nopperl/pmc-image-text · Datasets at Hugging Face

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0.493104	ec5cc463f2ce4634b923272752efd205	Correlation of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell response from fresh whole blood CoVITEST with classic T cell IFN-γELISpot Convalescent COVID-19 donors at two weeks, three and six months after the first positive RT-PCR test. Linear regression analysis by comparing the number of CD4+ IFN-γ+ CD69+ T cells from whole blood with specific T cells quantified by IFN-γELISpot (n = 51).	PMC9295597	fimmu-13-848586-g003.jpg
0.492816	9c0cc286109a4e88892eba76aebfcdb7	Distribution of the cellular immune response to SARS-CoV-2 by IFN-γELISpot, CoVITEST and antibodies against the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) of the spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 (IgG, IgA or IgM) by Luminex in 51 COVID-19 patients.	PMC9295597	fimmu-13-848586-g004.jpg
0.53579	8eaf6d1b55c44656ac56a697a28fe0d9	SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell response at baseline and two weeks after the second vaccine dose in healthy unexposed donors. SARS-CoV-2 specific T cells (CD4+ IFN-γ+ CD69+) after stimulation with spike and nucleocapsid SARS-CoV-2 peptide pools at baseline and two weeks after the second vaccine dose. Each dot represents an individual subject. *Statistical comparison at baseline and post-vaccination was performed with the Wilcoxon test.	PMC9295597	fimmu-13-848586-g005.jpg
0.462538	c6f1d4a41564473ea785aca4ff5d9f80	Flowchart to describe the enrolled study population. CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; ADA, adenosine deaminase; RBC, red blood cell.	PMC9295904	fcimb-12-858724-g001.jpg
0.462202	5574e005cd5440849f220057970bc3e4	Clinical and laboratory characteristics among the definite TBM, VM, and HM groups. ADA, adenosine deaminase; TBM, tuberculous meningitis; VM, viral meningitis; HM, hematologic malignancy; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; PMN, polymorphonuclear neutrophils.	PMC9295904	fcimb-12-858724-g002.jpg
0.418222	fa74da5ff1fc45778a493d059b21ff64	Analysis of the relationship between SNHG expression and OS/PFI of 499 patients with prostate cancer using one-way Cox regression, presented using forest plots.	PMC9296331	OMCL2022-1747604.001.jpg
0.519612	9130b638d72b45739d1c75437590f3dc	Relationship between six SNHGs and clinical and pathological characteristics of PC patients. (a) Box plots indicating the expression of six SNHGs in normal prostate tissue samples (n = 52) and prostate tumor tissue samples (n = 499). (b) Dot plots indicating the expression of six SNHG2 in 52 pairs of normal prostate samples and prostate tumor tissue samples (Wilcoxon signed rank test). (c) Box plots indicating the expression of six SNHGs in PC tumor tissues with low Gleason's score (6 & 7) (n = 293) and high Gleason's score (8 & 9 & 10) (n = 206). (d) Box plots indicating the expression of six SNHGs in PC tumor tissues with T2 stage (n = 189) and T3 & T4 stage (n = 303). (e) Box plots indicating the expression of six SNHGs in PC tumor tissues with (n = 347) or without (n = 79) lymph node metastasis. (f) ROC curve for six SNHGs in adjacent normal prostate samples and PC tumor samples. ns indicates not significant, ∗ indicates p < 0.05, ∗∗ indicates p < 0.01, and ∗∗∗ indicates p < 0.001, by Wilcoxon rank sum test or Wilcoxon signed rank test.	PMC9296331	OMCL2022-1747604.002.jpg
0.460413	dfe21959af8f4171a1c4548a3b8b78dd	LASSO analysis further confirmed SNHG17 to be a potential prognostic marker for PC and prediction model construction. (a) A total of 33 SNHGs were further analyzed by LASSO analysis to explore potential risk factors for the OS of PC patients. (b) LASSO coefficient profiles. (c) The risk score, survival status, and heat map of eight SNHGs in patients with PC. (d) A nomogram for predicting the probability of 3-, 5-, and 7-year OS in PC patients. (e) Calibration plots validating the efficiency of nomograms for the OS of PC patients.	PMC9296331	OMCL2022-1747604.003.jpg
0.453759	ec7d2be27cdb44cf842bc9b43800e385	DEGs related to SNHG17 and enrichment analysis of DEGs in prostate cancer. (a, b) Volcano plots of the DEGs and heat map showing the top 13 DEGs. (c, d) Enrichment plots from the gene set enrichment analysis. (e) Plots from GO/KEGG analysis indicating the biological processes related to SNHG17 in prostate cancer. (f) Chord diagram indicating the enriched biological processes related to SNHG17 and significantly correlated DEGs to each biological process.	PMC9296331	OMCL2022-1747604.004.jpg
0.453034	cbde93130623497da799f7df3696f7db	Relationship between SNHG17 and the infiltration level of immune cells in PC. (a) Correlation between SNHG17 and immune infiltration in PC by the ssGSEA method. (b–j) Correlation analysis between SNHG17 and the infiltration level of each immune cell was plotted separately by Spearman's correlation coefficient analysis.	PMC9296331	OMCL2022-1747604.005.jpg
0.428202	0080ddb1f89d4f32b3650dc5ee34bb00	Construction of the ceRNA network. (a) Thirty-seven ceRNAs of SNHG17 were predicted by ENCORI. (b) Plot indicating the ranking of 37 ceRNAs in the DEGs related to SNHG17. (c, d) Correlation analysis between SNHG17 and UBE2M/OTUB1 by Spearman's correlation analysis. (e) Subcellular localization of SNHG17 analyzed by lncLocator. (f–h) Correlation analysis between SNHG17 and miR-23a-3p/23b-3p/23c by Spearman's correlation analysis. (i) Predicted binding sites of SNHG17 and miR-23a-3p/23b-3p/23c by ENCORI. (j) The triple regulatory network in PC. Red circle indicates lncRNA, blue square indicates mRNA, and yellow triangle indicates miRNAs.	PMC9296331	OMCL2022-1747604.006.jpg
0.441708	e46cb040d8b646eaa7779bd90f342153	SNHG17 is overexpressed in PC tumors and correlates with tumor progression. (a) Analysis of SNHG17 expression in 61 BPH tissues and 52 pairs of benign prostate tissues and prostate cancer tissues by qRT–PCR (one-way ANOVA). (b) SNHG17 expression between PC tumor tissues with T1-T2a stage and T2b-T2c stage. (c) SNHG17 expression between PC tumor tissues with low Gleason scores and high Gleason scores. (d) SNHG17 expression in one normal prostate epithelial cell line and four prostate cancer cell lines (one-way ANOVA). (e) High SNHG17 expression positively correlated with poor BCR-free survival by Kaplan–Meier plotting (Cox regression analysis). (f) OTUB1 expression between 52 pairs of benign prostate tissues and prostate cancer tissues by qRT–PCR. (g) Correlation between SNHG17 and OTUB1 expression in 52 PC tumor tissues by Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis. (h) OTUB1 expression between PC tumor tissues with low Gleason's score (≤7, n = 35) and those with high Gleason's score (>7, n = 17) by qRT–PCR. (i) Representative images of IHC staining of OTUB1 in PC tumor tissues with low or high Gleason's score. Magnification = 200x. (j) The intensity of OTUB1 staining in PC tumor tissues with low (n = 3) or high Gleason's scores (n = 3) was analyzed and compared. ∗∗ indicates p < 0.01, analyzed by Student's t-test or one-way ANOVA.	PMC9296331	OMCL2022-1747604.007.jpg
0.45871	b5e771680fdb4ae0b1b75b73df1a6a68	Validation of the SNHG17/miR-23a-3p/OTUB1 axis in prostate cancer. (a) The binding sites and sequences between SNHG17 and miR-23a-3p and miR-23a-3p and OTUB1. A dual luciferase reporter assay was performed to evaluate the interactions between luciferase reporter vectors containing wild-type SNHG17 or mutant SNHG17 in (b) RV-1 and (c) PC-3 cells. (d) RIP assay was performed to assess the enrichment of SNHG17, miR-23a, and OTUB1 in IgG or AGO2 pulled-down RNA products. (e) qRT–PCR analysis indicated that overexpression of miR-23a-3p decreased the mRNA expression of OTUB1, while knockdown of miR-23a-3p prompted the expression of OTUB1 in PC cells. (f) Western blot revealed a similar result that miR-23a-3p modulated OTUB1 protein expression. A dual luciferase reporter assay was performed to evaluate the interaction between miR-23a-3p and the 3′UTR of the OTUB1 gene. A luciferase reporter vector containing wild-type OTUB1 or mutant OTUB1 was cotransfected with negative control or miR-23a-3p mimics into (g) RV-1 and (h) PC-3 cells. (i) Western blot analysis suggested that knockdown of SNHG17 significantly decreased OTUB1 expression, while dual knockdown of SNHG17 and miR-23a-3p restored OTUB1 expression. (j, k) Transwell assays showed that knockdown of SNHG17 inhibited cell invasion, and reexpression of OTUB1 in SNHG17-knockdown cells rescued the cell invasive capacity (one-way ANOVA). Invaded cells were captured in three random visual fields at a magnification of 200x. ∗ indicates p < 0.05 and ∗∗ indicates p < 0.01, analyzed by Student's t-test or one-way ANOVA.	PMC9296331	OMCL2022-1747604.008.jpg
0.47181	61440487eea640ae9bb60ccdede90815	Diagram indicating the SNHG17-related ceRNA network in PC. SNHG17 competitively interacts with miR-23a-3p/23b-3p/23c and releases the expression of UBE2M and OTUB1, thereby promoting the tumorigenesis of prostate cancer and inhibiting the activation and infiltration of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment.	PMC9296331	OMCL2022-1747604.009.jpg
0.423775	48be8ba2de82486dbb42179029282283	A. Study area in Brazil. B. Schedule of events in Pau da Lima, Salvador, Brazil. Capture, environmental assessment, chemical intervention stratified by valley during the study period.	PMC9299319	pone.0270568.g001.jpg
0.409142	8bbe16ecdf1844039687289e7146e785	A. Area of study and distribution of households visited with or without need for rodenticide application in Pau da Lima, Salvador, Brazil. B. Number of rodenticide applications among households in need in Pau da Lima, Salvador, Brazil.	PMC9299319	pone.0270568.g002.jpg
0.410891	a64544e736764313a764f3eb43f611f7	Valley 1 and Valley 3 respectively: a and h) kernel Density Estimation (KDE) of the 1st rodent capture campaign, b and i) Kernel Ratio (KR) of closed households by the total of households, c and j) KR of households that need rodenticide control by evaluated households, d and l) KR of rodenticide application in households by households that need for rodent control, e and m) KDE of the 2nd rodent capture campaign, f and n) KDE of the 3rd rodent capture campaign, g and o) Polygons of hot areas of households that need for rodent control identified by agents of the Zoonoses Control Center of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.In valley 1 and valley 3 the upper part of the area was not shown in some figures due to the absence of rodent capture campaign at this site.	PMC9299319	pone.0270568.g003.jpg
0.440686	29d1f7b61d2740c2859d2a1094187645	Analysis of inner retinal layer reflectivity. Segmentation of the inner retinal layers, where the optical intensity was analyzed in eyes with (A) central retinal artery occlusion and (B) the unaffected fellow eye.	PMC9299355	fmed-09-854288-g001.jpg
0.398517	5788c1e5ef8b48cb9f514e683809cc6b	Distribution of optical intensity of in eye with central retinal artery occlusion and unaffected fellow eyes. Histogram (A) and box plot (B) showing the distribution of optical intensity in the eyes with CRAO (red) and in the unaffected fellow eyes (cyan). Differences in optical intensity were highly significant (p < 0.001).	PMC9299355	fmed-09-854288-g002.jpg
0.454068	5fb9ea1ae3d9484195905afb6a897444	Optical intensity over time of the affected and unaffected fellow eye. Optical intensity of the inner retinal layers differs significantly in acute central retinal artery occlusion between the affected (red) and the unaffected fellow eye (cyan). Time did not have an impact or correlation on the optical intensity increase of the inner retinal layers (R2adj = 0.009). The red line marks the optimal cut-off value estimated with the ROC analysis.	PMC9299355	fmed-09-854288-g003.jpg
0.451944	c4d025ead9ef4687b1677618958664a9	Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. ROC analysis revealed an area under the curve of 0.99 with the optimal cut-off (sum of highest sensitivity and specificity) to confirm CRAO at an optical intensity of 149.46 revealing a true positive rate (TPR) of 0.93 and a false positive rate (FPR) of 0.02.	PMC9299355	fmed-09-854288-g004.jpg
0.417024	60cd466a88584a1983be059e6da5666a	Optical intensity of potential differential diagnoses of CRAO. Optical intensity of the study eye vs. fellow eye. Eyes with CRAO showed a significant higher optical intensity compared the other analyzed groups (A,C), whereas there are no differences between the groups of the fellow eyes (B). In none of the investigated differentials (CRVO, central retinal vein occlusion; N-AION, non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy; DME, diabetic macular edema; JK, Junius-Kuhnt degeneration, subretinal fibrosis/disciform scar) the inner retinal optical intensity compared to the fellow eye was significantly different (A,B). *level of statistically significant difference (padj ≤ 0.05) compared to CRAO.	PMC9299355	fmed-09-854288-g005.jpg
