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Duplex PCR to detect both Papaya ring spot virus and Papaya leaf curl virus simultaneously from naturally infected papaya ( Carica papaya L.)
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Papaya, a major fruit crop in India and worldwide, is affected by many fungal and viral diseases. A mixed infection of Papaya ring spot virus (PRSV), a linear single-stranded (+) RNA genome of approx 10 kb size, and Papaya leaf curl virus (PaLCV), a bipartite Gemini virus (component A & B) having circular singlestranded DNA (+) genome of about 5.2 kb, has hampered the production and productivity of papaya in many parts of world. Rapid detection techniques are important in prevention of spread of the disease in field conditions. In the present study, a rapid and reliable PCR based detection protocol has been standardized. Sets of primers were designed, based on the respective virus isolate sequence data available in GenBank, to obtain anticipated products of calculated size.
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This paper mainly introduced the development and current principle of seedless watermelon, the research progress and the prospects of herbicide Oryzalin in tetraploid watermelon mutation, the problems of seedless watermelon existed in scientific research and production. The production and scientific research of seedless watermelon were emphasized cultivation, lose sight of breeding improvement usually. Oryzalin was a potent beyond the colchicine chromosome doubling mutagen in many advantages, through plant tubulin affinity, preventing mitosis in plants, and achieving the effect of chromosome doubling. Oryzalin doubling techniques and applications, it became a reality of the factorization, high flux, systematic research and cultivate tetraploid, triploid watermelon. It will bring new breakthrough in breeding technology and varieties and display a wide range of applications.
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eng_Latn
| 232,858 |
Differential Gene Expression in Sugarcane Leaves Regulated by Ethephon during Early Growth Stage
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A study was conducted to investigate differential gene expression in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L. cv. ROC16) leaves subjected to 200 mg L-1 ethephon. cDNA-AFLP amplification showed a high level of polymorphism,and gene expression was significantly different compared with the control. Some sequences of different expression fragments were highly homologous to disease-resistant and photosynthesis-associated genes.
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Different trials of gum exudation of Elaeagnus angustifolia with different types of wound was done.It was illustrated that more gum could be gotten using the artificial approach making a wound on the mature trunk or on the tree tumor of aged one.Furthermore,the quantity of gum would increase with the increasing of the wound number.
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eng_Latn
| 232,862 |
Mycorrhiza formation enhances adaptive response of hybrid poplar to drought.
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Mycorrhized and nonmycorrhized plants of hybrid poplar (Populus tremula L. x Populus tremuloides Mich) were cultivated in petri dishes until the amount of water became limiting (detected by a decrease of photosynthetic yield). RNA was isolated from both main and fine roots and used for analysis of water channel (aquaporin) gene expression by semiquantitative RT-PCR. For three of five investigated aquaporin genes, expression did not differ between mycorrhized and nonmycorrhized plants. However, expression of the two other aquaporin genes was more pronounced in fine roots of mycorrhized plants, indicating that the root-fungus symbiosis may improve the water transport capacity under conditions of reduced water availability.
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Introduction ::: The purpose of this study is to compare the tissue incorporation of a novel fenestrated and non-fenestrated crosslinked porcine dermal matrix (CPDM) (CollaMend™, Davol Inc., Warwick, RI) in a porcine model of ventral hernia repair.
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eng_Latn
| 232,869 |
how many pea plants did mendel use
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Between 1856 and 1863 Mendel cultivated and tested some 29,000 pea plants (Pisum sativum). This study showed that one in four pea plants had purebred recessive alleles, two out of four were hybrid and one out of four were purebred dominant.
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Mendel's experiments with true breeding pea plants led us to a deeper understanding of how and why parents pass on specific traits to their offspring. Mendel used true breeding pea plants for a certain trait. He would then cross them and see what the resulting offspring looked like. He found that the resulting offspring ALWAYS looked like just one of the parents, not a combination of the two.
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eng_Latn
| 232,914 |
what is hybridization wikipedia
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Hybridization is the process of breeding a plant or animal with a different type of plant or animal. Most types of hybridization...
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home / study / questions and answers / science / chemistry / what is the hybridization of the central atom in ...ome / study / questions and answers / science / chemistry / what is the hybridization of the central atom in ...
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eng_Latn
| 232,916 |
Are Nepalese people friendly?
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How friendly are Nepalese People?
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How is Madras University for the non-Tamil students. Can the students from outside Tamil Nadu study here?
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eng_Latn
| 232,965 |
how long for mri results
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But usually, the result of an MRI scan comes within 24 hours and it is also interpreted within 24 hours by a specialized radiologist and similarly,if the result of an MRI scan comes within 24 hours, then definitely, those results can help the radiologist in analyzing that who took the test or who ordered for the test of an MRI scan.
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Here are typical timelines for your scan: MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scan times will take 30 to 40 minutes for the majority of scans. That is, brain, knee, spine and shoulder. However, if the study requires a contrast agent your scan time can be 50-60 minutes. Prostate and breast MRI scans take 60 to 80 minutes.
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eng_Latn
| 233,288 |
how long does an mri of the brain take
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The length of the exam depends on the type of study being performed. 1 MRI of the Brain ⦠20-45 minute scan time. 2 MRI of the Orbits ⦠20-35 minute scan time. 3 MRI of the TMJ ⦠45-60 minute scan time.
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MRI FAQ. 1 MRI of the Brain ⦠20-45 minute scan time. 2 MRI of the Orbits ⦠20-35 minute scan time. 3 MRI of the TMJ ⦠45-60 minute scan time. 4 MRI of the Soft Tissue Neck ⦠25-35 minute scan time. 5 MRI of the Cervical Spine ⦠20-35 minute scan time. 6 MRI of the Upper Extremity ⦠20-45 minute scan time. 7 MRI of the Thoracic Spine ⦠25-45 minute scan time.
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eng_Latn
| 233,292 |
how long is online gre exam
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1 Total Time: The computer-delivered GRE takes 3 hours and 45 minutes for the average student. Experts recommend sitting for the GRE exam one year prior to entering graduate school. This allows for ample study time and the option to retake it if desired.
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Once you take the exam, your scores will be available within 8-10 days. After that each time you order a report, ETS claims that it takes around 7-10 days to process it after payment. But it actually varies each time. It doesn't take more than 2-5 days after payment. At least in my case it got delivered within 2-5 days in more than one instance. During the GRE test you will choose which universities will get your scores.
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eng_Latn
| 233,573 |
canadian visa visitor process time
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Applicants just have to submit a proof of their previous travel to either of the two countries and their application will be processed in 5 days flat with an approval rate of 95%. Currently, normal Canadian visa processing time is 10 working days and the approval rate is slightly lower. Talking about India as a source market, Mr. Alexander said, âIn 2013, over 130,000 visitor visas were issued to Indians and nearly 14,000 Indian students were issued study permits.
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The expiry date on the TRV is the date by which the visa must be used to seek admission into Canada. If the visa is not used on or before that date, it ceases to be valid. The validity date is NOT the suggested duration of the visit. At the port of entry examination, CBSA officers determine the length of time temporary residents are authorized to stay in Canada.
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eng_Latn
| 233,604 |
how long does it take for the average police to respond
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And the amount of time it takes to respond to 911 calls has been growing for several years, said Sheldon S. Leffler, the chairman of the City Council's public safety committee, who released his own study of police response times yesterday. He compared this year's figure with 1993, when it took an average of 7.9 minutes to respond to a 911 call.
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Q. How long does the application process take? A. The local police department must send your fingerprints to the Colonel of the State Police within seven days of application; the Colonel has 30 days to respond. The License can not be issued until the Colonelâs office has okayed it. The procedure takes from two to six weeks. Q.
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eng_Latn
| 233,619 |
how long is preparation for decision phase
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My claim with the St. Pete VARO is dragging like most, 14 months and have been in Preparation for decision for just over 4 months. Today 8/20/12 still waiting, 125 days in the decision phase (They say the average is 70 days at St. Pete VARO) just my luck I'm above average! 422 days since the recieved my initial claim.
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Hello Sunrise. I am not exactly sure how many weeks you are into your preparations, but if you are like most students using the DIT course as part of their Step 1 preparation, you are 3-4 weeks away from your exam date. If so, then you are doing fine for this stage in your study prep.
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eng_Latn
| 233,643 |
how long does average recruiter spend looking at resume
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You may be shocked to know that the average recruiter spends a mere 6 seconds reviewing a resume. A similar study found the review time to be 5 â 7 seconds (BeHiring). Obviously six seconds only allows a recruiter to quickly scan (but not to read) a resume. We also know from observation that nearly 4 seconds of that 6-second scan is spent looking exclusively at four job areas, which are: 1) job titles, 2) companies you worked at, 3) start/end dates and 4) education.
