nopperl/pmc-image-text · Datasets at Hugging Face

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0.411373	98c025ebbda8448e84b6762c423f1eec	Examples from Caltech-UCSD-Birds (CUB) dataset.	PMC9225515	jimaging-08-00171-g003.jpg
0.762573	42bca1fb842841d3a65389be15c4b8ae	Examples from SUN Attribute (SUN) dataset.	PMC9225515	jimaging-08-00171-g004.jpg
0.426526	2d3c9d437fba4ac3a2d930adaefc2e4b	This figure visualizes the image feature space of the AwA-1 dataset (each color denotes a label), (a) shows t-SNE real test data visualization and (b) shows the test data generated from the proposed approach.	PMC9225515	jimaging-08-00171-g005.jpg
0.426781	a3cae514f9a14cc6886af0599e00ef7f	Nanostructure of QAC-encapsulated plasmid DNA. Number-based representative DLS data (a) and Zeta potential (b) of QAC-SARS-CoV-2 S nanoparticles at 25 °C with Zetasizer software. (c) Viability of HEK 293T cells 72 h post addition of increasing amounts of pQAC-Luc as measured using MTT assay. (d) Expression of luciferase 72 h post addition of increasing amounts of pQAC-Luc. (e) Sustained release kinetics of packaged DNA in vitro measured at pH-7.4, 37 °C. (f) Expression of luciferase from released pCAG-Luc used in the release kinetics assay in comparison to fresh pCAG-Luc.	PMC9227431	viruses-14-01262-g001a.jpg
0.413122	fc2f62f99fcc4793ae481b0a06872280	Efficient internalization of QAC nanoparticles by J774 cells. Cell monolayers were incubated with Cy3-labeled (a) unencapsulated or (b) QAC encapsulated labeled DNA (green) for 4 or 24 h and stained for actin (Alexa phalloidin 546, red). DAPI (blue) was used to stain the nucleus. Representative images were captured by LSCM. Scale bars = 5 μm.	PMC9227431	viruses-14-01262-g002.jpg
0.403247	79b57501c999471b9e415c7da032f3ee	Generation of humoral immune responses in K18-hACE2 mice following immunization with different vaccine constructs. (a) Outline for vaccine construct and immunization protocol using groups of K18-hACE2 mice vaccinated with 2 doses of pQAC-CoV (IN) or pQAC-CoV (IM) with 6-week interval. Another group of K18-hACE2 mice were vaccinated with pQAC-CoV (IN) at week-0, followed by boost with MVA-CoV (IN) at week-6. (b) Serum neutralization (NAb) titer of wild-type SARS-CoV-2, isolate USA-WA1/2020, (c) bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) neutralization titer of wild-type SARS-CoV-2, isolate USA-WA1/2020 and (d) serum NAb titer of wild-type SARS-CoV-2, isolate USA-WA1/2020 in comparison to UK (B.1.1.7) and SA (B.1.351) variants. Significance (, p < 0.05, *, p < 0.01) was determined by ANOVA. Data show mean ± SEM.	PMC9227431	viruses-14-01262-g003.jpg
0.464607	07c5f0aef9a5493894d2d6158f3d58ff	SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific T-cell responses in lungs of vaccinated K18-hACE2 mice. Intracellular cytokine staining was performed on lungs harvested 3 weeks after final boost to assess T-cell responses. (a) Type 1 helper (Th1) responses (IFN-γ or TNFα or IL-2+); (b) type 2 helper (Th2) responses (IL-13+); (c) type 17 helper (Th17) responses (IL-17+); (d) type 1 cytotoxic (Tc1) responses (IFN-γ or TNFα or IL-2+); (e) type 2 cytotoxic (Tc2) responses (IL-13+); (f) type 17 cytotoxic (Tc17) responses (IL-17+) intracellular cytokine staining assays for lung T-cells in response to recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike stimulation. Significance (**, p < 0.01) was determined by ANOVA compared to PBS controls. Data show mean ± SEM.	PMC9227431	viruses-14-01262-g004.jpg
0.466287	6e618f702435467eb52f5a246cbbc525	Protective efficacy of QAC-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in K18-hACE2 mice. Three weeks following final immunization, K18-hACE2 mice were intranasally infected with 1 × 104 PFU of SARS-CoV-2. (a,c) Weight loss and (b,d) survival outcomes at 6 days post-challenge (dpc) in K18-hACE2 transgenic mice. Data from follow-up trial depicted in c and d. Weight loss data show median with error (95% CI). Survivability significance (*, p < 0.05) was determined by Mantel–Cox log rank test. Survivability data show mean ± SEM.	PMC9227431	viruses-14-01262-g005.jpg
0.477301	cd3c473f52634995bad27c954497b9e7	pQAC-CoV administration reduces lung tissue titer. SARS-CoV-2 titers in the lungs of vaccinated mice at 4 (a,c) and 6 (b,d) days post-infection (dpi). Data from follow-up trial depicted in (c,d). Significance (, p < 0.01; , p < 0.001; ***, p < 0.0001) or non-significance (ns) was determined by ANOVA compared to PBS controls (a,b) or Student’s t-test (c,d). Data show mean ± SEM.	PMC9227431	viruses-14-01262-g006.jpg
0.569143	0db1df3b70944821bef8c3270e79a48f	Parenteral pQAC-CoV administration prevents viral dissemination to the brain. SARS-CoV-2 titers in the brains of vaccinated mice at 4 (a,c) and 6 (b,d) days post-infection (dpi). Viral titers measured using SARS-CoV-2 specific qRT-PCR (a,b) or infectious assay using VERO E6 cells (c,d). Data from follow-up trial depicted in c and d. Significance (, p < 0.05; , p < 0.01; **, p < 0.001) or non-significance (ns) was determined by ANOVA compared to PBS controls (a,b) or Student’s t-test (c,d). Data show mean ± SEM.	PMC9227431	viruses-14-01262-g007.jpg
0.523633	20240b7322f6412aa96e62ed77c58462	Histopathologic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in K18-hACE2 transgenic mice immunized with QAC-based vaccines. Histology of fixed lung tissues, 6 days after SARS-CoV-2 infection. H&E-stained tissues (n = 5 per group). Representative images of SARS-CoV-2-infected mice that received (a) PBS, (b) pQAC-CoV (IN), (c) pQAC-CoV (IM) or (d) pQAC/MVA-CoV (IN). Interstitial lung disease was reduced in the pQAC-CoV (IM). Scale bar, 50 or 100 μm. (e) Histopathologic scoring of lung tissues. Tissues from all four groups were ordinally scored for lung lesions. Error bars represent the SEM. ***, p < 0.001, one-way ANOVA.	PMC9227431	viruses-14-01262-g008a.jpg
0.427619	8a2153b5cdb349ac8b1b568aace69fd7	Two versions of the IPMA used in this study. (a) Version A. (b) Version B.	PMC9228002	sensors-22-04341-g001.jpg
0.438744	c1a5646fd3f847b0b428b47ec4bba607	Details of the experiments with the IPMA. In (a), an individual inserting his/her arm; in (b), the detail of the structure where the hand is placed to measure body temperature and oxygen saturation; in (c), a photo of the oximeter display. The upper number (right in the image) is the oxygen saturation, and the bottom number (left in the image) is the heart rate. There is a silicone cover on the power button to avoid the linear actuator damaging the oximeter.	PMC9228002	sensors-22-04341-g002.jpg
0.441899	18122575ceaa4ae7b56f244b08d33e18	Version B with UV-C applied.	PMC9228002	sensors-22-04341-g003.jpg
0.526316	bef6a16207734eb49aff9a42fde0f0d0	Possible states of the oximeter display. (a) Complete reading procedure and points (in green) needed for the oximeter image alignment; (b) oximeter turned off; (c) incomplete reading procedure.	PMC9228002	sensors-22-04341-g004.jpg
0.428118	357d838157ea4047b47e00a32bcab8fc	Samples generated using image transformations.	PMC9228002	sensors-22-04341-g005.jpg
0.384612	1873a549d26e4d179f1e949b76e671b7	Processing steps for the oximeter display images. (a) The oximeter image taken by the camera; (b) the ANN output points marked in red; (c) the resulting warping procedure given the VGG16 points; (d) flipping the image to generate the final image.	PMC9228002	sensors-22-04341-g006.jpg
0.485813	457623f7edc1436e8e1db3b04edeab93	Diagram of the OCR recognition algorithm using the aligned image (the oximeter display in this example) to search for key pixels applying template matching and return the displayed value in text format.	PMC9228002	sensors-22-04341-g007.jpg
0.392137	d91c3929d90b458fba34c05a9492fb24	Block diagram of the machine learning algorithms used in this study. (a) Cough signal; (b) speech signal; (c) heart rate, body temperature, and SpO2.	PMC9228002	sensors-22-04341-g008.jpg
0.478835	6be7ea36c28e4258a7a8565ce8ca9256	Ecuadorian volunteers taking the tests with the IPMA.	PMC9228002	sensors-22-04341-g0A1.jpg
0.450615	728ef59731ad4259ba89a1f28272f60a	Brazilian volunteers taking the tests with the IPMA.	PMC9228002	sensors-22-04341-g0A2.jpg
0.429493	31f6fbdc777e48e9a111011be8867fb7	SEM images of the transversal cryo-cleaved of the PP-based and PLA-based composite fibers filled with 10 wt.% CNFs at different scales (a,c,d), of PP transcrystallites formed around the nanofillers (b).	PMC9229486	polymers-14-02362-g001.jpg
0.426438	9742003e6bbc4c6986f98005d6820d66	Dependences of the logarithm of electrical resistivity on the concentration of carbon nanofibers for composite fibers based on PP and PLA matrices: the black dotted lines separating the lg (ρ) dependences into sections (I–IV) characterize the different nature of the change in electrical resistance; green dotted lines characterize the upper limits of the electrical resistance values that provide the material with antistatic or shielding properties. The insert demonstrates the nature of the formation of a conducting cluster in a polymer matrix.	PMC9229486	polymers-14-02362-g002.jpg
0.491131	025e7c92fc644995926de858ef3b06b0	PRISMA Flow Diagram.	PMC9231241	sports-10-00085-g001.jpg
0.449421	3140bb31889046debd23ce45959de9a5	Changes of serum creatinine according to times after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination and steroid pulses.	PMC9235455	kjt-35-4-253-f1.jpg
0.466252	de99faae3e4e4e3483fb591609d0e521	Hematoxylin and eosin (A; ×200) and periodic acid-Schiff (B; ×400) staining of a kidney allograft with acute T cell-mediated rejection (grade IB). Both stainings showed severe tubulitis and interstitial inflammation. The allograft biopsy specimen was evaluated for histologic characteristics according to the Banff 2019 criteria as follows: i3, t3, ti3, v0, g1, ci1, ct1, cg0, ptc0, mm1, cv1, ah0, i-IFTA2, t-IFTA3, ptc0, c4d0, aah0, pvl0.	PMC9235455	kjt-35-4-253-f2.jpg
0.489039	27af76684d24403a8c66e357fbfa0e68	Examples of endoperoxide-containing natural products.	PMC9235837	Beilstein_J_Org_Chem-18-707-g002.jpg
0.460416	e67a49fe02f642c582aafc49b6eae62d	Structures of COXs [52–53]. (A) The overall structure of ovine COX-1. (B and C) Comparison of the cyclooxygenase sites of (B) COX-1 and (C) COX-2 in complex with AA. Yellow dashed lines show hydrogen bond interactions. The blue dashed line shows the distance between Tyr385 and C13 of AA.	PMC9235837	Beilstein_J_Org_Chem-18-707-g003.jpg
0.405503	3dd9ce0d5f044bec952944b286de9eb7	Structure of FtmOx1 [71]. (A) The FtmOx1 binary structure in complex with 2OG. (B and C) Comparison of the active site architectures between (B) the binary structure and (C) the ternary structure. Blue dashed lines show the distances between atoms and yellow dashed lines represent hydrogen bond interactions. Grey dashed lines show the coordination of the iron atom. Iron atoms are depicted by orange spheres.	PMC9235837	Beilstein_J_Org_Chem-18-707-g004.jpg
0.420937	8beb1bacda16409b871983dd23ebe299	Structure of NvfI [28]. (A–C) Conformational changes of loop regions: (A) open conformation, (B) partially closed conformation, and (C) closed conformation of NvfI. (D) The active site of NvfI in complex with asnovolin A. Blue dashed lines show the distances between atoms and yellow dashed lines represent hydrogen bond interactions. Iron atoms are depicted by orange spheres.	PMC9235837	Beilstein_J_Org_Chem-18-707-g005.jpg
0.493713	658a7b94c4ae494e86b744b7209b08ad	Reactions of COXs.	PMC9235837	Beilstein_J_Org_Chem-18-707-g006.jpg
0.409772	99802b464221494ab74ab4295c9fee4a	Proposed reaction mechanisms of COXs [24].	PMC9235837	Beilstein_J_Org_Chem-18-707-g007.jpg
0.492327	d250055d9804440a8a7a20cde74ebecd	General reaction mechanism of Fe/2OG oxygenases.	PMC9235837	Beilstein_J_Org_Chem-18-707-g008.jpg
0.448379	c2f8cbdeb5eb44149fcf492d0823d5a9	Reaction of FtmOx1 [68–71].	PMC9235837	Beilstein_J_Org_Chem-18-707-g009.jpg
0.466863	a74fecfe2ee647d7864cde36124bd484	Proposed COX-like mechanism of FtmOx1 [68].	PMC9235837	Beilstein_J_Org_Chem-18-707-g010.jpg
0.403489	3b5df60c40774527837602b70bcd79c0	Proposed CarC-like mechanism of FtmOx1 [70].	PMC9235837	Beilstein_J_Org_Chem-18-707-g011.jpg
0.427475	a6bd74b854404a9b860d713b1466a261	Reaction of NvfI [28].	PMC9235837	Beilstein_J_Org_Chem-18-707-g012.jpg
0.386447	5d990046ea9f44b0a15c96f8dcbae176	Possible reaction pathways leading to fumigatonoid A [28].	PMC9235837	Beilstein_J_Org_Chem-18-707-g013.jpg
0.391278	0a5e3e15e70a4a648fe64acbcd373b06	Another possible reaction pathway for the formation of fumigatonoid A [28].	PMC9235837	Beilstein_J_Org_Chem-18-707-g014.jpg
0.429242	25931fa8d7c24cb090960581bc7d12e2	DMSO alleviates radiation-induced testicular injury and enhances seminiferous epithelium regeneration after irradiation. (a) The image of harvested testis and (b) the calculated testis index at 60 d post-IR. (c) Representative images of the H&E- and MVH- (DDX4) stained testis at the indicated days post-IR. Scale bar = 100 μm. (d, e) Quantitative analysis of the diameter and the epithelial thickness of seminiferous tubules at various time points post-IR. Error bars indicate mean ± SD (n = 3). ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, and ∗∗∗p < 0.001. Student's t-tests were used to determine statistical significance in (a), (d), and (e).	PMC9236762	OMCL2022-9137812.001.jpg
