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what date did the second world war end | also not universally agreed upon. It was generally accepted at the time that the war ended with the armistice of 14 August 1945 (V-J Day), rather than the formal surrender of Japan, which was on 2 September 1945 that officially ended the war in Asia. A peace treaty with Japan was signed in 1951. A treaty regarding Germany's future allowed the reunification of East and West Germany to take place in 1990 and resolved most post-World War II issues. No formal peace treaty between Japan and the Soviet Union was ever signed. World War I had radically altered the political | of the German Armed Forces High Command, General Alfred Jodl, signed an unconditional surrender document for all German forces to the Allies, committing representatives of the German High Command to attend a definitive signing ceremony in Berlin. General Franz Böhme announced the unconditional surrender of German troops in Norway on 7 May. It included the phrase "All forces under German control to cease active operations at 2301 hours Central European Time on May 8, 1945." The next day, Field Marshal Wilhelm Keitel and other German OKW representatives travelled to Berlin, and shortly before midnight signed an amended and definitive document | eng_Latn | 3,110,853 |
when was the first women 's day celebrated | public holiday in some countries and largely ignored elsewhere. In some places, it is a day of protest; in others, it is a day that celebrates womanhood. The earliest Women's Day observance, called "National Woman's Day," was held on February 28, 1909 in New York, organized by the Socialist Party of America at the suggestion of Theresa Malkiel. Though there have been claims that the day was commemorating a protest by women garment workers in New York on March 8, 1857, researchers have described this as a myth. In August 1910, an International Socialist Women's Conference was organized to precede | In the Austro-Hungarian Empire alone, there were 300 demonstrations. In Vienna, women paraded on the Ringstrasse and carried banners honouring the martyrs of the Paris Commune. Women demanded that they be given the right to vote and to hold public office. They also protested against employment sex discrimination. The Americans continued to celebrate National Women's Day on the last Sunday in February. In 1913 Russian women observed their first International Women's Day on the last Saturday in February (by the Julian calendar then used in Russia). In 1914 International Women's Day was held on March 8 in Germany, possibly because | eng_Latn | 3,110,854 |
which british prime minister declared war on germany | British and French declaration of war on Germany The Declaration of war by France and the United Kingdom was given on 3rd September 1939, after German forces invaded Poland. Despite the speech being the official announcement of both France and the United Kingdom, the speech was given by the British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain, in Westminster, London. Below is the speech, given by Neville Chamberlain. This audio from the broadcast of the speech contains the first 2 minutes, 53 seconds of the declaration. At the conclusion of the First World War, the German Empire signed the First Armistice at Compiègne | notice from Germany proposing to Belgium friendly neutrality, covering free passage on Belgian territory, and promising maintenance of independence of the kingdom and possession at the conclusion of peace, and threatening, in case of refusal, to treat Belgium as an enemy. A time limit of twelve hours was fixed for the reply. Grey then informed the house Belgium had informed him they would enter into no agreement with Germany. On August 4, 1914 Herbert Asquith, the Prime Minister, made the following statement in the House of Commons: On August 5, 1914 Asquith announced the following statement to the House of | eng_Latn | 3,110,855 |
when did veteran 's day become a holiday | U.S. veteran organizations, Armistice Day was renamed Veterans Day in 1954. Veterans Day is distinct from Memorial Day, a U.S. public holiday in May. Veterans Day celebrates the service of all U.S. military veterans, while Memorial Day honors those who "died" while in military service. There is another military holiday, Armed Forces Day, a minor U.S. remembrance that also occurs in May, which honors those "currently serving" in the U.S. military. On November 11, 1919, U.S. President Woodrow Wilson issued a message to his countrymen on the first Armistice Day, in which he expressed what he felt the day meant | accordance with the Uniform Monday Holiday Act, Veterans Day was moved to the fourth Monday of October (October 25, 1971; October 23, 1972; October 22, 1973; October 28, 1974; October 27, 1975; October 25, 1976, and October 24, 1977). In 1978, it was moved back to its original celebration on November 11. While the legal holiday remains on November 11, if that date happens to be on a Saturday or Sunday, then organizations that formally observe the holiday will normally be closed on the adjacent Friday or Monday, respectively. Because it is a federal holiday, some American workers and many | eng_Latn | 3,110,856 |
when did pearl harbor day become a holiday | National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day, also referred to as Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day or Pearl Harbor Day, is observed annually in the United States on December 7, to remember and honor the 2,403 citizens of the United States who were killed in the Japanese surprise attack on Pearl Harbor in Hawaii on December 7, 1941. On August 23, 1994, the United States Congress, by , designated December 7 of each year as National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day. On November 29, President Bill Clinton issued a proclamation declaring December 7, 1994, the first National Pearl Harbor | Remembrance Day. It became (Patriotic and National Observances and Ceremonies) of the United States Code. On Pearl Harbor Day, the American flag should be flown at half-staff until sunset to honor those who died as a result of the attack on U.S. military forces in Hawaii. Pearl Harbor Day is not a federal holiday – government offices, schools, and businesses do not close. Some organizations may hold special events in memory of those killed or injured at Pearl Harbor. On Sunday morning, December 7, 1941, the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service attacked Naval Station Pearl Harbor in Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaii | eng_Latn | 3,110,857 |
when did france sign an armistice with germany | Armistice of 22 June 1940 The Armistice of 22 June 1940 was signed at 18:36 near Compiègne, France, by officials of Nazi Germany and the French Third Republic. It did not come into effect until after midnight on 25 June. Signatories for Germany included senior military officers like Wilhelm Keitel, the commander-in-chief of the Wehrmacht (the German armed forces), while those on the French side were more junior, such as General Charles Huntziger. Following the decisive German victory in the Battle of France (10 May–21 June 1940), this armistice established a German occupation zone in Northern and Western France that | Armistice of 11 November 1918 The Armistice of 11 November 1918 was the armistice that ended fighting on land, sea and air in World War I between the Allies and their opponent, Germany. Previous armistices had been agreed with Bulgaria, the Ottoman Empire and the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Also known as the Armistice of Compiègne from the place where it was signed at 5:45 a.m. by the French Marshal Foch, it came into force at 11:11 a.m. Paris time on 11 November 1918 ("the eleventh minute of the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month") and marked a | eng_Latn | 3,110,858 |
when did the tomb of the unknown soldier start | name. On March 4, 1921, the United States Congress approved the burial of an unidentified American serviceman from World War I in the plaza of the new Memorial Amphitheater. On November 11, 1921, the unknown soldier brought back from France was interred below a three-level marble tomb. The bottom two levels are six marble sections each and the top at least nine blocks with a rectangular opening in the center of each level through which the unknown remains were placed through the tomb and into the ground below. A stone, rather than marble, slab covers the rectangular opening. Since 1921 | those in attendance should remain "silent and standing" throughout the entire event. A civilian guard was first posted at the Tomb on November 17, 1925, to prevent, among other things, families from picnicking on the flat marble slab with views of the city. A military guard was first posted on March 25, 1926. The first 24-hour guard was posted on midnight, July 2, 1937. The Tomb of the Unknowns has been guarded continuously, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, since that time. Inclement weather, terrorist attacks, et cetera, do not cause the watch to cease. Since 1948, the | eng_Latn | 3,110,859 |
who did the allies sign a truce with in 1918 ( end of the war ) | victory for the Allies and a defeat for Germany, although not formally a surrender. The actual terms, largely written by the Allied Supreme Commander, Marshal Ferdinand Foch, included the cessation of hostilities, the withdrawal of German forces to behind the Rhine, Allied occupation of the Rhineland and bridgeheads further east, the preservation of infrastructure, the surrender of aircraft, warships, and military materiel, the release of Allied prisoners of war and interned civilians, eventual reparations, no release of German prisoners and no relaxation of the naval blockade of Germany. Although the armistice ended the fighting, it needed to be prolonged three | cabinet had earlier received a message from Hindenburg, requesting that the armistice be signed even if the Allied conditions could not be improved on. The Armistice was agreed upon at 5:00 a.m. on 11 November, to come into effect at 11:00 a.m. Paris time (noon German time), for which reason the occasion is sometimes referred to as "the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month". Signatures were made between 5:12 a.m. and 5:20 a.m., Paris time. The occupation of the Rhineland took place following the Armistice. The occupying armies consisted of American, Belgian, British, and French forces. | eng_Latn | 3,110,860 |
who was involved in the ww1 christmas truce | Christmas truce The Christmas truce (; ) was a series of widespread but unofficial ceasefires along the Western Front of World War I around Christmas 1914. The Christmas truce occurred during the relatively early period of the war (month 5 of 51). Hostilities had entered somewhat of a lull as leadership on both sides reconsidered their strategies following the stalemate of the Race to the Sea and the indecisive result of the First Battle of Ypres. In the week leading up to the 25th, French, German, and British soldiers crossed trenches to exchange seasonal greetings and talk. In some areas, | football team manager Roy Hodgson. The "Football Remembers" memorial was designed by a ten-year-old schoolboy, Spencer Turner, after a UK-wide competition. The Midway Village in Rockford, Illinois has hosted re-enactments of the Christmas Truce. Christmas truce The Christmas truce (; ) was a series of widespread but unofficial ceasefires along the Western Front of World War I around Christmas 1914. The Christmas truce occurred during the relatively early period of the war (month 5 of 51). Hostilities had entered somewhat of a lull as leadership on both sides reconsidered their strategies following the stalemate of the Race to the Sea | eng_Latn | 3,110,861 |
when was the national world war ii memorial built | National World War II Memorial The World War II Memorial is a memorial of national significance dedicated to Americans who served in the armed forces and as civilians during World War II. Consisting of 56 pillars and a pair of small triumphal arches surrounding a square and fountain, it sits on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., on the former site of the Rainbow Pool at the eastern end of the Reflecting Pool, between the Lincoln Memorial and the Washington Monument. Opened on April 29, 2004, it was dedicated by President George W. Bush on May 29, 2004. The memorial | the groundbreaking ceremony on November 1, 1921, were 200,000 people, including then-Vice President Calvin Coolidge, Lieutenant General Baron Jacques of Belgium, Admiral of the Fleet Lord Beatty of Great Britain, General Armando Diaz of Italy, Marshal Ferdinand Foch of France, and General of the Armies John Pershing of the United States, along with sixty thousand members of the American Legion. The local veteran chosen to present flags to the commanders was a Kansas City haberdasher, Harry S. Truman, who would later serve as 33rd President of the United States, (1945-1952). The finished monument was dedicated on November 11, 1926, by | eng_Latn | 3,110,862 |
when did they change armistice day to remembrance day | In France, more than 60 heads of government and heads of state gathered at the Arc de Triomphe in Paris. The first Armistice Day was held at Buckingham Palace, commencing with King George V, hosting a "Banquet in Honour of the President of the French Republic" during the evening hours of 10 November 1919. The first official Armistice Day events were subsequently held in the grounds of Buckingham Palace on the morning of 11 November 1919, which included a two-minute silence as a mark of respect for those who died in the war and those left behind. This would set | period of 36 days and had to be extended several times. A formal peace agreement was only reached when the Treaty of Versailles was signed the following year. The date is a national holiday in France, and was declared a national holiday in many Allied nations. During World War II, many countries changed the name of the holiday. Member states of the Commonwealth of Nations adopted Remembrance Day, while the US chose Veterans Day. In some countries Armistice Day coincides with other public holidays.<br> On 11 November 2018, the centenary of the World War One Armistice, commemorations were held globally. | eng_Latn | 3,110,863 |
what is the name of the battle that occurred in the last 100 days of wwi | Hundred Days Offensive The Hundred Days Offensive (8 August to 11 November 1918) was an Allied offensive which ended the First World War. Beginning with the Battle of Amiens (8–12 August) on the Western Front, the Allies pushed Central Powers back after their gains from the Spring Offensive. The Germans eventually retreated to the Hindenburg Line, culminating in the Armistice of 11 November 1918. The term "Hundred Days Offensive" does not refer to a battle or strategy, but rather the rapid series of Allied victories against which the German armies had no reply. The Spring Offensive of the German Army | (with the French attack on the southern flank called the Battle of Montdidier) opened on 8 August 1918, with an attack by more than 10 Allied divisions—Australian, Canadian, British and French forces—with more than 500 tanks. Through careful preparation, the Allies achieved surprise. The attack, led by the British Fourth Army, broke through the German lines and tanks attacked German rear positions, sowing panic and confusion. By the end of the day, a gap wide had been created in the German line south of the Somme. The Allies had taken 17,000 prisoners and 330 guns. Total German losses were estimated | eng_Latn | 3,110,864 |
