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69038769 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016%20Pakistan%20Floods | 2016 Pakistan Floods | In 2016 Pakistan experienced higher rainfall than normal (10-20%), especially in the pre-monsoon season. Heavy monsoon rains are common in the region. This led to multiple periods of flooding, landslides, and damage (including loss of life) particularly in Northern Pakistan. The Swat River overflowed and multiple landslides occurred around Pakistan including in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Gilgit-Baltistan, Azad Jammu, and Kashmir.
Overview
Heavier than usual pre-monsoon rains affected over 53 districts of Pakistan resulting in deaths, injuries, and damage with 56% of deaths occurring in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (where the most rain fell). Flooding and landslides damaged houses alongside the Karakoram Highway. Road blockages disrupted supply chains resulting in food shortages in Gilgit-Baltistan. The Pakistan Government did not request support from the international community but airlifted 20 tons of emergency food and shelter supplies to Gilgit-Baltistan to assist in the relief efforts. The Pakistan Red Crescent Society and Agha Khan Development Network (AKDN) provided emergency health kits and non-food items including tents. The Pakistan Government also ensured compensation for deaths and injuries amongst the families affected. Despite the ongoing rains the government returned families back to their places of origin.
Background
Heavy rainfall is common in Southern Asia during the pre-monsoon season.
Geography and climate
The Northern regions of Pakistan include parts of the Karakorum mountains and the Himalaya range, containing many of the world's highest mountain peaks as well as large glaciers. The presence of these geological features combined with the flow of warm, moist air from the Bay of Bengal, subject the region to periods of extreme rainfall and increased fluvial flows. This includes two regular monsoon seasons from June through September, and October to November. The rain during monsoon seasons combined with increasing amounts of glacial melt in lakes and rivers, contribute to frequent flooding events in Pakistan. The primary source of flood flows in 2016 were generated by moderate to heavy downpour in upper catchments of major rivers and their tributaries.
Climate change
The severity of previous floods in Pakistan, notably the 2010 flood, have been directly attributed to the effects of climate change. One of the major climate threats is the predicted increase of extreme weather, coupled with changing monsoon rains which cause intense floods followed by periods of drought. Climate change has increased the frequency of flooding events in the region and in Pakistan in particular. In recent memory the most severe of these were the devastating floods in 2010.
Housing, infrastructure and governance
After severe floods in 1973 and 1976, the Federal Flood Commission was established to assume a unified national responsibility for flood protection works (previously a devolved responsibility of the provincial governments within Pakistan). A government report in 2009 acknowledged the limited success of flood protection measures in the major river valleys of Pakistan, and also noted that "As there is no proper regulatory frame work in the country regarding the settlement in riverine areas, most of the poor people have constructed their shelters along the vulnerable river banks and become victims to devastating floods."
Geographical and physical impact of the 2016 Pakistan floods
Due to varying geography, Pakistan has many different climates, including: hot desert climates, humid subtropical climates, hot semi-arid climates, cold desert climates, cold semi-arid climates and oceanic climates. The average annual precipitation is 494mm and the average monthly precipitation is 4.30mm. Pakistan is also described as having "three major hydrological landscapes" these consist of the Indus Basin, the Kharan Basin and the Makran Coastal area. It was large quantities of rainwater and glacial melt into the Indus Basin area that primarily contributed to the 2016 floods.
Pakistan's monsoon rains originate from moisture which moves over India. Consequently, flooding events occur every year. However, the monsoons are beginning to migrate north-westerly, where there are fewer smaller and narrower rivers which are not sufficient to collect monsoon water to prevent flooding.
In the provinces of Punjab, Balochistan, Khyber-Paktunkhwa, FATA, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, it was reported that 171 houses were damaged as of the 18th of March 2016.
Rain started at night of Saturday, April 3, rainfall began to spur floods in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa region in the northwest.
As of the 13th of April 2016, it was reported that 2700 houses were damaged. and many collapsed. This was due to the heavy rain which caused flooding and consequently landslides. As a result, food shortages in Gilgit Balistan were experienced due to the blocking of the Karakoram Highway. Houses are often poorly built, especially in rural areas which meant they were susceptible to collapse after heavy rain. 300,000 families were registered displaced after the floods but now half have returned to their homes. The recurrence of frequent floods in Pakistan poses serious threat to crops, properties and human life.
Another flood began in August. At least 82 people were killed during the floods, including a disaster involving a bus which resulted in the deaths of 27 people and the disappearance of four.
Response
Pakistan's National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) played a critical role in the management of the nation's coordination of rescue, relief and recovery efforts with all stakeholders . As part of preparations for the 2016 monsoon season, a National Post Flood-2015 Review Conference was held in January 2016, seeking to implement a strong response for future monsoons.
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa government began to administer relief for those affected. Rural areas with poor infrastructure were highly susceptible, and, consequently, some 150 homes were destroyed in the event. The floods also caused deadly landslides that killed another 23 people. However, 5 survived and were rescued. Furthermore, the rain washed away bridges and roads in the area, as well as causing crop loss.
Pre-monsoon
The Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD) forecasted an early Monsoon season, and so preparations for response were made early. Pre-monsoon instructions were issues to all stakeholders on March 18, 2016, one week after the pre-monsoon spell started. The Khyber Paktunkhwa region was most heavily impacted by the pre-monsoon season and its government administered relief to citizens in the region. The equivalent of $1,000 was issued to those whose houses were destroyed or $500 to those partially damaged. Injured citizens received $500, and relatives of the deceased received $3,000. In 2016, for the first time, pre-monsoon season was more intense and devastating than the actual monsoon season.
Monsoon
To enhance the response capabilities of the Army, the National Reserve of Flood Fighting Equipment was created, providing fiber glass boats and lifesaving jackets to various regions. Due to the enhanced preparations prior to monsoon season, awareness levels were high, resulting in timely evacuations during flash floods. Inter-provincial coordination proved problematic during the period, with important communication artery between Punjan and AJK being closed off due to the delayed clearance of a landslide on a road in the District Rawalpindi.
Relief provided throughout the entire monsoon season in 2016 was extensive: 6,493 tents; 4,198 plastic mats; 10,392 blankets; 323 tons of food items. The Pakistan Army engaged in relief and rescue operations in heavily impacted areas providing food, shelter and medical aid. Although the international community were in close contact, no request for assistance was made during the floods of 2016.
Aftermath
Deaths and injuries
According to Pakistan's NMDA, there were a total of 424 deaths as a result of the pre-monsoon rains (March–May 2016) and monsoon season (June–September 2016). 153 of the people who died were children. By province, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa was the worst affected during both disasters, with a total of 226 deaths. Unfortunately some bodies were not able to be recovered, and therefore all mortality statistics are estimates. 279 people nationwide were injured in the pre-monsoon rains, and 113 people were injured during the monsoon season. Deaths and injuries were largely due to the collapse of unstable buildings in landslides, and vehicles being swept away in fast moving flood water.
Difficulty accessing healthcare
Despite rapid response to try and clear roads affected by landslides, it was difficult to provide outside assistance to remote villages. People in rural areas struggled to access healthcare, as local hospitals did not have the facilities to treat them and travel to hospitals further afield was difficult.
Internal displacement
Following the floods in 2015, over 300,000 people were registered as internally displaced. Despite predications of a particularly bad monsoon season in 2016, 16,000 families were returned to the Federally Administered Tribal areas in April 2016 (approximately half the number that had been displaced in the previous year). During the pre-monsoon rains, thousands of people were stranded in north west Pakistan due to road blockages caused by landslides. Rescue efforts centred around people stuck under debris of their houses and provision of aid supplies (including tents). Local administrations evacuated hundreds of people from each region of Pakistan in July and August before rain hit, preventing loss of life. However, damage to homes by the floods meant these people could not be returned quickly.
Health impacts
Short term
People displaced by the floods were more vulnerable to viral epidemics (e.g. yellow fever) and waterborne and vector borne diseases: malaria, leptospirosis, typhoid and West Nile fever. Diarrhoeal, respiratory and skin infections increase in the weeks and months following floods. Even without flooding events, Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) like dengue are widespread but floods increased infection rates due to increased standing water. Damage to sanitation infrastructure increased the risk of cholera, specifically Vibrio cholerae which is endemic in Pakistan following the 2010 floods. Health care was disrupted where access to health facilities is already limited. In parts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa facilities are over 30 minutes' walk away.
Long term
Inadequate access to health care contributes to poorer health outcomes and increased DALYs in the long term. Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) like depression and post-traumatic stress disorder increase in the aftermath of floods. This is not readily acknowledged or addressed in disaster responses. Failure to adequately address the trauma of repeated exposure to flooding events and the ways in which floods exacerbate disease burden has a detrimental impact on people's psycho-social and physical well-being.
Changes in response to flooding
Adaptive responses
Use of land and agriculture to reduce the impact of flash and heavy flooding events in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa region.
The creation of irrigation structures, the variegation of crops including the use of crop varieties that are more resilient to the changing climate, and changing the crop calendar to improve the integrity of the land and to reduce crop loss are all techniques advocated. However, implementation is constrained by availability of finance, knowledge and training of farmers around sustainable land use for cultivation and access to new technologies.
Mitigation measures
Resilience of individual households
Households are more likely to adopt well known and straight forward mitigation measures rather than longer term or complex ones. Once again, floods impact the poorest and mitigation measures are constrained by available finance, minimal access to an early warning systems and insufficient land use planning. Investment in these areas is essential to reduce future vulnerabilities.
References
Further reading
</ref><ref>
at least 71 people were killed
Floods in Pakistan
Pakistan
Pakistan
History of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (1947–present) |
69051283 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ann%20Flood%20%28politician%29 | Ann Flood (politician) | Ann Flood is an American politician. She is a Republican member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, representing the 138th district in Northampton County since 2021.
Biography
Flood graduated from Pen Argyl High School and received a BS in biology from Moravian College.
In 2020, Flood was elected to the Pennsylvania House of Representatives representing the 138th district, which is part of Northampton County. She defeated Democratic candidate Tara Zrinski with 56.2% of the vote in the general election.
Flood currently sits on the Aging & Older Adult Services, Children & Youth, Game & Fisheries, and Human Services committees.
References
External links
Pennsylvania House of Representatives profile
Living people
Republican Party members of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives
21st-century American women politicians
Women in Pennsylvania politics
Women state legislators in Pennsylvania
21st-century American politicians
Year of birth missing (living people) |
69069973 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catharine%20Flood%20McCall | Catharine Flood McCall | Catharine Flood McCall (1766–March 9, 1828) was an early 19th-century American businesswoman, during a time when women generally did not operate businesses or manage finances in America. Before and during the American Revolutionary War, she was educated in Scotland and London. She inherited Cedar Grove and Clydeside plantations following the death of her maternal grandfather, Dr. Nicholas Flood in 1776. Parliament passed a law that prevented people from traveling to the Thirteen British Colonies during the war. McCall and her father were unable to return to Virginia until 1782. She was among the largest slaveholders in Essex County, Virginia, and received an inheritance from her maternal grandfather of the Cedar Grove and Clydeside plantations.
Beginning in 1798, she owned blacksmith shops and nail factories in Alexandria and Richmond, Virginia, during a period of growth in Virginia when there was a demand for nails to build wooden houses and buildings. Her business competed against Thomas Jefferson's and the Virginia State Penitentiary's blacksmith and nailery businesses. After the penitentiary had understood McCall's nailery, she sold the business in 1815 to William Stewart, Jr. who died with outstanding debts. McCall was sued for his debts, claiming that McCall had not properly sold the business to Stewart. McCall lived in Georgetown in the District of Columbia in her later years.
Early life
Catharine (Kate, Kattey, Kitty) Flood McCall was born on December 25, 1766, in Tappahannock, Essex County, Virginia. Her mother, Katharine Flood McCall, died on January 5, 1767, due to complications of childbirth. Her father Archibald McCall was a merchant and landowner, who lived on a plantation near Tappahannock. She had an older sister Elizabeth (Betsy).
In 1773, Catharine age 6 and Elizabeth age 8, were sent by their father to Glasgow to be educated. The girls were educated in Edinburgh, Scotland and London, England boarding schools. Archibald McCall had intended to go with them, but it took longer than he expected to get his business affairs in order. The American Revolutionary War began on April 19, 1775, and McCall sailed to Great Britain that September. Parliament enacted a law that prevented people from freely traveling from Britain to the American colonies during the war.
McCall was heiress to the estate of her maternal grandfather Dr. Nicholas Flood, who died by May 6, 1776, when an inventory was taken of his estate. Flood was a successful planter and a physician. He and his wife, Elizabeth Peachey Floor (1721–1792) had only one child, Katharine who died in 1767. McCall was the sole heir to Flood's estate, which included the Clydeside plantation in Essex County and Cedar Grove plantation in Richmond County. She later sold Cedar Grove and kept Clydeside.
In May 1777, Archibald brought his daughters to London to further their education. Betsy became sick with a fever in November and died on December 15, 1777, in London.
While they were in Scotland, McCall's estate was confiscated by authorities in Virginia. Elizabeth Flood, McCalls's maternal grandmother, fought to regain the property for her. Flood asked that Archibald be allowed to return to the estate and manage it until McCall came of age. That petition was denied. In 1778, her father had petitioned for passports for himself and McCall in London. He also tried through George McCall to get passports for them to Philadelphia or New York on a ship and then down to Virginia. Archibald was concerned about having her travel on a merchant ship across the Atlantic Ocean and for her safety around soldiers. He was also concerned about being unable to care for their property during the war. Archibald established a business in London with a partner, but the partner died, leaving a large debt to his partner's heirs.
In 1782, McCall and her father were allowed to return to Virginia. When she was 16, her father chartered the first ship that left London for America after the end of the war. In the winter of 1785–1786, a relative, Robert Hunter, and his friend Joseph Hadwell stayed with the McCalls. Both men sought to court McCall, but she rejected both of them.
Career
McCall was well-educated and an intelligent conversationalist. She was a wealthy single woman and the largest female slaveholder and the ninth-largest slaveholder in Essex County between 1800 and 1820. She owned 29 enslaved workers and generated income by hiring out some of her bondsmen.
In 1798, she founded a blacksmith shop and nail factory in Alexandria. She opened another factory in Richmond in 1806. It was called McCall's Basin on the Edge of the Canal. She made key decisions for the businesses with her father's guidance. McCall had managers who coordinated the daily operations.
Her competitors were Thomas Jefferson and an enterprise that relied on prisoners at the Virginia State Penitentiary, which was less than a mile from McCall's Alexandria factory. She relied on enslaved and free laborers to staff the business. As Virginia's cities grew during the early 19th century, nails were needed to build wooden buildings. McCall's nail factory produced nail rod, bar iron, wrought nails, cut nails, and brads. The Penitentiary became profitable in 1807 from prisoner-made nails and other products. By 1815, it undercut McCall's and Jefferson's businesses, both of which ultimately closed down.
In January 1815, McCall transferred control of the business to William Stewart, Jr., who had managed the Alexandria businesses beginning November 1800. He was responsible for the work of enslaved laborers as well as purchasing, order processing, and bookkeeping. He then ran the business with John Creighton, until he was forced out of the business due to personal debt. He sold his share of the business to Creighton and William Gilham. His health declined due to emotional depression and illness and he died in February 1819, with outstanding debts. His creditors took the stance that McCall was liable for the debts because she did not legally sell the business to Stewart.
The Circuit Court of the District of Columbia for Alexandria County heard a chancery suit entitled Administrator of William Stewart, Jr. v. Catherine Flood McCall and others. The purpose of the suit was to prove that McCall's father was involved in business financial decisions. Letters between Stewart and McCall were used as evidence of their business practices.
It was very rare at the time for women to run industrial businesses, as McCall did. In the suit, McCall was identified as the owner of the business.
Personal life and death
McCall and her father had residences in Tappahannock and Richmond. Archibald died in 1814.
McCall, who never married, moved to Georgetown in her later years. In 1821, Robert Hunter contacted her and asked her to marry him. By that time, he was a widower with married children. She declined. McCall died in Georgetown on March 9, 1828. After her death, Judge Walter Jones, a cousin from Washington, D.C., inherited her Clydeside estate.
Legacy
She is one of a couple of American women—like Martha Washington and Annie Henry Christian—who oversaw significant business operations that relied on slave labor in the late 1700s and early 1800s.
Notes
References
Bibliography
Further reading
1766 births
1828 deaths
People from Essex County, Virginia
19th-century American businesswomen
19th-century American businesspeople
American women slave owners |
69078461 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%20Nepal%20floods | 2021 Nepal floods | 2021 Nepal floods were a series of flash floods caused by heavy rains causing landslides and flash floods.
In June 2021, the Melamchi River flooded, caused damage in the Melamchi Bazar in Sindhupalchowk District of Nepal killing several locals and some foreigners. In the same month, the Mahakali River in Kanchanpur District washed out an under-construction bridge.
In September 2021, heavy rain inundated 382 houses and roads in Kathmandu. About 105 mm of rainfall occurred in three hours in Kathmandu Valley. On the same week, another flood in Tarai region caused nine deaths and damaged 42 houses.
In October 2021, a flood in Karnali catchment of western Nepal killed at least 103 people. In the Mahakali River basin, 2600 people were displaced. In eastern Nepal, the rain storm destroyed about 50,000 hectares of paddy plantations. In Palpa district, 535 ha of paddy plantation was damaged.2232 houses were inundated across Nepal. The domestic airport in Biratnagar was closed for four days due to flooding of the runway. The flood blocked highways at 244 places around Nepal causing damage of about NPR 1 billion.
See also
May 2012 Nepal floods
2019 Nepal floods
2020 Nepal floods
2021 South Asian floods
References
2021 meteorology
2021 floods
2021
June 2021 events in Asia
September 2021 events in Asia
October 2021 events in Asia
Nepal |
69131669 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017%20West%20Attica%20floods | 2017 West Attica floods | During the morning hours of November 15, 2017, after heavy rainfall caused because of the barometric low Eurydice and the Cyclone Numa, flooding occurred in Western Attica and mainly in Mandra, Nea Peramos, Magoula and Elefsina. The floods killed 24 people and caused severe damage. This is the third largest flood in Attica based on the number of dead.
Aftermath
Eurydice was a deep meteorological low that struck Western and Southern Greece as well as the Dodecanese in November 2017. Disasters occurred in Nafplio, Symi, Crete and Corfu. The areas most affected were Mandra and Nea Peramos. Cars were swept away by the waters and ended up in the sea or streams, and in some of them the passengers drowned. The old highway was turned into a river, as were the streets of Athens. There have been cases of theft in homes and shops damaged by the floods. Many areas were left without electricity for hours. Victims were hosted on a cruise ship. Three days of mourning were declared in the country.
The death toll was 24 people, of whom 23 in Mandra and one in Nea Peramos.
In Mandra 1064 buildings, and in particular 794 houses, 126 business premises, 8 public buildings and 136 warehouses and basements, were damaged. In the area of Megara and Nea Peramos at least 448 buildings were destroyed, of which 228 were residential, 38 business premises, 6 public buildings and 123 warehouses and basements.
Deaths and flood damage provoked political reactions.
The Municipality of Athens sent significant material assistance to the victims of West Attica, while the Ministry of Labor, Social Security and Social Solidarity decided to provide facilities to companies, employers or insured persons who had a professional establishment or activity in the areas and suffered damages.
References
External links
Natural disasters in Greece
West Attica floods
West Attica
2010s floods in Europe
West Attica floods
Floods in Greece |
69199129 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%20Bosnia%20and%20Herzegovina%20floods | 2021 Bosnia and Herzegovina floods | Between 4 and 11 November 2021, heavy rainfall resulted in widespread flash flooding in many places across Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Federal Hydrometereological Institute issued a red warning on 5 November 2021 for flooding. There was great material damage.
The first wave of floods started in the night of 4–5 November and caused many rivers to flood or have their levels significantly increased. Hundreds of objects were at least partially flooded. The settlement of Otes was hit the hardest, where fire cars were used to evacuate tens of people and sandbags placed to prevent houses from flooding. The rain was forecast to not completely stop until Monday, 8 November 2021. Many villages in Sarajevo Canton were submerged and the A1 motorway was closed. The waters were receding during 6 and 7 November, except in the city of Doboj, where there was a slight increase. A few unexploded bombs were found in previously flooded regions.
Affected regions
Sarajevo region
The capital Sarajevo was impacted by the floods the most. The main roadways in Sarajevo were under water, causing traffic slowdowns. The flooding hit Otes the most. Many houses were flooded and some cars were stuck in the water. Firefighters, the police, the Agency for Civil Protection of the Sarajevo Canton (as well as the municipal agencies), and volunteers managed the situation. There was a shortage of manpower and not all affected objects were quickly helped. Traffic between Otes and the rest of the city was cut off by the floods. The rivers Željeznica and the Tilava flooded Butmir and Gornji Kotorac, where tens of objects were affected. The bridge Most spasa (Salvation bridge) connecting Butmir and the neighbourly settlement Sokolović Kolonija was submerged. There had been traffic obstructions on the routes connecting Boljakov Potok, Pofalići, and Stup. Floods were contained in Stari Grad owing to high responsiveness and cleaning of surface drains. Schools were closed in Ilidža, where volunteer actions to set up sandbags took place. The rivers were slowly receding to their riverbeds between 6 and 11 November.
The promenade Vilsonovo Šetalište was closed. The river Željeznica eroded land near it. Nearby objects were at risk of collapsing into the river because of this. Sandbags were set up in Butmir. Vlakovo was heavily flooded. The Miljacka was close to submerging some bridges. The Reljevo powergrids malfunctioned which caused a blackout in most of Sarajevo for a few hours. Its electricity output was unstable, particularly in Ilidža. The oxygen plant of the company Meser was flooded. Great damage was done to the Jahorina Ski Resort as well.
Households lost electricity access in Foča and the water there was not potable for a short period of time. Voznica in Hadžići was flooded, although buildings were not affected. Experts had been warning there would be serious consequences to deforestation. It had an impact on the scale of the floods, as well as on river springs. 150 houses were endangered by the floods in Vojkovići, East Ilidža. Nine people were evacuated from the village of Kijevo, and the Foča–Trnovo road got partially destroyed.
The Institute of Public Health in the Sarajevo Canton advised against drinking tap water. The Government of Sarajevo Canton declared the end of the state of natural emergency, due to floods, on 26 November.
Central Bosnia Canton
The Bosna and the Fojnica's levels had been rising, but no residential buildings were impacted in the Central Bosnia Canton.
Herzegovina-Neretva Canton
The river level of the Neretva in Konjic reached a record high at 04:00 local time where there were floods and the roads were under water. Citizens in the city of Mostar were advised to boil their water, which was not safe for consumption. Tens of residences, and local roads in the Konjic municipality were flooded, and there were issues with electricity and pipeline water transport in some villages. The village of Hotovlje was cut off from regional traffic. The level of the Buna was the highest since measurements began in 1923, at , and many buildings in Blagaj were also flooded. Eventually, the river level of the Neretva lowered and roads were unblocked in the Konjic municipality.
The Neretva had been filled with trash, a problem during heavier rainfall noted for years, caused by unregulated disposal near the river.
Tuzla Canton
The Spreča flooded 10 hectares of the valley in Sprečko polje, near Gračanica, on 9 November 2021. The water level was .
Zenica-Doboj Canton
Local roads in Visoko were flooded which caused traffic obstructions. The Bosna flooded Kakanj, Povezice, Malješ and Doboj. Low-lying farmlands and residences were also flooded. From 6 until 11 November, the river waters had receded. Regular traffic resumed.
International response
— Croatia's Foreign and European Affairs Minister Gordan Grlić-Radman offered help in repairing the flood damage in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
See also
2014 Southeast Europe floods
References
External links
2021 floods in Europe
Floods
Natural disasters in Bosnia and Herzegovina
November 2021 events in Europe |
69242978 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%20South%20India%20floods | 2021 South India floods | The 2021 South India floods are a series of floods associated with Depression BOB 05 and a low pressure system that caused widespread disruption across the Indian states of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, and the nearby Sri Lanka. The rainfall started on 1 November in Tamil Nadu. The flooding was caused by extremely heavy downpours from BOB 05, killing at least 41 people across India and Sri Lanka.
Weather systems
On 6 November, the IMD noted the formation of a cyclonic circulation over southeastern Bay of Bengal near Sumatra. Two days later at 13:30 UTC (19:00 IST), the JTWC started tracking the same system as Invest 91B. On 9 November, under the influence of the cyclonic circulation, a low-pressure area formed over the same area. On the next day, it was upgraded to a well-marked low pressure area after the IMD noted the formation of a defined vortex in association with the system. At 15:00 UTC (21:30 IST), the IMD further upgraded it to a depression as its convective structure had improved significantly. By 19:30 UTC (01:00 IST), the JTWC issued a TCFA for system. At 09:00 UTC of 11 November, the JTWC declared it as a tropical cyclone and designated as 04B. According to the JTWC, this system had slightly higher wind speeds, since it peaked as a tropical storm with winds of . However, the system could not further intensify, due to land interaction as well as high wind shear produced by an upper tropospheric ridge. Between 12:00 and 13:00 UTC (17:30 and 18:30 IST), the system made landfall very close to Chennai at the same intensity, and by 00:00 UTC (05:30 IST) the next day the system weakened into a well-marked low pressure area. The JTWC issued its final advisory at 15:00 UTC of 11 November as it moved further inland into Tamil Nadu.
Effects
India
Several red alerts were issued for several areas in India, including Cuddalore, Sivaganga, Ramanathapuram, Karaikal, Tiruvallur, Chennai, Kanchipuram, Chengalpattu, Viluppuram, and Tiruvannamalai for 10 to 11 November. Over 11,000 were displaced in India due to BOB 05's rainfall impact.
Kerala
Although the cyclone didn't move across towards Kerala, it has brought heavy rainfall and delayed the withdrawal of the Northeast monsoon in the northern part of the state. Orange alert was issued in the northern districts of the state from November 12 to November 16.
Tamil Nadu
The state had its first bout of severe rainfall on 6 November, which the IMD attributed to a cyclonic circulation in the Bay of Bengal. This system would eventually strengthen into BOB 05. A meteorological station at the time recorded the maximum quantity of rain for the day, 23 centimetres (230 mm; 9.1 in). Rainfall totaled 21 centimetres (210 mm; 8.3 in) at both Nungambakkam and Ambattur. On 8 November, the former would reach its maximum total amount of 21.5 centimetres (215 mm; 8.5 in).Due to the floods, which were extended from 8–9 November, the state issued a school holiday. By 7 November, three people had died as a result of the disaster, and two more had gone missing. Flooding also caused traffic disruptions over Chennai, and flood warnings were issued for Vellore as the Mordhana river overflowed. Due to the continuing rains, a major reservoir in the state was also expected to reach its maximum capacity. On that day, 650 families in a residential area were also rescued. Meanwhile, relief and cleanup efforts for the state's displaced citizens have begun.
By 9 November, five people had died. Residents in north Chennai had to deal with knee-deep flooding, and some had already resorted to swimming pools and other available options to avoid getting wet. Central Chennai was the hardest hit in the city, as two canals and one river overflowed in the area, causing major flooding. Many people there lost their homes, and snakes were said to have been present in their homes. Flood warnings were in effect in the impacted areas, as residents expressed concern about cows wading through floodwaters throughout the storm. In addition, due to the continuing rain, Chennai has been placed on red alert. Reservoirs continued to pour water, and the Tamil Nadu Revenue and Disaster Management Minister announced that 538 huts and four houses had been damaged. School activities have also been canceled by the state administration until 9 November.
Due to the ongoing rain, seven more people have been added to the death toll, bringing the total to 12 on 10 November. In the Tiruchirappalli district, almost 200 acres (81 hectares) of rice fields were damaged and swamped by floodwaters, while road closures and traffic detours remained in Chennai. In addition to the metropolis, the IMD has issued a red alert for Viluppuram and Cuddalore, as heavy rain is expected to persist. A toddler was killed by a wall collapse in Thanjavur district, while an elderly woman perished from electrocution in Tiruchirapalli. As a result, the state's death toll has risen to 14. Flights across Chennai were also suspended or diverted to other airports.
On 11 November, the human death toll from the event remained at 16, with 157 cattle fatalities. The state police also rescued and considered dead an unconscious guy; nevertheless, he survived when he was taken to the hospital. In Chennai, around 444 residential areas were also flooded. Flood warnings were issued for the affected areas, particularly for those who live near the Arani River. BOB 05 dumped the most rain in the state, with 23 centimetres (230 mm; 9.1 in) falling in Tambaram and Chengalpattu on that day. The National Disaster Response Force teams also came in the former and Cuddalore to stabilize and aid the area's administrations for probable assistance, while southern Chennai lost power due to heavy rains on that day. As a precaution, railway services were suspended, and operations at the Madras High Court were restricted to skeletal forces. Reservoirs across the state are also seeing an uptick in water levels. In Tamil Nadu, relief operations were also deployed, and the state government formed a committee to examine the amount of crop damage as a result of the rains.
Areas in the state capital, Chennai, were waterlogged and government officials had to use pumps to drain communities who were stranded in waist-deep waters. The storm brought the highest single day rainfall total since 2015, when it received over 49.4 centimeters (494 mm; 19.4 in) on 1 December. On 11 November 2021, Chennai received 21 centimeters (210 mm; 8.2 in) of rain.
Andhra Pradesh
Authorities in Andhra Pradesh had to rescue stranded inhabitants in Kosasthalaiyar due to floods caused to the depression. Due to the same cause, a village was cut off from the main highways. Control centers were also established for districts around the state that could suffer excessive rainfall as a result of the system. Rainfall totaled at Sullurpeta, Nellore, and 14 centimetres (140 mm; 5.5 in) in Tada. At 21.6 centimetres (216 mm; 8.5 in), Chittoor received the most from the system. Due to the inclement weather, school activities were also canceled. National Disaster Response Force teams were also assigned to Nellore and Chitoor in the event of a rescue mission. The storm was said to have caused damage to the Tada-Srikalahasti route, leaving motorists stuck. Irrigation tanks were also breeched. Wind warnings were issued for ports around the country, and fishermen were urged not to travel into the impacted area of the Bay of Bengal between 11 and 12 November. Several trees were also destroyed, and there was a minor landslide.
Sri Lanka
Landslides injured five in the country, with flooding killing 25 people in the country.
See also
Weather of 2021
Tropical cyclones in 2021
2017 Bangladesh landslides
2015 South India floods
2021 North Indian Ocean cyclone season
References
External links
JTWC Best Track Data of Tropical Cyclone 04B (Four)
2021 disasters in India
2021 in Sri Lanka
2021 meteorology
2021 North Indian Ocean cyclone season
2021 floods in Asia
2020s in Andhra Pradesh
2020s in Tamil Nadu
Disasters in Andhra Pradesh
Disasters in Tamil Nadu
Floods in India
Floods in Sri Lanka
November 2021 events in Asia
November 2021 events in India
Tropical cyclones in India |
69282017 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%20Pacific%20Northwest%20floods | 2021 Pacific Northwest floods | The 2021 Pacific Northwest floods were a series of floods that affected British Columbia, Canada, and parts of neighboring Washington state in the United States. The flooding and numerous mass wasting events were caused by a Pineapple Express, a type of atmospheric river, which brought heavy rain to parts of southern British Columbia and northwestern United States. The natural disaster prompted a state of emergency for the province of British Columbia.
Of particular concern in southern British Columbia was the severe short-term and long-term disruption of the transportation corridor linking the coastal city of Vancouver, Canada's largest port, to the Fraser Valley, the rest of British Columbia and the rest of Canada. The Fraser Valley, which is heavily populated, is responsible for most of the agricultural production in the province, with limited ability to feed livestock in the absence of rail service. The Fraser Valley was particularly hard hit, as all major routes westward to Vancouver and eastward toward Alberta were impacted. Alternative routes into northern BC and southbound into Washington state are limited by the mountainous topography. The heavily used rail links of the Canadian National Railway (CN) and Canadian Pacific Railway (CP) were both disrupted, as well as all highways that connect the Lower Mainland with the rest of the province.
The British Columbia Minister of Public Safety, Mike Farnworth, issued a statement that the military deployment ended on December 17 after a month of aid. Conditions had improved enough for the reconstruction be managed by contractors, non-governmental organizations and a dedicated contingent from the region's wildland fire management service.
On December 10, the Insurance Bureau of Canada announced that the flooding cost at least $CDN 450 million in insured damage, making it the costliest natural disaster in British Columbia history. However, this amount did not include damage to infrastructure and other uninsured property. In particular, in the Sumas Prairie of the Abbotsford area, more than 600,000 farm animals perished in the floods. The reinsurer Aon issued a statement on December 17, 2021 claiming that the economic damage would amount to more than US$ 2 billion. According to the annual report of the NGO Christian Aid, issued December 26, the damages could amount up to US$ 7.5 billion.
Background
Several weather systems in early November contributed to record rainfall in southwestern British Columbia and the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. One of the systems produced a tornadic waterspout near Vancouver on November 6. Another system prompted two separate tornado warnings to be issued in Kitsap County, Washington, on November 9. Then the first deep low pressure system, which climatologists refer to as an atmospheric river, formed in the Pacific Ocean and moved into the coast on November 12. Two days later, a second atmospheric river following almost the same track moved into the coast. The U.S. National Weather Service issued flood warnings for Skagit and Whatcom counties, and high wind warnings for most of northwestern Washington. Three more atmospheric river events were scheduled to impact southern British Columbia and northwestern Washington state with the first arriving November 24, 2021 and the final event lasting through December 1, 2021.
Weather conditions
In Hope, British Columbia, of rain fell from November 14 to 15, nearing the two-day record of set from November 9 to 10, 1990. In total, 20 rainfall records were broken across British Columbia. Hope, Agassiz, Malahat, Lillooet, and Abbotsford set new daily rainfall records on November 14, while both Hope and North Vancouver exceeded their average rainfall levels for all of November in a span of two days
Bellingham, Washington, which normally receives a monthly average of of rain for November, saw a new record of of rain from November 14 to 15 and new record of nearly of rain over 3 consecutive days.
Impacts
The combined closures of sections of British Columbia Highway 1 (part of the Trans-Canada Highway), Highway 99, Highway 7, Highway 3, and the Coquihalla Highway (part of British Columbia Highway 5) had the effect of cutting off road traffic between Metro Vancouver and the rest of Canada. In response, the Canada Border Services Agency waived some border restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic so that Canadians could travel between Metro Vancouver and the rest of Canada through the United States.
Both the CNR and CPR rail lines were severed at multiple locations, with no rail connections between Kamloops and Vancouver. Via Rail passenger service on the Canadian, which uses CNR and CPR tracks, cancelled all trains travelling west of Winnipeg until December 12. The November 13 westbound train out of Toronto, already underway when the floods occurred, was halted at Winnipeg; passengers with final destinations west of Winnipeg were bussed or flown to their final destinations.
According to BC Hydro, at least 60,000 customers were left without electricity by the night of November 15 across B.C.
Squamish-Lillooet Regional District
On November 15, multiple mudslides occurred which washed out multiple sections of Duffey Lake Road located 42 kilometres south of Lillooet. Multiple cars were caught up in the resulting debris field. Initially, one person was recovered deceased and four people were missing. The whole section of Duffey Lake Road from Mount Currie to Lillooet was closed due to the multiple mudslides. Five days later, Duffey Lake Road was re-opened to restricted traffic as ongoing search and rescue efforts led to three more people recovered as deceased. On November 20, Highway 99 re-opened to essential traffic only as crews continued to clear debris.
British Columbia Interior
Sections of Highway 1 and the Coquihalla Highway near Hope were washed away, along with a parallel railroad.
On the Coquihalla Highway, many bridges partly or completely collapsed. Near Hope, an entire section of the westbound side of the highway was washed out by the overflowing Coquihalla River. On November 18, the Government of British Columbia estimated that repairs for the Coquihalla Highway between Hope and Merritt would take months and that temporary Bailey bridges would be procured.
On November 15, Highway 3 and Highway 99 were also closed due to flooding and mudslides.
A track washout caused the derailment of a Canadian National Railway-operated freight train 25 kilometers north of Hope, British Columbia. No injuries were reported.
Highway 8 between Spences Bridge and Merritt suffered the most damage, as multiple sections of the highway were completely washed out and destroyed by flooding in the Nicola River, also cutting off access to small farming and Indigenous communities along the highway.
On November 15, all 7,000 residents of Merritt were evacuated after the city's sewage treatment plant flooded and failed after the Coldwater River burst its banks. Evacuees were instructed to go to either Kamloops or Kelowna.
Also on November 15, the community of Princeton, British Columbia declared a local state of emergency after the Tulameen and Similkameen rivers burst their banks and caused localized flooding. Natural gas service was disrupted until November 19, when gas crews began putting in new gas lines and repair some old ones. Highway 3 was re-opened the same day but restricted to essential traffic to minimize impact to repair and construction efforts underway.
Low-cost carrier Swoop announced that it would be instating flights between Abbotsford International Airport and Kelowna International Airport to aid in recovery efforts. These flights were available from November 22 to December 15, 2021.
Fraser Valley
On the north side of the Fraser River near Agassiz, Highway 7 was closed due to multiple mudslides that trapped over 300 people. The victims were airlifted to safety by 3 search and rescue helicopters from CFB Comox after spending more than two nights trapped inside vehicles. Harbour Air offered special flights from Harrison Lake to Downtown Vancouver for evacuated residents who were unable to use Highway 7. Via Rail and Canadian National Railway operated an evacuation train from Hope to the Pacific Central Station in Vancouver. A section of Highway 7 between Agassiz and Hope reopened for limited westbound traffic on November 17.
Major regional public transit services in the area were negatively impacted by detours and closures of major thoroughfares. In the Central Fraser Valley, the 66 Fraser Valley Express which runs from Langley to Chilliwack via Highway 1 was shortened to run between Langley and Abbotsford due to the flooding of Highway 1. On December 1, West Coast Express commuter rail service was suspended between Mission City station and Maple Meadows station due to a mudslide on the CP tracks. In response, a replacement bus service was implemented to serve the affected stations during commuter rail operating hours.
Sumas Prairie
The Sumas Prairie had been created in the early 1920s by draining Sumas Lake, but on November 16, overflow from the Sumas and Nooksack rivers refilled the lake, forcing the evacuation of 1100 homes in Abbotsford. The Sumas Prairie area was placed under catastrophic flood warning by that evening, with a substantial loss of livestock, including cattle and chickens, predicted. The evacuation prompted the city of Abbotsford to open up an emergency evacuation centre located at the Abbotsford Recreation Centre.
On November 18, there remained a 100m long breach of the dikes by the Sumas River near the intersection of No. 4 Road and McDermott Road in Abbotsford. In order to stop the ongoing flooding of the Sumas Prairie, and enable repair of the affected sections of the dike, the original plan called for contracting crews and the Canadian military to construct a temporary 2.5 km long levee along Highway 1 near No. 4 Road. This levee construction would have resulted in the expropriation of 6 to 12 homes in the area. However, on the next day, an assessment of the Fraser River levels was made and it was discovered that the levels receded enough such that the levee construction and expropriation of homes was no longer necessary. Instead, the crews could now make direct repairs to the breaches in the dike without affecting any homes.
On November 28, the Nooksack River overtopped after recent rain events, forcing the evacuations of 90 homes in Huntingdon Village.
It is estimated that up to 630,000 animals died in the Sumas Prairie floods.
Metro Vancouver
In the city of Vancouver, the Burrard Bridge closed on November 15 after an unmoored barge threatened to collide with it. The bridge opened the following morning on November 16 after the barge grounded along the seawall. The barge later became a local attraction. Traffic in Richmond, British Columbia was heavily impacted by localized flooding such as on British Columbia Highway 99 near Westminster Highway, or Blundell Road. There was moderate damage in Richmond such as sink holes and destabilization of the dyke.
Despite strong winds, Vancouver International Airport reported only minor operational and traffic delays. Passengers travelling by air were advised to prepare for additional delays.
Vancouver Island
Major transportation routes were severely affected on Vancouver Island starting on November 15. British Columbia Highway 1—the only practical road connection over the Malahat summit—was closed on the morning of November 15 due to washouts and landslides. This cut road access from the provincial capital (Victoria, at the southern tip of the Island) northwards to the city of Duncan and onward to the rest of the Island.
On November 16, Highway 1 was re-opened to single lane alternating traffic during the day and closed each night to facilitate repairs During this time BC Ferries added additional sailings to the small-capacity route across Saanich Inlet including running sailings throughout the night of November 15. A single round trip cargo ferry service was also offered along the eastern coast of the Island between Duke Point and Swartz Bay on November 18.
In the days following the highway closure and amidst its restriction, the Victoria region experienced gasoline shortages. (Gasoline is normally routed from the Lower Mainland, across the Strait of Georgia, then south to the capital region). On November 18, the night time closure of highway 1 was eliminated and on November 19, three days ahead of schedule, Highway 1 was reopened to single lane traffic in both directions. Two days later, the temporary repair was widened to permit two-lane traffic. Full restoration of the highway was expected to take some time.
A sinkhole also opened up on Highway 19 a few kilometers north of Nanaimo, causing traffic to be redirected. It is unclear if this was a direct result of the extreme weather.
Washington state
In Washington state, more than 158,000 people were affected by power outages and disruptions to other services. A section of Interstate 5 was closed near Lake Samish south of Bellingham after being covered by a mudslide. The highway reopened on November 17 after the landslide was cleared. Flooding of the Nooksack River basin in Whatcom County forced the evacuation of hundreds of residents and the closure of local schools, the issuance of an evacuation order in parts of Ferndale near the Nooksack, and cutoff all road traffic into and out of Lummi Nation.
In the city of Sumas, on the south side of the Canadian border near Abbotsford, an estimated 85 percent of homes were damaged by flooding. A BNSF freight train with 12 cars derailed near Sumas on November 15 at the peak of the flooding.
Skagit and Clallam counties also experienced major flooding events. The Skagit River crested at , near a record of set in 1990, but was held back in Mount Vernon by a downtown flood barrier installed in 2016. The town of Hamilton was evacuated to shelters operated by the Red Cross on November 15. In Clallam County, the Makah Reservation and Clallam Bay were cut off by a series of landslides that blocked sections of State Route 112 and U.S. Route 101.
Flooding damaged the suspension bridge that provides access to the Grove of the Patriarchs in Mount Rainier National Park, forcing the park to close the grove until the bridge can be repaired or replaced.
Supply chain
As a result of the multiple highway and rail closures, shipments of raw materials and supplies arriving at the Port of Vancouver and agricultural production accounting for approximately 75% of Canada's grain exports leaving the port remained disrupted for a longer period of time, in addition to the disruption in shipments of fertilizer, coal and potash to the Port of Vancouver. The disruption to the shipment of goods into and out of the Port of Vancouver impacted businesses as far away as Winnipeg.
As of November 19, there were 40 vessels waiting near the Port of Vancouver to unload their cargo. However, the Port of Prince Rupert remained fully operational.
Another problem exacerbated by the flooding was that shipping lines were starting to return back to Asia with their empty containers due to a lack of land space to temporarily store the empty containers, resulting in additional delays for Canada's exporters.
Public concern over these extensive disruptions to the supply chain led to panic buying across the Lower Mainland and the Okanagan.
Casualties
At least five people were killed and ten others were hospitalized. Four deaths came as the result of a mudslide along Highway 99 around north of Vancouver, and just north of Pemberton. The first death was pronounced on November 16. On November 20, the bodies of three more people were recovered as deceased from the same mudslide One person is reported still missing; however, more people may be unaccounted for.
An indirect traffic-related death occurred during evacuations from Merritt, British Columbia, on November 18.
A man in Everson, Washington, was reported missing on November 15 after his truck was found after being swept away by floodwaters. A body was found two days later, but was not identified as the missing person.
Aftermath and response
At a news conference on November 16, B.C. Minister of Transportation and Infrastructure Rob Fleming called the storm "unprecedented" and that the weather event was "the worst weather storm in a century".
On November 17, an initial 120 Canadian Armed Forces soldiers from CFB Edmonton were deployed to aid in disaster response efforts in British Columbia. Over the next four days, a total of at least 500 troops were deployed to B.C., including 30 air personnel from CFB Valcartier who were deployed to Abbotsford, and at least 200 ground troops with 27 heavy equipment vehicles from CFB Edmonton who were deployed to Vernon.
In addition, a group representing First Nations called for the B.C. provincial government to enact a provincial state of emergency for the weather event in order to enable easier access to those who are affected. Later in the day, B.C. Premier John Horgan announced that a provincial state of emergency would be put in place and that travel restrictions would come into effect in order to protect the already‐crippled supply chain.
Additional restrictions in southwestern British Columbia to ration gasoline went into effect on November 19 due to widespread panic buying in the Metro Vancouver region. The restriction, expected to remain in effect until at least December 1, limited customers to a maximum of of gasoline per visit.
Washington Governor Jay Inslee issued a state of emergency on November 15 covering 14 counties in Western Washington.
Disaster relief
In response to the widespread damage and loss caused by the floods and mudslides, on November 17 GoFundMe setup a centralized hub for fundraisers for B.C. flooding victims. On November 18, the B.C. provincial government launched a disaster assistance program and five days later, announced that direct cash transfers to eligible evacuees would be added to program.
Also on November 18, a coalition of local organizations in Abbotsford established a disaster relief fund to assist in disaster relief efforts and local businesses impacted by these events. On November 19, a coalition of over 30 private and mostly local companies in Metro Vancouver led by Hootsuite partnered with the British Columbia and Yukon Red Cross to support disaster relief efforts. At the same time, some publicly traded corporations donated to various charitable organizations directly involved with the disaster relief efforts.
In Washington, Governor Jay Inslee asked for the impacted counties to conduct damage assessment as part of his bid for disaster relief assistance from the US federal government. Various charitable organizations backed by corporate donors emerged to help with disaster relief efforts.
See also
Weather of 2021
History of flooding in Canada, including the 1894, 1948, 1984 and 2003 floods in southwestern British Columbia.
October 2021 Northeast Pacific bomb cyclone
November 2021 Atlantic Canada floods
References
External links
After The Storm, a 2-part series on Discovery Canada on the floods of 2021
2021 meteorology
2021 in British Columbia
2021 in Washington (state)
2021 floods in North America
2021 floods in the United States
Natural disasters in British Columbia
Natural disasters in Washington (state)
November 2021 events in Canada
November 2021 events in the United States
Floods in Canada
Floods in the United States |
69352471 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November%202021%20Atlantic%20Canada%20floods | November 2021 Atlantic Canada floods | The November 2021 Atlantic Canada floods are a series of floods that affected Atlantic Canada, along with eastern areas of Quebec. The floods, similar to those that occurred in the Pacific Northwest a few days prior, were caused by an atmospheric river. Due to the intensity of the rainfall, a state of emergency was declared in Inverness and Victoria counties in Cape Breton Island. Additionally, the intensity of the rainfall resulted in part of the Trans Canada Highway being closed just north of Port-aux-Basques in Newfoundland.
Background
The first warning of a possible storm was issued by Environment and Climate Change Canada on November 19, when a special weather statement was issued for all of Atlantic Canada, warning of the potential of long-duration rainfall and high winds. By November 22, rainfall and wind warnings covered much of Atlantic Canada. Rain associated with the system began in northern New Brunswick early on November 22. The front moved through the rest of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia through the day, before stalling out over Cape Breton Island and western Newfoundland between November 24 and 25. The reason for the system's slow movement can be attributed to an omega block over the north Atlantic.
