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0.452632 | 0704df7ed3f6413c969eac236d9f8aa5 | Spectral tomographic imaging system based on aplanatic metalens. a Calculated focusing efficiency of the unit cell over working wavelength. The inset is a schematic of the unit cell composed of GaN nanopost placed on sapphire. b Optical (left) and SEM (right) images of the fabricated metalens. c Schematic of the imaging setup. The inset shows four images obtained by an objective O2 acting as objects to verify the tomographic imaging of the metalens. Images captured by d aplanatic and e normal metalens through the objective O1 and CCD at different wavelengths are shown. f Microscopic tomography of frog egg cells by aplanatic metalens at different incident wavelengths. a–f Reprinted with permission from Ref. [99]. Copyright 2019, Chen et al. | PMC9756243 | 12200_2022_17_Fig16_HTML.jpg |
0.424806 | 1e7c7c5f635b4ba8befc3d30285a73b8 | Spectroscopy and full-color routing applications of metalens. a Schematic of the off-axis super-dispersive metalens. Several metalenses with different working wavelengths are stitched together to extend the bandwidth while maintaining high resolution. b Spectrum at focusing angle of 80°. The spectral resolution is as high as 0.2 nm. c Schematic of GaN metalens integrated with complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) combining light convergence and color filtering functionalities. d Measured field intensity on the focal plane (cross-section of x–y plane) with three different colors illumination: blue, green, and red. a, b Reprinted with permission from Ref. [101]. Copyright 2016, American Chemical Society. c, d Reprinted with permission from Ref. [109]. Copyright 2017, American Chemical Society | PMC9756243 | 12200_2022_17_Fig17_HTML.jpg |
0.497197 | 067ce19b6c024e9f80bb4c23235e8b99 | Chiral imaging application of metalens. a Schematic diagram illustrating the principle of chiral imaging metalenses. Linear polarized (combination of LHC and RHC) light emitted from an object at coordinates \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$({x}_{\text{ob}},{y}_{\text{ob}},{z}_{\text{ob}})$$\end{document}(xob,yob,zob) are focused into separate focuses \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$({x}_{\text{imL}},{y}_{\text{imL}},{z}_{\text{imL}})$$\end{document}(ximL,yimL,zimL) and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$({x}_{\text{imR}},{y}_{\text{imR}},{z}_{\text{imR}})$$\end{document}(ximR,yimR,zimR). The nanofins colored blue impart the required phase profile to focus RHC light while the green color ones impart the phase required to focus LHC light. b Images of a beetle formed by a chiral imaging metalens under 532 nm LED illumination. The left and right images are formed by focusing the LHC light and the RHC light, respectively. a and b Reprinted with permission from Ref. [112]. Copyright 2016, ACS Publications | PMC9756243 | 12200_2022_17_Fig18_HTML.jpg |
0.469018 | 692dbf92ce504bf49b9c3f658265d8fa | Applications in solar energy harvesting. a Metasurface lens integrated into a silicon solar cell to enhance light absorption by trapping light into the active area. The simulated result shows field enhancement at 550 nm incident wave which is TE polarized. The short circuit current exhibits improvement at angles up to \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$60^\circ$$\end{document}60∘. b Multi-layer dielectric high-index-contrast gratings (HCG). Normally incident lights are directed to different angles depending on wavelengths. By replacing the secondary mirror, the HCG dispersive mirror can act as both sunlight concentrator and spectral splitter. a Reprinted with permission from Ref. [116]. © The Optical Society. b Reprinted with permission from Ref. [115]. Copyright 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg | PMC9756243 | 12200_2022_17_Fig19_HTML.jpg |
0.425236 | 5e06b6f1f4fb461e8758ab372904cc0b | Pioneer works demonstrating the fundamental design rules. a Schematics of the generalized Snell’s law of reflection and refraction. The gradient of phase shift dΦ/dr at the interface offers an effective wavevector that can bend reflected and transmitted light in designed directions. b Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of the plasmonic metasurface with V-shaped optical antennas. c Schematic of the reflect-array metasurface with gold patch antennas separated from a gold substrate by a dielectric spacer with subwavelength thickness. The left inset shows a schematic of an individual unit-cell, and the right inset is the corresponding SEM image of the metasurface. d SEM image of a dielectric metasurface Huygens’ beam deflector and the corresponding simulated field distributions. a Reprinted with permission of IOP Publishing, from Ref. [23]; permission conveyed through Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. b Reprinted from Ref. [13]. Copyright 2011, The American Association for the Advancement of Science. c Reprinted with permission from Ref. [24]. Copyright 2012, American Chemical Society. d Reprinted with permission from Ref. [25]. Copyright 2015, WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim | PMC9756243 | 12200_2022_17_Fig1_HTML.jpg |
0.513539 | b31dfd6698594c7baebf89ce447ee4bd | Typical examples of 2π phase coverage realization in light-concentrating metasurfaces. a SEM image of the metasurface with V-shaped antennas and the corresponding phase shift profile. b SEM image and expected phase discontinuity of a plasmonic metasurface on an ITO-coated glass substrate with positive polarity for incident lights with right circular polarization. c SEM image and measured intensity distribution near the focus of a cylindrical metalens with 0.8 NA. The inset shows the schematic of an individual unit cell. d Optical micrograph and SEM images of a high-contrast grating metalens. e SEM image of a geometric phase metasurface with dielectric microbars and corresponding measured intensity distribution along the propagation direction. f Top-view and side-view SEM images of the polarization insensitive metasurfaces, and the measured focal profile and corresponding horizontal cut of the focal spot at 532 nm. a Reprinted with permission from Ref. [12]. Copyright 2012, American Chemical Society. b Reprinted with permission from Ref. [34]. Copyright 2012, Chen et al. c Reprinted with permission from Ref. [35]. Copyright 2013, American Chemical Society. d Reprinted with permission from Ref. [36]. Copyright 2010, Springer Nature. e Reprinted with permission from Ref. [37]. Copyright 2014, The American Association for the Advancement of Science. f Reprinted with permission from Ref. [38]. Copyright 2016, American Chemical Society | PMC9756243 | 12200_2022_17_Fig2_HTML.jpg |
