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0.481966 | 1cabed6a075a4ca9af709a310a6b83e2 | (a) Photostability of deuterated radicals in cyclohexane solution. (b) Photograph of comparison of photostability under irradiation with 365 nm handheld UV lamp. | PMC10301369 | molecules-28-04805-g005.jpg |
0.510214 | 27296a1f51f649c79659ae50e51bb82c | Overview of the experimental design and validation of the peripartum antibiotic protocol. (A) Schematic diagram of the three experiments performed in the study. Broad-spectrum antibiotics (Abx) or sterile water (Ctrl) were administered to pregnant dams via gavage from E15 to P3. BM = breastmilk; Esb = Esbilac; LGG = Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. Note that in the antibiotic + formula feeding + LGG experiment, LGG was only administered to the Abx-Esb + LGG group by gavage from P4 to P8. All pups were sacrificed on P9. (B,C) Real-time qPCR for universal bacterial 16S rRNA and for major phyla was used to determine the relative gut bacterial load and abundance, respectively. (B) Stools from the dams were collected at E15 (baseline) and P3 (end of antibiotic treatment). (C) Colonic stools from the pups were collected at time of euthanasia at P9. The data presented as the means ± SD. * p < 0.05, using an unpaired Student’s t-test. ns, not significant. n = 5–7 stool samples for each group. | PMC10301450 | microorganisms-11-01482-g001.jpg |
0.443206 | 250b9d9e2ad545f99075d3aa91a3a598 | Effects of peripartum antibiotics on the developing neonatal gut of the mouse pups under baseline conditions. Broad-spectrum antibiotics or sterile water were given to pregnant dams from E15 to P3. Ileal tissue was harvested from the pups at P9. Pups exposed to antibiotics (Abx) were compared to unexposed pups (Ctrl). (A–C) Effects on intestinal mucin. (A) Representative micrograph of immunofluorescence staining of terminal ileum for MUC2 (red). (B) Quantification of MUC2+ cells/villi. (C) Relative gene expression of MUC2 and TFF3. (D–F) Effects on intestinal tight junction proteins and intestinal permeability. (D) Representative micrograph of immunofluorescence staining of terminal ileum for EPCAM (green). (E) Relative gene expression of EPCAM and CLDN3. (F) Measurement of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran 4 kDa (FD4) levels in serum 4 h after oral gavage. (G–M) Effects on intestinal proliferation. (G) Representative images of terminal ileum stained with H&E. (H) Measurements of villus height, crypt depth, and villus height to crypt depth ratio obtained from five well-oriented villi and crypts of the terminal ileum. (I,J) Immunofluorescence staining and quantification for OLFM4 (red) in the terminal ileum. (K) Reduced gene expression of OLFM4 in the terminal ileum of the Abx group. (L,M) Immunofluorescence staining and quantification for PCNA (green) in the terminal ileum. The data are presented as the means ± SD. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; **** p < 0.0001, using an unpaired Student’s t-test. ns, not significant. n = 8–13 pups for each group. Scale bar for all images is 50 µm. | PMC10301450 | microorganisms-11-01482-g002.jpg |
0.441845 | a7ec43e1173b42a588ccd5c3bb527e3a | Detrimental effects of peripartum antibiotics on neonatal gut injury in the mouse pups subjected to formula feeding. The antibiotic-exposed pups were formula-fed with Esbilac from P6 to P8. Terminal ileum samples were obtained after sacrifice on P9. (A) Representative images of H&E-stained terminal ileum sections. (B) Intestinal injury scores showing more severe injury in the Abx-Esb group compared to the Ctrl-Esb group. (C) Representative images of TUNEL-stained terminal ileum sections. TUNEL-positive cells indicative of apoptosis are indicated by green fluorescence. (D) Apoptotic index showing worse intestinal apoptosis in the Abx-Esb group compared to the Ctrl-Esb group. The data are presented as the median and interquartile ranges. * p < 0.05; **** p < 0.0001, using the Kruskal–Wallis test and with correction for multiple comparisons. n = 7–12 pups per experimental group. Scale bar is 200 µm for histology and 50 µm for immunofluorescence. | PMC10301450 | microorganisms-11-01482-g003.jpg |
0.409556 | b990f8317c324f668df2fa9cc9a96aaa | Effects of peripartum antibiotics on intestinal inflammation, intestinal mucin, and intestinal tight junction proteins following formula feeding injury. (A,B) Effects on intestinal inflammation. (A) Intestinal gene expression of CXCL1 and IL6 (inflammatory markers). Note higher markers for intestinal inflammation in the Ctrl-Esb group but not in the Abx-Esb group. (B) Western blot for ICAM1 (inflammatory marker) and p38 and p65 (TLR4 signaling markers). Note increased ICAM1, p38, and p65 protein expression in the Ctrl-Esb group but not in the Abx-Esb group. (C–E) Effects on intestinal mucin. (C) Representative micrographs of immunofluorescence staining for MUC2 (red) in the terminal ileum. (D) Quantification of MUC2+ cells/villi. (E) Relative gene expression of MUC2. (F,G) Effects on intestinal tight junction proteins. (F) Representative micrographs of immunofluorescence staining for ECPAM (green) in the terminal ileum. (G) Relative gene expression of EPCAM. The data are presented as the mean ± SD or the median and interquartile range. ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001, using one-way ANOVA or the Kruskal–Wallis test as appropriate and with correction for multiple comparisons. ns, not significant. n = 7–12 pups per experimental group. Scale bar is 50 µm for all images. | PMC10301450 | microorganisms-11-01482-g004.jpg |