0.382262	e62364a8ba174c16b6d922896994f722	a) Molecular orbitals. b) PIO analysis on the bonding modes of Sn−Si in compound 5. The compound 5 is decomposed to two moieties, the Sn atom and the rest. Hydrogen atoms in 3D structures are omitted for clarity. The total PBI value of two fragments is 2.83. The isosurface 0.050 au is plotted.	PMC9300062	ANIE-61-0-g003.jpg
0.46085	0e97c38b15e346828f618cdb6418e5cf	Molecular structure of 5.[12] The asymmetric unit contains two independent molecules, only one is depicted. Thermal ellipsoids are drawn at the 50 % probability level. H atoms are omitted for clarity.	PMC9300062	ANIE-61-0-g008.jpg
0.428118	05a2320bec9349d599c04a258ccef8ea	Molecular structures of 2, 3 and 4.[12] Thermal ellipsoids are drawn at the 50 % probability level. H atoms and solvent molecules are omitted for clarity.	PMC9300062	ANIE-61-0-g009.jpg
0.478391	a9a3916ebd144af18fe7dbb2a46790aa	PIO analysis on the bonding modes of Sn−Si and Sn−Fe in compound 4. The compound 4 is decomposed to two moieties, the Sn atom and the rest. Hydrogen atoms in 3D structures are omitted for clarity. The total PBI value of two fragments is 3.68. The isosurface 0.050 au is plotted.	PMC9300062	ANIE-61-0-g010.jpg
0.426001	72c8989e150147b8966a3f28f5fa0493	Nonprescription medication use by age groups (N = 862)	PMC9301842	12877_2022_3289_Fig1_HTML.jpg
0.503062	15fe6eccac9d4e0cbf5708ffd94271e0	Profiles of the three patient groups derived from latent class analysis (model-based prevalence, %) (N = 1,080)	PMC9301842	12877_2022_3289_Fig2_HTML.jpg
0.425281	d01f012868d34e7eb76908b4c42baf4f	Flowchart depicting participant enrolment and study process.	PMC9302760	pone.0270065.g001.jpg
0.447569	b1dd67967fa540b59033c7de1dc97f35	High-resolution (1 km × 1 km) predictions of summer cloudiness, albedo and cloud radiative effects (CRE) over the Greenland Ice Sheet derived from fusing different satellite datasets with machine learning.a cloud fraction, defined as the frequency of cloud cover (b) cloudiness, defined as the percentage reduction of shortwave radiative fluxes at the surface due to clouds; (c) surface albedo; (d) cloud radiative effect on shortwave radiation received at the ice surface; (e) cloud radiative effect on longwave radiation received at the surface; (f) cloud radiative effect on net all-wave radiation at the surface. This product was derived by fusing CloudSat/CALIPSO radiative flux and MODIS cloud and surface albedo products.	PMC9304359	41467_2022_31434_Fig1_HTML.jpg
0.431589	352c0dc73e1843748d21d7c69e4195e1	Correlative relationships between summer cloudiness and radiative fluxes at the ice sheet surface.a Net shortwave response to cloudiness in the accumulation zone, (b) Net shortwave response to cloudiness in the ablation zone, (c) Downward longwave response to cloudiness in the accumulation zone, (d) Downward longwave response to cloudiness in the ablation zone. Note that x and y axes are scaled to the same range. The slopes of these relationships signify the sensitivity of radiative fluxes to changes in summer cloudiness.	PMC9304359	41467_2022_31434_Fig2_HTML.jpg
0.385846	53eaf3c9d72a45f9bc25fd4722b2c31a	Radiative effects of all summer atmospheric blocking events on the surface of the Greenland Ice Sheet relative to mean (2003–2020) conditions.(a) cloudiness; (b) net shortwave radiative fluxes; (c) downward longwave radiative fluxes; (d) allwave radiative fluxes. Blocking days, which were provided by Ward et al.25, have a net positive (warming) effect on radiation receipt at the surface of the ablation zone.	PMC9304359	41467_2022_31434_Fig3_HTML.jpg
0.407356	dd4e55d59d6a4198a779ccc29b608f12	Sensitivity of net shortwave radiation to changes in summer cloudiness for a range of climate scenarios.Black line represents the current observed sensitivity derived from our high-resolution radiative flux products with shaded areas representing uncertainty (see Methods). Red, orange, and yellow lines represent projected changes in sensitivity for SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP5-8.5 scenarios based on the ensemble mean summer air temperature of 26 models from the CMIP6 experiment. Shaded areas represent the 25th and 75th percentile projections of all models.	PMC9304359	41467_2022_31434_Fig4_HTML.jpg
0.396828	b627edae61f543428d5efdf5d7461f84	Mean insulin units before and after the treatment in the two studied groups	PMC9305049	40200_2022_1085_Fig1_HTML.jpg
0.454284	6d61666c55ae41329d2c994ab337bf32	Mean weight loss (%) at the two timepoints of the study after the psycho-nutritional treatment (PNT) and the conventional treatment (CT). PNT allowed a significant weight loss at the end of the treatment (~10 weeks) and after one year, whereas the CT did not significantly affect weight changes. Data adjusted for baseline age, treatment duration and glucose control therapy	PMC9305049	40200_2022_1085_Fig2_HTML.jpg
0.43139	11db75c579b746888827dc3662021bd1	Weight changes at the end of the treatment (A) and after one year (B) were related to HbA1c variation at the same time points in the whole study population	PMC9305049	40200_2022_1085_Fig3_HTML.jpg
0.427597	73a88a35c6b94e2d9fa68e09178f752e	Relation between insulin doses and percentage of weight loss at the end of the treatment (A) and after one year (B)	PMC9305049	40200_2022_1085_Fig4_HTML.jpg
0.424245	46bd9e37530846c69535fdbb12209379	Gender based differences in glycaemic control in patients and controls.	PMC9305306	fnut-09-900422-g0001.jpg
0.46124	531bbe37d85e4557b55fa45aba13a08e	Comparison between T1D patients and controls of items included in Feel4Diabetes healthy score.	PMC9305306	fnut-09-900422-g0002.jpg
0.436115	c7434380046f4596a2076ba634ed34f9	(A) Example of potassium-sensing oligonucleotide (PSO) 1 consisting of oligonucleotide-carrying TBA sequence, peptide linker with biotin, and FRET chromophore pair of FAM and TAMRA. (B) PSO localized on a cell surface through sugar chain, concanavalin A (ConA), and avidin (left) or biotinylated membrane protein, avidin (right). Black circle: biotin; red circle: FRET chromophore pair.	PMC9306769	fchem-10-922094-g001.jpg
0.431157	097d322afd60413bb1a0455124dd388e	(A) Fluorescence spectra of 0.2 μM 1, 0.3 μM StAv in the absence (red) or presence (blue) of 150 mM KCl, 20 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.4) without (A) or with 145 mM NaCl (B).	PMC9306769	fchem-10-922094-g002.jpg
0.41021	49ced6047414457c825a269a663eb52e	ΔRatio of 0.2 μM 1 in the absence (−) or presence (+) of 0.3 μM streptavidin (StAv) in 20 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.4) under several cations; 150 mM KCl, 145 mM NaCl, 2 mM MgCl2, 2 mM CaCl2, 20 mM CH3COONH4, or 150 mM LiCl. Ex: 495 nm.	PMC9306769	fchem-10-922094-g003.jpg
0.379809	c8e9b6aabf554da4b47679216f01744b	(A) Extracell imaging by 1-StAv-ConA, (B) fluorescence ratio of Fred/Fgreen (Fred: F.I. of 550–640 nm,/Fgreen: F.I. of 495–540 nm) after adding KCl, λ ex = 488 nm. (C) Extracell imaging by 1-StAv-sulfo-NHS-biotin, (D) fluorescence ratio of Fred/Fgreen after adding KCl, λ ex = 488 nm. (↑) indicates the change of DMEM medium.	PMC9306769	fchem-10-922094-g004.jpg
0.417354	d75b874278644752a99c74cae00f16cf	(A) Cell surface imaging by 1-StAv-ConA after adding 10 μM Amphotericin B, 10 μM Bumetanide, and 10 μM Ouabain/DMEM at 11 min (↑), (B) fluorescence ratio of Fred/Fgreen (Fred: F.I. of 575–595 nm,/Fgreen: F.I. of 508–528 nm), λ ex = 488 nm in all cells. (C) Extracell imaging by 1-StAv-sulfo-NHS-biotin and (D) fluorescence ratio of Fred/Fgreen (Fred: F.I. of 554–620 nm, Fgreen: F.I. of 500–554 nm), λ ex = 488 nm after adding 26 μM Amphotericin B at 11 min (↑). The three cells shown in (C) were surrounded by ROI (region of interests), and their fluorescence ratios were shown in (D).	PMC9306769	fchem-10-922094-g005.jpg
0.379548	483ea4ccee0d4a808ea98fcd42fdaee2	The anti-fungal activity of different extracts concentration to Gloeophyllum trabeum (A. extracts; B. bacteria inhibition zone of different extract concentration on agar plates after incubating specified time; C. the bacteria inhibition diameter of extract).	PMC9307973	fpls-13-906041-g001.jpg
0.398882	0327aef5efb4424384a802e5b7408add	mRNA expression in extract-treated Gloeophyllum trabeum (A. differences in expression between control and extract-treated samples; B. expression levels in the control and extract-treated samples; C: expression profiling of differential expressed genes between control and extract-treated samples).	PMC9307973	fpls-13-906041-g002.jpg
0.417109	18735a432b9e4ca393005e2bb4cdd500	Functional annotations of differential expressed genes between control and extract-treated samples with GO (A) and KEGG (B) pathway analysis.	PMC9307973	fpls-13-906041-g003.jpg
0.51296	32b2bdcd1f334ddc9530d701cb45e458	Predicted mechanisms of extractive’s toxicity of extractives.	PMC9307973	fpls-13-906041-g004.jpg
0.504687	9d1eef27b40a482786ced27e9904aa92	Thematic map of barriers to understanding the Care Information Exchange (CIE) information.	PMC9308067	jmir_v24i7e37226_fig1.jpg
0.406627	a0023bc862ae42819099c3a3ae7f347b	Cumulative sum (CUSUM) curve for optical coherence tomography (OCT)-assisted diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) (n = 400), with p0 = 16% and p1 = 25% for cut-off value level of confidence ≥ 2 and ≥ 3.	PMC9309705	ActaDV-100-19-5942-g001.jpg
0.439391	46d7ca04d785475aa9e4513dcb4f80b5	Clinical photographs. (a) Symmetrically distributed erythematous papules and reticulated pattern on the chest and (b) on the back.	PMC9309836	ActaDV-100-18-5932-g001.jpg
0.379856	74bc33ec37004389aa0dc9db00a3aff0	Number of participants according to each time point. FU2, follow-up 2.	PMC9310189	bmjopen-2021-055986f01.jpg
0.423974	047c6f6e97ec48869d9e2cee681770df	Design of the study. FU1, follow-up 1; FU2, follow-up 2; TBI, traumatic brain injury.	PMC9310189	bmjopen-2021-055986f02.jpg
0.461773	d7cd7fbc4cc94201bc326ca718bb1c25	(A) Metachromatic MCs (arrowheads) among adipocytes (asterisks) in the hypodermis of euthyroid rats. Scale bar, 150 µm. (B) Numerous metachromatic MCs (arrowheads) among adipocytes (asterisks) in the hypodermis of hypothyroid rats. Scale bar, 300 µm. (C) Metachromatic MCs (arrowheads) among acini (asterisks) in the exorbital glands of euthyroid rats. Scale bar, 250 µm. (D) Numerous MCs (arrowheads) in the connective tissue among acini (asterisks) in the exorbital glands of hypothyroid rats. Scale bar, 300 µm. (E) Safranin positive MCs (arrowheads) in the exorbital glands of hypothyroid rats. Scale bar, 75 µm. (F) Degranulating MCs (arrowheads) in the exorbital glands of hypothyroid rats. Note the numerous granules released into the tissue microenvironment (asterisk). Scale bar, 20 µm. (G) MCs number/mm2 and histamine ng/g tissue in euthyroid and hypothyroid rat tissues. * p < 0.05. (A–D,F) Toluidine blue at pH 4.2; (E) AB/safranin staining.	PMC9311769	animals-12-01840-g001.jpg
0.550563	ed751876847e420696e5d1aed06500e3	(A) Electron micrograph of a cutaneous mast cell surrounded by collagen fibers from euthyroid rat. The cytoplasm contains numerous electron-dense granules. (B) A mast cell (Stage II) in the exorbital gland from hypothyroid rat; (C) a mast cell (Stage III) in the exorbital gland from hypothyroid rat. Note the numerous granules released into the tissue microenvironment (*). (D) A fully degranulating mast cell in the exorbital gland from hypothyroid rat. (A–D) Scale bars, 5 µm (original magnification).	PMC9311769	animals-12-01840-g002.jpg
0.440204	62cfb742147846c4819ff9ebdfc94d19	Prevalence of MRSA/MSSA in patients with VAP in ICU. p-value by Chi-squared test for trend in proportions. ICU: intensive care unit. MRSA/MSSA: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus/methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus. VAP: ventilator-associated pneumonia.	PMC9312185	antibiotics-11-00851-g001.jpg
0.443716	0ba6b6e586f04cfbb3366ebb39c855c6	Prevalence of MRSA in patients with VAP in ICU (a). Prevalence of MSSA in patients with VAP in ICU (b). p-value by Chi-squared test for trend in proportions. ICU: intensive care unit. MRSA: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. MSSA: methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus. VAP: ventilator-associated pneumonia.	PMC9312185	antibiotics-11-00851-g002a.jpg
0.399859	e006bdf89a0b43fd8bf01cb97212a90d	Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of the process of rFasxiatorN17R, L19E expression and purification. (a) Lane 1: protein ladder (Ladder), Lane 2: bacteria pellet before IPTG induction (UI), Lane 3: bacteria pellet after IPTG induction (I), Lane 4: cell lysate (Lys), Lane 5: soluble fraction (S), Lane 6: insoluble fraction (IS), Lane 7: supernatant after step 1 washing of IS (W1), Lane 8: supernatant after step 2 washing of IS (W2), Lane 9: supernatant after step 3 washing of IS (W3); (b) Lane 1: protein ladder (Ladder), Lane 2: inclusion bodies resuspended in purification buffer (IB), Lane 3: flowthrough during sample application on Ni-NTA column (FT), Lane 4: wash 1 (Ni-NTA W1), Lane 5: wash 2 (Ni-NTA W2), Lane 6: wash 3 (Ni-NTA W3), Lane 7: elution (E), Lane 8: eluent after overnight incubation with thrombin (E + thr). Bands representing rFasxiatorN17R,L19E throughout the purification process are marked with a red star. The expected mass of the uncleaved his-tag-rFasxiatorN17R,L19E is approximately 12 kDa. The expected mass of rFasxiatorN17R, L19E after thrombin cleavage of 6×-His tag is approximately 7 kDa.	PMC9312835	biomedicines-10-01679-g001.jpg
