nopperl/pmc-image-text · Datasets at Hugging Face

dedup-isc-ft-v107-score float64 0.3 1	uid stringlengths 32 32	text stringlengths 1 17.9k	paper_id stringlengths 8 11	original_image_filename stringlengths 7 69
0.392386	5e16af056ce848c98c6ef802f99bc7f1	Supplementary Fig. 8. Full gels for Figs. 2C, D and 5A. Note that nitrocellulose for Fig. 5A was split for concomitant western blotting of proteins at different weights.	PMC8986152	mmc8.jpg
0.512492	80e041cf4c3b4a88b036db582839d2eb	Supplementary Fig. 9. Full gel for Fig. 6A. Note that nitrocellulose was split for concomitant western blotting of proteins at different weights.	PMC8986152	mmc9.jpg
0.466629	a2d0932144c1461b938a51396a6702ce	Pie chart representation of (a) blue fountain pen ink samples Bl1, Bl2, and Bl3, (b) black fountain pen ink samples Bk1, Bk2, Bk3, and Bk4, and (c) green fountain pen ink samples Gr1, Gr2, Gr3, and Gr4.	PMC8986443	IJAC2022-7186625.001.jpg
0.476839	e15957443df6430e81fc4930e5796bec	Total ion chromatogram (TIC) obtained from GC-MS analysis of blue fountain pen ink samples Bl1, Bl2, and Bl3.	PMC8986443	IJAC2022-7186625.002.jpg
0.457695	d478f526508749a9862d4eb2a052b581	Total ion chromatogram (TIC) obtained from GC-MS analysis of black fountain pen ink samples Bk1, Bk2, Bk3, and Bk4.	PMC8986443	IJAC2022-7186625.003.jpg
0.483904	0dee32e343dc48f0baf029e40b9b6376	Total ion chromatogram (TIC) obtained from GC-MS analysis of green fountain pen ink samples Gr1, Gr2, Gr3, and Gr4.	PMC8986443	IJAC2022-7186625.004.jpg
0.416183	13010cc777b2459880f217f1f3f06b3b	Bleeding and thromboembolic events during 1-year follow-up in 48 patients with COVID-19 who presented with a venous thromboembolic event that was diagnosed during hospitalization for COVID-19. The timeline indicates the date of clinical event occurrence after discharge. HIT = heparin-induced thrombocytopenia; LMWH = low molecular weight heparin; M = month; PE = pulmonary embolism; UFH = unfractionated heparin.	PMC8986540	gr1_lrg.jpg
0.459528	a3562893c0e8401788948bf008aa62a2	Sagittal plane visualization of simulated paths of the (A) lateral and (B) medial rectus muscle orbital and global layers in supraduction, central gaze, and infraduction. Muscle paths are inflected at the pulleys, but exhibit small transverse displacement within physiological range measured empirically by MRI.	PMC8987043	41598_2022_9220_Fig1_HTML.jpg
0.441612	d5050fdae9ba487aaf2058302d1e519f	Innervations of lateral and medial rectus muscles at different horizontal eye positions during simulated fixation. Innervation is a unitless scalar between 0 and 1.	PMC8987043	41598_2022_9220_Fig2_HTML.jpg
0.493103	64848e95a96542dd8cb507e6cfaa9e9f	(A) Diagram showing EOM layers and suspensions. Simulated tensions of (B) lateral and (C) medial rectus muscles and their associated pulley suspensions at different horizontal eye positions.	PMC8987043	41598_2022_9220_Fig3_HTML.jpg
0.430809	4accd2e1e2774ff79788f058b2c8fce4	Simulation of a 30° saccade from central gaze to abduction: (A) eye position, (B) velocity, (C) innervation of lateral and medial rectus muscle, and (D) muscle tension.	PMC8987043	41598_2022_9220_Fig4_HTML.jpg
0.42715	f94ea3719e2b4656814b157a430c5cfc	A lateral view of the new pulley model. The global layer and orbital layer of the lateral extraocular muscle are modeled as two separate muscle strands, as also implemented for the two layers of the medial rectus muscle that is not seen in this view. A pulley tube system was developed to model active pulley mechanics. LR: lateral rectus muscle.	PMC8987043	41598_2022_9220_Fig5_HTML.jpg
0.388349	16b3cd783a94411ea13bbdf4e7ea8d7e	Experimental design used within the presented study. (A) Ability of surviving Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP) treated biofilm-associated cells to continue multiplying and/or forming Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS). (B) Susceptibility of biofilm-associated cells toward consecutive CAP treatments.	PMC8988229	fmicb-13-831434-g001.jpg
0.419504	e5ef0dddf8834149ac8e139a784e1dab	Viable cell density [log (CFU/cm2)] of the untreated, CAP treated, and CAP treated + incubated model biofilms determined on non-selective and selective medium (n = 3). Moreover, the corresponding sub-lethal injury values (average ± stdev) have been presented at the top of the bars. (A) Listeria monocytogenes model biofilms and (B) Salmonella Typhimurium model biofilms.	PMC8988229	fmicb-13-831434-g002.jpg
0.482545	227889b1867448ebaffd6b005e7af138	Optical density (OD; -) following crystal violet staining of the untreated, CAP treated, and CAP treated + incubated model biofilms (n = 5). (A) Listeria monocytogenes model biofilms and (B) Salmonella Typhimurium model biofilms.	PMC8988229	fmicb-13-831434-g003.jpg
0.413062	b252caca7c0444308738d00ca1bffe5b	(A) Cell density [log10 (CFU/cm2)] and (B) percentage (%) of sub-lethally injured (SI) cells, both as function of the CAP treatment time for the Listeria monocytogenes model biofilms (n = 2). Five consecutive CAP treatment cycles were performed as: isolates from cycle × survivors were used to re-develop mature biofilms, which were again CAP treated (up to 30 min) in cycle x + 1. For the cell density, both the experimental data (symbols) and the global fit (line) of the Geeraerd et al. (2000) model are represented for each CAP treatment cycle: total viable population on non-selective medium (o, solid line) and uninjured viable population on selective medium (x, dashed line). For both the cell density and the percentage of SI, different CAP treatment cycles are indicated in different colors, i.e., black, red, blue, green, and light blue are used to illustrate the results obtained for the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th CAP treatment cycle, respectively.	PMC8988229	fmicb-13-831434-g004.jpg
0.42843	82f40b724e62498ab167ef403cdd06d0	(A) Cell density [log10 (CFU/cm2)] and (B) percentage (%) of SI cells, both as function of the CAP treatment time for the Salmonella Typhimurium model biofilms (n = 2). Five consecutive CAP treatment cycles were performed as: isolates from cycle × survivors were used to re-develop mature biofilms, which were again CAP treated (up to 30 min) in cycle x + 1. For the cell density, both the experimental data (symbols) and the global fit (line) of the Geeraerd et al. (2000) model are represented for each CAP treatment cycle: total viable population on non-selective medium (o, solid line) and uninjured viable population on selective medium (x, dashed line). For both the cell density and the percentage of SI, different CAP treatment cycles are indicated in different colors, i.e., black, red, blue, green, and light blue are used to illustrate the results obtained for the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th CAP treatment cycle, respectively.	PMC8988229	fmicb-13-831434-g005.jpg
0.475394	c2f90be1ef5b4252a0489e7f43cda7e1	Details of SARS CoV-2 Spike, NTL-125, ASAL and 3DZW proteins. (A) Schematic diagram of the spike protein showing different domains. (B) Sequence of spike RBD domain and RBM in red, with secondary structural elements. (C) Representation of lectin purification analysed in 15% SDS-PAGE, Lane M: Molecular weight marker, Lanes 1,2: semipurified proteins, Lanes 3: Purified ASAL, lanes, 4-5 NTL-125 monomer resolving at ∼15kDa. (D) Identified sequence of NTL-125 from Narcissus tazetta bulb. (E) Multiple sequence alignment of ASAL, NTL-125 and 3DZW.	PMC8988448	gr1_lrg.jpg
0.419693	518b96c8131a4da1b102eb309707b12a	Assessment of SARS CoV-2 inhibition in Vero-E6/TMPRSS2 cells by the lectins. Percentage of replication inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 by NTL-125 (A) and ASAL (B) lectins each at 0.5,1,5,10 and 20 µg concentrations indicated on X-axis. Each lectin assay was performed in two biological repeats with two technical repeats. The inhibition percentage calculation was based on increase in ct values. Niclosamide showed very high inhibition.	PMC8988448	gr2_lrg.jpg
0.464148	f8f9defc44734affa4a9607a2ccf0d9f	Assessment of pseudotype virus inhibition in Vero-E6/TMPRSS2 cells by the lectins. ASAL and NTL-125 were tested in three biological repeats. Each assay was done using two technical repeats. (A) Percent reduction in infectivity by ASAL and NTL-125 at 10 μg/mL.Using the luminescence virus entry was measured at 2 × 105 RLU (Relative Luminescence Unit) of virus suspension. (B) Percent reduction in infectivity by ASAL and NTL-125 following serial dilution, measured by the luminescence at 2 × 105 RLU of virus suspension.	PMC8988448	gr3_lrg.jpg
0.465617	89525ab0e6e84b039ace465eeff7c5f4	Multimeric structures of 3DZW-V36L, ASAL, NTL-125 and comparison of C-terminal and N-terminal domains of 3DZW-V36L, and NTL-125. (A) Homotetrameric structure of 3DZW-V36L, each chain is coded by different colours. (B) Homodimeric structure of ASAL, each chain is coded by different colours. (C) Homotetrameric structure of NTL-125, each chain is coded by different colours. (D) homology models of NTL-125 were built using three different servers, Robetta (RED), SwissModel (GREEN) and Phyre2 (BLUE). Full chain model (residue 1 to 139) was built by robetta, residues 1 to 109 were used for SwissModel and Phyre2. These three structures were superimposed and RMSD of the C-α backbone was calculated.	PMC8988448	gr4_lrg.jpg
0.458532	f2699c8c8cb94fedb5b82232be9d97d0	Docked representations of SARS-CoV-2 Spike-NTL-125 complexes and SARS-CoV-2 Spike-hACE2 complexes. The proteins are in ribbon model; the glycans are in stick model; and the glycan molecule interacting with both NTL-125 and spike is in CPK model. (A) NTL-125 bound with Spike protein. (B) NTL-125 bound with the Spike protein (Red colour open RBD chain). ((C, D) Zoomed view of NTL-125 and S1 region of the spike protein in 180°rotational view. (E) ACE2 bound with Spike protein. (F) ACE2 bound with the Spike protein (Red colour open RBD chain). (G, H) Zoomed view of ACE2 and S1 region of the spike protein in 180° rotational view.	PMC8988448	gr5_lrg.jpg