Impacts
Cape Breton Island
A number of extreme rainfall totals were recorded across Cape Breton Island, with an unofficial maximum of 278.4 millimeters falling in Ingonish River, 263 millimeters in Ingonish Beach, and 220 millimeters in Baddeck. In addition, Ingonish Beach set an all-time daily rainfall record of 234 mm, nearly double the old rainfall record of 148.3 mm. The extreme rainfall caused parts of the Cabot Trail to be washed out, with the damage expected to take 'days or weeks' to repair.
Newfoundland
Western Newfoundland was hit the hardest by the rain. As of the morning of November 22nd, 128 mm of rain had fallen, resulting in the washout of three sections of the Trans-Canada Highway, along with Route 406–11, 413–01, and a couple of local roads, with another 50-80 millimeters of rain expected to fall throughout the rest of the day.
Mainland Nova Scotia
In mainland Nova Scotia, damage was mostly localized to the eastern part of the province. From Halifax eastwards, winds gusting in excess of 100 km/h prompted a number of power outages. At the peak of the storm, several thousand people were left without power. However, the worst damage occurred in the Antigonish area, where 102 mm of rain prompted severe flooding. Thirty-three people had to be rescued by boat from a trailer park when it was flooded by 1.5 meters of water. The heavy rain also washed out a culvert on Route 245, resulting in the road being closed for several days. The flooding was exacerbated by the heavy rain coinciding with a spring high tide, making it difficult for the water from the West River, Wrights River and Brierly Brook to leave Antigonish Harbour.
Rest of Atlantic Canada
Although rainfall totals in the rest of Atlantic Canada were not as extreme as those seen in Nova Scotia or Newfoundland, both New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island experienced significant rainfall. Widespread totals of 50-75 mm were recorded across Prince Edward Island, peaking at 99.6 mm in Borden.
Aftermath
As a result of the severe damage caused by this atmospheric river, along with the one in British Columbia a few days prior, Environment and Climate Change Canada announced the unveiling of a new impact scale for atmospheric rivers. This scale is expected to roll out in January 2022, and will categorize future atmospheric rivers on a scale from 1 to 5 based on impact, similar to the scale currently in use in the United States.
See also
Weather of 2021
November 2021 Pacific Northwest floods
References
November 2021 events in Canada
Floods in Canada
Natural disasters in Canada
Natural disasters in Nova Scotia
Natural disasters in Newfoundland and Labrador |
69356688 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017%20Zadar%20flash%20flood | 2017 Zadar flash flood | On 11 September 2017, the Croatian city of Zadar and the surrounding area were affected by a mesoscale convective system producing extreme rainfall, which caused a flash flood. Around of rain, threefold the monthly average for September, was recorded during 24 hours on 10–11 September. Nearly fell in the space of two hours in the morning of 11 September. Outside Zadar, flooding occurred in Sali and Sukošan. The town of Nin was the worst hit, as the floodwaters overwhelmed its embankment, and a state of emergency was declared there. There were no fatalities. The flood caused an estimated 322 million Croatian kuna in damage (€43 million). Numerous houses, apartments and institutions were damaged, including Zadar cemetery, hospitals, roads and a shopping mall. The torrent damaged the frame of an apartment complex in construction. The roads Zadar–Ražanac and Poljica-Brig – Nin were washed out. Zadar's water treatment plant suffered 10 million kuna in damage, while the cost to repair roads was estimated to be over 4 million kuna. The salt ponds in Nin lost the year's salt harvest to the flood.
The rainfall and flooding was caused by the terrain surrounding the city. Zadar, a coastal city, lies in the flat region of Ravni Kotari. However, the Velebit mountain range extends along the coast behind Ravni Kotari, and caused the storms arriving from Tyrrhenian Sea in the west to undergo orographic lift and continually produce rain while passing over Zadar. The mesoscale convective system responsible for the flood spanned over east–west, and reached a temperature of at the cloud tops. Over 25,000 lightning strikes were recorded near Zadar. of rain fell in Zadar proper, while was recorded in nearby Zemunik. While the rainfall amount was extremely high, it did not break Zemunik's daily record of , which was set during the flood of 11 September 1986.
On 11 September 2017, Zadar was pronounced to have recorded the most rainfall of all meteorological stations on earth for this date, beating out rainfall totals caused by Hurricane Irma in Florida, while Gospić was placed 8th. However, the data was later corrected to include a higher total for Alabat Island, Philippines, due to Tropical Storm Maring.
References
Further reading
Photos of the flood at MeteoAdriatic.net
Floods in Croatia
2010s floods in Europe
2017 floods
Zadar flash flood
History of Zadar
Zadar flash flood
Weather events in Croatia
2017 meteorology
2017 disasters in Croatia |
69429318 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floods%20in%20Greymouth | Floods in Greymouth | The town of Greymouth, at the mouth of the Grey River on New Zealand's West Coast, has been regularly flooded since its founding. Many floods were assigned names, such as: The Great Flood (1872); The Jubilee Flood (1887); The Big Flood (1905); The Biggest Since 1887 (1936); The Biggest Since 1936 (1977); The Big One (May 1988); and The Biggest (September 1988). A flood protection wall was completed in 1990, and the town has not since experienced flooding from the river.
Historic floods
The Great Flood (1872)
This flood occurred on 9 February 1872 after a week of heavy rain combined with heavy seas along the coast. The high sea exacerbated the situation as the flood waters were prevented from draining away and consequently backed up. Richmond Quay was the most affected area; whole blocks of offices, shops and other structures were washed out to sea. Dozens of houses were lifted off their piles and floated down the river, their kerosene lamps still burning. As soon as they crossed the Bar however, the lights were extinguished and the houses broken into matchwood by the sea. One life was lost, the youngest son of William Dale was drowned. The flood did a great deal of damage and extended over a wide area. Luckily the Prime Minister, Sir William Fox, was visiting Westport on the night of the flood. He travelled to Greymouth the next day and made an inspection, ordering the building of a protective wall which was completed in 1885 at a cost of five thousand pounds.
The Jubilee Flood (1887)
Wednesday 6 July 1887 witnessed the worst flooding in Greymouth since the great flood of 1872 with water reaching two feet higher. Water invaded many homes with hundreds made homeless, needing to seek refuge in churches and in the State School. Flood waters overflowed the wharf and 9.00am, peaked at noon, and receded by dusk. Every business and house along Māwhera Quay was flooded to a depth of at least 1 metre and boats were needed to rescue people between 3.00am and 10.00am. At its peak the river nearly touched the base of the Cobden Bridge; the water level in the mid-channel area was reported to be about 1 metre higher than at the banks.
The Big Flood (1905)
At 4am on Saturday 24 June 1905 the firebell sounded the alarm bringing businessmen rushing to their premises to lift goods from floor level. Many people had kept watch on the Friday night but although there was a howling gale and heavy rain, the river did not give the indications of the forthcoming heavy flood. It rose rapidly however in the following two hours and was lapping the wharf at 5am. All the main streets of the town were flooded with the current in Māwhera Quay a raging torrent.
In the twenty-four hours between 9am on Friday to 9am on Saturday of rain fell at Greymouth, even more in the country areas. At Bealey were recorded. In spite of the falling tide, the river continued to rise and from 11am to 2pm it was at its height.
The borough engineer, Mr E. I. Lord, took a desperate step to relieve the pressure of water backing up into the town area. At about 10am he sent a gang of workmen to the Blaketown area. Near the site of the old powder magazine, a channel was cut between the lagoon and the sea and helped prevent even worse damage to the town.
The work of rescuing was accomplished with boats and vehicles with great difficulty getting some families out of their flood-surrounded homes. The whole of the Greymouth business area was under water. In the quay below Tainui Street and in Mackay Street, Hospital (now Guinness Street), Boundary and Albert Streets and Richmond Quay, dangerously deep streams were rushing down, tearing the thoroughfare up in all directions. The water was rushing over the top of the wharf and tearing away the embankments, undermining and destroying the railway tracks along Māwhera Quay.
The Brian Boru, Albion, Club, Caledonian, Commercial, Imperial, Oriental and Criterion Hotels all faced the full force of the rushing water as it poured over the wharf. The Imperial Hotel had a concrete cellar and as there was no means of getting rid of the water, one of the fire brigade's manual pumps was brought in on Monday morning.
Though the ships in port had a trying time at the height of the flood, no damage was reported. One large snag was caught in the wharf between the hydraulic cranes but this was removed on Monday afternoon. The Greymouth Bar which had been shallow for a number of weeks, had 24 feet of water with a straight channel to sea. In consequence, shipping movements were unhampered, vessels taking away full cargoes.
At Coal Creek several settlers lost nearly all their stock while several of them, with their families, were perched on the tops of buildings until mid-day on Saturday before being rescued. Further up the Grey Valley, settlers were heavy losers, large numbers of cattle, sheep and horses being drowned.
Railway traffic was completely suspended with a number of wash-outs on the Greymouth-Reefton and Greymouth-Otira lines. There was one wash-out on the Greymouth-Hokitika line but traffic on this section resume on the Saturday afternoon.
The water began to recede about 4pm and by 10pm the main thoroughfares in the town were clear. Huge holes had been torn in the main streets and the estimated cost of repairs was 500 pounds. The flood proved disastrous for the district as the completion of the railway was postponed indefinitely. An embankment in the form of a wing dam, a distance of 10 or 12 chains and almost a year's work, was completely levelled. The damage here was estimated at 2,000 pounds.
Biggest Since 1887 (1936)
What was described as a once in 50 year flood, Greymouth felt the effects of 55 mm of rain over a 36 hour period, 35 mm of which fell in six hours causing the Grey River to breach its banks on Saturday, 10 October 1936. The rising floodwaters, backed up by the tide, forced gaping holes in the railway ballast and protection works at the lower end of the town. Within a comparatively short time the waters had reached as far as the railway line, extending from Tainui Street to Karoro. For over five hours the raging river continued to overflow. With the fall of the tide shortly after 9 o'clock, the situation eased and the waters started receding until noon when little water remained on the streets in the business area.
There were no deaths but many narrow escapes were recorded, rescue work being done by many who secured rowboats.
When the waters cleared, a thick layer of silt covered the inundated areas. Great as was the loss in Greymouth, it was a fraction of the enormous damage in the Grey Valley. Thousands of pounds worth of stock was swept down the Grey River and its tributaries, some farmers losing hundreds of pounds worth.
At its height in this flood, the Grey River was running at . Older residents, who retained marks on the walls of their homes, indicated that the waters were higher than in 1913.
Biggest Since 1936 (1977)
On Tuesday, 18 January 1977 the Grey River burst its banks at 1.30am sending a torrent of water through the main business area. A state of civil emergency was declared by the district civil defence controller, Mayor O. H. Jackson at 3.30am. The flooding was described as the worst in Greymouth since the big flood in March 1936.
The burst bank occurred almost opposite the Tainui Street – Māwhera Quay corner, flooding dozens of shops, hotels and other businesses. Blaketown, Cobden and the Arney-Leonard Street area bore the brunt of the damage to homes and about 40 people had to be evacuated. Flood water was five feet deep in some houses. Mayor Jackson closed the town centre to sightseers although some businesses re-opened by mid-afternoon.
The state of emergency was in place until 4pm on Saturday 22 January to allow the town centre to be cleared of silt. Mr Jackson saw this flood proved the need for a flood protection wall.
The Big One (May 1988)
In 1988 flooding occurred in May and September. The May event brought flooding to the entire West Coast, particularly the Greymouth area. On the morning of 19 May, warnings were broadcast that up to 150mm of rain was expected in the Greymouth area, and with heavy rain already falling in the back country, this posed a serious threat of flooding. By 5pm the rivers up country were running approximately a foot higher than the level of the November 1984 flood. It was predicted the Grey River would come over the wharf at 10pm. At 8.30pm it was decided to close the town from the railway crossings at Herbert, Tarapuhi, Albert and Tainui Streets and Māwhera Quay. By 9pm the lagoons were overflowing and water entering houses and businesses in Blaketown and the lower town areas. Water was pouring through the Richmond Hotel at 9.20pm. The river was running at 14.5 knots against a heavy sea.
A Civil Defence Emergency was declared for the Greymouth Borough on 20 May, and roads and properties suffered damage. Four hundred people had to be evacuated with 102 houses affected and 2 being condemned.
The Biggest One (September 1988)
On Monday 12 September 1988 farmers were warned to move stock to high ground. The Meteorological Service advised that up to 250mm of rain would fall in the region over a 36 hour period. By mid afternoon, all rivers and creeks in the Grey catchment rose rapidly over the next few hours. By 8.30am on Tuesday 13 September the river was spilling its banks at Richmond Quay, the Blaketown lagoons were overflowing and water was starting to enter houses. Heavy seas combined with a high tide left no doubt the flooding would be disastrous. When the river peaked about 3.35pm it was overflowing its banks from the Cobden Bridge to the Railways goods shed in Gresson Street to a depth of one metre. The Greymouth aerodrome runways were under more than a metre of water and the basement of the Greymouth Hospital was flooded. The whole town was a lake. Over 300 people had to be evacuated, many by jet boat from Blaketown, Kaiata and Coal Creek.
A state of regional civil emergency was declared. The flooding caused two massive landslips, one of which claimed the life of Rewanui mine site caretaker, Keith Butler, as it swept away the old bath house there. Overall damage was extensive: there were broken stormwater, sewerage and high pressure service lines, smashed shop windows and goods scattered throughout the town which was inches deep in silt, much of it contaminated with oil and sewage. For several days the town was under curfew to allow the cleanup to proceed.
Flood protection
After the floods of 1988, the mayor of Greymouth, Barry Dallas, embarked on an ambitious project to build a flood protection wall. The wall was completed in September 1990 at an overall cost of NZ$4m: 80% from the New Zealand government and 20% from Grey District Council. Since its completion, river flooding has not affected the town again. To commemorate the work of the hundreds of locals who helped sandbag, fruitlessly, against the 1988 floods, and who assisted in the cleanup afterwards, the town erected a statue of a fisherman on the new flood wall. Cast in concrete by local sculptor Stephan Newby, a plaque at its base has the dedication "To those who help others".
References
Flood control in New Zealand
Greymouth
Greymouth
History of the West Coast, New Zealand |
69531679 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great%20Iran%20Flood | Great Iran Flood | The Great Iran Flood was a catastrophic flood event that took place on 17 August 1954 in Iran. It is one of the deadliest floods in history, with claims of from 2,000 to 10,000 fatalities. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ranked it one of the top global weather events of the 20th century.
Deaths
At first, The New York Times, an American newspaper based in New York City, reported that 2,000 persons were presumed dead. Some later sources claim that as many as 10,000 died as a result of the flood. Most sources from the era, however, place the number of victims at around 2,000.
External links
1954 in Iran
Natural disasters in Iran
1950s floods
20th-century floods in Asia
1954 natural disasters
1954 disasters in Asia |
69555762 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%E2%80%932022%20Malaysian%20floods | 2021–2022 Malaysian floods | On 16 December 2021, a tropical depression made landfall on the eastern coast of Peninsular Malaysia, bringing torrential downpours throughout the peninsula for three days. The resulting floods affected eight states across the peninsula, and left at least 54 dead and 2 missing. During its furthest extent, it caused the concurrent displacement of more than 71,000 residents, and have affected over 125,000 people overall.
Declared by government officials as a "once in a century" disaster, it is the worst flood in the country in terms of displaced residents since the 2014–2015 Malaysia floods. It has also been historically compared with the 1971 Kuala Lumpur floods. It is the deadliest tropical cyclone-related disaster to hit Malaysia since Tropical Storm Greg of 1996, which killed 238 people and left 102 more missing.
Record-high precipitations were measured at weather stations at Selangor and Kuala Lumpur. Widespread damages were reported in the states of Selangor and Pahang, especially the district of Hulu Langat and the city of Shah Alam. The Malaysian government has suffered criticism over its delayed response and apathy towards the disaster. Scientists, climate activists, and the media have largely made connections of this disaster as an example of extreme weather attributed to climate change.
Weather events
On 14 December 2021, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) upgraded a westward-moving low-pressure area to a tropical depression. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) began monitoring the system by the next day, noting the presence of a consolidated low-level circulation within the system. The system's chances of developing into a tropical cyclone slowly increased, and on 16 December at 17:30 UTC, the JTWC issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA) for the system despite the outflow of Typhoon Rai partially exposing the system's low-level circulation. By 21:00 UTC, the JTWC upgraded the system to a tropical depression, assigning it the designation 29W as it continued over marginally favorable developmental conditions. Shortly after, at 23:00 UTC, the depression made landfall north of the city of Kuantan in the state of Pahang, and began to weaken afterwards, prompting the JTWC to issue its final advisory on the system by the next day. The JMA stopped monitoring the system on 17 December at 12:00 UTC.
Preparations
Prior to the floods, the Kelantan Welfare Department prepared RM1.3 million (US$309,500) for relief efforts. The National Disaster Command Centre (NDCC or NADMA) had planned 5,731 temporary shelters (known locally by its Malay abbreviation, PPS) that could accommodate over 1.6 million victims across the nation for emergency purposes.
On 16 December, the Malaysian Meteorological Department (MMA or MetMalaysia) issued an orange alert for all districts of Kelantan and Terengganu and yellow alerts for Pahang, Perak, Kedah and Penang until 17 December. On the same day, flood warnings were issued by the National Flood Forecasting and Warning Centre (PRABN) to two districts at Kelantan (Kuala Krai District and Jeli District). The NDCC advised on the activation of state- and district-level disaster management committees following the alert. MetMalaysia subsequently issued an amber alert for persisted rainfalls across the Klang Valley. This alert was later raised to a red alert (the maximum level), and was expanded to neighbouring states, including Pahang. The Klang Gates Dam released 25 per cent of its reservoir in stages after water levels exceeded acceptable ranges. By 18 December, flood operation centres were activated in all districts of Kelantan. Later that night, Tuan Ibrahim, the Minister of Environment and Water, released an emergency statement requesting immediate preparations at Kuala Lumpur from floods after the breaching of four main rivers across the city. The SMART Tunnel was activated amidst the increasing precipitation, and achieved record-high diversion volumes of approximately five-million cubic meters of flood water.
Staff and displaced residents of relief centres were regularly screened for COVID-19 to prevent outbreaks from occurring.
Impact
Tropical Depression 29W's crossing of central Malaysia brought long periods of sustained downpours. Several meteorological records were broken during the process. A weather station at Sentul recorded a peak daily rainfall of , equivalent to a month's worth of rainfall at the region. It was followed by measurements of at Sungai Bonus Tun Abdul Razak, at Jinjang, and at Gombak. Amirudin Shari, the Menteri Besar of Selangor, was notified by the Selangor Department of Irrigation and Drainage that the state had received of rainfall. Previously, the state's highest rainfall measurements were at .
During its furthest extent, 71,000 people from eight states were evacuated to emergency shelters. The NDCC announced a refined figure of 69,134 people displaced on 21 December. On 23 December, Inspector-General of Police Acryl Sani Abdullah Sani announced the displacement figures at 68,341 people.
Some portions of the Federal Highway, New Klang Valley Expressway (NKVE), and the Karak Highway were exposed to landslides and flooding, which made them entirely impassable. At the Karak Highway, 450 motorists were stranded for two days before they were rescued. 226 people were rescued from the NKVE. The Kemuning-Shah Alam Highway (LKSA), which faced minor flooding, was closed for two days. NDCC estimated that 224 roads (126 state, 98 federal) were disrupted by circumstances related to the floods. 333 electrical substations from six states were closed down for safety reasons, leading to power cuts.
At least 181 COVID-19 cases were detected among evacuees. Health Minister Khairy Jamaluddin warned on 20 December that the disaster could lead to an increase in infections in the country.
Kelantan
Kelantan was among the first states to receive heavy rainfall from Tropical Depression 29W. Five rivers in Kelantan recorded rises in water levels on 16 December, of which three achieved dangerous levels for the next two days. On 17 December, multiple districts of Kelantan were flooded, leading to the evacuation of 548 inhabitants from four districts, housed in eight temporary shelters. Two patients infected with COVID-19 had to be evacuated to Gua Musang Hospital to prevent the spread of infection among other evacuees.
By 18 December, the floods reached Pasir Mas. The first death was reported that day, after the body of a factory operator—who had fallen off a motorcycle while riding through a flooded road—was discovered at 2:22 pm near a Chinese cemetery at Gambang. The number of evacuated victims rose to 1,084, with 17 shelters set up statewide in five districts. Police have been deployed to the Sultan's Pier at Kota Bharu "to prevent crowds from going there to watch the rising river". The displaced victims peaked at 2,632 later that day, but has dropped constantly since then. The figure dropped during the subsequent week to within a thousand people, and by 24 December, the figure was 974 in five different temporary shelters.
The Menteri Besar of Kelantan, Ahmad Yakob, drew comparisons between these floods in his state and the 2014-15 floods, which faced similar issues.
Terengganu
Minor flooding prior to the landfall of 29W on 3 December left 140 people displaced at Setiu and Besut for several days.
On 16 December, when 29W crossed Kelantan, two rivers were reported to have exceeded their respective danger levels (Dungun River and Tebak River). The first temporary shelter was opened at an elementary school at Setiu. It was followed by another temporary shelter at the town hall of Dungun. There were 21 displaced victims. By 18 December, the figure rose slightly to 63, and peaked at 285 by the end of the day. However, as the extent of the floods at the state were minor, only 9 evacuees remained three days later. The last temporary shelter, at Kemaman, was closed on 21 December.
On 30 December, continuous rainfall was again observed in the state. At 4 pm, Dungun became the first to receive flooding, when 69 people were evacuated to a temporary shelter at the district. By late night, the Terengganu state Disaster Management Secretariat was informed that major rivers at Besut, Dungun, and Hulu Terengganu had breached their respective danger levels. By 31 December, the number of evacuees rose to 388. They were housed in two temporary shelters at Dungun.
Selangor and Kuala Lumpur
Selangor and Kuala Lumpur suffered the most rainfall throughout the event. MetMalaysia issued the severest alert for 8 districts at the state for continuous rainfall since 17 December for 4 days. However, floods had already been present at Sepang, Hulu Langat and Klang a day before the warning was issued. 16 rivers had breached the danger level by then. On 18 December, 3,086 victims were displaced in 30 temporary shelters, the majority being at Klang. An extra 11 shelters were set up later that day. 93 water pumps were deployed to remove the floodwaters at the scene, while 134 floodgates were closed to prevent overflows from high tides. Residents of Kajang and Salak Tinggi were advised to evacuate. The main electrical substation at Glenmarie exploded during the night, causing a blackout across some parts of Shah Alam. Two water treatment plants were shut down from the floods, leading to water cuts at 472 areas across Klang Valley. Another plant was forced to limit water outputs due to water quality issues. Water supply trucks could not reach the affected regions as most roads were closed down or cut off from the floods. The Shah Alam City Council (MBSA) published an announcement on the evening refraining people from entering Shah Alam and Klang. At Kuala Lumpur, large tracts of Dataran Merdeka, Jalan Masjid India and Kampung Kasipillay were flooded. Flood waters between the main roads connecting the town of Meru and Bukit Raja were measured with a depth of . Dozens of residents, who failed to return to their homes in time, were forced to sleep in their cars.
The number of flood victims doubled overnight. On 19 December, 6,242 victims were displaced. In a tweet, the Menteri Besar of Selangor welcomed boat owners to assist in relief efforts, which were coordinated by the state government via the Smart Selangor Operations Centre (SSOC). The severity of the situation has caused the state government to approach the Prime Minister, Ismail Sabri Yaakob, and Minister of Defence, Hishamuddin Hussein, for federal intervention and assistance on the evacuation and humanitarian aid for flood victims. The federal government, although not expecting the situation at Selangor, mobilised federal resources shortly after. Tenaga Nasional, the only electric utility company in Malaysia, announced power disruptions at 82 areas at Klang. The number of displaced victims surpassed 15,000 during the day. The number of temporary shelters meanwhile had increased to 108. The first death at the state was reported the same day, when a body was discovered way from an apartment at Section 22 of Shah Alam. Videos and images of the discovery went viral across social media networks.
Flood waters began to recede on 20 December. At 4 am, the Selangor State Contingent Police Headquarters announced that 73 roads were closed in the state. The number of displaced victims increased to 32,044 in 162 temporary shelters, the peak figure of the state. Three COVID-19 assessment centres (CAC) in Petaling and Hulu Langat was closed due to the floods. The Kuala Lumpur City Hall (DBKL) had identified at least 40 different locations that were cleared of fallen trees. At 8 am on 21 December, there were 30,632 displaced victims, and by 4.30 pm, the figure had dropped to 26,647. Fifteen people were confirmed to have died from the flood. The death toll rose to 24 the next day. An anonymous source had reported to Free Malaysia Today that members of the Armed Forces had involved themselves in rescue efforts without any orders from the NDCC, and that the Selangor state government were reluctant to call for help from the Armed Forces in rescue operations. The reports have since been denied by the state government.
An apartment in Shah Alam was declared unsafe after concerns over the structural integrity of the complex following the floods. Residents were evacuated to relief shelters in accordance with the local authorities.
Taman Sri Muda (Shah Alam)
The township of Taman Sri Muda, located at Shah Alam, recorded 14 deaths. The township was entirely flooded and suffered catastrophic damage. 16 pumps were used to expedite the pumping process at Sri Muda.
There was a lack of food for two days at the township, leading to looting at several inundated convenience stores and supermarkets during the afternoon of 20 December. Baharudin Mat Taib, Assistant Commissioner of the Shah Alam police chief, confirmed the reports. 31 looters were arrested during a break-in. Eight police teams were deployed on 23 December at the area to prevent further break-ins. The managing director of Mydin, Ameer Ali Mydin, whose stores were involved among the looting, released a statement forgiving all victims who looted his store "out of desperation and hunger".
Pahang
Floods in Pahang were initially reported in three villages at Kuantan during the late hours of 16 December, although the extent was minor. Floodwaters at the villages receded the following morning. However, Maran and Raub suffered floods the same day after 48 hours of continuous rain, and by 8 pm almost 200 people were evacuated. In Jerantut, three temporary shelters were created when 128 people were evacuated. Roads linking to Kuala Tembeling, Felda Padang Piol, and several other villages were entirely cut off where floodwaters were measured to be deep.
On 19 December, flooding was present in seven districts with 5,189 displaced victims in 116 temporary shelters. 19 rivers had exceeded their danger levels. By 22 December, 38,086 people were displaced. Storm surges were reported in the state.
Pahang reported its first death on 17 December, when a factory operator drowned near a Chinese cemetery at Gambang.
Bentong mudslide
During the late-night of 18 December, a mudslide at Bentong destroyed a series of chalets. Ten were swept away by the strong currents, and five were killed during the incident.
Malacca
Heavy rain had persisted over Alor Gajah, Melaka Tengah and Jasin since 17 December. The first temporary shelter was opened the following day when 40 people were evacuated amidst floods across several villages. The rising water levels at Rembau River caused the collapse of the riverbanks near the Berembang River, resulting in floods at Lubok Cina that were deep. It was reported to be the worst floods to hit the region in 50 years. At Kuala Linggi, the local tilapia farming industry, situated near the Linggi River, was severely damaged when over 70,000 tilapia newborns were killed as a result of contamination from floodwaters. There were 465 displaced victims on 21 December. On 23 December, the figure dropped to only 136, and 26 on 27 December. Difficulties in pumping flood waters from affection areas persisted due to high water levels still present in nearby rivers.
Floods in Malacca remained unimproved since 26 December and worsened from the 31st. By 1 January, the number of displaced rose from 96 to 507 in a single day. Eight temporary shelters were set up for the 500 victims. The number surpassed 1,000 on 2 January. The Malacca Drainage and Irrigation Department had reported rainfall levels of on 1 January at the Malacca River, causing overflows during high tides. This caused the flooding of Morten Village, a popular historical tourist attraction in the city. By 3 January, the floods had expanded to 32 areas in the state. The number of evacuees had risen to 2,537.
The federal government had channeled RM400,000 (US$95,900) of aid through the NDCC which were distributed by the Malacca state government to 390 households as compassionate aids (known locally as BWI) on 29 December.
Negeri Sembilan
Negeri Sembilan was hit by floods on 18 December. 274 people were evacuated from 29 different areas in the initial displacement. They were sheltered at five relief centres. A government clinic at Jelebu could not operate due to floods. The NDCC accounted 68 severely damaged telecommunications towers throughout the state. Operations in two water treatment plants in Seremban and Jelebu were paralysed after receiving structural damages. The Negeri Sembilan State Forestry Department had closed down all recreational forests temporarily on 20 December. Landslides were reported in several areas, notably at Kampung Amar Penghulu and Taman Eko Rimba Jeram Toi. According to Maryani Chembeng, the village chief of Kampung Amar Penghulu, it was the worst flood the village had encountered since 1971.
The amount of displaced victims increased to 765 people on 21 December in eight temporary shelters. The number of victims had risen to 787 people on 24 December. The number of displaced people dropped to 82 (27 December) and 43 (28 December). Heavy continuous rains resumed over the state between 31 December to 1 January, which had drastically worsened the flooding. On 1 January, the amount of displaced victims stood at 1,363 people. The number of evacuees rose to 1,767 on 2 January.
The Negeri Sembilan Solid Waste Management and Public Cleansing Corporation (SWCorp) collected over 1,151 tonnes of waste over a period of 8 days. The Negeri Sembilan state government had allocated RM39.6 million (US$9.46 million) to repair local infrastructure.
Sabah
Many parts of Sabah started evacuations as rain continued to pour in areas such as Kudat. The number of evacuees increased to approximately 1,161 people (from Kota Marudu, Kudat, Paitan, Beluran, Telupid and Sandakan)
According to the report, Kota Belud, Tuaran and Telupid was hit by scattered rainfall.
Responses
Domestic
– The Malaysian government directed 66,015 personnel from the Royal Malaysia Police (RMP or PDRM), Malaysian Armed Forces (MAF or ATM), Fire and Rescue Department of Malaysia (JBPA), Malaysia Civil Defence Force (MCDF or APM), Malaysian Public Works Department (JKR), Department of Social Welfare (JKM) and state agencies to aid the rescue efforts in the affected regions. Five hundred volunteers from the Skuad Keluarga Malaysia (SKM) programme were involved in duties related to temporary shelters. 453 vehicles staffed by 2,817 service members from seven agencies were deployed to aid the rescue effort. A special task force has since been formed by the government to tackle issues post-flooding and to prepare for a second wave of floods. Utility companies have announced rebates and discounts to assist those affected by the floods. Examples include Tenaga Nasional Berhad's 100-per cent rebate, repairs by car companies, and an increase in aid for the repair of houses. On 6 January 2022, the Penang state government announced the formation of its natural disaster management unit.
International
– On 21 December 2021, the Singapore Red Cross Society (SRC) pledged humanitarian aid of US$50,000 each for the Malaysian Red Crescent Society (MRCS) and the Philippine Red Cross (PRC) in response to the floods in Malaysia and the aftermath of Typhoon Rai at the Philippines. A day later, the Singaporean government announced their decision to contribute a further US$60,000 to support the SRC's public fundraiser, supplementing their donation of US$50,000 to a total of US$90,000.
- The Ministry of Foreign Affairs expressed its condolences to the victims of the disaster in a statement on 22 December 2021. The Emirates government and the Emirates Red Crescent (ERC) co-directed operations to send humanitarian aid in the form of food and medical supplies to Malaysia, and sent a team of volunteers to review the situation.
- The Iranian Red Crescent Society (IRCS) offered search and rescue teams and other assistance towards the relief efforts for the recent floods. In a letter to the MRCS on 24 December 2021, the President of the IRCS, Dr. Pir Hossein Kolivand conveyed his condolences towards the victims affected by the disaster.
- Hassanal Bolkiah, the sultan of Brunei, expressed his condolences on 24 December 2021 to the Malaysian government and the Malaysian people over the floods at the region. He also made similar messages to the Philippine government over the destruction caused by Typhoon Rai in the country.
- Minister of Defence, Hishamuddin Hussein, has revealed on 26 December 2021 that Turki bin Faisal Al Saud, a Saudi Arabian cabinet minister, has expressed intentions from the Saudi Arabian government to contribute to the relief efforts at Malaysia.
- In a statement, the American embassy in Malaysia has announced on 30 December 2021 that they have pledged US$100,000 to the MRCS.
- In a letter to Abdullah of Pahang and Ismail Sabri on 31 December 2021, Egyptian president Abdel-Fattah al-Sisi has expressed his condolences towards the families and victims in the floods.
Non-governmental organisations
Apple Inc. – Tim Cook, the CEO of Apple Inc., announced the company intends to contribute to the disaster relief efforts at the Philippines and Malaysia, although the details of the contribution are not specified.
Criticism of the government
The Malaysian government was criticised over its lack of immediate response towards relief efforts. There were complaints on social media that the authorities were slow in providing aid, with many victims relying on volunteers for food and basic necessities. Puan Sri Shariffa Sabrina Syed Akil, the president of a local conservation group, cited the slow response as a consequence of ineffective bureaucracy. The Prime Minister of Malaysia, Ismail Sabri Yaakob, publicly acknowledged certain "weaknesses" over the government's response towards the disaster.
A decision involving Azhar Azizan Harun, Speaker of the Dewan Rakyat's refusal to permit members of parliament from the opposition party to discuss recent events related to the floods in the Parliament sparked widespread debate and controversy. The move by Azhar was criticised by politicians from both the ruling and opposition parties, with some calling for his resignation.
Lawsuit
In June 2022, 50 residents of Taman Sri Muda in Shah Alam, Selangor, have filed a lawsuit in the Shah Alam High Court against 10 respondents for more than RM3.7 million in compensation over the December 2021 floods. The 10 respondents are:
The director-general of the Natural Disaster Management Agency (Nadma),
The minister in the Prime Minister's Department,
The director-general of the Malaysian Meteorological Department,
The Minister of Environment and Water,
The director-general of the Department of Irrigation and Drainage,
Shah Alam City Council (Majlis Bandaraya Shah Alam; MBSA),
KDEB Waste Management Sdn Bhd,
Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB),
Selangor state government, and
Government of Malaysia
All but two of the respondents, TNB and the Selangor state government, have filed applications to strike out the lawsuit. In July 2023, the Shah Alam High Court dismissed both MBSA's and KDEB's applications to strike out the lawsuit, with Justice Mohd Zaki Abdul Wahab saying that there were issues that needed to be heard at a full trial.
Connection to climate change
Prior to the floods, scientists and organizations including Renard Siew, climate change advisor to the Centre for Governance and Political Studies, and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change had warned that extreme weather events would become more common as a consequence of climate change, including heavy rainfall. In an interview with CNA, Renard said that due to climate change, it would be harder for climatologists to predict the weather accurately, citing that the northeast monsoon which usually causes floods on the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia has also affected the west coast this time. He also disagreed with the government's claims regarding the 100-year flood, citing that in recent years, the devastating flooding caused by climate change had recently occurred in other regions including Europe, China and the United States. His statement was later echoed by environment lecturer at Universiti Putra Malaysia, Haliza Abdul Rahman, where she added that this flood and the recent floods in Turkey were caused by climate change. She also similarly disagreed that the flood was labelled as a "100-year flood", as similar events could also happen in the future. In order to mitigate this issue, aside from improving weather monitoring systems, experts and activists have urged action to be taken to reduce the effects of climate change. This includes reducing carbon emissions, encouraging public transport and carpooling as a means of transportation, ending deforestation, and encouraging global cooperation to tackle climate change. Moreover, this could involve reviewing the construction of infrastructure that will be affected by storms, flooding and rising sea levels, and granting international aid to help countries cope with climate change.
Notes
See also
Floods in Malaysia
List of deadliest floods
Tropical cyclones in 2021
Tropical cyclones in 2022
Tropical cyclones in Malaysia
Weather of 2021
Weather of 2022
References
External links
December floods
2022 disasters in Malaysia
2021 floods in Asia
2022 floods in Asia
December 2021 floods
December 2021 events in Asia
December 2021
January 2022 events in Asia
Looting |
69612895 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late%20December%202021%20Bahia%20floods | Late December 2021 Bahia floods | Beginning on 24 December 2021, record rainfall across the northeastern Brazilian state Bahia have resulted in severe floods. 21 people were killed, while 358 were injured and 62,800 were displaced. In a tweet, Rui Costa, the Governor of Bahia, declared the floods to be "the worst disaster that has ever occurred in the history of Bahia". 72 municipalities of Bahia declared a state of emergency.
Total rainfall at the state capital Salvador during December exceeded on 24 December, five times the historic average. On 26 December, the Bahia state government and Brazilian federal government, along with cooperation from other state governments, mounted a joint rescue operation to victims at the affected areas. Two dams collapsed between 25 and 26 December, at Jussiape and Itambé respectively. The town of Vitória da Conquista was heavily affected.
Southern Bahia had been badly flooded earlier the same month by Subtropical Storm Ubá.
COVID-19 medicines and vaccines were destroyed by the flooding.
See also
Weather of 2021
List of deadliest floods
2020 Brazilian floods and mudslides
References
2020s floods in Brazil
2021 disasters in Brazil
2021 floods
2021 meteorology
Late December 2021 floods
December 2021 events in Brazil |
69730997 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Atlas%20Underground%20Flood | The Atlas Underground Flood | The Atlas Underground Flood is the third collaborative album by American rock musician Tom Morello. The album was released on December 3, 2021, and features guest appearances from San Holo, Barns Courtney, Nathaniel Rateliff, Jim Jones, Chipotle Joe, X Ambassadors, Alex Lifeson, Kirk Hammett, Dr. Fresch, Manchester Orchestra, Andrew McMahon In The Wilderness, BreakCode, Ben Harper, IDLES, Jim James, and Rodrigo y Gabriela.
Track listing
References
2021 albums
Tom Morello albums
Mom + Pop Music albums |
69740959 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%20Eastern%20Cape%20floods | 2022 Eastern Cape floods | In early January 2022, the Eastern Cape province in South Africa experienced heavy rain and flooding following a thunderstorm that swept away homes, personal belongings and loved ones. These flash floods have left hundreds homeless, especially in township of Mdantsane which is situated on a floodplain making it more vulnerable to these types of natural disasters. Scientists believe that climate change is responsible for the droughts and floods along the eastern coastline. There were 20 casualties from this disaster, including a police rescue diver who, after saving three lives, got caught on a rope and drowned.
Background and details of the disaster
The Eastern Cape province, located on the east coast of South Africa records on average 40mm of rain in the month of January, typical of the rainy season. However, in the Buffalo City Municipality, which is home to the city of East London and surrounding towns, notably the township of Mdantsane, situated further inland on a floodplain, recorded 58mm of rain all within 24 hours between 8–9 January 2022.
Other municipalities impacted were the OR Tambo District Municipality, the Amathole District Municipality and the Alfred Duma Local Municipality.
Brief history
Flash floods are not a new phenomena in the Eastern cape, however they have become more frequent in recent years. Severe floods were recorded in February 2020, just before the start of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. Other notable floods occurred in December 2021, typically a festive period for South Africans, which brought numerous challenges, worsened by the global pandemic and more frequent flooding disasters.
Before the January 2022 floods, Buffalo City Municipality experienced a period of long-term drought that had hit the Eastern Cape province which lead to the implementation of strict water-use regulations. These torrential rains were both a blessing and curse, as they brought in a much needed water supply, however the strong current ravaged through the township, leaving nothing but disaster behind.
Details
The storm arrived without warning. The response from the cities and weather services was not quick enough to warn the citizens, primarily due to the lack of preventative measures in place ahead of these disastrous floods. Carte Blanche covered the story, which aired on 16 January 2022 on M-net. Extensive coverage depicted the devastation of the floods on the people of Mdantsane. Images of pollution and rubbish around the township were displayed, as well as images of destroyed homes, crops, roads, bridges and other infrastructure.
The surrounding informal settlements didn't stand a chance against the natural disasters due to the poor infrastructure of these homes. These homes, also known as shacks, which are built from iron, tin and any materials found, do not have the structural support to protect its inhabitants. Amid this flooding disaster, an already struggling population was forced into survival mode as they tried to rebuild their lives and communities. Gift of the givers, a known charitable organisation in South Africa was on the scene helping to distribute food parcels, blankets and other basic necessities, however the municipality and government were called upon to help rebuild the destroyed towns and its surrounding areas, as well as to provide support for the citizens and survivors of this disaster.
Local response
According to Met Office scientist Nikos Christidi, extreme weather events are "growing so prevalent that they will no longer be extreme events by the end of the century." He also highlighted that the threats from climate change are rising quickly. Global ecosystems, public health, transportation, infrastructure, education, and other areas are all severely impacted by climate disasters. More than 11,000 natural disasters have been documented worldwide in the last 50 years, resulting in 2 million fatalities and $3.64 trillion in material damage, according to the World Meteorological Organization. "Climate disasters are becoming more frequent, raising the possibility of decreased food production, poverty, hunger, and heightened danger of unrest and conflict in some countries." said Petrie Taalas, secretary general of the World Meteorological Organization.
In response to the disaster, South Africa's environment departments developed a response plan to address the weather disasters brought on by climate change and to assist the victims in recovering more quickly. The floods left a number of people dead, hundreds of people homeless, and many homes damaged. Additionally, the city administration established contact with officials at the Nahoon Dam to update the flood warning system and take action, and the local government collaborated with them on forecasts, alerts, and warnings.
On the humanitarian front, companies supported flood victims by giving them goods and warmth, while non-profit organizations were highly productive in delivering resources like food, blankets, and mattresses. The government made an official request for aide from different organizations and other people. A social relief programme team was swiftly established by the government as part of the relief effort. This team collaborated with various government departments and expressed heartfelt gratitude to the organizations that have already donated. These efforts hoped to inspire additional organizations to do the same.
Morbidity and Mortality
Mortality
Initial reports have indicated that there were only 14 casualties as a result of these flash floods. However, an updated death toll on January 15 confirmed an increase in the number of casualties to 20 individuals. Eight casualties were found in Buffalo City Municipality, another eight in OR Tambo District Municipality, three in Amathole District Municipality and one in Alfred Duma Local Municipality. The Buffalo City Municipality was the only one of the four areas in Eastern Cape province who have disclosed more detailed information about their casualties. Notably, two children drowned in the Buffalo River and a police officer drowned in Horseshoe Valley Nahoon River. He was a member of the search and rescue team following this disaster.
Morbidity
While these January flash floods have yielded a fairly low mortality compared to other flooding disasters in South Africa, the associated morbidity with extensive flooding is well defined. The short-term morbidity is caused by drowning injuries, illnesses and internal displacement. One person in Buffalo City Municipality was treated at the hospital for drowning related injuries and 34 others were displaced due to habitat destruction. The displaced individuals were temporarily given shelter in the NU.7 Community of the town Mdantsane.
Other flood-related morbidities include loss of health infrastructure, increased incidence of poor mental health and decreased access to food supplies among survivors. The OR Tambo District Municipality had to temporarily close the Mqanduli Community Health Centre due to damage from the flooding. The Buffalo City Municipality reported that one person was brought into the hospital and treated for post-traumatic stress disorder related to the floods. Detailed reports describing the full impact of these floods on food security have not been published; however, Vodacom, a South African mobile operator company, has distributed food parcels which provided essential relief to the 34 survivors of the flood in Buffalo City Municipality. A Mdantsane resident spoke of the donation, “We are very grateful… with the essentials [Vodacom] has provided for us.”
Ecological and physical impact
Ecological
There are no detailed data and no definitive environmental reports related to this flooding. But according to some articles, flooding can cause the following consequences:
Wildlife habitat may be destroyed by flooding
Contaminated floods contaminate rivers and habitats
Silt and sediment can damage farm crops
When the river reaches full bank capacity, the banks and natural dikes can be eliminated
Rivers can widen and downstream sedimentation can increase
High-speed water can uproot trees
Plants that survived initial flood may die from being submerged
Physical
Flooding hit infrastructure hardest, especially roads and water treatment plant. According to a report released by the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality on January 12, after an assessment by the disaster center and the fire brigade, it was found that the road was blocked by debris and a large amount of rainwater had accumulated. The most affected roads were the Qumza Highway in Mdantsane, Woolwash Road near the Scenery Park bridge and the Douglas Smith Highway in Duncan Village.Some bridges, in particular the Zone 15 road bridge, were damaged and required assessments.
The flooding also had a negative impact on local water infrastructure, with raw water from Bridle Drift Dam to the Umzonyana water treatment plant negatively affected by flash floods, resulting in limited water use for residents. As of February 1, the water quality had improved and returned within safe drinking standards. But the amount of water that is safe to drink remains an issue that needs to be further addressed. Finally, floods are considered by scholars to have the worst impact on the poor and pose a serious threat to the insurance industry while causing huge economic losses.
Short and long-term consequences
Short-term
Urban floods mostly afflict the informal settlements of African cities, which are characterised by subpar housing and infrastructure. The flash floods in parts of the Eastern Cape displaced hundreds of people. Infrastructure was severely damaged, including 49 health facilities and 57 schools. Bridges were destroyed, access to pipelines was blocked, rivers washed away their banks and some main roads were flooded, making access to stranded communities even more difficult. Environmental health services and infrastructure were damaged or disrupted, and the risk of waterborne and food-borne infections increased. Overcrowding and population displacement are ideal environments for outbreaks of respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases. Residents who suffer from chronic illnesses may not have received the care they needed or taken their medication on time. As the floodwaters receded, disease-carrying insects proliferated. Scientists have predicted the imminent emergence of highly contagious animal diseases.
Long-term
With global climate change and increased urbanisation, heavy rainfall events are expected to occur more frequently and with greater intensity in the future, and urban flooding is more likely to occur. Catastrophic flooding is often accompanied by water-borne diseases, including cholera, diarrhoea, typhoid, hepatitis and gastroenteritis. The trauma in the hearts of survivors who have lost a loved one can be difficult to recover from in a short time, producing anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder, and can exacerbate physical illness. Impacts such as the loss of crops, housing and other infrastructure also often translate into long-term problems such as malnutrition, poor maternal and child health care, and contamination of water sources with E. coli, further exacerbating the spread of infectious diseases.
See also
Weather of 2022
References
2022 disasters in South Africa
2022 floods in Africa
2022 floods
Floods in South Africa
January 2022 events in South Africa |
69745448 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948%20Columbia%20River%20flood | 1948 Columbia River flood | The 1948 Columbia River flood (or Vanport Flood) was a regional flood that occurred in the Pacific Northwest of the United States and Canada. Large portions of the Columbia River watershed were impacted, including the Portland area, Eastern Washington, northeastern Oregon, Idaho Panhandle, northwestern Montana, and southeastern British Columbia. A publication of the U.S. Geological Survey in 1949 stated property damage reached $102.7 million (1949 value), 250,000 acres of farmland were flooded, 20,000 acres of land were damaged or destroyed, and at least 16 died in the flood (the phrasing suggests these were deaths from the Vanport community); estimates for total deaths from the flood go as high as 102. Among the damage was the complete destruction of Vanport, in the Portland metropolitan area, which was the second largest city in Oregon at the time. The flood was largely caused by rapid melting of above-average snowpack by heavy precipitation and warm temperatures. It remains the second largest flood recorded on the river.