0.479798	33fd7afed8844ee0b01a1d967369f671	Purification and validation of FXIa inhibition by rFasxiatorN17R, L19E. (a) RP-HPLC chromatogram of rFasxiatorN17R, L19E. The arrowed peak indicates the elution of rFasxiatorN17R, L19E. (b) ESI-MS deconvoluted spectrum of purified rFasxiatorN17R, L19E with an observed mass of 7585.8 Da, consistent with the mass of the protein calculated from the amino acid sequence. (c) Dose–response curve of FXIa inhibition by rFasxiatorN17R, L19E with IC50 = 1.44 ± 0.24 nM (n = 5).	PMC9312835	biomedicines-10-01679-g002.jpg
0.462792	72490cd3515b405fb0e56b9ccdf13fc6	Time course anticoagulant effect of rFasxiatorN17R, L19E in rats. Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT, red open circles, left y-axis) and prothrombin time (PT, pink solid triangles, right y-axis) of rat plasma collected at 2, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 90, and 120 min after a single i.v. bolus injection of rFasxiatorN17R, L19E (n = 3). Baseline APTT and PT (time = 0 min) are plotted as red and pink dotted lines, respectively. ** indicates that p ≤ 0.01; * indicates that p ≤ 0.05.	PMC9312835	biomedicines-10-01679-g003.jpg
0.490716	b8464406cec04650b434bf51879ba175	FeCl3-induced carotid artery thrombosis (CAT) and tail bleeding model in rats. (a) Time-to-occlusion (TTO) of the FeCl3-induced CAT model in rats treated with rFasxiatorN17R, L19E at 0.05 (n = 6), 0.2 (n = 6), 0.5 (n = 6), and 2 (n = 4) mg/kg were plotted as red open circles. Tail bleeding time (TBT) of rats treated with rFasxiatorN17R, L19E at 0.05 (n = 6), 0.2 (n = 6), 0.5 (n = 6), and 2 (n = 6) mg/kg were plotted as pink solid triangles. The gray dash line represents the maximum observation duration of 60 min in both models. (b) TTO of the FeCl3-induced CAT model in rats treated with unfractionated heparin (UFH) at 50 (n = 5), 100 (n = 6), 200 (n = 7), 300 (n = 5), and 432 (n = 5) U/kg were plotted as dark green open circles. TBT of rats treated with UFH at 100 (n = 6), 200 (n = 7), 300 (n = 5), and 432 (n = 5) U/kg were plotted as light green solid triangles. The gray dotted line represents the maximum observation duration of 60 min in both models.	PMC9312835	biomedicines-10-01679-g004.jpg
0.426256	e0526501837c4c3a8c804bb691622f65	Inferior vena cava (IVC) ligation and tail bleeding model in mice. (a) Weight of thrombus from the inferior vena cava ligation of mice treated with saline (gray, n = 8), enoxaparin (purple, n = 8), 5 mg/kg rFasxiatorN17R, L19E (red checked, n = 8), and 10 mg/kg rFasxiatorN17R, L19E (solid red, n = 9). ** indicates that p ≤ 0.01 in Tukey’s multiple comparison test. (b) Bleeding time following transection of mice tail (TBT) treated with saline (gray, n = 6), enoxaparin (purple, n = 8), 5 mg/kg rFasxiatorN17R, L19E (checkered red, n = 6), and 10 mg/kg rFasxiatorN17R, L19E (solid red, n = 5). (c) Hemoglobin assay of blood collected from the transected tail of mice that were treated with saline (gray, n = 6), enoxaparin (purple, n = 8), 5 mg/kg rFasxiatorN17R, L19E (red checkered, n = 6), and 10 mg/kg rFasxiatorN17R, L19E (solid red, n = 5) 24 h before the procedure.	PMC9312835	biomedicines-10-01679-g005.jpg
0.483076	abe6dd5c7da7421296dee6c789622fcd	Example of a dichoptic environment used by the platform evaluated that is seen through red-green glasses (only one eye sees the red superman and the other one the rest of the elements).	PMC9312954	brainsci-12-00815-g001.jpg
0.405178	fb7e109f782942119b8593cd1530e2a0	Distribution of the pre-and post-therapy measurements of near stereoacuity in the whole sample evaluated.	PMC9312954	brainsci-12-00815-g002.jpg
0.433014	a484c75c71934799b3c7f556662bcea7	Scatter plot showing the relationship between the change in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in the non-dominant eye and the baseline BCVA in such eye. The adjusting line to the data obtained by means of the least-squares fit is shown.	PMC9312954	brainsci-12-00815-g003.jpg
0.432496	b69ef8c8bc1d4a748c8166e261eb04ce	Scatter plot showing the relationship between the change in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in the non-dominant eye and the baseline binocular function (BF) score. The adjusting line to the data obtained by means of the least-squares fit is shown.	PMC9312954	brainsci-12-00815-g004.jpg
0.470135	46112f90a5b04166b51b94ad0ff48db7	Distribution of the pre-and post-therapy measurements of near stereoacuity in the groups of anisometropic and isometropic amblyopia.	PMC9312954	brainsci-12-00815-g005.jpg
0.538338	7fa7682609274fdbb2d75fa0b6d7eabb	Structure of an artificial neuron. Each neuron receives n weighted inputs (Wn) and a bias (b). First, a weighted sum of each input (X) is calculated. The bias (b) is added to the sum, and the final output/activation (O) is calculated by the activation function (Θ).	PMC9313085	biomedicines-10-01469-g001.jpg
0.435783	1be69201880142b6b88218f6d31e4fc1	Basic structure of an artificial neural network with three inputs. A neural network consists of artificial neurons, which calculate weighted sums with N input parameters. The output range of an individual neuron will be limited before passing via the application of an activation function. Neurons are arranged in a layered structure, where each neuron receives the activation of all neurons of the previous layer as input parameters. ANNs with more than one layer between the input and output layer (hidden layers) are called deep neural networks. X = Initial input of the network. O = Final output of the network.	PMC9313085	biomedicines-10-01469-g002.jpg
0.416801	a88e216c229641a1a3ace424f0127172	Relationship between the parameter Θ and the objective function J(Θ). The colour gradient indicates high (red) and low (blue) values of J(Θ).	PMC9313085	biomedicines-10-01469-g003.jpg
0.423622	b177bae2ae7b4e5db1c577c34ed5dea5	Difference between Nesterov’s Momentum update and the Regular Momentum update.	PMC9313085	biomedicines-10-01469-g004.jpg
0.379739	c0df2f5ed7594116bd79359d115956c0	General structure and functioning of a convolutional neural network (CNN). (Top): Architecture of a CNN. A CNN usually contains a various number of convolutional layers, which are each directly followed by pooling/downsampling layers to both reduce the network complexity and abstract the input. The output of the last maximum pooling layer is flattened at the transition to the dense layer. 1: Convolution; 2: Convolution and pooling; and 3: Linearisation. (Middle): Depiction of the process of convolution Padding is indicated in gray. (Bottom): Depiction of Maximum Pooling with a radius of 1.5 for both axes. Pooling is performed by determining the maximum of each region (shown in different colours).	PMC9313085	biomedicines-10-01469-g005.jpg
0.407038	4393cc24193545efb2447cd8a22bf075	(Top): Number of published articles per year. (Bottom): Number of journals that published articles matching the following keywords: Artificial Neural Network, Deep Learning, Convolutional Neural Network, Fully Convolutional Neural Network, Generative Adversarial Network, Recurrent Neural Network and Graph Neural Network. Articles were fetched using the PubMed API (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/home/develop/api/, accessed on 27 January 2022).	PMC9313085	biomedicines-10-01469-g006.jpg
0.42123	cb2a1bd716fe4fa28f4cd0eaaad8b2b1	The top 10 journals between 2000 and 2021 with the overall most publications. Interestingly, in the last five years, journals with a bioanalytical scope (Sensors and Scientific Reports (Sci. Rep.) and PLOS One (PloS one)) had a high share.	PMC9313085	biomedicines-10-01469-g007.jpg
0.407081	c142d1fb9f664b5fbe8dfe5a528e4f03	Schematic representation of sequence of events leading from altered ganglioside composition of the neuronal membrane to pathological firing of neurons and epileptic seizures. Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) positioning is heavily influenced by the surrounding gangliosides. NKA is represented by Biorender.com (accessed on 26 April 2022), relying on PDB accession code 3B8E, according to [134], utilizing the Van Der Waals structure style and Hydrophobicity color style. Red color represents amino acids with more hydrophobic side chains, and blue represents amino acids with more hydrophilic side chains. Gangliosides (in space-filling model) are shown in purple.	PMC9313118	biomedicines-10-01518-g001.jpg
0.475348	a4fa3f3748ee44ef89a8798b00ba3672	(A) The periodic table highlighting the ‘M’, ‘A’, and ‘X’ elements of known MAX phases. (B) Schematic illustration of the synthesis of MXenes from MAX phases. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [46]. Copyright © 2022 Wiley.	PMC9313156	biosensors-12-00454-g001.jpg
0.416679	0580cb3d225441fdbb8c75492056f3f3	Schematic illustration of (A) Preparation of HAP/CS/HA/MXene/AuNRs microcapsules, and (B) Mechanism of pH/NIR-responsive drug release. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [54]. Copyright © 2021 Elsevier. (C) Schematic diagram for the synthesis of Ti3C2Tx nanosheets, (D) Dual-responsive drug release from Ti3C2Tx-CoNWs system, and (E) Chemo-photothermal therapy of Ti3C2Tx-CoNWs against cancer cells. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [49]. Copyright © 2020 Elsevier.	PMC9313156	biosensors-12-00454-g002.jpg
0.419429	809395bd646e43c78565593394357414	Schematic illustrations of (A) Functioning of stimuli-responsive MXene-hydrogel system. Drug release process of MXene-hydrogel (a), and deep chronic infected wound treated with MXene-hydrogel loaded with AgNPs (b). Reprinted with permission from Ref. [55]. Copyright © 2021 Wiley. (B) Synthesis of Ti3C2Tx/CuO2@BSA nanosheets for the generation of in situ nanosensitizer for sonodynamic tumor nanotherapy. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [75]. Copyright © 2022 American Chemical Society. (C) Multifunctional nanoplatform based on Nb2C for the NIR-II-induced photothermal/immune therapy for primary as well as recurrent cancer. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [77]. Copyright © 2021 Royal Society of Chemistry. (D) Ti3CN-based NIR-I- and NIR-II-induced photonic hyperthermia against in vivo tumors. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [78]. Copyright © 2021 Wiley.	PMC9313156	biosensors-12-00454-g003.jpg
0.42079	72240559cd4b46ccb6f2779bf251ce61	(A) Schematic illustration of the fabrication of MAP nanofibrous membrane for antimicrobial therapy. (B) A model of the Balb/c mice infected with S. aureus (a); An image of the antibacterial dressing using the MAP nanofibrous membrane (b); NIR-induced temperature increase in the S. aureus-infected mice wounds (c), and the corresponding thermal images (d). Reprinted with permission from Ref. [91]. Copyright © 2021 Elsevier. (C) Schematic diagram for the NIR-activated antimicrobial mechanism of Ti3C2Tx/CoNWs/SPEEK. (D) Synthesis process for the coating of Ti3C2Tx/CoNWs heterojunction on porous SPEEK. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [92]. Copyright © 2021 Elsevier.	PMC9313156	biosensors-12-00454-g004.jpg
0.436788	8140c6eb4066454aa4a2ffe0b190a57b	(A) Schematic illustration of the physical interaction of MXene-bacteriophage with bacteria leading to antimicrobial properties. (B) Pictures of bacteriophage spot assay indicating the improved stability of bacteriophage laden by MXene compared to the bacteriophage over different times. (C) Pictures of Shigella spot assay indicating the greater bacteria viability reduction in the presence of bacteriophage laden by Ti3C2Tx MXene compared to bacteriophage over different times. (D) The longevity of MXene-laden bacteriophage and free bacteriophage in water at 25 °C, over a period of 24 weeks incubation. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [100]. Copyright © 2022 Elsevier.	PMC9313156	biosensors-12-00454-g005.jpg
0.422245	15dd4a8de40e45669c9c7fecc457ecb2	(A) Schematic illustration of the MXene/Prussian blue-based wearable perspiration analysis system. (B) Oxygen-rich enzyme electrode. (C) Digital photograph of the wearable sensor patch on the skin connected to a portable electrochemical analyzer. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [130]. Copyright © 2019 Wiley. (D) Schematic illustration of the fabrication of MXene/protein nanocomposite-based breathable and degradable pressure sensor. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [132]. Copyright © 2021 American Chemical Society. (E) Schematic illustration of the fabrication of MXene composite nanofibrous scaffold-based pressure sensor. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [133]. Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society.	PMC9313156	biosensors-12-00454-g006.jpg