what was the front line trench in ww1 | Hindenburg Line The Hindenburg Line ( or Siegfried Position) was a German defensive position of World War I, built during the winter of 1916–1917 on the Western Front, from Arras to Laffaux, near Soissons on the Aisne. In 1916, the German offensive at the Battle of Verdun had been a costly failure. The Anglo-French offensive at the Battle of the Somme had forced a defensive battle on the Germans, leaving the western armies ("Westheer") exhausted. On the Eastern Front, the Brusilov Offensive had inflicted huge losses on the Austro-Hungarian armies in Russia and forced the Germans to take over more | Flanders Fields Flanders Fields is a common English name of the World War I battlefields in an area straddling the Belgian provinces of West Flanders and East Flanders as well as the French department of Nord-Pas-de-Calais, part of which makes up the area known as French Flanders. The name Flanders Fields is particularly associated with battles that took place in the Ypres Salient, including the Second Battle of Ypres and the Battle of Passchendaele. For most of the war, the front line ran continuously from south of Zeebrugge on the Belgian coast, across Flanders Fields into the centre of Northern | eng_Latn | 3,110,865 |
when did memorial day become a holiday honoring the american dead from all wars | Day in Charleston, South Carolina", in 2012, Blight stated that he "has no evidence" that the event in Charleston inspired the establishment of Memorial Day across the country. Accordingly, investigators for Time Magazine, LiveScience, RealClearLife and Snopes have called this conclusion into question. In 1868, copying the southern annual observance of the previous three years, General John A. Logan of the Grand Army of the Republic, an organization of Union veterans founded in Decatur, Illinois, established Decoration Day as a time for the nation to decorate the graves of the Union war dead with flowers. By the 20th century, various | cultural significance. Under the leadership of women during the war, an increasingly formal practice of decorating graves had taken shape. In 1865, the federal government began creating national military cemeteries for the Union war dead. On May 1, 1865, in Charleston, South Carolina, recently freed African-Americans held a parade of 10,000 people to honor 257 dead Union Soldiers, whose remains they had reburied from a mass grave in a Confederate prison camp. Historian David W. Blight cites contemporary news reports of this incident in the "Charleston Daily Courier" and the "New-York Tribune." Although Blight claimed that "African Americans invented Memorial | eng_Latn | 3,110,866 |
should the flag be flown at half staff on memorial day | it is common to fly the flag at half staff, until noon, in remembrance of those who lost their lives fighting in U.S. wars. The United States Flag Code outlines certain guidelines for the use, display, and disposal of the flag. For example, the flag should never be dipped to any person or thing, unless it is the ensign responding to a salute from a ship of a foreign nation. This tradition may come from the 1908 Summer Olympics in London, where countries were asked to dip their flag to King Edward VII: the American flag bearer did not. Team | be flown at half-staff on Peace Officers Memorial Day (May 15), unless that day is also Armed Forces Day. Presidential proclamations also call for the flag to be flown at half-staff on Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day (December 7), and Patriot Day (September 11). On October 16, 2001, President George W. Bush approved legislation requiring the United States flag to be lowered to half-staff on all Federal buildings to memorialize fallen firefighters. requires this action to occur annually in conjunction with observance of the National Fallen Firefighters Memorial Service. The date of the National Fallen Firefighters Memorial Service is traditionally the | eng_Latn | 3,110,867 |
who plays the last post at the menin gate | name is removed from the Menin Gate. Eight recipients of the Victoria Cross are commemorated on this memorial, listed under their respective regiments: Others listed include: Following the Menin Gate Memorial opening in 1927, the citizens of Ypres wanted to express their gratitude towards those who had given their lives for Belgium's freedom. Hence every evening at 20:00, buglers from the Last Post Association close the road which passes under the memorial and sound the "Last Post". Except for the occupation by the Germans in World War II when the daily ceremony was conducted at Brookwood Military Cemetery, in Surrey, | England, this ceremony has been carried on uninterrupted since 2 July 1928. On the evening that Polish forces liberated Ypres in the Second World War, the ceremony was resumed at the Menin Gate despite the fact that heavy fighting was still taking place in other parts of the town. During an extended version of the ceremony, individuals or groups may lay a wreath to commemorate the fallen. Bands and choirs from around the world may also apply to participate in the ceremonies. This extended version of the ceremony also starts at 20:00, but lasts longer than the normal ceremony, when | eng_Latn | 3,110,868 |
when did voyager 1 leave our solar system | spacecraft's course could have been altered to include a Pluto encounter by forgoing the Titan flyby, exploration of the moon, which was known to have a substantial atmosphere, took priority. It studied the weather, magnetic fields and rings of the two planets and was the first probe to provide detailed images of their moons. After completing its primary mission with the flyby of Saturn on November 12, 1980, "Voyager 1" became the third of five artificial objects to achieve the escape velocity that will allow them to leave the Solar System. On August 25, 2012, "Voyager 1" became the first | confirmed on December 13, 2010 that "Voyager 1" had passed the reach of the radial outward flow of the solar wind, as measured by the Low Energy Charged Particle device. It is suspected that solar wind at this distance turns sideways because of interstellar wind pushing against the heliosphere. Since June 2010, detection of solar wind had been consistently at zero, providing conclusive evidence of the event. On this date, the spacecraft was approximately 116 AU or 10.8 billion miles (17.3 billion kilometers) from the Sun. "Voyager 1" was commanded to change its orientation to measure the sideways motion of | eng_Latn | 3,110,869 |
what is the speed of the earth 's orbit around the sun | As seen from Earth, the planet's orbital prograde motion makes the Sun appear to move with respect to other stars at a rate of about 1° (or a Sun or Moon diameter every 12 hours) eastward per solar day. Earth's orbital speed averages about 30 km/s (108,000 km/h; 67,000 mph), which is fast enough to cover the planet's diameter in 7 minutes and the distance to the Moon in 4 hours. From a vantage point above the north pole of either the Sun or Earth, Earth would appear to revolve in a counterclockwise direction around the Sun. From the same | is absorbed by the higher proportion of water in the southern hemisphere. The Hill sphere (gravitational sphere of influence) of the Earth is about 1,500,000 kilometers (0.01 AU) in radius, or approximately 4 times the average distance to the moon. This is the maximal distance at which the Earth's gravitational influence is stronger than the more distant Sun and planets. Objects orbiting the Earth must be within this radius, otherwise they can become unbound by the gravitational perturbation of the Sun. The following diagram shows the relation between the line of solstice and the line of apsides of Earth's elliptical | eng_Latn | 3,110,870 |
when did the cassini spacecraft arrived at saturn | was active in space for nearly 20 years, with 13 years spent orbiting Saturn, studying the planet and its system after entering orbit on July 1, 2004. The voyage to Saturn included flybys of Venus (April 1998 and July 1999), Earth (August 1999), the asteroid 2685 Masursky, and Jupiter (December 2000). Its mission ended on September 15, 2017, when "Cassini's" trajectory took it into Saturn's upper atmosphere and it burned up in order to prevent any risk of contaminating Saturn's moons, which might have offered habitable environments to stowaway terrestrial microbes on the spacecraft. The mission is widely perceived to | 2017, on which date "Cassini" was de-orbited to burn up in Saturn's upper atmosphere. The "Huygens" module traveled with "Cassini" until its separation from the probe on December 25, 2004; it was landed by parachute on Titan on January 14, 2005. It returned data to Earth for around 90 minutes, using the orbiter as a relay. This was the first landing ever accomplished in the outer Solar System and the first landing on a moon other than our own. At the end of its mission, the "Cassini" spacecraft executed the "Grand Finale" of its mission: a number of risky passes | eng_Latn | 3,110,871 |
name of the largest planet in the solar system | other bodies orbiting the Sun. The principal component of the Solar System is the Sun, a G2 main-sequence star that contains 99.86% of the system's known mass and dominates it gravitationally. The Sun's four largest orbiting bodies, the giant planets, account for 99% of the remaining mass, with Jupiter and Saturn together comprising more than 90%. The remaining objects of the Solar System (including the four terrestrial planets, the dwarf planets, moons, asteroids, and comets) together comprise less than 0.002% of the Solar System's total mass. Most large objects in orbit around the Sun lie near the plane of Earth's | Solar System The Solar System is the gravitationally bound system of the Sun and the objects that orbit it, either directly or indirectly. Of the objects that orbit the Sun directly, the largest are the eight planets, with the remainder being smaller objects, such as the five dwarf planets and small Solar System bodies. Of the objects that orbit the Sun indirectly—the moons—two are larger than the smallest planet, Mercury. The Solar System formed 4.6 billion years ago from the gravitational collapse of a giant interstellar molecular cloud. The vast majority of the system's mass is in the Sun, with | eng_Latn | 3,110,872 |
1 solar day is equal to how many hours | at various positions in their orbit, a solar day is not the same length of time throughout the orbital year. Because the Earth orbits the Sun elliptically as the Earth spins on an inclined axis, this period can be up to 7.9 seconds more than (or less than) 24 hours. In recent decades, the average length of a solar day on Earth has been about 86 400.002 seconds (24.000 000 6 hours) and there are about 365.2422 solar days in one mean tropical year. Ancient custom has a new day start at either the rising or setting of the Sun | daytime may extend beyond one 24 hour period and could even extend to months Day A day, a unit of time, is approximately the period of time during which the Earth completes one rotation with respect to the Sun ("solar day"). In 1960, the second was redefined in terms of the orbital motion of the Earth in year 1900, and was designated the SI base unit of time. The unit of measurement "day", was redefined as 86 400 SI seconds and symbolized "d". In 1967, the second and so the day were redefined by atomic electron transition. A civil day | eng_Latn | 3,110,873 |
how long does it take for titan to orbit saturn | the legendary Golden Age. Titan orbits Saturn once every 15 days and 22 hours. Like the Moon and many of the satellites of the giant planets, its rotational period (its day) is identical to its orbital period; Titan is tidally locked in synchronous rotation with Saturn, and permanently shows one face to the planet, so Titan's "day" is equal to its orbit period. Because of this, there is a sub-Saturnian point on its surface, from which the planet would always appear to hang directly overhead. Longitudes on Titan are measured westward, starting from the meridian passing through this point. Its | from Saturn, Titan receives only a third of its heat from its primary. Titan's temperature is comparable to Earth's Antarctic regions, ranging from just above freezing during the day to eighty below zero Fahrenheit during the nine-hour-long nights. Due to Saturn's tidal pull, Titan is also subject to 100 mph winds, which blow from east to west during half of the moon's sixteen-day revolution around its primary, and west to east during the other half, only dying down for half an hour in between each shift in direction. Despite all this, Titan has a flourishing Arctic ecosystem, apparently at the | eng_Latn | 3,110,874 |
the shape of the earth 's path around the sun | is absorbed by the higher proportion of water in the southern hemisphere. The Hill sphere (gravitational sphere of influence) of the Earth is about 1,500,000 kilometers (0.01 AU) in radius, or approximately 4 times the average distance to the moon. This is the maximal distance at which the Earth's gravitational influence is stronger than the more distant Sun and planets. Objects orbiting the Earth must be within this radius, otherwise they can become unbound by the gravitational perturbation of the Sun. The following diagram shows the relation between the line of solstice and the line of apsides of Earth's elliptical | Earth's orbit All celestial bodies in the Solar System, including planets such as our own, orbit around the Solar System's centre of mass. The sun makes up 99.76% of this mass which is why the centre of mass is extremely close to the sun. Earth's orbit is the trajectory along which Earth travels around the Sun. The average distance between the Earth and the Sun is 149.60 million km (92.96 million mi), and one complete orbit takes days (1 sidereal year), during which time Earth has traveled 940 million km (584 million mi). Earth's orbit has an eccentricity of 0.0167. | eng_Latn | 3,110,875 |
where does geothermal energy come from sunlight the oceans the land inside earth wind | 340 W/m². Since the absorption varies with location as well as with diurnal, seasonal and annual variations, the numbers quoted are long-term averages, typically averaged from multiple satellite measurements. Of the ~340 W/m² of solar radiation received by the Earth, an average of ~77 W/m² is reflected back to space by clouds and the atmosphere and ~23 W/m² is reflected by the surface albedo, leaving ~240 W/m² of solar energy input to the Earth's energy budget. This gives the earth a mean net albedo of 0.29. The geothermal heat flux from the Earth's interior is estimated to be 47 terawatts. | light at the Earth's surface is mostly spread across the visible and near-infrared ranges with a small part in the near-ultraviolet. Most of the world's population live in areas with insolation levels of 150–300 watts/m², or 3.5–7.0 kWh/m² per day. Solar radiation is absorbed by the Earth's land surface, oceans – which cover about 71% of the globe – and atmosphere. Warm air containing evaporated water from the oceans rises, causing atmospheric circulation or convection. When the air reaches a high altitude, where the temperature is low, water vapor condenses into clouds, which rain onto the Earth's surface, completing the | eng_Latn | 3,110,876 |
what is the speed of earth around sun | As seen from Earth, the planet's orbital prograde motion makes the Sun appear to move with respect to other stars at a rate of about 1° (or a Sun or Moon diameter every 12 hours) eastward per solar day. Earth's orbital speed averages about 30 km/s (108,000 km/h; 67,000 mph), which is fast enough to cover the planet's diameter in 7 minutes and the distance to the Moon in 4 hours. From a vantage point above the north pole of either the Sun or Earth, Earth would appear to revolve in a counterclockwise direction around the Sun. From the same | from the planet (or its moon) to Earth is shorter when the Earth is at the point in its orbit that is closest to its planet than when the Earth is at the farthest point in its orbit, the difference in distance being the diameter of the Earth's orbit around the Sun. The observed change in the moon's orbital period is caused by the difference in the time it takes light to traverse the shorter or longer distance. Rømer observed this effect for Jupiter's innermost moon Io and deduced that light takes 22 minutes to cross the diameter of the | eng_Latn | 3,110,877 |