Meteorological synopsis
Above average snowfall was recorded in the mountains of the Columbia River watershed during the winter of 1947–48 resulting from more low pressure systems traversing the Pacific Northwest than normal. In early April, scientists at the University of Washington reported that snowpack was 20 to 40 percent deeper than average. Unusually cold temperatures were recorded in Eastern Washington during the spring months, helping deep snow to remain in place into May. During this time, the flood risk was noted by several government agencies, including the Department of Lands and Forests in British Columbia and the U.S. Weather Bureau.
From March 1 to May 1, the mean temperature at the Tri-Cities was recorded as , compared to a 30-year average of at the time. Snow was recorded in places like Pullman into late April. This air was generally sourced from around 60°N in latitude, which is much further north than what is expected for the time of year, driven by persistent low pressure over the Canadian Rockies.
The weather pattern shifted in mid-May as low pressure set up off the coast of Northern California and a ridge of high pressure in the interior of North America. This brought warmer and more moist conditions with rain and thunderstorms.
Flood
Heavy rain caused the Columbia and its tributaries to rise, reaching above flood stage in the Portland area by May 25. At this point, levees generally contained the rivers, but another round of heavy rain and thunderstorms the following week brought another rise. One of these occurred on May 27, causing a flash flood on Dry Creek in Ephrata, Washington, where 60 blocks were damaged. Silt coming into the city blocked the storm drains, limiting how much water the city's infrastructure could carry.
On May 28, some larger tributaries of the Columbia had flooded. Temporary levees were built in Cle Elum and Ellensburg in an attempt to keep the Yakima River from flooding those communities. The Kootenai River flooded of farmland in the Idaho Panhandle. Record setting flooding from the Columbia itself was observed in the Tri-Cities, Portland metropolitan area, and in Trail, British Columbia on May 30 and 31.
Many streamflow gauges on larger waterways like the Columbia recorded near-record high discharge rates, only being beat by major flooding in 1894 and 1876. Major flooding in 1849 likely also exceeded the 1948 peak but reliable records do not extend that far into the past for the area. The average spring discharge of the Columbia River in 1948 was 540,000 ft³/sec (15,000 m³/sec), but during the flooding values peaked around 1.01 million ft³/sec (28,600 m³/sec) and remained high for several weeks. Gauges on tributaries generally did not approach records, as smaller waterways see greater flooding from more localized events than is seen in most regional events like the 1948 flooding.
Major flooding from rapid snowmelt was also observed in other major watersheds in the region, including the Fraser River which inundated portions of the Vancouver area leaving 1500 people homeless. The Snake River, which is the largest tributary to the Columbia, and its watershed did not experience widespread flooding thanks to lower snowpack in East Idaho and far western Wyoming.
Damage
Several cities experienced extensive damage during the 1948 flooding with large rural areas also ending up under water. Many railroad tracks, power, telephone, and telegraph lines were out of service for a period following the flood. Small cities in the Inland Northwest, such as Bonners Ferry, Idaho, Union, Oregon, and Libby, Montana were flooded by the rivers and creeks they sit on. Washed out and flooded roads isolated other areas, such as the Methow Valley in Northern Washington. Flooding in these areas generally began the week of May 23 and lasted for several days.
Floodwaters gradually continued downstream, forcing evacuations around the Tri-Cities as early as May 27 and closing the highway between The Dalles and Cascade Locks in Oregon on the 28th. Despite frequent assurances from officials, levees protecting Vanport, a World War II era housing project, failed, completely destroying the city. Rather than having the neighborhoods rebuilt, this low area between the Columbia River and Columbia Slough is occupied by the Portland International Raceway, a golf course, and some businesses. Vanport remained underwater for several weeks following the levee burst.
Flooding in the Tri-Cities peaked on May 31 with Kennewick taking the brunt of the water because a larger portion of the city lies at a lower elevation compared to Pasco and Richland. While Kennewick's downtown was being cleaned up, many businesses relocated to a temporary building set up for them to continue to operate despite the damage. The Richland Wye, adjacent to Bateman Island and parts of downtown Richland also flooded. Closures on U.S. Route 410 caused problems for commuters, especially people living in Kennewick and Pasco but working on the Hanford Site.
Response
In the United States, National Guard troops deployed throughout the region to assist with disaster relief during and after the flood. President Harry Truman visited Washington on a campaign trip in June 1948. During his visit, he toured flood damaged areas around the Portland metro area and Wenatchee. Truman expressed support for more extensive flood control infrastructure in the Northwest while speaking in Seattle, but a speech he gave in Portland a few days later focused more on development of the river for commerce and focused less on flooding and safety.
Throughout the flooded area, waterways were altered to limit the chances of future flooding. A joint commission involving the United States and Canada had been formed in 1944 to study improvements that could be made to the Columbia River system, and it gained further urgency following the flooding in 1948. The result of this commission was the Columbia River Treaty, which was ratified between the two nations in 1964. Smaller waterways were also altered, such as in Kimberley, British Columbia where Mark Creek was diverted into a flume.
Partially in response to the 1948 floods, the United States Congress passed the Flood Control Act of 1950 funding the construction of several new dams and levee systems in the Columbia River watershed. Several dams owned by the United States Army Corps of Engineers resulted from this act including The Dalles Dam, as well as dams owned by sub-national entities like Priest Rapids Dam. As a result of these projects, major flooding on the Columbia River is far less likely.
In Popular Culture
These songs were inspired by the flood.
"Here Comes Sunshine", written by Robert Hunter and Jerry Garcia
"Vanport's Flood", written by Woody Guthrie
References
1948 meteorology
Columbia River
Floods in Canada
Natural disasters in British Columbia
Natural disasters in Idaho
Natural disasters in Montana
Natural disasters in Oregon
Natural disasters in Washington (state)
Columbia River flood
Columbia River flood
1940s floods in the United States |
69752503 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996%20Pacific%20Northwest%20floods | 1996 Pacific Northwest floods | The 1996 Pacific Northwest floods were a series of floods in Washington, Oregon, and the Idaho Panhandle in the United States. Large portions of the Columbia River and Puget Sound watersheds were impacted, including the Portland, Yakima, and the Palouse region. The flood was largely caused by warm temperatures and heavy rain falling on significant snowpack and caused an estimated $800 million in damage (1996 value).
Meteorological synopsis
The winter of 1995–96 started with near to below average snowpack for much of the affected region with ski resorts opening later than usual. The weather pattern changed a few weeks later, producing significant snowfall in lowland areas. Moscow, Idaho recorded of snow in ten days during the second half of January. Prolonged cold settled in following the heavy snow, causing the ground to freeze throughout much of the Columbia Basin and surrounding valleys. In places where the ground wasn't frozen, it was generally saturated with water.
In early February, a storm developed near Java and moved eastward. It was picked up by the jet stream and funneled toward the Pacific Northwest, reaching the region as a pineapple express, a name applied to atmospheric rivers observed on the U.S. and Canadian west coast that are sourced in the tropical or subtropical Pacific Ocean. La Niña conditions with a ridge of high pressure over the Rocky Mountains and an Aleutian Low helped to drive the moisture into Washington and Oregon rather than into California. The moisture reached Washington and Oregon on February 6 and on the 8th, Seattle observed its wettest February day with of rain at the airport. With soils in many places either frozen or saturated, water resulting from rain falling on snowpack was unable to seep into the ground, instead remaining on the surface causing flooding.
Flood and Damage
Flooding on the Columbia River itself was largely mitigated due to dams and other flood control measures taken after the 1948 Columbia River flood, though a few blocks in Vancouver were evacuated. Projects completed on a few smaller waterways in the 1960s were also successful in limiting flooding, such as the concrete channel dug for the Palouse River in Colfax, Washington after the Christmas flood of 1964. It is estimated that flood control infrastructure in the Willamette Valley prevented additional damage around $1.1 billion (1996 value) in Portland alone. Flooding was common elsewhere.
Western Washington and Oregon
The Willamette River crested at in Portland on February 9, reaching major flood stage and causing some flooding issues in lowlying parts of the city, including the Northwest Industrial Area. Sandbags were placed along the downtown seawall to prevent flooding, but the river came a few inches short of overtopping the lowest sections. Further upstream, cities from Oregon City to Corvallis were impacted by rising waters on the Willamette River and Oregon Department of Agriculture was forced to temporarily relocate to a new facility in the Salem area. The water reached so high in Oregon City that Willamette Falls almost disappeared. Several rivers flowing west out of the Oregon Coast Range into the Pacific also flooded. The dairy industry in Tillamook County with 500 cattle having drowned and sediment left behind covering about a quarter of the grazing land in the county.
Southwest Washington saw significant impacts. Near Centralia and Chehalis, Interstate 5 was covered by up to of water and the dike built to protect the Chehalis-Centralia Airport overflowed. The Skookumchuck River reached a new record high discharge, with the Chehalis River and Cowlitz River also getting well above flood stage. Further south, a mudslide near Woodland also closed Interstate 5.
Numerous roads were washed out in King County. One man died when he drove into a deep hole left behind when the road he was driving on was destroyed. Parts of Kent and Renton flooded and a landslide caused a house in Tacoma to slide into the Tacoma Narrows. Because of its position between the Puget Sound and Lake Washington, Seattle did not experience significant flooding though the city was unable to draw water from the Cedar River because of the amount of sediment in the river.
Inland Northwest
About of rain fell on the east side of Snoqualmie Pass in three days, causing the Yakima River to rise. Similar values were recorded near the headwaters of the Naches River, a tributary of the Yakima, with most communities from Nile in the Cascade Mountains to Toppenish taking damage. Visitors to a country club in Yakima were stranded when an ice jam blocked the river and cut off access, requiring military vehicles to be used in the evacuation. Interstate 82 near Granger was closed for flooding, and sediment entering the Naches River from one of its tributaries forced the closure of State Route 410.
Near Milton-Freewater to the south of Walla Walla, Mill Creek rose to the point where helicopters had to be used to evacuate people. Four levees in St. Maries, Idaho broke from high water and damage from ice. U.S. Route 95 and U.S. Route 12 were closed in Idaho. Tug boats had to be used on Lake Coeur d'Alene to keep a restaurant boat from floating away from its dock. The University of Idaho closed after some housing on campus was flooded by Paradise Creek.
Response
The National Guard was deployed in each of the affected states to help with flood relief efforts. U.S. President Bill Clinton visited Boise, Idaho and the greater Portland area to tour flood damage and meet with both victims and local officials. He also issued a disaster declaration for parts of the Pacific Northwest. During the flooding, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers used night-vision goggles to watch dikes.
Yakima County created a flood control district in 1998 to mitigate flood risk there. Among the projects was the removal of a scrapyard south of Union Gap to expand a bridge allowing for a wider floodplain. Previous to this, floodwaters would get backed up and rush into Wapato and Toppenish as occurred in 1996. Other agencies also made improvements to the Yakima River, including by widening the area between levees and constructing a new bridge for State Route 24, both near Yakima.
Environmental groups and scientists in Oregon lobbied for wetland and flood plain restoration along the Willamette River. Existing dams and other infrastructure provided examples of how far flood control in the region had come during the 20th Century, but it was not considered feasible to build more. The Army Corps of Engineers was directed by Congress to conduct a study of how successful such a program would be, which was still ongoing as recently as 2021.
See also
2020 Pacific Northwest floods
References
1996 natural disasters in the United States
1990s floods in the United States
1996 floods
Columbia River
Floods in the United States
Natural disasters in Idaho
Natural disasters in Oregon
Natural disasters in Washington (state)
History of the Pacific Northwest |
69812973 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%20Antananarivo%20floods | 2022 Antananarivo floods | On 18 January 2022, a series of floods occurred in northern Madagascar, especially around the Antananarivo area, where 11 people were killed. The floods were caused by heavy rainfall, with rainfall totals of up to 226 mm falling during the night of 17-18 January.
Impact
Madagascar
In total, 34 deaths were reported, 11 on January 18, and an additional 23 from Tropical Storm Ana on January 23. The country's National Office for Risk and Disaster Management reported that 6,800 houses had been flooded, and more than 35,000 people were temporarily displaced. Rainfall totals reached up to 226 mm in parts of Madagascar.
See also
Weather of 2022
2022 Eastern Cape floods
References
2022 floods in Africa
January 2022 events in Africa
2022 floods
Natural disasters in Madagascar
2022 disasters in Madagascar |
69938961 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%20Africa%20floods | 2022 Africa floods | Throughout 2022, floods affected most of Africa, killing over 2,100 people. The worst affected country was Nigeria, with over 610 deaths.
Impact
Angola
In December, floods in Angola have killed two people, destroyed five homes, and damaged 238 others.
Benin
Twenty-seven municipalities in Benin were affected by flooding, leading to 41 fatalities and over 670 houses destroyed.
Cameroon
As of September 20, as many as 37,439 people from 6,662 families were affected by floods in northern Cameroon. At least 2 people have died and around 95 injured. As many as 9,413 homes and 88 schools had been damaged or destroyed. Around 2,394 hectares of crops were also damaged, and 3,019 heads of cattle were lost.
Central African Republic
In the Central African Republic, flooding had affected 85,300 people, killed 11, destroyed more than 2,600 houses and 18,500 hectares of crops, damaged numerous other infrastructures and displaced more than 6,000 people in 176 towns and villages across 12 of the country's 17 prefectures.
Chad
In August, floods have affected 17,000 people in Chad, resulting in the destruction of 1,312 homes. At least 22 people have died while 229 others were injured.
Democratic Republic of the Congo
From late February to March, at least 16 people, including four children died in Bukavu due to the flooding. Floods in April killed 20 people, while a further 21 deaths were reported in May.
From 12 to 14 December 2022, heavy rains left roads, infrastructure and many neighborhoods underwater or destroyed in Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of the Congo's capital. Floods there killed 169 people.
On December 31, a landslide occurred in South Kivu, killing eight people.
Ethiopia
About 60,000 people were affected by floods, which have damaged some infrastructure.
Gabon
A flood-related landslide killed seven people near Libreville, Gabon.
Ghana
Two days of heavy rainfall had left many homes and a police station submerged in floodwater in eastern Ghana.
Ivory Coast
In June 2022, the Ivory Coast experienced its deadliest flooding in the country's history. At least 15 people died, including six by landslides and 114 were injured in Abidjan. About 1,900 houses were damaged and 11,900 people were affected.
Kenya
Flash floods had displaced hundreds of families following heavy downpour that was witnessed in Western Kenya.
Madagascar
On 18 January, floods hit Madagascar's capital Antananarivo, killing 10 people.
From late January 20 to February, Cyclone Batsirai and Tropical Storm Ana destroyed thousands of homes, and caused 179 deaths in Madagascar. Cyclone Gombe caused a further two deaths.
Malawi
In January, six houses collapsed and 126 others were damaged in flooding in Malawi.
Tropical Storm Ana caused 37 deaths in the country, while Cyclone Gombe in March caused a further seven deaths.
Mali
In Mopti, at least 550 houses were damaged by flood water, which submerged villages up to high.
Mozambique
Tropical Storm Ana lead to 20 deaths in Mozambique. In March, Cyclone Gombe caused a further 63 deaths and destroyed thousands of homes.
Namibia
Floods killed two children and an additional five people in a related house fire in December in Windhoek, Namibia.
Nigeria
At least 33 of the 36 states of Nigeria were affected by floods. Floods have killed at least 612 people. The floods have also caused a Cholera outbreak, killing a further 64 people.
Niger
At least 168 people have died due to flooding in Niger since August. Over 227,000 people were affected.
Rwanda
Since January 1, severe storms began across Rwanda. As of January 27, 15 people had been killed and 37 people were injured. Seven of those fatalities and 26 of the injuries were from lightning strikes.
Senegal
At least three people in Dakar killed as a result of the floods.
Sierra Leone
Eight deaths were reported in Freetown, the capital of Sierra Leone due to flooding and landslides.
South Africa
Floods affected Eastern Cape in January, killing fourteen people, including a police officer who was trying to rescue people.
In April, floods have killed at least 435 people, mostly in KwaZulu-Natal. Nearly $1.6 billion USD had been caused. Over 6,000 homes, mostly of poor construction, were damaged or destroyed by floods.
On December 3, floods affected a church in Johannesburg. Nine people were found dead and eight others were still missing.
Sudan
Flooding since August killed 134 people. Over 47,000 houses were damaged by flood water.
Tanzania
Floods in Tanzania killed five people in early May.
The Gambia
Floods in The Gambia killed at least 11 people.
Uganda
Floods in January killed 9 people in the Kisoro District. In August, floods in the Eastern Region killed a further 30 people.
References
Landslides in 2022 |
69944051 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%20Brazil%20floods%20and%20landslides | 2022 Brazil floods and landslides | In 2022, major floods and landslides occurred in Brazil.
Late January–early February
From 28 January to 3 February, a series of floods and landslides killed 28 people in Brazil.
Mid-February
On 15 February, heavy rain in Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro killed at least 231 people.
May
From 27 to 28 May, heavy rains in Recife and Zona da Mata, Pernambuco killed at least 106 people. At least 5,000 people were displaced from their homes.
See also
Weather of 2022
2020 Brazil floods
References
2020s floods in Brazil
2022 disasters in Brazil
2022 floods in South America
February 2022 events in Brazil
January 2022 events in Brazil
Landslides in Brazil
Landslides in 2022
May 2022 events in Brazil |
69963565 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%20Haiti%20floods | 2022 Haiti floods | Between January 31 to February 1, heavy rains in Haiti caused floods. On February 1, five people had been killed by the floods with one more person missing.
On March 7, a storm hit the Puerto Plata province of the Dominican Republic and the Nord Department of Haiti, leaving 2 Haitians dead.
On September 1, a flood destroyed upwards of 350 homes and killed 3 in the Ouest Department.
See also
Weather of 2022
2023 Haiti floods
References
2022 floods in North America
2022 in Haiti
Floods in the Caribbean
Natural disasters in Haiti
January 2022 events in North America
February 2022 events in North America |
69967810 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994%20Dronka%20floods%20and%20lightning%20strike | 1994 Dronka floods and lightning strike | On 2 November 1994 a lightning strike ignited three diesel and aircraft fuel tanks belonging to the Egyptian Army strategic reserve near the village of Dronka, Asyut Governorate in Egypt. The lightning was part of a severe storm that caused heavy flash flooding and widespread damage in four governorates in Upper Egypt leading to hundreds of deaths and tens of thousands of people made homeless in one of Egypt's worst urban disasters. The flooding compounded with the lightning strike meant flaming oil leaked from the tanks and was carried by floodwater into the village. More than 200 houses were destroyed and 469 people killed.
Floods and strike
On 2 November 1994, a five-hour thunderstorm led to flash floods that affected 124 villages in the four governorates of Asyut, Sohag, Qena and Luxor.
Near the village of Dronka, Asyut, the flooding of a Western Desert ravine coincided with a lightning strike that hit a point of elevation at near Dronka, which was near a complex of eight oil tanks maintained by the Egyptian General Petroleum Corporation as a strategic reserve for the Egyptian Army. The tanks were spaced around apart and three of them caught fire. Around of oil leaked from the tanks; there was no bund wall or any secondary confinement in place to contain the oil, which mixed with floodwaters that were being held back by a nearby railway line. The line collapsed, and the water and flaming oil washed into Dronka, a village of 10,000 people.
Effects
Reports from the flooding in the four governorates show a total of almost 600 people were killed, and 11,148 houses destroyed and a further 11,085 damaged making 110,660 people homeless. 23,531 feddans (Approx. 12,000 HA) of agricultural land were devastaed, and total damage exceeded $140 million.
An Egyptian Ministry of Health and Population report noted that 469 bodies were recovered from the village of Dronka alone, and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) considers this figure to be the death toll. More than 200 houses in Dronka were destroyed and 20,000 residents of the village and surrounding area fled to Assiut. One of the tanks remained ablaze into the night as firefighters decided it was best to let it burn out; there were fears it could ignite some of the surviving five oil tanks. The governor of Assiut declared a state of emergency due to the storm and lightning strike.
The WMO attributes the death toll of 469 to the lightning strike and notes the disaster is the highest mortality event as a result of a lightning strike on record (dating back to 1873). The highest death toll directly caused by a single lightning strike is 21 people killed while sheltering in a hut in Zimbabwe in 1975.
References
1994 in Egypt
1994 disasters in Africa
1994 fires
20th-century fires in Africa
20th-century floods in Africa
1994 floods
1994 meteorology
Asyut Governorate
Fires in Egypt
Lightning
November 1994 events in Africa |
70026280 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1341%20Kerala%20floods | 1341 Kerala floods | Floods of 1341 is a deluge that occurred in present-day Kerala during the 14th century. There are no written historic treatise regarding this event. The present day understanding regarding this event is centered around findings of Pattanam Archaeological excavations in Kodungallur - North Paravur region and geological studies about Vypin and Fort Kochi.
It is widely believed that excess siltation caused due to run off from Western Ghats through Periyar River during the floods had led to change in the course of Periyar and destruction of ancient natural port of Muziris. The accretion following the deluge has brought in tremendous changes to the shore between Alappuzha and Kodungallur. It has resulted in rejuvenation of new land masses like Vypin Island and soil deposits along Panangad - Kumbalam region. There are many historians who attribute the floods as a major reason for formation of Cochin Port and estuary on Vembanad.
See also
Kerala floods (disambiguation)
References
Floods in India
History of Kerala
Periyar (river)
Disasters in Kerala
Floods in Kerala |
70088608 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20non-water%20floods | List of non-water floods | Most non-water floods (excluding mudflows, oil spills, or volcanic lahars) involve storage facilities suddenly releasing liquids, or industrial retaining reservoirs releasing toxic waste. Storage facility incidents usually cover a small area but can be catastrophic in cities; for example, a molasses tank failure in 1919 led to the Great Molasses Flood that killed 21 people in Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
Industrial retaining reservoirs are often used to store toxic waste, and when they fail they can flood a large area, causing physical and environmental damage. The 2010 failure of a reservoir at the Ajka alumina plant in Hungary flooded a small town and killed several, while the cleanup from the 2008 Kingston Fossil Plant spill in Tennessee, U.S. took several years and killed at least 40 workers involved.
List
Lists of floods |
70089483 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%20Petr%C3%B3polis%20floods | 2022 Petrópolis floods | On 15 February 2022, intense rainfall in Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil caused mudslides and flooding that destroyed parts of the city. At least 231 people died in the disaster.
The Background
Petrópolis is a popular tourist city in Brazil, and as it expanded, its poorer residents built upon the nearby mountainsides. This led to deforestation and poor drainage in these areas of the city. From 2007 to 2010 geologists carried out a number of reports and landslide risk map for the Quitandinha district, and found the most vulnerable areas of the municipality. These findings should have been disseminated throughout Petropolis but, due to insufficient funding, this did not happen.
Additionally, the local authorities of Petrópolis ordered a survey in 2017 and identified 15,240 houses with a high risk of being destroyed due to heavy rainfalls, which covered about 18% of the city. The city, however, was unable to act on this report.
The National Natural Disaster Alert Monitoring Center (Cemaden) issued an alert on the magnitude of the storm two days before the floods on 15 February. According to specialists, the warning should have prompted the authorities to mobilize to evacuate the residents. Despite the intensity of the tragedy that would be drawn a few hours later, this alert was issued in a classification of "moderate risk of landslides".
Event
On February 15, 2022, the city of Petrópolis received an unusually high amount of rain within three hours, . This was more than the prior 30 days combined, and the worst the city had seen since 1932. According to Cemaden, of the rain recorded during that day, was recorded between 4:20pm and 7:20pm. The climatological normal for the month of February was . It was the biggest storm in the history of Petrópolis, since measurements began in 1932. The previous record had occurred on August 20, 1952, when it rained in 24 hours.
The high level of precipitation caused flooding within the city as well as destabilized the mountainside, causing mudslides. Videos of the disaster were widely shared on social media, showing cars and houses being dragged by landslides. By February 21, the death toll reached 176, including at least 27 children and teenagers. As of February 28, the death toll has risen to 231, with 5 people still missing. This event is the deadliest flood and mudslide in Petrópolis' history, exceeding the 1988 event which left 171 dead.
Impacts
The damages from the floods and mudslides exceeded 1 billion Brazilian reals when considering reconstruction costs. The estimated loss is 665 million reals from the municipality's gross domestic product (GDP), equivalent to 2%, in data that considers only the direct impact. On top of that, over 78 million reals worth of goods were damaged.
Reactions
The city hall of Petrópolis declared three days of mourning.
Cláudio Castro, the governor of the state of Rio de Janeiro compared the situation to that of a war zone: "The situation is almost like war ... Cars hanging from poles, cars overturned, lots of mud and water still."
President Jair Bolsonaro, who was on a diplomatic trip to Russia and Hungary at the time of the flooding, expressed solidarity with the city. It was later confirmed that Bolsonaro would visit Petrópolis on his return to Brazil. The Brazilian federal government also announced that it would give R$2.3 million to the city.
The Ministry of Health stated they would help the situation by providing medical resources. They also informed that 13 Basic Health Units (UBS) and one Emergency Care Unit (UPA) were damaged by the floods.
See also
Weather of 2022
2022 Brazil floods and landslides
January 2011 Rio de Janeiro floods and mudslides
Late December 2021 Bahia floods
List of deadliest floods
References
2020s floods in Brazil
2022 disasters in Brazil
2022 floods in South America
Landslides in Brazil
Landslides in 2022
2022 floods
February 2022 events in Brazil
History of Rio de Janeiro (state) |
70103006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Augustus%20Royer%20Flood%20Dunbar | Charles Augustus Royer Flood Dunbar | Paymaster Rear-Admiral Charles Augustus Royer Flood Dunbar, CBE (30 June 1849 – 7 May 1939) was a Royal Navy officer.
References
1849 births
1939 deaths
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Royal Navy rear admirals
Royal Navy personnel of World War I
Royal Navy logistics officers |
70106023 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karachi%20floods | Karachi floods | Karachi floods may refer to
2020 Karachi floods
2017 Karachi floods
2009 Karachi floods |
70125189 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Year%20of%20the%20Flood%20%28film%29 | The Year of the Flood (film) | The Year of the Flood () is a 2004 romantic drama film directed by Jaime Chávarri based on the novel of the same name by Eduardo Mendoza which stars Fanny Ardant and Darío Grandinetti.
Plot
Set in a Catalan village in 1953, the plot follows the romantic relationship between Sor Consuelo, a nun, and Don Augusto Aixelá, a womanizing local landholder. The entry of the Maquis guerrilla on the scene disrupts the plight of Consuelo.
Cast
Production
A joint Spanish-French-Italian co-production, the film was produced by GONA alongside Oberon Cinematográfica, Babe and Kairòs. Shooting began on 11 August 2003 and wrapped in October 2003. Shooting locations included Barcelona and neighbouring villages.
Release
Penned by Eduardo Mendoza and Jaime Chávarri, the screenplay is an adaptation of the 1992 novel of the same name authored by the former. The film screened in April 2004 at the Málaga Film Festival's main competition. Distributed by United International Pictures, it was theatrically released in Spain on 28 April 2004.
Accolades
|-
| align = "center" | 2005 || 19th Goya Awards || Best Adapted Screenplay || Eduardo Mendoza, Jaime Chávarri || ||
|}
See also
List of Spanish films of 2004
Informational notes
References
Films set in Catalonia
Films shot in Catalonia
Films set in 1953
Spanish romantic drama films
French romantic drama films
Italian romantic drama films
Films about the Spanish Maquis
Films based on Spanish novels
2000s Spanish-language films
2004 romantic drama films
Films directed by Jaime Chávarri
2000s French films
2000s Spanish films
2000s Italian films
Films about Catholic nuns
Spanish-language romantic drama films |
70151090 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrewsbury%20floods | Shrewsbury floods | The town of Shrewsbury in Shropshire, England has historically been affected by flooding of the River Severn. The Frankwell area, has been particularly affected, but flood defence measures have largely been effective in the area.
Geography
Shrewsbury is about west of Telford, west of Birmingham and the West Midlands Conurbation, and about north-west of the capital, London. More locally, the town is to the east of Welshpool, with Bridgnorth and Kidderminster to the south-east. The town centre is partially built on a hill whose elevation is, at its highest, above sea level. The longest river in the UK, the River Severn, flows through the town, forming a meander around its centre. The town is subject to flooding from the river.
Defences
Most of the ceremonial county of Shropshire is covered for purposes of local government by Shropshire Council, a unitary authority established in 2009. Telford and Wrekin is a unitary authority, with borough status, which forms part of the county for various functions such as Lord Lieutenant but is a separate local authority from Shropshire Council. However many services are shared across both authorities, such as the fire and rescue service, and the two authorities co-operate on some projects such as mapping flood risk.
In 1954, A scale model was built by hydraulic engineer Claude Inglis to model the effects of flood defenses.
Environment Agency Plans for defences
The Frankwell flood defences were completed in 2003, along with the new offices of Shrewsbury and Atcham Borough Council.Frankwell Flood Aleviation scheme
"Slow the Flow"
The Quarry park is allowed to flood in preference to other real estate.
Melverley is used as a controlled flood area
Response to PMQ
2008
Notable occurrences
Coton Hill flooded in 1846.
December 1848.
November 1852.
February 1867.
February 1941.
March 1947.
January 1948.
February 1950.
February 2022
From the late 1990s, the town experienced severe flooding problems from the Severn and Rea Brook. In the autumn of 2000 large swathes of the town were underwater, notably Frankwell, which flooded three times in six weeks. The Frankwell flood defences were completed in 2003, along with the new offices of Shrewsbury and Atcham Borough Council. More recently, such as in 2005 and 2007 but not 2020, flooding has been less severe, and the defences have generally held back floodwaters from the town centre areas. However, the town car parks are often left to be flooded in the winter, which reduces trade in the town, most evidenced in the run up to Christmas in 2007.
November 2019
On 14 November nine schools in Shropshire were closed because of floods. The Environment Agency issued three flood warnings for the county, two on the River Severn and one on the River Teme. Sections of the A49 and A488 were closed as were a number of minor roads, particularly in the south of the county. On 15 November four schools remained closed.
On 15 November 2019 rail services between Shrewsbury and Welshpool did not run due to flooding.
Storm Dennis (February 2020)
Properties were flooded in the centre of Shrewsbury as the Severn burst its banks. The Environment Agency described the flooding across parts of the West Midlands as "unprecedented", and warned that excess runoff from the upper reaches of the Severn in Wales meant that the flooding in the lower Severn valley would likely be prolonged for at least three days.
See also
List of floods
References
External links
Floods in England
floods, Shrewsbury
River Severn |
70169324 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%20eastern%20Australia%20floods | 2022 eastern Australia floods | The 2022 eastern Australia floods were one of the nation's worst recorded flood disasters with a series of floods that occurred from February to April in South East Queensland, the Wide Bay–Burnett and parts of coastal New South Wales. Brisbane suffered major flooding, along with the cities of Maryborough, Gympie, the Sunshine Coast, Caboolture, Toowoomba, Gatton, Ipswich, Logan City, the Gold Coast, Murwillumbah, Mullumbimby, Grafton, Byron Bay, Ballina, Lismore, the Central Coast and parts of Sydney.
Twenty-two people are known to have died during the disaster. Throughout South East Queensland and the Wide Bay–Burnett, almost one thousand schools were closed in response to the flooding, evacuations took place and the public were advised to avoid non-essential travel. Food shortages were reported across the region, due to the ensuing supply chain crisis as well as affecting communities in outback Queensland.
The flooding caused the ground across South East Queensland and Northern New South Wales to become saturated and vulnerable to even small amounts of rain.
Meteorology
Rainfall of over was recorded across the greater Brisbane area. In the three days to 28 February, greater Brisbane received of rainfall, the largest three, and seven, day total ever recorded in Brisbane. Mount Glorious received in excess of of rainfall in the week until 28 February. The rainfall recorded was higher than that of the 1974 Brisbane flood, with 30 locations across the south-east recording in excess of 1000 millimetres.
Cause
The flooding was the result of a low pressure system over Queensland's southern coast that dragged in moisture from the Coral Sea in the north, raising it over the Queensland coastline. The area of colder air higher in the atmosphere which the low-pressure system travelled in, thus making the atmosphere unstable and permitting moisture to be lifted up and falling as rain. As the system headed south, it turned into an East Coast Low near the Central Coast and Sydney. Furthermore, around New Zealand, there existed an area of high pressure, which is an anti-clockwise rotating blocking high that obstructed the low pressure system from drifting away into the Tasman Sea.
Impact
Brisbane
The Brisbane central business district (CBD) experienced flooding, as well as the inner city areas of South Bank and South Brisbane, Milton, West End, Windsor, Lutwyche, Gordon Park, Grange, Wooloowin, Toombul and Newstead. On 28 February the Brisbane River's height reached , higher than the peak height of flooding in 2013 but below the 3.9 metres recorded during the 2010–2011 Queensland floods and less than the peak height of 4.46m in 2011.
The Kedron Brook Floodway broke its weir at multiple points inundating houses in the surrounding suburbs and flooding the popular and iconic Toombul Shopping Centre, which shut permanently as a result of the subsequent flood damage. Substantial infrastructure damage was caused to the Kedron Brook Floodway attributable to the 1000mm of rain that fell in its catchment over the 72 hour period of the floods. In Brisbane 177 suburbs were impacted with more than 23,000 homes inundated.
Throughout South-East Queensland, more than 20,000 homes were inundated and power outages affected over 51,000 properties.
All public transport services were shut down lasting for several days, including rail, buses, and City Cat ferries. South-East Queensland's rail network suffered extensive damage resulting from landslips, and major highways closed due to flooding, including the Bruce Highway, the Warrego Highway and the Ipswich Motorway.
Holman Street ferry wharf in the Brisbane River suffered damage by floating debris. On the 28 February, a river crane for the Kangaroo Point Bridge broke free of its mooring, causing the evacuation of apartment and office buildings along Eagle Street and the area of Howard Smith Wharves. Wivenhoe Dam peaked at 183.9% capacity that day, despite the outflow gates being opened, albeit not at 100%. Enoggera Dam, in the western Brisbane suburb of The Gap, reached a record capacity of 270% on the same day.
Wivenhoe Dam is primarily designed for drinking water supply to Brisbane, Ipswich, and surrounding areas, as well as flood protection for Brisbane. The 2022 floods would have been significantly worse if it were not for Wivenhoe Dam, with the dam also being ~56% full prior to the huge inflow. Over the course of the rain event (excluding subsequent inflows after the rain had stopped), Wivenhoe had inflows of 2.2 million mega litres (ML), and released only 150,000 ML, effectively holding back 2.05 million ML from flowing down the Brisbane River and decimating Greater Brisbane.
Wide Bay–Burnett and Western Downs
In the Wide Bay–Burnett, the city of Gympie suffered its worst flooding since 1893, with the Mary river peaking at 22.96 metres on 28 February. About 550 people sought shelter at the Gympie evacuation shelter, and up to 3600 homes were inundated in the city. The city of Maryborough also suffered flooding in parts of its CBD and cut bridges, an 11-metre flood levee was erected to protect the rest of the city centre.
On the morning of 28 March, Emergency Services were called to a submerged vehicle in Toowoomba where a man and several dogs had drowned due to the flooding.
On 29 March, heavy rainfall caused flood levels to peak at 3.6 metres in Dalby, swamping homes and businesses, with many residents considering to resettle elsewhere after four floods in five months destroyed their homes.
Northern Rivers
In early March, in the Northern Rivers, the M1 highway was closed by flooding from Cudgera Creek to Tweed Heads. The area, particularly Woodburn, Lismore and Clarence Valley Council, suffering fuel, food and water shortages. 400 military personnel were sent to Lismore to help with the clean-up. Four people perished in Lismore, after the area suffered its worst flood in recorded history, inundating many businesses and homes in the city, which peaked 2 metres above the town's last record flood. More than 3,000 homes in Lismore were affected by the flood, which left the region to resemble "a war zone". There were around 270 people refuging in Lismore's two evacuation centres, with thousands of others finding shelter in family and friends' places of residence. Community groups also stepped in to fill gaps in the state and federal governments' response, helping to clear and clean flood damaged houses while providing food and shelter.
On 30 March, Byron Bay's main street (Jonson Street) was partially submerged in floodwaters following another wave of sousing rain in northern NSW. A residential estate in Ballina was also submerged, flooding homes.
On 30 March, after the all-clear had been given in Lismore less than 24 hours prior, an evacuation order was again issued for those in low-lying areas of the city as the levee overflowed as the Wilsons River began to rise (expected to peak at 12 metres) and the city centre flooded, in addition to a woman going missing in floodwaters south of Lismore. The heavy rainfall and flash flooding evoked more than 60 flood rescues in the 24 hours leading up to the 30th, in addition to some locals being isolated due to surrounding floodwaters. The Pacific Highway was closed in both directions between Wardell and Tintenbar due to the flooding.
Sydney
On 3 March, thousands of people in Camden, Chipping Norton, Georges Hall, Lansvale, Milperra, Moorebank, Warwick Farm, North Richmond, Windsor, and nearby suburbs were told to evacuate as the Hawkesbury River, Nepean River and Georges rivers began to rise after of rain fell over parts of Western Sydney overnight. Warragamba Dam, Sydney's chief reservoir, was spilling at a rate in excess of 70 gigalitres a day on 3 March.
On 8 March, another heavy deluge inundated streets in Lansvale, Bass Hill, Bankstown, Liverpool and Wisemans Ferry, in addition to two people being found dead in a storm canal at Wentworthville. Areas near the Georges River and Manly Dam were placed under an evacuation order by the State Emergency Service as floodwaters began to rise that day, with 2000 people evacuating in Manly. Floodwaters in this event topped 2021's levels, with playgrounds and caravan parks being submerged, particularly in Freshwater, Brookvale, Manly, Curl Curl and the encompassing suburbs. In the Upper North Shore, the Roseville Bridge was flooded, in addition to a portion of a ceiling at Bondi Junction Westfield collapsing.
On 7 April, the floods forced Picton, New South Wales to be placed under an evacuation warning as the Stonequarry Creek continued to rise. Camden, New South Wales was inundated as the floodwaters rose.
On 2 July, Camden, New South Wales was ordered to evacuate for the fourth time of the year due more major flooding.
Response
European Commission's European External Action Service activated the Copernicus Emergency Management Service – Mapping in order to produce delineation maps of floods in the Brisbane, Gatton, Grafton, Grantham, Gympie, Lismore, Maryborough and Wivenhoe areas of interest.
On March 7, Scott Morrison stated "these are floods that we have not seen in living memory in anyone's lifetime, and even before that."
New South Wales premier Dominic Perrottet vowed to fund the flood recovery, saying that he was "not going to spare a dollar" in flood recovery efforts. He also stated that there should be direct housing for residents who lost homes, which was a particular concern. According to emergency services minister, Steph Cooke, of the approximately 1,400 rapid property damage assessments taken in Lismore, 900 of them were already considered uninhabitable.
One of the many criticisms by the affected residents was the slow pace of troops arriving to the region. Opposition Leader Anthony Albanese criticised the government's handling of bringing in the ADF, saying, "Clearly, there have been issues here with people who were on the roofs of places for a long period of time. There's a need for an explanation". Although Defence minister Peter Dutton and Dominic Perrottet defended the timing of the ADF's arrival, contending that many parts of the area were inaccessible due to inundating floodwaters. Scott Morrison, in particular, was subject to widespread criticism over his delayed response to the floods.
On 9 March, around 100 infuriated locals in Lismore protested to Prime Minister Scott Morrison, but were denied meeting him face to face. They carried signs and chanted, "the water is rising, no more compromising" and "we need help". It was left to Koori Mail staff and volunteers to coordinate efforts to supply food and essential supplies to the local Aboriginal community and others in Lismore, with financial support only following months later.
On 9 March, Architects Assist, an initiative of the Australian Institute of Architects, extended the offer of pro bono consultations and architectural services to the flood victims.
Relief efforts
Damage from floods was expected to reach almost , as addition ADF troops came to aid in clean-up efforts. Insurance Council of Australia figures calculated the cost of claims from the disaster was A$1.45 billion as of 7 March, but it was expected to rise once the extent of the damage is known. According to the council, insurers had received more than 96,000 claims, with 80 per cent of those for homes, thus far. Of those, 69% of claims had come from Queensland, with 31% from NSW. There had been as many as 5000 ADF personnel distributed across the flood disaster areas by 5 March. Despite the aid efforts, there was rising criticism from those impacted by the floods that the government was too slow to act in sending in defence troops to help them. As of 8 March, more than $282 million in disaster payments to flood victims were paid to 242,000 people ($157 million to victims in NSW and $125 million to those in Queensland). The LGAs affected would gain from the next stage of support for the victims, which included $256 million for emergency relief, food relief and financial counselling services.
Flood appeal
Seven Network, Nine Network and Network 10 united in partnership with Red Cross Australia for the telethon event on the evening of 12 March to raise money for those affected by the floods. The event featured popular Australian musicians who performed to raise money, such as, Tones and I, Jimmy Barnes, Delta Goodrem, Jon Stevens, Vanessa Amorosi, Hunters and Collectors, The Living End, Casey Donovan and Sheppard. The hosts included Seven's Natalie Barr, David Koch, Sonia Kruger and Mark Ferguson; Nine's Scott Cam, Sylvia Jeffreys, Andy Lee and Peter Overton; and 10's Carrie Bickmore, Dr. Chris Brown, Amanda Keller and Osher Günsberg. Proceeds from the telethon were donated to the Australian Red Cross, which provided support to those ravaged by the floods, and this will include evacuation support, staffing of relief centres and outreach services, in addition to helping people and communities recuperate and rebuild.
See also
Weather of 2022
References
External links
EMSR567: Floods in Queensland, Australia (delineation maps) – Copernicus Emergency Management Service
Special Climate Statement 76 – Extreme rainfall and flooding in south-eastern Queensland and eastern New South Wales Bureau of Meteorology, 25 May 2022
Heather Faulkner Brisbane flood photographs, State Library of Queensland
Tammy Law 2022 Brisbane flood photographs, State Library of Queensland
Hamish Cairns 2022 Rocklea flood photographs, State Library of Queensland
Windsor and Wilston 2022 flood photographs, State Library of Queensland
RAW.Exposed 2022 Brisbane flood photographs, State Library of Queensland
Infinity Flights Photographs of the 2022 Gympie flood photographs, State Library of Queensland
Morgan Roberts 2022 Brisbane flood photographs, State Library of Queensland
2022 floods in Oceania
2022 disasters in Australia
2020s in Brisbane
2022 in New South Wales
2020s in Queensland
February 2022 events in Australia
Floods in Queensland
Floods in New South Wales
March 2022 events in Australia
April 2022 events in Australia
July 2022 events in Australia
South East Queensland
Disasters in Brisbane
Disasters in Sydney
Weather events in Australia |
70186606 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%20Malaysian%20east%20coast%20floods | 2022 Malaysian east coast floods | A flood occurred at the east coast of Peninsula Malaysia at the end of February 2022. The floods were caused by continuous heavy rains for several days since February 25 in most states of the peninsula, especially in the states of Kelantan and Terengganu, which led to the significant floods in both states. Following the floods, several thousand people had to be evacuated, and the floods also affected neighboring regions of Thailand. The floods were considered unexpected due to flood times that were not in line with the usual annual weather patterns.
See also
Weather of 2022
2021–2022 Malaysian floods
References
Floods in Malaysia
2022 floods in Asia
February 2022 events in Asia
2022 disasters in Malaysia |
70330653 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%20Suriname%20floods | 2022 Suriname floods | The 2022 Suriname floods beginning in March have affected Indigenous and Maroon settlement areas in the eastern part of Suriname. The floods were caused by the La Niña weather phenomenon, which replaced the short dry season (beginning of February to beginning of April) in 2022.
Background
In the first two months of 2022, there was persistent heavy rainfall. This was unusual for Suriname, since February and March are part of the short dry season. However, due to the weather phenomenon La Niña, the dry season was not observed, and the rains have continued to fall.
To prevent the water level of the Brokopondo Reservoir from rising further, the Staatsolie Power Company Suriname N.V. (SPCS) opened the outlet valves of the Afobaka Dam on 28 February. The releases were carried out at intervals to prevent disruption in the villages at the lower end of the Suriname River.
The was in 2006, which affected more than 170 villages. Displaced residents moved to areas of higher elevation, or to French Guiana and Brazil. President Ronald Venetiaan had to request help from foreign countries. A flood of such magnitude had not occurred for a century prior.
Details
Flooding onset
On 9 March 2022, the Tapanahoni, Lawa and Marowijne rivers began to overflow their banks. Goejaba and Pikin Slee were among the first villages that were affected. At the offices of the Ministry of Transport, Communications and Tourism (TCT) in Pokigron, located at the mouth of the Upper Suriname in the Brokopondo reservoir, water started to flow in. The Ministry of Regional Development and Sport (ROS) decided that day to evacuate all teachers from Sipaliwini District back to Paramaribo.
On March 10, more villages were affected. Outposts of Medische Zending became more difficult to access: the clinics in Pokigron, Drietabbetje, Djoewee, Poesoegroenoe and Gonini had already been flooded. The police force of Gonini was moved to Stoelmanseiland with the help of the military. Landing strips and schools were also flooded.
By 13 March, medical posts had been lost in many places in the country. The floods had caused major economic damage. All schools in the affected areas were closed.
By 15 March 2022, after nearly a week of flooding, the affected area extended from Para District and Moengo in the north to the catchment basins of the Upper Saramacca, Upper Suriname, Tapanahoni, Lawa and Marowijne in the south.
Subsiding water levels
After 15 March, there were several dry days in a row, lowering the water level of the Upper Suriname. On the other hand, the excess water flowing downstream caused flooding in the coastal areas, partly worsened by high tides. The districts most affected were Nickerie and Saramacca in the north-west.
Public health
Health facilities were mostly closed in the affected areas, and an increase in diarrhea cases was initially reported. President Chan Santokhi had medicines delivered within a few days to combat this. Two weeks after the floods began, Medische Zending reported no additional diarrhea cases, as opposed to 2006. According to the vice-director of medical affairs, Maureen Wijngaarde-van Dijk, residents are now better informed of the dangers of flooded latrines and temporary toilets, and know to boil water before drinking.
Response
On 15 March, the Surinamese government released a first tranche of 6 million Surinamese dollars (equivalent to 265,000 euro) for emergency aid to the population. This would cover one week of assistance. Vice President Ronnie Brunswijk observed the situation in flooded areas on 13 March from a helicopter, and showed his video recordings in the National Assembly. President Chan Santokhi visited Poesoegroenoe on 20 March; he wanted to visit more villages, but had to turn back due to bad weather conditions.
The Ministry of ROS has since the early days identified the need for aid packages in the affected areas. The National Coordination Centre for Disaster Control (NCCR) and the Surinamese Red Cross (SRK) monitored the situation on a daily basis. The NCCR distributed food, water and tarpaulins to the affected inhabitants. 1100 emergency aid packages were provided in the country through 18 March.
According to President Santokhi, flooding will be a recurring problem. He wants plans to set up higher-lying areas in a way that could provide emergency relief in the event of flooding. The Falawatra plan, introduced during the 2006 floods, was also brought back for consideration in 2022.
The Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency (CDEMA) dispatched a two-member team on 31 May to assess flooding damage. Its partner donors had pledged to assist Suriname a week prior after a declaration from President Santokhi.