0.443141 | de0f74a933a240b3851cec3488a9cb8d | Multiwavelength achromatic metalens. a Tandem-stacked multilayered plasmonic multiwavelength metalens designed using frequency-dependent scatterers. b Multiwavelength metalens multiplexed by segmentation. c Multiwavelength polarization-insensitive metalenses with unit cells composed of meta-atoms. d Metasurfaces consisting of coupled rectangular dielectric resonators as unit-cells to introduce the desired phase profiles simultaneously at three wavelengths (1300, 1550, and 1800 nm) with dispersion compensation. e Birefringent metalenses with elliptical meta-atoms designed to focus light with two different wavelengths and orthogonal polarizations. a Reprinted from permission from Ref. [47]. Copyright 2017, Avayu et al. b Reprinted with permission from Ref. [48], IOP Publishing, permission conveyed through Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. c Reprinted with permission from Ref. [52]. Copyright 2016, The Optical Society. d Reprinted with permission from Ref. [49]. Copyright 2015, American Chemical Society. e Reprinted with permission from Ref. [54]. Copyright 2016, The Optical Society | PMC9756243 | 12200_2022_17_Fig3_HTML.jpg |
0.450525 | 33ef575187c24182a8e56d5d043443c2 | Broadband metalenses designed with different optimization algorithms. a Achromatic focusing at three discrete wavelengths (460, 540, and 620 nm) by chromatic-corrected diffractive metalenses optimized with direct-binary-search algorithm. b Multiwavelength achromatic lenses designed with lattice evolution algorithm. c Metalens with operation wavelengths from 580 to 700 nm range using topology optimization. d Achromatic metalenses with large NA via inverse design approach utilizing plane-wave mode decomposition. e An achromatic metalens over a continuous visible wavelength range made of TiO2 nanopillars, a dielectric spacer, and a metallic back reflector. f Dispersion-engineered metasurfaces over the wavelength range of 1450 to 1590 nm with minimized chromatic dispersion. a Reprinted with permission from Ref. [63]. Copyright 2016, Wang et al. b Reprinted with permission from Ref. [64]. Copyright 2016, American Chemical Society. c Reprinted with permission from Ref. [65]. Copyright 2019, Phan et al. d Reprinted with permission from Ref. [66]. Copyright 2020, The Optical Society. e Reprinted with permission from Ref. [67]. Copyright 2017, American Chemical Society. f Reprinted with permission from Ref. [68]. Copyright 2017, The Optical Society | PMC9756243 | 12200_2022_17_Fig4_HTML.jpg |
0.434485 | c066295c75f440db9ceb741b91752067 | Dispersion manipulation based on compensation phase. a Reflective broadband achromatic metalenses in the infrared range of 1200 to 1680 nm realized by Au integrated-resonant unit elements and new design principles. b Visible range achromatic metalenses operating from 400 to 667 nm achieved by Al integrated-resonant unit elements. c Transmissive achromatic metalens operating from 400 to 600 nm made of GaN nanopillars and nanoholes. d A full-color light field camera composed of multiple achromatic GaN metalens arrays. e A transmissive broadband achromatic metalens operating in the visible from 470 to 670 nm made of coupled TiO2 nanofins for each unit cell. a Reproduced with permission from Ref. [69]. Copyright 2017, Wang et al. b Reproduced with permission from Ref. [73]. Copyright 2018, WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. c Reprinted with permission from Ref. [70]. Copyright 2018, Springer Nature Customer Service Centre GmbH: Springer Nature, Nature Nanotechnology. d Reprinted with permission from Ref. [71]. Copyright 2019, Springer Nature Customer Service Centre GmbH: Springer Nature, Nature Nanotechnology. e Reprinted with permission from Ref. [72]. Copyright 2018, Springer Nature Customer Service Centre GmbH: Springer Nature, Nature Nanotechnology | PMC9756243 | 12200_2022_17_Fig5_HTML.jpg |
0.414734 | 1f86b40f0b164537b8a20b730e37655a | Polarization insensitive broadband metalens with isotropic symmetry. a Broadband achromatic metalenses made of libraries of meta-units with complex cross-sectional geometries to provide diverse phase dispersions for arbitrary polarization state from 1200 to 1650 nm. b A silicon nitride metalens in the visible region with zero effective material dispersion and an effective achromatic refractive index distribution from 430 to 780 nm. a Reprinted with permission from Ref. [74]. Copyright 2018, Shrestha et al. b Reprinted with permission from Ref. [75]. Copyright 2019, Fan et al. | PMC9756243 | 12200_2022_17_Fig6_HTML.jpg |
0.469214 | 2dd251c8666c4b1ca0a6d206da4ce226 | Polarization insensitive broadband metalens with anisotropic unit-cells. a A broadband achromatic metalens with a NA of 0.2 over the visible range from 460 to 700 nm while simultaneously maintaining polarization-insensitive and diffraction-limited performances. b A metacorrector with a tunable phase and artificial dispersion to correct spherical and chromatic aberrations in a large spherical plano-convex lens. a Reprinted with permission from Ref. [76]. Copyright 2019, Chen et al. b Reprinted with permission from Ref. [77]. Copyright 2018, American Chemical Society | PMC9756243 | 12200_2022_17_Fig7_HTML.jpg |
0.464863 | 5db561842e6c486fbb99102445019b0e | Novel meta-devices to control angular dispersion. a SEM images of the angular independent meta-absorber with symmetric and asymmetrical configurations. Px, Py are the periodicity along x and y directions, respectively. b Schematics of multifunctional metadevice for polarization conversion. Linear incident light can be converted to right-handed (RCP) or left-handed circular polarization (LCP) depending on incident angles. a Reprinted with permission from Ref. [78]. Copyright 2020, Zhang et al. b Reprinted with permission from Ref. [79]. Copyright 2018, American Physical Society | PMC9756243 | 12200_2022_17_Fig8_HTML.jpg |
