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[ { "docid": "df3102fdd06eb801114b7cb2d26185bf", "text": "Bangalore Bangalore -LSB- bæŋɡəˈlɔːr -RSB- , officially known as Bengaluru ( -LSB- ˈbeŋɡəɭuːɾu -RSB- ) , is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka . It has a population of about and a metropolitan population of about , making it the third most populous city and fifth most populous urban agglomeration in India . It is located in southern India on the Deccan Plateau . Its elevation is over 3000 ft above sea level , the highest of India 's major cities . A succession of South Indian dynasties , the Western Gangas , the Cholas and the Hoysalas , ruled the present region of Bangalore until in 1537 CE , Kempé Gowdā -- a feudal ruler under the Vijayanagara Empire -- established a mud fort considered to be the foundation of modern Bangalore . In 1638 , the Marāthās conquered and ruled Bangalore for almost 50 years , after which the Mughals captured and sold the city to the Mysore Kingdom of the Wadiyar dynasty . It was captured by the British after victory in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War ( 1799 ) , who returned administrative control of the city to the Maharaja of Mysore . The old city developed in the dominions of the Maharaja of Mysore and was made capital of the Princely State of Mysore , which existed as a nominally sovereign entity of the British Raj . In 1809 , the British shifted their cantonment to Bangalore , outside the old city , and a town grew up around it , which was governed as part of British India . Following India 's independence in 1947 , Bangalore became the capital of Mysore State , and remained capital when the new Indian state of Karnataka was formed in 1956 . The two urban settlements of Bangalore -- city and cantonment -- which had developed as independent entities merged into a single urban centre in 1949 . The existing Kannada name , Bengalūru , was declared the official name of the city in 2006 . Bangalore is sometimes referred to as the `` Silicon Valley of India '' ( or `` IT capital of India '' ) because of its role as the nation 's leading information technology ( IT ) exporter . Indian technological organisations ISRO , Infosys , Wipro and HAL are headquartered in the city . A demographically diverse city , Bangalore is the second fastest-growing major metropolis in India . It is home to many educational and research institutions in India , such as Indian Institute of Science ( IISc ) , Indian Institute of Management ( Bangalore ) ( IIMB ) , National Institute of Fashion Technology , Bangalore , National Institute of Design , Bangalore ( NID R&D Campus ) , National Law School of India University ( NLSIU ) and National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences ( NIMHANS ) . Numerous state-owned aerospace and defence organisations , such as Bharat Electronics , Hindustan Aeronautics and National Aerospace Laboratories are located in the city . The city also houses the Kannada film industry .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e736947bee1f82ed1585a4b230e270e6", "text": "Siege of Seringapatam (1799) The Siege of Seringapatam ( 5 April -- 4 May 1799 ) was the final confrontation of the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War between the British East India Company and the Kingdom of Mysore . The British , with the allied Nizam of Hyderabad , achieved a decisive victory after breaching the walls of the fortress at Seringapatam and storming the citadel . Tipu Sultan , Mysore 's ruler , was killed in the action . The British restored the Wodeyar dynasty to the throne after the victory , but retained indirect control of the kingdom .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "c58e06a87bd71d82e2139d35da54e2b8", "text": "South Karnataka", "title": "" }, { "docid": "747b9b8e10ff7d1488a84e79c052c9cd", "text": "Colonial Assam Colonial Assam ( 1826 -- 1947 ) refers to the period of History of Assam between the signing of the Treaty of Yandabo and Independence of India when Assam was under the British colonial rule . The political institutions and social relations that were established or severed during this period continue to have a direct effect on contemporary events . The legislature and political alignments that evolved by the end of the British rule continued in the post Independence period . The immigration of farmers from East Bengal and tea plantation workers from Central India continue to affect contemporary politics , most notably that which led to the Assam Movement and its aftermath .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7cf36033613efa4ee5103885031fb3b0", "text": "Battle of Arakere The Battle of Arakere was a battle fought near the Mysorean capital city of Seringapatam on 15 May 1791 during the Third Anglo-Mysore War . An army led by Charles , Earl Cornwallis consisting of British East India Company and British Army forces , along with allied forces from the Nizam of Hyderabad , arrived near Seringapatam , and sought a crossing of the Kaveri River near the village of Arakere . Tipu Sultan , Mysore 's ruler , had established a defensive line there , and Cornwallis , in an attack begun early on 15 May , drove Tipu from his position . Tipu retreated into Seringapatam ; Cornwallis , whose army was running out of food , retreated to Bangalore after the battle .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bea76ac0f947f9b24a908294729d3be5", "text": "Battle of Hyderabad The Battle of Hyderabad , also called The Battle of Dubba ( or The Battle of Dubbo in contemporary references ) was fought on 24 March 1843 between the forces of British East India company and the Talpur Emirs of Sindh near Hyderabad , Sindh , Pakistan . A small British force , led by Captain James Outram , were attacked by the Talpur Balochis and forced to make a fort of the British residence , which they successfully defended until they finally escaped to a waiting river steamer . After the British victory at Meeanee ( also spelt Miani ) , Charles Napier continued his advance to the Indus River and attacked the Sindh capital of Hyderabad . Hyderabad was defended by 20,000 troops under the command of Mir Sher Muhammad Talpur and Hosh Mohammad . Charles Napier with a force of only 6,000 men but with artillery support stormed the city . During the battle Hosh Mohammad was killed and his forces routed ; Baluchistani resistance collapsed and Sindh came under British rule .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b9a640600a7e28ea874238679a8b054", "text": "S. Srikanta Sastri Sondekoppa Srikanta Sastri ( 5 November 1904 -- 10 May 1974 ) was an Indian historian , Indologist , and polyglot . He authored about 12 books , over two hundred articles , several monographs and book reviews over four decades in English , Kannada , Telugu and Sanskrit . To his credit are such works as `` Sources of Karnataka History '' , `` Geopolitics of India & Greater India '' , `` Bharatiya Samskruthi '' ( a compendium on Indian culture and tradition ) and `` Hoysala Vastushilpa '' ( a study of temple architecture of the Hoysala period in Karnataka ) . S. Srikanta Sastri was a polyglot well versed in fourteen languages spanning Greek , Latin , Pali , Prakrit , Sanskrit and German among others . He was Head of the Department of History & Indology at Maharaja College , University of Mysore between 1940 - 1960 . He was conferred the Kannada Literary Academy award in 1970 and was subsequently honoured by Governor of Karnataka Mohanlal Sukhadia in 1973 during mythic society diamond jubilee function . A Festschrift was brought forth and presented to him during his felicitation function in 1973 titled `` Srikanthika '' with articles on History and Indology by distinguished scholars . His work on Indus Valley Civilization and town planning at Harappa and Mohenjodaro were published in successive articles and drew considerable attention . His Research articles on The Aryan Invasion theory , the date of Adi Sankaracharya , Oswald Spengler 's view on Indian Culture , Jaina Epistemology , Proto-Vedic religion of Indus Valley Civilization and Evolution of the Gandaberunda insignia remain relevant today . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "282446158f3e0bd1bbb87cf69c46951b", "text": "Mysore–Bangalore line Mysore -- Bangalore line is a railway line from to .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d53a1b45c3c0da50a1c1703bb651104", "text": "Vellore mutiny The Vellore mutiny on 10 July 1806 was the first instance of a large-scale and violent mutiny by Indian sepoys against the East India Company , predating the Indian Rebellion of 1857 by half a century . The revolt , which took place in the South Indian city of Vellore , was brief , lasting only one full day , but brutal as mutineers seized the Vellore Fort and killed or wounded 200 British troops . The mutiny was subdued by cavalry and artillery from Arcot . Summary executions of about 100 mutineers took place during the suppression of the outbreak , followed by the formal court-martial of smaller numbers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a90775233b7d01d62b08f67918d77561", "text": "Barrackpore mutiny of 1824 The Barrackpore mutiny was a rising of native Indian sepoys against their British officers in Barrackpore in November 1824 . The incident occurred when the British East India Company was fighting the First Anglo-Burmese War ( 1824 -- 26 ) under the leadership of the governor-general of India William Amherst , 1st Earl Amherst . The mutiny had its roots in British insensitivity towards Indian cultural sentiments , combined with negligence and poor supply arrangements , which caused growing resentment amongst the sepoys of several regiments of the Bengal Native Infantry after a long march from Mathura to Barrackpore . The lack of transport for personal effects and cultural concerns about being transported by sea caused apprehension and when troops from the 47th Native Infantry appeared on parade , the troops refused to march towards Chittagong , unless their grievances were remedied . Attempts to resolve the dispute failed and dissent spread to elements of the 26th and 62nd Regiments . The Commander-in-Chief , India , General Sir Edward Paget , ordered the troops to lay down their arms before considering their requests for redress . When the sepoys refused , their camp was surrounded by loyal soldiers from the 26th and 62nd Regiments and two British regiments . After a final ultimatum , the camp was attacked with artillery and infantry and around 180 sepoys were killed , as were a number of civilian bystanders . In the aftermath , a number of mutineers were hanged and others sentenced to long periods of penal servitude . The 47th Regiment was disbanded and its Indian officers dismissed , while its European officers were transferred to other regiments . The incident was largely suppressed in the media , with only limited information being released to the public but public outrage over the incident resulted in widespread condemnation of the British colonial government . Ordinary British people were especially furious with the government for its heavy-handedness in dealing with the sepoys ' grievances .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9fc01c2d93afa886bd6ffb0814a15ffa", "text": "Hoysala Empire The Hoysala empire was a prominent Southern Indian Kannadiga empire that ruled most of the modern-day state of Karnataka between the 10th and the 14th centuries . The capital of the Hoysalas was initially located at Belur but was later moved to Halebidu . The Hoysala rulers were originally from Malnad Karnataka , an elevated region in the Western Ghats range . In the 12th century , taking advantage of the internecine warfare between the then ruling Western Chalukya and Kalachuri kingdoms , they annexed areas of present-day Karnataka and the fertile areas north of the Kaveri River delta in present-day Tamil Nadu . By the 13th century , they governed most of present-day Karnataka , minor parts of Tamil Nadu and parts of western Andhra Pradesh and Telangana in Deccan India . The Hoysala era was an important period in the development of art , architecture , and religion in South India . The empire is remembered today primarily for its temple architecture . Over a hundred surviving temples are scattered across Karnataka . Well known temples `` which exhibit an amazing display of sculptural exuberance '' include the Chennakesava Temple at Belur , the Hoysaleswara Temple at Halebidu , and the Kesava Temple at Somanathapura . The Hoysala rulers also patronised the fine arts , encouraging literature to flourish in Kannada and Sanskrit .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9711a4527714989b1d45c8a1050a487a", "text": "Bangalore district Bangalore District was a district in the state of Karnataka , India . In 1986 , Bangalore District was bifurcated into Bangalore Urban district and Bangalore Rural district . Category : Former districts of India", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40ca860b90d67d9e8cc6f84c171e7900", "text": "Government of India Act 1858 The Government of India Act 1858 was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom ( 21 & 22 Vict . c. 106 ) passed on August 2 , 1858 . Its provisions called for the liquidation of the British East India Company ( who had up to this point been ruling British India under the auspices of Parliament ) and the transference of its functions to the British Crown . Lord Palmerston , then-Prime Minister of the United Kingdom , introduced a bill for the transfer of control of the Government of India from the East India Company to the Crown , referring to the grave defects in the existing system of the government of India . However , before this bill was to be passed , Palmerstone was forced to resign on another issue . Later Edward Henry Stanley , 15th Earl of Derby ( who would later become the first Secretary of State for India ) introduced another bill which was originally titled as `` An Act for the Better Government of India '' and it was passed on August 2 , 1858 . This act provided that India was to be governed directly and in the name of the Crown .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5e7180920f616be41a3ede211d8692e8", "text": "International recognition of Bangladesh The Bangladesh Liberation War ( মুক্তিযুদ্ধ Muktijuddho ) was a revolutionary independence war in South Asia during 1971 which established the republic of Bangladesh . The war pitted East Pakistan against West Pakistan , and lasted over a duration of nine months . It witnessed large-scale atrocities , the exodus of 10 million refugees and the displacement of 30 million people . The war broke out on 26 March 1971 , when the Pakistani Army launched a military operation called Operation Searchlight against Bengali civilians , students , intelligentsia and armed personnel , who were demanding that the Pakistani military junta accept the results of the 1970 first democratic elections of Pakistan , which were won by an eastern party , or to allow separation between East and West Pakistan . Bengali politicians and army officers announced the declaration of Bangladesh 's independence in response to Operation Searchlight . Bengali military , paramilitary and civilians formed the Mukti Bahini ( মুক্তি বাহিনী `` Liberation Army '' ) , which engaged in guerrilla warfare against Pakistani forces . The Pakistan Army , in collusion with religious extremist militias ( the Razakars , Al-Badr and Al-Shams ) , engaged in the systematic genocide and atrocities of Bengali civilians , particularly nationalists , intellectuals , youth and religious minorities . Bangladesh government-in-exile was set up in the city of Calcutta ( now Kolkata ) in the Indian State of West Bengal . India entered the war on 3 December 1971 , after Pakistan launched pre-emptive air strikes on northern India . Overwhelmed by two war fronts , Pakistani defences soon collapsed . On 16 December , the Allied Forces of Bangladesh and India defeated Pakistan in the east . The subsequent surrender resulted in the largest number of prisoners-of-war since World War II .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cee147e9a7a69db2044a14ebc952cb5c", "text": "Bangalore Tiger Bangalore Tiger : How Indian Tech upstart Wipro Is Rewriting the Rules of Global Competition is a book published in 2006 by McGraw-Hill Companies , Inc , New York City , and authored by Steve Hamm . It focuses on what it calls the `` new breed of transnationals '' who have brought about cause for `` multinationals '' to `` beware '' . Says the book 's jacket : `` From its mastery of global collaboration and its market expansion strategy to its constant-improvement approach and `` zero politics '' policy , author Steve Hamm reveals the never-before-told story of how `` The Wipro Way '' of doing business is changing the world . An Indian edition of the book was published by Tata McGraw-Hill of New Delhi . It is dated 2007 , though the book was available at newsstands and bookshops in end-2006 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb6c435d7b7dba6ea12161883d99e2c9", "text": "Kodagu Gowda Arebhashe gowdas or Kodagu and Dakshina Kannada Gowdas ' are a major ethnic group in parts of Dakshina Kannada , like Sullia , Puttur , parts of Bantwal and Belthangadi Taluks , and in parts of Kodagu . They were mostly living in some of these places called as Amara Sulya ( Sulya ) , which was part of Kodagu ( Coorg ) during Haleri Dynasty of Kodagu , hence the Tulu and Dakshina Kannada Gowdas are also called Kodagu Gowdas ( Coorg Gowdas ) . Guddemane Appayya Gowda , whose family was given lands in Kodagu in 1800 , along with others from Kodagu and Kedambadi Rame Gowda from Sullia Dakshina Kannada rebelled against the British and hoisted Jangama ( Lingayite monk ) Kalyanaswamy 's flag in Bavuta Gudde '' in Mangalore and ruled for 13 days .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d0841fdeb065fdec1c6798cc290e1ba5", "text": "Provisional Government of India The Provisional Government of India was a provisional government-in-exile established in Kabul , Afghanistan on December 1 , 1915 by Indian nationalists , during World War I with support from the Central Powers . Its purpose was to enrol support from the Afghan Emir as well as Tsarist ( and later Bolshevik ) Russia , China , and Japan for the Indian Movement . Established at the conclusion of the Kabul Mission composed of members of the Berlin Committee , German and Turkish delegates , the provisional government was composed of Mahendra Pratap as President , Maulana Barkatullah as Prime Minister , Deobandi Maulavi Ubaidullah Sindhi as Home Minister , Deobandi Maulavi Bashir as War Minister , and Champakraman Pillai as Foreign Affairs Minister . The provisional government found significant support from the internal administration of the Afghan government , although the Emir refused to declare open support , and ultimately , under British pressure it was forced to withdraw from Afghanistan in 1919 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68393505e23dec080d8c62f12da2aeb0", "text": "Rajaji Hall Rajaji Hall , previously known as the Banqueting Hall , Madras , is a public hall in the city of Chennai , India used for social functions . The hall was built by John Goldingham to commemorate the British victory over Tipu Sultan in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "89da6db73249ab7a4d6fb7b6da148607", "text": "Karnataka Express The Karnataka Express is a daily Superfast train that runs between the Bangalore City , the Capital of Karnataka and the Indian Capital New Delhi . It is one of the most punctual and demanded trains , joining New Delhi to South India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "763732c7463234a9c296bba314ecf8e4", "text": "Great Depression in India The Great Depression of 1929 had a very severe impact on India , which was then under the rule of the British Raj . The Government of British India adopted a protective trade policy which , though beneficial to the United Kingdom , caused great damage to the Indian economy . During the period 1929 -- 1937 , exports and imports fell drastically crippling seaborne international trade . The railways and the agricultural sector were the most affected . The international financial crisis combined with detrimental policies adopted by the Government of India resulted in soaring prices of commodities . High prices along with the stringent taxes prevalent in British India had a dreadful impact on most Indians . The discontent of farmers manifested itself in rebellions and riots . The Salt Satyagraha of 1930 was one of the measures undertaken as a response to heavy taxation during the Great Depression . The Great Depression and the economic policies of the Government of British India worsened already deteriorating Indo-British relations . When the first general elections were held according to the Government of India Act 1935 , anti-British feelings resulted in the pro-independence Indian National Congress winning in most provinces with a very high percentage of the vote share .