0.422606	70668d46e95340a59495dc26d069e9ea	DMSO reverses the decline of sperm quantity and quality after irradiation. (a) Representative images of the H&E-stained epididymis at 60 d post-IR. Scale bar = 50 μm. (b) Sperm counts at the indicated time points after irradiation. (c) Representative images of eosin-stained sperms before or 45 d after irradiation; normal and abnormal sperm are indicated by gray and blue arrows, respectively (scale bar = 50 μm). (d) Percent of abnormal sperm at the indicated time points after irradiation. Error bars indicate mean ± SD (n = 3). ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, and ∗∗∗p < 0.001. Student's t-tests were used to determine statistical significance in (b) and (d).	PMC9236762	OMCL2022-9137812.002.jpg
0.431489	d6410c7c408c4b9bb1ea7d780584c1c7	DMSO radioprotects germ cells in vivo and in vitro. (a) Representative images of the Ki67-stained testis and (b) quantitative analysis are shown at the indicated days post-IR. Scale bar = 50 μm. (c) Cell survival was detected by CCK-8 after irradiation at various dosages (0-14 Gy). Data from all irradiated samples were normalized to unirradiated samples, and percentages of viable cells were plotted. (d) Representative images of cell plates showing colonies derived from DMSO- or vehicle-treated GC-2 cells either left unirradiated or irradiated with 10 Gy and 12 Gy. (e) Quantitative analysis showing the percentages of surviving colonies. Error bars indicate mean ± SD (n = 3). ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001, and ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001. Student's t-tests were used to determine statistical significance in (b), (c), and (e).	PMC9236762	OMCL2022-9137812.003.jpg
0.430449	aec735b64fae4ea79ebf939919fcfc5f	DMSO improves spermatogonial stem cells and spermatogonia survival after irradiation. (a) Representative images of the GFRα-1-stained testis within 120 d after irradiation; GFRα-1-positive cells are indicated by blue arrows. (b) Quantitative analysis is shown at the indicated days post-IR. Scale bar = 50 μm. (c) Representative images of the c-Kit-stained testis and (d) quantitative analysis are shown at the indicated days post-IR. Scale bar = 50 μm. Error bars indicate mean ± SD (n = 3). ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, and ∗∗∗p < 0.001. Student's t-tests were used to determine statistical significance in (b) and (d).	PMC9236762	OMCL2022-9137812.004.jpg
0.386048	725de624e88e40b9b803be460b042034	DMSO suppresses radiation-induced germ cell apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. (a) Representative images of the TUNEL-stained testis 12 h post-IR, scale bar = 50 μm. (b) Quantification of TUNEL-positive cells. (c) Representative images of the cleaved caspase-3-stained testis 12 h post-IR, scale bar = 50 μm. (d) Quantification of cleaved caspase-3-positive cells. (e) Representative flow cytometric analysis of apoptosis in GC-2 cells 24 h post-IR. (f) Percentages of Annexin V-positive GC-2 cells. Error bars indicate mean ± SD (n = 4). ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗∗p < 0.001. Student's t-tests were used to determine statistical significance in (b), (d), and (f).	PMC9236762	OMCL2022-9137812.005.jpg
0.443978	dd55674cb94e4469a42eae9c272489c9	DMSO alleviates radiation-induced oxidative stress in vivo and in vitro. (a) Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and (b) the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the testis at 6 h post-IR were determined. (c) Representative flow cytometric analysis of ROS in GC-2 cells 12 h post-IR. (d) Quantification of percentages of the ROS-positive GC-2 cells. Error bars indicate mean ± SD (n = 3). ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001. Student's t-tests were used to determine statistical significance in (a), (b), and (d).	PMC9236762	OMCL2022-9137812.006.jpg
0.418099	3a50910527314b778c8a5c59e5588a30	DMSO facilitates DNA damage repair with a bias toward homologous recombination. (a) The testis was harvested 12 h after irradiation and stained with γ-H2AX. Images were taken with a confocal microscope; γ-H2AX foci are shown (b). (c) The testis was harvested at 0 h, 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h post-IR. WB analysis was performed to examine the protein levels of γ-H2AX, RAD51, BRCA1, and p-BRCA1. Vinculin was used as a loading control. (d) GC-2 cells were harvested at 0 h, 0.5 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h after irradiation and stained with γ-H2AX. γ-H2AX foci are shown in green, and DAPI is colored in blue. Images were taken with a confocal microscope. (e) Quantitative analysis of γ-H2AX foci in GC-2 cells. (f) GC-2 cells were harvested at 0 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h after irradiation, and WB analysis was performed to examine the protein levels of γ-H2AX, RAD51, BRCA1, and p-BRCA1. Vinculin was used as a loading control. Error bars indicate mean ± SD (n = 3). ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001, and ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001. Student's t-tests were used to determine statistical significance in (b) and (e).	PMC9236762	OMCL2022-9137812.007.jpg
0.436613	333d895a882748d4a0916f991921fb85	Proposed mechanisms underlying the radioprotective effect of DMSO in the mouse testis.	PMC9236762	OMCL2022-9137812.008.jpg
0.489167	1428bef922d14db4a18280aa64aff22f	(A) Annual intake and (B) annual outcomes for animals entering the shelters in the sample population (n = 1,373) from 2016 to 2020.	PMC9237517	fvets-09-863990-g0001.jpg
0.5292	8ad2ca543706471fbec2851bf0582bc4	(A) Annual intake and (B) annual outcomes for dogs entering the shelters in the sample population (n = 1,131) from 2016 to 2020.	PMC9237517	fvets-09-863990-g0002.jpg
0.466949	7950595a9d5d42bb9ee1ed1310a6cc4c	(A) Annual intake and (B) annual outcomes for cats entering the shelters in the sample population (n = 1,101) from 2016 to 2020.	PMC9237517	fvets-09-863990-g0003.jpg
0.464906	951f3fe47a8b4b478aa7c0e48b22d513	Identification of differentially expressed genes between E+ and E− tissues under cold stress. Samples were: E+MS (endophyte positive, morning, pseudostem), E+ML (endophyte positive, morning, leaf blade), E+NS (endophyte positive, afternoon, pseudostem), E + NL (endophyte positive, afternoon, leaf blade), E+ES (endophyte positive, evening, pseudostem), E+EL (endophyte positive, evening, leaf blade), E−MS (endophyte-free, morning, pseudostem), E−ML (endophyte-free, morning, leaf blade), E−NS (endophyte-free, afternoon, pseudostem), E−NL (endophyte-free, afternoon, leaf blade), E−ES (endophyte-free, evening, pseudostem), and E−EL (endophyte-free, evening, leaf blade).	PMC9237612	fpls-13-803400-g001.jpg
0.413651	b252e28c191647a5a73d0ed6c0da81d3	Visualization of differential gene expression pattern among E+MS vs. E−MS, E+ML vs. E−ML, E+NS vs. E−NS, E+NL vs. E−NL, E+ES vs. E−ES, and E+EL vs. E−EL using DiVenn program. The red and blue nodes represent up- and downregulated genes, respectively. The yellow node represents upregulated in one dataset but downregulated in the other dataset. Abbreviations of the samples are the same as in Figure 1.	PMC9237612	fpls-13-803400-g002.jpg
0.432105	df3e81ee89e0430085b98bc6f36086de	Hierarchical clustering analysis of all differentially expressed genes from six comparisons. Each column represents a different sample with subject to endophyte status, cold stress, and tissue type. Red represents upregulated; blue, downregulated; and white, no change. Abbreviations of the samples are the same as in Figure 1.	PMC9237612	fpls-13-803400-g003.jpg
0.403801	dc4f88e3f519474fa2cc326da2e735b0	Top 10 significant GO terms in each of the six comparisons obtained using differentially expressed genes of rice orthologues. Significantly (p ≤ 0.01) enriched GO terms of (A)—biological process (BP), (B)—molecular function (MF) and (C)—cellular component (CC) are shown in x-axis and the number of genes of each GO term are displayed in y-axis. The GO terms for the biological process are (a) protein complex biogenesis, (b) protein complex assembly, (c) cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process, (d) macromolecular complex assembly, (e) amine metabolic process, (f) carbohydrate metabolic process, (g) small molecule metabolic process, (h) oxoacid metabolic process, (i) organic acid metabolic process, (j) carboxylic acid metabolic process, (k) cellular ketone metabolic process, (l) cellular amino acid metabolic process, (m) cellular carbohydrate metabolic process, (n) cellular amine metabolic process, (o) cellular amino acid and derivative metabolic process, (p) macromolecule localization, (q) localization, (r) tRNA metabolic process, (s) amino acid activation, (t) transport, (u) establishment of localization, (v) cellular component assembly, (w) protein localization, and (x) macromolecular complex subunit organization. The GO terms for the molecular function are: (a) nucleotide binding, (b) purine nucleotide binding, (c) protein tyrosine kinase activity, (d) nucleoside-triphosphatase activity, (e) pyrophosphatase activity, (f) hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides, in phosphorus-containing anhydrides, (g) hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides, (h) ATPase activity, (i) ATPase activity, coupled to transmembrane movement of substances, (j) ATPase activity, coupled to movement of substances, (k) hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides, catalyzing transmembrane movement of substances, (l) adenyl nucleotide binding, (m) purine nucleoside binding, (n) purine ribonucleotide binding, (o) ribonucleotide binding, and (p) substrate-specific transporter activity. The GO terms for the cellular component are: (a) membrane coat, (b) coated membrane, (c) membrane part, (d) membrane, (e) cell, (f) cell part, (g) cytoplasm, (h) protein complex, (i) macromolecular complex, (j) integral to membrane, (k) intrinsic to membrane, and (l) cytoplasm part. Abbreviations of the samples are the same as in Figure 1.	PMC9237612	fpls-13-803400-g004.jpg
0.389641	9f478dc0237744fbb20feb20bff118c7	The distribution of differentially expressed genes in KEGG pathways. The top 10 enriched KEGG pathways based on FDR-corrected value of p (p < 0.05) in each six comparisons, E+MS vs. E−MS, E+ML vs. E−ML, E+NS vs. E−NS, E+NL vs. E−NL, E+ES vs. E−ES, and E+EL vs. E−EL were displayed in y-axis and the number of DEGs under each KEGG pathways were displayed in x-axis. Abbreviations of the samples are the same as in Figure 1.	PMC9237612	fpls-13-803400-g005.jpg
0.402683	492bf55e6e7c487f866f0b754b83b706	Validation of RNA-seq data obtained from pseudostem of E+ and E− tall fescue collected at morning freezing temperatures through qRT-PCR analysis. The gene expression pattern was shown in x-axis and the log2 fold change value was shown in y-axis.	PMC9237612	fpls-13-803400-g006.jpg
0.412715	893abb80b5994d11a49c27ddd597e3b9	Overview of scDART. ascDART takes as input a scRNA-seq data batch, a scATAC-seq data batch, and a pre-defined GAM. It learns the latent embedding of integrated data from the two data batches and a more accurate gene activity function between regions and genes. This gene activity function can be used to predict scRNA-seq data from scATAC-seq data (the predicted scRNA-seq data is also called pseudo-scRNA-seq data). b The neural network structure of scDART. scDART includes two modules: (1) the gene activity function module is a fully-connected neural network. This module encodes the nonlinear regulatory relationship between regions and genes, and generate the pseudo-scRNA-seq data from scATAC-seq data. (2) The projection module takes in the scRNA-seq data and the pseudo-scRNA-seq data and generates the latent embedding of both modalities	PMC9238247	13059_2022_2706_Fig1_HTML.jpg
0.516445	3969a692141844a3ad9deebae6c6eddc	The results of scDART and baseline methods on the SNARE-seq mouse neonatal brain cortex dataset. a Latent embedding of scDART, Liger, Seurat, and UnionCom, visualized using PCA. Cells are colored with cell type annotation in the original paper. Red lines show the inferred trajectory backbone. All plots share the same legend as in the Liger plot. b Latent embedding of scDART, Seurat, Liger, and UnionCom, where cells are colored with data batches. All plots share the same legend as in the UnionCom plot. c Neighborhood overlap score. d Pseudotime consistency score, where Pearson correlation is used. e Pearson correlation between real-scRNA-seq and (y-axis) pseudo-scRNA-seq (predicted scRNA-seq from scATAC-seq data by scDART), (x-axis) linear transformation. 11 key DE genes are shown	PMC9238247	13059_2022_2706_Fig2_HTML.jpg