0.425305 | 22ae0c0354fe4fe083c19540f515487b | Aplanatic metalens. a A flat metalens illuminated by parallel rays incident at angle \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\alpha$$\end{document}α. The OPD equals the red segment plus the equivalent OP of phase discontinuity \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\frac{\lambda }{2\uppi }\phi (r)$$\end{document}λ2πϕ(r), subtracting the yellow segment. b Point spread function (PSF) and c modulation transfer function (MTF) of flat metalens. d Schematics of an aplanatic metalens with metasurface pattern on a spherical substrate. e PSF and f MTF of aplanatic metalens. The sidelobe here is significantly reduced compared with b. And the spatial resolution at minimum contrast 0.5 is enhanced from 8 to 30 cycles/mm. a–f Reprinted with permission from Ref. [80]. Copyright 2013, The Optical Society | PMC9756243 | 12200_2022_17_Fig9_HTML.jpg |
0.503139 | 6533b8e9a91f451c8b4fcf65fad9f224 | African countries where IOM practice is performed.1,4,11,15,16,17,19,21,29,30 (Map created with mapchart.net) | PMC9756706 | 41415_2022_5317_Fig1_HTML.jpg |
0.457827 | 40c5ca7e98034f058f31cab8e58d8114 | Flowchart to guide clinical management of IOM36 | PMC9756706 | 41415_2022_5317_Fig2_HTML.jpg |
0.406741 | d24e5c7db6704063ab51985496a5576a | Appendix 1 IOM data collection tool. Section 1-3 to be completed for all patients; section 4a/4b based on each individual case | PMC9756706 | 41415_2022_5317_Fig3_HTML.jpg |
0.435182 | 94ad8d8970ef4543a82eab90ba7dac95 | Frequencies of pfdhfr and pfdhps mutations in Thailand, Cambodia, and Lao PDR between 2008 and 2018. | PMC9757559 | pone.0278928.g001.jpg |
0.420699 | d347b1e8022b41939bf9dda84b73ccb9 | Changes in IRNL-SGKGA and IRNI-AGEAA frequencies of pfdhfr and pfdhps haplotypes between 2008 and 2018. | PMC9757559 | pone.0278928.g002.jpg |
0.446004 | 7430f0f325324cb182828c05e6948ceb | Haplotype network pfdhfr and pfdhps mutations in Thailand, Cambodia, and Lao PDR for visualizing the relationships among the amino acids within the parasite populations. | PMC9757559 | pone.0278928.g003.jpg |
0.443709 | 781240497d4c4c43876bd8c1b048ac68 | Unmet needs of people with alopecia areata in Latin America | PMC9758465 | 13555_2022_845_Fig1_HTML.jpg |
0.423125 | 9be42ad0a7ed4beb90c4fdedab51912b | Hypothesized theoretical model. | PMC9759299 | gr1_lrg.jpg |
0.465298 | b2d3e4e9bcb7402db4eed832d0e0a676 | Empirically significant relationships. | PMC9759299 | gr2_lrg.jpg |
0.439236 | c26046a7eaf0486a8a28597d057ea779 | Health Belief Model framework for preventive travel health-seeking behaviour and recommendations to improve awareness and uptake of pre-travel health advice. | PMC9759470 | gr1_lrg.jpg |
0.425227 | 6c95518f81184d97a4ce051be57392b0 | Maternal-neonatal health, risk and resilience following hurricane exposure conceptual framework. (adapted from the UNICEF Conceptual Framework for Maternal and Neonatal Morbidity and Mortality) [26] | PMC9759877 | 12884_2022_5232_Fig1_HTML.jpg |
0.414929 | 888e92422ed048489529555ac5ab77b7 | Veneer preparation with silicone index: (a) side view of the preparation; (b) incisal view of the preparation; (c) completely prepared plastic tooth. | PMC9760162 | CRE2-8-1413-g001.jpg |
0.449728 | c587959da97f4dffa83570a908ed6c6f | Column graph for Duncan's multiple range test at a 5% significance level that showed the effect of different yttria percentages and two thicknesses on the fracture resistance value. | PMC9760162 | CRE2-8-1413-g002.jpg |
0.444202 | 939e89bdab0647bbaed6b212012d7ad9 | Standardization of the reductions (a) guiding grooves created on the facial surfaces (b) Incisal reduction. | PMC9760162 | CRE2-8-1413-g003.jpg |
0.433597 | da6edbf54ab7474da7b0a9f07e8ffb2d | Silicone index preparation: (a) side view of the silicone index (b) incisal view of the silicone index. | PMC9760162 | CRE2-8-1413-g005.jpg |
0.570721 | 84516da0947449a38e7a754cff5a234b | Experimental design of the fracture strength test for zirconia and lithium disilicate samples. | PMC9760162 | CRE2-8-1413-g006.jpg |
0.424993 | f09c718861df43c399e89b72404b05b7 | Distribution of frequency of otorhinolaryngological symptoms | PMC9760531 | 12070_2022_3340_Fig1_HTML.jpg |
0.379187 | 540011c9e74f44098203e8d2958749cf | Data on the maximum, minimum and median duration of the symptoms | PMC9760531 | 12070_2022_3340_Fig2_HTML.jpg |
0.439905 | 97716fb7b57049f0bafc2a5396e75faa | Schematic diagram of an aptamer binding to a target (left) (Sun and Zu, 2015); 3D structure of a 27-mer aptamer and thrombin (right). Aptamer is shown in deep blue, and thrombin, in green (Russo Krauss et al., 2013). | PMC9760908 | fcell-10-1053984-g001.jpg |
0.416435 | 5df1aea96f8343ae945701cb114499fc | General SELEX procedures (Wu et al., 2017). | PMC9760908 | fcell-10-1053984-g002.jpg |
0.458376 | a1569d6fc1824c5ab303292919d13224 | NECEEM-based non-SELEX method (Lisi et al., 2018). | PMC9760908 | fcell-10-1053984-g003.jpg |
0.436272 | e12dfd12328e4815a2ddf2955696500f | Overview of the selection size-dependent single-round selection of protein-binding polynucleotide using vs-DNA libraries; (A) the synthesis of a random ssDNA library via TdT; (B) the separation of the protein–ssDNA complex; (C) the addition of poly-A tail by qPCR amplification to dsDNA; and (D) next-generation sequencing (NGS) to analyze the sequences of the candidate aptamer (Ashley et al., 2021). | PMC9760908 | fcell-10-1053984-g004.jpg |
0.57387 | a9b79b9609984af1876f9925dc6d148d | Important advantages of aptamers over antibodies (Sun and Zu, 2015). | PMC9760908 | fcell-10-1053984-g005.jpg |
0.563978 | ee75b8501c284b2bae3bbe7030099cf1 | Structures of the nucleotide analog drugs. | PMC9760908 | fcell-10-1053984-g006.jpg |
0.627868 | 3f2dcae6e94e4cefab0e9a3e2b14aeee | Examples of aptamer–5FU conjugates. AIR-3-5FU aptamer (left); P19-5FU (middle); 5-FUdR chemical structure (right). | PMC9760908 | fcell-10-1053984-g007.jpg |