Gallery
The following film stills are from footage taken by the Vice President's crew on 13 March 2022.
See also
Weather of 2022
References
Floods
2022 floods in South America
Natural disasters in Suriname
Water in Suriname
March 2022 events in South America |
70338197 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%20Pacific%20Northwest%20floods | 2020 Pacific Northwest floods | The 2020 Pacific Northwest floods were a series of floods in the Pacific Northwest, United States. The main impacts were experienced in the northwest quarter of Washington and along rivers and streams draining the Blue Mountains in southeast Washington and northeast Oregon. Small portions of the Lower Mainland in British Columbia, Canada also flooded. The flooding was primarily caused by heavy rain falling on mountain snow and represents the worst flood on record for some of the affected rivers. Large rivers in the region, such as the Columbia and Snake were largely unaffected.
Meteorological synopsis
In early February, an atmospheric river aimed at the Pacific Northwest, bringing heavy rain to low and mid-elevation locations in Washington and northern Oregon. Most atmospheric rivers that impact the Pacific Northwest are typically oriented from southwest to northeast, but this one was unusual in that it was oriented west to east. Because of the orientation of mountain ranges such as the Cascade Range, the west to east trajectory is more efficient at producing precipitation on the windward side of the ranges. This, combined with the duration of the rainfall on near-average snowpack, led to widespread flooding that was record breaking on some rivers.
Before the system impacted the region, the National Weather Service issued flood warnings for multiple rivers. In parts of the Washington Cascades, over inches of water-equivalent precipitation was observed, with over on the west slopes of the Blue Mountains.
Flood and damage
Blue Mountain area
Water rose so fast on the Umatilla River that some Pendleton residents were unable to receive evacuation notices before being forced to flee the flooding. One family had to seek shelter on the roof of their home and water reached high enough to overtop levees in the downtown area of that city. The body of a Pendleton-area woman who is believed to have been attempting to evacuate was found a few days later. Downstream, the Umatilla River overran Interstate 84 leading to a stretch of the freeway being closed for several days. Around 50 homes in Echo took damage along with some homes and businesses near Stanfield. Riverfront Park west of Hermiston was under water for the second year in a row and homeless families living in makeshift camps nearby were displaced. A mudslide east of Pendleton caused a closure on a railroad owned by Union Pacific.
Flooding in the Walla Walla River watershed was also extensive. The largest city in the area, Walla Walla, was protected from flooding on Mill Creek which was placed in a deep channel through the city following flooding in 1931. On either side of the city, the creek overflowed its banks to wash out roads, inundate fields, and damage buildings. In an effort to manage flows in the creek the Army Corps of Engineers released water from Bennington Lake, a reservoir east of Walla Walla, into nearby Russell Creek. The reservoir was not at risk of being overtopped, but it took about 40 days to get it back to normal levels.
Much of Milton-Freewater was evacuated when the Walla Walla River overtopped a levee protecting that city. Upstream, the river and some of its tributaries rendered some roads in and near the Blue Mountains impassable. US 12 was closed between Wallula and Touchet because of flooding from the Walla Walla River, as well as between Prescott and Dayton where the Touchet River flowed out of its banks and damaged the levee system.
Many rivers and streams that drain the Blue Mountains eclipsed records that were set during the 1996 Pacific Northwest floods with other spots falling just short of that benchmark. By contrast, rivers draining the east slopes of the Cascades, such as the Yakima only experienced minor flooding because of the orientation of the 2020 atmospheric river and lack of snow on the valley floor.
Northwest Washington and Lower Mainland
Many rivers draining the west slopes of the Cascades north of Interstate 90 flooded. In the north, the Sumas River overtopped levees to inundate the city of Sumas, forcing the closure of State Route 9 and the border crossing it terminates at, connecting that city with Abbotsford, British Columbia. Sumas residents were asked by authorities to delay pumping water from their homes because of high water in parts of town. North of the border, some fields were flooded and Fraser Health issued a notice to calm concerns about naturally occurring asbestos in Sumas River sediment.
Major flooding on the Snohomish River did not reach high enough to impact businesses in Snohomish, but many roads near town were covered by water. As water reced on the Skagit River, it was discovered that a levee protecting Burlington had taken damage and would need to be stabilized. Strong winds in that area also caused many to lose power. By controlling flow through the Howard Hanson Dam, the Army Corps of Engineers kept the Green River from flooding the Seattle suburb of Kent.
Response
Washington governor Jay Inslee proclaimed a state of emergency for 20 counties throughout the state while Oregon governor Kate Brown did the same for Umatilla, Union, and Wallowa Counties. It was noted that the cost of road repairs in Washington alone was expected to reach $3 million. The Oregon Army National Guard was mobilized to rescue residents who were stuck on the slopes of the Blue Mountains above Milton-Freewater due to washed out roads, warning those who stayed behind that it may be several weeks before they would be able to get out otherwise.
After a bridge across Mill Creek washed out southeast of Walla Walla, the volunteer fire department attempted to rescue residents using a converted military vehicle. This got stuck and extra equipment had to be called in to get it out. As a precautionary measure the city of Walla Walla closed some bridges across Mill Creek, but the artificial channel did not overflow and the bridges reopened once the water level dropped.
Among the numerous roads that were damaged by flooding was Interstate 84, the only east–west Interstate in Oregon. Near Echo, the Umatilla River completely covered the road, forcing the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) to close it for a time with some motorists abandoning their vehicles on the road. Once the waters receded, ODOT opened one lane each direction with a lowered speed limit, but full repairs took some time to complete. Six other state highways were closed in northeast Oregon, and it is estimated that the cost of damage in that region was $48 million.
References
2020 natural disasters in the United States
2020 floods in the United States
Floods in Canada
Floods in the United States
Natural disasters in British Columbia
Natural disasters in Oregon
Natural disasters in Washington (state)
History of the Pacific Northwest
2020 floods in North America |
70402957 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floodlines | Floodlines | Floodlines is an eight-part podcast miniseries about Hurricane Katrina hosted by Vann R. Newkirk II and produced by The Atlantic.
Background
The podcast explores how the New Orleans Police Department, the Federal government of the United States, the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the United States Army Corps of Engineers, and the news media in the United States were all responsible for exacerbating the crisis. The first episode focuses on the story of Le-Ann Williams who was a fourteen-year-old girl living in the Sixth Ward of New Orleans during Hurricane Katrina. In one of the episodes Newkirk interviews Michael Brown from the Federal Emergency Management Agency. Comparisons were made by Time magazine between how the George W. Bush administration handled the hurricane to how the Donald Trump administration handled the COVID-19 pandemic.
Production
Vann R. Newkirk II, Katherine Wells, and Alvin Melathe spent a year researching, writing, and producing the eight-part miniseries. The podcast is the first long-form narrative podcast produced by The Atlantic. The whole miniseries was released on March 11, 2020. Each episode is between 22 and 53 minutes long. The podcast used a mix of interviews and archival content.
Reception
During an interview on Fresh Air, Nicholas Quah—a writer for Vulture and the creator of The Verge's podcast newsletter Hot Pods—commented on the show saying that "It's fantastically written, tightly composed and it sounds like a million bucks."
Wesley Morris of The New York Times commented on Newkirk's role in the audio documentary stating that he "narrates and interviews with a warm inquisitiveness and sly skepticism. People seem incapable of being anything less than honest with him." Vince Mancini—the senior film and culture writer for Uproxx—also commented on Newkirk's role, stating that he "does a wonderful job of not just telling stories from in and around Hurricane Katrina ... [but] synthesize[s] them into a fuller understanding of what actually happened".
Awards
See also
List of environmental podcasts
References
External links
Audio podcasts
2020 podcast endings
2020 podcast debuts
Political podcasts
History podcasts
Interview podcasts
The Atlantic (magazine) articles
Documentary podcasts
Environmental podcasts |
70409276 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick%20Solly-Flood | Frederick Solly-Flood | Frederick Solly-Flood may refer to:
Frederick Solly-Flood (British Army officer)
Frederick Solly-Flood (attorney general), his father |
70446095 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floods%20of%202021 | Floods of 2021 | 2021 saw some of the most extreme flooding on record, in large part driven by climate change. The insurance industry analysis group Swiss RE found that 31% of global insurance losses were from flooding, and that nearly a fifth of the economic damage from natural disasters was uninsured.
Significant floods
Australia
China
Europe
India
Uttarakhand
South India
Malaysia
20-21
21-22
North America
Hawaii
Pacific Northwest
See also
Weather of 2021
Tropical cyclones in 2021
Notes
References
2020s floods |
70523047 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%20Bukavu%20floods | 2022 Bukavu floods | In early 2022, heavy rain caused large floods to hit the city of Bukavu, South Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Events
On 22 February 2022, six people including four children died after heavy rain caused flooding.
On 16 March, flooding struck in Bukavu City and surrounding areas of South Kivu Province, on the shores of Lake Kivu and close to the border with Rwanda. Local media reported that homes, roads and vehicles were damaged. Powerful flood waters swept away cars and dumped them into Lake Kivu. One of the worst affected areas was the commune of Kadutu. 10 people were killed and hundreds of homes were destroyed.
References
2022 floods in Africa
2022 disasters in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
February 2022 events in Africa
March 2022 events in Africa
Natural disasters in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Floods |
70529083 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%20KwaZulu-Natal%20floods | 2022 KwaZulu-Natal floods | In April 2022, days of heavy rain across KwaZulu-Natal in southeastern South Africa led to deadly floods. Particularly hard-hit were areas in and around Durban. At least 435 people died across the province, with an unknown number of people missing as of April 22. Several thousand homes were damaged or destroyed. Critical infrastructure, including major roads, transportation, communication, and electrical systems, were also impacted by the flooding, and this damage greatly hampered recovery and relief efforts. It is one of the deadliest disasters in the country in the 21st century, and the deadliest storm since the 1987 floods. The floods have caused more than R17 billion (US$1.57 billion) in infrastructure damage. A national state of disaster was declared.
Background and meteorological history
Owing to the effects of La Niña, South Africa has seen above-average precipitation in 2022. In January, many regions experienced their heaviest rains since reliable records began in 1921. Southern Africa as a whole experienced multiple devastating tropical cyclones and floods in the summer of 2021–22.
Heavy rainfall began around 8 April and persisted for days. On 11 April, a low pressure area evolved near the southeast coast of South Africa from the interaction of an upper-level trough and warmer air near the surface. With warm ocean temperatures and low wind shear, the low developed intense thunderstorms which wrapped around a tight circulation, and the South African Weather Service issuing a level 5 warning for the coast and adjacent interior of KwaZulu-Natal – which was subsequently changed to a level 8 and later a level 9 warning when the impact and scale of the rainfall was better understood. The clockwise flow of the low pressure system brought warm, moist air from the subtropics toward the coast, resulting in heavy rain across KwaZulu-Natal. The most intense precipitation fell in eThekwini, iLembe, and Ugu municipalities. During the period of 8–12 April, most of KwaZulu-Natal saw more than of rain, with coastal areas recording more than . In a 24-hour period spanning 11–12 April, Virginia Airport recorded of precipitation. Areas along the coast of KwaZulu-Natal recorded of precipitation.
On 12 April, the low-pressure system was classified as a subtropical depression and designated Subtropical Depression Issa by Météo-France, due to its structure and presence of gale-force winds. Following its southwestern trajectory along the South African coast and after reaching the northeastern coast of the Eastern Cape on the morning of 13 April, the system turned northward, continuing back along the South African coast in a northeasterly direction before moving out to sea and further weakening.
Impact
The torrential rains destroyed dozens of homes, washed away roads, and triggered mudslides. On 13 April, it was announced that 59 people were killed across KwaZulu-Natal: 45 in eThekwini and 14 in iLembe. Later that day, the number of reported deaths due to the flooding was increased to 450. KwaZulu-Natal Premier Sihle Zikalala stated at least 2,000 homes and 4,000 shanty homes were damaged or destroyed. On April 21, the death toll was revised downward to 435 after several deaths were discovered to be the result of murder and natural causes. Five people were killed in a shantytown near Clare Estate. A woman and three children were killed in oThongathi when their car was swept away by a swollen river. Two people died in Verulam when their home collapsed.
Communication
Damage occurred to the province's mobile phone infrastructure. Vodacom reported 400 towers impacted mostly by electricity outages, flooding and issues with flooded fibre conduiting. MTN claimed 500 sites were affected by flooding and power outages.
Education
Kwazi Mshengu, Member of the Executive Council (MEC) for Education in KZN announced that close to 300 rural and urban schools had been damaged in the storm. The department was still trying to repair damage to schools that had occurred in December 2021. Approximately 100 schools were damaged and 500 were closed throughout the province.
Energy and water
A hydroelectric dam operated by Eskom was overwhelmed by rising waters, rendering it inoperable. Eskom CEO Andre de Ruyter announced on 12 April that rolling blackouts would occur that evening due to issues in the network caused by the excessive rains. At their Drakensberg Pumped Storage Scheme facility, excessive debris on grids protecting the turbines needed clearing and on the Ingula Pumped Storage Scheme, both upper and lower dams were at full capacity and emptying the upper dam could result in flooding. Other issues in KwaZulu Natal were downed power lines and flooded substations.
Umgeni Water, the supplier of water to Durban and KZN, announced that two feeder lines were broken and these two aqueducts supplied water to the Durban Heights reservoir. Repairs were taking place. Water tankers were being used to supply areas without water supplies.
Infrastructure
Damage to infrastructure hampered relief efforts. Aerial support was requested from the South African National Defence Force to assist in recovery. Some looting of damaged shipping containers was reported at the Transnet port. The coastal N2 Highway suffered several washouts, with bridges destroyed. Southbound lanes of the N3 Highway, which connects Durban and Johannesburg, were closed due to flooding and debris. By 13 April, trucks were backlogged on the N3 South from the Mariannhill Toll Plaza back 10 km to Hammarsdale with minor looting taking place as they were unable to enter the port in Durban.
Transnet suspended port operations in Durban. This occurred in the early evening of 11 April, and a command centre made up of Transnet, customers and operators were set up to monitor activities at the port. The heavy rains then damaged the roads leading into the port and on the N3 leading to the city. Shipping into the port had also been suspended. Freight transport companies were told not to send transport cargo to Durban. At the Port of Richards Bay, terminals were operating but in a limited capacity.
Sappi closed three paper mills at Saiccor, Tugela and Stanger, leaving only two others functioning. A Pepkor distribution centre in Durban was closed due to flooding leaving two others in Johannesburg and Cape Town to assist the supply chain. The Amanzimtoti, Umbilo and Umgeni topped their banks, inundating surrounding communities. Shanty towns constructed along the banks of these rivers saw extensive damage. Extensive damage to Bayhead Road, the main access to fuel depots caused numerous petrol stations in KwaZulu-Natal to be without fuel. Major oil companies have also suspended all operations.
Aftermath
On 12 April, after a late emergency meeting of the KwaZulu-Natal provincial executive council, Premier Sihle Zikalala called for a declaration of a state of disaster by the State so his province can access emergency funding. President Cyril Ramaphosa, attending a three-day summit of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) in Maputo, cut short his trip and returned to KwaZulu Natal on 13 April. President Cyril Ramaphosa visited families and local residents affected by the storm and floods in Lindelani, Ntuzuma, eMaoti and uMzinyathi. He was accompanied by KZN Premier Zikalala and Co-operative Governance and Traditional Affairs Minister Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma as well as various mayors and provincial ministers.
On 13 April, a provincial state of disaster was classified in KwaZulu-Natal by the National Disaster Management Centre, specifically referencing the loss of life and damage to property, infrastructure, and the environment as reasons for the declaration.
Early assessments of the damage to the provincial roads in KwaZulu-Natal worth R5.7 billion were announced by transport minister Fikile Mbalula on 15 April. In other assessments, the Human Settlements Minister Mmamoloko Kubayi announced that 13,500 households had been affected by the storm, with over 3,927 houses destroyed and another 8,097 partly destroyed. R1 billion would be used to repair buildings and build temporary shelters.
Due to the heavy rain, communities downstream from two dams in KZN have been warned on 19 April about possible flooding as the dams had reached more than 80% capacity. Water was being released from the Ntshingwayo and Pongolapoort dams to reduce the capacities.
See also
1987 South Africa floods — the deadliest floods on record in South Africa, killing 506 people
2022 Eastern Cape floods
List of deadliest floods
Weather of 2022
Literature
Izidine Pinto et al.: Climate change-exacerbated rainfall causing devastating flooding in Eastern South Africa Online (PDF 2,3 MB), 13/05/2022
References
2022 disasters in South Africa
2022 floods in Africa
April 2022 events in Africa
Cyclones in South Africa
2022
History of Durban
2022
Events in Durban |
70532110 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%20South%20Africa%20floods | 2022 South Africa floods | 2022 South Africa floods may refer to:
2022 Eastern Cape floods, in January
2022 KwaZulu-Natal floods, in April |
70535941 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1987%20South%20Africa%20floods | 1987 South Africa floods | Floods in September 1987 became the deadliest natural disaster in the history of South Africa, with 506 fatalities.
A cut-off low moved across South Africa, fueled by moisture from the southeast. Over a five-day period beginning on September 25, parts of Natal province in eastern South Africa received as much as of rainfall. The heavy rainfall ended on September 29. Over three days, Mtunzini recorded of precipitation. The heaviest rainfall occurred in mountainous areas, causing landslides and flash floods, particularly in rivers. Water levels along the Umgeni River were so high that it washed away an entire island. The Mvoti River swelled to a width of , from its normal width of . There were a total of 506 fatalities related to the event. The floods damaged more than 30,000 houses, leaving more than 50,000 people homeless. Damage was estimated at US$500 million. 14 bridges were washed away. The floods destroyed four aqueducts serving the Durban metropolitan area, leaving people without water. Several rural villages were entirely destroyed. The floods also wrecked fields.
After the floods, officials discouraged drinking water due to the contamination of supply, The military airdropped pamphlets to residents how to purify their water.
See also
2022 KwaZulu-Natal floods - deadly floods in 2022
References
20th-century floods in Africa
1980s floods
1987 natural disasters
1987 in South Africa
Floods in South Africa
1987 disasters in South Africa |
70615535 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe%20Flood%20%28policy%20analyst%29 | Joe Flood (policy analyst) | Joe Flood (born 28 July 1950) is a policy, data analyst and mathematician. He has made contributions to mathematics, housing and urban economics, urban indicators, slum studies, climate change and genetic genealogy.
Flood worked in CSIRO from 1977 to 1993, where he conducted about 25 research projects for every level of government in Australia during 1984-93. His research contributed to several major changes in Australia's housing policy. With university partners, he established the Australian Housing and Urban Research Institute (AHURI) in 1993.
Flood joined UN-Habitat in Nairobi from 1994 to 1996, where he devised a system of urban indicators that was collected in over 250 cities around the world. He was the originator of the City Development Index and the Global Urban Observatory. After leaving the UN, he spent the next ten years on follow-up work on establishing local observatories and indicators, with some housing and urban work in Australia.
From 2010 he has written and lectured extensively on genetic genealogy.
Early life
Joe Flood is the eldest child of poet and playwright Dorothy Hewett, His siblings include Tom Flood and Kate Lilley. His parents eloped in 1949 from Perth to Sydney. Before and after his birth they lived in "Australia's last slum" Redfern. His mother wrote poems and short stories about him as a small child. His boilermaker father Les Flood suffered from untreated schizophrenia, and the family fled to Perth in 1958 as Les became increasingly dangerous.
Flood completed a pure mathematics PhD in category theory and functional analysis at the Australian National University in Canberra in 1975, and wrote several other associated mathematics papers. To support his three children aged under four, he took a job as graduate clerk at the Bureau of Transport Economics, where he worked on a simulation of arid lands, dial-a-bus modelling, and a national rail wagon study. Here he learned computing, simulation modelling and data analysis.
Australian career
In 1977, Flood joined the CSIRO Division of Building Research at Highett, Victoria. Initially he worked on modelling the housing market, but switched to housing policy in 1982. He was one of the first CSIRO scientists to apply for government projects at open tender, and subsequently won nearly 50 research projects on his own behalf or leading teams. His first project, with SIROMATH, examined the employment created by housing construction and the market-purchase of public housing, using multi-regional input-output analysis. The study showed that housing had the best employment multiplier of any industry sector, because of a high labour component and relatively few imports. It was used by advocates to promote spending on public housing.
His most influential project was the 1986 Housing Subsidy Study with Judith Yates, which enumerated about 200 Federal and State housing subsidy programmes in Australia. The study showed the subsidy system was unfairly distributed towards higher income earners and home owners, while private renters were receiving almost no support from government. Through the Cass Review, the Australian government then radically expanded Rent Assistance to low income renters. Rent assistance became after the mid-1990s Australia's largest housing subsidy program, with an annual expenditure of over AU$5 billion in 2022.
In 1988, Flood wrote several reports for the National Housing Policy Review. Up until that time public housing in Australia had been funded by loans from the Commonwealth. He pointed out this was not viable as tenants now had insufficient incomes to meet even basic operating costs and had no money for interest payments. The Commonwealth immediately converted all funding from loans to grants.
In 1992, Flood won a large Commonwealth project to examine changes in internal migration. He found that employment had become a much smaller determinant of migration decisions than in the past, and quality of life had become much more important. With John Roy, he constructed an advanced model of internal migration.
Flood completed other studies in piggery buildings, optimal replacement, industrial location and urban exports. He wrote the first Australian papers on the anticipated effects of climate change on urban areas.
He also provided input to several government inquiries during the period, assisting the House of Representatives and the Productivity Commission. In 1991 he was CSIRO's representative on the Prime Minister's Economically Sustainable Development Task Force (Transport).
By 1993 he was a Principal Research Scientist and leader of housing research at CSIRO. With university partners he won a tender to establish the Australian Housing and Urban Research Institute, and he was appointed as Associate Director and the director of housing research.
Flood became interested in organisation theory and science policy in 1982, and wrote on the changing structure of CSIRO. He became an official of the CSIRO Officer's Association from 1984 to 1993, during crucial battles for science funding and reorganisation. He was elected national Vice-president of the CSIRO Staff Association in 1993. He was also President of the Australian Council of Professional Associations for several years.
He extended his industrial democracy work with CSIRO to a general participatory framework for indicators development, which he explored in 1992 during the National Housing Strategy. He used this system worldwide to develop policy indicators of different kinds, leading to a change in career.
International career
In 1993, Flood was offered the position of inaugural Co-ordinator of the Indicators Programme at UN-Habitat in Nairobi. From 1994 to 1996, the programme developed a comprehensive series of urban indicators covering a range of pro-poor local issues - social outcomes, poverty measurement, infrastructure, housing and governance. The indicators presented an overview of progress in achieving the aims of the Habitat Agenda for the Habitat II Conference in Istanbul. The indicators were then collected in 1995-6 and in 1999 for more than 250 cities, with an emphasis on Africa. At the end of his tenure, the Global Urban Observatory network was established through a resolution of the Commission on Human Settlements.
Returning to Melbourne in 1996, he analysed the Urban Indicators data. He discovered that much of the variation in the data could be explained by a single index, the City Development Index, which is strongly associated with the level of development of a city.
From 2001 to 2006 Flood advised on the establishment of Local Urban Observatories in Ethiopia, Yemen, South Africa, Mexico and Iran.The most successful of these has been in Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia, which was designed by Flood with the support of UNDP, It has extended to a network responsible for monitoring the Hajj pilgrimage.
In 2000-01, Flood managed two large commercial projects on local governance in the Philippines.
In 2003 he edited and partly authored the flagship UN report The Challenge of Slums, which contained a detailed global analysis of the situation in informal and low-income settlements. In 2004 he estimated the worldwide cost of upgrading slums at $200 billion for the UN Millennium Project.
Flood continued to work intermittently with UN-Habitat. In 2012, as part of a review of the Global Shelter Strategy, he examined the housing situation across the Pacific, including Australia and New Zealand. He developed a National Housing Strategy for Myanmar in 2017.
Later life
In Australia from 1996 to 2010, Flood's work included institutional lending models, maintenance in indigenous housing, asset management, factorial ecology, and multinomial analysis of large housing surveys. In 2010 he re-visited work of Yates showing that home ownership continued to fall among younger households in Australia.
From 2015 to 2017 Flood was Research and Policy Adviser for Community Housing Limited, where he worked on an affordable housing project for Rwanda; the wind-down of the National Rental Affordability Scheme; alternative home ownership arrangements; homelessness policy; transitional housing; a furniture industry for Timor Leste; and active management of the housing stock.
Flood has co-ordinated a large international Cornwall DNA group since 2011. He has written a book on Cornwall's history and the Cornish people. He gives talks and courses on DNA, and has written a number of articles on genetic genealogy.
Controversy
Flood has been critical of Australia's housing policy. In 1986, he showed that the popular federal program, the First Home Owner's Scheme (FHOS), was counterproductive unless it was restricted to lower income earners, and might result in house price rises in excess of the amount given as a subsidy to home purchasers. Nevertheless, FHOS continued after 2000 and prices rose more strongly than ever.
In 2004 he became alarmed when the median house price to income ratio rose sharply in Australia, along with overcrowding indicators, while the rate of home ownership began to fall. Initially he attributed this to the increased availability of housing loans to landlords, who were outbidding first home buyers while writing off their mortgage costs against other income. Later he considered that falling global finance costs, and rapid immigration without the necessary supporting infrastructure spending, were also to blame. The practice of charging the costs of infrastructure to developers was also leading to steep residential land price rises in some States. In 2010 he completed an AHURI study showing home ownership was decreasing sharply among younger households. He stated," The country that promised limitless land, cheap housing and near-universal home ownership to all comers now has some of the most expensive housing in the world." He was the subject of a flurry of media attention in South Australia, who were desperate to know if he was forecasting an imminent house price collapse.
Personal life
Flood was married to arts educator and artist Adele Flood from 1972 to 2009, and they had three sons Benjamin, Daniel and Matthew.
He had a fourth son, Nathaniel Cervas, in the Philippines in 2002. Nathaniel developed Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in 2004, a cancer that had killed Flood's elder half-brother in 1950. Flood immediately brought Nathaniel to Melbourne for treatment, but Nathaniel finally died in Melbourne in 2010.
Flood was married to women's cultural arts advocate and nurse Watiri Boylen from 2013 to 2021.
Publications
Flood has published about 150 reports and papers, including:
Books and book-length publications
Free Topological Vector Spaces (University of Warsaw, 1984)
Evaluation of the Impact of Housing Expenditure on Employment (AHRC, 1984)
Housing Subsidy Study (AHRC, 1987)
Financing Public Housing: the Need, the Options and the Risks (DCSH, 1989)
Internal Migration Study (DITAC and CSIRO, 1992)
Australian Urban Exports: An Assessment of the Current Situation (AGPS, 1993)
Environmental Indicators for National State of the Environment Reporting. Human Settlements (DoE, 1998)
Strategic Asset Management Best Practice for Indigenous Housing Organizations (ATSIC, 2000)
Cities Data Book for the Asia Pacific (ADB, 2001)
People's Participation in the Local Development Councils (DILG, 2000)
The Challenge of Slums: Global Report on Human Settlements 2003 (Earthscan, 2003)
Housing Implications of Economic, Social and Spatial Change (AHURI, 2010)
Unravelling the Code: The Coads and Coodes of Cornwall and Devon (Deluge, 2013)
Papers and reports
Mathematics and modelling
Pontryagin duality for topological modules (1979)
Semi-convex geometry (1981)
Optimal investment strategies for renewable facilities (1998)
Housing
Determinants of housing expenditure in Australia (1984) with Gary Butler
Housing subsidies and income distribution (1989) with Judith Yates
Housing subsidies 1990-91 (1991)
China's housing policy 1950-2000: A successful urbanisation? (2003)
Asset management in public housing in Australia (2005)
Institutional investment in housing (1997) with Mike Berry
Multinomial analysis for housing careers (2008)
Global Shelter Strategy to the Year 2000. Review Oceania (2012)
Rental affordability and homelessness in Victoria (2017)
Demographics and urban form
A place for a village: development opportunities for inner Melbourne (1990)
The determinants of internal migration in Australia (1991)
Inter-regional migration modelling via entropy and information theory (1992) with John Roy
Internal migration in Australia: who gains, who loses (1992)
Urban densities in Australian cities (1993)
Sydney divided: factorial ecology revisited (2000)
Costing Target 11: monitoring slum improvement (2003)
Neoliberalism and Australian cities: changes in urban outcomes 1975-2001 (2003)
Sydney: understanding slums (2003)
Indicators
Housing indicators in Australia: a consultative method (1992)
Monitoring Human Settlements Vols 1-4 (1994–95)
Urban and shelter sector performance indicators (1995)
Housing and urban indicators (1996)
Urban and housing indicators (1997)
Urban indicators for Thailand (2000)
Analysis of urban indicators (2001)
Indicators for Local Development Administration, Philippines (2001)
Environment
Greenhouse effect and road infrastructure (1990)
Urban consolidation and the Greenhouse effect (1991)
Costs and benefits of climatic change: some preliminary estimates for the built environment (1991)
The Greenhouse Challenge: implications for the Pacific Rim
Genealogy and population genetics
Using STRs for intra-family Y-DNA comparisons (2014)
Coads of the border (2015)
Miners of Perranzabuloe (2015)
The phylogenealogy of R-L21 (2016)
Haplogroup I1 in Cornwall: advance of the Northmen (2018)
The Drakes of Devon: controversy at court (2019)
Explosion from the steppe? the distributions and origin of the Y-haplogroup R1a (2019)
U106 haplogroup in West Country Britain – the Frisian Diaspora (2020)
Other
The advent of strategic management in CSIRO: a history of change (1984)
Building materials for intensive piggeries (1989)
References
External links
National Housing Conference, 2019. Speaker Dr Joe Flood
Academia, Joe Flood
1950 births
Living people
Australian mathematicians
Australian economists
CSIRO people
Regional scientists
Australian genealogists
United Nations experts
University of Western Australia alumni
Australian National University alumni
Writers from Perth, Western Australia |
70615966 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerala%20floods | Kerala floods | Kerala floods or Kerala flood may refer to:
1341 Floods in Kerala
2018 Kerala floods
2019 Kerala floods
2020 Kerala floods
Great flood of 99 |
70649475 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe%20Flood | Joe Flood | Joe Flood may refer to:
John Joe Flood (1899–1982), footballer
Joe Flood (policy analyst) (born 1950), mathematician, housing economist, indicator specialist, genetic genealogist and author
Joe Flood (musician) (born 1960), musician and songwriter |
70710631 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%20Afghanistan%20floods | 2022 Afghanistan floods | In May 2022, floods affected several parts of Afghanistan, killing 429 people. It was later reported the 182 people died due to flooding in August, as well as 40 people in July and 19 in June. From June to August, just as the country was recovering from an earthquake in Khost Province, floods hit again, killing 19 in June, 39 in July, and 182 others in August.
Impact
Afghanistan has weathered drought and climate change, with low crop yields creating food shortages. This has exacerbated poverty caused by decades of war, a drop in foreign aid and the freezing of assets abroad after the Taliban came back and U.S.-led forces withdrew in August.
May
Flooding in May killed approximately 400 people. The rain and flooding was particularly severe in the provinces of Badghis, Faryab and Baghlan. Hassibullah Shekhani, head of communications and information at Afghanistan's National Disaster Management Authority, said 500 homes have been destroyed and 2,000 more damaged, 300 head of livestock killed and some 3,000 acres of crops damaged. He also stated that the International Committee of the Red Cross was helping and officials would approach other international organisations for help.
June–August
In June, 19 people died due to flooding. A further 39 others were killed in July. Flooding in August killed at least 182 people. Over 3,000 houses were damaged or destroyed due to the floods.
See also
2022 South Asian floods
References
2022 disasters in Afghanistan
2022 floods in Asia
Floods in Afghanistan
May 2022 events in Afghanistan
Climate change in Asia |
70823428 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floodlights%20%28film%29 | Floodlights (film) | Floodlights is a British television film first broadcast on BBC Two on 17 May 2022. The film is about Andy Woodward, a former professional footballer who in 2016 revealed that he was a victim of child sexual abuse by the predatory coach Barry Bennell. Woodward is played by Gerard Kearns and his younger self by screen debutant Max Fletcher, and Bennell by Jonas Armstrong. The film was praised for the acting by its three leads, and how it conveyed the emotional pain of abuse without showing it on screen.
Plot
Andy Woodward is a gifted young football defender from Stockport who attracts the attention of Barry Bennell. Bennell, who has moved from Manchester City to Crewe Alexandra, is regarded as one of the best youth coaches in the game. He convinces Woodward's parents through his charisma and promises the boy to make him rich and lift his family out of poverty. Woodward and other boys stay for a sleepover at the coach's house, which is full of video games and other entertainment. Bennell says that Woodward must sleep with him as there are no other beds. In bed, Bennell initiates a touching game which concludes with the boy touching his genitalia. Bennell continues his cycle of abuse over Woodward by freezing him out the team whenever the boy repels his assaults.
In the late 1990s, Woodward is playing well professionally for Bury under manager Neil Warnock, when he is approached by police detectives. Bennell is due to return to Britain after serving a sentence for crimes in the United States, and the police see Woodward as a key witness for their investigation. He submits an anonymised report that leads to Bennell being jailed in England. Woodward's mental health deteriorates as a result of the relived trauma, and his professional career unravels. He visits his abuser in prison, speaking of his intention to sue Crewe Alexandra. Bennell says that Woodward is chasing money for his failed career, and that he never complained about the abuse at the time.
In the 2010s, Woodward is dismissed from the Greater Manchester Police for a sexual relationship with a woman for whom he was a family liaison officer. He reaches out to a childhood teammate on Facebook to talk about the historical abuse, but when he is added by Bennell under his post-prison alias Richard Jones, he attempts suicide. Woodward contacts Guardian journalist Daniel Taylor, wishing to reveal his story anonymously like The Observers Secret Footballer. Taylor then convinces him that lives could be saved if Woodward goes public with the story.
Cast
Gerard Kearns as Andrew Woodward
Jonas Armstrong as Barry Bennell
Morven Christie as Jean Woodward
Max Fletcher as Young Woody
Steve Edge as Terry Woodward
Neil Bell as DS Haleford
Mark Holgate as DC Blakefield
Antony Byrne as Neil Warnock
Krissi Bohn as DCI Bakewell
DC Grace Jessica as Baglow
Production
Woodward said that he admired the film Spotlight about the Catholic Church sexual abuse cases but found it to be focused too much on journalists and not on victims. He worked with the screenwriter Matt Greenhalgh to make a film focusing on the emotional journey of victims of child sexual abuse.
Jonas Armstrong was going to audition for the part of Woodward but was eventually convinced by his agent to take the role of Bennell. Armstrong said that he had to portray Bennell's charisma that charmed the parents and children, but also the "demon within him". Woodward said that Armstrong's acting was so similar to Bennell that his sister, who in real life married the coach, was sickened by it.
While the film portrays Woodward having to touch Bennell's genitalia, no abuse is shown in graphic detail. Greenhalgh said that viewers would know what was happening, and said that he had switched off the BBC series Three Girls about the Rochdale child sex abuse ring because of graphic content.
Reception
Stuart Jeffries of The Guardian gave the film four stars out of five, praising the acting by Armstrong, Fletcher and Kearns. He criticised the pacing at the end, considering it to have gone too quickly through Woodward's post-football career. The same rating was given by Sean O'Grady for The Independent, who noted that Armstrong's portrayal of Bennell was enough to menace the audience without abuse being shown on screen.
Further positive reviews came from The Daily Telegraph, The Times, the i (five stars) and the Financial Times.
See also
United Kingdom football sexual abuse scandal
References
British association football films
Films about child sexual abuse
2022 drama films
2022 films
Sexual assault in sports
British sports drama films |
70927128 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%20Northeastern%20Brazil%20floods%20and%20mudslides | 2022 Northeastern Brazil floods and mudslides | Floods and mudslides occurred in the Northeast region of Brazil in 2022. Its cause was the rains that hit mainly the state of Pernambuco, but also Sergipe, Alagoas, Paraíba and Rio Grande do Norte. Precipitation volumes surpassed the historical monthly average in several cities in just three days.
By state
Pernambuco
Pernambuco was the most affected state. Between 28 and 29 May, the city of Recife was on red alert from the National Institute of Meteorology (Inmet) — which means a high volume of precipitation (more than 60mm per hour or 100mm in a day) and a high possibility of accidents. In 24 hours, the Recife metropolitan area, the Zona da Mata and the Agreste of Pernambuco registered rainfall of more than 100 millimeters.
The municipalities of Itapissuma and Itaquitinga recorded more rain, from 6 am on May 27 to 6 am on May 28, than the total forecast for the entire month of May. Recife, Olinda, Jaboatão dos Guararapes, São Lourenço da Mata, Igarassu and Abreu e Lima and at least twelve other municipalities recorded rainfall of more than 200 mm in 24 hours.
The death toll in Greater Recife alone reached 106 and, to date, another 10 people remain missing. In Jardim Monte Verde alone, in the Ibura neighborhood (south of Greater Recife), at least 21 people died. In addition, another 4,000 people were left homeless because of the rains.
Alagoas
The state was also impacted by heavy rains, with more than 10,000 people homeless and another 3,000 homeless. It rained in the capital Maceió, more than 250 mm of precipitation, which exceeded the historical monthly average of the place. At least 33 municipalities in the state are in a state of emergency.
Government reaction
State
The governor of Pernambuco, Paulo Câmara, anticipated the appointment of 92 new soldiers from the Pernambuco Military Fire Brigade to reinforce the relief work for the victims of the rains and released 100 million reais for rescue operations. The government declared a situation of emergency, as well as 14 municipalities in the Greater Recife metropolitan region and also requested the support of the Northeastern Military Command for the search and rescue service. The city of Recife has opened schools and day care centers to receive families in need.
Federal
On the day of the tragedy, President Jair Bolsonaro made 1 billion reais available for emergency aid and for rebuilding houses. On May 30, 2022, the president flew over the scene of the tragedy in a helicopter, but failed to land.
See also
Late December 2021 Bahia floods
2022 Brazil floods and landslides
References
2020s floods in Brazil
2022 disasters in Brazil
2022 floods in South America
Landslides in Brazil
Landslides in 2022
May 2022 events in Brazil |
70935080 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%20India%E2%80%93Bangladesh%20floods | 2022 India–Bangladesh floods | Beginning in May 2022, deadly floods hit northeastern India and Bangladesh. Over 9 million people in both countries have been affected, and around 300 people have been killed.
, millions of people across the affected areas are reported to be in urgent need of food and medicine.
Background
Bangladesh and northeastern India, especially Assam, are mainly flat floodplains with numerous rivers flowing across them, the most prominent of which are the Ganga (called Padma in Bangladesh) and Brahmaputra (called Jamuna in Bangladesh). Other major river systems in the region include the Barak-Surma-Kushiyara river system, which flows through northeastern Bangladesh and the Barak Valley of Assam. Due to the large volumes of water coming from the Himalayas and the heavy monsoon rains, flooding is a regular occurrence in this region. At the time of the floods, a La Nina event was active in the Pacific meaning India and Bangladesh would receive heavier monsoon showers. Beginning in May 2022, deadly floods hit northeastern India and Bangladesh. Over 9 million people in both countries have been affected, and around 150 have been killed.[1][2]
2022 India–Bangladesh floods
Date
23 May 2022 to present
Location
India (Assam, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, Tripura): Bangladesh (Sylhet, Mymensingh, Rangpur, Rajshahi divisions)
Cause
Heavy monsoon rains
Deaths
250+
India:
Assam: 170+
Other northeastern states: 30+
Bangladesh: 80+
Property damage
India:
4,000+ villages
113,000 hectares of crop area
Bangladesh:
53,000 hectares of crop area
Website
[1]
Millions of people across the affected areas are reported to be in urgent need of food and medicine.[3]
Around 40% of Assam's area is a flood plain, which is also roughly 10% of India's total flood-prone area. According to ISRO, nearly 30% of Assam's land area have been flooded at least once from 1998 to 2015. Heavy rainfall and settling of sediments plays a major role in rising the water level of the Brahmaputra river and its tributaries. Also, according to a survey, the Brahmaputra have widening yearly due to erosion, which also makes the flooding worse.
Events
India
Assam Floods
Assam Floods 2022 ( অসমীয়া (Assamese) : - অসমৰ বানপানী ২০২২) is one of the worst floods ever seen in Assam in the decade which lasted for almost 7 Months ( From April 2022 to October 2022 ) in a series of waves.
The main causes for the floods are the Pre-Monsson rains which were started from 6 April 2022 across the state and the Monsoon Season there after.
In total around 5.6 million people got affected, 4.7 million people got displaced, Crop land of 108,308 Hectares got damaged, 3,660,173 animals got affected and 32 districts in the state : - Bajali, Baksa, Barpeta, Biswanath, Bongaigaon, Cachar, Chirang, Darrang, Dhemaji, Dhubri, Dibrugarh, Dima Hasao, Goalpara, Golaghat, Hailakandi, Hojai, Kamrup, Kamrup (Metro), Karbi Anglong, West Karbi Anglong , Karimganj, Kokrajhar, Lakhimpur, Majuli, Morigaon, Nagaon, Nalbari, Sivasagar, Sonitpur, South Salmara, Tamulpur, Tinsukia and Udalguri got affected by the floods. .
Impact
The first wave of the floods, caused by the excessive rains in May 2022, due to which flooding was seen in 27 districts. Soil erosion happened in large scale across various places in the state. Around 670,000 people got affected by the first wave.
The second wave of the floods, which lasted from June 2022 to September 2022, due to "Monsoon season", caused the Brahmaputra, Barak and other major rivers in the state to overflow which eroded the river banks and also the houses present their. Around 1,100 houses got completely destroyed
and 7,000 houses got partially damaged. Landslides were also observed in 6 districts: - Dima Hasao, Goalpara, Kamrup, Kamrup (Metro), Morigaon and Cachar. Over 90,000 people got affected in the second wave of the floods.
The third wave of the floods, the last wave, in October 2022, caused the low-lying areas near the riverbanks to get flooded with rainwater and again extensive erosion was observed. Around 70,000 people got affected in the third wave.
Several Japanese encephalitis cases were reported across the state during the floods which raised the fear of spread of Water Borne Diseases across the state.
Assam's second largest city, Silchar, have been inundated for six days.
Railway lines were also affected due to flooding and landslides.
Rescue Operations
In response to the floods, the Union Government of India made an Inter Ministerial Central Team (IMCT) which visited the flood hit areas two times, 26 May 2022 to 29 May 2022 and 30 June 2022 to 3 July 2022 respectively and conducted surveys to estimate the losses caused by the flood. The Union Government after that dispatched a financial aid of ₹648.48 crore to Assam Government to provide shelter to those who lost their homes in the floods.
The Indian Arm Forces, National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) and State Disaster Response Force of Assam (SDRF) started conducting relief and rescue operations from June 2022.
The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent (IFRC) allocated 621,547 CHF (Swiss Franc) to the Indian Red Cross Society (IRCS) to conduct relief operations and distribute relief materials like food, water, mosquito nets, hygienic kits etc. In total, over 4,075 relief camps and 5,802 relief distribution centers were established.
Others
Another spurt of heavy rains hit the state in June. By 17 June 2022, it was reported that 20 people had been killed in floods and landslides in Assam and 18 in Meghalaya. The hill stations of Cherrapunji and Mawsynram recorded their highest rainfall since the 1940s. In Arunachal Pradesh, heavy rains and landslides have affected many districts across the state and have killed one and resulted in three missing.
In Tripura, flooding in several rivers has caused 12,000 people to leave their homes.
As of 21 June, the death toll increased above 130 in northeast India. 18% of Kaziranga National Park have been submerged. More than 6 lakh people have been affected in Meghalaya.
18 people have died in Arunachal Pradesh.
In August, at least 36 people died in floods in Himachal Pradesh. Four people were killed and 13 were missing in the neighbouring state of Uttarakhand.
Bangladesh
In Bangladesh, floods from the Barak and Kushiyara rivers have mainly impacted the northeastern Sylhet and Sunamganj districts and as of 20 June have killed over 32 people. The floods have submerged over 53,000 hectares of agricultural land, damaging the crops. After the area was submerged in water, many fish could be seen floating from the flooded ponds and reservoirs. Due to the floods, the teaching activities of 640 educational institutions in Sylhet have been disrupted. In Sylhet district 55 unions were completely and 15 unions were partially flooded. On 22 May, it was reported that the flood situation in Sylhet had not changed much. There is a shortage of clean water in the flood-hit areas. Dams in different areas are weakened by severe floods. In June, at least 500 villages in different parts of Sylhet district were damaged and at least four lakh people were stranded. Power supply has been cut off in Sylhet and Sunamganj districts. As of June 18, the flood situation in the Sylhet region has further deteriorated.
The Bangladesh Army is working to help with the second phase of flood situation of Sylhet in June. Secondary School Certificate exams to be held in the country have been cancelled due to deteriorating flood situation. Operations at Osmani International Airport and Sylhet railway station have been suspended due to flood waters entering the airport and station area.
In northern Bangladesh, the Teesta and Jamuna have both risen, flooding large parts of Lalmonirhat and Kurigram districts.
On 20 June, Reuters reported that the flooding had stranded over nine million people, including 45 lakh in Bangladesh and 47 lakh in Assam.
See also
2020 Assam floods
2012 Assam floods
2022 Manipur landslide
References
External links
May 2022 events in India
Floods in India
2022 floods in Asia
2020s in Assam
Brahmaputra River
Disasters in Assam
2022 disasters in India
Floods in Bangladesh |
70942736 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Flood%20%28Al-Fay%E1%B8%8D%C4%81n%29 | The Flood (Al-Fayḍān) | The Flood () is the 1975 short story collection by the Syrian writer Ḥaidar Ḥaidar. The collection includes 11 short stories, all revolving around the suppression and oppression faced by Arab countries post liberation revolutions. Similar to his other works, Ḥaidar Ḥaidar employs stream-of-consciousness in his collection, where he focuses on the psychology of the Arab world and the inner machinations of nationalistic pioneers.
Stories in the collection
11 short stories make up the collection:
Al-Namlu Wal Qat ()
Al-Rihan ()
Al-Zawaghan (The Illusion)
Ughniya Ḥazina Li Rajulin Kana Ḥayyan ()
Man Allathi Yathkuru Al-Ghaba? ()
Ṣamtu An-Nar ()
Al-Ightiyal ()
Al-Fayḍān ()
Al-Juuʿ Wal Luṣuṣ Wal Qatala ()
Al-Barabira ()
Wishaḥun Wardiyun Li Rajulin Waḥid ()
Author's statements
Ḥaidar Ḥaidar attributes his use of stream-of-consciousness to his childhood, for he stated that the recollections of childhood put him in a state closer to dreams than reality. He also critiqued traditional Arabic narratives, saying that they simplify reality by narrating it as it is without looking at the inner machinations of the characters. Despite being Syrian, Ḥaidar Ḥaidar looks at all Arab countries as a single united cause. His narratives are often cynical; however, he does not look at the tragedy of Arab countries as inevitable and unchangeable; contrarily, he frames reality as changeable and reformable, and necessarily so. His short story collection, ‘The Flood’, embodies those features.