0.373738	d744ec7f108040a1b4dbfe35effa3bb9	Zoomed views of the binding clefts of the spike-ACE2 and spike-NTL-125 complexes. The residues of spike are displayed as ball and stick model, and the residues of ACE2 and NTL-125 are displayed as stick model. (A) ACE2 interacting with spike protein. (B) T chain of the tetrameric NTL-125 is interacting with spike. (C) V chain of the tetrameric NTL-125 is interacting with spike. (D) W chain of the tetrameric NTL-125 is interacting with spike. (E). Involvement of glycan in SARS-CoV-2 spike-NTL-125 complex formation. The proteins are in ribbon model, the glycan is in ball and stick model.	PMC8988448	gr6_lrg.jpg
0.441863	7987a2357d344b54be96c5c17f4772b7	Docking representations of wild type and C-terminal del mutant of NTL-125 with spike protein. (A) Full length NTL-125 bound with Spike protein (B) C-terminal del mutant bound with Spike protein.	PMC8988448	gr7_lrg.jpg
0.492167	27bb39d4a705469094a098bfffd9991f	Flow chart of the recruitment and selection of participants.	PMC8988889	fnut-09-812469-g0001.jpg
0.486132	af91031cb6e845fca31f7f590247f9d6	Comparison of the gut microbiome composition. PCoA of gut microbiome based on 266 genera abundance.	PMC8988889	fnut-09-812469-g0002.jpg
0.495914	0e41a06e935f47719b8aeaf47acd0d97	Comparison of the gut microbiome composition. (A) Relative abundance (%) of the two families specific to responders. (B) Relative abundance (%) of the eight genera specific to responders.	PMC8988889	fnut-09-812469-g0003.jpg
0.381388	a65a09457f7c420b8601ee128280a8c0	The random forest classification model generated based on 50 genera in the training data set. (A) The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and area under curve (AUC) of the microbiome for discrimination between responders and non-responders. (B) The top 20 explanatory variables that are important for the classification model.	PMC8988889	fnut-09-812469-g0004.jpg
0.422787	8588a6dfd3d14be8b37aacf85514c097	Susceptible, exposed, infected, and recovered flow.	PMC8988945	f15-01-9780128245361.jpg
0.422312	d51d1629883d4b6ab753dec8a991a067	Susceptible, exposed, infected, and recovered plot for α = 0.1995, β = 1.74987, γ = 0.4991 and ρ = 0.7.	PMC8988945	f15-02-9780128245361.jpg
0.415345	8f96192cb3144820820cc62a5180f971	Effectiveness of social distancing for various interaction factors.	PMC8988945	f15-03-9780128245361.jpg
0.503743	1ca782bc249547ef9ad3f2e38ad38ed1	Demonstration of double peak for early cessation.	PMC8988945	f15-04-9780128245361.jpg
0.513032	8ead819134564df7a87f6a261e08df44	Proposed system architecture.	PMC8988945	f15-05-9780128245361.jpg
0.51863	321d9aa1bca848ff9bbe26f218578f83	Backbone network and single shot detection heads.	PMC8988945	f15-06-9780128245361.jpg
0.469348	07fbd96ab7584a4a95ae39700a213597	Types of convolutions.	PMC8988945	f15-07-9780128245361.jpg
0.405602	b5ac64445afa42f68e74a1e07d480fc4	Application of Batch normalization and rectified linear unit.	PMC8988945	f15-08-9780128245361.jpg
0.494713	829ef8beedb142989fec4396ba57b290	You only look once V1 architecture.	PMC8988945	f15-09-9780128245361.jpg
0.457568	207e04fc74b741479a75f54b6f7891d9	Prediction vector normalization.	PMC8988945	f15-10-9780128245361.jpg
0.431313	f66210548dca43b28b5c0ec307e31322	Unique person tracking implementation.	PMC8988945	f15-11-9780128245361.jpg
0.497218	6d6739bc14114265a1b74c79646516d5	Face mask module implementation.	PMC8988945	f15-12-9780128245361.jpg
0.471957	da62b30c861846cfb047933aa76926e2	Integration of person identification with face mask detection.	PMC8988945	f15-13-9780128245361.jpg
0.494376	88eea9df2a7c41cf8b7ddd0617d003a8	Susceptibility score initialization at time t0.	PMC8988945	f15-14-9780128245361.jpg
0.486615	3220a724406c4899a98d23589a82469b	No face mask increment of susceptibility score at time t0.	PMC8988945	f15-15-9780128245361.jpg
0.45179	4f66a88ff0ed4578bfb751aa6cff2396	Social distance breach increment of susceptibility score at time t1.	PMC8988945	f15-16-9780128245361.jpg
0.444638	6bd789d4c58e4b36b0cdf0790b43a8e1	Social distance breach increment to susceptibility score at time t2.	PMC8988945	f15-17-9780128245361.jpg
0.439611	83a83632817a4089b2624368bfa84f94	Timestamp addition for new meet at time t3.	PMC8988945	f15-18-9780128245361.jpg
0.480085	512436d9669e40f286c8941b1b5032bf	Addition of two new candidates at time t4.	PMC8988945	f15-19-9780128245361.jpg
0.478459	a33fad8999844502b481f1c992e8dd86	Susceptibility score update based on face mask status at time t5.	PMC8988945	f15-20-9780128245361.jpg
0.470234	8b892631990e4e6e90ac2c1ed46b44b4	Contact tracing for infection detected at time t6.	PMC8988945	f15-21-9780128245361.jpg
0.432082	233dd5417f0349d8948b8cbb7222c01d	Motor learning set up and paradigm.(a) Position of participant during serial reaching task. (b) Illustration of arrangement of targets. The peripheral target (grey circle) would illuminate red indicating to the participant to reach to that target. After each reach to a peripheral target, the center target would turn red (empty circle) indicating to return to the center target. (c) Illustration of blocks of reaching movements in paradigm EB = explicit block, IB = implicit block, PRB = pseudo-random block.	PMC8989223	pone.0266508.g001.jpg
0.42766	4d380dd102a24d069b205d4e616a2dec	Explicit motor learning.Following practice, participants completed two blocks of outward and inward reaching to a known pattern of targets (EB1 and EB2). Bars represent the average time to complete the upper limb reaching task. Reaching outward movements are represented by solid bars, inward reaching movements by striped bars. After the two explicit motor learning blocks a pseudo-random catch block (PRB3) was introduced to assess explicit motor learning. The stability of explicit motor learning was later assessed at the end of the trial in EB16. Error bars represent standard deviations. Brackets indicate a significant within-group difference according to a Sign test, p < 0.05.	PMC8989223	pone.0266508.g002.jpg
0.518615	6d419258332348f0a44bf56ef6bcaa79	Implicit motor learning.The implicit sequence was introduced in IB5 and practiced continually through IB8. A pseudo-random catch block (PRB9) immediately followed IB8 to assess implicit motor learning. The stability of implicit motor learning was assessed in implicit block (IB11) following disruption from the pseudo-random catch block and following a 30-minute delay (IB13). Reaching outward movements are represented by solid bars, inward reaching movements by striped bars. Error bars represent standard deviations. Brackets indicate a significant within-group difference according to a Sign test, p < 0.05.	PMC8989223	pone.0266508.g003.jpg
0.426225	1bf78a70a28c411dbc2fbc8dc165c1cd	The cytotoxicity of normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) after ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure and astaxanthin treatment. (A) NHEKs were treated with various concentrations of astaxanthin (0, 10, 20, and 30 µM) for 24 hours. (B) NHEKs were pretreated for 24 hours with or without astaxanthin (20 µM) and subsequently exposed to UVB (0, 20, 40, and 60 mJ/cm2). Cell viability was determined by Cell Counting Kit-8. Significant difference compared to the untreated control group. Each bar represents the mean±standard deviation (n=5); p<0.05, *p<0.01 (the experiments were repeated three times and produced similar results).	PMC8989909	ad-34-125-g001.jpg
0.483462	4b62ec5c839f4aa7b884c2d25b282aa8	The effects of astaxanthin on the ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced reactive oxygen species in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs). Cells were treated with or without astaxanthin (20 µM) for 24 hours and then irradiated with UVB (0, 20, 40, and 60 mJ/cm2). The data shown are representative of three independent experiments. Astaxanthin decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in UVB-irradiated NHEKs. Each bar represents the mean±standard deviation (n=5), *p<0.01 (the experiments were repeated three times and produced similar results).	PMC8989909	ad-34-125-g002.jpg
0.461295	b031eac8e4bc45418d68e5204d09770e	The effects of astaxanthin on ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced apoptosis. Cells were treated with or without astaxanthin (20 µM) for 24 hours and then irradiated with UVB (0, 40, and 60 mJ/cm2). Flow cytometry analysis was performed after 24 hours incubation at 37℃. The experiments were repeated three times and produced similar results.	PMC8989909	ad-34-125-g003.jpg
0.435745	93b22ee247c24aeabfecc4596a87ea35	The effects of astaxanthin on apoptosis after ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation. Cells were treated with or without astaxanthin (20 µM) for 24 hours and then irradiated with UVB (0, 40, and 60 mJ/cm2). Cell lysates were prepared, and protein levels were analyzed by western blotting analysis using BAX, BCL2, cleaved CASP3, cleaved PARP, and ACTB antibodies. Densitometry data standardized to ACTB are presented below the band. The expression of BAX and BCL2 was consistent and are expressed as a ratio. The data shown are representative of three independent experiments.	PMC8989909	ad-34-125-g004.jpg
0.448912	4cec4a3227f849ab8307330a4461a3a2	Social media use between plastic surgery-trained and orthopedic-trained hand surgeons.	PMC8991742	gr1.jpg
0.480216	cb17322d3f0f4909be0512d4d4397895	Personal website usage among hand surgeons in various geographic regions of the United States.	PMC8991742	gr2.jpg
