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0.403171 | 2698a789a0e24c85993ee691d2d8a03b | Summed probability distributions of dated paleobotanicals from El Gigante rockshelter.Genera representative of tree crops, field crops, and other agricultural domesticates are compared against the regional archaeological chronology and the summed probability distribution of all the available radiocarbon dates for the rockshelter. Regional cultural periods defined in Fig 3 are shaded to provide chronological context for the appearance of economically important plant species. | PMC10289419 | pone.0287195.g004.jpg |
0.522836 | 206903e79e174e089dbdc76621269249 | Percentages of select tree crops (green) and field crops (yellow) from the El Gigante rockshelter and an index of tree crop to field crop (TC/FC) use.Taxa with comparatively low counts are additionally plotted with a 4x exaggeration (gray) to show trends. Changing percentages of tree and field crops are shown relative to the regional archaeological chronology. This general index shows the use of field crops peaked during the Late Formative and Classic periods at El Gigante, while tree crops were predominant during all other periods. | PMC10289419 | pone.0287195.g005.jpg |
0.449957 | ecd76b90207441c4ac47c87bebf5c05f | PBX1 expression is downregulated in Peripheral blood B cell of SLE patients, especially in SLE-DS patients, and negatively correlated with SLEDAI score of SLE patients. A. The relative expression of PBX1 in Peripheral blood B cell of SLE, SLE-DS patients and health dornors. B. The correlation between the relative expression of PBX1 in CD19+ B cells and SLEDAI score from SLE patients. Data are displayed as mean ± s.e.m. *P < .05; **P < .01; ***P < .001 (two-tailed Student t test). SLE = systemic lupus erythematosus, SLEDAI = The Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index, SLE-DS = demyelinating syndrome in systemic lupus erythematosus. | PMC10289687 | medi-102-e34079-g001.jpg |
0.423107 | cba7eaf627984b7882b9debb3e6fde71 | NFIC is an NR5A2 interactor and an acinar regulator.A HOMER de novo motif analysis for NR5A2, PTF1A and GATA6 ChIP-Seq in mouse pancreata showing enrichment in NF1/NFI motifs. B SpaMo analysis showing distance conservation of the NR5A2 and NFIC motifs in the regions bound by NR5A2. C IP-MS analysis using lysates from normal mouse pancreas reveals that NFIC is among the top NR5A2 interactors identified (one-tailed T-test with a permutation-based FDR control was used for statistical analysis). D Immunoprecipitation-western blotting analysis showing that NFIC and NR5A2 are part of the same complex in adult, but not in embryonic, pancreas (one representative image of 2 independent experiments shown). E Expression of NFI transcripts in mouse (left panel, n = 4 replicates) or human (right panel, GTEX n = 328 samples) pancreata assessed by RNA-Seq showing that NFIC is the family member expressed at highest levels. F ChIP-qPCR shows binding of NR5A2 and PTF1A at the Nfic promoter (one region in NR5A2 peak1 and two regions in NR5A2 peak3), compared to a control (Neg) region (normalized to unrelated IgG) (n = 4/group, two-tailed Mann–Whitney U-test) (Nfic #1: PTF1A, P = 0.3429; NR5A2, P = 0.028) (Nfic #2: PTF1A, P = 0.028; NR5A2, P = 0.048) (Nfic #3: PTF1A, P = 0.028; NR5A2, P = 0.028). G ChIP-qPCR of NR5A2 and NFIC binding to the promoter of digestive enzyme genes and Nr0b2; controls as in panel F (n = 6/group, two-tailed Mann-Whitney U-test) (NR5A2 ChIP: Cela, Cpa1, Ctrb1, Pnlip and Nr0b2, P = 0.002; NFIC ChIP: Cela, Ctrb1, Pnlip and Nr0b2, P = 0.002; Cpa1, P = 0.005). H IHC analysis of NFIC expression in normal adult mouse pancreas showing higher expression in acinar cells and lower expression in endocrine and ductal cells (insets) (One representative image of 4 replicates is shown, scale bar = 10 μm). I Lentiviral Nfic knockdown in 266-6 cells showing reduced expression of transcripts coding for digestive enzyme transcripts and pancreatic TFs (RT-qPCR) (left panel, two-tailed Mann–Whitney U-test); western blotting analysis of the corresponding samples interfered with non-targeting (NT) or Nfic-targeting shRNAs (n = 3/group; one representative image of 3 independent experiments is shown). (Ptf1a in Nfic sh#1, P = 0.003 and in Nfic sh#2, P = 0.002; Rbpjl in Nfic sh#1, P = 0.0001 and in Nfic sh#2, P = 0.0004; Cela2a in Nfic sh#1, P = 0.0012 and in Nfic sh#2, P = 0.009; Ctrb1 in Nfic sh#1, P = 0.01 and in Nfic sh#2, P = 0.15). J
Ela1b-luciferase promoter-reporter analysis shows increased activity upon expression of NFIC in HEK293 cells (n = 4/group) (P = 0.029). Barplots are presented as mean values +/− SD. Boxplots show the minimum, the maximum, the sample median, and the first and third quartiles. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. | PMC10290102 | 41467_2023_39291_Fig1_HTML.jpg |
0.401793 | 5033ad46ae1f4294a5ab60728f27e763 | NFIC is required for normal acinar cell differentiation.A The pancreas of Nfic-/- mice has a reduced relative size (n = 3/group, two-tailed Student T-Test, P = 0.0013). B Principal component analysis of the RNA-Seq transcriptomes from WT and Nfic-/- mice. C RT-qPCR showing reduced expression of transcripts coding for digestive enzymes and pancreatic TF in Nfic-/- pancreata [n = 3/group; P < 0.1 (#), P < 0.05 (*), P < 0.01 (**), two-tailed Mann Whitney U-Test. Nfic, P = 0.0015; Amy2a5, P = 0.0006; Cela, P = 0.011; Cpa, P = 0.009; Ctrb1, P = 0.034; Cela1, P = 0.2187; Cela2, P = 0.024; Cela3, P = 0.028; Pnlip, P = 0.003; Rnase1, P = 0.25; Spink3, P = 0.035; Ptf1a, P = 0.015; Rbpjl, P = 0.73; Nr5a2, P = 0.015; Nr0b2, P = 0.035]. D Western blotting showing reduced expression of digestive enzymes, but not NR5A2 (P = 0.654), in Nfic-/- pancreata (n = 7/group). E IF analysis of the expression of PTF1A in pancreatic epithelial CDH1+ cells of Nfic WT and KO mice. (Scale bar = 10 μm). Fluorescence quantification shown in the accompanying bar graph (P = 0.03, two-tailed Student T-test). Densitometric quantification of panel 3B: band intensity normalized to loading control, relative to wild-type pancreata (n = 5/group). F RT-qPCR showing reduced expression of transcripts coding for digestive enzymes in primary acini from Nfic-/- mice [n = 5/group, P < 0.1 (#), P < 0.05 (*), P < 0.01 (**); two-tailed Mann–Whitney U-test. Nfic, P = 0.008; Amy2b, P = 0.015; Ctrb1, P = 0.007; Cpa, P = 0.095]. G Comparison of the overlap of DEG in the pancreas of Nfic-/- vs. that of mice lacking NR5A2, PTF1A, and MIST1 (details in text). Statistics: two-tailed Student T-test. Significant overlap is shown for downregulated genes compared to a random list of genes. “N-1” chi-squared test was used to calculate statistical significance. Barplots are presented as mean values +/− SD. Boxplots show the minimum, the maximum, the sample median, and the first and third quartiles. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. | PMC10290102 | 41467_2023_39291_Fig2_HTML.jpg |
0.372057 | 438dfeeacb514afcbee8c71c110ebb06 | NFIC binds to genomic regions associated to genes involved in acinar differentiation, ER stress, UPR, and inflammation.A De novo motif analysis of NFIC ChIP-Seq peaks showing NFI as the top-motif; bHLH, NR5A2 and GATA are among the additional top motifs. B Distribution of NFIC ChIP-Seq peaks showing binding to regions close to the TSS (left) and the corresponding enrichment of the NFI, ELK and CTCF motifs (right). C Venn diagram showing the overlap between genes with an NFIC peak and those de-regulated in the Nfic-/- pancreas showing a greater overlap for the down-regulated genes. D Bar graph of the distribution of NFIC ChIP-Seq peaks based on score intensity and the overlap with genes de-regulated in Nfic-/- pancreata showing slight greater overlap in Q1, Q2 for the down-regulated genes. E–H Gene set enrichment analysis of genes bound by NFIC and down-regulated (E) or up-regulated (F) in Nfic-/- pancreata showing downregulation of bona fide acinar, ribosomal, and metabolic genes and up-regulation of pathways related to inflammation and signaling. Motif analysis of genes with an NFIC peak that are down-regulated (G) or up-regulated (H) in Nfic-/- pancreata: NFI is the top motif in both groups. I UCSC browser shots of NFIC ChIP-Seq data showing enrichment at the Cela2a, Nr0b2, Bhlha15, Pparg, Cfi, and Rara loci. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. | PMC10290102 | 41467_2023_39291_Fig3_HTML.jpg |
