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0.396242 | 7706d1f12cae4f9c9bf2004e389f03ed | Anterosuperior viewing portal of right shoulder. The liberator knife from the posterior portal is used to prevent displacement, rotation, or turnover of the graft fragment while tying. The white arrows indicate the sutures that are used to repair inferior glenohumeral ligament complex (IGHLC) and reinforce the fixation of the bone graft. | PMC9705272 | gr11.jpg |
0.519542 | 029296af2b8c4279bcd7f470bf19d587 | Anterosuperior viewing portal of right shoulder. Additional sutures are tied up to accomplish the Bankart repair and reinforce the fixation of the bone graft. HH, humeral head. | PMC9705272 | gr12.jpg |
0.436593 | 91d6e3848b294e04b48a96465122e35b | Illustration of scapular spine bone graft harvest (right shoulder). 1, accessory nerve; 2, suprascapular nerve; 3, spinoglenoid notch; 4, graft harvest site. Reproduced with permission from Xiang M et al.15 | PMC9705272 | gr2.jpg |
0.410409 | 9ecdec0d30594500b726886ab40f9141 | Scapular spine bone graft harvest (right shoulder). | PMC9705272 | gr3.jpg |
0.423004 | 9aa6874c77624cc4909c67b0cdbaf80e | Anterior glenoid preparation (right shoulder viewing from the anterosuperior portal). The inferior glenohumeral ligament complex (IGHLC) is detached to the 6 or 6:30 o’clock position, which would be elevated to a plane as high as the glenoid surface. The anterior glenoid rim is appropriately decorticated by the shaver and burr, and a strip of freshened bone bed with a width of about 3 mm is created. | PMC9705272 | gr4.jpg |
0.501343 | 45c0e3302e094f1fb82725614d052580 | Anchor implantation (right shoulder viewing from the anterosuperior portal). The “labral anchor” (blue arrow) is inserted at 5 o’clock and two sutures (white arrows) are passed through inferior glenohumeral ligament complex (IGHLC) in preparation for subsequent Bankart repair from the posterior portal. And then the “graft-anchors” is inserted at the 4:30 and 3 o’clock (right shoulder) at the anterior glenoid rim from the anterosuperior portal. The red arrow indicates the graft-anchor which at 4:30 o’clock. HH, humeral head. | PMC9705272 | gr5.jpg |
0.412221 | 1d5dd8b332f44356aacb3b1f0eeb2bd1 | Implantation of bone graft (right shoulder viewing from the anterosuperior portal). One suture of each of the two “graft-anchors” is correspondingly shuttled through the bone tunnels separately (black arrows). The blue arrow indicates the “labral anchor” which at 5 o’clock. The red and black arrow indicate the graft-anchor, which at 4:30 and 3 o’clock separately. HH, humeral head. | PMC9705272 | gr6.jpg |
0.526645 | f251c92dae544205a00c815662e109e3 | The cannula for transporting the bone graft (size 10 mm × 15 mm × 130 mm; Hangzhou Rejoin Mastin Medical Device, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China) | PMC9705272 | gr7.jpg |
0.44311 | c05d115fb0b744fd9e0b0b01ec5b14c9 | Right shoulder viewing from the anterosuperior portal. The bone graft is covered by the inferior glenohumeral ligament complex (IGHLC) and integrated with the anterior glenoid rim. The blue arrow indicates the “labral anchor,” which at 5 o’clock. The red and black arrows indicate the “graft-anchors” which at 4:30 and 3 o’clock separately. HH, humeral head. | PMC9705272 | gr8.jpg |
0.432029 | 0eaa9381cefa4227809f611eec1b0b75 | Anterosuperior viewing portal of right shoulder. Two “graft-anchors” sutures (white arrows), which are shuttled through the bone tunnels, are passed through the inferior glenohumeral ligament complex (IGHLC). The blue arrow indicates the “labral anchor,” which is at 5 o’clock. The red and black arrows indicate the graft anchors, which are located at 4:30 and 3 o’clock separately. | PMC9705272 | gr9.jpg |
0.48671 | 89562aa90bdb4d538c9848b79335ce95 | Molecular configuration of the FUN-LOV variants. (A) Plasmids encoding the original FUN-LOV switch. This system is encoded in two multicopy plasmids (pRS423 and pRS425), using the ADH1 promoter (P
ADH1
) and ADH2 terminator (ADH2
ter
) for all the components. The FUN-LOVLS variant is encoded in two low-copy number plasmids (pRS313 and pRS315), and P
ADH1
was replaced by the TDH3 promoter (P
TDH3
). (B) The new FUN-LOV variants. The FUN-LOVSP system is encoded in a single multicopy plasmid (pRS426) or a single low-copy plasmid (pRS316). In addition, the FUN-LOVSP-Nat and FUN-LOVSP-Hph variants are carrying the nourseothricin and hygromycin antibiotic resistances in the reverse orientation (MxRv), respectively. (C) The original FUN-LOV system architecture. The Gal4 DNA-Binding Domain (DBD) is linked to the LOV domain of WC-1, and the Gal4-activation domain (AD) is tethered to the LOV domain of VVD. Under blue light, the interaction between the LOV domains of both proteins reconstructs the Gal4 transcription factor, resulting in the expression of luciferase (Luc). The Luc gene is integrated into the yeast genome (Chr IV) and is controlled by GAL1 (P
GAL1
) or 5XGAL1 (P
5XGAL1
) promoter. | PMC9705753 | fbioe-10-1029217-g001.jpg |
0.443952 | 700fe127dc1143069551986f3dc67b7f | Luciferase expression in the BY4741 strains carrying different FUN-LOV variants episomally. (A) BY4741 yeast strains carrying the luciferase reporter gene (Luc) integrated into the genome and controlled by either the GAL1 (P
GAL1
) or the 5XGAL1 (P
5XGAL1
) promoters. These strains were transformed with different FUN-LOV variants episomally to evaluate the impact of these systems in light-regulated reporter gene expression. (B–G) The luciferase expression was measured as luminescence (Lum) and normalized by the Optical Density at 600 nm (OD600 nm) of the corresponding yeast cell culture. Three experimental conditions were assayed: (B,E) constant darkness (DD), (C,F) constant blue-light (BL), and (D, G) a single blue-light pulse (BLP) of 2-h duration (dotted lines). In all panels, the average of six biological replicates is shown, with the standard deviation represented by dashed lines of the corresponding color. (B–D) assays with the strain expressing Luc under P
GAL1
. (E–G) assays with strains expressing Luc under P
5XGAL1
. The BY4741 yeast strain with the pRS316 plasmid not encoding the optogenetic system was used as basal luminescence level (empty vector). | PMC9705753 | fbioe-10-1029217-g002.jpg |
0.473379 | 058c7bc7411642209a5fb301e40ce873 | Luciferase expression in the BY4741 yeast strains carrying the FUN-LOVSP-Nat and FUN-LOVSP-Hph variants integrated into the genome. (A) BY4741 yeast strains carrying the luciferase reporter gene (Luc) integrated into the genome and controlled by GAL1 (P
GAL1
) or 5XGAL1 (P
5XGAL1
) promoters. In these strains the FUN-LOVSP-Nat and FUN-LOVSP-Hph variants were integrated into the HO locus. (B–G) The luciferase expression was measured as luminescence (Lum) and normalized by the Optical Density at 600 nm (OD600 nm) of the corresponding yeast cell culture. Three illumination conditions were assayed: (B,E) constant darkness (DD), (C,F) constant blue-light (BL), and (D,G) a single 2-h blue-light pulse (BLP) (dotted lines). In all panels, the average of six biological replicates is shown, with the standard deviation represented by a shaded region. (B–D) assays with the strain expressing Luc under P