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b24037393605e67db8740b7fa67b7f7", "text": "Bombay (ship) Several ships have been named after Bombay ( now Mumbai ) : c. 1700 - Merchant ship of the British East India Company attacked by Kanhoji Angre was a 90-foot , 24-gun grab launched in 1739 and burnt by accident in 1789 at Bombay . She was built at the Bombay Dockyard of teak from Malabar for the British East India Company 's naval forces . She was the second largest ship in the EIC 's Bombay Marine at the time . 1742 - Sloop of the Bengal Pilot Service as a non-combatant vessel 1750 - Grab armed 90 ft cruiser of 32 guns : frigate launched in 1793 at Bombay Dockyard ; of 639 or 693 tons ( bm ) , and 38 or 42 guns . Sold to the Admiralty in 1805 , renamed HMS Ceylon in 1808 , and broken up in 1861 . Bombay : ship launched in 1801 , of 315 tons ( bm ) Bombay : East Indiaman launched at Bombay Dockyard in 1808 ; of 1228 or 1242 tons ( bm ) and 26 guns . Traded with China and fought at the Malacca Straits in 1810 . Sold for a hulk in 1860 and was broken up in Bombay in 1870 . 1821 - Gunboat of the British East India Company 1835 - 62-ton ( bm ) schooner involved in coastal trade 1872-1905 - Light vessel at the outer limits of Bombay Harbour", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "cce646e46f1415f7ee921896dd03266b", "text": "Dangerously in Love Dangerously in Love is the debut studio album by American singer Beyoncé . It was released on June 24 , 2003 , by Columbia Records and Music World Entertainment . During the recording of Destiny 's Child 's third studio album Survivor ( 2001 ) , the group announced that they would produce solo albums to be released . Recording sessions for the album took place from March 2002 to March 2003 at several studios , during the hiatus of her then-group Destiny 's Child . As executive producer of the album , Beyoncé took a wider role in its production , co-writing a majority of the songs , choosing which ones to produce and sharing ideas on the mixing and mastering of tracks . The tracks in the album are a mixture of uptempo songs and ballads , which are basically inspired by R&B and soul genres ; it also features elements of hip hop and Arabic music . Although Beyoncé remained discreet about her interpretation of the songs , its underlying meanings were attributed by music writers as an allusion to her intimate relationship with then-boyfriend and well-known music mogul Jay-Z . Dangerously in Love received positive reviews from music critics upon its release , with critics praising Knowles ' `` artistic leap '' . The album also received numerous accolades , earning Beyoncé five Grammy Awards . Dangerously in Love reached a worldwide commercial success , earning multi-platinum certifications in Australia , the United Kingdom , and the United States . The album debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 chart , selling 317,000 copies in its first week , earning Beyoncé the highest debut sales among Destiny 's Child members ' solo albums . Dangerously in Love has sold over 11 million copies worldwide and has produced two number one Billboard singles and multiple top tens .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "33bb4f94ee29446918dab63d64a4080b", "text": "Really Love You `` Really Love You '' is a song written by Paul McCartney and Ringo Starr -- their first-ever shared credit -- and originally released on McCartney 's 1997 album Flaming Pie . In 2005 , a remixed version was released as a limited edition 12 '' vinyl , from the album Twin Freaks . The song was written during a jam session the day after McCartney and Starr recorded `` Beautiful Night '' , another song on Flaming Pie that features Starr on drums .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a0136a2e0176f722b720a1d15a97d5e", "text": "In My Life (George Martin album) In My Life is a 1998 album compiled and produced by Sir George Martin . The CD is composed almost entirely of cover versions of The Beatles songs which George Martin produced originally .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ca01053d3f9cad2671b895cee50e328", "text": "The Beatles' 1965 UK tour The Beatles ' 1965 tour of the United Kingdom was a concert tour that took place between 3 and 12 December 1965 , comprising 18 shows at nine venues across England , Scotland and Wales . It coincided with the release of the Beatles ' studio album Rubber Soul and their double A-side single `` Day Tripper '' / `` We Can Work It Out '' , and was the final UK tour undertaken by the band . Weary of Beatlemania , the group conceded to do the tour but refused to also perform a season of Christmas concerts as they had done over the 1963 -- 64 and 1964 -- 65 holiday seasons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "24eb0cce6cf6fd8c34eb1ea959aec17a", "text": "Come and Get It: The Best of Apple Records Come and Get It : The Best of Apple Records is a greatest hits compilation album containing songs by artists signed to the Beatles ' Apple record label between 1968 and 1973 . The first such multi-artist Apple compilation , it was released on 25 October 2010 . Among the artists are Badfinger , Mary Hopkin , James Taylor , Billy Preston , Jackie Lomax , Ronnie Spector and Hot Chocolate . In most cases , the recordings were produced by one of the Beatles , with George Harrison and Paul McCartney being the most heavily represented on the album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5784460fab954607c55204fad19a555b", "text": "The Family Way (soundtrack) The Family Way is a soundtrack recording composed by Paul McCartney , released in January 1967 . The album is the soundtrack to the 1966 film of the same name , directed by Roy Boulting and starring Hayley Mills . Produced and arranged by George Martin , the album was credited to `` The George Martin Orchestra '' and issued under the full title The Family Way ( Original Soundtrack Album ) . A 45rpm single , again credited to the George Martin Orchestra , was issued on 23 December 1966 , comprising `` Love in the Open Air '' backed with `` Theme From ` The Family Way ' '' , as United Artists UP1165 . The Family Way won an Ivor Novello Award in 1967 . It was remastered and released on CD in 1996 with new musical compositions not on the original 1967 soundtrack album . The recording took place over November and December 1966 , before the Beatles began work on their album Sgt. Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band . McCartney 's involvement in the project was minimal , according to biographer Howard Sounes , who quotes Martin 's recollection that he had to `` pester Paul for the briefest scrap of a tune '' with which to start writing the score . After McCartney had provided `` a sweet little fragment of a waltz tune '' , Martin continued , `` I was able to complete the score . '' Although The Family Way was released in January 1967 , most commentators consider George Harrison 's Wonderwall Music ( 1968 ) , also a film soundtrack , to be the first solo album by a member of the Beatles . Unlike with McCartney 's film score , Harrison directed and produced the recordings for Wonderwall Music , in addition to playing on some of the album . Following a 2003 CD reissue in mono , in 2011 a new remastered version of the soundtrack was released by Varese Vintage that featured the original 1967 score by Paul McCartney in the original sequence , remastered from the original first generation stereo master tapes , and included the unreleased stereo mix of `` A Theme From The Family Way '' as a bonus track , which had appeared originally as the B-side of the 1966 UK/US 7-inch single by the Tudor Minstrels .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e33dacfc1e536b51c4cca24199c2993e", "text": "A Hard Day's Night (film) A Hard Day 's Night is a 1964 British musical comedy film directed by Richard Lester and starring the Beatles -- John Lennon , Paul McCartney , George Harrison , and Ringo Starr -- during the height of Beatlemania . It was written by Alun Owen and originally released by United Artists . The film portrays several days in the lives of the group . The film was a financial and critical success . Time magazine rated it as one of the all-time great 100 films . British critic Leslie Halliwell described it as a `` comic fantasia with music ; an enormous commercial success with the director trying every cinematic gag in the book '' and awarded it a full four stars . The film is credited as being one of the most influential of all musical films , inspiring numerous spy films , the Monkees ' television show and pop music videos .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e40385d7979fe2224a8b24d83f2ecc9", "text": "All for the Beatles `` All for the Beatles '' is a song written and released in 1964 by Harry Nilsson and John Marascalco . It was released as a single with the alternative title `` Stand Up and Holler '' under Nilsson 's pseudonym Foto-Fi Four and was packaged with a synchronized standard 8 mm film of The Beatles first arriving in the United States in 1964 . The rhythm of `` All for the Beatles '' is similar to that of `` Not Fade Away '' , a Buddy Holly cover by The Rolling Stones , which was also based on Bo Diddley 's song `` Bo Diddley '' . The song , which preempted the later friendship and collaboration of Nilsson with The Beatles , was not a commercial success , but the single became a sought-after collectible . A cover version was later released as `` All for the Beatles ( Stand Up and Holler ) '' by The Originals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d92b2cd291824a03c2b20bf4d8a85a2", "text": "We Can Work It Out `` We Can Work It Out '' is a song by the English rock band the Beatles , written by Paul McCartney and John Lennon . It was first issued as a double A-side single with `` Day Tripper '' in December 1965 . The release marked the first time that both tracks on a Beatles single were designated as joint A-sides . The song was recorded during the sessions for the band 's Rubber Soul album . `` We Can Work It Out '' is a comparatively rare example of a Lennon -- McCartney collaboration from this period in the Beatles ' career , in that it recalls the level of collaboration the two songwriters had shared when writing the group 's hit singles of 1963 . This song , `` A Day in the Life '' , `` Baby , You 're a Rich Man '' and `` I 've Got a Feeling '' , are among the notable exceptions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dbb3ec52ed29e2e727c9a664b95402a7", "text": "I'm Too Sexy `` I 'm Too Sexy '' is the debut song by British group Right Said Fred . The single peaked at number two on the UK Singles Chart . Outside the United Kingdom , `` I 'm Too Sexy '' topped the charts in six countries , including Australia , Ireland , and the United States . The single equalled the record for the most weeks at number two on the UK Singles Chart without ever topping the chart , staying at number two for six weeks in a row while held back by Bryan Adams ' '' ( Everything I Do ) I Do It for You '' ( this equalled the previous record set by Father Abraham 's 1978 hit `` The Smurf Song '' ) . `` I 'm Too Sexy '' was the act 's first of several hits , particularly in the United Kingdom . They went on to have a number one single on the UK Singles Chart with `` Deeply Dippy '' in April 1992 . In April 2008 , the song was rated No. 49 on `` The 50 Worst Songs Ever ! Watch , Listen and Cringe ! '' by Blender . In 2007 , the song was voted No. 80 on VH1 's 100 Greatest Songs of the 90s . In 2011 , it was voted No. 2 on VH1 's 40 Greatest One-Hit Wonders of the 90s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e960b943ccdcb03e148819fb0f937403", "text": "Red Rose Speedway Red Rose Speedway is the second album by Paul McCartney and Wings and the fourth by McCartney since leaving the Beatles . The album was released in 1973 after the relatively weak commercial performance of McCartney 's previous , Wild Life , which had been credited to Wings . Red Rose Speedway reached No. 1 on the Billboard 200 chart in the United States and `` My Love '' was a No. 1 single and the most popular track from the album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35ea72822fcc112c787f47d5d37daaff", "text": "The Beatles (TV series) The Beatles is an American animated television series featuring representations of the popular English rock band of the same name . It ran from 1965 to 1969 on ABC in the U.S. ( only 1965 to 1967 was first run ; later transmissions were reruns ) . The series debuted on September 25 , 1965 and ended on September 7 , 1969 . A total of 39 episodes were produced . The series was shown on Saturday mornings at 10:30 AM EST until the 1967 third season when it was moved to 12:00 PM EST. . For the fourth season , which consisted of reruns , the series was shown at 9:30 AM EST on Sunday mornings . Each episode has a name of a Beatles song , so the story is based on its lyrics and it is also played at some time in the episode . The original series was rebroadcast in syndication by MTV in 1986 and 1987 and on the Disney Channel beginning in 1989 on Fridays at 5 PM . The series was a historical milestone as the first weekly television series to feature animated versions of real , living people .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b08539795926ea0051f8f8ea48d7990", "text": "I Just Can't Stop It I Just Ca n't Stop It is the debut album by UK 2 tone band The Beat . The album was released in 1980 via Go Feet Records in the UK . It was released the same year in the US on I.R.S. Records under the band name `` The English Beat '' . Well received from the start , publications such as Rolling Stone raved that the music was `` wild and threatening , sexy and sharp . '' AllMusic later said '' -LSB- it -RSB- was a stunning achievement '' , which has been undiminished by time . The song `` Mirror in the Bathroom '' featured in the films Grosse Pointe Blank ( 1997 ) and in RocknRolla ( 2008 ) , while the song `` Hands Off ... She 's Mine '' featured in the film 50 First Dates ( 2004 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d837b8f1a48b8e3ca01f03485efad86", "text": "Eleanor Rigby `` Eleanor Rigby '' is a song by the Beatles , released on the 1966 album Revolver and as a 45 rpm single . It was written primarily by Paul McCartney , and credited to Lennon -- McCartney . The song continued the transformation of the Beatles from a mainly rock and roll - and pop-oriented act to a more experimental , studio-based band . With a double string quartet arrangement by George Martin and striking lyrics about loneliness , `` Eleanor Rigby '' broke sharply with popular music conventions , both musically and lyrically . Richie Unterberger of Allmusic cites the band 's `` singing about the neglected concerns and fates of the elderly '' on the song as `` just one example of why the Beatles ' appeal reached so far beyond the traditional rock audience '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6984ceab56e94097680ae48572c70f9d", "text": "What Goes On (Beatles song) `` What Goes On '' is a song by the Beatles , featured as the eighth track on their sixth British album Rubber Soul . The song was later released as the B-side of the US single `` Nowhere Man '' , and then as the tenth track on the North America-only album Yesterday and Today . It is the only song by the band credited to Lennon -- McCartney-Starkey .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe9761c0b629832c4a69965e2acb6339", "text": "Blue Jay Way `` Blue Jay Way '' is a song recorded by the English rock band the Beatles . Written by George Harrison , it was released in 1967 on the group 's Magical Mystery Tour EP and album . The song was named after a street in the Hollywood Hills of Los Angeles where Harrison stayed in August 1967 , shortly before visiting the Haight-Ashbury district of San Francisco . The lyrics document Harrison 's wait for music publicist Derek Taylor to find his way to Blue Jay Way through the fog-ridden hills , while Harrison struggled to stay awake after the flight from London to Los Angeles . As with several of Harrison 's compositions from this period , `` Blue Jay Way '' incorporates aspects of Indian classical music , although the Beatles used only Western instrumentation on the track , including a drone-like Hammond organ part played by Harrison . Created during the group 's psychedelic period , the track makes extensive use of studio techniques such as flanging , Leslie rotary effect , and reversed tape sounds . The song appeared in the Beatles ' 1967 television film Magical Mystery Tour , in a sequence that visually re-creates the sense of haziness and dislocation evident on the recording . While some reviewers have dismissed the song as monotonous , many others have admired its yearning quality and dark musical mood . The website Consequence of Sound describes `` Blue Jay Way '' as `` a haunted house of a hit , adding an ethereal , creepy mythos to the City of Angels '' . Among its continued links with Los Angeles , the song was one of the first Beatles tracks that cult leader Charles Manson adopted as the foundation for his Helter Skelter theory of an American race-related countercultural revolution . Artists who have covered the song include Bud Shank , Colin Newman , Tracy Bonham , Siouxsie and the Banshees and Greg Hawkes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b403484521a5e879481e0f2ce9acd3e", "text": "The Beatles' Christmas records The Beatles ' Christmas records were spoken and musical messages from English rock group The Beatles that were posted out on flexi disc at Christmas time to members of their official fan-clubs in the United Kingdom and the United States . One such record was issued each year from 1963 to 1969 and an LP compilation of all seven in 1970 . Conceived as a means to appease fan-club members whose letters , due to their sheer volume , were not always being answered in a timely manner , the records included the Beatles ' messages of thanks to `` loyal Beatle people '' , along with skits , Christmas carols , and original compositions . None of the original recordings has ever been subject to general release , though a version of `` Christmas Time ( Is Here Again ) '' , an original composition which appeared in edited form on the 1967 record , eventually gained an official release in 1995 , as part of The Beatles Anthology project .