what is the name of the suns surface layer | see is produced as electrons react with hydrogen atoms to produce H ions. The photosphere is tens to hundreds of kilometers thick, and is slightly less opaque than air on Earth. Because the upper part of the photosphere is cooler than the lower part, an image of the Sun appears brighter in the center than on the edge or "limb" of the solar disk, in a phenomenon known as limb darkening. The spectrum of sunlight has approximately the spectrum of a black-body radiating at 5,777 K, interspersed with atomic absorption lines from the tenuous layers above the photosphere. The photosphere | from 0.25 solar radii to the 0.7 radii, the top of the radiative zone. The radiative zone and the convective zone are separated by a transition layer, the tachocline. This is a region where the sharp regime change between the uniform rotation of the radiative zone and the differential rotation of the convection zone results in a large shear between the two—a condition where successive horizontal layers slide past one another. Presently, it is hypothesized (see Solar dynamo) that a magnetic dynamo within this layer generates the Sun's magnetic field. The Sun's convection zone extends from 0.7 solar radii (500,000 | eng_Latn | 3,110,878 |
how many earth days in a venus day | Venus Venus is the second planet from the Sun, orbiting it every 224.7 Earth days. It has the longest rotation period (243 days) of any planet in the Solar System and rotates in the opposite direction to most other planets (meaning the Sun would rise in the west and set in the east). It does not have any natural satellites. It is named after the Roman goddess of love and beauty. It is the second-brightest natural object in the night sky after the Moon, reaching an apparent magnitude of −4.6 – bright enough to cast shadows at night and, rarely, | can be as far as 9.6° from the Sun when viewed from the Earth at inferior conjunction. Since the angular diameter of the Sun is about half a degree, Venus may appear to pass above or below the Sun by more than 18 solar diameters during an ordinary conjunction. Sequences of transits usually repeat every 243 years. After this period of time Venus and Earth have returned to very nearly the same point in their respective orbits. During the Earth's 243 sidereal orbital periods, which total 88,757.3 days, Venus completes 395 sidereal orbital periods of 224.701 days each, equal to | eng_Latn | 3,110,879 |
name for venus when it rises before the sun | crescent phase about one month before or after inferior conjunction. Venus fades to about magnitude −3 when it is backlit by the Sun. The planet is bright enough to be seen in a clear midday sky and is more easily visible when the Sun is low on the horizon or setting. As an inferior planet, it always lies within about 47° of the Sun. Venus "overtakes" Earth every 584 days as it orbits the Sun. As it does so, it changes from the "Evening Star", visible after sunset, to the "Morning Star", visible before sunrise. Although Mercury, the other inferior | heights. Venus Venus is the second planet from the Sun, orbiting it every 224.7 Earth days. It has the longest rotation period (243 days) of any planet in the Solar System and rotates in the opposite direction to most other planets (meaning the Sun would rise in the west and set in the east). It does not have any natural satellites. It is named after the Roman goddess of love and beauty. It is the second-brightest natural object in the night sky after the Moon, reaching an apparent magnitude of −4.6 – bright enough to cast shadows at night and, | eng_Latn | 3,110,880 |
where is most of the sun 's energy produced | rotation rate in the core than in the radiative zone above. Through most of the Sun's life, energy has been produced by nuclear fusion in the core region through a series of steps called the p–p (proton–proton) chain; this process converts hydrogen into helium. Only 0.8% of the energy generated in the Sun comes from the CNO cycle, though this proportion is expected to increase as the Sun becomes older. The core is the only region in the Sun that produces an appreciable amount of thermal energy through fusion; 99% of the power is generated within 24% of the Sun's | Sun The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System. It is a nearly perfect sphere of hot plasma, with internal convective motion that generates a magnetic field via a dynamo process.<ref name="doi10.1146/annurev-astro-081913-040012"></ref> It is by far the most important source of energy for life on Earth. Its diameter is about 1.39 million kilometers, or 109 times that of Earth, and its mass is about 330,000 times that of Earth. It accounts for about 99.86% of the total mass of the Solar System. Roughly three quarters of the Sun's mass consists of hydrogen (~73%); the rest is | eng_Latn | 3,110,881 |
the ozonosphere is within which layer of earth 's atmosphere | Ozone layer The Ozone layer or ozone shield is a region of Earth's stratosphere that absorbs most of the Sun's ultraviolet radiation. It contains high concentrations of ozone (O) in relation to other parts of the atmosphere, although still small in relation to other gases in the stratosphere. The ozone layer contains less than 10 parts per million of ozone, while the average ozone concentration in Earth's atmosphere as a whole is about 0.3 parts per million. The ozone layer is mainly found in the lower portion of the stratosphere, from approximately above Earth, although its thickness varies seasonally and | the top of the thermosphere at an altitude of about 700 km above sea level, to about 10,000 km (6,200 mi; 33,000,000 ft) where it merges into the solar wind. This layer is mainly composed of extremely low densities of hydrogen, helium and several heavier molecules including nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide closer to the exobase. The atoms and molecules are so far apart that they can travel hundreds of kilometers without colliding with one another. Thus, the exosphere no longer behaves like a gas, and the particles constantly escape into space. These free-moving particles follow ballistic trajectories and may | eng_Latn | 3,110,882 |
where does the length of the day remain the same throughout the year | all other latitudes varies with the seasons. During the winter, daytime lasts shorter than 12 hours; during the summer, it lasts longer than 12 hours. Northern winter and southern summer concur, while northern summer and southern winter concur. At the Equator, the daytime period always lasts about 12 hours, regardless of season. As viewed from the Equator, the Sun always rises and sets vertically, following an apparent path nearly perpendicular to the horizon. Due to the axial tilt of Earth, Sun always lies within 23.5° north or south of the celestial equator, so the subsolar point always lies within the | daytime averages slightly more than half of the 24-hour day. Two effects make daytime on average longer than nights. The Sun is not a point, but has an apparent size of about 32 minutes of arc. Additionally, the atmosphere refracts sunlight in such a way that some of it reaches the ground even when the Sun is below the horizon by about 34 minutes of arc. So the first light reaches the ground when the centre of the Sun is still below the horizon by about 50 minutes of arc. Thus, daytime is on average around 7 minutes longer than | eng_Latn | 3,110,883 |
where is proxima centauri in the night sky | Proxima Centauri Proxima Centauri (), or Alpha Centauri C, is a red dwarf, a small low-mass star, about from the Sun in the constellation of Centaurus. It was discovered in 1915 by Robert Innes and is the nearest-known star to the Sun. With a quiescent apparent magnitude of 11.13, it is too faint to be seen with the naked eye. Proxima Centauri forms a third component of the Alpha Centauri system, currently with a separation of about and an orbital period of 550,000 years. At present Proxima is 2.18° to the southwest of Alpha Centauri. Because of Proxima Centauri's proximity | Hertzsprung–Russell diagram and is of spectral class M5.5. M5.5 means that it falls in the low-mass end of M-type stars. Its absolute visual magnitude, or its visual magnitude as viewed from a distance of , is 15.5. Its total luminosity over all wavelengths is 0.17% that of the Sun, although when observed in the wavelengths of visible light the eye is most sensitive to, it is only 0.0056% as luminous as the Sun. More than 85% of its radiated power is at infrared wavelengths. It has a regular activity cycle of starspots. In 2002, optical interferometry with the Very Large | eng_Latn | 3,110,884 |
what is the nearest solar system to earth | Alpha Centauri Alpha Centauri (α Centauri, abbreviated Alpha Cen or α Cen) is the closest star system to the Solar System at from the Sun. It is a triple star system, consisting of three stars: Alpha Centauri A (officially Rigil Kentaurus), Alpha Centauri B (officially Toliman), and Alpha Centauri C (officially Proxima Centauri). Alpha Centauri A and B are Sun-like stars (Class G and K), and together they form the binary star Alpha Centauri AB. To the naked eye, the two main components appear as a single star with an apparent magnitude of −0.27, forming the brightest point of light | Uranus Uranus (from the Latin name "Ūranus" for the Greek god Οὐρανός) is the seventh planet from the Sun. It has the third-largest planetary radius and fourth-largest planetary mass in the Solar System. Uranus is similar in composition to Neptune, and both have bulk chemical compositions which differ from that of the larger gas giants Jupiter and Saturn. For this reason, scientists often classify Uranus and Neptune as "ice giants" to distinguish them from the gas giants. Uranus' atmosphere is similar to Jupiter's and Saturn's in its primary composition of hydrogen and helium, but it contains more "ices" such as | eng_Latn | 3,110,885 |
what year did pluto become a dwarf planet | define the term "planet" formally in 2006, during their 26th General Assembly. That definition excluded Pluto and reclassified it as a dwarf planet. Pluto is the largest and second-most-massive known dwarf planet in the Solar System, and the ninth-largest and tenth-most-massive known object directly orbiting the Sun. It is the largest known trans-Neptunian object by volume but is less massive than Eris. Like other Kuiper belt objects, Pluto is primarily made of ice and rock and is relatively small—about one-sixth the mass of the Moon and one-third its volume. It has a moderately eccentric and inclined orbit during which it | other objects that have an orbital semi-major axis greater than that of Neptune and enough mass to be of near-spherical shape. Pluto's orbital period is currently about 248 years. Its orbital characteristics are substantially different from those of the planets, which follow nearly circular orbits around the Sun close to a flat reference plane called the ecliptic. In contrast, Pluto's orbit is moderately inclined relative to the ecliptic (over 17°) and moderately eccentric (elliptical). This eccentricity means a small region of Pluto's orbit lies closer to the Sun than Neptune's. The Pluto–Charon barycenter came to perihelion on September 5, 1989, | eng_Latn | 3,110,886 |
where does the greenhouse effect occur in the atmosphere | surface is largely opaque to thermal radiation (with important exceptions for "window" bands), and most heat loss from the surface is by sensible heat and latent heat transport. Radiative energy losses become increasingly important higher in the atmosphere, largely because of the decreasing concentration of water vapor, an important greenhouse gas. It is more realistic to think of the greenhouse effect as applying to a "surface" in the mid-troposphere, which is effectively coupled to the surface by a lapse rate. The simple picture also assumes a steady state, but in the real world, there are variations due to the diurnal | space by the atmosphere and clouds, and 19% is absorbed by the atmosphere and clouds. Most of the remaining energy is absorbed at the surface of Earth. Because the Earth's surface is colder than the Sun, it radiates at wavelengths that are much longer than the wavelengths that were absorbed. Most of this thermal radiation is absorbed by the atmosphere and warms it. The atmosphere also gains heat by sensible and latent heat fluxes from the surface. The atmosphere radiates energy both upwards and downwards; the part radiated downwards is absorbed by the surface of Earth. This leads to a | eng_Latn | 3,110,887 |
when did voyager 2 leave our solar system | spacecraft's magnetometer. These heaters remained turned on until December 4, 2006, and during that time, there was a resulting high temperature above , significantly higher than the magnetometers were designed to endure, and a sensor rotated away from the correct orientation. As of this date it had not been possible to fully diagnose and correct for the damage caused to "Voyager 2's" magnetometer, although efforts to do so were proceeding. On August 30, 2007, "Voyager 2" passed the termination shock and then entered into the heliosheath, approximately 1 billion miles (1.6 billion km) closer to the Sun than "Voyager 1" | in 1979. "Voyager 2" is now in its extended mission to study the outer reaches of the Solar System and has been operating for as of . It remains in contact through the NASA Deep Space Network. At a distance of (about 16.5 light-hours) from the Sun as of late 2018, moving at a velocity of relative to the Sun, "Voyager 2" is the fourth of five spacecraft to achieve the escape velocity that will allow them to leave the Solar System. The probe left the heliosphere for interstellar space on November 5, 2018, becoming the second artificial object to | eng_Latn | 3,110,888 |
what was the purpose of the voyager 2 mission | Voyager 2 Voyager 2 is a space probe launched by NASA on August 20, 1977, to study the outer planets. Part of the Voyager program, it was launched 16 days before its twin, "Voyager 1", on a trajectory that took longer to reach Jupiter and Saturn but enabled further encounters with Uranus and Neptune. It is the only spacecraft to have visited either of the ice giant planets. Its primary mission ended with the exploration of the Neptunian system on October 2, 1989, after having visited the Uranian system in 1986, the Saturnian system in 1981, and the Jovian system | 11 scientific instruments to study celestial objects as it traveled through space. Built with the intent for eventual interstellar travel, "Voyager 2" included a large, parabolic, high-gain antenna () to transceive data via the Deep Space Network on the Earth. Communications are conducted over the S-band (about 13 cm wavelength) and X-band (about 3.6 cm wavelength) providing data rates as high as 115.2 kilobits per second at the distance of Jupiter, and then ever-decreasing as the distance increased, because of the inverse-square law. When the spacecraft is unable to communicate with Earth, the Digital Tape Recorder (DTR) can record about | eng_Latn | 3,110,889 |
will the amount of hydrogen in our sun increase or decrease over the next few million years | throughout the star. The temperature at the core of the Sun is too low for nuclear fusion of helium atoms through the triple-alpha process, so these atoms do not contribute to the net energy generation that is needed to maintain hydrostatic equilibrium of the Sun. At present, nearly half the hydrogen at the core has been consumed, with the remainder of the atoms consisting primarily of helium. As the number of hydrogen atoms per unit mass decreases, so too does their energy output provided through nuclear fusion. This results in a decrease in pressure support, which causes the core to | trajectory towards the Sun may remove Earth's mantle, leaving just its core, which will finally be destroyed after at most 200 years. Following this event, Earth's sole legacy will be a very slight increase (0.01%) of the solar metallicity. After fusing helium in its core to carbon, the Sun will begin to collapse again, evolving into a compact white dwarf star after ejecting its outer atmosphere as a planetary nebula. The predicted final mass is 54.1% of the present value, most likely consisting primarily of carbon and oxygen. Currently, the moon is moving away from Earth at a rate of | eng_Latn | 3,110,890 |