0.442738	6abc8402e08f412a8ab1829785fdeb57	(A) Schematic diagram of the preparation of MXene@ polyurethane non-woven fabric for tunable wearable strain/pressure sensor. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [134]. Copyright © 2020 Royal Society of Chemistry. (B) Schematics of the MXene-coated non-woven fabric for wearable heater and EMI Shielding applications. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [135]. Copyright © 2022 Elsevier. (C) A MXene-coated cotton fabric for real-time pressure monitoring. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [136]. Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society. (D) Schematic illustration of the fabrication of MXene/rGO cotton fabrics for strain sensing, EMI shielding, energy storage, and Joule heating applications. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [137]. Copyright © 2021 Elsevier. (E) Schematic illustration of the fabrication of PSM organohydrogels for wearable wireless human motion monitoring sensors. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [144]. Copyright © 2022 Elsevier. (F) Schematics of the overall design of MXene/MWCNT-based smart mask for respiration monitoring. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [131]. Copyright © 2022 Elsevier. (G) Schematic illustration of the fabrication process of stretchable and self-healing MXene/PMN hydrogel for wearable epidermal sensor applications. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [145]. Copyright © 2022 Elsevier. (H) Applications of 3D MXene/PEDOT: PSS-based pressure sensing devices. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [146]. Copyright © 2022 American Chemical Society. (I) Wearable electromechanical sensor based on SnS/Ti3C2Tx for sign-to-text translation and sitting posture analysis. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [138]. Copyright © 2022 American Chemical Society.	PMC9313156	biosensors-12-00454-g007.jpg
0.45792	d05b255803ca4e668258ccf40a9d6d67	(A) Schematic illustration of the anti-NSE/amino-GQDs/Ag@Ti3C2Tx based fluorometric NSE detection. (B,C) FE-SEM images of Ag nanoparticles decorated Ti3C2Tx MXene at different magnifications. (D) Analytical performance of the anti-NSE/amino-GQDs/Ag@Ti3C2Tx based fluorescent biosensor toward NSE detection. (E) Graph showing the correlation between recovered fluorescence and NSE concentration, inset shows the corresponding calibration curve between recovered fluorescence and log NSE concentration in the range of 1 × 10−4–1.5 × 103 ng/mL. (F) Selectivity of the proposed biosensor. (G) Control experiment for the amino-GQDs/Ag@Ti3C2Tx electrode. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [152]. Copyright © 2022 Elsevier.	PMC9313156	biosensors-12-00454-g008.jpg
0.430595	52cc6d3287a54b25905028a6070a72fc	Schematic illustration of (A) MXene–based non-invasive sweat–cortisol sensor and (B) Thread–based electrochemical immunosensor fabrication for cortisol detection. (C) Amperometric responses for cortisol in the concentration range of 5–180 ng/mL at the applied potential +0.6 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) for 120 s (a). Calibration plot of the cortisol sensor (b). Reproduced with permission from Ref. [170]. Copyright © 2022 Elsevier.	PMC9313156	biosensors-12-00454-g009.jpg
0.43863	bf5368696dab4bda9d057c7f010b8544	(A) Schematic illustration of the fabrication of Chit/ChOx/Ti3C2Tx/GCE for the voltametric determination of cholesterol. (B) DPVs at the Chit/ChOx/Ti3C2Tx/GCE in different cholesterol concentrations in the presence of 1 mM Fe(CN)63−/4− containing 0.1 M KCl. Inset is the corresponding calibration plot for cholesterol. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [153]. Copyright © 2021 Elsevier. (C) Schematic representation of the fabrication of MXene decorated β−hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase. (D) Amperometric i−t curve at the Au-PCB/Ru/MXene−β−HBD−NAD+−GA−BSA electrode for the determination of β−HBA. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [172]. Copyright © 2020 Springer.	PMC9313156	biosensors-12-00454-g010.jpg
0.397626	70304915bf47403ab43d33c3ad65a135	(A) Schematic illustration of the fabrication of hydroxyapatite nanowire/MXene (UHAPNWs/MXene) composite membrane displaying hydrogen bonding interaction within the composite. (B) Bone regeneration applications of UHAPNWs/MXene nanocomposite. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [198]. Copyright © 2022 Elsevier. (C) Schematic illustration of the fabrication of Ti3C2Tx-bioactive glass scaffold for bone regeneration and ablation of cancer. (D) Tumor tissues stained by H&E, TUNEL, and Ki-67, and staining of heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney of tumor-bearing mice. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [189]. Copyright © 2019 Wiley. (E) Schematic illustration of the rapid production of cell spheroids using MXene. (F) Cell spheroid formation with varying MXene concentration and shaking speed. (G) Microscopic images of the cell migration and spheroid growth. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [185]. Copyright © 2021 MDPI.	PMC9313156	biosensors-12-00454-g011.jpg
0.448893	224fe6f08ddd4f5bb486be0c3f1224ca	Biomedical applications of MXenes.	PMC9313156	biosensors-12-00454-sch001.jpg
0.459036	6e84460342a0485187f0198d783445c9	Effects of two sequential treatments with Abelcet (30 mg/kg, i.v.) on MABP and HR in anesthetized NMRI mice (n = 5). The time of i.v. Abelcet injection is indicated by arrows. (A): mean arterial blood pressure (MABP); (B): heart rate (HR). The two MABP and HR curves (for 30 min from Abelcet administration) were compared using two-way ANOVA for repeated measurements followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparison tests. MABP and HR changes were similar after the Abelcet administrations.	PMC9313435	biomedicines-10-01764-g001.jpg
0.442606	45a8657308294ceca5e644e0e9f2ecc5	Effects of complement depletion with cobra venom factor (CVF, n = 6) and treatment with DF2593A (n = 6; C3a receptor antagonist) and SB290157 (C5a receptor antagonists; n = 6) on Abelcet-induced MABP and HR changes in anesthetized NMRI mice. The time of treatment with DF2593A, SB290157, or their vehicle and Abelcet injection is indicated by arrows. CVF was administered 18 and 2 h before anesthesia at doses of 30 and 100 U/kg, respectively, in a volume of 10 mL/kg. (A,C,E) Mean arterial blood pressure (MABP); (B,D,F) heart rate (HR). (A,B) Complement depletion with CVF; (C,D) treatment with DF2593A; (E,F) treatment with SB290157. SB: SB290157; Veh: vehicle. * p < 0.05. Vehicle- and CVF- or drug-treated groups were compared using two-way ANOVA for repeated measurements followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparison tests. Complement depletion with CVF lengthened the increase in MABP from min 8 after Abelcet administration, but did not alter HR. Treatment with DF2593A lengthened the increase in MABP from min 24 after Abelcet administration but did not alter HR. Treatment with SB290157 attenuated the increase in MABP at 1 and 2 min and from 15 min after Abelcet administration but did not alter HR.	PMC9313435	biomedicines-10-01764-g002.jpg
0.4574	a5068dabfaa5472c876e4e3659b631b6	An original recording of effects of C3a (63–77) peptide at 31.25 and 62.5 µg/kg bolus i.v. doses on blood pressure and heart rate in anesthetized C57Bl/6n mice. Arrows indicate the time of C3a (63–77) peptide administrations. Upper chart: pulsatile blood pressure (PP); Middle chart: heart rate (HR); Lower chart: mean arterial blood pressure (MABP). C3a (63–77) peptide caused a transient increase in MABP and HR.	PMC9313435	biomedicines-10-01764-g003.jpg
0.431914	8134ef9062a24139aea3916516b287c4	Effects of macrophage depletion with clodronate liposomes and platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibition with eptifibatide on the Abelcet-induced changes in MABP and HR in anesthetized NMRI mice. The time of treatment with eptifibatide or its vehicle and Abelcet injection is indicated by arrows. Clodronate or empty liposomes were injected via the tail vein at 200 mL/mouse (containing 1 mg clodronate) two days before the experiment. (A,C) Mean arterial blood pressure (MABP); (B,D) heart rate (HR). (A,B) Macrophage depletion with clodronate liposomes; (C,D) treatment with eptifibatide. Veh: vehicle. * p < 0.05. Vehicle- and clodronate- and eptifibatide-treated groups were compared using two-way ANOVA for repeated measurements followed by Dunnet’s multiple comparison tests. Macrophage depletion with clodronate liposomes lengthened the increase in MABP from min 12 after Abelcet administration, and decreased HR from 4 to 14 min after Abelcet administration. Treatment with eptifibatide lengthened the increase in MABP from 16 min after Abelcet administration but did not alter HR.	PMC9313435	biomedicines-10-01764-g004.jpg
0.456831	f99ab145e82e467086fefdcae394b42b	Effects of Abelcet on MABP and HR in anesthetized, control a complement depleted cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) or thromboxane prostanoid receptor (TP)-deficient and wild type (WT) C57BL/6N mice. (A,C) Effects of Abelcet on mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) and (B,D) on heart rate (HR) in COX-1- or TP-deficient and WT C57BL/6N mice. (A,B) Effects of Abelcet on MABP and HR in complement depleted TP-deficient and WT C57BL/6N mice. Complement depletion was accomplished with pretreatment with cobra venom factor (CVF). * p < 0.05 vs. wild type (WT) mice; # p < 0.05 between TP- and COX-1-deficient mice. WT and TP- or COX-1-deficient or control and complement depleted groups were compared using two-way ANOVA for repeated measurements followed by Dunnet’s multiple comparison tests. The effects of Abelcet on mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) was almost fully abolished in COX-1-deficient mice but heart rate (HR) was not affected. The Abelcet-induced hypertension was reverted to a transient hypotension in TP-deficient mice but heart rate (HR) was not affected. Depletion of complement with CVF caused a delayed hypertension in TP-deficient mice from 8 min, and HR was also significantly increased from 14 min after Abelcet administration.	PMC9313435	biomedicines-10-01764-g005.jpg
0.405992	fd5a0180326e46bcbaf46f22ae992574	Pediatric intensive care unit or ward treatment duration in days. Heliox treatment compared to standard therapy. [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]	PMC9313870	PPUL-57-1380-g001.jpg
0.42588	f8cb53c8b62244c39e883d1abfee3d01	Need for initiation of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment. Heliox treatment compared to standard therapy. [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]	PMC9313870	PPUL-57-1380-g002.jpg
0.449781	71687d52bc964fdc8a754d7378141b06	Change in modified Woods Clinical Asthma Scale score from baseline 1 and 4 h after the initiation of treatment. Heliox treatment compared to standard therapy. [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]	PMC9313870	PPUL-57-1380-g003.jpg
0.466061	911bb3c2a4f948abb592b5872e5a5773	Need for endotracheal intubation. Heliox treatment compared to standard therapy. [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]	PMC9313870	PPUL-57-1380-g004.jpg
0.399642	5ab3df997da14039835f9240ed5ef599	Risk of bias assessment of the included studies. [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]	PMC9313870	PPUL-57-1380-g005.jpg
0.480938	2f6e247a0b5a4c99a3696da1cb3662f7	PRISMA flow chart of the review process. [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]	PMC9313870	PPUL-57-1380-g006.jpg
0.48508	4bde9dee02b949dcbcb25b2aa2160bbf	Implications of mitochondrial epigenetics on inflammation, cancer and aging. (A). Three major pathways regulating mitochondrial epigenetics. (B). Extrusion of mtDNA into the cytosol induces inflammation (Type I IFN response) via activated cGAS/STING pathway. (C). Epigenetic silencing of cGAS/STING promoter region correlates with cancer prognosis.	PMC9314556	fcell-10-929708-g001.jpg
0.506196	041b2fcbf0314579935e1b92284b4ae5	Mitoepigenetic regulation of inflammation in cancer or aging. (A) Hypoxia as an oncogenic stimulus, it turns on the HRFs. HRFs alter mtDNMT activity as well as the expression of TFAM. They can combinatorially lead to several mtDNA alterations and the release of mtDNA into the cytosol. Extrusion of cytosolic mtDNA can trigger the formation of NLRP3 inflammosome, elevated inflammation culminating in cancer or aging. (B) mitomiRs are capable of altering TFAM expression as well as mitochondrial membrane potential and metabolic status. These two pathways can converge on the apoptotic fate of cell, thereby leading to cancer or aging.	PMC9314556	fcell-10-929708-g002.jpg