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88389568aaedbbbf849d07898c8f5d6f", "text": "Chaos and Creation at Abbey Road Chaos and Creation at Abbey Road , recorded on 28 July 2005 , was a live concert given by Paul McCartney at Abbey Road Studios , specifically Studio 2 , where many of The Beatles ' recordings were made . Chaos and Creation at Abbey Road was meant as a promotion for McCartney 's album Chaos and Creation in the Backyard . As the audience was of close friends and selected fans , the concert was intimate in nature and was littered with monologues and song fragments . It was shown on BBC Two in the United Kingdom on 17 December 2005 , and on PBS in the United States on 27 February 2006 as part of the performing arts series Great Performances . McCartney plays left-handed and right-handed guitars , drums , harmonium , double bass , Mellotron , and even wine glasses in a reworking of the Wings song `` Band on the Run '' . He also reworks the Beatles ' track `` Lady Madonna '' , which he calls `` Old Lady in New Clothes '' , with a much slower tempo and a swung melody line . The bass McCartney uses on his performance of `` Heartbreak Hotel '' once belonged to Bill Black , Elvis Presley 's bass player who died in 1965 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af4800a91aef91711ec5b3a280054d1b", "text": "List of million-selling singles in the United Kingdom A million-selling single is regarded by the Official Charts Company ( OCC ) as one that has sold at least 1 million copies since the start of the UK Singles Chart in November 1952 . As well as a traditional purchase of a physical record , a sale can represent one permanent digital download of a track ( physical singles usually consist of two songs , although both are only included in sales figures for double A sides or where both receive a high level of interest and airplay ) . Both British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) - certified awards ( Silver , Gold and Platinum ) and the weekly charts now include audio streaming but these are not included in the sales figures published by the OCC . Certified awards can also include shipments ( sales to trade ) . The OCC and Music Week regularly announce when a record becomes a million seller . , 167 singles have sold 1 million copies in the UK . Of these , 108 were originally released in the 20th century ( 70 of them selling 1 million before the year 2000 ) and the remainder were released between 2000 and 2014 . The most recently released single to become a million-seller is `` Uptown Funk '' by Mark Ronson featuring Bruno Mars , which was released in December 2014 and passed a million sales ten weeks later in February 2015 . Bing Crosby 's `` White Christmas '' is the earliest release : originally 1942 , although only sales from 1952 onwards are counted . The year in which the most million-sellers were released is 2011 , with twelve ; while a record 36 releases from both the 1990s and the 2010s have sold a million copies . Only two million sellers have failed to reach the top 5 on the UK Singles Chart : Snow Patrol 's `` Chasing Cars '' and Journey 's `` Do n't Stop Believin ' '' , both of which peaked at number 6 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b0b1041bcb60cf3075268aecfab44ce", "text": "Hey Jude `` Hey Jude '' is a song by the English rock band the Beatles , written by Paul McCartney and credited to Lennon -- McCartney . The ballad evolved from `` Hey Jules '' , a song McCartney wrote to comfort John Lennon 's son , Julian , during his parents ' divorce . `` Hey Jude '' begins with a verse-bridge structure incorporating McCartney 's vocal performance and piano accompaniment ; further instrumentation is added as the song progresses . After the fourth verse , the song shifts to a fade-out coda that lasts for more than four minutes . `` Hey Jude '' was released in August 1968 as the first single from the Beatles ' record label Apple Records . More than seven minutes in length , it was at the time the longest single ever to top the British charts . It also spent nine weeks at number one in the United States , the longest for any Beatles single . `` Hey Jude '' tied the `` all-time '' record , at the time , for the longest run at the top of the US charts . The single has sold approximately eight million copies and is frequently included on professional critics ' lists of the greatest songs of all time . In 2013 , Billboard named it the 10th biggest song of all time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d274ce0861ebf8bce32fcb86260e0d37", "text": "Beatlemania in the United Kingdom The phenomenon known as Beatlemania originated in the United Kingdom , birthplace of the Beatles , when the band first realised enormous popularity there in 1963 . Returning in 1962 from a highly formative two-year residency in Germany , the Beatles achieved a commercial breakthrough with their second UK single release , `` Please Please Me '' early in 1963 , but gained `` Superstar '' status with the release of `` She Loves You '' later that year . There followed an almost non-stop series of concerts and tours , attended with feverish enthusiasm across the UK , for the whole of the following year . The Beatles ' popularity in the UK came to exceed even that of the notable American artists Tommy Roe , Chris Montez and Roy Orbison , whose UK chart success at the time did not keep them from being overshadowed by the Beatles during their 1963 nationwide tours with the lower-billed band -- an achievement previously unknown for a UK act . With intense media interest in the Beatles during 1963 , the year was also taken up with TV shows , press interviews and a weekly radio show . Despite these demands the band found time for many sessions in the recording studio , releasing two albums and four singles during the year . 1963 was also the year when Lennon 's son Julian was born . By the end of 1963 , Beatlemania would begin to spread internationally . The single `` I Want to Hold Your Hand '' entered the US charts on 18 January 1964 , selling one-and-a-half million copies in under three weeks , and the following month the Beatles made their first visit to America . The great interest in the Beatles brought about a major change in US attitudes to popular music and marked the start of the phenomenon known as the British Invasion .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "0bdee5b859d51bd172871f39d902b6fb", "text": "Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them (film) Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them is a 2016 fantasy film directed by David Yates and distributed by Warner Bros. . Pictures . A spin-off of the Harry Potter film series , it was produced and written by J. K. Rowling , in her screenwriting debut , and inspired by her book of the same name . Set in 1926 New York , the film stars Eddie Redmayne as Newt Scamander with Katherine Waterston , Dan Fogler , Alison Sudol , Ezra Miller , Samantha Morton , Jon Voight , Carmen Ejogo , Ron Perlman and Colin Farrell in supporting roles . It is the first instalment in the Fantastic Beasts series , and the ninth overall in J. K. Rowling 's Wizarding World , the franchise that began with the Harry Potter films . Principal photography began at Warner Bros. . Studios , Leavesden , England in August 2015 and was completed in January 2016 . Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them premiered in New York City on 10 November 2016 and was released worldwide on 18 November 2016 in 3D , IMAX 4K Laser and other large format cinemas . The film received positive reviews from critics and grossed $ 814 million worldwide , making it the eighth highest-grossing film of 2016 . The film was nominated for five BAFTAs , winning for Best Production Design , as well as two Academy Awards , winning Best Costume Design , becoming the first film in J.K. Rowling 's Wizarding World to win an Academy Award .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "a563751c7347799544281762a74480a2", "text": "Revenge of the Creature Revenge of the Creature ( also known as Return of the Creature and Return of the Creature from the Black Lagoon ) is the first sequel to Creature from the Black Lagoon , being the only 3-D film released in 1955 and the only 3-D sequel to a 3-D film released during `` the golden age of 3-D '' . Directed by Jack Arnold , the film stars John Agar and Lori Nelson . This was Clint Eastwood 's film debut . Revenge of the Creature premiered in Denver on March 23 , 1955 and a 2-D sequel , The Creature Walks Among Us , followed it in 1956 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c12cad832ff42c27ba52f98e9e0ae3aa", "text": "The Prince of Egypt The Prince of Egypt is a 1998 American animated epic musical drama film and the first traditional animated film produced and released by DreamWorks . The film is an adaptation of the Book of Exodus and follows the life of Moses from being a prince of Egypt to his ultimate destiny to lead the children of Israel out of Egypt . Directed by Brenda Chapman , Steve Hickner , and Simon Wells , the film features songs written by Stephen Schwartz and a score composed by Hans Zimmer . The voice cast consists of Val Kilmer in a dual role , Ralph Fiennes , Michelle Pfeiffer , Sandra Bullock , Jeff Goldblum , Danny Glover , Patrick Stewart , Helen Mirren , Steve Martin , and Martin Short . Jeffrey Katzenberg had frequently suggested an animated adaptation of the 1956 film The Ten Commandments while working for The Walt Disney Company , and he decided to put the idea into production after founding DreamWorks in 1995 . To make this inaugural project , DreamWorks employed artists who had worked for Walt Disney Feature Animation and the recently disbanded Amblimation , totaling a crew of 350 people from 34 different nations . The film has a blend of traditional animation and computer-generated imagery , created using software from Toon Boom Animation and Silicon Graphics . Theatrically released on December 18 , 1998 , and on home video on September 14 , 1999 , reviews were generally positive , with critics praising the animation , music , and voice work . The film went on to gross over $ 218 million worldwide in theaters , which made it the most successful non-Disney animated feature at the time . The film 's success led to the direct-to-video prequel Joseph : King of Dreams ( 2000 ) and the development of a stage adaptation . The song `` When You Believe '' became a commercially successful single in a pop version performed by Whitney Houston and Mariah Carey , and went on to win Best Original Song at the 1999 Academy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2d564bc792adb755d14874abd6899e66", "text": "Sonic Generations Sonic Generations is a platform video game developed by Sonic Team and published by Sega for PlayStation 3 , Xbox 360 and Microsoft Windows . The Nintendo 3DS version of the game was developed by Dimps . The game commemorates the 20th anniversary of the Sonic the Hedgehog series , and was released in North America , Europe and Australia in November 2011 , and in Japan the following month . In 2012 , the game was made available for digital download on the PlayStation Network and Xbox 360 Games on Demand services , as well as on the Nintendo eShop the following year . Sonic Generations follows Sonic and his sidekick Miles `` Tails '' Prower , who team with their past selves as they attempt to restore the space-time continuum after it is torn apart by an entity known as the Time Eater . The game features two gameplay modes : `` Classic '' , which plays from a 2.5 D side-scrolling perspective like that of the original Sega Genesis Sonic games , and `` Modern '' , 3D levels similar to those found in Sonic Unleashed and Sonic Colors . Each location and boss in the game is one previously seen in an earlier entry in the series , with the game including numerous other references to past titles in the series . The console versions of Sonic Generations received positive reviews from critics , who praised its graphics , gameplay , and homages to past Sonic games , although criticism was directed at the game 's short length and occasional framerate issues ; the 3DS version received a more mixed reception . The game was also a commercial success , selling over 1.85 million copies across all platforms by May 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "241c5584bafcb4fa9074b612100161a6", "text": "Tomorrowland (film) Tomorrowland ( subtitled A World Beyond in some regions ) is a 2015 American science-fiction mystery adventure film directed and co-written by Brad Bird . Bird co-wrote the film 's screenplay with Damon Lindelof , from an original story treatment by Bird , Lindelof and Jeff Jensen . The film stars George Clooney , Hugh Laurie , Britt Robertson , Raffey Cassidy , Tim McGraw , Kathryn Hahn and Keegan-Michael Key . In the film , a disillusioned genius inventor and a teenage science enthusiast embark to an ambiguous alternate dimension known as `` Tomorrowland '' where their actions directly affect the world and themselves . Walt Disney Pictures originally announced the film in June 2011 under the working title 1952 , and later retitled it to Tomorrowland , after the futuristic themed land found at Disney theme parks . In drafting their story , Bird and Lindelof took inspiration from the progressive cultural movements of the Space Age , as well as Walt Disney 's optimistic philosophy of the future , notably his conceptual vision for the planned community known as EPCOT . Principal photography began in August 2013 , with footage shot in British Columbia , Alberta , Florida , and Spain with second unit filming in France , California and the Bahamas . Tomorrowland was released in conventional and IMAX formats on May 22 , 2015 , and was the first theatrical film to be released in Dolby Vision and Dolby Cinema . Upon its release , the film received mixed reviews from critics ; earning praise for its original premise , musical score , action , visuals , and themes , but criticism in regards to the screenplay 's uneven writing and tone . The film grossed $ 209 million worldwide against a total production and marketing cost of $ 330 million , losing Disney $ 120 -- 140 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64fe90046d77d40550dff87344aa0ead", "text": "Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs Ice Age : Dawn of the Dinosaurs is a 2009 American computer animated comedy adventure film produced by Blue Sky Studios . It is the third installment in the Ice Age series and the sequel to Ice Age : The Meltdown ( 2006 ) . It was directed by Carlos Saldanha and co-directed by Mike Thurmeier . Ray Romano , John Leguizamo , Denis Leary and Queen Latifah reprise their roles from the first two films , with Simon Pegg joining them in the role of a weasel named Buck . The story has Sid being taken by a female Tyrannosaurus after stealing her eggs , leading the rest of the herd to rescue him in a tropical lost world inhabited by dinosaurs beneath the ice . The film was released on July 1 , 2009 by 20th Century Fox . It was the first Ice Age film and the first 20th Century Fox 's film to be released in 3D . Despite receiving mixed reviews from critics , it ranked at the time as the second-highest-grossing animated film of all time , earning $ 886.7 million worldwide . A sequel , titled Ice Age : Continental Drift , was released in 2012 , and another film , titled Ice Age : Collision Course , was released in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "063d595e784a0b807d56eb51232d2466", "text": "Shark 3D Shark 3D is a 3D software program and engine developed by Spinor for creating and running interactive virtual 3D worlds . It is used for video games , films , animated series , broadcasting graphics , and 3D industry applications . Shark 3D is mainly used for developing video games ( similar to a Game engine ) , producing films and TV series , creating broadcast graphics , and developing 3D applications .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8f20407451dc8c08ab4beaca168e3543", "text": "Kirby's Dream Land 2 Kirby 's Dream Land 2 , known as in Japan , is a platforming video game developed by HAL Laboratory and published by Nintendo for the Game Boy handheld video game console . It was first released in Japan on March 21 , 1995 , and was later released in North America on May 1 , 1995 . It was released in Europe on July 31 , 1995 . Kirby 's Dream Land 2 continues the adventures of Kirby from Kirby 's Dream Land and Kirby 's Adventure , adding three animal friends to aid Kirby in battle . It can be played on the Super Game Boy , and gives slight changes to the game , such as adding a custom color scheme , a special game border , and a few new sound effects . Kirby 's Dream Land 2 was slated to be remade for the Game Boy Color as Kirby 's Dream Land 2 DX , but was cancelled along with Metroid II : Return of Samus DX . The original game was re-released on the 3DS Virtual Console in Japan on February 15 , 2012 , in PAL regions in May 17 , 2012 , and in North America on August 1 , 2013 . Kirby 's Dream Land 2 is also included in the Kirby 20th Anniversary Wii disc Kirby 's Dream Collection .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9cd889f8e62a1e10b30e7415019f4c3", "text": "Hayao Miyazaki is a Japanese film director , producer , screenwriter , animator , author , and manga artist . Through a career that has spanned over five decades , Miyazaki has attained international acclaim as a masterful storyteller and as a maker of anime feature films and , along with Isao Takahata , co-founded Studio Ghibli , a film and animation studio . Born in Bunkyō , Tokyo , Miyazaki began his animation career in 1963 when he joined Toei Animation . From there , Miyazaki worked as an in-between artist for Gulliver 's Travels Beyond the Moon , where he pitched ideas that eventually became the film 's ending . Hayao Miyazaki was also associated with Tokyo Movie Shinsha . He co-directed Lupin III with Isao Takahata , provided the screenplay and key animation for Panda ! Go Panda ! , provided key animation for the first episode of Tokyo Giants , provided the original concept for Jungle Kurobe , provided the director role for Lupin III : Tales of the Wolf , provided key animation for the Ulysses 31 pilot in conjunction with Diffusion Information Communication , provided the director role for The New Adventures of Zorro , provided key animation for the Inspector Gadget pilot , and provided the chief director role for season 1 of Sherlock Hound . He continued to work in various roles in the animation industry with various studios until he directed his first feature film , The Castle of Cagliostro , a Lupin the Third story , released in 1979 . After the success of his next film , Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind ( 1984 ) , he co-founded Studio Ghibli , where he continued to produce many feature films . While Miyazaki 's films have long enjoyed both commercial and critical success in Japan , he remained largely unknown to the West until Miramax Films released Princess Mononoke in 1997 . Princess Mononoke was briefly the highest-grossing film in Japan until it was eclipsed by another 1997 film , Titanic , and it became the first animated film to win Picture of the Year at the Japanese Academy Awards . Miyazaki 's next film , Spirited Away ( 2001 ) , won Picture of the Year at the Japanese Academy Awards , and was the first anime film to win an American Academy Award . Miyazaki 's films often contain recurrent themes , like humanity 's relationship with nature and technology , and the difficulty of maintaining a pacifist ethic . His films ' protagonists are often strong girls or young women . While two of his films , The Castle of Cagliostro and Castle in the Sky , involve traditional villains , his other films like Nausicaä and Princess Mononoke present morally ambiguous antagonists with redeeming qualities . He co-wrote films The Secret World of Arrietty , released in July 2010 in Japan and February 2012 in the United States ; and From Up on Poppy Hill released in July 2011 in Japan and March 2013 in the United States . Miyazaki 's newest film The Wind Rises was released on July 20 , 2013 and screened internationally in February 2014 . The film would go on to earn him his third American Academy Award nomination and first Golden Globe Award nomination . Miyazaki announced on September 1 , 2013 that The Wind Rises would be his final feature-length movie . In November 2014 , Miyazaki was awarded an Honorary Academy Award for his impact on animation and cinema . He is the second Japanese filmmaker to win this award , after Akira Kurosawa in 1990 . In 2002 , American film critic Roger Ebert suggested that Miyazaki may be the best animation filmmaker in history , praising the depth and artistry of his films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "825f10cd66a1d507c801b6f952b1b08f", "text": "F.E.A.R. F.E.A.R. First Encounter Assault Recon is a survival horror first-person shooter video game developed by Monolith Productions and published by Sierra Entertainment . It was released on October 17 , 2005 , for Microsoft Windows , and ported by Day 1 Studios to the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 . Timegate Studios has released two expansion packs , F.E.A.R. Extraction Point in October 2006 , and F.E.A.R. Perseus Mandate in November 2007 . A direct sequel titled F.E.A.R. 2 : Project Origin , was released in February 2009 , and a second sequel , F. 3 . A.R. , was released in June 2011 , though it was developed by Day 1 Studios ( now known as Wargaming Chicago-Baltimore ) , not by Monolith Productions . The game 's story revolves around a supernatural phenomenon , which F.E.A.R. -- a fictional special forces team -- is called to contain . The player assumes the role of F.E.A.R. 