0.440914 | 9a90b3dde09d4d98a15e741f99654613 | NFIC regulates aspects of protein biosynthesis in the pancreas.A IF analysis with an antibody recognizing 5.8 S rRNA and CDH1 shows decreased expression of both in Nfic-/- acinar cells. (Scale bar = 5 μm). Quantification is shown in the accompanying panel (n ≥ 6/group, P < 0.05 (*), two-tailed Mann–Whitney U-test) (P = 0.038). B RT-qPCR analysis showing altered ribosomal RNA maturation in Nfic-/- pancreata (n = 4/group; P < 0.01 (**), two-tailed Student T-test) (18 S, P = 0.01); 5.8 S Junction, P = 0.04; 5.8 S, P = 0.01; 28 S Junction, P = 0.01; 28 S, P = 0.002; 45 S, P = 0.003. C Boxplot plot displaying the relationship between the expression of upregulated, down-regulated, or a random set of genes, in control Nfic+/+ vs. Nfic-/- mice and in histologically normal human pancreatic tissues samples [top 10 low- vs. top 10 high- NFIC expressing samples, as determined by RNA-Seq analysis (NFIClow vs. NFIChigh)]. Data shows the concordant pattern between down-regulated genes in Nfic-/- mice and NFIClow human pancreata. “N-1” two-tailed chi-squared test was used to calculate statistical significance. The P-value was calculated comparing to a random gene list. D GSEA for genes that are concurrently down-regulated in Nfic-/- vs. WT pancreata and in NFIClow vs. NFIChigh human pancreata. Genes were computed with KEGG data sets showing the similarities with those gene sets under-represented in Nfic-/- mice. E Bar plot displaying the lower expression of genes coding for ribosomal proteins in NFIClow vs. NFIChigh human pancreata (RPS5, P = 3.1 e-4; RPS8, P = 5.2 e-5; RPS11, P = 4.1 e-4; RPS15, P = 7.3 e-4; RPS21, P = 4.6 e-7; RPS26, P = 8.2 e-3; RPS29, P = 5.3 e-4; an integration of Fisher’s exact test and likelihood ratio were used to calculate statistical significance). Barplots are presented as mean values +/− SD. Boxplots show the minimum, the maximum, the sample median, and the first and third quartiles. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. | PMC10290102 | 41467_2023_39291_Fig4_HTML.jpg |
0.415162 | 77b5f63ff0ef4e6f89eef70adcceea30 | NFIC regulates UPR and ER stress resolution.A GSEA analysis of the UPR and ER stress gene sets down-regulated in Nfic-/- pancreata and up-regulation of UPR. B, C RT-qPCR analysis of ER stress-related transcripts in WT and Nfic-/- pancreata (n ≥ 6/group) (B) and in freshly isolated acini (n ≥ 3/group) (C). Two-tailed Mann–Whitney U-test was used to calculate statistical significance in B and C, except for BiP in C where two-tailed Student T-test was used (B
Xbp1 spliced, P = 0.0038; BiP, P = 0.009; Chop, P = 0.008; Hsp90b1, P = 0.0101) (C
Xbp1 spliced, P = 0.028; BiP, P = 0.005; Chop, P = 0.008; Hsd17b11, P = 0.028; Hsp90b, P = 0.01). D Western blotting showing up-regulation of BIP and CHOP in Nfic-/- pancreata (n = 7/group) (two-tailed Mann–Whitney U-test; BiP, P = 0.0175; CHOP, P = 0.047). Bar graph with densitometric quantification of data. E IF analysis of BIP in wild type and Nfic-/- pancreata (n ≥ 7/group). Boxplot shows quantification of the BIP expression intensity in WT and Nfic-/- pancreata. Individual dots correspond to the average of at least 15 images for each pancreas, scale bar = 10 μm. F ChIP-qPCR showing binding of NFIC, but not NR5A2, to the promoters of Hspa5/Bip-1, Ddit3 and Hsp90aa1 (n = 4) (two-tailed Mann–Whitney U-test; BiP, Chop and Hsp90aa1, P = 0.0286 in the NFIC ChIP). G 266-6 cells incubated for 24 h or 36 h with vehicle or increasing TM concentrations (10 nM, 1 nM, 0.1 nM). Data shows the up-regulation of BIP and the down-regulation of NFIC by 24/36 h and the down-regulation of NR5A2 by 24 h in TM-treated cells (one of three independent experiments is shown). H Up-regulation of BIP and CHOP in 266-6 cells treated with TM upon Nfic knockdown. Boxplot shows quantification of data (n = 3 replicates/group) [two-tailed Student T-test; BiP in Nfic sh#1, P = 0.002; in Nfic sh #2, P = 0.004; in Nfic sh #3, P = 0.005. Chop in Nfic sh #1, P = 0.0038; in Nfic sh #2, P = 0.002; in Nfic sh #3, P = 0.001]. I Reduced BIP and CHOP expression in control and NFIC-overexpressing 266-6 cells treated with TM [two-tailed Student T-test; 24 h: BiP, P = 0.01; CHOP, P = 0.02; 36 h: BiP, P = 0.04; CHOP, P = 0.03]. Boxplots show quantification of data (n = 3 replicates/group). P < 0.1 (#), P < 0.05 (*), P < 0.01 (**); two-tailed Mann–Whitney U-test to calculate the significance in all panels. Boxplots show the minimum, the maximum, the sample median, and the first and third quartiles. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. | PMC10290102 | 41467_2023_39291_Fig5_HTML.jpg |
0.413732 | 2a4ffa0b8e644ec2a8cf5e448596498a | NFIC is dynamically regulated during acute caerulein pancreatitis and is required for a homeostatic recovery.A RNA-Seq analysis of Nfic, Nr5a2, and Ptf1a expression in wild-type mice upon induction of a mild acute pancreatitis (n = 3/group). Significance was calculated compared to expression at 0 h (P < 0.05 (*) (T-test analogical method; Nfic at 8 h, P = 0.014; at 24 h, P = 0.45; at 48 h, P = 0.54; Nr5a2 at 8 h, P = 0.023; at 24 h, P = 0.033; at 48 h, P = 0.036; Ptf1a at 8 h, P = 0.012; at 24 h, P = 0.027; at 48 h, P = 0.034). B IF analysis of NFIC and PTF1A upon pancreatitis induction showing NFIC down-regulation (n = 4/group, scale bar = 20μm). C Quantification of PTF1A+ and NFIC+ cells in wild-type mice during pancreatitis. D Histological analysis of wild-type and Nfic-/- pancreata 48 h and 5 days after the induction of pancreatitis showing increased damage in mutant mice (n ≥ 4/condition, scale bar = 20 μm). E Pancreatitis scoring shows impaired recovery of Nfic-/- mice at 48 h and day 5 (n ≥ 4/condition). Damage was scored as (0–3) for each parameter analyzed (n = 4/group). F, G IHC reveals increased expression of KRT19, a higher number of KI67+ acinar cells, and increased infiltration by CD45+ cells in Nfic-/- pancreata. Representative images are shown in (F), (scale bar = 10 μm); quantification of CD45, KRT19 and Ki67 expression (G) as described in Methods [n = 5/ group; P < 0.1 (#), P < 0.05 (*), P < 0.01 (**); two-tailed Mann–Whitney U-test. CD45: at 24 h, P = 1; at 48 h, P = 0.061; at day 5, P = 0.008). KRT19: at 48 h, P = 0.021; at day 5, P = 0.049. KI-67: at 24 h, P = 0.009; at 48 h, P = 0.038; at day 14, P = 0.059]. H RT-qPCR expression analysis showing up-regulation of Ddit3 and Hsd17b11 in Nfic-/- pancreata in basal conditions and after induction of an acute pancreatitis (n = 4 mice/group). Chop: at 0 h, P = 0.034; at 48 h, P = 0.046; at day 5, P = 0.057; Hsd17b11: at 0 h, P = 0.028; at 48 h, P = 0.057; at day 5, P = 0.028. Data are presented as mean values +/− SD. P < 0.05 (*). Source data are provided as a Source Data file. | PMC10290102 | 41467_2023_39291_Fig6_HTML.jpg |
0.460175 | 5189db815f8f44b5be04acf11a36574c | NFIC restrains the formation of preneoplastic lesions in the pancreas.A IHC analysis of NFIC expression shows down-regulation in PanINs (right) and tumor cells compared to adjacent normal acinar cells (left) (one representative image of 5 replicates is shown, scale bar = 5 μm). B
NFIC mRNA analysis of tumor samples and normal adjacent tissue assessed by microarrays39 showing reduced expression in tumor samples (n = 14 for normal tissue and n = 118 for tumor, P = e-12, two-tailed Mann–Whitney U-test). C, D IHC analysis of NFIC expression in human PDAC specimens showing reduced expression in tumoral cells (arrow) compared to normal adjacent tissue or stromal cells (arrowheads) (n = 56 for normal; n = 25 for PanIN1-2; n = 9 for PanIN-3; n = 43 for tumor; scale bar = 5 μm). Two-tailed Mann–Whitney U-test; PanIN1-2 vs. Normal, P = 1.666e-12; PanIN3 vs. Normal, P = 0.000004; Tumor vs. Normal, P = 2.2e-16. E, F Histological analysis of the pancreas of 14–20 week-old Kras
G12Vor Kras; G12VNfic-/- mice showing increased number of PanINs and of the relative area occupied by pre-neoplastic lesions (n ≥ 6/genotype, scale bar = 20 μm). Two-tailed Mann–Whitney U-test; in F (# PanIN P = 0.0007; affected area P = 0.007). D, F Boxplots show the minimum, the maximum, the sample median, and the first and third quartiles. P < 0.05 (*), P < 0.01 (**). Source data are provided as a Source Data file. | PMC10290102 | 41467_2023_39291_Fig7_HTML.jpg |
0.396745 | c41cd5b2171741828404be7abf7d72bb | Results of Model 1 showing significant main effects of Group (healthy control [HC]; eating disorder [ED]) in blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) activation to high-calorie foods versus objects in a priori regions of interest (ROIs).BOLD activation differed between groups (HC: n = 34; ED: n = 59) in the (A) dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), (B) right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), (C) left hippocampus, (D) right caudate, and (E) right putamen. The F scale and P values reflect the main effect of Group from the 2 (Group) × 2 (Appetitive State) analysis of covariance (with age and estradiol levels at the time of testing as covariates). Statistical thresholding reflects small-volume correction (SVC) within an anatomically-defined bilateral ROI at P(FWE-corrected) < 0.05. Statistical maps for BOLD activation are overlaid on a normalized canonical image (Montreal Neurological Institute [MNI ICBM 152 nonlinear asymmetric T1 template) with SPM color map corresponding to the relative F value. Coordinates (y, z) are presented in MNI space, with y corresponding to the coronal plane and z to the axial plane. Bar graph (right) depicts mean β values within each cluster for each group and Appetitive State ± SEM. | PMC10290133 | 41398_2023_2494_Fig1_HTML.jpg |