how many moons does pluto have and their names | ranges from 30 to 49 astronomical units or AU (4.4–7.4 billion km) from the Sun. This means that Pluto periodically comes closer to the Sun than Neptune, but a stable orbital resonance with Neptune prevents them from colliding. Light from the Sun takes about 5.5 hours to reach Pluto at its average distance (39.5 AU). Pluto has five known moons: Charon (the largest, with a diameter just over half that of Pluto), Styx, Nix, Kerberos, and Hydra. Pluto and Charon are sometimes considered a binary system because the barycenter of their orbits does not lie within either body. On July | period. This situation was found to be unlikely in 2016, when more-accurate observations of the position of Arawn were made by "New Horizons". Pluto's rotation period, its day, is equal to 6.39 Earth days. Like Uranus, Pluto rotates on its "side" in its orbital plane, with an axial tilt of 120°, and so its seasonal variation is extreme; at its solstices, one-fourth of its surface is in continuous daylight, whereas another fourth is in continuous darkness. The reason for this unusual orientation has been debated. Research from the University of Arizona has suggested that it may be due to the | eng_Latn | 3,110,891 |
what speed does the space shuttle re-enter earth | not far above it) cannot create enough velocity to cause significant atmospheric heating. For Earth, atmospheric entry occurs at the Kármán line at an altitude of 100 km (62.14 mi / ~ 54 nautical mi) above the surface, while at Venus atmospheric entry occurs at 250 km (155.3 mi / ~ 135 nautical mi) and at Mars atmospheric entry at about 80 km (50 mi / ~ 43.2 nautical mi). Uncontrolled, objects reach high velocities while accelerating through space toward the Earth under the influence of Earth's gravity, and are slowed by friction upon encountering Earth's atmosphere. Meteors are also | These forces may cause objects with lower compressive strength to explode. Crewed space vehicles must be slowed to subsonic speeds before parachutes or air brakes may be deployed. Such vehicles have kinetic energies typically between 50 and 1,800 megajoules, and atmospheric dissipation is the only way of expending the kinetic energy. The amount of rocket fuel required to slow the vehicle would be nearly equal to the amount used to accelerate it initially, and it is thus highly impractical to use retro rockets for the entire Earth reentry procedure. While the high temperature generated at the surface of the heat | eng_Latn | 3,110,892 |
what is the closest red giant star to earth | to the planet when the giant expands out to the orbital distance of the planet. Many of the well known bright stars are red giants, because they are luminous and moderately common. The red giant branch variable star Gamma Crucis is the nearest M class giant star at 88 light years. The K0 red giant branch star Arcturus is 36 light years away. In about 5 to 6 billion years, the Sun will have depleted the hydrogen fuel in its core. It will shrink, with the hydrogen outside the core able to compress enough for hydrogen there to fuse, and | to the naked eye. Proxima Centauri, the nearest star to the Sun, is a red dwarf (Type M5, apparent magnitude 11.05), as are fifty of the sixty nearest stars. According to some estimates, red dwarfs make up three-quarters of the stars in the Milky Way. Stellar models indicate that red dwarfs less than are fully convective. Hence the helium produced by the thermonuclear fusion of hydrogen is constantly remixed throughout the star, avoiding helium buildup at the core, thereby prolonging the period of fusion. Red dwarfs therefore develop very slowly, maintaining a constant luminosity and spectral type for trillions of | eng_Latn | 3,110,893 |
what is the outermost layer of the atmosphere called | the top of the thermosphere at an altitude of about 700 km above sea level, to about 10,000 km (6,200 mi; 33,000,000 ft) where it merges into the solar wind. This layer is mainly composed of extremely low densities of hydrogen, helium and several heavier molecules including nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide closer to the exobase. The atoms and molecules are so far apart that they can travel hundreds of kilometers without colliding with one another. Thus, the exosphere no longer behaves like a gas, and the particles constantly escape into space. These free-moving particles follow ballistic trajectories and may | The lowest layer is the troposphere, which extends from the surface to the bottom of the stratosphere. Three quarters of the atmosphere's mass resides within the troposphere, and is the layer within which the Earth's terrestrial weather develops. The depth of this layer varies between 17 km at the equator to 7 km at the poles. The stratosphere, extending from the top of the troposphere to the bottom of the mesosphere, contains the ozone layer. The ozone layer ranges in altitude between 15 and 35 km, and is where most of the ultraviolet radiation from the Sun is absorbed. The | eng_Latn | 3,110,894 |
what 's the seventh planet in our solar system | from John Keats's "On First Looking Into Chapman's Homer", are a reference to Herschel's discovery of Uranus. Many references to Uranus in English language popular culture and news involve humour about one pronunciation of its name resembling that of the phrase "your anus". Uranus Uranus (from the Latin name "Ūranus" for the Greek god Οὐρανός) is the seventh planet from the Sun. It has the third-largest planetary radius and fourth-largest planetary mass in the Solar System. Uranus is similar in composition to Neptune, and both have bulk chemical compositions which differ from that of the larger gas giants Jupiter and | Sun at .3871 AU, and takes approximately 87.97 days to complete one orbit. Kepler-7b's eccentricity is assumed to be 0, which would give Kepler-7b a circular orbit by definition. Kepler-7 Kepler-7 is a star located in the constellation Lyra in the field of view of the Kepler Mission, a NASA operation in search of Earth-like planets. It is home to the fourth of the first five planets that Kepler discovered; this planet, a Jupiter-size gas giant named Kepler-7b, is as light as styrofoam. The star itself is more massive than the Sun, and is nearly twice the Sun's radius. It | eng_Latn | 3,110,895 |
distance of earth orbit around the sun in miles | Earth's orbit All celestial bodies in the Solar System, including planets such as our own, orbit around the Solar System's centre of mass. The sun makes up 99.76% of this mass which is why the centre of mass is extremely close to the sun. Earth's orbit is the trajectory along which Earth travels around the Sun. The average distance between the Earth and the Sun is 149.60 million km (92.96 million mi), and one complete orbit takes days (1 sidereal year), during which time Earth has traveled 940 million km (584 million mi). Earth's orbit has an eccentricity of 0.0167. | As seen from Earth, the planet's orbital prograde motion makes the Sun appear to move with respect to other stars at a rate of about 1° (or a Sun or Moon diameter every 12 hours) eastward per solar day. Earth's orbital speed averages about 30 km/s (108,000 km/h; 67,000 mph), which is fast enough to cover the planet's diameter in 7 minutes and the distance to the Moon in 4 hours. From a vantage point above the north pole of either the Sun or Earth, Earth would appear to revolve in a counterclockwise direction around the Sun. From the same | eng_Latn | 3,110,896 |
where is venus located in the solar system | Venus Venus is the second planet from the Sun, orbiting it every 224.7 Earth days. It has the longest rotation period (243 days) of any planet in the Solar System and rotates in the opposite direction to most other planets (meaning the Sun would rise in the west and set in the east). It does not have any natural satellites. It is named after the Roman goddess of love and beauty. It is the second-brightest natural object in the night sky after the Moon, reaching an apparent magnitude of −4.6 – bright enough to cast shadows at night and, rarely, | visible to the naked eye in broad daylight. Orbiting within Earth's orbit, Venus is an inferior planet and never appears to venture far from the Sun; its maximum angular distance from the Sun (elongation) is 47.8°. Venus is a terrestrial planet and is sometimes called Earth's "sister planet" because of their similar size, mass, proximity to the Sun, and bulk composition. It is radically different from Earth in other respects. It has the densest atmosphere of the four terrestrial planets, consisting of more than 96% carbon dioxide. The atmospheric pressure at the planet's surface is 92 times that of Earth, | eng_Latn | 3,110,897 |
how long it takes for neptune to orbit the sun | Neptune Neptune is the eighth and farthest known planet from the Sun in the Solar System. In the Solar System, it is the fourth-largest planet by diameter, the third-most-massive planet, and the densest giant planet. Neptune is 17 times the mass of Earth and is slightly more massive than its near-twin Uranus, which is 15 times the mass of Earth and slightly larger than Neptune. Neptune orbits the Sun once every 164.8 years at an average distance of . It is named after the Roman god of the sea and has the astronomical symbol ♆, a stylised version of the | sufficient to drive the fastest planetary winds seen in the Solar System. Depending on the thermal properties of its interior, the heat left over from Neptune's formation may be sufficient to explain its current heat flow, though it is more difficult to simultaneously explain Uranus's lack of internal heat while preserving the apparent similarity between the two planets. The average distance between Neptune and the Sun is (about 30.1 astronomical units (AU)), and it completes an orbit on average every 164.79 years, subject to a variability of around ±0.1 years. The perihelion distance is 29.81 AU; the aphelion distance is | eng_Latn | 3,110,898 |
which is the largest planet in solar system | other bodies orbiting the Sun. The principal component of the Solar System is the Sun, a G2 main-sequence star that contains 99.86% of the system's known mass and dominates it gravitationally. The Sun's four largest orbiting bodies, the giant planets, account for 99% of the remaining mass, with Jupiter and Saturn together comprising more than 90%. The remaining objects of the Solar System (including the four terrestrial planets, the dwarf planets, moons, asteroids, and comets) together comprise less than 0.002% of the Solar System's total mass. Most large objects in orbit around the Sun lie near the plane of Earth's | infrequent events, such as collisions, the gravitational effects of a passing star, or the galactic tide, the tidal force exerted by the Milky Way. Much of the Solar System is still unknown. The Sun's gravitational field is estimated to dominate the gravitational forces of surrounding stars out to about two light years (125,000 AU). Lower estimates for the radius of the Oort cloud, by contrast, do not place it farther than 50,000 AU. Despite discoveries such as Sedna, the region between the Kuiper belt and the Oort cloud, an area tens of thousands of AU in radius, is still virtually | eng_Latn | 3,110,899 |
how long is earth 's rotation on its axis | Earth's rotation Earth's rotation is the rotation of Planet Earth around its own axis. Earth rotates eastward, in prograde motion. As viewed from the north pole star Polaris, Earth turns counter clockwise. The North Pole, also known as the Geographic North Pole or Terrestrial North Pole, is the point in the Northern Hemisphere where Earth's axis of rotation meets its surface. This point is distinct from Earth's North Magnetic Pole. The South Pole is the other point where Earth's axis of rotation intersects its surface, in Antarctica. Earth rotates once in about 24 hours with respect to the Sun, but | in the eccentricity and inclination of Earth's orbit. Both vary over thousands of years, so the annual variation of the true solar day also varies. Generally, it is longer than the mean solar day during two periods of the year and shorter during another two. The true solar day tends to be longer near perihelion when the Sun apparently moves along the ecliptic through a greater angle than usual, taking about longer to do so. Conversely, it is about shorter near aphelion. It is about longer near a solstice when the projection of the Sun's apparent motion along the ecliptic | eng_Latn | 3,110,900 |
how many days from full moon to full moon | or descending). Therefore, a lunar eclipse occurs approximately every 6 months and often 2 weeks before or after a solar eclipse, which occurs during new moon around the opposite node. The interval period between a new or full moon and the next same phase, a synodic month, averages about 29.53 days. Therefore, in those lunar calendars in which each month begins on the day of the new moon, the full moon falls on either the 14th or 15th day of the lunar month. Because a calendar month consists of a whole number of days, a lunar month may be either | Lunar day A lunar day is the period of time for Earth's Moon to complete one rotation on its axis with respect to the Sun. Due to tidal locking, it is also the time the Moon takes to complete one orbit around Earth and return to the same phase. A lunar month is the period between two new moons.A lunar month lasts about 29.5 solar days on earth. Relative to the fixed stars on the celestial sphere, the Moon takes 27 Earth days, 7 hours, 43 minutes, and 12 seconds to complete one orbit; however, since the Earth–Moon system advances | eng_Latn | 3,110,901 |
when was saturn last visited by a spacecraft | Exploration of Saturn The exploration of Saturn has been solely performed by crewless probes. Three missions were flybys, which formed an extended foundation of knowledge about the system. The "Cassini–Huygens" spacecraft, launched in 1997, was in orbit from 2004 to 2017. Saturn was first visited by "Pioneer 11" in September 1979. It flew within 20,000 km of the top of the planet's cloud layer. Low-resolution images were acquired of the planet and a few of its moons; the resolution of the images was not good enough to discern surface features. The spacecraft also studied the rings; among the discoveries were | far layers of our heliosphere, thus concluding the craft had broken beyond the heliopause. Voyager 2 was launched by NASA on August 20, 1977. The probe's primary mission was to visit the ice giants, Uranus and Neptune, which it completed on October 2, 1989. It is currently the only probe to have visited the ice giants. It is the fourth of five spacecraft to have left the solar system. It has been operational for 41 years and 2 months as of October 20, 2018. Cassini–Huygens was a 5,712kg (12,593lb) space probe designed to study gas giant Saturn, along with its | eng_Latn | 3,110,902 |