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Typically, a resume will have information about your most recent 10 to 15 years of experience. Beyond that timeframe, you do not need to include details unless the positions are relevant to your current career. Here's more information on how many years of experience to include on your resume.
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eng_Latn
| 233,663 |
how long does it take you to review mcat
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This can range from 2 months of full-time MCAT study to 4 months of part-time MCAT study just for content review. Youâll then have to focus on passages/practice questions (phase 2) and of course, full lengths (phase 3). I recommend 6-8 months TOTAL prep for the average student studying 20+ hours per week.
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Read on to learn how long you'll have to complete each section of the exam, what you'll be asked about and how to prepare for it. The MCAT lasts a total of about 7.5 hours. Of the four sections covered on this test, three of the sections allow 95 minutes for completion and one is limited to 90 minutes.
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eng_Latn
| 233,692 |
Results of Jack Mackerel tagging study, 1971-75
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Methods and materials used to tag and recapture jack mackerel, Trachurus symmetricus, off the coast of southern Ca1ifornia and Baja California, Mexico, are described. Tagging, recapture, and movement data resulting from this program are reported. Analysis of these data indicates substantial movement of jack mackerel within the range of the California ::: fishery and suggests a seasonal inshore-offshore movement ::: pattern. (13pp.)
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AS EARLY as 1926, evidence was presented by Resnik and Keefer1 that dogs subjected to anoxia were more easily jaundiced by carbon tetrachloride than the control animals. Since then, several authors...
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kor_Hang
| 233,719 |
The further study on the current models of electronic forensics,an electronic judicial identification model based on three-dimensional trusted electronic evidence acquisition model is proposed.The model implements linear process control,evidence supervision,time constraints and legal constraints and trusted fix of electronic data for the whole process of judicial identification.By establishing political and judicial certification authority,it achieves mutual trust and mutual recognition between relevant agencies and the court in the whole process of evidence collection and identification,and ensures their own safety and legal effect on evidence supervision chain.At last,it verifies the correctness of the model by case analysis.
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After an introduction of the traditional fix method of digital data,in view of trusted forensics,a framework and its corresponding trusted fix method which supports the digital data's static properties is provided.Using DSA digital signature,timestamp,and the third confirmer signature scheme,the specific trusted fix algorithm of digital data is studied.Via formalized analyzing,the constraint rules for the digital data's static properties have been defined to be trusted,which also supports to the trusted fix.At last,with introduced axioms,theorems and rules,the formalized analyzing of trusted forensics is validated by certain examples.
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Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights.
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eng_Latn
| 233,792 |
The Autonomy of Defense and Defense Counsel
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The role of defense counsel during criminal proceedings is generally understood as being to provide legal assistance and personal support to clients and help in observing the rules of criminal procedure. Recently, however, safeguards of this legal assistance have been under increasing pressure. This raises the important question whether the true autonomy of defense counsel is being threatened by these developments. International, european and Belgian legislative initiatives will be discussed in considering this question, but also the jurisprudence of the courts of Luxembourg (european Court of Justice) and strasbourg (european Court of Human Rights). This discussion will offer an analysis of the norms relating to the independence of defense counsel that can be inferred from relevant case law.
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The University of Minnesota engaged RRM Architects, with RRM's consultant, Earl ::: Walls Associates, to assist the Ad-Hoc Committee for Preplanning Analysis of ::: Academic Sciences. The results of that study comprise this report.
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eng_Latn
| 233,898 |
The Future of the Court of Justice in EU Competition Law
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This article offers perspectives on the future role of the Court of Justice in competition law matters. It first predicts that due to several institutional, substantive and procedural idiosyncrasies, the Court’s ‘rule-making’ function should gain further importance. The resurgence of preliminary references that landed before the Court in recent years brings support to this prediction. In turn, this article argues that with this role, comes the heightened responsibility of setting the ‘right’ competition law standard. Given the lack of readily available, objective benchmark to distinguish what makes good and bad law, the paper offers thoughts on the necessity to set ‘consistent’ competition law standards, and explores several facets of rule-making consistency in EU competition law.
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This chapter looks at recent trends in the historiography of state-formation since the appearance of Charles Tilly's Coercion and Capital and European States, AD 990-1990. The impact of globalization upon scholarship is analyzed, with increasing attention to comparative studies on China and the Ottoman Empire. Another emphasis has been the study of institutions in relationship with economic growth, among others through state finances and state loans.
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eng_Latn
| 233,903 |
Legislative control of alcohol use: Is it an unmet need of public health policy? Recommendations for India and other developing nations
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Background: Even though prevalence of alcohol use in the world is very high, it has not been brought under legal control contrary to other substances like opium, cocaine, cannabis, etc. Aim: To demonstrate similarities in both alcohol and opioid dependence by comparing and contrasting the course of clinical dependence and arguing for similar legal controls for alcohol as is present for opioids. Conclusion: This study recommends alcohol to be treated at par with opioids and calls for legislations for the control of alcohol uniformly across the world, as a public health policy, on the lines of the Framework Convention for Tobacco Control.
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countries with civil law systems such as those in Indonesia, fettered by the dogmatic paradigm led to the application of normative-legal formalities are usually constrained problem. Though many variations of crimes not yet covered by the rule of positive law in this country. Moreover, many legal rules that were tumpan provisions overlap with another rule of law. So it is not uncommon in a world of justice, the judge's decision with regard to the issue raised controversy in the community. If this happens, efforts to conduct groundbreaking law was supposed to be done with the use of methods that are in line with the concept of handling the legal problems that occur. This is important, including in dealing with certain criminal cases, especially criminal pencuciang money using the method of proof process of reversal of the burden of proof (omkering van de bewijslast).
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eng_Latn
| 233,904 |
South Australian Workers Compensation Disputes: from Conciliation to Adjudication and Back Again:
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Reforms to workers compensation schemes throughout Australia in the 1980s brought many changes to the substantive entitlements of injured workers, admin istration and funding arrangements. Those reforms also introduced new ways of resolving disputes about entitlements.Tbis paper identifies some of the major factors that influence the design and operation of dispute resolution systems and demonstrates that there is a tendency for such systems to develop in a manner that can be contrary to the original objectives as a result of particular pressures and unanticipated developments. A case study of dispute resolution in South Australian workers compensation in the period 1986 to 1999 provides the empirical detail. Dispute resolution systems are dynamic rather than static. Tbey frequently reflect some of the pressures and conflicts within the workers compensation schemes. The nature of the administration and management of dispute resolution processes at a time of changing statutory requirements, and in the face...
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countries with civil law systems such as those in Indonesia, fettered by the dogmatic paradigm led to the application of normative-legal formalities are usually constrained problem. Though many variations of crimes not yet covered by the rule of positive law in this country. Moreover, many legal rules that were tumpan provisions overlap with another rule of law. So it is not uncommon in a world of justice, the judge's decision with regard to the issue raised controversy in the community. If this happens, efforts to conduct groundbreaking law was supposed to be done with the use of methods that are in line with the concept of handling the legal problems that occur. This is important, including in dealing with certain criminal cases, especially criminal pencuciang money using the method of proof process of reversal of the burden of proof (omkering van de bewijslast).
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eng_Latn
| 233,911 |
Book Review: Transitional Justice Comes of Age: Enduring Lessons and Challenges
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This review article considers recent developments in transitional justice through an examination of two recent works on transitional justice, one dealing with reparative justice and the other seeking to offer an historical perspective on transitional justice generally. Through a consideration of the virtues and vices of each volume, the article also discusses some lessons learned and continuing challenges from a field of study and practice that is, at about a quarter-century, relatively young but maturing.
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The article by summarizing developments sociology, philosophy, political science, kratolohiyi legitimacy of the essence, defines its characteristics and functions. Evaluated the use of this knowledge when disclosing the nature of judicial legitimacy.
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eng_Latn
| 233,927 |
Courts, Congress and Public Policy, Part I: The FDA, the Courts and the Regulation of Tobacco
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We test the public policy impact of court decisions relative to Congress and the executive by examining the FDA's proposals to regulate tobacco products. To measure impact we utilize an event study methodology that measures how a court decision affects the returns of selected publicly traded firms. This approach allows us to sort out the decisiveness of court decisions that occur in the shadow of the executive and congressional power, as well as to sort out the power of judges within the judicial hierarchy. We find that courts, including District Courts, have the ability to affect significantly the expected profits of firms.