0.417674 | cbbecd93fc154a43b450339584e3ca0d | Results of Model 1 showing significant main effects of Appetitive State (premeal [pre]; postmeal [post]) in blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) activation to high-calorie foods versus objects in a priori regions of interest (ROIs).BOLD activation differed between Appetitive States in the (A) right hypothalamus, (B) right amygdala, (C) right caudate, and (D) left and (E) right nucleus accumbens (NAcc). The F scale and P values reflect the main effect of the Appetitive State from the 2 (Group) × 2 (Appetitive State) analysis of covariance (with age and estradiol levels at the time of testing as covariates). Statistical thresholding reflects small-volume correction (SVC) within an anatomically-defined bilateral ROI at P(FWE-corrected) < 0.05. Statistical maps for BOLD activation are overlaid on a normalized canonical image (Montreal Neurological Institute [MNI] ICBM 152 nonlinear asymmetric T1 template) with SPM color map corresponding to relative F value. Coordinates (y, z) are presented in MNI space, with y corresponding to the coronal plane and z to the axial plane. Bar graph (right) depicts mean β values within each cluster for each (sub-)group and Appetitive State ± SEM. | PMC10290133 | 41398_2023_2494_Fig2_HTML.jpg |
0.423653 | e822afdd2bb84a39a815b40e95c89cf3 | Results of Model 2 showing significant main effects of Group (healthy control [HC]; anorexia nervosa [AN]; atypical AN) in blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) activation to high-calorie foods versus objects in a priori regions of interest (ROIs). BOLD activation differed between groups (HC: n = 34; AN: n = 34; Atypical AN: n = 25) in the (A) dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), (B) right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), (C) right hippocampus, (D) right caudate, and (E) right putamen. The F scale and P values reflect the main effect of Group from the 3 (Group) × 2 (Appetitive State) analysis of covariance (with age and estradiol levels at the time of testing as covariates). Statistical thresholding reflects small-volume correction (SVC) within an anatomically-defined bilateral ROI at P(FWE-corrected) < 0.05. Statistical maps for BOLD activation are overlaid on a normalized canonical image (Montreal Neurological Institute [MNI] ICBM 152 nonlinear asymmetric T1 template) with SPM color map corresponding to relative F value. Coordinates (y, z) are presented in MNI space, with y corresponding to the coronal plane and z to the axial plane. Bar graph (right) depicts mean β values for each (sub-)group and Appetitive State ± SEM. | PMC10290133 | 41398_2023_2494_Fig3_HTML.jpg |
0.398379 | 565ebf36adca4c39a783c531eaff8c4d | Breast cancer cells that survive ADR-induced executioner caspase activation acquire enhanced proliferation and migration.A Schematic of mCasExpress. LN: Lyn11-NES. B The representative images from time-lapse live imaging of BT474Cas and MDA-MB-231Cas cells during 120 h recovery after ADR treatment. The red arrows point to cells undergoing anastasis. Scale bar in upper row is 100 μm. Scale bar in lower row is 50 μm. C, D Images (C) and flow cytometry analysis (D) of BT474Cas and MDA-MB-231Cas cells after 120 h recovery from ADR or mock treatment. Scale bars in (C) are 200 μm. n = 3 in (D). E Schematic of the cell sorting process. F–H The results of EdU incorporation analysis (F), colony formation assays (G) and transwell assays (H) on the ADR-ZsGreen+, the ADR-ZsGreen− and the control cell populations derived from BT474 and MDA-MB-231 cells. n = 3. Scale bars in (H) are 200 μm. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Statistical significance was determined using one-way ANOVA with Tukey test for comparing three or more groups or t-test for comparing two groups. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. | PMC10290709 | 41389_2023_479_Fig1_HTML.jpg |
0.403476 | f85f53d3e2e74974972f4af44dde8ec8 | Anastasis promotes tumor growth and metastasis.A Image of xenografts formed by BT474-ADR-ZsGreen+, BT474-ADR-ZsGreen− and BT474-control cells in nude mice. B On the left are the growth curves of the xenografts. * Indicates significant difference compared to the control group. # Indicates significant difference compared to the ADR-ZsGreen− group. The bar graph on the right shows the weights of the xenografts in (A). n = 8. C Ki-67 expression in xenografts formed by the indicated cell populations derived from BT474 cells. Left: representative images of immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. Scale bar, 50 μm. Right: quantification of the percentage of Ki-67+ cells in tumors. n = 5. D Image of xenografts formed by MDA-MB-231-ADR-ZsGreen+, MDA-MB-231-ADR-ZsGreen− and MDA-MB231-control cells in nude mice. E On the left are the growth curves of the xenografts. * Indicates significant difference compared to the control group. # Indicates significant difference compared to the ADR-ZsGreen− group. The bar graph on the right shows the weights of the xenografts in (D). n = 8. F Ki-67 expression in xenografts formed by the indicated cell populations derived from MDA-MB-231 cells. Left: representative images of IHC staining. Scale bar, 50 μm. Right: quantification of the percentage of Ki-67+ cells in tumors. n = 5. G Lung metastasis of MDA-MB-231-ADR-ZsGreen+, MDA-MB-231-ADR-ZsGreen− and MDA-MB-231-control cells. Left: the representative images of the lungs and H & E staining. Black arrows in the upper row point to examples of tumor nodules. Scale bars in the lower row are 100 µm. Right: the number of metastatic tumor nodules in lungs from each mouse. n = 8. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Statistical significance was determined using one-way ANOVA with Tukey test. * or # P < 0.05, ** or ## P < 0.01, *** or ### P < 0.001. | PMC10290709 | 41389_2023_479_Fig2_HTML.jpg |
0.442518 | a626955e98f74d599e126c7e8b93e047 | CDH12 is upregulated in anastatic breast cancer cells.A PCA of the RNA sequencing data of ADR-ZsGreen+ and ADR-ZsGreen− cells derived from BT474 cells. B Volcano plot showing genes differentially expressed in BT474-ADR-ZsGreen+ and BT474-ADR-ZsGreen− cells. C GO enrichment of genes upregulated in BT474-ADR-ZsGreen+ cells. D PCA of the RNA sequencing data of ADR-ZsGreen+ and ADR-ZsGreen− cells derived from MDA-MB-231 cells. E Volcano plot showing genes differentially expressed in MDA-MB-231-ADR-ZsGreen+ and MDA-MB-231-ADR-ZsGreen− cells. F GO enrichment of genes upregulated in MDA-MB-231-ADR-ZsGreen+ cells. G On the top is the Venn diagram showing genes that were commonly upregulated more than 4 folds in the ADR-ZsGreen+ cells derived from BT474 cells and MDA-MB-231 cells. The bottom is the heat map illustrating the expression level of the 16 commonly upregulated genes in each sample. H qRT-PCR results of the GDAP1L1, INHBE and CDH12 in the ZsGreen+, the ZsGreen− and the control cell populations derived from BT474 (top) or MDA-MB-231 (bottom) cells. n = 3. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Statistical significance was determined using one-way ANOVA with Tukey test. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. I Western blots of CDH12 in the indicated cell populations. J Kaplan–Meier plots showing that patients with high CDH12 expression had significantly worse progression-free survival than those with low CDH12 expression. Left: analysis result of GSE20685. Right: analysis result of GSE69031. | PMC10290709 | 41389_2023_479_Fig3_HTML.jpg |
0.419698 | 4f9465b695ad419b8fd4bf6986758cd8 | The elevated CDH12 promotes the enhanced malignancy in anastatic breast cancer cells.A, B The effect of CDH12 knockdown in the indicated cell populations on EdU incorporation and colony formation. Left: Western blot showing the knockdown efficiency. Middle: the results of EdU incorporation assays. Right: the results of colony formation assays. n = 3. C The results of transwell migration assays on the indicated cell populations. Scale bars, 200 μm. n = 3. D The effect of CDH12 overexpression on EdU incorporation and transwell migration in BT474 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Scale bars, 200 μm. n = 3. E Image of the xenografts formed by the indicated cell populations derived from MDA-MB-231 cells. F The weights of the xenografts in (E). n = 6. G, H The effect of knocking down CDH12 on lung metastasis of MDA-MB-231-ADR-ZsGreen+ cells. G: the representative images of lungs and H & E staining. Scale bars for the images of H & E staining are 100 μm. Black arrows point to examples of tumor nodules. H: the number of metastatic tumor nodules in lungs from each mouse. n = 6. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Statistical significance was determined using one-way ANOVA with Tukey test for comparing three or more groups or t-test for comparing two groups. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. | PMC10290709 | 41389_2023_479_Fig4_HTML.jpg |