's Point Man , who possesses superhuman reflexes , and must uncover the secrets of a paranormal menace in the form of a little girl . F.E.A.R. was well received by critics , scoring 89 % on GameRankings , and The New York Times calling it `` as thrilling and involving as Half-Life . '' A `` Director 's Edition '' DVD version of the game was also released . The DVD included a `` Making of '' documentary , a director 's commentary , a short live-action prequel and the exclusive first episode of the promotional P.A.N.I.C.S. machinima . A related Dark Horse comic book was also packaged with the DVD . Along with the Director 's Edition , F.E.A.R. Gold Edition was released . Gold Edition included the Director 's Edition and Extraction Point . F.E.A.R. Platinum Edition features the original game and two expansion packs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fef0fa53454cb91fbfc801d9d4cad8a2", "text": "Walking with Dinosaurs (video game) Walking with Dinosaurs ( or Wonderbook : Walking with Dinosaurs ) is a 2013 augmented reality video game developed by Supermassive Games in collaboration with the BBC , as part of the resurgence of the Walking with Dinosaurs brand spearheaded by the feature film . It was released in Europe on 13 November 2013 , and in North America on 12 November 2013 , alongside Diggs Nightcrawler and Book of Potions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a7512ebb030fc56583a0f553f03dd4c4", "text": "Enchanted (film) Enchanted is a 2007 American live-action/animated musical fantasy romantic comedy film , produced by Walt Disney Pictures with New York Academy Barry Sonnenfeld and Josephson Entertainment . Written by Bill Kelly and directed by Kevin Lima , the film stars Amy Adams , Patrick Dempsey , James Marsden , Timothy Spall , Idina Menzel , Rachel Covey , and Susan Sarandon . The plot focuses on Giselle , an archetypal Disney Princess , who is forced from her traditional animated world of Andalasia into the live-action world of New York City . Enchanted was the first Disney film to be distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures , instead of Buena Vista Pictures Distribution . The film is both a homage to , and a self-parody of , Disney 's animated features , making numerous references to Disney 's past works through the combination of live-action filmmaking , traditional animation , and computer-generated imagery . It marks the return of traditional animation to a Disney feature film after the company 's decision to move entirely to computer animation in 2004 . Composer Alan Menken and lyricist Stephen Schwartz , who had written songs for previous Disney films , produced the songs of Enchanted , with Menken also composing its score . The animation sequences were produced at James Baxter Animation in Pasadena . Filming of the live action segments took place around New York City . It premiered on October 20 , 2007 , at the London Film Festival before its wide release on November 21 , 2007 , in the United States . Enchanted was well-received critically , established Adams as a leading lady , and earned more than $ 340 million worldwide at the box office . It won three Saturn Awards , including Best Fantasy Film and Best Actress for Adams . Enchanted also received two nominations at the 65th Golden Globe Awards and three Best Original Song nominations at the 80th Academy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56e8ace63f8d1e1bd26f0b94a1750a06", "text": "Alien Adventure Alien Adventure is a science fiction/slapstick comedy 3D film in IMAX format released in 1999 by nWave Pictures , written and directed by Ben Stassen . The movie was rated G ( or the local equivalent ) in most countries . It was the first fully digital feature-length film produced for a large-screen format .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0cbb2a651abea3d66f86aecba51077df", "text": "SANDDE SANDDE is a software and hardware system , developed primarily by IMAX Corporation , designed to create hand-drawn , stereoscopic 3D animation content . SANDDE is an acronym for `` Stereoscopic ANimation Drawing DEvice '' and is a play on the Japanese term for `` 3D '' , which is pronounced `` San-D '' . The concept of SANDDE is to enable artists to draw and animate in three-dimensional space . It is intended to be intuitively usable , like a pencil . As an art form , SANDDE incorporates aspects of drawing , painting , sculpture and puppetry . Unlike most other 3D computer graphic animation tools , SANDDE does not require the construction of mathematically defined models . The main input device is a `` wand '' which allows the user to create drawings in the air . Animators sit in virtual stereoscopic theaters and , using a specialized `` wand , '' draw in space to create individual frames and then animate their creations using the interactive capabilities of the wand to create shots , sequences , and complete movies . SANDDE was originally developed by IMAX in the mid-1990s , and was used to create one IMAX short ( Paint Misbehavin -LSB- 1997 -RSB- ) and portions of two other IMAX feature films : Mark Twain 3D ( 1999 ) and Cyberworld ( 2000 ) . Thereafter , IMAX stopped active development of the system but provided licenses for use and future development to the National Film Board of Canada for artistic experimentation and to Janro Imaging Laboratory to explore commercial use of the application . The former has used SANDDE in numerous stereoscopic productions including Falling in Love Again '' , Moonman , June , The Wobble Incident , Subconscious Password , and Minotaur , while the latter has licensed SANDDE for Ultimate Wave 3D and Legends of Flight , both produced by the Stephen Low Company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe208119f0d0dc4dd426596ea18cba66", "text": "How to Train Your Dragon 2 How to Train Your Dragon 2 is a 2014 American 3D computer-animated fantasy action film produced by DreamWorks Animation and distributed by 20th Century Fox , loosely based on the British book series of the same name by Cressida Cowell . It is the sequel to the 2010 computer-animated film How to Train Your Dragon and the second in the trilogy . The film is written and directed by Dean DeBlois , and stars the voices of Jay Baruchel , Gerard Butler , Craig Ferguson , America Ferrera , Jonah Hill , Christopher Mintz-Plasse , T.J. Miller , and Kristen Wiig , with the addition of Cate Blanchett , Djimon Hounsou , and Kit Harington . The film takes place five years after the first film , featuring Hiccup and his friends as young adults as they meet Valka , Hiccup 's long-lost mother , and Drago Bludvist , a madman who wants to conquer the world . DeBlois , who co-directed the first film , agreed to return to direct the second film on the condition that he would be allowed to turn it into a trilogy . He cited The Empire Strikes Back and My Neighbor Totoro as his main inspirations , with the expanded scope of the The Empire Strikes Back being particularly influential . The entire voice cast from the first film returned , and Cate Blanchett and Djimon Hounsou signed on to voice Valka and Drago , respectively . DeBlois and his creative team visited Norway and Svalbard to give them ideas for the setting . Composer John Powell returned to score the film . How to Train Your Dragon 2 benefited from advances in animation technology and was DreamWorks ' first film to use scalable multicore processing and the studio 's new animation and lighting software . The film was released on June 13 , 2014 , and like its predecessor , received wide acclaim . Critics praised the film for its animation , voice acting , action scenes , musical score , emotional depth , and darker , more serious tone compared to its predecessor . It received the Golden Globe Award for Best Animated Feature Film and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Animated Feature . The film won six Annie Awards , including Best Animated Feature and Best Director . The film grossed over $ 621 million worldwide , making it the 12th highest-grossing film of 2014 . It earned less than its predecessor at the US box office , but performed better internationally . A third installment in the trilogy , How to Train Your Dragon 3 , is scheduled to be released on March 1 , 2019 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "262aa22ba63a1cb8d44fdee0644375e4", "text": "Man vs. Beast Man vs. Beast is a series of sensationalistic television specials aired in the United States by the Fox television network . The shows were produced by Brian Richardson and directed by Bob Levy . They involve a variety of challenges in which people and animals compete against each other . Although the initial special , Man vs. Beast , was heavily panned by critics and animal rights groups , Fox commissioned a sequel , Man vs. Beast 2 , which aired on February 20 , 2004 . In 2003 , ITV commissioned Granada Productions to re-create the American special for British audiences . A six-part series was filmed , hosted by John Fashanu . However , owing to heavy lobbying by animal rights groups , transmission of the series was postponed indefinitely .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "25432683ab4bd46820b97a0974d3a67e", "text": "Asterix and Obelix: God Save Britannia Asterix and Obelix : God Save Britannia ( Astérix & Obélix : Au service de Sa Majesté translated as Asterix & Obelix : In The Service of Her Majesty ) , directed by Laurent Tirard , is the fourth film adaptation of the adventures of Astérix after Asterix & Obelix vs Caesar ( 1999 ) , Asterix & Obelix : Mission Cleopatra ( 2002 ) , and Asterix at the Olympic Games ( 2008 ) . The film is adapted into 3D and had its World Premiere in September 2012 . It is a live-action film from Fidélité Films and is based on Asterix in Britain ( 1965 ) and Asterix and the Normans ( 1966 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5f4c32797741a74c1b25fa6d76b95ed", "text": "Toy Story (franchise) Toy Story is a computer animated film series and Disney media franchise that began with the original 1995 film , Toy Story , produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures . The franchise is based on the anthropomorphic concept that all toys , unknown to humans , are secretly alive , and the films focus on a diverse group of toys that feature a classic cowboy , Sheriff Woody , and modern spaceman , Buzz Lightyear . The group unexpectedly embark on adventures that challenge and change them . The first two films of the franchise were directed by John Lasseter , and the third by Lee Unkrich , who acted as the co-director of the second film ( together with Lasseter and Ash Brannon ) . Lasseter will return to direct the upcoming fourth film . All three films , produced on a total budget of $ 320 million , have grossed more than $ 1.9 billion worldwide . Each film set box office records , with the third included in the top 15 all time worldwide films . Critics have given all three films extremely positive reviews . Special Blu-ray and DVD editions of Toy Story and Toy Story 2 were released on March 23 , 2010 . They were also re-released in theaters as a Disney Digital 3-D `` double feature '' for at least two weeks in October 2009 . The series is the 24th highest-grossing franchise worldwide , the fifth highest-grossing animated franchise ( behind Shrek , Ice Age , Despicable Me and Madagascar ) , and is among the most critically acclaimed trilogies of all time . On November 1 , 2011 , all three Toy Story films were released in Disney Blu-ray 3D as a trilogy pack and as individual films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e746db7cdfa5db546837b2c059febe1b", "text": "Dragon Blade (film) Dragon Blade is a 2015 Chinese-Hong Kong historical action film written and directed by Daniel Lee and starring Jackie Chan . In the film , Chan plays Huo An , the commander of the Protection Squad of the Western Regions during the Han Dynasty . Dragon Blade was released in IMAX 3D on 19 February 2015 , the first day of the Chinese New Year holiday period . The film was released in the United States on 4 September 2015 by Lionsgate Premiere .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "50a460dd4b191c74503b0eae967cc6a7", "text": "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (film) Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix is a 2007 British-American fantasy film directed by David Yates and distributed by Warner Bros. . Pictures . It is based on the novel of the same name by J. K. Rowling . The film , which is the fifth instalment in the Harry Potter film series , was written by Michael Goldenberg ( making this the only film in the series not to be scripted by Steve Kloves ) and produced by David Heyman and David Barron . The story follows Harry Potter 's fifth year at Hogwarts as the Ministry of Magic is in denial of Lord Voldemort 's return . The film stars Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter , alongside Rupert Grint and Emma Watson as Harry 's best friends Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger . It is the sequel to Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire and is followed by Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince . Live-action filming took place in England and Scotland for exterior locations and Leavesden Film Studios in Watford for interior locations from February to November 2006 , with a one-month break in June . Post-production on the film continued for several months afterwards to add in visual effects . The film 's budget was reportedly between # 75 and 100 million ( $ 150 -- 200 million ) . Warner Bros. released the film in the United Kingdom on 12 July 2007 and in North America on 11 July , both in conventional and IMAX theatres ; it is the first Potter film to be released in IMAX 3D . As of April 2017 , Order of the Phoenix is the 39th-highest-grossing film of all time , and a critical and commercial success . The film opened to a worldwide 5-day opening of $ 333 million , fourteenth all-time , and grossed nearly $ 940 million total , second to Pirates of the Caribbean : At World 's End for the greatest total of 2007 . The film was nominated for two BAFTA Film Awards in 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "29aa14bee0c8fbc436f762022f1fa8d9", "text": "Fantastic Four Adventures Fantastic Four Adventures is part of Marvel UK 's ` Collector 's Edition ' line . It is being published by Panini Comics but reprints Marvel Comics from the United States . It began in 2005 around the release of the Fantastic Four film and follows the format established by the Collector 's Edition Range . Fantastic Four Adventures is sold once every 28 days through newsagents , although a subscription offer is available . Fantastic Four Adventures retailed at # 2.40 upon its release , but rising in printing costs have seen the price rise to # 2.50 and then onto the current price of # 2.95 . It was announced at the end of 2011 that Fantastic Four Adventures would cease publication with its final issue in March 2012 , only to be replaced by a new CE , Incredible Hulks .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "39733add192123641eacb5118bd891ad", "text": "Kris Wu Wu Yifan ( , pronounced -LSB- - cmnu2-i4fan4 -RSB- , ; born November 6 , 1990 ) , professionally known as Kris Wu or Kris , is a Chinese-born Canadian actor , singer , and model . He is active as a solo artist and actor in China and has starred in several # 1 box office hits including Mr. Six and Journey to the West : The Demons Strike Back , which are among the highest-grossing Chinese films of all time in China . He made his Hollywood debut in xXx : Return of Xander Cage ( 2017 ) .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "507ec5bcb8730165eaa118d939ecf214", "text": "Banda Calypso pelo Brasil Pelo Brasil ( At Brazil in English ) '' it is the ninth album and third DVD of Banda Calypso , launched in September 2006 . The band invests a large project for a tour in 5 capital and each make a passage to a CD / DVD . The chosen capital were Brasília , Recife , Salvador , Rio de Janeiro and Belém . In each project the show would be recorded a show piece with a musical block chosen for each city and after being closed block continue with the show for the audience .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6aa79c6486824de1a6d9e3f38a758c55", "text": "Toquinho Antônio Pecci Filho ( born July 6 , 1946 ) , better known as Toquinho ( -LSB- toˈkĩɲu -RSB- ) , is a Brazilian singer and guitarist . He is well known for his collaborations , as composer and performer , with Vinicius de Moraes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1bafc859d821e860624e0dc4e1e03fa8", "text": "Nando Reis Nando Reis ( -LSB- ˈnɐ̃du ˈʁejs -RSB- , born José Fernando Gomes dos Reis ; January 12 , 1963 ) is a Brazilian musician and producer , best known as the former bassist and one of the lead singers of Brazilian rock band Titãs and for his successful solo career , with his own band called Os Infernais . He has also produced a few albums , including some related to Cássia Eller , who has made several significant partnerships with him , and Marisa Monte . In 2012 , Nando Reis was listed among the top ten Brazilian artists at the ECAD list of artists who earned the most from copyright in the first semester of that year . In 2016 , he was at the 15th position , besides being 6th in the ranking of earnings from live performances and topped the ranking of earnings from music played in public places .