GAL1
. (E–G) assays with strains expressing Luc under P
5XGAL1
. | PMC9705753 | fbioe-10-1029217-g003.jpg |
0.462705 | 9a99e258e2934314bb29cb51e5fc7d2a | Luciferase expression in the 59A-EC1118 wine yeast strains carrying the FUN-LOVSP-Hph variant integrated into the genome. (A) The 59A-EC1118 wine yeast strain is carrying the luciferase reporter gene (Luc) integrated into the genome and controlled by the 5XGAL1 (P
5XGAL1
) promoter. In this strain, the FUN-LOVSP-Hph variant was integrated into the HO locus. (B,C) The luciferase expression was measured as luminescence (Lum) and normalized by the Optical Density at 600 nm (OD600 nm) of the corresponding yeast cell culture. Three illumination conditions were assayed: (B) constant darkness (DD), (C) constant blue-light (BL), and (D) a single 2-h blue-light pulse (BLP) (dotted lines). In all panels, the average of six biological replicates is shown, with the standard deviation represented by a shaded region. | PMC9705753 | fbioe-10-1029217-g004.jpg |
0.546557 | 57cf6442cfed43fd98bdb7d1beafaf58 | Dynamic range for different FUN-LOV variants. (A,B) Maximal normalized luciferase expression for each FUN-LOV variant upon a single 2-h blue-light pulse (BLP) and its average background expression in constant darkness condition (DD). Results for the BY4741 yeast strains carrying the luciferase reporter (Luc) gene controlled by P
GAL1
(A) or P
5XGAL1
(B) promoters are shown. (C) Maximal normalized luciferase expression for the FUN-LOVSP-Hph variant upon a single 2-h blue-light pulse (BLP) and its average background expression in constant darkness condition (DD). Results for the 59A-EC1118 wine yeast strains carrying the Luc reporter gene controlled by 5XGAL1 promoter (P
5XGAL1
) promoter is shown. (D) Fold induction of luciferase expression (BLP/DD) controlled by P
GAL1
and P
5XGAL1
promoters in the BY4741 strains carrying different FUN-LOV variants. The asterisk (*p < 0.05) and double asterisk (** p < 0.01) represents statistically significant differences using One-way ANOVA. In all panels, the average of six biological replicates with the standard deviation is shown. | PMC9705753 | fbioe-10-1029217-g005.jpg |
0.517383 | b13ef1c0cc7743aaa07ab68a0524a9b5 | The relationship between GLIM and other nutritional tools. The relationship between GLIM and (A) GNRI, (B) PNI, (C) ALI. GLIM, Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition; GNRI, geriatric nutritional risk index; PNI, prognostic nutritional index; ALI, advanced lung cancer inflammation index. | PMC9705966 | fnut-09-1061944-g0001.jpg |
0.411153 | f9eb4bb8345a4f61b14b0d89b2a444cc | Kaplan-Meier curves for overall survival by the category of each tool in rectal cancer. Kaplan-Meier curves (A) for the GLIM, (B) for the GNRI, (C) for the PNI, and (D) for the ALI. GLIM, Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition; GNRI, geriatric nutritional risk index; PNI, prognostic nutritional index; ALI, advanced lung cancer inflammation index. | PMC9705966 | fnut-09-1061944-g0002.jpg |
0.444859 | e06c006b9d874f588d0dfdd7acdd086a | Ch. pneumoniae respiratory infection in early life and infection-induced histopathological results.(A) Quantification of lung homogenates during Ch. pneumonia load, (B) histopathological score of lung tissue and (C) cell count of mucus-secreting cells. All results are expressed as mean ± SE. * and + corresponds to p < 0.05 compared with Control WT and Control IL4. # corresponds to p < 0.05 compared with Ch. pneumoniae WT. | PMC9705988 | jmb-31-8-1109-f1.jpg |
0.391231 | 2b2782d23bed4e4d8d77027a4a4f50fc | Ch. pneumoniae respiratory infection-induced pulmonary inflammation. Flow cytometry results showing the number of inflammatory cells for (A) macrophages (B) neutrophils and (C) dendritic cells. All results are expressed as mean ± SE. * and + corresponds to p ≤ 0.05 compared with Control WT and Control IL4. # corresponds to p ≤ 0.05compared with Ch. pneumoniae WT. | PMC9705988 | jmb-31-8-1109-f2.jpg |
0.451996 | 508d07c50317428b8d58b0bcd891d950 | Assessment analysis of (A) IL-4 mRNA expression and (B) early IL-4 mRNA expression from the lung homogenates using RT-PCR and ELISA assay.Results are expressed as mean ± SE. *corresponds to p ≤ 0.05 compared with Control WT. | PMC9705988 | jmb-31-8-1109-f3.jpg |
0.494775 | be00d92872ab4072a995d36fe664fa7b | ELISA assay expression and protein production of IL-4 showing the receptor levels of (A) IL-4α1 and (B) IL-4α2 in lung homogenates assessed by qPCR and ELISA assay.Results are expressed as mean ± SE. *corresponds to p ≤ 0.05 compared with Control WT. | PMC9705988 | jmb-31-8-1109-f4.jpg |
0.413396 | bb9f342e42e74bdab9cc6c1cabee9701 | Expression of alternatively activated macrophage genes by Ch. pneumoniae infection representing (A) iNOS (B) Ym-1 and (C) FIZZ-1 assessed by qPCR.Results are expressed as mean ± SE. *corresponds to p ≤ 0.05 compared with Control WT. | PMC9705988 | jmb-31-8-1109-f5.jpg |
0.453562 | 6f14f4ab805140fbb7ff610d9325ff26 | Hierarchical clustering of all chickens. | PMC9706647 | gr1.jpg |
0.477242 | 2a897bb139854ed4a5907083b7f7b2b2 | Manhattan plot and quantile-quantile plots of genome-wide association analyses for different traits. Y-axis represents the false discovery rate (FDR) of SNPs using Benjamini-Hochberg correction for multiple testing in GWAS. The blue and red dashed lines correspond to the 1% and 5% significance thresholds, respectively. | PMC9706647 | gr2.jpg |
0.441594 | 8cc57b2ec3164b4ab83d6dea531f6aa1 | Principal component (PC) analysis showing PC1 versus PC2. Clear separation was observed between Asian Game (in red dashed circle) and Asian Bantam chickens (in green dashed circle) on PC1. | PMC9706647 | gr3.jpg |
0.414415 | ddeb206bb4c14caca9588047b3a6d415 | Development process combining IM with HiAP. | PMC9709501 | fpubh-10-882384-g0001.jpg |
0.44796 | 857e72cca86b4219822fe478f88f3fd3 | Logic model of the problem. | PMC9709501 | fpubh-10-882384-g0002.jpg |
0.432642 | 711826de3dd7450bb0cad1180a699737 | Environmental asset assessment, examples per domain. | PMC9709501 | fpubh-10-882384-g0003.jpg |
0.407853 | 2648436b3f354d1298e09aee60265bdd | Logic model of change for children. | PMC9709501 | fpubh-10-882384-g0004.jpg |
0.414735 | 786947b957f24f928b59d7d6a145299c | Logic model of change for parents. | PMC9709501 | fpubh-10-882384-g0005.jpg |
0.424298 | 5d91cc84838b44b99fac7b3f42bdf68d | Overview of the local organizational system. | PMC9709501 | fpubh-10-882384-g0006.jpg |