0.433442 | 2bd7496523934919a9a14404536d6b70 | CDH12 promotes breast cancer cell proliferation and migration via ERK-CREB signaling.A, B GO enrichment analysis of genes downregulated after knocking down CDH12. C Western blots showing the effect of CDH12 knockdown on the protein levels of CDH12, phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK) and ERK proteins. D Western blots showing the effect of ERK knockdown on CDH12, p-ERK, ERK, phosphorylated CREB (p-CREB) and CREB proteins. E The effect of ERK knockdown on EdU incorporation of the indicated cell populations. n = 3. F The effect of ERK knockdown on transwell migration of the indicated cell populations. n = 3. Scale bar: 200 μm. G Western blots showing the effect of knocking down CDH12 on the protein levels of CDH12, p-CREB, CREB in the indicated cell populations. H Western blots showing the effect of CREB knockdown on the protein levels of CDH12, p-CREB, CREB. I The effect of CREB knockdown on EdU incorporation in the indicated cell populations. n = 3. J The effect of CREB knockdown on transwell migration of the indicated cell populations. n = 3. Scale bar: 200μm. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Statistical significance was determined using one-way ANOVA with Tukey test. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. | PMC10290709 | 41389_2023_479_Fig5_HTML.jpg |
0.471863 | e1e27dfa5cbc4ef5a321e9a5a661105c | CDH12 is epigenetically de-repressed in anastatic breast cancer cells.A The schematic showing the CpG islands in the promoter region of CDH12 and the positions targeted by primer sets S1–S8 (short lines) used in ChIP assays. B Methylation levels in CDH12 promoter in BT474-ADR-ZsGreen+, BT474-ADR-ZsGreen− and BT-474-control cells. n = 4. C Results of qChIP assays showing the enrichment patterns of the indicated histone modifications in CDH12 promoter in BT474 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Results are represented as the fold-change over control (IgG). D Results of qChIP assays showing the enrichment of H3K9me3, H3K27me3, H2AK119ub1 and H3K4me3 in CDH12 promoter in the indicated cell populations. n = 4. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Statistical significance was determined using one-way ANOVA with Tukey test. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. E Summary of the molecular mechanism underlying enhanced malignancy in anastatic breast cancer cells. In unstressed breast cancer cells, CDH12 promoter is heavily methylated and enriched with repressive histone modifications, leading to low level of CDH12 protein. After exposure to chemotherapeutic drugs and survival from the induced executioner caspase activation, the DNA methylation and repressive histone modifications in CDH12 promoter are removed, leading to upregulation in CDH12 proteins, which in turn promotes cancer cell proliferation and migration through activating ERK and CREB. | PMC10290709 | 41389_2023_479_Fig6_HTML.jpg |
0.552742 | e6fdcb9e44844839bd0f32618f84600b | clinical follow-up from ebbing elite controllers (EEC)36 (A) and persistent elite controller (PEC)38 (B) individuals. Plasma human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA viral load (copies/mL, circles) and CD4+ T cell counts (cells/µL, squares) since HIV diagnosis are shown on the left and the right Y-axis, respectively. Coloured shaded areas indicate the three follow-up time points that were selected for DNA quasispecies analysis. | PMC10292822 | 1678-8060-mioc-118-e230066-gf1.jpg |
0.475246 | cd7e7300918244678fab6b465827031f | human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 env sequences detected during the six years follow-up of subject ebbing elite controllers (EEC)36. (A) Longitudinal analysis of HIV-1 peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-associated DNA (circles) env sequences obtained between 2013 and 2019. Circles in the tips of the maximum-likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree are coloured according to the visit, as shown in the legend at the upper left corner. The green branches indicate the monophyletic subclade EEC36DIV with the best temporal structure. Horizontal branch lengths are proportional to the bar at the bottom indicating nucleotide substitutions per site. The approximate likelihood-ratio test (aLRT) support is shown for EEC36DIV node. (B) Venn diagrams containing the total number of identical proviral sequences detected at one (non-overlapping regions) or several (overlapping regions) time intervals during follow-up. (C-F) Plot of the root-to-tip distance of proviral sequences against sequence sampling for: (C) all proviral sequences, (D) all unique sequences, (E) unique sequences from the subclade with the best temporal structure (EEC36DIV), and (F) unique sequences from others subclades (EEC36NON-DIV). (G) Graph depicting the percentage of proviral sequences that belong to the subclades EEC36DIV and EEC36NON-DIV over time (month/year). DIV: evolving; NON-DIV: non-evolving. | PMC10292822 | 1678-8060-mioc-118-e230066-gf2.jpg |
0.435623 | a74787a02115410a9e74c0a16e9e8e12 | human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 env sequences detected during the six years follow-up of subject persistent elite controller (PEC)38. (A) Longitudinal analysis of HIV-1 peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-associated DNA (circles) env sequences obtained between 2013 and 2019. Circles in the tips of the maximum-likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree are coloured according to the visit, as shown in the legend at the upper left corner. The blue branches indicate the monophyletic subclade PEC38DIV with the best temporal structure. Horizontal branch lengths are proportional to the bar at the bottom indicating nucleotide substitutions per site. The approximate likelihood-ratio test (aLRT) support is shown for PEC38DIV node. (B) Venn diagrams containing the total number of identical proviral sequences detected at one (non-overlapping regions) or several (overlapping regions) time intervals during the follow-up. (C-F) Plot of the root-to-tip distance of proviral sequences against sequence sampling time for: (C) all proviral sequences, (D) all unique sequences, (E) unique sequences from the subclade with the best temporal structure (PEC38DIV), and (F) unique sequences from other subclades (PEC38NON-DIV). (G) Graph depicting the percentage of proviral sequences that belong to the subclades PEC38DIV and PEC38NON-DIV over time. DIV: evolving; NON-DIV: non-evolving. | PMC10292822 | 1678-8060-mioc-118-e230066-gf3.jpg |
0.418092 | 5dd19789444c458f8809bc1c20fb17ec | analyses of N-linked glycosylation in the env gp120 C2-C4 region of viral sequences from subjects ebbing elite controllers (EEC)36 and persistent elite controller (PEC)38. Dot plots with the numbers of estimated potential N-glycosylation sites (PNGSs) in env sequences from EEC36NON-DIV and EEC36DIV (A) and PEC38NON-DIV and PEC38DIV (B). Horizontal lines represent the mean and standard deviation. Two-tailed Mann-Whitney U tests were used. DIV: evolving; NON-DIV: non-evolving. | PMC10292822 | 1678-8060-mioc-118-e230066-gf4.jpg |
0.501564 | 0f44457ea5d940d98a2469b4cb019d74 | The NEDI within the grounds of Mnazi Mmoja Hospital. | PMC10293322 | gr1.jpg |
0.38968 | 05395a5bdb934030be33ec8bb4d192f3 | Proportion of brain and spinal procedures (surgeries), and a third small group referred to as “others” for unclassified patients. | PMC10293322 | gr2.jpg |
0.483583 | d9d1bbb53ca0448cba25f90b6845e6c0 | The course of the number of surgeries performed at NEDI. | PMC10293322 | gr3.jpg |
0.521878 | e7e3046933994424ae06f1abbc35959e | The most frequent surgeries at NEDI were related to the treatment of hydrocephalus. | PMC10293322 | gr4.jpg |
0.444143 | f1cbab9bfdc44a52b39a5f2d67eb1ea7 | Although not constant, a noticeable increase in surgical interventions for traumatic brain injury (TBI) and management of brain tumors has become evident at NEDI, as part of local trainees' autonomy and continuous external support. | PMC10293322 | gr5.jpg |
0.419848 | 2b65766987d645d4a6ebb49b36c6de2d | The NEDF health cooperation model: Equip, Treat and Educate (ETE) areas(domains) with three different levels (1,2 and 3). | PMC10293322 | gr6.jpg |