0.417177	b0849aaca23e4d3c9c0a9a1234077ac9	A: Depicts a poorly vascularized tumor region showing gradients of oxygen, nutrients and waste; B: shows an overlay of a large tumorosphere of a patient which has transformed from NSCLC under Osimertinib treatment to SCLC. The corresponding gradients are shown for the tumorosphere. NSCLC: non-small-cell lung cancer; SCLC: small-cell lung cancer	PMC8992524	cdr-2-762.fig.1.jpg
0.460548	ad6ce84a24774886a763840dc5b487f8	Discharged status across study period.	PMC8993433	jocmr-14-111-g001.jpg
0.463643	bddf5d83ef584b2f97fd7782f185b16c	(a) Lean mass of Hippo gene-mutated (n = 6–8), and control (n = 499–1850) 16-week-old mice. (b) Average of total body weight of Lats1 knockout (n = 8) and its control (n = 3349) mice. (c) Relative muscle weights of Gastrocnemius (Gas), Tibialis Anterior (TA), Extensor Digitorum Longus (EDL), and Soleus (Sol) muscles normalized to total body weight of Lats1−/− mice versus wildtype control mice (n = 4). (d) NADH-Tetrazolium Reductase (NADH-TR) staining of tibialis anterior muscle cross-sections from control and Lats1−/− mice (high oxidative capacity is stained in dark blue, low oxidative capacity is stained in light blue; n = 4). (e) Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining of the soleus muscle cross-sections from control and Lats1−/− mice (n = 4). Scale Bar = 50 μm. All values are presened as mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05. KO: Knock Out; WT: Wild Type; g: gram; mg: milligram. See Figure S1 for further H&E and NADH staining	PMC8993742	11248_2021_293_Fig1_HTML.jpg
0.460775	15cd366d743041d69c38c19d92f79a34	Lats1 deletion increases slow type I MyHC. (a) Representative images of ATPase stained soleus muscles cross-sections from 16-week-old control and Lats1−/− mice (n = 4) to determine fiber types (Type I fibers stain dark, type II and IIa fibers stain light). (b) Type I and (c) IIa fibre percentages in soleus muscles (n = 3–6). (d) Protein levels of total MyHC-I in the soleus muscle from control and Lats1−/− mice (n = 4). (e) Expression levels of Myh mRNA (encoding MyHC-I protein) in the soleus muscles from control and Lats1−/− mice were measured by qPCR (n = 4). Protein is normalized to the largest band in the Ponceau stain. Rpl7 was used as a reference gene to normalize mRNA. Circles indicate individual data points. A.U, arbitrary units; KD, Kilo Dalton. Scale Bar = 200 μm (whole muscle); 50 μm (higher resolution). All values present mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05. See Fig. S2 for further ATPase staining figures	PMC8993742	11248_2021_293_Fig2_HTML.jpg
0.423731	421b5d4746824495ab5d8ac5c4db57a9	Effect of exercise-associated stimuli on the expression level of the Lats1 gene in vitro. C2C12 myotubes were incubated with (a) Clenbuterol (100 μM), or (b) AICAR (1 mM) for 24 h and analyzed for Lats1 gene expression by qRT-PCR. Rpl7 was used as a reference gene to normalize mRNA. The circles indicate individual data points. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. **P < 0.001	PMC8993742	11248_2021_293_Fig3_HTML.jpg
0.445315	fd322baee7b748ebb78d56bfca4f17a8	Lats1 gene expression in response to physiological and pathological factors in skeletal muscle. (a) LATS1 expression in quadriceps muscle biopsy samples of healthy and DMD patients (Haslett et al., 2003). (b) Relative mRNA expression of Lats1 in synergist ablation-overloaded mouse plantaris muscle (Chaillou et al 2013). (c) Lats1 gene expression in mice tibialis anterior muscle injured with cardiotoxin injection at day 0 up to day 21 (Lukjanenko et al. 2013). (d) Effect of human endurance and resistance (strength) exercise on the expression of LATS1 in the vastus lateralis 2.5 h and 5 h after exercise (Vissing and Schjerling, 2014). The circles indicate individual data points. (e–f) Meta-analysis of Lats1 expression in response to (e) acute aerobic and (f) acute resistance exercise (http://www.metamex.eu/) (Pillon et al., 2020). Muscle Biopsies were collected at 0 h up to 96 h after exercise. The fold-change (log2) is represented by a square and the 95% confidence intervals are represented by horizontal lines. LogFC, Fold-change (log2); FDR, false discovery rate; n, sample size; A.U, arbitrary units. *P < 0.05	PMC8993742	11248_2021_293_Fig4_HTML.jpg
0.437259	1a37befbbece45119c4ebae6306dae47	Maintenance dose of DMF at week 52. Distribution of daily DMF dose at week 52 (observed cases, OC, n = 241); dose per tablet: 30 mg and 120 mg. Treatment with DMF is initiated at 30 mg once daily and escalated further up to a maximum dose of 720 mg per day, taking into account individual tolerability and treatment response	PMC8995418	13555_2022_714_Fig1_HTML.jpg
0.443309	a433a69df6b04d6294e836137f88f50d	a Absolute PASI from baseline to week 52. p < 0.001 versus baseline, using OC and LOCF, Wilcoxon signed-rank test. b Proportion of patients with PASI < 3 and PASI < 5. n = 663 (OC baseline), n = 245 (OC week 52), n = 465 (LOCF); p < 0.001 versus baseline for PASI < 3 and PASI < 5, using OC and LOCF, McNemar’s test. LOCF, last observation carried forward; OC, observed cases; PASI, Psoriasis Area and Severity Index	PMC8995418	13555_2022_714_Fig2_HTML.jpg
0.42255	dfd45307bd9b4f719f035c0e5134b455	a Physician’s Global Assessment of nail psoriasis. Patients presenting with nail disease at baseline (nail PGA > 0 at visit 1) n = 247 (OC baseline), n = 95 (OC week 52), n = 178 (LOCF); p < 0.001 versus baseline, using OC and LOCF, McNemar’s test. b Physician’s Global Assessment of nail psoriasis—distribution of nail severity grades. Patients presenting with nail disease at baseline (nail PGA > 0 at visit 1), n = 247 (OC baseline), n = 95 (OC week 52) in red on the left, n = 178 (LOCF) in blue on the right, p < 0.001 for clear or mild nail disease versus baseline, McNemar’s test. c Physician’s Global Assessment of palmoplantar psoriasis. n = 205 (OC baseline), n = 82 (OC week 52), n = 140 (LOCF); p < 0.001 versus baseline, using OC and LOCF, McNemar’s test. d Physician’s Global Assessment of palmoplantar psoriasis—distribution of degrees of severity of palmoplantar psoriasis. Patients presenting with palmoplantar disease at baseline (PP-PGA > 0 at baseline), n = 205 (OC baseline), n = 82 (OC week 52) in red on the left, n = 140 (LOCF) in blue on the right, p < 0.001 for clear or almost clear versus baseline, McNemar’s test. LOCF, last observation carried forward; PP-PGA, palmoplantar Physician Global Assessment	PMC8995418	13555_2022_714_Fig3a_HTML.jpg
0.435725	44deaa49f13d4987a7cd3cec3021b2b2	Physician’s Global Assessment of scalp psoriasis scalp-PGA 0/1 (clear or almost clear). n = 675 (OC baseline), n = 253 (OC week 52), n = 452 (LOCF); p < 0.001 versus baseline, using OC and LOCF, McNemar’s test. LOCF, last observation carried forward; OC, observed cases; PGA, Physician Global Assessment	PMC8995418	13555_2022_714_Fig4_HTML.jpg
0.42434	f813c3ad463344458267f9b90403ebe1	Ascorbate content of glioblastoma tumours. Human glioblastoma samples collected between 2000 and 2019, and processed in 2021, showed no significant change in ascorbate content (A). Ascorbate was measured by HPLC-ECD and standardised to tissue weight (B). Ascorbate content differed by tumour location within the brain (C). n = 37 samples; mean ± SEM; *p < 0.05.	PMC8995498	fonc-12-829524-g001.jpg
0.516908	995ff140a94e49288276b36c919c5e47	The hypoxic pathway in glioblastoma tumours. Levels of 7 HIF-pathway members were estimated by Western blotting (A), with densitometry measures (B), or measured by ELISA (C). A HIF-pathway score was derived for each patient by combining the relative scores of 7 hypoxia-responsive proteins (D); IDH1 mutant samples are shown as solid square symbols. n = 37 samples; T, tumour, +, positive control (MDA-MB-231 cell line exposed to 1% O2 for 16 h), mw, molecular weight marker; mean ± SEM.	PMC8995498	fonc-12-829524-g002.jpg
0.43126	53e7f8514e6544dbb17f2f89460570ff	The hypoxic pathway according to ascorbate content. The cohort was divided into tumours with below or above median ascorbate (7.6 μg/100 mg tissue), showing members of the HIF-pathway (A) estimated by Western blotting or (B) ELISA. Protein levels were not normally distributed (Shapiro-Wilk test), hence Mann Whitney test was used to calculate significance. Levels of all 7 proteins were divided in to low, medium or high expression to derive a relative HIF-pathway score for each tumour. Tumours with above median ascorbate had significantly lower HIF-pathway score (C). The relative HIF-pathway scores were normally distributed (Shapiro-Wilk test), hence unpaired t test was used to calculate significance. n=37 samples; mean ± SEM; p < 0.05, *p < 0.01.	PMC8995498	fonc-12-829524-g003.jpg
0.496458	9be543d45a7244969e0d2372f82678f1	Survival probability of patients with glioblastoma. The cohort was divided into patients with tumours with below or above median ascorbate (7.6 μg/100 mg tissue) (A), or with tumours with below or above median HIF-pathway score (B), presented as Kaplan-Meier curves, and analysed using Gehan-Breslow-Wilcoxon test. n = 37 patients; p < 0.05, *p < 0.01.	PMC8995498	fonc-12-829524-g004.jpg
0.549035	954e1b84509e4173b3558c8ab26434ee	Structural formulas of Remdesivir (A), GS441524 (B) and GS-441524-triphosphate (C).	PMC8996499	gr1_lrg.jpg
0.530744	d657f07688c244b08f465d020816888f	Concentration of Remdesivir and GS-441524 (Group 1: intravenous treatment) (The error bars represent SD, n = 3).	PMC8996499	gr2_lrg.jpg
0.468238	15c014cdb05c401da1966f86296815bb	Concentration of remdesivir and GS-441524 (Group 2: buccal treatment) (The error bars represent SD, n = 3).	PMC8996499	gr3_lrg.jpg