Complete works of Ḥaidar Ḥaidar
A Feast for the Seaweeds () (Novel)
The Desolate Time () (Novel)
The Mirrors of Fire () (Novel)
Elgies of Days: Three Stories on Death () (Novel)
Immigration of Swallows () (Novel)
Al-Fahd () (Novel)
Al-Fayḍān () (Short Stories)
Ighwā’ () (Short Stories)
Al-Wuʿul (The Deer) (Short Stories)
Al-Wamḍ () (Short Stories)
Al-Tamawujāt () (Two Stories)
Awraqul Manfa: Shahadatun Ḥawla Zamanuna ()
References
Syrian short stories
Syrian short story collections
Syrian literature |
70946800 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood%20%28Stella%20Donnelly%20album%29 | Flood (Stella Donnelly album) | Flood is the second studio album by Welsh-Australian musician Stella Donnelly, released on 26 August 2022 by Secretly Canadian. It was written while travelling around Australia before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, with its lyricism a product of "hard months of introspection, and a lot of transition". Flood was supported by three singles and an international tour from September 2022 until April 2023.
The album received critical acclaim and peaked at number 29 on the ARIA albums chart. In 2023, Flood was shortlisted for the Welsh Music Prize.
Background
Following the success of her 2019 debut studio album Beware of the Dogs, Donnelly moved around the country amidst the COVID-19 pandemic and wrote as much as 43 songs during the travel. She became obsessed with birdwatching and became an ambassador for BirdLife Australia in 2021.
Flood is described by Donnelly as the product of "months of risky experimentation, hard months of introspection, and a lot of transition". The songwriting is set to involve discussion of “relationships, be them familial, romantic or platonic”, with the artist explaining her interest in "observing human dynamics".
Release and promotion
Singles
On 10 May 2022, Donnelly premiered lead single "Lungs" live on Triple J, and announced the release date for Flood of 26 August 2022. A music video for the song was also released, directed by herself and Duncan Wright. The title track "Flood" was released as the second single on 21 June 2022. Third single "How Was Your Day?" was released on 3 August 2022.
Tour
Donnelly embarked on the Flood World Tour on 11 September 2022, but performed two legs around Europe prior, supporting Australian band Rolling Blackouts Coastal Fever on their tour for 26 shows.
The first leg of the Flood World Tour consisted of 14 shows in North America from September to October. She travelled to the United Kingdom and Ireland to perform nine shows in November, and then seven across Europe. Donnelly then played five shows in Japan and Seoul from November to December 2022.
Beginning in February 2023, the Australian leg of the tour had a number of shows in New South Wales cancelled due to medical issues. She concluded the tour on 1 April 2023 in Margaret River, Western Australia, having completed almost 70 shows in total.
Critical reception
According to Metacritic, Flood has received "generally favourable reviews". Laura Snapes of Pitchfork praised the album for exploring "how we seek and create safety, which she essays with captivating tenderness". Rhian Daly of NME, in a four-star review, called it a "beautiful, thought-provoking" album, containing "soft, lush pieces that deep-dive into life’s everyday moments and turn them into something extraordinary". Writing for The Guardian, Giselle Au-Nhien Nguyen called Flood "awash with vivid imagery", "deeply personal" and wrote "while Flood is overall darker than the musician’s past work, there’s still a lot of joy to be found".
Track listing
All tracks written by Stella Donnelly; "Move Me" co-written by Joe Russo. All tracks produced by Donnelly and Anna Laverty, unless otherwise noted.
Personnel
Musicians
Stella Donnelly – vocals, piano , synth , guitar , lap steel , xylophone , writing, producer
Jack Arnett – saxophone
Jeniffer Aslett – bass , backing vocals
George Foster – piano , guitar , acoustic guitar , backing vocals , drums
Jack Gaby – guitar , piano , backing vocals , synth , lap steel , drum machine
Broderick Madden-Scott – backing vocals
Joe Russo – writing
Thom Stewart – backing vocals
Marcel Tussie – drums and percussion , backing vocals
Julia Wallace – fluegelhorn , backing vocals
Jake Webb – guitar
Technical
Jack Arnett – studio assistant
Anna Laverty – producer
Broderick Madden-Scott – engineer
Lesse Marhaug – mixing
Stephan Mathieu – mastering
Jordan Shakespeare – studio assistant
Jake Webb – producer
Promotional
Emma Daisy – photography
Tom Hunt – artwork photography
Miles Johnson – cover art
Olivia Senior – photography
Charts
Release history
References
2022 albums
Music in Perth, Western Australia
Stella Donnelly albums
Secretly Canadian albums |
70957122 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local%20flood%20theory | Local flood theory | The Local flood theory or a limited flood theory is an interpretation of the Genesis flood narrative, where the flood of Noah is interpreted as a local event, generally located in Mesopotamia, instead of a global event.
Some old Earth creationists reject flood geology, a position which leaves them open to accusations that they thereby reject the infallibility of scripture (which states that the Genesis flood covered the whole of the earth). In response, old Earth creationists cite verses in the Bible where the words "whole" and "all" clearly require a contextual interpretation.
Background and history
19th century
The local flood interpretation of Noah's flood became accepted by many Christians after 19th century scientific findings . The view was defended by 19th century Scottish geologist Charles Lyell, in his book Principles of Geology (1833), where he concluded that the Genesis flood must have been a regional affair and not a global deluge.
Creationist view
Young Earth Creationist organizations such as Answers in Genesis and Institute for Creation Research have criticized a local flood theory, as faulty exegesis.
However, Old Earth creationist Dr Hugh Ross has defended the local flood theory, and promoted the view in his book "Navigating Genesis".
Evidence of real floods that inspired the Biblical story
There exists geological evidence that a large local flood did happen in Mesapotamia, additionally extra biblical writings such as Gilgamesh and the Epic of Atrahasis suggest that a local flood happened in ancient Mesapotamia.
References
Flood narrative
Comparative mythology
Flood myths
Mesopotamian myths
Noach (parashah) |
71039255 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%20Montana%20floods | 2022 Montana floods | In June 2022, the U.S. state of Montana was hit by heavy, damaging floods in multiple major watersheds including the Yellowstone River. Heavy rain and melting snow over the weekend June 10–13 caused large areas of Yellowstone National Park to be evacuated. On June 14, the water plant in Billings was temporarily shut down. Many houses were damaged as a result, and a number of roads and bridges were destroyed by floodwaters.
The National Weather Service said that heavy rain on top of melting mountain snow pushed the Yellowstone, Stillwater and Clarks Fork rivers to record levels and triggered rock and mudslides. The Montana National Guard said that 87 people had been airlifted by helicopter to safety. Cities and towns affected include Gardiner, Fromberg, Livingston, Red Lodge. On Monday, June 13 Governor Greg Gianforte verbally authorized Lt Governor Kristen Juras to declare a state of emergency. Governor Gianforte was vacationing in Italy, and returned Thursday, June 16. On June 16, the Federal Emergency Management Agency announced that federal disaster assistance has been made available to the state of Montana.
On June 18, it was reported that heavier flooding is expected to reach Billings and other areas in Eastern Montana. The flooding so far has reportedly caused $29 million in damage.
Multiple watersheds impacted
Yellowstone River headwaters
The Carbella Bridge, which crossed the Yellowstone River was destroyed.
Stillwater River
Homes near Absarokee were threatened when the Stillwater River flooded, eroding the riverbanks. Extensive flooding of the river also affected Nye and Fishtail.
Clarks Fork of the Yellowstone
On June 13, Rock Creek, a tributary of the Clarks Fork of the Yellowstone, flooded Red Lodge, Montana damaging roads, bridges and buildings.
Missouri River headwaters
Fishing Access Sites along the Madison River near Ennis, Montana and several roads near tributary creeks were closed due to flooding in the Madison River watershed. The Ruby River in the Jefferson River watershed experienced flooding, closing roads above and below Ruby Reservoir near Alder, Montana.
Flathead River
A 43-year-old man was killed in a rafting incident on the Flathead River on June 21. High water levels and debris have reportedly made the river dangerous.
Yellowstone National Park
On June 14, 2022, Yellowstone National Park shut down all of its entrances, and began evacuation of approximately 10,000 visitors currently in the park. The National Park Service had stated that many parts, including the North part of Yellowstone, would be closed for "a substantial length of time". Flood damage, mostly road washouts and mudslides, were extensive on the Yellowstone River headwaters of Soda Butte Creek, Lamar River and Gardner River. Multiple road washouts in the Gardner River canyon made the park inaccessible from the Northern Entrance road, including park administrative, maintenance and concessionaire facilities in Gardiner.
References
2022 in Montana
Yellowstone National Park
June 2022 events in the United States
2022 floods in the United States
Natural disasters in Montana |
71219913 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%20New%20South%20Wales%20floods | 2022 New South Wales floods | Heavy flooding broke out in the Central Coast and Sydney areas of New South Wales, Australia, beginning in early July 2022. Around 85,000 people were displaced by the flooding or requested to leave their homes by authorities. The floods' damage was significant because rain fell on land that was already saturated after months of previous heavy rainfall. It was the third major flood in 2022 for some areas in the eastern seaboard.
Impact
The LGAs that were declared a natural disaster were: Blacktown, Blue Mountains, Camden Council, Canterbury-Bankstown, Campbelltown, Central Coast, Cessnock, Fairfield, Georges River, Hawkesbury, Hornsby, Kiama, Lithgow, Northern Beaches, Penrith, Shellharbour, Shoalhaven, Sutherland, The Hills, Wingecarribee, Wollondilly and Wollongong, with Bayside, Dungog, Lake Macquarie, Maitland, Singleton and Upper Lachlan being later included in the list as the scope of the disaster expanded.
Sydney
On 3 July, after prolonged rainfall in the Sydney area and the wettest start to the year on record, the Hawkesbury River at Windsor peaked at 14 metres, the highest in decades. More than 150 evacuation orders and warnings were given in the area, in addition to over 140 rescues and 19,000 homes losing power. Warragamba dam also had a major spillage with 515 gigalitres of water flowing down its walls. Some regions, such as Lansvale and Camden in Western Sydney experienced their worst flooding disasters in four decades, with floodwaters in Windsor reaching their highest point since 1978. Around 4,000 houses and businesses in the Hawkesbury region were out of power.
Hundreds of homes were submerged in western Sydney, causing trouble for 50,000 people, with tens of thousands being displaced. New South Wales Premier Dominic Perrottet urged people to "not be complacent" in the fourth flood emergency in 16 months. A cargo ship called The Portland Bay went missing for two days straight and was on the verge of shipwreck before it was finally rescued and eventually towed to Sydney. The total damage of the storms is still unclear. At least one person, a male resident of Sydney, was killed by the floods.
On 8 July, wooden and plastic debris, in addition to leaked oil containers, a spa and refrigerators were among the rubble drifting 100 kilometres down the Hawkesbury River, which turned up on beaches in Sydney's north, disrupting ferry services.
Hunter Region
On 5 July, as the low moved north, residents of Broke, as well as 6,000 other people in the Hunter Region, were ordered to evacuate. Wollombi, Bulga and Broke were cut off and isolated by the floodwaters. The Hunter River in Singleton had peaked at 13.71m on 7 July, surpassing the flood levels of March 2022.
Meteorology
Some areas of the Illawarra, near Wollongong, received more than in three days and others in Sydney received around eight months of rain in four days. Camden, in Sydney's southwest, received of rain between July 2 and 3, with Sydney CBD accumulating over the span of four days. The July flood event was the fourth major flood to strike Western Sydney in less than two years, with the weekend (July 2–3) receiving as much rainfall as Melbourne, Canberra or London generally receive in a year. The heaviest amount had fallen in Brogers Creek, where of rain fell in four days. Taree recorded its wettest day on record, registering on the gauge from the 24 hours to 9am July 7, with records dating back to 1881.
The rain bomb was caused by a tropical moisture (or an atmospheric river) that arrived from northern Australia which interacted with a low pressure trough on the New South Wales coast and later became an east coast low. Global warming and the consequential ocean heating was a contributing factor to this event.
Social media, such as TikTok, saw the rise of conspiracy theories claiming that the floods were caused by "weather manipulation" and "cloud seeding" to "weaponise the weather against its own people". Conspiracy theorists shared a 2016 news story from Seven News which reported Tasmanian residents fearing that the state's worst floods in 40 years could have been linked to cloud seeding operated by Hydro Tasmania. However, these claims were quickly dismissed by experts.
Aftermath
Disaster payments were made available from 6 July as the state declared natural disaster funding for 29 local government areas across Greater Sydney, the Hawkesbury, Hunter Valley, Central Coast and Illawarra. Prime minister Anthony Albanese and NSW premier Dominic Perrottet both visited flood-ravaged sites in northwest Sydney. A study in 2021 initiated by the government stated that raising the Warragamba Dam wall was the best choice for minimising risk to life, property damage and cost.
See also
2021 eastern Australia floods
2022 eastern Australia floods
2022 south eastern Australia floods
Severe storm events in Sydney
2022 Australian Rainfall Records
References
New South Wales floods
2022 floods in Oceania
Floods
New South Wales floods
Disasters in Sydney
Floods in New South Wales |
71243318 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%20Silchar%20Floods | 2022 Silchar Floods | The 2022 Silchar Floods were floods that occurred in the state of Assam, India beginning 19 June 2022 as a part of 2022 Assam–Bangladesh floods due to a breach of dyke of the Barak River at Bethkundi. The flooding affected 5.4 million people across 32 districts and caused the deaths of over 200 people across the effected districts. Silchar town, located just 1 km from the dyke was the worst affected, with 90 percent of the town underwater. While there are several reasons that caused the floods in the region to the extent that it did, there is a definite man-made aspect to the degree of damage that it caused. The Chief Minister of Assam, Himanta Biswa Sharma also noted this in his address to the people.
On 2 July, one man named Kabul Khan was arrested for breaching the embankment which caused the floods. He had also taken a video of the breach. By 6 July, 3 more people were arrested for the deed. The Chief Minister of Assam Himanta Biswa Sarma said that the flood was a man made calamity and those responsible would face a harsh punishment. He termed the act as a sabotage.
Silchar town remained submerged for 11 days, with water rising up to in some places.
References
Floods in India
2022 floods in Asia
Man-made disasters in India
June 2022 events in India
Disasters in Assam
2022 disasters in India
Silchar |
71257592 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%20Amarnath%20floods | 2022 Amarnath floods | On 8 July 2022, flood caused by a cloudburst in Amarnath killed at least 16 people and left at least 40 of others missing.
References
2022 floods in Asia
2022 disasters in India
July 2022 events in India
Floods in India
Anantnag district
Disasters in Jammu and Kashmir |
71276240 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%20Pakistan%20floods | 2022 Pakistan floods | From 14 June to October 2022, floods in Pakistan killed 1,739 people, and caused ₨ 3.2 trillion ($14.9 billion) of damage and ₨ 3.3 trillion ($15.2 billion) of economic losses. The immediate causes of the floods were heavier than usual monsoon rains and melting glaciers that followed a severe heat wave, both of which are linked to climate change.
On 25 August, Pakistan declared a state of emergency because of the flooding.
The flooding was the world's deadliest flood since the 2020 South Asian floods and described as the worst in the country's history. It was also recorded as one of the costliest natural disasters in world history.
Background
The minister of climate change of Pakistan, Sherry Rehman, said that the provinces of Sindh and Balochistan had received more rainfall than the August average, with 784% and 500% more, respectively. Higher than average monsoon rains were also recorded in India and Bangladesh. The Indian Ocean is one of the fastest warming oceans in the world, warming by an average of (while worldwide temperatures are now at above pre-industrial temperatures, oceans in general are at around ). The rise in sea surface temperatures is believed to increase monsoon rainfall. In addition, southern Pakistan experienced back-to-back heat waves in May and June, which were record-setting and themselves made more likely by climate change. These created a strong thermal low that brought heavier rains than usual. The heatwaves also triggered glacial flooding in Gilgit-Baltistan.
Pakistan contributes less than 1% of global greenhouse gas emissions, but is one of the places most vulnerable to climate change. A study by an international team of climate scientists says that global heating made the flooding up to 50% worse and future floods more likely. However, some of the contributors to the severity of the flooding are local to the country. Deforestation in Pakistan has also been a factor worsening the floods.
Impact
1,739 people died, including 647 children, and an additional 12,867 were injured. Over 2.1 million people were left homeless because of the floods. These are the deadliest floods in Pakistan since 2010, when nearly 2,000 died in flooding, and the deadliest in the world since the 2020 South Asian floods. On 29 August, Sherry Rehman, the minister of climate change, claimed that "one-third" of the country was underwater, and there was "no dry land to pump the water out", adding that it was a "crisis of unimaginable proportions". Her claim received widespread media coverage. In contrast, the UNOSAT United Nations Satellite Centre reported that 75,000km2 had been flooded (around 9% of Pakistan) with USAID stating a maximum floodwater extent of 32,800 square miles (around 10% of Pakistan). A BBC report estimated that around 10–12% of Pakistan was flooded; the total area of standing floodwaters peaked between July and August at approximately . Agricultural fields were also devastated by the flooding.
The floods affected 33 million people in Pakistan and destroyed 897,014 houses and damaged another 1,391,467. 1,164,270 livestock have been killed, most of them in the province of Balochistan, while destruction to of roads and 439 bridges has impeded access across flood-affected areas. Over 22,000 schools were damaged or destroyed.
Government officials estimated at least $30 billion of reconstruction costs and economic damage, equivalent to about 10% of GDP. A needs assessment led by the Ministry of Planning, Development and Special Initiatives and conducted jointly with the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the European Union (EU), the United Nations agencies with technical facilitation by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), and the World Bank concluded that damages exceed $14.9 billion. Economic losses were estimated to reach about $15.2 billion, and estimated needs for rehabilitation and reconstruction in a resilient way are at least $16.3 billion.
Aid workers warned that lack of clean drinking water caused an increase in waterborne diseases, namely diarrhea, cholera, dengue, and malaria. Skin infections caused by wet conditions have also been widely reported.
Sindh
Floods in Sindh killed 799 people and injured 8,422. Among the 338 children killed were three who died when the roof of their house collapsed in Kandhkot. 10 million people have been displaced in Sindh and 57,496 houses were severely damaged or completely destroyed, mostly in the Hyderabad Division, and 830 cattle were killed. of farmland have been swept away by the floods.
The Larkana and Sukkur divisions were severely affected by the floods; Thari Mirwah and Khairpur Nathan Shah were "inundated". The floods have turned the Indus River into a lake 100 km (62 mi) wide. The towns of Johi and Mehar were saved by their residents making ring bands around their towns.
In Jacobabad, which has been called the world's hottest city, more than 40,000 people are living in temporary shelters with limited access to food, with 19 dead from the flooding as of 31 August.
During the floods, Lake Manchar overflowed, and in September 2022 efforts were made to assist its drainage.
In the Dadu District, floodwater reportedly submerged 300 villages.
The Sindh provincial government confirmed, on 16 September 2022, 588 cases of malaria, with a further 10,604 suspected cases, as well as 17,977 cases of diarrhea, and 20,064 of skin disease. Since 1 July, a total of 2,300,000 patients have been treated for malaria in field and mobile hospitals. A high of 90,000 cases of diarrhea were reported in a single day on 1 September.
Balochistan
Flooding in Balochistan killed 336 people. In many areas, rainwater infiltrated many homes and made them uninhabitable. Many families were displaced. 426,897 houses have either been damaged or completely destroyed, and of crops were lost. An estimated half-million livestock have also been killed.
According to the Relief Commissioner Provincial Disaster Management, Balochistan's capital Quetta has been declared a disaster area due to rains, and an emergency had been declared in the province. Many organisations took part in relief, including Balochistan Youth Action Committee
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
309 people died and 600,000 others were displaced by floods. Among them were five children in Upper Dir District; they had been returning home from school before they were swept away by the floods and drowned. 326,897 houses were damaged due to floods and landslides, and 7,742 cattle died from collapsing sheds. In Swat District, a newly built hotel had collapsed due to excessive flooding. The southwestern part of the province was previously affected by the June 2022 Afghanistan earthquake.
In Lower Kohistan District, 5 people stranded in a hill torrent were swept away; 4 of them were killed, while the other one was rescued. In Balakot, 8 nomads were killed due to flooding in a tributary of the Kunhar River. 12 people were also killed in flooding in different areas of Dera Ismail Khan due to flash floods from hill torrents.
Gilgit-Baltistan
23 people died, four are missing, and floods badly affected the Karakoram Highway. Roads were closed for traffic at several places due to landslides. The districts of Ghizer, Nagar, Diamer, Ghanche, and Astore were the worst affected. 420 homes were destroyed and 740 were damaged due to floods and landslides. Meanwhile, the S-1 Strategic Highway also suffered erosion due to high water flows in the Indus River. The Ishkoman Valley Road was cut off at Gutkash due to flooding in the Ishkoman River. A bridge at Chhorbat in Ghanche District was also flooded. Valley roads and two bridges in Nagar District were swept away by floods. There are also reports of damage in Khanar and Bonar in Diamer District. As of 26 August, most parts of the villages in Ghizer were destroyed by the flood. Among these are Buber Valley, Gahkuch, and Gulmuti. Residents were asked to evacuate the flood-affected areas. River levels are rising to an extremely dangerous height.
Punjab
In Punjab, 223 people died and 3,858 others suffered injuries. In Taunsa Sharif, many settlements were submerged in floodwater. In the historical town of Mangadotha, west of Taunsa Sharif, hundreds of houses and livestock were swept away by flood waters. of farmland were also lost. Residents of communities adjacent to flooded rivers began to evacuate, with most families moving away. Most of the families have moved to safer places on foot and camels while carrying only essential supplies as roads and bridges were washed away.
Azad Kashmir
48 people died by flooding in Pakistan administered Kashmir. On 31 July, in Poonch District, ten people died and four were injured when a roof collapsed on top of them. Five tourists from Mianwali were swept away and later confirmed to have been killed in Neelum Valley on 19 August.
Response
National
The prime minister, Shehbaz Sharif, who had decided to spearhead the relief operations in the wake of massive floods, met international partners on 25 August who pledged to provide $500 million to the country to mitigate the havoc wreaked by flooding.
Army officers, federal cabinet members, and senators will donate their one-month salary for the flood relief fund. PTCL Group, Pakistan's largest telecom and internet services provider, announced ₨. 1.75 billion(or US$8 million) to support flood relief efforts and those affected by the floods.
The chairman of the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) party and former prime minister, Imran Khan, held a 3-hour-long telethon to raise funds for flood victims and received ₨. 500 crores (or US$22.5 million) in pledges for flood relief.
On 30 August, the Government of Pakistan announced $170 million allocation to flood victims, which will be disbursed through the Benazir Income Support Programme (BISP) as part of Pakistan Flood Response Plan 2022. The Pakistani embassies in China and Turkey have also set up fundraisers requesting flood relief donations from locals.
Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (PTA) introduced the 9999 SMS code for flood relief donations to enable consumers to donate their funds through mobile phone text to support the flood victims. The consumers would be required to write "fund" and send it to the 9999 short code to donate ₨. 10 (or US ¢4.5) to contribute to the prime minister's floods relief fund.
The government has been accused of inaction on relief and rescue operations, with local officials allegedly hoarding humanitarian aid. Incidents of looting due to lack of aid have emerged, with several NGOs halting relief operations after their trucks carrying relief goods were looted. In Sukkur, police booked 100 flood-affected persons under terrorism charges for protesting against the lack of food and relief when Shehbaz Sharif and foreign minister Bilawal Bhutto visited to assess flood damage on 26 August.
International
The World Bank allocated $370 million in relief aid to Pakistan. The World Bank also allowed $2 billion from current projects in Pakistan to be reallocated to relief aid.
Apple CEO Tim Cook says Apple will donate relief goods to Pakistan for recovery efforts in flood-hit areas.
Google announced a donation of $0.5 million for flood victims in Pakistan.
Meta announced a donation of ₨ 125 million ($565,000) for flood relief efforts in Pakistan.
The International Rescue Committee deployed emergency response teams in Pakistan to provide immediate assistance.
Prince Karim Aga Khan's son, Prince Rahim Aga Khan, donated $10 million for flood victims.
The United Nations has allocated $3 million from its Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF) to help the affected areas. On 30 August, UN Secretary-General António Guterres announced an appeal for $160 million in emergency funds to aid Pakistan's flood victims. On 9–10 September, Guterres visited Pakistan to show solidarity with flood victims and appeal for other countries to provide more help.
On 23 August, the European Union announced that it is providing immediate provision of €350,000 (nearly ₨. 76 million) to Pakistan for humanitarian assistance. On 28 August, it mobilised another €2.35 million in emergency humanitarian funding.
The World Health Organization allocated $10 million to emergency health relief efforts.
On 18 August, United States Secretary of State, Antony Blinken, announced a $1 million disaster aid to Pakistan to overcome challenges caused by flooding. On 30 August, the United States announced another grant of $30 million. On September 5, U.S. Department of State Counselor Derek Chollet announced a visit to Pakistan with a high-level delegation for a few days to provide further help to Pakistan. When in Pakistan, the United States created a massive humanitarian air bridge for flood victims. The air bridge made it possible for twenty US C-17 military aircraft to easily transport food and shelter material to Pakistan worth $2.2 million. On 9 September, the United States announced a commitment of a total of $53.1 million in US AID to Pakistan. $50.1 million for urgent flood relief and $3 million to bolster disaster resilience.
On 22 August, Saudi Arabia, through KSrelief, started delivering 100 emergency relief trucks, carrying 10,000 food packages weighing 950 tons to 17 flood-ravaged districts in Pakistan. This would benefit more than 70,000 people.
On 25 August, a spokesman of the Chinese Foreign Ministry in a statement expressed their deep sympathies to the flood-affected victims and offered sincere condolences to the families of the victims. Emergency humanitarian aid, including 25,000 tents and relief materials, is being dispatched forthwith while 4,000 tents, 50,000 blankets, 50,000 tarpaulins, and other reserves provided by China under the framework of the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor's (CPEC) social and people's livelihood cooperation have been put into the frontline for relief. The Red Cross Society of China has already provided emergency cash assistance of $300,000 to the Pakistan Red Crescent Society. On 30 August, China announced an assistance grant of 100 million yuan (US$14.5 million). On 3 September, China announced another assistance package of 300 million yuan (US$43.5 million).
On 27 August, the Government of the United Kingdom announced £1.5m flood support fund for Pakistan. On 1 September, the UK government announced a further £15 million in assistance for Pakistan. The Disasters Emergency Committee also raised £8 million in just 24 hours.
On 27 August, Azerbaijan announced it would provide US$2 million in aid to Pakistan.
On 28 August, the Irish minister of foreign affairs, Simon Coveney, said in a post on Twitter that Ireland has 'committed an initial contribution of €500,000 in emergency humanitarian funding' to Pakistan.
On 29 August, Canada announced $5 million funding for humanitarian assistance to Pakistan. On 13 September, Canada announced bringing the total aid to $30 million and a $3 million matching fund.
On 29 August, the United Arab Emirates opened an airbridge to transport humanitarian aid from the UAE to Pakistan, pledging 20 aircraft sorties of relief goods for flood victims worth $50 million. The ruler of Dubai, Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, announced an additional 50 million AED (US$13.5 million) aid package for flood victims. On 9 September, UAE Minister of Tolerance & Coexistence Nahyan bin Mubarak Al Nahyan announced aid of $10 million for relief and rehabilitation of the flood-stricken people of Pakistan, for which Prime Minister of Pakistan Shehbaz Sharif has thanked him.
On 29 August, Qatar announced that they will send 21,000 food baskets, 5,000 tents, and 5,000 personal hygiene kits to Pakistan, through their Qatar Fund for Development. Emir of Qatar Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani also donated humanitarian assistance for flood victims, which includes a field hospital with a 93-member staff. In addition, Qatar established an airbridge with the Qatari Emiri Air Force to provide urgent assistance.
On 29 August, Indian prime minister, Narendra Modi, extended heartfelt condolences to the families of those who were affected by the floods and said that he hopes for an early restoration of normalcy. Offers of material assistance and aid declined by the Pakistani government.
On 30 August, Germany announced food aid to 1,000 families for two months in Pakistan's Lasbela District. Additionally, Germany also announced food aid and hygiene sets to a total of 60,000 people. On 9 September, Germany announced a further donation of €1 million to Pakistan. On 15 September, Germany announced an additional €10 million of aid for a total of 24 million. On 27 September, Germany announced that the total aid would be raised to €56 million ($54.35 million).
On 30 August, South Korea announced $300,000 in relief aid to Pakistan.
On 30 August 2022, Prime Minister of Bangladesh Sheikh Hasina, announced that her country will provide aid to flood victims in the Balochistan province of Pakistan. Bangladesh's Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief has allocated ৳14 million (US$140,000) to provide relief items to Pakistan including 10 tonnes of biscuit, 10 tonnes of dry cake, 100,000 water purification tablets, 50,000 packets of oral saline, 5,000 mosquito nets, 2,000 blankets, and 2,000 tents.
On 31 August, the Australian Government announced it will provide $2 million in humanitarian aid to Pakistan.
On 31 August, the Government of Japan announced it will provide emergency relief goods to Pakistan, containing tents and plastic sheets, through Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). On September 6, Japan announced a new emergency grant of $7 million to support the people of Pakistan.
Turkey sent relief goods to Pakistan, including 10,000 tents, 50,000 food parcels, 50,000 hygiene materials, and 10,000 parcels of baby food in the first stage.
On 31 August, the Government of Norway announced 25 million NOK (US$2.5 million) in emergency relief and food security efforts. On 8 September, Norway announced an increase to their flood relief contribution to 80 million NOK (US$8.15 million).
On 31 August, France, on the request of President Emmanuel Macron, announced they will donate 83 high-capacity water pumps, 200 family tents, and survival, hygiene, and protective equipment to Pakistan. France will also deploy doctors and nurses to the country and will ship a 50-meter-long Bailey bridge that could be swiftly deployed in the affected areas.
On 31 August, Sweden announced a 30 million SEK (US$2.8 million) donation to impacted communities.
On 1 September, Iran sent 1000 tents, 4000 blankets, and 2000 mosquito nets.
On 1 September, Denmark announced 10 million DKK (US$1.35 million) in emergency assistance. Denmark also sent a water purification module that can convert contaminated water into drinking water and produce 120,000 liters of clean water per day. Along with 10 Danish specialists.
On 7 September, Jordan provided urgent medical assistance to Pakistan. The Royal Jordanian Air Force delivered medical supplies, tents, and food.
On 26 September, the Indonesian government sent $1 million in financial assistance. 32 tons of aid in the form of tents, medicines, groceries and others were sent. Indonesia also dispatched 29 medical teams which included paramedics, pediatricians, nutritionists, dermatologists and pharmacists to help victims affected by the floods.
On 4 October, Former Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad has appealed to the international community to unite and assist Pakistan in coping with the extensive devastation caused by deadly floods resulting from unprecedented heavy rainfall. In a recorded message, he stated that the flood situation in Pakistan is truly a disaster that has brought immense devastation to the country.
In a response to Pakistan's appeals for international aid for flood relief, Belgium will provide Pakistan 300 tents to shelter a total of 1800 people.
In a view to contributing to the international humanitarian response, the Italian Agency for Development Cooperation has allocated a 500,000 euro (US$485,000) emergency contribution to the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) in Pakistan. The contribution will enable the IFRC to support the Pakistan Red Crescent in delivering emergency aid to the most vulnerable population segments.
Prime Minister of Fiji, Frank Bainimarama, said that high-emitting countries are to blame for the devastating flood in Pakistan.
The people of Maldives are collecting more money. Some of Maldivian broadcasting channels, including state media PSM, along with the Pakistan High Commission in Maldives, held a 16-hour telethon to help Pakistan and got MVR 3.8 million (US$246,000).
Beyond the immediate response to the floods, the catastrophe that befell this low-income developing nation was an impetus for a global agreement on loss and damage for climate change, under which rich countries which caused the majority of carbon emissions heating the planet would compensate poor countries for the damage that has already occurred or which is unavoidable. Pakistani climate minister Sherry Rehman used this as an example of the damages that low-income nations face, which the New York Times described as "a fresh reminder of the destructive forces of climate change."
Army helicopter crash
On 1 August 2022, a Pakistan Army Aviation helicopter on flood relief operations in the Lasbela area of Balochistan lost contact with air traffic control. The six military personnel on board, including the commander of the XII Corps, Lieutenant General Sarfraz Ali, died in the crash. Reports from Pakistani authorities on their early investigations attributed the crash to poor weather conditions, whereas Reuters reported on unverified claims from the Baloch insurgent group "Baloch Raaji Aajoi Sangar" that they shot the helicopter down.
See also
List of floods in Pakistan
2022 Afghanistan floods
2022 South Asian floods
2022 Iranian floods - although not in South Asia but occurred in the same time period
2023 Pakistan floods - flooding that continued the following year
References
External links
2022 floods in Asia
2022 floods
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2022 floods |
71386273 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%20Accra%20floods | 2022 Accra floods | On Sunday June 5, 2022, some parts of Accra was flooded during a downpour. The rain, which lasted for about four hours, left its mark on areas like Kaneshie, the worst hit after the downpour.
Some of the areas which were heavily affected are Kwame Nkrumah Circle, Spintex Road, Tetteh Quarshe, Fiesta Royal and Nsawam Road.
Due to the flooding situation in Accra, President Akufo-Addo directed the city authorities and District Assemblies (MMDAs) in the Greater Accra Region to demolish all structures on the river way causing flooding in the city.
See Also
2015 Accra floods
2016 Accra floods
References
2022 in Ghana
Floods in Ghana
2022 disasters in Ghana
2022 floods in Africa
June 2022 events in Africa |
71394455 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July%E2%80%93August%202022%20United%20States%20floods | July–August 2022 United States floods | Beginning on July 24, 2022, and lasting for a week, many flash flooding events hit several areas of the United States. These areas included parts of Missouri and Illinois, especially Greater St. Louis, Eastern Kentucky, Southwest Virginia, parts of West Virginia, and the Las Vegas Valley. Several rounds of severe thunderstorms began in Missouri on July 24, culminating during July 25 and 26, when St. Louis broke its previous 1915 record for the most rainfall in a span of 24 hours. Governor Mike Parson declared a state of emergency on July 26. Over one hundred people were rescued from floods, and two people were killed. Late on July 27 and into July 28, historic flooding began in central Appalachia, particularly in Kentucky, where a state of emergency was declared. A total of 38 people were killed in Kentucky as a direct result of flooding, with a 39th fatality occurring days later during cleanup efforts and a 40th coming in September during cleanup efforts in Pike County.
Late July 28, another unprecedented flash flooding event occurred in Las Vegas after parts of the city saw over an inch of rainfall. Much of the Las Vegas Strip became inundated, with roads, casinos, and parking garages being affected and flights being delayed or cancelled. More flooding continued from July 30 to August 1 in Arizona, including Phoenix and Flagstaff, California, including Death Valley National Park, and again in the same areas of Eastern Kentucky. In all, 41 people were killed during the flooding events: 39 in Kentucky on July 28 and 2 in Missouri on July 26.
More flooding events continued throughout August, impacting areas such as Death Valley, the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex, and central Mississippi. A flash flood in Zion National Park in Utah led to one fatality. The Dallas flooding on August 22 led to an additional fatality and four injuries.
Meteorological synopsis
On the morning of July 26, the Weather Prediction Center (WPC) issued a moderate risk outlook for excessive rainfall over portions of eastern Missouri and southern Illinois and Indiana associated with an expected band of training thunderstorms over the region. Later, the National Weather Service issued its first-ever flash flood emergencies for Saint Louis. By the end of July 26, St. Peters, Missouri recorded a total of of rainfall, while other areas of St. Charles County received over . Other parts of Greater St. Louis totaled as much as of rain. Additionally, more than of rain fell in the town of Mexico in central Missouri, with similar rainfall totals being reported in southern Illinois. Parts of Kentucky and West Virginia were affected by flooding on July 26 as well, including Johnson, Magoffin, and Floyd counties in Kentucky and Mingo and McDowell counties in West Virginia.
Training thunderstorms began to form over Eastern Kentucky during the early hours of July 27, producing heavy rainfall periodically throughout the day. Jackson, Kentucky had its second-wettest day on record (since 1981), with of rain falling. During the late evening and overnight hours, a more substantial band of heavy rain and thunderstorms moved west to east along a stalled frontal boundary, resulting in subsequent extreme flooding across the counties of Perry, Knott, Breathitt, Letcher, Leslie, Clay, Owsley, Wolfe, Harlan, Johnson, Magoffin, Floyd, and Pike. Flooding was also reported in Southwest Virginia, in the areas of Wise and Dickenson counties, and the independent city of Norton, which are along the Kentucky border. On the morning of July 28, the WPC issued a moderate risk outlook for excessive rainfall over portions of Central and Eastern Kentucky and West Virginia. The rainfall began to move towards West Virginia and central Kentucky the following day, and began to encompass almost all of West Virginia on July 29. On the morning of July 29, the WPC issued a moderate risk outlook for excessive rainfall, but shifted it into Eastern Kentucky and almost all of West Virginia.
On the morning of July 31, a third moderate risk outlook for excessive rainfall was issued by the WPC over portions of Eastern Kentucky, with more flooding occurring that night over the same areas as four days earlier.
Elsewhere on July 30 and 31, Phoenix and Flagstaff, Arizona, along with rural areas of Arizona and southeast California sustained flooding due to heavy rain associated with the Southwest monsoon. Near Kingman, over of rain fell in approximately 15 minutes on July 31, associated with widespread thunderstorm activity over both states and southern Nevada.
More rainfall impacted the same areas of Eastern Kentucky on July 31 and August 1, leading to renewed flooding in those areas, while areas of eastern Illinois, such as Jasper and Richland counties, picked up as much as of rain from August 1 into August 2. On the morning of August 2, the Weather Prediction Center issued a moderate risk of excessive rainfall for parts of southern Illinois and Indiana and parts of western Kentucky.
Also on August 2, central Mississippi, including parts of Madison, Yazoo, Holmes, and Attala counties, received as much as of rainfall, causing flooding that impacted roads and homes.
On the morning of August 7, WPC issued a moderate risk for excessive rainfall across portions of northeastern Iowa and southern Wisconsin.
Impacts
St. Louis area
July 26
Thirty miles (48 km) of I-70 were closed because of the floods, with some vehicles completely submerged. The Gateway Arch was closed on July 26 due to the flooding. Flood damage to the MetroLink light rail transit system in St. Louis was estimated at $18–20 million. In St. Peters, ten puppies at an animal rescue shelter died in the flooding. Dardenne Creek in St. Peters rose over into major flood stage over the span of seven hours. The fire department in St. Louis rescued people from 18 homes, transporting some people and pets out by boat. Homes in Brentwood and Ladue were threatened by floodwater as well, with some residents evacuating. Two people were killed in the St. Louis area: one in a car that was found submerged in of water and another near Hazelwood found about a mile away from their abandoned tractor-trailer that had been flooded.
St. Louis set a new 24-hour rainfall record at over , beating the record of from the 1915 Galveston hurricane. This included in just six hours. Over 20,000 residents lost power.
Flash flooding extended into Illinois along the I-64 corridor in St. Clair County, and a nursing home was evacuated in Caseyville. In Belleville, which received approximately of rain, multiple roadways were closed due to high water, with a section of one street being washed away. Residents were assisted from two houses in town, and city parks sustained damage to parking lots, playgrounds, and bathrooms. Cahokia Heights had 15 to 20 homes with flood damage, along with more flooded streets, and Caseyville had a levee breach, leading to the evacuation of the nursing home. Other areas, such as East St. Louis and Swansea, had more flooded homes, while more communities escaped with only minor roadway flooding.
West Virginia
July 26
Flooding on July 26 impacted parts of southwestern West Virginia. In Mingo County, the Gilbert Creek area along the Kentucky/Virginia/West Virginia border had several homes impacted and several bridges washed out, limiting access to some areas. More flooding occurred in nearby McDowell County as well, in addition to other areas. This, combined with additional rainfall and flooding on July 28, led to a state of emergency being declared by Governor Jim Justice for six counties: Mingo, McDowell, Fayette, Greenbrier, Logan, and Wyoming. Partly as a result of the flooding, Huntington, West Virginia recorded their wettest July on record with of rain.
Kentucky/Virginia
July 28
Governor of Kentucky Andy Beshear declared a state of emergency on July 28. after what was described as a thousand-year flooding event. The Kentucky Court of Justice closed the judicial centers in Floyd, Letcher, Magoffin, and Perry counties due to the extreme flooding. The storms dumped up to of rain on parts of the state. Kentucky cities severely affected by the floods include Hazard, Jackson, Paintsville, Prestonsburg, Martin, Pikeville, Hindman, Whitesburg, Fleming-Neon, and Jenkins.
Many roads were shut down in these areas including Main Street in Hazard, Mayo Trail in Pikeville, KY 317 in Fleming-Neon, Lakeside Drive and Main Street in Jenkins, South Fork Road, South Mountain Road, Bold Camp Road, and Main Street in Pound, Virginia, and portions of US 23 in Wise, Virginia. Evacuations were ordered in the downtown areas of cities that were severely flooded including Hazard, Fleming-Neon, Jenkins, Martin, Pound, and Clintwood, Virginia. The North Fork of the Kentucky River set record high crests in Whitesburg and Jackson, and over 33,000 customers lost electricity.
In Hindman in Knott County, nearly all buildings in the downtown area sustained some level of flood damage from Troublesome Creek, which passes through the area. The Appalachian Artisan Center sustained extensive damage to the museum and several studios, a new swimming pool and skatepark in town were severely damaged, and many homes and businesses were heavily damaged or destroyed. Nearby, Hindman Settlement School and Appalachian School of Luthiery were both flooded with several feet of water and heavily damaged, along with the Troublesome Creek Stringed Instrument Company. Upstream from Hindman, Alice Lloyd College in Pippa Passes sustained major damage due to Troublesome Creek, along with the surrounding community. Just northwest of Hindman, in a particularly tragic incident, four children were killed when they were swept out of their mother's arms along Montgomery Creek. Both parents survived despite being stranded in a tree for eight hours.
In Letcher County, Whitesburg and surrounding communities were severely impacted by the North Fork River and Rockhouse Creek. Many businesses were destroyed in Whitesburg, including a used car dealership that had been in business for four decades. At Appalshop, which housed a vast media collection of Appalachian history, some of the media vault's contents were swept away and scattered about, including film of oral history, musical performances, and photo collections. The North Fork rose about in 10 hours to set a record crest in Whitesburg of approximately , beating the previous 1957 record by over , before the gauge was apparently destroyed in the flood. In southern Knott County, Carr Creek Lake rose over in 12 hours along the Carr Fork River, a tributary of the North Fork.
Buckhorn in Perry County was inundated by Squabble Creek, a tributary of the Middle Fork of the Kentucky River, with numerous homes and Buckhorn School being completely flooded. Pavement was pulled up from the parking lot, and classrooms within the school building were destroyed ahead of the school's scheduled start date of August 11. Robinson Elementary in the Ary community of northern Perry County sustained exterior wall and roof collapse along Troublesome Creek, downstream of Hindman and Knott County. Further along the creek in Breathitt County, the community of Lost Creek was also inundated, with roads covered and homes swept off their foundations.
The Oneida community in Clay County was cut-off by downed power lines and washed-out roads and bridges, with floodwater impacting many homes that had previously been flooded by an event in March 2020.
Parts of Floyd and Johnson counties were impacted by severe thunderstorms and flooding first on July 26, affecting homes and roads. More severe flooding occurred on July 28, with the towns of Martin, Wayland, and Garrett in Floyd County being among those impacted. Numerous water rescues were conducted, with people being taken to the Wayland Fire Department, among other places. KY 7, KY 122, and KY 550 in Floyd County were shut down due to floodwaters.
Pike County in far eastern Kentucky also sustained flooding, with multiple roads being blocked by downed trees and power lines as well. In the Virgie area, south of Pikeville, Shelby Creek overran its banks and inundated several homes, leading to the closure of KY 610 in the area.
Late on July 28 and into July 29, part of the city of Jackson was evacuated and KY 15 was closed after officials became concerned that water from the North Fork River would top Panbowl Dam along KY 15 and potentially flood approximately 110 homes, 13 businesses, and other structures around Panbowl Lake, although the river began receding before the dam was overtopped. The North Fork River set a record crest in Jackson of , besting the previous record of from February 4, 1939, while meteorologists at the National Weather Service forecast office in Jackson became trapped at the office due to nearby high water.
The fatality count from the event in Kentucky reached 38, with 17 deaths occurring in Knott County, nine in Breathitt County, seven in Perry County, three in Letcher County, and two in Clay County. A 39th fatality occurred in the days following the event due to illness contracted during cleanup efforts. A 40th fatality occurred in September during cleanup efforts in Pike County.
University professors and data analysts described the extreme flooding as made more likely by climate change in the United States. Meteorologist Jeff Berardelli of WFLA in Tampa, Florida commented that the flooding in Kentucky was "simply in its own universe", and that an event that would happen on average one in a thousand years before global warming made its likelihood greater. The government's Fourth National Climate Assessment says that the heaviest precipitation events have intensified.
Criticism was lobbied at local mining companies for failing to return the land to its natural state after decades of mining caused the loss of the natural ridge lines and vegetation.
The rainfall observed over the region during the period of July 25–30 was over 600 percent of normal totals. The four-day rainfall totals of in some areas were reported to have a less than a 0.1 percent chance of occurring in any given year.
July 31 – August 1
More rainfall over waterlogged areas led to more flooding on August 1 in Knott and Letcher counties. Downtown areas of Hindman and Fleming-Neon were again inundated by floodwaters in the early hours of August 1. KY 550 was again flooded in Knott County, affecting the communities of Mousie and Fisty, along with Hindman. Flooding was also reported in other areas such as Floyd County, Pike County, and Harlan County. Roads in Floyd County were flooded or blocked by downed trees and power lines.
As a result of flooding on July 28 and again on August 1, Fleming-Neon was left with its city hall, bank, pharmacy, and post office flooded, with more than a foot of mud covering the inside of the city hall building.
Las Vegas Valley
July 28
On the night of July 28, another flash flooding event occurred in the Las Vegas Valley in southern Nevada. Harry Reid International Airport saw of rainfall in two hours, the monthly average for all of July. A ground stop was issued at the airport. Parts of Clark County saw of rain, causing disruptive flash flooding. This heavy rain flooded casinos and parking garages along the Las Vegas Strip.
Just one mile away from the airport, the UNLV campus received substantially more rainfall, totaling over . Casinos on the Strip that were impacted included Caesars Palace and Planet Hollywood, with water pouring through parts of the ceilings into the buildings. Las Vegas Boulevard and Main Street, especially in downtown and the area of the Strip, were covered in water, creating traffic problems. Fire departments and first responders had 330 calls for flooding and swift water service, with seven people being rescued from floodwaters.
The seasonal monsoon rains in the area partially contributed to a water rise of in Lake Mead from July 26 to 31, along with water releases from Lake Powell.
Arizona/California
July 25–31
Rain beginning on July 25 in the Flagstaff, Arizona area associated with the monsoon season led to increased flash flooding concerns throughout the week, due in part to the burn scars from the recent wildfires. By July 27, Flagstaff mayor Paul Deasy had declared a state of emergency as numerous areas around Flagstaff had been impacted by flooding, including Mt. Elden Estates, Paradise, Grandview, and Sunnyside. Other neighborhoods such as Cheshire, Coconino Estates, Creighton Estates, Coyote Springs, Anasazi Ridge were later added to the state of emergency order. Schultz Creek overflowed in the area, resulting in the temporary closure of US 180 on the west side of Flagstaff.