0.452906 | a33b2b86f84c4fa3a840401b6ce054ce | Mulhati Abdall, the first female neurosurgery resident in Zanzibar's history is currently being trained at NEDI. | PMC10293322 | gr7.jpg |
0.438222 | 4b1ebb3e8d774a3ca66845fe6158764a | General NEDF funding and costs from 2014 to 2022: Donations from more than 250 surgical missions and different private institutions have been crucial for the development and sustainability of NEDI, reaching over 2.2 million euros on medical and surgical equipment since its opening in 2014. NEDI's costs for construction and maintenance have been borne mostly by the NEDF, with financial help from the Minister of Health of the Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar. | PMC10293322 | gr8.jpg |
0.399718 | d827ebec25114e589bfc24307cdb155a | Competing models of memory T cell differentiation. A Plots depict the clonal expansion of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells in response to infection and their differentiation from naïve to effector to memory cells (Model I, left), as well as the predicted division histories of effector and memory subsets (right). B As in A, but showing the differentiation of naïve CD8+ T cells first into memory and then effector cells (Model II). C. Progressive model of CD8+ T cell differentiation, based on in vivo single cell fate mapping and population-derived data. Selected markers characterizing naïve, central memory precursor (CMP), effector memory precursor (EMP) and short-lived/terminal effector (SLEC/TE) cells are shown, as are the distinct functional properties of these subsets and a predicted increase of cell cycle speed upon transition from naïve to CMP, EMP and SLEC/TE cells | PMC10293326 | 430_2023_772_Fig1_HTML.jpg |
0.506315 | 02e8a23c0a2b4e5e8a31723fcc7f8297 | Summary of the conjunction analysis shown in Figs. 6 and 7, related to the shared activations between observation/execution of goal-related actions within the cerebral cortex (A), cerebellum (B), basal ganglia (C), and thalamus (D). Contours of clusters related to mouth, hand, and foot activations are shown in red, blue, and green, respectively. Cd caudate, Put putamen, RN red nucleus, STN subthalamic nucleus (Color figure online) | PMC10293454 | 10548_2023_960_Fig10_HTML.jpg |
0.450713 | 8eefa79e6b25442d85f53fd388b5caa9 | Experimental design, stimuli, and tasks. (A) Illustration of the experimental setting during the action execution and observation tasks. (B) Action execution task performed in two runs, with mixed block-event-related paradigm. Each run included three blocks for condition, and each block was composed by six motor trials belonging to the same condition. (C) Static frames taken from the video stimuli used for the action observation task. Each frame represents the time in which the effector grasps the objects, in the goal-directed grasping conditions, or the end of the closing act in the case of simple movement conditions. (D) Action observation paradigm, made by independent blocks, each composed by six videos of the same condition, interspersed with the rest period | PMC10293454 | 10548_2023_960_Fig1_HTML.jpg |
0.408675 | 2ed40eb9e74848a997eaaab2a0166511 | Cortical and cerebellar activations related to the contrasts Exe Mouth Goal > Move (A, A1), Exe Hand Goal > Move (B, B1), Exe Foot Goal > Move (C, C1). Whole-brain statistical parametric maps are rendered on a 3D MNI ch2 brain template (MRIcron software; https://www.nitrc.org/projects/mricron). Cerebellar activations are shown on a flat map of the cerebellum (SUIT, http://www.diedrichsenlab.org). Statistical threshold set at p < 0.001 (FWE corrected at cluster level) | PMC10293454 | 10548_2023_960_Fig2_HTML.jpg |
0.438076 | e8c46c7675b94208bb58387a0f98729b | Basal ganglia and thalamic activations related to the contrasts Exe Mouth Goal > Move (A, A1), Exe Hand Goal > Move (B, B1); Exe Foot Goal > Move (C, C1). Basal ganglia activations are shown on a 3D template (Atlas of the basal ganglia, ATAG; https://www.nitrc.org/projects/atag/; left view, right view, and axial view) and six coronal representative sections from ch2 template (MRIcron software; https://www.nitrc.org/projects/mricron). Thalamic activations are shown on a 3D template (Thomas Atlas) (Su et al. 2019), left view, right view, and axial view, and six coronal representative sections from ch2 template. AC anterior commissure. Statistical threshold set at p < 0.001 (FWE corrected at cluster level) | PMC10293454 | 10548_2023_960_Fig3_HTML.jpg |
0.396949 | c8aa6f5b132f4cf68b498d74c21cfe75 | Cortical and cerebellar activations related to the contrasts Obs Mouth Goal > Move (A, A1), Obs Hand Goal > Move (B, B1), Obs Foot Goal > Move (C, C1). Whole-brain statistical parametric maps are rendered on a 3D MNI ch2 brain template (MRIcron software). Cerebellar activations are shown on a flat map of cerebellum (SUIT). Statistical threshold set at p < 0.001 (FWE corrected at cluster level) | PMC10293454 | 10548_2023_960_Fig4_HTML.jpg |
0.482013 | 2027c4c825c94a0eb5836cb58c25ab62 | Basal ganglia and thalamic activations related to the contrasts Obs Mouth Goal > Move (A, A1), Obs Hand Goal > Move (B, B1); Obs Foot Goal > Move (C, C1). Basal ganglia activations are shown on a 3D template (ATAG, left view, right view, and axial view) and six coronal representative sections from ch2 template (MRIcron software). Thalamic activations are shown on a 3D template (Thomas Atlas), left view, right view and axial view) and six coronal representative sections from ch2 template. AC anterior commissure. Statistical threshold set at p < 0.01 (uncorrected) for basal ganglia activations, and p < 0.001 (FWE corrected) for thalamic activations | PMC10293454 | 10548_2023_960_Fig5_HTML.jpg |
0.403253 | 1486c148b6264190a8d29632d8d6e372 | Statistical parametric maps showing the results of the conjunction analysis (cerebral cortex and cerebellum). (A-A1) Conjunction map resulted from Exe Mouth Goal > Exe Mouth Move AND Obs Mouth Goal > Obs Mouth Move. (B-B1) Conjunction map resulted from Exe Hand Goal > Exe Hand Move AND Obs Hand Goal > Obs Hand Move. (C-C1) Conjunction map resulted from Exe Foot Goal > Exe Foot Move AND Obs Foot Goal > Obs Foot Move. Shared activation voxels are rendered on a 3D MNI ch2 brain template (MRIcron software; https://www.nitrc.org/projects/mricron). All activations are rendered with a threshold of p < 0.001 (FWE corrected at cluster level) | PMC10293454 | 10548_2023_960_Fig6_HTML.jpg |
0.465599 | 6263f810f0a44c8da97ce0b769203860 | Statistical parametric maps showing the results of the conjunction analysis (basal ganglia and thalamus). (A-A1) Conjunction map resulted from Exe Mouth Goal > Exe Mouth Move AND Obs Mouth Goal > Obs Mouth Move. (B-B1) Conjunction map resulted from Exe Hand Goal > Exe Hand Move AND Obs Hand Goal > Obs Hand Move. (C-C1) Conjunction map resulted from Exe Foot Goal > Exe Foot Move AND Obs Foot Goal > Obs Foot Move. Basal ganglia shared activations are shown on a 3D template (ATAG, left view, right view, and axial view) and six coronal representative sections from ch2 template (MRIcron software). Thalamic shared activations are shown on a 3D template (Thomas Atlas), left view, right view, and axial view) and six coronal representative sections from ch2 template. AC anterior commissure. Statistical threshold set at p < 0.01 (uncorrected) | PMC10293454 | 10548_2023_960_Fig7_HTML.jpg |
0.433045 | 2a701708861247ef8d2a030e71a82a4a | Center of gravity (COG) maps of each participant and effector are reported separately for cerebellum, basal ganglia, and thalamus. The single subject peaks are projected on representative sagittal, coronal, and axial slices | PMC10293454 | 10548_2023_960_Fig8_HTML.jpg |
0.475273 | eb720c80e1c2450990184f6cb2ceffe6 | Quantitative measures of the distance between effector representation in the cerebellum and subcortical structures. (A-A2) Single subject peak distribution, calculated using conjunction analysis, in 3D space. (B-B2) Visual representation of the first and the second principal components projected onto the corresponding plane. (C-C2) Euclidean distances between each COG corresponding to the three effectors | PMC10293454 | 10548_2023_960_Fig9_HTML.jpg |
0.449695 | e2f7ec9b246d444ba7651715f2e5fadd | Vertebral rotation data with respect to axial rotation (AxRot) shown as a time series for one test sequence, i.e. one test person walking 10 full gait cycles at a given speed level (here: 3 km/h). The y-axis represents rotation in degree, the x-axis the number of the time step. | PMC10293987 | gr1.jpg |
0.418694 | 94d8bc4a778443c881fe12c480b5522f | Vertebral rotation data with respect to lateral flexion (LatFlex) shown as a time series for one test sequence. See Fig 1 for more details. | PMC10293987 | gr2.jpg |