0.413685	abaca819bf61478792317a45a46cda72	Radiological findings in a 79-year-old patient diagnosed at our institution with a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) and symptoms of abdominal pain. CT scan shows the presence of gas in the gastric wall at the greater curvature and in left intrahepatic portal system (black arrows). (Courtesy of Prof. Angelo Vanzulli, Radiology Department, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy).	PMC8996919	cancers-14-01666-g001.jpg
0.419838	14c89247906d4362b81602d3466d13d1	PRISMA Flow.	PMC8996919	cancers-14-01666-g002.jpg
0.404687	62d07c0cd2544f38bcfd5dc3ce7dc3fd	Anticancer therapies most commonly reported in published cases of cancer patients with PI (Panel (A), only reported if occurrence was found in at least 3 patients) and number of cases grouped according to pharmacological class (Panel (B)) 5FU, fluorouracil; mAb monoclonal antibodies.	PMC8996919	cancers-14-01666-g003.jpg
0.501172	5db9dbab70194c3492df4aa977566c40	Time (in weeks) from treatment start to PI onset.	PMC8996919	cancers-14-01666-g004.jpg
0.419684	9ec37d2eec704a329e6c295037a4921c	Overview of pneumatosis intestinalis management.	PMC8996919	cancers-14-01666-g005.jpg
0.489492	aa77fb19b0684d5a91de3402420e8506	Colorectal cancer (CRC) stages and development. There are four stages in the development of CRC carcinogenesis: initiation, promotion, progression, and metastasis. The liver is the most common metastatic site, followed by the lung and bone. Although it is difficult to determine the duration required for each stage, decades will likely be required to form CRC. The figure was created using BioRender.com (accessed on 30 December 2021).	PMC8996939	cancers-14-01732-g001.jpg
0.454305	e8789ba327c04c06b046532072f0f28e	CRC new cases and deaths in 2020. (a) shows new cases, both sexes and all ages, and (b) shows deaths of both sexes for all age groups. The value shown in % is calculated against the total number of all cancers. The data source is GLOBOCAN [25], taken with permission.	PMC8996939	cancers-14-01732-g002.jpg
0.466713	9b96cf3237344a97b15e52ca09839fc1	Map showing the global distribution of estimated age-standardized incidence rates (top) and mortality rate (bottom) of CRC in 2020 for both sexes and all ages. (Reproduced from GLOBOCAN [25] with permission).	PMC8996939	cancers-14-01732-g003.jpg
0.433327	d57c87229cb74af8b742a4dc91771837	World CRC incidence and mortality rates in 2020 (according to income level for all age groups). The data were extracted from GLOBOCAN [25] with permission.	PMC8996939	cancers-14-01732-g004.jpg
0.437136	8e5c9d1861db4884ae790cd796531dd2	World new cases and deaths of colon cancer, rectum cancer, and anus cancer in 2020. (a) New cases and (b) deaths of colon cancer, rectum cancer, and anus cancer. The value is shown in % on top of each column and is calculated against the CRC number in 2020 for both sexes and all ages. Data extracted from GLOBOCAN [25] with permission.	PMC8996939	cancers-14-01732-g005.jpg
0.411458	98dd1fc9e7a14c95a93c5a4831199d5f	Theoretical framework.	PMC8997332	fpsyg-13-866362-g001.jpg
0.451175	0139d56ff0d5417ab361f9cfcd30cd63	Assessment of Structural Model.	PMC8997332	fpsyg-13-866362-g002.jpg
0.448861	f2b4210c285e49bf813d58c28cfdfb52	The periodontal homeostasis, CP pathophysiology, and roles of the concerned cytokines. Local challenge and a slight host immune response are balanced in health. The commensal bacteria and mechanical spur from mastication contribute to the development of local mucosal immunity. An adequate infiltrating neutrophil in the gingival sulcus, as well as several resident immune cells in the gingival tissue, such as T helper (TH) 17 cells and innate lymphoid cells, are adequate in this condition. Nonetheless, if the immunological pathogenicity of this microbiota is increased by the colonization of keystone pathogens, tissue damage occurs due to hyperactivity of the host immune response. The interface between the microbiota and host cells results in the primary wave of cytokine emission (1) that primarily contributes to the intensification of the pro-inflammatory cytokine cascade as well as the recruitment, activation, and differentiation of certain immune cells. Furthermore, mononuclear phagocytes and antigen presenting cells release a group of cytokines (2) that are strongly associated to the differentiation of a particular subset of lymphocytes after being stimulated by the microbiome. All these cell subsets secrete a unique cytokine pattern, operating as a positive-feedback factor or direct effector (3) and finally cause tissue death. The figure was adapted from Pan et al. (2019) [59].	PMC8997495	cells-11-01168-g001.jpg
0.415147	0b999fbfdb4f4f5c8c5bd4006f2f3159	A synopsis of how the previously described T and B cells can contribute to periodontal health and disease. Treg and cytotoxic T cells (CD8+ T cells) in periodontal health contribute to periodontal homeostasis by producing IL-10 and transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß). To improve periodontal homeostasis, γδT cells generate amphiregulin and IL-17. B cells generate antibodies against periodontal bacteria, slowing the progression of periodontal inflammation. Activated TH1, TH2, and TH17 cells in periodontal disease release pro-inflammatory cytokines that lead to tissue destruction. T and B cells both generate receptor activator of nuclear factor κ B-Ligand (RANKL), activating osteoclasts and causing alveolar bone resorption. T-follicular helper (Tfh) cell clonal stimulation of B cells can result in the generation of autoantibodies against collagen, fibronectin, and laminin, which can contribute to local tissue damage. Periodontitis is most likely influenced by a lack of Treg cells or their dysfunction. Other cells’ production of IL-17 can also contribute to tissue injury via osteoclast activation. The figure was adapted from Figueredo et al. (2019) [65].	PMC8997495	cells-11-01168-g002.jpg
0.4037	3e00ddfd92664a118090291c91af3abb	Diagrammatic demonstration of the periodontium encompassing the intact periodontal structures. The figure was adapted from Cho et al. (2021) [99].	PMC8997495	cells-11-01168-g003.jpg
0.447318	925281121d604d6a98cf8a69448727d1	DSCs, similar to members of the MSCs family, have the capacity to differentiate into several lineages. Experiments have shown that given the right conditions, DSCs may develop into bony tissues such as osteoblasts, adipose tissues such as adipocytes and chondrocytes, and nerve and neuronal tissues. The figure was adapted from Wang et al. (2019) [181].	PMC8997495	cells-11-01168-g004.jpg
0.469645	9f4d6101e03149c78db8692df3d3f78d	DSCs, which include DPSCs, PDLSCs, DFSCs, SHEDs, and SCAPs, are classified into numerous groups depending on their origin. The dental pulp is used to isolate DPSCs. PDLSCs are a type of cell found in the PDL. SHEDs are formed when deciduous teeth are exfoliated. DFSCs are obtained from the dental follicle of a tooth that has not yet erupted. The apical papilla is used to isolate SCAPs. The figure was adapted from Wang et al. (2019) [181].	PMC8997495	cells-11-01168-g005.jpg
0.429811	66b7a0cdced84972ab5fe00e5322752d	Diagrammatic representation of human umbilical cord. The figure was adapted from Szepesi et al. (2016) [206].	PMC8997495	cells-11-01168-g006.jpg
0.459057	982ceee089ce4a22ba0ac85e165551cd	Schematic diagram of the measurement of the partition constants of the five UV stabilizers. (a) Loading selected UV stabilizers from MeOH solution to donor PDMS; (b) partition constants between PDMS and water (KPDMSw) using the aqueous boundary layer-permeation method [24]; (c) determination of n-octanol-PDMS and fish oil-PDMS partition constants (Kn-octanol-PDMS and Kfishoil-PDMS).	PMC8998028	ijerph-19-03989-g001.jpg
0.516986	a1d49b95685c486b9d487692cf723f28	Mass transfer kinetics of (a) UV326, (b) UV327, (c) UV328, (d) UV329, and (e) UV531 for the determination of KPDMSw using the aqueous boundary layer (ABL) permeation method. The solid lines denote regression calculated using Equation (2).	PMC8998028	ijerph-19-03989-g002.jpg
0.470817	86ff9461e0e34f6d9e64ec5703d91077	Regression between n-octanol and PDMS of (a) UV326, (b) UV327, (c) UV328, (d) UV329, and (e) UV531. The solid lines denote linear regression lines.	PMC8998028	ijerph-19-03989-g003.jpg
0.474058	d2db5e06ee0f45d1974c29a0ee978062	Regression between fish oil and PDMS of (a) UV326, (b) UV327, (c) dUV328, (d) UV329, and (e) UV531. The solid lines denote linear regression lines.	PMC8998028	ijerph-19-03989-g004.jpg
0.405353	baaf845262ff4b89990f7cca4a7cd205	PRISMA screening process for selection of articles for review.	PMC8998415	ijerph-19-04240-g001.jpg
0.381888	0ab814a8bcb543ee9fcb9f913d9b62a7	Timeline of cases with COVID-19 (South Korea and Seoul) and schedules of anatomical education in SNUCM.Abbreviation: COVID-19 = coronavirus disease 2019, SNUCM = Seoul National University College of Medicine.	PMC9000102	pone.0266426.g001.jpg
0.447847	54b5441b01624c809d50e19ed2510ab0	Comparison of written and practical examination scores between 2019 and 2020 at SNUCM.The 2020 schedule of anatomy education was modified because of COVID-19. (a) Students’ performance was assessed using three sets of written examination on three regional units: the upper and lower limbs, trunk, and head and neck. (b) Students’ performance was assessed using three sets of practical examination on three regional units: the upper and lower limbs, trunk, and head and neck. The statistical significance is expressed with the following symbols: * p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.001, ***p < 0.0001 to indicate statistical differences. Abbreviation: COVID-19 = coronavirus disease 2019, SNUCM = Seoul National University College of Medicine.	PMC9000102	pone.0266426.g002.jpg