0.388149 | 76867e90d6ff4a52bf1de0a253773d86 | Analysis of five SaCas9 ortholog activities.(A) Amino acid sequences of the SaCas9 ortholog PI domain are aligned. The residues that are important for PAM recognition are indicated at the top; the conserved residues among newly identified SaCas9 orthologs are shown in red; the names of newly identified Cas9s are shown in green. (B) Design of the GFP activation reporter construct. A target sequence (protospacer) containing a 7-bp random sequence is inserted between ATG and the GFP-coding sequence. The library DNA is stably integrated into HEK293T cells by lentivirus. (C) Transfection of SaCas9 orthologs induced GFP expression. Percentage of GFP-positive cells was shown. The cells without transfection of Cas9 were used as a negative control. | PMC9710800 | pbio.3001897.g001.jpg |
0.409987 | ddc6a1fa54364709b57b7ddb0d9a8f8a | Analysis of the PAM sequence of Cas9.(A) Deep sequencing reveals that SmiCas9, Sha2Cas9, and SpeCas9 generated indels on the targets. (B) WebLogos were generated based on the deep sequencing data. (C) PAM wheels were generated based on the deep sequencing data. | PMC9710800 | pbio.3001897.g002.jpg |
0.413133 | 09b9aaa547f6468b83d957c84b13e5c4 | Genome editing for endogenous sites.(A) Schematic of the Cas9 expression constructs. (B) Protein expression level of Cas9s was measured by western blot. Cells without Cas9 transfection was used as a negative control. (C) Comparison of SaCas9, SmiCas9, Sha2Cas9, and SpeCas9 efficiency for genome editing at 13 endogenous loci. Additional “g” is added for U6 promoter transcription (n = 3). Underlying data for all summary statistics can be found in S1 Data. (D) Quantification of editing efficiency for SaCas9, SmiCas9, Sha2Cas9, and SpeCas9. Underlying data for all summary statistics can be found in S1 Data. | PMC9710800 | pbio.3001897.g003.jpg |
0.43039 | c744e26260534d1aa75fd5b19dfd26d4 | Analysis of Sha2Cas9-HF and SpeCas9-HF specificity.(A) Schematic of the GFP activation assay for specificity analysis is shown on the top. A panel of sgRNAs with dinucleotide mutations is shown below. sgRNA activities were measured based on GFP expression. Mismatches are shown in red (n = 3). Underlying data for all summary statistics can be found in S1 Data. (B) Off-targets for EMX1 locus are analyzed by GUIDE-seq. Read numbers for on- and off-targets are shown on the right. Mismatches compared with the on-target site are shown and highlighted in color. | PMC9710800 | pbio.3001897.g004.jpg |
0.409362 | ca8f8694c0c847bbbc4437f324ad7304 | Evaluation of Sha2Cas9-HF and SpeCas9-HF on-target activities.(A) Comparison of activities of high-fidelity Cas9s to the wild-type Cas9s (n = 3). The target sequences are shown on the left. PAM is underlined. If the first nucleotide is C or T, additional “g” is added for U6 promoter transcription. Underlying data for all summary statistics can be found in S1 Data. (B) Quantification of editing efficiency for SaCas9, SmiCas9, Sha2Cas9, and SpeCas9. Underlying data for all summary statistics can be found in S1 Data. | PMC9710800 | pbio.3001897.g005.jpg |
0.495361 | 32141db227ce4decaa04ea0c3667c87e | Orthofix® (Galaxy) elbow fixator | PMC9712317 | 68_2022_2013_Fig1_HTML.jpg |
0.449495 | baac149fe22c4d419bbc419495d1e2eb | Radiological findings of a typical case. Hereby we present a case from a patient with a simple elbow dislocation with persistent luxation after external fixation elsewhere, after a low-energy trauma caused by a fall on March 8th, 2012. a X-ray of elbow joint with persistent luxation and diastasis of ulna and radius. We removed the static fixator, performed an extended arthrolysis and anatomic reduction of the elbow joint, followed by applying a dynamic hinged elbow fixator on May 15th, 2012 (68 days after trauma), resulting in congruent elbow joint in flexion and extension during surgery. b Intraoperative fluoroscopy images. c Postoperative photo of hinged external fixator. After 8 weeks, the dynamic fixator was removed. d The treatment resulted in a congruent anatomically joint seen on final radiological examination. At last follow-up clinical result was excellent with a flexion–extension arc of 140° and pronation-supination arc of 180°. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient was discharged from follow-up after 7.3 months | PMC9712317 | 68_2022_2013_Fig2_HTML.jpg |
0.496552 | c93098c54b36491ea4d351804ad154e4 | Study flow chart | PMC9712317 | 68_2022_2013_Fig3_HTML.jpg |
0.464359 | 72690dafd7704a4f985a5d3a691620c6 | A: Spinal syphilitic gumma located at L4–5 level. (arrowhead) B: An osteolytic lesion was detected in the L4 and L5 endplates. Both pedicles of L4 were absorbed in osteolytic lesions, as seen by 3D CT. (arrow). | PMC9712770 | gr1.jpg |
0.384727 | 61bc89e9d62b4bbabc9dfe6305e85385 | A: Immediately after surgery, the pedicle screw was adequately fixed. The screw position changed over time, as seen in the radiograph. B: The proximal screws are dislocated, and a vertebral body fracture was found in the 3D CT scan. (arrow) C: Fluid stagnation is shown in the surgery site six weeks after the operation by MRI. (arrowhead). | PMC9712770 | gr2.jpg |
0.43958 | 7ee2afb0f7fe44c588dd0c1b576f8690 | A: After metal removal and debridement, bone fusion proceeds in the serial radiograph. B: Complete bone fusion confirmed in the 3D CT scan. | PMC9712770 | gr3.jpg |
0.393609 | 7ad3f798a13e4d03bba632906bb9e074 | Simultaneous presence of arbuscules and vesicles in different phenophase under the influence of applied biostimulator: (A) A0-B1, (B) A1-B2, (C) A1-B3, (D) A1-B4, (E) A1-B5, (F) A2-B2, (G) A2-B3, (H) A2-B4, and (I) A2-B5. Legend: A0-B1, control variant (native mycorrhizal profile) in phenophase 2–4 leaves; A1, untreated plants; A2, treated plants; B2, phenophase of 6 formed leaves; B3, phenophase of 8–10 formed leaves; B4, cob formation phenophase; B5, phenophase corresponding to physiological maturity. | PMC9713310 | fpls-13-1052066-g001.jpg |
0.461816 | 153dc2e59eb74f10a83b8c1859768317 | Specific phenophase colonization strategy shaped by the effect of biostimulator application: (A) untreated plants and (B) treated plants. Legend: A0-B1, control variant (native mycorrhizal profile) in phenophase 2–4 leaves; A1, untreated plants; A2, treated plants; B2, phenophase of 6 formed leaves; B3, phenophase of 8–10 formed leaves; B4, cob formation phenophase; B5, phenophase corresponding to physiological maturity; Ps, proliferation strategy; Rs, resistance conditions strategy; Ss, storage strategy; Ts, transfer strategy. | PMC9713310 | fpls-13-1052066-g002.jpg |
0.452901 | b57b57ed55af4f7cb5997d68bc3ce565 | Principal component analysis (PCA) projection of phenophase-specific colonization: (A) untreated plants and (B) treated plants. Legend: A0-B1, control variant (native mycorrhizal profile) in phenophase 2–4 leaves; A1, untreated plants; A2, treated plants; B2, phenophase of 6 formed leaves; B3, phenophase of 8–10 formed leaves; B4, cob formation phenophase; B5, phenophase corresponding to physiological maturity; Freq, colonization frequency; Int, colonization intensity; nonM, non-mycorrhizal areas; M.nonM, mycorrhizal/non-mycorrhizal area ratio; Arb, arbuscules; Ves, vesicles; Arb.Ves, arbuscule/vesicle ratio. | PMC9713310 | fpls-13-1052066-g003.jpg |