0.454665 | ebd05b4a0b894d33b5df76a5b13b6893 | Detrimental effects of peripartum antibiotics and formula feeding on intestinal proliferation. (A) Representative micrographs of immunofluorescence staining for OLFM4 (red) and PCNA (green) in the terminal ileum. (B) Quantification of OLFM4+ crypts and PCNA+ cells/villi. (C) Quantification of the mean fluorescence intensity of PCNA by ImageJ software. (D) Gene expression data demonstrating a reduction in intestinal OLFM4 (marker of intestinal stem cell population) in the Abx-Esb group. The data are presented as the mean ± SD or the median and interquartile range. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; **** p < 0.0001, using one-way ANOVA or the Kruskal–Wallis test as appropriate and with correction for multiple comparisons. n = 7–12 pups per experimental group. Scale bar is 50 µm for all images. | PMC10301450 | microorganisms-11-01482-g005.jpg |
0.49162 | 47d083446c8341c09bf9bc468793e6de | Beneficial effects of postnatal LGG on formula feeding injury potentiated by peripartum antibiotics. LGG was administered by gavage from P4 to P8 to antibiotic-exposed pups subjected to formula feeding. (A–C) Effects of LGG on intestinal injury. (A) Representative H&E-stained and TUNEL-stained images of the terminal ileum. (B) Intestinal injury scores and apoptotic indices. (C) Representative Western blot images for the protein expression of ICAM1, p65, and p38. (D,E) Effects of LGG on intestinal proliferation. (D) Representative micrograph of immunofluorescence staining for PCNA (green) in the terminal ileum. (E) Quantification of PCNA+ cells/villi. (F,G) Activation of the Gpr81-Wnt-β-catenin pathway by LGG. (F) Intestinal gene expression of GPR81 (a receptor for lactate) and AXIN2 (a marker for b-catenin). (G) Representative micrograph of immunofluorescence staining for b-catenin (green). Note how the pattern of prominent β-catenin expression in the crypt region of the Abx-BM group is diminished in the Abx-Esb group and partially restored in the Abx-Esb + LGG group. The data are presented as the mean ± SD or the median and interquartile range. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; **** p < 0.0001, using one-way ANOVA or the Kruskal–Wallis test as appropriate and with correction for multiple comparisons. n = 6–8 pups per experimental group. Scale bar is 200 µm for histology and 50 µm for immunofluorescence. | PMC10301450 | microorganisms-11-01482-g006.jpg |
0.433359 | cc6712ea48c1404a8a9f2ceb27eaf865 | DON degradation profiles of the enrichment cultures and the isolate D3_3’ pure culture, as well as determination of the chemical structure of DON metabolite. (A) DON residual rate in MMFS and PYM media containing 50 mg/L of DON with or without insect fecal slurry after four instances of serial subcultivation. (B) LC profiles of DON degradation by the isolate D3_3 in MMFS medium containing 50 mg/L of DON. (C) MS profiles of DON, 3-keto-DON, and the putative metabolite 3-keto-DON generated by K. vulgare strain D3_3. | PMC10301637 | toxins-15-00367-g001.jpg |
0.451089 | 6323b11a648844bb9f2d6fcc7447ef8e | Taxonomic identification of DON-degrading strain D3_3. (A) The 16S rRNA-based phylogenetic tree of strain D3_3 reconstructed using the maximum likelihood method. The numbers near the nodes on the phylogenetic tree indicate that bootstrap values greater than 50%, while the content in parentheses are the GenBank accession numbers of the 16S rRNA sequences. Scale bar: 2 nucleotide substitutions per 100 positions. T: type strain, TP: use of patent strain as type strain. (B) ANI heatmap of seven Ketogulonicigenium strains. Heatmap generated based on ANI matrix obtained from Ketogulonicigenium genomes’ average nucleotide identity (ANI) values, ranging from low (blue) to high (orange). | PMC10301637 | toxins-15-00367-g002.jpg |
0.464257 | 37f1fd4d50ba46b3bc2934fd1c5fff6c | The impacts of different factors on the DON-degrading activity of strain D3_3 in the MMFS medium containing 50 mg/L of DON at incubation times of 12 and 72 h. (A) pH, (B) temperature, (C) carbon source, and (D) cultivation method. Significant differences (p < 0.05) in the degradation rates between the two groups, as determined via ordinary one-way ANOVA with a use of Tukey’s multiple comparisons test, are indicated by the different letters (a–e) above the columns. “Control” stands for the MMFS medium containing 50 mg/L of DON, while “no addition” stands for the DON-added and inoculated MMFS medium. | PMC10301637 | toxins-15-00367-g003.jpg |
0.422257 | e6c38c3f35af4aa2a30a96af16ebaf14 | Toxicity evaluation of DON and 3-keto-DON. Effect of different concentrations of DON (A) and 3-keto-DON (B) on the viabilities of GES-1 cells. Phytotoxicity assessment of DON, 3-keto-DON, and cell-free supernatant of DON-degradation culture (CFS) on the number (C) and area (D) of duckweed fronds. The use of different lowercase letters (a–f) indicates that there are significant differences (p < 0.05) between the treatments being compared. Values that share the same letter are not significantly different. | PMC10301637 | toxins-15-00367-g004.jpg |
0.379047 | 19ebef8c23f746b8a5e797c886b0f8a1 | Molecular weight characterization and enzymatic activity confirmation of four recombinant PQQ-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases. (A) SDS-PAGE analysis of four Ni-affinity purified recombinant ADHs. M: molecular weight markers (10–180 KD); Lane 1: control; Lane 2: KvADH1; Lane 3: KvADH2; Lane 4: KvADH3; Lane 5: KvADH4. (B) LC profiles of 3-keto-DON produced via in vitro DON oxidation using four ADHs with PQQ, Ca2+, and PMS present. | PMC10301637 | toxins-15-00367-g005.jpg |
0.428168 | 523f5e5d5fd44389b4c5a1ebb3b668c7 | Schematic presentation of the overall approach used to extract ECG electrode positions from 3D depth-sensing camera data. The first step involves methods to control the camera’s white balance and exposure settings and generate textured 3D surface meshes from the recorded depth data. During the offline processing step, these surfaces are aligned to extract the electrode positions within clusters of marker vertices found using texture images in the RGB chromacity color space and 3D surfaces. | PMC10301794 | sensors-23-05552-g001.jpg |