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Acknowledments Judgment Day: A Vignette Introduction: The Supreme Court Under the Media Lens 1 A Year in the Life of the Supreme Court 2 Equal in Alberta: The Vriend Case 3 Court and Spin Country: The Quebec Secession Reference 4 "Sea of Confusion": R. v. Marshall 5 "Parents Can Sleep Soundly": The Queen v. John Robin Sharpe 6 Judges and Journalists Conclusion: Reporting the Supreme Court through a Political Prism Appendix A: Interview Questions Appendix B: Method of Analysis -- Coding Instructions and Sample Code Sheet About the Authors Index
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eng_Latn
| 233,931 |
Jurisdiction in Deleuze: The Expression and Representation of Law
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Preface 1. Deleuze and Jurisdiction: Expressionism in Jurisprudence Part 1: Masks and Personal Jurisdiction 2. Personal Jurisdiction: The 'Method of Dramatization' in the Law of Persons 3. Minority and Personal Jurisdiction: Judging Sex in Re Alex 4. Persons of Animal Law Part 2: Rights and Subject-Matter Jurisdiction 5. Deleuze, The Law of Things and Subject-Matter Jurisdiction 6. To Put to Flight: The Right of Possession Part 3: Actions and Procedure 7. The Activity of Judgment: Law of Actions and the Procedural Genre of Jurisprudence 8. Jurisdiction of Control: Judgment and Procedural Forms in Thomas v Mowbray 9. The Locality of Law: Jurisdiction in Deleuze
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markdownabstractThe main question addressed in this study is: ::: _How has the concept of EU citizenship influenced the legal autonomy of Member States; most notably in the field of direct taxation and are the implications of that influence on the tax autonomy of Member States acceptable?_
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eng_Latn
| 233,933 |
Discussion about the comprehensive treatment of the public order
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Aim at the situation that a little bit current self-contradict dispute and social problems present the new characteristics,study how in the request that the new period adapt the new situation and new mission.Think should value the social public order to synthesize to manage the work highly,synthesizing to make use of the methods,such as meanses,such as policy,law,economy and administration...etc.and education,consultations and intermediation...etc.,handling the problem that crowd face in time and reasonably by law,strengthenning the safe feeling and the trust feeling of the people's crowd continuously.
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Tables and Figures Abbreviations and Short Titles Introduction Chapter One. Criminal Laws and Courts Chapter Two. "While we lived not broken in upon" Chapter Three. Problems of Pluralism Chapter Four. Persistent Violence Chapter Five. Enlarged Land, Shortened Justice Chapter Six. Revolution Chapter Seven. Commonwealth Epilogue Acknowledgments
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eng_Latn
| 233,939 |
Deciphering Law by Active Solution to Coordinate Criminal Legislation with its Application——From Interpretation of Crime and Offence in Voluntary Surrender and Meritorious Performance
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The approach to coordinating the criminal legislation with its application is deciphering law by active solution in judicial practice,which means the judicial personnel must interpret the legislation justly.This article analyzes how to interpret justly by studying the Voluntary Surrender and Meritorious Performance.Try to interpret what is other crimes that the judicial organ does not know and what is the exposing an offence committed by others.
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Abstract In this Journal (24, 3, 1987 % background), Parkes has suggested a description for pictures in a visual database. While his work is a major contribution to describing computer‐controlled pictures in CBT, it raises some problems with regard to the linguistic underpinning, and his use of the term ‘understanding’ to describe the supervisory system. This paper criticizes his use of the linguistic parallel of morphemes and suggests a more rigorous denotation to the concept ‘understanding’ with regard to the supervisory program.
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eng_Latn
| 233,940 |
The Historical Argument for State Sovereign Immunity in Bankruptcy Proceedings
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This article addresses an anomaly in bankruptcy and sovereign immunity jurisprudence by drawing upon historical sources from America’s Founding Era and earlier. In the 2006 decision Central Virginia Community College v. Katz, the Supreme Court departed from its previous sovereign immunity decisions to hold that states lack the protection of sovereign immunity in proceedings arising under the Bankruptcy Clause. This article argues that the Katz decision unnecessarily upsets established sovereign immunity doctrine through a flawed interpretation of the Framers’ conception of the congressional bankruptcy power and state sovereign immunity in a federal system. It reveals this jurisprudential error through a detailed study of the historical development of bankruptcy law as well as the constitutional bankruptcy power’s origins, historical context, and contemporary application.
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markdownabstractThe main question addressed in this study is: ::: _How has the concept of EU citizenship influenced the legal autonomy of Member States; most notably in the field of direct taxation and are the implications of that influence on the tax autonomy of Member States acceptable?_
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kor_Hang
| 233,944 |
Nicholas V was the last pope to serve concurrently with one of these--Felix V, who resigned in 1449
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Setser v. United States - Supreme Court Mar 28, 2012 ... 1. The District Court had discretion to order that Setser's federal sentence run .... that these sentences be served concurrently. Setser then.
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Frank Filchock - Wikipedia Frank Joseph Filchock (October 8, 1916 June 20, 1994) was an American and Canadian ... The Pirates' first first-round draft choice that year was Byron (Whizzer) White of Colorado, who later became a U.S. Supreme Court judge. ... At Washington he appeared in six more games in the 1938 season, as understudy to...
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eng_Latn
| 234,127 |
What is the highest tier?
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Israel has a three-tier court system. At the lowest level are magistrate courts, situated in most cities across the country. Above them are district courts, serving as both appellate courts and courts of first instance; they are situated in five of Israel's six districts. The third and highest tier is the Supreme Court, located in Jerusalem; it serves a dual role as the highest court of appeals and the High Court of Justice. In the latter role, the Supreme Court rules as a court of first instance, allowing individuals, both citizens and non-citizens, to petition against the decisions of state authorities. Although Israel supports the goals of the International Criminal Court, it has not ratified the Rome Statute, citing concerns about the ability of the court to remain free from political impartiality.
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Hydrogen is the only element that has different names for its isotopes in common use today. During the early study of radioactivity, various heavy radioactive isotopes were given their own names, but such names are no longer used, except for deuterium and tritium. The symbols D and T (instead of 2H and 3H) are sometimes used for deuterium and tritium, but the corresponding symbol for protium, P, is already in use for phosphorus and thus is not available for protium. In its nomenclatural guidelines, the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry allows any of D, T, 2H, and 3H to be used, although 2H and 3H are preferred.
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eng_Latn
| 234,132 |
What profesional roles from secular law does the Catholic Church also employ?
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It is a fully developed legal system, with all the necessary elements: courts, lawyers, judges, a fully articulated legal code principles of legal interpretation, and coercive penalties, though it lacks civilly-binding force in most secular jurisdictions. The academic degrees in canon law are the J.C.B. (Juris Canonici Baccalaureatus, Bachelor of Canon Law, normally taken as a graduate degree), J.C.L. (Juris Canonici Licentiatus, Licentiate of Canon Law) and the J.C.D. (Juris Canonici Doctor, Doctor of Canon Law). Because of its specialized nature, advanced degrees in civil law or theology are normal prerequisites for the study of canon law.
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While the Philippines is generally considered a civil law nation, its Supreme Court is heavily modelled after the American Supreme Court. This can be attributed to the fact that the Philippines was colonized by both Spain and the United States, and the system of laws of both nations strongly influenced the development of Philippine laws and jurisprudence. Even as the body of Philippine laws remain mostly codified, the Philippine Civil Code expressly recognizes that decisions of the Supreme Court "form part of the law of the land", belonging to the same class as statutes. The 1987 Philippine Constitution also explicitly grants to the Supreme Court the power of judicial review over laws and executive actions. The Supreme Court is composed of 1 Chief Justice and 14 Associate Justices. The court sits either en banc or in divisions, depending on the nature of the case to be decided.
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eng_Latn
| 234,145 |
What are the two different programs offered at KU's Schoold of Journalism?
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The William Allen White School of Journalism and Mass Communications is recognized for its ability to prepare students to work in a variety of media when they graduate. The school offers two tracts of study: News and Information and Strategic Communication. This professional school teaches its students reporting for print, online and broadcast, strategic campaigning for PR and advertising, photojournalism and video reporting and editing. The J-School's students maintain various publications on campus, including The University Daily Kansan, Jayplay magazine, KUJH TV and KJHK radio. In 2008, the Fiske Guide to Colleges praised the KU J-School for its strength. In 2010, the School of Journalism and Mass Communications finished second at the prestigious Hearst Foundation national writing competition.