On July 30, areas on the north side of Phoenix along I-17 received of rain, mostly within one hour. This led to flooding of roads and low-lying areas and prompted four water rescues, two of which were from partially submerged vehicles. A voting precinct in Downtown Phoenix was closed by the Maricopa County Elections Department due to flooding in the building, forcing it to be relocated elsewhere within the building for subsequent days. Numerous streets in Phoenix became temporarily flooded due to the heavy rain. Several homes and apartment complexes became flooded as well.
In southern California, Death Valley National Park and the Mojave National Preserve were impacted by flooding on July 30 and 31, resulting in numerous road and campground closures and damaged/destroyed vehicles. Heavy rain in the San Bernardino National Forest resulted in mudslides that blocked roads near Yucaipa.
August 5
All roads into Death Valley National Park were closed due to major flash flooding. Rainfall in Death Valley totaled , setting a new (since surpassed) single-day rainfall record; the amount was around 75 percent of the area's annual average precipitation. After the storm, the Federal Highway Administration gave $11.7 million to the National Park Service to fix roads in the park following the flooding.
Illinois/Mississippi
August 2
Parts of central Illinois received very heavy rainfall from the evening of August 1 into August 2. Numerous counties were impacted by flooding, with flooding reported near the cities of Decatur, Dawson, Spaulding, and Barclay. In downtown Decatur, numerous roadways were flooded, leaving vehicles submerged. Parts of Jasper and Richland counties received the most rainfall from the event, totaling , with rainfall rates reaching per hour.
Areas near Canton, Mississippi also received very heavy rainfall on August 2, leading to flash flooding that trapped people in homes in Madison County. Numerous people were rescued by fire department crews from houses and offices after some areas received up to of rainfall in a few hours. Roads were closed due to high water, and vehicles were submerged along roadways and in parking lots.
August 24–27
Parts of Central Mississippi received very heavy rainfall starting on August 24. Flash flood emergencies were declared, and up to of rain fell. This led to severe effects on water systems near Jackson, leaving many residents without clean drinking water. At one point, the city temporarily ran out of bottled water to give to residents. During the storm, parts of I-20 closed.
These floods contributed largely toward August 2022 becoming the wettest August on record for Mississippi.
Utah
August 19
One woman was killed when she was swept away in a flash flood in Zion National Park. Her body was discovered on August 22 after a search involving over 170 people.
Texas
August 21–22
Starting late on August 21, 2022, and going into the next morning, a significant flash flooding event occurred in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex in Texas, killing one person and injuring four others. Some parts of the metroplex saw over of rain, which is the usual rainfall total for the area during all of summer. Before this rainfall event, 2022 was shaping up to be one of the hottest and driest years ever recorded in Texas. On the morning of August 21, the Weather Prediction Center (WPC) issued a moderate risk for excessive rainfall for North and Northeast Texas. On August 22, WPC issued a new moderate risk for excessive rainfall for North and Northeast Texas as well as portions of North Louisiana. At 1:20 am. CDT on August 22, the National Weather Service issued a flash flood warning for the Dallas metroplex.
Overnight on August 21, Dallas Fort Worth International Airport reported of rainfall over a one-hour timeframe, setting the record for the most rainfall in a single hour ever for the airport. By 8 am. CDT on August 22, parts of the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex had received over of rain. The amount of rainfall that Dallas normally sees during all of summer fell within 24 hours. This broke a record for most rain in 24 hours since 1932. Also, this made 2022 the wettest August in Dallas history. This also meant that, despite 67 consecutive days with no measurable precipitation during the summer, Dallas still had their 9th wettest summer on record.
The flooding event caused over 314 car crashes and 319 high water calls. Parts of the Dallas area got up to of rain. Nearly 300 flights were cancelled and 900 were delayed between the two Dallas airports. Dallas Fort Worth International Airport, and 37,000 other customers, lost power. One person was killed and four people were injured in the floods. Certain rivers reached moderate flood stage as they reached over .
Around 10:15 am. CDT on August 22, the storms associated with the flooding event produced an EF1 tornado that impacted Smith County, approximately east of downtown Dallas. Minimal damage occurred to a school and other structures near Winona. Due to the floods, drought improved across parts of northern Texas.
Aftermath
St. Louis County declared a state of emergency in the aftermath of flooding in the area. On July 28, Kentucky Governor Andy Beshear commented, "We are currently experiencing one of the worst, most devastating flooding events in Kentucky's history." On July 29, President Joe Biden declared that a major disaster existed in Kentucky and ordered federal aid to supplement state and local recovery efforts in the areas affected by severe storms, flooding, landslides, and mudslides. On July 30, Urban Search and Rescue Missouri Task Force 1 was deployed to eastern Kentucky.
On July 29, Illinois governor J. B. Pritzker declared St. Clair County, including East St. Louis, a disaster area, and the city of East St. Louis later declared a state of emergency following the flooding on July 26.
A shelter was opened on July 28 at the Breathitt County Courthouse in Jackson for displaced residents, as well as other shelters in schools and churches around Perry County and Hazard and the Floyd County Community Center near the town of Martin. Wolfe County, north of Jackson, opened three school buildings as shelters as well. About 150 residents were housed at nearby state parks, while at least another 150 went to American Red Cross shelters. Curfews were established in areas such as Hindman and Breathitt County after reports of looting.
Some residents in Kentucky were stuck in their homes, unable to leave because of washed out roads and bridges, leading to over 420 people being rescued by helicopter or boat. By August 2, more than 5,600 customers in eastern Kentucky were still without power and more than 18,000 service connections were without water. An additional 45,600 customers were under a boil water advisory, according to Governor Beshear. Numerous people remained stranded in rural areas as a result of roads being washed away, with the only access in some instances being by ATV. The infrastructure problems caused difficulty in pinpointing the number of missing people in the days after the event.
The office manager of Troublesome Creek Stringed Instrument Company in Hindman set up a GoFundMe account for donations to help with flood relief, while Appalshop and Hindman Settlement School received help to keep valuable media archives refrigerated to prevent ruin. Some archives were transported to a freezer at East Tennessee State University in the days after the event.
School systems in Perry, Breathitt, and Floyd counties delayed the start of the school year due to recovery efforts. Several classrooms in Breathitt County were destroyed, along with the district's maintenance building and the bus garage. Several other counties in the area had modified starts to the school year as well.
The University of Kentucky men's basketball team announced plans to play two games against Gonzaga, in 2022 and 2023, to raise money for Kentucky flood relief.
See also
Weather of 2022
2021 Tennessee floods – A similar flooding event that occurred primarily in Humphreys County, Tennessee the year before.
2022 Montana floods – A similar flooding event that occurred one month before.
2022–2023 California floods - Flooding event that started in December 2022
References
External links
Coverage of the St. Louis area flooding by the National Weather Service
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71411645 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%20United%20Arab%20Emirates%20floods | 2022 United Arab Emirates floods | In 2022, heavy rains caused floods in the United Arab Emirates, lasting from 27 to 29 July 2022. Cities of the northern Emirates, mainly Kalba and Fujairah, and different areas of the Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah, were affected by the heavy rains. According to the Emirati National Center for Meteorology, this was the country's heaviest rainfall recorded in 27 years.
Impact
Seven people of Asian descent were confirmed dead. At least 870 people were rescued while 3,897 individuals were placed in temporary shelters in Fujairah and Sharjah.
Traders in the Emirate of Fujairah lost nearly AED 1 million worth of goods.
Response
Emirati Vice President Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid issued a red alert in the state and directed immediate relief operations from police, rescue services, and military personnel from nearby emirates to assist in rescue operations. All hotels in Fujairah were instructed to shelter flood-affected families in their vacant rooms. The administration has also issued instructions to people to work from home for two days.
Sheikh Sultan bin Muhammad Al-Qasimi, ruler of Sharjah, ordered AED 50,000 ($13,600) to be given to every family forced to leave their home during flooding.
References
2022 floods in Asia
July 2022 events in Asia
Natural disasters in the United Arab Emirates
Water in the United Arab Emirates
2022 disasters in the United Arab Emirates |
71428308 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%20Iranian%20floods | 2022 Iranian floods | In late July 2022, Iran was hit by historic floods and mudslides which affected 400 towns and villages in 21 of Iran's 31 provinces, and destroyed over 20,000 homes. In the provinces of Mazandaran and Yazd, deaths were high. At least 95 people have been reported dead and over 200 others are missing.
Events
On 11 July, rescue missions such as the Iranian Red Crescent went to help families in 51 villages in the Sistan and Baluchistan province.
On 6 August 2022, floods hit Imamzadeh.
See also
Great Iran Flood, a 1954 flood in Iran
2022 Pakistan floods, a disaster that occurred in the same time period.
References
July 2022 events in Iran
August 2022 events in Iran
2022 floods in Asia
Natural disasters in Iran
2022 disasters in Iran |
71440644 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%20Pyin%20Oo%20Lwin%20flood | 2022 Pyin Oo Lwin flood | A flood occurred in the city of Pyin Oo Lwin of Mandalay Region on 31 July 2022.
It was the biggest flood in the township in the past 30 years with rainfall of 10.47 inches in eight hours.
The flood was caused by increase in flow in Gelaung Creek due to a torrential rainfall in the Mandalay Region from 2 am of 31 July up to the next day. The flood caused collapse of building and bridges. The flood affected people were rescued by police force, fire brigade and local volunteers. The lower part of the auxiliary spillway of Doe Kwin dam was also damaged. Residents and government security forces collectively took part in rescue and cleaning operation after the flood.
See also
2015 Myanmar floods
References
Natural disasters in Myanmar
Floods in Myanmar |
71455924 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood%20%282017%20film%29 | Flood (2017 film) | Flood is a Canadian animated short film, directed by Amanda Strong and released in 2017. The film tells the story of Thunder, an indigenous youth created by the Spider Woman to combat the flood of lies and threats to indigenous peoples spawned by European colonization of North America.
The film premiered on October 1, 2017 at the 2017 Vancouver International Film Festival.
It was subsequently named to TIFF's year-end Canada's Top Ten list for short films in 2017, and was selected by journalist Jesse Wente for a CBC program of five short films on the theme of "Keep Calm and Decolonize".
References
External links
2017 films
2017 short films
2010s animated short films
2010s English-language films
English-language Canadian films
Canadian animated short films
First Nations films
2010s Canadian films |
71493915 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%20South%20Korea%20floods | 2022 South Korea floods | On 8 August 2022, large scale floods hit the capital of South Korea, Seoul, especially Gangnam District and surrounding areas. It was preceded by the highest rainfall in 80 years. 2,800 buildings were damaged and at least 9 people were killed. 163 people in Seoul were made homeless. 50 cities and towns were issued with landslide warnings. Power cuts were widespread. President Yoon Suk-yeol warned the public of more rainfall. The highest recorded rainfall was 17 inches (43cm) Seoul's Dongjak district.
Response
Many celebrities donated money to help the relief efforts through the Hope Bridge Korea Disaster Relief Association and the Seoul Community Chest of Korea (Seoul Fruit of Korea) including; Hong Soo-hyun, Im Si-wan, Jinyoung, Kim Hei-sook, Kim Hye-soo, Kim Jin-woo, Yoo Byung-jae, Kang Tae-oh, Lee Young-ji, Yoon Se-ah, Psy, Arin, Kang Seung-yoon, Yoo Jae-suk, Kim Go-eun, Lee Sung-kyung, Jay Park, Mijoo, IU, Bae Suzy, Ahn Hyo-seop, J-Hope, Kim Eun-sook, Kim Se-jeong, Ahn Young-mi, Lee Young-ae, Shin Hye-sun and Han Ji-min.
See also
2020 South Korean floods
2023 South Korea floods
References
2022 floods in Asia
August 2022 events in South Korea
Floods in South Korea
2022 disasters in South Korea |
71493984 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floods%20in%20Korea | Floods in Korea | Korea has historically suffered several floods due to heavy rains, typhoons, and heavy snowfalls. Most of the flood damage was caused by storms and tsunamis caused by typhoons, and floods.
1980s
In 1987, floods caused by Typhoon Thelma killed 123 people and caused $272 million in damages.
2000s
In 2002, Typhoon Rusa caused mass flooding across Korea.
2010s
The 2011 Seoul floods killed 69 people and caused hundreds of millions of damage.
The 2014 August series of floods killed at least 5 people.
2020s
From late June to mid-August 2020, heavy rains fell intensively or locally across the Korean Peninsula, causing a lot of damage.
On August 8, 2022, 100-300 mm of heavy rain per day fell in the metropolitan area.
From early June through July 2023, heavy rainfall resulted in severe flooding and landslides, killing at least 41 people.
References
See also
North Korea flooding (disambiguation)
Natural disasters in North Korea
Natural disasters in South Korea
Floods in North Korea
Floods in South Korea
Events in Korea |
71512213 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crescenta%20Valley%20flood%20%281933%20and%201934%29 | Crescenta Valley flood (1933 and 1934) | The Crescenta Valley flood occurred in New Year's Eve 1933 (December 31, 1933) and extended to New Year's 1934 (January 1, 1934) in the Crescenta Valley in Los Angeles County, California, inundating communities in the valley including La Crescenta-Montrose, La Cañada, and Tujunga. This seemed to have happened because in late 1933, wildfires burned much of the trees and grass in the Crescenta Valley, leaving the cities in the lower parts of the valley vulnerable to flooding. On New Year's Eve, heavy rains led to the collapse of earthen dams, which in turn led to the destruction of many homes in the valley and many deaths.
Background
In November 1933, wildfires raged through the nearby San Gabriel mountains above the communities of La Crescenta, La Cañada and Montrose. Earthen dams had been created by the Civilian Conservation Core in three of the valleys (Dunsmore, Pickens and Hall-Beckley) to trap rainwater. During the last week of December of that year, a series of winter storms pounded the mountainside with of rain. On New Year's Eve, more heavy rains led to sporadic flooding.
New Year's
Around midnight on December 31 (1933), the earthen dams above the Crescenta Valley collapsed, sending millions of tons of mud and debris into the neighborhoods below. The mudslides that began in the mountains above La Cañada and La Crescenta carved a path of destruction all the way to the Verdugo Wash and beyond.
Aftermath
Some Montrose residents sought shelter from flooding at American Legion Post 288, which was destroyed, killing 12.
More than 400 homes were destroyed in La Cañada, La Crescenta, Montrose and Tujunga. Scores of people were killed, and hundreds were left homeless. Entire families were wiped out. Parts of Foothill Boulevard were buried under of mud, boulders and debris. The mud was deep enough to bury cars completely on Montrose Avenue. Miles of Honolulu Boulevard were inundated by several feet of sand and silt.
Two notable victims of the flood were silent-era identical-twin child actors Winston and Weston Doty, who died at the age of 19.
Reconstruction
Following the disaster, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the County of Los Angeles (with the Los Angeles County Department of Public Works) built a flood control system of catch basins and concrete storm drains, designed to prevent a repeat of the 1933-1934 disaster.
The flood was commemorated in Woody Guthrie's song "Los Angeles New Year's Flood". To honor the victims of that New Year's calamity and to mark its 75th anniversary, a small monument was dedicated January 1, 2004, at Rosemont and Fairway avenues in Montrose, near where the American Legion Hall had stood.
References
1930s floods in the United States
1930s floods
1933 in California
1934 in California
1933 natural disasters in the United States
1934 natural disasters in the United States
January 1934 events
December 1933 events
20th century in Los Angeles County, California
Crescenta Valley
Floods in California
Natural disasters in California
History of California |
71549219 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%20Qinghai%20floods | 2022 Qinghai floods | In August 2022, flash floods hit Datong Hui and Tu Autonomous County. At least 16 people have been killed and 36 others are missing in Qinghai Province. According to CCTV News, a sudden rainstorm triggered a landslide that diverted a river.
References
2022 floods in Asia
Floods in China
August 2022 events in China
Floods
2022 disasters in China |
71549634 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%20United%20Kingdom%20floods | 2022 United Kingdom floods | Throughout 2022, between February and November, areas of the United Kingdom experienced significant flooding. The first wave of flooding occurred in February as Storm Franklin caused severe disruption across the country.
Later in the year, in August, a flood had caused damage in Devon and Cornwall. Heavy rain caused flooding in Dorset in October whilst another wave occurred in November, affecting many parts of England and Scotland. At least two to three weeks worth of rain fell in Scotland in a twenty-four hour period on 18 November.
February flooding
Storm Franklin caused significant disruption in parts of the United Kingdom in February 2022 as a result of severe flooding which caused power outages and property damage across the country.
August flooding
Parts of Devon and Cornwall were affected. Flood water covered the Tregolls roundabout in Truro. In Dorset, numerous properties in Bridport, Burton Bradstock and West Bay were flooded out. Flooding was also experienced in Worksop in Nottinghamshire. In Lincolnshire, Market Rasen experienced historic flooding. Parts of Leicestershire affected included Leicester, Loughborough and Thurmaston. London was affected too, with flooding in Bloomsbury, St Pancras station, Victoria and Kentish Town. Roads in Port Talbot in South Wales were submerged. In Essex, flash floods affected Epping Forest, Chelmsford, Braintree and Halstead.
October flooding
After heavy rains on 21 October, Bournemouth Town Centre was hit by heavy flash flooding.
November flooding
On 15 November, heavy rain caused flooding across England and Wales. In west Wales, more than 50 homes near Tenby lost electricity. As the weather moved further inland, 70 homes were blacked out near Nottingham, 86 at Loughborough, 70 near Coventry, 30 near Wolverhampton and almost 50 in Boston. A section of the Devon Expressway near Plymouth was flooded. In Wiltshire, flood warnings were made for the River Biss at Trowbridge and Westbury, there is also alerts for the River Cole and Dorcan Brook in east Swindon, and the Upper Bristol Avon area, which covers Chippenham, Melksham, Lyneham, Malmesbury and Royal Wootton Bassett. In Chesham a burst pipe caused flooding in the town centre. In Sussex Victoria Gardens in Brighton flooded. Trains were delayed between Three Bridges and Haywards Heath as a result of a flooded tunnel.
Between 17 and 19 November, heavy rain caused flooding in parts of Scotland with several amber warnings being put in place as a result. The flooding caused disruption on transportation. Schools closed in Angus as a result of the flooding and emergency rest centres were set up in Aberdeenshire.
On 25 November 2022, the Met Office issued a yellow warning for Southern England and Southern Wales for rain from 26 to 27 November 2022, where downpours could are likely to cause flooding.
December flooding
On 20 December, there was a number of roads flooded in Dorset, after heavy rain impacted the River Frome, River Wriggle and River Stour.
On 30 December, Scotland was hit by severe flooding. Dumfries was impacted by heavy flooding.
Environmental impact
The floods overwhelmed a pumping station operated by Southern Water which overflowed causing discharge of sewage to leak onto roads and car park in Totton.
See also
2022 United Kingdom heatwaves
References
February 2022 events in the United Kingdom
floods
October 2022 events in the United Kingdom
November 2022 events in the United Kingdom
2022
2022 disasters in the United Kingdom
2022 floods in Europe
Climate change in the United Kingdom |
71618639 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1824%20St.%20Petersburg%20flood | 1824 St. Petersburg flood | The 1824 St. Petersburg Flood occurred in 1824 killing several hundred people. It was the deadliest flood in the history of Russia and St. Petersburg. The water level peaked at 421 centimetres at 14:00 (2 PM), the highest recorded floodwaters in Russian history.
References
Floods in Russia
19th-century floods in Europe
1820s floods
1824 natural disasters
St. Petersburg flood
1824 disasters in the Russian Empire |
71621598 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%20South%20Asian%20floods | 2022 South Asian floods | From January to October 2022, excessive rainfall and widespread monsoon flooding occurred in the South Asian countries of Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. It has become the region's deadliest floods since 2020, with over 3,700 people dead.
Background
Monsoons hit South Asia every year, mostly between June and September. Every year, floods affect the Indian subcontinent, collapsing buildings and causing landslides. Climate change in South Asia has exacerbated these storms.
Countries affected
Pakistan
Floods in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa killed eight people in January, however from June 2022, floods affected most of Pakistan, affecting around 33 million people, or 12% of the country's population. Over two million houses were damaged or destroyed by flooding, and over $40 billion USD worth of damage has been caused. At least 1,717 people were killed by flooding, most of them in the provinces of Sindh, Balochistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and Punjab.
Afghanistan
India
In late May, floods have affected over 4,000 villages in the Indian states of Assam and Bihar, killing at least 186 people. Floods continued to affect Assam in June, killing a further 200 people. From June to July, floods in Maharashtra killed 105 people. From June to August, floods have also affected the northwest of the country, killing at least 40 and leaving 13 others missing in the Indian state of Uttarakhand while 276 others died in Himachal Pradesh. Floods have also affected the state of Odisha, killing six. In Gujarat, floods have killed at least 61 since June. On 30 June, 58 people died, 3 went missing, and 18 were injured after a landslide occurred in the Noney District of Manipur. On 8 July, 16 people died while 40 were missing after floods during the 2022 Amarnath Yatra in Jammu and Kashmir. From 18 to 23 August, a tropical storm caused floods to affect the coast of eastern India, killing 14 people. In September, hundreds of homes were damaged and 12 people died in floods in Uttar Pradesh, including nine from a collapsing wall. Floods in October killed at least 18 people. In total, at least 969 people died due to flooding since May in India.
Bangladesh
Since 17 May, floods have affected parts of Bangladesh. At least 141 people were killed, most of them in the Sylhet Division. In October, Cyclone Sitrang caused an additional 35 fatalities.
Nepal
Floods and landslides in the first nine months of 2022 have killed at least 70 people in Nepal. On September 16, a landslide killed 22 people and left 10 missing in Achham District. At least 46 people were killed and 22 were left missing by heavy flooding in October, with Karnali Province being the worst affected.
Sri Lanka
Three deaths have been reported due to floods in Sri Lanka in June, and hundreds of homes had been damaged. In October, an additional three deaths occurred and over 210 houses were damaged or destroyed.
References
2022 floods in Asia
2022 floods
2022 floods
Floods
2022
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May 2022 events in Asia
June 2022 events in Asia
July 2022 events in Asia
August 2022 events in Asia
September 2022 events in Asia
October 2022 events in Asia |
71640662 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%20Sudan%20floods | 2022 Sudan floods | The 2022 Sudan floods saw the figure for flood-affected people in Sudan had exceeded the figure for 2021, rising to 314,500. From 2017 to 2021, there were 388,600 people affected by floods annually.
Description
Since May 2022, the north-eastern African country of Sudan has been in the rainy season. The rainy season in Sudan usually starts in June and ends in September. Peak rainfall and flooding is between August and September. The level of the Nile has risen rapidly to the highest level of the last 70 years because of the persistent heavy rains. The Nile level continues to rise and reached a crucial phase in the capital Khartoum. As of 23 August, the level of Nile stands at 16.42 meters, where the critical stage is 16 meters and flooding 16.5 meters. According to reports, more than 4,800 livestock have been lost and nearly 5,100 hectares of land have been damaged or destroyed. This could lead to food production being hampered and contributing to high food prices and lead to a deterioration in food security, exacerbating an already perishing food emergency. Torrential rains destroy the roads to rural areas, cutting off supply lines in need of humanitarian assistance.
Alongside the floods, Sudan is in a situation of political turmoil and economic crisis, among other things. The government was taken control of via military coup by Sudanese military, which is led by General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan on 25 October 2021. More than hundreds of thousands of people have been displaced since this military coup, with severe political, economic and social crises, heavy rains and floods occurring at the same time. The army was compelled to dissolve the transitional government of Abdalla Hamdok, in order to help reduce human casualties and economic losses. But floods and coups still seriously exacerbate Sudan's economic crisis.The flood has contributed billions of dollars of economic damage to the people of Sudan.
Impact
The effects of flooding have been vast, hitting 16 of Sudan's 18 states, with South Darfur, Gedaref, Central Darfur, White Nile, and Kassala being the worst hit.
The physical impacts of flooding vary from place to place and include:
Building damage or destruction (including homes, resulting in displacement; schools, with consequent suspending of school year start; medical facilities, reducing access to healthcare; shops)
Livestock killed or carried away
Loss of crops due to agricultural fields’ inundation
Damage to/destruction of roads has meant help cannot reach those in need, and restricted access to markets and health facilities.
Loss of belongings, including identity documents.
Livelihoods affected in connection with above
Displacement
Flooding occurring from May to 20 October 2022 has resulted in 97,227 newly displaced individuals (54% of whom are women) with the highest figures in Gedaref (35%), North Darfur (17%), South Darfur (13%) and River Nile (10%).
IDPs are staying in a variety of temporary housing solutions: erecting shelters close to their previous homes in areas with less damage, staying with others, sheltering in schools (where still standing), others are sleeping in the open air.
Sudan has a high population of refugees (1.1M) and IDPs (3.7M). Between January and September 2022, inter-communal violence and armed attacks (which is ongoing) caused the displacement of more than 211,000 people. Therefore, many of those displaced by the floods were already IDPs.
South Darfur has the highest concentration of individuals in need, totalling 1,703,267 IDPs, refugees, returnees and other vulnerable people. The state hosts 1.1M IDPs and 30 IDPs camps. Flooding at the Kalma IDPs camp (population: 126,200) has made drinking water unsafe due to contamination and spoiled food stocks. Homes, WASH facilities and school structures were also damaged.
Immediate mortality and morbidity
Contaminated water, overcrowded shelters, displacement, and inadequate sanitation can all arise following floods, but public health initiatives can stop these things from happening.
Overall, there is not a lot of definitive data on post-disaster disease and the literature and reporting on this is poor. However, conclusions can be drawn from a compilation of other relevant reports in most cases. Floods exacerbate acute episodes of chronic and non-communicable diseases as well as the management of these conditions. The availability of personal and medical services is impacted by disasters, which has an impact on the management of chronic and non-communicable diseases as well as the continuity of care. The majority of mortality studies' findings mirror this, and it may be linked to a rise in the number of persons seeking medical attention. For the post-disaster era, it is crucial to establish the care requirements for those with chronic or non-communicable diseases as well as the anticipated disease burden.
See also
2007 Sudan floods
2013 Sudan floods
2018 Sudan floods
2020 Sudan floods
Floods in South Sudan
References
2022 in Sudan
Sudan
Floods in Sudan
August 2022 events in Africa
2022 disasters in Sudan |
71654377 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%20Montevideo%20flood | 2022 Montevideo flood | On the morning of the Monday 17th of January 2022, Montevideo, the capital of Uruguay, and its neighbouring department, department of Canelones, went through a period of heavy rain that developed into a flood that submerged a number of neighbourhoods of the city underwater. The previous weekend, the country had experienced the highest heatwave in its recorded history. The rainfall that ensued that Monday was measured to add up to between 50 and 100 millilitres of rain, the bulk of it being in the period between 5:00 AM and 7:00 AM. The neighbouring department of Canelones also received similar amounts. 17,000 houses suffered power outages in the capital, and more than 11,000 in the neighbouring departments. Massive amounts of rain were also recorded elsewhere in the country, both towards the west and east of the capital, as well as up north. City authorities labelled the flood as "unprecedented" in its history. The mayor of one of the municipalities called the situation "critical", and added that "especially for poorer neighbourhoods it has hit really hard". Around 200 calls were made to the local firefighting departments, 138 of which were for evacuation assistance purposes. Videos of cars and garbage units floating on the city's streets were also widely shared in social media and on different platforms and websites.
Political reactions
The flood also brought political in-fighting between various sectors of the political spectrum in the country, which were already tense because of different social issues, including reforms concerning the country's education and social security. While the country's executive branch is under the rule of one party, its capital is currently run by an administration led by its opposition, leading to an environment of heavy politicization of events occurring therein.
References
Natural disasters in Uruguay
Montevideo
2022 in Uruguay
January 2022 events in South America
21st century in Montevideo
2022 disasters in Uruguay |
71702741 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%20South%20Asian%20floods | 2020 South Asian floods | In 2020, floods have affected South Asia due to heavy monsoon rains. The floods caused $105 billion USD of damage ($88.5 billion in India, $15 billion in Sri Lanka, and $1.5 billion in Pakistan), making it the costliest standalone flood in modern history, and the ninth costliest disaster of all time. In addition there were 6,511 fatalities, the most reported in a flood since Cyclone Sidr in 2007. Floods continued in 2021 and 2022.
Impact
Afghanistan
In April, floods killed at least 11 people and damaged around 700 houses. Between July and August, floods had affected around half of Afghanistan, killing 190 people and damaged around 2,000 homes.
Bangladesh
In May, Cyclone Amphan caused 20 deaths in Bangladesh. In July, floods struck again, affecting 3.3 million people, and killing 260 more people.
India
Cyclone Amphan killed at least 86 people in West Bengal, India.
From July to October, over 5,000 people died in flooding.
Nepal
From June to September, floods in Nepal killed at least 401 people. The Kathmandu Post reported that the floods were some of the worst in the country’s history.
Pakistan
At least 410 people died in floods in Pakistan. Over 310,000 homes were damaged by flood water, causing $1.5 billion USD.
Sri Lanka
At least 133 people have died when floods damaged 3 million homes and caused $15 billion USD in damages.
References
Floods in India
2020 in India
Floods in Bangladesh
2020 in Bangladesh
Floods in Afghanistan
2020 in Afghanistan
Floods in Sri Lanka
2020 in Sri Lanka
Floods in Pakistan
2020 in Pakistan
2020 floods in Asia |
71703435 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%20South%20Asian%20floods | 2021 South Asian floods | After over 6,500 people died in flooding in 2020, monsoon floods hit South Asia again in 2021.
Impact
Afghanistan
In early May, flooding in northern Afghanistan killed 37 people. Over 200 homes were damaged or destroyed.
From late July to August, 113 people died in flooding in Nuristan Province.
Bangladesh
Floods in July affected Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh, killing 8 people, half of whom were children.
India
Floods hit the Indian state of Uttarakhand, causing an avalanche that killed 83 people and left 121 others missing.
Cyclone Tauktae affected southern India, killing 169 people. Shortly after, Cyclone Yaas killed a further 20 people.
Floods from July to August affected the state of Maharashtra, killing 251 people and leaving many more missing. Before the floods had occurred, the heavy rains had caused a landslide to destroy several homes in the city of Mumbai, killing 32 people.
In late July, heavy rain resulted in floods which killed 7 and left 19 missing in Jammu and Kashmir.
In Madhya Pradesh, 24 people were killed by floods in August.
Floods and landslides in September killed 180 people in Maharashtra.
In the states of Kerala and Uttarakhand, 47 people died in floods that occurred in October.
Nepal
In October, floods in western Nepal killed 88 people and left 30 others missing.
Pakistan
In September, floods have severely affected Pakistan's largest city, Karachi. At least 187 people died due to collapsing homes or from drowning in the city.
Sri Lanka
From May to November, Sri Lanka experienced major flooding. Four people died in May, 17 in June, and 20 in November.
References
Floods in India
Floods in Bangladesh
2021 in Bangladesh
Floods in Afghanistan
2021 in Afghanistan
Floods in Pakistan
2021 in Pakistan
2021 floods in Asia
2021 disasters in India
2021 disasters in Bangladesh
2021 disasters in Afghanistan
2021 disasters in Pakistan |
71715596 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%20Chad%20floods | 2022 Chad floods | The 2022 Chadian floods began in the Republic of Chad during July 2022 and currently continued till September 2022 following the heaviest rains in the country since 1990. An estimated 442,000 Chadians had been affected or displaced by flooding by the end of August 2022, including in large parts of the national capital, N'Djamena.
Cause
Chad, as well as neighboring countries across Central and West Africa, experienced above-normal rainfall during July and August 2022, causing floods in many countries. According to Idriss Abdallah Hassan, an official with the Ministry of Civil Aviation and National Meteorology, the government weather agency, "The country has not recorded such a quantity of rainwater since 1990."
Damage
Twenty-two people had died as a result of the floods by mid-August 2022, according to a report by the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA). An estimated 442,000 people were displaced by flooding by the end of August 2022. Officials with the state weather agency described the flooding as "catastrophic".
Flooding destroyed an estimated 2,700 hectares of crops and airable farming land during August 2022.
Parts of the city of N'Djamena were hit particularly hard by the floods, with areas of the capital accessible only by boat. N'Djamena's Eighth District flooded beginning in July 2022 and remained underwater in early September 2022. According to Chadian officials and residents of the Eighth District, all of the district's neighborhoods were flooded. Residents sought shelter in other parts of the city.
References
Floods
2022 floods in Africa
2022
2022 floods
July 2022 events in Africa
August 2022 events in Africa
September 2022 events in Africa |
71875375 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%20Nigeria%20floods | 2022 Nigeria floods | The 2022 Nigeria floods affected many parts of the country. From the Federal Government Data, the floods had displaced over 1.4 million people, killed over 603 people, and injured more than 2,400 persons. About 82,035 houses had been damaged, and 332,327 hectares of land had also been affected.
While Nigeria typically experiences seasonal flooding, this flood was the worst in the country since the 2012 floods.
As of October, over 200,000 homes were completely or partially destroyed by the floods. On 7 October, a boat carrying people fleeing the floods capsized on the Niger River, causing 76 deaths.
The flooding was caused by heavy rainfall and climate change as well as the release of water from the Lagdo Dam in neighbouring Cameroon, which began on 13 September. Flooding, which affected Nigeria, Niger, Chad, and the surrounding region, began in the early summer of 2022 and ended in October.
Causes
The Nigerian government has blamed the floods of 2022 on unusually heavy rains and climate change. United Nations Humanitarian Coordinator for Nigeria Matthias Schmale said that the flooding could be largely explained by climate change. Climate change in Nigeria has been responsible for flooding, droughts, decreased air quality and the loss of habitat.
A climate modeling study by the World Weather Attribution project estimated that the floods were rendered far more likely and much more intense by climate change. They modeled the June to September rainfall in the Lake Chad and lower Niger river catchment areas, looking at total rainfall and intense rain weeks.
Flooding was exacerbated on 13 September with the perennial release of water from the Lagdo Dam in neighbouring Cameroon. Excess water released from the dam cascades down River Benue and its tributaries, flooding communities in the states of Kogi, Benue as well as other states in the northeast. When Lagdo Dam was constructed in 1982, there was an agreement by Nigerian authorities to build a second, twin dam in Adamawa State to contain the overflows. Known as the Dasin Hausa Dam project, it was to be situated in Dasin Village of the Fufore local government area, but was never built by the Nigerian government.
Nigerian Minister of Humanitarian Affairs, Disaster Management & Social Development Sadiya Umar Farouq said that "there was enough warning and information about the 2022 flood" she blamed local governments, states, and communities for not acting promptly despite the warnings.
The indiscriminate construction on natural flood plains and storm water paths together with poor drainage systems in many residential areas clog channels with waste. Lax enforcement of environmental laws have only exacerbated problems even further.
Impact
While Nigeria regularly experiences seasonal flooding, the floods of 2022 have been the worst since the 2012 Nigeria floods. Flooding began in early summer and has affected 33 of Nigeria's 36 states.
Over two million people have been affected by the flooding. As of October, over 600 people have been killed and over 2,400 have been injured. By August there had been 372 deaths. A cholera outbreak in northeast Nigeria was attributed to the contamination of water sources by flooding and has been responsible for the deaths of at least 64 people.
The floods have completely or partially destroyed over 200,000 homes. Many Nigerians who live on flood plains cannot afford to move and simply return to their residences once water levels return to normal after the annual floods.
Flooding has also destroyed an estimated 110,000 hectares of agricultural land. Additionally, supplies of fuel have been disrupted by the floods. During the crisis, prices of food have been inflated by 23%.
According to the United Nations's Food and Agriculture Organization and World Food Programme, Nigeria faces a high risk of catastrophic hunger levels. In a briefing on 13 October, UN Humanitarian Coordinator for Nigeria Matthias Schmale indicated that 19 million people in Nigeria were food insecure and 14.7 million children were at risk of malnutrition. Some 400,000 children in the north and northeast of the country and another 500,000 in the northwestern states of Sokoto, Zamfara, and Katsina were at risk for severe acute malnutrition.
The flooding is expected to continue through November for the southern states of Anambra, Delta, Rivers, Cross River and Bayelsa. Three of Nigeria's reservoirs, Kainji, Jebba, and Shiroro, are expected to overflow.
Flooding by location
Adamawa state
In late August, severe flooding in Adamawa State caused 10 fatalities and damaged dozens of homes.
Anambra state
On 7 October 2022, 76 people drowned after an overloaded boat fleeing the flood capsized. The overflow of River Niger and downpour fuelled the rise of the water level. Riverine communities in the state have been submerged by the ravaging flood.
The three-storey Madonna Catholic Church in Iyiowa, Anambra West collapsed due to flooding on 9 October.
There are 28 IDP camps in Anambra state, where flood victims are sheltered and taken care of during flood emergency times. To reduce the stress and struggles for the flood victims, internally displaced camps (IDPs) were set up in different locations in Anambra state.
Crowther Memorial Primary School Camp, Onitsha, Anambra State: This camp housed flood victims from different communities that included Mmiata-Anam, Umudora-Anam, Nzam, Ukwala, Inoma, and Owele from Anambra West Local Government Area of Anambra state. The inmates at the camp were about 1,800. 5 pregnant women delivered their babies in Crowther Memorial Primary School Camp, Onitsha. However, they were taken to General Hospital Onitsha for proper care after the delivery at the IDP camp.
Onitsha North Council Area Internally Displaced People (IDP): The IDP camp housed about 400 people from Umuoba Anam and Ekpe Nneyi, Umueri in Anambra East Council Area. There were also flood victims from Delta State were accommodated in the camp where relief materials and other essentials were distributed.
Ogbaru Local Government Area Camp: This is situated in Atani community. However, flood came and submerge the local government headquarter while the inmates were there. People came around with canoes and evacuated the flood victims that were trapped. It became a double tragedy for the flood victims.
Umueri IDP camp
Aguleri IDP camp
Bayelsa state
In the south region, bayelsa, it was gathered that 300 communities were affected by flood. Not fewer than 1.3 million people were victims of the natural disaster. About 96 persons have died while about 1.2 million people are displaced. Report says Findings on the impacts of the 2022 flooding on the residents of Yenagoa, Bayelsa State capital, show that over 71 to 77 per cent of residents were affected through building collapse, household items lost, livestock destroyed and many others.
Delta state
Between 26 November and 7 December 2022, it was identified that 78,640 individuals were affected by the floods in 18 locations in Delta State.
Jigawa state
Floods struck Jigawa State from August to September, where at least 92 people died.
Kano state
Earlier in the year, the Nigerian Meteorological Agency gave warning of an impending floods in the state.
Kogi state
Lokoja, situated at the confluence of the Benue and Niger rivers, is among the worst-affected areas of the flooding.
Niger state
In Mariga, Niger State, over 1,500 corpses were washed away from a cemetery. Officials said that 650 of the bodies were found and were reburied.
Yobe state
Severe flooding struck Yobe State in July and killed four people.
See also
2022 Africa floods
2022 food crises
Climate change in Nigeria
List of dams and reservoirs in Nigeria
References
Floods in Nigeria
Nigeria
2022 disasters in Nigeria
Effects of climate change
August 2022 events in Nigeria
September 2022 events in Nigeria
October 2022 events in Nigeria
Climate change and the environment
Climate change in Nigeria |
72003387 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%20south%20eastern%20Australia%20floods | 2022 south eastern Australia floods | The 2022 south eastern Australia floods are a series of floods that have occurred in south-eastern Australia since October 2022. Some towns experienced the highest river peaks in decades, and many places saw rivers peak multiple times. The floods were attributed to excess torrential rain caused by La Niña and a negative Indian Ocean Dipole.
In Victoria, the Campaspe River, Maribyrnong River, Avoca River, Goulburn River, Loddon River and Broken River all flooded their banks. In New South Wales, the Lachlan River caused major flooding in Forbes and the Murrumbidgee River at Wagga Wagga caused problems. In Tasmania, the Mersey River, Meander River and Macquarie River saw water levels reach major flood levels. With the exception of the Maribyrnong River, the aforementioned Victoria and NSW rivers flow into the Murray River, which caused flooding downstream in North-Western Victoria and South Australia in November and December, and into January.
The floods were expected to reduce Australia's economic growth and increase inflation. According to the Insurance Council of Australia, the NSW floods were the nation's costliest natural disaster on record, with over $5.5 billion in claims.
Meteorology
Lower temperatures leading to lower evaporation rates and wetter conditions in September left the ground saturated. The La Nina weather cycles is also to blame for excess rainfall in Eastern Australia. A positive Southern Annular Mode and negative Indian Ocean Dipole also favoured wet conditions. A band of clouds formed at the beginning of the week, leading to downpours on Thursday the 13th October and Friday the 14th. Many rivers were already swollen from rainfall in the past few weeks.
Strathbogie topped the Victorian charts, receiving 220 mm of rainfall in a 24-hour period, marking more than twice October's average. Charnwood received 209 mm. In Tasmania, up to 400 mm fell in one day.
On 24 October, Renmark received 95.6 mm of rain, making it the wettest day ever recorded with records dating back to 1889.
Impact
Victoria
In Victoria, thousands of homes were inundated or isolated by floodwaters, leading to declarations of a state of disaster. Australian Defence Force personnel were deployed to fill and move sandbags. Evacuations were ordered in several towns, including Seymour, Rochester, Carisbrook, Wedderburn and Charlton. On Friday 14 October, the State Emergency Service (SES) conducted more than 200 flood rescues. 146 flood rescues were made the following day. At one point around 4,700 homes were without power and 344 roads were closed. A 71-year-old man was found dead in floodwaters in his backyard in Rochester. It was estimated that 85% of the homes in Rochester were inundated.
By Sunday 16 October, attention was focused on Shepparton where a major sandbagging operation was undertaken. Flood waters moved downstream to Chartlon and Echuca where evacuation orders were announced. Echuca residents face two threats, first floodwaters from the Campaspe River and then from the Murray River.
A 2.5-kilometre dirt levee was built at Echuca to keep the Murray River out of homes and businesses. In the Victorian council areas of Campaspe, Greater Shepparton, Maribyrnong, Mitchell and Strathbogie, the federal government made a one-off, non-means tested disaster recovery payment of $1,000 per eligible adult and $400 per eligible child available. Across the states suffering in the crisis, 23 local government areas were made eligible. Displaced people were able to seek shelter at the former quarantine facility in Mickleham.
Tasmania
Flooding affected Latrobe where work had commenced on flood mitigation measures after significant flooding in 2016, however the work was not at a stage to offer any further protection at the time of the flooding.
The Tasmanian town of Deloraine was particularly hard hit. Evacuation orders were first issued on 13 October for the town of Meander. The Tasmanian SES was responding to calls for help on the same day.
On 13 November the Central Coast Council estimated that the cost of repairing damage within their region would exceed $2 million.
New South Wales
On 21 October, dozens of evacuation orders were made with 48 flood warnings active, as the flooding crisis continued in the south of the Murray–Darling basin. More than a week into the disaster, 8,300 calls for help were made to the SES; 40,000 potholes were fixed.
Another death was reported on 24 October when a woman's body was found on the bank of a river near Gulgong, New South Wales.
Widespread rain and storms spread across NSW, and Victoria, causing more major flooding for river systems. The Mehi River at Moree caused 4,000 residents to be evacuated and reached a peak level of 10.5 metres, with the town receiving 107.8 mm of rain on the 21st of October. Other towns such as Narrabri, Gunnedah and Barraba have experienced rapid major flood levels.
The Wyangala Dam overflowed with a record 230,000 megalitres per day. By 14 November, flooding along the Lachlan River forced the evacuation of Forbes. Over 220 people were rescued by the SES over the 24 hour period, but a full assessment had not yet been competed. Up to 80% of homes in the town of Eugowra were flood damaged. Flash flooding affected the town of Molong's central business district, cutting the Mitchell Highway and flooding the only supermarket in town.
An international team of flood rescue experts arrived in mid November from New Zealand and Singapore to relive fatigued NSW emergency service crews.
South Australia
Preparations for anticipated flooding in South Australia began in October. The forecast peak Murray River flows in South Australia were gradually revised during October to December. On October 21 it was forecast to peak at 120 gigalitres per day in early December. On 3 November this was revised to 135 to 150 gigalitres per day in late December and early January; and on 17 November it was revised again, to 175 to 220 gigalitres per day. By mid December the forecast was 190 to 220 gigalitres per day, making it the highest flood level since the 1956 Murray River flood, which peaked at 341 gigalitres per day.
At Renmark, the peak was estimated to be 185 to 190 gigalitres per day, and to have occurred on December 27. By this time, 1700 to 1800 South Australian properties had been flooded, and about one levee per day was being breached by the rising waters.
See also
Weather of 2022
Extreme weather events in Melbourne
2022 Australian Rainfall Records
Notes
References
External links
Flood Awareness Map, WaterConnect, Government of South Australia -- shows predicted flood levels for given water flows.
2022 floods in Oceania
2022 disasters in Australia
2020s in Victoria (state)
2020s in Tasmania
2022 in New South Wales
November 2022 events in Australia
October 2022 events in Australia
Floods in Victoria (state)
Weather events in Australia |
72025314 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%20Greek%20floods | 2022 Greek floods | In October 2022, Crete, the largest island of Greece was hit by destructive floods. The floods were triggered by a large thunderstorm and heavy rains. Two fatalities were reported along with of rain falling within less 12 hours.
Response
On 15 October, flash floods hit the north coast of Crete. Extensive damage was reported in many seaside areas. Settlements affected included Agia Pelagia, Lygaria, Chania and Lasithi.
On 16 October, a government taskforce arrived on scene.
References
History of Crete
Natural disasters in Greece
G
2022 floods in Europe
2022 disasters in Greece
Floods in Greece |
72192342 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maureen%20Flood | Maureen Flood | Maureen Patricia Brigid Flood (22 December 1935 - 26 December 2005) was an Australian religious sister and member of the Servants of the Blessed Sacrament order. When she was the order's regional superior in Australia and deputy superior general, she travelled to Rome, where she created programs for Vatican Radio. She later became interested in feminist theology and worked with Aboriginal community members in Redfern, New South Wales.
Early life and family
Sister Flood was born in Gunnedah, New South Wales. Her mother Cora was an Australian-born Anglican and her father, Ted Flood, was a Roman Catholic from Ireland. Together, then ran country pubs in New South Wales. Flood had four siblings but one died in an accident at the age of four. The family moved from Gunnedah to Inverell and then to Tamworth. Flood's father died at the age of 47 when Flood was aged 16.
Flood suffered from dyslexia at school but went on to become a nurse at St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney.
Religious life
Flood joined the Blessed Sacrament Sisters in Melbourne, a strict, enclosed and contemplative order with a focus on Eucharistic adoration. The Australian foundation of the order was established in 1950, when six Canadian sisters and one Australian (who had taken her novitiate in Quebec) arrived in Melbourne. The date of Flood's religious profession was 21 November 1959.
Flood became the order's regional superior in Australia and the deputy superior general of the Blessed Sacrament Order before travelling to Rome in 1981. She went on to prepare programs for Vatican Radio, including a series on human sexuality, and for the Australian Broadcasting Commission.
