceased to exist . After the dissolution of the Soviet Union , the state of the post-Union Republic of Armenia existed until the adoption of the new constitution in 1995 . " ]

[ 1, 1, 0, 1, 1 ]

[ "Indiana_Pacers", "1971–72_Indiana_Pacers_season", "2010–11_Indiana_Pacers_season", "Indianapolis_Checkers", "West_Michigan_League" ]

[ "The Indiana Pacers are an American professional basketball team based in Indianapolis . The Pacers compete in the National Basketball Association -LRB- NBA -RRB- as a member club of the league 's Eastern Conference Central Division . The Pacers were first established in 1967 as a member of the American Basketball Association -LRB- ABA -RRB- and became a member of the NBA in 1976 as a result of the ABA -- NBA merger . They play their home games at Bankers Life Fieldhouse . The team is named after Indiana 's history with the Indianapolis 500 's pace cars and with the harness racing industry . The Pacers have won three championships , all in the ABA . The Pacers were Eastern Conference champions in 2000 . The team has won nine division titles . Five Hall of Fame players -- Reggie Miller , Chris Mullin , Alex English , Mel Daniels , and Roger Brown -- played with the Pacers for multiple seasons . ", "The 1971 -- 72 Indiana Pacers season was the 5th season of the Pacers in the American Basketball Association . The Pacers finished second in the Western Division and won their second ABA title . In the division semifinals , the Pacers required seven games to eliminate the Denver Rockets . In the division finals , the Utah Stars were eliminated in seven games . The New York Nets appeared in the ABA Championships for the first time and were defeated by the Pacers in six games . ", "The 2010 -- 11 Indiana Pacers season was Indiana 's 44th season as a franchise and 35th season in the NBA . With a victory over the Washington Wizards on April 6 , 2011 , the Pacers clinched their first playoff berth since 2006 . However , a first round loss to Derrick Rose and the top-seeded Chicago Bulls ended the season for the Pacers . On January 30 , head coach Jim O'Brien was fired . Replacing him was interim head coach Frank Vogel , who would be named as permanent during the lockout following the season . ", "The Indianapolis Checkers were a minor league professional ice hockey team from Indianapolis , Indiana . The Checkers ' home arena was the Fairgrounds Coliseum from 1979 to 1985 and Market Square Arena from 1985 to 1987 . The team originated in the Central Hockey League where they played from 1979 to 1984 . The Checkers filled a void left by the departed Indianapolis Racers of the World Hockey Association . Indianapolis won the Adams Cup as the CHL champions twice , in 1982 and 1983 . The team transferred to the International Hockey League , where they played from 1984 to 1987 . At the completion of the 1986 -- 87 season , the team was relocated to Denver , Colorado and renamed the Colorado Rangers . ", "The West Michigan League was an early 20th Century Minor League Baseball league that included teams in the western part of Michigan . Among the league 's baseball teams was the Traverse City Resorters , which folded after the 1915 season , the Cadillac Chiefs , Holland Wooden Shoes , Muskegon Speed Boys . " ]

[ 1, 0, 0, 1, 0 ]

[ "Boeing_767", "Boeing_787_Dreamliner", "Boeing_X-48", "Kam-Craft_Kamvair-2", "Airbus_A380" ]

[ "The Boeing 767 is a mid - to large-size , long-range , wide-body twin-engine jet airliner built by Boeing Commercial Airplanes . It was Boeing 's first wide-body twinjet and its first airliner with a two-crew glass cockpit . The aircraft has two turbofan engines , a conventional tail , and , for reduced aerodynamic drag , a supercritical wing design . Designed as a smaller wide-body airliner than earlier aircraft such as the 747 , the 767 has seating capacity for 181 to 375 people , and a design range of 3850 to , depending on variant . Development of the 767 occurred in tandem with a narrow-body twinjet , the 757 , resulting in shared design features which allow pilots to obtain a common type rating to operate both aircraft . The 767 is produced in three fuselage lengths . The original 767-200 entered service in 1982 , followed by the 767-300 in 1986 and the 767-400ER , an extended-range -LRB- ER -RRB- variant , in 2000 . The extended-range 767-200ER and 767-300ER models entered service in 1984 and 1988 , respectively , while a production freighter version , the 767-300F , debuted in 1995 . Conversion programs have modified passenger 767-200 and 767-300 series aircraft for cargo use , while military derivatives include the E-767 surveillance aircraft , the KC-767 and KC-46 aerial tankers , and VIP transports . Engines featured on the 767 include the General Electric CF6 , Pratt & Whitney JT9D and PW4000 , and Rolls-Royce RB211 turbofans . United Airlines first placed the 767 in commercial service in 1982 . The aircraft was initially flown on domestic and transcontinental routes , during which it demonstrated the reliability of its twinjet design . In 1985 , the 767 became the first twin-engined airliner to receive regulatory approval for extended overseas flights . The aircraft was then used to expand non-stop service on medium - to long-haul intercontinental routes . In 1986 , Boeing initiated studies for a higher-capacity 767 , ultimately leading to the development of the 777 , a larger wide-body twinjet . In the 1990s , the 767 became the most frequently used airliner for transatlantic flights between North America and Europe . The 767 is the first twinjet wide-body type to reach 1,000 aircraft delivered . As of April 2017 , Boeing has received 1,204 orders for the 767 from 74 customers ; 1,098 have been delivered . A total of 742 of these aircraft were in service in July 2016 ; the most popular variant is the 767-300ER , with 583 delivered ; Delta Air Lines is the largest operator , with 91 aircraft . Competitors have included the Airbus A300 , A310 , and A330-200 , while a successor , the 787 Dreamliner , entered service in October 2011 . Despite this , the 767 still remains in production . ", "The Boeing 787 Dreamliner is an American long-haul , mid-size widebody , twin-engine jet airliner made by Boeing Commercial Airplanes . Its variants seat 242 to 335 passengers in typical three-class seating configurations . It is a pioneering airliner with the use of composite materials as the primary material in the construction of its airframe . The 787 was designed to be 20 % more fuel efficient than the Boeing 767 , which it was intended to replace . The 787 Dreamliner 's distinguishing features include mostly electrical flight systems , raked wingtips , and noise-reducing chevrons on its engine nacelles . It shares a common type rating with the larger Boeing 777 to allow qualified pilots to operate both models . The aircraft 's initial designation was the 7E7 , prior to its renaming in January 2005 . The first 787 was unveiled in a roll-out ceremony on July 8 , 2007 at Boeing 's Everett factory . Development and production of the 787 has involved a large-scale collaboration with numerous suppliers worldwide . Final assembly takes place at the Boeing Everett Factory in Everett , Washington , and at the Boeing South Carolina factory in North Charleston , South Carolina . Originally planned to enter service in May 2008 , the project experienced multiple delays . The airliner 's maiden flight took place on December 15 , 2009 , and completed flight testing in mid-2011 . Boeing has reportedly spent $ 32 billion on the 787 program . Final US Federal Aviation Administration -LRB- FAA -RRB- and European Aviation Safety Agency -LRB- EASA -RRB- type certification was received in August 2011 and the first 787-8 was delivered in September 2011 . It entered commercial service on October 26 , 2011 with launch customer All Nippon Airways . The stretched 787-9 variant , which is 20 ft longer and can fly 450 nmi farther than the -8 , first flew in September 2013 . Deliveries of the 787-9 began in July 2014 ; it entered commercial service on August 7 , 2014 with All Nippon Airways , with 787-9 launch customer Air New Zealand following two days later . As of April 2017 , the 787 had orders for 1,213 aircraft from 64 customers , with All Nippon Airways having the largest number on order . The aircraft has suffered from several in-service problems , including fires on board related to its lithium-ion batteries . These systems were reviewed by both the FAA and the Japan Civil Aviation Bureau . The FAA issued a directive in January 2013 that grounded all 787s in the US and other civil aviation authorities followed suit . After Boeing completed tests on a revised battery design , the FAA approved the revised design and lifted the grounding in April 2013 ; the 787 returned to passenger service later that month . ", "The Boeing X-48 is an American experimental unmanned aerial vehicle -LRB- UAV -RRB- built to investigate the characteristics of blended wing body -LRB- BWB -RRB- aircraft , a type of flying wing . Boeing designed the X-48 and two examples were built by Cranfield Aerospace in the UK . Boeing began flight testing the X-48B version for NASA in 2007 . The X-48B was later modified into the X-48C version , which was flight tested from August 2012 to April 2013 . Boeing and NASA plan to develop a larger BWB demonstrator . ", "The Kam-Craft Kamvair-2 is an American aircraft designed for homebuilt construction . ", "The Airbus A380 is a double-deck , wide-body , four-engine jet airliner manufactured by European manufacturer Airbus . It is the world 's largest passenger airliner , and the airports at which it operates have upgraded facilities to accommodate it . It was initially named Airbus A3XX and designed to challenge Boeing 's monopoly in the large-aircraft market . The A380 made its first flight on 27 April 2005 and entered commercial service on 25 October 2007 with Singapore Airlines . The A380 's upper deck extends along the entire length of the fuselage , with a width equivalent to a wide-body aircraft . This gives the A380-800 's cabin 550 m2 of usable floor space , 40 % more than the next largest airliner , the Boeing 747-8 , and provides seating for 525 people in a typical three-class configuration or up to 853 people in an all-economy class configuration . The A380-800 has a design range of 15700 km , serving the second - and third-longest non-stop scheduled flights in the world -LRB- as of February 2017 -RRB- , and a cruising speed of Mach 0.85 -LRB- about 900 km/h , 560 mph or 490 kt at cruising altitude -RRB- . , Airbus had received 317 firm orders and delivered 210 aircraft ; Emirates is the biggest A380 customer with 142 ordered of which 94 have been delivered . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 0, 1 ]

[ "Ekta_Kapoor", "Kareena_Kapoor", "Dheeraj_Kumar", "Karisma_Kapoor", "Jab_Tak_Hai_Jaan" ]

[ "Ekta Kapoor -LRB- born 7 June 1975 -RRB- is an Indian TV and film producer . She is the Joint Managing Director and Creative Director of Balaji Telefilms , her production company . Kapoor is the daughter of actor Jeetendra and Shobha Kapoor . Her younger brother Tusshar Kapoor is also a Bollywood actor . She did her schooling at Bombay Scottish School , Mahim and attended college at Mithibai College . She has produced numerous soap opera , television series and movies . Some soap operas she had worked on include Hum Paanch , Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi , Kahaani Ghar Ghar Ki , Kasautii Zindagii Kay , Pavitra Rishta , Bade Acche Lagte Hain , and Jodha Akbar . Kapoor has also produced the television series Naagin , Ye Hai Mohabbatein , Kumkum Bhagya , Kavach and Kasam Tere Pyaar Ki . She has also launched her fashion series with EK Label . She ventured into Bollywood movie production in 2001 beginning with Kyo Kii ... Main Jhuth Nahin Bolta , Kucch To Hai and Krishna Cottage based on supernatural themes followed in 2003 and 2004 . Kyaa Kool Hai Hum starred her brother Tusshar Kapoor . She then went on to co-produce Shootout at Lokhandwala with Sanjay Gupta . Mission Istanbul and EMI -- Liya Hai Toh Chukana Padhega in collaboration with Sunil Shetty followed . In 2010 to 2014 she released a number of films including Love Sex aur Dhokha , Once Upon a Time in Mumbaai , and Shor in the City . ", "Kareena Kapoor -LRB- -LSB- kəˈriːnaː kəˈpuːr -RSB- ; born 21 September 1980 -RRB- , also known by her married name Kareena Kapoor Khan , is an Indian actress who appears in Hindi films . She is the daughter of actors Randhir Kapoor and Babita , and the younger sister of actress Karisma Kapoor . Noted for playing a variety of characters in a range of film genres -- from romantic comedies to crime dramas -- Kapoor is the recipient of several awards , including six Filmfare Awards , and is one of Bollywood 's most popular and highest-paid actresses . After making her acting debut in the 2000 war film Refugee , Kapoor established herself in Hindi cinema with roles in the historical drama Aśoka , and the blockbuster melodrama Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham ... -LRB- both 2001 -RRB- . This initial success was followed by a series of commercial failures and repetitive roles , which garnered her negative reviews . The year 2004 marked a turning point for Kapoor when she played against type in the role of a sex worker in the drama Chameli . She subsequently earned wide critical recognition for her portrayal of a riot victim in the 2004 drama Dev and a character based on William Shakespeare 's heroine Desdemona in the 2006 crime film Omkara . She went on to receive Filmfare Awards for Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress for her performances in the 2007 romantic comedy Jab We Met and the 2010 drama We Are Family , respectively . Kapoor achieved further success by featuring as the female lead in two of India 's top-grossing productions -- the 2009 comedy-drama 3 Idiots and the 2015 social drama Bajrangi Bhaijaan -- and received praise for her roles in the 2009 thriller Kurbaan and the 2012 drama Heroine . Married to actor Saif Ali Khan , with whom she has a son , Kapoor 's off-screen life is the subject of widespread coverage in India . She has a reputation for being outspoken and assertive , and is recognised for her contributions to the film industry through her fashion style and film roles . In addition to film acting , Kapoor is a stage performer and has contributed as a co-author to three books : an autobiographical memoir and two nutrition guides . She has also launched her own clothing line in association with the retail chain Globus . ", "Dheeraj Kapoor is an Indian actor , television producer and director . He started Creative Eye Limited , a television production house in 1986 . He acted in both Bollywood and Punjabi movies , including Sargam -LRB- 1979 -RRB- , Roti Kapada Aur Makaan -LRB- 1974 -RRB- and Beharoopia -LRB- 1971 -RRB- . ", "Karisma Kapoor -LRB- born 25 June 1974 -RRB- is an Indian actress , who appears in Hindi films . One of the most popular and highest-paid actresses of India , Kapoor is particularly known for her work in the female-centric films and her film roles have been credited as a significant departure from the traditional portrayal of women in Hindi films . Kapoor is often regarded as the nation 's most beautiful actress , and is the recipient of several accolades , including a National Film Award and four Filmfare Awards . Born and raised in Mumbai , she is a member of the Kapoor family , where her parents and other relatives are all involved in the Indian film industry . Despite her family background , her father disliked women entering films , and separated from her mother . Kapoor , at the age of seventeen , left her studies to pursue a film career for financial support , and made her acting debut with a leading role in the moderately successful Prem Qaidi -LRB- 1991 -RRB- . Subsequently , Kapoor starred in a number of box-office hits , including the dramas Jigar -LRB- 1992 -RRB- and Anari -LRB- 1993 -RRB- , the comedies Raja Babu -LRB- 1994 -RRB- , Coolie No. 1 -LRB- 1995 -RRB- and Saajan Chale Sasural -LRB- 1996 -RRB- , and the thriller Jeet -LRB- 1996 -RRB- . However , she was criticised for her brief , repetitivein roles and inclination to male-dominated films . The 1996 blockbuster romance Raja Hindustani marked a significant turning point in Kapoor 's career , earning her praise and a Filmfare Award for Best Actress . She later won the National Film Award and Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress for her portrayal of a dancer in Yash Chopra 's blockbuster musical romance Dil To Pagal Hai -LRB- 1997 -RRB- . Kapoor achieved further success by featuring as the female lead in three of David Dhawan 's top grossing romantic comedies -- Hero No. 1 -LRB- 1997 -RRB- , Biwi No. 1 -LRB- 1999 -RRB- and Dulhan Hum Le Jayenge -LRB- 2000 -RRB- , and Sooraj Barjatya 's highly successful family drama Hum Saath-Saath Hain -LRB- 1999 -RRB- -- and won the Best Actress and Best Actress Critics awards at Filmfare for her titular roles in the highly acclaimed dramas Fiza -LRB- 2000 -RRB- and Zubeidaa -LRB- 2001 -RRB- , respectively . She also received widespread praise for her performance in the 2002 revenge drama Shakti : The Power . Kapoor took a leave from full-time acting in 2004 , and made her comeback with the 2012 supernatural thriller Dangerous Ishqq , after which she again took a leave . ", "Jab Tak Hai Jaan -LRB- English : As Long as I Live , literally `` as long , or as far , as there is life '' -RRB- is a 2012 Indian romantic drama film directed by Yash Chopra and written and produced by Aditya Chopra under their production banner , Yash Raj Films . The movie is the first collaboration between Khan and Kaif , and the second between Khan and Sharma -LRB- they previously featured in the 2008 film Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi -RRB- . Yash Chopra returned to directing eight years after Veer-Zaara . This was to be his final film before his death in October 2012 , at age 80 . The background score and soundtrack was composed by A. R. Rahman , with lyrics from Gulzar . Set in London , England , Jab Tak Hai Jaan tells the story of Akira Rai -LRB- Anushka Sharma -RRB- , an ambitious , hardworking intern at the Discovery Channel . She finds the diary of Samar Anand -LRB- Shah Rukh Khan -RRB- , a bomb-disposal expert . The diary recounts his time as a struggling immigrant in London , and later details his whirlwind romance with Meera Thapar -LRB- Katrina Kaif -RRB- . The film was released during the six-day Diwali weekend beginning on 13 November 2012 . Jab Tak Hai Jaan emerged as the third-highest-grossing Bollywood film overseas at that time , after 3 Idiots and My Name Is Khan -LRB- 2010 -RRB- . The film was praised for its direction , cinematography , and the chemistry between its lead actors . Khan and Sharma were lauded for their performances , though the movie 's predictable plot drew criticism . At the end of its theatrical run Jab Tak Hai Jaan received a number of awards , including four Filmfare Awards , which included trophies for Best Supporting Actress -LRB- Anushka Sharma -RRB- and Best Lyrics for Gulzar . " ]

[ 1, 1, 0, 1, 1 ]

[ "Lyon", "Valence,_Drôme", "Collonges-au-Mont-d'Or", "International_School_of_Lyon", "Francheville,_Rhône" ]

[ "Lyon -LRB- -LSB- liːˈɒn -RSB- or -LSB- ˈliːɒn -RSB- -LSB- ljɔ̃ -RSB- , locally : -LSB- lijɔ̃ -RSB- Liyon -LSB- - frpʎjɔ̃ -RSB- -RRB- is a city in east-central France , in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region , about 470 km from Paris , 320 km from Marseille and 55 km from Saint-Etienne . Inhabitants of the city are called Lyonnais . Lyon had a population of 506,615 in 2014 and is France 's third-largest city after Paris and Marseille . Lyon is the capital of the Metropolis of Lyon and the region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes . The metropolitan area of Lyon had a population of 2,237,676 in 2013 , the second-largest in France after Paris . The city is known for its cuisine and gastronomy and historical and architectural landmarks and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site . Lyon was historically an important area for the production and weaving of silk . It played a significant role in the history of cinema : Auguste and Louis Lumière invented the cinematographe in Lyon . The city is also known for its famous light festival , Fête des Lumières , which occurs every 8 December and lasts for four days , earning Lyon the title of Capital of Lights . Economically , Lyon is a major centre for banking , as well as for the chemical , pharmaceutical , and biotech industries . The city contains a significant software industry with a particular focus on video games , and in recent years has fostered a growing local start-up sector . Lyon hosts the international headquarters of Interpol , Euronews , and International Agency for Research on Cancer . Lyon was ranked 19th globally and second in France for innovation in 2014 . It ranked second in France and 39th globally in Mercer 's 2015 liveability rankings . ", "Valence -LRB- -LSB- va.lɑ̃s -RSB- ; Valença -LSB- vaˈlensɔ -RSB- -RRB- is a commune in southeastern France , the capital of the Drôme department and within the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region . It is situated on the left bank of the Rhône , about 100 km south of Lyon , along the railway line that runs from Paris to Marseille . It is the 5th largest city in the region by its population , with 62,481 registered inhabitants in 2012 -LRB- 127,559 inhabitants in the -RRB- . The city of Valence is divided into . Its inhabitants are called Valentinois . Located in the heart of the , Valence is often referred to as `` the door to the South of France '' , the local saying à Valence le Midi commence -LRB- `` at Valence the Midi begins '' -RRB- pays tribute to the city 's southern culture . Between Vercors and Provence , its geographical location attracts many tourists . Axes of transport and communications are the A7 and A49 autoroutes , the RN7 , Paris/Marseille TGV line , as well as the Rhône . In addition , the Valence agglomeration is equipped with a , a , two railway stations -LRB- Valence-Ville and Valence-TGV -RRB- and an airport . Its business is essentially turned towards the sectors of agriculture , metallurgy , engineering and electronics . The commune , founded in 121 BC , after the invasion of Gallia Narbonensis by the Romans , it moved quickly to become the largest crossroad behind Lyon . With its growing importance , Valence gained the status of Roman colony . Over the centuries , the town grew and grew . Today , many vestiges of the Middle Ages , Renaissance , but also from the 17th century , 18th century and 19th century are visible in the city centre . The city is historically attached to the Dauphiné , of which it forms the second largest city after Grenoble and is today part of the network of French Towns and Lands of Art and History . Formerly the duchy of Valentinois , it was ruled by the Duke of Valentinois , a title which is still claimed by the Sovereign Prince of Monaco , though he has no actual administrative control over the area . Valence has beautiful monuments such as the , built between 1528 and 1532 by Antoine de Dorne , the Saint-Apollinaire Cathedral , built between 1063 and 1099 under the leadership of Bishop Gontard and also the designed by the architect Eugène Poitoux . The city has many , most of which are in . Inscribed on the list of flowery towns and villages of France , Valence is one of the seventeen municipalities of the Rhône-Alpes region to be labeled `` four flowers '' by the Concours des villes et villages fleuris , i.e. the maximum level . ", "Collonges-au-Mont-d'Or is a commune in the Metropolis of Lyon in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in eastern France . ", "International School of Lyon -LRB- ISL -RRB- is an English-language international school in Sainte Foy-Lès-Lyon , France , near Lyon . The school serves preschool -LRB- beginning at age 3 -RRB- through senior high school . It was established in March 2004 . ", "Francheville is a commune in the Metropolis of Lyon in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in eastern France . " ]

[ 1, 1, 0, 2, 0 ]

[ "Stanford_prison_experiment", "Thomas_Welton_Stanford", "Skymind", "Beati_quorum_via_-LRB-Stanford-RRB-", "Project_Y" ]

[ "The Stanford prison experiment -LRB- SPE -RRB- was an attempt to investigate the psychological effects of perceived power , focusing on the struggle between prisoners and prison guards . It was conducted at Stanford University on August 14 -- 20 , 1971 , by a research group led by psychology professor Philip Zimbardo using college students . It was funded by the U.S. Office of Naval Research as an investigation into the causes of difficulties between guards and prisoners in the United States Navy and United States Marine Corps . The experiment is a topic covered in most introductory psychology textbooks . Some participants developed their roles as the guards and enforced authoritarian measures and ultimately subjected some prisoners to psychological torture . Many of the prisoners passively accepted psychological abuse and , by the guards ' request , actively harassed other prisoners who tried to stop it . Zimbardo , in his role as the superintendent , allowed abuse to continue . Two of the prisoners left mid-experiment , and the whole exercise was abandoned after six days following the objections of graduate student Christina Maslach , whom Zimbardo was dating -LRB- and later married -RRB- . Certain portions of the experiment were filmed , and excerpts of footage are publicly available . ", "Thomas Welton Stanford -LRB- 1832 - 1918 -RRB- , also known as Welton Stanford , was an American-born Australian businessman , spiritualist and philanthropist , most notably toward Stanford University , which was founded by his older brother Leland Stanford . Although living most of his adult life in Australia , he kept his American citizenship and served intermittently as honorary American vice consul-general in Melbourne . Thomas Welton Stanford was born in 1832 in Albany , New York , the youngest of six sons of Josiah Stanford , a public works contractor , and his wife Elizabeth , née Phillips . He was educated at Troy Conference Academy in Vermont . In 1852 , he left for California , attracted by the California Gold Rush as were all of his brothers . They ran a store in the gold fields for a few years ; by 1858 the brothers were running the largest oil company in the West . In December 1859 , Thomas and his brother DeWitt Stanford moved to Melbourne . In Australia , he became a distributor for Singer sewing machines and rang up record sales , using innovative sales techniques such as time payment . By the time Singer stopped using independent distributors in the 1880s , Stanford was a wealthy man . He became increasingly reclusive after DeWitt 's death and developed a strong interest in spiritualism . He founded the Victorian Association of Progressive Spiritualists , together with W. H. Terry and J. B. Motherwell , and sponsored many séances , becoming known as the `` father of spiritualism in Australia '' . He served on the board of trustees of Stanford University , which had been founded in 1891 as a memorial to Leland and Jane Stanford 's only son Leland Stanford Jr. , almost from its inception until his death . He was also a generous and frequent benefactor to the university . When he received a legacy from his brother Leland 's will , he donated half of it -LRB- $ 300,000 -RRB- to Stanford . He donated his books on Australia and his art collection to the university , and underwrote the construction of a library to house them . The Thomas Welton Stanford Library , built in 1900 , was the university 's main library until the completion of a new main library -LRB- now the Green Library -RRB- in 1919 . His art collection formed the nucleus of the university 's art department , and his contributions built the Thomas Welton Stanford Art Gallery on the campus , which was completed in 1917 and is still the art department 's main gallery . The first Director of the Gallery was Pedro Joseph de Lemos , the former head of the San Francisco Art Institute , who staged during his tenure from 1917 to 1945 a near continuous series of exhibitions focused on important contemporary artists as well as crafts . Many of T. W. Stanford 's donations to the university were earmarked for `` psychical research '' , resulting in the publication of a 640-page volume called Experiments in Psychical Research at Leland Stanford Junior University , published in 1917 . At the insistence of university lawyers , his later donations were earmarked for `` psychical research and related phenomena '' , which was interpreted to mean the entire psychology department ; for several years his grants supplied almost the entire budget for the department . He died August 28 , 1918 , at his home in East Melbourne , and left the bulk of his estate to Stanford University . His papers are housed in the university archives . ", "Skymind is an artificial intelligence company supporting the open source deep learning framework Deeplearning4j and the JVM-based scientific computing library ND4J . The company was founded in 2014 by Adam Gibson and Chris Nicholson , and is headquartered in San Francisco , California . It is privately funded , and raised $ 3 million in seed financing in 2016 . ", "Beati quorum via -LRB- Blessed are those whose way -RRB- , Op. 38 , No. 3 , is a motet for mixed unaccompanied six-part choir by Charles Villiers Stanford , a setting of the first verse of Psalm 119 in Latin . It is the last of Stanford 's Three Latin Motets , published in 1905 . Stanford composed it at the end of the 19th century when he was a teacher at the Royal College of Music in London . Paul J. Rodmell wrote in his review of R. J. Stowe 's book Stanford education : `` his finest unaccompanied motets , such as Beati quorum via , attain neo-Brucknerian sublimity '' , comparing Stanford 's work to that of Hubert Parry and Anton Bruckner . ", "The Los Alamos Laboratory , also known as Project Y , was a secret laboratory established by the Manhattan Project and operated by the University of California during World War II . Its mission was to design and build the first atomic bombs . Robert Oppenheimer was its first director , from 1943 to December 1945 , when he was succeeded by Norris Bradbury . For scientists freely to discuss their work while preserving security , the laboratory was located in a remote part of New Mexico . The wartime laboratory occupied buildings that had once been part of the Los Alamos Ranch School . The development effort initially concentrated on a gun-type fission weapon using plutonium called Thin Man . In April 1944 , the Los Alamos Laboratory determined that the rate of spontaneous fission in plutonium bred in a nuclear reactor was too great due to the presence of plutonium-240 and would cause a predetonation , a nuclear chain reaction before the core was fully assembled . Oppenheimer then reorganized the laboratory and orchestrated an all-out and ultimately successful effort on an alternative design proposed by John von Neumann , an implosion-type nuclear weapon , which was called Fat Man . A variant of the gun-type design known as Little Boy was developed using uranium-235 . Chemists at the Los Alamos Laboratory developed methods of purifying uranium and plutonium , the latter a metal that only existed in microscopic quantities when Project Y began . Its metallurgists found that plutonium had unexpected properties , but were nonetheless able to cast it into metal spheres . The laboratory built the Water Boiler , an aqueous homogeneous reactor , the third reactor in the world to become operational . It also researched the Super , a hydrogen bomb that would use a fission bomb to ignite a nuclear fusion reaction in deuterium and tritium . The Fat Man design was tested in the Trinity nuclear test in July 1945 . Project Y personnel formed pit crews and assembly teams for the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and participated in the bombing as weaponeers and observers . After the war ended , the laboratory supported the Operation Crossroads nuclear tests at Bikini Atoll . A new Z Division was created to control testing , stockpiling and bomb assembly activities , which were concentrated at Sandia Base . The Los Alamos Laboratory became Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory in 1947 . " ]

[ 2, 2, 0, 0, 2 ]

[ "Stanford_prison_experiment", "Thomas_Welton_Stanford", "Skymind", "Beati_quorum_via_-LRB-Stanford-RRB-", "Project_Y" ]