0.527132 | f7c4c871110f4855b91f585e74d3bbb6 | Principal component analysis (PCA) projection of specific colonization strategies: (A) untreated plants and (B) treated plants. Ps, proliferation strategy; Rs, resistance conditions strategy; Ss, storage strategy; Ts, transfer strategy. | PMC9713310 | fpls-13-1052066-g004.jpg |
0.451349 | c82090265eab455cad4aba6300a2f820 | Mycorrhizal maps and colonization patterns shaped by the phenophase × treatment effect: (A) median colonization pattern, (B) maximum recorded arbuscules, and (C) maximum recorded vesicles. A0-B1, control variant (native mycorrhizal profile) in phenophase 2–4 leaves; A1, untreated plants; A2, treated plants; B2, phenophase of 6 formed leaves; B3, phenophase of 8–10 formed leaves; B4, cob formation phenophase; B5, phenophase corresponding to physiological maturity. Color coding in mycorrhizal maps: hyphae (blue), arbuscules (red), vesicles (green), and spores (gray). | PMC9713310 | fpls-13-1052066-g005.jpg |
0.418476 | 90e5d3d2a7384dbc90d9dd8742fc96bd | Invasive angiography showing occlusion of the superior vena cava and
brachiocephalic vein with collateral circulation. | PMC9713660 | rbccv-37-06-0955-g01.jpg |
0.442788 | cbf207d020e74e238f01fa1911622bd0 | Intraoperative images of a bilateral internal jugular vein to
superior vena cava (SVC) bypass with a reversed left femoral vein
autograft interposition. (A) Left superficial femoral vein
harvesting, (B) and (C) complete bypass in situ (asterisk = right
and left internal jugular veins; arrowhead = superficial femoral
vein graft; arrow = SVC). | PMC9713660 | rbccv-37-06-0955-g02.jpg |
0.453154 | 802dd45d6f6c43bb9a3f783d6a7d2645 | One-year follow-up venous computed tomography angiography images
demonstrating complete patency of the right jugular-cava confluent
and a 20% reduction in the patency of the left branch shunt
(arrow). | PMC9713660 | rbccv-37-06-0955-g03.jpg |
0.45545 | 1e7b8908f96941658de2af9959b46fe7 | (A) Computed tomography angiography showing thrombosis of the
superior vena cava (arrow). (B) Transesophageal echocardiogram
images showing 90% occlusion of the superior vena cava circumference
(arrow). | PMC9713660 | rbccv-37-06-0955-g04.jpg |
0.445427 | bc0317f8cde040b4a90d862c89a4fc37 | Bilateral internal jugular vein to right atrium bypass with a
reversed superficial femoral vein graft. | PMC9713660 | rbccv-37-06-0955-g05.jpg |
0.462099 | 866691d0258f4275a7fe94c0f2450ff8 | Prion strain dependence of the 97 candidates
Western Blot analysis of chronically 22L‐infected GT‐1/7 cells after PK treatment. Membrane is probed with anti‐PrP antibody POM1. P4, P5 and P6 corresponds to the amount of passaging after exposure to 22L brain homogenate. Brain homogenates were used as controls.Correlation of the effect of 97 candidates on their effect on PrPSc of two different prion strains (RML6 and 22L). Next to RML6 infected GT‐1/7, 97 hits were assessed for their effect on 22L prion infected GT‐1/7 for 72 h as well as 96 h‐long treatment duration. The high coefficient of determination (r
2‐value) of the effect observed for both prion strains indicates that the candidates do not show strain‐specificity.Gene set overrepresentation analysis for 161 hits and 40 hits from the prion modifier screen. No pathway passed the threshold for significance.
Source data are available online for this figure.
| PMC9713719 | EMBJ-41-e112338-g001.jpg |
0.410876 | 84bfb98e5e934b0b9d41245e3a30f6f5 |
Hnrnpk and PSA limits prion levels in chronically infected cells
Western blot showing Hnrnpk siRNA transfection (96 h.) decreases Hnrnpk protein levels while increases PrPSc in RML prion infected GT‐1/7. Prnp siRNAs suppressed both PrPC and PrPSc as expected. ⍺: anti Quantifications are reported as normalized to Actin and in comparison, to NT. PK‐western blot is quantified relative to NT.Western Blot of PSA‐treated uninfected and infected GT‐1/7 cells. Increasing concentration of PSA leads to a more prominent reduction of PrPSc in mouse cells. PK‐western blot is quantified relative to DMSO.mRNA levels of Hnrnpk and Prnp following siRNA and PSA treatment. FPKM: Fragments per kilobase of transcript per million mapped reads. Hnrnpk siRNAs lead to a decrease in Hnrnpk mRNA levels as well as an increase in Prnp mRNA levels. No difference is seen between DMSO‐treated and PSA‐treated cells for either Hnrnpk levels of Prnp levels. n = 2 per treatment group.Quantification of PrPSc levels in RML GT‐1/7 cells following treatment with 1 μM PSA in comparison to DMSO. Each dot represents an experiment. Shown are mean ± SD.Brightfield microscopy images of the effect of siRNA mediated HNRNPK downregulation on prion‐induced vacuolation in PG127 hovS cells. Downregulation of HNRNPK leads to an enhanced cytopathological vacuolation phenotype when compared with NT siRNA. ovPRNP siRNA transfected, as well as uninfected cells were used as controls (Fig 4B). Downregulation of ovPRNP in the infected hovS eliminates the vacuoles; Right panel: Quantification of vacuoles of NT, HNRNPK and ovPRNP siRNA‐treated PG127 hovS. Cells from pictures at three different positions in the well were manually counted and the amount of vacuolated cells was normalized to the total amount of cells. Values represent mean ± SD. *P = 0.0113, ****P ≤ 0.0001 (Dunnett's multiple comparisons test). Scale bar = 100 μm. n = 3 technical replicates.Quantification of PrPSc levels in PG127 hovS cells following treatment with 1 μM PSA in comparison to DMSO. Each dot represents an experiment. Shown are mean ± SD.Same as in E, using shRNAs instead of siRNA. Downregulation of HNRNPK leads to an enhanced cytopathological vacuolation phenotype when compared with NT shRNA. Uninfected cells were used as controls (Fig EV4E). Right panel: Quantification of vacuoles of NT and HNRNPK shRNA‐treated PG127 hovS. Cells from pictures at three different positions in the well were manually counted and the amount of vacuolated cells was normalized to the total amount of cells. Values represent mean ± SD. ***P ≤ 0.0009 (Dunnett's multiple comparisons test). Scale bar = 100 μm. n = 3 technical replicates.Quantification of PrPSc levels in PG127 hovS cells following treatment with shRNA against HNRNPK and 1 μM PSA in comparison to DMSO and NT. Each dot represents an experiment. *P‐value < 0.027 (Student's t‐test). Shown are mean ± SD.Gene set overrepresentation analysis of differentially expressed genes (log2FC ‐0.25 ≥ or 0.25 ≤ and FDR ≤ 0.05) for siRNA mediated Hnrnpk downregulation or PSA treatment in RML GT‐1/7 cells analyzed by RNAseq. Differentially regulated genes (up in siRNA treatment and down in PSA or vice versa) were overlapped and used for pathway analysis. No significantly enriched pathways are detected for upregulated genes in Hnrnpk and downregulated in PSA treatment. For the opposing direction, an enrichment of genes involved in glucose metabolism was detected.
Source data are available online for this figure.