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It is a fully developed legal system, with all the necessary elements: courts, lawyers, judges, a fully articulated legal code principles of legal interpretation, and coercive penalties, though it lacks civilly-binding force in most secular jurisdictions. The academic degrees in canon law are the J.C.B. (Juris Canonici Baccalaureatus, Bachelor of Canon Law, normally taken as a graduate degree), J.C.L. (Juris Canonici Licentiatus, Licentiate of Canon Law) and the J.C.D. (Juris Canonici Doctor, Doctor of Canon Law). Because of its specialized nature, advanced degrees in civil law or theology are normal prerequisites for the study of canon law.
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eng_Latn
| 234,205 |
Why can't federal courts just make up law?
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Under the doctrine of Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins (1938), there is no general federal common law. Although federal courts can create federal common law in the form of case law, such law must be linked one way or another to the interpretation of a particular federal constitutional provision, statute, or regulation (which in turn was enacted as part of the Constitution or after). Federal courts lack the plenary power possessed by state courts to simply make up law, which the latter are able to do in the absence of constitutional or statutory provisions replacing the common law. Only in a few narrow limited areas, like maritime law, has the Constitution expressly authorized the continuation of English common law at the federal level (meaning that in those areas federal courts can continue to make law as they see fit, subject to the limitations of stare decisis).
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Much of the study in the madrasah college centred on examining whether certain opinions of law were orthodox. This scholarly process of "determining orthodoxy began with a question which the Muslim layman, called in that capacity mustaftī, presented to a jurisconsult, called mufti, soliciting from him a response, called fatwa, a legal opinion (the religious law of Islam covers civil as well as religious matters). The mufti (professor of legal opinions) took this question, studied it, researched it intensively in the sacred scriptures, in order to find a solution to it. This process of scholarly research was called ijtihād, literally, the exertion of one's efforts to the utmost limit."
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eng_Latn
| 234,277 |
What does federal law come from?
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Federal law originates with the Constitution, which gives Congress the power to enact statutes for certain limited purposes like regulating interstate commerce. The United States Code is the official compilation and codification of the general and permanent federal statutes. Many statutes give executive branch agencies the power to create regulations, which are published in the Federal Register and codified into the Code of Federal Regulations. Regulations generally also carry the force of law under the Chevron doctrine. Many lawsuits turn on the meaning of a federal statute or regulation, and judicial interpretations of such meaning carry legal force under the principle of stare decisis.
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Much of the study in the madrasah college centred on examining whether certain opinions of law were orthodox. This scholarly process of "determining orthodoxy began with a question which the Muslim layman, called in that capacity mustaftī, presented to a jurisconsult, called mufti, soliciting from him a response, called fatwa, a legal opinion (the religious law of Islam covers civil as well as religious matters). The mufti (professor of legal opinions) took this question, studied it, researched it intensively in the sacred scriptures, in order to find a solution to it. This process of scholarly research was called ijtihād, literally, the exertion of one's efforts to the utmost limit."
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eng_Latn
| 234,280 |
what is a case brief
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Case briefing is a long-used method of studying law. Its purpose is to have students identify the rules of law found in court cases and analyze how courts apply these rules of law to the facts of a case in an objective and rational manner.
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A brief is a detailed statement of the facts of the case supporting a particular position by presenting arguments based on relevant facts and citations from previous cases. Interested parties may also be invited to submit amicus curiae (friends of the court) briefs, supporting or rejecting arguments of the case.
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eng_Latn
| 234,332 |
gresham's law definition
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Greshamâs Law Law and Legal Definition Greshamâs law refers to an economic principle that is applied when inferior products or practices tend to displace superior ones. Greshamâs law takes its name from Sir Thomas Gresham. The principle of Gresham's law can sometimes be applied to different fields of study. Gresham's law may be generally applied to any circumstance in which the true value of something is markedly different from the value people are required to accept.
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Griswold v. Connecticut, 381 U.S. 479, is a landmark case in the United States in which the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that the Constitution, through the Bill of Rights, implies a fundamental right to privacy. The case involved a Connecticut Comstock law that prohibited any person from using any drug, medicinal article or instrument for the purpose of preventing conception. By a vote of 7â2, the Supreme Court invalidated the law on the grounds that it violated the right ...
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eng_Latn
| 234,393 |
jurisprudence how is it used
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Jurisprudence is the study of theory,science and philosophy of law. It is a investigation into law which is of abstract,general and theoretical nature in the realm of legal system and law which seeks to lay bare the essential principles of law and the legal system.
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âMoreover, use of the reasonable-doubt standard is indispensable to command the respect and confidence of the community in applications of the criminal law. It is critical that the moral force of the criminal law not be diluted by a standard of proof that leaves people in doubt whether innocent men are being condemned.
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eng_Latn
| 234,434 |
Mouse tissue culture models of unstable triplet repeats.
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Once into the expanded disease-associated range, trinucleotide repeat alleles become dramatically unstable in the germline and in somatic cells. The molecular mechanism(s) that underlie this unique form of dynamic mutation are poorly understood. Numerous transgenic mouse models of unstable trinucleotide repeats, which reconstitute the dynamic nature of somatic mosaicism observed in humans, have been generated. Given their easy accessibility, tissues from these mice can be collected to establish homogenous cell culture models of trinucleotide repeat dynamics. This chapter describes how such cultures can be established and maintained. Such in vitro systems may be useful to study relevant biological questions concerning fundamental triplet repeat metabolism. In particular, monitoring of repeat stability in cells growing under controlled conditions could help to clarify the relationship among the accumulation of repeat length variation, cell division rates, and DNA replication.
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A microtechnique (modified Takatsy) is described which can be applied to complement fixation, hemagglutination, hemagglutination inhibition and metabolic inhibition tests. The system permits an 8-fold saving of reagents and rapid performance of microdilutions. The specific methods and modifications of equipment necessary to obtain reliable results are presented in detail. Comparative data obtained with the micro- and standard systems establish the reliability and validity of the microsystem.
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eng_Latn
| 234,802 |
definition of cytogenetic
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Cytogenetics. a science that deals with the regularities of heredity in relation to the structure and functions of various intracellular structures (see. ).
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Two or more cultures may be initiated from a single sample. Cytogenetics: The study of the number, structure, behavior, and effects of chromosomes. Deletion: Loss of a whole or part of a chromosome. The term usually refers to loss of part of a chromosome (partial deletion). A terminal deletion refers to breakage and loss of the end of a chromosome; an interstitial deletion is the loss of material from within the chromosome, between the ends.
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eng_Latn
| 234,899 |
Fungibility of Donor Assistance to Liberia: Focusing on Aid to the Health Sector, a case study
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The main purpose of this work is to develop a case study assessing the recent patterns and impacts of ODA (official development assistance) and DAH (development assistance for health) to Liberia on overall government spending and domestic revenue generation as well as domestic government health spending. Specifically, the study will examine the recent flows of ODA and DAH resources into the country and test whether it is possible to determine the degree of fungibility in domestic budgetary expenditures and revenues, overall, as well as in domestic health budgetary spending and receipts (from internal and external sources) as a result of (or due to) ODA and DAH. The study will distinguish between targeted/earmarked aid and general budget support, and will attempt to distinguish commitments from actual disbursements (both for DAH and for government).
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To the Editor: It is well established that immunosuppression after organ transplantation carries an increased risk of certain malignant tumors. Of these tumors, those of the skin and lip and lympho...
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eng_Latn
| 234,986 |
Background ::: In times of austerity, the availability of econometric health knowledge assists policy-makers in understanding and balancing health expenditure with health care plans within fiscal constraints. The objective of this study is to explore whether the health workforce supply of the public health care sector, population number, and utilization of inpatient care significantly contribute to total health expenditure.
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Human resources for health are necessary to the delivery of health services; only by securing a sufficient, equitably distributed, adequately supported and well-performing health workforce can any health goals and targets set by national governments or the international community be met [1]. In spite of the recognition of this central role in attaining health outcomes, investments in human resources for health have been and still are constrained by the perception that the health economy (and the health workers within it) is a consumptive sector, whose costs governments should strive to contain, rather than a contributor to socio-economic development in its own right. This thematic series sought to examine and broaden the evidence on the contribution of investment in human resources for health to broader development outcomes in other sectors, including synergies with education, finance, employment, gender empowerment and peace building.
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Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights.
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eng_Latn
| 235,006 |
From Educational Program to Diplomatic Entertainment: The exhibition “L‘Affiche Suisse” travelling the Global South during the 1950s and 1960s
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“The Swiss Poster” was a travelling exhibition organized by Pro Helvetia. The exhibition comprised of 126 posters by Swiss graphic designers plus 16 informative panels. This composition toured through Europe, the USA and South America from 1950-1952. From a Swiss perspective, the cultural diplomatic manifestation was evaluated as such a success that the exhibition generated numerous follow-up projects. Besides taking the already established route over the following years these travelled also off the beaten tracks as to South Africa and the Middle East. This presentation focuses on the destinations of the poster exhibition in developing countries. How did the exhibition present Switzerland? What were the aims of the exhibition? And what image of Swiss graphic design does the exhibition convey?