[ "The Stanford prison experiment -LRB- SPE -RRB- was an attempt to investigate the psychological effects of perceived power , focusing on the struggle between prisoners and prison guards . It was conducted at Stanford University on August 14 -- 20 , 1971 , by a research group led by psychology professor Philip Zimbardo using college students . It was funded by the U.S. Office of Naval Research as an investigation into the causes of difficulties between guards and prisoners in the United States Navy and United States Marine Corps . The experiment is a topic covered in most introductory psychology textbooks . Some participants developed their roles as the guards and enforced authoritarian measures and ultimately subjected some prisoners to psychological torture . Many of the prisoners passively accepted psychological abuse and , by the guards ' request , actively harassed other prisoners who tried to stop it . Zimbardo , in his role as the superintendent , allowed abuse to continue . Two of the prisoners left mid-experiment , and the whole exercise was abandoned after six days following the objections of graduate student Christina Maslach , whom Zimbardo was dating -LRB- and later married -RRB- . Certain portions of the experiment were filmed , and excerpts of footage are publicly available . ", "Thomas Welton Stanford -LRB- 1832 - 1918 -RRB- , also known as Welton Stanford , was an American-born Australian businessman , spiritualist and philanthropist , most notably toward Stanford University , which was founded by his older brother Leland Stanford . Although living most of his adult life in Australia , he kept his American citizenship and served intermittently as honorary American vice consul-general in Melbourne . Thomas Welton Stanford was born in 1832 in Albany , New York , the youngest of six sons of Josiah Stanford , a public works contractor , and his wife Elizabeth , née Phillips . He was educated at Troy Conference Academy in Vermont . In 1852 , he left for California , attracted by the California Gold Rush as were all of his brothers . They ran a store in the gold fields for a few years ; by 1858 the brothers were running the largest oil company in the West . In December 1859 , Thomas and his brother DeWitt Stanford moved to Melbourne . In Australia , he became a distributor for Singer sewing machines and rang up record sales , using innovative sales techniques such as time payment . By the time Singer stopped using independent distributors in the 1880s , Stanford was a wealthy man . He became increasingly reclusive after DeWitt 's death and developed a strong interest in spiritualism . He founded the Victorian Association of Progressive Spiritualists , together with W. H. Terry and J. B. Motherwell , and sponsored many séances , becoming known as the `` father of spiritualism in Australia '' . He served on the board of trustees of Stanford University , which had been founded in 1891 as a memorial to Leland and Jane Stanford 's only son Leland Stanford Jr. , almost from its inception until his death . He was also a generous and frequent benefactor to the university . When he received a legacy from his brother Leland 's will , he donated half of it -LRB- $ 300,000 -RRB- to Stanford . He donated his books on Australia and his art collection to the university , and underwrote the construction of a library to house them . The Thomas Welton Stanford Library , built in 1900 , was the university 's main library until the completion of a new main library -LRB- now the Green Library -RRB- in 1919 . His art collection formed the nucleus of the university 's art department , and his contributions built the Thomas Welton Stanford Art Gallery on the campus , which was completed in 1917 and is still the art department 's main gallery . The first Director of the Gallery was Pedro Joseph de Lemos , the former head of the San Francisco Art Institute , who staged during his tenure from 1917 to 1945 a near continuous series of exhibitions focused on important contemporary artists as well as crafts . Many of T. W. Stanford 's donations to the university were earmarked for `` psychical research '' , resulting in the publication of a 640-page volume called Experiments in Psychical Research at Leland Stanford Junior University , published in 1917 . At the insistence of university lawyers , his later donations were earmarked for `` psychical research and related phenomena '' , which was interpreted to mean the entire psychology department ; for several years his grants supplied almost the entire budget for the department . He died August 28 , 1918 , at his home in East Melbourne , and left the bulk of his estate to Stanford University . His papers are housed in the university archives . ", "Skymind is an artificial intelligence company supporting the open source deep learning framework Deeplearning4j and the JVM-based scientific computing library ND4J . The company was founded in 2014 by Adam Gibson and Chris Nicholson , and is headquartered in San Francisco , California . It is privately funded , and raised $ 3 million in seed financing in 2016 . ", "Beati quorum via -LRB- Blessed are those whose way -RRB- , Op. 38 , No. 3 , is a motet for mixed unaccompanied six-part choir by Charles Villiers Stanford , a setting of the first verse of Psalm 119 in Latin . It is the last of Stanford 's Three Latin Motets , published in 1905 . Stanford composed it at the end of the 19th century when he was a teacher at the Royal College of Music in London . Paul J. Rodmell wrote in his review of R. J. Stowe 's book Stanford education : `` his finest unaccompanied motets , such as Beati quorum via , attain neo-Brucknerian sublimity '' , comparing Stanford 's work to that of Hubert Parry and Anton Bruckner . ", "The Los Alamos Laboratory , also known as Project Y , was a secret laboratory established by the Manhattan Project and operated by the University of California during World War II . Its mission was to design and build the first atomic bombs . Robert Oppenheimer was its first director , from 1943 to December 1945 , when he was succeeded by Norris Bradbury . For scientists freely to discuss their work while preserving security , the laboratory was located in a remote part of New Mexico . The wartime laboratory occupied buildings that had once been part of the Los Alamos Ranch School . The development effort initially concentrated on a gun-type fission weapon using plutonium called Thin Man . In April 1944 , the Los Alamos Laboratory determined that the rate of spontaneous fission in plutonium bred in a nuclear reactor was too great due to the presence of plutonium-240 and would cause a predetonation , a nuclear chain reaction before the core was fully assembled . Oppenheimer then reorganized the laboratory and orchestrated an all-out and ultimately successful effort on an alternative design proposed by John von Neumann , an implosion-type nuclear weapon , which was called Fat Man . A variant of the gun-type design known as Little Boy was developed using uranium-235 . Chemists at the Los Alamos Laboratory developed methods of purifying uranium and plutonium , the latter a metal that only existed in microscopic quantities when Project Y began . Its metallurgists found that plutonium had unexpected properties , but were nonetheless able to cast it into metal spheres . The laboratory built the Water Boiler , an aqueous homogeneous reactor , the third reactor in the world to become operational . It also researched the Super , a hydrogen bomb that would use a fission bomb to ignite a nuclear fusion reaction in deuterium and tritium . The Fat Man design was tested in the Trinity nuclear test in July 1945 . Project Y personnel formed pit crews and assembly teams for the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and participated in the bombing as weaponeers and observers . After the war ended , the laboratory supported the Operation Crossroads nuclear tests at Bikini Atoll . A new Z Division was created to control testing , stockpiling and bomb assembly activities , which were concentrated at Sandia Base . The Los Alamos Laboratory became Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory in 1947 . " ]

[ 2, 2, 0, 0, 2 ]

[ "Kaya_Scodelario", "Effy_Stonem", "Primetime_Emmy_Award_for_Outstanding_Actress_in_a_Short_Form_Comedy_or_Drama_Series", "Kalinda_Sharma", "Jan_Pascale" ]

[ "Kaya Scodelario-Davis -LRB- born Kaya Rose Humphrey ; March 13 , 1992 -RRB- is an English actress . She made her acting debut as Effy Stonem on the E4 teen drama Skins -LRB- 2007-2010 -RRB- , for which she received recognition and critical praise , garnering two Golden Nymph Award nominations for Outstanding Actress in a Drama Series and two TV Quick Award nominations for Best Actress . Following her film debut in the science-fiction film Moon -LRB- 2009 -RRB- and a role in the fantasy adventure film Clash of the Titans -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , Scodelario was nominated for the Glamour Award for PANDORA Breakthrough for her portrayal of Catherine Earnshaw in the 2011 film adaptation of Emily Brontë 's novel Wuthering Heights . In 2013 , Scodelario reprised the role of Effy in Skins Fire , and gained the supporting role of Anna Salter in the Channel 4 television drama Southcliffe -LRB- 2013 -RRB- ; she was nominated for both for the UK TV Actress Award at the 2014 GLAMOUR Women of the Year Awards . She gained wider recognition for her starring role as Teresa Agnes in dystopian science-fiction thriller The Maze Runner -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , which garnered her a third Glamour Award nomination for NEXT Breakthrough and a Teen Choice Award nomination for Choice Movie Actress : Action . She reprised the role in Maze Runner : The Scorch Trials -LRB- 2015 -RRB- and will reprise it again in Maze Runner : The Death Cure -LRB- 2018 -RRB- . Scodelario starred as Carina Smyth in Pirates of the Caribbean : Dead Men Tell No Tales , which was released May 26 , 2017 . Since 2015 , Scodelario has been married to American actor Benjamin Walker , with whom she has a son . ", "Elizabeth `` Effy '' Stonem is a fictional character in the television series Skins , played by Kaya Scodelario . She appears in all of the first four series , as well as the seventh series , and appears in the most episodes -LRB- 27 -RRB- . Kaya Scodelario was included in Entertainment Weeklys 2009 `` Summer Must List '' , being named `` Bad Girl '' for her portrayal of Effy . She was included in AfterEllen.com 's Top 50 Favorite Female TV Characters . ", "This is a list of winners and nominees of the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Actress in a Short Form Comedy or Drama Series . These awards , like the guest acting awards , are not presented at the Primetime Emmy Awards show , but rather at the Creative Arts Emmy Award ceremony . ", "Kalinda Sharma is a character from CBS television series The Good Wife , portrayed by Archie Panjabi for the first six seasons of the show 's run . For her performance , Panjabi received three Primetime Emmy Award nominations , winning in 2010 and received one Golden Globe nomination . ", "Jan Pascale is a set decorator who has won an Emmy and has been nominated for an Oscar . She has worked on over 50 different TV shows and films since 1982 . She won her Emmy 2001 for the TV show Boston Public . She was nominated at the 2005 Academy Awards in the category of Best Art Direction . She was nominated for the film Good Night and Good Luck , her nomination was shared with James D. Bissell . " ]

[ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Logie_Awards", "46th_Guldbagge_Awards", "66th_Primetime_Creative_Arts_Emmy_Awards", "2007_Soul_Train_Music_Awards", "20th_Critics'_Choice_Awards" ]

[ "The Logie Awards -LRB- officially the TV Week Logie Awards -RRB- is an annual institution celebrating Australian television , which have been since 1960 . Coined by Graham Kennedy after he won the first Star of the Year award in 1959 , the name Logie awards honours John Logie Baird , who invented television as a practical medium . Awards are given in many categories , but the most widely publicized award is the Gold Logie , which is awarded to the most popular personality on Australian television . The Logies are considered the Australian counterpart to the Emmy Awards in the United States Four Corners , Neighbours , Play School and Home and Away are the only programs that have been inducted collectively into the Logie Hall of Fame . The latest ceremony , the Logie Awards of 2017 , was held on 23 April 2017 at the Crown Casino in Melbourne . ", "The 46th Guldbagge Awards ceremony , presented by the Swedish Film Institute , honored the best Swedish films of 2010 and took place January 24 , 2011 , at Cirkus in Stockholm . During the ceremony , the jury presented Guldbagge Awards -LRB- commonly referred to as Bagge -RRB- in 15 categories . The ceremony was televised in the Sweden by SVT , with actress and comedian Petra Mede hosting the show . Beyond won two awards including Best Director and Best Supporting Actress . Easy Money also won two awards , for Best Actor and Best Cinematography . Sebbe directed by Babak Najafi was presented with the award for Best Film . ", "The 66th Annual Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards ceremony was held on August 16 , 2014 , at the Nokia Theatre in Downtown Los Angeles . The ceremony is in conjunction with the annual Primetime Emmy Awards and is presented in recognition of technical and other similar achievements in American television programming , including guest acting roles . The Academy of Television Arts & Sciences announced that it will implement online voting for its members to select the nominees . Winners for this year were voted on via paper ballots ; online voting to determine the winners will not be used until 2015 . The nominees were announced on July 10 , 2014 . The Governor 's Award and juried award winners in Animation and Costumes for a Variety Series were announced on July 31 , 2014 . Six Interactive Media juried awards were announced on August 13 , 2014 . ", "The 2007 Soul Train Music Awards were held on March 10 , 2007 at the Pasadena Civic Auditorium in Pasadena , California and was hosted by LeToya Luckett and Omarion . The awards ceremony was televised on March 17 and 24 on cable TV . The ceremony included a performance by Jennifer Hudson , Hudson also received the Entertainer of the Year award . Other performers included , were Robin Thicke , LeToya Luckett , Rick Ross and Ronald Isley , also a special tribute to the God Father of Soul , James Brown . ", "The 20th Critics ' Choice Awards was presented on January 15 , 2015 at the Hollywood Palladium , honoring the finest achievements in 2014 filmmaking . It was broadcast on A&E , and hosted by Michael Strahan of Live ! with Kelly and Michael . Nominees for the awards were announced on December 15 , 2014 . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 0 ]

[ "Brown_University", "Pembroke_College_in_Brown_University", "College_Hill_Historic_District_-LRB-Providence,_Rhode_Island-RRB-", "Brown_Bears_men's_lacrosse", "Bridgewater_State_University" ]

[ "Brown University is a private Ivy League research university in Providence , Rhode Island , United States , founded in 1764 as `` The College in the English Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations . '' Brown is the seventh-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and one of the nine Colonial Colleges established before the American Revolution . At its foundation , Brown was the first college in the United States to accept students regardless of their religious affiliation . Its engineering program was established in 1847 and was the first in the Ivy League . It was one of the early doctoral-granting U.S. institutions in the late 19th century , adding master and doctoral studies in 1887 . Brown 's New Curriculum is sometimes referred to in education theory as the Brown Curriculum and was adopted by faculty vote in 1969 after a period of student lobbying . The New Curriculum eliminated mandatory `` general education '' distribution requirements , made students `` the architects of their own syllabus , '' and allowed them to take any course for a grade of satisfactory or unrecorded no-credit . In 1971 , Brown 's coordinate women 's institution Pembroke College was fully merged into the university . Pembroke Campus now operates as a place for dorms and classrooms . Undergraduate admissions is very selective , with an acceptance rate of 8.3 percent for the class of 2021 , according to the university . The University comprises The College , the Graduate School , Alpert Medical School , the School of Engineering , the School of Public Health , and the School of Professional Studies -LRB- which includes the IE Brown Executive MBA program -RRB- . Brown 's international programs are organized through the Watson Institute for International and Public Affairs , and the university is academically affiliated with the Marine Biological Laboratory and the Rhode Island School of Design . The Brown/RISD Dual Degree Program , offered in conjunction with the Rhode Island School of Design , is a five-year course that awards degrees from both institutions . Brown 's main campus is located in the College Hill Historic District in the city of Providence , the third largest city in New England . The University 's neighborhood is a federally listed architectural district with a dense concentration of Colonial-era buildings . On the western edge of the campus , Benefit Street contains `` one of the finest cohesive collections of restored seventeenth - and eighteenth-century architecture in the United States '' . Brown 's faculty and alumni include eight Nobel Prize laureates , five National Humanities Medalists , and ten National Medal of Science laureates . Other notable alumni include eight billionaire graduates , a U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice , four U.S. Secretaries of State and other Cabinet officials , 54 members of the United States Congress , 55 Rhodes Scholars , 48 Marshall Scholars , 14 MacArthur Genius Fellows , 19 Pulitzer Prize winners , members of royal families , as well as leaders and founders of major companies . ", "Pembroke College in Brown University was the coordinate women 's college for Brown University in Providence , Rhode Island . It was founded in 1891 and merged into Brown in 1971 . ", "The College Hill Historic District is located on the East Side of Providence , Rhode Island , United States . It was designated a National Historic Landmark District on December 30 , 1970 . The College Hill local historic district , established in 1960 -LRB- and expanded in 1990 -RRB- , partially overlaps the national landmark district . Properties within the local historic district are regulated by the city 's historic district zoning ordinance , and can not be altered without approval from the Providence Historic District Commission . ", "The Brown Bears men 's lacrosse team represents Brown University in the National Collegiate Athletic Association -LRB- NCAA -RRB- Division I men 's lacrosse . Brown competes in the Ivy League and plays its home games at Meister-Kavan Field and Stevenson Field in Providence , Rhode Island . ", "Bridgewater State University is a public liberal-arts college located in Bridgewater , Massachusetts , United States . It is the largest college in the Massachusetts state university system outside the University of Massachusetts system . The university consists of the main campus located in Bridgewater , and two satellite campuses ; one in Attleboro , and one on Cape Cod , which opened in January 2015 . The school 's sports teams are the Bears , and the school colors are crimson red , black and white . " ]

[ 0, 0, 2, 0, 0 ]

[ "South_Island", "Rock_Island", "North_Broughton_Island", "Island", "Brother_Island,_Niagara_River" ]

[ "The South Island or Te Waipounamu -LRB- Māori -RRB- is the larger of the two major islands of New Zealand , the other being the smaller but more populous North Island . It is bordered to the north by Cook Strait , to the west by the Tasman Sea , and to the south and east by the Pacific Ocean . The South Island covers 150437 km2 and has a temperate climate . It has a 32 percent larger landmass than the North Island so is sometimes referred to as the `` mainland '' of New Zealand , especially by South Island residents , but only 23 percent of New Zealand 's million inhabitants live there . In the early stages of European -LRB- Pākehā -RRB- settlement of the country , the South Island had the majority of the European population and wealth due to the 1860s gold rushes . The North Island population overtook the South in the early 20th century , with 56 percent of the population living in the North in 1911 , and the drift north of people and businesses continued throughout the century . In prose , the two main islands of New Zealand are called the North Island and the South Island , with the definite article . ", "Rock Island may refer to : ", "North Broughton Island is an island in the Broughton Archipelago , located as its name suggests to the north of Broughton Island in the Queen Charlotte Strait region of the Central Coast of British Columbia , Canada . Broughton Point is on the south coast of the island , facing Broughton Island at ", "An island or isle is any piece of sub-continental land that is surrounded by water . Very small islands such as emergent land features on atolls can be called islets , skerries , cays or keys . An island in a river or a lake island may be called an eyot or ait , and a small island off the coast may be called a holm . A grouping of geographically or geologically related islands is called an archipelago , e.g. the Philippines . An island may be described as such , despite the presence of an artificial land bridge ; examples are Singapore and its causeway , and the various Dutch delta islands , such as IJsselmonde . Some places may even retain `` island '' in their names for historical reasons after being connected to a larger landmass by a land bridge or landfill , such as Coney Island and Coronado Island , though these are strictly tied islands . Conversely , when a piece of land is separated from the mainland by a man-made canal , for example the Peloponnese by the Corinth Canal or Marble Hill in northern Manhattan during the time between the building of the United States Ship Canal and the filling-in of the Harlem River which surrounded the area , it is generally not considered an island . There are two main types of islands in the sea : continental and oceanic . There are also artificial islands . ", "Brother Island is a small , uninhabited island off the coast of Goat Island in the U.S. state of New York . It lies in the Niagara River , close to the Horseshoe Falls and the Three Sisters Islands . It is part of the city of Niagara Falls . It is one of only five islands in the area surrounding the Horseshoe Falls which have not been claimed by Canada . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Jack_Dylan_Grazer", "Jack_Taylor_-LRB-musician-RRB-", "Jack_Dangers", "Jack_Souther", "Peter_Mortimer_-LRB-filmmaker-RRB-" ]

[ "Jack Dylan Grazer -LRB- born September 3 , 2003 -RRB- is an American child actor and was born in Los Angeles , California to parents Angela Lafever and Gavin Grazer . His role as Eddie Kaspbrak in Stephen King 's feature film It marks Grazer 's first studio picture . ", "Jack Taylor -LRB- 1965 -- 1997 -RRB- was an American musician and member of several popular bands . He was born Richard Violet in Urbana , Ohio . In his early twenties he played guitar with The Gibson Bros and went on to form the Columbus , Ohio , avant-garde noise band Monster Truck Five . Late in his career he fronted , with Jeffrey Evans , the Memphis rock n roll act the '68 Comeback and appeared in , and provided the title song for , the John Michael McCarthy film The Sore Losers . He died in 1997 of an overdose . ", "Jack Dangers -LRB- born John Stephen Corrigan -RRB- is an electronic musician , DJ , producer , and remixer best known for his work as the primary member of Meat Beat Manifesto . He lives in San Francisco . ", "Jack Gordon Souther -LRB- April 25 , 1924 -- June 1 , 2014 -RRB- was an American-born Canadian geologist , volcanologist , professor and engineer . He contributed significantly to the early understanding of recent volcanic activity in the Canadian Cordillera . Many of his publications continue to be regarded as classics in their field , even now several decades after they were written . ", "Peter Mortimer -LRB- born January 28 , 1974 -RRB- is an American filmmaker from Colorado . He has produced and directed multiple films related to rock climbing , mountaineering , and outdoor adventure under the production group Sender Films . Mortimer was born in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . He attended Colorado College graduating with honors in geology . He later attended the University of Southern California School of Cinema and Television , receiving his MFA in film . His productions have won numerous film festival awards , a Sports Emmy , and a nomination for News and Documentary Emmy : Outstanding Graphic Design & Art Direction . Peter is also co-founder , along with Josh Lowell of Big UP Productions , of the REEL ROCK Film Tour , coming up on in its 10th year and showing in over 415 locations across the world . " ]

[ 2, 1, 0, 1, 1 ]

[ "Jack_Dylan_Grazer", "Jack_Taylor_-LRB-musician-RRB-", "Jack_Dangers", "Jack_Souther", "Peter_Mortimer_-LRB-filmmaker-RRB-" ]

[ "Jack Dylan Grazer -LRB- born September 3 , 2003 -RRB- is an American child actor and was born in Los Angeles , California to parents Angela Lafever and Gavin Grazer . His role as Eddie Kaspbrak in Stephen King 's feature film It marks Grazer 's first studio picture . ", "Jack Taylor -LRB- 1965 -- 1997 -RRB- was an American musician and member of several popular bands . He was born Richard Violet in Urbana , Ohio . In his early twenties he played guitar with The Gibson Bros and went on to form the Columbus , Ohio , avant-garde noise band Monster Truck Five . Late in his career he fronted , with Jeffrey Evans , the Memphis rock n roll act the '68 Comeback and appeared in , and provided the title song for , the John Michael McCarthy film The Sore Losers . He died in 1997 of an overdose . ", "Jack Dangers -LRB- born John Stephen Corrigan -RRB- is an electronic musician , DJ , producer , and remixer best known for his work as the primary member of Meat Beat Manifesto . He lives in San Francisco . ", "Jack Gordon Souther -LRB- April 25 , 1924 -- June 1 , 2014 -RRB- was an American-born Canadian geologist , volcanologist , professor and engineer . He contributed significantly to the early understanding of recent volcanic activity in the Canadian Cordillera . Many of his publications continue to be regarded as classics in their field , even now several decades after they were written . ", "Peter Mortimer -LRB- born January 28 , 1974 -RRB- is an American filmmaker from Colorado . He has produced and directed multiple films related to rock climbing , mountaineering , and outdoor adventure under the production group Sender Films . Mortimer was born in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . He attended Colorado College graduating with honors in geology . He later attended the University of Southern California School of Cinema and Television , receiving his MFA in film . His productions have won numerous film festival awards , a Sports Emmy , and a nomination for News and Documentary Emmy : Outstanding Graphic Design & Art Direction . Peter is also co-founder , along with Josh Lowell of Big UP Productions , of the REEL ROCK Film Tour , coming up on in its 10th year and showing in over 415 locations across the world . " ]

[ 2, 1, 0, 1, 1 ]

[ "Boxing_Helena", "Kindrick_Legion_Field", "Lyndsay_Belisle", "Battle_of_Helena_-LRB-disambiguation-RRB-", "Deirdre_Gogarty" ]

[ "Boxing Helena is a 1993 American romantic mystery thriller film with horror elements directed by Jennifer Lynch , and starring Sherilyn Fenn , Julian Sands , and Bill Paxton . The plot follows a surgeon whose growing obsession with a woman leads him to amputate her limbs and hold her captive in his home after she suffers a car accident . The film garnered notoriety prior to its release after protracted legal battles with Madonna and Kim Basinger , both of whom backed out of the leading role of Helena . It debuted at the Sundance Film Festival in January 1993 , where it received critical praise . After receiving an NC-17 rating by the MPAA , the film was given an R-rating on appeal and released in the United States in September 1993 , but received critical backlash and was a financial failure . ", "Kindrick Legion Field is a baseball park located in Helena , Montana which serves as the home field of the Helena Brewers minor league baseball team , and the three American Legion teams , the Senators , Reps , and Independents . It was built in 1932 and holds 2,100 people . Formerly called Legion Park , and later Memorial Park Field , the name of the ballpark was changed in the mid-1970s to Kindrick Legion Field in honor of longtime American Legion supporter Ace Kindrick . ", "Lyndsay Belisle -LRB- born October 1 , 1977 in Hazelton , British Columbia -RRB- is a retired amateur Canadian freestyle wrestler , who competed in the women 's flyweight category . Considering one of the world 's top female freestyle wrestlers in her decade , Belisle has claimed two silver medals each in the 48 and 51-kg division at the 2003 Pan American Games in Santo Domingo , Dominican Republic , and at the 2006 World Wrestling Championships in Guangzhou , China , and seized an opportunity to compete for Canada at the 2004 Summer Olympics . Throughout her sporting career , Belisle trained full-time for the Burnaby Mountain Wrestling Club in Burnaby , British Columbia under her personal coach Mike Jones . Belisle made sporting headlines at the 2003 Pan American Games in Santo Domingo , Dominican Republic , where she captured a silver medal in the women 's 48-kg division , losing to U.S. wrestler Patricia Miranda by a powerful pin . When women 's wrestling made its debut at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , Belisle qualified for the Canadian squad in the inaugural 48 kg class . Earlier in the process , she outclassed Mongolia 's Tsogtbazaryn Enkhjargal to snatch both the trophy and ticket from the Olympic Qualification Tournament in Madrid , Spain . She lost two straight matches each to Japan 's Chiharu Icho on technical superiority , and Germany 's Brigitte Wagner by a formidable 4 -- 3 verdict , leaving her on the bottom of the prelim pool and placing eleventh in the final standings . At the 2006 World Wrestling Championships in Guangzhou , China , Belisle grappled her way at three kilograms heavier to pick up a silver medal in the final match against Japan 's Hitomi Sakamoto in the 51-kg division . ", "The Battle of Helena was an American Civil War battle in 1863 . Battle of Helena may also refer to several conflicts : Battle of Lena -LRB- 1208 -RRB- Battle of Helena -LRB- 1863 -RRB- Battle of Elena -LRB- 1877 -RRB- ", "Deirdre Gogarty -LRB- born November 10 , 1969 -RRB- is a retired Irish female boxer and current coach of the Ragin ' Cajun Boxing Club who hails from Drogheda , Ireland . Due to legal issues regarding Women 's Boxing in Ireland at the time , Gogarty could not engage in competition there . She currently fights out of Lafayette , Louisiana and is managed and trained by Beau Williford . However , before the law was passed in Ireland , preventing women from engaging in boxing events , Gogarty was able to begin her career there with a six-round decision win against Anne-Marie Griffin . The law preventing females from participating in the sport of boxing in Ireland has since been revoked and there is an increasing number of females becoming involved with the sport thanks to its Olympic acceptance and the consistent international success of Katie Taylor . After leaving Ireland , Gogarty 's next three fights took her to London and Kansas City , Missouri . In London , she defeated Jane Johnson twice , by a four-round knockout and by and eight-round decision . In Kansas City , she drew after six rounds with Stacy Prestage After the rematch with Johnson , she obtained her first knockout in the first round , beating Jane McGhee . Another win followed this and she was matched with Prestage again , resulting in another draw after six rounds . Following the emerging pattern , another win followed this tie and she was matched against Prestage for a rubber match . However , this time Gogarty suffered her first loss when Prestage won a ten-round decision over her . Two more wins followed this defeat , including a six-round knockout of the top contender Carol Brown and a first-round knockout win over Missy Buchanan . In spite of this winning streak , Gogarty next lost a six-round decision when she faced Mary Ann Almager . Gogarty followed this defeat with a win , after which she was matched with Isra Girgrah , who Gogarty knocked out in three rounds . This is considered her biggest win to date . She ten boxed another of Female Boxing 's top competitors when she faced Laura Serrano , who beat Gogarty by a knockout in round seven . A knockout win in the first round followed this defeat , when she fought Jessica Breitfelder . Gogarty then participated in the fight many credit as putting Female Boxing on the sports ' fan page : she and Christy Martin faced each other in a six-round match that was televised by Showtime . This fight made the covers of many magazines . Many fans of Women 's Boxing considered it the female version of the Thrilla in Manila . Martin won by a six-round decision . Gogarty succeeded in winning another three fights consecutively before she challenged Bonnie Canino for the Women 's International Boxing Federation 's Women 's World Featherweight Champtionship . Gogarty became a World Champion after winning the fight on a ten-round decision . She defended her title against Monique Strohman and Debra Strohman . Both were defeated in first-round knockouts . In her last fight to date , Gogarty lost her title to Beverly Szymanski on a ten-round decision . Gogarty co-wrote her memoir , My Call to the Ring : A Memoir of a Girl Who Yearns to Box , with Darrelyn Saloom . The book was published by Glasnevin Publishing on August 8 , 2012 . The next day , Katie Taylor won a gold medal for Ireland in the 2012 Summer Olympics , which included women 's boxing for the first time . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Hammer_Film_Productions", "We_Buy_a_Hammer_for_Daddy", "List_of_British_films_of_2004", "Legacy_of_Kings", "The_Skin_I'm_In_-LRB-film-RRB-" ]

[ "Hammer Film Productions is a British film production company based in London . Founded in 1934 , the company is best known for a series of Gothic `` Hammer Horror '' films made from the mid-1950s until the 1970s . Hammer also produced science fiction , thrillers , film noir and comedies -- and , in later years , television series . During its most successful years , Hammer dominated the horror film market , enjoying worldwide distribution and considerable financial success . This success was due , in part , to distribution partnerships with major United States studios , such as Warner Bros. . During the late 1960s and 1970s the saturation of the horror film market by competitors and the loss of American funding forced changes to the previously lucrative Hammer formula , with varying degrees of success . The company eventually ceased production in the mid-1980s . In 2000 , the studio was bought by a consortium including advertising executive and art collector Charles Saatchi and publishing millionaires Neil Mendoza and William Sieghart . The company announced plans to begin making films again after this , but none were produced . In May 2007 , the company was sold again , this time to a consortium headed by Dutch media tycoon John de Mol , who announced plans to spend some $ 50m -LRB- # 25m -RRB- on new horror films . The new owners also acquired the Hammer group 's film library , consisting of 295 movies . Simon Oakes , who took over as CEO of Hammer , said : `` Hammer is a great British brand -- we intend to take it back into production and develop its global potential . The brand is still alive but no one has invested in it for a long time '' . Since then it has produced several films , including Let Me In -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , The Resident -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , The Woman in Black -LRB- 2012 -RRB- and The Quiet Ones -LRB- 2014 -RRB- . ", "We Buy a Hammer for Daddy is the debut studio album by English experimental rock band Lemon Kittens . It was released in 1980 , through record label United Diaries . ", "A list of British films released in 2004 : ", "Legacy of Kings is the second album created by the Swedish metal band HammerFall . It was released on September 28 , 1998 , by Nuclear Blast Records.The enhanced CD release includes the music video for the track `` Let the Hammer Fall '' , a photo gallery , lyrics for the songs , PC wallpapers , a screensaver , and a Winamp skin only on the Bonus Deluxe Edition . The cover art for this album was painted by Andreas Marschall . ", "The Skin I 'm In is a 2012 autobiographical documentary film that was produced , directed , shot , and edited by American filmmaker , scholar , and professor Broderick Fox . The film had its world premiere at the 2012 Byron Bay Film Festival and had its United States premiere at the Arizona International Film Festival , where it was awarded a Special Jury Award for Best Personal Filmmaking . The Skin I 'm In will be released for stream and download on October 1 , 2013 through The Orchard . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Guthrie_Theater", "Ralph_Rapson", "Oklahoma_Shakespeare_in_the_Park", "New_Amsterdam_Theatre", "Manila_Film_Center" ]