0.462438 | bab9d64eaae242789743a245bb4c4d2e | The elliptic area in the RGB chromacity space corresponds to the pixels encoding shades of gray [23]. The red r and green g chromacity values of the natural illumination color gamut of 5500 K define a point that is shifted slightly off the mean RGB chromacity toward yellowish colors. Standard 3D DS cameras designed for indoor use such as the Intel RealsenseTM typically allow adjusting the gains for the red and blue channels to illumination color gamuts between, for example, 2800 K and 6500 K, as indicated on the color gamut curve. However, in real clinical settings, gamuts from 2000 K up to 10,000 K can be expected, depending on the number of light sources and shades cast by objects and people. | PMC10301794 | sensors-23-05552-g002.jpg |
0.483912 | ca77f9fb91794d86bf0cef0eb66a85a5 | The histogram-based auto-exposure algorithm considers only the pixels that most likely correspond to the patient and ignores any others. This ensures that the brightness of the patient’s skin remains as constant as possible, regardless of whether the camera points toward a window (a) or the darkest corner of the room (b). Each visible electrode is labeled with the corresponding channel number and the ‘+’ markers indicate the projected location of the computed electrode position. | PMC10301794 | sensors-23-05552-g003.jpg |
0.442906 | a2321753cb164455b149d3726c59210d | Examples for texture images recorded from the front (a) and back (c) of the torso, and the corresponding color-corrected versions (b,d). In (b,d), each visible electrode is labeled with the corresponding channel number. The ‘+’ markers indicate the projected location of the computed electrode position. | PMC10301794 | sensors-23-05552-g004.jpg |
0.410567 | e3159423ce5947f59234baf796ffc14f | The electrodes mounted on the patient’s torso (a) are attached to the red electrode clips. The blue boundary of each clip head (b) forms a circular marker with the red electrode clip. Based on the red and blue colors, each marker can be recognized from the recorded texture images along with 3D surface information. | PMC10301794 | sensors-23-05552-g005.jpg |
0.424215 | 103a5eb31db04d8a9999559d0a6c439f | Chromacity heat map of the pixels representing the electrode markers created from the texture images of three patients. The brighter the color, the higher the pixel count for the corresponding point in the RGB chromacity space, represented by its red r and green g chromacity values. For better readability, the RGB chromacity values are displayed in RGB gamma-compressed form. The Gaussian peaks (dash doted ellipses) representing the red (1) and blue (2) pixels of the electrode markers are clearly visible. They can easily be distinguished from the peak (3) representing the color highlights and reflections. Peak (4) is caused by inappropriately chosen values for the parameters required to convert raw color sensor data to the RGB color space. | PMC10301794 | sensors-23-05552-g006.jpg |
0.450745 | de41bcd885274d589194b02790ac1d6f | The preview screen is divided into three panels. The main panel (1) displays the image recorded by the color sensor of the 3D DS camera. The parts of the 3D image for which no color information could be captured are replaced with the edges extracted from the depth image shown in panel 3. The current values of the color temperature, exposure time, frames per second, and other process parameters are displayed in panel 2. The two vertical lines indicate the area where the views of both cameras overlap. | PMC10301794 | sensors-23-05552-g007.jpg |
0.426508 | 17c75361bea44c4b98d3d4b1ede43378 | Manual evaluation of the proposed approach for locating the electrode positions on a patient’s torso. The electrode positions are backprojected onto each recorded torso surface segment (a). An electrode position can be moved by clicking on the corresponding green cross-shaped graphical marker displayed on the texture image. Its new position is selected by pointing and clicking on it (b). In case the position pointed to is not backed by a valid surface triangle, the new point (red cross) is moved to the closest possible position. By right-clicking on an electrode marker, it can be disabled and/or enabled on the presented view. Any disabled markers are not considered suitable for further evaluation. | PMC10301794 | sensors-23-05552-g008.jpg |
0.505053 | 9b5316a13f564fdf83fd87cd26970216 | β-1,3-glucanase activity in tobacco leaves after interaction with M7SB41 under pathogen stress. E+ and E− means endophyte-infected and endophyte-free plants, respectively. Values expressed as the means ± SD (n = 10), Student’s t-test was used to determine the difference between E+ and E− plants. Variation between E+ and E− were indicated by ** p < 0.01. | PMC10301872 | jof-09-00620-g001.jpg |
0.651562 | 5b98427a47c64fd9a616ffc7d60f462a | Effects of M7SB41 on the content of SA and JA in tobacco under pathogen stress. (a) The contents of SA at 0, 7, 14 d after challenge with G. cichoracearum. (b) The contents of JA at 0, 7, 14 d after challenge with G. cichoracearum. E+ and E− means endophyte-infected and endophyte-free plants, respectively. Values expressed as the means ± SD (n = 3). One-way ANOVA was performed for analysis among groups. Variations between E+ and E− were indicated by * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001, #
p > 0.05. | PMC10301872 | jof-09-00620-g002.jpg |