0.575109 | ba6e7694c89d457aab6dbc65316cfbe0 | Examples of aptamer–gemcitabine conjugates. P19–gemcitabine aptamer (left); G12msi aptamer (middle); and gemcitabine chemical structure (right). | PMC9760908 | fcell-10-1053984-g008.jpg |
0.455092 | 13b6377473c849e1a6cf3f9a932766b9 | Research model with hypotheses. | PMC9760925 | fpsyg-13-1014186-g001.jpg |
0.436522 | bf8833f152964a4cb9459f7f95719ab9 | Results of structural estimates model analysis. p < 0.05. | PMC9760925 | fpsyg-13-1014186-g002.jpg |
0.391028 | de73e6eeee444a05a860bd18a5607fc0 | Mean ratings and 95% CI of the missed hand disinfection vignette by study term | PMC9761031 | 12913_2022_8935_Fig1_HTML.jpg |
0.420119 | 7a5f191a9ddf4b03a443d8f0bd9e7b8b | Frequency of relevant barriers for speaking up about Patient Safety concerns | PMC9761031 | 12913_2022_8935_Fig2_HTML.jpg |
0.39498 | eae96abdf64d494eb7051093a91a3cbf | Dynamics model fit examples. | PMC9761295 | gr10_lrg.jpg |
0.43028 | c33b725c88104c56a8aa9c442b994f5f | Average ridership loss per day across all rail stations and bus lines due to different contributing factors. | PMC9761295 | gr11_lrg.jpg |
0.429225 | 84e3fb2e125148c49975cabae986c183 | Chicago Transit Authority’s bus and rail ridership, and daily reported COVID-19 deaths, from March 1, 2020, to March 1, 2021. | PMC9761295 | gr1_lrg.jpg |
0.554889 | b2f282ddf6684d18866cff9c872451b2 | Google Trends score from March 15, 2020, to February 28, 2021, for the “coronavirus” search query. | PMC9761295 | gr2_lrg.jpg |
0.434653 | 99b1c0c337004212b5d5a46657ee4b24 | The proportion of African American residents and the percentage change in total ridership by mode. | PMC9761295 | gr3_lrg.jpg |
0.419838 | f0c221bdd2ae4f18a298046395cd3dc4 | The average annual per-capita income and the percentage change in total ridership by mode. | PMC9761295 | gr4_lrg.jpg |
0.436203 | 1ff0958df7d842ce8787bdf7ed185df4 | Selected rail station catchment areas and bus lines from CTA systems. | PMC9761295 | gr5_lrg.jpg |
0.461763 | 7144910a7d0842c0a0a921abf8de98fc | Daily ridership of each rail station and the mean over all stations. | PMC9761295 | gr6_lrg.jpg |
0.46127 | c3855fdb98d64ca19b04f06d9a17faeb | Daily ridership of each bus line and the mean over all bus lines. | PMC9761295 | gr7_lrg.jpg |
0.373714 | f387f1a34e5d4b88aef55692e56c860b | WMAPE of the BSTS model in all bus lines and rail stations. | PMC9761295 | gr8_lrg.jpg |
0.440753 | 7f19c1b2d86845d597b53e34df05cfd7 | WMAPE of the dynamics model in all bus lines and rail stations. | PMC9761295 | gr9_lrg.jpg |
0.430213 | 22df5a599f15473cbeee915165a6c71b | Pathways of human exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).PAHs enter the air primarily through volcanic eruptions, forest fires, coal burning, and automobile exhaust, and enter into the water through emissions from industry and sewage treatment plants, where they may sink to the seafloor. Airborne PAHs can exist in the gas phase or be adsorbed in suspended particulates in the air. PAHs also appear in soil, plants, and animals as the air and water circulate.PAHs in these environments can all contact humans in a variety of ways, including breathing the environmental and indoor polluted air, smoking or inhaling smoke from fireplaces, eating foods that contain PAHs, and direct exposure to contaminated soil. Occupational exposures can also occur when workers inhale exhaust fumes. | PMC9763510 | gr1.jpg |
0.453775 | a9a06bb94efa45518e68f16cc90ce7bd | The mechanisms of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on human immune cells.PAHs contact mainly with the skin and respiratory tract, and tend to be concentrated in the skin and bronchial epithelial cells. Due to the high lipophilicity of PAHs, they readily penetrate the epithelial barrier, accumulate slowly in fat, and eventually persist for a long time.In general, AhR signaling is needed in both adaptive and innate immune cells, in addition to different intracellular mechanisms, including cytochrome P450 (CYP)- reactive oxygen species (ROS) axis and intracellular calcium mobilization. The study of epigenetic mechanisms has also become increasingly diverse.(1) PAHs can induce Th17 differentiation. The possible intracellular mechanisms include the Ahr-Jag1-Notch signaling pathway and the involvement of the glycogenesis regulator Hif-1α. The secretion of Th17 cytokines, including IL-17 and IL-22, was also increased. Th17 cells can be transformed by AhR into type 1 T regulatory (Tr1) cells that produce the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10. Conversely, in Tr1 cells, IL-27 was able to increase the AhR expression through a Stat3-driven mechanism.(2) PAH exposure is associated with impaired Treg function, downregulation of Foxp3, and increased methylation in the Foxp3 promoter region. PM2.5 promotes the expression of Got1, resulting in hypermethylation of the Foxp3 locus, thereby inhibiting Treg differentiation. Changes in miR223 were also associated with lower Treg levels.(3) PAHs lead to increased expression of Th2-related markers and elevated levels of secreted IL-4 and IL-13. PAHs induce oxidative stress pathways that generate ROS. ROS production may also be caused by increased expression of p40phox, a member of the membrane NADPH oxidase complex.(4) PM up-regulated the level of CYP 1A1, thereby affecting the activation of human monocytes. CXCL8 production was induced, as was IL-1β secretion by monocytes and activated macrophages.(5) Exposure to PAHs results in enhanced mast cell signaling, degranulation, mediator and cytokine release, and allergic responses in vivo. Increased expression of several endoplasmic reticulum stress-related markers was also observed. | PMC9763510 | gr2.jpg |
0.463116 | 1d47756a631346348d36095c1866b39d | Comparison of non-inferiority of VAS between two groups The VAS decrease relative to baseline after one week of treatment was the primary outcome; 25.4- and 25.3-mm decrease from baseline of the patients in the EMO and EMH group, respectively. The 95% CI for the intergroup difference was 2.88 to 3.14. According to the 8 mm noninferiority criteria, EMH group was non-inferior to EMO in terms of the VAS decrease relative to baseline after one week of treatment. | PMC9763618 | fphar-13-1051357-g001.jpg |