[ "The Guthrie Theater , founded in 1963 , is a center for theater performance , production , education , and professional training in Minneapolis , Minnesota . The concept of the theater was born in 1959 in a series of discussions between Sir Tyrone Guthrie , Oliver Rea and Peter Zeisler . Disenchanted with Broadway , they intended to form a theater with a resident acting company , to perform classic plays in rotating repertory , while maintaining the highest professional standards . The Guthrie Theater has performed in two main-stage facilities . The first building was designed by Ralph Rapson , included a 1,441-seat thrust stage designed by Tanya Moiseiwitsch , and was operated from 1963 -- 2006 . After closing its 2005 -- 2006 season , the theater moved to its current facility designed by Jean Nouvel . In 1982 , the theater won the Regional Theatre Tony Award . ", "Ralph Rapson -LRB- September 13 , 1914 -- March 29 , 2008 -RRB- was the head of architecture at the University of Minnesota for many years . He was one of the world 's oldest practicing architects at his death at age 93 , and also one of the most prolific . ", "Oklahoma Shakespeare in the Park -LRB- OSP -RRB- was founded in 1985 in Edmond , Oklahoma , USA by current Executive Director and Artistic Director Kathryn McGill -LRB- née Huey -RRB- and Jack J. O'Meara . With two different performing venues , the organization is dedicated to excellence in producing an eclectic range of classic plays to the entire Oklahoma City metro area and beyond . Oklahoma Shakespeare in the Park is a non-profit organization overseen by a Board of Directors . Jason Foreman serves as Board President . Jon Haque serves as Managing Director , Michelle Swink as PR/Marketing Associate , and Norman H. Hammon serves as Development Director . In 2007 , it relocated to downtown Oklahoma City . ", "The New Amsterdam Theatre is a Broadway theatre located at 214 West 42nd Street between Seventh and Eighth Avenues in the Theater District of Manhattan , New York City , off of Times Square . It was built in 1902 -- 1903 and was designed by the architecture firm of Henry Hertz and Hugh Tallant ; the Roof Garden , where more risqué productions were presented , and which no longer exists , was added in 1904 , designed by the same firm . The remainder of the building was utilized for offices . From 1913 to 1927 , the theatre was the home of the Ziegfeld Follies , whose producer , Florenz Ziegfeld , Jr. , maintained an office in the building , and operated a nightclub on the roof . George White 's Scandals and Eva LeGallienne 's Civic Repertory Theatre were subsequent tenants . It was used as a movie theatre beginning in 1937 , closed in 1985 , and was leased by The Walt Disney Company and renovated by Hardy Holzman Pfeiffer in 1995 -- 97 to be the flagship for Disney Theatrical Productions presentations on Broadway . Both the Beaux-Arts exterior and the Art Nouveau interior of the building are New York City landmarks , having been designated in 1979 . In addition , the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980 . Along with the Hudson and Lyceum Theatres , also built in 1903 , the New Amsterdam is one of the oldest surviving Broadway venues . ", "The Manila Film Center is a national building located at the southwest end of the Cultural Center of the Philippines Complex in Pasay , Philippines . The structure was designed by architect Froilan Hong where its edifice is supported on more than nine hundred piles which reaches to the bed-rock about 120 feet below . The Manila Film Center served as the main theater for the First Manila International Film Festival -LRB- MIFF -RRB- January 18 -- 29 , 1982 . The building has also been the subject of controversies due to an accident that happened during the final stages of its construction in 1981 . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 0 ]

[ "Commodore_-LRB-rank-RRB-", "Commodore_16", "Rear_admiral", "Master_of_the_fleet", "Commodore_CBM-II" ]

[ "Commodore is a naval rank used in many navies that is superior to a navy captain , but below a rear admiral . Non-English-speaking nations often use the rank of flotilla admiral or counter admiral or senior captain as an equivalent , although counter admiral may also correspond to rear admiral . Traditionally , `` commodore '' is the title for any officer assigned to command more than one ship at a time , even temporarily , much as `` captain '' is the traditional title for the commanding officer of a single ship even if the officer 's official title in the service is a lower rank . As an official rank , a commodore typically commands a flotilla or squadron of ships as part of a larger task force or naval fleet commanded by an admiral . A commodore 's ship is typically designated by the flying of a Broad pennant , as opposed to an admiral 's flag . It is often regarded as a one-star rank with a NATO code of OF-6 -LRB- which is known in the U.S. as `` rear admiral -LRB- lower half -RRB- '' -RRB- , but whether it is regarded as a flag rank varies between countries . It is sometimes abbreviated : as `` Cdre '' in British Royal Navy , `` CDRE '' in the US Navy , `` Cmdre '' in the Royal Canadian Navy , `` COMO '' in the Spanish Navy and in some navies speaking the Spanish language , or `` CMDE '' as used in the Indian Navy or in some other Navies . ", "The Commodore 16 is a home computer made by Commodore International with a 6502-compatible 7501 or 8501 CPU , released in 1984 and intended to be an entry-level computer to replace the VIC-20 . A cost-reduced version , the Commodore 116 , was sold only in Europe . The C16 and C116 belong to the same family as the higher-end Plus/4 and are internally very similar to it -LRB- albeit with less RAM - 16 rather than 64 KB - and lacking the Plus/4 's user port and integrated office suite -RRB- . As a result , software is generally compatible among all three provided it can fit within the C16 's smaller RAM and does not utilize the user port on the Plus/4 . While the C16 was a failure on the US market , it enjoyed some success in certain European countries and in Mexico . ", "Rear admiral is a naval commissioned officer rank above that of a commodore and captain , and below that of a vice admiral . It is generally regarded as the lowest of the `` admiral '' ranks , which are also sometimes referred to as `` flag officers '' or `` flag ranks '' . In many navies it is referred to as a two-star rank -LRB- OF-7 -RRB- . It originated from the days of naval sailing squadrons and can trace its origins to the Royal Navy . Each naval squadron would be assigned an admiral as its head , who would command from the centre vessel and direct the activities of the squadron . The admiral would in turn be assisted by a vice admiral , who commanded the lead ships which would bear the brunt of a naval battle . In the rear of the naval squadron , a third admiral would command the remaining ships and , as this section of the squadron was considered to be in the least danger , the admiral in command of the rear would typically be the most junior of the squadron admirals . This has survived into the modern age , with the rank of rear admiral the most-junior of the admiralty ranks of many navies . In some European navies -LRB- e.g. , that of France -RRB- , and in the Canadian Forces ' French rank translations , the rank of rear admiral is known as contre-amiral . In the German Navy the rank is known as Konteradmiral , superior to the flotilla admiral -LRB- Commodore in other navies -RRB- . In the Royal Netherlands Navy , this rank is known as schout-bij-nacht -LRB- lit. : supervisor during night -RRB- , denoting the role junior to the squadron admiral , and fleet admiral . ", "In the Royal Navy , the rank of master of the fleet denoted the sailing master of a fleet flagship , or the senior sailing master in a fleet . Examples include John Bowen -LRB- master of the fleet during the Glorious First of June 1794 -RRB- , Ian Hogg , and John H. D. Cunningham . By 1814 , the title granted the master extra pay . By 1832 , the masters of the fleet were given the equivalent rank and uniform of commanders . By 1843 , masters were appointed by commission not warrant . By 1864 , the title was changed to `` staff captain '' and ranked after the regular rank of captain , while masters who had served at least 15 years were given the new rank of `` staff commander '' and ranked after commander . During the First World War the title was revived for the Grand Fleet 's senior Navigation Officer . The title has been used outside the Royal Navy , such as in Ultramarines and other science fiction , and for the captain of the Belle of Louisville . ", "The Commodore CBM-II series is a short-lived range of 8-bit personal computers from Commodore Business Machines -LRB- CBM -RRB- , released in 1982 and intended as a follow-on to the Commodore PET series . " ]

[ 2, 0, 2, 0, 0 ]

[ "Issa_Rae", "Awkward_Black_Girl", "Rina_Aiuchi", "Iron_Realms_Entertainment", "Immi" ]

[ "Jo-Issa `` Issa '' Rae Diop -LRB- born January 12 , 1985 -RRB- is an American actress , writer , director , producer and web series creator . She is best known as the creator of the YouTube web series Awkward Black Girl . Since the premiere of Awkward Black Girl , Rae has developed her own YouTube platform where she features various content created by people of color . Rae 's shows have garnered over 20 million views and over 260,000 subscribers on YouTube . As of 2017 , Rae is the creator , co-writer and star of the HBO series Insecure , which is partially based on Awkward Black Girl . '' ", "The Mis-Adventures of Awkward Black Girl -LRB- often simply referred to as Awkward Black Girl -RRB- is an American comedy web series created by and starring Issa Rae . It premiered on a dedicated YouTube on February 3 , 2011 . The show follows the life of J as she interacts with co-workers and love interests who place her in uncomfortable situations . The story is told through first-person narrative as J usually reveals how she feels about her circumstances through voice-over or dream sequence . The series received critical acclaim and won a Shorty Award for Best Web Series in 2012 . ", "is a Japanese pop singer and songwriter . She wrote her own lyrics to her songs and self-produced in the last few years before retirement . She was previously affiliated with the Giza Studio recording label . In 2016 , she announced that after six years of retirement , she would be returning to the music industry . ", "Iron Realms Entertainment -LRB- formerly known as Achaea LLC -RRB- is a computer game development company that has created the MUDs Achaea , Dreams of Divine Lands ; Aetolia , The Midnight Age ; Imperian , the Sundered Heavens ; Lusternia , Age of Ascension ; and Midkemia Online . Matt Mihaly is its founder and CEO and Jeremy Saunders is its President . ", "Mayu Nakazawa -LRB- 中澤真由 Nakazawa Mayu -RRB- , known by the stage name immi , is a Japanese Electronica singer and songwriter . She is signed onto DefStar Records . While she writes and composes her own music , she is also regularly produced by N.A.i.D. and JETBIKINI . " ]

[ 2, 2, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Charles_Howard_Hinton", "Hinton_Rowan_Helper", "Hawkes_Harbor", "Barbara_Mertz", "Charles_Anthony_Swainson" ]

[ "Charles Howard Hinton -LRB- 1853 , United Kingdom -- 30 April 1907 , Washington D.C. , United States -RRB- was a British mathematician and writer of science fiction works titled Scientific Romances . He was interested in higher dimensions , particularly the fourth dimension . He is known for coining the word `` tesseract '' and for his work on methods of visualising the geometry of higher dimensions . ", "Hinton Rowan Helper -LRB- December 27 , 1829 -- March 9 , 1909 -RRB- was an American Southern critic of slavery during the 1850s . In 1857 , he published a book which he dedicated to the `` nonslaveholding whites '' of the South . The Impending Crisis of the South , written partly in North Carolina but published when the author was in the North , argued that slavery hurt the economic prospects of non-slaveholders , and was an impediment to the growth of the entire region of the South . Anger over his book due to the belief he was acting as an agent of the North attempting to split Southerners along class lines led to Southern denunciations of ` Helperism ' . ", "Hawkes Harbor -LRB- ISBN 0-7653-0563-1 -RRB- is a 2004 novel written by S. E. Hinton . Hinton wrote for an adult audience , though it retains the style for which she is known . ", "Barbara Louise Mertz -LRB- September 29 , 1927 -- August 8 , 2013 -RRB- was an American author who wrote under her own name as well as under the pseudonyms Elizabeth Peters and Barbara Michaels . In 1952 she received a PhD in Egyptology from the University of Chicago . While she was best known for her mystery and suspense novels , in the 1960s she authored two books on ancient Egypt , both of which have remained in print ever since . ", "Charles Anthony Swainson -LRB- 1820 -- 1887 -RRB- was an English theologian , Norrisian and subsequently Lady Margaret 's Professor of Divinity , Master of Christ 's College , Cambridge and a canon of Chichester . His published works deal mainly with the Eastern Liturgies and the Creeds . " ]

[ 1, 1, 0, 1, 0 ]

[ "Menace_II_Society", "The_Toxic_Avenger_-LRB-film-RRB-", "Nemesis_-LRB-Roth_novel-RRB-", "Resident_Evil_Outbreak", "I_Am_Legend_-LRB-film-RRB-" ]

[ "Menace II Society -LRB- pronounced Menace to Society -RRB- is a 1993 American hood drama thriller film directed by Allen and Albert Hughes in their directorial debut , and starring Tyrin Turner , Jada Pinkett , Larenz Tate and Samuel L. Jackson . The film is set in the 1990s South Central Los Angeles , California . The film follows the life of a young man named Kaydee `` Caine '' Lawson and his close friends . It gained notoriety for its scenes of violence , profanity , and drug-related content . It was released in May 1993 to critical acclaim for its gritty portrayal of urban violence and its powerful underlying messages . ", "The Toxic Avenger is a 1984 American superhero comedy horror film directed by Michael Herz and Lloyd Kaufman -LRB- credited as Samuel Weil -RRB- and written by Kaufman and Joe Ritter . The film was released by Troma Entertainment , known for producing low budget B-movies with campy concepts and gruesome violence . Virtually ignored upon its first release , The Toxic Avenger caught on with filmgoers after a long and successful midnight movie engagement at the famed Bleecker Street Cinemas in New York City in late 1985 . It now is regarded as a cult classic . The film has generated three film sequels , a stage musical production and a children 's TV cartoon . Two less successful sequels , The Toxic Avenger Part II and The Toxic Avenger Part III : The Last Temptation of Toxie , were filmed as one . Director Lloyd Kaufman realized that he had shot far too much footage for one film and re-edited it into two . A third independent sequel was also released , titled Citizen Toxie : The Toxic Avenger IV . A fourth sequel entitled The Toxic Avenger 5 : Toxic Twins is planned for a future release . An animated children 's TV series spin-off , Toxic Crusaders , featured Toxie as the leader of a team of mutated superheroes who fought against evil alien polluters . The cartoon series was short-lived and quickly cancelled . New Line Cinema had planned a live-action film based on the cartoon , but the deal fell through . ", "Nemesis is a novel by Philip Roth published on 5 October 2010 , by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt . It is Roth 's 31st book , `` a work of fiction set in the summer of 1944 that tells of a polio epidemic and its effects on a closely knit Newark community and its children . '' In 2012 , Philip Roth told an interviewer that Nemesis would be his last novel . ", "Resident Evil Outbreak , known as in Japan , is a survival horror video game with online playability for the PlayStation 2 . Initially released in 2003 , it was developed by Capcom Production Studio 1 and was the first entry in the Resident Evil video game series to feature cooperative gameplay and online multiplayer support , although online support was not available for the PAL versions of the game . Outbreak was produced by Tsuyoshi Tanaka , and depicts a series of episodic story lines in the fictional location Raccoon City . It was set during the same general time period as Resident Evil 2 and Resident Evil 3 : Nemesis . Outbreak was followed by a standalone expansion entitled Resident Evil Outbreak File # 2 . ", "I Am Legend is a 2007 American post-apocalyptic horror film based on the novel of the same name , directed by Francis Lawrence and starring Will Smith , who plays US Army virologist Robert Neville . The story is set in New York City after a virus , which was originally created to cure cancer , has wiped out most of mankind , leaving Neville as the last human in New York , other than nocturnal mutants . Neville is immune to the virus and he works to develop a cure while defending himself against the hostile mutants . Warner Bros. began developing I Am Legend in 1994 , and various actors and directors were attached to the project , though production was delayed due to budgetary concerns related to the script . Production began in 2006 in New York City , filming mainly on location in the city , including a $ 5 million scene at the Brooklyn Bridge . It is the third feature-film adaptation of Richard Matheson 's 1954 I Am Legend novel , following 1964 's The Last Man on Earth and 1971 's The Omega Man . I Am Legend was released on December 14 , 2007 , in the United States and Canada , and opened to the largest ever box office -LRB- not adjusted for inflation -RRB- for a non-Christmas film released in the U.S. in December . The film was the seventh-highest grossing film of 2007 , earning $ 256 million domestically and $ 329 million internationally , for a total of $ 585 million . " ]

[ 1, 1, 0, 0, 1 ]

[ "John_Frusciante", "Zucchero_Fornaciari_discography", "Then_Again_-LRB-John_Farnham_album-RRB-", "Unreleased_-LRB-Andre_Nickatina_album-RRB-", "Planet_Roll_Call" ]

[ "John Anthony Frusciante -LRB- -LSB- fruːˈʃɑːnteɪ -RSB- born March 5 , 1970 -RRB- is an American guitarist , singer , producer and composer . He is best known as the former guitarist of the rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers , from 1988 until 1992 , and again from 1998 until 2009 . He recorded five studio albums with them . Frusciante has an active solo career , having released eleven solo albums and five EPs ; his recordings include elements ranging from experimental rock and ambient music to new wave and electronica . In 2015 , Frusciante released his debut acid house album under his alias , Trickfinger . He has also recorded with numerous other artists , including The Mars Volta , for whom he was a studio guitarist -LRB- and occasional live performer -RRB- from 2002 until 2008 ; Josh Klinghoffer and Joe Lally , with whom he released two albums as Ataxia ; and various collaborations with both Klinghoffer and Omar Rodríguez-López . He has also produced and/or recorded with Duran Duran , Wu-Tang Clan , The Mars Volta and Omar Rodriguez Lopez , Swahili Blonde , Black Knights , The Bicycle Thief , Glenn Hughes , Ziggy Marley , Johnny Cash , George Clinton , Johnny Marr and others . At the age of eighteen , he joined the Red Hot Chili Peppers , first appearing on the band 's 1989 album , Mother 's Milk . The group 's follow-up album , Blood Sugar Sex Magik -LRB- 1991 -RRB- , was a breakthrough success . Frusciante became overwhelmed by the band 's new popularity and quit in 1992 . He became a recluse and entered a long period of drug addiction , during which he released his first solo recordings : Niandra Lades and Usually Just a T-Shirt -LRB- 1994 -RRB- and Smile from the Streets You Hold -LRB- 1997 -RRB- . In 1998 , he successfully completed drug rehabilitation and rejoined the Red Hot Chili Peppers . Their next album , Californication -LRB- 1999 -RRB- would eventually go on to sell 16 million copies . His album To Record Only Water for Ten Days was released in 2001 . A fourth album with the Chili Peppers , By the Way was released in 2002 . On a creative spree , Frusciante released six solo albums in 2004 ; each album explored different recording techniques and genres . 2006 saw the release of his fifth and final album with the Chili Peppers , Stadium Arcadium . In 2009 , Frusciante released The Empyrean , which features Flea and Josh Klinghoffer , and announced he had again parted ways with the Chili Peppers . Frusciante has received critical recognition for his guitar playing , ranking at number 18 on Rolling Stones list of `` The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time '' in 2003 ; and again in a second list published in 2011 , where he ranked at number 72 . He was ranked as number 42 in Gibson 's list of the `` 50 Best Guitarists of All Time '' . He was voted `` The Best Guitarist of the Last 30 Years '' in a 2010 BBC poll called `` The Axe Factor '' . Frusciante was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the Red Hot Chili Peppers on April 14 , 2012 although he did not attend the ceremony . ", "The discography of Zucchero , an Italian rock blues singer-songwriter , consists of twelve studio albums , one soundtrack album , seven compilation albums , two live albums and more than sixty singles . In 1993 , Zucchero has also released a studio album with the band Adelmo e i suoi Sorapis , also including Equipe 84 's Maurizio Vandelli and Pooh 's Dodi Battaglia . Zucchero 's first two studio albums did n't reach commercial success and failed to chart in Italy , while 1986 's Rispetto entered the Top 10 in his homecountry , where it sold more than 300,000 copies . Its follow-up , titled Blue 's , became the best-selling album in Italy of 1987 , while 1989 's Oro Incenso & Birra was certified eight-times platinum in Italy . For the latter as of 2015 are reported sales of over 8 million copies worldwide . In 1991 , Zucchero released his self-titled compilation , featuring the English-language version of some of his biggest hits , including the single `` Senza una donna -LRB- Without a Woman -RRB- '' , a duet with Paul Young which charted in the Top 5 in the United Kingdom and United States and topped the European Hot 100 . The album Spirito DiVino , released in 1995 , has sold more than 2,500,000 copies worldwide and was certified Platinum by the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry for European sales exceeding 1,000,000 units . The following studio albums were also million selling . As of 2012 , Zucchero has released 8 Italian number-one studio albums , including his last effort Chocabeck , and 4 Italian number-one compilation albums , including 1998 's The Best of Zucchero Sugar Fornaciari 's Greatest Hits , which was certified triple platinum in Europe , and 2004 's Zu & Co. , which was also certified platinum in Europe . Zucchero has sold over 50 million records around the world . ", "Then Again ... is a studio album by Australian singer John Farnham . The album was released in Australia on 18 October 1993 , and reached # 1 on the ARIA charts . It is notable along with its predecessor , Chain Reaction , for the fact that Farnham himself co-wrote most of the songs on the album , in this case nine of the fourteen tracks . The album won ` Highest Selling Album ' at the ARIA Awards in 1994 , and was promoted in a nationwide tour titled `` Talk Of The Town '' , which began in early 1994 . American artist Richard Marx , wrote four songs on the album and was a special guest on the album , playing piano on `` The Reason Why '' ", "Unreleased is the eighth album released by rapper , Andre Nickatina . It was released in 2001 and was produced by Andre Nickatina , Nick Peace , Juilan Piccolo , Smoov-E and the Fillmoe Coleman Band -LRB- Black Diamond & Tebo -RRB- . The album contained unreleased and rare tracks that did not make it to any of Nickatina 's previous albums and was sold exclusively at Nickatina 's concerts . ", "is the eleventh solo album by Susumu Hirasawa . " ]

[ 1, 1, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Malta", "Liam_Hackett_-LRB-firefighter-RRB-", "St._Paul_the_Apostle_Church_-LRB-Toronto-RRB-", "Saint_Daniele_Comboni", "Saint_Peter" ]

[ "Malta -LRB- -LSB- ˈmɒltə -RSB- -LSB- ˈmɐltɐ -RSB- -RRB- , officially known as the Republic of Malta -LRB- Repubblika ta ' Malta -RRB- , is a Southern European island country consisting of an archipelago in the Mediterranean Sea . It lies 80 km south of Italy , 284 km east of Tunisia , and 333 km north of Libya . The country covers just over 316 km2 , with a population of just under 450,000 , making it one of the world 's smallest and most densely populated countries . The capital of Malta is Valletta , which at 0.8 km2 , is the smallest national capital in the European Union by area . Malta has one national language , which is Maltese , and English as an official language . Malta 's location in the middle of the Mediterranean has historically given it great strategic importance as a naval base , and a succession of powers , including the Phoenicians , Carthaginians , Greeks , Romans , Byzantines , Moors , Normans , Sicilians , Spanish , Knights of St. John , French and British , have ruled the islands . King George VI of the United Kingdom awarded the George Cross to Malta in 1942 for the country 's bravery in the Second World War . The George Cross continues to appear on Malta 's national flag . Under the Malta Independence Act , passed by the British Parliament in 1964 , Malta gained independence from the United Kingdom as an independent sovereign Commonwealth realm , officially known from 1964 to 1974 as the State of Malta , with Elizabeth II as its head of state . The country became a republic in 1974 , and although no longer a Commonwealth realm , remains a member state of the Commonwealth of Nations . Malta was admitted to the United Nations in 1964 and to the European Union in 2004 ; in 2008 , it became part of the Eurozone . Malta has a long Christian legacy and its Archdiocese of Malta is claimed to be an apostolic see because , according to Acts of the Apostles , St Paul was shipwrecked on `` Melita '' , now widely taken to be Malta . Catholicism is the official religion in Malta . Malta is a popular tourist destination with its warm climate , numerous recreational areas , and architectural and historical monuments , including three UNESCO World Heritage Sites : Ħal Saflieni Hypogeum , Valletta , and seven Megalithic Temples , which are some of the oldest free-standing structures in the world . ", "William -LRB- Liam -RRB- Alfred Hackett is a retired London firefighter and recipient of the Life Saving Medal of the Order of St John . He was awarded the London Fire Brigade 's highest gallantry award , The Chief Officers Commendation in 1990 and the Life Saving Medal of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem on 6 February 1991 for a rescue he performed on December 23 , 1989 , whilst serving in the London Fire Brigade . . '' ... The harrowing rescue had serious consequences ... he was diagnosed as suffering with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder , and he was medically retired from the Brigade ... '' `` The London Fire Brigade 's highest gallantry award was a Chief Officer 's Commendation , next came a Chief Officer 's Letter of Congratulations.In either case an individual had demonstrated exceptional courage and bravery working in a hostile and dangerous environment ... '' `` The Life Saving Medal of the Order of St John -LRB- ` the Life Saving Medal ' -RRB- was instituted in 1874 , to enable the Order to honour those who saved , or attempted to save , the life of and -LSB- Sic -RSB- another and who placed themselves at imminent personal risk in doing so ... '' He was admitted as a Serving Brother , -LRB- Member -RRB- into the Priory of Scotland , of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem in January 2013 ; Gazetted in the London Gazette on the 15th January 2013 . He is believed to be the first member of the Order of St John in Scotland to hold the Life Saving Medal of the Order of St John . On the 17th September 2010 he was admitted into the Worshipful Company of Firefighters and granted The Freedom of the City of London . For his voluntary work with the Companions of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta in Glasgow.Scotland , he was invested into the Order pro Merito Melitensi , in the grade of Silver Medal , on the feast of St John , held in the Brompton Oratory Church in London on the 24th June 2016 . ", "St. Paul the Apostle is a Roman Catholic church in Toronto , Ontario , Canada . It is located at Dundas Street West in the The Junction neighbourhood . The church was primarily built in 1930 by the Maltese-Canadian community of Toronto . A larger , new church was built on the ground by the same community in 1956 . ", "Saint Daniele Comboni -LRB- 15 March 1831 -- 10 October 1881 -RRB- was an Italian Roman Catholic bishop who served in the missions in Africa and was the founder of both the and the . Comboni studied under the Venerable Nicola Mazza in Verona where he became a multi-linguist and since 1849 had vowed to join the missions in the African continent though this did not occur until 1857 when he travelled to Sudan . He continued back and forth from his assignment to his native land in order to found his congregations and attend to other matters and returned in 1870 for the First Vatican Council in Rome until its premature closing due to conflict . Comboni attempted to draw attention across Europe to the flight of the people living in poor-stricken areas in the African continent and from 1865 until mid-1865 travelled across Europe to places such as London and Paris to collect funds for a project he started to tend to the poor and ill . His mission to Africa was strengthened with his appointment as a bishop in 1877 for it allowed him greater freedom to establish branches of his order in Khartoum and Cairo amongst other locations . His cause for canonization came to fruition with his beatification in Saint Peter 's Basilica on 17 March 1996 and his canonization not long after on 5 October 2003 . ", "Saint Peter -LRB- Syriac/Aramaic : ܫܸܡܥܘܿܢ ܟܹ݁ܐܦ݂ܵܐ , Shemayon Keppa , שמעון בר יונה , Πέτρος , according to the New Testament , was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus Christ , leaders of the early Christian Great Church . Hippolytus of Rome , a 3rd-century theologian , gave him the title of `` Apostle of the Apostles '' . According to Catholic teaching , Peter was ordained by Jesus in the `` Rock of My Church '' dialogue in Matthew . He is traditionally counted as the first Bishop of Romeor popeand also by Eastern Christian tradition as the first Patriarch of Antioch . The ancient Christian churches all venerate Peter as a major saint and as the founder of the Church of Antioch and the Roman Church , but differ in their attitudes regarding the authority of his present-day successors . The New Testament indicates that Peter was the son of John -LRB- or Jonah or Jona -RRB- and was from the village of Bethsaida in the province of Galilee or Gaulanitis . His brother Andrew was also an apostle . According to New Testament accounts , Peter was one of twelve apostles chosen by Jesus from his first disciples . Originally a fisherman , he played a leadership role and was with Jesus during events witnessed by only a few apostles , such as the Transfiguration . According to the gospels , Peter confessed Jesus as the Messiah , was part of Jesus 's inner circle , thrice denied Jesus and wept bitterly once he realised his deed , and preached on the day of Pentecost . According to Christian tradition , Peter was crucified in Rome under Emperor Nero Augustus Caesar . It is traditionally held that he was crucified upside down at his own request , since he saw himself unworthy to be crucified in the same way as Jesus . Tradition holds that he was crucified at the site of the Clementine Chapel . His remains are said to be those contained in the underground Confessio of St. Peter 's Basilica , where Pope Paul VI announced in 1968 the excavated discovery of a first-century Roman cemetery . Every 29 June since 1736 , a statue of Saint Peter in St. Peter 's Basilica is adorned with papal tiara , ring of the fisherman , and papal vestments , as part of the celebration of the Feast of Saints Peter and Paul . According to Catholic doctrine , the direct papal successor to Saint Peter is the incumbent pope , currently Pope . Two general epistles in the New Testament are ascribed to Peter , but modern scholars reject the Petrine authorship of both . The Gospel of Mark was traditionally thought to show the influence of Peter 's preaching and eyewitness memories . Several other books bearing his namethe Acts of Peter , Gospel of Peter , Preaching of Peter , Apocalypse of Peter , and Judgment of Peterare considered by Christian denominations as apocryphal , and are thus not included in their Bible canons . " ]

[ 2, 1, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Hebe_-LRB-mythology-RRB-", "Zeus", "Hephaestus_in_popular_culture", "Hephaestus", "Aetna_-LRB-nymph-RRB-" ]