0.508232 | 5e30ad47f4b94b488c4349523b762b1f | The Venn diagram of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between E− and E+. C and T: control (E− plants) and treatment (E+ plants), respectively; 0, 24, and 72 represent 0, 24, and 72 h of infection with powdery mildew, respectively. | PMC10301872 | jof-09-00620-g003.jpg |
0.46867 | fbe61ccffcfa465e85e92cb56f57ca5a | Patterns of gene expressions across three time points in the E+ plants and E−plants inferred by STEM analysis. Note: The number in top left corner indicates the profile ID number, the number in bottom left corner indicates the number of genes in that profile, and the profiles were ordered based on the number of genes. The significance is characterized by different colors (green and red represent p-value ≤ 0.05, red represents the most significant difference. | PMC10301872 | jof-09-00620-g004.jpg |
0.401808 | fc629cadc9444ca08f95d2cc816534ba | KEGG heat map of two plant defense-relate pathways. (a) KEGG heat map of hormone signal transduction pathway. (b) KEGG heat map of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. p value is characterized by different colors, as shown in the example on the right, and red indicates p < 0.05; C and T: control (E− plants) and treatment (E+ plants), respectively; 0, 24, and 72 represent 0, 24, and 72 h of infection with powdery mildew, respectively. | PMC10301872 | jof-09-00620-g005.jpg |
0.446599 | b9a16b07b83748b68c593bdfc5c4446a | Validation of mRNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Note: FPKM indicates fragments per kilobase of exon per million mapped reads. | PMC10301872 | jof-09-00620-g006.jpg |
0.461791 | 9d1b419e7d234609aca69d254e4021e0 | Model for priming of SA-dependent pathway and other defense responses by endophyte M7SB41 against G. cichoracearum invasion. Colonization with M7SB41 was associated with activation of Ca2+-signaling, SA-signaling, and phenylpropanoid pathway. (a) Ca2+-signaling: after infection by M7SB41, it may trigger an influx of calcium ions which is then followed by changes in the expression of CaM/CML, CDPKs genes. After that, the expression of downstream WRKY may be regulated. (b) SA-signaling: pathogens attack results in increased biosynthesis of SA via PAL pathway. SA accumulation disrupts the oligomeric NPR1 into its monomers and then NPR1 monomers interact with TGA and WRKY. Subsequently, it may induce expression of disease resistance genes including PR genes. Finally, SAR was activated. (c) Phenylpropanoid pathway. | PMC10301872 | jof-09-00620-g007.jpg |
0.475682 | 05888a795956490a9445258c13222a51 | Pyocyanin-induced neural cell damage. (A) Mechanism of pyocyanin-induced oxidative stress (B) cell viability experiment was performed by CCK-8 kit. (C) Relative mitochondrial membrane potential, (D) intracellular glutathione, (E) glutathione reductase and (F) glutathione peroxidase. (G) The accumulated ROS was determined according to by FACS. (H) Evaluating ROS positive portion. The results are expressed as average ± SD (n = 3). Star marker indicates statistically difference of P < 0.05. | PMC10301880 | d3ra02943c-f1.jpg |
0.42749 | b7e3b173ee8b42499fd7153928b67937 | Chemical structure on selected antioxidant compounds. | PMC10301880 | d3ra02943c-f2.jpg |
0.42388 | 547699d965f3455ead68d389de3be28d | Antioxidant compounds attenuated pyocyanin-induced ROS production and cell dysfunction. (A) Relative mitochondrial membrane potential. (B) Glutathione, (C) glutathione reductase and (D) glutathione peroxidase amount. (E) Potential antioxidant comparison was analyzed by heat map. The relative increased percentage of data was used. The bins of 25%, 50% and 75% were selected by employing green, blue, dark red and red color. | PMC10301880 | d3ra02943c-f3.jpg |
0.519753 | 6d4bf44b60bb4fbe8957df542e47f96d | Pyocyanin-induced neuronal dysfunction activates AMPK and ERK pathway. (A) Western blot assay of essential kinases by their phosphorylation. Relative band intensity assay between phosphorylated (B) AMPK, (C) ERK, (D) JNK, (E) p38 and internal control. (F) Pre-incubation with catechin or U0126, the ERK specific inhibitor, partially abolish pyocyanin-induced AMPK and ERK phosphorylation. Relative band intensity assay between (G) p-AMPK, (H) p-ERK and internal control. (I) Pre-incubation with catechin or U0126 attenuated pyocyanin-induced ROS positive cells (n = 10 000 cells). The results are expressed as average ± SD (at least n = 3). Star marker indicates statistically difference of P < 0.05. | PMC10301880 | d3ra02943c-f4.jpg |
0.529384 | 1fbd2f2505d7471bafafa9389f878b25 | Catechin protective against pyocyanin-induced ROS production. | PMC10301880 | d3ra02943c-f5.jpg |
0.490189 | 1f3bc4d357474116abc7cba4a63dcf1c | Potential pathophysiological targets/mechanisms of SGLT2 inhibitors. The interplay between NAFLD and diseases of the metabolic spectrum (Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and other components of metabolic syndrome) addresses many potential mechanisms by which SGLT-2 inhibitors could act beyond inhibiting SGLT2-mediated renal glucose reabsorption and inducing glycosuria. Furthermore, NAFLD has been associated with an increased risk for chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular diseases, and SGLT-2i are known for their renoprotective and cardioprotective properties. Their different pathophysiological targets/mechanisms include the inhibition of de novo lipogenesis, leading to hepatic steatosis and improving oxidative and inflammatory responses, which directly and indirectly improve insulin sensitivity. Abbreviations: NAFLD: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, NASH: non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma, SGLT-2i: Sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors. | PMC10301940 | medicina-59-01136-g001.jpg |