0.490516 | f3c6704e888c4d92aa0c986ad90a95e5 | The changes in VAS of the 2 groups before and after treatment. The VAS of the two groups on day 1, day 3, day 7, and day 14 after treatment was significantly lower than before treatment. The EMO group decreased from 59.8 to 39.6 (day 1 after treatment), 35 (day 3 after treatment), 34.5 (day 7 after treatment) days) and 34.2 (day 14 after treatment), the EHM group decreased from 59.9 to 41.6 (day 1 after treatment), 38.8 (day 3 after treatment), 34.6 (day 7 after treatment) and 33.7 (day 14 after treatment). There were significant differences between the two groups compared with pretreatment (p < 0.05), On day 21, day 28, day 60, and day 90 after treatment, the VAS of the two groups gradually increased, but it was still lower than before treatment (p < 0.05). The comparison of changes in VAS relative to baseline between the two groups at different time points showed that the EMH group was better than the EMO group at 90 days (p < 0.05), and there was no significant difference at other time points (p > 0.05). Using the repeated measures analysis of variance, no significant difference was observed for the decrease of VAS relative to baseline within the two groups (p = 0·680); however, there was a significant difference for time and time-group interactions (p < 0.001, p < 0.001) which indicating the VAS significant decreased from baseline in the two groups and the decreased amplitude with time across the two treatment groups were significantly different. | PMC9763618 | fphar-13-1051357-g002.jpg |
0.515738 | c59cae618ad74beba8915491b03f3cdb | The changes in BTP of the 2 groups before and after treatment. Breakthrough pain shows similar trends to VAS, Breakthrough pain was significantly reduced in both groups after treatment, and dropped to the lowest level on the 7th day after treatment. Breakthrough pain was 1.3 per day in the EMO group, compared with 1.5 per day in the EHM group. From the 14th day after the treatment to the 90th day after the treatment, although the number of burst pains has recovered. There are still significant lower than baseline (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in breakthrough pain before and after treatment (p > 0.05) at each visit time. Using the repeated measures analysis of variance, no significant difference was observed for the decrease of BTP from baseline within the two groups (p = 0·764); however, there was a significant difference for time and time-group interactions (p < 0.001, p < 0.049) which indicating the BTP significant decreased from baseline in the two groups and the decreased amplitude with time across the two treatment groups were significantly different. | PMC9763618 | fphar-13-1051357-g003.jpg |
0.461817 | e24cf037f8014be58d395d12965d2f2c | The changes in QOL of the 2 groups before and after treatment. Nonparametric Wilcoxon signed-rank test was applied to the analysis of QOL. The QOL of both groups was significantly improved on the 7th day and 14th day after treatment (p < 0.05), at day 14 after treatment, the QOL in the EMO group improved from 47.2 to 59.8 (p < 0.05), QOL in the EHM group improved from 46.2 to 60.4, QOL decreased slowly in both groups from the 14th day to 90th day, however, there was still a significant improvement compared with pretreatment (p < 0.05). The observed in QOL between the two groups before and after treatment were different on Day 7 (p <0.05). No significant differences are observed at other times (p> 0.05). | PMC9763618 | fphar-13-1051357-g004.jpg |
0.500097 | ae344538f9fc4e2d8634e7af70d5f8ca | The changes in GAD-7 and PHQ-9 of the 2 groups before and after treatment. Nonparametric Wilcoxon signed-rank test was applied to the analysis of GAD-7 and PHQ-9. GAD-7 and PHQ-9 in both groups decreased significantly on the 7th day after treatment compared with before treatment (p < 0.05), PHQ-9 and GAD-7 decreased to 12.1 and 9.0 on the 7th day after treatment, respectively in the EMO group and 11.6 and 7.9 in the EHM group, respectively. The two scores slowly rebounded after the 14th day. However, there is still a significant higher than before treatment (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in PHQ-9 and GAD-7 between the two groups at any visit time (p > 0.05). | PMC9763618 | fphar-13-1051357-g005.jpg |
0.457372 | 7c61c2248a024a53afc435262b949e6f | The changes in GAD-7 and PHQ-9 of the 2 groups before and after treatment. Nonparametric Wilcoxon signed-rank test was applied to the analysis of GAD-7 and PHQ-9. GAD-7 and PHQ-9 in both groups decreased significantly on the 7th day after treatment compared with before treatment (p < 0.05), PHQ-9 and GAD-7 decreased to 12.1 and 9.0 on the 7th day after treatment, respectively in the EMO group and 11.6 and 7.9 in the EHM group, respectively. The two scores slowly rebounded after the 14th day. However, there is still a significant higher than before treatment (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in PHQ-9 and GAD-7 between the two groups at any visit time (p > 0.05). | PMC9763618 | fphar-13-1051357-g006.jpg |
0.417758 | 50c98bdb9acd41a88d23674083c7b508 | The incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups The most common adverse reactions after treatment are nausea, vomiting, urinary retention. The incident rate of nausea, vomiting, and urinary retention, are 10% (4/40), 5% (2/40), and 15% (6/40), respectively, in EMO group,. While, 5% (2/40), 2.5% (1/40) and 7.5% (3/40), respectively, in EHM group. The probability of AE in EMO group was higher than that of EHM group (p > 0.05), but considering low incidence of AE, there was not statistically meaning. The overall probability of itching was lower than the other three adverse reactions, 2.5% (1/40) incidence observed in both groups (p > 0.05). The above-mentioned adverse reactions were all relatively mild, except for 1 patient in the EMO group and 1 patient in the EHM group who received catheterization. There was no infection at the epidural puncture site in both groups. At the end of the trial, we found that almost no OWS was reported between the two groups. The EMO group only reported 1 case of palpitations and 1 case of sweating on the 4th day after treatment; the EHM group reported 1 case of sweating on the 1st day after treatment, 2 cases of yawning on the 4th day after treatment. The limited AE events, less two days AE duration and mild symptoms indicates that no need to special treatment. | PMC9763618 | fphar-13-1051357-g007.jpg |