0.493104

ec5cc463f2ce4634b923272752efd205

Correlation of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell response from fresh whole blood CoVITEST with classic T cell IFN-γELISpot Convalescent COVID-19 donors at two weeks, three and six months after the first positive RT-PCR test. Linear regression analysis by comparing the number of CD4+ IFN-γ+ CD69+ T cells from whole blood with specific T cells quantified by IFN-γELISpot (n = 51).

PMC9295597

fimmu-13-848586-g003.jpg

0.492816

9c0cc286109a4e88892eba76aebfcdb7

Distribution of the cellular immune response to SARS-CoV-2 by IFN-γELISpot, CoVITEST and antibodies against the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) of the spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 (IgG, IgA or IgM) by Luminex in 51 COVID-19 patients.

PMC9295597

fimmu-13-848586-g004.jpg

0.53579

8eaf6d1b55c44656ac56a697a28fe0d9

SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell response at baseline and two weeks after the second vaccine dose in healthy unexposed donors. SARS-CoV-2 specific T cells (CD4+ IFN-γ+ CD69+) after stimulation with spike and nucleocapsid SARS-CoV-2 peptide pools at baseline and two weeks after the second vaccine dose. Each dot represents an individual subject. *Statistical comparison at baseline and post-vaccination was performed with the Wilcoxon test.

PMC9295597

fimmu-13-848586-g005.jpg

0.462538

c6f1d4a41564473ea785aca4ff5d9f80

Flowchart to describe the enrolled study population. CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; ADA, adenosine deaminase; RBC, red blood cell.

PMC9295904

fcimb-12-858724-g001.jpg

0.462202

5574e005cd5440849f220057970bc3e4

Clinical and laboratory characteristics among the definite TBM, VM, and HM groups. ADA, adenosine deaminase; TBM, tuberculous meningitis; VM, viral meningitis; HM, hematologic malignancy; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; PMN, polymorphonuclear neutrophils.

PMC9295904

fcimb-12-858724-g002.jpg

0.418222

fa74da5ff1fc45778a493d059b21ff64

Analysis of the relationship between SNHG expression and OS/PFI of 499 patients with prostate cancer using one-way Cox regression, presented using forest plots.

PMC9296331

OMCL2022-1747604.001.jpg

0.519612

9130b638d72b45739d1c75437590f3dc

Relationship between six SNHGs and clinical and pathological characteristics of PC patients. (a) Box plots indicating the expression of six SNHGs in normal prostate tissue samples (n = 52) and prostate tumor tissue samples (n = 499). (b) Dot plots indicating the expression of six SNHG2 in 52 pairs of normal prostate samples and prostate tumor tissue samples (Wilcoxon signed rank test). (c) Box plots indicating the expression of six SNHGs in PC tumor tissues with low Gleason's score (6 & 7) (n = 293) and high Gleason's score (8 & 9 & 10) (n = 206). (d) Box plots indicating the expression of six SNHGs in PC tumor tissues with T2 stage (n = 189) and T3 & T4 stage (n = 303). (e) Box plots indicating the expression of six SNHGs in PC tumor tissues with (n = 347) or without (n = 79) lymph node metastasis. (f) ROC curve for six SNHGs in adjacent normal prostate samples and PC tumor samples. ns indicates not significant, ∗ indicates p < 0.05, ∗∗ indicates p < 0.01, and ∗∗∗ indicates p < 0.001, by Wilcoxon rank sum test or Wilcoxon signed rank test.

PMC9296331

OMCL2022-1747604.002.jpg

0.460413

dfe21959af8f4171a1c4548a3b8b78dd

LASSO analysis further confirmed SNHG17 to be a potential prognostic marker for PC and prediction model construction. (a) A total of 33 SNHGs were further analyzed by LASSO analysis to explore potential risk factors for the OS of PC patients. (b) LASSO coefficient profiles. (c) The risk score, survival status, and heat map of eight SNHGs in patients with PC. (d) A nomogram for predicting the probability of 3-, 5-, and 7-year OS in PC patients. (e) Calibration plots validating the efficiency of nomograms for the OS of PC patients.

PMC9296331

OMCL2022-1747604.003.jpg

0.453759

ec7d2be27cdb44cf842bc9b43800e385

DEGs related to SNHG17 and enrichment analysis of DEGs in prostate cancer. (a, b) Volcano plots of the DEGs and heat map showing the top 13 DEGs. (c, d) Enrichment plots from the gene set enrichment analysis. (e) Plots from GO/KEGG analysis indicating the biological processes related to SNHG17 in prostate cancer. (f) Chord diagram indicating the enriched biological processes related to SNHG17 and significantly correlated DEGs to each biological process.

PMC9296331

OMCL2022-1747604.004.jpg

0.453034

cbde93130623497da799f7df3696f7db

Relationship between SNHG17 and the infiltration level of immune cells in PC. (a) Correlation between SNHG17 and immune infiltration in PC by the ssGSEA method. (b–j) Correlation analysis between SNHG17 and the infiltration level of each immune cell was plotted separately by Spearman's correlation coefficient analysis.

PMC9296331

OMCL2022-1747604.005.jpg

0.428202

0080ddb1f89d4f32b3650dc5ee34bb00

Construction of the ceRNA network. (a) Thirty-seven ceRNAs of SNHG17 were predicted by ENCORI. (b) Plot indicating the ranking of 37 ceRNAs in the DEGs related to SNHG17. (c, d) Correlation analysis between SNHG17 and UBE2M/OTUB1 by Spearman's correlation analysis. (e) Subcellular localization of SNHG17 analyzed by lncLocator. (f–h) Correlation analysis between SNHG17 and miR-23a-3p/23b-3p/23c by Spearman's correlation analysis. (i) Predicted binding sites of SNHG17 and miR-23a-3p/23b-3p/23c by ENCORI. (j) The triple regulatory network in PC. Red circle indicates lncRNA, blue square indicates mRNA, and yellow triangle indicates miRNAs.

PMC9296331

OMCL2022-1747604.006.jpg

0.441708

e46cb040d8b646eaa7779bd90f342153

SNHG17 is overexpressed in PC tumors and correlates with tumor progression. (a) Analysis of SNHG17 expression in 61 BPH tissues and 52 pairs of benign prostate tissues and prostate cancer tissues by qRT–PCR (one-way ANOVA). (b) SNHG17 expression between PC tumor tissues with T1-T2a stage and T2b-T2c stage. (c) SNHG17 expression between PC tumor tissues with low Gleason scores and high Gleason scores. (d) SNHG17 expression in one normal prostate epithelial cell line and four prostate cancer cell lines (one-way ANOVA). (e) High SNHG17 expression positively correlated with poor BCR-free survival by Kaplan–Meier plotting (Cox regression analysis). (f) OTUB1 expression between 52 pairs of benign prostate tissues and prostate cancer tissues by qRT–PCR. (g) Correlation between SNHG17 and OTUB1 expression in 52 PC tumor tissues by Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis. (h) OTUB1 expression between PC tumor tissues with low Gleason's score (≤7, n = 35) and those with high Gleason's score (>7, n = 17) by qRT–PCR. (i) Representative images of IHC staining of OTUB1 in PC tumor tissues with low or high Gleason's score. Magnification = 200x. (j) The intensity of OTUB1 staining in PC tumor tissues with low (n = 3) or high Gleason's scores (n = 3) was analyzed and compared. ∗∗ indicates p < 0.01, analyzed by Student's t-test or one-way ANOVA.

PMC9296331

OMCL2022-1747604.007.jpg

0.45871

b5e771680fdb4ae0b1b75b73df1a6a68

Validation of the SNHG17/miR-23a-3p/OTUB1 axis in prostate cancer. (a) The binding sites and sequences between SNHG17 and miR-23a-3p and miR-23a-3p and OTUB1. A dual luciferase reporter assay was performed to evaluate the interactions between luciferase reporter vectors containing wild-type SNHG17 or mutant SNHG17 in (b) RV-1 and (c) PC-3 cells. (d) RIP assay was performed to assess the enrichment of SNHG17, miR-23a, and OTUB1 in IgG or AGO2 pulled-down RNA products. (e) qRT–PCR analysis indicated that overexpression of miR-23a-3p decreased the mRNA expression of OTUB1, while knockdown of miR-23a-3p prompted the expression of OTUB1 in PC cells. (f) Western blot revealed a similar result that miR-23a-3p modulated OTUB1 protein expression. A dual luciferase reporter assay was performed to evaluate the interaction between miR-23a-3p and the 3′UTR of the OTUB1 gene. A luciferase reporter vector containing wild-type OTUB1 or mutant OTUB1 was cotransfected with negative control or miR-23a-3p mimics into (g) RV-1 and (h) PC-3 cells. (i) Western blot analysis suggested that knockdown of SNHG17 significantly decreased OTUB1 expression, while dual knockdown of SNHG17 and miR-23a-3p restored OTUB1 expression. (j, k) Transwell assays showed that knockdown of SNHG17 inhibited cell invasion, and reexpression of OTUB1 in SNHG17-knockdown cells rescued the cell invasive capacity (one-way ANOVA). Invaded cells were captured in three random visual fields at a magnification of 200x. ∗ indicates p < 0.05 and ∗∗ indicates p < 0.01, analyzed by Student's t-test or one-way ANOVA.

PMC9296331

OMCL2022-1747604.008.jpg

0.47181

61440487eea640ae9bb60ccdede90815

Diagram indicating the SNHG17-related ceRNA network in PC. SNHG17 competitively interacts with miR-23a-3p/23b-3p/23c and releases the expression of UBE2M and OTUB1, thereby promoting the tumorigenesis of prostate cancer and inhibiting the activation and infiltration of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment.

PMC9296331

OMCL2022-1747604.009.jpg

0.423775

48be8ba2de82486dbb42179029282283

A. Study area in Brazil. B. Schedule of events in Pau da Lima, Salvador, Brazil. Capture, environmental assessment, chemical intervention stratified by valley during the study period.

PMC9299319

pone.0270568.g001.jpg

0.409142

8bbe16ecdf1844039687289e7146e785

A. Area of study and distribution of households visited with or without need for rodenticide application in Pau da Lima, Salvador, Brazil. B. Number of rodenticide applications among households in need in Pau da Lima, Salvador, Brazil.

PMC9299319

pone.0270568.g002.jpg

0.410891

a64544e736764313a764f3eb43f611f7

Valley 1 and Valley 3 respectively: a and h) kernel Density Estimation (KDE) of the 1st rodent capture campaign, b and i) Kernel Ratio (KR) of closed households by the total of households, c and j) KR of households that need rodenticide control by evaluated households, d and l) KR of rodenticide application in households by households that need for rodent control, e and m) KDE of the 2nd rodent capture campaign, f and n) KDE of the 3rd rodent capture campaign, g and o) Polygons of hot areas of households that need for rodent control identified by agents of the Zoonoses Control Center of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.In valley 1 and valley 3 the upper part of the area was not shown in some figures due to the absence of rodent capture campaign at this site.

PMC9299319

pone.0270568.g003.jpg

0.440686

29d1f7b61d2740c2859d2a1094187645

Analysis of inner retinal layer reflectivity. Segmentation of the inner retinal layers, where the optical intensity was analyzed in eyes with (A) central retinal artery occlusion and (B) the unaffected fellow eye.

PMC9299355

fmed-09-854288-g001.jpg

0.398517

5788c1e5ef8b48cb9f514e683809cc6b

Distribution of optical intensity of in eye with central retinal artery occlusion and unaffected fellow eyes. Histogram (A) and box plot (B) showing the distribution of optical intensity in the eyes with CRAO (red) and in the unaffected fellow eyes (cyan). Differences in optical intensity were highly significant (p < 0.001).

PMC9299355

fmed-09-854288-g002.jpg

0.454068

5fb9ea1ae3d9484195905afb6a897444

Optical intensity over time of the affected and unaffected fellow eye. Optical intensity of the inner retinal layers differs significantly in acute central retinal artery occlusion between the affected (red) and the unaffected fellow eye (cyan). Time did not have an impact or correlation on the optical intensity increase of the inner retinal layers (R2adj = 0.009). The red line marks the optimal cut-off value estimated with the ROC analysis.

PMC9299355

fmed-09-854288-g003.jpg

0.451944

c4d025ead9ef4687b1677618958664a9

Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. ROC analysis revealed an area under the curve of 0.99 with the optimal cut-off (sum of highest sensitivity and specificity) to confirm CRAO at an optical intensity of 149.46 revealing a true positive rate (TPR) of 0.93 and a false positive rate (FPR) of 0.02.

PMC9299355

fmed-09-854288-g004.jpg

0.417024

60cd466a88584a1983be059e6da5666a

Optical intensity of potential differential diagnoses of CRAO. Optical intensity of the study eye vs. fellow eye. Eyes with CRAO showed a significant higher optical intensity compared the other analyzed groups (A,C), whereas there are no differences between the groups of the fellow eyes (B). In none of the investigated differentials (CRVO, central retinal vein occlusion; N-AION, non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy; DME, diabetic macular edema; JK, Junius-Kuhnt degeneration, subretinal fibrosis/disciform scar) the inner retinal optical intensity compared to the fellow eye was significantly different (A,B). *level of statistically significant difference (padj ≤ 0.05) compared to CRAO.