[ "Hebe -LRB- -LSB- ˈhiːbi -RSB- Ἥβη -RRB- in ancient Greek religion , is the goddess of youth -LRB- Roman equivalent : Juventas -RRB- . She is the daughter of Zeus and Hera . Hebe was the cupbearer for the gods and goddesses of Mount Olympus , serving their nectar and ambrosia , until she was married to Heracles -LRB- Roman equivalent : Hercules -RRB- ; her successor was the divine hero Ganymede . Another title of hers , for this reason , is Ganymeda . She also drew baths for her brother Ares and helped Hera enter her chariot . Hebe was supposed to have the power to give eternal youth , and in art is typically seen with her father in the guise of an eagle , often offering a cup to him . This depiction is seen in classical engraved gems as well as later art and seems to relate to a belief that the eagle -LRB- like the phoenix -RRB- had the ability to renew itself to a youthful state . ", "Zeus -LSB- ˈzju : s -RSB- -LRB- Ζεύς , Zeús , -LSB- zdeǔ̯s -RSB- Modern Δίας , Días -LSB- ˈði.as -RSB- -RRB- is the sky and thunder god in ancient Greek religion , who ruled as king of the gods of Mount Olympus . His name is cognate with the first element of his Roman equivalent Jupiter . His mythologies and powers are similar , though not identical , to those of the Indo-European deities such as Indra , Jupiter , Perun , Thor , and Odin . Zeus is the child of Cronus and Rhea , the youngest of his siblings to be born , though sometimes reckoned the eldest as the others required disgorging from Cronus 's stomach . In most traditions , he is married to Hera , by whom he is usually said to have fathered Ares , Hebe , and Hephaestus . At the oracle of Dodona , his consort was said to be Dione , by whom the Iliad states that he fathered Aphrodite . Zeus was also infamous for his erotic escapades . These resulted in many godly and heroic offspring , including Athena , Apollo , Artemis , Hermes , Persephone , Dionysus , Perseus , Heracles , Helen of Troy , Minos , and the Muses . He was respected as an allfather who was chief of the gods and assigned the others to their roles : `` Even the gods who are not his natural children address him as Father , and all the gods rise in his presence . '' He was equated with many foreign weather gods , permitting Pausanias to observe `` That Zeus is king in heaven is a saying common to all men '' . Zeus ' symbols are the thunderbolt , eagle , bull , and oak . In addition to his Indo-European inheritance , the classical `` cloud-gatherer '' -LRB- Greek : Νεφεληγερέτα , Nephelēgereta -RRB- also derives certain iconographic traits from the cultures of the ancient Near East , such as the scepter . Zeus is frequently depicted by Greek artists in one of two poses : standing , striding forward with a thunderbolt leveled in his raised right hand , or seated in majesty . ", "Hephaestus makes many appearances in popular culture . Hephaestus participates in a story science fiction duology Ilium/Olympos by Dan Simmons . Hephaestus crafts a mechanical replica of the owl Bubo in the 1981 film Clash of the Titans . Hephaestus plays a role in the 2010 video game God of War III and is voiced by actor Rip Torn ; he assists protagonist Kratos by providing him with new weapons , the electrically based Nemesis Whip , but betrays Kratos and in turn is killed by him in an attempt to keep him away from his created daughter Pandora . He also created the weapon , the Gauntlet of Zeus , that appears in the 2008 video game God of War : Chains of Olympus . In the God of War novel -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , it is revealed that he created Kratos ' Blades of Chaos in Tartarus -LRB- the original video game only said that Ares had them forged in Tartarus but did not state who forged them -RRB- . In Diablo II , the player has to kill Hephasto the Armorer in order to complete a quest . Hephaestus appears in several episodes of the TV series Hercules : The Legendary Journeys and Xena : Warrior Princess . He is portrayed by the actors Julian Garner and Jason Hoyte . Hephaestus appears in the Pastoral Symphony segment of the 1940 Disney film Fantasia . He is shown forging thunderbolts for Zeus to throw at Dionysus . However , while Zeus kept his Greek name , the animators referred to Hephaestus and Dionysus by their Roman names , Vulcan and Bacchus . Hephaestus appeared in the 1997 Disney movie , Hercules and the animated series based on it , as one of the gods upon Mount Olympus and the brother of Hercules . He is shown to be engaged to Aphrodite and hates it when Hades flirts with her . Hephaestus appears in Justice League Unlimited Hephaestus appears in the fourth book in the Percy Jackson and the Olympians series , The Battle of the Labyrinth and in the Heroes of Olympus series , `` The Lost Hero '' as the father of Leo Valdez . In these series , his workshop is shown to have moved from Mount Aetna to Mount St. Helens . In John C. Wright 's Titans of Chaos , Hephaestus -LRB- Mulciber -RRB- is one of the powerful gods who attends the conference on what to do with the children ; he offers Amelia a job as part of their plan to split the children up . Vulcan appears in The Apotheosis of Washington , producing a cannon and a steam engine . Hephaestus was also visited by German adventurer Baron Munchausen . This visit was also pictured in 1988 film `` The Adventures of Baron Munchausen '' by Terry Gilliam . In the 2012 film `` Wrath of the Titans '' , Hephaestus is played by Bill Nighy . He is , in the film , credited with the creation of Tartarus and the forging of the weapons of the gods . In Homestuck Hephaestus is the denizen , a sort of final boss , in Land of Heat and Clockwork . It is assumed that he is the denizen of all time-players . In the video game Smite Hephaestus appears in-game under his Roman name Vulcan , he is a playable god whose role is a mage . He also has a prosthetic left leg and right hand , in reference to both his lameness from mythology and his own ingenuity and peerless craftsmanship . In David Weber 's Honorverse , Hephaestus is the name of the Star Kingdom of Manticore 's primary orbital warship construction and repair platform . In its 2013 Expansion -LRB- based on Greek and Roman Mythology -RRB- entitled Theros , Magic , The Gathering paralleled Hephaestus with the creature card `` Purphoros , God of the Forge '' mimicking his hammer as well . Hephaestus is a main character in the novel The Automation by the anonymous author `` B.L.A. and G.B. Gabbler . '' The other characters also call him Vulcan on occasion . Hephaestus is an important god in the light novel Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon ? and is the leader of the smith familia . This incarnation has been gender swapped . ", "Hephaestus -LRB- -LSB- hɪˈfiːstəs -RSB- , -LSB- həˈfɛstəs -RSB- or -LSB- hᵻˈfɛstəs -RSB- Hephaestus #Alternative spellings ; Ancient Greek : Ἥφαιστος Hēphaistos -RRB- is the Greek god of blacksmiths , craftsmen , artisans , sculptors , metals , metallurgy , fire and volcanoes . Hephaestus ' Roman equivalent is Vulcan . In Greek mythology , Hephaestus was the son of Zeus and Hera , the king and queen of the gods . In another version , he was Hera 's parthenogenous child , rejected by his mother because of his deformity and thrown off Mount Olympus and down to earth . As a smithing god , Hephaestus made all the weapons of the gods in Olympus . He served as the blacksmith of the gods , and was worshipped in the manufacturing and industrial centers of Greece , particularly Athens . The cult of Hephaestus was based in Lemnos . Hephaestus ' symbols are a smith 's hammer , anvil , and a pair of tongs . ", "Aetna -LRB- Greek : Αἴτνη -RRB- was in Greek and Roman mythology a Sicilian nymph , and according to Alcimus , a daughter of Uranus and Gaia , or of Briareus . Stephanus of Byzantium , says that according to one account Aetna was a daughter of Oceanus . Simonides said that she had acted as arbitrator between Hephaestus and Demeter respecting the possession of Sicily . By Zeus or Hephaestus she became the mother of the Palici . Mount Aetna in Sicily was believed to have derived its name from her , and under it Zeus buried Typhon , Enceladus , or Briareus . The mountain itself was believed to be the place in which Hephaestus and the Cyclops made the thunderbolts for Zeus . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "House_of_Balloons", "Queen_of_England", "President's_House,_Trinidad_and_Tobago", "Shelton_McMurphey_Johnson_House", "Balloons_-LRB-song-RRB-" ]

[ "House of Balloons is the debut mixtape by Canadian singer The Weeknd . It was released as a free download on March 21 , 2011 , by XO . The mixtape was also released on his official website . Its music incorporates electronic and urban genres , including R&B and soul , along with trip hop , indie rock and dream pop tones . The contributions to the mixtape 's production came from Canadian record producers such as Doc McKinney , Zodiac and Illangelo , among others . In September 2013 , The Weeknd revealed that the House of Balloons is a real place , located at 65 Spencer Ave in Toronto . ", "Queen of England may refer to : ", "President 's House is the official residence of the President of Trinidad and Tobago , located in the capital city Port of Spain , on Trinidad island , Trinidad and Tobago . It is next to the Royal Botanic Gardens . ", "The Shelton McMurphey Johnson House , or Castle on the Hill , in Eugene , Oregon , United States , is a Victorian-era residence that is listed on the National Register of Historical Places . It is named for the three families who called it home over the years . The house is now open for public tours and pre-arranged private events . ", "`` Balloons '' is the first single from the album Antidotes by Foals . It is their fourth single in total to date . It was released as a digital download on 9 December 2007 and on CD and vinyl the following day . The video was directed by Dave Ma and features crows , dancers in flapper dresses , a wall of flowers and Foals ' artwork maestro Tinhead painting on a wall . Singer Yannis has described the crows as representing coal or fuel . `` Balloons '' peaked at number 39 on the UK singles chart , and was voted in at 86 in NME 's 100 Tracks of the Decade . " ]

[ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "The_Originals_-LRB-TV_series-RRB-", "The_Americans_-LRB-season_3-RRB-", "Molly-COLON-_An_American_Girl_on_the_Home_Front", "Playdates_-LRB-Modern_Family-RRB-", "Nathan_Parsons" ]

[ "The Originals is an American television series that began airing on The CW on October 3 , 2013 . Created as a spin-off of The Vampire Diaries , the series follows vampire Klaus Mikaelson as he and his family become embroiled in the supernatural politics of New Orleans . On May 10 , 2017 , The CW renewed the series for a fifth season . ", "The third season of the American television drama series The Americans , consisting of 13 episodes , premiered on FX on January 28 , 2015 , and concluded on April 22 , 2015 . The series was renewed for the third season on April 16 , 2014 . ", "An American Girl on the Home Front is the third movie in the American Girl film series , but is the first to premiere on the Disney Channel . The first two movies in the series were broadcast on The WB Television Network , but the series moved since it no longer fit in with its original network following the WB/UPN merger . It premiered on November 26 , 2006 , but was not tagged as a Disney Channel Original Movie . The film stars Maya Ritter in the title role , with Molly Ringwald , David Aaron Baker , Tory Green and Genevieve Farrell in their supporting roles . The screenwriter , Anna Sandor , won the 2007 Humanitas Prize for the movie . ", "`` Playdates ' '' is the tenth episode of seventh season of the American sitcom Modern Family . It aired on January 6 , 2016 on American Broadcasting Company -LRB- ABC -RRB- . The episode is directed by Claire Scanlon and written by Jeffrey Richman . ", "Nathan Dean Parsons -LRB- born 16 June 1988 -RRB- is an Australian-born American actor , best known for his work in daytime television on the ABC daytime soap opera General Hospital as the character of Ethan Lovett . He also had roles on primetime television shows as vampire James Kent on the seventh and final season of the HBO drama series True Blood , and recently exited the role of werewolf Jackson Kenner on The CW drama series The Originals . Also played the role as extra camera man in the Disney channel movie Starstruck along with his `` The Originals '' costar Danielle Campbell " ]

[ 2, 2, 2, 2, 2 ]

[ "Milk_-LRB-film-RRB-", "Powdered_milk", "Breast_milk", "Spilt_Milk", "Qatiq" ]

[ "Milk is a 2008 American biographical film based on the life of gay rights activist and politician Harvey Milk , who was the first openly gay person to be elected to public office in California , as a member of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors . Directed by Gus Van Sant and written by Dustin Lance Black , the film stars Sean Penn as Milk and Josh Brolin as Dan White , a city supervisor who assassinated Milk and Mayor George Moscone . The film was released to much acclaim and earned numerous accolades from film critics and guilds . Ultimately , it received eight Academy Award nominations , including Best Picture , winning two for Best Actor in a Leading Role for Penn and Best Original Screenplay for Black . Attempts to put Milk 's life to film followed a 1984 documentary of his life and the aftermath of his assassination , titled The Times of Harvey Milk , which was loosely based upon Randy Shilts 's biography , The Mayor of Castro Street -LRB- the film won the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature for 1984 , and was awarded Special Jury Prize at the first Sundance Film Festival , among other awards -RRB- . Various scripts were considered in the early 1990s , but projects fell through for different reasons , until 2007 . Much of Milk was filmed on Castro Street and other locations in San Francisco , including Milk 's former storefront , Castro Camera . Milk begins on Harvey Milk 's 40th birthday -LRB- in 1970 -RRB- , when he was living in New York City and had not yet settled in San Francisco . It chronicles his foray into city politics , and the various battles he waged in the Castro neighborhood as well as throughout the city , and political campaigns to limit the rights of gay people in 1977 and 1978 run by Anita Bryant and John Briggs . His romantic and political relationships are also addressed , as is his tenuous affiliation with troubled Supervisor Dan White ; the film ends with White 's double homicide of Milk and Mayor George Moscone . The film 's release was tied to the 2008 California voter referendum on gay marriage , Proposition 8 , when it made its premiere at the Castro Theatre two weeks before election day . ", "Powdered milk or dried milk is a manufactured dairy product made by evaporating milk to dryness . One purpose of drying milk is to preserve it ; milk powder has a far longer shelf life than liquid milk and does not need to be refrigerated , due to its low moisture content . Another purpose is to reduce its bulk for economy of transportation . Powdered milk and dairy products include such items as dry whole milk , nonfat -LRB- skimmed -RRB- dry milk , dry buttermilk , dry whey products and dry dairy blends . Many dairy products exported conform to standards laid out in Codex Alimentarius . Many forms of milk powder are traded on exchanges . Powdered milk is used for food and health -LRB- nutrition -RRB- , and also in biotechnology -LRB- saturating agent -RRB- . ", "Breast milk is the milk produced by the breasts -LRB- or mammary glands -RRB- of a human female to feed a child . Milk is the primary source of nutrition for newborns before they are able to eat and digest other foods ; older infants and toddlers may continue to be breastfed , either exclusively or in combination with other foods from around six months of age when solid foods may be introduced . ", "Spilt Milk , a play on the idiom there 's no point crying over spilt milk , may refer to : Spilt Milk -LRB- Jellyfish album -RRB- , 1993 Spilt Milk -LRB- Kristina Train album -RRB- , 2009 Spilt Milk -LRB- novel -RRB- , 2009 `` Spilt Milk '' -LRB- A music piece composed by Stefan Abingdon -RRB- 2011 `` Spilt Milk '' -LRB- American Horror Story -RRB- , a 2013 television episode ", "Qatiq is a fermented milk product from the Turkic countries . It is considered a more solid form of yogurt than ayran . Some of the local names include : katık in Turkey , qatıq in Azerbaijan , qatiq in Uzbekistan , ҡатыҡ in Bashkortostan , қатық in Kazakhstan and Tajikistan , катык or айран in Kyrgyzstan , катык in Tatarstan , gatyk in Turkmenistan . It is known as къатыкъ among the Crimean Tatars and as қатиқ among the Uyghurs . In Bulgaria , катък is not a drink , but a spread that has the consistency of mayonnaise . In order to obtain qatiq , the boiled milk is fermented for 6-10 hours in a warm place . Sometimes red beets or cherries are used for coloring . The drink may be kept in a cool place for two or three days . If stored longer , the drink will turn sour ; it may still be added to high-fat soups , though . The chalop soup is made from qatiq in Uzbekistan . When sour milk is strained in a canvas bag , the resulting product is called suzma . Dried suzma , or kurut , is often rolled into marble-size balls . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 0, 1 ]

[ "See.SZA.Run", "SZA_-LRB-singer-RRB-", "Soul_music", "It's_Only_Love_-LRB-ZZ_Top_song-RRB-", "Neo_soul" ]

[ "See.SZA.Run is the debut mixtape by American recording artist SZA , self-released on October 29 , 2012 . After failing college and postponing Graduation school , in order to make money , SZA began recording music by accident , and decided to continue . SZA recorded songs with her friend who lived close by , in which they took production and beats from the internet . A PBR&B and neo-soul , See.SZA.Run has a diverse musical style that incorporates contemporary urban genres such as soul , hip hop , and minimalist R&B , the EP also takes influences from cloud rap and ethereal R&B as well as using witch house and chillwave elements . The production is characterized as being built over billowing synths , bombing bass and crushed beats . Upon release the extended play was met with critical acclaim from music critics , who commended the album , its lyrical content and its production , other critics compared the album to the work of musicians including Drake , The Weeknd , Miguel and Frank Ocean . To promote the extended play on October 9 , 2012 , SZA released a music video for the song `` Country '' . ", "Solána Rowe -LRB- born November 8 , 1990 -RRB- , better known by her stage name SZA -LRB- -LSB- ˈsɪzə -RSB- -RRB- , is an American singer-songwriter . She was born in St. Louis , Missouri , later relocating to Maplewood , New Jersey . In October 2012 , Rowe self-released an extended play -LRB- EP -RRB- titled See.SZA.Run , which she then followed up with her second EP , titled S , in October 2013 . In July 2013 , it was revealed that she had signed to the hip hop record label Top Dawg Entertainment , through which she released Z , her third EP and first retail release , in April 2014 . SZA is a Neo Soul singer whose music is described as Alternative R&B , with elements of soul , hip hop , minimalist R&B , cloud rap , ethereal R&B , witch house and chillwave . Rowe 's lyrics are described as `` unravelling '' , that revolve around themes of sexuality , nostalgia , and abandonment . Rowe cites a variety of artists as influences including Billie Holiday , Red Hot Chili Peppers , Björk , Jamiroquai , and Wu-Tang Clan . SZA also takes influence from non-musical artists including gymnasts , ice skaters , painters , and filmmakers , including Spike Lee . ", "Soul music -LRB- often referred to simply as soul -RRB- is a popular music genre that originated in the United States in the late 1950s and early 1960s . It combines elements of African-American gospel music , rhythm and blues and jazz . Soul music became popular for dancing and listening in the United States , where record labels such as Motown , Atlantic and Stax were influential during the Civil Rights Movement . Soul also became popular around the world , directly influencing rock music and the music of Africa . According to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame , soul is `` music that arose out of the black experience in America through the transmutation of gospel and rhythm & blues into a form of funky , secular testifying '' . Catchy rhythms , stressed by handclaps and extemporaneous body moves , are an important feature of soul music . Other characteristics are a call and response between the lead vocalist and the chorus and an especially tense vocal sound . The style also occasionally uses improvisational additions , twirls and auxiliary sounds . Soul music reflected the African-American identity and it stressed the importance of an African-American culture . The new-found African-American consciousness led to new styles of music , which boasted pride in being black . Soul music dominated the U.S. R&B chart in the 1960s , and many recordings crossed over into the pop charts in the U.S. , Britain and elsewhere . By 1968 , the soul music genre had begun to splinter . Some soul artists developed funk music , while other singers and groups developed slicker , more sophisticated , and in some cases more politically conscious varieties . By the early 1970s , soul music had been influenced by psychedelic rock and other genres , leading to psychedelic soul . The United States saw the development of neo soul around 1994 . There are also several other subgenres and offshoots of soul music . The key subgenres of soul include the Detroit -LRB- Motown -RRB- style , a rhythmic music influenced by gospel ; deep soul and southern soul , driving , energetic soul styles combining R&B with southern gospel music sounds ; Memphis soul , a shimmering , sultry style ; New Orleans soul , which came out of the rhythm and blues style ; Chicago soul , a lighter gospel-influenced sound ; Philadelphia soul , a lush orchestral sound with doo-wop-inspired vocals ; Psychedelic soul , a blend of psychedelic rock and soul music ; as well as categories such as Blue-eyed soul , which is soul music performed by white artists ; British soul ; and Northern soul , rare soul music played by DJs at nightclubs in Northern England . ", "`` It 's Only Love '' is a song by American blues rock band ZZ Top . It was released as the lead single from their fifth studio album Tejas -LRB- 1976 -RRB- . ", "Neo soul is a genre of popular music . The term was coined by music industry entrepreneur Kedar Massenburg during the late 1990s to market and describe a style of music that emerged from soul and contemporary R&B . Heavily based in soul music , neo soul is distinguished by a less conventional sound than its contemporary R&B counterpart , with incorporated elements ranging from jazz , funk , and hip hop to pop , fusion , and African music . It has been noted by music writers for its traditional R&B influences , conscious-driven lyrics , and strong female presence . Neo soul developed during the 1980s and early 1990s , in the United States and United Kingdom , as a soul revival movement . It earned mainstream success during the 1990s , with the commercial and critical breakthroughs of several artists , including D'Angelo , Erykah Badu , Lauryn Hill , and Maxwell . Their music was marketed as an alternative to the producer-driven , digitally approached R&B of the time . Since its initial mainstream popularity and impact on the sound of contemporary R&B , neo soul has been expanded and diversified musically through the works of both African-American and international artists . Its mainstream presence declined during the 2000s , although newer artists emerged through more independent means of marketing their music . According to music journalist Mark Anthony Neal , `` neo-soul and its various incarnations has helped to redefine the boundaries and contours of black pop . '' " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 0, 1 ]

[ "Research", "Rectovaginal_examination", "Alternative_hypothesis", "Mechanical_device_test_stands", "Observation_-LRB-disambiguation-RRB-" ]

[ "Research comprises `` creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge , including knowledge of humans , culture and society , and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications . '' It is used to establish or confirm facts , reaffirm the results of previous work , solve new or existing problems , support theorems , or develop new theories . A research project may also be an expansion on past work in the field . Research projects can be used to develop further knowledge on a topic , or in the example of a school research project , they can be used to further a student 's research prowess to prepare them for future jobs or reports . To test the validity of instruments , procedures , or experiments , research may replicate elements of prior projects or the project as a whole . The primary purposes of basic research -LRB- as opposed to applied research -RRB- are documentation , discovery , interpretation , or the research and development -LRB- R&D -RRB- of methods and systems for the advancement of human knowledge . Approaches to research depend on epistemologies , which vary considerably both within and between humanities and sciences . There are several forms of research : scientific , humanities , artistic , economic , social , business , marketing , practitioner research , life , technological , etc. . ", "A rectovaginal examination is a type of gynecological examination used to supplement a pelvic examination . In the rectovaginal examination , a doctor or other health care provider places one finger in the vagina and another in the rectum to assess the rectovaginal septum . The examiner will look for any scarring or masses that may indicate cancer or another disease . Typically , a rectovaginal examination is performed to assess pelvic pain , rectal symptoms , or a pelvic mass . It can also provide a sample for fecal occult blood testing . ", "In statistical hypothesis testing , the alternative hypothesis -LRB- or maintained hypothesis or research hypothesis -RRB- and the null hypothesis are the two rival hypotheses which are compared by a statistical hypothesis test . In the domain of science two rival hypotheses can be compared by explanatory power and predictive power . ", "A mechanical device test stand is one specific type of test stand . It is a facility used to develop , characterize and test mechanical components . The facility allows for the testing of the component and , it offers measurement of several physical variables associated to the functionality of the component . Such components could be electromechanical , motors or tools . The intended use of the test stand is for compliance testing of predetermined desired values and fatigue testing . A sophisticated mechanical component test stand houses several integrated measurement and control -LRB- imc -RRB- components , such as sensors , data acquisition devices and actuators to control the component . The sensors measure several physical variables , such as : Strain/multi-axial strain Mechanical stress Rigidity/stiffness Angle Vibration/oscillation signals Information gathered from the sensors is processed and logged through the use of data acquisition systems . Actuators allow for attaining a desired state . Test stands for mechanical devices are often custom-built according to the requirements of the customer . They often include a feedback control system . ", "Observation is sensing and assimilating the knowledge of a phenomenon into a framework of previous knowledge and ideas . Observation may also refer to : Observation in auditing , a procedure to obtain audit evidence . Observation tower Observation deck Observer -LRB- special relativity -RRB- a specialized meaning of the concept that physicists use Observation car -LRB- often abbreviated to observation -RRB- , a type of railroad passenger car Watchful waiting -LRB- also referred to as observation -RRB- , an approach to a medical problem in which time is allowed to pass before further testing or therapy is pursued Medical observation Observations and Measurements , an information model and data transfer standard `` The Observation '' , a song by Donovan from his 1967 album Mellow Yellow `` Observations '' , a song by Avail from their 1992 album Satiate Observations -LRB- album -RRB- , a 1996 album by Steve Swell and Chris Kelsey Observations , Richard Avedon 's 1959 collaborative book with Truman Capote containing portraits of famous people An empirically obtained random variate in statistics A unit of a sample , in statistics " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Prince_Valiant_-LRB-1997_film-RRB-", "Stephen_Moyer", "Petyr_Baelish", "David_Moyer", "Hannibal_Penney" ]

[ "Prince Valiant is a 1997 Irish-British independent sword and sorcery film directed by Anthony Hickox , written by Michael Frost Beckner , and starring Stephen Moyer , Katherine Heigl , Thomas Kretschmann , Joanna Lumley , Ron Perlman , and Edward Fox . It is a loose adaptation of the long-running Prince Valiant comic strip of Hal Foster , some panels of which were used in the movie . In it , Valiant must battle the Vikings and a scheming sorceress to save the kingdom . ", "Stephen Moyer -LRB- born Stephen John Emery ; 11 October 1969 -RRB- is an English film and television actor and director who is best known as vampire Bill Compton in the HBO series True Blood . Moyer 's first television role was in 1993 as Philip Masefield in the TV adaptation of the play Conjugal Rites , written by actor/playwright Roger Hall . This was followed by the television film Lord of Misrule , filmed in Fowey , Cornwall , which also featured Richard Wilson , Emily Mortimer and Prunella Scales . In 1997 , Moyer made his big-screen debut landing the lead role in the film adaptation of the long-running comic strip Prince Valiant by Hal Foster , working alongside Ron Perlman and Katherine Heigl . ", "Petyr Baelish , nicknamed Littlefinger , is a fictional character created by American author George R. R. Martin . He is a prominent non-point of view character in Martin 's award-winning A Song of Ice and Fire series , and a main character in HBO 's adaptation of the series , Game of Thrones , where he is portrayed by Aidan Gillen . In A Storm of Swords , it is revealed that several major plot points have hinged on Baelish 's intrigues , including the framing of Tyrion Lannister for the attempt on Bran Stark 's life , the downfall of Lord Eddard Stark , the deaths of Lord Jon Arryn and King Joffrey Baratheon , and the War of the Five Kings . ", "David Lloyd Moyer is a former American bishop . He was a priest of the Episcopal Church before becoming a bishop of the Anglican Church in America , a Continuing Anglicanism body . In 2014 , he stepped aside from his ordained ministry to be received into the Roman Catholic Church as a layman , as his congregation , then known as the Blessed John Henry Newman Catholic Community of Straffod , PA , prepared to enter the Personal Ordinariate of the Chair of St. Peter , the North American ordinariate for former Anglicans . The community later merged with a second local Anglican Ordinariate group to form St. John the Baptist Catholic Church in Bridgeport , PA. . ", "Hannibal Penney was born in Chattanooga , Tennessee . He spent many years performing in films , Shakespearean plays and as a regular on Ryan 's Hope . He co-starred alongside William F. McGaha in the 1972 biker film JC where he played the part of David Little , a black biker . He is mostly known to TV viewers as Dr. Clem Moultrie , the tall and handsome neurosurgeon in Ryan 's Hope . He was in the show from 1975 to 1978 and appeared in 134 episodes . " ]

[ 2, 2, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Vandals", "East_Germanic_tribes", "Huns", "Huneric", "List_of_Mongol_and_Tatar_attacks_in_Europe" ]

[ "The Vandals were an East Germanic tribe , or group of tribes , who were first heard of in southern Poland , but later moved around Europe establishing kingdoms in Spain and later North Africa in the 5th century . The Vandals are believed to have migrated from southern Scandinavia to the area between the lower Oder and Vistula rivers during the 2nd century BC and to have settled in Silesia from around 120 BC . They are associated with the Przeworsk culture and were possibly the same people as the Lugii . Expanding into Dacia during the Marcomannic Wars and to Pannonia during the Crisis of the Third Century , the Vandals were confined to Pannonia by the Goths around 330 AD , where they received permission to settle by Constantine the Great . Around 400 , raids by the Huns forced many of the Germanic tribes like the Goths to migrate to the Roman Empire , and fearing that they might be targeted next , the Vandals were pushed westwards crossing the Rhine into Gaul along with other tribes in 406 . In 409 , the Vandals crossed the Pyrenees into the Iberian Peninsula , where their main groups , the Hasdingi and the Silingi , settled in Gallaecia -LRB- northwest -RRB- and Baetica -LRB- south central -RRB- respectively . After the Visigoths invaded Iberia , the Iranian Alans and Silingi Vandals voluntarily subjected to the rule of Hasdingian leader Gunderic , who was pushed from Gallaecia to Baetica by a Roman-Suebi coalition in 419 . In 429 , under king Genseric , the Vandals entered North Africa . By 439 they established a kingdom which included the Roman province of Africa as well as Sicily , Corsica , Sardinia , Malta and the Balearic Islands . They fended off several Roman attempts to recapture the African province , and sacked the city of Rome in 455 . Their kingdom collapsed in the Vandalic War of 533 -- 4 , in which Justinian I managed to reconquer the province for the Eastern Roman Empire . Renaissance and Early Modern writers characterized the Vandals as barbarians , `` sacking and looting '' Rome . This led to the use of the term `` vandalism '' to describe any senseless destruction , particularly the `` barbarian '' defacing of artwork . However , modern historians tend to regard the Vandals during the transitional period from Late Antiquity to the Early Middle Ages as perpetuators , not destroyers , of Roman culture . ", "The Germanic tribes referred to as East Germanic constitute a wave of migrants who may have moved from Scandinavia into the area between the Oder and Vistula rivers between the years 600 and 300 BC . Later they went to the south . Unlike the Northern and Western tribes , they did not successfully preserve their ethnicity and were primarily assimilated into West Germanic tribes and Romans . According to some theories , the east Germanic tribes , related to the North Germanic tribes , had migrated from Scandinavia into the region east of the Elbe River -LRB- Vandals , Burgundians , Goths , Rugians and others -RRB- . ", "The Huns were a nomadic people who lived in Eastern Europe , the Caucasus , and Central Asia between the 1st century AD and the 7th century AD . As per European tradition , they were first reported living east of the Volga River , in an area that was part of Scythia at the time ; the Huns ' arrival is associated with the migration westward of a Scythian people , the Alans . In 91 AD , the Huns were said to be living near the Caspian Sea and by about 150 had migrated southeast into the Caucasus . By 370 , the Huns had established a vast , if short-lived , dominion in Europe . In the 18th century , the French scholar Joseph de Guignes became the first to propose a link between the Huns and the Xiongnu people , who were northern neighbours of China in the 3rd century BC . Since Guignes ' time , considerable scholarly effort has been devoted to investigating such a connection . However , there is no scholarly consensus on a direct connection between the dominant element of the Xiongnu and that of the Huns . Priscus , a 5th-century Roman diplomat and Greek historian , mentions that the Huns had a language of their own ; little of it has survived and its relationships have mainly been considered the Altaic languages . Numerous other ethnic groups were included under Attila the Hun 's rule , including very many speakers of Gothic , which some modern scholars describe as a lingua franca of the Empire . Their main military technique was mounted archery . The Huns may have stimulated the Great Migration , a contributing factor in the collapse of the Western Roman Empire . They formed a unified empire under Attila the Hun , who died in 453 ; their empire broke up the next year . Their descendants , or successors with similar names , are recorded by neighbouring populations to the south , east and west as having occupied parts of Eastern Europe and Central Asia approximately from the 4th century to the 6th century . Variants of the Hun name are recorded in the Caucasus until the early 8th century . ", "Huneric or Hunneric or Honeric -LRB- died December 23 , 484 -RRB- was King of the -LRB- North African -RRB- Vandal kingdom -LRB- 477 -- 484 -RRB- and the oldest son of Genseric . He dropped the imperial politics of his father and concentrated mainly on internal affairs . He was married to Eudocia , daughter of western Roman Emperor Valentinian III -LRB- 419 -- 455 -RRB- and Licinia Eudoxia . She left him , probably in 472 . She had one son by him , Hilderic . Huneric was the first Vandal king who used the title King of the Vandals and Alans . Despite adopting this style , and that the Vandals maintained their sea-power and their hold on the islands of the western Mediterranean , Huneric did not have the prestige that his father Genseric had enjoyed with other states . ", "The Mongol invasion of Europe from the east took place over the course of three centuries , from the Middle Ages to the early modern period . The terms Tatars or Tartars are applied to nomadic Mongolic peoples who , themselves , were conquered by Mongols and incorporated into their horde . They were mainly composed of Kipchaks-Cuman people . Mongol-Tatar Golden Horde forces led by Batu Khan , -LRB- a grandson of Genghis Khan -RRB- , began attacking Europe in 1223 , starting with Cumans , Volga Bulgaria and Kievan Rus . They destroyed many Rus cities including Kiev , Vladimir and Moscow in the process , sparing Novgorod and Pskov however . They originally planned to continue all the way to the shores of the `` Great Sea '' -LRB- Atlantic Ocean -RRB- . However , upon learning of the death of Ögedei Khan -LRB- third son of Genghis Khan , uncle of Batu Khan -RRB- in 1241 they returned eastwards to their steppe homelands . This , it could be argued , saved the rest of Europe from suffering the catastrophes that befell the armies and towns of Poland and Hungary , although over-stretched lines of communication and the lack of vast open tracts of pasture land might well have proved the undoing of such a venture . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Yvonne_Strahovski", "Julie_McWhirter", "Barbara_Harris_-LRB-voice_casting_director-RRB-", "Heidi_Van_Horne", "Samuel_Fröler" ]