0.466229	6e3a36e76baf4bd7965cd1eecdc4084b	The results of scDART and baseline methods on the mouse endothelial cell development dataset. a–c Latent embedding of scDART, visualized using PCA. Cells are colored with (a) cell type annotation from original data paper, (b) data batches, and (c) inferred pseudotime. Red lines in (a) show the inferred trajectory backbone. d The latent embedding of Seurat, Liger, and UnionCom where cells are colored with cell type annotation from original data paper. All plots share the same legend as in the Liger plot. e The latent embedding of Seurat, Liger, and UnionCom where cells are colored with data batches. All plots share the same legend as in the Liger plot	PMC9238247	13059_2022_2706_Fig3_HTML.jpg
0.451759	cf0259850eed48b48b56f9735ad9f1f7	The results of scDART and baseline methods on the human hematopoiesis dataset. a Latent embedding of scDART, Liger, Seurat, and UnionCom. Cells are colored with cell type annotations from the original paper. Red lines show the inferred trajectory backbone. All plots share the same legend as in the Liger plot. b Latent embedding of scDART, Seurat, Liger, and UnionCom. Cells colored with data batches. All plots share the same legend as in the UnionCom plot. c The expression level of STMN1 and GAPDH along MEP lineage, and SATB1 and RUNX2 along CLP lineage. Cells are ordered on the x-axis according to the inferred pseudotime. d The deviation values (from ChromVAR) of differentially accessible motifs along MEP and CLP lineages. The black and red lines in (c) and (d) correspond to the fitted statistical models under alternative and null hypothesis, respectively, when conducting likelihood ratio test	PMC9238247	13059_2022_2706_Fig4_HTML.jpg
0.453377	5c5242ccfe5449609869cf1255b4be83	Performance of scDART on simulated datasets. a Ground truth trajectory topology of simulated continuous datasets. b The latent embedding of scDART from one simulated data with trifurcating trajectory backbone. Red lines show the inferred backbone, and arrows show the trajectory direction. Left: cells colored by the ground truth trajectory branches they belong to; Right: cells colored by the data batches. c, d Boxplots of F1-score and Kendall- τ score calculated from different methods. 3 datasets were used for each type of trajectory, and for each dataset scDART and scDART-anchor were run 3 times. Seurat and UnionCom have the same F1 score on all 3 datasets with bifurcating trajectory. e Violin plots of normalized MSE between pseudo-scRNA-seq and ground truth scRNA-seq. f Trajectory backbone learned from scRNA-seq when branch 4_3 has only 95 cells. g Trajectory backbone learned from scRNA-seq when branch 4_3 has 495 cells. h Trajectory backbone learned from latent embedding integrated by scDART where when branch 4_3 has 197 cells (95 from scRNA-seq and 102 from scATAC-seq). i The latent embedding of scDART on one dataset with discrete clusters. Left: cells colored with cell type annotations; Right: cells colored with data batches	PMC9238247	13059_2022_2706_Fig5_HTML.jpg
0.384172	8c618135c56c4368bb4ed451de627c24	Meta-analysis of Campylobacter-associated diarrhea revealed a significant locus on chromosome 8. Each dot represents a single variant, sorted by chromosomal location along the x-axis. The y axis is the −log10 P value in the meta-analysis of the two cohorts, PROVIDE and CBC. Each cohort was adjusted for sex, LAZ at birth, LAZ at 12 months, water treatment, and the top principal component. The red line indicates genome-wide significance (5 × 10−7).	PMC9239263	mbio.00556-22-f001.jpg
0.409689	679f0ceb26be445aaf942785715c7404	Genomic context. Each dot represents a single variant, ordered by position on chromosome 8 along the x-axis. The y axis on the left shows the -log10 P value from the meta-analysis, while the y axis on the right indicates the recombination rate in centimorgans per megabase. The colors indicate linkage disequilibrium (r2) between each variant and the highest-scoring SNP (rs13281104, shown in purple). The zoomed-in portion shows exons 5 to 7 of ARHGEF10 and the 22 variants in the LD block with P < 5 × 10−5 in the meta-analysis, colored by effect listed in GTEx. Red lines are CLN8 eQTLs in whole blood, blue lines are ARHGEF10 eQTLs in the brain, purple lines are eQTLs for both genes (CLN8 in blood and ARHGEF10 in the brain), and gray lines are not identified as significant eQTLs in GTEx. The pink bars along the bottom indicate the approximate locations of enhancers listed in GeneCards.	PMC9239263	mbio.00556-22-f002.jpg
0.417678	2412cb5dccb44da0ab0404f9e579b9d9	RNA-Seq Results for rs13281104. In each panel, GG genotype counts are in red, AA genotype counts are in green, and GA genotype counts are in blue. A significant difference in counts (P < 0.05) was found when comparing between those with GG and AA phenotypes in the Bangladeshi Adult cohort.	PMC9239263	mbio.00556-22-f003.jpg
0.398394	67c5f6cf838840e4b61bcd0066c8dbe7	Construction of the immune-enhancing FMDV vaccine strains, O PA2-C3d and A22-C3d.(a, b) O PA2-C3d (a); A22-C3d (b). The B cell epitope, C3d (with 13 amino acid residues in the VP1 region) is used to prepare the virus. The O PA2 (O PA2-R) or A22 (A22-R) P1 strains—where the P1 region of O1 Manisa is substituted with O PA2 P1 or A22 P1—are used as the backbone to prepare the immune-enhancing FMD vaccine strains that can overcome interference by maternally-derived antibodies.	PMC9240001	41541_2022_496_Fig1_HTML.jpg
0.530362	497bd536e7f9420fbaaf5019144b6db0	Vaccine efficacy and protective effects of O PA2-C3d and A22-C3d in mice.C57BL/6 mice (n = 5/group) were administered the test vaccine at 1/10, 1/40, 1/160, 1/640 doses of O PA2 or O PA2-C3d or A22 or A22-C3d antigen for cattle or pig use, ISA 206 (oil-based emulsion, 50%, w/w), 10% Al(OH)3, and 15 µg Quil-A. A negative control (NC) group was injected with the same volume of PBS. The test vaccines were injected intramuscularly into mice that were later challenged with FMDV type O (100 LD50 O/VET/2013) or FMDV type A (100 LD50 A/Malay/97) at 7 dpv. The survival rates and body weights were monitored for 7 dpc. (a–i) Experimental strategy (a); survival rates post-challenge with O/VET/2013 (b, d) or A/Malay/97 (f, h); changes in body weight post-challenge with O/VET/2013 (c, e) or A/Malay/97 (g, i). The data represent the mean ± SEM of triplicate measurements (n = 5/group).	PMC9240001	41541_2022_496_Fig2_HTML.jpg
0.497411	146e6a68f16748c3b6c5e3789afe4229	Vaccine efficacy and protective effects of a bivalent test vaccine containing the O PA2-C3d and A22-C3d antigens.C57BL/6 mice (n = 4/group) were administered the test vaccine at 1/10, 1/40, 1/160, 1/640 doses of O PA2 + A22 antigen or O PA2-C3d + A22-C3d antigen for cattle or pig use, ISA 206 (oil-based emulsion, 50%, w/w), 10% Al(OH)3, and 15 µg Quil-A. A negative control (NC) group was injected with the same volume of PBS. The test vaccines were injected intramuscularly into mice that were later challenged with FMDV type O (100 LD50 O/VET/2013) or FMDV type A (100 LD50 A/Malay/97) at 7 dpv. The survival rates and body weights were monitored for 7 dpc. (a–i) Experimental strategy (a); survival rates post-challenge with O/VET/2013 (b, d) or A/Malay/97 (f, h); changes in body weight post-challenge with O/VET/2013 (c, e) or A/Malay/97 (g, i). The data represent the mean ± SEM of triplicate measurements (n = 4/group).	PMC9240001	41541_2022_496_Fig3_HTML.jpg
0.404879	b08dc7a0e94e420e835b0370b1485712	Immune responses mediated by the immune-enhancing FMDV (O PA2-C3d and A22-C3d), as measured by SP O and SP A ELISA for overcoming interference by maternally-derived antibodies (MDA) in pigs.Pigs (8–9 weeks old) that were FMD antibody-seropositive (MDA(+), n = 16) or FMD antibody-seronegative (MDA(−), n = 16) animals were divided into three groups, respectively: a negative control group (NC, n = 4/group), a positive control group (PC, n = 6/group), and an experimental group (Exp., n = 6/group). The Exp. group were administered the test vaccines containing 15 μg (1 dose for cattle and pig use) O PA2-C3d + A22-C3d antigen with ISA 206 (oil-based emulsion, 50%, w/w), 10% Al(OH)3, and 150 μg Quil-A. The positive control group received 15 μg (1 dose for cattle and pig use) O PA2 + A22 antigen with ISA 206 (oil-based emulsion, 50%, w/w), 10% Al(OH)3, and 150 μg Quil-A. A negative control (NC) group was injected with the same volume of PBS. The vaccination was performed twice at 28-day intervals, with 1 mL vaccine (1 dose) injected via a deep intramuscular route on the animals’ necks. Blood samples were collected at 0, 7, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, and 84 days post vaccination in pigs for serological assays. (a–i) Study strategy (a); SP O antibody titers (PrioCheckTM kit) in MDA(+) pigs (b); SP O antibody titers (VDPro® kit) in MDA(+) pigs (c); SP A antibody titers (PrioCheckTM kit) in MDA(+) pigs (d); SP A antibody titers (VDPro® kit) in MDA(+) pigs (e); SP O antibody titers (PrioCheckTM kit) in MDA(−) pigs (f); SP O antibody titers (VDPro® kit) in MDA(−) pigs (g); SP A antibody titers (PrioCheckTM kit) in MDA(−) pigs (h); SP A antibody titers (VDPro® kit) in MDA(−) pigs (i). The data represent the mean ± SEM of triplicate measurements (n = 4 or 6/group). Statistical analyses were performed using a two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. p < 0.05; p < 0.01; p < 0.001; and **p < 0.001.	PMC9240001	41541_2022_496_Fig4_HTML.jpg
0.446507	7a3e62c55217430ba77e862075ccca0f	Immune responses mediated by the immune-enhancing FMDV (O PA2-C3d and A22-C3d), as measured by VN titers for overcoming interference of maternally-derived antibodies (MDA) in pigs.Pigs (8–9 weeks old) that were FMD antibody-seropositive (MDA(+), n = 16) or FMD antibody-seronegative (MDA(−), n = 16) animals were divided into three groups, respectively: a negative control group (NC, n = 4/group), a positive control group (PC, n = 6/group), and an experimental group (Exp., n = 6/group). The Exp. group were administered the test vaccines containing 15 μg (1 dose for cattle and pig use) O PA2-C3d + A22-C3d antigen with ISA 206 (oil-based emulsion, 50%, w/w), 10% Al(OH)3, and 150 μg Quil-A. The positive control group received 15 μg (1 dose for cattle and pig use) O PA2 + A22 antigen with ISA 206 (oil-based emulsion, 50%, w/w), 10% Al(OH)3, and 150 μg Quil-A. A negative control (NC) group was injected with the same volume of PBS. The vaccination was performed twice at 28-day intervals, with 1 mL vaccine (1 dose) injected via a deep intramuscular route on the animals’ necks. Blood samples were collected at 0, 7, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, and 84 days post vaccination in pigs for serological assays. (a–e) O1 Campos, A2001 Argentina, and A24 Cruzeiro VN titers in MDA(+) or MDA(−) pigs (a); O PA2 VN titers in MDA(+) pigs (b); O PA2 VN titers in MDA(−) pigs (c); A22 VN titers in MDA(+) pigs (d); A22 VN titers in MDA(−) pigs (e). The data represent the mean ± SEM of triplicate measurements (n = 4 or 6/group). Statistical analyses were performed using two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. p < 0.05; p < 0.01; p < 0.001; and **p < 0.001.	PMC9240001	41541_2022_496_Fig5_HTML.jpg
0.421023	fc2eb15bb1864fd8bc9df5cad1b19669	Immune responses mediated by the immune-enhancing FMDV (O PA2-C3d and A22-C3d), as measured by immunoglobulin subtypes such as IgG, IgM, and IgA in pigs.Pigs (8–9 weeks old) that were FMD antibody-seropositive (MDA(+), n = 16) or FMD antibody-seronegative (MDA(−), n = 16) animals were divided into three groups, respectively: a negative control group (NC, n = 4/group), a positive control group (PC, n = 6/group), and an experimental group (Exp., n = 6/group). The Exp. group were administered the test vaccines containing 15 μg (1 dose for cattle and pig use) O PA2-C3d + A22-C3d antigen with ISA 206 (oil-based emulsion, 50%, w/w), 10% Al(OH)3, and 150 μg Quil-A. The positive control group received 15 μg (1 dose for cattle and pig use) O PA2 + A22 antigen with ISA 206 (oil-based emulsion, 50%, w/w), 10% Al(OH)3, and 150 μg Quil-A. A negative control (NC) group was injected with the same volume of PBS. The vaccination was performed twice at 28-day intervals, with 1 mL vaccine (1 dose) injected via a deep intramuscular route on the animals’ necks. Blood samples were collected at 0, 7, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, and 84 days post vaccination in pigs for serological assays. (a–c) IgG concentration (a); IgM concentration (b); IgA concentration (c). The data represent the mean ± SEM of triplicate measurements (n = 4 or 6/group). Statistical analyses were performed using two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. p < 0.05; p < 0.01; p < 0.001; and **p < 0.001.	PMC9240001	41541_2022_496_Fig6_HTML.jpg