0.392386

5e16af056ce848c98c6ef802f99bc7f1

Supplementary Fig. 8. Full gels for Figs. 2C, D and 5A. Note that nitrocellulose for Fig. 5A was split for concomitant western blotting of proteins at different weights.

PMC8986152

mmc8.jpg

0.512492

80e041cf4c3b4a88b036db582839d2eb

Supplementary Fig. 9. Full gel for Fig. 6A. Note that nitrocellulose was split for concomitant western blotting of proteins at different weights.

PMC8986152

mmc9.jpg

0.466629

a2d0932144c1461b938a51396a6702ce

Pie chart representation of (a) blue fountain pen ink samples Bl1, Bl2, and Bl3, (b) black fountain pen ink samples Bk1, Bk2, Bk3, and Bk4, and (c) green fountain pen ink samples Gr1, Gr2, Gr3, and Gr4.

PMC8986443

IJAC2022-7186625.001.jpg

0.476839

e15957443df6430e81fc4930e5796bec

Total ion chromatogram (TIC) obtained from GC-MS analysis of blue fountain pen ink samples Bl1, Bl2, and Bl3.

PMC8986443

IJAC2022-7186625.002.jpg

0.457695

d478f526508749a9862d4eb2a052b581

Total ion chromatogram (TIC) obtained from GC-MS analysis of black fountain pen ink samples Bk1, Bk2, Bk3, and Bk4.

PMC8986443

IJAC2022-7186625.003.jpg

0.483904

0dee32e343dc48f0baf029e40b9b6376

Total ion chromatogram (TIC) obtained from GC-MS analysis of green fountain pen ink samples Gr1, Gr2, Gr3, and Gr4.

PMC8986443

IJAC2022-7186625.004.jpg

0.416183

13010cc777b2459880f217f1f3f06b3b

Bleeding and thromboembolic events during 1-year follow-up in 48 patients with COVID-19 who presented with a venous thromboembolic event that was diagnosed during hospitalization for COVID-19. The timeline indicates the date of clinical event occurrence after discharge. HIT = heparin-induced thrombocytopenia; LMWH = low molecular weight heparin; M = month; PE = pulmonary embolism; UFH = unfractionated heparin.

PMC8986540

gr1_lrg.jpg

0.459528

a3562893c0e8401788948bf008aa62a2

Sagittal plane visualization of simulated paths of the (A) lateral and (B) medial rectus muscle orbital and global layers in supraduction, central gaze, and infraduction. Muscle paths are inflected at the pulleys, but exhibit small transverse displacement within physiological range measured empirically by MRI.

PMC8987043

41598_2022_9220_Fig1_HTML.jpg

0.441612

d5050fdae9ba487aaf2058302d1e519f

Innervations of lateral and medial rectus muscles at different horizontal eye positions during simulated fixation. Innervation is a unitless scalar between 0 and 1.

PMC8987043

41598_2022_9220_Fig2_HTML.jpg

0.493103

64848e95a96542dd8cb507e6cfaa9e9f

(A) Diagram showing EOM layers and suspensions. Simulated tensions of (B) lateral and (C) medial rectus muscles and their associated pulley suspensions at different horizontal eye positions.

PMC8987043

41598_2022_9220_Fig3_HTML.jpg

0.430809

4accd2e1e2774ff79788f058b2c8fce4

Simulation of a 30° saccade from central gaze to abduction: (A) eye position, (B) velocity, (C) innervation of lateral and medial rectus muscle, and (D) muscle tension.

PMC8987043

41598_2022_9220_Fig4_HTML.jpg

0.42715

f94ea3719e2b4656814b157a430c5cfc

A lateral view of the new pulley model. The global layer and orbital layer of the lateral extraocular muscle are modeled as two separate muscle strands, as also implemented for the two layers of the medial rectus muscle that is not seen in this view. A pulley tube system was developed to model active pulley mechanics. LR: lateral rectus muscle.

PMC8987043

41598_2022_9220_Fig5_HTML.jpg

0.388349

16b3cd783a94411ea13bbdf4e7ea8d7e

Experimental design used within the presented study. (A) Ability of surviving Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP) treated biofilm-associated cells to continue multiplying and/or forming Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS). (B) Susceptibility of biofilm-associated cells toward consecutive CAP treatments.

PMC8988229

fmicb-13-831434-g001.jpg

0.419504

e5ef0dddf8834149ac8e139a784e1dab

Viable cell density [log (CFU/cm2)] of the untreated, CAP treated, and CAP treated + incubated model biofilms determined on non-selective and selective medium (n = 3). Moreover, the corresponding sub-lethal injury values (average ± stdev) have been presented at the top of the bars. (A) Listeria monocytogenes model biofilms and (B) Salmonella Typhimurium model biofilms.

PMC8988229

fmicb-13-831434-g002.jpg

0.482545

227889b1867448ebaffd6b005e7af138

Optical density (OD; -) following crystal violet staining of the untreated, CAP treated, and CAP treated + incubated model biofilms (n = 5). (A) Listeria monocytogenes model biofilms and (B) Salmonella Typhimurium model biofilms.

PMC8988229

fmicb-13-831434-g003.jpg

0.413062

b252caca7c0444308738d00ca1bffe5b

(A) Cell density [log10 (CFU/cm2)] and (B) percentage (%) of sub-lethally injured (SI) cells, both as function of the CAP treatment time for the Listeria monocytogenes model biofilms (n = 2). Five consecutive CAP treatment cycles were performed as: isolates from cycle × survivors were used to re-develop mature biofilms, which were again CAP treated (up to 30 min) in cycle x + 1. For the cell density, both the experimental data (symbols) and the global fit (line) of the Geeraerd et al. (2000) model are represented for each CAP treatment cycle: total viable population on non-selective medium (o, solid line) and uninjured viable population on selective medium (x, dashed line). For both the cell density and the percentage of SI, different CAP treatment cycles are indicated in different colors, i.e., black, red, blue, green, and light blue are used to illustrate the results obtained for the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th CAP treatment cycle, respectively.

PMC8988229

fmicb-13-831434-g004.jpg

0.42843

82f40b724e62498ab167ef403cdd06d0

(A) Cell density [log10 (CFU/cm2)] and (B) percentage (%) of SI cells, both as function of the CAP treatment time for the Salmonella Typhimurium model biofilms (n = 2). Five consecutive CAP treatment cycles were performed as: isolates from cycle × survivors were used to re-develop mature biofilms, which were again CAP treated (up to 30 min) in cycle x + 1. For the cell density, both the experimental data (symbols) and the global fit (line) of the Geeraerd et al. (2000) model are represented for each CAP treatment cycle: total viable population on non-selective medium (o, solid line) and uninjured viable population on selective medium (x, dashed line). For both the cell density and the percentage of SI, different CAP treatment cycles are indicated in different colors, i.e., black, red, blue, green, and light blue are used to illustrate the results obtained for the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th CAP treatment cycle, respectively.

PMC8988229

fmicb-13-831434-g005.jpg

0.475394

c2f90be1ef5b4252a0489e7f43cda7e1

Details of SARS CoV-2 Spike, NTL-125, ASAL and 3DZW proteins. (A) Schematic diagram of the spike protein showing different domains. (B) Sequence of spike RBD domain and RBM in red, with secondary structural elements. (C) Representation of lectin purification analysed in 15% SDS-PAGE, Lane M: Molecular weight marker, Lanes 1,2: semipurified proteins, Lanes 3: Purified ASAL, lanes, 4-5 NTL-125 monomer resolving at ∼15kDa. (D) Identified sequence of NTL-125 from Narcissus tazetta bulb. (E) Multiple sequence alignment of ASAL, NTL-125 and 3DZW.

PMC8988448

gr1_lrg.jpg

0.419693

518b96c8131a4da1b102eb309707b12a

Assessment of SARS CoV-2 inhibition in Vero-E6/TMPRSS2 cells by the lectins. Percentage of replication inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 by NTL-125 (A) and ASAL (B) lectins each at 0.5,1,5,10 and 20 µg concentrations indicated on X-axis. Each lectin assay was performed in two biological repeats with two technical repeats. The inhibition percentage calculation was based on increase in ct values. Niclosamide showed very high inhibition.

PMC8988448

gr2_lrg.jpg

0.464148

f8f9defc44734affa4a9607a2ccf0d9f

Assessment of pseudotype virus inhibition in Vero-E6/TMPRSS2 cells by the lectins. ASAL and NTL-125 were tested in three biological repeats. Each assay was done using two technical repeats. (A) Percent reduction in infectivity by ASAL and NTL-125 at 10 μg/mL.Using the luminescence virus entry was measured at 2 × 105 RLU (Relative Luminescence Unit) of virus suspension. (B) Percent reduction in infectivity by ASAL and NTL-125 following serial dilution, measured by the luminescence at 2 × 105 RLU of virus suspension.

PMC8988448

gr3_lrg.jpg

0.465617

89525ab0e6e84b039ace465eeff7c5f4

Multimeric structures of 3DZW-V36L, ASAL, NTL-125 and comparison of C-terminal and N-terminal domains of 3DZW-V36L, and NTL-125. (A) Homotetrameric structure of 3DZW-V36L, each chain is coded by different colours. (B) Homodimeric structure of ASAL, each chain is coded by different colours. (C) Homotetrameric structure of NTL-125, each chain is coded by different colours. (D) homology models of NTL-125 were built using three different servers, Robetta (RED), SwissModel (GREEN) and Phyre2 (BLUE). Full chain model (residue 1 to 139) was built by robetta, residues 1 to 109 were used for SwissModel and Phyre2. These three structures were superimposed and RMSD of the C-α backbone was calculated.

PMC8988448

gr4_lrg.jpg

0.458532

f2699c8c8cb94fedb5b82232be9d97d0

Docked representations of SARS-CoV-2 Spike-NTL-125 complexes and SARS-CoV-2 Spike-hACE2 complexes. The proteins are in ribbon model; the glycans are in stick model; and the glycan molecule interacting with both NTL-125 and spike is in CPK model. (A) NTL-125 bound with Spike protein. (B) NTL-125 bound with the Spike protein (Red colour open RBD chain). ((C, D) Zoomed view of NTL-125 and S1 region of the spike protein in 180°rotational view. (E) ACE2 bound with Spike protein. (F) ACE2 bound with the Spike protein (Red colour open RBD chain). (G, H) Zoomed view of ACE2 and S1 region of the spike protein in 180° rotational view.