After her time in Rome, Flood became increasingly disillusioned with the patriarchal church and began to recognise the limitations of her religious order. She began to take a keen interest in feminism, writing several articles exploring themes of feminist theology and justice. She described herself as "the best possible nun of the worst possible kind."
In 1980, three of the sisters had moved to Sydney to establish a convent in Newtown, where they worked closely with Father Ted Kennedy and the local Indigenous community of Redfern. After Flood returned to Australia in 1987, she joined their work with Aboriginal community members at St Vincent's Catholic Church in Redfern.
She completed a master's degree at the University of Sydney, writing a thesis on spirituality in the poetry of Judith Wright in 1997.
Death
Flood suffered from dementia towards the end of her life, and died just after her 70th birthday on 26 December 2005. She was buried at Rookwood Cemetery. A reflection on her life by Elizabeth Gilroy was published in the Women-Church journal and an obituary by Tony Stephens was published in The Sydney Morning Herald.
Publications
Flood, Maureen (1999) Presence and Absence in the Poetry of Judith Wright Women-Church: an Australian journal of feminist studies in religion 24 (Apr 1999): 16–20.
Flood, Maureen (1997) bits of yarn, calico and velvet scraps: a journey through the death of the father Women-Church: an Australian journal of feminist studies in religion 20 (Mar 1997): 30–35.
Flood, Maureen (1989) Women in the church: aspects of their struggle for justice. Compass Theology Review 23 (Winter/ Spring 1989): 68–75.
Flood, Maureen P. (1988) What I Learned as a General Councillor in Rome Human Development 9(2): 31–34.
Flood, Maureen (1978) About Redfern [social work among Aborigines in Sydney] Asian Bureau Australia newsletter 38: 15–16.
References
1935 births
2005 deaths
20th-century Australian Roman Catholic nuns
Feminist theologians
Australian feminist writers
Australian theologians
20th-century Australian women writers
People from Gunnedah
University of Sydney alumni
Burials at Rookwood Cemetery
People from Inverell
People from Tamworth, New South Wales
Australian radio people
Radio in Vatican City
Australian people of Irish descent |
72198449 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jishi%20Gorge%20outburst%20flood | Jishi Gorge outburst flood | The Jishi Gorge outburst flood was a natural disaster that occurred around 1920 BC in China. The water flow during the eruption was one of the largest fresh water flows to occur in our geologic epoch (Holocene) and caused large widespread flooding around the Yellow River, affecting everyone living in the river basin. The flood outbreak was triggered by the bursting of a dam caused by landslides after an earthquake. The flood is suggested to possibly be the disaster that gave rise to the Gun-Yu flood myth, which preceded the establishment of the Xia dynasty. The Lajia archaeological site, downstream of the Jishi Gorge, was first destroyed by the earthquake and later covered by sediments from the flood eruption.
The course
The Jishi Gorge (积石峡) leads the Yellow River from the river area around Xunhua in the west through the Jishi Mountain and further east to the river area around the Guanting Basin. An earthquake triggered landslides and rock avalanches that dammed the Yellow River in Jishi Gorge west of Mengda County (孟达乡), in Xunhua County, eastern Qinghai Province, near the border of Gansu Province about 100 kilometre west of Lanzhou. The dam after the earthquake extended 1,300 meters in the direction of the river's flow and its highest level was 240 meters above today's water level. Upstream at Xunhua, a dammed lake filled after the river was blocked at the Jishi Gorge dam.
After less than a year, probably after about six to nine months, the water level approached the top of the dam. In the end, the dam could not withstand the large water masses, and the flood outbreak was triggered when the dam broke. The dammed river basin at Guanting is estimated to have had a level approximately up to 160 or 200 meters above today's water level at the time of the eruption. When the dam broke, the water level in the dammed lake dropped more than 100 meters and released 12 to 16 cubic kilometers of water. Calculations based on both the volume of water and its head in the impoundment area at Xunhua, and also reconstructed cross-sections of the floodplain at Guanting estimate the peak flow at the outlet to be approximately 480,000 cubic meters per second, which is more than 500 times the current flow of the Yellow River at the Jishi Gorge. This is one of the largest known fresh water flows to have occurred during the Holocene.
Effects of the flood
The flood breached the Yellow River's natural levees and caused widespread flooding, which also potentially changed the course of the Yellow River and had a major impact on all communities along the Yellow River's reach. After the primary flood, prolonged secondary floods likely occurred. The flood may have affected 2,000 kilometers downstream of the Yellow River.
Flood sediments downstream of the dam are found at levels 7 to 50 meters above the present water level. The sediments consist exclusively of angular clasts of greenschist and purple-brown mudrock sourced from Jishi Gorge. At the outlet of the gorge, the sediment layer is 20 meters thick and contains stones up to two meters in diameter.
Finds at the archaeological site of Lajia located 25 kilometers downstream from the dam show the devastation following the earthquake and then the flood, which together completely destroyed the settlement. The site was covered by up to 38 meters thick layer of flood sediments from the eruption. In the archaeological excavation, skeletons have been found inside terraced houses whose positions show people helping each other before they died, and some adults died with children in their arms.
Dating
The damming and flood outbreak occurred during the Qijia culture archaeological period. Radiocarbon dating from Lajia date the eruption rounded to 1920 BC. The measurements were made, among other things, on skeletal parts of human victims after their dwellings collapsed during the earthquake. With a margin of error, measurements gave the date 1922±28 BC.
In mythology
The historical chronicles the Book of Documents and the Records of the Grand Historian describe a great and devastating flood of the Yellow River, which was tamed by Yu the Great. After Yu solved the problem of the flood, the Xia Dynasty was established, which is China's first dynasty. The flood of the Jishi Gorge has great similarities to the great flood described in the chronicles.
In both the Book of Documents and Records of the Grand Historian, it is described that the place where Yu began to fight the river was "Jishi" (積石 / 积石) (literally translated 'amassed stones') which is the same spelling as today's name on the Jishi Gorge.
References
Earthquakes in China
Yellow River floods
Landslides in China
20th-century BC disasters |
72261619 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed%20Flood | Ed Flood | Edward A. Flood is an American politician who is the assemblyman for New York's 4th assembly district. A Republican, he is a resident of Port Jefferson Station, New York. He was first elected in 2022, defeating 30-year incumbent Steve Englebright in a close race.
Following his victory, Flood praised Englebright for having a clean ethical record, and stated that he wanted to continue Englebright's focus on environmental issues.
In April 2023, Flood publicly criticized Stony Brook University's new proposed parking plan, a plan that would create a tiered system in which lots closest to the University would cost more than those that are farther away, among other things.
References
Living people
Republican Party members of the New York State Assembly
21st-century American politicians
Year of birth missing (living people) |
72272977 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floodland%20%28video%20game%29 | Floodland (video game) | Floodland is a 2022 city-building game developed by Vile Monarch and published by Ravenscourt. It was released on November 15, 2022 for Microsoft Windows and macOS. In the game, players control a civilization of people as they attempt to survive in a devastated world flooded as a result of climate change. The game received generally positive reviews on release.
Gameplay
Floodland is a city-building game, where players control a colony of people attempting to survive in a world consumed by flooding caused by climate change. The player can choose between four different types of "clans", which all have their own unique advantages and outlooks on life. The settlers that the player has can be assigned to construct buildings, collect resources, and perform expeditions for supplies. As the player progresses, they can encounter other clans that have different worldviews and priorities than their own people. The player must introduce laws to ensure amicable relations between clans, and prevent hostility, which can cause crime and unrest. Stores of food and water must be managed by the player as they research new technologies and create relationships between clans.
Reception
According to the review aggregator website Metacritic, Floodland received "generally favorable reviews" for its PC versions. GamesRadar liked the story, city building elements, and UI, but was frustrated by the number of software bugs on launch. Rock Paper Shotgun enjoyed how clans interacted and integrated with each other, but felt as though the player would spend too much time waiting for new technologies to be researched. The Games Machine enjoyed the narrative, and lauded the game as less challenging than other city building video games such as Frostpunk.
References
External links
City-building games
2022 video games
Windows games
MacOS games
Single-player video games
Video games developed in Poland
Ravenscourt games |
72336578 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%E2%80%932023%20Saudi%20Arabia%20floods | 2022–2023 Saudi Arabia floods | In November 2022, Saudi Arabia was hit by coastal flooding as a result of heavy rain. The main affected area was the city of Jeddah in which two people were killed. As a result, flights were delayed and schools were closed. The main road to Mecca was also closed.
On 23 December 2022, torrential rain caused flash flooding in Mecca. In the start of January 2023, Jeddah experienced further floods.
See also
2009 Jeddah floods
References
2022 floods in Asia
Natural disasters in Saudi Arabia
November 2022 events in Saudi Arabia
2022 disasters in Saudi Arabia
History of Jeddah
December 2022 events in Saudi Arabia
January 2023 events in Saudi Arabia
S |
72353281 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%20Balrampur%20floods | 2022 Balrampur floods | In October 2022, heavy rainfall caused floods in Balrampur, in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Over 1300 villages were affected by this flood.
Impact
287 villages were affected in Balrampur district such as Jagtapurwa, Panditpurwa, Johvahna, Kalandarpur, Kodari, Gangapur, Lalpur, Phagunia, Jogiya Kalan, Lalnagar, Durgapur and Shernagar.
See also
Floods in India
References
Balrampur
Floods in India
Climate change in India
October 2022 events in India
2022 disasters in India
Balrampur |
72373745 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraser%20River%20flood%20of%201948 | Fraser River flood of 1948 | The Fraser River flood of 1948 was the most devastating flooding to hit Greater Vancouver in living memory. That year's floods had more than 2,300 homes were destroyed, 16,00 people displaced, and a great number of livestock killed. The population of the Lower Fraser Valley at the time was only around 50,000. At the flood's height, the water level measured 7.6 m. The areas of Abbotsford and northern Langley were particularly hard hit. The Canadian National Railway line and the Trans-Canada Highway rail lines were flooded, cutting southwestern BC off from the rest of Canada. When the waters receded, 10 were dead and 1,500 were left homeless, and between $150 and 210 million in damage had been inflicted on the area
Timeline
May 26th
A district engineer with the Dominion Power and Water Bureau, CW Webb, warns that unless there is a large change in temperature within ten days, floods will consume the Lower Fraser Valley.
May 28th
Residents began to worry about the high water levels in late May, and on May 28, the dikes at Agassiz and Nicomen Island break. The Nicomen Island dike is described as bursting "like an atom bomb." The decision is made to evacuate Barnston Island, which is home to 35 families and over 1,000 livestock. The evacuation barges struggle in the angry river, but the operation is a success, with all but two horses making it off the island.
May 30th
On May 30, the Queensborough dike is handed over to the military, with over 70,000 sandbags already in place.
May 31st
The Matsqui District declares a state of emergency. Parts of Fraser Mills and Colony Farm are flooded.
June 3rd
The Hatzic dike breaks and floods the area around Lougheed Highway.
June 8th
The west dike at Colony Farm breaks.
June 10th
The floodwaters peak at 7.6 m high.
June 11th
The Cloverdale Athletic Hall holds a fundraiser for the flood relief effort, which was quickly sold out.
June 25th
The floods are declared a national emergency by the federal government.
June 26th
The Fraser River receded to the 20-foot mark, the edge of the danger zone.
References
1940s floods in North America
1940s floods
1948 natural disasters
Floods in Canada
1948 disasters in Canada
May 1948 events in North America
June 1948 events in North America |
72494060 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%20Kinshasa%20floods | 2022 Kinshasa floods | From 12 to 13 December 2022, heavy rains left roads, infrastructure and many neighborhoods underwater or destroyed in Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of the Congo's capital.
Impact
Many roads in Kinshasa's city center were submerged as heavy rains continued for hours and many homes collapsed. At least 169 people were killed by flooding. Many of the deaths were caused by landslides caused by heavy rains. At least 280 homes had collapsed and over 38,000 others were affected by flooding. Twelve million people, consisting of most of the city's population have been affected by flooding.
Aftermath
The Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo had announced a three-day period of national mourning.
References
2022 floods in Africa
2022 disasters in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
December 2022 events in Africa
Natural disasters in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Floods |
72578048 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%E2%80%932023%20Philippine%20floods | 2022–2023 Philippine floods | In December 2022, a series of floods began to severely affect the provinces of Misamis Occidental and Misamis Oriental, and some parts of the southern island of Mindanao in the Philippines. The floods were caused by intense rain, which poured down on the central and southern parts of the country.
Cause
The Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) said in a statement that the widespread rains were triggered by the shear line collision located within the regions of Visayas and Mindanao. The shear line then persisted towards the Eastern Visayas and CARAGA regions in the central and northern parts of the country. Low pressure areas and northeast monsoon also contributed.
Impact
The provincial government of Misamis Occidental declared a state of calamity (SOC) as they received the full brunt of the flooding. The cities of Gingoog, Ozamiz, and provincial capital of Oroquieta, as well as surrounding municipalities were most affected by the floods. Samar, Northern Samar and Eastern Samar also declared SOC.
Notes
External links
National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council
Effects of Shear Line (2022)
Effects of Low Pressure Areas, Northeast Monsoon, and Shear Line (2023)
References
2022 disasters in the Philippines
2022 floods in Asia
2023 disasters in the Philippines
2023 floods in Asia
December 2022 events in the Philippines
Floods in the Philippines
History of Misamis Occidental
History of Misamis Oriental |
72588404 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%20Jordan%20floods | 2022 Jordan floods | On 27 December 2022, flash floods hit the ancient city of Petra in Jordan. 1,700 tourists were evacuated from the historic site. This was reportedly a result of historic rainfall which hit the area.
Previous floods
In 2018, 20 people were killed by floods, and in 1963, 23 French tourists were swept away by floodwater.
References
2022 floods in Asia
Natural disasters in Jordan
Water in Jordan
2022 in Jordan
December 2022 events in Asia
Petra |
72658888 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%E2%80%932023%20California%20floods | 2022–2023 California floods | Periods of heavy rainfall caused by multiple atmospheric rivers in California between December 31, 2022 and March 25, 2023 resulted in floods that affected parts of Southern California, the California Central Coast, Northern California and Nevada. The flooding resulted in property damage and at least 22 fatalities. At least 200,000 homes and business lost power during the December-January storms and 6,000 individuals were ordered to evacuate.
The floods were widely reported by media as an example of how climate change is increasing extreme changes in weather, especially cycles of precipitation and drought. Scientists interviewed by Los Angeles Times said that further study is needed to determine the connection and California has recorded similar events almost every decade since records started in the 19th century. Other scientists have emphasized that floods were caused by ocean warming, directly related to climate change. Scientist Kevin Trenberth declared that "the interaction between the warming ocean and the overlying atmosphere (...) is producing these prodigious rainfalls that have occurred in so many places around the world recently". Climate change is intensifying the water cycle. This brings more intense rainfall and associated flooding, as well as more intense drought in many regions. It has been both predicted by scientists and observed in the last years and documented by the IPCC (International Panel for Climate Change 6th assessment report). Before the rains started, California had been in an extreme drought.
Due to the storms, Governor Gavin Newsom declared a state of emergency on January 4, 2023. President Joe Biden then declared a state of emergency in 17 California counties on January 9, 2023. That same day, two lawmakers sent a letter urging President Biden to declare a state of emergency for San Luis Obispo County and Santa Barbara County. Biden approved a major disaster declaration for Santa Cruz, Sacramento and Merced counties on January 14. Monterey, San Luis Obispo and Santa Barbara counties were added a few days later to the declaration. Later, Ventura County was approved disaster relief. Biden surveyed the damage with Newsom on January 19.
Impacts
The storms causing the 2022–2023 California floods reached Nevada, Arizona, and Utah.
California
Over 40 state parks in California were completely closed in January, and one national park was also closed, Redwood National Park. Dozens of Amtrak trains were delayed, ran on modified schedules, or cancelled entirely due to the floods as well.
San Francisco Bay Area
Oakland set a record for 24 hour rainfall at of rain on December 31, while San Francisco recorded its second wettest day with of rain. The Santa Cruz Branch Rail Line sustained major damage. US 101 was flooded in South San Francisco, California, while SR 84 was closed due to landslides and flooding in Fremont. This forced the Oakland Zoo to close until at least January 17. Flooding and road washouts were widely reported. Flooding was exacerbated by the series of storms as they exceeded the soil’s capacity to soak up water.
A 2-year-old boy in Occidental died from his injuries in January after a tree fell on his family house. A weather station in Nicasio recorded a wind gust of during what forecasts described a "bomb cyclone" on January 4.
On March 11, 2023, SR 84 between Portola Road and Skyline Boulevard was closed indefinitely due to damage from a landslide, resulting in the road buckling and leaving behind large cracks.
Trocadero was severely damaged as a result of the storm. A shelter-in-place order was issued for the area around 555 California Street after glass panels started being blown off the side of the building.
Flooding shut down US 101 in Gilroy, as well as I-580 in Oakland. It was reported that trees and power lines had been downed by the storm with an Amtrak commuter train hit by a tree and derailed near Porta Costa, though the train remained upright and no one was injured according to officials. On March 21, a ground stop was imposed at San Francisco International Airport.
Sacramento Valley
A levee along the Cosumnes River broke in January, resulting in the SR 99 being flooded. Evacuations were ordered in Wilton. Several people were trapped in their cars and had to be rescued. Three people were killed from flooding on the roads. The levee failures were traced to a private property.
Wind gusts of over knocked down trees and caused widespread power outages that affected over 500,000 SMUD and PG&E customers. On January 10, a brief EF1 tornado caused extensive damage to softwood and hardwood trees northeast of Milton. On January 14, a brief EF0 tornado near Clay damaged the roofs of two garages and uplifted a wall-less RV structure, which caused it to collapse. Two people were killed when trees fell on them due to the high winds. A total of five people died from the December-January storms in Sacramento County, making it the hardest-hit county in the state. The Sacramento Zoo closed on January 10 due to storm damage.
Owens Valley
Owens Valley also experienced flooding which resulted in Owens Lake being flooded for the first time in over a century.
Southern California
Evacuations were issued in January for Ventura County and Santa Barbara counties, including Montecito (which had experienced the deadly 2018 mudflows). Multiple highways, including I-5, SR 126, and US 101, were closed, and a sinkhole that swallowed two cars opened up near Chatsworth. The SoFi Stadium, which hosted the 2023 College Football Playoff National Championship, experienced rain. In Los Angeles, Union Station's main concourse flooded. A waterspout moved ashore as an EF0 tornado in Carpintera on March 21, inflicting minor damage to trees as well as about 25 homes in mobile home park and injuring one person. A high-end EF1 tornado struck Montebello on March 22, damaging 17 structures were damaged, 11 of which sustained significant damage, damaging or flipping vehicles, and snapping trees and power poles. One person was injured. This was the strongest tornado to strike the Greater Los Angeles metro area since March 1983.
Central California
The Central Coast experienced widespread flooding in January. A flash flood outside of Paso Robles swept away a five-year-old boy who was on his way to school. He and his mother had exited their vehicle and rescuers were only able to reach his mother. After a seven-hour search, only one of his shoes was found. The main coastal rail line that connects the San Francisco Bay Area to Los Angeles was closed down when a bridge at Honda Point within Vandenberg Space Force Base had to undergo several weeks of repairs due to the flooding that had eroded the earth that supports the bridge’s footings. A section of the bridge over Sespe Creek near Fillmore washed away on January 10, preventing the movement of freight trains on the Santa Paula Branch Line. SR 33 was closed after a washout damaged the roadway. Several portions of the highway were also covered in muddy debris along with other local highways in Ventura County. The Santa Barbara Municipal Airport was closed due to flooding. The Salinas River filled above flood levels, resulting in road closures of bridges in Paso Robles and causing a levee to break near Salinas. In Merced, evacuations were ordered throughout the area because of an overflow at the nearby Bear Creek. In Bishop, the city exceeded its annual precipitation average by January 11 due to the floods.
On March 10, the levee on the Pajaro River failed, triggering flooding and forcing nearly 2,000 residents to evacuate. Another breach was discovered March 13, though authorities believed that breach may have helped ease flooding as it gave the river another outlet. Experts said the levees had been weakened by poor material selection, earthquakes and rodent activity. In Soquel, about 450 people were stranded in their homes after a creek washed out the only road leading to their neighborhood on March 10. A water main break also deprived residents of access to clean water. In Tuolumne County, a brief low-end EF1 tornado, the first tornado ever recorded in the county, uprooted trees and snapped power poles near Yosemite Junction on March 11. In Tulare County, a levee on Deer Creek north of the town of Allensworth breached the night of March 17, forcing residents of Allensworth and nearby Alpaugh to evacuate. Officials said an individual had used machinery to deliberately breach the levee. The flooding also caused nearly 180 square miles of Tulare Lake to flood for the first time since 1997.
Other states
Nevada
Flood watches were issued for Northern Nevada in December. In parts of the Sierra Nevada, of snow fell in just one hour. Reno, Nevada recorded its third wettest day on record. The initial wave of storms in Nevada caused a fatality and $10 million in damage.
Arizona
Flooding from Oak Creek impacted the community of Cornville in Yavapai County, Arizona, on January 1 due to heavy rain hitting the area. Water from the creek rose to more than , prompting flood warnings to be issued for the area. On January 2, Phoenix set a daily rainfall record of , with snow falling north of the suburbs.
Utah
The city of Draper, Utah, experienced flooding on the night of January 10 when heavy rains moved through the city. More than 30 homes were inundated as several inches of rain fell.
Precipitation totals
See also
Weather of 2023
2017 California floods
2022–23 North American winter
December 2022 North American winter storm
July–August 2022 United States floods
ARkStorm
References
2022 floods in the United States
2023 floods in the United States
2022 meteorology
2023 meteorology
2022 in California
2023 in California
December 2022 events in the United States
January 2023 events in the United States
2022-2023 |
72682790 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999%20Las%20Vegas%20flood | 1999 Las Vegas flood | A severe flood occurred throughout the Las Vegas Valley on July 8, 1999, during the local monsoon season. The storm brought three inches of rainfall to the area, which usually sees only four inches annually. The flood resulted in two deaths, and left some motorists stranded. Police and firefighters conducted 163 rescues throughout the Las Vegas Valley. Flood waters damaged 353 homes and caused $20.5 million in public property damage. It was the most destructive flood in Las Vegas history. A flood control network, developed by the Clark County Regional Flood Control District, was 20-percent finished at the time, helping to mitigate the severity of the flood.
Nevada governor Kenny Guinn declared a state of disaster for the area on July 15, 1999. U.S. president Bill Clinton subsequently approved FEMA financial aid to help cover the cost of public property repairs.
Background
Flash flooding in the Las Vegas Valley is common from July through September, during the local monsoon season. Flooding is caused in part by the presence of non-absorbent hard soil, including caliche. Population growth and ongoing development also contribute to flooding, as the abundance of paved surfaces causes increased water runoff. Storms in 1983 and 1984 prompted the formation of the Clark County Regional Flood Control District, which eventually began work on a flood control network.
Flood overview
The 1999 flood occurred after several weather systems merged, with moisture coming from Arizona, northern Mexico and the Gulf of California. The storm began on July 8, shortly before 11:00 a.m., and most of the rainfall occurred over the next 90 minutes. Several weather warnings were issued the previous afternoon, advising residents of potential flash-flooding. The storm began in the western Las Vegas Valley and gradually moved to the center, raining upon flood water which was in the process of making its way downstream. This contributed to the heavy flooding. The storm brought an estimated 28 billion gallons of water.
Rainfall at McCarran International Airport, near the Las Vegas Strip, measured 1.29 inches. However, other parts of the valley received more rain, with up to 3 inches in some areas. The average rainfall for the year is only 4 inches. Flood waters subsided by 4:30 p.m. It was the worst flood since 1984, and it remains the most destructive flood in Las Vegas history. Although initially reported as a 100-year storm, geologists subsequently determined it to be a 15- or 20-year event based on measurements.
At the time, the flood control network was 20-percent finished, with $400 million already spent on the project. Detention basins helped mitigate the severity of the storm. Las Vegas mayor Oscar Goodman said the 1999 flood would have been "a disaster to end all disasters" if not for the existing flood network facilities.
Damage and effects
The storm and flood damaged 353 homes and destroyed 5 others. Many affected homeowners were not insured for flood damage. At the time, only around 12,300 homeowners had flood insurance in the entire state.
The Flamingo Wash travels west to east across the Las Vegas Valley, serving as a major route for flood water. However, the wash was backed up by debris in the eastern Las Vegas Valley. As a result, water flooded onto nearby Boulder Highway, causing extensive road damage. A particularly hard-hit area was the Miracle Mile Mobile Home Park, located along Boulder Highway. Walls in the Flamingo Wash were eroded by the flood waters; several mobile homes fell over the weakened ledge and into the wash, while others suffered water damage. Of 540 trailers in the park, two dozen were declared uninhabitable.
Firefighters, ambulance workers, and 911 operators were overwhelmed by storm-related emergencies. This included motorists who were left stranded after flood waters stalled their vehicles. Police and firefighters carried out 163 rescues, some by helicopter. Several roof collapses also occurred due to the heavy rainfall.
The flood resulted in two deaths, including a 91-year-old woman who died in a three-car accident attributed to the waters; a Mercedes-Benz, driven by poker player Shawn Sheikhan, hydroplaned into the woman's vehicle. The other victim, believed to have been a homeless man, died of drowning and was found in the Flamingo Wash.
Most casinos suffered only minor leaks. The Caesars Palace resort on the Strip saw the worst of the flooding, which forced the day-long closure of a casino pit and the resort's shopping mall, the Forum Shops. Across the street, the parking garage at the Imperial Palace resort saw flood waters rising three feet and was closed for several hours. Both Caesars Palace and the Imperial Palace (now The Linq) are located along the Flamingo Wash, and are frequent sites for flooding. The Resort at Summerlin delayed its opening by several days due to minor flood damage.
Approximately 20 departing flights were delayed at McCarran International Airport, and four incoming flights were diverted to other airports outside of the state. The North Las Vegas Airport closed its radio tower for the day after losing power. Sunrise Hospital & Medical Center lost 95 percent of its phone service after a lightning strike. MountainView Hospital closed its birthing and surgical unit due to leaks.
Some shows on the Strip were canceled due to the flood, as entertainers had difficulty reaching their venues. Roughly half of retailers at the Meadows Mall and Boulevard Mall were closed; many store employees were either unable or unwilling to arrive for work because of the flooding, and some stores closed early, allowing workers to return home safely before the weather worsened.
Media coverage
KNUU, the only radio news station in Las Vegas, suffered a blown circuit at its transmitter site as a result of the storm and was unable to report on the event. However, the flood was widely covered by local television news, as well as national news outlets. In response to headlines about the flood, the Las Vegas Convention and Visitors Authority issued a statement to media outlets in Southern California and Arizona, emphasizing that the Strip remained open for tourism.
Response and aftermath
Nevada governor Kenny Guinn and other elected officials toured flood-damaged areas, including the Miracle Mile Mobile Home Park. The American Red Cross set up shelter for displaced residents.
A day after the flood, the Clark County Commission declared a state of emergency. Guinn declared a state of disaster for Clark County on July 15, 1999. Five days later, U.S. president Bill Clinton approved the use of FEMA financial aid to cover the cost of public property damage, which totaled $20.5 million. Without existing flood facilities in place, damages would have exceeded $100 million. The state already had a $4.7 million emergency fund, though it contained only $1.8 million after most of the funds went to the 1997 Nevada floods. FEMA sent 80 reservists to Las Vegas to manage assistance programs. The agency provided approximately $15 million to cover repairs, while local governments were responsible for funding the remainder. The Small Business Administration approved more than $1 million in disaster aid to cover private property.
Flood waters destroyed sidewalks and washed out roads throughout the Las Vegas Valley, and also forced the closure of several bridges. County workers had nearly 180 repair jobs; some were expected to take a year to carry out. One bridge did not reopen until three years after the flood.
In 2000, the county announced plans to improve the Flamingo Wash near the Miracle Mile Mobile Home Park, easing resident concerns about future flooding. Some residents living near the Duck Creek Wash sued the county, alleging that inadequate maintenance of the wash led to residential flooding in the area. In 2003, the county agreed to pay residents $1.1 million.
In the 10 years following the flood, the regional flood control network was more than doubled in size. The $700 million project increased the number of detention basins, flood channels, and storm drains. As of 2019, the flood district's master plan was 75-percent finished. At the time, it included 100 detention basins and 648 miles of channels, with $1.9 billion spent up to that point.
References
External links
Photo gallery by KLAS-TV
1990s floods in the United States
1999 floods
1999 natural disasters in the United States
Las Vegas Valley
Natural disasters in Nevada
1999 in Nevada |
72685945 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passaic%20Flood | Passaic Flood | The Passaic Flood in Northern New Jersey, in the Passaic river valley, began on October 9, 1903, and lasted through October 11. Slow-moving remnants of a tropical storm triggered the flood. of rain fell within 24 hours on Paterson, New Jersey, which received over of rain during the entire event. The Passaic River crested at at Little Falls, New Jersey. At the height of the flood, the Passaic river, which ordinarily carries 12,000 cubic feet of water per second, carried about 37,500 cubic feet of water per second. Other than the Passaic, three northern basin tributaries, the Ramapo, Wanaque, and Pequannock also experienced extreme flooding. The Rockaway and the Whippany rivers experienced less flooding. Bridges and dams along the Passaic and Ramapo Rivers were destroyed, including a dam at Pompton Lakes, New Jersey. Flooding encompassed 25 percent of Wallington, 20 percent of Passaic and 10.3 miles of Paterson streets. Additionally, 1,200 Paterson residents were displaced due to the flood. The flood, the most severe in the region since the American Colonial Period, caused $7 million in damage (equivalent to $ million in ). The Edison Manufacturing Company produced a short documentary film, Flood Scene in Paterson, N.J., shot a few days after the flood. The flood still ranks as New Jersey's worst. It followed a similar course to the Passaic flood of 1902 that had occurred the prior year. The flood occurred on the Passaic floodplain, which was the site of an ancient lake. This massive lake formed 25,000 years ago after a glacier that covered northern New Jersey retreated. Water collected in this basin and a lake resided there for 2,000 years. At its largest, this lake was 30 miles long and 15 miles wide. The lake eventually drained through Great Notch, but this point has a high elevation so the lake took a long time to drain. The lake did not drain at a more efficient, lower-elevation point because the northward retreat of the Wisconsin glacier blocked the earlier, lower-elevation, drainage point. The slow drainage of the lake allowed time for a floodplain to form, increasing the flooding risk that continues today.
References
Natural disasters in New Jersey
20th-century floods in the United States
1900s floods
1903 natural disasters
1903 natural disasters in the United States
October 1903 events |
72760297 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023%20United%20Kingdom%20floods | 2023 United Kingdom floods | In 2023, the United Kingdom experienced flooding.
January
On 14 January, the Met Office issued 98 flood warnings and 169 alerts across England. The River Ouse broke its banks, causing severe flooding in York which left parts of the city centre submerged, with rescue workers seen travelling down the street in boats. The River Severn also broke its banks in some areas, causing flooding in Shrewsbury. A mother and her six-month-old baby were saved from a flood near Nynehead, Somerset which left their car stuck. In Devon, the River Exe burst its banks between the villages of Oakfordbridge and Exebridge, which also affected Bickleigh. The Great Western Railway faced delays, with two train lines blocked between Bristol Parkway and Swindon, and the line between Bristol Temple Meads, Bath and Swindon. The line between Totnes and Plymouth was also blocked.
On 16 January, severe flooding affected East Sussex after heavy rain overnight. In Hastings, the Priory Meadow Shopping Centre had to be closed after it was severely flooded, as well as the surrounding area. Many roads around in the town closed, as well as parts of many A roads being closed or affected. Other flooded areas included East Lavant, Ashburnham, Shripney, Sedlescombe, Westham and Alfriston. In Polegate, large pumping trucks were called out to deal with surface water which had formed on roads throughout the town. Seven "take action now" flood warnings were issued in Sussex. In Dorset, an industrial estate in Woolsbridge was flooded, and a road was blocked by floodwater in Burton. On 18 January, a major incident was declared in Somerset by the Environment Agency due to flooding risks. On 24 January, the major incident in Somerset came to an end.
On 19 January, part of the A303 in Wiltshire was closed due to flooding.
March
On 23 March, roads flooded near Sea Mills railway station in Bristol.
May
On 9 May, a major incident was declared in Somerset following flash flooding in the Galhampton, North Cadbury and South Cadbury areas following heavy rain. Devon and Somerset Fire and Rescue Service evacuated homes that were flooded. Frome saw roads flooded.
On 19 May, flash flooding closed roads in Weymouth following a thunderstorm.
June
On 12 June 2023, heavy rain and thunderstorms caused flooding in Golders Green in north west London. Watford Junction station was shut causing disruption. In Staffordshire, the A50 road was shut after a flash flood in the Meir tunnel. A Morrisons supermarket in Stamford, Lincolnshire was evacuated when water started pouring in and part of the ceiling collapsed. St Amand's Catholic Primary School in Wantage was shut because of flooding. At Luton and Dunstable University Hospital there was a “localised flooding issue” in the building. Met Office warnings were given on 16 June for weekend floods.
On 20 June, heavy rain and thunderstorms which received a severe weather warning from the Met Office hit England's south coast, causing flash floods. In Brighton, many people's homes were flooded, as well as businesses including a Waitrose shop and a Wetherspoons pub. East Sussex Fire and Rescue Service were called out to 18 flood related incidents in the area, and a woman reportedly broke her ankle after falling on a flooded footpath near Preston Park railway station.
July
On 9 July, flooding hit Flintshire and Wrexham Borough in North Wales. North Wales Police advised motorists to avoid the coast road in Flintshire from Connah's Quay to Greenfield. There were also flood warnings across Sheffield, for Bagley Dike in Grimsthorpe, Meers Brook at Heeley and Tributaries in North Derbyshire and Pontefract. Roads in Birmingham were also flooded.
August
On 27 August, an elderly couple drowned after driving their car into floodwater in Mossley Hill, Liverpool.
September
On 18 September, there was localised flooding in some areas. The worst affected area was the West Country in Southern England. Flash floods ripped through the village of Kenton in Devon. Exeter Airport was closed temporarily when the terminal was flooded. A flood alert was made for coastal areas in East Dorset, Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole. Butlin's Minehead was closed after flooding in Somerset. A Wetherspoons pub in Taunton was flooded. On 27 September 2023, Storm Agnes hit the UK with strong winds and heavy rain, which brought flooding in parts of the UK and Ireland.
October
On 7 October 2023, exceptionally heavy rain hit Scotland causing flooding in Glasgow, North Lanarkshire, South Lanarkshire, Stirlingshire, and other areas. On 19 October 2023, Storm Babet hit Scotland with strong winds and heavy rain, with most parts of Aberdeenshire, Angus, Dundee and Perth and Kinross of rain was predicted to fall in these areas from 19-20 October 2023, causing a red warning for rain in these areas too. The South Yorkshire village of Catcliffe was flooded, despite new flood defences which were installed after the floods of 2007. Flooding caused by Storm Babet killed three people. A flood in West Bridgford, Nottinghamshire caused over £46,000 worth of damage at Notts Gymnastics Academy.
In late October, Britain was hit by further flooding and heavy rain. The Priory Meadow Shopping Centre in Hastings was evacuated after floods. The Ship Inn at Cockwood in Devon collapsed after heavy rain. Localised floods in Lanchester, County Durham caused homes to be evacuated. A man was swept out to sea at Burnham-on-Sea. In Dorset, businesses in Sherborne were damaged by flash floods. A woman in her car was rescued after her car became stuck in a ford at nearby Chetnole. Flash floods also affected the Isle of Wight. In Cornwall, the town of Mevagissey, Fowey, Looe and Polperro were affected by floods.
References
2020s floods in the United Kingdom
2023 floods in Europe
Climate change in the United Kingdom
floods
floods
floods
floods
floods
2023 disasters in the United Kingdom
October 2023 events in the United Kingdom |
72849671 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ward%20v.%20Flood | Ward v. Flood | Ward v. Flood 48 Cal. 49–52 (1874) was the first school segregation case before the California Supreme Court, which established the principle of "separate but equal" schools in California law, 22 years before the United States Supreme Court decided Plessy v. Ferguson. Following Ward v. Flood, litigation over racial segregation in schools in California continued for over a century.
Background
The ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1870 meant that African American men in California finally had the right to vote. However, equal access to education remained a critical issue for communities throughout the state. Black newspapers such as the Pacific Appeal stated, "The proper education of our children is paramount to all other considerations." Although the earliest school laws in California did not specifically mention race, segregated schools existed as early as 1854.
In 1866, the California state legislature enacted a revised law requiring local districts to establish separate schools for children of African, Mongolian, or Indian descent, if petitioned by ten or more parents or guardians of those children. Where such schools did not exist, children of color should be permitted to enroll in school with white children, unless the parent of a white child objected in writing. In practice, this meant that black children in rural areas often did not receive an elementary education. For many families, paying for private school was not an option. According to a professional teachers' organization, as of 1874, one in four black children did not attend school. Where separate schools existed, black children were relegated to second-rate school facilities, funded in part through additional taxes paid by black parents, and often had to walk long distances to school. According to The San Francisco Elevator newspaper, black schools were receiving only two-thirds of the annual appropriation paid per-student to white schools. Furthermore, The Elevator charged that no fewer than 20 counties had misappropriated public funds for colored schools and diverted them to white schools instead.
In April 1870, the California legislature passed a law requiring all children of African and American Indian descent to attend separate schools; local school districts could no longer admit them to white schools using their discretion. The African American community in California responded in anger, and mobilized to try to repeal the new law.
In November 1871, an education convention was held in Stockton, California, at the church of educator Jeremiah B. Sanderson. One of the resolutions they adopted was to petition the legislature to remove the words "children of African descent" from the law, so they could "be allowed educational facilities with other children." Following the convention, Senator Seldon J. Finney of San Mateo County took up the cause, and introduced a bill in the California legislature to end segregation of schools. The bill failed, and in 1872, African American leaders decided to pursue a test case in court.
In April 1872, African American leaders announced that they had selected San Francisco attorney and former state assemblyman John W. Dwinelle to represent the interests of the black community, after interviewing several candidates. In the summer of 1872, they organized meetings in San Francisco, Sacramento, Stockton, and Maryville, to raise money to pay for legal fees, and hired Dwinelle.
Dispute
In 1872, San Francisco had two "colored schools" located at opposite ends of the city, one of which was a small room rented by the Board of Education. Meanwhile, according to The Appeal newspaper, white children had access to "43 or more splendidly built school houses in the city suited or adapted to every neighborhood".
On July 23, 1872, The San Francisco Chronicle reported that several African American parents had attempted to enroll their children in four different schools, but had been denied, and that John W. Dwinelle was planning legal proceedings to overturn these decisions.
One of those parents was Harriet Ward, who had tried to register her eleven-year-old daughter, Mary Frances, at Broadway Grammar School, a "regular" public school for white children in San Francisco, which was the closest to their home. Harriet and A. J. Ward had been residents of San Francisco since 1859. Principal Noah Flood refused to allow their daughter to enroll, advising Mrs. Ward that she should take Mary Frances to one of the "colored schools" as required by the San Francisco Board of Education, since she was black.
Trial
Dwinelle chose Mary Frances Ward as the plaintiff for the case, represented by A. J. Ward as her father and guardian. In September 1872, Dwinelle applied for a writ of mandate, requesting the California Supreme Court to order Flood to admit Mary Frances Ward to the school. He submitted a written affidavit from Harriet Ward stating that the only reason Noah Flood had denied their request to enroll her daughter was due to her race and the school board policy. Attorneys for the school board argued that the colored schools provided an equal education, and claimed that Mary Frances Ward had not completed the prerequisites to enter the lowest grade of the Broadway Grammar School.
On November 22, 1872, the Wards' attorney, John W. Dwinelle appealed to the California Supreme Court, arguing that the existing school code violated both the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments, as well as the Civil Rights Act of 1866. One of his initial arguments, that the exclusion of Mary Frances Ward constituted a "badge of servitude" in violation of the Thirteenth Amendment, was rejected outright by the court, which noted that exclusion of a black child from a white school was not the same as forced slavery.
Dwinelle's main argument was based on the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, which had been enacted in 1868. Echoing Charles Sumner's argument in Roberts v. City of Boston in 1850, Dwinelle contended that forcing black schoolchildren to attend separate schools marked them as "inferior" in the eyes of the rest of society, denying them equal protection under the law.
When the case reached the California high court, Harriet Ward stated in her petition on behalf of her family, "We are all of African descent...residents of San Francisco...[and] have a right to be received...at the school nearest their residence." Meanwhile, Noah Flood maintained that he had merely been following state law, and that the black school would provide Mary Frances with an education "equal" to the white school.
Decision
Eighteen months later, the California Supreme Court ruled against Ward, citing both the Slaughter-House Cases and Roberts v. City of Boston as precedent. The majority opinion held that the privileges and immunities of the Fourteenth Amendment only applied to federal laws, while California public schools were run by the state and were therefore a privilege held through state citizenship rather than U.S. citizenship.
With regard to equal protection, the court ruled in Ward v. Flood that the state was not violating any law, as long as it provided similar educational opportunities to all its citizens. The California Supreme Court cited an 1849 ruling by the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts that segregating schools by race was no different to separating students by age, gender, or special needs. Quoting from Roberts v. City of Boston, the court maintained that having separate schools was not the reason for the "odious caste distinctions" confronting black children.
At the same time, the California high court clearly affirmed that all children had a right to a publicly funded education, which had to be provided to them equally under state law. Further, the state supreme court ruled that excluding black children from white schools would not be allowed unless separate schools were available. If not, they had the right to attend white schools.
Aftermath
In the wake of the Ward v. Flood decision, African Americans in San Francisco protested segregation in education, by boycotting black schools. Local districts also came under increased financial strain during the Long Depression, which started in 1873. Thus, although the California State Supreme Court had upheld segregation, in practice, most school districts in California opted to enroll black students rather than fund two separate school systems, including the Board of Education in San Francisco, which opened its white schools to black children in 1875. Furthermore, in communities where no separate school for black children existed, schools were now required to enroll black children. For many African American children living in rural California, it was their first opportunity to go to elementary school. Between 1875 and 1880, the absentee rate for black students dropped from 40 percent to 17 percent.
By 1880, the California State Legislature temporarily removed all references to race in the school code, but exclusion and segregation continued in some districts including San Francisco, particularly against families of Chinese immigrants. In 1885, the legislature made a further change to the school code, establishing "separate schools for 'children of Mongoloid or Chinese descent".
In 1896, when the Supreme Court of the United States ruled in Plessy v. Ferguson that racial segregation did not violate the United States Constitution, as long as "separate but equal" public facilities were available, it cited several state court decisions, including Ward v. Flood.
Notes
See also
List of United States court cases involving the Fourteenth Amendment
Plessy v. Ferguson
Mendez v. Westminster
References
External links
Ward v. Flood, 48 Cal. 36 (1874) (Caselaw Access Project)
United States Fourteenth Amendment case law
Supreme Court of California case law
United States school desegregation case law
School segregation in the United States
1874 in education
1874 in California
History of San Francisco
Legal history of California
History of racism in California
History of education in California |
72861878 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023%20Auckland%20Anniversary%20Weekend%20floods | 2023 Auckland Anniversary Weekend floods | Beginning on Friday, 27 January 2023, regions across the upper North Island of New Zealand experienced widespread catastrophic floods caused by heavy rainfall, with Auckland being the most significantly affected as the Auckland Anniversary holiday weekend began.
Severe flash flooding occurred across Auckland from around 5:00pm on 27 January local time, after heavy rain in the afternoon. Flooding was widespread across the city, with West Auckland and North Shore being the worst affected areas. NIWA reported that an entire summer's worth of rain fell within one day in what it described as a 1-in-200-year event. The event is considered to be the worst floods in Auckland's modern history. Over the following days other areas of the upper North Island were impacted.
Minister of Finance Grant Robertson stated at the time that the event was New Zealand's costliest non-earthquake event ever, although this record was broken only two weeks later when Cyclone Gabrielle impacted the country.
Background
In January 2023, Auckland and the upper North Island experienced relentless maritime heatwave conditions caused by the annual La Niña cycle and exacerbated by climate change. Heavy rain plagued the northern and eastern areas of the country through most of January, with flooding events shortly after New Year, and Cyclone Hale impacting the country on 10 and 11 January. Before the events of 27 January, there was already sentiment brewing among some in the country that the summer of 2022–23 was the country's "worst summer ever".
According to Victoria University of Wellington climate scientist James Renwick and University of Auckland urban planning lecturer Timothy Welch, Auckland, along with many other areas in the country, experiences ageing stormwater infrastructure systems which are unable to cope with population growth and the impact of climate change. Tar seals and concrete surfaces on roads, carparks, and buildings also prevent rainwater from dispersing into the ground, causing water to pool up and surfaces to flood during heavy rain events. Significant flooding events had previously occurred in Auckland in August 2021 and March 2022.
Timeline
Late January
From 27 January, a tropical atmospheric river carrying a long band of rain and thunderstorms lay mostly stationary over the upper North Island, blocked by a large anticyclone to the southeast of the country which prevented it from moving south across New Zealand. This atmospheric river was brought down into the New Zealand area by the remnant low left behind by Tropical Depression 06F, which moved south into the Tasman Sea.
According to NIWA, Auckland Airport received more than its average monthly rainfall for January () within one day on 27 January. By 10:00 pm on 27 January, other locations in Auckland had reported record daily rainfalls before the day was over; the Museum of Transport and Technology (MOTAT) had had , Albany had had , and Māngere had had . The highest daily rainfall occurred in Māngere, with a total of . Metservice also reported that of rain fell at Albert Park in a span of 34 hours. The peak 2-minute rainfall in Māngere was . Some parts of the city had over of rain within a week. 27 January was declared the wettest day in Auckland on record, with of rain at Auckland Airport exceeding the previous record of . January 2023 was declared the wettest month ever in central Auckland by NIWA, with the total of surpassing the recorded in February 1869.
Some flooding also occurred in the Northland region on 27 January. On 28 and 29 January, the rain spread south of Auckland, causing widespread flooding in the Waikato and Bay of Plenty regions, with some flooding in the Gisborne region. On 31 January, NIWA forecast that the atmospheric river moving through the upper North Island would once again reach Auckland between midnight and dawn. NIWA also reported that a subtropical low-pressure system was predicted to hit Northland that afternoon.
Early February
Following lighter rain on 30 and 31 January, areas of Auckland flooded for a second time on the morning of 1 February after more heavy downpours. MetService reported that about of "intensive rainfall" had fallen in parts of Auckland in the early hours of 1 February. Auckland Emergency Management reported there were landslides and flooding in Devonport. Flooding was reported in several areas including Sandringham, St Lukes, near Eden Park, Onehunga, and Wairau Valley. Whangarei Airport in Northland reported of rain between 9:00 pm on 31 January and 4:00 am on 1 February, with half that amount falling around 9:00 pm.
After the heaviest rains subsided, the risk of landslides in Auckland and across other areas of the North Island persisted due to the extreme amount of water in the soil. Even light rains presented the threat of further slips.
On Saturday 4 February, no rain fell at Auckland Airport for the first time since the floods began.