[ "Yvonne Jaqueline Strzechowski -LRB- born 30 July 1982 -RRB- , known professionally as Yvonne Strahovski -LRB- -LSB- strəˈhɒvski -RSB- -RRB- , is an Australian actress . She is best known for her roles as CIA Agent Sarah Walker in the NBC series Chuck -LRB- 2007 -- 2012 -RRB- , Hannah McKay in the Showtime series Dexter -LRB- 2012 -- 2013 -RRB- and CIA Agent Kate Morgan in the Fox limited event television series 24 : Live Another Day -LRB- 2014 -RRB- . Strahovski 's other notable works include Lego : The Adventures of Clutch Powers -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , Killer Elite -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , I , Frankenstein -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , The Astronaut Wives Club -LRB- 2015 -RRB- , and Manhattan Night -LRB- 2016 -RRB- . She has also voiced Miranda Lawson in the Mass Effect video game series and Batwoman in the animated film Batman : Bad Blood -LRB- 2016 -RRB- . ", "Julie McWhirter -LRB- born October 12 , 1947 -RRB- , also known as Julie Dees and Julie McWhirter-Dees , is an American voice actress and impressionist best known for her work as Jeannie in the animated version of Jeannie and as Bubbles in Jabberjaw . ", "Barbara Harris is an American voice casting director . Harris has been the voice casting director for over 1000 major motion pictures and television programs , including some of the top grossing films of all time . Some of those films include Jurassic Park , Titanic , The Lion King , Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull , The Dark Knight , The Dark Knight Rises , Mission : Impossible - Ghost Protocol , Pirates of the Caribbean : Dead Man 's Chest , Pirates of the Caribbean : On Stranger Tides , The Fate of the Furious , The Matrix Reloaded , The Twilight Saga : Eclipse , Transformers : Age of Extinction , Interstellar , Guardians of the Galaxy and hundreds more . ", "Heidi Van Horne is an American actress , pin-up model and writer . Besides modeling , she has acted in independent films and on several TV series , including ER , The O.C. , and Gilmore Girls and as the prize girl on the revival of The Gong Show with Dave Attell for Comedy Central and Happy Madison Productions . At the age of 14 , she was cast in the film Dazed and Confused by director Richard Linklater . Van Horne acts in indie films , as well as on TV and in commercials , such as starring in one of the popular `` What Happens in Vegas '' ads for the Las Vegas Tourism Board and opposite James Woods and Vince Van Patten for their website , Hollywood Poker.net . She also writes a weekly column for Hearst Publications ' Houston Chronicle and has authored pieces for other publications . ", "Per Samuel Fröler -LRB- born 24 March 1957 -RRB- is a Swedish actor . His break-through was in the TV series Tre Kärlekar in 1989 . He played the protagonist in the soap opera Skärgårdsdoktorn , and has also acted in several films . At the 28th Guldbagge Awards he was nominated for the Best Actor award for his role in The Best Intentions . Fröler did the voice of Shrek when Shrek 2 was dubbed into Swedish . He also had a part in the American film Octane in 2003 . He played one of the leading roles in the 2010 film Pure . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 2 ]

[ "Mike_Friedrich", "Mike_Schmitz", "Jason_Lucash", "Michael_Hesemann", "Mike_Rietpietsch" ]

[ "Mike Friedrich -LRB- born March 27 , 1949 -RRB- is an American comic book writer and publisher best known for his work at Marvel and DC Comics , and for publishing the anthology series Star * Reach , one of the first independent comics . He is also an artists representative . His notable works include runs as the regular writer of DC 's Justice League of America and Marvel 's Iron Man . ", "Fr . Mike Schmitz is an American Catholic speaker , and a priest in the Diocese of Duluth . He has been a speaker for various Catholic programming , including the Fellowship of Catholic University Students leadership summit , Ascension Press , and Stuebenville conferences . Lighthouse Catholic Media publishes many of his talks . ", "Jason Lucash is an American inventor and entrepreneur who founded Origaudio . Lucash is a native of Danville , California and graduated from San Ramon Valley High School before receiving his bachelor 's degree in Managerial Economics from the University of California , Davis . Lucash gained his early work experience at JanSport and Major League Soccer , the latter where he met his current business partner Mike Szymczak . Lucash traveled extensively for both employers and saw the need to create for an eco-friendly way to listen to music on the road . It was in his travels that the idea for OrigAudio came about . His first product called `` Fold n ' Play '' , are foldable speakers made from recycled materials and require zero external power , making the product eco-friendly . These speakers landed Lucash a spot on Time Magazine 's prestigious `` Top 50 Inventions of 2009 '' list . Lucash was featured in the seventh episode of the second season of ABC 's show Shark Tank , where he received an investment from millionaire Robert Herjavec . In 2012 Lucash was named to the OC Metro magazine 40 under 40 list for being one of the most innovative people in Orange County . This same year OrigAudio and Lucash again were featured on the first episode of the third season of ABC 's show ` Shark Tank '' highlighting the exponential growth his company has had since first appearing on Shark Tank . Lucash was named Entrepreneur -LRB- magazine -RRB- 's `` Emerging Entrepreneur of the Year '' for 2012 . In 2013 , Lucash was named `` Young Alumnus of the Year '' by his alma mater the University of California , Davis . Lucash currently is helping grow OrigAudio 's business worldwide as they now have over twenty products under the brand name and are in process of rolling out more . Lucash also travels the globe speaking at conferences , universities , and corporate events . ", "Michael Hesemann -LRB- born March 22 , 1964 in Düsseldorf -RRB- is a German journalist and author . In the late 1980s he became known in Germany as an author of several books on UFOs and extraterrestrial visitors on Earth . Later in his career he turned to topics related to Catholicism . ", "Mike Rietpietsch -LRB- born 26 March 1974 in Eberswalde , East Germany -RRB- is a German former football player . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Baja_1000", "Alistair_Jackson", "2003_Hungarian_Grand_Prix", "Ed_Pearlman", "1935_Isle_of_Man_TT" ]

[ "The SCORE Baja 1000 is an off-road race that takes place in Mexico 's Baja California Peninsula . The 2016 SCORE Baja 1000 is the final round of a four-race series , previous events are the SCORE Desert Challenge , the SCORE San Felipe 250 & the SCORE Baja 500 . The 2016 round will be the 49th SCORE Baja 1000 , occurring from November 16 -- 20 over an 800-mile loop both starting and ending in Ensenada , Baja California , Mexico . The Baja 1000 allows various types of vehicle classes to compete on the same course -- from such small and large bore motorcycles , stock Volkswagen , production vehicles , buggies , Trucks , and custom fabricated race vehicles . The course has remained relatively the same over the years , about every other being either a point-to-point race from Ensenada to La Paz , or a loop race starting and finishing in Ensenada . The name of the event can be misleading as the mileage varies for the type of event -LRB- `` Loop '' of 600 to 850 miles starting and finishing in Ensenada , or `` Point to Point '' also known as the 900 . The first official race started in Tijuana , Baja California , on October 31 , 1967 , and was named the NORRA Mexican 1000 Rally . The course length that year was 849 mi and ended in La Paz , Baja California Sur , with the overall winning time of 27 hours 38 minutes -LRB- 27:38 -RRB- set by Vic Wilson and Ted Mangels while driving a Meyers Manx buggy . From 1967 to 1972 , the race was organized by the National Off-Road Racing Association -LRB- NORRA -RRB- and grew in popularity with ABC 's `` Wide World of Sports '' sending Jim McKay to cover the 1968 event , and attracting new participants like the late Mickey Thompson , Indy 500 winner Parnelli Jones , movie actor James Garner , and Mary McGee , the first woman to compete in the event . By 1971 , major sponsors such as Olympia Brewing Company and Minolta Cameras began to support Parnelli Jones in his Dick Russell designed and Bill Stroppe prepared `` Big Oly '' Bronco and Larry Minor in a similar Stroppe prepared Bronco . In October 1973 , the price for a barrel of crude oil shot up 70 % overnight as the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries -LRB- OPEC -RRB- launched the Arab Oil Embargo . Fearful competitors would abandon the idea of competing and stay home , NORRA abandoned the race -- despite assurances from the Federal government run Petroleos Mexicanos -LRB- Pemex -RRB- fuel prices would remain stable -- and announced they would hold an event in the state of Arizona . It was at that time in history , Baja California governor Milton Castellanos handed over sanctioning of the event to a non-profit Mexican corporation called the `` Baja Sports Committee '' -LRB- BSC -RRB- . BSC renamed the event the `` Baja Mil '' -LRB- Baja 1000 -RRB- and scheduled the race to run on the original dates chosen by NORRA . Though NORRA held a competing event in the United States that same weekend , BSC successfully ran the race from Ensenada to La Paz like the years prior . Unaware of the challenges , BSC found promoting Baja races more difficult than anticipated . Instead of giving up the race , the Mexican government requested help from Southern California Off-Road Enterprises -LRB- SCORE -RRB- in hosting and promoting future Baja races . Through negotiations with Mickey Thompson and his SCORE organization , the Government agreed to give exclusive rights to SCORE to hold Baja races and also reluctantly allowed SCORE to cancel the event for 1974 -LRB- a year where motorsport was curtailed in the United States because of the oil crisis -RRB- . SCORE hired Sal Fish as president and took control of the Baja 1000 from that year on with the Baja 1000 race resuming under new control in 1975 . In 2012 , the racing organization was purchased by Roger Norman and continues to run under his presidency . ", "Alastair `` Ali '' Jackson -LRB- born November 17 , 1988 in Glengormley -RRB- is a Northern Irish racing driver . Jackson raced in the Asian Formula Three Championship in 2006 and finished 3rd in points with four victories , becoming the youngest driver to win in series history . In 2007 he raced in drove part-time in the British Formula Three national class for Räikkönen Robertson Racing and finished 9th in points and made 10 additional starts in the British F3 International Series and competed in the F3 Masters at Circuit Zandvoort and finished 22nd . In 2008 he competed part-time in the British F3 International class and finished 17th in points . After nine races he switched teams from Räikkönen Robertson to Ultimate Motorsport . In 2009 he has signed on to drive for Guthrie Meyer Racing in the Firestone Indy Lights Series . After the first oval race of the season at Kansas Speedway which saw Alistair getting caught in two crashes , severely damaging two cars , one teammate Jesse Mason being involved in a separate hard incident , and second teammate Sean Guthrie being suspended indefinitely for driving too fast through an accident scene and then refusing to respond to the black flag , Jackson left Guthrie-Meyer and signed on with RLR-Andersen Racing for the remainder of the season , however his car failed to appear at the penultimate round of the championship at Chicagoland Speedway , ending his season . His best finish was sixth at Long Beach and he finished 16th in points . ", "The 2003 Hungarian Grand Prix -LRB- formally the XIX Magyar Nagydíj -RRB- was a Formula One motor race held on 24 August 2003 at the Hungaroring , Budapest , Hungary . It was the thirteenth round of the 2003 Formula One season . The 70-lap race was won by Renault 's Fernando Alonso after starting from pole position , becoming at the time the youngest ever driver to win a Grand Prix , beating the previous record of Bruce McLaren . This record lasted for over five years until it was beaten by Sebastian Vettel on 14 September 2008 in the 2008 Italian Grand Prix . It was the first to be held under the newly revamped Hungaroring , with the main straight lengthened and the first hairpin tightened , as well as further alterations near the latter stages of the lap in order to encourage more overtaking . ", "Ed Pearlman is a cofounder -LRB- together with Don Francisco -RRB- of the National Off-Road Racing Association -LRB- 1966 -RRB- , the first exclusively off-road racing organization , and its first president . The inaugurating event of NORRA was `` Mexican 1000 Rally '' , which has become the Baja 1000 . In 1978 he established the Off-road Motorsports Hall of Fame . Ed is an ex-Marine and prior to founding of NORRA he was a florist in San Fernando Valley and a four-wheel-drive buff on weekends . ", "For the 1935 Isle of Man Tourist Trophy , Stanley Woods provided another surprise by moving again , from Husqvarna to Moto Guzzi . The 1935 Junior TT Race provided a Junior TT double win for Jimmie Guthrie at an average race speed of 79.14 mi/h and Norton with a 1-2-3 race win with Walter Rusk and `` Crasher '' White filling 2nd and 3rd places . The 1935 Lightweight TT Race was a debut event for the Italian Omobono Tenni . It was team-mate Stanley Woods that led the 1935 Lightweight TT Race from start-to-finish at an average race speed of 71.56 mi/h followed by Tyrell Smith and Ernie Nott , both riding for Rudge motor-cycles . The 1935 Senior TT Race was postponed to the next day due to poor weather . Despite the delay , the race produced one of the most dramatic TT races . The race was led away by Jimmie Guthrie at number 1 while Stanley Woods starting at number 30 had a 15 minute wait . By the last lap of the 1935 Senior TT Race , Jimmie Guthrie had built-up a lead of 26 seconds . As the Moto Guzzi pit-attendants made preparations for Stanley Woods to refuel on the last-lap , the Norton pit-crew signalled to Guthrie to easy the pace on the last lap . Stanley Woods riding for Moto Guzzi went straight through the TT Grandstand area without stopping on the last lap and set a new overall lap record of 26 minutes and 10 seconds at an average speed of 86.53 mi/h . Despite the Norton team telephoning the signal-station at Ramsey on the last lap to indicate to Jimmie Guthrie to speed-up the pace , Stanley Woods won the 1935 Senior TT Race by 4 seconds from Jimmie Guthrie in 3 hours , 7 minutes and 10 seconds at an average speed of 84.68 mi/h . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "City_of_Literature", "6-digit_UNESCO_nomenclature", "UNESCO_Collection", "Poets_House", "The_Bridge_Stage_of_the_Arts" ]

[ "UNESCO 's City of Literature program is part of its Creative Cities Network which was launched in 2004 . The Network was born out of UNESCO 's Global Alliance for Cultural Diversity initiative which was created in 2002 . Its aim is to `` promote the social , economic and cultural development of cities in both the developed and the developing world . '' The cities in network promote their local creative scene and conform to UNESCO 's goal of fostering cultural diversity . ", "UNESCO Nomenclature -LRB- more properly UNESCO nomenclature for fields of science and technology -RRB- is a system developed by UNESCO for classification of research papers and doctoral dissertations . There are three versions of the system , offering different levels of refinement through 2 - , 4 - , and 6-digit codes . ", "UNESCO Collection is a world music record label , under the aegis of UNESCO . The full title of the series was UNESCO Collection of Traditional Music of the World . Starting in 1961 , the label , created in collaboration with Alain Daniélou , has recorded and issued recordings of traditional world music . Its recording activity was mainly in the 1960s and 1970s . It was composed of a number of subseries of recordings : Musical Sources -LRB- Philips 6586 001 -- Philips 6586 045 -RRB- , Musical Atlas -LRB- EMI/Odeon -RRB- , A Musical Anthology of the Orient -LRB- Bärenreiter / Musicaphon BM 30 2001 -- BM 30 2032 -RRB- , An Anthology of African Music -LRB- Bärenreiter / Musicaphon BM 30 2301 -- BM 30 2314 -RRB- , and An Anthology of North Indian Classical Music -LRB- Bärenreiter / Musicaphon BM 30 SL 2051 -- BM 30 SL 2054 ; reissued by Rounder as CD 5101-5104 . -RRB- It was a pioneer in documenting authentic , traditional world music . From the 1990s , titles were reissued by Naïve / Auvidis under new subcollections , as well as some new issues and compilations . However , the partnership with Naïve / Auvidis ended in 2005 . Recently some titles have been reissued by Rounder Records . From 2014 to 2015 , Smithsonian Folkways re-released the portion of the collection formerly released by Naïve / Auvidis , and also released 12 previously unpublished albums . ", "Poets House is a national literary center and poetry library based in New York City . With more than 60,000 volumes of poetry , the library is the premier independent poetry library in the United States . It is free and open to the public . Founded in 1985 by the late Stanley Kunitz , two-time poet laureate of the United States , and arts administrator Elizabeth Kray , Poets House contains virtually all poetry books published in the U.S. since 1990 , plus many that are long out of print dating to the early 20th Century . It also contains literary journals and chapbooks -LRB- small , self-published books of poetry -RRB- , and many audiotapes , videotapes , CDs , and DVDs of poetry readings from the mid-twentieth century through today . Visitors to Poets House can hear the voices of Walt Whitman , E. E. Cummings , William Carlos Williams , Sylvia Plath and hundreds of other poets . Every year , Poets House hosts the Poets House Showcase , which gathers and displays every book of poetry published in the United States in the preceding year . Poets House also curates and presents hundreds of readings , lectures , panels , symposiums and performances each year . In 1996 , the literary newspaper Poetry Flash called Poets House `` The House That Holds A Country , '' a reference to its dedication to being a caretaker of the nation 's poetic heritage . In 2005 , it was among 406 New York City arts and social service institutions to receive part of a $ 20 million grant from the Carnegie Corporation , which was made possible through a donation by New York City mayor Michael Bloomberg . In 2009 , Poets House moved from its longstanding location in SoHo to an eco-friendly `` green '' building at Ten River Terrace in Lower Manhattan 's Battery Park City . With a long-term lease -LRB- until 2069 -RRB- awarded by the Battery Park City Authority , Poets House has a permanent home for its collection . This new home for Poets House , with interiors designed by architect Louise Braverman , is on two floors covering 11000 sqft with a large children 's room , an exhibition space , a reading room and library , and a program hall that opens onto an extension of Teardrop Park . With views of the Hudson River and the Statue of Liberty , the new Poets House is bordered by Nelson A Rockefeller Park and is in walking distance of numerous subway and bus lines as well as the Port Authority Ferry Terminal at the World Financial Center . A public grand opening of the new facility took place on September 25 and 26 of 2009 . `` For nearly 25 years Poets House has been an anchor for poets and poetry lovers , '' noted Robin Pogrebin in the New York Times . Poets House is free and open to the public . Library hours are Tuesday-Friday , 11am to 7pm , and Saturdays , 11am to 6pm . The Children 's Room is open 11am to 3pm . ", "The Bridge Stage of the Arts , Inc. -LRB- The Bridge -RRB- is an American theater company based in New York City . It was incorporated by its Artistic Director , Avra Petrides , in 1980 ; and has produced American/International music - theater festivals in the South of France -LRB- Languedoc-Roussillon region -RRB- with American musical-theater artists such as Alan Jay Lerner , lyricist and librettist of My Fair Lady , and Betty Comden and Adolph Green screenwriters and lyricists of Singin ' In The Rain . These artists performed and also gave master classes on musical theater to lyricists , librettists , playwrights , composers , directors , and performers from all over the world . In Lower Manhattan The Bridge has presented Performance-Forums in which theater artists collaborate on productions with astrophysicists , philosophers , architects and others working in a variety of disciplines . Also , in Lower Manhattan , The Bridge produced Hart & Hammerstein Centennial Plus One which re-introduced Castle Clinton as a noteworthy performance space . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 2, 2 ]

[ "Vampire_Academy_-LRB-film-RRB-", "Night_of_the_Living_Dead", "Romancing_the_Stone", "I_Am_Legend_-LRB-film-RRB-", "Darren_Aronofsky" ]

[ "Vampire Academy -LRB- also known as Vampire Academy : Blood Sisters -RRB- is a 2014 American fantasy comedy film based on Richelle Mead 's 2007 best-selling novel of the same name , directed by Mark Waters , and scripted by Daniel Waters . The film stars Zoey Deutch , Danila Kozlovsky , Lucy Fry , and Dominic Sherwood in lead roles . It was released in North America on February 7 , 2014 and globally between March and July of the same year . It was distributed in the United States by The Weinstein Company . The film was a failure critically and financially , grossing only $ 15.4 million worldwide against a $ 30 million budget , making the film a box office flop . ", "Night of the Living Dead is a 1968 American independent horror film , directed by George A. Romero , starring Duane Jones and Judith O'Dea . It was completed on a $ 114,000 budget and premiered October 1 , 1968 . The film became a financial success , grossing $ 12 million domestically and $ 18 million internationally . It has been a cult classic ever since . Night of the Living Dead was heavily criticized at its release for its explicit gore . It eventually garnered critical acclaim and has been selected by the Library of Congress for preservation in the National Film Registry , as a film deemed `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . The story follows characters Ben -LRB- Jones -RRB- , Barbra -LRB- O'Dea -RRB- , and five others trapped in a rural farmhouse in Western Pennsylvania , which is attacked by a large and growing group of unnamed `` living dead '' monsters drawing on earlier depictions in popular culture of the ghoul , which has led this type of creature to be referred to most popularly as a zombie . This is the most easily recognized version of the living dead , to the point where people gather in mass quantities for conventions dressed as zombies , complete with makeup and prosthetic limbs . Night of the Living Dead led to five subsequent films between 1978 and 2010 , also directed by Romero , and inspired two remakes ; the most well-known remake was released in 1990 , directed by Tom Savini . ", "Romancing the Stone is a 1984 American action-adventure romantic comedy . Directed by Robert Zemeckis , it stars Michael Douglas , Kathleen Turner and Danny DeVito . The film was followed by a 1985 sequel , The Jewel of the Nile . Romancing the Stone earned over $ 86,572,238 worldwide in box-office receipts . It also helped launch Turner to stardom , reintroduced Douglas to the public as a capable leading man , started Zemeckis ' frequent collaboration with Alan Silvestri , and gave Zemeckis his first box-office success . Decades later , it retains critical acclaim , with an 87 % approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes . ", "I Am Legend is a 2007 American post-apocalyptic horror film based on the novel of the same name , directed by Francis Lawrence and starring Will Smith , who plays US Army virologist Robert Neville . The story is set in New York City after a virus , which was originally created to cure cancer , has wiped out most of mankind , leaving Neville as the last human in New York , other than nocturnal mutants . Neville is immune to the virus and he works to develop a cure while defending himself against the hostile mutants . Warner Bros. began developing I Am Legend in 1994 , and various actors and directors were attached to the project , though production was delayed due to budgetary concerns related to the script . Production began in 2006 in New York City , filming mainly on location in the city , including a $ 5 million scene at the Brooklyn Bridge . It is the third feature-film adaptation of Richard Matheson 's 1954 I Am Legend novel , following 1964 's The Last Man on Earth and 1971 's The Omega Man . I Am Legend was released on December 14 , 2007 , in the United States and Canada , and opened to the largest ever box office -LRB- not adjusted for inflation -RRB- for a non-Christmas film released in the U.S. in December . The film was the seventh-highest grossing film of 2007 , earning $ 256 million domestically and $ 329 million internationally , for a total of $ 585 million . ", "Darren Aronofsky -LRB- born February 12 , 1969 -RRB- is an American filmmaker , and environmentalist . He has received acclaim , and generated controversy for his often surreal , disturbing films . Aronofsky attended Harvard University , where he studied film and social anthropology , and the American Film Institute where he studied directing . He won several film awards after completing his senior thesis film , Supermarket Sweep , which went on to become a National Student Academy Award finalist . Aronofsky 's feature debut , the surrealist psychological thriller Pi , was shot in November 1997 . The low-budget , $ 60,000 production , starring Sean Gullette , was sold to Artisan Entertainment for $ 1 million , and grossed over $ 3 million ; Aronofsky won the Directing Award at the 1998 Sundance Film Festival and an Independent Spirit Award for best first screenplay . Aronofsky 's followup , the psychological drama Requiem for a Dream , was based on the novel of the same name by Hubert Selby , Jr. . The film garnered strong reviews and received an Academy Award nomination for Ellen Burstyn 's performance . After writing the World War II horror film Below , Aronofsky began production on his third film , the romantic fantasy sci-fi drama The Fountain . The film received mixed reviews and performed poorly at the box-office , but has since garnered a cult following . His fourth film , the sports drama The Wrestler , was released to critical acclaim and both of the film 's stars , Mickey Rourke and Marisa Tomei , received Academy Award nominations . In 2010 Aronofsky was an executive producer on The Fighter and his fifth feature film , the psychological horror film Black Swan , received further critical acclaim and many accolades , being nominated for five Academy Awards including Best Picture and Best Director and winning Best Actress for Natalie Portman 's performance in the film . Aronofsky received nominations for Best Director at the Golden Globes , and a Directors Guild of America Award nomination . Aronofsky 's sixth film , the biblically inspired epic Noah , was released in theaters on March 28 , 2014 . Noah grossed over $ 43.7 million during its opening box office weekend , becoming Aronofsky 's highest opening weekend and his first film to open at No. 1 . The film was an international hit , eventually grossing over $ 362,000,000 worldwide . " ]

[ 2, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "Vandals", "Mastigas", "Visigoths", "Huneric", "Theodahad" ]