0.413121	34e167dbae3942a89897cbc30ede357a	O PA2-C3d and A22-C3d induced the gene expression of cytokine and co-stimulatory molecules in porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells.Porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from the whole blood of vaccinated pigs (n = 5/group) as described in Fig. 4a were used for qRT-PCR assays. Gene expression levels were normalized to HPRT levels and are presented as a relative ratio compared to control levels. (a–v) Gene expression levels of IFNα (a); IFNβ (b); IFNγ (c); IL-1β (d); IL-17A (e); IL-23p19 (f); IL-23R (g); IL-2 (h); IL-10 (i); TGFβ (j); IL-4 (k); IL-6 (l); CD40 (m); CD80 (n); CD86 (o); MHC class I (p); MHC class II (q); CTLA4 (r); CD21 (s); CD28 (t); ICOS (u); AHNAK (v). Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. p < 0.05; p < 0.01; p < 0.001; and **p < 0.001.	PMC9240001	41541_2022_496_Fig7_HTML.jpg
0.440261	d77afdd973124bd1841a294cbf794c41	Dietary MOS decreased the mortality of juvenile M. amblycephala post–bacterial infection. Different letters indicated significant differences among groups (P < 0.05).	PMC9240629	fimmu-13-863657-g001.jpg
0.396944	b117055c0e344e29a7015cbbd3d15327	Effects of MOS supplementation on the activities of hepatic antimicrobial and antioxidant enzymes of juvenile M. amblycephala. (A–F) showed the enzymes activity of ACP, AKP, LZM, GST, SOD, and CAT, respectively. The asterisks indicated statistically significant differences among different groups at a certain time point (P < 0.05).	PMC9240629	fimmu-13-863657-g002.jpg
0.447867	793ad11be015470ea598c1a4d87b5b7c	Effects of MOS supplementation on the intestinal histological structures of juvenile M. amblycephala by H&E staining. (A–C) Mid-intestine sections of control, MOS200, and MOS400 groups at 0 hpi, respectively. (D–F) Sections at 12 hpi. (G–I) Sections at 24 hpi. (J–L) Sections at 72 hpi. The pathological symptoms were marked with triangle. Scale bars represented 50 µm (400×).	PMC9240629	fimmu-13-863657-g003.jpg
0.39593	f4b2873fe92d47f9b650b5e278597f1b	Effects of MOS supplementation on the numbers of intestinal goblet cells by AB-PAS staining. (A–C) Mid-intestine sections of control, MOS200, and MOS400 groups at 0 hpi, respectively. (D–F) Sections at 12 hpi. (G–I) Sections at 24 hpi. (J–L) Sections at 72 hpi. Goblet cells were marked with triangle. Scale bars represented 50 µm (200×).	PMC9240629	fimmu-13-863657-g004.jpg
0.441434	d42703c561ce4ae7a19fed2885c26215	Effects of MOS supplementation on the intestinal ultrastructure of M. amblycephala by TEM assay. (A–C) Mid-intestine sections of control, MOS200, and MOS400 groups at 0 hpi, respectively. (D–F) Sections at 24 hpi. G, goblet cell. Scale bars represented 2 µm (8,000×).	PMC9240629	fimmu-13-863657-g005.jpg
0.425829	0b4d39a9540f48caac7d5d5d868e10ab	Expression patterns of M. amblycephala intestinal immune and tight junction related genes in the three groups upon infection. The detected genes including MR (A), p38α (B), p38β (C), PKC (D), TNFα (E), IL-1β (F), IL-6 (G), CXCL8 (H), Muc2 (I), Occludin (J), Claudin-1 (K), and ZO-1 (L), and GAPDH was selected as the reference gene. Data were shown as mean ± SE, differences were determined by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The asterisks indicated statistically significant differences among different groups at a certain time point (P < 0.05).	PMC9240629	fimmu-13-863657-g006.jpg
0.483762	aa4da559ddd64602959e35b74c5f9155	Venn diagram analysis of OTU numbers in the control and MOS400 groups.	PMC9240629	fimmu-13-863657-g007.jpg
0.384521	7a4f6f13bdcb404aa534923790ea46fa	Comparison of gut microbial composition between the control and MOS400 groups with weighted UniFrac PCoA analysis (A) and non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) diagram (B).	PMC9240629	fimmu-13-863657-g008.jpg
0.411969	5f226fe6423b4f24a5eb0b0a29bc36b3	Dietary MOS affected the gut microbial composition of juvenile M. amblycephala. Relative abundance of gut microbiota at phylum (A), genus (B), and species (C) levels.	PMC9240629	fimmu-13-863657-g009.jpg
0.511591	ea3828e941a54e03988ab9ee84263d18	Cladogram revealing the polygenetic distribution of bacterial lineages associated with different groups. Different colors indicated different groups; nodes in red or green represented the microbiome that played important roles in the control or MOS400 groups, whereas yellow nodes indicating the microbiome were not vital in both groups. The circles were in order of phylum, class, order, family, and genus levels from inside to outside.	PMC9240629	fimmu-13-863657-g010.jpg
0.433548	b7caa93f6a5e4bada463b8899af75d40	Minimum spanning network (MSN) showing the relationships between the multilocus genotype (MLG) from this study and other Brazilian MLGs from previous studies. The MSN are based on MLGs defined by 15 microsatellite markers. Each circle represents a unique MLG. The size of each circle corresponds to the number of individuals, and the colours indicate different ecotypes. Thick and dark lines show MLGs that are more closely related to each other.	PMC9241165	1678-8060-mioc-117-e210302-gf.jpg
0.451461	8cd10f7569ea454b9bf6afcb420965ad	Percent of eligible patients scheduled for a vaccination, by week of intervention. Time in which each Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycle was completed is represented by the vertical dotted lines.	PMC9241562	jmq-37-348-g001.jpg
0.417924	7bc0d673ead441109790fa269f9382f9	Newport, Oregon, micro-sewersheds. (A) Location and name of the 22 pump stations and their associated micro-sewersheds sampled in Newport. (B) Flow chart depicting the hierarchical relationships between pump stations. The arrow from Northside to Influent PS represents a forced main running under the Yaquina Bay and southward toward the WWTP. Map tiles by Stamen Design, under CC BY 3.0. Basemap data by OpenStreetMap, under ODbL. Note: PS, pump station; WWTP, wastewater treatment plant.	PMC9241984	ehp10289_f1.jpg
0.397927	49531b9c839147fcb0b5179728b463ec	Wastewater concentrations vs. reported COVID-19 cases or estimated prevalence. (A) Log10 of wastewater SARS-CoV-2 concentrations (gene copies per liter of wastewater) vs. the log10 of weekly reported COVID-19 cases (reported by ZIP code), (B) log10 of wastewater SARS-CoV-2 concentrations vs. the log10 of estimated prevalence, and (C) log10 of weekly reported COVID-19 cases (reported by ZIP code) vs. the log10 of estimated prevalence for Bend (blue triangles), Corvallis (orange circles), Eugene (green squares), Hermiston (pink diamonds), Newport (black diamonds), and Redmond (purple squares), Oregon. See Table 3 for corresponding numeric values and upper and lower bounds on 95% intervals for estimated prevalence per 10,000 values. See Table S6 for corresponding wastewater SARS-CoV-2 concentration numeric values and standard errors. See Table S8 for corresponding case count numeric data. Prevalence estimates were calculated using design-weighted estimators appropriate to the respective community sampling design when positive cases were identified or using a beta-binomial Bayesian model when zero positive cases were found. Note: gc, gene copies.	PMC9241984	ehp10289_f2.jpg
0.430279	bbdb34441e6a4d6c89bf9692092f5441	Estimated prevalence vs. wastewater concentration and reported cases with uncertainty from Monte Carlo Simulations. (A) Log10 of wastewater SARS-CoV-2 concentrations (gene copies per liter of wastewater) vs. the log10 of estimated prevalence, where the regression line from observed data is shown as a dashed black line. Horizontal and vertical segments indicate 1 SE or a 68% credible interval. The gray band is made up of individual regression lines from Monte Carlo simulations. (B) Log10 of wastewater SARS-CoV-2 concentrations vs. the log10 of reported cases, where the regression line from observed data is shown as a dashed black line. Vertical segments indicate 1 SE or a 68% credible interval. The gray band is made up of individual regression lines from Monte Carlo simulations of individual regression lines from Monte Carlo simulations. Prevalence estimates were calculated using design-weighted estimators appropriate to the respective community sampling design when positive cases were identified or using a beta-binomial Bayesian model when zero positive cases were found. See Table 3 for corresponding numeric values and upper and lower bounds on 95% intervals for estimated prevalence per 10,000 values. See Table S6 for corresponding wastewater SARS-CoV-2 concentration numeric values and SEs. See Table S8 for corresponding case count numeric data. Note: SE, standard error.	PMC9241984	ehp10289_f3.jpg
0.416608	2e2562c91ae84e4a9c8b11f4c270c232	COVID-19 burden heat maps. (A,D) Wastewater SARS-CoV-2 concentrations, (B,E) percentage positivity from random door-to-door nasal swab sampling events, and (C,F) percentage reported cases per capita of the 22 micro-sewersheds sampled in Newport, Oregon. Wastewater and nasal swab sampling events were conducted during (A–C) 18–19 June 2020 and (D–F) 8–9 July 2020; reported case windows were the 10 d prior to and including the sampling periods. See Table S5 for corresponding wastewater SARS-CoV-2 concentration (WBE) numeric values and 95% CIs. See Table S7 for corresponding positivity (TRACE) and reported cases per capita (Cases) percentages. Map tiles by Stamen Design, under CC BY 3.0. Basemap data by OpenStreetMap, under ODbL. Note: CI, confidence interval; TRACE, Team-based Rapid Assessment of community-level Coronavirus Epidemics (project); WBE, wastewater-based epidemiology.	PMC9241984	ehp10289_f4.jpg
0.376088	888baaf65a1a4365a2e860c7783a6796	Spatial distribution of SARS-CoV-2 variants. The percentage sequence reads of variants (A) B.1.399/NA and (B) B.1/NB located within the various Newport, Oregon, micro-sewershed boundaries during the 18–19 June 2020 prevalence sampling event. Sequences were obtained from both micro-sewershed wastewater, as well as random door-to-door nasal swab sampling events. See Table 4 for corresponding numeric data. Map tiles by Stamen Design, under CC BY 3.0. Basemap data by OpenStreetMap, under ODbL. Note: WWTP, wastewater treatment plant.	PMC9241984	ehp10289_f5.jpg
0.453479	8c4f704c68e84b9f87f05105bd3ef637	SARS-CoV-2 variant temporal distribution. (A) The average estimated percentage viral sequence reads of the indicated SARS-CoV-2 variant RNAs and the log10 SARS-CoV-2 concentrations quantified in the Vance Avery Wastewater Treatment Plant influent (Newport, Oregon) from 10 June to 2 December 2020. Each data point represents the mean of measurements collected during the week beginning on the date shown. Sequence data from some dates derived from a single measurement, and standard errors are expected to be comparable to those shown in Table 4. (B) Percentage of all variants of the indicated lineages among SARS-CoV-2 sequences from samples collected in Oregon during the week beginning on the indicated date and deposited in GISAID. Note: GISAID, Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data.	PMC9241984	ehp10289_f6.jpg
0.454293	6ac1e7cba83846d6acff16fcd1dfd6a6	Surgical wound classification guideline for Otolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery	PMC9242420	WJO2-8-139-g001.jpg
0.536746	b092d6a303ad4078bf01926884592394	Correlation between miR-223 and miR-192.	PMC9242775	ECAM2022-2826115.001.jpg
0.484102	9a522dc91d234ce4bd0f79c3d2f4dbfa	Model adequacy plots of bioflocculation activity (a) predicted response vs experimental response; (b) normal plot of residuals; (c) residuals vs predicted, and (d) outlier t plot.	PMC9243052	41598_2022_15193_Fig1_HTML.jpg
0.413164	aaf6777a076b4cb792a9a7aa91092f55	Surface plots of the influence of pertinent variables on the bioflocculation activity.	PMC9243052	41598_2022_15193_Fig2_HTML.jpg
0.53476	1c2285033eb444db8e492e196c5be3c4	TGA/DTA analysis of purified bioflocculant.	PMC9243052	41598_2022_15193_Fig3_HTML.jpg
0.445149	a2b85c6192bb499fb1332252a9e4fae2	FTIR spectrum of purified bioflocculant.	PMC9243052	41598_2022_15193_Fig4_HTML.jpg
0.457205	622db2070af54f63b3f88fbdb45295d4	(a) SEM image and (b) EDX analysis of purified bioflocculant.	PMC9243052	41598_2022_15193_Fig5_HTML.jpg
0.537491	17331214ff2c4b75af090e1cc5a9e4e4	The effect of concentration on the treatment of brewery wastewater. The percentage of flocculating activities of different alphabetic letters differs significantly (p < 0.05).	PMC9243052	41598_2022_15193_Fig6_HTML.jpg
0.445678	1717fe3564044da1a338e1c7d161a30d	The trace plots for the models.Note: Asian = 1, Black or African American = 2, Hispanic or Latino = 3, Caucasian = 4, Native American or American Indian = 5, Pacific Islander = 6, Other = 7.	PMC9244435	41599_2022_1225_Fig1_HTML.jpg
0.35777	ea57c20a9a8a4863a21d698560421626	The trace rank plots for the models.Note: Asian = 1, Black or African American = 2, Hispanic or Latino = 3, Caucasian = 4, Native American or American Indian = 5, Pacific Islander = 6, Other = 7.	PMC9244435	41599_2022_1225_Fig2_HTML.jpg
0.420131	6b2eac1eece446b08ba31b80b55e52b5	Model comparison.	PMC9244435	41599_2022_1225_Fig3_HTML.jpg