PMC8988448

gr5_lrg.jpg

0.373738

d744ec7f108040a1b4dbfe35effa3bb9

Zoomed views of the binding clefts of the spike-ACE2 and spike-NTL-125 complexes. The residues of spike are displayed as ball and stick model, and the residues of ACE2 and NTL-125 are displayed as stick model. (A) ACE2 interacting with spike protein. (B) T chain of the tetrameric NTL-125 is interacting with spike. (C) V chain of the tetrameric NTL-125 is interacting with spike. (D) W chain of the tetrameric NTL-125 is interacting with spike. (E). Involvement of glycan in SARS-CoV-2 spike-NTL-125 complex formation. The proteins are in ribbon model, the glycan is in ball and stick model.

PMC8988448

gr6_lrg.jpg

0.441863

7987a2357d344b54be96c5c17f4772b7

Docking representations of wild type and C-terminal del mutant of NTL-125 with spike protein. (A) Full length NTL-125 bound with Spike protein (B) C-terminal del mutant bound with Spike protein.

PMC8988448

gr7_lrg.jpg

0.492167

27bb39d4a705469094a098bfffd9991f

Flow chart of the recruitment and selection of participants.

PMC8988889

fnut-09-812469-g0001.jpg

0.486132

af91031cb6e845fca31f7f590247f9d6

Comparison of the gut microbiome composition. PCoA of gut microbiome based on 266 genera abundance.

PMC8988889

fnut-09-812469-g0002.jpg

0.495914

0e41a06e935f47719b8aeaf47acd0d97

Comparison of the gut microbiome composition. (A) Relative abundance (%) of the two families specific to responders. (B) Relative abundance (%) of the eight genera specific to responders.

PMC8988889

fnut-09-812469-g0003.jpg

0.381388

a65a09457f7c420b8601ee128280a8c0

The random forest classification model generated based on 50 genera in the training data set. (A) The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and area under curve (AUC) of the microbiome for discrimination between responders and non-responders. (B) The top 20 explanatory variables that are important for the classification model.

PMC8988889

fnut-09-812469-g0004.jpg

0.422787

8588a6dfd3d14be8b37aacf85514c097

Susceptible, exposed, infected, and recovered flow.

PMC8988945

f15-01-9780128245361.jpg

0.422312

d51d1629883d4b6ab753dec8a991a067

Susceptible, exposed, infected, and recovered plot for α = 0.1995, β = 1.74987, γ = 0.4991 and ρ = 0.7.

PMC8988945

f15-02-9780128245361.jpg

0.415345

8f96192cb3144820820cc62a5180f971

Effectiveness of social distancing for various interaction factors.

PMC8988945

f15-03-9780128245361.jpg

0.503743

1ca782bc249547ef9ad3f2e38ad38ed1

Demonstration of double peak for early cessation.

PMC8988945

f15-04-9780128245361.jpg

0.513032

8ead819134564df7a87f6a261e08df44

Proposed system architecture.

PMC8988945

f15-05-9780128245361.jpg

0.51863

321d9aa1bca848ff9bbe26f218578f83

Backbone network and single shot detection heads.

PMC8988945

f15-06-9780128245361.jpg

0.469348

07fbd96ab7584a4a95ae39700a213597

Types of convolutions.

PMC8988945

f15-07-9780128245361.jpg

0.405602

b5ac64445afa42f68e74a1e07d480fc4

Application of Batch normalization and rectified linear unit.

PMC8988945

f15-08-9780128245361.jpg

0.494713

829ef8beedb142989fec4396ba57b290

You only look once V1 architecture.

PMC8988945

f15-09-9780128245361.jpg

0.457568

207e04fc74b741479a75f54b6f7891d9

Prediction vector normalization.

PMC8988945

f15-10-9780128245361.jpg

0.431313

f66210548dca43b28b5c0ec307e31322

Unique person tracking implementation.

PMC8988945

f15-11-9780128245361.jpg

0.497218

6d6739bc14114265a1b74c79646516d5

Face mask module implementation.

PMC8988945

f15-12-9780128245361.jpg

0.471957

da62b30c861846cfb047933aa76926e2

Integration of person identification with face mask detection.

PMC8988945

f15-13-9780128245361.jpg

0.494376

88eea9df2a7c41cf8b7ddd0617d003a8

Susceptibility score initialization at time t0.

PMC8988945

f15-14-9780128245361.jpg

0.486615

3220a724406c4899a98d23589a82469b

No face mask increment of susceptibility score at time t0.

PMC8988945

f15-15-9780128245361.jpg

0.45179

4f66a88ff0ed4578bfb751aa6cff2396

Social distance breach increment of susceptibility score at time t1.

PMC8988945

f15-16-9780128245361.jpg

0.444638

6bd789d4c58e4b36b0cdf0790b43a8e1

Social distance breach increment to susceptibility score at time t2.

PMC8988945

f15-17-9780128245361.jpg

0.439611

83a83632817a4089b2624368bfa84f94

Timestamp addition for new meet at time t3.

PMC8988945

f15-18-9780128245361.jpg

0.480085

512436d9669e40f286c8941b1b5032bf

Addition of two new candidates at time t4.

PMC8988945

f15-19-9780128245361.jpg

0.478459

a33fad8999844502b481f1c992e8dd86

Susceptibility score update based on face mask status at time t5.

PMC8988945

f15-20-9780128245361.jpg

0.470234

8b892631990e4e6e90ac2c1ed46b44b4

Contact tracing for infection detected at time t6.

PMC8988945

f15-21-9780128245361.jpg

0.432082

233dd5417f0349d8948b8cbb7222c01d

Motor learning set up and paradigm.(a) Position of participant during serial reaching task. (b) Illustration of arrangement of targets. The peripheral target (grey circle) would illuminate red indicating to the participant to reach to that target. After each reach to a peripheral target, the center target would turn red (empty circle) indicating to return to the center target. (c) Illustration of blocks of reaching movements in paradigm EB = explicit block, IB = implicit block, PRB = pseudo-random block.

PMC8989223

pone.0266508.g001.jpg

0.42766

4d380dd102a24d069b205d4e616a2dec

Explicit motor learning.Following practice, participants completed two blocks of outward and inward reaching to a known pattern of targets (EB1 and EB2). Bars represent the average time to complete the upper limb reaching task. Reaching outward movements are represented by solid bars, inward reaching movements by striped bars. After the two explicit motor learning blocks a pseudo-random catch block (PRB3) was introduced to assess explicit motor learning. The stability of explicit motor learning was later assessed at the end of the trial in EB16. Error bars represent standard deviations. Brackets indicate a significant within-group difference according to a Sign test, p < 0.05.

PMC8989223

pone.0266508.g002.jpg

0.518615

6d419258332348f0a44bf56ef6bcaa79

Implicit motor learning.The implicit sequence was introduced in IB5 and practiced continually through IB8. A pseudo-random catch block (PRB9) immediately followed IB8 to assess implicit motor learning. The stability of implicit motor learning was assessed in implicit block (IB11) following disruption from the pseudo-random catch block and following a 30-minute delay (IB13). Reaching outward movements are represented by solid bars, inward reaching movements by striped bars. Error bars represent standard deviations. Brackets indicate a significant within-group difference according to a Sign test, p < 0.05.

PMC8989223

pone.0266508.g003.jpg

0.426225

1bf78a70a28c411dbc2fbc8dc165c1cd

The cytotoxicity of normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) after ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure and astaxanthin treatment. (A) NHEKs were treated with various concentrations of astaxanthin (0, 10, 20, and 30 µM) for 24 hours. (B) NHEKs were pretreated for 24 hours with or without astaxanthin (20 µM) and subsequently exposed to UVB (0, 20, 40, and 60 mJ/cm2). Cell viability was determined by Cell Counting Kit-8. Significant difference compared to the untreated control group. Each bar represents the mean±standard deviation (n=5); *p<0.05, **p<0.01 (the experiments were repeated three times and produced similar results).

PMC8989909

ad-34-125-g001.jpg

0.483462

4b62ec5c839f4aa7b884c2d25b282aa8

The effects of astaxanthin on the ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced reactive oxygen species in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs). Cells were treated with or without astaxanthin (20 µM) for 24 hours and then irradiated with UVB (0, 20, 40, and 60 mJ/cm2). The data shown are representative of three independent experiments. Astaxanthin decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in UVB-irradiated NHEKs. Each bar represents the mean±standard deviation (n=5), *p<0.01 (the experiments were repeated three times and produced similar results).

PMC8989909

ad-34-125-g002.jpg

0.461295

b031eac8e4bc45418d68e5204d09770e

The effects of astaxanthin on ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced apoptosis. Cells were treated with or without astaxanthin (20 µM) for 24 hours and then irradiated with UVB (0, 40, and 60 mJ/cm2). Flow cytometry analysis was performed after 24 hours incubation at 37℃. The experiments were repeated three times and produced similar results.

PMC8989909

ad-34-125-g003.jpg

0.435745

93b22ee247c24aeabfecc4596a87ea35

The effects of astaxanthin on apoptosis after ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation. Cells were treated with or without astaxanthin (20 µM) for 24 hours and then irradiated with UVB (0, 40, and 60 mJ/cm2). Cell lysates were prepared, and protein levels were analyzed by western blotting analysis using BAX, BCL2, cleaved CASP3, cleaved PARP, and ACTB antibodies. Densitometry data standardized to ACTB are presented below the band. The expression of BAX and BCL2 was consistent and are expressed as a ratio. The data shown are representative of three independent experiments.

PMC8989909

ad-34-125-g004.jpg

0.448912

4cec4a3227f849ab8307330a4461a3a2

Social media use between plastic surgery-trained and orthopedic-trained hand surgeons.

PMC8991742

gr1.jpg

0.480216

cb17322d3f0f4909be0512d4d4397895

Personal website usage among hand surgeons in various geographic regions of the United States.