0.415903 | d7c9e5645ea5479a97ceaaab8e19ee89 | Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) flow diagram. | PMC10301940 | medicina-59-01136-g002.jpg |
0.417071 | a402b755439f4eefb8b2a019c172323c | Macroscopic characteristics of L. galangal. (a) Morphological view of the L. galangal. (b) Cuttings of the inner rhizome. | PMC10302669 | medicines-10-00034-g001.jpg |
0.456782 | 30b95c748b8347f0af46e0cb1c866116 | (a) Microscopic view of the transverse section of L. galangal rhizome (×40). Powder microscopy: (b) phloem vessel (×40), (c) calcium oxalate crystals (×40), (d) fiber (×40), (e) endocarp (×40). | PMC10302669 | medicines-10-00034-g002.jpg |
0.401721 | c848031d46de4238bd6b3a09def31901 | TLC results for the hexane galangal extract. (a) TLC galangal extract under the UV 254 lamp. (b) TLC under the UV lights, 360 nm. | PMC10302669 | medicines-10-00034-g003.jpg |
0.431644 | e0dffc93e2ef4431a794cdc24864a7dd | Antifungal activity of the extracts of L. galangal rhizome. (a) Candida albicans. (b) Aspergillus niger. | PMC10302669 | medicines-10-00034-g004.jpg |
0.380587 | 82780645ac014f64a2b1ff07e2fdde3e | Proposed structure of Schottky graphene solar cell. | PMC10302783 | micromachines-14-01226-g001.jpg |
0.417467 | 82e641fbcee44a3d86ebb70eafdeb9b2 | Energy band diagram of graphene solar cell. | PMC10302783 | micromachines-14-01226-g002.jpg |
0.451866 | 6b19a1ecba6e43a8a6e45f31febd53d5 | Optimized optical intensity in Si solar cell. | PMC10302783 | micromachines-14-01226-g003.jpg |
0.450922 | e2904ebb4a5e4d95afa205961214d143 | Solar cell cross-section view of graphene Si. | PMC10302783 | micromachines-14-01226-g004.jpg |
0.468255 | acfd7a79f6fd4055bd06f9198f7d1d7a | Solar cell cross-section view of graphene GaAs. | PMC10302783 | micromachines-14-01226-g005.jpg |
0.433908 | ad158668e5ed4a52a012ecdfb98331d4 | Photogeneration rate in Si solar cell. | PMC10302783 | micromachines-14-01226-g006.jpg |
0.42419 | b672adcf2a704257a98b7b5d47594a33 | Recombination rate in Si Solar cell. | PMC10302783 | micromachines-14-01226-g007.jpg |
0.420298 | 7d58b28439344126bb73cbe91980d839 | Potential of Si solar cell. | PMC10302783 | micromachines-14-01226-g008.jpg |
0.456258 | 229dd99e3d9d49cfb64517ef98bcd794 | Photogeneration rate of Si cell: (a) 5 µm, (b) 10 µm, (c) 20 µm. | PMC10302783 | micromachines-14-01226-g009.jpg |
0.525288 | c7cb941de82a4bb7ad312e058925906a | Electric field of Si cell: (a) 5 µm, (b) 10 µm, (c) 20 µm. | PMC10302783 | micromachines-14-01226-g010.jpg |
0.409585 | 0164d8d9626b4332b5f38531cec098b0 | Potential of Si cell: (a) 5 µm, (b) 10 µm, (c) 20 µm. | PMC10302783 | micromachines-14-01226-g011.jpg |
0.430303 | ed532f61ca824b4389f4ede45ce26209 | I-V curve of Si substrate with different thicknesses. | PMC10302783 | micromachines-14-01226-g012.jpg |
0.547143 | 75c8aaf331a94d1a824c9c1fe1465ed9 | EQE of solar cell vs. different Si thicknesses. | PMC10302783 | micromachines-14-01226-g013.jpg |
0.522027 | cf9bec29ed39428289b85715ca488ae0 | I-V curve of GaAs substrate with different thicknesses. | PMC10302783 | micromachines-14-01226-g014.jpg |
0.512876 | 6fda43ed15b44698bdf1b15b2c6f1bdb | EQE of solar cell vs. different GaAs thicknesses. | PMC10302783 | micromachines-14-01226-g015.jpg |
0.478727 | 8b71c27da32e48ad85c608e9f2771671 | Absorption and transmission co-efficient of solar cells. | PMC10302783 | micromachines-14-01226-g016.jpg |
0.420813 | c95e00df8d3b499a82ebcc612dc498de | The procedure of isoflurane administration and LFP PSD during different states. a Schematic procedure of the experiment. The isoflurane was administered at sustained concentration and increased in a stepwise fashion. b Average LFP spectrogram during four states from 20 animals. The color bar indicates the log PSD. The QA and four isoflurane-dose states were demarcated by the black box in each spectrogram. c Relative power spectrum density in delta, theta, alpha, and beta band. Dark blue columns refer to the QA state, yellow columns refer to the 0.75% isoflurane, and red columns refer to the 1.25% isoflurane, green columns refer to the 1.75% isoflurane. QA, Quiet awake state. The dots refer to the relative power values of each rat. One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post hoc test. ∗ indicates a significant difference between states (QA, 0.75%, 1.25%, or 1.75%) with p < 0.05; n = 20 | PMC10303294 | 12871_2023_2153_Fig1_HTML.jpg |
0.445781 | 312011d770fd47819694c8eaffa21345 | Functional connectivity under QA and three isoflurane-dose states in the 1–30 Hz. a-d The topology of DMN under QA and three isoflurane-dose states in the 1–30 Hz. QA, Quiet awake state. PrL, prelimbic cortex; OFC, orbital cortex; Cg, cingulate cortex; Hip, hippocampus; PPC, posterior parietal cortex; TeA, auditory/temporal association cortex; V2, secondary visual cortex; RSC, retrosplenial cortex. e The Holistic FCS of the DMN. FCS, functional connection strength. The dots refer to the FCS of each rat. ∗ indicates a significant difference between each state (QA, 0.75% isoflurane, 1.25% isoflurane, and 1.75% isoflurane) using one-way ANOVA with a Bonferroni post hoc test. The level of significance is p < 0.05. n = 20 | PMC10303294 | 12871_2023_2153_Fig2_HTML.jpg |
0.379275 | 08a57233ddb24f2cbc9b3dac28dbe4e4 | DMN topologies and FCS with the 20% smallest and 20% largest fluctuation FC in the DMN across different states in 1–30 Hz. a–d Stable network topology (small fluctuation). e The FCS of the stable network topology. f-i Flexible network topology (large fluctuation). j The FCS of the flexible network topology. The blue lines indicate the smallest 20% fluctuation of connections based on the fuzzy entropy of PLVs; the red lines indicate the largest 20% fluctuation. The dot size indicates the degree of centrality of the DMN regions. R, right, L, left. n = 20 | PMC10303294 | 12871_2023_2153_Fig3_HTML.jpg |