0.40826 | cbc0a4dd1b134505af26460b53ffbf2f | The correlation plot of BFT\QOL\ PHQ-9\ GAD-7 versus VAS by treatment group. The Pearson correlation analysis of BFT, QOL, PHQ-9, and GAD-7 change from baseline versus VAS show a low level of correlation (r < 0.5) mainly due to the variability and limited sample size. However,as shown in the Figure 8, the correlation plot by treatment group clearly shows that the average BFT percent change from baseline decreases rapidly with the VAS decrease from 80 to 40 mm while a relatively flat trend is observed below 40 mm for both groups. The improvement of the average change of QOL was apparently associated with the decrease in VAS. The average change of PHQ-9, and GAD-7 scores show a similar positive relationship with VAS. Linear regressions were applied to all the relationships. The estimated p-values of slope of linear regression are smaller than 0.05 except PHQ-9 of EMO group and GAD-7 in EHM group. | PMC9763618 | fphar-13-1051357-g008.jpg |
0.459464 | 28f4fc5305824ad5b864c670198ba7bf | Global number of deaths (A) and YLLs (B), by pathogen and infectious syndrome, 2019Columns show total number of deaths for each pathogen, with error bars showing 95% uncertainty intervals, with the bars split into infectious syndromes. LRI=lower respiratory infection. iNTS=invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella. Salmonella Typhi=Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi. Salmonella Paratyphi=Salmonella enterica serotype Paratyphi. UTI=urinary tract infection. YLLs=years of life lost. | PMC9763654 | gr1.jpg |
0.439588 | 220e69979b024b60b1f54278e86d96a4 | Overall age-standardised mortality rate per 100 000 population for 33 pathogens investigated, 2019 | PMC9763654 | gr2.jpg |
0.448063 | d42932204d154fb4a0568371e23298c4 | Pathogen responsible for the highest age-standardised mortality rate per 100 000 population (A) and for the highest age-standardised YLL rate per 100 000 population (B), for each country or territory, 2019A baumannii=Acinetobacter baumannii. E coli=Escherichia coli. K pneumoniae=Klebsiella pneumoniae. S aureus=Staphylococcus aureus. S pneumoniae=Streptococcus pneumoniae. YLLs=years of life lost. | PMC9763654 | gr3.jpg |
0.436741 | 730aedeea85e41e89ee0edda64b38d8c | Global number of deaths (A) and YLLs (B), by pathogen and GBD super-region, 2019Data are presented for the 14 pathogens with the largest number of global deaths; the Other group comprises the additional 19 bacteria estimated in this study. GBD=Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors. Salmonella Typhi=Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi. YLLs=years of life lost. | PMC9763654 | gr4.jpg |
0.471168 | 50aeba1626af4e818e79748e8d15bb41 | Global number of deaths, by pathogen, age, and sex groups, 2019Data are presented for the 14 pathogens with the largest number of global deaths; the Other group comprises the additional 19 bacteria estimated in this study. Neonatal=0 days to 27 days old. Post-neonatal=28 days to <1 year old. Salmonella Typhi=Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi. | PMC9763654 | gr5.jpg |
0.386194 | 68a73bba1b584911bcd6941478317c8c | Loss of job or reduced income in the four to five weeks prior to the survey in six Asia Pacific countries during COVID-19 measures, May–June 2020. In India, the response of having no work or no business (n = 3440) was included in the “loss of job or reduced salary” category.1 Missing data n = 26 in India2 Missing data n = 4 in Indonesia. | PMC9765004 | gr1_lrg.jpg |
0.408788 | c3f4a43ce5e44415ba7829a96e0fb19a | Market availability of essential items in rural and urban areas in six Asia Pacific countries during COVID-19 lockdowns, May–June 2020. The number of observations in rural areas, n = 2128 in Bangladesh, n = 3858 in India, n = 793 in Indonesia, n = 329 in Myanmar, n = 326 in the Philippines, and n = 3027 in Vietnam; In urban areas, n = 543 in Bangladesh, n = 1810 in India, n = 107 in Indonesia, n = 100 in Myanmar, n = 97 in the Philippines, and n = 404 in Vietnam. Each stack bar indicates the sum of mean percentage of items. | PMC9765004 | gr2_lrg.jpg |
0.442605 | d4f95c7d8cc54720b627bdf127f4f715 | Affordability of essential items in rural and urban areas in six Asia Pacific countries during COVID-19 lockdowns, May–June 2020. The number of observations in rural areas, n = 2128 in Bangladesh, n = 3858 in India, n = 793 in Indonesia, n = 329 in Myanmar, n = 326 in the Philippines, and n = 3027 in Vietnam; In urban areas, n = 543 in Bangladesh, n = 1810 in India, n = 107 in Indonesia, n = 100 in Myanmar, n = 97 in the Philippines, and n = 404 in Vietnam. Each stack bar indicates the sum of mean percentage of items. | PMC9765004 | gr3_lrg.jpg |
0.431244 | 6c669c39d1364b6288bf15da83ff92d9 | Reality virtuality continuum (adapted from Milgram et al [4] with permission from the authors). AR: augmented reality; AV: augmented virtuality; MR: mixed reality; VR: virtual reality. | PMC9768659 | games_v10i4e35802_fig1.jpg |
0.480513 | ec605203c951432ab39730eff9acf715 | PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) flow diagram. HMD: head-mounted display; VR: virtual reality. | PMC9768659 | games_v10i4e35802_fig2.jpg |
0.433638 | b65ec2c36fdb4f0aa93571dd3780e58d | Methodological quality assessment of included studies. | PMC9768659 | games_v10i4e35802_fig3.jpg |
0.378475 | 66d9ed24ee8b438b94c8ae0e316055b4 | Types of food groups consumed by children aged 6–23 in Enebsie Sar Midir Woreda, march 2020 (n = 512) | PMC9768955 | 40795_2022_644_Fig1_HTML.jpg |
0.441346 | 62f9afc34d4e43daae260ba3c5398edc | Schematic representation of pyrrole-based cages formed by Schiff base condensation of polyamines and poly-formyl building blocks. | PMC9769375 | d2sc05311j-f1.jpg |