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0.438501 | 4dec66d1dbfa4feb8508a59279efb98a | PSA reduces prion formation ex vivo and in vivo
Western Blot of RML prion infected COCS treated with 1 μM PSA or DMSO. PSA treatment was started 2 weeks after infection and continued until lysis. PSA reduced the amount of PrPSc. Right panel: Quantification of the Western Blot; n = 5 biological replicates. Values: mean ± SD. *P = 0.0211 (Student's t‐test).Western Blot analysis of NBH‐treated COCS. PSA treatment was identical to the samples of A. PSA did not affect PrPC expression. Right panel: Quantification of the Western Blot; n = 5 biological replicates. Values represent mean ± SD. n.s., not significant (Student's t‐test). ⍺, anti.Negative geotaxis climbing assay in prion infected Drosophila. Flies were treated with DMSO, 0.5 mM PSA, 0.75 mM PSA, or 1 mM PSA at the larval stage and during adulthood for the duration of the assay. Climbing ability was assessed on groups of flies (n = 3 × 15) three times a week and expressed as a performance index. Statistical analysis on the difference between PG127 prion infected versus control prion‐free treatment group data in each graph was performed by an unpaired t‐test: DMSO: P = 0.0002; PSA: 0.5 mM: P = 0.0186; 0.75 mM: P = n.s.; 1 mM: P = n.s.; n.s., not significant. Shown are mean ± SD.RT‐QuIC analysis of whole‐head homogenates of prion infected Drosophila. For each sample, 10 male and 10 female heads from the same treatment group were homogenized, 1:20 diluted and applied to the RT‐QuIC. Shown are the RT‐QuIC reactions of three independent homogenates per treatment group, each assessed in quadruplicates. For quantification, the lag‐time of each reaction was calculated and plotted in a graph. Shown are mean ± SD. The assays were performed for 100 h, samples not yielding a positive reaction are considered negative. ***P ≤ 0.0006; n.s., not significant, flies fed with NBH and treated with DMSO were used as a negative control, a standard prion‐free and a prion‐containing sample were used as assay controls. To control for potential interference of DMSO or PSA with the RT‐QuIC reaction, prion positive sample was spiked with 1 μM PSA.
Source data are available online for this figure.
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0.441128 | dd3d3d077bc84977827354d97396b716 | Secondary screen quality metrics and viability readout
Z'‐factor for each plate of both deconvolution screens (for regulators of PrPPLC, top panel, for regulators of PrPC, bottom panel) representing the robustness of the screens based on the separability of the positive (Prnp targeting) and negative (non‐targeting) control. 0.5–1 (green) = excellent assay, 0–0.5 (yellow) = acceptable assay, 0 ≥ (red) = unacceptable assay.Duplicate correlation of FRET‐data for each screen. Coefficient of determination (r
2‐value) is depicted in the graph.Duplicate correlation of viability‐data measured using RealTime‐Glo™ luminescence readout for each screen. Coefficient of determination (r
2‐value) is depicted in the graph.Duplicates from (C) were averaged and normalized for each screen, and the two normalized values for each gene is correlated to assess if any gene regulates viability dependent on prion infection. The high r
2‐value, as well as the lack of outliers demonstrates the lack of synthetic lethal genes in the subset assessed in the deconvolution screen.
| PMC9713719 | EMBJ-41-e112338-g005.jpg |
0.481708 | c2a444176e4145fb97e64a149fe68ccf | Whole‐genome screen for prion modulators
Z'‐factor for each plate of the whole genome screen representing the robustness of the screen based on the separability of the positive (Prnp targeting) and negative (non‐targeting) controls.Histogram representing the influence of each protein‐coding gene as well as NT and Prnp targeting controls, on prion levels. Abscissa: prion levels measured by FRET. Ordinate: number of genes yielding a given FRET‐range. Controls showed a strong separation, allowing for confident hit‐selection. Only a few genes affected prion levels.Correlation of standard scores for all genes that were assayed in duplicates in the primary screen. r
2: coefficient of determination.All individual data points from the primary screening. Genes reaching a z‐score of [< −3.5] ∪ [> 3.5] in one or both duplicates were considered as hits (green area).
| PMC9713719 | EMBJ-41-e112338-g006.jpg |
0.396642 | 4bbc943f279a429899102720b422583d | A cell‐based high‐throughput prion detection assay for an arrayed whole genome RNAi screen
Workflow of the QUIPPER assay.PK vs. PIPLC treatment to determine prion loads in infected cells in 384‐well plates. Both treatments discriminate between RML prion infected CAD5 and non‐infectious brain homogenate (NBH)‐treated CAD5 cells. ****P‐value < 0.0001 (Student's t‐test). Shown are mean ± SD, n ≤ 30 individually cultured wells.The infectivity of PIPLC and PK‐treated cell lysates was determined by infecting CAD5 cells with lysates as indicated. The signal intensity of the highest dilution was measured and compared with untreated RML CAD5 cell lysate. PIPLC‐treated cells and PK‐treated lysates showed similar infectivity titers. Prion‐infected and NBH, as well as RML on CAD5ΔPrnp
were used for control.RML‐infected CAD5 and GT‐1/7 cells were transfected with non‐targeting (NT) or Prnp targeting siRNAs in a 384‐well plate and subjected to PK or PIPLC treatment. Z'‐factors were calculated for each condition. Shown are mean ± SD, n = 22 individually cultured wells.
Source data are available online for this figure.
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0.406797 | 3eb7290e1efd4324a6d942805fa32264 | QUIPPER assay, example plate maps
Western Blot analysis of chronically RML6‐infected CAD5 cells following PK digestion. Anti‐PrP antibody POM1 is used for probing the membrane. Brain homogenates were used as controls.Western Blot analysis of chronically RML6‐infected GT‐1/7 cells after PK treatment. Membrane is probed with anti‐PrP antibody POM1. Brain homogenates were used as controls.Western blot analysis of infected and uninfected CAD5 and GT‐1/7 cells following PIPLC treatment and subsequent PK digestion. Membranes are probed with anti‐PrP antibody POM1. ⍺: anti. Anti‐actin antibody is used to probe the membrane as loading control.Plate map used in the screen depicting controls and samples. Light green represents wells containing siRNAs from the library, dark green represents wells containing Prnp‐targeting control siRNAs and yellow represents wells containing non‐targeting control siRNAs.Examples of heat maps for FRET as well as viability read‐out from the primary screen.Schematic of the hit‐selection process over all the screens performed in this study with the corresponding criteria.
Source data are available online for this figure.
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0.468378 | d9ee9fbb2a5f4f34845c0b70a4a3128b | Phenotypic response of PG127prion infected hovS upon HNRNPK downregulation using siRNA or shRNA
Western blot showing HNRNPK siRNA transfection (96 h) decreases HNRNPK protein levels while it increases PrPSc in prion infected hovS cells. PRNP siRNAs suppressed both PrPC and PrPSc as expected. ⍺: anti Quantifications are reported as normalized to Actin and in comparison, to NT. PK‐western blot is quantified relative to NT.Brightfield microscopy images of the effect of siRNA mediated HNRNPK downregulation on vacuolation in PG127 and NBH hovS cells. Downregulation of ovPRNP in the infected hovS eliminates the vacuoles; HNRNPK downregulation in uninfected cells does not yield a vacuolation phenotype. Scale bar = 100 μm.Western Blot of PSA‐treated uninfected and PG127 infected hovS cells. Increasing concentration of PSA leads to a more prominent reduction of PrPSc . PK‐western blot is quantified relative to DMSO.Western blot showing HNRNPK shRNA transduction (96 h) decreases HNRNPK protein levels while it increases PrPSc in PG127 prion infected hovS cells. ⍺: anti. Quantifications are reported as normalized to Actin and in comparison, to NT. PK‐western blot is quantified relative to NT.Brightfield microscopy images of the effect of shRNA mediated HNRNPK downregulation on vacuolation in NBH hovS cells. HNRNPK downregulation in uninfected cells does not yield a vacuolation phenotype. Scale bar = 100 μm.Representative Western Blot analysis of the effect of 2 days of PSA treatment on PrPSc and HNRNPK levels in PG127 prion infected hovS cells following 96 h after transduction of control (NT) or HNRNPK targeting shRNAs. PSA treatment does not affect the levels of HNRNPK (upper panel) when compared with DMSO‐treated cells. HNRNPK downregulation significantly increases PrPSc levels. ⍺, anti. PK‐western blot is quantified relative to DMSO NT samples. Data points represent individual experiments. **P = 0.0051 (unpaired t‐test).Representative Western Blot analysis of the effect of 5 days of PSA treatment on PrPSc and HNRNPK levels in PG127 prion infected hovS cells following 168 h after transduction of control (NT) or HNRNPK targeting shRNAs. ⍺: anti. PK‐western blot is quantified relative to DMSO NT samples.Heat map of the log2 fold‐change of functional targets of Hnrnpk upon siRNA or PSA treatment.