0.415171 | 53860fcca8c44468b669271348cf3289 | Vertebral rotation data with respect to flexion/extension (FlexExt) shown as a time series for one test sequence. See Fig 1 for more details. | PMC10293987 | gr3.jpg |
0.495972 | d2f4d3b75e614817be7945e09e498950 | Samples of all anomalies and 5 samples of normal frames. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) | PMC10294035 | gr1.jpg |
0.438433 | 43ecde29053c425da49b7bdbd42c9f25 | Example of an anomaly fitted on the robot. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) | PMC10294035 | gr2.jpg |
0.436006 | 5eaa2f1ffa784300b9224120d86fa9fe | How the robot was controlled during data collection. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) | PMC10294035 | gr3.jpg |
0.437632 | 51787b013337419c9804c7c881399f11 | Picture of the installation of two sets of spectrometers MS-711 and MS-712 at two different tilt angles: 35° and 90°. | PMC10294088 | gr1.jpg |
0.445731 | ad7bd2d3aaee4059aebbc78f6da45afa | Data acquisition/collection and storage per spectrometer. | PMC10294088 | gr2.jpg |
0.460486 | 95f4e287e26d4dbe8aa6aabf0880fefb | Radical scavenging activity assessed by DPPH and ABTS assays. The values represent the means ± S.D. (n = 3). BL: Bamboo leaves; BS: Bamboo sheath. Differences within and between groups were evaluated by One-way ANOVA followed by a multicomparison Dunnett’s test compared to ascorbic acid (*** p < 0.001). | PMC10294923 | antioxidants-12-01239-g001.jpg |
0.437453 | 4af7960fd57f49b1ba1b496e256b42cf | Cell viability assessed by MTT assay in HepG2 cells. HepG2 cells were untreated (−) or treated with 0.1 and 0.2 mg/mL of bamboo sheaths (BS) (A) and bamboo leaves (BL) (B) for 24 h. The histograms represent the means ± SEM of three independent experiments, each performed in triplicate. **** p < 0.0001. | PMC10294923 | antioxidants-12-01239-g002.jpg |
0.396694 | 6bfd6b105d8d4ee8a5f03f73989b1ed7 | Reactive oxygen species production in HepG2 cells upon treatment with extracts from bamboo sheaths. (A) Representative green images (CellROX dye) of reactive oxygen species (ROS) captured by fluorescent microscopy in HepG2 cells without treatment (−) or with 0.1 and 0.2 mg/mL of bamboo sheaths (BS) for 4 h and then treated with 10 mM H2O2 for 30 min. Merged images of green and blue (DAPI (40,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) dye for staining DNA) are shown. (B) ROS production is reported as mean pixel intensity (green dye) normalized to cell number (blue dye) in three independent experiments each performed in triplicate. The histograms represent means ± SEM. *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001. | PMC10294923 | antioxidants-12-01239-g003.jpg |
0.448261 | 05774bf9d2fa454c88d2c0d9ff3e2858 | Anti-inflammatory effects of bamboo extracts in M1 macrophages. Evaluation of interleukin-6 (IL-6), Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein (MCP)-1/C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL-2) mRNA expression, by Real Time PCR assay, in macrophages untreated (−) or treated for 1 h with bamboo sheaths (BS) (A,C) and bamboo leaves (BL) (B,D) at concentrations of 0.1 and 0.2 mg/mL and then stimulated with Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 10 ng/mL for 24 h. Data represent the means ± SEM of three different experiments each performed in duplicate. ** p < 0.005, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001. | PMC10294923 | antioxidants-12-01239-g004.jpg |
0.439422 | 604e63596a3e437aa31bbe579c47c669 | Cell viability assessed by MTT assay in human THP-1 derived macrophages. Human THP-1 derived macrophages were untreated (−) or treated with 0.1 and 0.2 mg/mL of bamboo sheaths (BS) (A) and bamboo leaves (BL) (B) for 24 h. Cell viability is expressed as percentage of control (−). The histograms represent the means ± SEMs of three different experiments, each performed in triplicate. | PMC10294923 | antioxidants-12-01239-g005.jpg |
0.452596 | 2f2a84a80f7f44338804781eb525cf03 | Flowchart of the process for generation of CAD models with continuously graded porosity. | PMC10294980 | bioengineering-10-00675-g001.jpg |
0.432274 | 24b8bc4713b6440c92ee1f3b275ce715 | (a) Regular structure from BCCZ unit cells (Inset: Unit cell), (b) A slice of the structure, (c) Modification of the slice by image processing, (d) Modified graded porous structure and (e) 3D-printed graded porous structure. | PMC10294980 | bioengineering-10-00675-g002.jpg |
0.510804 | a584242d6abe40b497837d4304115ffc | (a) Triangular pyramidal unit, (b) Assembled geodesic dome, (c) Pyramidal unit with graded porosity, and (d) Acetabular implant model with radially graded porosity. | PMC10294980 | bioengineering-10-00675-g003.jpg |
0.437111 | 6651db0a8c2943e496688feb33992d34 | (a,b) Relationship between layer thickness t and stair-step height H, and (c) Photograph of the built samples with support structures. | PMC10294980 | bioengineering-10-00675-g004.jpg |
0.437702 | 104adf31fc2d4a858197cf87de341a62 | (a) Continuously graded structures with failed struts, (b) 3D reconstruction from the CT data, (c) Vertical CT slice, and (d) Horizontal CT slice of successfully built struts. | PMC10294980 | bioengineering-10-00675-g005.jpg |
0.42797 | 7523e0f471bd4edc87c288bedb0c0738 | (a) Support structures generated for manufacturing the implant model, (b) Manufactured acetabular implant, and (c) CT vertical slice of the implant. The segments marked 1–3 were considered for porosity analysis from the 3D reconstruction. | PMC10294980 | bioengineering-10-00675-g006.jpg |
0.433141 | 4bc713c46ffe4324a93e3ff812659367 | Designed continuously graded structures: (a,b) Pore size and strut thickness varying from 5 mm to 0.75 mm and 30 mm to 35 mm, respectively, (c,d) Pore size and strut thickness varying from 5 mm to 2.75 mm and 30 mm to 32.5 mm, respectively. | PMC10294980 | bioengineering-10-00675-g007.jpg |
0.447421 | 48764c6ed2154706b8a47ee278c0d18d | Influence of DMLS process parameters on Sa of surfaces with 30° built angle. Dark blue-, brown- and purple-coloured points in the figure denote 1000 mm/s, 1250 mm/s and 1500 mm/s speed, respectively. | PMC10294980 | bioengineering-10-00675-g008.jpg |
0.462245 | 5bd53683c63d4ad5875485dcd7a62c46 | DMLS surfaces with and without balling phenomenon: (a) 195 W laser power with 1000 mm/s scanning speed, and (b) 150 W laser power with 1250 mm/s scanning speed (scale bar: 0.5 mm). Presence of ‘balls’ is shown using arrows. | PMC10294980 | bioengineering-10-00675-g009.jpg |
0.516675 | 2059fa692b25436ea0775735eb2abd6e | (a) Variation of average Sa with line energy for different contour offsets, (b) Variation of average Sa with line energy for different build angles, and (c) Influence of building angle on average roughness, showing the presence of unmelted powders for different inclinations. | PMC10294980 | bioengineering-10-00675-g010.jpg |
0.426028 | fbd4ca8c6efa465f909cdbaf6e921558 | (a) Detachment of parts from build surface because of thermal stress under different build conditions with the arrows pointing towards the detachment locations, (b) DMLS surface without remelting scan, and (c) DMLS surfaces with remelting scan. | PMC10294980 | bioengineering-10-00675-g011.jpg |
0.437625 | 6bdf58c158db4afe85b7d50047900ec3 | (a) Micro-CT reconstruction for porosity analysis, (b) Radial distribution of porosity, (c) Pore size distribution, and (d) Strut thickness, as analysed from micro-CT data. False color maps indicate dimensions of pores and struts in micron. | PMC10294980 | bioengineering-10-00675-g012.jpg |
0.457894 | 9825d31c3cd14d648bf8f24dc56510f8 | (a) Compressive response curves for as-built and heat-treated structures, (b) Linear elastic region of the curves, (c) Failure mode of as-built structure, and (d) Failure mode of heat-treated structure. Marked zones show the locations of failure. | PMC10294980 | bioengineering-10-00675-g013.jpg |
0.482142 | 230926917cc241e3bb43c27f29f8ef8e | Spherical triangle for establishing relationship between central angles and edges. | PMC10294980 | bioengineering-10-00675-g0A1.jpg |
0.40789 | cbdd7424261a40b7992e43d082b0cef9 | Pore size determination for the TBP cell: (a) The pore size is determined as the largest sphere that can be accommodated inside the struts, (b) Geometric constructions required to determine the pore size, where UW is a strut. | PMC10294980 | bioengineering-10-00675-g0A2.jpg |
0.437749 | 4bfc9909f84a45a6b0075747caff499a | (a) Variation of porosity with strut thickness, and (b) Variation of pore size with strut thickness. | PMC10294980 | bioengineering-10-00675-g0A3.jpg |
0.460665 | 74abcb8f56984c8da9c25e3152031792 | Roughness of DMLS surface built with 14.47° inclination. Dark blue-, brown- and purple-coloured points in the figure denote 1000 mm/s, 1250 mm/s and 1500 mm/s speed, respectively. | PMC10294980 | bioengineering-10-00675-g0A4.jpg |