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8ca31d077ffb73f64a9edbae9d4204b", "text": "Sophie Charlotte (actress) Sophie Charlotte ( born April 29 , 1989 ) is a German Brazilian actress and ballerina .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a455496ad68f1f51ed504a6f8219a916", "text": "KLB (2000 album) KLB , launched in 2000 , is the first studio album by pop trio KLB , is best known as KLB ( 2000 ) and is one of the most successful albums of the band by the number of copies sold and hit singles on the radio . It was produced by composer Piska , also responsible for most of the compositions on the disc . In this album has the first four of the main successes of KLB , which are : `` A dor desse amor '' , `` Ela Não Está Aqui '' , `` Estou em suas mãos '' and `` Por que tem que ser assim ? '' . KLB ( 2000 ) was the second best selling album in Brazil in 2000 , KLB ( 2000 ) marks achieved gold record , platinum , double platinum , triple platinum disc and then diamond disc for selling more than 1 million copies . Their ranges of success are `` A dor desse amor '' , `` Estou em suas mãos '' , `` Por que tem que ser assim ? '' and `` Ainda Vou Te Encontrar '' ( composed by Kiko , in honor of a girlfriend who died in a car accident )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03443e5b57ca86b7ab7cf15db16b4161", "text": "Sex (Cheat Codes and Kris Kross Amsterdam song) `` Sex '' is a song by American DJ trio Cheat Codes and Dutch DJ trio Kris Kross Amsterdam . The song was released by Spinnin ' Records on February 19 , 2016 , and has since achieved international success .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "856ff4166c3dceb3405e6bb01ebcd005", "text": "Eneida Marta Eneida Marta is a singer from Guinea-Bissau who sings in Portuguese and Guinea-Bissau Creole . Three of her albums have been released since 2001 -- Nô Stória ( 2001 ) , Amari ( 2002 ) , and Lôpe Kaï ( 2006 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d256fc92ec7e45267871b412a0477cb7", "text": "Kriswontwo Kriswontwo is a Danish producer from Copenhagen . Georgia Anne Muldrow said the following about the Scandinavian producer : `` Kriswontwo is gifted with the ability to trust and fully follow through on his instinct ; He polishes up his work with great attention to detail but he does n't sacrifice the rawness of his original idea . It takes a whole lot of talent and discipline to be able to make that initial kneejerk reaction the centerpiece of such an elegant sound . '' In 2016 a youtube video surfaced showing Yasiin Bey ( fka . Mos Def ) working on lyrics to a beat by Kriswontwo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0f46d796a44b0322fbd7232e95179e7", "text": "Iara Dias dos Santos Iara Dias dos Santos ( born 11 September 1983 ) is a Brazilian singer and songwriter . She moved to Finland in 2014 to start a professional career in the music industry . She was selected to take part on The Voice of Finland in 2017 ( 6th Season ) . In her blind audition , she sang Corinne Bailey Rae 's song `` Put Your Records On '' and two coaches turned the chair for her . Anna Puu and Olli Lindholm . She chose to take part on Anna 's team .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "75fd0197be3b9402635d2dbe703bacb9", "text": "Funk ostentação Funk ostentação ( from Portuguese : Ostentation , or `` swag '' , funk ) is a Brazilian music style created in São Paulo in 2008 . The central theme addressed in the songs is conspicuous consumption , and many funk ostentação artists sing about cars , motorcycles , drink , women , and ambitions to leave the favela and achieve life goals . While the dominant lyrical themes of the Rio de Janeiro scene at the time were criminality and lack of social justice , the first funk ostentação song , `` Bonde da Juju '' , recorded by MCs Backdi and Bio G3 in September 2008 , established the new genre 's opposing theme of ostentation . Several funk ostentação festivals were subsequently held in the state of São Paulo , and the movement began to grow . Its national debut came with the launch of the video for `` Megane '' by MC Boy do Charmes in mid-2011 . As it became clear that funk ostentação would be best represented in audiovisual format , the cinematographer KondZilla became the first to produce videos , which were received enthusiastically by fans . Of the ten most watched music videos in Brazil in both 2012 and 2013 , three were funk ostentação . It was established as one of the most popular genres in Brazil with the tragic death of Daniel Pellegrine a.k.a MC Daleste , who was shot on stage in Campinas in July 2013 . He had been one of the principal proponents of the genre at the time of his death , and its extensive media coverage included widely televised tributes by other funk artists . Funk ostentação became strongly associated with the emerging nova classe média ( new middle class ) in Brazil , whose financial status was improving along with that of principal funk ostentação artists like MC Guimê , MC Lon , MC Gui e MC Pocahontas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e089bb44497b5bc4fc24384c916d2473", "text": "Da Lou Louise Cristine Machado ( Rio de Janeiro , September 16 , 1983 ) is a singer and songwriter of Brazilian Pop rock . Former participant of Joinville Dance Festival and Choral Univille , selected with the Collective XYZ group for Collective Artists 40th , monitors the Bienal de Porto Alegre and art teacher . Louise Cristine Machado has done a bit of everything to show how multi-talented , but his true calling is the same in music . Adept of the guitar since the age of 17 , he recorded his first single `` A Noite '' in partnership with producer Rick Bonadio .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "26a3ff2c072da42f3391e0e69dd20810", "text": "Saint Lu Luise Gruber ( born 27 June 1982 in Wels , Austria ) , better known by her stage name Saint Lu is an Austrian singer and songwriter . She currently lives and works in Berlin , Germany .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef6a324e3aefa76000f779ba1911206e", "text": "James Wright (singer) James Wright is a Filipino-Australian singer currently signed with GMA Records . He gained fame after joining GMA Network 's reality-talent competition Anak Ko ` Yan on 2013 . Wright received critical acclaim after releasing his self-titled debut album and is known his songs `` Sana ' y Ikaw '' and `` Kung Hindi Ikaw '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5482d2fa3d513c900fd5671fcd48094b", "text": "Paula Fernandes Paula Fernandes de Souza ( -LSB- ˈpawlɐ feʁˈnɐ̃dʒis -RSB- ; born August 28 , 1982 in Sete Lagoas , Minas Gerais ) is a Brazilian singer , songwriter and arranger . In a poll organized among readers of VIP magazine in 2011 , she was named the 16th `` sexiest woman in the world . '' That same year , she was one of the most accessed on Google Brazil .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8bdc2422283dbee1efca9cd34c314fcb", "text": "São Luís, Maranhão São Luís ( -LSB- sɐ̃w luˈis -RSB- , Saint Louis ) is the capital and largest city of the Brazilian state of Maranhão . The city is located on Ilha de São Luís ( Saint Louis ' Island ) in the Baía de São Marcos ( Saint Mark 's Bay ) , an extension of the Atlantic Ocean which forms the estuary of Pindaré , Mearim , Itapecuru and other rivers . Its coordinates are 2.53 ° south , 44.30 ° west . The city proper has a population of some 986,826 people ( 2008 IBGE estimate ) . The metropolitan area totals 1,227,659 , ranked as the 16th largest in Brazil . São Luís , created originally as Saint-Louis-de-Maragnan , is the only Brazilian state capital founded by France ( see France Équinoxiale ) and it is one of the three Brazilian state capitals located on islands ( the others are Vitória and Florianópolis ) . The city has two major sea ports : Madeira Port and Itaqui Port , through which a substantial part of Brazil 's iron ore , originating from the ( pre ) - Amazon region , is exported . The city 's main industries are metallurgical with Alumar , and VALE . São Luís is home of the Federal University of Maranhão . São Luís was the home town of famous Brazilian samba singer Alcione , Brazilian writers Aluísio Azevedo , Ferreira Gullar and Josué Montello , Belgian-naturalised soccer player Luís Oliveira , and the musician João do Vale and Zeca Baleiro , a Música popular brasileira ( MPB ) singer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dad2a87d096c1b69576973749d277fcb", "text": "Luiz de Carvalho Luiz de Carvalho ( 16 May 1925 -- 17 November 2015 ) was a Brazilian Christian singer . Luiz de Carvalho was born in 1925 , the son of Augusto José de Carvalho and his wife , Ema . He was youngest of 12 siblings . He was President of Youth Union of the Baptist Church in the city of Tupa , São Paulo in the 1940s . De Carvalho introduced the guitar in worship in the mid-1950s . He was the second gospel singer to record an album in Brazil .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d1183539600eb882b25ccab6ac4cb8bc", "text": "The Brazilian `` The Brazilian '' is an instrumental piece by the English band Genesis that concludes their 1986 album Invisible Touch . The song features experimental sounds and effects . The band wrote two instrumental pieces for the album , this and `` Do The Neurotic '' . The tune was featured in the animated movie When the Wind Blows , which was scored by Roger Waters . It was also used in an episode of Magnum , P.I. called `` Unfinished Business '' . The track was also used extensively by the BBC in their TV coverage of the 1987 World Athletics Championships .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "20198e3af603e77276bbe7546a5cdec2", "text": "Skank (album) Skank is the self-titled debut album by Brazilian rock band Skank . Released independently in 1992 with 3,000 copies , the album sold 1,200 in 45 days and drew the attention of Sony BMG , who re-released the album on its new Chaos label . The album sold approximately 250,000 copies . Skank had the hits `` Tanto '' ( a Portuguese-language version of Bob Dylan 's `` I Want You '' ) , `` O Homem Que Sabia Demais '' , and `` In ( dig ) nação '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d7617dc9ab591edab2f39a108e933547", "text": "Conrado Dess Conrado Dess ( born August 3 , 1991 in São Paulo , Brazil ) is a Brazilian singer , songwriter , record producer , actor and theater director . Dess got his start in his hometown , where he sang gospel songs in church throughout his childhood . At age 14 , he started taking singing lessons to refine his singing voice . He spent the next few years maintaining a MySpace profile where he uploaded various self-written tracks . His song Glamorous California was uploaded on MySpace in 2009 and became an internet hit . In January 2011 Glamorous California was re-released as a digital single through Island Def Jam Digital Distribution . Dess 's second single , We Live 4 Those Moments , was released on Myspace in February 2011 . Throughout the year of 2011 Dess released two more independent singles : All Think I of Is You and his first song in Portuguese , O Que Te Faz Viver . Conrado is currently studying drama at Escola de Comunicações e Artes da Universidade de São Paulo in São Paulo and directs art group Performatron .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5b145973c9b2bd78b1ca7daec26bf50", "text": "Marco Matias (musician) Marco Matias is the son of Portuguese immigrants who came to Germany in the 1970s . At the age of ten , he had his first experiences on stage when he was performing for a game circus , a project that arose in co-operation with Caritas and endeavored to inspire children for creativity . He himself got a lot of ideas out of this project . Shortly afterward , he founded a duet with his brother Jorge and they had a lot of success presenting their songs -- pop , rock and South American titles -- at various private events . The first band he joined when he was fifteen was called ` Lua Cheia ' . He gained his first studio experiences with his school band ` The Basement Kids ' during the production of his first CD ` Cry For Peace ' . He then passed his higher school certificate examination and began his studies at the University of Cologne . But he never gave up his music ; he worked as a backing vocalist , participated in jam sessions and had many other musical activities . At that time , he got in contact with the Cologne A cappella ensemble ` Voice Sings ' with whom he toured a lot . In 2000 , Marco and his band ` Atlanticos ' participated in a ` international Festival For Young People Of The Portuguese Communities 2000 ' . The festival was broadcast live to the Portuguese speaking territories all over the world . Portuguese people living in Australia , Macao , Brazil and other territories watched his performance and Marco and his band received a tremendous reaction from the televoters and made third place . They produced an album in Portuguese , and were doing a lot of TV-Shows and radio performances in the following years 2001 and 2002 . In 2003 , he was invited to a casting called ` The German Voice 2003 ' . He was elected from among 12,000 candidates and entered the final with nine other competitors . In that final he became second . ` A Miracle Of Love ' is the title of the song written by Ralph Siegel that Marco performed , together with Nicole Süßmilch , during the German pre-selection for the Eurovision Song Contest 2005 and they again made a very good second place . In 2006 , Marco competed in the Eurovision Song Contest 2006 as a part of the group six4one , representing Switzerland , with the song , `` If We All Give A Little '' .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "2391db1b7c71e263bde485cbadfbd910", "text": "President of Russia The President of the Russian Federation ( -LSB- Президент Российской Федерации , r = Prezident Rossiiskoi Federatsii -RSB- ) is the elected head of state , Supreme Commander-in-Chief and holder of the highest office within the Russian Federation . The current President of Russia is Vladimir Putin . In 1991 , the office was briefly known as the President of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic until 25 December 1991 . According to the 1978 Russian Constitution , the President of Russia was head of the executive branch and headed the Council of Ministers of Russia . According to the current 1993 Constitution of Russia , the President of Russia is not a part of the Government of Russia , which exercises executive power . In all cases where the President of the Russian Federation is unable to fulfill his duties , they shall be temporarily delegated to the Prime Minister , who becomes Acting President of Russia . The Chairman of the Federation Council is the third important position after the President and the Prime Minister . In the case of incapacity of both the President and Prime Minister , the chairman of the upper house of parliament becomes acting head of state . The power includes execution of federal law , alongside the responsibility of appointing federal ministers , diplomatic , regulatory and judicial officers , and concluding treaties with foreign powers with the advice and consent of the State Duma and the Federation Council . The president is further empowered to grant federal pardons and reprieves , and to convene and adjourn the Federal Assembly under extraordinary circumstances . The president also directs the foreign and domestic policy of the Russian Federation . The president is elected directly through a popular vote to a six-year term . The law prohibits anyone from ever being elected to the presidency for a third consecutive term . In all , 3 individuals have served 4 presidencies spanning 6 full terms . On May 7 , 2012 , Vladimir Putin became the 4th and current president .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "6e50f363da46b27bb473972a94185b4d", "text": "Government of Russia The Government of the Russia ( exercises executive power in the Russian Federation . The members of the government are the Prime Minister , the deputy prime ministers , and the federal ministers . It has its legal basis in the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the federal constitutional law `` On the Government the Russian Federation '' . According to the 1991 amendment to the 1978 Russian Constitution , the President of Russia was the head of the executive branch and headed the Council of Ministers of Russia . According to the current 1993 Constitution of Russia , the President is not a part of the Government of Russia , which exercises executive power . But , the President does appoint the Prime Minister . The Chapter 6 of the Constitution of Russia says , that `` The Government of the Russian Federation consists of the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation ( Prime Minister ) , Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation and federal ministries '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c1ff2ba03f952e7fdcb4e05d32ee7fa8", "text": "Prosecutor General of Russia The Prosecutor General of Russia ( also Attorney General of Russia , Генеральный Прокурор Российской Федерации ) heads the system of official prosecution in courts known and heads the Office of the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation . The Prosecutor General remains the most powerful component of the Russian judicial system .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "385fffaec4428d5097a9bb2e40a4f73c", "text": "Governor (Russia) The highest official of the subject of the Russian Federation or the holder of the highest office of subject of the Russian Federation or the head of the highest executive body of state power of the subject of the Russian Federation , colloquially and collectively referred to as the title governor ( губернатор - gubernator ) or head of region ( глава региона - glava regiona ) , is the head and the chief executive of each the federal subjects of Russia , not directly subordinate to the federal authorities , but the political and ceremonial head of the federal subject , all of which are equal constituent entities of Russia . The office is defined by the Constitution of Russia and Chapters 1 , 3 and 4 of Russia 's Federal Law No. 184-FZ `` On the General Principles of the Organization Of the Legislative ( Representative ) and Executive Organs Of State Power of the Subjects of the Russian Federation '' which came into force in 1999 . According to the current revision of the Russian Constitution , the Russian Federation consists of 85 federal subjects therefore there are 85 offices of head of region in Russia ( see List of current heads of federal subjects of Russia ) . The certain title of office is defined by the federal subject 's Constitution or Charter . The names include : governor , president ( президент - president ) , head of administration ( глава администрации - glava administratsii ) , head of republic ( глава республики - glava respubliki ) , mayor ( мэр - mer ) , non-officially and collectively referred to as governors for short . The official title governor is most used in Russia and traditionally it is used in Oblasts of Russia . Presidents of Russia 's republics , mayor of Moscow and mayor of St. Petersburg are also governors in this sense . A head of the subject in Russia is said to serve a administration or executive office , colloquially referred to as gubernatorial administration .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28c7e3d0786e02ea5dff8ba3ba86e36f", "text": "Impeachment in Ukraine Impeachment in Ukraine is an expressed power of the legislature that allows for formal charges against the President . Article 111 of the Ukrainian Constitution states that `` The President of Ukraine may be removed from office ... by the majority of the constitutional composition of the ... Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine by the procedure of impeachment , in the event that he or she commits state treason or other crime . '' Impeachment can also occur for People 's Deputies of Ukraine .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "862d387ce8d852252a794641c818a309", "text": "Federal Archival Agency (Russia) Federal Archival Agency of Russia ( Федеральное архивное агентство России Rosarchiv ) is the federal executive body , held by the President of Russia which is responsible for providing public services , management of federal property in the field of archives .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a4a26f87094172c7e3ab426ae3ae8f6", "text": "Ethnic Russians in post-Soviet states After the dissolution of the Soviet Union ( USSR ) in December 1991 , about 25 million ethnic Russians in post-Soviet states found themselves living outside the Russian Federation . All former Soviet citizens had a time window within which they could transfer their former Soviet citizenship to Russian citizenship . Where they did not exercise that choice , their resulting citizenship status outside Russia varied by state : from no perceivable change in status - as in Belarus - to becoming permanently resident `` non-citizens '' - as in Estonia and Latvia , which restricted citizenship to their pre-World War II citizens and their offspring ( regardless of ethnic group ) upon restoration of their independence in continuity with their sovereign identities prior to June 1940 . However , most people in practice found the `` time window '' concept not feasible , as the citizenship issue linked closely to the issue of owning property owned by the state before privatization . For many people , a change of citizenship would actually mean relocating and leaving behind everything - or most of what they had previously owned or been able to access . the largest ethnic Russian diaspora populations outside Russia live in the United States and in the `` near abroad '' countries . The populations involved include those in : Ukraine ( about 8 million ) , Kazakhstan ( about 3.8 million ) , the United States ( about 3 million ) , Belarus ( about 780,000 ) , Uzbekistan ( about 650,000 ) Kyrgyzstan ( about 360,000 ) and Latvia ( about 556,422 ) . In June 2006 Russian President Vladimir Putin announced a plan to introduce national policy aiming at encouraging ethnic Russian immigration to Russia . Does not include Abkhazia ( 2011 census : 22,077 Russians or 9.1 % of the population ) or South Ossetia ( 2007 estimate : 2,100 Russians or 3.0 % of the population ) . In Turkmenistan , there were estimated to be at most 150,000 ethnic Russians as of 2007 , or under 2 % of the population . In Uzbekistan the same year , the Russian population stood at some 800,000 people or under 4 % of the country .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7bdc7ddb88517753a2f0d80eb42ad634", "text": "Awards of the Ministry for Emergency Situations of Russia Known internationally as `` EMERCOM '' , Russia 's Ministry for Civil Defence , Emergency Situations and Disaster Relief is composed of both military and civilian personnel . It encompasses land , naval and air assets , the State Fire Service , rescue teams and its own academies . This article is dedicated to the award system of this ministry of the Russian Federation . EMERCOM awards are subordinate to state awards . All awards herein were approved by orders of the Minister of Emergency Situations , these order numbers and inception dates are included as quick references to facilitate any further research .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e912bbf7e03bfba4bbeb4aa3ca56e34", "text": "Mikhail Fradkov's First Cabinet Mikhail Fradkov 's First Cabinet ( March - May 2004 ) was a cabinet of the government of the Russian Federation during the presidential election of 2004 , preceded by the cabinet of Mikhail Kasyanov , who had been dismissed by President Vladimir Putin on February 24 , 2004 , and followed by Mikhail Fradkov 's Second Cabinet immediately after Vladimir Putin 's second inauguration . It was led by Prime Minister Mikhail Fradkov , proposed by President Vladimir Putin for the approval by the State Duma on March 1 , 2004 . On March 5 Fradkov was approved by the State Duma and appointed Prime Minister by the President . Other 16 ministers of the cabinet were appointed by presidential decrees on March 9 . Seven of the ministers occupied the same positions in Mikhail Kasyanov 's Government : Yury Chaika , Alexey Gordeyev , German Gref , Sergei Ivanov , Viktor Khristenko , Alexey Kudrin , and Sergei Shoigu . The cabinet underwent no reshuffles and resigned on May 7 . It was a temporary cabinet , as Russian legislation stipulates that a new government has to be formed in the beginning of a new presidential term , so the ministers remained acting and were reappointed with minor changes as Mikhail Fradkov 's Second Cabinet few days later .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3cfb01d8aae9e75319adebbfda534fb5", "text": "Sino-Russian relations since 1991 Diplomatic relations between the People 's Republic of China and the Russian Federation dramatically improved after the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the establishment of the Russian Federation in 1991 . American scholar Joseph Nye argues : With the collapse of the Soviet Union , that de facto US-China alliance ended , and a China-Russia rapprochement began . In 1992 , the two countries declared that they were pursuing a `` constructive partnership '' ; in 1996 , they progressed toward a `` strategic partnership '' ; and in 2001 , they signed a treaty of `` friendship and cooperation . '' The two countries share a long land border which was demarcated in 1991 , and they signed a Treaty of Good-Neighborliness and Friendly Cooperation in 2001 . On the eve of a 2013 state visit to Moscow by Chinese President Xi Jinping , Russian President Vladimir Putin remarked that the two nations were forging a special relationship .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e9f161b0b04549ca19501d067a43daea", "text": "Treaty of Stolbovo The Treaty of Stolbovo is a peace treaty of 1617 that ended the Ingrian War , fought between Sweden and Russia . After nearly two months of negotiations , representatives from Sweden and Russia met at the ( now derelict ) village of Stolbova , south of Lake Ladoga , on . From the outset , Sweden had gone into the negotiations with very high ambitions , with the hopes of fulfilling the old dream of making all Russian trade pass through Swedish territory . As a consequence of this ambition , the Swedes originally demanded far-reaching territorial gains into western Russia , including the important northern port of Arkhangelsk . At this point , however , James I of England sent a delegation to mediate , and so did the Dutch , mostly to make sure Arkhangelsk did not fall into Swedish hands , which would have made the extensive trade between Western Europe and Russia far more difficult . Arkhangelsk did not change hands in the resulting treaty , partly because of the Dutch and English efforts , but mostly because Russia finally managed to unite under one tsar , Michael Romanov . As word reached Russia that the Swedish war against Poland might soon be over , the Russians were quick to get negotiations going for real -- knowing that they could not afford Sweden 's renewal of the war effort on just one front . In the resulting peace treaty , the tsar and the Swedish King Gustavus Adolphus agreed to the following terms : Sweden gained the province and fortress of Kexholm ( Käkisalmi ) ( now Priozersk ) , south-west Karelia and the province of Ingria -- including the fortress of Nöteborg , known as `` the key to Finland '' ( now Shlisselburg , Russia ) Members of the upper classes in these conquered areas were allowed to migrate within 14 days , if they wished to , a right not granted to regular priests and farmers Russia renounced all claims to Estonia and Livonia Russia would pay Sweden war indemnities of 20,000 rubles Novgorod and other Swedish territorial gains during the war would be returned to Russia Sweden had the right to keep all spoils of war collected before 20 November 1616 The Russian city of Gdov was to remain in Swedish hands until the peace had been confirmed and the borders fully established Sweden recognized Michael Romanov as the rightful tsar of Russia , putting an end to further Swedish claims in Russia Russia was allowed free trade at normal trade tariffs , making sure Sweden could not cripple Russia completely Russia was allowed to establish merchant houses in Stockholm , Reval ( Tallinn ) and Viborg in exchange for Sweden being allowed to establish merchant houses in Novgorod , Pskov , and Moscow . Gustavus Adolphus is known to have said about this treaty , which granted Sweden natural borders to Russia , partly in the form of Lake Ladoga and Lake Peipus : `` jag hoppas att det skall bliva svårt för ryssen att hoppa över den bäcken '' -- `` I hope it will be hard for the Russians to jump across that creek '' . England is officially credited with brokering this peace , through their mediator John Mericke , though the Dutch efforts were also of great importance . After the war , the leader of the Dutch delegation , Reinoud van Brederode , was granted the title Baron and given the barony of Wesenberg ( Rakvere ) in Estonia by Gustavus Adolphus .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93da3155db479950a3256940331feb7a", "text": "Powers of the President of the United States The President of the United States has numerous powers , including those explicitly granted by Article II of the United States Constitution . The Constitution explicitly assigned the president the power to sign or veto legislation , command the armed forces , ask for the written opinion of their Cabinet , convene or adjourn Congress , grant reprieves and pardons , and receive ambassadors . The president may make treaties which need to be ratified by two-thirds of the Senate . The president may also appoint Article III judges and some officers with the advice and consent of the U.S. Senate . In the condition of a Senate recess , the president may make a temporary appointment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7de64b34dc9120bd8cfd5587ae2e8906", "text": "Governor of Vermont The Governor of the U.S. state of Vermont is the head of the government of the state . The governor is elected in even-numbered years by direct voting for a term of two years . Vermont and bordering New Hampshire are now the only states to hold gubernatorial elections every two years , instead of every four as in the other 48 states . There is no limit on the number of terms a governor can serve . If no candidate receives at least 50 percent plus one vote of all votes for governor cast in the election , the governor is then elected by the state legislature . The incumbent governor is Phil Scott . He was sworn in on Thursday January 5 , 2017 , becoming Vermont 's 82nd Governor . The governor 's working offices are located in The Pavilion in the state capital of Montpelier , Vermont . The governor 's ceremonial office , used during the legislative session of the General Assembly , is located in the Vermont State House , also in Montpelier . The Constitution of Vermont details the powers of the governor : To commission or appoint all officers ( `` except where provision is , or shall be , otherwise made by law or this Frame of Government '' ) To fill all vacancies in office until the office can be filled in the manner directed by state constitution or by state law To correspond with other States To `` transact business with officers of government , civil and military '' To `` prepare such business as may appear necessary , to lay before the General Assembly . To grant pardons and remit fines , except for cases of treason , in which the Governor may only grant reprieves until the end of the next session of the General Assembly , and for cases of impeachment , in which the Governor can not grant either reprieves or pardons To `` take care that the laws be faithfully executed '' and `` expedite the execution of such measures as may be resolved upon by the General Assembly '' To `` draw upon the Treasury for such sums as may be appropriated by the General Assembly '' To `` lay embargoes , or prohibit the exportation of any commodity '' for up to 30 days during a recess of the General Assembly To `` grant such licenses as shall be directed by law '' To call special sessions of the General Assembly when necessary To be the `` Captain-General and Commander-in-Chief '' of the `` forces of the State '' ( the Vermont State Guard and Vermont National Guard ) , although the Governor can not `` command in person , in time of war , or insurrection , unless by the advice and consent of the Senate , and no longer than they shall approve thereof '' There is a separately-elected Lieutenant Governor of Vermont . The Lieutenant Governor becomes the new Governor , if the incumbent Governor dies , resigns or is removed ( via impeachment ) from office . The Lieutenant Governor is also the Lieutenant-General of the `` forces of the State . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "984090287f6f7988df6b357c660bc41b", "text": "Mikhail Kasyanov's Cabinet Mikhail Kasyanov 's Cabinet ( May 2000 - March 2004 ) was a cabinet of the government of the Russian Federation during most of Vladimir Putin 's first presidential term . It followed Vladimir Putin 's Cabinet after Vladimir Putin became President of Russia and was replaced with Mikhail Fradkov 's First Cabinet shortly before the presidential election of 2004 . It was led by Prime Minister Mikhail Kasyanov , proposed by President Vladimir Putin after his inauguration on May 7 and approved by the State Duma and appointed Prime Minister by the President on May 17 , 2000 . Prior to this , Kasyanov was the Finance Minister in Vladimir Putin 's Cabinet , and as Putin was promoted to acting President on December 31 , 1999 , de facto had led his cabinet since January 10 , when he was appointed also First Deputy Prime Minister . Other 28 ministers were appointed by the President on May 18 -- 20 . Only six of them were new to the government : Gennady Bukaev , Alexander Dondukov , Alexander Gavrin , German Gref , Alexey Kudrin and Igor Shuvalov .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "25a771e941a830eaf08352d0b0ecf455", "text": "Alexei Navalny mayoral campaign, 2013 In 2010 , after the long-standing mayor of Moscow Yuri Luzhkov 's resignation , then-President of Russia Dmitry Medvedev appointed Sergey Sobyanin for a five-year term . After the protests sparked in December 2011 , Medvedev responded to that by a series of measures supposed to make political power more dependent on voters and increase accessibility for parties and candidates to elections ; in particular , he called for re-establishing elections of heads of federal subjects of Russia , which took effect on June 1 , 2012 . On February 14 , 2013 , Sobyanin declared the next elections would be held in 2015 , and a snap election would be unwanted by Muscovites , and on March 1 , he proclaimed he wanted to run for a second term as a mayor of Moscow in 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d7d8603b8c3e89d300e5702c103bcc4", "text": "Medvedev Doctrine The Medvedev Doctrine is a set of five principles stated by President of Russia Dmitry Medvedev in an interview to Channel One Russia on Sunday August 31 , 2008 , in the aftermath of the Russo-Georgian War . They may be summarized as follows : `` Russia recognizes the primacy of the fundamental principles of international law '' `` The world should be multi-polar '' `` Russia does not want confrontation with any other country '' `` Protecting the lives and dignity of our citizens , wherever they may be , is an unquestionable priority for our country '' `` As is the case of other countries , there are regions in which Russia has privileged interests ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "17cf5abb4e459eb210796d4d867e2410", "text": "List of Russian presidential candidates Candidate for President of Russia -- people officially registered as a candidate for President of the Russian Federation . As of , 29 people participated in the election of the President of Russia . Three more have been officially registered as candidates , but later withdrew from the elections ( however , one of them took part in the previous and subsequent presidential elections ) . Recently at the moment the elections were in 2012 , five candidates participated in them . The next elections will be held in 2018 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "373f7abc7dd223cefa8603a03bf77229", "text": "1922 Moscow Trial of Socialist Revolutionaries The Moscow Trial of the Socialist Revolutionaries was one of the first show trials of the Soviet Union , beginning on June 8 , 1922 . The trial was part of a process that entailed eliminating all opposition in the nascent Bolshevik state . The trial stemmed from the failed Kerensky -- Krasnov uprising on October 29th , 1917 ( old style ) , when Alexander Kerensky attempted to overthrow the Soviet government that had just toppled him . The previous years had witnessed the silencing of the Workers ' Opposition and the suppression of the Mensheviks , the other major proletarian party . The Socialist Revolutionaries had long been a nuisance to the Bolsheviks . The party enjoyed the support of the largest demographic of the old Tsarist Empire , the agrarian peasantry , whilst the Bolsheviks were primarily supported by the radical intelligentsia , with some , albeit small , representation amongst soldiers and workers . The dispersal of the Constituent Assembly in January 1918 was the first action Lenin took against the Socialist Revolutionaries . The results of the voting made it clear that the assembly would not be overwhelmingly Bolshevik , and Lenin decided that it was counterrevolutionary . Fanny Kaplan , Lenin 's would-be assassin , stated that her motive for the assassination was the dispersal of the assembly . The Brest-Litovsk Treaty of 1918 that ended hostilities between Germany and Russia was also a point of serious disagreement between the Bolsheviks and the Socialist Revolutionaries . There were 12 main defendants in the trial and SR coup participants gave evidence for the prosecution . Among the notable Bolsheviks playing a part in the trial were Nikolai Krylenko , who was the prosecutor for the state , and Nikolai Bukharin , who was part of the defense counsel . Bukharin had even participated in demonstrations organized by the authorities that were occurring throughout Moscow , and demanded the death penalty for the 12 defendants . At the very outset , Georgy Pyatakov announced that `` the court does not intend to handle the case from a dispassionate , objective point of view but would be guided solely by the interests of the Soviet Government . '' The evidence against the accused included statements of former SR participants in the military coup attempt such as G. Semyonov , who joined the Bolsheviks in 1911 , and became an agent provocateur . The trial concluded with death sentences for the 12 and acquittal for those who gave evidence . Upon further review by the tribunal , the death sentences were commuted . It was believed by Trotsky at least , that if the sentences were carried out , their party brethren would carry out terrorist violence against the Bolshevik government . All of the defendants and participants in the trial would eventually become victims in Stalin 's purges .