0.411373

98c025ebbda8448e84b6762c423f1eec

Examples from Caltech-UCSD-Birds (CUB) dataset.

PMC9225515

jimaging-08-00171-g003.jpg

0.762573

42bca1fb842841d3a65389be15c4b8ae

Examples from SUN Attribute (SUN) dataset.

PMC9225515

jimaging-08-00171-g004.jpg

0.426526

2d3c9d437fba4ac3a2d930adaefc2e4b

This figure visualizes the image feature space of the AwA-1 dataset (each color denotes a label), (a) shows t-SNE real test data visualization and (b) shows the test data generated from the proposed approach.

PMC9225515

jimaging-08-00171-g005.jpg

0.426781

a3cae514f9a14cc6886af0599e00ef7f

Nanostructure of QAC-encapsulated plasmid DNA. Number-based representative DLS data (a) and Zeta potential (b) of QAC-SARS-CoV-2 S nanoparticles at 25 °C with Zetasizer software. (c) Viability of HEK 293T cells 72 h post addition of increasing amounts of pQAC-Luc as measured using MTT assay. (d) Expression of luciferase 72 h post addition of increasing amounts of pQAC-Luc. (e) Sustained release kinetics of packaged DNA in vitro measured at pH-7.4, 37 °C. (f) Expression of luciferase from released pCAG-Luc used in the release kinetics assay in comparison to fresh pCAG-Luc.

PMC9227431

viruses-14-01262-g001a.jpg

0.413122

fc2f62f99fcc4793ae481b0a06872280

Efficient internalization of QAC nanoparticles by J774 cells. Cell monolayers were incubated with Cy3-labeled (a) unencapsulated or (b) QAC encapsulated labeled DNA (green) for 4 or 24 h and stained for actin (Alexa phalloidin 546, red). DAPI (blue) was used to stain the nucleus. Representative images were captured by LSCM. Scale bars = 5 μm.

PMC9227431

viruses-14-01262-g002.jpg

0.403247

79b57501c999471b9e415c7da032f3ee

Generation of humoral immune responses in K18-hACE2 mice following immunization with different vaccine constructs. (a) Outline for vaccine construct and immunization protocol using groups of K18-hACE2 mice vaccinated with 2 doses of pQAC-CoV (IN) or pQAC-CoV (IM) with 6-week interval. Another group of K18-hACE2 mice were vaccinated with pQAC-CoV (IN) at week-0, followed by boost with MVA-CoV (IN) at week-6. (b) Serum neutralization (NAb) titer of wild-type SARS-CoV-2, isolate USA-WA1/2020, (c) bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) neutralization titer of wild-type SARS-CoV-2, isolate USA-WA1/2020 and (d) serum NAb titer of wild-type SARS-CoV-2, isolate USA-WA1/2020 in comparison to UK (B.1.1.7) and SA (B.1.351) variants. Significance (*, p < 0.05, **, p < 0.01) was determined by ANOVA. Data show mean ± SEM.

PMC9227431

viruses-14-01262-g003.jpg

0.464607

07c5f0aef9a5493894d2d6158f3d58ff

SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific T-cell responses in lungs of vaccinated K18-hACE2 mice. Intracellular cytokine staining was performed on lungs harvested 3 weeks after final boost to assess T-cell responses. (a) Type 1 helper (Th1) responses (IFN-γ or TNFα or IL-2+); (b) type 2 helper (Th2) responses (IL-13+); (c) type 17 helper (Th17) responses (IL-17+); (d) type 1 cytotoxic (Tc1) responses (IFN-γ or TNFα or IL-2+); (e) type 2 cytotoxic (Tc2) responses (IL-13+); (f) type 17 cytotoxic (Tc17) responses (IL-17+) intracellular cytokine staining assays for lung T-cells in response to recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike stimulation. Significance (**, p < 0.01) was determined by ANOVA compared to PBS controls. Data show mean ± SEM.

PMC9227431

viruses-14-01262-g004.jpg

0.466287

6e618f702435467eb52f5a246cbbc525

Protective efficacy of QAC-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in K18-hACE2 mice. Three weeks following final immunization, K18-hACE2 mice were intranasally infected with 1 × 104 PFU of SARS-CoV-2. (a,c) Weight loss and (b,d) survival outcomes at 6 days post-challenge (dpc) in K18-hACE2 transgenic mice. Data from follow-up trial depicted in c and d. Weight loss data show median with error (95% CI). Survivability significance (*, p < 0.05) was determined by Mantel–Cox log rank test. Survivability data show mean ± SEM.

PMC9227431

viruses-14-01262-g005.jpg

0.477301

cd3c473f52634995bad27c954497b9e7

pQAC-CoV administration reduces lung tissue titer. SARS-CoV-2 titers in the lungs of vaccinated mice at 4 (a,c) and 6 (b,d) days post-infection (dpi). Data from follow-up trial depicted in (c,d). Significance (**, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001; ****, p < 0.0001) or non-significance (ns) was determined by ANOVA compared to PBS controls (a,b) or Student’s t-test (c,d). Data show mean ± SEM.

PMC9227431

viruses-14-01262-g006.jpg

0.569143

0db1df3b70944821bef8c3270e79a48f

Parenteral pQAC-CoV administration prevents viral dissemination to the brain. SARS-CoV-2 titers in the brains of vaccinated mice at 4 (a,c) and 6 (b,d) days post-infection (dpi). Viral titers measured using SARS-CoV-2 specific qRT-PCR (a,b) or infectious assay using VERO E6 cells (c,d). Data from follow-up trial depicted in c and d. Significance (*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001) or non-significance (ns) was determined by ANOVA compared to PBS controls (a,b) or Student’s t-test (c,d). Data show mean ± SEM.

PMC9227431

viruses-14-01262-g007.jpg

0.523633

20240b7322f6412aa96e62ed77c58462

Histopathologic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in K18-hACE2 transgenic mice immunized with QAC-based vaccines. Histology of fixed lung tissues, 6 days after SARS-CoV-2 infection. H&E-stained tissues (n = 5 per group). Representative images of SARS-CoV-2-infected mice that received (a) PBS, (b) pQAC-CoV (IN), (c) pQAC-CoV (IM) or (d) pQAC/MVA-CoV (IN). Interstitial lung disease was reduced in the pQAC-CoV (IM). Scale bar, 50 or 100 μm. (e) Histopathologic scoring of lung tissues. Tissues from all four groups were ordinally scored for lung lesions. Error bars represent the SEM. ***, p < 0.001, one-way ANOVA.

PMC9227431

viruses-14-01262-g008a.jpg

0.427619

8a2153b5cdb349ac8b1b568aace69fd7

Two versions of the IPMA used in this study. (a) Version A. (b) Version B.

PMC9228002

sensors-22-04341-g001.jpg

0.438744

c1a5646fd3f847b0b428b47ec4bba607

Details of the experiments with the IPMA. In (a), an individual inserting his/her arm; in (b), the detail of the structure where the hand is placed to measure body temperature and oxygen saturation; in (c), a photo of the oximeter display. The upper number (right in the image) is the oxygen saturation, and the bottom number (left in the image) is the heart rate. There is a silicone cover on the power button to avoid the linear actuator damaging the oximeter.

PMC9228002

sensors-22-04341-g002.jpg

0.441899

18122575ceaa4ae7b56f244b08d33e18

Version B with UV-C applied.

PMC9228002

sensors-22-04341-g003.jpg

0.526316

bef6a16207734eb49aff9a42fde0f0d0

Possible states of the oximeter display. (a) Complete reading procedure and points (in green) needed for the oximeter image alignment; (b) oximeter turned off; (c) incomplete reading procedure.

PMC9228002

sensors-22-04341-g004.jpg

0.428118

357d838157ea4047b47e00a32bcab8fc

Samples generated using image transformations.

PMC9228002

sensors-22-04341-g005.jpg

0.384612

1873a549d26e4d179f1e949b76e671b7

Processing steps for the oximeter display images. (a) The oximeter image taken by the camera; (b) the ANN output points marked in red; (c) the resulting warping procedure given the VGG16 points; (d) flipping the image to generate the final image.

PMC9228002

sensors-22-04341-g006.jpg

0.485813

457623f7edc1436e8e1db3b04edeab93

Diagram of the OCR recognition algorithm using the aligned image (the oximeter display in this example) to search for key pixels applying template matching and return the displayed value in text format.

PMC9228002

sensors-22-04341-g007.jpg

0.392137

d91c3929d90b458fba34c05a9492fb24

Block diagram of the machine learning algorithms used in this study. (a) Cough signal; (b) speech signal; (c) heart rate, body temperature, and SpO2.

PMC9228002

sensors-22-04341-g008.jpg

0.478835

6be7ea36c28e4258a7a8565ce8ca9256

Ecuadorian volunteers taking the tests with the IPMA.

PMC9228002

sensors-22-04341-g0A1.jpg

0.450615

728ef59731ad4259ba89a1f28272f60a

Brazilian volunteers taking the tests with the IPMA.

PMC9228002

sensors-22-04341-g0A2.jpg

0.429493

31f6fbdc777e48e9a111011be8867fb7

SEM images of the transversal cryo-cleaved of the PP-based and PLA-based composite fibers filled with 10 wt.% CNFs at different scales (a,c,d), of PP transcrystallites formed around the nanofillers (b).

PMC9229486

polymers-14-02362-g001.jpg

0.426438

9742003e6bbc4c6986f98005d6820d66

Dependences of the logarithm of electrical resistivity on the concentration of carbon nanofibers for composite fibers based on PP and PLA matrices: the black dotted lines separating the lg (ρ) dependences into sections (I–IV) characterize the different nature of the change in electrical resistance; green dotted lines characterize the upper limits of the electrical resistance values that provide the material with antistatic or shielding properties. The insert demonstrates the nature of the formation of a conducting cluster in a polymer matrix.

PMC9229486

polymers-14-02362-g002.jpg

0.491131

025e7c92fc644995926de858ef3b06b0

PRISMA Flow Diagram.

PMC9231241

sports-10-00085-g001.jpg

0.449421

3140bb31889046debd23ce45959de9a5

Changes of serum creatinine according to times after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination and steroid pulses.

PMC9235455

kjt-35-4-253-f1.jpg

0.466252

de99faae3e4e4e3483fb591609d0e521

Hematoxylin and eosin (A; ×200) and periodic acid-Schiff (B; ×400) staining of a kidney allograft with acute T cell-mediated rejection (grade IB). Both stainings showed severe tubulitis and interstitial inflammation. The allograft biopsy specimen was evaluated for histologic characteristics according to the Banff 2019 criteria as follows: i3, t3, ti3, v0, g1, ci1, ct1, cg0, ptc0, mm1, cv1, ah0, i-IFTA2, t-IFTA3, ptc0, c4d0, aah0, pvl0.

PMC9235455

kjt-35-4-253-f2.jpg

0.489039

27af76684d24403a8c66e357fbfa0e68

Examples of endoperoxide-containing natural products.

PMC9235837

Beilstein_J_Org_Chem-18-707-g002.jpg

0.460416

e67a49fe02f642c582aafc49b6eae62d

Structures of COXs [52–53]. (A) The overall structure of ovine COX-1. (B and C) Comparison of the cyclooxygenase sites of (B) COX-1 and (C) COX-2 in complex with AA. Yellow dashed lines show hydrogen bond interactions. The blue dashed line shows the distance between Tyr385 and C13 of AA.

PMC9235837

Beilstein_J_Org_Chem-18-707-g003.jpg

0.405503

3dd9ce0d5f044bec952944b286de9eb7

Structure of FtmOx1 [71]. (A) The FtmOx1 binary structure in complex with 2OG. (B and C) Comparison of the active site architectures between (B) the binary structure and (C) the ternary structure. Blue dashed lines show the distances between atoms and yellow dashed lines represent hydrogen bond interactions. Grey dashed lines show the coordination of the iron atom. Iron atoms are depicted by orange spheres.

PMC9235837

Beilstein_J_Org_Chem-18-707-g004.jpg

0.420937

8beb1bacda16409b871983dd23ebe299

Structure of NvfI [28]. (A–C) Conformational changes of loop regions: (A) open conformation, (B) partially closed conformation, and (C) closed conformation of NvfI. (D) The active site of NvfI in complex with asnovolin A. Blue dashed lines show the distances between atoms and yellow dashed lines represent hydrogen bond interactions. Iron atoms are depicted by orange spheres.

PMC9235837

Beilstein_J_Org_Chem-18-707-g005.jpg

0.493713

658a7b94c4ae494e86b744b7209b08ad

Reactions of COXs.

PMC9235837

Beilstein_J_Org_Chem-18-707-g006.jpg

0.409772

99802b464221494ab74ab4295c9fee4a

Proposed reaction mechanisms of COXs [24].

PMC9235837

Beilstein_J_Org_Chem-18-707-g007.jpg

0.492327

d250055d9804440a8a7a20cde74ebecd

General reaction mechanism of Fe/2OG oxygenases.

PMC9235837

Beilstein_J_Org_Chem-18-707-g008.jpg

0.448379

c2f8cbdeb5eb44149fcf492d0823d5a9

Reaction of FtmOx1 [68–71].

PMC9235837

Beilstein_J_Org_Chem-18-707-g009.jpg

0.466863

a74fecfe2ee647d7864cde36124bd484

Proposed COX-like mechanism of FtmOx1 [68].

PMC9235837

Beilstein_J_Org_Chem-18-707-g010.jpg

0.403489

3b5df60c40774527837602b70bcd79c0

Proposed CarC-like mechanism of FtmOx1 [70].