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This article discusses issues related to funding and resource allocation in the SUS, in the context of two different projects policies. The study analyzed health spending in Brazil, in the period 1995 to 2012, compared to international spending, the Gross Domestic Product and Current Federal Gross Revenue. In the analysis, we compared the commitments made to the SUS in the administrations of Presidents FHC, Lula and Dilma. It was observed that, in relation to the behaviour of health spending, the Federal Governments of the Workers' Party did not differ from the Governments of the Brazilian Social Democracy Party. The profile of health spending didn't realize the dream of health reform in the years 1980.
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eng_Latn
| 235,012 |
Brachial plexus surgery. An historical perspective.
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Clinical observations on brachial plexus palsy belong to the last decades of the 19th century. True brachial plexus surgery is even more recent, starting with the beginning of this century. Surgical endeavors on the plexus have been varied and have met with alternating fortunes, undertaken by surgeons in a fascinating blend of sheer enthusiasm and deep pessimism.
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This article discusses issues related to funding and resource allocation in the SUS, in the context of two different projects policies. The study analyzed health spending in Brazil, in the period 1995 to 2012, compared to international spending, the Gross Domestic Product and Current Federal Gross Revenue. In the analysis, we compared the commitments made to the SUS in the administrations of Presidents FHC, Lula and Dilma. It was observed that, in relation to the behaviour of health spending, the Federal Governments of the Workers' Party did not differ from the Governments of the Brazilian Social Democracy Party. The profile of health spending didn't realize the dream of health reform in the years 1980.
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yue_Hant
| 235,014 |
US health organizations call for Congress to end bans on research into gun violence.
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Nearly 150 US medical associations, public health organizations, and advocacy groups have called on Congress to end federal legislation that restricts funding of research into gun violence. ::: ::: In a 6 April letter to leaders of the House and Senate Committees on Appropriation, organizations representing more than a million US health professionals, including the American Medical Association, the American Public Health Association, and the American Association …
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Aim ::: The aim of this study was to assess the management, characteristics and generation of healthcare waste (HCW) in public and private hospitals in Kampala City, Uganda.
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eng_Latn
| 235,015 |
Representing Development: New Perspectives about the New Deal in Puerto Rico 1933-36
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Resumen en: This article suggests an alternative approach to the traditional perspectives in which the New Deal, specifically the Puerto Rican Emergency Relief Admin...
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This article discusses issues related to funding and resource allocation in the SUS, in the context of two different projects policies. The study analyzed health spending in Brazil, in the period 1995 to 2012, compared to international spending, the Gross Domestic Product and Current Federal Gross Revenue. In the analysis, we compared the commitments made to the SUS in the administrations of Presidents FHC, Lula and Dilma. It was observed that, in relation to the behaviour of health spending, the Federal Governments of the Workers' Party did not differ from the Governments of the Brazilian Social Democracy Party. The profile of health spending didn't realize the dream of health reform in the years 1980.
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eng_Latn
| 235,016 |
Funding of the Unified Health System in FHC, Lula and Dilma government
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This article discusses issues related to funding and resource allocation in the SUS, in the context of two different projects policies. The study analyzed health spending in Brazil, in the period 1995 to 2012, compared to international spending, the Gross Domestic Product and Current Federal Gross Revenue. In the analysis, we compared the commitments made to the SUS in the administrations of Presidents FHC, Lula and Dilma. It was observed that, in relation to the behaviour of health spending, the Federal Governments of the Workers' Party did not differ from the Governments of the Brazilian Social Democracy Party. The profile of health spending didn't realize the dream of health reform in the years 1980.
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Opinion, The Weekly Observer, 22 July 2006:Why are international NGOs targeted by the LRA rebels? Seldom can aid and humanitarianism of the international community be neutral in the eyes of the locals, and even less so in the eyes of the rebels. When humanitarian organisations take over many of the functions of the Ugandan government, some will also be perceived, as the government is, as a parallel partner to the army.
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eng_Latn
| 235,019 |
Call for government to cut bowel cancer deaths by 60% in the next 13 years
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The number of deaths from bowel cancer could be cut by 60% by 2025 if the government acts on recommendations made in a report, a charity has claimed. ::: ::: Bowel Cancer UK has set out a plan, which, it claims, could result in an extra 2500 people with bowel cancer a year surviving for at least five years after diagnosis by 2025. ::: ::: Changes that the report recommends include: encouraging a greater uptake in screening, which is currently only 50%, earlier and high quality diagnosis with increased capacity—colonoscopy capacity should be more than doubled over the next five years to cope with growing demand due in part to an ageing population—and improved and more coordinated care for …
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This article discusses issues related to funding and resource allocation in the SUS, in the context of two different projects policies. The study analyzed health spending in Brazil, in the period 1995 to 2012, compared to international spending, the Gross Domestic Product and Current Federal Gross Revenue. In the analysis, we compared the commitments made to the SUS in the administrations of Presidents FHC, Lula and Dilma. It was observed that, in relation to the behaviour of health spending, the Federal Governments of the Workers' Party did not differ from the Governments of the Brazilian Social Democracy Party. The profile of health spending didn't realize the dream of health reform in the years 1980.
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eng_Latn
| 235,020 |
Healthcare waste management in Uganda: management and generation rates in public and private hospitals in Kampala
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Aim ::: The aim of this study was to assess the management, characteristics and generation of healthcare waste (HCW) in public and private hospitals in Kampala City, Uganda.
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This article discusses issues related to funding and resource allocation in the SUS, in the context of two different projects policies. The study analyzed health spending in Brazil, in the period 1995 to 2012, compared to international spending, the Gross Domestic Product and Current Federal Gross Revenue. In the analysis, we compared the commitments made to the SUS in the administrations of Presidents FHC, Lula and Dilma. It was observed that, in relation to the behaviour of health spending, the Federal Governments of the Workers' Party did not differ from the Governments of the Brazilian Social Democracy Party. The profile of health spending didn't realize the dream of health reform in the years 1980.
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eng_Latn
| 235,026 |
Capable of speeds of 12 MPH, this aggressive "black" snake of tropical Africa is the world's fastest
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10 most venomous snakes in Africa - Africa Freak Jan 8, 2010 ... Ten of the most venomous and most dangerous snakes on the African ... Fast and agile, it reaches speeds of up to 20 km/h (12 mph). ... Without anti-venom, the mortality rate for a black mamba is almost 100%. ... the most widespread cobra of tropical and subtropical Africa. .... in remote third world locators.
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Prayer and politics in Congress - CSMonitor.com Sep 17, 2016 ... As Coons puts it, If you hold hands with someone in prayer in the morning, ... As the current Senate chaplain, Barry Black, notes on his web page, the ... around the world to put politics aside and address the role of faith in public life. ... The House and Senate prayer breakfasts, Bible study groups, and other...
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eng_Latn
| 235,061 |
Child mortality toll dips below 10 million: UNICEF
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Nearly 9.7 million children die each year before their fifth birthday from diseases from pneumonia to malaria, but simple affordable measures could save more lives, the U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) said on Tuesday.
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UNITED NATIONS: A global effort to fight poverty with better population management that UN officials once hoped could "change the world" has made limited progress after one decade, a new UN study said on Wednesday.
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eng_Latn
| 235,065 |
Food Scarcity and H.I.V. Interwoven in Uganda
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Staying uninvolved while interviewing participants for a study about the effect of food shortages on H.I.V. treatment is often difficult, one researcher finds.
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South Africa's controversial health minister hit back on Friday at criticism of her unorthodox views on AIDS and stuck to views that traditional medicine can treat AIDS.
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eng_Latn
| 235,076 |
UN Moves to Guard Against Tsunami Aid Corruption
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The United Nations is adopting new steps in its global tsunami-relief campaign to guard against improprieties like those alleged in the oil-for-food program for Iraq, U.N. officials said Monday.
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WASHINGTON -- US health officials told Ugandaâs government that a US-funded study there on using an AIDS drug to protect babies violated federal safety rules even though they didnât tell President Bush before he authorized shipping the drug to Africa.
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eng_Latn
| 235,077 |
Kidman praises UNIFEM, U.N. trust fund
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Nicole Kidman on Friday praised a U.N. fund set up 10 years ago for initiatives to end violence against women worldwide, saying it had made a difference in the lives of countless people.