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "880a1fca2c3b4adcc6a9526dc4fb03c6", "text": "Economic history of the Russian Federation After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 and collapse of Russia 's controlled economy , a new Russian Federation was created under Boris Yeltsin in 1991 . The Russian Federation had multiple economic reforms , including privatization and market and trade liberalization , due to collapse of communism . Though the economy is much more stable compared to the early 1990s , inflation still remains an issue for Russia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "73b5bfb2f0f4303e70296217212d8aa9", "text": "Decommunization in Russia Decommunization in Russia is the process of dealing with the communist legacies in terms of institutions and personnel that tends towards breaking with the Soviet past . Compared with the efforts of the other former constituents of the Soviet bloc and the Soviet Union , it has been restricted to half-measures , if conducted at all . Notable anti-communist measures in the Russian Federation are the banning of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union ( and creating the Communist Party of the Russian Federation ) as well as the names of many Russian cities reverting to what they were before the 1917 October Revolution ( Leningrad to Saint Petersburg , Sverdlovsk to Yekaterinburg and Gorky to Nizhny Novgorod ) . However , Nostalgia for the Soviet Union is gradually on the rise in Russia . Communist symbols continue to form an important part of the rhetoric used in state-controlled media as banning them is seen by the foreign ministry as `` sacrilege '' and `` a perverse idea of good and evil '' . The decommunization process in neighbouring Ukraine was also met with criticism by Russia , and Soviet war crimes continue to be regularly dismissed as `` Western myth '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7449a09c872f896540eb004872abf965", "text": "List of Presidents of Serbia The following article contains a list of Presidents of Serbia . The list includes the heads of state of the Socialist Republic of Serbia , a constituent country of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and heads of state of the Republic of Serbia ( 1992 -- 2006 ) , a constituent country of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia / State Union of Serbia and Montenegro . Prior to 1974 , Serbia 's head of state was the speaker of the Serbian parliament . The President of the Republic ( Predsednik Republike , Председник Републике ) is directly elected to a five-year term and is limited by the Constitution to a maximum of two terms . In addition to being the Commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces , the President has the procedural duty of appointing the Prime Minister with the consent of the National Assembly , and has some influence on foreign policy . The President 's office is located in Novi Dvor .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "0615f1fc4d0a43d09615903d02e7aa05", "text": "County seat A county seat is an administrative center , seat of government , or capital city of a county or civil parish . The term is used in the United States , Canada , Romania , China and Taiwan . In the United Kingdom and Ireland , county towns have a similar function .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a6d1ca7ada5d77196d6aa778d470dc6", "text": "Las Vegas Las Vegas ( -LSB- lɑːs_ˈveɪɡəs -RSB- , Spanish for `` The Meadows '' ) , officially the City of Las Vegas and often known simply as Vegas , is the 28th-most populated city in the United States , the most populated city in the state of Nevada , and the county seat of Clark County . The city anchors the Las Vegas Valley metropolitan area and is the largest city within the greater Mojave Desert . Las Vegas is an internationally renowned major resort city known primarily for its gambling , shopping , fine dining , entertainment , and nightlife . It is the leading financial , commercial , and cultural center for Nevada . The city bills itself as The Entertainment Capital of the World , and is famous for its mega casino -- hotels and associated activities . It is a top three destination in the United States for business conventions and a global leader in the hospitality industry , claiming more AAA Five Diamond hotels than any city in the world . Today , Las Vegas annually ranks as one of the world 's most visited tourist destinations . The city 's tolerance for numerous forms of adult entertainment earned it the title of Sin City , and has made Las Vegas a popular setting for literature , films , television programs , and music videos . Las Vegas was settled in 1905 and officially incorporated in 1911 . At the close of the 20th century , it was the most populated American city founded within that century ( a similar distinction earned by Chicago in the 1800s ) . Population growth has accelerated since the 1960s , and between 1990 and 2000 the population nearly doubled , increasing by 85.2 % . Rapid growth has continued into the 21st century , and according to a 2013 estimate , the population is 603,488 with a regional population of 2,027,828 . `` Las Vegas '' is often used to describe areas beyond official city limits -- especially the areas on and near the Las Vegas Strip , which is actually located within the unincorporated communities of Paradise , Winchester , and Enterprise .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "22c7e31f533987e67f1e9a52da281a42", "text": "Nevada, Texas Nevada ( -LSB- nᵻˈveɪdə -RSB- , unlike the state of Nevada ) is a city in Collin County , Texas , United States . The population was 822 at the 2010 census . First settled in 1835 by John McMinn Stambaugh and named `` McMinn Chapel '' , the area was settled by Granville Stinebaugh , who named it after the Nevada Territory . Nevada enjoyed some prosperity after becoming a stop on the St. Louis Southwestern Railway , and the town incorporated in 1889 . On 9 May 1927 , a half-mile-wide F4 tornado ripped through Nevada , leaving 19 dead , 100 injured , and property damage exceeding $ 650,000 . The town had a difficult recovery ; citizens voted to unincorporate , and placed the restoration of the community in the hands of the Collin County authorities . However , the growing mechanisation involved in agriculture , along with the Great Depression , caused the town to fall into stagnation . The railroad later removed its tracks from the area . Recent growth in Collin County during the last 25 years has moderately improved life in Nevada . The population has again reached the heights of 1927 , and the town reincorporated in 1988 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de52dce4b0e5f581d38de6cfbc2c5488", "text": "Opera Las Vegas Opera Las Vegas ( OLV ) is an opera company serving the Las Vegas Valley . Founded in April 1999 , Opera Las Vegas is a 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) nonprofit corporation with a volunteer board of directors from the fields of law , accounting , planning and marketing as well as the musical and theatrical arts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a7c55e1d35e3e3214695df9189519513", "text": "County Laois County Laois ( -LSB- ˈliːʃ -RSB- ; Contae Laoise ) is a county in Ireland . It is located in the south of the Midlands Region and is also located in the province of Leinster , and was formerly known as Queen 's County . The modern county takes its name from Loígis , a medieval kingdom . Laois County Council is the local authority for the county . The population of the county is 80,559 , according to the 2011 census - 20 % higher than it was in the 2006 census , which is the highest percentage of population growth in the country .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1f6d8f83dbfcb914d7ac7ddf420c979", "text": "County judge The term county judge is applied as a descriptor , and sometimes as a title , for a person who presides over a county court . In most cases , such as in Northern Ireland and the Victorian County Courts , a county judge is a judicial officer with civil and / or criminal jurisdiction . In the United States , however , there are some County Courts which exercise primarily administrative functions , in which case the County Judge may exercise largely or solely executive authority and be equivalent to the county executive in other local government areas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "16d7528c48cf5a33556d90bf95cd8831", "text": "Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation The Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation , formerly the Fort McDowell Mohave-Apache Community of the Fort McDowell Indian Reservation ) , is a federally recognized tribe and Indian reservation in Maricopa County , Arizona about 23 mi northeast of Phoenix . The reservation was officially created on September 15 , 1903 by executive order , on a small parcel carved from the ancestral lands of the Yavapai people , encompassing 24680 acre . The acreage had been part of the Fort McDowell Military Reserve , which had been an important outpost during the Apache Wars . The original inhabitants of the reservation were members of the kwevikopaya , or Southeastern Yavapai , who lived in the nearby Mazatzal-Four Peak and Superstition Mountains area . In the 1970s , there was a proposal to build a dam at the confluence of the Verde and Salt Rivers . Due to the negative effects such a dam would have had on the reservation , the community voted not to sell the land for the dam to the federal government . What would have been called the `` Orme Dam '' was never built . The reservation celebrates this victory with a rodeo and pow wow each November . After the passage of the 1988 Indian Gaming Regulatory Act , a casino was built on the reservation . In 1992 , agents of the Federal Bureau of Investigation attempted to seize the gaming devices of the casino . This raid took place in conjunction with raids at four other Indian reservations throughout the country . While the raids at the other four reservations went unopposed , members of the Yavapai tribe organized a protest . Using cars , trucks , and large mobile earth moving equipment , they blocked the egress from the property , preventing the trucks from carting off the machines . An agreement was reached between the tribe and Governor Fife Symington allowing the casino to remain in operation . The outside communities of Fountain Hills and Rio Verde lie adjacent to the reservation . In addition to Rio Verde and Fountain Hills , the reservation 's economy is also closely tied to the nearby cities of Mesa , Scottsdale and Phoenix . Also in the area is the Salt River Indian Reservation of the Pima and Maricopa peoples . The tribe operates its own gas station , a large sand and gravel operation , a farm , and the Fort McDowell Casino . Other operations on the reservation include the Wekopa Resort and Conference Center , the Poco Diablo hotel , the Wekopa Golf Course , and Fort McDowell Adventures . The area now occupied by the reservation was the birthplace of the Native American activist , Carlos Montezuma , who founded the Society of American Indians .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b84a9418a2494baa80c418c7751494b1", "text": "Political party strength in Nevada The following table indicates the party of elected officials in the U.S. state of Nevada : Governor Lieutenant Governor Secretary of State Attorney General State Treasurer State Controller The table also indicates the historical party composition in the : State Senate State Assembly State delegation to the U.S. Senate State delegation to the U.S. House of Representatives For years in which a presidential election was held , the table indicates which party 's nominees received the state 's electoral votes . The parties are as follows : ( D ) , ( R ) , ( S ) , ( S/D ) , and .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7e813d55a5b6c2a58aed0bcfe852538", "text": "Northern Arizona Northern Arizona is an unofficial , colloquially-defined region of the U.S. state of Arizona . Generally consisting of Coconino County , Yavapai County , Navajo County , and Apache County , it is geographically dominated by the Colorado Plateau , the southern border of which in Arizona is called the Mogollon Rim . Mohave County , located in the northwest of the state , may or may not be considered part of Northern Arizona , depending on local opinions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "111970245c66e2d33668f0c6420d8662", "text": "Nevada Senate The Nevada Senate is the upper house of the Nevada Legislature , the state legislature of U.S. state of Nevada . The Senate currently ( 2012-2021 ) consists of 21 members from single-member districts . In the previous redistricting ( 2002-2011 ) there were 19 districts , two of which were multimember . Since 2012 , there have been 21 districts , each formed by combining two neighboring Assembly districts . Each senator represented approximately 128,598 as of the 2010 census . Article Four of The Nevada Constitution sets that Senators serve staggered four-year terms . In addition , the size of the Senate is set to be no less than one-third and no greater than one-half of the size of the Assembly . Term limits , limiting senators to three 4-year terms ( 12 years ) , took effect in 2010 . Because of the change in Constitution , seven senators were termed out in 2010 , four were termed out in 2012 , and one is to be termed out in 2014 . The Senate met at the Nevada State Capitol in Carson City until 1971 , when a separate Legislative Building was constructed south of the Capitol . The Legislative Building was expanded in 1997 to its current appearance to accommodate the growing Legislature .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "73227be14b1de1de8e60c88b0ef3a3cc", "text": "Latah County, Idaho Latah County ( pron . -LSB- ` laytɑː -RSB- ) is a county located in the north central region of the U.S. state of Idaho . As of the 2010 census , the population was 37,244 . The county seat and largest city is Moscow , the home of the University of Idaho , the state 's flagship and land-grant university . The county was created in 1888 and named for Latah Creek in its northwest corner . The name in the Nez Perce language means `` the place of pine trees and pestle . '' The tribe found shade under the white pine trees for doing their work and stones suitable for use in pulverizing camas roots to process as one of their food staples . Latah County comprises the Moscow , ID Micropolitan Statistical Area , which is included in the Pullman-Moscow , WA-ID Combined Statistical Area . The county comprises the majority of the eastern portion of the Palouse , famous for its rolling hills and rich agriculture . Latah County is the only county in the U.S. established by an act of Congress ; it was originally part of Nez Perce County , which was reluctant to lose its most populated area .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "767f69b185b5f2962844f784165835f4", "text": "List of tallest buildings in Las Vegas The city of Las Vegas , Nevada and its surrounding unincorporated communities in the Las Vegas Valley are the sites of more than 160 high-rises , 42 of which stand taller than 400 ft. The tallest structure in the city is the Stratosphere Tower , which rises 1149 ft just north of the Las Vegas Strip . The tower is also the tallest observation tower in the United States . Since the Stratosphere Tower is not fully habitable , however , it is not considered a building . The tallest building in Las Vegas is the Fontainebleau Resort Las Vegas , which rises 735 ft and was topped out in November 2008 . This building , however , is currently on hold . The tallest completed building in the city is the 52-story Palazzo , which rises 642 ft and was completed in 2007 . The history of skyscrapers in Las Vegas began with the 1954 completion of the Castaways Hotel and Casino in Downtown Las Vegas ; the 216 ft structure stood as the tallest building in the city until 1961 , and was demolished in 2006 . Beginning with the completion of the Diamond of the Dunes Tower in 1961 , high-rise hotels began to become more concentrated on the Las Vegas Strip . The first high-rise hotel and casino resort to rise higher than 492 ft was the 529 ft New York-New York Hotel & Casino , completed in 1997 . Las Vegas entered into a skyscraper-building boom in the late 1990s that has continued to the present ; of the city 's 40 tallest skyscrapers , 39 were completed after 1997 . As of 2012 , the skyline of Las Vegas is ranked 66th in the world and 18th in the United States with 176 completed high-rises . In what is being dubbed a `` Manhattanization wave '' , there are over 30 skyscrapers that are proposed , approved or under construction in the city that are planned to rise over 400 ft in height . The tallest building approved for the city is the World Jewelry Center , which is planned for construction in Downtown Las Vegas . The 815 ft tower is part of a proposal to construct a hub for the world 's jewelry industry , across from World Market Center Las Vegas . The tallest building under construction in Las Vegas is the Fontainebleau Resort Las Vegas , which has also been the tallest building in the city since its topping out in November 2008 ; construction on the building was suspended in mid-2009 and is currently on hold under owner Carl Icahn . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f2e7e1c25a3f1220077d712ae19d8c3", "text": "Clark County Shooting Complex The Clark County Shooting Complex , located on the northern outskirts of Las Vegas , Nevada , is the largest shooting facility in the United States . The 2900 acre park is being built in stages by Clark County , Nevada . At full build out is anticipated that only 900 acre will be developed with the rest of the site serving as a buffer for the surrounding community . The park is located at the northern end of Decatur Blvd in unincorporated Clark County , just north of the City of Las Vegas boundary .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e06d039d438da7346e49baba611eb0e", "text": "Montgomery County, Alabama Montgomery County is a county in the State of Alabama . As of the 2010 census , its population was 229,363 , making it the fourth-most populous county in Alabama . Its county seat is Montgomery , the state capital . Montgomery County is included in the Montgomery , AL Metropolitan Statistical Area .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d7ecf0a1015e437d82b07a1d32cfe4b2", "text": "Iowa Secretary of State The Iowa Secretary of State is a constitutional officer of the U.S. state of Iowa and is elected every four years . The Office of the Secretary of State is divided into four divisions : Elections and Voter Registration , Business Services , Administrative Services , and Communications and Publications . Elections and Voter Registration deals with supervising the 99 county auditors , elections , and voter registration . The division of the office helps the county auditors in telling them which election practices work best . The division also helps in increasing voter registration . The Business Services Division is a records center for businesses in Iowa . The Administrative Services Division and the Communications and Publications Division is involved in scheduling and providing media information , preservation of documents , recordkeeping , and publishing the Iowa Official Register and the Iowa Official Directory of Federal , State and County Officers . The Secretary of State 's office is housed in the Lucas State Office Building in Des Moines .