PMC9235837

Beilstein_J_Org_Chem-18-707-g011.jpg

0.427475

a6bd74b854404a9b860d713b1466a261

Reaction of NvfI [28].

PMC9235837

Beilstein_J_Org_Chem-18-707-g012.jpg

0.386447

5d990046ea9f44b0a15c96f8dcbae176

Possible reaction pathways leading to fumigatonoid A [28].

PMC9235837

Beilstein_J_Org_Chem-18-707-g013.jpg

0.391278

0a5e3e15e70a4a648fe64acbcd373b06

Another possible reaction pathway for the formation of fumigatonoid A [28].

PMC9235837

Beilstein_J_Org_Chem-18-707-g014.jpg

0.429242

25931fa8d7c24cb090960581bc7d12e2

DMSO alleviates radiation-induced testicular injury and enhances seminiferous epithelium regeneration after irradiation. (a) The image of harvested testis and (b) the calculated testis index at 60 d post-IR. (c) Representative images of the H&E- and MVH- (DDX4) stained testis at the indicated days post-IR. Scale bar = 100 μm. (d, e) Quantitative analysis of the diameter and the epithelial thickness of seminiferous tubules at various time points post-IR. Error bars indicate mean ± SD (n = 3). ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, and ∗∗∗p < 0.001. Student's t-tests were used to determine statistical significance in (a), (d), and (e).

PMC9236762

OMCL2022-9137812.001.jpg

0.422606

70668d46e95340a59495dc26d069e9ea

DMSO reverses the decline of sperm quantity and quality after irradiation. (a) Representative images of the H&E-stained epididymis at 60 d post-IR. Scale bar = 50 μm. (b) Sperm counts at the indicated time points after irradiation. (c) Representative images of eosin-stained sperms before or 45 d after irradiation; normal and abnormal sperm are indicated by gray and blue arrows, respectively (scale bar = 50 μm). (d) Percent of abnormal sperm at the indicated time points after irradiation. Error bars indicate mean ± SD (n = 3). ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, and ∗∗∗p < 0.001. Student's t-tests were used to determine statistical significance in (b) and (d).

PMC9236762

OMCL2022-9137812.002.jpg

0.431489

d6410c7c408c4b9bb1ea7d780584c1c7

DMSO radioprotects germ cells in vivo and in vitro. (a) Representative images of the Ki67-stained testis and (b) quantitative analysis are shown at the indicated days post-IR. Scale bar = 50 μm. (c) Cell survival was detected by CCK-8 after irradiation at various dosages (0-14 Gy). Data from all irradiated samples were normalized to unirradiated samples, and percentages of viable cells were plotted. (d) Representative images of cell plates showing colonies derived from DMSO- or vehicle-treated GC-2 cells either left unirradiated or irradiated with 10 Gy and 12 Gy. (e) Quantitative analysis showing the percentages of surviving colonies. Error bars indicate mean ± SD (n = 3). ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001, and ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001. Student's t-tests were used to determine statistical significance in (b), (c), and (e).

PMC9236762

OMCL2022-9137812.003.jpg

0.430449

aec735b64fae4ea79ebf939919fcfc5f

DMSO improves spermatogonial stem cells and spermatogonia survival after irradiation. (a) Representative images of the GFRα-1-stained testis within 120 d after irradiation; GFRα-1-positive cells are indicated by blue arrows. (b) Quantitative analysis is shown at the indicated days post-IR. Scale bar = 50 μm. (c) Representative images of the c-Kit-stained testis and (d) quantitative analysis are shown at the indicated days post-IR. Scale bar = 50 μm. Error bars indicate mean ± SD (n = 3). ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, and ∗∗∗p < 0.001. Student's t-tests were used to determine statistical significance in (b) and (d).

PMC9236762

OMCL2022-9137812.004.jpg

0.386048

725de624e88e40b9b803be460b042034

DMSO suppresses radiation-induced germ cell apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. (a) Representative images of the TUNEL-stained testis 12 h post-IR, scale bar = 50 μm. (b) Quantification of TUNEL-positive cells. (c) Representative images of the cleaved caspase-3-stained testis 12 h post-IR, scale bar = 50 μm. (d) Quantification of cleaved caspase-3-positive cells. (e) Representative flow cytometric analysis of apoptosis in GC-2 cells 24 h post-IR. (f) Percentages of Annexin V-positive GC-2 cells. Error bars indicate mean ± SD (n = 4). ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗∗p < 0.001. Student's t-tests were used to determine statistical significance in (b), (d), and (f).

PMC9236762

OMCL2022-9137812.005.jpg

0.443978

dd55674cb94e4469a42eae9c272489c9

DMSO alleviates radiation-induced oxidative stress in vivo and in vitro. (a) Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and (b) the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the testis at 6 h post-IR were determined. (c) Representative flow cytometric analysis of ROS in GC-2 cells 12 h post-IR. (d) Quantification of percentages of the ROS-positive GC-2 cells. Error bars indicate mean ± SD (n = 3). ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001. Student's t-tests were used to determine statistical significance in (a), (b), and (d).

PMC9236762

OMCL2022-9137812.006.jpg

0.418099

3a50910527314b778c8a5c59e5588a30

DMSO facilitates DNA damage repair with a bias toward homologous recombination. (a) The testis was harvested 12 h after irradiation and stained with γ-H2AX. Images were taken with a confocal microscope; γ-H2AX foci are shown (b). (c) The testis was harvested at 0 h, 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h post-IR. WB analysis was performed to examine the protein levels of γ-H2AX, RAD51, BRCA1, and p-BRCA1. Vinculin was used as a loading control. (d) GC-2 cells were harvested at 0 h, 0.5 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h after irradiation and stained with γ-H2AX. γ-H2AX foci are shown in green, and DAPI is colored in blue. Images were taken with a confocal microscope. (e) Quantitative analysis of γ-H2AX foci in GC-2 cells. (f) GC-2 cells were harvested at 0 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h after irradiation, and WB analysis was performed to examine the protein levels of γ-H2AX, RAD51, BRCA1, and p-BRCA1. Vinculin was used as a loading control. Error bars indicate mean ± SD (n = 3). ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001, and ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001. Student's t-tests were used to determine statistical significance in (b) and (e).

PMC9236762

OMCL2022-9137812.007.jpg

0.436613

333d895a882748d4a0916f991921fb85

Proposed mechanisms underlying the radioprotective effect of DMSO in the mouse testis.

PMC9236762

OMCL2022-9137812.008.jpg

0.489167

1428bef922d14db4a18280aa64aff22f

(A) Annual intake and (B) annual outcomes for animals entering the shelters in the sample population (n = 1,373) from 2016 to 2020.

PMC9237517

fvets-09-863990-g0001.jpg

0.5292

8ad2ca543706471fbec2851bf0582bc4

(A) Annual intake and (B) annual outcomes for dogs entering the shelters in the sample population (n = 1,131) from 2016 to 2020.

PMC9237517

fvets-09-863990-g0002.jpg

0.466949

7950595a9d5d42bb9ee1ed1310a6cc4c

(A) Annual intake and (B) annual outcomes for cats entering the shelters in the sample population (n = 1,101) from 2016 to 2020.

PMC9237517

fvets-09-863990-g0003.jpg

0.464906

951f3fe47a8b4b478aa7c0e48b22d513

Identification of differentially expressed genes between E+ and E− tissues under cold stress. Samples were: E+MS (endophyte positive, morning, pseudostem), E+ML (endophyte positive, morning, leaf blade), E+NS (endophyte positive, afternoon, pseudostem), E + NL (endophyte positive, afternoon, leaf blade), E+ES (endophyte positive, evening, pseudostem), E+EL (endophyte positive, evening, leaf blade), E−MS (endophyte-free, morning, pseudostem), E−ML (endophyte-free, morning, leaf blade), E−NS (endophyte-free, afternoon, pseudostem), E−NL (endophyte-free, afternoon, leaf blade), E−ES (endophyte-free, evening, pseudostem), and E−EL (endophyte-free, evening, leaf blade).

PMC9237612

fpls-13-803400-g001.jpg

0.413651

b252e28c191647a5a73d0ed6c0da81d3

Visualization of differential gene expression pattern among E+MS vs. E−MS, E+ML vs. E−ML, E+NS vs. E−NS, E+NL vs. E−NL, E+ES vs. E−ES, and E+EL vs. E−EL using DiVenn program. The red and blue nodes represent up- and downregulated genes, respectively. The yellow node represents upregulated in one dataset but downregulated in the other dataset. Abbreviations of the samples are the same as in Figure 1.

PMC9237612

fpls-13-803400-g002.jpg

0.432105

df3e81ee89e0430085b98bc6f36086de

Hierarchical clustering analysis of all differentially expressed genes from six comparisons. Each column represents a different sample with subject to endophyte status, cold stress, and tissue type. Red represents upregulated; blue, downregulated; and white, no change. Abbreviations of the samples are the same as in Figure 1.

PMC9237612

fpls-13-803400-g003.jpg

0.403801

dc4f88e3f519474fa2cc326da2e735b0

Top 10 significant GO terms in each of the six comparisons obtained using differentially expressed genes of rice orthologues. Significantly (p ≤ 0.01) enriched GO terms of (A)—biological process (BP), (B)—molecular function (MF) and (C)—cellular component (CC) are shown in x-axis and the number of genes of each GO term are displayed in y-axis. The GO terms for the biological process are (a) protein complex biogenesis, (b) protein complex assembly, (c) cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process, (d) macromolecular complex assembly, (e) amine metabolic process, (f) carbohydrate metabolic process, (g) small molecule metabolic process, (h) oxoacid metabolic process, (i) organic acid metabolic process, (j) carboxylic acid metabolic process, (k) cellular ketone metabolic process, (l) cellular amino acid metabolic process, (m) cellular carbohydrate metabolic process, (n) cellular amine metabolic process, (o) cellular amino acid and derivative metabolic process, (p) macromolecule localization, (q) localization, (r) tRNA metabolic process, (s) amino acid activation, (t) transport, (u) establishment of localization, (v) cellular component assembly, (w) protein localization, and (x) macromolecular complex subunit organization. The GO terms for the molecular function are: (a) nucleotide binding, (b) purine nucleotide binding, (c) protein tyrosine kinase activity, (d) nucleoside-triphosphatase activity, (e) pyrophosphatase activity, (f) hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides, in phosphorus-containing anhydrides, (g) hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides, (h) ATPase activity, (i) ATPase activity, coupled to transmembrane movement of substances, (j) ATPase activity, coupled to movement of substances, (k) hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides, catalyzing transmembrane movement of substances, (l) adenyl nucleotide binding, (m) purine nucleoside binding, (n) purine ribonucleotide binding, (o) ribonucleotide binding, and (p) substrate-specific transporter activity. The GO terms for the cellular component are: (a) membrane coat, (b) coated membrane, (c) membrane part, (d) membrane, (e) cell, (f) cell part, (g) cytoplasm, (h) protein complex, (i) macromolecular complex, (j) integral to membrane, (k) intrinsic to membrane, and (l) cytoplasm part. Abbreviations of the samples are the same as in Figure 1.

PMC9237612

fpls-13-803400-g004.jpg

0.389641

9f478dc0237744fbb20feb20bff118c7

The distribution of differentially expressed genes in KEGG pathways. The top 10 enriched KEGG pathways based on FDR-corrected value of p (p < 0.05) in each six comparisons, E+MS vs. E−MS, E+ML vs. E−ML, E+NS vs. E−NS, E+NL vs. E−NL, E+ES vs. E−ES, and E+EL vs. E−EL were displayed in y-axis and the number of DEGs under each KEGG pathways were displayed in x-axis. Abbreviations of the samples are the same as in Figure 1.

PMC9237612

fpls-13-803400-g005.jpg

0.402683

492bf55e6e7c487f866f0b754b83b706

Validation of RNA-seq data obtained from pseudostem of E+ and E− tall fescue collected at morning freezing temperatures through qRT-PCR analysis. The gene expression pattern was shown in x-axis and the log2 fold change value was shown in y-axis.