Source data are available online for this figure.
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0.453432 | 9464409dec764d2aa1b07aeae8af4307 | Secondary screens and shortlisting of 40 candidates
Regression of the values of the confirmatory screen for prion specific modulators in mock‐ and prion infected GT‐1/7 cells. Z‐scores of genes from the two independent screens, assessing either regulation of PrPC or PrPPLC, yield a coefficient of determination (r
2‐value) of 0.62 indicating that most genes are modulating prion levels via regulating PrPC. Blue circles indicate 161 prion specific hits selected for downstream counter screens. The most conspicuous modulators were labeled.Correlation of z‐scores obtained from a secondary screen to assess the effect of PK digestion on 161 PrPPLC modulators in RML GT‐1/7 cells after 72 h of RNAi treatment. Z‐scores of genes from the two independent screens (PIPLC or PK for two different sample preparation approaches) yield a coefficient of determination (r
2) of 0.87, indicating that the candidates regulate PK‐resistant prions.Correlation of the z‐scores obtained from the counter‐screenings to assess the effect of PK digestion on the prion modulators in RML GT‐1/7 cells after 72 and 96 h of RNAi treatment. The coefficient of determination (r
2‐value) of 0.93 and the increase in effect size for the prolonged treatment condition indicate a robust effect of the candidates on prion levels.Summary of the effect of the 40 shortlisted hits on PrPC (after 72 h) and PrPSc (after 72 and 96 h), assayed using PK digestion, given as z‐scores.Function and topology of the 40 hits. Blue dots: prion stabilizers; brown dots: prion limiters. Size and color saturation represent the effect size of each hit based on its z‐score (72 h RNAi treatment; PK readout).
| PMC9713719 | EMBJ-41-e112338-g011.jpg |
0.42794 | 5c6587004be94b779a22a5c054a6ba22 | Description of the TULSA technology. MRI-guided TULSA is a minimally invasive ablation technique delivering directional high-intensity ultrasound energy (*) to the prostate (yellow circle) using a transurethral rotational UA comprised of 10 independently controlled ultrasound elements (A). By actively cooling both the urethra and rectum throughout the ablation, TULSA protects these structures from thermal injuries (B, C). Real-time MRI-thermometry is continuously acquired during the ablation to automatically control the delivered lethal thermal energy by adjusting each ultrasound element’s frequency and power and the UA’s rotation rate (D). On the axial maximum temperature image of a patient undergoing lesion-targeted TULSA of a posterior peripheral zone tumor (D), a minimum lethal temperature of 55°C reaches the drawn (black) boundary. Due to prostate swelling caused by the ablation, the catheter is kept in place for weeks after the procedure (see
Figure 2
patient case with a suprapubic catheter). MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; TULSA, transurethral ultrasound ablation; UA, ultrasound applicator. | PMC9714456 | fonc-12-1043688-g001.jpg |
0.43289 | a700b57e970a41af964464fb30064d8f | An example of a successful salvage TULSA patient case. The patient had a rising PSA of up to 13 ng/ml within six years after primary external beam radiotherapy. Screening T2-weighted (A) and diffusion-weighted (B) MRI showed a distinct anterior lesion with early enhancement on gadolinium-enhanced imaging (C) graded as PI-RR 5 lesion. The same lesion was also clearly visible in 18F-PSMA-1007 PET-CT (maximum standardized uptake value 23) (D). Two residual gold fiducial markers implanted before image-guided radiotherapy are also visible next to the PSMA-positive lesion (D). The MRI-targeted biopsy from the lesion revealed vital carcinoma resembling ISUP GG 5 disease (E). The patient underwent whole-gland TULSA. On the sagittal T1-weighted image (F), a transurethrally inserted ultrasound applicator, endorectal cooling device, and suprapubic catheter are in place. The targeted region reached a lethal minimum temperature of 55°C (G). The non-perfused volume can be visualized immediately after treatment, demonstrating the acute ablation effect covering the targeted lesion (H). At 12 months, the patient underwent follow-up imaging with multiparametric MRI and 18F-PSMA-1007 PET-CT (I, J), both negative for cancer. The prostate volume decreased from 20 cm3 to less than 1 cm3 at 12 months. The 12-month post-TULSA biopsy agreed with imaging findings and showed only a treatment effect with no signs of cancer (K). At the recent follow-up visit two years after TULSA, PSA is still low (PSA 0.067 ng/ml) and stable, and the patient has leak- and pad-free continence and erections sufficient for intercourse. The TULSA treatment report of the patient case, including treatment planning, thermal mapping, and post-treatment gadolinium-enhanced images, is provided in
Supplementary Figure S1
. CT, computed tomography; ISUP GG, International Society of Urological Pathology grade group; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; PET, positron emission tomography; PI-RR, Prostate Imaging for Recurrence Reporting; PSA, prostate-specific antigen; PSMA, prostate-specific membrane antigen; TRUS, transrectal ultrasound; TULSA, Transurethral ultrasound ablation. | PMC9714456 | fonc-12-1043688-g002.jpg |
0.461333 | bb45974226234d899f18add85a6b2f69 | CaSR-induced inflammatory hallmarks (figure drawn with Biorender.com, accessed on 27 October 2022). | PMC9716066 | fphys-13-1059369-g001.jpg |
0.463344 | d776a5cdb3a8453fae1da66e8340adc0 | CaSR-Inflammation signaling cross-talk (figure drawn with Biorender.com, accessed on 27 October 2022). CaSR stimulation via orthosteric ligands, such as Ca2+, spermine, spermidine, putrescine, etc. and allosteric modulators, such as cinacalcet and NPS R-568, induces the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and the NF-κB pathway that promote inflammatory stimuli by releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines. In turn, inflammatory stimuli, i.e., IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β, can induce CaSR expression and synthesis. | PMC9716066 | fphys-13-1059369-g002.jpg |
0.429703 | b411b77e0fbc4f7586b3aaf09df4cd06 | (A-F) A 45-year-old male with a history of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1) and increasing pain in the back and left lower extremity. A computed tomography (CT) scan was performed for further evaluation. (A) Axial CT demonstrates soft tissue mass (arrows) eroding the L4 vertebral body and displacing the left psoas muscle. (B) Coronal volume rendering defines the soft tissue mass (arrows) eroding the L4 vertebral body and displacing the left psoas muscle. (C) Cinematic rendering defines the tumor (arrows) and accentuates the different tissue texture between the mass and the adjacent muscle. (D) Cinematic rendering in the coronal plane better defines the mass (arrows) and erosion of the L4 vertebral body. (E-F) Oblique axis cinematic rendering images define the erosion of the L4 vertebral body and widening of the neural foramen (arrows), findings classic for bony erosion by neurogenic tumors. | PMC9718999 | gr1a.jpg |
0.437227 | d0f68f0d829947619b9011ca7fcbf52e |
Representation of the ARAT-VR. This four-panel figure simultaneously represents the ARAT-VR environment displayed in the headset and the movements performed by a healthy control subject to realize the task when interacting with the system. a This panel represent the second item of the ARAT-VR and consists of grasping and displacing a virtual cube of 2.5 cm side. b This panel represents the fifth item of the ARAT-VR and consists of pouring water from one virtual glass to another. c This panel represents the eleventh item of the ARAT-VR and consists of grasping, holding and displacing a virtual marble with a thumb and middle finger pinching movement. d This panel represents the thirteenth and least item of the ARAT-VR and consists of touching the mouth (virtually represented by a blue rectangle target) with the tested hand | PMC9719653 | 12984_2022_1114_Fig1_HTML.jpg |
0.473268 | ffef0802cc774d639e681f4cbfc95023 |
Correlations between ARAT and ARAT-VR scores. a In this correlation plot, each point represents paretic hand’s score obtained when performing the ARAT-VR in relation to the ARAT-19 score. Spearman correlation coefficients (r) and their p-value (p) are presented at the left side of the graph. A linear regression is plotted in red. b In this correlation plot, each point represents the ARAT-13 paretic hand’s score in relation to the ARAT-19 score. Spearman correlation coefficients (r) and their p-value (p) are presented at the left side of the graph. A linear regression is plotted in red. c In this correlation plot, each point represents paretic hand’s score obtained when performing the ARAT-VR in relation to the ARAT-13 score. Spearman correlation coefficients (r) and their p-value (p) are presented at the left side of the graph. A linear regression is plotted in red. d In this Bland–Altman plot, each point represents the paretic hand’s average ARAT score, computed by pooling both ARAT-VR and ARAT-13 results, in relation to the paretic hand’s ARAT score difference, computed by subtracting the ARAT-VR to the ARAT-13 results. The horizontal black line represents the mean ARAT score difference and the horizontal red lines, the limits of agreement regarding this mean ARAT score difference (mean difference ± 1.96 standard deviation) | PMC9719653 | 12984_2022_1114_Fig2_HTML.jpg |
0.451101 | 4c4bea1b12204d3d9f5ee4a741b86eea |
Search strategy for our systematic review to find the currently published medical literature describing the impact of COVID-19 infections on gender-affirming hormone therapy.