when was neptune last visited by a spacecraft | magnetic field. In the infrared part of the spectrum, Neptune's storms appear bright against the cooler background, allowing the size and shape of these features to be readily tracked. "Voyager 2" is the only spacecraft that has visited Neptune. The spacecraft closest approach to the planet occurred on 25 August 1989. Because this was the last major planet the spacecraft could visit, it was decided to make a close flyby of the moon Triton, regardless of the consequences to the trajectory, similarly to what was done for "Voyager 1"s encounter with Saturn and its moon Titan. The images relayed back | in the Solar System, with recorded wind speeds as high as . Because of its great distance from the Sun, Neptune's outer atmosphere is one of the coldest places in the Solar System, with temperatures at its cloud tops approaching . Temperatures at the planet's centre are approximately . Neptune has a faint and fragmented ring system (labelled "arcs"), which was discovered in 1984, then later confirmed by "Voyager 2". Some of the earliest recorded observations ever made through a telescope, Galileo's drawings on 28 December 1612 and 27 January 1613 contain plotted points that match up with what is | eng_Latn | 3,110,903 |
how many times bigger is saturn than earth | Saturn Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun and the second-largest in the Solar System, after Jupiter. It is a gas giant with an average radius about nine times that of Earth. It has only one-eighth the average density of Earth, but with its larger volume Saturn is over 95 times more massive. Saturn is named after the Roman god of agriculture; its astronomical symbol (♄) represents the god's sickle. Saturn's interior is probably composed of a core of iron–nickel and rock (silicon and oxygen compounds). This core is surrounded by a deep layer of metallic hydrogen, an intermediate | the poles and is lower than the surface gravity of Earth. However, the equatorial escape velocity of nearly is much higher than that for Earth. Saturn is the only planet of the Solar System that is less dense than water—about 30% less. Although Saturn's core is considerably denser than water, the average specific density of the planet is due to the atmosphere. Jupiter has 318 times Earth's mass, and Saturn is 95 times Earth's mass. Together, Jupiter and Saturn hold 92% of the total planetary mass in the Solar System. Despite consisting mostly of hydrogen and helium, most of Saturn's | eng_Latn | 3,110,904 |
what is the continuous stream of particles that are blown away from the solar corona | as the Earth to evolve into planets like Venus. Additionally, planets with hotter lower atmospheres could accelerate the loss rate of hydrogen. Rather than air, the solar wind is a stream of charged particles—a plasma—ejected from the upper atmosphere of the sun at a rate of . It consists mostly of electrons and protons with energies of about 1 keV. The stream of particles varies in temperature and speed with the passage of time. These particles are able to escape the sun's gravity, in part because of the high temperature of the corona, but also because of high kinetic energy | portion of its mass into the upper atmosphere. A magnetic cloud (as it is now termed) can travel toward Earth at speeds that can exceed per hour. On average, it usually takes them about 13½ hours to reach Earth. The cloud hurtling through space is called a solar wind. As many as five can be ejected from the sun during solar maximum. When they reach the Earth, the large amounts of radioactive and electric energy can temporarily disrupt or even destroy electrical grids, antennae, communications devices, electric appliances, and near anything electric. Minor damage may also be done to living | eng_Latn | 3,110,905 |
what is the real name of the earth | Sun, physical properties, and geological history have allowed life to evolve and thrive. In the history of the Earth, biodiversity has gone through long periods of expansion, occasionally punctuated by mass extinction events. Over 99% of all species that ever lived on Earth are extinct. Estimates of the number of species on Earth today vary widely; most species have not been described. Over 7.6 billion humans live on Earth and depend on its biosphere and natural resources for their survival. Humans have developed diverse societies and cultures; politically, the world has about 200 sovereign states. The modern English word "Earth" | for brief periods of time. , there are 1,886 operational, human-made satellites orbiting Earth. There are also inoperative satellites, including Vanguard 1, the oldest satellite currently in orbit, and over 16,000 pieces of tracked space debris. Earth's largest artificial satellite is the International Space Station. The standard astronomical symbol of Earth consists of a cross circumscribed by a circle, , representing the four corners of the world. Human cultures have developed many views of the planet. Earth is sometimes personified as a deity. In many cultures it is a mother goddess that is also the primary fertility deity, and by | eng_Latn | 3,110,906 |
what are the 5 closest stars to the earth | to the naked eye. Proxima Centauri, the nearest star to the Sun, is a red dwarf (Type M5, apparent magnitude 11.05), as are fifty of the sixty nearest stars. According to some estimates, red dwarfs make up three-quarters of the stars in the Milky Way. Stellar models indicate that red dwarfs less than are fully convective. Hence the helium produced by the thermonuclear fusion of hydrogen is constantly remixed throughout the star, avoiding helium buildup at the core, thereby prolonging the period of fusion. Red dwarfs therefore develop very slowly, maintaining a constant luminosity and spectral type for trillions of | would be a target for the Starshot program. In January 2017, Breakthrough Initiatives and the ESO entered a collaboration to search for habitable planets in the Alpha Centauri system. The agreement involves Breakthrough Initiatives providing funding for an upgrade to the VISIR (VLT Imager and Spectrometer for mid-Infrared) instrument on ESO's Very Large Telescope (VLT) in Chile. This upgrade will greatly increase the likelihood of planet detection in the system. Alpha Centauri Alpha Centauri (α Centauri, abbreviated Alpha Cen or α Cen) is the closest star system to the Solar System at from the Sun. It is a triple star | eng_Latn | 3,110,907 |
what is earth 's motion around the sun in a path called | Earth's orbit All celestial bodies in the Solar System, including planets such as our own, orbit around the Solar System's centre of mass. The sun makes up 99.76% of this mass which is why the centre of mass is extremely close to the sun. Earth's orbit is the trajectory along which Earth travels around the Sun. The average distance between the Earth and the Sun is 149.60 million km (92.96 million mi), and one complete orbit takes days (1 sidereal year), during which time Earth has traveled 940 million km (584 million mi). Earth's orbit has an eccentricity of 0.0167. | is absorbed by the higher proportion of water in the southern hemisphere. The Hill sphere (gravitational sphere of influence) of the Earth is about 1,500,000 kilometers (0.01 AU) in radius, or approximately 4 times the average distance to the moon. This is the maximal distance at which the Earth's gravitational influence is stronger than the more distant Sun and planets. Objects orbiting the Earth must be within this radius, otherwise they can become unbound by the gravitational perturbation of the Sun. The following diagram shows the relation between the line of solstice and the line of apsides of Earth's elliptical | eng_Latn | 3,110,908 |
how long would it take to get to alpha centauri with current technology | into orbit about the target star while the higher speed Daedalus would do a one shot fly-by lasting a comparatively short time. The journey to Alpha Centauri B orbit would take about 100 years, at an average velocity of approximately 13,411 km/s (about 4.5% the speed of light) and another 4.39 years would be necessary for the data to reach Earth. According to the Journal article "Alpha Centauri: Our First target for Interstellar Probes," after the completion of the New Horizons primary mission of Pluto Fly-By, we should set our sights at other star systems like Alpha Centauri. This would | star is around 4.24 light years away. The current status of space-faring technology, including propulsion systems, navigation, resources and storage all present limitations to the development of human space exploration in the near future. The astronomical order of magnitude of the distance between us and the nearest stars is a challenge for the current development of space exploration. At our current top speed of 157,100 miles per hour (70.2 km/s), the Helios 2 probe would arrive at the nearest star, Proxima Centauri, in around 18,000 years, much longer than a human lifespan. In terms of propulsion, the main challenge is | eng_Latn | 3,110,909 |
what 's the closest habitable planet to earth | are gravitationally bound to the star. Almost all of the planets detected so far are within the Milky Way. Nonetheless, evidence suggests that extragalactic planets, exoplanets further away in galaxies beyond the local Milky Way galaxy, may exist. The nearest exoplanet is Proxima Centauri b, located 4.2 light-years (1.3 parsecs) from Earth and orbiting Proxima Centauri, the closest star to the Sun. The discovery of exoplanets has intensified interest in the search for extraterrestrial life. There is special interest in planets that orbit in a star's habitable zone, where it is possible for liquid water, a prerequisite for life on | would be a target for the Starshot program. In January 2017, Breakthrough Initiatives and the ESO entered a collaboration to search for habitable planets in the Alpha Centauri system. The agreement involves Breakthrough Initiatives providing funding for an upgrade to the VISIR (VLT Imager and Spectrometer for mid-Infrared) instrument on ESO's Very Large Telescope (VLT) in Chile. This upgrade will greatly increase the likelihood of planet detection in the system. Alpha Centauri Alpha Centauri (α Centauri, abbreviated Alpha Cen or α Cen) is the closest star system to the Solar System at from the Sun. It is a triple star | eng_Latn | 3,110,910 |
how long will it take voyager to pass through the oort cloud | 2014, NASA announced that the WISE survey had ruled out any object as they had defined it. Space probes have yet to reach the area of the Oort cloud. "Voyager 1", the fastest and farthest of the interplanetary space probes currently leaving the Solar System, will reach the Oort cloud in about 300 years and would take about 30,000 years to pass through it. However, around 2025, the radioisotope thermoelectric generators on "Voyager 1" will no longer supply enough power to operate any of its scientific instruments, preventing any exploration by "Voyager 1." The currently escaping the Solar System either | spacecraft are in an area that is dominated by the Sun's magnetic field and solar wind particles. After passing through the heliosheath the two Voyagers will begin the phase of interstellar exploration. The outer boundary of the heliosheath is called the heliopause which is where the spacecraft are headed now. This is the region where the Sun's influence begins to decrease and the interstellar space can be detected. Currently, "Voyager 1" is escaping the solar system at the speed of 3.6 AU per year 35° north of the ecliptic in the general direction of the solar apex in Hercules, while | eng_Latn | 3,110,911 |
what is the name of the surface of the sun | see is produced as electrons react with hydrogen atoms to produce H ions. The photosphere is tens to hundreds of kilometers thick, and is slightly less opaque than air on Earth. Because the upper part of the photosphere is cooler than the lower part, an image of the Sun appears brighter in the center than on the edge or "limb" of the solar disk, in a phenomenon known as limb darkening. The spectrum of sunlight has approximately the spectrum of a black-body radiating at 5,777 K, interspersed with atomic absorption lines from the tenuous layers above the photosphere. The photosphere | Sun The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System. It is a nearly perfect sphere of hot plasma, with internal convective motion that generates a magnetic field via a dynamo process.<ref name="doi10.1146/annurev-astro-081913-040012"></ref> It is by far the most important source of energy for life on Earth. Its diameter is about 1.39 million kilometers, or 109 times that of Earth, and its mass is about 330,000 times that of Earth. It accounts for about 99.86% of the total mass of the Solar System. Roughly three quarters of the Sun's mass consists of hydrogen (~73%); the rest is | eng_Latn | 3,110,912 |
total number of planet in our solar system | the majority of the remaining mass contained in Jupiter. The four smaller inner planets, Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars, are terrestrial planets, being primarily composed of rock and metal. The four outer planets are giant planets, being substantially more massive than the terrestrials. The two largest, Jupiter and Saturn, are gas giants, being composed mainly of hydrogen and helium; the two outermost planets, Uranus and Neptune, are ice giants, being composed mostly of substances with relatively high melting points compared with hydrogen and helium, called volatiles, such as water, ammonia and methane. All eight planets have almost circular orbits that | other bodies orbiting the Sun. The principal component of the Solar System is the Sun, a G2 main-sequence star that contains 99.86% of the system's known mass and dominates it gravitationally. The Sun's four largest orbiting bodies, the giant planets, account for 99% of the remaining mass, with Jupiter and Saturn together comprising more than 90%. The remaining objects of the Solar System (including the four terrestrial planets, the dwarf planets, moons, asteroids, and comets) together comprise less than 0.002% of the Solar System's total mass. Most large objects in orbit around the Sun lie near the plane of Earth's | eng_Latn | 3,110,913 |
moon revolves around the sun in how many days | Orbit of the Moon The Moon orbits Earth in the prograde direction and completes one revolution relative to the stars in about 27.32 days (a sidereal month) and one revolution relative to the Sun in about 29.53 days (a synodic month). Earth and the Moon orbit about their barycenter (common center of mass), which lies about from Earth's center (about of the radius of Earth). On average, the distance to the Moon is about from Earth's center, which corresponds to about 60 Earth radii. With a mean orbital velocity of 1.022 km/s (0.635 miles/s), the Moon covers a distance approximately | associated with the lunar orbit. The sidereal month is the time it takes to make one complete orbit around Earth with respect to the fixed stars. It is about 27.32 days. The synodic month is the time it takes the Moon to reach the same visual phase. This varies notably throughout the year, but averages around 29.53 days. The synodic period is longer than the sidereal period because the Earth–Moon system moves in its orbit around the Sun during each sidereal month, hence a longer period is required to achieve a similar alignment of Earth, the Sun, and the Moon. | eng_Latn | 3,110,914 |
the prime meridian and the arctic circle meet in what sea | 73rd parallel north The 73rd parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 73 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane, in the Arctic. It crosses the Atlantic Ocean, Europe, Asia, the Arctic Ocean and North America. At this latitude the sun is visible for 24 hours, 0 minutes during the summer solstice and nautical twilight during the winter solstice. Starting at the Prime Meridian and heading eastwards, the parallel 73° north passes through: Between 1776 and 1950, the 73rd parallel formed the northern limit of the Royal Greenland Trade Department's exclusive monopoly on trade near the Dano-Norwegian and | 50th parallel north The 50th parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 50 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane. It crosses Europe, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, North America, and the Atlantic Ocean. At this latitude the sun is visible for 16 hours, 22 minutes during the summer solstice and 8 hours, 4 minutes during the winter solstice. The maximum altitude of the sun on the summer solstice is 63.5 degrees and on the winter solstice it is 16.5 degrees. At this latitude, the average sea surface temperature between 1982 and 2011 was about 8.5°C (47.3°F). Starting at | eng_Latn | 3,110,915 |