[ "The Vandals were an East Germanic tribe , or group of tribes , who were first heard of in southern Poland , but later moved around Europe establishing kingdoms in Spain and later North Africa in the 5th century . The Vandals are believed to have migrated from southern Scandinavia to the area between the lower Oder and Vistula rivers during the 2nd century BC and to have settled in Silesia from around 120 BC . They are associated with the Przeworsk culture and were possibly the same people as the Lugii . Expanding into Dacia during the Marcomannic Wars and to Pannonia during the Crisis of the Third Century , the Vandals were confined to Pannonia by the Goths around 330 AD , where they received permission to settle by Constantine the Great . Around 400 , raids by the Huns forced many of the Germanic tribes like the Goths to migrate to the Roman Empire , and fearing that they might be targeted next , the Vandals were pushed westwards crossing the Rhine into Gaul along with other tribes in 406 . In 409 , the Vandals crossed the Pyrenees into the Iberian Peninsula , where their main groups , the Hasdingi and the Silingi , settled in Gallaecia -LRB- northwest -RRB- and Baetica -LRB- south central -RRB- respectively . After the Visigoths invaded Iberia , the Iranian Alans and Silingi Vandals voluntarily subjected to the rule of Hasdingian leader Gunderic , who was pushed from Gallaecia to Baetica by a Roman-Suebi coalition in 419 . In 429 , under king Genseric , the Vandals entered North Africa . By 439 they established a kingdom which included the Roman province of Africa as well as Sicily , Corsica , Sardinia , Malta and the Balearic Islands . They fended off several Roman attempts to recapture the African province , and sacked the city of Rome in 455 . Their kingdom collapsed in the Vandalic War of 533 -- 4 , in which Justinian I managed to reconquer the province for the Eastern Roman Empire . Renaissance and Early Modern writers characterized the Vandals as barbarians , `` sacking and looting '' Rome . This led to the use of the term `` vandalism '' to describe any senseless destruction , particularly the `` barbarian '' defacing of artwork . However , modern historians tend to regard the Vandals during the transitional period from Late Antiquity to the Early Middle Ages as perpetuators , not destroyers , of Roman culture . ", "Mastigas or Mastinas -LRB- Μαστίγας or Μαστίνας , -RRB- was the ruler of the Berbers in Mauretania Caesariensis in the 530s . According to the Byzantine historian Procopius -LRB- De Bello Vandalico , Book II -RRB- , who is the only source on him , Mastigas was an independent ruler who controlled the entire former Roman province except for the capital , Caesarea , which was taken by the Byzantines under Belisarius during the Vandalic War in 533 . ", "The Visigoths -LRB- UK : -LSB- ˈvɪzɪˌɡɒθs -RSB- US : -LSB- ˈvɪzɪˌɡɑːθs -RSB- Visigothi , Wisigothi , Vesi , Visi , Wesi , or Wisi Visigoti -RRB- were the western branches of the nomadic tribes of Germanic peoples referred to collectively as the Goths . These tribes flourished and spread throughout the late Roman Empire in Late Antiquity , or what is known as the Migration Period . The Visigoths emerged from earlier Gothic groups -LRB- possibly the Thervingi -RRB- who had invaded the Roman Empire beginning in 376 and had defeated the Romans at the Battle of Adrianople in 378 . Relations between the Romans and the Visigoths were variable , alternately warring with one another and making treaties when convenient . The Visigoths invaded Italy under Alaric I and sacked Rome in 410 . After the Visigoths sacked Rome , they began settling down , first in southern Gaul and eventually in Spain and Portugal , where they founded the Visigothic Kingdom and maintained a presence from the 5th to the 8th centuries AD . The Visigoths first settled in southern Gaul as foederati of the Romans -- a relationship established in 418 . However , they soon fell out with their Roman hosts -LRB- for reasons that are now obscure -RRB- and established their own kingdom with its capital at Toulouse . They next extended their authority into Hispania at the expense of the Suebi and Vandals . In 507 , however , their rule in Gaul was ended by the Franks under Clovis I , who defeated them in the Battle of Vouillé . After that , the Visigoth kingdom was limited to Hispania , and they never again held territory north of the Pyrenees other than Septimania . A small , elite group of Visigoths came to dominate the governance of that region at the expense of those who had previously ruled there , particularly in the Byzantine province of Spania and the Kingdom of the Suebi . In or around 589 , the Visigoths under Reccared I converted from Arianism to Nicene Christianity , gradually adopting the culture of their Hispano-Roman subjects . Their legal code , the Visigothic Code -LRB- completed in 654 -RRB- abolished the longstanding practice of applying different laws for Romans and Visigoths . Once legal distinctions were no longer being made between Romani and Gothi , they became known collectively as Hispani . In the century that followed , the region was dominated by the Councils of Toledo and the episcopacy . -LRB- Little else is known about the Visigoths ' history during the 7th century , since records are relatively sparse . -RRB- In 711 or 712 , a force of invading African Moors defeated the Visigoths in the Battle of Guadalete . Their king and many members of their governing elite were killed , and their kingdom rapidly collapsed . Gothic identity survived , however , especially in Marca Hispanica and the Kingdom of Asturias , which had been founded by the Visigothic nobleman Pelagius of Asturias after his victory over the Moors at the Battle of Covadonga . During their governance of the Kingdom of Hispania , the Visigoths built several churches that survive . They also left many artifacts , which have been discovered in increasing numbers by archaeologists in recent times . The Treasure of Guarrazar of votive crowns and crosses is the most spectacular . They founded the only new cities in western Europe from the fall of the Western half of the Roman Empire until the rise of the Carolingian dynasty . Many Visigothic names are still in use in modern Spanish and Portuguese . Their most notable legacy , however , was the Visigothic Code , which served , among other things , as the basis for court procedure in most of Christian Iberia until the Late Middle Ages , centuries after the demise of the kingdom . ", "Huneric or Hunneric or Honeric -LRB- died December 23 , 484 -RRB- was King of the -LRB- North African -RRB- Vandal kingdom -LRB- 477 -- 484 -RRB- and the oldest son of Genseric . He dropped the imperial politics of his father and concentrated mainly on internal affairs . He was married to Eudocia , daughter of western Roman Emperor Valentinian III -LRB- 419 -- 455 -RRB- and Licinia Eudoxia . She left him , probably in 472 . She had one son by him , Hilderic . Huneric was the first Vandal king who used the title King of the Vandals and Alans . Despite adopting this style , and that the Vandals maintained their sea-power and their hold on the islands of the western Mediterranean , Huneric did not have the prestige that his father Genseric had enjoyed with other states . ", "Theodahad , also known as Thiudahad -LRB- born 480 AD in Tauresium -- died 536 -RRB- was the King of the Ostrogoths from 534 to 536 and a nephew of Theodoric the Great through his sister Amalafrida . He might have arrived in Italy with Theodoric and was an elderly man at the time of his succession . Massimilliano Vitiello states the name `` Theodahad '' is a compound of ` people ' and ` conflict ' . He arrested Amalaswintha , queen of the Ostrogoths from 526 to 534 , and imprisoned her on an island in Lake Bolsena . Political instability within the Ostrogothic kingdom served as a pretext to Byzantine general Belisarius to intervene in Sicily and Italy , at the service of the Emperor Justinian , causing the Gothic Wars . Witiges ordered him killed , and succeeded him as king . Theodahad had at least two children with a woman named Gudeliva : Theodegisclus and Theodenantha . " ]

[ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ]

[ "Pierce_County,_Washington", "Snowyside_Peak", "Ryan_Peak_-LRB-Idaho-RRB-", "Mount_Hood", "Mount_Rainier" ]

[ "right | thumb | Tacoma -- seat of Pierce County Pierce County is a county in the U.S. state of Washington . As of the 2010 Census , the population was 795,225 , making it the second-most populous county in Washington behind King County . The county seat and largest city is Tacoma . Formed out of Thurston County on December 22 , 1852 , by the legislature of Oregon Territory , it was named for U.S. President Franklin Pierce . Pierce County is in the Seattle metropolitan area -LRB- formally the Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue , WA metropolitan statistical area -RRB- . Pierce County is notable for being home to Mount Rainier , the tallest mountain and a volcano in the Cascade Range . Its most recent recorded eruption was between 1820 and 1854 . There is no imminent risk of eruption , but geologists expect that the volcano will erupt again . If this should happen , parts of Pierce County and the Puyallup Valley would be at risk from lahars , lava , or pyroclastic flows . The Mount Rainier Volcano Lahar Warning System was established in 1998 to assist in the evacuation of the Puyallup River valley in case of eruption . ", "Snowyside Peak , at 10651 ft above sea level is the fifth highest peak in the Sawtooth Range of Idaho . The peak is located in the Sawtooth Wilderness of Sawtooth National Recreation Area at the intersection of Blaine , Custer County , and Elmore counties . It is the highest point in Elmore County . The peak is located 5.1 mi south of Mount Cramer , its line parent . It is the 217th highest peak in Idaho . ", "Ryan Peak , at 11714 ft above sea level is the highest peak in the Boulder Mountains of Idaho . Located in Custer County , Ryan Peak is about 0.5 mi north of the Blaine County border . The peak is also on the border of Sawtooth National Recreation Area and Salmon-Challis National Forest and partially within the Hemingway -- Boulders Wilderness . Ryan Peak is the second highest peak in the Sawtooth National Recreation Area , after Castle Peak as well as the 16th highest peak in Idaho . Kent Peak , which is the second highest peak in the Boulder Mountains is about 0.75 mi southeast of Ryan Peak . The primary route to Ryan Peak begins north of Ketchum along Idaho State Highway 75 at the Sawtooth National Recreation Area headquarters . Take national forest road 146 north from the headquarters until you reach the trailhead at the end of the road . Trail 115 ascends the ridge to the southwest of Ryan Peak , and from the ridge Ryan Peak is about a 1 mi off trail hike from the ridge . ", "Mount Hood , called Wy'east by the Multnomah tribe , is a potentially active stratovolcano in the Cascade Volcanic Arc of northern Oregon . It was formed by a subduction zone on the Pacific coast and rests in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States . It is located about 50 mi east-southeast of Portland , on the border between Clackamas and Hood River counties . In addition to being Oregon 's highest mountain , it is one of the loftiest mountains in the nation based on its prominence . The height assigned to Mount Hood 's snow-covered peak has varied over its history . Modern sources point to three different heights : 11249 ft , a 1991 adjustment of a 1986 measurement by the U.S. National Geodetic Survey -LRB- NGS -RRB- , 11240 ft based on a 1993 scientific expedition , and 11239 ft of slightly older origin . The peak is home to 12 named glaciers and snowfields . It is the highest point in Oregon and the fourth highest in the Cascade Range . Mount Hood is considered the Oregon volcano most likely to erupt , though based on its history , an explosive eruption is unlikely . Still , the odds of an eruption in the next 30 years are estimated at between 3 and 7 percent , so the U.S. Geological Survey -LRB- USGS -RRB- characterizes it as `` potentially active '' , but the mountain is informally considered dormant . ", "Mount Rainier -LRB- pronounced : -LSB- reɪˈnɪər -RSB- -RRB- , Mount Tacoma , or Mount Tahoma is the highest mountain of the Cascade Range of the Pacific Northwest , and the highest mountain in the U.S. state of Washington . It is a large active stratovolcano located 54 mi south-southeast of Seattle , in the Mount Rainier National Park . It is the most topographically prominent mountain in the contiguous United States and the Cascade Volcanic Arc , with a summit elevation of 14411 ft. Mt. Rainier is considered one of the most dangerous volcanoes in the world , and it is on the Decade Volcano list . Because of its large amount of glacial ice , Mt. Rainier could produce massive lahars that could threaten the entire Puyallup River valley , and poses a grave threat to the southern sections of the Seattle metropolitan area , a city of over 650,000 people with more than 3.7 million living in its metropolitan area . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 1, 2 ]

[ "Chinatown_-LRB-1974_film-RRB-", "Chinatown_Nights_-LRB-1938_film-RRB-", "Robert_Towne", "Roman_Polanski", "Manorama_Six_Feet_Under" ]

[ "Chinatown is a 1974 American neo-noir mystery film , directed by Roman Polanski from a screenplay by Robert Towne , starring Jack Nicholson and Faye Dunaway . The film was inspired by the California Water Wars , a series of disputes over southern California water at the beginning of the 20th century , by which Los Angeles interests secured water rights in the Owens Valley . The Robert Evans production , a Paramount Pictures release , was the director 's last film in the United States and features many elements of film noir , particularly a multi-layered story that is part mystery and part psychological drama . In 1991 , the film was selected by the Library of Congress for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being `` culturally , historically or aesthetically significant '' and it is frequently listed as one of the greatest films of all-time . At the 47th Academy Awards , it was nominated for eleven Oscars , with Towne winning Best Original Screenplay . The Golden Globe Awards honored it for Best Drama , Best Director , Best Actor and Best Screenplay . The American Film Institute placed it second among mystery films in 2008 . A sequel , The Two Jakes , was released in 1990 , again starring Nicholson , who also directed , with Robert Towne returning to write the screenplay . The film failed to generate the acclaim of its predecessor . ", "Chinatown Nights is a 1938 British science fiction film directed by Toni Frenguelli and starring Harry Agar Lyons , Anne Grey and Robert Hobbs . ", "Robert Towne -LRB- born Robert Bertram Schwartz ; November 23 , 1934 -RRB- is an American screenwriter , producer , director and actor . He was part of the New Hollywood wave of filmmaking . He is best-known for his Academy Award-winning original screenplay for Roman Polanski 's Chinatown -LRB- 1974 -RRB- , which is widely considered one of the greatest screenplays ever written . He also wrote its sequel The Two Jakes in 1990 , and wrote the Hal Ashby comedy-dramas The Last Detail -LRB- 1973 -RRB- , and Shampoo -LRB- 1975 -RRB- , as well as the first two Mission : Impossible films . Towne has also directed various films such as the sports dramas Personal Best -LRB- 1982 -RRB- , and Without Limits -LRB- 1998 -RRB- , the crime thriller Tequila Sunrise -LRB- 1988 -RRB- , and the romantic crime drama Ask the Dust -LRB- 2006 -RRB- . ", "Rajmund Roman Thierry Polański -LRB- born 18 August 1933 -RRB- is a French-Polish film director , producer , writer , actor , and convicted statutory rapist . Born in Paris , his Polish-Jewish parents moved the family back to Poland in 1937 , when he was four . Poland was invaded by Nazi Germany 2 years later , in 1939 , and Polanski spent the next six years of his childhood mostly on his own , trying to survive the ongoing Holocaust . Polanski 's first feature-length film , Knife in the Water -LRB- 1962 -RRB- , made in Poland , was nominated for a United States Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film . He has since received five more Oscar nominations , along with two BAFTAs , four Césars , a Golden Globe Award and the Palme d'Or of the Cannes Film Festival in France . In the United Kingdom he directed three films , beginning with Repulsion -LRB- 1965 -RRB- . In 1968 he moved to the United States and cemented his status by directing the horror film Rosemary 's Baby -LRB- 1968 -RRB- . A turning point in his life took place in 1969 , when his pregnant wife , Sharon Tate , along with four friends , were brutally murdered by members of the Manson Family . Following her death , Polanski returned to Europe and eventually continued directing . He made Macbeth -LRB- 1971 -RRB- in England and back in Hollywood , Chinatown -LRB- 1974 -RRB- , which was nominated for eleven Academy Awards . In 1977 , Polanski was arrested and charged with the rape of a 13-year-old model during a photo session . He subsequently pled guilty to the charge of statutory rape . He was released from prison after serving 42 days , and as part of an apparent plea bargain , was to be put on probation . When he learned that the judge changed his mind and planned to reject the plea bargain , he fled to Paris before sentencing . In Europe , Polanski continued to make films , including Tess -LRB- 1979 -RRB- , starring aspiring actress , Nastassja Kinski . It won France 's César Awards for Best Picture and Best Director , and received three Oscars . He later produced and directed The Pianist -LRB- 2002 -RRB- , starring Adrien Brody , in a World War II true story drama about a Jewish-Polish musician . The film won three Academy Awards including Best Director , along with numerous international awards . He also directed Oliver Twist -LRB- 2005 -RRB- , a story which parallels his own life as a `` young boy attempting to triumph over adversity '' . He was awarded Best Director for The Ghost Writer -LRB- 2010 -RRB- at the 23rd European Film Awards Having made films in Poland , the United Kingdom , France , and the United States , he is considered one of the few international filmmakers . ", "Manorama Six Feet Under is a 2007 Indian thriller film directed and co-written by Navdeep Singh . The film features Abhay Deol , Raima Sen and Gul Panag in the lead roles . The film released on 21 September 2007 . The movie is a neo-noir with an amateur detective in a small sleepy town from Rajasthan who finds himself caught in a web of lies , deceit and murder . This movie is based on Chinatown -LRB- 1974 -RRB- by Roman Polanski , with the basic premise being similar to the original , despite changes in the representation of characters and some key plot points . In a cinema-noir style , the makers of Manorama Six Feet Under acknowledge the inspiration from the original by playing the sequence where Jack Nicholson 's character gets his nose slashed on the main character 's -LRB- Satyaveer -RRB- television . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "Natasha_Lyonne", "Natasha_Palha", "Sonique_-LRB-musician-RRB-", "Natasha_Williams_-LRB-actress-RRB-", "Natasha_Méndez" ]

[ "Natasha Bianca Lyonne Braunstein -LRB- born April 4 , 1979 -RRB- , better known as Natasha Lyonne , is an American actress . She is best known for her role as Jessica in the American Pie series and her appearances in the films Everyone Says I Love You , Slums of Beverly Hills , But I 'm a Cheerleader , and Blade : Trinity . She currently portrays Nicky Nichols in the Netflix series Orange Is the New Black , for which she received a nomination for the 2014 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series . ", "Natasha Palha -LRB- 17 January 1994 -RRB- is an Indian tennis player . She was the Indian National Grass Courts Tennis champion in 2014 . Playing for India at the Fed Cup , Palha has a win-loss record of 2 -- 0 . ", "Sonia Marina Clarke -LRB- born 21 June 1968 -RRB- , better known by her stage name Sonique , is a British singer , musician and DJ . She was the lead vocalist on two S'Express singles , and the majority of the tracks on the group 's second album , Intercourse . She won the 2001 BRIT Award for British female solo artist . She was treated for breast cancer and given the all clear in 2010 . ", "Natasha Williams -LRB- born Roselyn Agatha Williams ; 18 July 1971 -RRB- is a British-based Jamaican actress . Williams is known for playing the role of PC Delia French in the long running ITV drama The Bill . She also played the role of a pharmacist in `` Gridlock '' , an episode of Doctor Who that was broadcast on 14 April 2007 , and appeared in Powers in 2004 . Her film roles include City Rats -LRB- 2009 -RRB- , Silent Cry -LRB- 2002 -RRB- and She appeared in The Story of Tracy Beaker -LRB- 2002-3 -RRB- and made a few guest appearances in the first two seasons of the show and she plays Mrs Batambuze who is Ben Batambuze 's mum . She starred in Out of Order -LRB- 1987 -RRB- , as well as television movies such as Esther where she had the role of Maimuna , the faithful servant of Queen Esther who Louise Lombard played . Other film roles include The Murder of Stephen Lawrence -LRB- 1999 -RRB- and the political satire Giving Tongue -LRB- 1996 -RRB- . ", "Natasha Méndez Bonelly -LRB- born May 29 , 1990 in Santiago de los Caballeros -RRB- is a professional triathlete and road cyclist from the Dominican Republic . She became Dominican Republic national time trial champion in 2016 . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 0 ]

[ "Kevin_Bacon", "The_Woodsman_-LRB-2004_film-RRB-", "Foul_Play_-LRB-1978_film-RRB-", "Norman_Pender", "Raye_Birk" ]

[ "Kevin Norwood Bacon -LRB- born July 8 , 1958 -RRB- is an American actor and musician . His notable films include musical-drama film Footloose -LRB- 1984 -RRB- , the controversial historical conspiracy legal thriller JFK -LRB- 1991 -RRB- , the legal drama A Few Good Men -LRB- 1992 -RRB- , the historical docudrama Apollo 13 -LRB- 1995 -RRB- , and the mystery drama Mystic River -LRB- 2003 -RRB- . Bacon is also known for taking on darker roles such as that of a sadistic guard in Sleepers and troubled former child abuser in a critically acclaimed performance in The Woodsman . Also on television , he starred in the Fox series The Following from 2013 to 2015 . Bacon has won a Golden Globe Award and three Screen Actors Guild Awards , and was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award . The Guardian named him one of the best actors never to have received an Academy Award nomination . In 2003 , Bacon received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contributions to the motion pictures industry . Bacon has become an icon for the concept of interconnectedness -LRB- as in social networks -RRB- , having been popularized by the game `` Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon '' . In 2007 , he created SixDegrees.org , a charitable foundation . ", "The Woodsman is a 2004 drama film directed and co-written -LRB- with Steven Fechter -RRB- by Nicole Kassell , based on Fechter 's play of the same name . The movie stars Kevin Bacon as a convicted child molester who must adjust to life after prison . The movie 's name refers to the woodsman from the fairy tale of Little Red Riding Hood who kills the wolf to save the titular child . ", "Foul Play is a 1978 American comedy mystery-thriller film written and directed by Colin Higgins , and starring Goldie Hawn , Chevy Chase , Dudley Moore , Burgess Meredith , Eugene Roche , Rachel Roberts , Brian Dennehy and Billy Barty . In it , a recently divorced librarian is drawn into a mystery when a stranger hides a roll of film in a pack of cigarettes and gives it to her for safekeeping . The film inspired an ABC television series starring Barry Bostwick and Deborah Raffin that aired in early 1981 , and was cancelled after six episodes . ", "Norman Ewart Ker Pender -LRB- born 1 February 1948 -RRB- is a Scottish former international rugby union player . He played club rugby for Hawick and earned four caps for Scotland . He was charged with rape in October 2013 , and was found guilty of three charges of lewd and libidinous behavior , and one charge of sexual assault in December 2013 . The rape charge was not proven . ", "Raye Birk -LRB- born May 27 , 1943 , Flint , Michigan -RRB- is an American film and television actor best known for playing the role of Papshmir in the first and last of the Naked Gun movies . He was the main villain in Naked Gun 33 : The Final Insult . He has also starred in Due South as the terrorist Francis Bolt in the Episodes `` All the Queens Horses '' , `` Red , White and Blue '' , `` Call of the Wild Part One '' and `` Call of the Wild Part Two '' . He also had roles in the X-Files and Babylon 5 . His other film credits include roles in Best Defense -LRB- 1984 -RRB- , Amazon Women on the Moon -LRB- 1987 -RRB- , Throw Momma from the Train -LRB- 1987 -RRB- , Doc Hollywood -LRB- 1991 -RRB- and Star Trek : Insurrection -LRB- 1998 -RRB- . In addition to these roles , he had a frequently occurring role as the principal on The Wonder Years ; starting with the pilot episode , when he had a conference with Kevin Arnold 's parents for throwing food in the cafeteria . He was also on a pair of Home Improvement episodes as one of Tim 's poker buddies . In 1991 Raye appeared on the TV series Night Court as Frank Pepitone . He has appeared twice on The Golden Girls , both times playing a wedding caterer . Furthermore , in 1985 , 1986 and 1992 , he appeared on three episodes of Cheers as Walt Twitchell , a mailman who got into minor altercations with Cliff Clavin . Birk reprised the role of Twitchell in a 2002 episode of the Cheers spinoff series , Frasier , in which the title character -LRB- played by Kelsey Grammer -RRB- returned to Boston and re-acquainted himself with old friends from the bar . He played a recurring role on Coach as Riley Pringle from 1989 to 1993 . He also appeared in an episode of Mr. Belvedere as an accordion player . In 2004 -- 2008 , he played Ebenezer Scrooge in A Christmas Carol at the Guthrie Theater in Minneapolis . " ]

[ 1, 1, 0, 0, 1 ]

[ "Brat_Pack_-LRB-actors-RRB-", "Tanner_Hall_-LRB-film-RRB-", "Coming_of_age", "Adrien_Brody", "Convoy_Buddies" ]

[ "The Brat Pack is a nickname given to a group of young actors who frequently appeared together in teen-oriented coming-of-age films in the 1980s . First mentioned in a 1985 New York magazine article , it is now usually defined as the cast members of two specific films released in 1985 -- The Breakfast Club and St. Elmo 's Fire -- although other actors are sometimes included . The `` core '' members are considered to be Emilio Estevez , Anthony Michael Hall , Rob Lowe , Andrew McCarthy , Demi Moore , Judd Nelson , Molly Ringwald , and Ally Sheedy . ", "Tanner Hall is a 2009 independent drama film about four girls having their coming-of-age in boarding school . It was written and directed by Tatiana von Fürstenberg and Francesca Gregorini . It stars Rooney Mara , Georgia King , Brie Larson , Amy Ferguson , Tom Everett Scott , Amy Sedaris , Chris Kattan , and Shawn Pyfrom . ", "Coming of age is a young person 's transition from being a child to being an adult . The certain age at which this transition takes place changes in society , as does the nature of the change . It can be a simple legal convention or can be part of a ritual or spiritual event , as practiced by many societies . In the past , and in some societies today , such a change is associated with the age of sexual maturity -LRB- early adolescence -RRB- , especially menarche and spermarche . In others , it is associated with an age of religious responsibility . Particularly in western societies , modern legal conventions which stipulate points in late adolescence or early adulthood -LRB- most commonly 18-21 when adolescents are generally no longer considered minors and are granted the full rights and responsibilities of an adult -RRB- are the focus of the transition . In either case , many cultures retain ceremonies to confirm the coming of age , and significant benefits come with the change . Coming of age is often a topic of fiction , in the form of a coming-of-age story . In written literature , a novel which deals with the psychological and moral growth often associated with coming of age is sometimes called a bildungsroman . Similar stories that are told in film are called coming-of-age films . ", "Adrien Brody -LRB- born April 14 , 1973 -RRB- is an American actor . He received widespread recognition and acclaim after starring in Roman Polanski 's The Pianist -LRB- 2002 -RRB- , for which he won the Academy Award for Best Actor at age 29 , making him the youngest actor to win in that category . Brody is also the only male American actor to receive the French César Award . Other successful films that Brody has starred in are Bread and Roses , the 2005 version of King Kong , The Village , Predators , New York Stories , and The Thin Red Line . He is a frequent collaborator of Wes Anderson 's and has starred in two of Anderson 's films . Both of these films , The Grand Budapest Hotel and The Darjeeling Limited , were major successes . ", "Convoy Buddies -LRB- Simone e Matteo - Un gioco da ragazzi , Simón y Mateo , also known as Kid Stuff -RRB- is a 1975 Italian-Spanish adventure-comedy film directed by Giuliano Carnimeo and starring Michael Coby and Paul L. Smith . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Faye_Resnick", "Reva_Shayne", "Abdoulaye_Faye", "Vicki_Mabrey", "Elisha_Cuthbert" ]

[ "Faye Denise Resnick -LRB- born July 3 , 1957 -RRB- is an American television personality , author , and interior designer . She is best known for her involvement in the O. J. Simpson murder trial and for her appearance on the reality television series The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills . ", "Reva Shayne is a fictional character on the long-running CBS daytime soap opera Guiding Light played by four-time Daytime Emmy Award winner Kim Zimmer from November 28 , 1983 to July 1990 and April 14 , 1995 until the show 's final episode on September 18 , 2009 . Zimmer has become such a celebrated performer that she is often considered to be an `` icon '' in the daytime drama industry . ", "Abdoulaye Diagne-Faye -LRB- born 26 February 1978 -RRB- , known as Abdoulaye Faye , is a Senegalese former footballer who played as a defender . Faye began his career playing for ASEC Ndiambour and Jeanne d'Arc in his native Senegal before moving to French side Lens in 2002 . After spending time out on loan at Istres he attracted the attentions of Sam Allardyce who signed him for Bolton Wanderers in July 2005 . After two seasons at Bolton he followed Allardyce to Newcastle United where he spent one season before joining Stoke City in August 2008 for # 2.25 million . Faye became a popular player at the Britannia Stadium in 2008 -- 2009 as he won the player of the year and was named captain by Tony Pulis for the 2009 -- 2010 season . He lost the capacity to Ryan Shawcross for 2010 -- 2011 and then had a third spell working with Allardyce at West Ham United . Faye helped the Hammers gain promotion to the Premier League in 2011 -- 12 before joining Hull City where he was again involved in a promotion winning season in 2012 -- 13 before being released at the end of the 2013 -- 14 season . ", "Vicki Mabrey -LRB- born April 3 , 1956 in St. Louis , Missouri -RRB- is an ABC News Nightline correspondent . Mabrey was a CBS News 60 Minutes II correspondent from 1999 to 2005 . Previously , she worked as a reporter for WBAL-TV , in Baltimore , Maryland , for eight years . Mabrey has received four Emmy Awards : two in 1997 for her reporting on the death of Princess Diana , and two in 1996 for her coverage of the Atlanta Olympic bombing and the crash of TWA flight 800 . ", "Elisha Ann Cuthbert -LRB- born November 30 , 1982 -RRB- is a Canadian actress and model . She became known for playing Kim Bauer in the series 24 , Darcie Goldberg in the college comedy Old School , Danielle in the teen comedy film The Girl Next Door , and Carly Jones in the 2005 remake of House of Wax . In 2013 , Maxim magazine named her `` TV 's most beautiful woman '' . At the age of 14 , Cuthbert made her feature film debut in the 1997 family-drama Dancing on the Moon . Her first major lead role came in the 1998 drama film Airspeed -LRB- No Control -RRB- alongside Joe Mantegna . In 2001 , she starred in the movie Lucky Girl , in which she received her first award , the Gemini Awards , but her career began in earnest in the 2000s when she played Kim Bauer , daughter of Jack Bauer in the action series 24 . Subsequently , Cuthbert appeared in the lead role in the films The Quiet -LRB- 2005 -RRB- and Captivity -LRB- 2007 -RRB- . From 2011 to 2013 , Cuthbert starred as Alex Kerkovich in the three seasons of the ABC comedy Happy Endings . " ]

[ 2, 2, 0, 2, 2 ]

[ "Dark_matter", "ZEPLIN-III", "Magnetospheric_eternally_collapsing_object", "Moore_Center_for_Theoretical_Cosmology_and_Physics", "Quantum_chromodynamics" ]

[ "Dark matter is a hypothetical type of matter distinct from baryonic matter -LRB- ordinary matter such as protons and neutrons -RRB- , neutrinos and dark energy . The existence of dark matter would explain a number of otherwise puzzling astronomical observations . The name refers to the fact that it does not emit or interact with electromagnetic radiation , such as light , and is thus invisible to the entire electromagnetic spectrum . Although dark matter has not been directly observed , its existence and properties are inferred from its gravitational effects such as the motions of visible matter , gravitational lensing , its influence on the universe 's large-scale structure , on galaxies , and its effects in the cosmic microwave background . The standard model of cosmology indicates that the total mass -- energy of the universe contains 4.9 % ordinary matter , 26.8 % dark matter and 68.3 % dark energy . Thus , dark matter constitutes 84.5 % Since dark energy , by convention , does not count as `` matter '' , this is 26.8 / -LRB- 4.9 + 26.8 -RRB- = 0.845 of total mass , while dark energy plus dark matter constitute 95.1 % of total mass -- energy content . The great majority of ordinary matter in the universe is also unseen , since visible stars and gas inside galaxies and clusters account for less than 10 % of the ordinary matter contribution to the mass-energy density of the universe . The most widely accepted hypothesis on the form for dark matter is that it is composed of weakly interacting massive particles -LRB- WIMPs -RRB- that interact only through gravity and the weak force . The dark matter hypothesis plays a central role in current modeling of cosmic structure formation and galaxy formation and evolution and on explanations of the anisotropies observed in the cosmic microwave background -LRB- CMB -RRB- . All these lines of evidence suggest that galaxies , galaxy clusters , and the universe as a whole contain far more matter than that which is observable via electromagnetic signals . Many experiments to detect proposed dark matter particles through non-gravitational means are under way ; however , no dark matter particle has been conclusively identified . Although the existence of dark matter is generally accepted by most of the astronomical community , a minority of astronomers , motivated by the lack of conclusive identification of dark matter , argue for various modifications of the standard laws of general relativity , such as MOND , TeVeS , and conformal gravity that attempt to account for the observations without invoking additional matter . ", "The ZEPLIN-III dark matter experiment attempted to detect galactic WIMPs using a 12 kg liquid xenon target . It operated at the Boulby Underground Laboratory -LRB- North-East England , UK -RRB- in the period 2006 -- 2011 . This was the last in a series of xenon-based experiments in the ZEPLIN programme pursued originally by the UK Dark Matter Collaboration -LRB- UKDMC -RRB- . The ZEPLIN-III project was led by Imperial College London and also included the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory and Edinburgh University in the UK , as well as LIP-Coimbra in Portugal and ITEP-Moscow in Russia . It ruled out cross-sections for elastic scattering of WIMPs off nucleons above 3.9 × 10 − 8 pb -LRB- 3.9 × 10 − 44 cm2 -RRB- from the two science runs conducted at Boulby -LRB- 83 days in 2008 and 319 days in 2010/11 -RRB- . Direct dark matter search experiments look for extremely rare and very weak collisions expected to occur between the cold dark matter particles that are believed to permeate our galaxy and the nuclei of atoms in the active medium of a radiation detector . These hypothetical elementary particles could be Weakly Interacting Massive Particles , or WIMPs , weighing as little as a few protons or as much as several heavy nuclei . Their nature is not yet known , but no sensible candidates remain within the Standard Model of particle physics to explain the dark matter problem . ", "Magnetospheric eternally collapsing object -LRB- MECO -RRB- is an alternative model for black hole proposed in 2003 by Darryl Leiter and Stanley Robertson . It is a variant of the eternally collapsing object -LRB- ECO -RRB- proposed by Abhas Mitra in 1998 . His peer reviewed paper published in Journal of Mathematical Physics of the American Institute of Physics supports this contention that the so-called black holes should be ECOs by showing that true Schwarzschild black holes have gravitational mass M = 0 . He argues that -LRB- i -RRB- The so-called massive Black Hole Candidates -LRB- BHCs -RRB- must be quasi-black holes rather than exact black holes and -LRB- ii -RRB- During preceding gravitational collapse , entire mass energy and angular momentum of the collapsing objects must be radiated away before formation of exact mathematical black holes . And since the formation of a mathematical zero-mass black hole requires infinite proper time , continued gravitational collapse becomes eternal , and the so-called black hole candidates must be eternally collapsing objects -LRB- ECOs -RRB- . For physical realization of this , he argued that in an extremely relativistic regime , continued collapse must be slowed to a near halt by radiation pressure at the Eddington limit . A proposed observable difference between MECOs and black holes is that a MECO can produce its own intrinsic magnetic field . An uncharged black hole can not produce its own magnetic field , though its accretion disc can . ", "The Moore Center for Theoretical Cosmology and Physics -LRB- CTCP -RRB- is a think tank for research into the nature of the universe on cosmological and nanoscales . Their research involves studies `` from the beginning of time to the ongoing dynamics of dark matter , galaxies , and stars . '' Marc Kamionkowski was one of the founding Directors in 2006 . Current director is Mark B. Wise The Center is physically located inside the Lauritsen and Cahill buildings on the Caltech campus in Pasadena , California . ", "In theoretical physics , quantum chromodynamics -LRB- QCD -RRB- is the theory of strong interactions , a fundamental force describing the interactions between quarks and gluons , which make up hadrons such as the proton , neutron and pion . QCD is a type of quantum field theory called a non-abelian gauge theory with symmetry group SU -LRB- 3 -RRB- . The QCD analog of electric charge is a property called color . Gluons are the force carrier of the theory , like photons are for the electromagnetic force in quantum electrodynamics . The theory is an important part of the Standard Model of particle physics . A large body of experimental evidence for QCD has been gathered over the years . QCD enjoys two peculiar properties : Confinement , which means that the force between quarks does not diminish as they are separated . Because of this , when you do separate a quark from other quarks , the energy in the gluon field is enough to create another quark pair ; they are thus forever bound into hadrons such as the proton and the neutron or the pion and kaon . Although analytically unproven , confinement is widely believed to be true because it explains the consistent failure of free quark searches , and it is easy to demonstrate in lattice QCD . Asymptotic freedom , which means that in very high-energy reactions , quarks and gluons interact very weakly creating a quark -- gluon plasma . This prediction of QCD was first discovered in the early 1970s by David Politzer , Frank Wilczek and David Gross . For this work they were awarded the 2004 Nobel Prize in Physics . The phase transition temperature between these two properties has been measured by the ALICE experiment to be well above 160 MeV . Below this temperature , confinement is dominant , while above it , asymptotic freedom becomes dominant . " ]