Other events
While the North Island was being impacted by extreme weather, MetService confirmed that the humid tropical air that had been brought into the New Zealand area also caused some severe weather in the South Island. Severe thunderstorms impacted some areas of Otago and Southland, while the eastern South Island including parts of coastal Canterbury, Otago, and Southland experienced heatwave conditions at the beginning of February. Heavy rain along the western coast of the South Island caused some slips and minor flooding in the West Coast and Tasman regions, closing a portion of SH 6 on Sunday 5 February, while a small tornado hit Greymouth just after midnight on Monday 6 February.
On 28 January, the Interislander ferry MV Kaitaki lost power while sailing between Picton and Wellington in Cook Strait at around 5:00 pm. The ship drifted towards Sinclair Head in rough seas churned up by the weather system impacting the North Island. The crew managed to restore some power and made it to Wellington at around 9:00 pm with the assistance of tugboats. The power outage was determined to not have been caused by the weather.
Cyclone Gabrielle brought further severe weather to the North Island from Sunday 12 February to Thursday 16 February, killing 11 people.
The upper North Island, particularly Auckland, experienced another significant flooding event a few months later on Tuesday 9 May, resulting in one death.
Preparations
The events of Friday 27 January were largely unexpected, with only orange rain warnings having been issued before the beginning of the event. On the evening of 27 January MetService upgraded the orange rain warning in Auckland to a red rain warning, the highest level of warning available, while the city was already flooding.
In anticipation for more heavy rain arriving on Tuesday 31 January and Wednesday 1 February, MetService issued red rain warnings again for Northland, northern Auckland, Coromandel, and parts of the Bay of Plenty, while an orange rain warning was issued for southern and central Auckland. Hato Hone St John bolstered resources across the upper North Island, supermarkets closed their doors early, and residents raced to clean up debris from the first flooding event in preparation for the possible second flooding event. A state of regional emergency was declared in Northland on 31 January in anticipation of the event, which was rescinded the following day after the event turned out to not be as bad as anticipated in the region.
While no phone alerts were issued during the initial events on Friday, on Sunday 29 January, at 7:47pm, Auckland Emergency Management issued an emergency alert across Auckland via the cellular phone network, warning of possible heavy rain and thunderstorms over the following 12-hour period. Another alert was issued at 3:32 pm on Tuesday 31 January, warning of more rain north of Orewa over Tuesday and Wednesday.
Impact
The flooding in Auckland on 27 January affected 25 suburbs in the city, closed major motorways, and left 6,000 to 8,000 homes in need of damage assessment. Multiple slips threatened or destroyed buildings across the city, including a Manukau Coastguard building at French Bay / Otitori Bay. On 28 January shortly before midnight, a landslide in Tauranga destroyed a house. As of 12:00 pm on Wednesday 8 February, 277 red placards, 1,615 yellow placards, and 2,566 white placards had been issued on buildings across Auckland. As of Monday 27 February, there were 357 houses with red placards and 943 houses with yellow placards. A red placard indicates the building is unsafe to enter, a yellow placard indicates the building has restricted access, and a white placard indicates minimal damage.
Emergency services in Auckland responded to 719 weather incidents, answered 2,242 emergency calls, and made 126 rescues on Friday and Saturday morning. A total of 811 water damaged cars had to be manually removed from roads, while 20 water damaged buses were removed from service. Mayor of Auckland Wayne Brown stated that over 200 lifts were reported to not be working across the city after the floods, potentially isolating elderly residents at the top of apartment buildings, but Age Concern Auckland CEO Kevin Lamb stated that they had not had any calls about elderly people experiencing difficulties because of lift outages.
A second event in Auckland on 1 February resulted in several homes, businesses, and roads being inundated by flooding, with major slips being reported. 44 families with 168 members were placed into emergency accommodation after this event, while Fire and Emergency New Zealand responded to 63 incidents, including rescues. In total, 1313 injury claims were made to ACC in relation to the floods.
The New Zealand Insurance Council predicted that the event will result in the highest number of weather related insurance claims on record, with insurance companies expecting that this will be the costliest weather event in New Zealand ever. Over 57,000 insurance claims were made in relation to the floods. AA Insurance stated that the floods were its largest vehicle claims event in history, with an estimated 10,000 cars expected to be written off. The total insurance cost from the event is over NZ$1.8 billion. The previous costliest weather event in New Zealand history for insurance claims was a hailstorm in Timaru in 2019 that caused NZ$170 million of insurance damage. The event also surpassed the total cost of NZ$351 million of weather-related insurance claims in New Zealand during the entirety of 2022, which was previously the highest number in a year ever.
Deaths and evacuations
Four people died on 27 January; two drowned in Wairau Valley on the North Shore, one was killed by a slip in Remuera, and one drowned in the Waikato town of Onewhero, with thousands forced to evacuate their homes. Two children were reported missing in Auckland during the night of Saturday 28 January, and were later found with a woman.
It was expected that hundreds of pets and livestock would need medical care after the Auckland floods. Countless numbers of animals were lost and died in the floods.
On Saturday 28 January, severe flooding in the Waitomo District of the Waikato region resulted in many evacuations, particularly around the town of Te Kūiti.
More people had to be evacuated during the second flooding event in Auckland on Wednesday 1 February.
Infrastructure
By 11:36pm on Friday 27 January, Auckland Transport had announced multiple road closures due to slips, flooding, tree clearing, and storm damage. These roads included:
SH 1 Brynderwyn
SH 12 multiple locations
SH 1 Dome Valley
SH 1 Puhoi
SH 16 between Kumeū and Wellsford
SH 1 Esmonde Road, Takapuna
SH 1 Greville Road, Pinehill
SH 20A Kirkbride Tunnel, Māngere
SH 25A & SH25 Coromandel Peninsula
Multiple other roads were closed in other parts of the island as the rain moved south, while roads across Auckland were closed again on Wednesday 1 February after a second flooding event. A large slip on SH 25A, widely considered to be a lifeline for the Coromandel Peninsula, caused massive disruption in the area.
At the peak of the event on 27 January, approximately 26,500 homes in Auckland were without power, and by 11:36am on Saturday 28 January, 23,000 had had their power restored. As of 12:21pm on Sunday 29 January, 700 homes across Auckland were still without power, while residents of western suburbs were left without water after a slip caused 30 metres of pipe to be washed away in Titirangi. Watercare set up tankers for residents without water and all other parts of the city continued to receive tap water that was safe to drink. The second flooding event on 1 February resulted in 3,000 homes losing power. Northpower reported that 500 of their customers had experienced power cuts, and the Northland town of Waipu experienced a power outage.
On Sunday 29 January at around 4:30am, flooding in the Bay of Plenty region caused a freight train to derail near the town of Te Puke when the weight of the train caused the sodden tracks to collapse. At 4:49pm, Auckland Transport reported 45 roads in the region were closed or had reduced lanes.
Flooding and slips on 27 January resulted in closures across Auckland's rail network, and as of Monday 30 January services on the Western and Eastern Lines were still affected due to slips. The second flooding event on 1 February forced all trains on the Western Line to stop running.
The North Auckland Line was expected to be out of action until at least June.
Four of Auckland's sewage pumping stations were flooded during the events of 27 January, rendering the stations inoperable and causing wastewater spillage into Waitematā Harbour.
Auckland Airport
Auckland Airport suffered severe flooding on its runway and terminal buildings on 27 January. A Qantas flight bound for Sydney with 200 people aboard was stuck on the tarmac, unable to move or be evacuated, with all of its occupants having to stay there overnight. An Air New Zealand flight from Melbourne lost directional control while landing during the storm and damaged several runway edge lights, leading to cancellations and diversions for other flights. An Emirates flight en route from Dubai and an American Airlines flight from Dallas both turned around and returned to their departure airports.
On 28 January, the domestic terminal re-opened at noon. The international terminal re-opened on the morning of Sunday 29 January.
On 30 January, more than 25,000 passengers were expected to fly out of Auckland Airport.
Institutions and business
Kelly Tarlton's Sea Life Aquarium and several chain-owned supermarkets were closed due to extreme flooding on 28 January. The Auckland War Memorial Museum was closed on 28 January, and a lake formed in the lower elevation area of Pukekawa / Auckland Domain that was once a wetland. The basement of the Auckland Art Gallery flooded, requiring 300 artworks to be relocated and assessed by a team of 30. Auckland Zoo was also affected and major flooding occurred in lower-lying areas, after animals like American alligators, bearded dragons and skinks had to be evacuated to higher ground; a kōtare and a zebra finch died, and their bodies were recovered.
The Glenbrook Vintage Railway was also temporarily closed due to flooding damage, while in Northland the Bay of Islands Vintage Railway was temporarily closed due to flood and rain risks.
AA Insurance have also reported claims over NZ$10 million worth of luxury vehicles were "written off" after floodwaters ravaged a North Shore dealership during the floods, leaving at least 50 vehicles seriously damaged. Cars including Volvos, Range Rovers, Jaguars, and others were impacted.
On Monday 30 January, The Ministry of Education had advised all 557 schools, numerous universities, polytechs and early childhood care centres across the Auckland Region to be closed until Tuesday 7 February for further damage assessment. Later, this decision was revised and education centres were allowed to reopen on Thursday 2 February.
Events
Many events which had been planned for the holiday weekend were cancelled. Elton John shows on Friday 27 and Saturday 28 January, as well as the Laneway Festival on Monday 30 January, all in Auckland, were all cancelled due to the flooding and safety concerns, as were some sports events at Eden Park. The Friday night Elton John concert, which 40,000 people were expected to attend, was cancelled shortly before it was due to begin, after 11,000 concert-goers had already arrived. Some people ran into difficulty in floodwaters during the commute home. The weekend's One Love Festival in the city of Tauranga, and the Festival One in Karapiro, Waikato, were also cancelled because of safety concerns and logistics from heavy rain. The Auckland Lantern Festival, scheduled to run from Thursday 2 February to Sunday 5 February in Auckland, was also cancelled for the fourth year in a row. A Fatboy Slim show scheduled for Saturday 28 January in Napier was cancelled, while his show scheduled for Tuesday 31 January on Waiheke Island was postponed until Thursday 2 February. His headlining act at the Gardens Music Festival on 29 January was relocated to Spark Arena.
Mental health
After suffering repeated flooding events in August 2021, March 2022, January 2023, and later February and May 2023, a widespread sense of collective trauma emerged across the Auckland region. The scale and frequency of such events traumatised a large population of people at around the same time, with many facing a sense of stress, anxiety, and helplessness. Residents who had been flooded multiple times reported feeling symptoms of PTSD during periods of rain, including not being able to sleep at night in anticipation of the following day's weather forecast.
Responses
Agencies and organisations
Mayor Wayne Brown declared a state of regional emergency in Auckland at about 9:30pm local time on Friday 27 January, which was made public at 10:22pm. It was the first time a state of regional emergency has been declared in Auckland since the current system was introduced in 2002. The National Emergency Management Agency issued instructions for Aucklanders to only call 111 if life is in imminent danger, as Fire and Emergency New Zealand received over 1,500 calls within three hours in the evening.
From 9:56pm on 27 January, Auckland Emergency Management (AEM) opened Civil Defence Centres to assist displaced people and those needing assistance, first in Kelston, then Wairau Valley and South Auckland, then Māngere East and Māngere Bridge, then Albany. The Government provided NZ$1,100,000 to the city of Auckland via the Mayoral Relief Fund to assist with the recovery after the floods, surpassing the previous highest ever total of NZ$300,000 given to Nelson after floods there in August 2022, as well as providing an additional NZ$700,000 to areas across the whole of the North Island. The New Zealand Defence Force provided assistance in the flood recovery and clean-up, as did the Student Volunteer Army and the Red Cross.
On Saturday 28 January, a state of local emergency was declared in the Waitomo District in the Waikato region after significant flooding, which was rescinded on Monday 30 January, while on Friday 3 February, a state of local emergency was declared in the Thames-Coromandel District in response to slips in the area blocking crucial roads and isolating communities.
On Thursday 9 February, the states of emergency in place in Auckland and the Coromandel were extended in anticipation of Cyclone Gabrielle impacting the country.
On 14 May, the New Zealand Government allocated NZ$941 million from the 2023 New Zealand budget to address flood and cyclone damage caused by both the Auckland Anniversary Weekend floods and Cyclone Gabrielle in the North Island. Of this amount, NZ$275 million would be allocated to Waka Kotahi and local councils to repairing damaged roads, NZ$200 million to repairing railways, NZ$117 million to repairing damaged schools, and NZ$35 million to covering various health services including mental health, general practitioners and frontline health workers. The New Zealand Treasury estimated that the total damage from both the Auckland floods and Cyclone Gabrielle to be between NZ$9 billion to $14.5 billion; with NZ$5 to $7.5 billion being related to infrastructure owned by central and local government.
Individuals
On 28 January, Prime Minister Chris Hipkins and Minister for Emergency Management Kieran McAnulty departed Wellington for Auckland for a daylong visit, landing in Whenuapai shortly after 1:00pm. They then received a briefing from emergency services, visited some affected communities in West Auckland, and assessed the damage from a helicopter. Hipkins toured damaged areas of the city again on Wednesday 1 and Thursday 2 February.
On 30 January, Chris Hipkins and Wayne Brown both stated in separate statements to media that the event is the result of climate change.
On Tuesday 31 January, Hipkins, who only became Prime Minister two days before the flooding began, revealed a new Labour Party caucus. Part of the new caucus was the revival of the role of Minister for Auckland, partly in response to the flooding in the city. Michael Wood was given the role.
On Thursday 2 February, New Zealand's head of state King Charles III sent his condolences to the victims of the floods, as did singer Ed Sheeran.
Criticism of Wayne Brown
Brown declared a state of emergency immediately after the AEM advised him to do so, hours after the extreme weather began, but was widely criticised for his response, which was said to show hesitation and a lack of presence. When questioned on the poor level of preparedness on RNZ by Kim Hill, in a rare public interview, he was unable to confirm whether or not text alerts had been sent out to Aucklanders (which Hill had to clarify to him that they had not been) or if tap water was safe to consume. He then claimed it was "a bit early" and "not helpful" to ask if the floods were caused by climate change. When she asked if his administration's "level of inability to cope was terrifying" he answered "it's definitely worrying. But this is an unprecedented event. It will be interesting to see just how well prepared Wellington is when the earthquake strikes." Wellington as a city is extremely vulnerable to earthquakes; this prompted condemnation for his mocking remarks. Hill challenged him for what she described as "a low blow under the circumstances." He then stated that the delay in declaring an emergency was due to how busy Fire and Emergency workers were, and not something he was responsible for. Brown expressed frustration at fellow officials, accusing them of not providing information to him in a timely manner.
At 3:30pm on Saturday 28 January, Chris Hipkins and Wayne Brown attended a press conference in West Auckland. Brown was criticised for his performance during the conference as he defended his response to the floods. National Party MP Gerry Brownlee, who led the Government's response to the earthquakes in Canterbury, Christchurch, and Kaikōura, accused Brown of "washing his hands" of any responsibility, and said that his response to the event was "somewhat inexplicable". On 30 January, Brown announced an inquiry will take place into the response from both him and his office in the first 24 to 48 hours of the event.
Following the event, there were calls from the public for Wayne Brown to resign as Mayor of Auckland, with a petition for his resignation being set up on Change.org.
On Tuesday 31 January, leaked text messages between Brown and a tennis-based WhatsApp group chat were reported on by the NZ Herald, where he complained on 28 January that "I’ve got to deal with media drongos over the flooding tomorrow so sadly no tennis for me tomorrow." On Wednesday 1 February, the NZ Herald reported on a phone call which occurred between Brown and a Herald reporter on 30 January, where Brown exclaimed "Don't fuck me over" and "I am the mayor for three years. You can’t do anything about that." Brown expressed that he felt misunderstood, and complained about the lack of media coverage of his generally unannounced visits to impacted areas, while also later expressing regret at the leaked conversations, and admitted he needs to improve his communication.
Other criticism
Transport agency Waka Kotahi was criticised after staff responsible for providing updates during the event clocked off for the holiday weekend at 7:30 pm on 27 January while many roads across Auckland were flooding. They resumed updates at 10:30 pm after being instructed to by Minister of Transport Michael Wood. Waka Kotahi apologised on Monday 30 January.
Auckland Transport was criticised after they issued 259 infringements over the weekend after the floods on Friday 27 January, issuing fines for various issues such as parking violations and expired WoFs. After the agency's chief executive was spoken to by Deputy Mayor of Auckland Desley Simpson, group manager of parking services and compliance John Strawbridge said all fines issued between 2:00 pm on Friday and 9:00 am on Wednesday 1 February would be waived.
The Civil Defence emergency alert text messages were sent to Aucklanders about the rain 48 hours after the city was hit by the devastating floods. National Emergency Management Agency, which is a Government agency, received criticism for the 48 hour delay, as the flooding first struck on the evening of 27 January and the alerts were sent out at 7:47 pm on 29 January.
The event sparked discussions about the many natural rivers and wetlands across Auckland city that had been paved over with largely waterproof chipseal during development, with calls being made to daylight Auckland's streams and rivers in order to better cope with heavy rainfall events.
Managed retreat
In response to the North Island floods, several West Auckland residents established an advocacy organisation called "West Auckland is Flooding" (WAIF) in February 2023 to lobby the Auckland Council and New Zealand Government to implement a scheme to relocate people from at-risk properties using insurance payouts and public funding. The group's formation was in response to hundreds of homes in West Auckland being yellow and red-stickered, rendering them uninhabitable as a result of flood damage. The group's chairman Lyall Carter said that many of its members' homes had experienced flooding in both 2021 and January 2023. Following Cyclone Gabrielle in February 2023, Labour Member of Parliament and former cabinet minister Phil Twyford called on the Government to buy out flood damaged homes in the Te Atatū on the grounds that frequent flooding made it "irresponsible and impractical" to rebuild.
In February 2023, the Government confirmed that it was designing a managed retreat strategy for those who lost their homes as a result of the Auckland Anniversary Weekend floods and Cyclone Gabrielle. The Government also indicated that it would incorporate managed retreat into its Climate Change Adaptation Bill. Prime Minister Chris Hipkins also confirmed that he would meet with Climate Change Minister James Shaw to incorporate climate change adaptation into disaster responses.
In early October 2023, the Auckland Council voted unanimously to accept a proposed cost sharing arrangement with the Government to fund over NZ$2 billion in flood recovery and resilience works. This deals including buying out hundreds of "category 3" flood-damaged properties.
Independent review
On 12 April 2023, Bush International Consulting released its independent review into the Auckland Council's emergency management system during the floods. The review had been commissioned by Mayor Brown to examine the responses of all parties, including himself, professionals, and the Government to the floods. The review was led by former Police Commissioner Mike Bush. It found that the council's emergency management system was unprepared for the floods, that Council staff were aware of gaps in preparing for superstorm emergencies but had failed to act, that communications and relationships between key Council and civil defence policy-makers were "insufficiently inclusive" in critical early stages, a failure of leadership among Council and civil defence senior leaders, and that a centralised planning and delivery model weakened local knowledge that would have better supported local communities. The Bush review covered the 48-hour period from January 27 but focused on the first 12 hours of the emergency response. It made 17 recommendations to the council for future extreme weather events, including proposing a separate review into Auckland Emergency Management's prevention, preparedness and planning, the development of new standard operating procedures for extreme weather events in Auckland, better training and resources for emergency management personnel, and more frequent emergency management training exercises. Brown accepted the recommendations of the Bush Report and stated that he had "dropped the ball" during the events of 27 January 2023.
See also
2021 central New Zealand floods
2023 in New Zealand
Cyclone Gabrielle
List of natural disasters in New Zealand
List of disasters in New Zealand by death toll
Notes
References
2023 meteorology
2023 floods in Oceania
2023 disasters in New Zealand
2020s in Auckland
January 2023 events in New Zealand
February 2023 events in New Zealand
Floods in New Zealand
Weather events in New Zealand
2023 floods
2023 in New Zealand |
72881681 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floodtide%20%28novel%29 | Floodtide (novel) | Floodtide is a 1950 historical novel by the American writer Frank Yerby. It was ranked seventh on the Publishers Weekly list of bestselling novels that year. Like many of his works of the era it is set in the South during the nineteenth century.
Synopsis
Ross Pary, the son of a saloon from the poor district of Natchez Under-the-Hill, schemes and fights his way up to join the slaveowner plantation elite of Mississippi.
References
Bibliography
Hill, James Lee. Anti-heroic Perspectives: The Life and Works of Frank Yerby. University of Iowa, 1976.
Korda, Michael. Making the List: A Cultural History of the American Bestseller, 1900–1999 : as Seen Through the Annual Bestseller Lists of Publishers Weekly. Barnes & Noble Publishing, 2001.
1950 American novels
American historical novels
Novels by Frank Yerby
Dial Press books
Novels set in the 19th century
Novels set in Mississippi |
72887947 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilfrid%20Flood | Wilfrid Flood | Wilfrid John Flood (January 17, 1904 – March 28, 1946) was an English-born Canadian cartographer and artist.
He was born in Dalston, England and studied at the Bolt Court School of Art in London. Flood immigrated to Canada in May 1924, settling in Ottawa. He worked as a draughtsman and cartographer for the federal Department of Mines and Resources; he later was employed with the National Research Council. He was guided in his artistic development by Franklin Brownell, Ernest Fosbery and Frederick Varley.
Flood provided illustrations for various publications including The Romance of Canada by A.L. Burt, a high school history textbook. He also provided maps and drawings for the Canadian Geographical Journal between 1936 and 1939.
Paintings by Flood have been exhibited at the National Gallery of Canada, the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, the Art Gallery of Ontario and the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts. One of his paintings was included in an exhibit of Canadian art at the 1939 New York World's Fair. In 2023, Wilfrid Flood (1904-1946): A Passion for Pictures, a holding of the gallery's extensive collection of works by Flood, was shown at the Ottawa Art Gallery.
He served as president of the Ottawa Art Club from 1932 to 1934 and was secretary for the Art Association of Ottawa from 1933 to 1946. Flood was a founding member and first secretary for the Ottawa branch of the Federation of Canadian Artists. With Henri Masson, he was a founding member of Les Confreres du Caveau, an Ottawa association of painters.
During WWII, Flood painted the sky and scenery in a realistic “torpedo attack teacher” designed to train officers in a simulated naval engagement.
Flood was a member of the Canadian Society of Painters in Water Colour and the Canadian Society of Graphic Art and was elected to the Ontario Society of Painters in 1942.
Flood died of a heart attack in Ottawa at the age of 42.
References
1924 births
1946 deaths
20th-century Canadian painters
Artists from Ottawa
Canadian cartographers
English emigrants to Canada
People from Dalston |
73101816 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023%20S%C3%A3o%20Paulo%20floods%20and%20landslides | 2023 São Paulo floods and landslides | During the 2023 Brazilian Carnival holiday weekend, record-breaking rainfall—reaching in 24 hours—caused deadly floods and landslides across the state of São Paulo. At least 65 people were killed, of which 64 were in São Sebastião.
Background
The affected regions of São Paulo are located in coastal communities surrounded by mountains. On 18–19 February 2023, an area of low pressure off the coast of Brazil brought moist onshore flow, leading to significant rainfall in the region. The São Paulo mountains enhanced the rainfall through an orographic lift. A total of fell in just 24 hours in Bertioga just outside of São Sebastião. The city observed in the same period. Other significant totals include in Guarujá, in Ilhabela, and in Ubatuba. The rainfall in Bertioga was the greatest such total in a 24-hour span on record in the country. This far exceeded the previous record of on 15 February 2022, which caused deadly floods in Petrópolis. Meteorologists at MetSul Meteorologia suggested this could be among the highest non-tropical cyclone rainfall totals in the world.
Further rains on 21 February exacerbated conditions. The local meteorological agency warned of further rains on 22 and 23 February.
Impact
The prolific rains caused a cascade of landslides and mudslides across São Paulo, with the city of São Sebastião being especially hard-hit. As of 21 February, authorities confirmed 44 fatalities, with 43 of those in São Sebastião and the rest in Ubatuba. As of 26 February, the number of deaths increased to 65, with 64 of those in São Sebastião. A further 24 people suffered injuries, six seriously, and dozens of people remain missing. At least 50 homes were destroyed in São Sebastião. At least 2,496 people were displaced or left homeless. The Rio-Santos highway, the main road in the region connecting it to Rio de Janeiro state, suffered extensive damage, with numerous landslides covering or destroying stretches of the road. Another road connecting Santos with Bertioga was blocked off.
Landslides from the rainfall on 21 February impacted Juqueí, displacing 80 people.
Wind exceeding and waves of more than prompted the closure of the Port of Santos on 18 February.
Response
Local emergency management agencies quickly dispatched more than 100 firefighters for search and rescue operations. By 21 February, more than 600 personnel from the Government of the State of São Paulo, the Brazilian Army, the Federal Police, the municipal government of São Sebastião, and volunteers were on the ground searching for survivors. A two-year-old and a mother in the middle of giving birth were rescued from what they called "a sea of mud". By 21 February, 7.5 tons of relief goods including food, water and hygiene kits were distributed in São Paulo. Some aid efforts were hampered due to criminal activities like looting trucks carrying donations.
Governor Tarcísio de Freitas declared a state of emergency for 5 cities on 20 February. A 180-day "state of calamity" was subsequently declared for São Paulo. That day, Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva toured the affected areas and stated that São Sebastião would be rebuilt in safer areas. He advised those living on the hillsides to move to other locations. On 22 February, the NAM Atlântico set sail from the Rio de Janeiro Navy Arsenal with a field hospital on board, with a capacity that could be increased to up to 300 beds. The vessel arrived at the port of São Sebastião on 23 February, also carrying 28 medics of several specialties including surgeons, dentists and orthopedists, as well as 180 marines who were designated to operate heavy machinery in aid of the search and rescue efforts.
Brazilian Carnival festivities were cancelled in Bertioga, Ilhabela, São Sebastião, and Ubatuba.
See also
Weather in 2023
Climate of Brazil
References
External links
2020s floods in Brazil
2023 disasters in Brazil
2023 floods in South America
February 2023 events in Brazil
2023 floods and landslides
Landslides in 2023
Landslides in Brazil |
73116738 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023%20South%20Africa%20floods | 2023 South Africa floods | The floods in South Africa in February-March 2023 were caused by heavy rainfall as a result of the La Niña weather phenomenon, affecting seven provinces, including Eastern Cape, Northern Cape, Mpumalanga, KwaZulu-Natal, and North West. The floods have caused casualties and damage to homes, businesses, basic infrastructure, roads, bridges and affected crops and livestock.
At least twelve people have died across the provinces and others are missing. In addition to that, two more fatalities have been reported in King Sabata Dalindyebo Local Municipality (Eastern Cape Province), and one person in Komani Town (formerly Queenstown). Several people have been evacuated in Lekwa Local Municipality and residents in the area of Vaal, Vanderkloof, and Bloemhof dams along the Orange River (Northern Cape Province) were invited to evacuate after controlled water discharge operate by local authorities. In Mpumalanga province, about 300 families have been evacuated.
The South African Weather Service predicted "persistent and heavy" rains ahead, with the risk of further flooding due to "waterlogged soils and saturated rivers".
In response to the floods, President Cyril Ramaphosa declared on February 13 the State of National Disaster in seven provinces.
On 23 March, heavy rainfall caused flash flooding in parts of the Eastern Cape. The worst affected municipalities were Ingquza Hill, King Sabata Dalindyebo, and Port St Johns. Local authorities reported at least three people died and one was reported missing. The flooding caused collapsed bridges, limiting movement in the flood-hit Port St Johns area.
The cost of the damage was estimated to be around R4.5 billion in Eastern Cape and R337 million in Mpumalanga.
See also
2022 KwaZulu-Natal floods - deadly floods in 2022
References
2023 floods in Africa
2023 in South Africa
Floods in South Africa
2023 disasters in South Africa
February 2023 events in Africa
March 2023 events in Africa |
73134271 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/After%20the%20Flood%20%28TV%20series%29 | After the Flood (TV series) | After the Flood is an upcoming British crime mystery thriller series written by Mick Ford and directed by Azhur Saleem. It stars Sophie Rundle as PC Joanna Marshall, a police officer investigating the death of an unidentified man after a natural disaster struck. The series is produced by Quay Street Productions for ITV and ITVX.
Plot
When an unidentified man was found dead in an underground car park after a devastating flood, PC Joanna Marshall is commissioned to investigate the truth of the man's death.
Cast
Sophie Rundle as PC Joanna Marshall
Philip Glenister as Jack Radcliffe
Jonas Armstrong as Lee
Nicholas Gleaves as DS Phil Mackie
Jacqueline Boatswain as Sarah Mackie
Matt Stokoe as Pat
Lorraine Ashbourne as Molly Marshall
Production
Development
In a press conference announcing the series' commission, executive producers Nicola Shindler and Richard Fee stated their interest in producing the series after the series' writer, Mick Ford presented the outline to them. Writer Mick Ford stated:
Casting
On 16 February 2023, it was announced that Sophie Rundle was cast as lead character PC Joanna Marshall, alongside Philip Glenister, Lorraine Ashbourne and Nicholas Gleaves.
Filming
Filming has begun in March 2023 in Glossop, Derbyshire.
References |
73281417 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Dark%20Flood | The Dark Flood | The Dark Flood is a detective novel written by Deon Meyer as the seventh installment of the Benny Griessel Mysteries and his 14th crime novel. Originally published in Afrikaans by Human and Rousseau in 2020, the novel was translated by K.L. Seegers into English and published in the U.S and UK in 2022. It follows two detectives, Benny Griessel and Vaughn Cupido, who are demoted from the elite Hawks unit of the South African Police Service (SAPS) and Sandra Steenberg, a real-estate agent in Stellenbosch, South Africa.
Plot
The novel opens with a cash-in-transit heist which Captains Benny Griesel and Vaughn Cupido are charged to prevent. The operation quickly turns chaotic, and a shootout occurs. Vaughn Cupido defuses a hostage situation and Griessel saves Phila Zamisa from being shot. An illegal firearm is confiscated and sent to Buddy Fick.
Later, Griesel and Cupido face a disciplinary hearing for insubordination concerning events in the previous installment, The Last Hunt. They are demoted to Warrant Officers, put on temporary leave, and reassigned to Laingsburg, South Africa. Their former boss at the Serious and Violent Crimes Unit, Mbali Kaleni, manages to lessen their punishment after confronting General Mandala Khaba. Their leave is shortened, and they are re-assigned to Stellenbosch, South Africa, a picturesque town which is home to Stellenbosch University.
While on leave, Warrant Officers Griesel and Cupido receive several mysterious notes from an unknown source, revealing pictures of General Khaba, a provincial commander, who holds a confiscated illegal weapon, specifically an S & W 500 revolver. Griesel notices a white Honda Ballade tailing him. A last note requests a meeting at the waterfront. Before this occurs, they learn someone in a white Honda Ballade was killed in a drive-by shooting. Over time, they learn it was a police officer named Milo April. The detectives investigate off-book and Mbali Kaleni supports them.
When they return to work, their new boss is the strict Colonel Witkop Jansen. Captain Rowan Geneke gives them their first assignment, which is a missing persons case for a college student named Calvyn “Callie” Wilhelm de Bruin. They conduct a serious investigation, checking license plates, interviewing tenants of his dorm, viewing security footage, and putting out inquiries. They learn that Callie was interested in hacking and that someone in a hoodie entered his apartment using his student ID after he went missing. Expensive clothes and computer equipment are also found in his apartment despite Callie's mother noting his unemployment and his small 700-rand allowance. The detectives see that his hard drive his missing.
Their best lead is Roland “The Rolster” Parker, the only “friend” Callie has been seen with by witnesses. They question him several times at his house in Cloetesville, with few results. They later learn that Parker was a cat burglar and that, rather than making mundane Droppa deliveries for Callie as stated, Parker had helped Callie procure and sell illegal items. Callie scouted Parker by hacking the police Krim system and clearing his criminal record. They find footage of Parker selling a Krugerrand, illegally obtained (Callie located by hacking and Parker procured), to a pawn shop. They also discover Callie's considerable hidden assets at Capitec Bank, separate from his FNB account.
At a secret meeting with Chriselda Plaatjies, Milo April's fiancé, the detective duo and Mbali Kaleni learn that April was killed because he discovered that corrupt officers were selling illegal, confiscated weapons to gangs.
Simultaneously, a subplot occurs throughout the novel involving a real-estate agent, Sandra Steenberg. Her husband Josef is an academic on sabbatical to write a book, and she has two children, Anke and Bianca. She has financial trouble after multi-billionaire Jasper Boonstra's corruption and legal troubles caused a crash in the local economy. Ironically, she begins work to secretly sell one of Boonstra's expensive properties, Donkerdrif, to cure this problem. She faces sexual harassment and innuendo both from Boonstra and her boss, Charlie Benson, throughout this process. She pursues several leads to sell the property, but ultimately finds success through Mareli Volster, a lawyer representing a wealthy client. Right as she is almost finished, she thinks Boonstra touched her rear and pushes him down the stairs of his house, killing him. She panics and hides the body in a property owned by clients. Next door, she sees Callie de Bruin and anonymously tips the police off, holding civic duty over personal preservation.
Griessel investigates Boonstra's death. Boonstra's lawyer, Meinhardt Sarazin, tries to inhibit the investigation while his wife, Lettie, helps Sandra, who she saw commit the crime on camera. Griessel is interrupted when Steenberg tips off the police and joins Cupdio and Phila Zamisa in the operation to rescue Callie. Cupido is shot, not fatally, and Callie is rescued. They learn that he discovered Buddy Fick's illegal selling of police confiscated firearms to gangs, as Milo April did, while he was hacking to locate weapons to sell for high prices to America. He used this information to blackmail Fick instead but was kidnapped and tortured. The man in the hoodie was a gang member who stole the computer hard drive to prevent Callie's data-bomb reveal of the conspiracy, which would have happened regardless. Zamisa stops Griessel from killing Fick. Steenberg's crime is not discovered.
Main characters
Warrant Officer Benjamin (Benny) Griessel: The main character of the novel. A recovering alcoholic, he struggles against the temptation to drink. He is divorced and has a daughter and son, Fritz, whom he has a strained relationship with and whose film school tuition he is paying.
Warrant Officer Vaughn Cupido: Benny Griessel's partner. He has a girlfriend whom he met and pursued a relationship with in the previous installment, The Last Hunt. Other characters note that his is loud and is very confident in himself. He has had significant weight gain since the last novel and is trying to lose weight in this novel.
Lieutenant Colonel Mbali Kaleni: Griessel and Cupido's former boss in the Serious & Violent Crimes Unit. She is also known as “The Flower.” She helps the detectives’ decision to pursue the Milo April incident off-the-book.
Sandra Steenberg: A Stellenbosch real-estate agent who becomes involved in a secret land deal with entrepreneur Jasper Boonstra.
Jasper Boonstra: A local, incredibly wealthy and infamous businessman who partakes in underhanded and illegal market practices which have gained him ridicule but as yet no legal repercussions. His numerous sexual harassment scandals and rumored criminal activities would result in the company Schneider-Konig and others from leaving Stellenbosch, thus plunging the economy into disarray.
Lettie Boonstra: Jasper Boonstra's wife, who is seeking a divorce for his continued unfaithfulness. She has known him since college and is disappointed by his decline, greed, and ego.
Mareli Volster: A lawyer representing a wealthy American client, Demeter, who sought to, and ultimately purchased the Donkerdrif property.
Warrant Officer Milo April: Killed in a crash while investigating, off-the-record, the disappearance of guns seized by the SAPS in raids.
Calvyn (Callie) Wilhelm de Bruin: The missing university student in Stellenbosch. He's known to be reclusive and an excellent programmer. He started fencing stolen goods which earned him illegal money he would use to buy his mother a house.
Annemarie de Bruin: Callie's mother and a single mother. She reported Callie's disappearance to the Stellenbosch police and has a close relationship with her son.
Roland Parker: Callie's business partner. Known as “Rolster” by his mother and “The Rolster” to others. He stole goods from wealthy homes he installed security systems in. He lives with his mother in Cloetsville, north of Stellenbosch.
Lieutenant Colonel Phila Zamisa: Lieutenant Colonel of the Borland Task force that resolves the cash-in-transit heist at the beginning of the novel. Griessel saves his life. Was also a part of the council that decided Griessel and Cupido's fate after the events of the Last Hunt. Was involved in the extraction of Callie de Bruin.
General Mandala Khaba: In the council that decided Griessel and Cupido's fate. He wanted to remove them from the police force based on the events in The Last Hunt.
Colonel Buddy 'The Flash' Fick: Head of the SAPS Confiscated Firearms Store in Silverton, outside Tshwane. Known for his meticulous, controlling personality, overbearing strictness, and polished uniform. Responsible for the kidnap of Callie de Bruin.
Lieutenant Colonel Waldemar 'Witkop' Jansen: Griessel and Cupido's boss in Stellenbosch. Known for being “old-school,” he brutally admonishes Griessel & Cupido when they did not have any leads in the Callie de Bruin case.
Milo April: A police officer who sent mysterious messages to Cupido and Griessel alluding to a police corruption plot he had discovered within the confiscated firearms department of the SAPS. He was murdered before he could reveal what he knew.
Chriselda Plaatjies: Milo April's fiancé who revealed what he had uncovered but was unable to tell before his death when she agreed to a secret meeting at Mbali Kaleni's house.
Desiree Coetzee: IT project manager and Cupido's girlfriend he met in the last book. She has a son, Donovan whom Cupido is close with.
Alexa Barnard: Griessel's girlfriend he met in Alcoholics Anonymous. They recovered together and currently live in Belleville, Western Cape. Griessel busies himself with painting her house as he awaits his assignment after the hearing.
Fritz Griessel: Griessel's estranged son who is studying film. He is dubious at his father's motivation to become closer to him due to Griessel's alcoholism, resulting in distrust in his father's ability to maintain his sobriety.
Translations
The Dark Flood was originally published in Afrikaans by NB-Uitgewers in 2020 and translated in English by K.L. Seegers in 2021 to be sold in the US and UK. The novel was also translated in German (titled Todstunde) by Aufbau Verlaine and in the Netherlands (titled Donkerdrif) by A.W. Bruna.
The English edition includes a glossary of Afrikaans words in the back due to the many Afrikaans words that were used throughout the novel. Meyers states that he has a translator who does the main translations but he tweaks her work to best convey his meaning. This includes usage of the Afrikaans words to best convey the setting and culture
Style
Structure
The novel is broken into two main perspectives, with the omniscient narrator divulging events with Sandra Steenberg and the detective duo Griessel and Cupido. Occasionally in the middle and end of the novel, Cupido and Griessel have separate narrations to describe their experiences investigating the Callie de Bruin and Jasper Boonstra cases separately. The two main perspectives changed simultaneously throughout the story, and eventually, Steenberg and the detective duo's stories meet. This is done frequently to either develop suspence, characters, or reveal an unreliable narrator.
Genre
A wide selection of criminal activities, such as theft, cybercrime, and corruption of the state & police are included in The Dark Flood.
The Dark Flood has been classified as a thriller, due to the fast-paced action, and a police procedural due to the intimate focus on police practices during the investigations and the involvement of police tensions into the story. Meyer's portrayal of police officers and their investigation techniques in The Dark Flood and his other novels is described as “outstanding,” characteristic of that genre.
Themes
State capture and government corruption
State capture is a specific government corruption in which economic influence is wielded by corporations, businesses, or wealthy individuals in order to secure "narrow and selfish" goals through the method of influencing State policies. This issue is thoroughly highlighted in The Dark Flood and is described as "South Africa's systemic political corruption." Systemic corruption occurs when corruption is present on the small scale (petty bribes among low-level officials) and the large scale (large misuse of public funds). The South African democratic state ended some forms of corruption during apartheid and propagated others.
State corruption has produced crashes in local real-estate markets, in reference to Sandra Steenberg's financial troubles and is the reason for Griessel and Cupido's demotion. This is also mentioned several times by Cupido and Griessel themselves over the course of the novel, and Griessel struggles with his quest for justice alongside "state sanctioned crime."
State capture was prevalent under the Jacob Zuma administration in South Africa and remains a problem in the modern day. State capture can manifest in fostering bad governance, politically motivated appointments, seizure of State assets, misuse of government funds, and various other problems, such as the police corruption and politics faced by Cupido and Griessel, which occur.
Police corruption
A severe issue that has been noticed around the globe is police corruption. Milo April himself states this in his anonymous note to Griessel that there is "an adder" in the force. This event is important in driving the plot forward. Milo April had learned, as Callie de Bruin did, that police corruption had resulted in officers selling confiscated weapons to gangs. This plotline culminates in the arrest of Buddy Fick and the rescue of Callie de Bruin.
Since the birth of democracy in 1994, police corruption has been a difficult problem to quantify. Generally, South Africa has a history of police corruption with large mistrust of the police force from citizens and even from other members of the SAPS, where many officers believed there was corruption in their own station. Shown in The Dark Flood, there is corruption in all levels of the SAPS, with many high-level officers working with organized gangs.
Although The Dark Flood does not delve into the causes of police corruption, the close bonds between officers and the hierarchy within the police system causes officers to turn their backs on misconduct in case they need a favor later. The motivation by citizens and other police officers is not great enough to bring the crimes into the open due to events that follow (i.e. court cases, mistrust among other officers).
Income disparities and financial crisis
The income disparity between the residents of Stellenbosch are shown in The Dark Flood. Between 2012 and 2018, the income disparity in Stellenbosch increased dramatically compared to neighboring municipalities. In Stellenbosch, the wealthy live “only a few kilometers away” from impoverished neighborhoods. Meyer himself describes this as “abject poverty” and believes that a majority of crime occurs in poverty-stricken neighborhoods.
The financial crisis in Stellenbosch is akin to the scandal of Steinhoff International by Markus Jooste, whose fraud pocketed people's retirement funds. His rise to wealth and association with foreign companies lead readers to make this comparison.
Misogyny, sexual harassment and rape
Misogyny and sexual harassment are also explored with the character Sandra Steenberg, who is exposed to sexism on a daily basis from her boss, Charlie Benson, and is harassed by "skirt chaser" Jasper Boonstra with innuendo. In general, workplace sexual harassment has been gaining awareness in recent years, with high numbers of South African men and women reporting sexual harassment in their workplace. Sexual harassment is seen as the sexualization of non-sexual relationships, mostly women with men in authority. This is known as the power-differential interpretation.
The transition into democracy forced these issues into the limelight, especially when crime statistics were posted representing all groups, but sexual harassment and rape have been receiving a growing cyber presence in recent years. Even though South Africa did not experience the #MeToo movement in 2018 to the same extent other advanced economies did, a number of rape cases in 2012 and 2013 in South Africa sparked the discussion of the sex crimes against women, especially the Anene Booysen case in 2013 which happened less than two months after the Jyoti Singh Pandey case that sparked national outrage and protests in India, which in turn, outraged South Africa as well.
Steenberg believed that she was about to be raped before pushing Boonstra down the stairs of his Baronsberg home. High levels of rape are reported that have generally remained unchanged over the years according to official statistics released by the SAPS.
Racism and justice
This theme is explored through Roland Parker's character, who is a person of color. His unpleasant disposition and his attempt to evade Warrant Officers Cupido and Griessel is partially due to his race and the unfair treatment and prejudice against minorities in the South African society and the justice system.
In a post-apartheid world, whites in South Africa disapprove apartheid while perpetuating internalized superiority against colored people. This percolates into all parts of society, including the justice system.
Under apartheid, there were only a handful of crime novels but afterwards, there is a boom of crime novels and authors. Meyer notes himself that the apartheid system itself is what drove people away from writing novels because this system made people believe that justice did not exist. In his other novels (such as Heart of the Hunter and Dead Before Dying), commentary by Meyer about racism is greater.
Alcoholism
A recurrent theme of alcoholism, how it affects Griessel as a police officer, and its consequences is explored in The Dark Flood Griessel is a recovering alcoholic who has been tenuously maintaining sobriety for a decently long period by the events of The Dark Flood. His relationship with his son, Fritz, has been negatively impacted by this habit and the story explores Griessel's attempts to restore this relationship as the case of a missing college student feels personal in regard to his college-age son. Griessel also met his fiance, Alexa, through a recovery program for alcoholics.
Disproportionately, alcoholism affects police officers compared to the rest of the population, with the stress and trauma of the job along with the social aspect of drinking being contributing factors.
Critical reception
Overall, The Dark Flood was received well by reviewers. Times UK notes that Meyer roots his novels on the socio-political issues of the day and there is no shortage of critique against South African politics, to the point that it is considered “biting.” Despite the serious issues that are brought up, The Dark Flood is still considered humorous by many and delves into personal conflicts and relationships between characters at the same time of the investigations to create a satisfying novel. Meyer's short chapters and frequent uses of nicknames and Afrikaans words interrupt the flow of reading make some lose focus of the general plot. It has been noted that the large cast of characters is confusing at times.
In March 2023, The Dark Flood was nominated for a Barry Award, as best Mystery or Crime Novel of 2023. The winner will be announced in September.
References
Crime novels
Thriller novels
Novels by Deon Meyer
2020 novels |
73304595 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023%20Turkey%20floods | 2023 Turkey floods | The 2023 Turkish floods were a series of devastating floods that occurred in two Turkish provinces, Şanlıurfa and Adıyaman, on 15 March 2023. The floods were caused by torrential rains that occurred just one month after a deadly earthquake struck the same regions.
Impact
At least 21 people died in the floods; 17 in Şanlıurfa and four in Adıyaman. Among the dead included a one-year-old child. A container home in Tut, where earthquake survivors were living, was swept away, killing two people, and four others were reported missing. In Şanlıurfa, five Syrian nationals were found dead inside a flooded basement apartment, while two other bodies were retrieved from a trapped van at an underpass. Additionally, four people were killed, and two firefighters were reported missing.
The floods caused extensive damage, and several people were evacuated from a drenched campsite where earthquake survivors were sheltering in tents. In Şanlıurfa, the intensive care unit of the Eyyübiye Training and Research Hospital was flooded, forcing 25 patients to be evacuated. Floods affected traffic; an underpass in Haliliye District was flooded and trapped many people in vehicles. Nearly 2,000 homes and offices were damaged in the province.
Rescue operations
The Turkish disaster management agency reported that more than a dozen professional divers were involved in the rescue efforts in each of the two provinces. Firefighters rescued trapped vehicle occupants at an underpass in Haliliye District.
Impact on earthquake survivors
The floods have increased the misery of thousands of people who were already left homeless and displaced by the earthquake that struck the same region on 6 February 2023, which resulted in the deaths of more than 59,000 people, and collapsed or severely damaged 300,000 buildings.
Response
The Turkish government pledged to provide assistance to those affected by the floods and urged citizens to remain vigilant and take necessary precautions during the ongoing severe weather conditions.
Deputy chairman for the Republican People's Party, Ali Öztunç, criticized the Justice and Development Party, calling them incompetent and uninterested in assisting the affected.
On 15 March, the General Directorate of Meteorology said rain was expected in the earthquake-affected area for the next five days.
See also
2023 flash floods in Greece, Turkey and Bulgaria
References
Floods
2023 floods in Asia
Floods
2023
History of Adıyaman Province
History of Şanlıurfa Province |
Subsets and Splits