PMC9237612

fpls-13-803400-g006.jpg

0.412715

893abb80b5994d11a49c27ddd597e3b9

Overview of scDART. ascDART takes as input a scRNA-seq data batch, a scATAC-seq data batch, and a pre-defined GAM. It learns the latent embedding of integrated data from the two data batches and a more accurate gene activity function between regions and genes. This gene activity function can be used to predict scRNA-seq data from scATAC-seq data (the predicted scRNA-seq data is also called pseudo-scRNA-seq data). b The neural network structure of scDART. scDART includes two modules: (1) the gene activity function module is a fully-connected neural network. This module encodes the nonlinear regulatory relationship between regions and genes, and generate the pseudo-scRNA-seq data from scATAC-seq data. (2) The projection module takes in the scRNA-seq data and the pseudo-scRNA-seq data and generates the latent embedding of both modalities

PMC9238247

13059_2022_2706_Fig1_HTML.jpg

0.516445

3969a692141844a3ad9deebae6c6eddc

The results of scDART and baseline methods on the SNARE-seq mouse neonatal brain cortex dataset. a Latent embedding of scDART, Liger, Seurat, and UnionCom, visualized using PCA. Cells are colored with cell type annotation in the original paper. Red lines show the inferred trajectory backbone. All plots share the same legend as in the Liger plot. b Latent embedding of scDART, Seurat, Liger, and UnionCom, where cells are colored with data batches. All plots share the same legend as in the UnionCom plot. c Neighborhood overlap score. d Pseudotime consistency score, where Pearson correlation is used. e Pearson correlation between real-scRNA-seq and (y-axis) pseudo-scRNA-seq (predicted scRNA-seq from scATAC-seq data by scDART), (x-axis) linear transformation. 11 key DE genes are shown

PMC9238247

13059_2022_2706_Fig2_HTML.jpg

0.466229

6e3a36e76baf4bd7965cd1eecdc4084b

The results of scDART and baseline methods on the mouse endothelial cell development dataset. a–c Latent embedding of scDART, visualized using PCA. Cells are colored with (a) cell type annotation from original data paper, (b) data batches, and (c) inferred pseudotime. Red lines in (a) show the inferred trajectory backbone. d The latent embedding of Seurat, Liger, and UnionCom where cells are colored with cell type annotation from original data paper. All plots share the same legend as in the Liger plot. e The latent embedding of Seurat, Liger, and UnionCom where cells are colored with data batches. All plots share the same legend as in the Liger plot

PMC9238247

13059_2022_2706_Fig3_HTML.jpg

0.451759

cf0259850eed48b48b56f9735ad9f1f7

The results of scDART and baseline methods on the human hematopoiesis dataset. a Latent embedding of scDART, Liger, Seurat, and UnionCom. Cells are colored with cell type annotations from the original paper. Red lines show the inferred trajectory backbone. All plots share the same legend as in the Liger plot. b Latent embedding of scDART, Seurat, Liger, and UnionCom. Cells colored with data batches. All plots share the same legend as in the UnionCom plot. c The expression level of STMN1 and GAPDH along MEP lineage, and SATB1 and RUNX2 along CLP lineage. Cells are ordered on the x-axis according to the inferred pseudotime. d The deviation values (from ChromVAR) of differentially accessible motifs along MEP and CLP lineages. The black and red lines in (c) and (d) correspond to the fitted statistical models under alternative and null hypothesis, respectively, when conducting likelihood ratio test

PMC9238247

13059_2022_2706_Fig4_HTML.jpg

0.453377

5c5242ccfe5449609869cf1255b4be83

Performance of scDART on simulated datasets. a Ground truth trajectory topology of simulated continuous datasets. b The latent embedding of scDART from one simulated data with trifurcating trajectory backbone. Red lines show the inferred backbone, and arrows show the trajectory direction. Left: cells colored by the ground truth trajectory branches they belong to; Right: cells colored by the data batches. c, d Boxplots of F1-score and Kendall- τ score calculated from different methods. 3 datasets were used for each type of trajectory, and for each dataset scDART and scDART-anchor were run 3 times. Seurat and UnionCom have the same F1 score on all 3 datasets with bifurcating trajectory. e Violin plots of normalized MSE between pseudo-scRNA-seq and ground truth scRNA-seq. f Trajectory backbone learned from scRNA-seq when branch 4_3 has only 95 cells. g Trajectory backbone learned from scRNA-seq when branch 4_3 has 495 cells. h Trajectory backbone learned from latent embedding integrated by scDART where when branch 4_3 has 197 cells (95 from scRNA-seq and 102 from scATAC-seq). i The latent embedding of scDART on one dataset with discrete clusters. Left: cells colored with cell type annotations; Right: cells colored with data batches

PMC9238247

13059_2022_2706_Fig5_HTML.jpg

0.384172

8c618135c56c4368bb4ed451de627c24

Meta-analysis of Campylobacter-associated diarrhea revealed a significant locus on chromosome 8. Each dot represents a single variant, sorted by chromosomal location along the x-axis. The y axis is the −log10 P value in the meta-analysis of the two cohorts, PROVIDE and CBC. Each cohort was adjusted for sex, LAZ at birth, LAZ at 12 months, water treatment, and the top principal component. The red line indicates genome-wide significance (5 × 10−7).

PMC9239263

mbio.00556-22-f001.jpg

0.409689

679f0ceb26be445aaf942785715c7404

Genomic context. Each dot represents a single variant, ordered by position on chromosome 8 along the x-axis. The y axis on the left shows the -log10 P value from the meta-analysis, while the y axis on the right indicates the recombination rate in centimorgans per megabase. The colors indicate linkage disequilibrium (r2) between each variant and the highest-scoring SNP (rs13281104, shown in purple). The zoomed-in portion shows exons 5 to 7 of ARHGEF10 and the 22 variants in the LD block with P < 5 × 10−5 in the meta-analysis, colored by effect listed in GTEx. Red lines are CLN8 eQTLs in whole blood, blue lines are ARHGEF10 eQTLs in the brain, purple lines are eQTLs for both genes (CLN8 in blood and ARHGEF10 in the brain), and gray lines are not identified as significant eQTLs in GTEx. The pink bars along the bottom indicate the approximate locations of enhancers listed in GeneCards.

PMC9239263

mbio.00556-22-f002.jpg

0.417678

2412cb5dccb44da0ab0404f9e579b9d9

RNA-Seq Results for rs13281104. In each panel, GG genotype counts are in red, AA genotype counts are in green, and GA genotype counts are in blue. A significant difference in counts (P < 0.05) was found when comparing between those with GG and AA phenotypes in the Bangladeshi Adult cohort.

PMC9239263

mbio.00556-22-f003.jpg

0.398394

67c5f6cf838840e4b61bcd0066c8dbe7

Construction of the immune-enhancing FMDV vaccine strains, O PA2-C3d and A22-C3d.(a, b) O PA2-C3d (a); A22-C3d (b). The B cell epitope, C3d (with 13 amino acid residues in the VP1 region) is used to prepare the virus. The O PA2 (O PA2-R) or A22 (A22-R) P1 strains—where the P1 region of O1 Manisa is substituted with O PA2 P1 or A22 P1—are used as the backbone to prepare the immune-enhancing FMD vaccine strains that can overcome interference by maternally-derived antibodies.

PMC9240001

41541_2022_496_Fig1_HTML.jpg

0.530362

497bd536e7f9420fbaaf5019144b6db0

Vaccine efficacy and protective effects of O PA2-C3d and A22-C3d in mice.C57BL/6 mice (n = 5/group) were administered the test vaccine at 1/10, 1/40, 1/160, 1/640 doses of O PA2 or O PA2-C3d or A22 or A22-C3d antigen for cattle or pig use, ISA 206 (oil-based emulsion, 50%, w/w), 10% Al(OH)3, and 15 µg Quil-A. A negative control (NC) group was injected with the same volume of PBS. The test vaccines were injected intramuscularly into mice that were later challenged with FMDV type O (100 LD50 O/VET/2013) or FMDV type A (100 LD50 A/Malay/97) at 7 dpv. The survival rates and body weights were monitored for 7 dpc. (a–i) Experimental strategy (a); survival rates post-challenge with O/VET/2013 (b, d) or A/Malay/97 (f, h); changes in body weight post-challenge with O/VET/2013 (c, e) or A/Malay/97 (g, i). The data represent the mean ± SEM of triplicate measurements (n = 5/group).

PMC9240001

41541_2022_496_Fig2_HTML.jpg

0.497411

146e6a68f16748c3b6c5e3789afe4229

Vaccine efficacy and protective effects of a bivalent test vaccine containing the O PA2-C3d and A22-C3d antigens.C57BL/6 mice (n = 4/group) were administered the test vaccine at 1/10, 1/40, 1/160, 1/640 doses of O PA2 + A22 antigen or O PA2-C3d + A22-C3d antigen for cattle or pig use, ISA 206 (oil-based emulsion, 50%, w/w), 10% Al(OH)3, and 15 µg Quil-A. A negative control (NC) group was injected with the same volume of PBS. The test vaccines were injected intramuscularly into mice that were later challenged with FMDV type O (100 LD50 O/VET/2013) or FMDV type A (100 LD50 A/Malay/97) at 7 dpv. The survival rates and body weights were monitored for 7 dpc. (a–i) Experimental strategy (a); survival rates post-challenge with O/VET/2013 (b, d) or A/Malay/97 (f, h); changes in body weight post-challenge with O/VET/2013 (c, e) or A/Malay/97 (g, i). The data represent the mean ± SEM of triplicate measurements (n = 4/group).

PMC9240001

41541_2022_496_Fig3_HTML.jpg

0.404879

b08dc7a0e94e420e835b0370b1485712

Immune responses mediated by the immune-enhancing FMDV (O PA2-C3d and A22-C3d), as measured by SP O and SP A ELISA for overcoming interference by maternally-derived antibodies (MDA) in pigs.Pigs (8–9 weeks old) that were FMD antibody-seropositive (MDA(+), n = 16) or FMD antibody-seronegative (MDA(−), n = 16) animals were divided into three groups, respectively: a negative control group (NC, n = 4/group), a positive control group (PC, n = 6/group), and an experimental group (Exp., n = 6/group). The Exp. group were administered the test vaccines containing 15 μg (1 dose for cattle and pig use) O PA2-C3d + A22-C3d antigen with ISA 206 (oil-based emulsion, 50%, w/w), 10% Al(OH)3, and 150 μg Quil-A. The positive control group received 15 μg (1 dose for cattle and pig use) O PA2 + A22 antigen with ISA 206 (oil-based emulsion, 50%, w/w), 10% Al(OH)3, and 150 μg Quil-A. A negative control (NC) group was injected with the same volume of PBS. The vaccination was performed twice at 28-day intervals, with 1 mL vaccine (1 dose) injected via a deep intramuscular route on the animals’ necks. Blood samples were collected at 0, 7, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, and 84 days post vaccination in pigs for serological assays. (a–i) Study strategy (a); SP O antibody titers (PrioCheckTM kit) in MDA(+) pigs (b); SP O antibody titers (VDPro® kit) in MDA(+) pigs (c); SP A antibody titers (PrioCheckTM kit) in MDA(+) pigs (d); SP A antibody titers (VDPro® kit) in MDA(+) pigs (e); SP O antibody titers (PrioCheckTM kit) in MDA(−) pigs (f); SP O antibody titers (VDPro® kit) in MDA(−) pigs (g); SP A antibody titers (PrioCheckTM kit) in MDA(−) pigs (h); SP A antibody titers (VDPro® kit) in MDA(−) pigs (i). The data represent the mean ± SEM of triplicate measurements (n = 4 or 6/group). Statistical analyses were performed using a two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; and ****p < 0.001.

PMC9240001

41541_2022_496_Fig4_HTML.jpg

0.446507

7a3e62c55217430ba77e862075ccca0f

Immune responses mediated by the immune-enhancing FMDV (O PA2-C3d and A22-C3d), as measured by VN titers for overcoming interference of maternally-derived antibodies (MDA) in pigs.Pigs (8–9 weeks old) that were FMD antibody-seropositive (MDA(+), n = 16) or FMD antibody-seronegative (MDA(−), n = 16) animals were divided into three groups, respectively: a negative control group (NC, n = 4/group), a positive control group (PC, n = 6/group), and an experimental group (Exp., n = 6/group). The Exp. group were administered the test vaccines containing 15 μg (1 dose for cattle and pig use) O PA2-C3d + A22-C3d antigen with ISA 206 (oil-based emulsion, 50%, w/w), 10% Al(OH)3, and 150 μg Quil-A. The positive control group received 15 μg (1 dose for cattle and pig use) O PA2 + A22 antigen with ISA 206 (oil-based emulsion, 50%, w/w), 10% Al(OH)3, and 150 μg Quil-A. A negative control (NC) group was injected with the same volume of PBS. The vaccination was performed twice at 28-day intervals, with 1 mL vaccine (1 dose) injected via a deep intramuscular route on the animals’ necks. Blood samples were collected at 0, 7, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, and 84 days post vaccination in pigs for serological assays. (a–e) O1 Campos, A2001 Argentina, and A24 Cruzeiro VN titers in MDA(+) or MDA(−) pigs (a); O PA2 VN titers in MDA(+) pigs (b); O PA2 VN titers in MDA(−) pigs (c); A22 VN titers in MDA(+) pigs (d); A22 VN titers in MDA(−) pigs (e). The data represent the mean ± SEM of triplicate measurements (n = 4 or 6/group). Statistical analyses were performed using two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; and ****p < 0.001.

PMC9240001

41541_2022_496_Fig5_HTML.jpg

0.421023

fc2eb15bb1864fd8bc9df5cad1b19669

Immune responses mediated by the immune-enhancing FMDV (O PA2-C3d and A22-C3d), as measured by immunoglobulin subtypes such as IgG, IgM, and IgA in pigs.Pigs (8–9 weeks old) that were FMD antibody-seropositive (MDA(+), n = 16) or FMD antibody-seronegative (MDA(−), n = 16) animals were divided into three groups, respectively: a negative control group (NC, n = 4/group), a positive control group (PC, n = 6/group), and an experimental group (Exp., n = 6/group). The Exp. group were administered the test vaccines containing 15 μg (1 dose for cattle and pig use) O PA2-C3d + A22-C3d antigen with ISA 206 (oil-based emulsion, 50%, w/w), 10% Al(OH)3, and 150 μg Quil-A. The positive control group received 15 μg (1 dose for cattle and pig use) O PA2 + A22 antigen with ISA 206 (oil-based emulsion, 50%, w/w), 10% Al(OH)3, and 150 μg Quil-A. A negative control (NC) group was injected with the same volume of PBS. The vaccination was performed twice at 28-day intervals, with 1 mL vaccine (1 dose) injected via a deep intramuscular route on the animals’ necks. Blood samples were collected at 0, 7, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, and 84 days post vaccination in pigs for serological assays. (a–c) IgG concentration (a); IgM concentration (b); IgA concentration (c). The data represent the mean ± SEM of triplicate measurements (n = 4 or 6/group). Statistical analyses were performed using two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; and ****p < 0.001.