| PMC9720351 | WJM-12-465-g001.jpg |
0.481957 | 84b98df9429a446191518265080a1694 | Detailed procedures for the experiments and their general conditions. (A) Protocol diagram of the time course involved in the experimental procedures of the IBS-D rat model induced and the intervention. | PMC9720391 | fphar-13-1075874-g002.jpg |
0.474102 | 1d14987fe6fc460cac2feac3732b5d03 | Graphical abstract: Challenges, method and solution. | PMC9723099 | 41598_2022_25278_Fig1_HTML.jpg |
0.427775 | e37f646250604b8684707fc61d461420 | (a) Number of times a pre-listed tag was used for the categories « sensitive data type », « resource type » and « research field » (version 3) (b) Number of times a pre-listed tag was used for the category « data type » (version 3) (c) Number of times a pre-listed tag was used for the categories “stage in data sharing life-cycle”, “geographical scope” and “specific topics” (version 3). | PMC9723099 | 41598_2022_25278_Fig2_HTML.jpg |
0.403527 | 13884e1a54504044bf3c5ab7b4691ecd | Number of resources tagged with only one tag per category for the categories applied in all three pilot studies. | PMC9723099 | 41598_2022_25278_Fig3_HTML.jpg |
0.400216 | bdb64dc3d1f341c68a0d6b582de37976 | Field crop canopy detection based on ultrasound. For a large spray boom, even a small tilt may result in one end of the spray boom coming very close to the ground or crop canopy. | PMC9723327 | fpls-13-1008122-g001.jpg |
0.472059 | ad25657cadf2411a861300d727274010 | Block diagram of boom height probing platform. The test platform for ultrasonic sensor to detect the height of spray boom mainly includes sliding table unit and ultrasonic sensor detection unit, which can meet the static and dynamic ultrasonic detection test requirements. | PMC9723327 | fpls-13-1008122-g002.jpg |
0.447136 | 63f90c2d31a0450cabd6a2494df465e5 | Structural diagram of boom height probing platform based on laser/ultrasonic sensor. The designed effective length of sliding platform track is 6.0 m, which can realize the test under different speed conditions. | PMC9723327 | fpls-13-1008122-g003.jpg |
0.464489 | ce128476f652418596fc53dc3ba34682 | Ultrasonic detection system control interface. The spray boom height detection and test system based on ultrasonic sensor can realize test control, real-time information display and data storage. | PMC9723327 | fpls-13-1008122-g004.jpg |
0.440267 | e460a67c323f48e99a2426d5e5aa8478 | Schematic diagram of ultrasonic sensor beam width calibration. Place the standard reflector plate perpendicular to the ultrasonic emission direction, and then move it vertically from the center to both sides. Calibrate the detection range through the test. (A) Range calibration (B) Beam width calibration. | PMC9723327 | fpls-13-1008122-g005.jpg |
0.492518 | 6471b931637441fe8f1195ac5269dcf4 | Calculation flow of canopy height based on K-means algorithm. The overall idea of the canopy height calculation process based on K-means algorithm is to first judge whether the detection signal is abnormal data according to the real-time signal of the ultrasonic sensor, and then cluster. | PMC9723327 | fpls-13-1008122-g006.jpg |
0.475841 | 7e2c768a52224b62b673dc662d9518e7 | Location diagram of dynamic detection and static detection results. In order to further obtain the relationship between motion speed and ultrasonic detection lag, the detection data obtained at different motion speeds are standard discretized, and the data obtained at no motion speed is compared with 0.05m/s data. | PMC9723327 | fpls-13-1008122-g007.jpg |
0.423786 | 7626977b70154c52b313faf4df51c74a | Regular step detection test by ultrasonic sensor. In order to find out the influencing factors and rules of real-time detection by ultrasonic sensors, experiments were conducted under three scenarios, namely, regular steps, bare soil and wheat canopy. (A) Regular step detection test by ultrasonic sensor; (B) Field ground detection test by ultrasonic sensor; (C) Wheat canopy detection test by ultrasonic sensor. | PMC9723327 | fpls-13-1008122-g008.jpg |
0.38584 | d2436e236d974a8c9cd7c5b05180a219 | Field ground detection test by ultrasonic sensor. The canopy with different density was formed by randomly and evenly cutting the original wheat four times. (A) 100% (B)75.56% (C) 47.35% (D) 31.05 (E) 19.89. | PMC9723327 | fpls-13-1008122-g009.jpg |
0.419979 | a45ecebf44104de7a0a9a6f1f3e4b60d | Wheat canopy detection test by ultrasonic sensor. The sensor current increases with the increase of measuring distance, with good linear correlation, and the correlation coefficient reaches 0.99. Symbol “*” represent distance detection values corresponding to different voltages. | PMC9723327 | fpls-13-1008122-g010.jpg |
0.467447 | eba68842f54a408d8ccc7b1df44a2f2c | Wheat with different canopy density. The range of the acoustic cone of the ultrasonic sensor is “spindle”, and the width of the acoustic cone increases linearly with the increase of the detection distance. | PMC9723327 | fpls-13-1008122-g011.jpg |
0.518411 | 7b87c1424b10429f8fd773ee7105edeb | Calibration curve of ultrasonic sensor. The comparison between the detection value of the ultrasonic sensor and the actual value in the quasi-static condition shows that the detection has high accuracy. | PMC9723327 | fpls-13-1008122-g012.jpg |
0.564135 | 29ec245f40bb4ccba77b66b629e2087c | Ultrasonic cone. The quasi-static test ignores the influence of velocity and the detection area changes due to the change of detection distance, and the detection area affects the measured value at the step transformation. | PMC9723327 | fpls-13-1008122-g013.jpg |
0.490707 | 2ae7334b762144c3a1fdf3e9e952eaca | Detection results of regular steps by ultrasonic sensor under quasi-static conditions. The number of sampling points is different at different speeds, and the fluctuation of detection offset increases gradually with the increase of speed (A) 0.3 m/s (B) 0.6m/s (C) 0.9m/s (D) 1.2m/s. | PMC9723327 | fpls-13-1008122-g014.jpg |
0.436135 | 5696a23b362c477f8f83c13bd917e0b7 | Detection range of step surfaces with different heights. The average value of the detection data at different speeds within the range of the step is the statistical result of the detection distance. | PMC9723327 | fpls-13-1008122-g015.jpg |
0.430953 | 7a31cd1f16464f8281ad0591a9fb3691 | Detection distance of ultrasonic sensors on regular step at different speeds. The height detection results of the field ground under manual measurement and quasi-static conditions show that, due to the flat terrain, the detection results of the ultrasonic sensor on the field ground do not lead or lag behind the actual position. | PMC9723327 | fpls-13-1008122-g016.jpg |
0.489881 | a289cf07e82241b8b87c930139d8a72b | Detection distance of ultrasonic sensor for the regular steps. During the detection of bare soil, there is no obvious lag of the relative quasi-static actual position 0.3m/s, 06 m/s, 0.9 m/s, 1.2 m/s. | PMC9723327 | fpls-13-1008122-g017.jpg |