0.47177 | fb3a78d4fa204e7ba74f8990c69f68f7 | Roughness of DMLS surface built with 48.59° inclination. Dark blue-, brown- and purple-coloured points in the figure denote 1000 mm/s, 1250 mm/s and 1500 mm/s speed, respectively. | PMC10294980 | bioengineering-10-00675-g0A5.jpg |
0.396463 | c69ea18844d540c6a327fb83c0b7dc77 | Roughness of DMLS surface built with 90° inclination. Dark blue-, brown- and purple-coloured points in the figure denote 1000 mm/s, 1250 mm/s and 1500 mm/s speed, respectively. | PMC10294980 | bioengineering-10-00675-g0A6.jpg |
0.66394 | bb4bb15291954b188d459be291411102 | Chemical structure of gabapentin [2]. | PMC10295034 | animals-13-02045-g001.jpg |
0.409525 | 76b67114563e4a0aa3cd3abfb2080f25 | Mechanism of action of gabapentin in the locus coeruleus. GLT-1: glutamate transporter 1. α2δ: subunit of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs). Glu: glutamate. GABA: neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid. Gaba-A: GABA receptor A. AMPA: (α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid) ionotropic transmembrane receptor for glutamate. NA: noradrenalin. | PMC10295034 | animals-13-02045-g002.jpg |
0.424127 | 6a9c583c5ddf40bbab6ba054a014689e | Flowchart, process conditions, and composition of the simulated phases for the different stages of the in vitro gastrointestinal digestion process. HAD60: hot air dried powder at 60 °C, HAD70: hot air dried powder at 70 °C, and LYO: lyophilized powder. | PMC10295057 | antioxidants-12-01229-g001.jpg |
0.396951 | a7ff9ccb0b354af4a649df0e33a6e728 | Effect of dehydration treatment on the polyphenols content and antiradical capacity. Phenolic compounds have been grouped according to their chemical structure: (A) hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives (p-coumaric acid, sinapic acid, ferulic acid and chlorogenic acid), (B) flavonoids and derivatives (rutin, quercetin-3-glucoside, quercitrin, epicatechin and apigenin-7-glucoside), (C) hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives (vanillic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid). Section (D) includes antiradical capacity determined using DPPH and ABTS methods and total phenol content. FRESH: fresh almond bagasse; HAD60: hot air dried powder at 60 °C; HAD70: hot air dried powder at 70 °C; LYO: lyophilized powder. In section 2D, DPPH and ABTS results are expressed as mg Trolox/100 g dry matter; total phenols are expressed as mg galic acid/100 g dry matter. Different superscript letters mean statistically significant differences (p ≤ 0.05). | PMC10295057 | antioxidants-12-01229-g002.jpg |
0.402934 | 4304593701ea42f9a13555e98729d5f5 | Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives ((A) vanillic acid, (B) 4-hydroxybenzoic acid) content after gastric, intestinal, and colonic stages of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. FRESH: fresh almond bagasse; HAD60: hot air dried powder at 60 °C; HAD70: hot air dried powder at 70 °C; LYO: lyophilized powder. Different superscripts letters mean statistically significant differences (p ≤ 0.05). | PMC10295057 | antioxidants-12-01229-g003.jpg |
0.44981 | f1c5a647868744728026aa776c90643c | Hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives ((A) p-coumaric acid, (B) ferulic acid, (C) sinapic acid and (D) chlorogenic acid) content after gastric, intestinal, and colonic stages of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. FRESH: fresh almond bagasse; HAD60: hot air dried powder at 60 °C; HAD70: hot air dried powder at 70 °C; LYO: lyophilized powder. Different superscripts letters mean statistically significant differences (p ≤ 0.05). | PMC10295057 | antioxidants-12-01229-g004.jpg |
0.401899 | 9309c85273e148a993b873441a074840 | Flavonoids and derivatives ((A) rutin, (B) quercetin-3-glucoside, quercitrin, (C) apigenin-7-glucoside and (D) epicatechin) content after gastric, intestinal, and colonic stages of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. FRESH: fresh almond bagasse; HAD60: hot air dried powder at 60 °C; HAD70: hot air dried powder at 70 °C; LYO: lyophilized powder. Different superscripts letters mean statistically significant differences (p ≤ 0.05). | PMC10295057 | antioxidants-12-01229-g005.jpg |
0.366291 | 5b405003df1f41518c802ba5f0a5ec86 | Antiradical capacity by DPPH (A), ABTS (B) methods and total phenols (C) after gastric, intestinal, and colonic stages of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. FRESH: fresh almond bagasse; HAD60: hot air dried powder at 60 °C; HAD70: hot air dried powder at 70 °C; LYO: lyophilized powder. DPPH and ABTS results were expressed as mg Trolox/100 g dry matter. Total phenols were expressed as mg galic acid/100 g dry matter. Different superscripts letters mean statistically significant differences (p ≤ 0.05). | PMC10295057 | antioxidants-12-01229-g006.jpg |
0.517864 | 7183a9d12057442097c3bfb893c4d0e8 | Canonical correspondence analyses (CCAs) at genus level of the bacterial community after fermentations. Bagasse: fresh almond bagasse; bagasse HAD60: hot air dried powder at 60 °C; bagasse HAD70: hot air dried powder at 70 °C; bagasse LYO: lyophilized powder; feces: controls. | PMC10295057 | antioxidants-12-01229-g007.jpg |
0.507077 | b4a20e4849434ce7bf2d6c7c2aeb2873 | Bar plot of fold-changes of bacterial genera that are significantly increased in (A) pairwise comparisons with feces fermentations and in (B) pairwise comparisons with the fresh bagasse fermentations. Freeze-dried bagasse (bagasse_LYO), air-dried bagasse (bagasse_HAD), and fresh bagasse (bagasse). | PMC10295057 | antioxidants-12-01229-g008.jpg |
0.466674 | 9ae38acfe3a1499d9abd2165bc409654 | The theoretical framework. | PMC10295303 | behavsci-13-00465-g001.jpg |
0.413199 | 6bf624b53ad14fc19096e59f29d1d75d | (a) Schematic diagram of preparation of ZIF-67 HNPs and mechanism of glucose electrooxidation under ZIF-67 HNPs/ITO. (b) Schematic diagram of ZIF-67 HNP formation process. (c) Images of self-supporting hydrogels. (d) Tyndall effects. (e) XRD patterns of Ni-MOFs under ultrasonic treatment at 0, 30, 60 and 120 min. (f) Corresponding crystal planes in Ni-MOFs. (g) Photos of all-solid-state non-enzymatic sweat glucose biosensor device. (h) Schematic diagram of free-standing Cu-based MOF thin films prepared on GCE. (i) Schematic diagram of synthesis of Cu-MOF catalyst and electrochemical glucose sensing principle. (j) Amperometric response of Cu-MOF/CPE to the successive addition of glucose. (k) The corresponding calibration curves. Panels (a,b): Reprinted with permission [56]. Copyright 2021, Royal Society of Chemistry. Panels (c,d): Reprinted with permission [62]. Copyright 2017, Royal Society of Chemistry. Panels (e–g): Reprinted with permission [64]. Copyright 2020, Royal Society of Chemistry. Panels (h): Reprinted with permission [68]. Copyright 2018, Elsevier. Panels (i–k): Reprinted with permission [69]. Copyright 2020, Elsevier. | PMC10295530 | bioengineering-10-00733-g001.jpg |
0.378872 | 91b76f0407e14f5e8df6a50ef4d9dcda | (a) The “solid solution” or “core–shell” structure of bimetallic MOFs. (b) Two spatial arrangements of metals in solid solution bimetallic MOFs and their SBUs. (c) Schematic diagram of one-step microwave-assisted synthesis of bimetallic Co/Zn MOFs for enzyme-free glucose detection. (d) Current–time curve of continuous glucose injection into electrolyte. (e) Schematic diagram of the preparation of NiCo-BTC MOFs/GCE. (f) Calibration curve of current response and glucose concentration with two linear ranges within 0.001–1.78 and 1.78–5.03 mM. (g) SEM image of NiCu-MOF-6. (h) Amperometric responses of Ni-MOF/GCE and NiCu-MOF-6/GCE upon successive addition of glucose. (Inset: magnified amperometric response to glucose at lower concentrations.) (i) The corresponding calibration curves of Ni-MOF/GCE and NiCu-MOF-6/GCE. (j) SEM image of Ni-MOF. (k) The corresponding calibration curve of Ni-MOF. (l) The corresponding calibration curve of Ni/Zn-MOFs. Panels (a,b): Reprinted with permission [51]. Copyright 2020, Royal Society of Chemistry. Panels (c,d): Reprinted with permission [79]. Copyright 2022, Elsevier. Panels (e,f): Reprinted with permission [80]. Copyright 2020, American Chemical Society. Panels (g–i): Reprinted with permission [83]. Copyright 2021, Elsevier. Panels (j–l): Reprinted with permission [84]. Copyright 2018, Royal Society of Chemistry. | PMC10295530 | bioengineering-10-00733-g002.jpg |