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The richest 2% of adults in the world own more than half of all household wealth, a new study by the UN finds.
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eng_Latn
| 235,159 |
Who issued the report in 1958?
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A Federal Trade Commission report issued in 1958 attempted to quantify the effect of antibiotic development on American public health. The report found that over the period 1946-1955, there was a 42% drop in the incidence of diseases for which antibiotics were effective and only a 20% drop in those for which antibiotics were not effective. The report concluded that "it appears that the use of antibiotics, early diagnosis, and other factors have limited the epidemic spread and thus the number of these diseases which have occurred". The study further examined mortality rates for eight common diseases for which antibiotics offered effective therapy (syphilis, tuberculosis, dysentery, scarlet fever, whooping cough, meningococcal infections, and pneumonia), and found a 56% decline over the same period. Notable among these was a 75% decline in deaths due to tuberculosis.
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In July 2013 Tuvalu signed the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) to establish the Pacific Regional Trade and Development Facility, which Facility originated in 2006, in the context of negotiations for an Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) between Pacific ACP States and the European Union. The rationale for the creation of the Facility being to improve the delivery of aid to Pacific island countries in support of the Aid-for-Trade (AfT) requirements. The Pacific ACP States are the countries in the Pacific that are signatories to the Cotonou Agreement with the European Union.
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eng_Latn
| 235,177 |
Public Health Messages Can Fight Disease — If The Message Is Right
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While some diseases such as Guinea worm and polio are nearly eradicated, many other threats persist. NPR's Scott Simon speaks with Dr. Khadidiatou Ndiaye about strategies for global health messaging.
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A new study by the Kaiser Family Foundation says the current fiscal crises in many states is jeopardizing programs that help the poor pay for AIDS medication. Over the past year, 16 states have had to restrict access to their AIDS Drug Assistance Program, leaving thousands wondering how they will pay for treatment. Hear NPR's Brenda Wilson.
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eng_Latn
| 235,291 |
The 1) By studying how the chimps' genes or immune system defeat the related virus, we can learn how to defeat HIV in humans.
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Chipanzees defeated a virus related to HIV.
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No significant findings came from the study on chimps.
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eng_Latn
| 235,351 |
Trends in late and advanced HIV diagnoses among migrants in Australia; implications for progress on Fast-Track targets
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A 'test and treat' prevention strategy in Australia requires innovative HIV testing models: a cohort study of repeat testing among 'high-risk' men who have sex with men.
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Endothelial Protein C Receptor Gene Variants Not Associated with Severe Malaria in Ghanaian Children
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eng_Latn
| 235,356 |
Human immunodeficiency virus infection and human African trypanosomiasis: a case-control study in Côte d'Ivoire.
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Options for Field Diagnosis of Human African Trypanosomiasis
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Evidence that in X-linked immunodeficiency with hyperimmunoglobulinemia M the intrinsic immunoglobulin heavy chain class switch mechanism is intact.
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eng_Latn
| 235,357 |
Safety of nevirapine compared to abacavir on a background of zidovudine/lamivudine as first-line antiretroviral therapy: a randomised double-blind trial conducted in Uganda.
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Nevirapine clearance from plasma in African adults stopping therapy - a pharmacokinetic substudy.
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Ritonavirʼs Role in Reducing Fentanyl Clearance and Prolonging Its Half-life
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eng_Latn
| 235,360 |
A randomized study of antiviral medication switch at lower- versus higher-switch thresholds: AIDS Clinical Trials Group Study A5115.
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First-line antiretroviral therapy with a protease inhibitor versus non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and switch at higher versus low viral load in HIV-infected children: an open-label, randomised phase 2/3 trial
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Video Games Have Always Been Queer
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eng_Latn
| 235,362 |
Trajectory structures and transport.
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The special problem of transport in two-dimensional divergence-free stochastic velocity fields is studied by developing a statistical approach, the nested subensemble method. The nonlinear process of trapping determined by such fields generates trajectory structures whose statistical characteristics are determined. These structures strongly influence the transport.
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The search for determinants responsible for changes in CD4 cells count can help to optimize the efficiency of the nevirapine-based antiretroviral therapy in Cote d'Ivoire. Our study on the response to this treatment was carried out through taxonomy of CD4 cells count trajectories using non-hierarchical-descendant model. One hundred and sixty four patients were grouped according to their baseline CD4 count in three strata (<100/mm
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eng_Latn
| 235,373 |
What's behind sexual risk taking? : exploring the experiences of chlamydia-positive, HIV-positive, and HIV-tested young women and men in Sweden
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The overall aim was to explore the experiences of sexual risk taking among Chlamydia Trachomatis positive (CT+), HIV positive (HIV+), and HIV tested young women and men. The specific aims were to e ...
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The present study examines the influence of external debt on the change in the proportion of the total population living in urban slum conditions in the less developed countries between 1990 and 2010, drawing from a political economy of the world-system theoretical perspective. Ordinary least squares panel regression illustrates external debt as a percent of gross national income has a statistically significant positive effect producing higher levels of urban slum growth. This result is recurrent across all developing countries but is particularly strong among sub-Saharan African nations. Further, urban population growth 1960–1990 exhibits a positive effect contributing to higher urban slum growth. The results support the hypothesis that external debt burden is an important factor contributing to higher levels of urban slum growth in the less developed countries between 1990 and 2010. This effect, moreover, is particularly strong among sub-Saharan African countries relative to developing countries within ...
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eng_Latn
| 235,385 |
Heterosexual Transmission of HIV in China: A Systematic Review of Behavioral Studies in the Past Two Decades
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A HIV-1 heterosexual transmission chain in Guangzhou, China: a molecular epidemiological study
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Cultural transmission of fitness: genes take the fast lane.
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eng_Latn
| 235,399 |
Sexual activity and risk of HIV infection among patients with schizophrenia
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Objective: This study sought to determine the frequency and types of sexual behavior among patients with schizophrenia and to assess the behavior with respector risk of HIV infection. Method: Ninety-five inpatients and outpatients with a research diagnosis of schizophrenia underwent a series of face-to-face interviews to determine their sexual activity and correlate it with demographic characteristics, psychopathology, and medication side effects. Results: Forty-four percent of the patients had been sexually active in the preceding 6 months, and 62% of these had had multiple partners. Sexual activity was associated with greater general psychopathology
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A simple Stress Time Index (STI) for predicting yield loss in the tea crop due to drought is proposed, based on the daily summation of the difference between the potential soil water deficit and a specified limiting value. Validation of the technique with results from a line-source irrigation experiment with a single clone in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania suggests that there is a linear relationship between STI and relative yield loss during the warm dry season. As a result of changes in the composition of the shoot population at each harvest the apparent critical deficit at which shoot growth is restricted increases from below 20 to 300 mm as the dry season progresses. The rate of yield loss with increasing STI also varies through the dry season for the same reason.
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eng_Latn
| 235,424 |
Drug Use and STI/HIV Risk among East and Southeast Asian Men Who Have Sex with Men in Toronto
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In a study of 222 East and Southeast (E & SE) Asian men who have sex with men (MSM), the researchers found that one in four participants had used drugs in the past six months. They also found that E & SE Asian MSM who used drugs were more likely to engage in sexual behaviours that put them at higher risks of HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STI).
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ABSTRACT This article compares black and Hispanic environmental inequality levels across 14 of the largest metropolitan areas in the United States and asks how conclusions regarding the existence of environmental inequality differ when different definitions of environmental inequality are employed. Using census tracts as the unit of analysis, industrial pollution data from the Toxic Release Inventory, and demographic data from the U.S. census, tobit regression analysis is used to determine whether two types of environmental racial inequality—disparate social impacts inequality and relative distribution inequality—existed in each metropolitan area in 2000. Results show that black and Hispanic environmental inequality were fairly widespread throughout the 14 metropolitan areas, that Hispanic environmental inequality was more widespread than black environmental inequality, and that conclusions vary depending upon which definition of environmental inequality is employed. This latter findings suggests that the...
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eng_Latn
| 235,430 |
Appendix Four. Values, dates, composition
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The appendix presents the tables of reference for easy comparison of the values, dates and manner of composition of Apuleian Spheres, Dog Days, moon books, Egyptian Days, collective lunaries and unlucky days. These tables can be consulted by those who actually wish to rely on prognostics in times of need, and by those who are, like the author, appreciative of tables in general.Keywords: Apuleian spheres; Egyptian days; moon books
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The search for determinants responsible for changes in CD4 cells count can help to optimize the efficiency of the nevirapine-based antiretroviral therapy in Cote d'Ivoire. Our study on the response to this treatment was carried out through taxonomy of CD4 cells count trajectories using non-hierarchical-descendant model. One hundred and sixty four patients were grouped according to their baseline CD4 count in three strata (<100/mm
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fra_Latn
| 235,438 |
Heart drugs 'may slow down HIV'
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Statins, which are used to treat high cholesterol, may also fight HIV, a study suggests.