0.435521 | 5eab42662efa4dce993defd4814a5224 | Detection results of ultrasonic sensors on field ground. When the moving speed of the ultrasonic sensor is lower than 0.9 m/s, the average relative error of the detection distance is lower than 5%, and when the moving speed is 1.2 m/s, the maximum relative error is up to 14.79%. | PMC9723327 | fpls-13-1008122-g018.jpg |
0.439138 | ffc40587d8e44be0869c699dc04d9468 | Detection distance of ultrasonic sensors on field ground at different speeds. The detection data of wheat canopy by ultrasonic sensor are discrete. | PMC9723327 | fpls-13-1008122-g019.jpg |
0.429152 | da353061fa9d4939899a5e320af34fc0 | Detection distance relative error of ultrasonic sensor on field ground. The K-means clustering algorithm is used to cluster the data under five density conditions, realizing the segmentation of canopy and non canopy detection data. (A) Distance detected by the ultrasonic sensor to the 100% wheat canopy; (B) Distance detected by the ultrasonic sensor to the 75.56% wheat canopy; (C) Distance detected by the ultrasonic sensor to the 47.35% wheat canopy; (D) Distance detected by the ultrasonic sensor to the 31.05% wheat canopy; (E) Distance detected by the ultrasonic sensor to the 19.89% wheat canopy. | PMC9723327 | fpls-13-1008122-g020.jpg |
0.434407 | 5d98d9c79e2d4e95a121a67821310d38 | Comparison of wheat canopy and non-canopy with different density. The detection speed has no obvious influence on the detection value. | PMC9723327 | fpls-13-1008122-g021.jpg |
0.397118 | bd2301c436a949c08106566722461db6 | Detection results of ultrasonic sensors on wheat canopy. The thinner the canopy, the greater the detection error. | PMC9723327 | fpls-13-1008122-g022.jpg |
0.520856 | d06b49e77ddc41e2998dc847c55991a1 | The efficiency of the purification methods in elimination of the Microvirga spp. as the main interfering contaminant of growth media used in isolation of myxobacteria. | PMC9723438 | IJM-14-721-g001.jpg |
0.457264 | 42e7ba02ac7a43debf271b3ce1990521 | The survival rate of the myxobacterial strains in response to the treatments used for suppression of accompanying contaminants. | PMC9723438 | IJM-14-721-g002.jpg |
0.46145 | cacce19d4f4b4aef82569e0ff07df212 | Detailed structure of bacteriocytes of Bathymodiolus septemdierum.(A–D) Transmission electron microscopy images showing openings of the symbiotic chambers at the apical surfaces of bacteriocytes (magenta arrowheads in A and B), linkage among several chambers (green arrowheads in A and B), and the complex passages connecting the chambers and the external environment (yellow arrowheads in C and D). Apical is at the top. (E–I) Tomographic three-dimensional reconstruction of bacteriocyte ultrastructure from thin sections of cell 1 observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as a representative showing that almost all symbiotic chambers are interconnected (E–H), with many openings to the external environment at the apical surface (I). Each group of interconnected chambers is labelled with a different colour (the interlinked chambers encompassing the greatest volume are labelled with magenta). (E–H) Views of a single bacteriocyte from four directions, which are indicated at the bottom left of each panel. Because of the resolution of the serial sections (80 nm), several linkages between chambers may have been missed. The nucleus and cytoplasm are labelled with yellow and white, respectively, and made slightly transparent. (I) Apical surface of the 3D reconstructed bacteriocyte. Magenta spots indicate the openings of the chambers. (J–M) SEM images showing many openings at the apical surface of a bacteriocyte of B. septemdierum. (K–M) Magnified images of the cell surface in the areas indicated by green rectangles in (J). Note that the symbionts are observed through the openings (light-blue arrowhead). Scale bars in (A–D and K–M) 1 µm; (I and J) 5 µm. | PMC9723662 | 43705_2021_43_Fig1_HTML.jpg |
0.444321 | 4d99757f36654415bd6a576230948447 | Percentage of amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) for each of three genes, 16 S rRNA, ribE, and proB, detected from gill tissue masses or single bacteriocytes.Nucleotide diversities of the three genes were analysed for each mass of gill tissue from five Bathymodiolus septemdierum individuals (indiv. 1–5, light green) and each single bacteriocyte from four individuals (indiv. 2–5, light magenta). Percentages of ASV ≥ 10% are shown in each bubble. Very minor ASVs of a maximum of 1% or less throughout all samples were omitted from the figure, but the data is available in Supplementary Fig. S4 and Supplementary Table S4. | PMC9723662 | 43705_2021_43_Fig2_HTML.jpg |
0.424936 | b6ae1674e90e4784aca7a883eef7ea6b | Experimental design and impacts of a protist on cyanobacteria and cyanobacteria virocells (cyanovirocells).A Experimental design. Synechococcus WH8102 cells were infected with the T4-like myophage S-SSM5 to generate cyanovirocells. Cyanovirocells were studied over the course of infection either alone (“Cyanovirocells only” treatment) or in the presence of the protist Oxyrrhis marina (“Cyanovirocells with protist”). Arrows denote the comparisons: all treatments are compared against the Control to detect significant changes to the transcripts, metabolites, and photosynthetic efficiency. In addition, the focus of this study is the cyanovirocell responses to the presence of a protist, which is the contrast between cyanovirocells only and cyanovirocells with protist. B Fluorescent microscopic image of O. marina with ingested Synechococcus cells (protists were stained red with WGA - Alexa 488 and Synechococcus were detected with phycoerythrin pigment autofluorescence). Image was acquired using Zeiss LSM 710 confocal microscope with a 63× (1.4 N.A.) objective. C General infection dynamics of Synechococcus infected with S-SSM5, followed over 55 h post phage addition. This time course captures multiple cycles of infection. D Cell and phage abundances over the course of this study. Samples for genome-wide transcriptomics, endo-metabolomics, exo-metabolomics, and microscopy and photosynthetic efficiency measurements were taken every 2 h between 2 and 12 h post phage and/or protist addition. This time course captures a population-level view of infection, whereby more than one infection cycle is taking place (shaded in gray): the phages released from “infection cycle 1” infect new cells and undergo “infection cycle 2+” (i.e., two or more asynchronized infection cycles may be happening at this time). Both the burst size (here depicted as 4 phages released per infected cell), and the number of infection cycles are simplified. Cell abundance decreases significantly from start to end of ‘omics sampling during phage infection (t-test, p value <0.05), with or without protist (indicated by an asterisk for each treatment), and it does not significantly change in the presence of the protist alone. All experiments included a minimum of three biological replicates and the average with standard error is shown. | PMC9723779 | 43705_2022_169_Fig1_HTML.jpg |
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