PMC9240001

41541_2022_496_Fig6_HTML.jpg

0.413121

34e167dbae3942a89897cbc30ede357a

O PA2-C3d and A22-C3d induced the gene expression of cytokine and co-stimulatory molecules in porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells.Porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from the whole blood of vaccinated pigs (n = 5/group) as described in Fig. 4a were used for qRT-PCR assays. Gene expression levels were normalized to HPRT levels and are presented as a relative ratio compared to control levels. (a–v) Gene expression levels of IFNα (a); IFNβ (b); IFNγ (c); IL-1β (d); IL-17A (e); IL-23p19 (f); IL-23R (g); IL-2 (h); IL-10 (i); TGFβ (j); IL-4 (k); IL-6 (l); CD40 (m); CD80 (n); CD86 (o); MHC class I (p); MHC class II (q); CTLA4 (r); CD21 (s); CD28 (t); ICOS (u); AHNAK (v). Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; and ****p < 0.001.

PMC9240001

41541_2022_496_Fig7_HTML.jpg

0.440261

d77afdd973124bd1841a294cbf794c41

Dietary MOS decreased the mortality of juvenile M. amblycephala post–bacterial infection. Different letters indicated significant differences among groups (P < 0.05).

PMC9240629

fimmu-13-863657-g001.jpg

0.396944

b117055c0e344e29a7015cbbd3d15327

Effects of MOS supplementation on the activities of hepatic antimicrobial and antioxidant enzymes of juvenile M. amblycephala. (A–F) showed the enzymes activity of ACP, AKP, LZM, GST, SOD, and CAT, respectively. The asterisks indicated statistically significant differences among different groups at a certain time point (P < 0.05).

PMC9240629

fimmu-13-863657-g002.jpg

0.447867

793ad11be015470ea598c1a4d87b5b7c

Effects of MOS supplementation on the intestinal histological structures of juvenile M. amblycephala by H&E staining. (A–C) Mid-intestine sections of control, MOS200, and MOS400 groups at 0 hpi, respectively. (D–F) Sections at 12 hpi. (G–I) Sections at 24 hpi. (J–L) Sections at 72 hpi. The pathological symptoms were marked with triangle. Scale bars represented 50 µm (400×).

PMC9240629

fimmu-13-863657-g003.jpg

0.39593

f4b2873fe92d47f9b650b5e278597f1b

Effects of MOS supplementation on the numbers of intestinal goblet cells by AB-PAS staining. (A–C) Mid-intestine sections of control, MOS200, and MOS400 groups at 0 hpi, respectively. (D–F) Sections at 12 hpi. (G–I) Sections at 24 hpi. (J–L) Sections at 72 hpi. Goblet cells were marked with triangle. Scale bars represented 50 µm (200×).

PMC9240629

fimmu-13-863657-g004.jpg

0.441434

d42703c561ce4ae7a19fed2885c26215

Effects of MOS supplementation on the intestinal ultrastructure of M. amblycephala by TEM assay. (A–C) Mid-intestine sections of control, MOS200, and MOS400 groups at 0 hpi, respectively. (D–F) Sections at 24 hpi. G, goblet cell. Scale bars represented 2 µm (8,000×).

PMC9240629

fimmu-13-863657-g005.jpg

0.425829

0b4d39a9540f48caac7d5d5d868e10ab

Expression patterns of M. amblycephala intestinal immune and tight junction related genes in the three groups upon infection. The detected genes including MR (A), p38α (B), p38β (C), PKC (D), TNFα (E), IL-1β (F), IL-6 (G), CXCL8 (H), Muc2 (I), Occludin (J), Claudin-1 (K), and ZO-1 (L), and GAPDH was selected as the reference gene. Data were shown as mean ± SE, differences were determined by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The asterisks indicated statistically significant differences among different groups at a certain time point (P < 0.05).

PMC9240629

fimmu-13-863657-g006.jpg

0.483762

aa4da559ddd64602959e35b74c5f9155

Venn diagram analysis of OTU numbers in the control and MOS400 groups.

PMC9240629

fimmu-13-863657-g007.jpg

0.384521

7a4f6f13bdcb404aa534923790ea46fa

Comparison of gut microbial composition between the control and MOS400 groups with weighted UniFrac PCoA analysis (A) and non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) diagram (B).

PMC9240629

fimmu-13-863657-g008.jpg

0.411969

5f226fe6423b4f24a5eb0b0a29bc36b3

Dietary MOS affected the gut microbial composition of juvenile M. amblycephala. Relative abundance of gut microbiota at phylum (A), genus (B), and species (C) levels.

PMC9240629

fimmu-13-863657-g009.jpg

0.511591

ea3828e941a54e03988ab9ee84263d18

Cladogram revealing the polygenetic distribution of bacterial lineages associated with different groups. Different colors indicated different groups; nodes in red or green represented the microbiome that played important roles in the control or MOS400 groups, whereas yellow nodes indicating the microbiome were not vital in both groups. The circles were in order of phylum, class, order, family, and genus levels from inside to outside.

PMC9240629

fimmu-13-863657-g010.jpg

0.433548

b7caa93f6a5e4bada463b8899af75d40

Minimum spanning network (MSN) showing the relationships between the multilocus genotype (MLG) from this study and other Brazilian MLGs from previous studies. The MSN are based on MLGs defined by 15 microsatellite markers. Each circle represents a unique MLG. The size of each circle corresponds to the number of individuals, and the colours indicate different ecotypes. Thick and dark lines show MLGs that are more closely related to each other.

PMC9241165

1678-8060-mioc-117-e210302-gf.jpg

0.451461

8cd10f7569ea454b9bf6afcb420965ad

Percent of eligible patients scheduled for a vaccination, by week of intervention. Time in which each Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycle was completed is represented by the vertical dotted lines.

PMC9241562

jmq-37-348-g001.jpg

0.417924

7bc0d673ead441109790fa269f9382f9

Newport, Oregon, micro-sewersheds. (A) Location and name of the 22 pump stations and their associated micro-sewersheds sampled in Newport. (B) Flow chart depicting the hierarchical relationships between pump stations. The arrow from Northside to Influent PS represents a forced main running under the Yaquina Bay and southward toward the WWTP. Map tiles by Stamen Design, under CC BY 3.0. Basemap data by OpenStreetMap, under ODbL. Note: PS, pump station; WWTP, wastewater treatment plant.

PMC9241984

ehp10289_f1.jpg

0.397927

49531b9c839147fcb0b5179728b463ec

Wastewater concentrations vs. reported COVID-19 cases or estimated prevalence. (A) Log10 of wastewater SARS-CoV-2 concentrations (gene copies per liter of wastewater) vs. the log10 of weekly reported COVID-19 cases (reported by ZIP code), (B) log10 of wastewater SARS-CoV-2 concentrations vs. the log10 of estimated prevalence, and (C) log10 of weekly reported COVID-19 cases (reported by ZIP code) vs. the log10 of estimated prevalence for Bend (blue triangles), Corvallis (orange circles), Eugene (green squares), Hermiston (pink diamonds), Newport (black diamonds), and Redmond (purple squares), Oregon. See Table 3 for corresponding numeric values and upper and lower bounds on 95% intervals for estimated prevalence per 10,000 values. See Table S6 for corresponding wastewater SARS-CoV-2 concentration numeric values and standard errors. See Table S8 for corresponding case count numeric data. Prevalence estimates were calculated using design-weighted estimators appropriate to the respective community sampling design when positive cases were identified or using a beta-binomial Bayesian model when zero positive cases were found. Note: gc, gene copies.

PMC9241984

ehp10289_f2.jpg

0.430279

bbdb34441e6a4d6c89bf9692092f5441

Estimated prevalence vs. wastewater concentration and reported cases with uncertainty from Monte Carlo Simulations. (A) Log10 of wastewater SARS-CoV-2 concentrations (gene copies per liter of wastewater) vs. the log10 of estimated prevalence, where the regression line from observed data is shown as a dashed black line. Horizontal and vertical segments indicate 1 SE or a 68% credible interval. The gray band is made up of individual regression lines from Monte Carlo simulations. (B) Log10 of wastewater SARS-CoV-2 concentrations vs. the log10 of reported cases, where the regression line from observed data is shown as a dashed black line. Vertical segments indicate 1 SE or a 68% credible interval. The gray band is made up of individual regression lines from Monte Carlo simulations of individual regression lines from Monte Carlo simulations. Prevalence estimates were calculated using design-weighted estimators appropriate to the respective community sampling design when positive cases were identified or using a beta-binomial Bayesian model when zero positive cases were found. See Table 3 for corresponding numeric values and upper and lower bounds on 95% intervals for estimated prevalence per 10,000 values. See Table S6 for corresponding wastewater SARS-CoV-2 concentration numeric values and SEs. See Table S8 for corresponding case count numeric data. Note: SE, standard error.

PMC9241984

ehp10289_f3.jpg

0.416608

2e2562c91ae84e4a9c8b11f4c270c232

COVID-19 burden heat maps. (A,D) Wastewater SARS-CoV-2 concentrations, (B,E) percentage positivity from random door-to-door nasal swab sampling events, and (C,F) percentage reported cases per capita of the 22 micro-sewersheds sampled in Newport, Oregon. Wastewater and nasal swab sampling events were conducted during (A–C) 18–19 June 2020 and (D–F) 8–9 July 2020; reported case windows were the 10 d prior to and including the sampling periods. See Table S5 for corresponding wastewater SARS-CoV-2 concentration (WBE) numeric values and 95% CIs. See Table S7 for corresponding positivity (TRACE) and reported cases per capita (Cases) percentages. Map tiles by Stamen Design, under CC BY 3.0. Basemap data by OpenStreetMap, under ODbL. Note: CI, confidence interval; TRACE, Team-based Rapid Assessment of community-level Coronavirus Epidemics (project); WBE, wastewater-based epidemiology.

PMC9241984

ehp10289_f4.jpg

0.376088

888baaf65a1a4365a2e860c7783a6796

Spatial distribution of SARS-CoV-2 variants. The percentage sequence reads of variants (A) B.1.399/NA and (B) B.1/NB located within the various Newport, Oregon, micro-sewershed boundaries during the 18–19 June 2020 prevalence sampling event. Sequences were obtained from both micro-sewershed wastewater, as well as random door-to-door nasal swab sampling events. See Table 4 for corresponding numeric data. Map tiles by Stamen Design, under CC BY 3.0. Basemap data by OpenStreetMap, under ODbL. Note: WWTP, wastewater treatment plant.

PMC9241984

ehp10289_f5.jpg

0.453479

8c4f704c68e84b9f87f05105bd3ef637

SARS-CoV-2 variant temporal distribution. (A) The average estimated percentage viral sequence reads of the indicated SARS-CoV-2 variant RNAs and the log10 SARS-CoV-2 concentrations quantified in the Vance Avery Wastewater Treatment Plant influent (Newport, Oregon) from 10 June to 2 December 2020. Each data point represents the mean of measurements collected during the week beginning on the date shown. Sequence data from some dates derived from a single measurement, and standard errors are expected to be comparable to those shown in Table 4. (B) Percentage of all variants of the indicated lineages among SARS-CoV-2 sequences from samples collected in Oregon during the week beginning on the indicated date and deposited in GISAID. Note: GISAID, Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data.

PMC9241984

ehp10289_f6.jpg

0.454293

6ac1e7cba83846d6acff16fcd1dfd6a6

Surgical wound classification guideline for Otolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery

PMC9242420

WJO2-8-139-g001.jpg

0.536746

b092d6a303ad4078bf01926884592394

Correlation between miR-223 and miR-192.

PMC9242775

ECAM2022-2826115.001.jpg

0.484102

9a522dc91d234ce4bd0f79c3d2f4dbfa

Model adequacy plots of bioflocculation activity (a) predicted response vs experimental response; (b) normal plot of residuals; (c) residuals vs predicted, and (d) outlier t plot.

PMC9243052

41598_2022_15193_Fig1_HTML.jpg

0.413164

aaf6777a076b4cb792a9a7aa91092f55

Surface plots of the influence of pertinent variables on the bioflocculation activity.

PMC9243052

41598_2022_15193_Fig2_HTML.jpg

0.53476

1c2285033eb444db8e492e196c5be3c4

TGA/DTA analysis of purified bioflocculant.

PMC9243052

41598_2022_15193_Fig3_HTML.jpg

0.445149

a2b85c6192bb499fb1332252a9e4fae2

FTIR spectrum of purified bioflocculant.

PMC9243052

41598_2022_15193_Fig4_HTML.jpg

0.457205

622db2070af54f63b3f88fbdb45295d4

(a) SEM image and (b) EDX analysis of purified bioflocculant.

PMC9243052

41598_2022_15193_Fig5_HTML.jpg

0.537491

17331214ff2c4b75af090e1cc5a9e4e4

The effect of concentration on the treatment of brewery wastewater. The percentage of flocculating activities of different alphabetic letters differs significantly (p < 0.05).

PMC9243052

41598_2022_15193_Fig6_HTML.jpg

0.445678

1717fe3564044da1a338e1c7d161a30d

The trace plots for the models.Note: Asian = 1, Black or African American = 2, Hispanic or Latino = 3, Caucasian = 4, Native American or American Indian = 5, Pacific Islander = 6, Other = 7.

PMC9244435

41599_2022_1225_Fig1_HTML.jpg

0.35777

ea57c20a9a8a4863a21d698560421626

The trace rank plots for the models.Note: Asian = 1, Black or African American = 2, Hispanic or Latino = 3, Caucasian = 4, Native American or American Indian = 5, Pacific Islander = 6, Other = 7.

PMC9244435

41599_2022_1225_Fig2_HTML.jpg

0.420131

6b2eac1eece446b08ba31b80b55e52b5

Model comparison.

PMC9244435

41599_2022_1225_Fig3_HTML.jpg