0.539938 | 590b4190ec504f74ac8bb6ef0d39ce94 | Equilibrium of the [1 + 1] Schiff base condensation reaction between the “four wall” tetra-amine calix[4]pyrroles 2 and tetra-formyl counterpart 3 assisted by 4,4′-bispyridyl N,N′-dioxide 4 as template. Line drawing structure of pyridine N-oxide 5 is also shown. | PMC9769375 | d2sc05311j-f2.jpg |
0.464334 | 9666be7713ad4cae9e968f8e7b55abfe | (Top) Line drawing structure of the 4⊂1b complex with the corresponding proton assignment. (Bottom) Selected regions of the 1H NMR spectra (400 MHz, at 298 K) of CDCl3 solutions of (a) tetra-formyl calix[4]pyrrole 3, (b) tetra-amine tetra-ester calix[4]pyrrole 2b, (c) tetra-imine cage complex 4⊂1b and (d) bis-pyridyl N-oxide 4. i.s.: internal standard. See Fig. 2 for proton assignment of 2b and 3. Red and primed letters correspond to protons of the 4⊂1b complex. | PMC9769375 | d2sc05311j-f3.jpg |
0.50152 | 8da0b640ecff4b6e8abb52d0e1c6be0c | (Top) Line drawing structure of tetra-imine cage 1b with the corresponding proton assignment. (Bottom) Selected regions of the 1H NMR spectra (400 MHz, at 298 K) of an equimolar solution of tetra-formyl calix[4]pyrrole 3 and tetra-amine tetra-ester calix[4]pyrrole 2b in (a) 9 : 1 CDCl3 : CD3CN solvent mixture after 3 h; (b) CDCl3 following its preparation and (c) CDCl3 after heating the solution at 308 K for 24 h. i.s.: internal standard. See Fig. 2 for proton assignments of 2b and 3. Red letters correspond to protons of the tetra-imine cage 1b. | PMC9769375 | d2sc05311j-f4.jpg |
0.512048 | 19dfa7eec1824001826447ce1d2f2e92 | Side views of the X-ray crystal structure of tetra-imine cage 1b. The sizes of the two different portals are displayed. The structure is shown in ORTEP view with thermal ellipsoids set at 50% probability. Hydrogen atoms are shown as fixed-size spheres of 0.3 Å radius. Included guest and solvent molecules are omitted for clarity. | PMC9769375 | d2sc05311j-f5.jpg |
0.486519 | cb4d113be76849f38f0417e16445e471 | Selected regions of the 1H NMR spectra (400 MHz, at 298 K) of a CDCl3 solution of imine cage complex 52⊂1b (1 mM) in the presence of excess of bis-N-oxide 4: (a) immediately after the addition; (b) 4 days after the addition; (c) 1 month after the addition. i.s.: internal standard. See Fig. 2 for proton assignment. Primed letters indicate the proton signals of the 4⊂1b (red) and 52⊂1b (blue) complexes. Note that the polymeric aggregates of 2b and 3 present in solution also bind the N-oxides based on the integrals of the proton signals detected for the free species. However, the proton signals of the aggregates are not detected in the 1H NMR spectra due to extensive broadening. | PMC9769375 | d2sc05311j-f6.jpg |
0.500082 | f12a1388fb814b4995bfceab09508e5e | (Top) Changes in the concentration of (CD3CN)2⊂1b (black) and 4⊂1b (red) versus time (h) following the addition of 2 equiv. of bis-pyridyl N-oxide 4 (initial concentrations: [1b] = 1 mM and [4] = 2 mM). Solid lines represent the fit of the kinetic data to the rate law for a second order irreversible reaction using the parameter estimation module of COPASI Software Version 4.25. (Bottom) Selected regions of the 1H NMR spectra (500 MHz, at 298 K) of 1 mM solution of imine cage 1b in CDCl3 : CD3CN 9 : 1 mixture: (a) before, (b) following the addition of bis-pyridyl N-oxide 4, and (c) after standing at r.t. for 18 days. i.s.: internal standard. See Fig. 2 for proton assignment. Red primed letters indicate the proton signals of the 4⊂1b cage complex. | PMC9769375 | d2sc05311j-f7.jpg |
0.497182 | 7b94fce93f354214bf1580c0470ce88c | (Top) Energy minimized structures (BP86-D3-def2-TZVP DFT) of (CD3CN·5)⊂1b (main isomer observed in solution) and 52⊂1b complexes. (Bottom) Selected regions of the 1H NMR spectra (500 MHz, at 298 K) of 1 mM solution of imine cage 1b in CDCl3 : CD3CN 9 : 1 mixture before (a), after the addition of pyridyl N-oxide 5 (0.3 mM) (b) and an excess of guest (2 mM) (c). i.s.: internal standard. See Fig. 2 for proton assignment. Dark blue primed letters indicate the signals of the major isomer of (CD3CN·5)⊂1b 1 : 1 complex and light blue doubled primed letters those of the 2 : 1 complex 52⊂1b. | PMC9769375 | d2sc05311j-f8.jpg |
0.492188 | d7d394247605416f89c817ed0f48078a | Percentage change of sediment yield per HRU between 1990 and 2020 | PMC9769474 | 10661_2022_10730_Fig10_HTML.jpg |
0.37743 | cb8628dff95140b2befd7f3c10235e4a | Socio-hydrological survey: Share of people affected by water hyacinths and the profession groups that are affected (Personal Interviews, 2020) | PMC9769474 | 10661_2022_10730_Fig11_HTML.jpg |
0.433655 | 99af53d9df104cc38d1ac87d703cd975 | Location, elevation (Jarvis et al., 2008) with hillshade effect and main river system of the Inle Lake catchment | PMC9769474 | 10661_2022_10730_Fig1_HTML.jpg |
0.49456 | a956aa83ae074c7c97ae27aa119d2625 | The DPSIR framework applied to the Inle Lake | PMC9769474 | 10661_2022_10730_Fig2_HTML.jpg |
0.423315 | 9fbaa0b5c051402d82a851e68fcf0478 | Locations of sample points and interviews in the study area with land use, hillshade effect, and streams delineated from SWAT + | PMC9769474 | 10661_2022_10730_Fig3_HTML.jpg |
0.399525 | 89415a68477646f69f4f06edde13ca0c | Land use maps of 1990 and 2020 | PMC9769474 | 10661_2022_10730_Fig4_HTML.jpg |
0.425583 | 8645606e32c040629537d9151e01cdac | Changed land uses depicted with the land use of 2020 and the areas that were not changed compared to land use of 1990 | PMC9769474 | 10661_2022_10730_Fig5_HTML.jpg |
0.406052 | 0d7ea1c847d84fb48dfa93ed5e6e515a | Socio-hydrological survey: Origin of water for irrigation, domestic use, and drinking (Personal Interviews, 2020) | PMC9769474 | 10661_2022_10730_Fig6_HTML.jpg |
0.463162 | 06487460088548669ce24cff80852fe6 | Changes of evapotranspiration and water yield in % per HRU | PMC9769474 | 10661_2022_10730_Fig7_HTML.jpg |
0.428344 | 50fcb756db7b49ca865c6bf9408dba48 | Linear regression of change per subbasin between evapotranspiration, water yield, and urban, range-brush | PMC9769474 | 10661_2022_10730_Fig8_HTML.jpg |
0.455166 | 38fe56069225432d882017e395c95efc | Average annual sediment yield per HRU of the 2020 model (10 quantile classes) | PMC9769474 | 10661_2022_10730_Fig9_HTML.jpg |