0.415601 | 8ce7ea222bc842f2b1c6d5a801659c44 | (a) Schematic diagram of the fabrication processes of MOF/exfoliated graphene. (b) Schematic diagram of the synthetic paths of the NH2-GP-Cu-MOF electrode. (c) Schematic diagram of the fabrication processes of Co-MOFs/rGO/GCE and electrochemical performance diagram. (d) Schematic diagram of the synthetic paths of α-CD-rGO/Ni-MOF/TM. (e) Schematic diagram of the Cu-MOF and multilayer films of Cu-MOF/MWCNTs/GCE. (f) Schematic diagram of the fabrication processes of MPsL Cu-MOF on SWCNTs/GCE by electrodeposition. (g) Schematic diagram of the synthetic paths of Cu-MOF/CNH-modified GCE and the application for glucose detection. (h) SEM images of Cu-MOF and Cu-MOF/CNHs. (i) Schematic diagram of functional smart fibers and corresponding functional textile. (j) Schematic diagram of the fabrication process of flaky book-like CuCo-MOF fixed on CF paper at 150 °C for 6 h. (k) Schematic illustration of formation process of Ni-MOF@CNF material and its application in glucose detection. (l) Schematic diagram for the synthetic paths of Co-MOF phase with well-aligned 3D nanosheet array architecture on CC. m) Photos of the button sensor (Top) and 3D diagram of the measurement process (Bottom). Panel (a): Reprinted with permission [99]. Copyright 2020, Elsevier. Panel (b): Reprinted with permission [33]. Copyright 2018, Royal Society of Chemistry. Panel (c): Reprinted with permission [103]. Copyright 2019, Elsevier. Panel (d): Reprinted with permission [104]. Copyright 2022, Elsevier. Panel (e): Reprinted with permission [111]. Copyright 2019, Elsevier. Panel (f): Reprinted with permission [112]. Copyright 2020, Elsevier. Panel (e): Reprinted with permission [111]. Copyright 2019, Elsevier. Panels (g,h): Reprinted with permission [117]. Copyright 2020, Elsevier. Panel (i): Reprinted with permission [120]. Copyright 2020, Royal Society of Chemistry. Panel (j): Reprinted with permission [121]. Copyright 2021, Royal Society of Chemistry. Panel (k): Reprinted with permission [122]. Copyright 2022, Elsevier. Panel (l): Reprinted with permission [131]. Copyright 2018, American Chemical Society. Panel (m): Reprinted with permission [132]. Copyright 2020, Elsevier. | PMC10295530 | bioengineering-10-00733-g003.jpg |
0.394913 | b6764f3640a74d22aa4b9b23da392fb3 | (a) Illustrative diagram for preparation of Au NPs@Ni-MOF as well as the proposed mechanism for non-enzymatic oxidation of glucose at Au NPs@Ni-MOF surface in alkaline media. (b) Schematic diagram of the non-enzymatic tandem reaction strategy for SERS detection of glucose. (c) Schematic diagram of glucose electrooxidation to gluconolactone in NaOH aqueous solution over GCE modified with Ag NPs@ZIF-67. (d) Illustrative diagram for synthesis of modified GCE and its application in electrocatalyst of glucose. (e) Schematic diagram for glucose oxidation over SPCE modified with Cu-in-ZIF-8. (f) XRD spectra of the ZIF-8 from simulation and preparation, as well as the Cu-in-ZIF-8. (g) Catalytic activity changes in the Cu-in-ZIF-8 catalyst and the Cu-on-ZIF-8 catalyst with recycling time. (h) Schematic diagram of the synthetic process for vertical growth of NiCo-MOF nanosheet matrix (nanoporous Au from etching of Au metal was used as the substrate). (i) Amperometric response curve of NiCo-MOFN electrode upon stepwise glucose addition into 0.1 M of NaOH solution under voltage of 0.5 V versus SCE; the inset shows a magnified view of the area marked with green. (j) Calibration curve of the amperometric response for the fabricated electrode. (k) Schematic diagram of the Co-MOFN matrix formation on Ni foam. (l) Illustrative diagram for fabricating CuCo-MOF/Ni foam and detecting glucose on the as-fabricated electrode. (m) Structural description of [Ni(C2S2(C6H4COOH)2)2] as well as the H4TTFTB. (n) Amperometric response curve of 1-Cu foam upon stepwise glucose addition into 0.1 M of NaOH aqueous solution (inset: Electrode current response to the glucose addition of 2-40 μM). (o) Relevant calibration curve of 1-Cu foam electrode upon stepwise glucose addition into 0.1 M of NaOH under voltage of 0.65 V. The figures are Reprinted with corresponding permission as follows: (a): [57] Copyright 2020, Springer. (b): [142] Copyright 2020, American Chemical Society. (c): [143] Copyright 2018, Elsevier. (d): [144] Copyright 2019, American Chemical Society. (e–g): [146] Copyright 2016, Elsevier. (k): [150] Copyright 2019, Elsevier. (l): [151] Copyright 2022, Elsevier. (m–o): [153] Copyright 2020, American Chemical Society. | PMC10295530 | bioengineering-10-00733-g004.jpg |
0.423638 | abe418c3a37f4b82807b04eaa4bd76e8 | (a) The structural constructions of [Ch]2[Co3(BDC)3Cl2] as well as its derivative [Ch]2[Co3(BDC)3Cl2]·2DMU. (b) Illustrative diagram of synthesis of Co-Ni(Fe)-MOF/PPy. (c) Illustrative diagram of preparation of core–shell structure UiO-67@Ni-MOF composite with PVP-regulated internal growth and glucose sensing with electrode modified by UiO-67@Ni-MOF. The figures are Reprinted with corresponding permission as follows: (a): [157] Copyright 2021, Royal Society of Chemistry. (b): [160] Copyright 2022, Elsevier. (c): [163] Copyright 2020, Elsevier. | PMC10295530 | bioengineering-10-00733-g005.jpg |
0.384091 | e0f58a4c0d744eb2ad1a026500a1854d | Number of MOF-based and MOF composite-based glucose sensor-related articles published in the past 10 years (up to 1 June 2023), obtained from Web of Science. | PMC10295530 | bioengineering-10-00733-sch001.jpg |
0.425855 | 7b571a643b664eb88fe8586ca43e199e | Graphical abstract of the introduction of MOFs and their composites in this review. | PMC10295530 | bioengineering-10-00733-sch002.jpg |
0.41443 | e1a2e745e8314cc4a8eaea72316edca5 | Isolation and confirmation of Vibrio isolates: (A) Image of presumed grown Vibrio colonies on selective TCBS agar plate. (B) Biochemical identification of five different Vibrio species. Zero indicates blank strip (without the addition of Vibrio culture) of 12 different biochemical tests. Numbers one, two, three, four, and five represent five different Vibrio species namely, V. proteolyticus, V. cincinnatiensis, V. nereis, V. harveyi, and V. campbellii, respectively. | PMC10295579 | antibiotics-12-01062-g001.jpg |
0.459371 | f8d8146b84a3400383b5e5b01647d2c1 | Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of identified different Vibrio isolates: (A) A representative plate of antibiotic susceptibility test assay of different Vibrio isolates by diffusion disk method showing the diameter of zone of inhibition. (B) Antimicrobial resistance and susceptibility pattern in each confirmed Vibrio isolates against selected antimicrobials. | PMC10295579 | antibiotics-12-01062-g002.jpg |
0.403941 | 64c18e8c914c4fa78e7d87986fc6aff9 | Amplification of Vibrio isolates’ virulent genes: (A) Image of 1.5% agarose gel run where Lane 1 (L1) represents 1 Kb marker and Lane 2 (L2) represents virulent gene primer hly-A (El Tor) amplification by PCR with genomic DNA of VH-I4 isolate. (B) View of 1.5% agarose gel run showing Lane 1 (L1): 1 kb marker, Lane 2 (L2): unamplified gene primers with selected other isolates, and Lane 3 (L3) indicating virulent gene primer ompW amplification by PCR with genomic DNA of isolate VHMC-A. | PMC10295579 | antibiotics-12-01062-g003.jpg |
0.439238 | fa0b6f0f46864a8bb3fd83d88d13c294 | Vibriophage induction: Growth curve of vibriophage in (A) VH-II1 isolate and (B) VHMC-A isolate, after Mitomycin C induction (MMC+). The absorbance was monitored over time at 550 nm and confirmed the presence of vibriophage in VH-II1 and VHMC-A isolates. | PMC10295579 | antibiotics-12-01062-g004.jpg |
0.441041 | 3fc5f0cc387d4e2cb5c283f885504076 | Conductive polymer-based TENG. | PMC10295964 | biosensors-13-00604-g001.jpg |
0.474123 | c1aaf367dcaf4f3bae526a06f1f1fad9 | (i) Vertical Contact–Separation Mode. (ii) Lateral Sliding Mode. (iii) Single-Electrode Mode. (iv) Freestanding Triboelectric Layer Mode [38]. Elsevier 2020. | PMC10295964 | biosensors-13-00604-g002.jpg |
0.432962 | 3063d3ff09c845bc8eeb305bb33ceeb7 | (a) Step-by-step fabrication process of the device [39]. 2020 Elsevier. (b) Schematic of GO/CP PDMS composites preparation [40]. 2022 RSC. (c) Synthetic structure of conductive self-healable organohydrogels (CSOs) as electrodes [41]. 2021 Elsevier. (d) Schematic diagram of porous PANI/PVDF-TrFE aerogel bulk preparation process [42]. 2021 Elsevier. (e) Structure diagram of the SPTGS [47]. 2021 John Wiley and Sons. | PMC10295964 | biosensors-13-00604-g003.jpg |
0.436306 | 0f562d98e6874b869ed354782e1db09f | (a) Synthesis process of ultrathin 2D Nb2CTx nanosheets and fabrication process of Nb2CTx/PANI sensor [43]. 2021 Elsevier. (b) Schematic illustration of conductive elastic sponge preparation via dilute chemical polymerization method [44]. 2021 Elsevier. (c) Self-powered ammonia gas alarm device based on PANI/MXene film sensor for coal miners’ daily shoes [45]. 2021 Elsevier. (d) Response mechanism schematic of rGO-PANI nanosheets before and after ammonia gas flow [46]. 2021 ACS. | PMC10295964 | biosensors-13-00604-g004.jpg |
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