PMC8991742

gr2.jpg

0.417177

b0849aaca23e4d3c9c0a9a1234077ac9

A: Depicts a poorly vascularized tumor region showing gradients of oxygen, nutrients and waste; B: shows an overlay of a large tumorosphere of a patient which has transformed from NSCLC under Osimertinib treatment to SCLC. The corresponding gradients are shown for the tumorosphere. NSCLC: non-small-cell lung cancer; SCLC: small-cell lung cancer

PMC8992524

cdr-2-762.fig.1.jpg

0.460548

ad6ce84a24774886a763840dc5b487f8

Discharged status across study period.

PMC8993433

jocmr-14-111-g001.jpg

0.463643

bddf5d83ef584b2f97fd7782f185b16c

(a) Lean mass of Hippo gene-mutated (n = 6–8), and control (n = 499–1850) 16-week-old mice. (b) Average of total body weight of Lats1 knockout (n = 8) and its control (n = 3349) mice. (c) Relative muscle weights of Gastrocnemius (Gas), Tibialis Anterior (TA), Extensor Digitorum Longus (EDL), and Soleus (Sol) muscles normalized to total body weight of Lats1−/− mice versus wildtype control mice (n = 4). (d) NADH-Tetrazolium Reductase (NADH-TR) staining of tibialis anterior muscle cross-sections from control and Lats1−/− mice (high oxidative capacity is stained in dark blue, low oxidative capacity is stained in light blue; n = 4). (e) Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining of the soleus muscle cross-sections from control and Lats1−/− mice (n = 4). Scale Bar = 50 μm. All values are presened as mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05. KO: Knock Out; WT: Wild Type; g: gram; mg: milligram. See Figure S1 for further H&E and NADH staining

PMC8993742

11248_2021_293_Fig1_HTML.jpg

0.460775

15cd366d743041d69c38c19d92f79a34

Lats1 deletion increases slow type I MyHC. (a) Representative images of ATPase stained soleus muscles cross-sections from 16-week-old control and Lats1−/− mice (n = 4) to determine fiber types (Type I fibers stain dark, type II and IIa fibers stain light). (b) Type I and (c) IIa fibre percentages in soleus muscles (n = 3–6). (d) Protein levels of total MyHC-I in the soleus muscle from control and Lats1−/− mice (n = 4). (e) Expression levels of Myh mRNA (encoding MyHC-I protein) in the soleus muscles from control and Lats1−/− mice were measured by qPCR (n = 4). Protein is normalized to the largest band in the Ponceau stain. Rpl7 was used as a reference gene to normalize mRNA. Circles indicate individual data points. A.U, arbitrary units; KD, Kilo Dalton. Scale Bar = 200 μm (whole muscle); 50 μm (higher resolution). All values present mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05. See Fig. S2 for further ATPase staining figures

PMC8993742

11248_2021_293_Fig2_HTML.jpg

0.423731

421b5d4746824495ab5d8ac5c4db57a9

Effect of exercise-associated stimuli on the expression level of the Lats1 gene in vitro. C2C12 myotubes were incubated with (a) Clenbuterol (100 μM), or (b) AICAR (1 mM) for 24 h and analyzed for Lats1 gene expression by qRT-PCR. Rpl7 was used as a reference gene to normalize mRNA. The circles indicate individual data points. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. **P < 0.001

PMC8993742

11248_2021_293_Fig3_HTML.jpg

0.445315

fd322baee7b748ebb78d56bfca4f17a8

Lats1 gene expression in response to physiological and pathological factors in skeletal muscle. (a) LATS1 expression in quadriceps muscle biopsy samples of healthy and DMD patients (Haslett et al., 2003). (b) Relative mRNA expression of Lats1 in synergist ablation-overloaded mouse plantaris muscle (Chaillou et al 2013). (c) Lats1 gene expression in mice tibialis anterior muscle injured with cardiotoxin injection at day 0 up to day 21 (Lukjanenko et al. 2013). (d) Effect of human endurance and resistance (strength) exercise on the expression of LATS1 in the vastus lateralis 2.5 h and 5 h after exercise (Vissing and Schjerling, 2014). The circles indicate individual data points. (e–f) Meta-analysis of Lats1 expression in response to (e) acute aerobic and (f) acute resistance exercise (http://www.metamex.eu/) (Pillon et al., 2020). Muscle Biopsies were collected at 0 h up to 96 h after exercise. The fold-change (log2) is represented by a square and the 95% confidence intervals are represented by horizontal lines. LogFC, Fold-change (log2); FDR, false discovery rate; n, sample size; A.U, arbitrary units. *P < 0.05

PMC8993742

11248_2021_293_Fig4_HTML.jpg

0.437259

1a37befbbece45119c4ebae6306dae47

Maintenance dose of DMF at week 52. Distribution of daily DMF dose at week 52 (observed cases, OC, n = 241); dose per tablet: 30 mg and 120 mg. Treatment with DMF is initiated at 30 mg once daily and escalated further up to a maximum dose of 720 mg per day, taking into account individual tolerability and treatment response

PMC8995418

13555_2022_714_Fig1_HTML.jpg

0.443309

a433a69df6b04d6294e836137f88f50d

a Absolute PASI from baseline to week 52. p < 0.001 versus baseline, using OC and LOCF, Wilcoxon signed-rank test. b Proportion of patients with PASI < 3 and PASI < 5. n = 663 (OC baseline), n = 245 (OC week 52), n = 465 (LOCF); p < 0.001 versus baseline for PASI < 3 and PASI < 5, using OC and LOCF, McNemar’s test. LOCF, last observation carried forward; OC, observed cases; PASI, Psoriasis Area and Severity Index

PMC8995418

13555_2022_714_Fig2_HTML.jpg

0.42255

dfd45307bd9b4f719f035c0e5134b455

a Physician’s Global Assessment of nail psoriasis. Patients presenting with nail disease at baseline (nail PGA > 0 at visit 1) n = 247 (OC baseline), n = 95 (OC week 52), n = 178 (LOCF); p < 0.001 versus baseline, using OC and LOCF, McNemar’s test. b Physician’s Global Assessment of nail psoriasis—distribution of nail severity grades. Patients presenting with nail disease at baseline (nail PGA > 0 at visit 1), n = 247 (OC baseline), n = 95 (OC week 52) in red on the left, n = 178 (LOCF) in blue on the right, p < 0.001 for clear or mild nail disease versus baseline, McNemar’s test. c Physician’s Global Assessment of palmoplantar psoriasis. n = 205 (OC baseline), n = 82 (OC week 52), n = 140 (LOCF); p < 0.001 versus baseline, using OC and LOCF, McNemar’s test. d Physician’s Global Assessment of palmoplantar psoriasis—distribution of degrees of severity of palmoplantar psoriasis. Patients presenting with palmoplantar disease at baseline (PP-PGA > 0 at baseline), n = 205 (OC baseline), n = 82 (OC week 52) in red on the left, n = 140 (LOCF) in blue on the right, p < 0.001 for clear or almost clear versus baseline, McNemar’s test. LOCF, last observation carried forward; PP-PGA, palmoplantar Physician Global Assessment

PMC8995418

13555_2022_714_Fig3a_HTML.jpg

0.435725

44deaa49f13d4987a7cd3cec3021b2b2

Physician’s Global Assessment of scalp psoriasis scalp-PGA 0/1 (clear or almost clear). n = 675 (OC baseline), n = 253 (OC week 52), n = 452 (LOCF); p < 0.001 versus baseline, using OC and LOCF, McNemar’s test. LOCF, last observation carried forward; OC, observed cases; PGA, Physician Global Assessment

PMC8995418

13555_2022_714_Fig4_HTML.jpg

0.42434

f813c3ad463344458267f9b90403ebe1

Ascorbate content of glioblastoma tumours. Human glioblastoma samples collected between 2000 and 2019, and processed in 2021, showed no significant change in ascorbate content (A). Ascorbate was measured by HPLC-ECD and standardised to tissue weight (B). Ascorbate content differed by tumour location within the brain (C). n = 37 samples; mean ± SEM; *p < 0.05.

PMC8995498

fonc-12-829524-g001.jpg

0.516908

995ff140a94e49288276b36c919c5e47

The hypoxic pathway in glioblastoma tumours. Levels of 7 HIF-pathway members were estimated by Western blotting (A), with densitometry measures (B), or measured by ELISA (C). A HIF-pathway score was derived for each patient by combining the relative scores of 7 hypoxia-responsive proteins (D); IDH1 mutant samples are shown as solid square symbols. n = 37 samples; T, tumour, +, positive control (MDA-MB-231 cell line exposed to 1% O2 for 16 h), mw, molecular weight marker; mean ± SEM.

PMC8995498

fonc-12-829524-g002.jpg

0.43126

53e7f8514e6544dbb17f2f89460570ff

The hypoxic pathway according to ascorbate content. The cohort was divided into tumours with below or above median ascorbate (7.6 μg/100 mg tissue), showing members of the HIF-pathway (A) estimated by Western blotting or (B) ELISA. Protein levels were not normally distributed (Shapiro-Wilk test), hence Mann Whitney test was used to calculate significance. Levels of all 7 proteins were divided in to low, medium or high expression to derive a relative HIF-pathway score for each tumour. Tumours with above median ascorbate had significantly lower HIF-pathway score (C). The relative HIF-pathway scores were normally distributed (Shapiro-Wilk test), hence unpaired t test was used to calculate significance. n=37 samples; mean ± SEM; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.

PMC8995498

fonc-12-829524-g003.jpg

0.496458

9be543d45a7244969e0d2372f82678f1

Survival probability of patients with glioblastoma. The cohort was divided into patients with tumours with below or above median ascorbate (7.6 μg/100 mg tissue) (A), or with tumours with below or above median HIF-pathway score (B), presented as Kaplan-Meier curves, and analysed using Gehan-Breslow-Wilcoxon test. n = 37 patients; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.

PMC8995498

fonc-12-829524-g004.jpg

0.549035

954e1b84509e4173b3558c8ab26434ee

Structural formulas of Remdesivir (A), GS441524 (B) and GS-441524-triphosphate (C).

PMC8996499

gr1_lrg.jpg

0.530744

d657f07688c244b08f465d020816888f

Concentration of Remdesivir and GS-441524 (Group 1: intravenous treatment) (The error bars represent SD, n = 3).