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Scientists pay crack cocaine addicts to test an ADHD drug to treat their addiction. They're not sure it works, but we're pretty sure the volunteers are willing.
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eng_Latn
| 235,452 |
Key Aids strain 'came from Haiti'
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Scientists say a strain of the HIV virus which predominates in the US and Europe came from Haiti in about 1969.
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Staying uninvolved while interviewing participants for a study about the effect of food shortages on H.I.V. treatment is often difficult, one researcher finds.
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eng_Latn
| 235,453 |
Gene mutation linked to illness clusters
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A study of a closely knit family with several members suffering from a rare illness is providing what researchers say may be important clues to the cause of diseases ranging
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A key anti-HIV (news - web sites)/AIDS (news - web sites) drug distributed in Africa causes drug resistance in pregnant women, but only if they ignore doctors' orders
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eng_Latn
| 235,454 |
Gonorrhea linked to higher prostate cancer risk
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NEW YORK - Men with a history of the sexually transmitted disease gonorrhea may face a higher risk of prostate cancer, a study suggests.
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A key anti-HIV (news - web sites)/AIDS (news - web sites) drug distributed in Africa causes drug resistance in pregnant women, but only if they ignore doctors' orders
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eng_Latn
| 235,460 |
Syphilis Epidemics May Reflect Immunity Changes
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Public health officials regularly attribute epidemics of syphilis to risky sexual behavior. But a new study in the journal <EM>Nature</EM> suggests the rise and fall of syphilis isn't due to behavioral trends -- it reflects immune fluctuations.
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I'm a renal transplant patient that takes steroids as routine immunosuppression therapy. I wondered after listening to this story, how much the medication has affected the frustration I sometimes feel. The story really touched me with compassion for the entire family realizing how chronic illness affects its delicate balance.
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eng_Latn
| 235,462 |
I understand u can get AIDS from used needles and blood transfusions, but can u develope the disease from homosexuals having "sex"??
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If one person is infected, sure. If neither person is infected -- no. Viruses do not occur by spontaneous generation. It isn't an orientation that causes them, its preexisting presence in one or the other partner.\n\nCondoms are more effective than most studies funded by religious organizations try to assert, so be careful of who wrote the study you read, and ask a teacher from a PUBLIC school who is a statistician to help you interpret what you are reading.\n\nPeace.\n\nReynolds Jones\nhttp://www.rebuff.org
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WHAT?!? Who the Hell said that? If this is not one of the most intolerant and stupid things I have ever heard, well, I'm Mickey Mouse. Just get back to the sick bastard and give him your views.
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eng_Latn
| 235,473 |
aids medicine price
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Martin Shkreli, 32, founder and chief executive of Turing Pharmaceuticals, changed the price of Daraprim, which is used to treat AIDS patients, from $13.50 per tablet to $750. Turing Pharmaceuticals purchased the rights to the drug in August for $55million.
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According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), currently (last updated: March 8, 2017), the lifetime treatment cost of an HIV infection is estimated at $379,668 (in 2010 dollars), Another study estimated the discounted lifetime cost for persons who become HIV infected at age 35 is $326,500 (60% for antiretroviral medications, 15% for other medications, 25% non-drug costs).
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eng_Latn
| 235,486 |
how do elevate wbc's
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Quick Answer. Certain drugs may increase WBC count, including corticosteroids, epinephrine, lithium, heparin, granulocyte colony stimulating factor and beta adrenergic agonists, as listed by MedlinePlus. No specific foods or dietary changes are proven to raise WBC count, as stated by Oncology Nutrition. Keep Learning.
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Taking Growth Hormone, GM-CSF, to Boost WBC Count A growth hormoneâGM-CSFâcan potentially increase the levels of your white blood cells. While this is a more drastic measure, many AIDS patients may require this added boost to their immune system in order to extend their life. According to a 2009 Harvard Medical School study,
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eng_Latn
| 235,487 |
S.Africa health minister defiant on AIDS rebuke
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South Africa's controversial health minister hit back on Friday at criticism of her unorthodox views on AIDS and stuck to views that traditional medicine can treat AIDS.
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Staying uninvolved while interviewing participants for a study about the effect of food shortages on H.I.V. treatment is often difficult, one researcher finds.
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eng_Latn
| 235,505 |
US AIDS official altered drug study
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The government's chief of AIDS research rewrote a safety report on a US-funded study of the anti-HIV drug nevirapine, sold in the United States as Viramune, to change its conclusions and delete negative information.
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Nutritional supplements are generally not taken into account when health researchers try to get a snapshot of the nationâs nutritional habits, a new study finds.
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eng_Latn
| 235,506 |
U.S. HIV Cases Soaring Among Black Women
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In 2003, the rate of new AIDS cases for black women was 20 times that of white women and five times greater than the infection rate for Latinas, according to a CDC report.
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Staying uninvolved while interviewing participants for a study about the effect of food shortages on H.I.V. treatment is often difficult, one researcher finds.
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kor_Hang
| 235,514 |
Some say AIDS-drug risks are worth taking in Africa
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PRETORIA -- Ranbaxy Laboratories in India withdrew seven antiretroviral drugs for AIDS patients last month from the World Health Organization list of prequalified medicines. The company acknowledged that it did not complete proper lab tests to make sure its copycat drugs were equivalent with brand-name ones.
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Staying uninvolved while interviewing participants for a study about the effect of food shortages on H.I.V. treatment is often difficult, one researcher finds.
|
eng_Latn
| 235,515 |
Report: Nearly Half of HIV Adults Are Women
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Women make up nearly half of the 37.2 million adults living with HIV and in sub-Saharan Africa the proportion rises to almost 60 percent, according to a UN report released on Tuesday.
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Staying uninvolved while interviewing participants for a study about the effect of food shortages on H.I.V. treatment is often difficult, one researcher finds.
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eng_Latn
| 235,518 |
Women and HIV on global focus
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December 1 is World Aids Day. Global attention is focused on women and girls with the day's theme: "Women, Girls, HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) and Aids (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)".
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Staying uninvolved while interviewing participants for a study about the effect of food shortages on H.I.V. treatment is often difficult, one researcher finds.
|
eng_Latn
| 235,519 |
UN: HIV/AIDS Fuels Tuberculosis Crisis
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ADDIS ABABA, Ethiopia Sept. 20, 2004 - The spread of HIV/AIDS is fueling a massive tuberculosis crisis that could see one billion people infected in the next 20 years, the UN warned Monday.
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Staying uninvolved while interviewing participants for a study about the effect of food shortages on H.I.V. treatment is often difficult, one researcher finds.
|
kor_Hang
| 235,520 |
India alarm over HIV in new areas
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India health officials are alarmed by growing HIV/Aids infection rates in two key northern states.
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Staying uninvolved while interviewing participants for a study about the effect of food shortages on H.I.V. treatment is often difficult, one researcher finds.
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eng_Latn
| 235,522 |
Africans let down by governments
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Some 50,000 Africans in 28 countries give their verdict on how they are governed in a United Nations survey.
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WASHINGTON Government documents reveal that a top AIDS researcher changed a report about an important drug study, rewriting the conclusion and taking out negative information.
|
eng_Latn
| 235,532 |
Southern Africa Urged to See AIDS as Wider Crisis
|
GRANDE BAIE, Mauritius - Southern Africa should treat AIDS as a political, social and economic crisis because it is killing off people crucial to its development, Malawian President Bingu wa Mutharika said on Monday.
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Staying uninvolved while interviewing participants for a study about the effect of food shortages on H.I.V. treatment is often difficult, one researcher finds.
|
eng_Latn
| 235,535 |
AIDS seen as new threat to African democracy
|
AIDS may be killing elected officials in some Southern African countries faster than they can be replaced, creating a new threat to democracy and governance in the region, a new study said.
|
First election since the military coup 15 months ago fuels fears of further political uncertainty in Thailand
|
eng_Latn
| 235,538 |
AIDS Is on the Rise Worldwide, U.N. Finds
|
A U.N. study says that declines in AIDS in eight countries show that prevention programs work, but said prevention efforts have reached far too few of the people at risk.
|
More rains are expected across Africa, as flooding affects more than 1m people across 17 countries.