0.404092 | d6fd17db07a84271ad159552b9d30a82 | FCS and topological features of the DMN under QA and three isoflurane-dose states. a-e
Cluster in the 1–30 Hz and four frequency bands. f-j Mod in the 1–30 Hz and four frequency bands. The dots refer to the Cluster, and Mod values of each rat. ∗ indicates a significant difference between each state (QA, 0.75% isoflurane, 1.25% isoflurane, and 1.75% isoflurane) using one-way ANOVA with a Bonferroni post hoc test. The level of significance is p < 0.05. n = 20 | PMC10303294 | 12871_2023_2153_Fig4_HTML.jpg |
0.546052 | 31f0ac02a7ef4ef08eac78574faccf13 | The isolated bioactive marker compounds from different fractions of A. costus. (1) Dehydrocostus lactone, (2) costunolide, (3) syringin and (4) 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde. | PMC10303526 | molecules-28-04815-g001.jpg |
0.483975 | d9aafcd115224c4a863e41a0e49ea62c | High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) chromatogram observed at 220 nm of a standard compound mixture from A. costus displaying the separation of isolated marker compounds (1) 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde, tR 9.56, (2) syringin, tR 10.85, (3) costunolide, tR 22.84, and (4) dehydrocostus lactone, tR 23.55, and, obtained by the developed HPLC method. | PMC10303526 | molecules-28-04815-g002.jpg |
0.411566 | 0a4468304d5d4f8cbdda717f532cd289 | High-performance liquid chromatography chromatogram at 220 nm of crude extract of A. costus showing identified peaks of isolated marker compounds used as standard compounds for quantification in extract and fractions using the developed HPLC method. | PMC10303526 | molecules-28-04815-g003.jpg |
0.408409 | 34ff5818be694b48b857daa96a536b6b | The relative contents of bioactive marker compounds dehydrocostus lactone, costunolide, syringin and 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde in crude ethanolic extract and hexane, chloroform, and butanol fractions. | PMC10303526 | molecules-28-04815-g004.jpg |
0.473056 | dcc3fa3537894cca93e2625157ad49fc | Cytotoxicity activity (% growth inhibition) for (a) hexane, (b) chloroform and (c) butanol fractions and (d) crude ethanolic extract at different concentrations of 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 µg/mL. | PMC10303526 | molecules-28-04815-g005.jpg |
0.526789 | f2ba59659d5e4bbba3a24aff00ca7029 | The proposed SOA-based RC scheme. g1 and g2 are the input gain and feedback gain of RC; ui(t) is the i-th value of the input parameter that enters RC after passing through a high-dimensional masking operation at time t; xi(t) and xi(t − 1) are the states of neurons within RC at time t and t − 1, respectively. | PMC10303539 | sensors-23-05697-g001.jpg |
0.517379 | 1460c8fd88c94453893ce49e2ac51a1d | Activation function obtained by the SOA. | PMC10303539 | sensors-23-05697-g002.jpg |
0.425426 | 6cf17f3a9da24808a630d9961190c987 | Internal status of the neuron of the SOA-based RC: (a) 50 neurons and (b) 1 neuron. | PMC10303539 | sensors-23-05697-g003.jpg |
0.528185 | aeac1f5034254ceea1c4b62122eb587e | Simulation platform of the DWDM channel for NRZ or DQPSK signals. | PMC10303539 | sensors-23-05697-g004.jpg |
0.413988 | 37101f93508440919ef902a1e5987b05 | Optical spectra of the 20-channel OOK signals: (a) before and (b) after the transmission. | PMC10303539 | sensors-23-05697-g005.jpg |
0.404365 | eacfbee7267240e195ed704d6156dba1 | Optical spectra of the 10-channel DQPSK signals: (a) before and (b) after the transmission. | PMC10303539 | sensors-23-05697-g006.jpg |
0.463301 | 1a2df59c90ff4f9d953ed722cd16b3f4 | The dependence of the signal quality Q on (a) the training length Ltra and (b) the input mask dimension Nm for NRZ signals. | PMC10303539 | sensors-23-05697-g007.jpg |
0.419121 | 7d892859eac24290837899a634703ab8 | Distorted and compensated NRZ signals with launched optical powers in (a) Channel 1 and (b) Channel 10. | PMC10303539 | sensors-23-05697-g008.jpg |
0.413172 | f9c00393635e44c6b2d156fee1935729 | Distorted and compensated OOK signals in different DWDM channels. | PMC10303539 | sensors-23-05697-g009.jpg |
0.388594 | 0a177dff3f9442fe8c279ce5fb05778a | The dependence of the signal quality Q on (a) the training length Ltra and (b) the input mask dimension Nm for DQPSK signals. | PMC10303539 | sensors-23-05697-g010.jpg |
0.375834 | 502cc7f529a44335b137cdd4d19d8004 | Distorted and compensated DQPSK signals with launched optical powers in (a) Channel 1 and (b) Channel 5. | PMC10303539 | sensors-23-05697-g011.jpg |
0.433414 | b03a753150e041fcbe0af034f911e999 | Distorted and compensated DQPSK signals for the 10-channel DWDM system. | PMC10303539 | sensors-23-05697-g012.jpg |
0.464497 | 2f8a2983c7f24a1891a62fc42dbaad82 | Constellation diagrams for (a) Channel 1 before compensation, (b) Channel 1 after compensation, (c) Channel 5 before compensation, and (d) Channel 5 after compensation. | PMC10303539 | sensors-23-05697-g013.jpg |
0.480686 | 5ee0b8d3c923486293748d0205569ea3 | Compensation comparison of FFE, SOA-RC, and FFE+SOA-RC for (a) NRZ and (b) DQPSK. | PMC10303539 | sensors-23-05697-g014.jpg |
0.45567 | 167fc7cc7c4249c7b2351f835dc4c97b | Phylogenetic tree of 10 yeast strains isolated from traditional doenjang and nuruk in various regions in Korea. A maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree was constructed using fifteen long 18S rRNA gene sequences from Debaryomyces hansenii, Millerozyma farinose, Hyphopichia burtonii, Saccharomycopsis fibuligera, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Nakaseomyces glabratus, and Starmerella geochares sequences from GenBank. The accession numbers of each strain in GenBank are presented in parentheses.The isolate was inoculated into 1% YPD broth containing 25% glucose (v/v) and cultured at 25 °C for 7 days to evaluate the sugar consumption and alcohol production of the yeast strains. Among the ten isolates, D10–P12 exhibited the highest alcohol production, followed by NR4, D6–P9, D5–P5, and NR5 (Table 1). Therefore, the functional characteristics of the five selected yeast strains were evaluated. | PMC10303777 | microorganisms-11-01503-g001.jpg |