PMC8996499

gr2_lrg.jpg

0.468238

15c014cdb05c401da1966f86296815bb

Concentration of remdesivir and GS-441524 (Group 2: buccal treatment) (The error bars represent SD, n = 3).

PMC8996499

gr3_lrg.jpg

0.413685

abaca819bf61478792317a45a46cda72

Radiological findings in a 79-year-old patient diagnosed at our institution with a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) and symptoms of abdominal pain. CT scan shows the presence of gas in the gastric wall at the greater curvature and in left intrahepatic portal system (black arrows). (Courtesy of Prof. Angelo Vanzulli, Radiology Department, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy).

PMC8996919

cancers-14-01666-g001.jpg

0.419838

14c89247906d4362b81602d3466d13d1

PRISMA Flow.

PMC8996919

cancers-14-01666-g002.jpg

0.404687

62d07c0cd2544f38bcfd5dc3ce7dc3fd

Anticancer therapies most commonly reported in published cases of cancer patients with PI (Panel (A), only reported if occurrence was found in at least 3 patients) and number of cases grouped according to pharmacological class (Panel (B)) 5FU, fluorouracil; mAb monoclonal antibodies.

PMC8996919

cancers-14-01666-g003.jpg

0.501172

5db9dbab70194c3492df4aa977566c40

Time (in weeks) from treatment start to PI onset.

PMC8996919

cancers-14-01666-g004.jpg

0.419684

9ec37d2eec704a329e6c295037a4921c

Overview of pneumatosis intestinalis management.

PMC8996919

cancers-14-01666-g005.jpg

0.489492

aa77fb19b0684d5a91de3402420e8506

Colorectal cancer (CRC) stages and development. There are four stages in the development of CRC carcinogenesis: initiation, promotion, progression, and metastasis. The liver is the most common metastatic site, followed by the lung and bone. Although it is difficult to determine the duration required for each stage, decades will likely be required to form CRC. The figure was created using BioRender.com (accessed on 30 December 2021).

PMC8996939

cancers-14-01732-g001.jpg

0.454305

e8789ba327c04c06b046532072f0f28e

CRC new cases and deaths in 2020. (a) shows new cases, both sexes and all ages, and (b) shows deaths of both sexes for all age groups. The value shown in % is calculated against the total number of all cancers. The data source is GLOBOCAN [25], taken with permission.

PMC8996939

cancers-14-01732-g002.jpg

0.466713

9b96cf3237344a97b15e52ca09839fc1

Map showing the global distribution of estimated age-standardized incidence rates (top) and mortality rate (bottom) of CRC in 2020 for both sexes and all ages. (Reproduced from GLOBOCAN [25] with permission).

PMC8996939

cancers-14-01732-g003.jpg

0.433327

d57c87229cb74af8b742a4dc91771837

World CRC incidence and mortality rates in 2020 (according to income level for all age groups). The data were extracted from GLOBOCAN [25] with permission.

PMC8996939

cancers-14-01732-g004.jpg

0.437136

8e5c9d1861db4884ae790cd796531dd2

World new cases and deaths of colon cancer, rectum cancer, and anus cancer in 2020. (a) New cases and (b) deaths of colon cancer, rectum cancer, and anus cancer. The value is shown in % on top of each column and is calculated against the CRC number in 2020 for both sexes and all ages. Data extracted from GLOBOCAN [25] with permission.

PMC8996939

cancers-14-01732-g005.jpg

0.411458

98dd1fc9e7a14c95a93c5a4831199d5f

Theoretical framework.

PMC8997332

fpsyg-13-866362-g001.jpg

0.451175

0139d56ff0d5417ab361f9cfcd30cd63

Assessment of Structural Model.

PMC8997332

fpsyg-13-866362-g002.jpg

0.448861

f2b4210c285e49bf813d58c28cfdfb52

The periodontal homeostasis, CP pathophysiology, and roles of the concerned cytokines. Local challenge and a slight host immune response are balanced in health. The commensal bacteria and mechanical spur from mastication contribute to the development of local mucosal immunity. An adequate infiltrating neutrophil in the gingival sulcus, as well as several resident immune cells in the gingival tissue, such as T helper (TH) 17 cells and innate lymphoid cells, are adequate in this condition. Nonetheless, if the immunological pathogenicity of this microbiota is increased by the colonization of keystone pathogens, tissue damage occurs due to hyperactivity of the host immune response. The interface between the microbiota and host cells results in the primary wave of cytokine emission (1) that primarily contributes to the intensification of the pro-inflammatory cytokine cascade as well as the recruitment, activation, and differentiation of certain immune cells. Furthermore, mononuclear phagocytes and antigen presenting cells release a group of cytokines (2) that are strongly associated to the differentiation of a particular subset of lymphocytes after being stimulated by the microbiome. All these cell subsets secrete a unique cytokine pattern, operating as a positive-feedback factor or direct effector (3) and finally cause tissue death. The figure was adapted from Pan et al. (2019) [59].

PMC8997495

cells-11-01168-g001.jpg

0.415147

0b999fbfdb4f4f5c8c5bd4006f2f3159

A synopsis of how the previously described T and B cells can contribute to periodontal health and disease. Treg and cytotoxic T cells (CD8+ T cells) in periodontal health contribute to periodontal homeostasis by producing IL-10 and transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß). To improve periodontal homeostasis, γδT cells generate amphiregulin and IL-17. B cells generate antibodies against periodontal bacteria, slowing the progression of periodontal inflammation. Activated TH1, TH2, and TH17 cells in periodontal disease release pro-inflammatory cytokines that lead to tissue destruction. T and B cells both generate receptor activator of nuclear factor κ B-Ligand (RANKL), activating osteoclasts and causing alveolar bone resorption. T-follicular helper (Tfh) cell clonal stimulation of B cells can result in the generation of autoantibodies against collagen, fibronectin, and laminin, which can contribute to local tissue damage. Periodontitis is most likely influenced by a lack of Treg cells or their dysfunction. Other cells’ production of IL-17 can also contribute to tissue injury via osteoclast activation. The figure was adapted from Figueredo et al. (2019) [65].

PMC8997495

cells-11-01168-g002.jpg

0.4037

3e00ddfd92664a118090291c91af3abb

Diagrammatic demonstration of the periodontium encompassing the intact periodontal structures. The figure was adapted from Cho et al. (2021) [99].

PMC8997495

cells-11-01168-g003.jpg

0.447318

925281121d604d6a98cf8a69448727d1

DSCs, similar to members of the MSCs family, have the capacity to differentiate into several lineages. Experiments have shown that given the right conditions, DSCs may develop into bony tissues such as osteoblasts, adipose tissues such as adipocytes and chondrocytes, and nerve and neuronal tissues. The figure was adapted from Wang et al. (2019) [181].

PMC8997495

cells-11-01168-g004.jpg

0.469645

9f4d6101e03149c78db8692df3d3f78d

DSCs, which include DPSCs, PDLSCs, DFSCs, SHEDs, and SCAPs, are classified into numerous groups depending on their origin. The dental pulp is used to isolate DPSCs. PDLSCs are a type of cell found in the PDL. SHEDs are formed when deciduous teeth are exfoliated. DFSCs are obtained from the dental follicle of a tooth that has not yet erupted. The apical papilla is used to isolate SCAPs. The figure was adapted from Wang et al. (2019) [181].

PMC8997495

cells-11-01168-g005.jpg

0.429811

66b7a0cdced84972ab5fe00e5322752d

Diagrammatic representation of human umbilical cord. The figure was adapted from Szepesi et al. (2016) [206].

PMC8997495

cells-11-01168-g006.jpg

0.459057

982ceee089ce4a22ba0ac85e165551cd

Schematic diagram of the measurement of the partition constants of the five UV stabilizers. (a) Loading selected UV stabilizers from MeOH solution to donor PDMS; (b) partition constants between PDMS and water (KPDMSw) using the aqueous boundary layer-permeation method [24]; (c) determination of n-octanol-PDMS and fish oil-PDMS partition constants (Kn-octanol-PDMS and Kfishoil-PDMS).

PMC8998028

ijerph-19-03989-g001.jpg

0.516986

a1d49b95685c486b9d487692cf723f28

Mass transfer kinetics of (a) UV326, (b) UV327, (c) UV328, (d) UV329, and (e) UV531 for the determination of KPDMSw using the aqueous boundary layer (ABL) permeation method. The solid lines denote regression calculated using Equation (2).

PMC8998028

ijerph-19-03989-g002.jpg

0.470817

86ff9461e0e34f6d9e64ec5703d91077

Regression between n-octanol and PDMS of (a) UV326, (b) UV327, (c) UV328, (d) UV329, and (e) UV531. The solid lines denote linear regression lines.

PMC8998028

ijerph-19-03989-g003.jpg

0.474058

d2db5e06ee0f45d1974c29a0ee978062

Regression between fish oil and PDMS of (a) UV326, (b) UV327, (c) dUV328, (d) UV329, and (e) UV531. The solid lines denote linear regression lines.

PMC8998028

ijerph-19-03989-g004.jpg

0.405353

baaf845262ff4b89990f7cca4a7cd205

PRISMA screening process for selection of articles for review.

PMC8998415

ijerph-19-04240-g001.jpg

0.381888

0ab814a8bcb543ee9fcb9f913d9b62a7

Timeline of cases with COVID-19 (South Korea and Seoul) and schedules of anatomical education in SNUCM.Abbreviation: COVID-19 = coronavirus disease 2019, SNUCM = Seoul National University College of Medicine.

PMC9000102

pone.0266426.g001.jpg

0.447847

54b5441b01624c809d50e19ed2510ab0

Comparison of written and practical examination scores between 2019 and 2020 at SNUCM.The 2020 schedule of anatomy education was modified because of COVID-19. (a) Students’ performance was assessed using three sets of written examination on three regional units: the upper and lower limbs, trunk, and head and neck. (b) Students’ performance was assessed using three sets of practical examination on three regional units: the upper and lower limbs, trunk, and head and neck. The statistical significance is expressed with the following symbols: * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001 to indicate statistical differences. Abbreviation: COVID-19 = coronavirus disease 2019, SNUCM = Seoul National University College of Medicine.

PMC9000102

pone.0266426.g002.jpg