what is a day on mars compared to earth | average length of a Martian sidereal day is (88,642.66300 seconds based on SI units), and the length of its solar day (often called a "sol") is (88,775.244147 seconds). The corresponding values for Earth are currently and , respectively. This yields a conversion factor of 1.02749125170 days/sol. Thus Mars' solar day is only about 2.7% longer than Earth's. A convention used by spacecraft lander projects to date has been to keep track of local solar time using a 24-hour "Mars clock" on which the hours, minutes and seconds are 2.7% longer than their standard (Earth) durations. For the Mars Pathfinder, Mars | slightly longer than an Earth day: 24 hours, 39 minutes, and 35.244 seconds. A Martian year is equal to 1.8809 Earth years, or 1 year, 320 days, and 18.2 hours. The axial tilt of Mars is 25.19 degrees relative to its orbital plane, which is similar to the axial tilt of Earth. As a result, Mars has seasons like Earth, though on Mars they are nearly twice as long because its orbital period is that much longer. In the present day epoch, the orientation of the north pole of Mars is close to the star Deneb. Mars has a relatively | eng_Latn | 3,110,916 |
what represents the greatest distance sun to earth | Astronomical unit The astronomical unit (symbol: au, ua, or AU) is a unit of length, roughly the distance from Earth to the Sun. However, that distance varies as Earth orbits the Sun, from a maximum (aphelion) to a minimum (perihelion) and back again once a year. Originally conceived as the average of Earth's aphelion and perihelion, since 2012 it has been defined as exactly metres or about . The astronomical unit is used primarily for measuring distances within the Solar System or around other stars. It is also a fundamental component in the definition of another unit of astronomical length, | Earth's orbit All celestial bodies in the Solar System, including planets such as our own, orbit around the Solar System's centre of mass. The sun makes up 99.76% of this mass which is why the centre of mass is extremely close to the sun. Earth's orbit is the trajectory along which Earth travels around the Sun. The average distance between the Earth and the Sun is 149.60 million km (92.96 million mi), and one complete orbit takes days (1 sidereal year), during which time Earth has traveled 940 million km (584 million mi). Earth's orbit has an eccentricity of 0.0167. | eng_Latn | 3,110,917 |
temperature of the surface of the sun in kelvin | the Sun is actually emitting more photons in the green portion of the spectrum than any other. When the Sun is low in the sky, atmospheric scattering renders the Sun yellow, red, orange, or magenta. Despite its typical whiteness, most people mentally picture the Sun as yellow; the reasons for this are the subject of debate. The Sun is a G2V star, with "G2" indicating its surface temperature of approximately 5,778 K (5,505 °C, 9,941 °F), and "V" that it, like most stars, is a main-sequence star. The average luminance of the Sun is about 1.88 giga candela per square | From the core out to about 0.7 solar radii, thermal radiation is the primary means of energy transfer. The temperature drops from approximately 7 million to 2 million kelvins with increasing distance from the core. This temperature gradient is less than the value of the adiabatic lapse rate and hence cannot drive convection, which explains why the transfer of energy through this zone is by radiation instead of thermal convection. Ions of hydrogen and helium emit photons, which travel only a brief distance before being reabsorbed by other ions. The density drops a hundredfold (from 20 g/cm to 0.2 g/cm) | eng_Latn | 3,110,918 |
how many orbits did cassini make around saturn | "Cassini" was completed on July 30, 2008. The mission was extended to June 2010 ("Cassini" Equinox Mission). This studied the Saturn system in detail during the planet's equinox, which happened in August 2009. On February 3, 2010, NASA announced another extension for "Cassini", lasting 6 years until 2017, ending at the time of summer solstice in Saturn's northern hemisphere ("Cassini" Solstice Mission). The extension enabled another 155 revolutions around the planet, 54 flybys of Titan and 11 flybys of Enceladus. In 2017, an encounter with Titan changed its orbit in such a way that, at closest approach to Saturn, it | have been successful beyond expectation. "Cassini-Huygens" has been described by NASA's Planetary Science Division Director as a "mission of firsts", that has revolutionized human understanding of the Saturn system, including its moons and rings, and our understanding of where life might be found in the Solar System. "Cassini"s original mission was planned to last for four years, from June 2004 to May 2008. The mission was extended for another two years until September 2010, branded the "Cassini Equinox Mission". The mission was extended a second and final time with the "Cassini Solstice Mission", lasting another seven years until September 15, | eng_Latn | 3,110,919 |
largest moon in the solar system compared to earth | the expansion continued, but some of the angular moment was transferred to Europa as the resonance caused its orbit to expand as well; the process continued until Europa encountered the 2:1 resonance with Ganymede. Eventually the drift rates of conjunctions between all three moons were synchronized and locked in the Laplace resonance. Ganymede is the largest and most massive moon in the Solar System. Its diameter of 5,268 km is 0.41 times that of Earth, 0.77 times that of Mars, 1.02 times that of Saturn's Titan (the second-largest moon), 1.08 times Mercury's, 1.09 times Callisto's, 1.45 times Io's and 1.51 | to the planet's equatorial plane. The Moon's orbit is subtly perturbed by the Sun and Earth in many small, complex and interacting ways. For example, the plane of the Moon's orbit gradually rotates once every 18.61 years, which affects other aspects of lunar motion. These follow-on effects are mathematically described by Cassini's laws. The Moon is exceptionally large relative to Earth: Its diameter is more than a quarter and its mass is 1/81 of Earth's. It is the largest moon in the Solar System relative to the size of its planet, though Charon is larger relative to the dwarf planet | eng_Latn | 3,110,920 |
approximately how many complete revolutions does the moon make around earth each month | Orbit of the Moon The Moon orbits Earth in the prograde direction and completes one revolution relative to the stars in about 27.32 days (a sidereal month) and one revolution relative to the Sun in about 29.53 days (a synodic month). Earth and the Moon orbit about their barycenter (common center of mass), which lies about from Earth's center (about of the radius of Earth). On average, the distance to the Moon is about from Earth's center, which corresponds to about 60 Earth radii. With a mean orbital velocity of 1.022 km/s (0.635 miles/s), the Moon covers a distance approximately | about 34 arc minutes below the horizon, due to atmospheric refraction. Because of the inclination of the moon's orbit with respect to the earth's equator, the moon is above the horizon at the North and South Pole for almost two weeks every month, even though the sun is below the horizon for six months at a time. The period from moonrise to moonrise at the poles is a tropical month, about 27.3 days, quite close to the sidereal period. When the sun is the furthest below the horizon (winter solstice), the moon will be full when it is at its | eng_Latn | 3,110,921 |
what is the length of year on mars | on which each lander touched down as "Sol 0", as does the InSight mission. Mars Pathfinder and the two Mars Exploration Rovers instead defined touchdown as "Sol 1". The length of time for Mars to complete one orbit around the Sun is its sidereal year, and is about 686.98 Earth solar days, or 668.5991 sols. Because of the eccentricity of Mars' orbit, the seasons are not of equal length. Assuming that seasons run from equinox to solstice or vice versa, the season L 0 to L 90 (northern-hemisphere spring / southern-hemisphere autumn) is the longest season lasting 194 Martian sols, | slightly longer than an Earth day: 24 hours, 39 minutes, and 35.244 seconds. A Martian year is equal to 1.8809 Earth years, or 1 year, 320 days, and 18.2 hours. The axial tilt of Mars is 25.19 degrees relative to its orbital plane, which is similar to the axial tilt of Earth. As a result, Mars has seasons like Earth, though on Mars they are nearly twice as long because its orbital period is that much longer. In the present day epoch, the orientation of the north pole of Mars is close to the star Deneb. Mars has a relatively | eng_Latn | 3,110,922 |
what are the names of pluto 's moons | ranges from 30 to 49 astronomical units or AU (4.4–7.4 billion km) from the Sun. This means that Pluto periodically comes closer to the Sun than Neptune, but a stable orbital resonance with Neptune prevents them from colliding. Light from the Sun takes about 5.5 hours to reach Pluto at its average distance (39.5 AU). Pluto has five known moons: Charon (the largest, with a diameter just over half that of Pluto), Styx, Nix, Kerberos, and Hydra. Pluto and Charon are sometimes considered a binary system because the barycenter of their orbits does not lie within either body. On July | the leading hemisphere). Sputnik Planitia, the western lobe of the "Heart", is a 1,000 km-wide basin of frozen nitrogen and carbon monoxide ices, divided into polygonal cells, which are interpreted as convection cells that carry floating blocks of water ice crust and sublimation pits towards their margins; there are obvious signs of glacial flows both into and out of the basin. It has no craters that were visible to "New Horizons", indicating that its surface is less than 10 million years old. Latest studies have shown that the surface has an age of years. The New Horizons science team summarized | eng_Latn | 3,110,923 |
to escape from a planets gravity an object must reach a speed called the | Escape velocity In physics (specifically, celestial mechanics), escape velocity is the minimum speed needed for a free object to escape from the gravitational influence of a massive body. The escape velocity from Earth is about at the surface. More generally, escape velocity is the speed at which the sum of an object's kinetic energy and its gravitational potential energy is equal to zero; an object which has achieved escape velocity is neither on the surface, nor in a closed orbit (of any radius). With escape velocity in a direction pointing away from the ground of a massive body, the object | Gravitational acceleration In physics, gravitational acceleration is the acceleration on an object caused by the force of gravitation. Neglecting friction such as air resistance, all small bodies accelerate in a gravitational field at the same rate relative to the center of mass. This equality is true regardless of the masses or compositions of the bodies. At different points on Earth, objects fall with an acceleration between and depending on altitude and latitude, with a conventional standard value of exactly 9.80665 m/s (approximately 32.174 ft/s). This does not take into account other effects, such as buoyancy or drag. Newton's law of | eng_Latn | 3,110,924 |
how long does it take for the moon to rotate around the earth | about 34 arc minutes below the horizon, due to atmospheric refraction. Because of the inclination of the moon's orbit with respect to the earth's equator, the moon is above the horizon at the North and South Pole for almost two weeks every month, even though the sun is below the horizon for six months at a time. The period from moonrise to moonrise at the poles is a tropical month, about 27.3 days, quite close to the sidereal period. When the sun is the furthest below the horizon (winter solstice), the moon will be full when it is at its | Orbit of the Moon The Moon orbits Earth in the prograde direction and completes one revolution relative to the stars in about 27.32 days (a sidereal month) and one revolution relative to the Sun in about 29.53 days (a synodic month). Earth and the Moon orbit about their barycenter (common center of mass), which lies about from Earth's center (about of the radius of Earth). On average, the distance to the Moon is about from Earth's center, which corresponds to about 60 Earth radii. With a mean orbital velocity of 1.022 km/s (0.635 miles/s), the Moon covers a distance approximately | eng_Latn | 3,110,925 |
how many planet are in our solar system | Since the dawn of the Space Age, close observation by space probes has found that Earth and the other planets share characteristics such as volcanism, hurricanes, tectonics, and even hydrology. Planets are generally divided into two main types: large low-density giant planets, and smaller rocky terrestrials. There are eight planets in the Solar System. In order of increasing distance from the Sun, they are the four terrestrials, Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars, then the four giant planets, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Six of the planets are orbited by one or more natural satellites. Several thousands of planets around other | other bodies orbiting the Sun. The principal component of the Solar System is the Sun, a G2 main-sequence star that contains 99.86% of the system's known mass and dominates it gravitationally. The Sun's four largest orbiting bodies, the giant planets, account for 99% of the remaining mass, with Jupiter and Saturn together comprising more than 90%. The remaining objects of the Solar System (including the four terrestrial planets, the dwarf planets, moons, asteroids, and comets) together comprise less than 0.002% of the Solar System's total mass. Most large objects in orbit around the Sun lie near the plane of Earth's | eng_Latn | 3,110,926 |
how long did it take to get to new york on concorde | to fly from New York to Paris, the average supersonic flight time on the transatlantic routes was just under 3.5 hours. Concorde had a maximum cruise altitude of and an average cruise speed of Mach 2.02, about 1155 knots (2140 km/h or 1334 mph), more than twice the speed of conventional aircraft. With no other civil traffic operating at its cruising altitude of about , Concorde had exclusive use of dedicated oceanic airways, or "tracks", separate from the North Atlantic Tracks, the routes used by other aircraft to cross the Atlantic. Due to the significantly less variable nature of high | with rooftop portholes for use on the 1973 Solar Eclipse mission and equipped with observation instruments. It performed the longest observation of a solar eclipse to date, about 74 minutes. Scheduled flights began on 21 January 1976 on the London–Bahrain and Paris–Rio de Janeiro (via Dakar) routes, with BA flights using the "Speedbird Concorde" call sign to notify air traffic control of the aircraft's unique abilities and restrictions, but the French using their normal call signs. The Paris-Caracas route (via Azores) began on 10 April. The US Congress had just banned Concorde landings in the US, mainly due to citizen | eng_Latn | 3,110,927 |