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eng_Latn
| 235,539 |
SOUTH AFRICA: Partner violence puts women at greater risk of HIV ...
|
JOHANNESBURG, 26 November (IRIN) - South African women with violent or controlling male partners run a higher risk of HIV infection, according to a study published in the Lancet medical journal.
|
Staying uninvolved while interviewing participants for a study about the effect of food shortages on H.I.V. treatment is often difficult, one researcher finds.
|
eng_Latn
| 235,540 |
Another Killer Being Ignored in Aids Fight
|
Could the concerted efforts being made to fight the AIDS pandemic have resulted in health officials and professionals taking their eyes off another sexually transmitted disease causing many deaths?
|
Staying uninvolved while interviewing participants for a study about the effect of food shortages on H.I.V. treatment is often difficult, one researcher finds.
|
eng_Latn
| 235,545 |
HIV prevention could save millions in Africa: study
|
Using drugs to prevent HIV infection could prevent as many as 3 million new cases in Africa if it was done right, researchers predicted on Tuesday.
|
The pharmaceutical company Merck halted test vaccinations on a much-heralded H.I.V. vaccine after it failed to prevent or reduce the severity of infection.
|
eng_Latn
| 235,547 |
Sex workers march for rights at AIDS conference
|
Sex workers and their supporters from 21 countries marched on Wednesday through the 16th International AIDS Conference to demand their own place not only at the conference, but in their own societies.
|
Staying uninvolved while interviewing participants for a study about the effect of food shortages on H.I.V. treatment is often difficult, one researcher finds.
|
eng_Latn
| 235,552 |
HEALTH Round-up:HIV, AIDS and gender inequality
|
It was activities galore as the world celebrated the World HIV/AIDS Day. The celebration explores how gender inequality fuels the AIDS epidemic and is conceived to accelerate the global response
|
Staying uninvolved while interviewing participants for a study about the effect of food shortages on H.I.V. treatment is often difficult, one researcher finds.
|
eng_Latn
| 235,575 |
Women and AIDS: Some Chilling Statistics
|
Tuesday, December 1 is World AIDS Day, and in anticipation of this event, UNAIDS and the World Health Organization has released a report documenting the increase in the spread of AIDS worldwide.
|
Staying uninvolved while interviewing participants for a study about the effect of food shortages on H.I.V. treatment is often difficult, one researcher finds.
|
eng_Latn
| 235,576 |
Enlisting Literature to Fight AIDS
|
Nadine Gordimer and her literary A-list have created a new anthology whose profits will go to a southern African organization that helps people with AIDS and H.I.V.
|
Staying uninvolved while interviewing participants for a study about the effect of food shortages on H.I.V. treatment is often difficult, one researcher finds.
|
kor_Hang
| 235,577 |
AIDS Infection Rates at Crucial Stage in Many Countries
|
The head of the UN AIDS program says HIV epidemics in some of the world's most populous countries are close to a turning point.
|
Staying uninvolved while interviewing participants for a study about the effect of food shortages on H.I.V. treatment is often difficult, one researcher finds.
|
eng_Latn
| 235,579 |
Black-White Differences in HIV Care Seen in US
|
NEW YORK - The level of care given to black patients with HIV in the US seems to depend on the whether the doctor is black or white, new study findings show.
|
Helped by two whistle-blowers, the lawyer who beat Big Tobacco is on a new crusade -- to fight what clinics charge the uninsured
|
eng_Latn
| 235,614 |
What was the overall incidence of HIV or AIDS throughout the 15 to 49 year old population?
|
Public expenditure health was at 8.9% of the GDP in 2004, whereas private expenditure was at 1.3%. As of 2012, the HIV/AIDS prevalence was at 2.8% among 15- to 49-year-olds. Health expenditure was at US$30 per capita in 2004. A large proportion of the population is undernourished, with malnutrition being a problem in Congo-Brazzaville. There were 20 physicians per 100,000 persons in the early 2000s (decade).
|
In its 2011 report, conducted in partnership with IDC and Ipsos Public Affairs, the BSA stated: "Over half of the world's personal computer users – 57 percent – admit to pirating software." The ninth annual "BSA Global Software Piracy Study" claims that the "commercial value of this shadow market of pirated software" was worth US$63.4 billion in 2011, with the highest commercial value of pirated PC software existent in the U.S. during that time period (US$9,773,000). According to the 2011 study, Zimbabwe was the nation with the highest piracy rate, at 92%, while the lowest piracy rate was present in the U.S., at 19%.
|
eng_Latn
| 235,619 |
if I told you that I'm currently studying for my PhD in Clinical Psychology and that this was a test to monitor human communication online.Probably not. Thanks for the help.
|
You know, before George W. Bush became the President of the US, I wouldn't have believed you. Now that I know that is possible, I know that ANYTHING is possible. So yes, I would believe you.
|
Look up the name "mechai" and you will learn plenty about the aggressive public health campaign that brought condom use and AIDS prevention to the forefront of Thai popular culture. Mechai is the name of a man who launched an essentially one-man campaign to encourage condom use in Thais. When his efforts took off, local health authorities came in to help him with HIV prevention efforts. As a result, skyrocketing HIV incidence actually leveled off within a few years.\n\nHave you taken the time to learn about health behavior thoery? You might want to read about the Health Belief Model, Trans-Theoretical Model and Social Cognitive Theory. When you learn about these health behavior theories, the matieral is generally accompanied by examples of past health promotional campaigns built around those frameworks.
|
eng_Latn
| 235,620 |
post-exposure prophylaxis hours
|
There is no medical agreement on the time limit for administering PEP. Some healthcare workers suggest beginning PEP 24-36 hours after possible exposure to HIV through rape or unprotected sex, other international guidelines suggest 24-48 hours. South African policy.
|
However, on average, if no post-exposure prophylaxis is given, the risk is about 0.33% after a needlestick injury. Infection from mucosal exposure has been reported, but rates are very low, around 0.09%3. A CDC study specifically identified four statistically significant risk factors4:
|
eng_Latn
| 235,623 |
AIDS In South Africa
|
The end of the court battle between the South African goverment and three dozen of the world's drug companies has dropped prices of HIV and AIDS drugs in many countries. While these drugs are now available to the affected millions who are mostly poor, there are far more basic things yet to be taken care of. NPR'S Brenda Wilson reports.
|
In 1932, the U.S. government withheld syphilis treatment for 600 Black men in Tuskegee, Alabama, to study the effects of the disease. The infamous experiment has since loomed in the American conscience as the prime documented portrayal of racism in the medical field. And it has been raised repeatedly throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, which has disproportionately affected people of color. Dr. Deanah Maxwell Stafford grew up in Tuskegee and is now vaccinating patients against the coronavirus there. She speaks with Here & Now‘s Tonya Mosley about how she is helping residents overcome hesitancy. This article was originally published on WBUR.org.
|
kor_Hang
| 235,632 |
As AIDS Summit Begins, Rate Of Progress Decried
|
The 17th International AIDS Conference begins today in Mexico City. The world's experts gather as a new study shows a slight decline in AIDS infections worldwide. But some say the rate of decline is too slow — and question whether international agencies are doing enough to battle the epidemic.
|
NPR's Steve Inskeep speaks with Reed Tuckson, one of the health care workers behind the Black Coalition Against COVID-19. They want the Black community to embrace future COVID-19 vaccines.
|
kor_Hang
| 235,636 |
AIDS Vaccine Prevents Some HIV Infections
|
Researchers say that a new AIDS vaccine is somewhat protective against the strain of HIV that is circulating in Southeast Asia. The vaccine, which combines two earlier vaccines that failed to protect people, was 31 percent effective in a Thai study. Experts say the finding is significant progress toward developing a vaccine that might be successful one day.
|
Millions of Texans are without water due to the storm. President Biden will speak at the Munich Security Conference. And, Native Americans have had an extremely effective COVID-19 vaccination plan.
|
kor_Hang
| 235,643 |
"The Hot Zone", a medical thriller, tells the true story of an outbreak of this virus near Washington, D.C.
|
The Hot Zone - Wikipedia The Hot Zone: A Terrifying True Story is a best-selling 1995 nonfiction thriller by Richard Preston about the origins and incidents involving viral ... The EVD outbreaks caused by EBOV and its cousin, Sudan virus (SUDV) are ... In Reston, Virginia, less than fifteen miles (24 km) away from Washington, DC, a company called...
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Khmer Rouge - Wikipedia Khmers rouges more commonly known in English as Khmer Rouge was the name given to the ... It was used to refer to a succession of communist parties in Cambodia which evolved ... Pol Pot strongly influenced the propagation of this policy. .... and then went to Paris in 1949 to study radio electronics (other sources say he...
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eng_Latn
| 235,658 |
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