0.468296 | 2dceda246d824700803d50efa27dcb0e | Dose-dependent cell viability in yeast strains (a). RAWBlue™ (1 × 105/well plate) with or without LPS (10 ng/mL) in the presence or absence of yeast at indicated doses. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. Effects of yeast strains on the production of NF-κB (b) in LPS (100 ng/mL)-induced RAWBlue™ cell. The data represent the mean ± SD of triplicate experiments. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001 compared with LPS-only-treated cells. | PMC10303777 | microorganisms-11-01503-g002.jpg |
0.448956 | 20bc73199c3e4b18b8ae05d9192fb4c2 | Effects of yeast strains on LPS (100 ng/mL)-stimulated NO production in RAWBlue™ cells. Nitrite level (a) in the culture medium was measured using Griess Regent. iNOS (b) and COX-2 (c) mRNA expression was detected by RT-PCR. The data represent the mean ± SD of triplicate experiments. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001 compared with LPS-only-treated cells. | PMC10303777 | microorganisms-11-01503-g003.jpg |
0.434164 | c3f115ae6930417b821745f49344e6d3 | Effects of yeast strains on LPS (100 ng/mL)-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines in RAWBlue™ cells. IL-1β (a), IL-6 (b), and TNF-α (c) levels in the culture medium were measured using ELISA. mRNA levels of IL-1β (d), IL-6 (e), and TNF-α (f) were determined using RT-PCR. The data represent the mean ± SD of triplicate experiments. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001 compared with LPS-only-treated cells. | PMC10303777 | microorganisms-11-01503-g004.jpg |
0.411785 | e279aeac77cf4bb4b96183e1c730bf0d | Antibacterial activity of the yeast isolates against Bacillus cereus (B. cereus) KACC 10004, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) ATCC 6538, Escherichia coli (E. coli) KCTC 1309, and Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) KCTC 41028. Control represents the result of inoculating bacteria only. The data represent the mean ± SD of triplicate experiments. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001 compared with the bacteria-only-treated control. | PMC10303777 | microorganisms-11-01503-g005.jpg |
0.451549 | 17c1fbb06e0f49daae9b8db8b46847fb | A graphical illustration of the classification of extended reality (ER) into subtypes of technologies such as: augmented reality (AR), mixed reality (MR), and virtual reality (VR). Self-developed illustration. | PMC10303875 | tomography-09-00088-g001.jpg |
0.446674 | 2f3a8f750bbb4c378cc1404a0f224f91 | PRISMA analysis. * Records identified through PubMed and Scopus, ** Records excluded for not directly relevant. | PMC10303875 | tomography-09-00088-g002.jpg |
0.498117 | 064a511d2cbb4d638d35750f5260de30 | Longitudinal evaluation of serum values 2, 4, and 12 weeks after drug administration; group 1 (ferric carboxymaltose) presented in orange and group 2 (iron sucrose) presented in turquoise. 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; CTX, beta-CrossLaps; Hb, hemoglobin; iPTH, intact parathyroid hormone; P1NP, procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide. Data are presented as mean and 95% confidence intervals. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001. | PMC10304306 | nutrients-15-02693-g001.jpg |
0.459117 | e6f81a9a24f54d74b9df2916c97a1b21 | Comparison of crestal and lateral approach groups by follow-up period (mm). | PMC10304546 | medicina-59-01132-g001.jpg |
0.512973 | d0cc58a7d30d44758765dc24d0cf96fc | Estimated mean change in the grafted bone height in the crestal approach group. | PMC10304546 | medicina-59-01132-g002.jpg |
0.495684 | f9ced1e7eb5f4da0b15328926ab40232 | Estimated mean change in the grafted bone height in the lateral approach group. | PMC10304546 | medicina-59-01132-g003.jpg |
0.413912 | 27bdf064ea9d402d96ba63ae2f4d4c57 | Growth response of roots (a) and shoots (b) of cultivar Sparkle and E107 (brz) mutant to inoculation with Cupriavidus sp. D39. Treatments: control—Al-untreated and uninoculated plants, D39—inoculated with Cupriavidus sp. D39, Al—treated with 80 µM AlCl3, D39 + Al—inoculated with Cupriavidus sp. D39 and treated with 80 µM AlCl3. Vertical bars show standard errors. Different lowercase letters show significant differences between treatments (least-significant difference test, p < 0.05; n varied from 25 to 30 depending on the pea genotype and treatment). DW stands for dry weight. | PMC10304612 | plants-12-02334-g001.jpg |
0.384577 | 24abcb8de9c9450a9dad4f74e281ccc9 | Final concentration of Al in solution (a), roots (b), and shoots (c) and pH of the solution (d) of cultivar Sparkle and E107 (brz) mutant inoculated with Cupriavidus sp. D39. Treatments: control—Al-untreated and uninoculated plants, D39—inoculated with Cupriavidus sp. D39, Al—treated with 80 µM AlCl3, D39 + Al—inoculated with Cupriavidus sp. D39 and treated with 80 µM AlCl3. Vertical bars show standard errors. Different lowercase letters show significant differences between treatments (least-significant difference test, p < 0.05, n = 3). DW stands for dry weight. | PMC10304612 | plants-12-02334-g002.jpg |
0.449646 | 3bc437d0ee9641e387f353261d02d9d0 | Accumulation of Al in components of hydroponic system: root (a), shoot (b), solution (c), and residue (d). Pea genotypes: cultivar Sparkle and E107 (brz) mutant. Treatments: Al—uninoculated and treated with 80 µM AlCl3, Al + D39—inoculated with Cupriavidus sp. D39 and treated with 80 µM AlCl3. Vertical bars show standard errors. Different lowercase letters show significant differences between treatments (least-significant difference test, p < 0.05, n = 3). DW stands for dry weight. | PMC10304612 | plants-12-02334-g003.jpg |