which mode of transport is used for travelling to moon | Deep Space Transport The Deep Space Transport (DST), also called Mars Transit Vehicle, is a crewed interplanetary spacecraft concept by NASA to support science exploration missions to Mars of up to 1,000 days. It would be composed of two elements: an Orion capsule and a propelled habitation module. As of April 2018, the DST is still a concept to be studied, and NASA has not officially proposed the project in an annual U.S. federal government budget cycle. The DST vehicle would depart and return from the Lunar Orbital Platform-Gateway (LOP-G) to be serviced and reused for a new Mars mission. | and thus this is the total velocity which must be shed from the target moon's gravitational attraction for a soft landing to occur. For Earth's Moon, the escape velocity is . The change in velocity (referred to as a delta-v) is usually provided by a landing rocket, which must be carried into space by the original launch vehicle as part of the overall spacecraft. An exception is the soft moon landing on Titan carried out by the "Huygens" probe in 2005. As the moon with the thickest atmosphere, landings on Titan may be accomplished by using atmospheric entry techniques that | eng_Latn | 3,110,928 |
who won i am a celebrity get me out of here australia | I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (Australia season 4) The fourth season of Australia's "I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here", which was commissioned by Network Ten on 8 November 2017, premiered on 28 January 2018 and concluded on 12 March 2018. The season contained the show’s 100th episode which was broadcast on 5 February 2018. Comedian Fiona O'Loughlin won the series, beating singer Shannon Noll and boxer Danny Green, and was crowned "Queen of the Jungle", the $100,000 prize money, was won for her selected charity, Angel Flight. The contestants take part in daily trials to earn food. | Kruger National Park, South Africa, and is hosted by Julia Morris and Chris Brown. On 16 July 2015 the series was renewed for a second season, which premiered on 31 January 2016. The second season was accompanied by the companion series "I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! Now!". It aired on Eleven following each episode of the main series, hosted by comedian and former season one contestant Joel Creasey and "The Bachelor Australia 3" contestant Heather Maltman. "I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! Now!" did not air after the main show in later seasons due to low viewing | eng_Latn | 3,110,929 |
the one that got away music video cast | Perry started filming for the video on September 30, 2011. Filming ended on October 2, 2011. The video was shot at the Lima Residence, a contemporary home located in Calabasas, an affluent city in Los Angeles County, California. Mexican actor Diego Luna plays Perry's boyfriend in the video. Photos from the set surfaced online, showing Perry wearing a conservative long-sleeved dress as well as sporting gray hair and prosthetic face wrinkles. The video was directed by Floria Sigismondi, who previously directed the video for "E.T." The music video premiered on November 11, 2011. On November 4, 2011, a teaser for | the video was released, narrated by Stevie Nicks. Nicks provides the elderly woman's voice, speaking about the past and her desire to go back for one day. The video contains scenes of her and her past boyfriend (Luna) fighting, intertwined with scenes of them in love. She is later shown as a nostalgic, elderly woman dressed conservatively and standing by a fence looking into the distance. A seven-minute extended version of the video was shown on November 11, 2011, exclusively at select advance screenings of the motion picture "My Week with Marilyn". As of October 2018, the video has more | eng_Latn | 3,110,930 |
when did i ' m a celebrity first start | stay, with the final episode's votes nominating who wins a series and become crowned as "Jungle King/Queen". The programme's first series debuted on 25 August 2002, and was produced by both LWT and Granada Television, and filmed within Tully, Queensland. Later series were undertaken by ITV Studios, and filmed around Murwillumbah, New South Wales. Celebrities participating on the programme receive a donation from ITV to a charity they nominate, with the money raised from charges on voting via text, phone or interactive services. Each series is hosted by Anthony McPartlin and Declan Donnelly, with the exception of the eighteenth series, | NBC announced that there would not be a third season. The first season had 10 contestants. It aired nightly from February 19, 2003 to March 5, 2003 on ABC. John Lehr was the host from the Australian outback. The time differential created serious issues with the live feed. NBC picked up the former ABC show. It aired for 14 episodes and followed the UK's format. The series premiered with a two-hour episode 8–10 pm EDT on June 1, 2009. It aired with a two-hour episode every Monday 8–10 pm aired 8–9 pm EDT Tuesday through Thursday until its June 24 | eng_Latn | 3,110,931 |
who won i am a celebrity get me out of here | I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (Australia season 4) The fourth season of Australia's "I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here", which was commissioned by Network Ten on 8 November 2017, premiered on 28 January 2018 and concluded on 12 March 2018. The season contained the show’s 100th episode which was broadcast on 5 February 2018. Comedian Fiona O'Loughlin won the series, beating singer Shannon Noll and boxer Danny Green, and was crowned "Queen of the Jungle", the $100,000 prize money, was won for her selected charity, Angel Flight. The contestants take part in daily trials to earn food. | confirmed that Holly Willoughby will replace McPartlin as co-presenter alongside Declan Donnelly. The lineup was confirmed on 12 November. Note for "Average rating": Since 2010 incl. HD viewers and since 2011 incl. "ITV +1" consumers. A companion show, I'm a Celebrity: Extra Camp (previously I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! NOW! from 2002–2015) is broadcast on ITV2 following every episode. It has been shown since the first series in 2002 and has featured a variety of presenters. The show is currently presented by Scarlett Moffatt, Joel Dommett and Joe Swash. I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (UK TV | eng_Latn | 3,110,932 |
who won iam a celebrity get me out of here 2018 | I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (Australia season 4) The fourth season of Australia's "I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here", which was commissioned by Network Ten on 8 November 2017, premiered on 28 January 2018 and concluded on 12 March 2018. The season contained the show’s 100th episode which was broadcast on 5 February 2018. Comedian Fiona O'Loughlin won the series, beating singer Shannon Noll and boxer Danny Green, and was crowned "Queen of the Jungle", the $100,000 prize money, was won for her selected charity, Angel Flight. The contestants take part in daily trials to earn food. | the show its highest rating since the third series in 2004. The show finished on 9 December 2018 and was won by Harry Redknapp. The first teaser trailer was released on 27 October 2018. The line-up was confirmed on 12 November 2018. The contestants take part in daily trials to earn food. These trials aim to test both physical and mental abilities. The winner is usually determined by the number of stars collected during the trial, with each star representing a meal earned by the winning contestant for their camp mates. Members from camp will take part in the challenge | eng_Latn | 3,110,933 |
who used to sponsor i 'm a celebrity | programme ran on weekdays on ITV1. It was hosted by Series 5 contestant Sheree Murphy and Phillip Schofield. The series was won by Matt Willis on Day 19. Iceland, the supermarket, replaced First Choice Holidays as the shows' sponsor. On Day 8, the camp was split in two for the first time in I'm A Celebrity history and took part in a 'Battle of The Sexes' like competition. Team Base Camp consisted of David, Dean, Jason, Matt, Scott and Toby. Team Snake Rock consisted of Faith, Jan, Lauren, Malandra, Myleene and Phina. The two teams competed in Bushtucker Trials for | NBC announced that there would not be a third season. The first season had 10 contestants. It aired nightly from February 19, 2003 to March 5, 2003 on ABC. John Lehr was the host from the Australian outback. The time differential created serious issues with the live feed. NBC picked up the former ABC show. It aired for 14 episodes and followed the UK's format. The series premiered with a two-hour episode 8–10 pm EDT on June 1, 2009. It aired with a two-hour episode every Monday 8–10 pm aired 8–9 pm EDT Tuesday through Thursday until its June 24 | eng_Latn | 3,110,934 |
who won the first series of i 'm a celeb | million viewers. I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (UK series 1) The first series of 'I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!' was broadcast on ITV from 25 August to 8 September 2002. Ant & Dec presented the main show on ITV, whilst Louise Loughman hosted the spin-off show "I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! NOW!" on ITV2. The winner of this series was radio DJ Tony Blackburn. The show began with 8 celebrity contestants. The contestants take part in daily trials to earn food All ratings are taken from the UK Programme Ratings website, BARB. Series average | the episode on puddings would take place in Bakewell, bread baking would take place near Sandwich. This first series had a voiceover by Stephen Noonan; for the subsequent series this role was taken by the on-screen presenters Mel Giedroyc and Sue Perkins. The competition was won by Edd Kimber. Colour key: For the first challenge, the bakers were instructed to bake any cake they want using their creativity within 3 hours. It has to be evenly baked, evenly risen, and moist. For the technical challenge, the bakers were to make a Victorian Sandwich using Mary Berry's recipe. For the final | eng_Latn | 3,110,935 |
who wins ticket to finale rising star 2 | will move on to compete for the "Ticket To Finale". The two top scorers of Saturday and Sunday episode participate in a face-off round. The Top 5 contestants except for Ticket to Finale winner Hemant Brijwasi were divided into two batches. Batch A- Zaid Ali, Chetan Brijwasi & Vishnumaya Ramesh and Batch B- Akhtar Brothers & Rohanpreet Singh. The contestant with the lowest score in each batch will be eliminated, making the Top 4. The Top 4 finalists compete in the first round. The Top 3 contestants proceed to the Face-off round. Rising Star India (season 2) Rising Star is | of the episode, the contestant who sits on the Red Sofa gets eliminated. Wild Card Twist: Some of the eliminated contestants were brought back for another chance. Raenit Singh, Aman Biswal & Chetan Brijvasi. The Top 12 contestants compete in this round. As the round progresses, the contestant who receives less votes at that point of the competition moves to the Red Sofa. At the end of the episode, the contestant who sits on the Red Sofa gets eliminated. WILD CARD Top 12 The Top 10 contestants compete in this round. As the round progresses, the contestant who receives less | eng_Latn | 3,110,936 |
where is the 35th season of survivor located | "", where a tied vote at Tribal Council was followed by a second ballot before being declared "deadlocked". The format of the penultimate Tribal Council, with four players remaining, was changed; in lieu of a vote, the winner of the final immunity challenge was to assign additional immunity to another castaway, with the remaining two competing in a fire-making challenge to determine the third finalist. This was the fourth season of the show filmed in Fiji (tied with the Philippines), following "", "", and "Survivor: Game Changers". The cast is composed of 18 new players, initially split into three tribes | were retired after the merge. In "Kaôh Rōng", the three tribes were shuffled into two tribes with 13 players remaining; the leftover castaway Julia Solowski was exiled to the now-defunct third camp and joined the tribe that lost the next immunity challenge the day after their Tribal Council. In "Game Changers", the tribes switched with 15 players where Debbie was exiled for not being put on a tribe. Unlike other visits to Exile Island, Debbie was sent to a luxury yacht. The of the U.S. version introduced the titular Ghost Island, which was similar to Exile Island but it featured | eng_Latn | 3,110,937 |
who won i m a celebrity 2018 australia | I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (Australia season 4) The fourth season of Australia's "I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here", which was commissioned by Network Ten on 8 November 2017, premiered on 28 January 2018 and concluded on 12 March 2018. The season contained the show’s 100th episode which was broadcast on 5 February 2018. Comedian Fiona O'Loughlin won the series, beating singer Shannon Noll and boxer Danny Green, and was crowned "Queen of the Jungle", the $100,000 prize money, was won for her selected charity, Angel Flight. The contestants take part in daily trials to earn food. | voting while Twitter voting will be used exclusively for trial voting. This change was implemented to even the playing field between celebrities with a larger international fan base (who are more likely to receive Twitter votes from said fan base) and celebrities with a smaller fan base who are only known in Australia. However, this decision was later reversed, allowing Twitter and Facebook votes for the finals. Winners crowned King or Queen of their respective year. Key: In June 2017, Tom Arnold filed a lawsuit against Network Ten and A List Entertainment for defrauding him for being on "I'm a | eng_Latn | 3,110,938 |
who won i 'm a celebrity australia 2016 | I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (Australia season 2) The second season of "I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here", which was commissioned on 16 July 2015, premiered on Network Ten on 31 January 2016. The season was won by Brendan Fevola who received $100,000 for his charity, and gave half ($50,000) to Paul Harragon's charity. The contestants take part in daily trials to earn food. These trials aim to test both physical and mental abilities. Success is usually determined by the number of stars collected during the trial, with each star representing a meal earned by the winning | Solomon and Chris Ramsey. Joe Swash remained as part of the spin-off. Gogglebox star Scarlett Moffatt won the show on 4 December 2016, with stand up comedian Joel Dommett finishing runner up and Emmerdale star Adam Thomas finishing third. This was the first time in the show's history that two females have won consecutive series. The celebrity cast line-up for the sixteenth series was confirmed on 7 November 2016. The contestants take part in daily trials to earn food. These trials aim to test both physical and mental abilities. The winner is usually determined by the number of stars collected | eng_Latn | 3,110,939 |
who won the last series of the apprentice | The New Celebrity Apprentice The New Celebrity Apprentice is the eighth and final installment of the reality game show "The Celebrity Apprentice". It aired from January 2 to February 13, 2017. The winner of this season was Matt Iseman. The season marks the debut of Arnold Schwarzenegger—actor and former Governor of California, as host. The show's former host, current United States President Donald Trump, stated he opted to leave "out of respect" while he was focusing on his presidential campaign. NBC had also begun to cut ties with Trump following controversial remarks he made upon the start of his campaign | the prize, with Margaret Mountford announcing her decision to stand down as a participant of the show during its broadcast, officially confirming it on "You're Fired". The series was won by Yasmina Siadatan, who started a relationship a few weeks later with Andrew Hepburn, a fellow development manager, resulting in her getting pregnant. She effectively gave her notice to Lord Sugar during 2012 before she was due to return from maternity leave, after she had fallen pregnant again. Following Mountford's departure, Karren Brady was officially revealed as her replacement on 30 August 2009, later revealing in a newspaper interview on | eng_Latn | 3,110,940 |