PMC9299355

fmed-09-854288-g005.jpg

0.382262

e62364a8ba174c16b6d922896994f722

a) Molecular orbitals. b) PIO analysis on the bonding modes of Sn−Si in compound 5. The compound 5 is decomposed to two moieties, the Sn atom and the rest. Hydrogen atoms in 3D structures are omitted for clarity. The total PBI value of two fragments is 2.83. The isosurface 0.050 au is plotted.

PMC9300062

ANIE-61-0-g003.jpg

0.46085

0e97c38b15e346828f618cdb6418e5cf

Molecular structure of 5.[12] The asymmetric unit contains two independent molecules, only one is depicted. Thermal ellipsoids are drawn at the 50 % probability level. H atoms are omitted for clarity.

PMC9300062

ANIE-61-0-g008.jpg

0.428118

05a2320bec9349d599c04a258ccef8ea

Molecular structures of 2, 3 and 4.[12] Thermal ellipsoids are drawn at the 50 % probability level. H atoms and solvent molecules are omitted for clarity.

PMC9300062

ANIE-61-0-g009.jpg

0.478391

a9a3916ebd144af18fe7dbb2a46790aa

PIO analysis on the bonding modes of Sn−Si and Sn−Fe in compound 4. The compound 4 is decomposed to two moieties, the Sn atom and the rest. Hydrogen atoms in 3D structures are omitted for clarity. The total PBI value of two fragments is 3.68. The isosurface 0.050 au is plotted.

PMC9300062

ANIE-61-0-g010.jpg

0.426001

72c8989e150147b8966a3f28f5fa0493

Nonprescription medication use by age groups (N = 862)

PMC9301842

12877_2022_3289_Fig1_HTML.jpg

0.503062

15fe6eccac9d4e0cbf5708ffd94271e0

Profiles of the three patient groups derived from latent class analysis (model-based prevalence, %) (N = 1,080)

PMC9301842

12877_2022_3289_Fig2_HTML.jpg

0.425281

d01f012868d34e7eb76908b4c42baf4f

Flowchart depicting participant enrolment and study process.

PMC9302760

pone.0270065.g001.jpg

0.447569

b1dd67967fa540b59033c7de1dc97f35

High-resolution (1 km × 1 km) predictions of summer cloudiness, albedo and cloud radiative effects (CRE) over the Greenland Ice Sheet derived from fusing different satellite datasets with machine learning.a cloud fraction, defined as the frequency of cloud cover (b) cloudiness, defined as the percentage reduction of shortwave radiative fluxes at the surface due to clouds; (c) surface albedo; (d) cloud radiative effect on shortwave radiation received at the ice surface; (e) cloud radiative effect on longwave radiation received at the surface; (f) cloud radiative effect on net all-wave radiation at the surface. This product was derived by fusing CloudSat/CALIPSO radiative flux and MODIS cloud and surface albedo products.

PMC9304359

41467_2022_31434_Fig1_HTML.jpg

0.431589

352c0dc73e1843748d21d7c69e4195e1

Correlative relationships between summer cloudiness and radiative fluxes at the ice sheet surface.a Net shortwave response to cloudiness in the accumulation zone, (b) Net shortwave response to cloudiness in the ablation zone, (c) Downward longwave response to cloudiness in the accumulation zone, (d) Downward longwave response to cloudiness in the ablation zone. Note that x and y axes are scaled to the same range. The slopes of these relationships signify the sensitivity of radiative fluxes to changes in summer cloudiness.

PMC9304359

41467_2022_31434_Fig2_HTML.jpg

0.385846

53eaf3c9d72a45f9bc25fd4722b2c31a

Radiative effects of all summer atmospheric blocking events on the surface of the Greenland Ice Sheet relative to mean (2003–2020) conditions.(a) cloudiness; (b) net shortwave radiative fluxes; (c) downward longwave radiative fluxes; (d) allwave radiative fluxes. Blocking days, which were provided by Ward et al.25, have a net positive (warming) effect on radiation receipt at the surface of the ablation zone.

PMC9304359

41467_2022_31434_Fig3_HTML.jpg

0.407356

dd4e55d59d6a4198a779ccc29b608f12

Sensitivity of net shortwave radiation to changes in summer cloudiness for a range of climate scenarios.Black line represents the current observed sensitivity derived from our high-resolution radiative flux products with shaded areas representing uncertainty (see Methods). Red, orange, and yellow lines represent projected changes in sensitivity for SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP5-8.5 scenarios based on the ensemble mean summer air temperature of 26 models from the CMIP6 experiment. Shaded areas represent the 25th and 75th percentile projections of all models.

PMC9304359

41467_2022_31434_Fig4_HTML.jpg

0.396828

b627edae61f543428d5efdf5d7461f84

Mean insulin units before and after the treatment in the two studied groups

PMC9305049

40200_2022_1085_Fig1_HTML.jpg

0.454284

6d61666c55ae41329d2c994ab337bf32

Mean weight loss (%) at the two timepoints of the study after the psycho-nutritional treatment (PNT) and the conventional treatment (CT). PNT allowed a significant weight loss at the end of the treatment (~10 weeks) and after one year, whereas the CT did not significantly affect weight changes. Data adjusted for baseline age, treatment duration and glucose control therapy

PMC9305049

40200_2022_1085_Fig2_HTML.jpg

0.43139

11db75c579b746888827dc3662021bd1

Weight changes at the end of the treatment (A) and after one year (B) were related to HbA1c variation at the same time points in the whole study population

PMC9305049

40200_2022_1085_Fig3_HTML.jpg

0.427597

73a88a35c6b94e2d9fa68e09178f752e

Relation between insulin doses and percentage of weight loss at the end of the treatment (A) and after one year (B)

PMC9305049

40200_2022_1085_Fig4_HTML.jpg

0.424245

46bd9e37530846c69535fdbb12209379

Gender based differences in glycaemic control in patients and controls.

PMC9305306

fnut-09-900422-g0001.jpg

0.46124

531bbe37d85e4557b55fa45aba13a08e

Comparison between T1D patients and controls of items included in Feel4Diabetes healthy score.

PMC9305306

fnut-09-900422-g0002.jpg

0.436115

c7434380046f4596a2076ba634ed34f9

(A) Example of potassium-sensing oligonucleotide (PSO) 1 consisting of oligonucleotide-carrying TBA sequence, peptide linker with biotin, and FRET chromophore pair of FAM and TAMRA. (B) PSO localized on a cell surface through sugar chain, concanavalin A (ConA), and avidin (left) or biotinylated membrane protein, avidin (right). Black circle: biotin; red circle: FRET chromophore pair.

PMC9306769

fchem-10-922094-g001.jpg

0.431157

097d322afd60413bb1a0455124dd388e

(A) Fluorescence spectra of 0.2 μM 1, 0.3 μM StAv in the absence (red) or presence (blue) of 150 mM KCl, 20 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.4) without (A) or with 145 mM NaCl (B).

PMC9306769

fchem-10-922094-g002.jpg

0.41021

49ced6047414457c825a269a663eb52e

ΔRatio of 0.2 μM 1 in the absence (−) or presence (+) of 0.3 μM streptavidin (StAv) in 20 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.4) under several cations; 150 mM KCl, 145 mM NaCl, 2 mM MgCl2, 2 mM CaCl2, 20 mM CH3COONH4, or 150 mM LiCl. Ex: 495 nm.

PMC9306769

fchem-10-922094-g003.jpg

0.379809

c8e9b6aabf554da4b47679216f01744b

(A) Extracell imaging by 1-StAv-ConA, (B) fluorescence ratio of Fred/Fgreen (Fred: F.I. of 550–640 nm,/Fgreen: F.I. of 495–540 nm) after adding KCl, λ ex = 488 nm. (C) Extracell imaging by 1-StAv-sulfo-NHS-biotin, (D) fluorescence ratio of Fred/Fgreen after adding KCl, λ ex = 488 nm. (↑) indicates the change of DMEM medium.

PMC9306769

fchem-10-922094-g004.jpg

0.417354

d75b874278644752a99c74cae00f16cf

(A) Cell surface imaging by 1-StAv-ConA after adding 10 μM Amphotericin B, 10 μM Bumetanide, and 10 μM Ouabain/DMEM at 11 min (↑), (B) fluorescence ratio of Fred/Fgreen (Fred: F.I. of 575–595 nm,/Fgreen: F.I. of 508–528 nm), λ ex = 488 nm in all cells. (C) Extracell imaging by 1-StAv-sulfo-NHS-biotin and (D) fluorescence ratio of Fred/Fgreen (Fred: F.I. of 554–620 nm, Fgreen: F.I. of 500–554 nm), λ ex = 488 nm after adding 26 μM Amphotericin B at 11 min (↑). The three cells shown in (C) were surrounded by ROI (region of interests), and their fluorescence ratios were shown in (D).

PMC9306769

fchem-10-922094-g005.jpg

0.379548

483ea4ccee0d4a808ea98fcd42fdaee2

The anti-fungal activity of different extracts concentration to Gloeophyllum trabeum (A. extracts; B. bacteria inhibition zone of different extract concentration on agar plates after incubating specified time; C. the bacteria inhibition diameter of extract).

PMC9307973

fpls-13-906041-g001.jpg

0.398882

0327aef5efb4424384a802e5b7408add

mRNA expression in extract-treated Gloeophyllum trabeum (A. differences in expression between control and extract-treated samples; B. expression levels in the control and extract-treated samples; C: expression profiling of differential expressed genes between control and extract-treated samples).

PMC9307973

fpls-13-906041-g002.jpg

0.417109

18735a432b9e4ca393005e2bb4cdd500

Functional annotations of differential expressed genes between control and extract-treated samples with GO (A) and KEGG (B) pathway analysis.

PMC9307973

fpls-13-906041-g003.jpg

0.51296

32b2bdcd1f334ddc9530d701cb45e458

Predicted mechanisms of extractive’s toxicity of extractives.

PMC9307973

fpls-13-906041-g004.jpg

0.504687

9d1eef27b40a482786ced27e9904aa92

Thematic map of barriers to understanding the Care Information Exchange (CIE) information.

PMC9308067

jmir_v24i7e37226_fig1.jpg

0.406627

a0023bc862ae42819099c3a3ae7f347b

Cumulative sum (CUSUM) curve for optical coherence tomography (OCT)-assisted diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) (n = 400), with p0 = 16% and p1 = 25% for cut-off value level of confidence ≥ 2 and ≥ 3.

PMC9309705

ActaDV-100-19-5942-g001.jpg

0.439391

46d7ca04d785475aa9e4513dcb4f80b5

Clinical photographs. (a) Symmetrically distributed erythematous papules and reticulated pattern on the chest and (b) on the back.

PMC9309836

ActaDV-100-18-5932-g001.jpg

0.379856

74bc33ec37004389aa0dc9db00a3aff0

Number of participants according to each time point. FU2, follow-up 2.

PMC9310189

bmjopen-2021-055986f01.jpg

0.423974

047c6f6e97ec48869d9e2cee681770df

Design of the study. FU1, follow-up 1; FU2, follow-up 2; TBI, traumatic brain injury.

PMC9310189

bmjopen-2021-055986f02.jpg

0.461773

d7cd7fbc4cc94201bc326ca718bb1c25

(A) Metachromatic MCs (arrowheads) among adipocytes (asterisks) in the hypodermis of euthyroid rats. Scale bar, 150 µm. (B) Numerous metachromatic MCs (arrowheads) among adipocytes (asterisks) in the hypodermis of hypothyroid rats. Scale bar, 300 µm. (C) Metachromatic MCs (arrowheads) among acini (asterisks) in the exorbital glands of euthyroid rats. Scale bar, 250 µm. (D) Numerous MCs (arrowheads) in the connective tissue among acini (asterisks) in the exorbital glands of hypothyroid rats. Scale bar, 300 µm. (E) Safranin positive MCs (arrowheads) in the exorbital glands of hypothyroid rats. Scale bar, 75 µm. (F) Degranulating MCs (arrowheads) in the exorbital glands of hypothyroid rats. Note the numerous granules released into the tissue microenvironment (asterisk). Scale bar, 20 µm. (G) MCs number/mm2 and histamine ng/g tissue in euthyroid and hypothyroid rat tissues. * p < 0.05. (A–D,F) Toluidine blue at pH 4.2; (E) AB/safranin staining.

PMC9311769

animals-12-01840-g001.jpg

0.550563

ed751876847e420696e5d1aed06500e3

(A) Electron micrograph of a cutaneous mast cell surrounded by collagen fibers from euthyroid rat. The cytoplasm contains numerous electron-dense granules. (B) A mast cell (Stage II) in the exorbital gland from hypothyroid rat; (C) a mast cell (Stage III) in the exorbital gland from hypothyroid rat. Note the numerous granules released into the tissue microenvironment (*). (D) A fully degranulating mast cell in the exorbital gland from hypothyroid rat. (A–D) Scale bars, 5 µm (original magnification).

PMC9311769

animals-12-01840-g002.jpg

0.440204

62cfb742147846c4819ff9ebdfc94d19

Prevalence of MRSA/MSSA in patients with VAP in ICU. p-value by Chi-squared test for trend in proportions. ICU: intensive care unit. MRSA/MSSA: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus/methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus. VAP: ventilator-associated pneumonia.