[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "The_SpongeBob_SquarePants_Movie", "SpongeBob_SquarePants", "SpongeBob_SquarePants_-LRB-character-RRB-", "SpongeBob_SquarePants_-LRB-season_10-RRB-", "Dunces_and_Dragons" ]

[ "The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie is a 2004 American animated adventure comedy film based on the Nickelodeon television series SpongeBob SquarePants . The film was directed by series creator Stephen Hillenburg and starred the series ' cast of Tom Kenny , Bill Fagerbakke , Clancy Brown , Rodger Bumpass and Mr. Lawrence , with guest performances by Scarlett Johansson , Jeffrey Tambor , Alec Baldwin and David Hasselhoff . It was produced by Hillenburg 's production company United Plankton Pictures and Nickelodeon Movies , it was distributed by Paramount Pictures and also it was first film in the SpongeBob SquarePants film series . In the film , Plankton devises a plan to steal King Neptune 's crown and send it to Shell City , and SpongeBob and Patrick must retrieve the crown to save Mr. Krabs from King Neptune 's wrath and Bikini Bottom from Plankton 's plan . Previous offers by Paramount Pictures for a film adaptation of SpongeBob SquarePants had been rejected by Stephen Hillenburg , but he eventually accepted one offer in 2002 . A writing team consisting of Hillenburg , Paul Tibbitt , Derek Drymon , Aaron Springer , Kent Osborne and Tim Hill was assembled , conceiving the idea of a mythical hero 's quest and the search for a stolen crown , which would bring SpongeBob and Patrick to the surface . The film was originally intended as the series finale , but Nickelodeon ordered more episodes of the series as the series had become increasingly profitable , so Hillenburg resigned as showrunner , with Tibbitt taking Hillenburg 's place . The film was promoted immensely by Paramount and Nickelodeon , with tie-in promotions made by 7-Eleven , the Cayman Islands and Burger King , which decorated various of its franchises with 9 ft SpongeBob inflatable figures . The film was a box office success and grossed $ 85 million in the United States and $ 140 million worldwide , and received generally positive reviews from critics . A stand-alone sequel titled The SpongeBob Movie : Sponge Out of Water was released on February 6 , 2015 , and a third film is scheduled for release on August 2 , 2019 . ", "SpongeBob SquarePants is an American animated television series created by marine biologist and animator Stephen Hillenburg for Nickelodeon . The series chronicles the adventures and endeavors of the title character and his various friends in the fictional underwater city of Bikini Bottom . The series ' popularity has made it a media franchise , as well as the highest rated series to ever air on Nickelodeon , and the most distributed property of MTV Networks . As of 2015 , the media franchise has generated $ 12 billion in merchandising revenue for Nickelodeon . Many of the ideas for the series originated in an unpublished educational comic book titled The Intertidal Zone , which Hillenburg created in 1989 . He began developing SpongeBob SquarePants into a television series in 1996 upon the cancellation of Rocko 's Modern Life , and turned to Tom Kenny , who had worked with him on that series , to voice the title character . SpongeBob was originally going to be named SpongeBoy , and the series was to be called SpongeBoy Ahoy ! , but these were both changed , as the name was already trademarked . Nickelodeon held a preview for the series in the United States on May 1 , 1999 , following the television airing of the 1999 Kids ' Choice Awards . The series officially premiered on July 17 , 1999 . It has received worldwide critical acclaim since its premiere and gained enormous popularity by its second season . A feature film , The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie , was released in theaters on November 19 , 2004 , and a sequel was released on February 6 , 2015 . On October 15 , 2016 , the series began airing its current tenth season , beginning with the episode `` Whirly Brains '' . In May 2017 , the show was announced to be renewed for a 12th season . The series has won a variety of awards , including six Annie Awards , eight Golden Reel Awards , two Emmy Awards , 12 Kids ' Choice Awards , and two BAFTA Children 's Awards . Despite its widespread popularity , the series has been involved in several public controversies , including one centered on speculation over SpongeBob 's intended sexual orientation , and another focusing on the perceived declining quality of the show 's content since the release of the first film . In 2011 , a newly described species of fungi , Spongiforma squarepantsii , was named after the cartoon 's title character . ", "SpongeBob SquarePants is the titular character and protagonist of the American animated television series of the same name . He is voiced by actor and comedian Tom Kenny , and first appeared on television in the series ' pilot episode on May 1 , 1999 . SpongeBob SquarePants was created and designed by cartoonist and marine biologist Stephen Hillenburg shortly after the cancellation of Rocko 's Modern Life in 1996 . Hillenburg intended to create a series about an over-optimistic sponge that annoys other characters . Hillenburg compared the concept to Laurel and Hardy and Pee-wee Herman . As he drew the character , he decided that a `` squeaky-clean square '' -LRB- like a kitchen sponge -RRB- fit the concept . His name is derived from `` Bob the Sponge '' , the host of Hillenburg 's comic strip The Intertidal Zone that he originally drew in the 1980s while teaching marine biology to visitors of the Ocean Institute . SpongeBob is a naïve and goofy sea sponge who works as a fry cook in the fictional underwater town of Bikini Bottom . The character has received positive critical response from media critics and achieved popularity with both children and adults , though he has been involved in public controversy . SpongeBob appeared in a We Are Family Foundation video promoting tolerance , which was criticized by James Dobson of Focus on the Family because of the foundation 's link to homosexuality . ", "The tenth season of the American animated television series SpongeBob SquarePants , created by former marine biologist and animator Stephen Hillenburg , began airing on Nickelodeon in the United States on October 15 , 2016 . It opened with the episode `` Whirly Brains '' and is scheduled to conclude with `` Feral Friends '' and `` Do n't Wake Patrick '' . The series chronicles the exploits and adventures of the title character and his various friends in the fictional underwater city of Bikini Bottom . The season was executive produced by series creator Hillenburg and was the first season of the show not to involve long-time crew member and former showrunner Paul Tibbitt . The showrunners for this season were Marc Ceccarelli and Vincent Waller , who also acted as supervising producers . It is the shortest season , containing 11 episodes instead of the usual 26-episode length . The show received several accolades during the run of its tenth season , including the 2017 Kids ' Choice Award for Favorite Cartoon . The series was also nominated in various international Kids ' Choice Awards ceremonies for the same category . The show received a pending nomination at the BAFTA Children 's Awards for the International category as well . ", "`` Dunces and Dragons '' , also known as `` Lost in Time '' , is the sixth episode of the fourth season and the 66th overall episode of the American animated television series SpongeBob SquarePants . It was written by Zeus Cervas , Erik Wiese and Tim Hill , and the animation was directed by supervising director , Alan Smart and Tom Yasumi . Cervas and Wiese also functioned as storyboard directors . The episode originally aired on Nickelodeon in the United States on February 20 , 2006 as a half-hour special . The series follows the adventures and endeavors of the title character and his various friends in the underwater city of Bikini Bottom . In this episode , SpongeBob and Patrick go back in time . There , they find that Mr. Krabs ' ancestor is the ruler of the kingdom , which is being attacked by Planktonimor , Plankton 's ancestor and an evil wizard . SpongeBob and Patrick , assisted by Squidly , a jester and ancestor of Squidward , and the Dark Knight , Sandy 's ancestor , have to rescue Princess Pearl , ancestor of Pearl and King Krabs ' daughter , who has been captured by Planktominor the wizard . Tie-in promotions were made with Burger King , which released a series of toys based on the episode . `` Dunces and Dragons '' was the most successful of the season , drawing 8.6 million viewers , and was met with positive reviews . It was also elected as the third most-voted episode on the Best Day Ever Marathon , just behind two other episodes from the same season , `` Karate Island '' and `` Wishing You Well '' . " ]

[ 2, 2, 1, 0, 1 ]

[ "Timur", "Timurid_dynasty", "Khalil_Sultan", "Aldhelm", "Redechius" ]

[ "Timur -LRB- تیمور Temūr , Chagatai : Temür , 9 April 1336 -- 18 February 1405 -RRB- , historically known as Amir Timur and Tamerlane -LRB- تيمور لنگ Temūr -LRB- - i -RRB- Lang , `` Timur the Lame '' -RRB- , was a Turco-Mongol conqueror . As the founder of the Timurid Empire in Persia and Central Asia he became the first ruler in the Timurid dynasty . Born into the Barlas confederation in Transoxiana on 9 April 1336 , Timur gained control of the western Chagatai Khanate by 1370 . From that base he led military campaigns across Western , South and Central Asia , the Caucasus and southern Russia , and emerged as the most powerful ruler in the Muslim world after defeating the Mamluks of Egypt and Syria , the emerging Ottoman Empire , and the declining Delhi Sultanate . From these conquests he founded the Timurid Empire , but this empire fragmented shortly after his death . Timur is considered the last of the great nomadic conquerors of the Eurasian Steppe , and his empire set the stage for the rise of the more structured and lasting Gunpowder Empires in the 1500s and 1600s . According to John Joseph Saunders , Timur 's background was Iranized and not steppe nomad . Timur envisioned the restoration of the Mongol Empire of Genghis Khan -LRB- died 1227 -RRB- . `` In his formal correspondence Temur continued throughout his life to portray himself as the restorer of Chinggisid rights . He justified his Iranian , Mamluk , and Ottoman campaigns as a re-imposition of legitimate Mongol control over lands taken by usurpers . To legitimize his conquests , Timur relied on Islamic symbols and language , referred to himself as the `` Sword of Islam '' , and patronized educational and religious institutions . He converted nearly all the Borjigin leaders to Islam during his lifetime . `` Temur , a non-Chinggisid , tried to build a double legitimacy based on his role as both guardian and restorer of the Mongol Empire . '' Timur also decisively defeated the Christian Knights Hospitaller at the Siege of Smyrna , styling himself a ghazi . By the end of his reign , Timur had gained complete control over all the remnants of the Chagatai Khanate , the Ilkhanate , and the Golden Horde , and even attempted to restore the Yuan dynasty in China . Timur 's armies were inclusively multi-ethnic and were feared throughout Asia , Africa , and Europe , sizable parts of which his campaigns laid to waste . Scholars estimate that his military campaigns caused the deaths of 17 million people , amounting to about 5 % of the world population at the time . He was the grandfather of the renowned Timurid sultan , astronomer and mathematician Ulugh Beg , who ruled Central Asia from 1411 to 1449 , and the great-great-great-grandfather of Babur -LRB- 1483-1530 -RRB- , founder of the Mughal Empire , which ruled parts of South Asia for over three centuries , from 1526 until 1857 . Timur is also recognized as a great patron of art and architecture , as he interacted with Muslim intellectuals such as Ibn Khaldun and Hafiz-i Abru . ", "The Timurid dynasty , self-designated as Gurkani -LRB- گورکانیان , Gūrkāniyān -RRB- , was a Sunni Muslim dynasty or clan of Turco-Mongol lineage descended from the warlord Timur -LRB- also known as Tamerlane -RRB- . The word `` Gurkani '' derived from `` gurkan '' , a Persianized form of the Mongolian word `` kuragan '' meaning `` son-in-law '' , as the Timurids being in-laws of the line of Genghis Khan , founder of the Mongol Empire . Members of the Timurid dynasty were strongly influenced by the Persian culture and had established two significant empires in history , the Timurid Empire -LRB- 1370-1507 -RRB- based in Persia and Central Asia and the Mughal Empire -LRB- 1526-1857 -RRB- based in the Indian subcontinent . ", "Khalil Sultan -LRB- Chagatai / خلیل سلطان -RRB- was the Timurid ruler of Transoxiana from 18 February 1405 to 1409 . He was a son of Miran Shah and a grandson of Timur . ", "Aldhelm -LRB- c. 63925 May 709 -RRB- , Abbot of Malmesbury Abbey , Bishop of Sherborne , Latin poet and scholar of Anglo-Saxon literature , was born before the middle of the 7th century . He is said to have been the son of Kenten , who was of the royal house of Wessex . He was certainly not , as his early biographer Faritius asserts , the brother of King Ine . After his death he was venerated as a saint , his feast day being the day of his death , 25 May . ", "Redechius -LRB- Rhydderch mab Arthmael -RRB- was a legendary king of the Britons according to Geoffrey of Monmouth 's History of the Kings of Britain -LRB- 1136 -RRB- . He was preceded by Redon and succeeded by Samuil Penissel . " ]

[ 0, 1, 1, 0, 0 ]

[ "Timur", "Timurid_dynasty", "Khalil_Sultan", "Aldhelm", "Redechius" ]

[ "Timur -LRB- تیمور Temūr , Chagatai : Temür , 9 April 1336 -- 18 February 1405 -RRB- , historically known as Amir Timur and Tamerlane -LRB- تيمور لنگ Temūr -LRB- - i -RRB- Lang , `` Timur the Lame '' -RRB- , was a Turco-Mongol conqueror . As the founder of the Timurid Empire in Persia and Central Asia he became the first ruler in the Timurid dynasty . Born into the Barlas confederation in Transoxiana on 9 April 1336 , Timur gained control of the western Chagatai Khanate by 1370 . From that base he led military campaigns across Western , South and Central Asia , the Caucasus and southern Russia , and emerged as the most powerful ruler in the Muslim world after defeating the Mamluks of Egypt and Syria , the emerging Ottoman Empire , and the declining Delhi Sultanate . From these conquests he founded the Timurid Empire , but this empire fragmented shortly after his death . Timur is considered the last of the great nomadic conquerors of the Eurasian Steppe , and his empire set the stage for the rise of the more structured and lasting Gunpowder Empires in the 1500s and 1600s . According to John Joseph Saunders , Timur 's background was Iranized and not steppe nomad . Timur envisioned the restoration of the Mongol Empire of Genghis Khan -LRB- died 1227 -RRB- . `` In his formal correspondence Temur continued throughout his life to portray himself as the restorer of Chinggisid rights . He justified his Iranian , Mamluk , and Ottoman campaigns as a re-imposition of legitimate Mongol control over lands taken by usurpers . To legitimize his conquests , Timur relied on Islamic symbols and language , referred to himself as the `` Sword of Islam '' , and patronized educational and religious institutions . He converted nearly all the Borjigin leaders to Islam during his lifetime . `` Temur , a non-Chinggisid , tried to build a double legitimacy based on his role as both guardian and restorer of the Mongol Empire . '' Timur also decisively defeated the Christian Knights Hospitaller at the Siege of Smyrna , styling himself a ghazi . By the end of his reign , Timur had gained complete control over all the remnants of the Chagatai Khanate , the Ilkhanate , and the Golden Horde , and even attempted to restore the Yuan dynasty in China . Timur 's armies were inclusively multi-ethnic and were feared throughout Asia , Africa , and Europe , sizable parts of which his campaigns laid to waste . Scholars estimate that his military campaigns caused the deaths of 17 million people , amounting to about 5 % of the world population at the time . He was the grandfather of the renowned Timurid sultan , astronomer and mathematician Ulugh Beg , who ruled Central Asia from 1411 to 1449 , and the great-great-great-grandfather of Babur -LRB- 1483-1530 -RRB- , founder of the Mughal Empire , which ruled parts of South Asia for over three centuries , from 1526 until 1857 . Timur is also recognized as a great patron of art and architecture , as he interacted with Muslim intellectuals such as Ibn Khaldun and Hafiz-i Abru . ", "The Timurid dynasty , self-designated as Gurkani -LRB- گورکانیان , Gūrkāniyān -RRB- , was a Sunni Muslim dynasty or clan of Turco-Mongol lineage descended from the warlord Timur -LRB- also known as Tamerlane -RRB- . The word `` Gurkani '' derived from `` gurkan '' , a Persianized form of the Mongolian word `` kuragan '' meaning `` son-in-law '' , as the Timurids being in-laws of the line of Genghis Khan , founder of the Mongol Empire . Members of the Timurid dynasty were strongly influenced by the Persian culture and had established two significant empires in history , the Timurid Empire -LRB- 1370-1507 -RRB- based in Persia and Central Asia and the Mughal Empire -LRB- 1526-1857 -RRB- based in the Indian subcontinent . ", "Khalil Sultan -LRB- Chagatai / خلیل سلطان -RRB- was the Timurid ruler of Transoxiana from 18 February 1405 to 1409 . He was a son of Miran Shah and a grandson of Timur . ", "Aldhelm -LRB- c. 63925 May 709 -RRB- , Abbot of Malmesbury Abbey , Bishop of Sherborne , Latin poet and scholar of Anglo-Saxon literature , was born before the middle of the 7th century . He is said to have been the son of Kenten , who was of the royal house of Wessex . He was certainly not , as his early biographer Faritius asserts , the brother of King Ine . After his death he was venerated as a saint , his feast day being the day of his death , 25 May . ", "Redechius -LRB- Rhydderch mab Arthmael -RRB- was a legendary king of the Britons according to Geoffrey of Monmouth 's History of the Kings of Britain -LRB- 1136 -RRB- . He was preceded by Redon and succeeded by Samuil Penissel . " ]

[ 0, 1, 1, 0, 0 ]

[ "Timur", "Timurid_dynasty", "Khalil_Sultan", "Aldhelm", "Redechius" ]

[ "Timur -LRB- تیمور Temūr , Chagatai : Temür , 9 April 1336 -- 18 February 1405 -RRB- , historically known as Amir Timur and Tamerlane -LRB- تيمور لنگ Temūr -LRB- - i -RRB- Lang , `` Timur the Lame '' -RRB- , was a Turco-Mongol conqueror . As the founder of the Timurid Empire in Persia and Central Asia he became the first ruler in the Timurid dynasty . Born into the Barlas confederation in Transoxiana on 9 April 1336 , Timur gained control of the western Chagatai Khanate by 1370 . From that base he led military campaigns across Western , South and Central Asia , the Caucasus and southern Russia , and emerged as the most powerful ruler in the Muslim world after defeating the Mamluks of Egypt and Syria , the emerging Ottoman Empire , and the declining Delhi Sultanate . From these conquests he founded the Timurid Empire , but this empire fragmented shortly after his death . Timur is considered the last of the great nomadic conquerors of the Eurasian Steppe , and his empire set the stage for the rise of the more structured and lasting Gunpowder Empires in the 1500s and 1600s . According to John Joseph Saunders , Timur 's background was Iranized and not steppe nomad . Timur envisioned the restoration of the Mongol Empire of Genghis Khan -LRB- died 1227 -RRB- . `` In his formal correspondence Temur continued throughout his life to portray himself as the restorer of Chinggisid rights . He justified his Iranian , Mamluk , and Ottoman campaigns as a re-imposition of legitimate Mongol control over lands taken by usurpers . To legitimize his conquests , Timur relied on Islamic symbols and language , referred to himself as the `` Sword of Islam '' , and patronized educational and religious institutions . He converted nearly all the Borjigin leaders to Islam during his lifetime . `` Temur , a non-Chinggisid , tried to build a double legitimacy based on his role as both guardian and restorer of the Mongol Empire . '' Timur also decisively defeated the Christian Knights Hospitaller at the Siege of Smyrna , styling himself a ghazi . By the end of his reign , Timur had gained complete control over all the remnants of the Chagatai Khanate , the Ilkhanate , and the Golden Horde , and even attempted to restore the Yuan dynasty in China . Timur 's armies were inclusively multi-ethnic and were feared throughout Asia , Africa , and Europe , sizable parts of which his campaigns laid to waste . Scholars estimate that his military campaigns caused the deaths of 17 million people , amounting to about 5 % of the world population at the time . He was the grandfather of the renowned Timurid sultan , astronomer and mathematician Ulugh Beg , who ruled Central Asia from 1411 to 1449 , and the great-great-great-grandfather of Babur -LRB- 1483-1530 -RRB- , founder of the Mughal Empire , which ruled parts of South Asia for over three centuries , from 1526 until 1857 . Timur is also recognized as a great patron of art and architecture , as he interacted with Muslim intellectuals such as Ibn Khaldun and Hafiz-i Abru . ", "The Timurid dynasty , self-designated as Gurkani -LRB- گورکانیان , Gūrkāniyān -RRB- , was a Sunni Muslim dynasty or clan of Turco-Mongol lineage descended from the warlord Timur -LRB- also known as Tamerlane -RRB- . The word `` Gurkani '' derived from `` gurkan '' , a Persianized form of the Mongolian word `` kuragan '' meaning `` son-in-law '' , as the Timurids being in-laws of the line of Genghis Khan , founder of the Mongol Empire . Members of the Timurid dynasty were strongly influenced by the Persian culture and had established two significant empires in history , the Timurid Empire -LRB- 1370-1507 -RRB- based in Persia and Central Asia and the Mughal Empire -LRB- 1526-1857 -RRB- based in the Indian subcontinent . ", "Khalil Sultan -LRB- Chagatai / خلیل سلطان -RRB- was the Timurid ruler of Transoxiana from 18 February 1405 to 1409 . He was a son of Miran Shah and a grandson of Timur . ", "Aldhelm -LRB- c. 63925 May 709 -RRB- , Abbot of Malmesbury Abbey , Bishop of Sherborne , Latin poet and scholar of Anglo-Saxon literature , was born before the middle of the 7th century . He is said to have been the son of Kenten , who was of the royal house of Wessex . He was certainly not , as his early biographer Faritius asserts , the brother of King Ine . After his death he was venerated as a saint , his feast day being the day of his death , 25 May . ", "Redechius -LRB- Rhydderch mab Arthmael -RRB- was a legendary king of the Britons according to Geoffrey of Monmouth 's History of the Kings of Britain -LRB- 1136 -RRB- . He was preceded by Redon and succeeded by Samuil Penissel . " ]

[ 0, 1, 1, 0, 0 ]

[ "Personality", "Schizothymia", "'I'_and_the_'me'", "Agency_-LRB-sociology-RRB-", "Political_ecology" ]

[ "Personality is a set of individual differences that are affected by the development of an individual : values , attitudes , personal memories , social relationships , habits , and skills . Different personality theorists present their own definitions of the word based on their theoretical positions . The term `` personality trait '' refers to enduring personal characteristics that are revealed in a particular pattern of behaviour in a variety of situations . ", "Schizothymia is a temperament related to schizophrenia in a way analogous to cyclothymia 's relationship with bipolar disorder . A schizothymic individual displays a flat affect and a high degree of introversion , withdrawing from social relations generally ; nevertheless , some individuals with this characteristic may be able to achieve relatively affable social relations and a measure of affectivity in some situations . As a kind of temperament , schizothymic personality traits are thought to be more or less innate rather than the result of socialization -LRB- or a lack thereof -RRB- . ", "The I ' and the ` me are terms central to the social philosophy of George Herbert Mead , one of the key influences on the development of the branch of sociology called symbolic-interactionism . The terms refer to the psychology of the individual , where in Mead 's understanding , the `` me '' is the socialized aspect of the person , and the `` I '' is the active aspect of the person . One might usefully ` compare Mead 's `` I '' and `` me '' , respectively , with Sartre 's `` choice '' and `` the situation '' . But Mead himself matched up the `` me '' with Freud 's `` censor '' , and the `` I '' with his `` ego '' ; and this is psychologically apt ' . ", "In social science , agency is the capacity of individuals to act independently and to make their own free choices . By contrast , structure is those factors of influence -LRB- such as social class , religion , gender , ethnicity , ability , customs , etc. -RRB- that determine or limit an agent and his or her decisions . The relative difference in influences from structure and agency is debated -- it is unclear to what extent a person 's actions are constrained by social systems . One 's agency is one 's independent capability or ability to act on one 's will . This ability is affected by the cognitive belief structure which one has formed through one 's experiences , and the perceptions held by the society and the individual , of the structures and circumstances of the environment one is in and the position they are born into . Disagreement on the extent of one 's agency often causes conflict between parties , e.g. parents and children . ", "Political ecology is the study of the relationships between political , economic and social factors with environmental issues and changes . Political ecology differs from apolitical ecological studies by politicizing environmental issues and phenomena . The academic discipline offers wide-ranging studies integrating ecological social sciences with political economy in topics such as degradation and marginalization , environmental conflict , conservation and control , and environmental identities and social movements . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Salman_Rushdie", "A_Russian_Beauty_and_Other_Stories", "Vadim_Panov", "Nikolai_Polevoy", "30_Minutes" ]