who won im a celebrity get me outta here | I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (Australia season 3) The third season of Australia's "I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here", which was commissioned by Network Ten on 1 August 2016, premiered on 29 January 2017. Casey Donovan won the series, beating Natalie Bassingthwaighte and footballer Dane Swan, and was crowned the first ever "Queen of the Jungle", the $100,000 prize money, was won for her selected charity, the Starlight Children's Foundation . The contestants take part in daily trials to earn food. These trials aim to test both physical and mental abilities. Success is usually determined by the | trial each today, to win a fully prepared three course meal for dinner. Fran Cosgrave contested in 'Eel Helmet' for the starter course. Paul Burrell contested in 'Bushtucker Bonanza' for the main course and Joe Pasquale contested in 'Danger Down Under' for the dessert course. Each of them won the maximum of 5 stars. Day 18 Joe Pasquale was crowned 'King of the Jungle' in the final vote. Paul Burrell was second and Fran Cosgrave was third. Natalie Appleton was initially selected to take part in this trial, but walked out before this and was replaced by Shelia Ferguson. All | eng_Latn | 3,110,941 |
who won celebrity get me out of here 2017 | I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (Australia season 3) The third season of Australia's "I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here", which was commissioned by Network Ten on 1 August 2016, premiered on 29 January 2017. Casey Donovan won the series, beating Natalie Bassingthwaighte and footballer Dane Swan, and was crowned the first ever "Queen of the Jungle", the $100,000 prize money, was won for her selected charity, the Starlight Children's Foundation . The contestants take part in daily trials to earn food. These trials aim to test both physical and mental abilities. Success is usually determined by the | "Toff" Toffolo won the series on 10 December 2017, with "Hollyoaks" actor Jamie Lomas finishing runner up, and comedian and broadcaster Iain Lee finishing third. This was the first time in the show's history that three females have won consecutive series. Professional boxer Amir Khan also became the highest-paid contestant in the history of the show, beating the previous £400,000 record held by Katie Price in series 9. Three days into the series, Jack Maynard was removed from the jungle after offensive messages on Twitter were discovered. The first teaser trailer was released on 1 November 2017. The trailer featured | eng_Latn | 3,110,942 |
when is survivor david vs goliath coming out | Survivor: David vs. Goliath Survivor: David vs. Goliath is the 37th season of the American CBS competitive reality television series "Survivor". The season features 20 new contestants divided into two tribes embodied by two biblical figures: "David", composed of ten underdogs who constantly have to overcome obstacles, and "Goliath", composed of ten overachievers who have used their advantages in life to excel in their fields. The season premiered on September 26, 2018, with an extended 90-minute episode, and concluded with a live season finale on December 19, 2018, where Nick Wilson was named the winner over Mike White and Angelina | big time." "The Hollywood Reporter" called the tribal council in episode nine a "savage" blindside. In an interview in November 2018, Jeff Probst acknowledged the cast of "David vs. Goliath" as "one of the best groups we’ve ever had." He also highly praised the tribal councils in episodes eight and nine, calling the first "a total shocker and a brilliant move" and the second "a historic "Survivor" moment" and "all we could have ever dared dream when we put the Nullifier into this season." Just a week after filming ended for the season, Alec Merlino posted a picture with fellow | eng_Latn | 3,110,943 |
who was the first contestant on survivor borneo to be voted off the show | seasons, the runner-up receives $100,000, and third place wins $85,000. All other players receive money on a sliding scale, though specific amounts have rarely been made public. Sonja Christopher, the first player voted off of "", received $2,500. In "", the first season with tied runners-up, the two runners-up received US$100,000 each, and Yau-Man Chan received US$60,000 for his fourth-place finish. All players also receive an additional $10,000 for their appearance on the reunion show. Most seasons between "The Australian Outback" and "Fiji" have featured a late-season reward challenge where the winner receives a car. This reward was infamous for | Malaysia. The sixteen contestants were initially separated into two tribes, named Tagi and Pagong, which represented the names of their beaches. When ten players remained, the contestants merged into one tribe, named Rattana. While Tagi and Pagong's names and makeups were picked by the producers, Rattana was named by contestants Sean Kenniff and Jenna Lewis, because of a large amount of Rattan wood on the island. After 39 days of competition, corporate trainer Richard Hatch was named the Sole Survivor, defeating whitewater rafting guide Kelly Wiglesworth in a 4–3 jury vote. On August 23, 2000, the "Survivor: Borneo" finale received | eng_Latn | 3,110,944 |
i 'm a celebrity get me out of here australia winner 2018 | I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (Australia season 4) The fourth season of Australia's "I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here", which was commissioned by Network Ten on 8 November 2017, premiered on 28 January 2018 and concluded on 12 March 2018. The season contained the show’s 100th episode which was broadcast on 5 February 2018. Comedian Fiona O'Loughlin won the series, beating singer Shannon Noll and boxer Danny Green, and was crowned "Queen of the Jungle", the $100,000 prize money, was won for her selected charity, Angel Flight. The contestants take part in daily trials to earn food. | I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (Australia season 3) The third season of Australia's "I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here", which was commissioned by Network Ten on 1 August 2016, premiered on 29 January 2017. Casey Donovan won the series, beating Natalie Bassingthwaighte and footballer Dane Swan, and was crowned the first ever "Queen of the Jungle", the $100,000 prize money, was won for her selected charity, the Starlight Children's Foundation . The contestants take part in daily trials to earn food. These trials aim to test both physical and mental abilities. Success is usually determined by the | eng_Latn | 3,110,945 |
who got voted off survivor november 1st 2017 | member and the Hustlers lost two. When the tribes were switched, Ryan and Chrissy aligned on the new Soko tribe, working to eliminate Healers and their allies, including Ryan's former Hustlers tribemate Ali. At the merge, Ryan and Chrissy brought their former Heroes and Hustlers tribemates together against the Healers. Ryan and Chrissy's allies eventually turned on them, with Ben acting as a double agent to hinder their plans, but Ben's new alliance also betrayed him for being a threat to win the game. However, he managed to successfully play three consecutive hidden immunity idols to reach the final four | two groups to eliminate members from each. Though she settled with Cirie and Andrea's group to decimate the other alliance, she later betrayed them to align with Brad and his last remaining ally, Troyzan; the three then used a series of immunities and advantages to secure the majority and reach the end of the game together. At the Final Tribal Council, Troyzan was overlooked by the jury for being Brad's follower throughout the game, and went on to receive no votes to win. Sarah was commended for her strategic control and social flexibility but criticized for manipulating personal relations for | eng_Latn | 3,110,946 |
who won i 'm a celebrity get me out | I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (Australia season 4) The fourth season of Australia's "I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here", which was commissioned by Network Ten on 8 November 2017, premiered on 28 January 2018 and concluded on 12 March 2018. The season contained the show’s 100th episode which was broadcast on 5 February 2018. Comedian Fiona O'Loughlin won the series, beating singer Shannon Noll and boxer Danny Green, and was crowned "Queen of the Jungle", the $100,000 prize money, was won for her selected charity, Angel Flight. The contestants take part in daily trials to earn food. | trial each today, to win a fully prepared three course meal for dinner. Fran Cosgrave contested in 'Eel Helmet' for the starter course. Paul Burrell contested in 'Bushtucker Bonanza' for the main course and Joe Pasquale contested in 'Danger Down Under' for the dessert course. Each of them won the maximum of 5 stars. Day 18 Joe Pasquale was crowned 'King of the Jungle' in the final vote. Paul Burrell was second and Fran Cosgrave was third. Natalie Appleton was initially selected to take part in this trial, but walked out before this and was replaced by Shelia Ferguson. All | eng_Latn | 3,110,947 |
when does im a celebrity get me out of here australia start | rates. On 1 August 2016 the series was renewed for a third season with Morris and Brown returning as hosts, which premiered on 29 January 2017. A fourth season commenced on 28 January 2018 and concluded 12 March 2018. A fifth season has been announced and will air from 13 January 2019. The show is set to be reduced from airing over a six week period to four weeks for the 2019 season. The premise of the show is that there is a group of well known personalities living together in a specially constructed camp site in a jungle. During | I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (Australia season 5) The fifth season of Australia's "I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here", which was commissioned by Network Ten on 10 September 2018, will premiere on 13 January 2019. On 13 December 2018, 3 clues were released to the public by Network 10 on the identities of three celebrities. More clues are expected to be released over the next few weeks on the celebrities. Currently the clues to the professions of the celebrities include a red carpet gossip guru, two controversial politicians and a AFL footy legend. A number of celebrities | eng_Latn | 3,110,948 |
i 'm a celebrity get me out of here australia host | celebrities arrive in the 'jungle'). All shows are presented by Julia Morris & Chris Brown from a nearby studio. The program is live to AEDT States (New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania and the Australian Capital Territory), in other states the program is delayed to accommodate local time zones. In addition to the television broadcast, for the first season a live feed from the camp site aired for an hour after the AEDT airing of the show on Ten's website and mobile app, titled "The Fallout Zone" but more commonly referred to as "FOZ". The content of feed was available on | rates. On 1 August 2016 the series was renewed for a third season with Morris and Brown returning as hosts, which premiered on 29 January 2017. A fourth season commenced on 28 January 2018 and concluded 12 March 2018. A fifth season has been announced and will air from 13 January 2019. The show is set to be reduced from airing over a six week period to four weeks for the 2019 season. The premise of the show is that there is a group of well known personalities living together in a specially constructed camp site in a jungle. During | eng_Latn | 3,110,949 |
who won the first series of i 'm a celebrity | million viewers. I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (UK series 1) The first series of 'I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!' was broadcast on ITV from 25 August to 8 September 2002. Ant & Dec presented the main show on ITV, whilst Louise Loughman hosted the spin-off show "I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! NOW!" on ITV2. The winner of this series was radio DJ Tony Blackburn. The show began with 8 celebrity contestants. The contestants take part in daily trials to earn food All ratings are taken from the UK Programme Ratings website, BARB. Series average | Fame Academy (series 1) The first series of "Fame Academy", a BBC reality talent search, was first broadcast in the United Kingdom over ten weeks in October - December 2002. It was won by David Sneddon. The live shows were presented by Cat Deeley and Patrick Kielty. Eleven previously selected contestants were showcased to the nation in the first live episode, while the first viewer vote of the series was announced in a surprise twist - three other potential finalists would be showcased to the nation - and the public could vote for whom they wanted to enter the Academy, | eng_Latn | 3,110,950 |
where is survivor australia champions vs contenders filmed | Sole Survivor. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Notes Ratings data is from OzTAM and represents the viewership from the 5 largest Australian metropolitan centres (Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth and Adelaide). Notes Australian Survivor: Champions vs. Contenders Australian Survivor: Champions vs. Contenders is the fifth season of "Australian Survivor", a television series based on the international reality game show franchise "Survivor". Filmed on the Fijian island of Savusavu, this season featured 11 celebrities, a Survivor All Star, and 12 regular Australians competing against each other for a grand prize of A$500,000. The season premiered on 1 August 2018, airing between two and four times per | air on the Network Ten, following the network acquiring the broadcast rights to the "Australian Survivor" franchise in late 2015, and the third to be hosted by Jonathan LaPaglia. This was the second season of "Australian Survivor" to feature celebrity contestants following "Celebrity Survivor" in 2006, and the first to feature a non-Australian contestant, as part of Network Ten's synergy with its new owner, CBS, which owns the United States rights to the franchise, which offered an All Star from their series. The 24 contestants were divided into two tribes based on celebrity status: "Champions," composed of 12 people who | eng_Latn | 3,110,951 |
who is in the current series of who do you think you are | Holly Willoughby Holly Marie Baldwin (née Willoughby; born 10 February 1981) is an English television presenter. She is currently the co-presenter of "This Morning" (2009–present) and "Dancing on Ice" (2006–2011, 2018–present) alongside Phillip Schofield. Since 2008, Willoughby has been a team captain on ITV2's "Celebrity Juice" alongside Fearne Cotton. From 2012 to 2015, she presented the revived television series "Surprise Surprise", replacing original presenter Cilla Black. Other TV work includes BBC's "The Voice UK" (2012–2013), "Play to the Whistle" (2015–2017) and "The Xtra Factor" (2008–2009). In November 2018, Willoughby co-presented the eighteenth series of "I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of | from the third series onwards. The current narrator, as of Series 14 in 2017, is Phil Davis. Mark Strong took over from David Morrissey after the first series, which was nominated for "Best Factual Series or Strand" in the 2005 BAFTAs; Cherie Lunghi was the narrator between Series 10 and 13. In the first series, the last ten minutes of each episode featured presenter Adrian Chiles and genealogical researcher Nick Barratt giving tips on tracing a family tree. In 2007, a special episode was broadcast in conjunction with the BBC's "Family Wanted" campaign featuring Nicky Campbell, who was adopted a | eng_Latn | 3,110,952 |
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