PMC9312185

antibiotics-11-00851-g001.jpg

0.443716

0ba6b6e586f04cfbb3366ebb39c855c6

Prevalence of MRSA in patients with VAP in ICU (a). Prevalence of MSSA in patients with VAP in ICU (b). p-value by Chi-squared test for trend in proportions. ICU: intensive care unit. MRSA: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. MSSA: methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus. VAP: ventilator-associated pneumonia.

PMC9312185

antibiotics-11-00851-g002a.jpg

0.399859

e006bdf89a0b43fd8bf01cb97212a90d

Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of the process of rFasxiatorN17R, L19E expression and purification. (a) Lane 1: protein ladder (Ladder), Lane 2: bacteria pellet before IPTG induction (UI), Lane 3: bacteria pellet after IPTG induction (I), Lane 4: cell lysate (Lys), Lane 5: soluble fraction (S), Lane 6: insoluble fraction (IS), Lane 7: supernatant after step 1 washing of IS (W1), Lane 8: supernatant after step 2 washing of IS (W2), Lane 9: supernatant after step 3 washing of IS (W3); (b) Lane 1: protein ladder (Ladder), Lane 2: inclusion bodies resuspended in purification buffer (IB), Lane 3: flowthrough during sample application on Ni-NTA column (FT), Lane 4: wash 1 (Ni-NTA W1), Lane 5: wash 2 (Ni-NTA W2), Lane 6: wash 3 (Ni-NTA W3), Lane 7: elution (E), Lane 8: eluent after overnight incubation with thrombin (E + thr). Bands representing rFasxiatorN17R,L19E throughout the purification process are marked with a red star. The expected mass of the uncleaved his-tag-rFasxiatorN17R,L19E is approximately 12 kDa. The expected mass of rFasxiatorN17R, L19E after thrombin cleavage of 6×-His tag is approximately 7 kDa.

PMC9312835

biomedicines-10-01679-g001.jpg

0.479798

33fd7afed8844ee0b01a1d967369f671

Purification and validation of FXIa inhibition by rFasxiatorN17R, L19E. (a) RP-HPLC chromatogram of rFasxiatorN17R, L19E. The arrowed peak indicates the elution of rFasxiatorN17R, L19E. (b) ESI-MS deconvoluted spectrum of purified rFasxiatorN17R, L19E with an observed mass of 7585.8 Da, consistent with the mass of the protein calculated from the amino acid sequence. (c) Dose–response curve of FXIa inhibition by rFasxiatorN17R, L19E with IC50 = 1.44 ± 0.24 nM (n = 5).

PMC9312835

biomedicines-10-01679-g002.jpg

0.462792

72490cd3515b405fb0e56b9ccdf13fc6

Time course anticoagulant effect of rFasxiatorN17R, L19E in rats. Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT, red open circles, left y-axis) and prothrombin time (PT, pink solid triangles, right y-axis) of rat plasma collected at 2, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 90, and 120 min after a single i.v. bolus injection of rFasxiatorN17R, L19E (n = 3). Baseline APTT and PT (time = 0 min) are plotted as red and pink dotted lines, respectively. ** indicates that p ≤ 0.01; * indicates that p ≤ 0.05.

PMC9312835

biomedicines-10-01679-g003.jpg

0.490716

b8464406cec04650b434bf51879ba175

FeCl3-induced carotid artery thrombosis (CAT) and tail bleeding model in rats. (a) Time-to-occlusion (TTO) of the FeCl3-induced CAT model in rats treated with rFasxiatorN17R, L19E at 0.05 (n = 6), 0.2 (n = 6), 0.5 (n = 6), and 2 (n = 4) mg/kg were plotted as red open circles. Tail bleeding time (TBT) of rats treated with rFasxiatorN17R, L19E at 0.05 (n = 6), 0.2 (n = 6), 0.5 (n = 6), and 2 (n = 6) mg/kg were plotted as pink solid triangles. The gray dash line represents the maximum observation duration of 60 min in both models. (b) TTO of the FeCl3-induced CAT model in rats treated with unfractionated heparin (UFH) at 50 (n = 5), 100 (n = 6), 200 (n = 7), 300 (n = 5), and 432 (n = 5) U/kg were plotted as dark green open circles. TBT of rats treated with UFH at 100 (n = 6), 200 (n = 7), 300 (n = 5), and 432 (n = 5) U/kg were plotted as light green solid triangles. The gray dotted line represents the maximum observation duration of 60 min in both models.

PMC9312835

biomedicines-10-01679-g004.jpg

0.426256

e0526501837c4c3a8c804bb691622f65

Inferior vena cava (IVC) ligation and tail bleeding model in mice. (a) Weight of thrombus from the inferior vena cava ligation of mice treated with saline (gray, n = 8), enoxaparin (purple, n = 8), 5 mg/kg rFasxiatorN17R, L19E (red checked, n = 8), and 10 mg/kg rFasxiatorN17R, L19E (solid red, n = 9). ** indicates that p ≤ 0.01 in Tukey’s multiple comparison test. (b) Bleeding time following transection of mice tail (TBT) treated with saline (gray, n = 6), enoxaparin (purple, n = 8), 5 mg/kg rFasxiatorN17R, L19E (checkered red, n = 6), and 10 mg/kg rFasxiatorN17R, L19E (solid red, n = 5). (c) Hemoglobin assay of blood collected from the transected tail of mice that were treated with saline (gray, n = 6), enoxaparin (purple, n = 8), 5 mg/kg rFasxiatorN17R, L19E (red checkered, n = 6), and 10 mg/kg rFasxiatorN17R, L19E (solid red, n = 5) 24 h before the procedure.

PMC9312835

biomedicines-10-01679-g005.jpg

0.483076

abe6dd5c7da7421296dee6c789622fcd

Example of a dichoptic environment used by the platform evaluated that is seen through red-green glasses (only one eye sees the red superman and the other one the rest of the elements).

PMC9312954

brainsci-12-00815-g001.jpg

0.405178

fb7e109f782942119b8593cd1530e2a0

Distribution of the pre-and post-therapy measurements of near stereoacuity in the whole sample evaluated.

PMC9312954

brainsci-12-00815-g002.jpg

0.433014

a484c75c71934799b3c7f556662bcea7

Scatter plot showing the relationship between the change in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in the non-dominant eye and the baseline BCVA in such eye. The adjusting line to the data obtained by means of the least-squares fit is shown.

PMC9312954

brainsci-12-00815-g003.jpg

0.432496

b69ef8c8bc1d4a748c8166e261eb04ce

Scatter plot showing the relationship between the change in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in the non-dominant eye and the baseline binocular function (BF) score. The adjusting line to the data obtained by means of the least-squares fit is shown.

PMC9312954

brainsci-12-00815-g004.jpg

0.470135

46112f90a5b04166b51b94ad0ff48db7

Distribution of the pre-and post-therapy measurements of near stereoacuity in the groups of anisometropic and isometropic amblyopia.

PMC9312954

brainsci-12-00815-g005.jpg

0.538338

7fa7682609274fdbb2d75fa0b6d7eabb

Structure of an artificial neuron. Each neuron receives n weighted inputs (Wn) and a bias (b). First, a weighted sum of each input (X) is calculated. The bias (b) is added to the sum, and the final output/activation (O) is calculated by the activation function (Θ).

PMC9313085

biomedicines-10-01469-g001.jpg

0.435783

1be69201880142b6b88218f6d31e4fc1

Basic structure of an artificial neural network with three inputs. A neural network consists of artificial neurons, which calculate weighted sums with N input parameters. The output range of an individual neuron will be limited before passing via the application of an activation function. Neurons are arranged in a layered structure, where each neuron receives the activation of all neurons of the previous layer as input parameters. ANNs with more than one layer between the input and output layer (hidden layers) are called deep neural networks. X = Initial input of the network. O = Final output of the network.

PMC9313085

biomedicines-10-01469-g002.jpg

0.416801

a88e216c229641a1a3ace424f0127172

Relationship between the parameter Θ and the objective function J(Θ). The colour gradient indicates high (red) and low (blue) values of J(Θ).

PMC9313085

biomedicines-10-01469-g003.jpg

0.423622

b177bae2ae7b4e5db1c577c34ed5dea5

Difference between Nesterov’s Momentum update and the Regular Momentum update.

PMC9313085

biomedicines-10-01469-g004.jpg

0.379739

c0df2f5ed7594116bd79359d115956c0

General structure and functioning of a convolutional neural network (CNN). (Top): Architecture of a CNN. A CNN usually contains a various number of convolutional layers, which are each directly followed by pooling/downsampling layers to both reduce the network complexity and abstract the input. The output of the last maximum pooling layer is flattened at the transition to the dense layer. 1: Convolution; 2: Convolution and pooling; and 3: Linearisation. (Middle): Depiction of the process of convolution Padding is indicated in gray. (Bottom): Depiction of Maximum Pooling with a radius of 1.5 for both axes. Pooling is performed by determining the maximum of each region (shown in different colours).

PMC9313085

biomedicines-10-01469-g005.jpg

0.407038

4393cc24193545efb2447cd8a22bf075

(Top): Number of published articles per year. (Bottom): Number of journals that published articles matching the following keywords: Artificial Neural Network, Deep Learning, Convolutional Neural Network, Fully Convolutional Neural Network, Generative Adversarial Network, Recurrent Neural Network and Graph Neural Network. Articles were fetched using the PubMed API (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/home/develop/api/, accessed on 27 January 2022).

PMC9313085

biomedicines-10-01469-g006.jpg

0.42123

cb2a1bd716fe4fa28f4cd0eaaad8b2b1

The top 10 journals between 2000 and 2021 with the overall most publications. Interestingly, in the last five years, journals with a bioanalytical scope (Sensors and Scientific Reports (Sci. Rep.) and PLOS One (PloS one)) had a high share.

PMC9313085

biomedicines-10-01469-g007.jpg

0.407081

c142d1fb9f664b5fbe8dfe5a528e4f03

Schematic representation of sequence of events leading from altered ganglioside composition of the neuronal membrane to pathological firing of neurons and epileptic seizures. Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) positioning is heavily influenced by the surrounding gangliosides. NKA is represented by Biorender.com (accessed on 26 April 2022), relying on PDB accession code 3B8E, according to [134], utilizing the Van Der Waals structure style and Hydrophobicity color style. Red color represents amino acids with more hydrophobic side chains, and blue represents amino acids with more hydrophilic side chains. Gangliosides (in space-filling model) are shown in purple.

PMC9313118

biomedicines-10-01518-g001.jpg

0.475348

a4fa3f3748ee44ef89a8798b00ba3672

(A) The periodic table highlighting the ‘M’, ‘A’, and ‘X’ elements of known MAX phases. (B) Schematic illustration of the synthesis of MXenes from MAX phases. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [46]. Copyright © 2022 Wiley.

PMC9313156

biosensors-12-00454-g001.jpg

0.416679

0580cb3d225441fdbb8c75492056f3f3

Schematic illustration of (A) Preparation of HAP/CS/HA/MXene/AuNRs microcapsules, and (B) Mechanism of pH/NIR-responsive drug release. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [54]. Copyright © 2021 Elsevier. (C) Schematic diagram for the synthesis of Ti3C2Tx nanosheets, (D) Dual-responsive drug release from Ti3C2Tx-CoNWs system, and (E) Chemo-photothermal therapy of Ti3C2Tx-CoNWs against cancer cells. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [49]. Copyright © 2020 Elsevier.

PMC9313156

biosensors-12-00454-g002.jpg

0.419429

809395bd646e43c78565593394357414

Schematic illustrations of (A) Functioning of stimuli-responsive MXene-hydrogel system. Drug release process of MXene-hydrogel (a), and deep chronic infected wound treated with MXene-hydrogel loaded with AgNPs (b). Reprinted with permission from Ref. [55]. Copyright © 2021 Wiley. (B) Synthesis of Ti3C2Tx/CuO2@BSA nanosheets for the generation of in situ nanosensitizer for sonodynamic tumor nanotherapy. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [75]. Copyright © 2022 American Chemical Society. (C) Multifunctional nanoplatform based on Nb2C for the NIR-II-induced photothermal/immune therapy for primary as well as recurrent cancer. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [77]. Copyright © 2021 Royal Society of Chemistry. (D) Ti3CN-based NIR-I- and NIR-II-induced photonic hyperthermia against in vivo tumors. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [78]. Copyright © 2021 Wiley.

PMC9313156

biosensors-12-00454-g003.jpg

0.42079

72240559cd4b46ccb6f2779bf251ce61

(A) Schematic illustration of the fabrication of MAP nanofibrous membrane for antimicrobial therapy. (B) A model of the Balb/c mice infected with S. aureus (a); An image of the antibacterial dressing using the MAP nanofibrous membrane (b); NIR-induced temperature increase in the S. aureus-infected mice wounds (c), and the corresponding thermal images (d). Reprinted with permission from Ref. [91]. Copyright © 2021 Elsevier. (C) Schematic diagram for the NIR-activated antimicrobial mechanism of Ti3C2Tx/CoNWs/SPEEK. (D) Synthesis process for the coating of Ti3C2Tx/CoNWs heterojunction on porous SPEEK. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [92]. Copyright © 2021 Elsevier.