[ "Ahmed Salman Rushdie , FRSL -LRB- -LSB- sælˈmɑːn_ˈrʊʃdi -RSB- अहमद सलमान रुशदी , ; born 19 June 1947 -RRB- is a British Indian novelist and essayist . His second novel , Midnight 's Children -LRB- 1981 -RRB- , won the Booker Prize in 1981 and was deemed to be `` the best novel of all winners '' on two separate occasions , marking the 25th and the 40th anniversary of the prize . Much of his fiction is set on the Indian subcontinent . He combines magical realism with historical fiction ; his work is concerned with the many connections , disruptions , and migrations between Eastern and Western civilizations . His epic fourth novel , The Satanic Verses -LRB- 1988 -RRB- , was the subject of a major controversy , provoking protests from Muslims in several countries . Death threats were made against him , including a fatwā calling for his assassination issued by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini , the Supreme Leader of Iran , on 14 February 1989 . The British government put Rushdie under police protection . In 1983 Rushdie was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of Literature , the UK 's senior literary organisation . He was appointed Commandeur de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres of France in January 1999 . In June 2007 , Queen Elizabeth II knighted him for his services to literature . In 2008 , The Times ranked him thirteenth on its list of the 50 greatest British writers since 1945 . Since 2000 , Rushdie has lived in the United States . He was named Distinguished Writer in Residence at the Arthur L. Carter Journalism Institute of New York University in 2015 . Earlier , he taught at Emory University . He was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Letters . In 2012 , he published Joseph Anton : A Memoir , an account of his life in the wake of the controversy over The Satanic Verses . Rushdie was strongly favoured to have received the Nobel Prize in Literature but the Nobel organisers were later quoted as saying that they would have been `` too predictable , too popular . '' ", "A Russian Beauty and Other Stories is a collection of thirteen short stories by Vladimir Nabokov . All were written in Russian by Nabokov between 1923 and 1940 as an expatriate in Berlin , Paris , and other places in western Europe . They appeared individually in the Russian émigré press . Subsequently , they were translated into English by him and his son , Dmitri Nabokov but for the first story which was translated by Simon Karlinsky . The collection was published in 1973 . ", "Vadim Panov is a Russian fantasy and science-fiction writer . He is the author of the seriesTainy gorod -LSB- The Secret City -RSB- , which has been translated into English , as well as the series Anklavy -LSB- Enclaves -RSB- , and Club Moscow . Vadim Panov was born on November 15 , 1972 into a classic military family . His family was frequently relocated and so he attended many different schools . In 1983 , the Panovs moved to Moscow , where , after graduating from school in 1989 , Vadim was accepted into the Moscow Aviation Institute -LRB- MAI -RRB- in the Department of Aircraft Radio Electronics . As a student , he actively participated in the activities of The Mirror , a student theater , where in 1994 the performance of Such Games was staged in 1994 based on his play . It was at MAI that Vadim met his future wife -- Natalia . In 1995 Panov graduated from the Moscow Aviation Institute with a degree in radio engineering . Panov 's literary activity began at the age of 29 in 2001 with the publication of his urban fantasy-urban novel Losers Launch Wars , which initiated the Secret City cycle . According to Panov , `` I enjoying writing books , and I 'm glad that my stories are interesting to many people , because the Secret City was followed by Enclaves and the collection La Mystique De Moscou , a mystical series , which I very much wanted to continue . '' The writer actively engages with his readership by holding regular meetings with readers , participating in numerous interviews , and chatting with fans through the forum on his website . Panov is the father of two daughters , Polina and Irina . During the writing process , his wife , Natalia , is his most incisive critic . ", "Nikolai Alekseevich Polevoy -LRB- Russian Никола́й Алексе́евич Полево́й -RRB- was a controversial Russian editor , writer , translator , and historian ; his brother was the critic and journalist Ksenofont Polevoy and his sister the writer and publisher of folktales Ekaterina Avdeeva . Polevoy was from an old merchant family from Kursk but was born in Irkutsk , where his father was director of a Russian-American company , and lived there until 1811 , when the family moved first to Moscow and then to Kursk . His father , disappointed in his refusal to take up the family business and disapproving of his interest in literature and history , refused to pay for his education , so he taught himself . In February 1820 he moved to Moscow , where he attended both the theater and lectures at Moscow University ; he visited Saint Petersburg and met Alexander Griboyedov , Vasily Zhukovsky , Faddei Bulgarin , and other literary figures , and began a literary career , publishing articles , poems , and translations in the journals of the day . In 1825 he started his own journal , Moskovskii telegraf -LRB- The Moscow Telegraph -RRB- , hoping to attract the writers he admired , like Pushkin , as well as emphasize the positive contributions of the merchant class to Russia . Unfortunately , the aristocrats of the Pushkin circle viewed him as a vulgar parvenu , and his attack on Karamzin 's reactionary History of the Russian State offended many influential people , notably Pyotr Vyazemsky , who had been Karamzin 's ward and whose sister was married to the older historian . When Polevoy wrote his own six-volume History of the Russian People -LRB- 1829 -- 1833 -RRB- , it was savaged by almost everyone . The brilliant and idiosyncratic critic Apollon Grigoryev wrote in his memoirs , `` From our present -LSB- 1864 -RSB- point of view it would be impossible to conceive anything more indecent than the article that the editor of the Moscow Herald -LSB- i.e. , Mikhail Pogodin -RSB- hurled against The History of the Russian People , if the articles -LSB- by Nikolai Nadezhdin -RSB- against it in the old men 's European Herald had not been even more indecent ... The factions do not seem to have been in their right minds thirty years ago . What was the cause of their being so hostile that they foamed at the mouth ? '' Polevoy emphasized that history followed laws and did not depend on the actions of particular individuals ; he also was one of the first to present Russian history as a confrontation between Europe and Asia . Lauren G. Leighton says , summing up the contributions of Nikolai and his brother and collaborator Ksenofont : No one should argue that the Polevoys were comparable in literary taste and talent to the aristocrats of the Pushkin pleiad ; their self-educated , self-made characters are apparent in their journal . But neither should they be denied their great contribution in making leading European thinkers available to the Russian public in Russian , their eminently human liberalism , or their courage in constantly testing -- and outwitting -- the government censor . In 1834 , after competition from both the aristocrats and the plebeians had laid waste to the Polevoys ' finances , The Moscow Telegraph was closed down by the government . The Polevoys spent most of the rest of their lives editing the journals of Bulgarin and Grech.The journal was closed down because of a bad review it gave a play by Nestor Kukolnik ; Bernard Pares tells the story : It must be understood that the vast distances and the thinness of population in Russia practically confined journalistic enterprise to St. Petersburg and Moscow . Even the Moscow journalists were hampered , in comparison with those of St. Petersburg , because it took them longer to guess in which direction the wind of the moment was blowing . Thus in 1834 Polevóy , who had severely reviewed a patriotic play , found , on his arrival in St. Petersburg , that it had pleased the upper society . `` What are you doing ? '' said his protector , the Administrator of Police ; `` you see how they take the play here ; you will have to agree with this opinion , or else you will get yourself into terrible trouble . `` D. S. Mirsky writes , `` But his memory after his death was deservedly reverenced by the new intelligentsia as that of a pioneer and , in a sense , a martyr . '' ", "`` 30 Minutes '' is a song by Russian recording duo t.A.T.u. , taken from their debut English language studio album 200 km/h in the Wrong Lane -LRB- 2002 -RRB- . The song was written by Sergio Galoyan , Martin Kierszenbaum , Ivan Shapovalov and Valeriy Polienko , while production was handled by Kierzszenbaum and Robert Orton . The song was served as the album 's third single off the studio by Interscope Records and Universal Music Russia in June 2003 . A Russian version , entitled `` 30 Minut '' was released in Russia before the English version was created . `` 30 Minutes '' received favorable reviews from music critics , where some critics noted that compared to other ballads , they felt it was delicate and mellow . It was also noted as a highlight to the studio album . The song was a commercial failure , not charting in many music charts worldwide . The song only managed to chart inside the top forty in Romania , however . A music video was taken from the Russian version and edited to fit into the English version , which was then released . " ]

[ 1, 0, 1, 1, 1 ]

[ "Rehab_-LRB-Amy_Winehouse_song-RRB-", "Welcome_Home_-LRB-Rehab_album-RRB-", "Phare", "Sodexo_Justice_Services", "Sudi_Özkan" ]

[ "`` Rehab '' is a song written and performed by English singer and songwriter Amy Winehouse , from her second and final studio album Back to Black -LRB- 2006 -RRB- . Produced by Mark Ronson , the lyrics are autobiographical and address Winehouse 's refusal one time to enter a rehabilitation clinic . `` Rehab '' was released as the lead single from Back to Black on 23 October 2006 , and it peaked at number 7 in the United Kingdom on its Singles Chart and number 9 in the United States on the Billboard Hot 100 , becoming Winehouse 's only top 10 hit in the US . `` Rehab '' has become a critical and commercial success internationally , and has been referred to as Winehouse 's `` signature song '' . It won three Grammy Awards at the 50th ceremony , including Record of the Year , Song of the Year , and Best Female Pop Vocal Performance . It also won an Ivor Novello Award for Best Contemporary Song . Winehouse 's public battle with drug and alcohol addiction , and subsequent death , have contributed to the song 's continuing popularity and appearance in the media . The song has been covered by a list of artists , such as Hot Chip , Lea Salonga , Seether , and the Jamaican Mento band The Jolly Boys . ", "Welcome Home is a 2010 studio album by the American rap rock and Southern rock band Rehab . With the exception of the rap-based songs '' # 1 '' and `` Rideout Chick '' , it is a full album of country type pop ballads in the style of their biggest single , `` Sittin ' at a Bar '' . ", "The Phare programme is one of the three pre-accession instruments financed by the European Union to assist the applicant countries of Central and Eastern Europe in their preparations for joining the European Union . Originally created in 1989 as the Poland and Hungary : Assistance for Restructuring their Economies -LRB- PHARE -RRB- programme , Phare has expanded from Poland and Hungary to currently cover ten countries . It assists the eight of the ten 2004 accession Member States : the Czech Republic , Estonia , Hungary , Latvia , Lithuania , Poland , Slovakia , and Slovenia , as well as those countries that acceded in 2007 -LRB- Bulgaria and Romania -RRB- , in a period of massive economic restructuring and political change . Phare means lighthouse in French . Until 2000 the countries of the Western Balkans -LRB- Albania , Macedonia , and Bosnia-Herzegovina -RRB- were also beneficiaries of Phare . However , as of 2001 the CARDS programme -LRB- Community Assistance for Reconstruction , Development and Stability in the Balkans -RRB- has provided financial assistance to these countries . Following the 1993 Copenhagen Council 's invitation to Central and Eastern European countries to apply for membership , PHARE support was reoriented towards this aim , including a marked expansion of support for infrastructure investment . PHARE 's total pre-accession focus was put in place in 1997 , in response to the Luxembourg Council 's launching of the present enlargement process . Phare funds focus entirely on the pre-accession priorities highlighted in the Road Maps and the Accession Partnerships which establish the overall priorities the country must address to prepare for accession and the resources available to help them do so . The National Programme for the Adoption of the Acquis is the candidate country 's timetable for preparing its accession . It estimates the timing and cost of the steps needed to prepare the country for membership and the implications for staff and financial resources . ", "Sodexo Justice Services -LRB- formerly United Kingdom Detention Services and Kalyx -RRB- , a subsidiary of Sodexo , is a company that provides custodial and post-release facilities for the United Kingdom Home Office . The company changed its name to Sodexo Justice Services in 2011 . As of 2016 subsidiary the company operated 122 prisons in eight countries , including 42 in the Netherlands , 34 in France , and others in Belgium , Italy , Spain , and Chile . In the U.K. Sodexo Justice Services provides services to the Ministry of Justice : particularly design , construction , management and financing of contracts for PFI prisons . In December 2008 , it opened a new prison in West Lothian on behalf of the Scottish Prison Service . Sodexo managed facility HMP Northumberland was featured in BBC Panorama 13.2.17 , highlighting serious mismanagement issues related to widespread illegal substance abuse . Sodexo managed facility HMP Forest Bank alleged ` spice ' epidemic in that facility following on from BBC Panorama report in Manchester Evening News `` The devastated sister of a prisoner found dead in his cell says inmates are being regularly carried out of their cells high on Spice . '' ", "Sudi Özkan is a Turkish businessman known for his interests in the hotel and casino industry . He is alleged to be a billionaire . He had major operations in Turkey in the 1990s before casinos were banned there in 1998 , and in 1996 was considered the biggest name in the Turkish casino industry , ahead of Ömer Lütfü Topal . He lived abroad for a time amidst allegations of tax debts , returning in 2003 after a deal with the authorities . He currently resides in Istanbul as well as St. Martin , a small island in the Atlantic Ocean . He currently owns 34 casinos and 18 first class hotels in 15 countries , and numerous companies with activities in the energy , entertainment and hospitality sectors . He is also well known in Turkey for his contributions in charitable organisations along with donations of schools and hospitals . '' " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Catherine_Keener", "The_Bostonians_-LRB-film-RRB-", "Being_John_Malkovich", "Stacie_Randall", "Get_Out_-LRB-film-RRB-" ]

[ "Catherine Ann Keener -LRB- born March 23 , 1959 -RRB- is an American actress . She has been twice nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her roles as Maxine Lund in Being John Malkovich -LRB- 1999 -RRB- and Harper Lee in Capote -LRB- 2005 -RRB- . Keener also appeared in the films Into the Wild -LRB- 2007 -RRB- , Synecdoche , New York -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , and Get Out -LRB- 2017 -RRB- , which were well received by critics . Keener is the muse of director Nicole Holofcener , having appeared in every work of hers to date . ", "The Bostonians is a 1984 British romantic drama film based on Henry James 's novel of the same name . The film stars Vanessa Redgrave , Christopher Reeve , Madeleine Potter and Jessica Tandy . The movie received respectable reviews and showings at arthouse theaters in New York , London and other cities . Vanessa Redgrave received 1984 Golden Globe and Academy Award nominations for Best Actress , and the movie earned other award nominations for its costume design . It was filmed in Boston , Martha 's Vineyard , Belvedere Castle in Central Park , New York City , and Troy , New York . ", "Being John Malkovich is a 1999 American fantasy-comedy film directed by Spike Jonze and written by Charlie Kaufman , both making their feature film debut . The film stars John Cusack , Cameron Diaz , and Catherine Keener , with John Malkovich and Charlie Sheen as themselves . The film follows a puppeteer who finds a portal that leads into Malkovich 's mind . Released by USA Films , the film was nominated in three categories at the 72nd Academy Awards : Best Director for Jonze , Best Original Screenplay for Kaufman and Best Supporting Actress for Keener . ", "Stacie Randall Jan 5 , 1962 is an American actress , best known for her roles in Puppet Master 4 , Trancers 4 and Tracers 5 , and Excessive Force 2 : Force on Force . Her genres include Action , Science Fiction , Comedy , and Horror . She is currently married to Jack Allocco . ", "Get Out is a 2017 American horror film written , co-produced and directed by Jordan Peele , in his directorial debut . The film stars Daniel Kaluuya , Allison Williams , Lil Rel Howery , Bradley Whitford , Caleb Landry Jones , Stephen Root and Catherine Keener , and follows a young interracial couple who visit the mysterious estate of the woman 's parents . Get Out premiered at Sundance Film Festival on January 24 , 2017 , and was theatrically released in the United States on February 24 by Universal Pictures . The film has grossed $ 241 million worldwide against its $ 4.5 million budget and received universal acclaim from critics and audiences alike . " ]

[ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Aldous_Huxley", "Claire_Nicolas_White", "Hustle_&_Flow", "John_Carter_-LRB-film-RRB-", "Darwin_from_Orchids_to_Variation" ]

[ "Aldous Leonard Huxley -LRB- -LSB- ˈɔːldəs_ˈhʌksli -RSB- 26 July 1894 -- 22 November 1963 -RRB- was an English writer , novelist , philosopher , and prominent member of the Huxley family . He graduated from Balliol College at the University of Oxford with a first-class honours in English literature . He was best known for his novels including Brave New World , set in a dystopian future ; for non-fiction books , such as The Doors of Perception , which recalls experiences when taking a psychedelic drug ; and a wide-ranging output of essays . Early in his career Huxley edited the magazine Oxford Poetry and published short stories and poetry . Mid career and later , he published travel writing , film stories , and scripts . He spent the later part of his life in the United States , living in Los Angeles from 1937 until his death . In 1962 , a year before his death , he was elected Companion of Literature by the Royal Society of Literature . Huxley was a humanist , pacifist , and satirist . He later became interested in spiritual subjects such as parapsychology and philosophical mysticism , in particular universalism . By the end of his life , Huxley was widely acknowledged as one of the pre-eminent intellectuals of his time . He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in seven different years . ", "Claire Nicolas White -LRB- born 1925 -RRB- is an American poet , novelist and translator of Dutch literature . She is a niece of Aldous Huxley and the granddaughter-in-law of architect Stanford White . ", "Hustle & Flow is a 2005 American independent drama film written and directed by Craig Brewer and produced by John Singleton and Stephanie Allain . It was released on July 22 , 2005 . Terrence Howard stars as a Memphis hustler and pimp who faces his aspiration to become a rapper . The film is dedicated to Sun Records founder Sam Phillips . The film won the Academy Award for Best Original Song for Three 6 Mafia 's song `` It 's Hard out Here for a Pimp '' . Howard was nominated for Best Actor . ", "John Carter is a 2012 American science-fiction action film directed by Andrew Stanton from a screenplay written by Stanton , Mark Andrews , and Michael Chabon . The film was produced by Jim Morris , Colin Wilson , and Lindsey Collins , and is based on A Princess of Mars , the first book in the Barsoom series of novels by Edgar Rice Burroughs . John Carter stars Taylor Kitsch in the title role , Lynn Collins , Samantha Morton , Mark Strong , Ciarán Hinds , Dominic West , James Purefoy , and Willem Dafoe . The film chronicles the first interplanetary adventure of John Carter and his attempts to mediate civil unrest amongst the warring kingdoms of Barsoom . Several developments on a theatrical film adaptation of the Barsoom series emerged throughout the 20th century from various major studios and producers , with the earliest attempt dating back to the 1930s . Most of these efforts , however , ultimately stalled in development hell . In the late-2000s , Walt Disney Pictures began a concerted effort to develop a film adaptation of Burroughs ' works , after a previously-abandoned venture by the studio in the 1980s . The project was driven by Stanton , who had pressed Disney to renew the screen rights from the Burroughs estate . Stanton became director in 2009 ; his live-action debut , as his previous directorial work for Disney included the Pixar Animation Studios films , Finding Nemo -LRB- 2003 -RRB- and WALL-E -LRB- 2008 -RRB- . Filming began in November 2009 , with principal photography underway in January 2010 , wrapping seven months later in July 2010 . Michael Giacchino composed the film 's musical score . John Carter was released in the United States on March 9 , 2012 , marking the centennial of the titular character 's first appearance . The film was presented in Disney Digital 3-D , RealD 3D , IMAX 3D , and conventional formats . Upon release , John Carter received a mixed critical reception ; receiving praise for its visuals and action sequences , but criticism towards the characterization and plot . The film performed poorly at the North American box office , but set an opening-day record in Russia . It grossed $ 284 million at the worldwide box office , resulting in a $ 200 million writedown for Disney , against total production and marketing costs of $ 350 million . ", "Between 1860 and 1868 , the life and work of Charles Darwin from Orchids to Variation continued with research and experimentation on evolution , carrying out tedious work to provide evidence of the extent of natural variation enabling artificial selection . He was repeatedly held up by his illness , and continued to find relaxation and interest in the study of plants . His studies of insect pollination led to publication of his book Fertilisation of Orchids as his first detailed demonstration of the power of natural selection , explaining the complex ecological relationships and making testable predictions . As his health declined , he lay on his sickbed in a room filled with inventive experiments to trace the movements of climbing plants . Darwinism became a movement covering a wide range of evolutionary ideas . In 1863 Lyell 's Geological Evidences of the Antiquity of Man popularised prehistory , though his caution on evolution disappointed Darwin . Weeks later Huxley 's Evidence as to Man 's Place in Nature showed that anatomically , humans are apes , then The Naturalist on the River Amazons by Henry Walter Bates provided empirical evidence of natural selection . Lobbying brought Darwin Britain 's highest scientific honour , the Royal Society 's Copley Medal , awarded on 3 November 1864 . That day , Huxley held the first meeting of what became the influential X Club devoted to `` science , pure and free , untrammelled by religious dogmas '' . Admiring visitors included Ernst Haeckel , a zealous follower of Darwinismus in a translation favouring progressive evolution over natural selection . Wallace remained supportive , though he increasingly turned to Spiritualism . The first part of Darwin 's planned `` big book '' , The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication , grew to two huge volumes , forcing him to leave out human evolution and sexual selection . It sold briskly in 1868 despite its size , and was translated into many languages . Darwin 's work on the Descent of Man and Emotions followed after this publication . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Coins_of_the_Swiss_franc", "Bullion_coin", "Ecuadorian_centavo_coins", "Mandats_territoriaux", "Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Obock" ]

[ "The coins of the Swiss franc are the official coins used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein . The name of the subunit is Centime in French , Rappen in German , Centisimo in Italian and Rap in Romansh . There are coins in denominations of 5 centimes , 10 centimes , 20 centimes , 1/2 franc -LRB- 50 centimes -RRB- , 1 franc , 2 francs and 5 francs . In the past , there were also coins of 1 and 2 centimes . ", "A bullion coin is a coin struck from precious metal and kept as a store of value or an investment , rather than used in day-to-day commerce . The United Kingdom defines investment coins more specifically as coins that have been minted after 1800 , have a purity of not less than 900 thousandths and are , or have been , legal tender in their country of origin . Under United States law , `` coins '' that fail the last of these requirements are not coins at all , and must be advertised as `` rounds '' instead . Bullion coins are usually available in both gold and silver , with the exceptions of the Krugerrand -LRB- note in 2017 the first silver Krugerrand was minted -RRB- and the Swiss Vreneli which are only available in gold . The American Eagle series is available in gold , silver and platinum , and the Canadian Maple Leaf series is available in gold , silver , platinum , and palladium . Bullion coins are typically available in various weights . These are usually multiples or fractions of 1 troy ounce , but some bullion coins are produced in very limited quantities in kilograms or heavier . Bullion coins sell for a premium over the market price of the metal on the commodities exchanges . Reasons include their comparative small size and the costs associated with manufacture , storage and distribution . The amount of the premium varies depending on the coin 's type and weight and the precious metal . The premium also is affected by prevailing demand . The ISO currency code for gold bullion is XAU . ISO 4217 includes codes not only for currencies , but also for precious metals -LRB- gold , silver , palladium and platinum ; by definition expressed per one troy ounce , as compared to `` 1 USD '' -RRB- and certain other entities used in international finance , e.g. special drawing rights . ", "Ecuadorian centavo coins were introduced in 2000 when Ecuador converted its currency from the sucre to the U.S. dollar . The coins are in denominations of 1 , 5 , 10 , 25 and 50 centavos and are identical in size and value to their U.S. cent counterparts -LRB- although the U.S. 50-cent coin counterpart is not often seen in circulation -RRB- . They circulate within Ecuador alongside coins and banknotes from the USA . Although U.S. $ 1 coins are rarely used in the U.S. , they are commonly used in Ecuador . Ecuador managed to introduce a $ 1 coin -LRB- Un sucre -RRB- but finally decided to not release in common circulation , only in 2000 coin sets . Ecuador does not issue any banknotes , relying on U.S. issues . ", "Mandats territoriaux were paper bank notes issued as currency by the French Directory in 1796 to replace the assignats which had become virtually worthless . They were land-warrants supposedly redeemable in the lands confiscated from royalty , the clergy and the church after the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789 . In February 1796 , 800,000,000 francs of mandats were issued as legal tender to replace the 24,000,000,000 francs of assignats then outstanding . In all about 2,500,000,000 francs of mandats were issued . They were heavily counterfeited and their value depreciated rapidly within six months . In February 1797 , they lost their legal tender quality and by May were worth virtually nothing . ", "During its time as a French colony , Obock issued its own postage stamps . At first the inhabitants used the general stamps of the French Colonies , but in 1894 they were overprinted with `` OBOCK '' . Later in the year some of these were also surcharged with values from 1 centime to 5 francs . By the end of the year , a supply of the omnibus Navigation and Commerce issues became available , inscribed OBOCK in red or blue . 1893 and 1894 brought the stamps for which Obock is most famous among philatelists : a series of imperforate stamps with simulated perforations , a scalloped line resembling the outline of a perforated stamps , printed all around the design . In addition , the 2-franc and higher denomination stamps are in the shape of a large equilateral triangle . While the low values are relatively common , the triangular stamps are more scarce . Although with the departure of the government from Obock , it is hard to believe that much mail came or went from the little port town , used stamps are no more valuable than unused . Authentic uses on cover are not often seen however . In 1902 stamps issued for the whole French Somali Coast superseded the stamps of Obock . " ]

[ 2, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Pierce_County,_Washington", "Snowyside_Peak", "Dishpan_Gap", "Lake_County,_Montana", "Hummock_Lake" ]

[ "right | thumb | Tacoma -- seat of Pierce County Pierce County is a county in the U.S. state of Washington . As of the 2010 Census , the population was 795,225 , making it the second-most populous county in Washington behind King County . The county seat and largest city is Tacoma . Formed out of Thurston County on December 22 , 1852 , by the legislature of Oregon Territory , it was named for U.S. President Franklin Pierce . Pierce County is in the Seattle metropolitan area -LRB- formally the Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue , WA metropolitan statistical area -RRB- . Pierce County is notable for being home to Mount Rainier , the tallest mountain and a volcano in the Cascade Range . Its most recent recorded eruption was between 1820 and 1854 . There is no imminent risk of eruption , but geologists expect that the volcano will erupt again . If this should happen , parts of Pierce County and the Puyallup Valley would be at risk from lahars , lava , or pyroclastic flows . The Mount Rainier Volcano Lahar Warning System was established in 1998 to assist in the evacuation of the Puyallup River valley in case of eruption . ", "Snowyside Peak , at 10651 ft above sea level is the fifth highest peak in the Sawtooth Range of Idaho . The peak is located in the Sawtooth Wilderness of Sawtooth National Recreation Area at the intersection of Blaine , Custer County , and Elmore counties . It is the highest point in Elmore County . The peak is located 5.1 mi south of Mount Cramer , its line parent . It is the 217th highest peak in Idaho . ", "Dishpan Gap is a meadow in Clehan County of Washington , USA . Its location is near Glacier Peak and White Chuck Cinder Cone . ", "Lake County is a county located in the U.S. state of Montana . As of the 2010 census , the population was 28,746 . Its county seat is Polson . ", "Hummock Lake is an alpine lake in Custer County , Idaho , United States , located in the White Cloud Mountains in the Sawtooth National Recreation Area . The lake is accessed from Sawtooth National Forest trail 683 . Hummock Lake is northwest of Merriam Peak and located in the lower section of the Boulder Chain Lakes Basin . " ]

[ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Aldous_Huxley", "Darwin_from_Orchids_to_Variation", "Claire_Nicolas_White", "A_Sand_County_Almanac", "Allometry" ]

[ "Aldous Leonard Huxley -LRB- -LSB- ˈɔːldəs_ˈhʌksli -RSB- 26 July 1894 -- 22 November 1963 -RRB- was an English writer , novelist , philosopher , and prominent member of the Huxley family . He graduated from Balliol College at the University of Oxford with a first-class honours in English literature . He was best known for his novels including Brave New World , set in a dystopian future ; for non-fiction books , such as The Doors of Perception , which recalls experiences when taking a psychedelic drug ; and a wide-ranging output of essays . Early in his career Huxley edited the magazine Oxford Poetry and published short stories and poetry . Mid career and later , he published travel writing , film stories , and scripts . He spent the later part of his life in the United States , living in Los Angeles from 1937 until his death . In 1962 , a year before his death , he was elected Companion of Literature by the Royal Society of Literature . Huxley was a humanist , pacifist , and satirist . He later became interested in spiritual subjects such as parapsychology and philosophical mysticism , in particular universalism . By the end of his life , Huxley was widely acknowledged as one of the pre-eminent intellectuals of his time . He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in seven different years . ", "Between 1860 and 1868 , the life and work of Charles Darwin from Orchids to Variation continued with research and experimentation on evolution , carrying out tedious work to provide evidence of the extent of natural variation enabling artificial selection . He was repeatedly held up by his illness , and continued to find relaxation and interest in the study of plants . His studies of insect pollination led to publication of his book Fertilisation of Orchids as his first detailed demonstration of the power of natural selection , explaining the complex ecological relationships and making testable predictions . As his health declined , he lay on his sickbed in a room filled with inventive experiments to trace the movements of climbing plants . Darwinism became a movement covering a wide range of evolutionary ideas . In 1863 Lyell 's Geological Evidences of the Antiquity of Man popularised prehistory , though his caution on evolution disappointed Darwin . Weeks later Huxley 's Evidence as to Man 's Place in Nature showed that anatomically , humans are apes , then The Naturalist on the River Amazons by Henry Walter Bates provided empirical evidence of natural selection . Lobbying brought Darwin Britain 's highest scientific honour , the Royal Society 's Copley Medal , awarded on 3 November 1864 . That day , Huxley held the first meeting of what became the influential X Club devoted to `` science , pure and free , untrammelled by religious dogmas '' . Admiring visitors included Ernst Haeckel , a zealous follower of Darwinismus in a translation favouring progressive evolution over natural selection . Wallace remained supportive , though he increasingly turned to Spiritualism . The first part of Darwin 's planned `` big book '' , The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication , grew to two huge volumes , forcing him to leave out human evolution and sexual selection . It sold briskly in 1868 despite its size , and was translated into many languages . Darwin 's work on the Descent of Man and Emotions followed after this publication . ", "Claire Nicolas White -LRB- born 1925 -RRB- is an American poet , novelist and translator of Dutch literature . She is a niece of Aldous Huxley and the granddaughter-in-law of architect Stanford White . ", "A Sand County Almanac : And Sketches Here and There is a 1949 non-fiction book by American ecologist , forester , and environmentalist Aldo Leopold . Describing the land around the author 's home in Sauk County , Wisconsin , the collection of essays advocate Leopold 's idea of a `` land ethic '' , or a responsible relationship existing between people and the land they inhabit . Edited and published by his son , Luna , a year after Leopold 's death , the book is considered a landmark in the American conservation movement . The book has had over two million copies printed and has been translated into twelve languages . It has informed and changed the environmental movement and stimulated a widespread interest in ecology as a science . ", "Allometry is the study of the relationship of body size to shape , anatomy , physiology and finally behaviour , first outlined by Otto Snell in 1892 , by D'Arcy Thompson in 1917 in On Growth and Form and by Julian Huxley in 1932 . " ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "The_Challenge_XXX-COLON-_Dirty_30", "The_Challenge-COLON-_Rivals_III", "2011–13_International_Challenge_Trophy", "Dirty_Vegas_-LRB-album-RRB-", "1985_Challenge_Cup" ]

[ "The Challenge XXX : Dirty 30 is the thirtieth season of the MTV reality competition series , The Challenge . The rumored individual format was filmed in Colombia , with alumni from Real World , Road Rules , The Challenge -LRB- Spring Break Challenge , Fresh Meat II , and Battle of the Bloodlines -RRB- , and Are You the One ? competing . ", "The Challenge : Rivals III is the 28th season of the MTV reality game show , The Challenge . Being the third in the Rivals series , Rivals III marks the show 's third trilogy -LRB- following the Inferno and Gauntlet series -RRB- , continuing on from the original Rivals and Rivals II . It was filmed in Huatulco , Mexico and Mendoza , Argentina during November and December 2015 , with former cast members from MTV 's Real World , The Challenge -LRB- Spring Break Challenge and Battle of the Bloodlines -RRB- , and Are You the One ? competing . This season marks the first since season 11 to not feature any original cast members from the Fresh Meat or Fresh Meat II challenges . Unlike the previous two installments of the Rivals series , which featured same-gender pairs , Rivals III saw a change in format , with male/female pairs that had bitter feuds , fights , or strained relationships in previous seasons of Real World , The Challenge , and Are You the One ? -LRB- similar to the Battle of the Exes series -RRB- . Unlike the other Rivals seasons , only the winning team from each week 's challenge was allowed to decide which team would face the last-place team in the elimination round . The season premiered on May 4 , 2016 , and concluded on August 3 , 2016 , with the Reunion special . Lisa Fletcher replaced longtime Challenge producer Justin Booth as executive producer this season . Booth had served as the executive producer since season 15 . ", "The 2011 -- 13 International Challenge Trophy is the fourth edition of the International Challenge Trophy . ", "Dirty Vegas is the self-titled debut album by British house music trio Dirty Vegas , released in the United States on 4 June 2002 -LRB- see 2002 in music -RRB- . The album was successful in the United States , debuting at number 7 on the Billboard 200 . It would spend 19 weeks on the chart and eventually going Gold . The album also spent 16 non consecutive weeks at number-one on the Billboard Dance/Electronic Albums chart . The album features the radio hit `` Days Go By '' which was also used in a commercial for the Mitsubishi Eclipse and in the video game , DDRMAX2 : Dance Dance Revolution . The album artwork is done by American artist Richard Phillips . ", "The 1985 Challenge Cup was the 84th staging of rugby league 's oldest knockout competition , the Challenge Cup . Known as the Silk Cut Challenge Cup for sponsorship reasons , the final was contested by Wigan and Hull F.C. at Wembley . Wigan won the match 28 -- 24 . " ]

[ 1, 1, 0, 1, 0 ]