0.42112 | 90d1c0e8465d4fa7b9048ae02bc24625 | Construction of the strain GZY790 optimized for SILAC experiments. (a) Schematic diagram showing the steps to delete the LYS2 gene in BWP17 to generate GZY790. UFP, URA3 flipper; FRT, flippase recognition target. (b) Confirmation of the auxotrophy of GZY790. Cells of GZY790 and SC5314 (WT strain) were grown on a GMM plate supplemented with arginine, histidine, lysine, and uridine and replicated on GMM plates lacking one of the four nutrients as indicated, followed by incubation at 30°C for 40 h. (c) Incorporation rate assay of GZY790. The strain was grown in GMM supplemented with histidine, uridine, and heavy isotope-labeled arginine-d10 and lysine-d8 at 30°C overnight. Cells were then harvested, and protein extracts were prepared to assess the incorporation rate. | PMC9769623 | spectrum.03934-22-f001.jpg |
0.448061 | 1df2766a3cd8462ea934894a8402c9c8 | Pulldown of Myc-Cyr1-associated proteins for quantitative analysis. (a) Functional test of Myc-Cyr1. Cultures of BWP17, GZY942 (cyr1Δ/Δ), and GZY1519 (cyr1Δ/Δ:MYC-CYR1) were spotted onto a serum plate and incubated at 37°C for 4 days to allow the formation of filaments along the spot edge. (b) Expression of Myc-Cyr1 in GZY790 for SILAC experiments. CYR1 in GZY790 was tagged with an N-terminal MYC epitope, and expression of Myc-Cyr1 in the resulting strain (GZY809) was confirmed by αMyc IP and WB. (c) Experimental workflow used for the identification and quantification of Myc-Cyr1-associated proteins by SILAC. GZY809 and the control strain GZY808 were grown in heavy and light media, respectively. Cells were harvested and protein extracts were prepared for IP with a Myc antibody conjugated on agarose beads. The beads were combined in a 1:1 ratio during washes. Bead-bound proteins were eluted with SDS and subsequently separated by SDS-PAGE followed by digestion with trypsin for quantitative analysis. (d) Visualization of Myc-Cyr1-associated proteins. The combined immunoprecipitates from GZY808 and GZY809 were separated by SDS-PAGE and stained with Coomassie blue. All visible bands were excised for in-gel trypsin digestion. | PMC9769623 | spectrum.03934-22-f002.jpg |
0.445435 | ab320ad419fd4fc0b44cf9d71ee04efb | Quantitative analysis of Myc-Cyr1-associated proteins. (a) Ratio versus intensity plot of identified Myc-Cyr1-associated proteins. The trypsin-digested immunoprecipitates from GZY808 and GZY809 were processed for protein identification and quantitation. Each protein’s heavy:light (H/L) ratio was plotted against its total intensity (in log10). Red and yellow dots (labeled with protein ID) indicate the potential interactors of Cyr1. (b) Distribution of the identified proteins according to their normalized H/L ratios. Proteins associated with an H/L ratio of more than 1.5:1 were considered potential Cyr1 interactors. The pie chart represents the proportion of previously known and newly identified Cyr1-interacting proteins. (c) List of the protein identities of potential Cyr1 interactors with the corresponding gene names and normalized H/L ratios. The bait protein Cyr1 is highlighted in bold. | PMC9769623 | spectrum.03934-22-f003.jpg |
0.428802 | e8797bbdf3cf4af3919beebe151dad5b | Physical and genetic interactions between Mp65 and Cyr1. (a) Validation of the physical interaction between Cyr1 and Mp65 by co-IP. Protein extracts prepared from GZY835 (Myc-Cyr1), GZY865 (Mp65-HA), and GZY866 (Myc-Cyr1 Mp65-HA) were subjected to αHA and αMyc IP, followed by SDS-PAGE and WB with the αMyc (left) and αHA (right) antibodies. (b) Congo red sensitivity test of the mp65Δ/Δ mutant. YPD cultures of BWP17, mp65Δ/Δ (GZY871), and mp65Δ/Δ:PMET3-GFP-MP65 (GZY900) were serially diluted (1:10) in water and spotted onto YPD plates containing 0 or 100 μg/mL Congo red. The plates were incubated at 30°C for 24 h. (c) Defective filamentation of the mp65Δ/Δ mutant on serum plate. YPD cultures of BWP17, cyr1Δ/Δ, mp65Δ/Δ, mp65Δ/Δ:PMET3-GFP-MP65, and mp65Δ/Δ:TetOff-Myc-EFG1 (GZY1521) were spotted onto serum plates and incubated at 37°C for 4 days. (d) Hyphal growth of mp65Δ/Δ in liquid culture and filamentous growth of mp65Δ/Δ on Spider plate. Cultures of BWP17 and mp65Δ/Δ were induced for hyphal growth in YPD containing 10% FBS at 37°C for 2 h. For filamentous growth on Spider plates, YPD cultures of BWP17 and mp65Δ/Δ were streaked onto Spider plates and incubated at 30°C for 6 days. (e) Biofilm development assays of the mp65Δ/Δ mutant. BWP17, bcr1Δ/Δ (GZY1094), and mp65Δ/Δ were grown on the bottom of a 96-well polystyrene plate to induce biofilm formation. Biofilms of each strain were subjected to visual inspection and microscopic examination and further quantified by density measurement at OD600 and an XTT assay at OD490. BWP17 formed normal biofilms and bcr1Δ/Δ formed defective biofilms. ****, P < 0.0001. mp65Δ/Δ displayed no significant (ns) differences in OD600 (P = 0.7441) or the XTT assay (P = 0.4147) compared to BWP17. | PMC9769623 | spectrum.03934-22-f004.jpg |
0.435813 | 4cdbd7594c2c4204b5e415359b0947bb | Physical and genetic interactions between Sln1 and Cyr1. (a) Validation of the physical interaction between Sln1 and Mp65 by co-IP. Protein extracts prepared from GZY847 (Sln1-Myc), GZY855 (HA-Cyr1), and GZY851 (HA-Cyr1 Sln1-Myc) were subjected to αHA and αMyc IP, followed by SDS-PAGE and WB with the αMyc and αHA antibodies. (b) Defective filamentation of the sln1Δ/Δ mutant on serum plate. YPD cultures of BWP17, cyr1Δ/Δ, sln1Δ/Δ (GZY1512), sln1Δ/Δ:SLN1-Myc (GZY1518), and sln1Δ/Δ:TetOff-Myc-EFG1 (GZY1520) were spotted onto serum plates and incubated at 37°C for 5 days. (c) Defective filamentation of the sln1Δ/Δ mutant on RPMI plate. YPD cultures of BWP17, cyr1Δ/Δ, sln1Δ/Δ, sln1Δ/Δ:SLN1-Myc, and sln1Δ/Δ:TetOff-Myc-EFG1 were spotted onto RPMI plates and incubated at 37°C for 3 days. In addition, the sln1Δ/Δ mutant was also tested for filamentous growth on a RPMI plate containing 20 mM cAMP. (d) Schematic diagram depicting how Sln1 (and Mp65) participates in the regulation of filamentous growth via the physical interaction with Cyr1. | PMC9769623 | spectrum.03934-22-f005.jpg |
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