PMC9313156

biosensors-12-00454-g004.jpg

0.436788

8140c6eb4066454aa4a2ffe0b190a57b

(A) Schematic illustration of the physical interaction of MXene-bacteriophage with bacteria leading to antimicrobial properties. (B) Pictures of bacteriophage spot assay indicating the improved stability of bacteriophage laden by MXene compared to the bacteriophage over different times. (C) Pictures of Shigella spot assay indicating the greater bacteria viability reduction in the presence of bacteriophage laden by Ti3C2Tx MXene compared to bacteriophage over different times. (D) The longevity of MXene-laden bacteriophage and free bacteriophage in water at 25 °C, over a period of 24 weeks incubation. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [100]. Copyright © 2022 Elsevier.

PMC9313156

biosensors-12-00454-g005.jpg

0.422245

15dd4a8de40e45669c9c7fecc457ecb2

(A) Schematic illustration of the MXene/Prussian blue-based wearable perspiration analysis system. (B) Oxygen-rich enzyme electrode. (C) Digital photograph of the wearable sensor patch on the skin connected to a portable electrochemical analyzer. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [130]. Copyright © 2019 Wiley. (D) Schematic illustration of the fabrication of MXene/protein nanocomposite-based breathable and degradable pressure sensor. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [132]. Copyright © 2021 American Chemical Society. (E) Schematic illustration of the fabrication of MXene composite nanofibrous scaffold-based pressure sensor. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [133]. Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society.

PMC9313156

biosensors-12-00454-g006.jpg

0.442738

6abc8402e08f412a8ab1829785fdeb57

(A) Schematic diagram of the preparation of MXene@ polyurethane non-woven fabric for tunable wearable strain/pressure sensor. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [134]. Copyright © 2020 Royal Society of Chemistry. (B) Schematics of the MXene-coated non-woven fabric for wearable heater and EMI Shielding applications. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [135]. Copyright © 2022 Elsevier. (C) A MXene-coated cotton fabric for real-time pressure monitoring. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [136]. Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society. (D) Schematic illustration of the fabrication of MXene/rGO cotton fabrics for strain sensing, EMI shielding, energy storage, and Joule heating applications. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [137]. Copyright © 2021 Elsevier. (E) Schematic illustration of the fabrication of PSM organohydrogels for wearable wireless human motion monitoring sensors. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [144]. Copyright © 2022 Elsevier. (F) Schematics of the overall design of MXene/MWCNT-based smart mask for respiration monitoring. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [131]. Copyright © 2022 Elsevier. (G) Schematic illustration of the fabrication process of stretchable and self-healing MXene/PMN hydrogel for wearable epidermal sensor applications. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [145]. Copyright © 2022 Elsevier. (H) Applications of 3D MXene/PEDOT: PSS-based pressure sensing devices. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [146]. Copyright © 2022 American Chemical Society. (I) Wearable electromechanical sensor based on SnS/Ti3C2Tx for sign-to-text translation and sitting posture analysis. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [138]. Copyright © 2022 American Chemical Society.

PMC9313156

biosensors-12-00454-g007.jpg

0.45792

d05b255803ca4e668258ccf40a9d6d67

(A) Schematic illustration of the anti-NSE/amino-GQDs/Ag@Ti3C2Tx based fluorometric NSE detection. (B,C) FE-SEM images of Ag nanoparticles decorated Ti3C2Tx MXene at different magnifications. (D) Analytical performance of the anti-NSE/amino-GQDs/Ag@Ti3C2Tx based fluorescent biosensor toward NSE detection. (E) Graph showing the correlation between recovered fluorescence and NSE concentration, inset shows the corresponding calibration curve between recovered fluorescence and log NSE concentration in the range of 1 × 10−4–1.5 × 103 ng/mL. (F) Selectivity of the proposed biosensor. (G) Control experiment for the amino-GQDs/Ag@Ti3C2Tx electrode. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [152]. Copyright © 2022 Elsevier.

PMC9313156

biosensors-12-00454-g008.jpg

0.430595

52cc6d3287a54b25905028a6070a72fc

Schematic illustration of (A) MXene–based non-invasive sweat–cortisol sensor and (B) Thread–based electrochemical immunosensor fabrication for cortisol detection. (C) Amperometric responses for cortisol in the concentration range of 5–180 ng/mL at the applied potential +0.6 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) for 120 s (a). Calibration plot of the cortisol sensor (b). Reproduced with permission from Ref. [170]. Copyright © 2022 Elsevier.

PMC9313156

biosensors-12-00454-g009.jpg

0.43863

bf5368696dab4bda9d057c7f010b8544

(A) Schematic illustration of the fabrication of Chit/ChOx/Ti3C2Tx/GCE for the voltametric determination of cholesterol. (B) DPVs at the Chit/ChOx/Ti3C2Tx/GCE in different cholesterol concentrations in the presence of 1 mM Fe(CN)63−/4− containing 0.1 M KCl. Inset is the corresponding calibration plot for cholesterol. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [153]. Copyright © 2021 Elsevier. (C) Schematic representation of the fabrication of MXene decorated β−hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase. (D) Amperometric i−t curve at the Au-PCB/Ru/MXene−β−HBD−NAD+−GA−BSA electrode for the determination of β−HBA. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [172]. Copyright © 2020 Springer.

PMC9313156

biosensors-12-00454-g010.jpg

0.397626

70304915bf47403ab43d33c3ad65a135

(A) Schematic illustration of the fabrication of hydroxyapatite nanowire/MXene (UHAPNWs/MXene) composite membrane displaying hydrogen bonding interaction within the composite. (B) Bone regeneration applications of UHAPNWs/MXene nanocomposite. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [198]. Copyright © 2022 Elsevier. (C) Schematic illustration of the fabrication of Ti3C2Tx-bioactive glass scaffold for bone regeneration and ablation of cancer. (D) Tumor tissues stained by H&E, TUNEL, and Ki-67, and staining of heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney of tumor-bearing mice. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [189]. Copyright © 2019 Wiley. (E) Schematic illustration of the rapid production of cell spheroids using MXene. (F) Cell spheroid formation with varying MXene concentration and shaking speed. (G) Microscopic images of the cell migration and spheroid growth. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [185]. Copyright © 2021 MDPI.

PMC9313156

biosensors-12-00454-g011.jpg

0.448893

224fe6f08ddd4f5bb486be0c3f1224ca

Biomedical applications of MXenes.

PMC9313156

biosensors-12-00454-sch001.jpg

0.459036

6e84460342a0485187f0198d783445c9

Effects of two sequential treatments with Abelcet (30 mg/kg, i.v.) on MABP and HR in anesthetized NMRI mice (n = 5). The time of i.v. Abelcet injection is indicated by arrows. (A): mean arterial blood pressure (MABP); (B): heart rate (HR). The two MABP and HR curves (for 30 min from Abelcet administration) were compared using two-way ANOVA for repeated measurements followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparison tests. MABP and HR changes were similar after the Abelcet administrations.

PMC9313435

biomedicines-10-01764-g001.jpg

0.442606

45a8657308294ceca5e644e0e9f2ecc5

Effects of complement depletion with cobra venom factor (CVF, n = 6) and treatment with DF2593A (n = 6; C3a receptor antagonist) and SB290157 (C5a receptor antagonists; n = 6) on Abelcet-induced MABP and HR changes in anesthetized NMRI mice. The time of treatment with DF2593A, SB290157, or their vehicle and Abelcet injection is indicated by arrows. CVF was administered 18 and 2 h before anesthesia at doses of 30 and 100 U/kg, respectively, in a volume of 10 mL/kg. (A,C,E) Mean arterial blood pressure (MABP); (B,D,F) heart rate (HR). (A,B) Complement depletion with CVF; (C,D) treatment with DF2593A; (E,F) treatment with SB290157. SB: SB290157; Veh: vehicle. * p < 0.05. Vehicle- and CVF- or drug-treated groups were compared using two-way ANOVA for repeated measurements followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparison tests. Complement depletion with CVF lengthened the increase in MABP from min 8 after Abelcet administration, but did not alter HR. Treatment with DF2593A lengthened the increase in MABP from min 24 after Abelcet administration but did not alter HR. Treatment with SB290157 attenuated the increase in MABP at 1 and 2 min and from 15 min after Abelcet administration but did not alter HR.

PMC9313435

biomedicines-10-01764-g002.jpg

0.4574

a5068dabfaa5472c876e4e3659b631b6

An original recording of effects of C3a (63–77) peptide at 31.25 and 62.5 µg/kg bolus i.v. doses on blood pressure and heart rate in anesthetized C57Bl/6n mice. Arrows indicate the time of C3a (63–77) peptide administrations. Upper chart: pulsatile blood pressure (PP); Middle chart: heart rate (HR); Lower chart: mean arterial blood pressure (MABP). C3a (63–77) peptide caused a transient increase in MABP and HR.

PMC9313435

biomedicines-10-01764-g003.jpg

0.431914

8134ef9062a24139aea3916516b287c4

Effects of macrophage depletion with clodronate liposomes and platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibition with eptifibatide on the Abelcet-induced changes in MABP and HR in anesthetized NMRI mice. The time of treatment with eptifibatide or its vehicle and Abelcet injection is indicated by arrows. Clodronate or empty liposomes were injected via the tail vein at 200 mL/mouse (containing 1 mg clodronate) two days before the experiment. (A,C) Mean arterial blood pressure (MABP); (B,D) heart rate (HR). (A,B) Macrophage depletion with clodronate liposomes; (C,D) treatment with eptifibatide. Veh: vehicle. * p < 0.05. Vehicle- and clodronate- and eptifibatide-treated groups were compared using two-way ANOVA for repeated measurements followed by Dunnet’s multiple comparison tests. Macrophage depletion with clodronate liposomes lengthened the increase in MABP from min 12 after Abelcet administration, and decreased HR from 4 to 14 min after Abelcet administration. Treatment with eptifibatide lengthened the increase in MABP from 16 min after Abelcet administration but did not alter HR.

PMC9313435

biomedicines-10-01764-g004.jpg

0.456831

f99ab145e82e467086fefdcae394b42b

Effects of Abelcet on MABP and HR in anesthetized, control a complement depleted cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) or thromboxane prostanoid receptor (TP)-deficient and wild type (WT) C57BL/6N mice. (A,C) Effects of Abelcet on mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) and (B,D) on heart rate (HR) in COX-1- or TP-deficient and WT C57BL/6N mice. (A,B) Effects of Abelcet on MABP and HR in complement depleted TP-deficient and WT C57BL/6N mice. Complement depletion was accomplished with pretreatment with cobra venom factor (CVF). * p < 0.05 vs. wild type (WT) mice; # p < 0.05 between TP- and COX-1-deficient mice. WT and TP- or COX-1-deficient or control and complement depleted groups were compared using two-way ANOVA for repeated measurements followed by Dunnet’s multiple comparison tests. The effects of Abelcet on mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) was almost fully abolished in COX-1-deficient mice but heart rate (HR) was not affected. The Abelcet-induced hypertension was reverted to a transient hypotension in TP-deficient mice but heart rate (HR) was not affected. Depletion of complement with CVF caused a delayed hypertension in TP-deficient mice from 8 min, and HR was also significantly increased from 14 min after Abelcet administration.

PMC9313435

biomedicines-10-01764-g005.jpg

0.405992

fd5a0180326e46bcbaf46f22ae992574

Pediatric intensive care unit or ward treatment duration in days. Heliox treatment compared to standard therapy. [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]

PMC9313870

PPUL-57-1380-g001.jpg

0.42588

f8cb53c8b62244c39e883d1abfee3d01

Need for initiation of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment. Heliox treatment compared to standard therapy. [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]

PMC9313870

PPUL-57-1380-g002.jpg

0.449781

71687d52bc964fdc8a754d7378141b06

Change in modified Woods Clinical Asthma Scale score from baseline 1 and 4 h after the initiation of treatment. Heliox treatment compared to standard therapy. [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]

PMC9313870

PPUL-57-1380-g003.jpg

0.466061

911bb3c2a4f948abb592b5872e5a5773

Need for endotracheal intubation. Heliox treatment compared to standard therapy. [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]

PMC9313870

PPUL-57-1380-g004.jpg

0.399642

5ab3df997da14039835f9240ed5ef599

Risk of bias assessment of the included studies. [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]

PMC9313870

PPUL-57-1380-g005.jpg

0.480938

2f6e247a0b5a4c99a3696da1cb3662f7

PRISMA flow chart of the review process. [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]

PMC9313870

PPUL-57-1380-g006.jpg

0.48508

4bde9dee02b949dcbcb25b2aa2160bbf

Implications of mitochondrial epigenetics on inflammation, cancer and aging. (A). Three major pathways regulating mitochondrial epigenetics. (B). Extrusion of mtDNA into the cytosol induces inflammation (Type I IFN response) via activated cGAS/STING pathway. (C). Epigenetic silencing of cGAS/STING promoter region correlates with cancer prognosis.

PMC9314556

fcell-10-929708-g001.jpg

0.506196

041b2fcbf0314579935e1b92284b4ae5

Mitoepigenetic regulation of inflammation in cancer or aging. (A) Hypoxia as an oncogenic stimulus, it turns on the HRFs. HRFs alter mtDNMT activity as well as the expression of TFAM. They can combinatorially lead to several mtDNA alterations and the release of mtDNA into the cytosol. Extrusion of cytosolic mtDNA can trigger the formation of NLRP3 inflammosome, elevated inflammation culminating in cancer or aging. (B) mitomiRs are capable of altering TFAM expression as well as mitochondrial membrane potential and metabolic status. These two pathways can converge on the apoptotic fate of cell, thereby leading to cancer or aging.

PMC9314556

fcell-10-929708-g002.jpg