0.375261 | b22dba6d235e4ff48e4c38bb42de8814 | The number of Cupriavidus sp. D39 in the nutrient solution (a) and on roots (b) of cultivar Sparkle and E107 (brz) mutant. Treatments: D39—inoculated with Cupriavidus sp. D39, D39 + Al—inoculated with Cupriavidus sp. D39 and treated with 80 µM AlCl3. Vertical bars show standard errors. Different lowercase letters show significant differences between treatments (least-significant difference test, p < 0.05, n = 12). CFU stands for colony-forming units. | PMC10304612 | plants-12-02334-g004.jpg |
0.379105 | 8b8384200eb04a3d8c027d69a64c66e4 | Fluorescence microscopy images of Cupriavidus sp. D39 on roots of cultivar Sparkle (a,c) and E107 (brz) mutant (b,d). The plants were untreated (a,b) or treated with 80 µM AlCl3 (c,d). The bacteria were tagged with GFP and colored green. Scale bar (20 µm) shown in (c) is the same for all images. | PMC10304612 | plants-12-02334-g005.jpg |
0.467351 | 0275e5984d0d48a29b9025e98d2f8420 | Exudation of organic acids by roots of cultivar Sparkle and E107 (brz) mutant inoculated with Cupriavidus sp. D39 and treated with aluminum. Organic acids: acetate (a), citrate (b), fumarate (c), lactate (d), malate (e), propionate (f), pyroglutamate (g), pyruvate (h), succinate (i). Treatments: control—Al-untreated and uninoculated plants, D39—inoculated with Cupriavidus sp. D39, Al—treated with 80 µM AlCl3, D39 + Al—inoculated with Cupriavidus sp. D39 and treated with 80 µM AlCl3. Vertical bars show standard errors. Different lowercase letters show significant differences between treatments (least-significant difference test, p < 0.05, n = 3). The # sign means not detected. DW stands for dry weight. | PMC10304612 | plants-12-02334-g006.jpg |
0.414617 | 780762c084244693ba35d524638dfacc | Exudation of total organic acids (a), amino acids (b), and sugars (c) by roots of cultivar Sparkle and E107 (brz) mutant inoculated with Cupriavidus sp. D39 and treated with aluminum. Treatments: control—Al-untreated and uninoculated plants, D39—inoculated with Cupriavidus sp. D39, Al—treated with 80 µM AlCl3, D39 + Al—inoculated with Cupriavidus sp. D39 and treated with 80 µM AlCl3. Vertical bars show standard errors. Different lowercase letters show significant differences between treatments (least-significant difference test, p < 0.05, n = 3). DW stands for dry weight. | PMC10304612 | plants-12-02334-g007.jpg |
0.499527 | 93067bdb01374b259d9a20c4ce45dc24 | Exudation of amino acids by roots of cultivar Sparkle and E107 (brz) mutant inoculated with Cupriavidus sp. D39 and treated with aluminum. Amino acids: arginine (a), cysteine (b), GABA (c), glycine (d), histidine (e), isoleucine (f), leucine (g), lysine (h), methionine (i), phenylalanine (j), proline (k), serine (l), threonine (m), tryptophane (n), tyrosine (o). Treatments: control—Al-untreated and uninoculated plants, D39—inoculated with Cupriavidus sp. D39, Al—treated with 80 µM AlCl3, D39 + Al—inoculated with Cupriavidus sp. D39 and treated with 80 µM AlCl3. Vertical bars show standard errors. Different lowercase letters show significant differences between treatments (least-significant difference test, p < 0.05, n = 3). The # sign means not detected. DW stands for dry weight. | PMC10304612 | plants-12-02334-g008.jpg |
0.451997 | 2261f84d9348445a9f3cb7c8c99f6d10 | Exudation of sugars by roots of cultivar Sparkle and E107 (brz) mutant inoculated with Cupriavidus sp. D39 and treated with aluminum. Sugars: arabinose (a), fructose (b), glucose (c), lactate (d), sucrose (e). Treatments: control—Al-untreated and uninoculated plants, D39—inoculated with Cupriavidus sp. D39, Al—treated with 80 µM AlCl3, D39 + Al—inoculated with Cupriavidus sp. D39 and treated with 80 µM AlCl3. Vertical bars show standard errors. Different lowercase letters show significant differences between treatments (least-significant difference test, p < 0.05, n = 3). The # sign means not detected. DW stands for dry weight. | PMC10304612 | plants-12-02334-g009.jpg |
0.41206 | ca8f2e21d936407d87fe601431da9104 | The amount of indole-3-acetic acid (a) and salicylic acid (b) in the nutrient solution where cultivar Sparkle and E107 (brz) mutant were cultivated. Treatments: control—Al-untreated and uninoculated plants, D39—inoculated with Cupriavidus sp. D39, Al—treated with 80 µM AlCl3, D39 + Al—inoculated with Cupriavidus sp. D39 and treated with 80 µM AlCl3. Vertical bars show standard errors. Different lowercase letters show significant differences between treatments (least-significant difference test, p < 0.05, n = 3). The # sign means not detected. DW stands for dry weight. | PMC10304612 | plants-12-02334-g010.jpg |
0.402624 | dbc30991a96f4f76a92ac599c027274f | (a) Schematic of the simulation model. Atoms with perfect BCC structure are removed; the red atoms are the PKA atoms. (b) The atomic structure of the four GBs studied in this work. Atoms are colored according to the common neighbor analysis (CNA) parameter, the blue atoms are in perfect BCC structure, and the white atoms are in the GB plane. The misorientation angles of the GB are indicated, and the GB structural units are outlined by the yellow lines. | PMC10304943 | materials-16-04414-g001.jpg |
0.488543 | 4347d3e3ddc147e387dedfa52c4454fb | (a) The number of point defects produced as a function of simulation time in (310) single-crystal at different temperatures with PKA energy of 9 keV. (b–g) Snapshots of defect distributions in the (310) single-crystal at 300 K. The red atoms are interstitial atoms, and the blue atoms are vacancies. | PMC10304943 | materials-16-04414-g002.jpg |
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