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b1742646e0cabcd828b59e04db9aac0", "text": "Santa Fe County, New Mexico Santa Fe County ( Holy faith ) is a county in the U.S. state of New Mexico . As of the 2010 census , the population was 144,170 , making it New Mexico 's third-most populous county , after Bernalillo County and Doña Ana County . Its county seat is Santa Fe , the state capital . Santa Fe County comprises the Santa Fe , NM Metropolitan Statistical Area , which is also included in the Albuquerque-Santa Fe-Las Vegas , NM Combined Statistical Area .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0fc65560f27642eb86dfb91e5e6504f5", "text": "Downtown Laredo Downtown Laredo is the second main business district in Laredo , Texas . Downtown Laredo is the starting point for Interstate Highway 35 and State Highway 359 . It is home to all of Laredo 's high-rise buildings . Laredo 's and Webb County 's main government buildings are located in Downtown Laredo . Most of Webb County 's National Register of Historic Places are in this area .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c94a14dde1de5bc87427fe300eb76d55", "text": "Justice courts (Oregon) Justice courts are courts of law in Oregon with jurisdiction within their county with the circuit court in criminal prosecutions except felony trials . They are held by a justice of the peace . These courts are outside the state-funded court system . Their jurisdiction is limited to traffic , boating , wildlife and other minor violations , but they may handle city ordinance violations if an agreement exists with a city . Justice courts do not have jurisdiction over certain types of civil cases , including disputes over title to real estate , false imprisonment , libel , slander and malicious prosecution . Justice courts were established in Oregon when the region was governed by the Oregon Provisional Government prior to the creation of the Oregon Territory in 1848 , with the first justice of the peace chosen in 1847 . When Oregon became a state in 1859 , justice courts continued in every county . In the second half of the twentieth century , justice courts declined , but the circuit courts were not able to handle the volume of cases as quickly as the justice courts . There are currently thirty justice courts operating in twenty counties , which are conducted using the mode of proceeding and rules of evidence similar to those used in the circuit courts . The court district boundaries are established and authorized by boards of county commissioners .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b846efe07ca891bc0e13b56aab39ea45", "text": "Nevada State Museum, Las Vegas The Nevada State Museum , Las Vegas located at the Springs Preserve , in Las Vegas , Nevada is one of 6 Nevada State Museums operated by the Nevada Department of Tourism and Cultural Affairs . The name was changed from the Nevada State Museum and Historical Society in 2008 when the museum moved from Lorenzi Park in Las Vegas to the Springs Preserve . The museum houses items from the development of Las Vegas as well as the natural history of the area .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "92a6677a2574eb26c209dcfde1a20390", "text": "List of counties in Utah There are 29 counties in the U.S. state of Utah . There were originally seven counties established under the provisional State of Deseret in 1849 : Davis , Iron , Sanpete , Salt Lake , Tooele , Utah , and Weber . The Territory of Utah was created in 1851 with the first territorial legislature meeting from 1851 -- 1852 . The first legislature re-created the original counties from the State of Deseret under territorial law as well as establishing three additional counties : Juab , Millard , and Washington . All other counties were established between 1854 and 1894 by the Utah Territorial Legislature under territorial law except for the last two counties formed , Daggett and Duchesne . They were created by popular vote and by gubernatorial proclamation after Utah became a state . Present-day Duchesne County encompassed an Indian reservation that was created in 1861 . The reservation was opened to homesteaders in 1905 and the county was created in 1913 . Due to dangerous roads , mountainous terrain , and bad weather preventing travel via a direct route , residents in present-day Daggett County had to travel 400 to on both stage and rail to conduct business in Vernal , the county seat for Uintah County a mere 50 miles away . In 1917 , all Uintah County residents voted to create Daggett County . Based on the 2010 United States Census data , the population of Utah was 2,763,885 . Just over 75 % of Utah 's population is concentrated along four Wasatch Front counties of Salt Lake , Utah , Davis , and Weber . Salt Lake County was the largest county in the state with a population of 1,029,655 , followed by Utah County with 516,564 , Davis County with 306,479 and Weber County with 231,236 . Daggett County was the least populated with 1,059 people . The largest county in land area is San Juan County with 7821 mi2 and Davis County is the smallest with 304 mi2 . The Federal Information Processing Standard ( FIPS ) code , which is used by the United States government to uniquely identify states and counties , is provided with each county . Utah 's FIPS code is 49 , which when combined with any county code would be written as 49XXX . In the FIPS code column in the table below , each FIPS code links to the most current census data for that county . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f235594bf5e7f795e0c250fd6b63ec46", "text": "Counties of Estonia Counties ( maakond , plural maakonnad ) are the first-level administrative subdivisions of Estonia . Estonian territory is composed of 15 counties , including 13 on the mainland and 2 on islands . The government ( maavalitsus ) of each county is led by a -LSB- County Governors of Estonia , maavanem -RSB- ( governor ) who represents the national government ( Vabariigi Valitsus ) at the regional level . Governors are appointed by the national government for a term of five years . Each county is further divided into municipalities of two types : urban municipalities ( towns , linnad ) and rural municipalities ( parishes , vallad ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d673aa192d292ba26f461c017841af7", "text": "History of Las Vegas This history of Las Vegas covers both the city of Las Vegas , Nevada , and the Las Vegas Valley . The name Las Vegas was given to the area in 1829 by an Australian scout named Richard , a member of the Antonio Armijo trading party that was traveling to Los Angeles , and stopped for water there while heading north and west on the Old Spanish Trail from New Mexico . At that time , several parts of the valley contained artesian wells surrounded by extensive green areas ; Las Vegas means the meadows in Spanish . The flows from the wells fed the Las Vegas Wash , which runs to the Colorado River .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "483406042000776d0bc1891c63c96ccc", "text": "Paul Bettany Paul Bettany ( born 27 May 1971 ) is an English actor . He is known for his voice role as J.A.R.V.I.S. in the Marvel Cinematic Universe , specifically the films Iron Man ( 2008 ) , Iron Man 2 ( 2010 ) , The Avengers ( 2012 ) , Iron Man 3 ( 2013 ) , and Avengers : Age of Ultron ( 2015 ) , in which he also portrayed the Vision , in the Marvel Cinematic Universe for which he garnered praise . He reprised his role as the Vision in Captain America : Civil War ( 2016 ) . He first came to the attention of mainstream audiences when he appeared in the British film Gangster No. 1 ( 2000 ) , and director Brian Helgeland 's film A Knight 's Tale ( 2001 ) . He has gone on to appear in a wide variety of films , including A Beautiful Mind ( 2001 ) , Master and Commander : The Far Side of the World ( 2003 ) , Dogville ( 2003 ) , Wimbledon ( 2004 ) , and the adaptation of the novel The Da Vinci Code ( 2006 ) . He has been nominated for various awards , including BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role and a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture . Bettany is married to American actress Jennifer Connelly , with whom he has two children . His most commercially successful films have been The Avengers , which grossed over US$ 1.5 billion , its sequel Avengers : Age of Ultron , which grossed over $ 1.4 billion , Iron Man 3 , which grossed over US$ 1.2 billion , Captain America : Civil War , which grossed over US$ 1.1 billion , and The Da Vinci Code , which grossed US$ 758 million .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "fb2dad83246a714cdbb504dad9c595a8", "text": "Simon Fields Simon Fields is a native of London and received his education at Stowe School . After graduation , he worked his way through the television commercial production ranks in London to become production manager for the Moving Picture Company . In 1978 , Fields became a producer for Jon Roseman Productions and moved to L.A. within a year to join its U.S. division . He , producer Paul Flattery and director Bruce Gowers . soon left to form Gowers , Fields , Flattery . In 1982 , Gowers Fields Flattery started representing director Steve Barron , of the UK company Limelight in the U.S. . In 1983 Fields left Gowers , Fields , Flattery with Barron to form the US version of Limelight , a company focused on music video , commercial and feature film production , with operations in Los Angeles and London . As president and CEO , Fields oversaw a television commercial division whose accounts included Calvin Klein , Nike and Budweiser , as well as producing the feature film Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles . Limelight also became distinguished as a leader in music video production , working on projects with Michael Jackson , Madonna , Prince , Peter Gabriel , A-ha , David Bowie and others . Toward the end of his twelve-year tenure with Limelight , Fields teamed with director Peter Chelsom in developing and producing feature films . Together they shepherded the Ned Beatty romantic comedy Hear My Song , the Buena Vista distributed Funny Bones starring Oliver Platt and Jerry Lewis ( which earned Fields and Chelsom a London Critics Circle Film Award for British Producer of the Year ) , The Mighty starring Elden Henson , Kieran Culkin and Sharon Stone , Miramax 's romantic comedy Serendipity starring John Cusack and Kate Beckinsale , and the romantic comedy Shall We Dance , starring Richard Gere , Susan Sarandon and Jennifer Lopez . Through Nuyorican , Fields has produced several feature films and served as Executive Producer on many television productions : The crime drama Bordertown , starring Jennifer Lopez and Antonio Banderas , the Picture House release of El Cantante , the story of salsa pioneer Hector Lavoe , starring Lopez and Marc Anthony , and the Sony Pictures release of Feel the Noise , a drama set in New York & Puerto Rico . The company has also produced Dancelife , a dance competition reality series for MTV . Nuyorican also has non-scripted/reality division , and had its first series South Beach Tow premiere on TruTV in July 2011 . Simon Fields currently resides in Los Angeles with his wife Melanie and two children .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b1772ac334aa501430e85d86f108911", "text": "Shana Goldberg-Meehan Shana Goldberg-Meehan is an American television producer and television writer . She was an executive producer of Friends and its spinoff Joey , which she also co-created along with Scott Silveri , whom she married in 2006 . In 2005 , she left Joey while Silveri stayed on the show . In 2010 , she created the series Better with You , which ended in 2011 . Goldberg-Meehan 's father was comedy writer Gary David Goldberg , best known for creating Family Ties .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d35480a2bbe5305fc75e36dd1346160", "text": "Olivia O'Leary Olivia O'Leary ( born 1949 ) is an Irish journalist , writer and current affairs presenter . Educated at St Leo 's College , Carlow and at University College Dublin ( UCD ) , she worked with the Nationalist and Leinster Times in Carlow . In the late 1970s she began working for The Irish Times as parliamentary sketchwriter . She currently broadcasts a weekly a political diary on Drivetime , a radio programme broadcast by Raidió Teilifís Éireann 's channel RTÉ Radio 1 . In 1972 she joined Raidió Teilifís Éireann ( RTÉ ) as a current affairs presenter and later worked as a presenter on Today Tonight , Questions and Answers and Prime Time . She became the first regular female senior presenter of the BBC 's current affairs programme , Newsnight and also presented First Tuesday , a monthly documentary strand produced by Yorkshire Television for ITV . O'Leary won three Jacob 's Awards during her broadcasting career with RTÉ . Her first came in 1973 for her work as a radio news reporter . In 1982 , she won her second Jacob 's Award for her hosting of Today Tonight . Her chairing of Questions and Answers brought her a third award in 1986 . She has also won a Sony Award for her BBC Radio 4 programme Between Ourselves . She has co-authored the book Mary Robinson : The Authorised Biography , with Dr Helen Burke , and in 2004 wrote Politicians and Other Animals , a sketch on Irish politics . She was Chairperson of the Office of the Ombudsman 's 20th Anniversary Conference . In 2009 she left the Roman Catholic Church over the cover up of clerical abuse scandals and the long-standing refusal of the church to ordain women . She was married to Paul Tansey , Economics Editor of The Irish Times . He died suddenly in September 2008 . She has one daughter , Emily Tansey . On 5 December 2011 she was awarded an honorary doctorate by her alma mater UCD . She is a cousin of TV personality and wine expert Oz Clarke .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9805cfda6b3725b9590c2c0272947beb", "text": "Duets (film) Duets is a 2000 American road trip film co-produced and directed by Bruce Paltrow and written by John Byrum . The motion picture features an ensemble cast co-starring Gwyneth Paltrow , Paul Giamatti , Maria Bello , Scott Speedman , Andre Braugher , Huey Lewis and Angie Dickinson , among others . The movie `` revolves around the little known world of karaoke competitions and the wayward characters who inhabit it . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b067f4bf0aaa83eb18fe1900b77afce", "text": "James Costigan James Costigan ( March 31 , 1926 -- December 19 , 2007 ) was an American television actor and Emmy Award-winning television screenwriter . His writing credited included the Eleanor and Franklin and Love Among the Ruins television movies . Costigan was born on March 31 , 1926 in East Los Angeles , where his parents owned and operated a hardware store . He first achieved some level of success in the 1950s , when he began being hired to write television anthology series , such as Studio One and Kraft Television Theatre . Costigan won his first Emmy for original teleplay in 1959 for Little Moon of Alban , a segment which appeared as part of the Hallmark Hall of Fame . He earned a second Emmy nomination in for his script adaptation of The Turn of the Screw in 1959 . He did not win , but Ingrid Bergman won an Emmy for her performance in The Turn of the Screw . He increasingly began writing for the stage as the format of television began to change . His Broadway credits included Baby Want a Kiss , a 1964 comedy which starred Joanne Woodward and Paul Newman . He returned to screenwriting for television in the early 1970s . His 1970s work included A War of Children , written in 1972 , which was about two families , one Roman Catholic and one Protestant , in Northern Ireland , whose long time friendship is threatened by sectarian violence . He won a second Emmy Award for Love Among the Ruins , a 1975 television movie set in Edwardian England , which starred Katharine Hepburn and Laurence Olivier . His third Emmy win was for Eleanor and Franklin ( 1976 ) , a two-part , four-hour-long television drama focusing on the lives of Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "474fdadfe34c831635ff2e5a8d2442c0", "text": "Paul Ronan Paul Anthony Ronan ( born 21 March 1965 ) is an Irish actor . He has been a regular performer in TV and films since the mid - '90s , notably as Edso Dowling in the Ballykissangel TV series ; other TV appearances include Rebel Heart and The Tudors . He is the father of actress Saoirse Ronan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1f6fae7841b05f65c05c20fb3ec80de", "text": "Jennifer Maguire Jennifer Zamparelli ( née Maguire ) ( born 9 April 1982 ) is an Irish television presenter . She is known for her writing and role on the TV show Republic of Telly , and as co-host of the 2FM morning show Breakfast Republic with Bernard O'Shea and Keith Walsh .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "891251c304601a58a2b2dbcdedf63517", "text": "Matthew Connelly Matthew Connelly is an American professor of international and global history at Columbia University in the city of New York . His areas of expertise include the global Cold War , official secrecy , population control , and decolonization . He is the author of Fatal Misconception : The Struggle to Control World Population , A Diplomatic Revolution : Algeria 's Fight for Independence and the Origins of the Post-Cold War Era , and articles on international and domestic politics for The Atlantic Monthly , The New York Times , and The National Interest . Connelly is also the founder and principal investigator of History Lab .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c50317b154b9e0b59948a13b6b3368d7", "text": "Pat Toomey Patrick Joseph Toomey ( born November 17 , 1961 ) is an American businessman and politician . He is the junior United States Senator for Pennsylvania , in office since 2011 , and a member of the Republican Party . Previously , Toomey served as a United States Representative for three terms , from 1999 to 2005 , but he did not seek a fourth term in compliance with a term limits pledge he had made while running for office in 1998 . Toomey attended La Salle Academy in Providence , Rhode Island before earning a B.A. in government from Harvard College . He was employed first by Chemical Bank and subsequently by Morgan , Grenfell & Co. beginning in 1984 and 1986 , respectively , until resigning from the latter in 1991 . Prior to being elected to the U.S. Senate , Toomey served as the U.S. Representative for from 1999 to 2005 . He narrowly lost the Republican primary for United States Senate in 2004 . From 2005 to 2009 , he served as president of the Club for Growth . After becoming the Republican nominee for the 2010 U.S. Senate election in Pennsylvania , Toomey was elected to the seat on November 2 , 2010 , defeating his Democratic opponent , former U.S. Navy Three-star admiral and Congressman Joe Sestak . He is currently the only Republican holding statewide office in Pennsylvania . In the U.S. Senate , Toomey serves on the Committee on Banking , Housing , and Urban Affairs , the Committee on the Budget , the Committee on Finance , and the Congressional Joint Economic Committee , among others including several subcommittees . In 2011 , he also served on the Joint Select Committee on Deficit Reduction . In April 2012 , Toomey was named to succeed South Carolina Senator Jim DeMint as chairman of the United States Senate Steering Committee , a Senate Republican caucus . Toomey was re-elected on November 8 , 2016 , to his second term as the junior United States Senator from Pennsylvania , defeating Katie McGinty in the general election .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "43a0ab5a2662bf73620e313cabe6a84d", "text": "My Family (series 2) The second series of the BBC family sitcom My Family originally aired between 31 August and 30 November 2001 . The second series was commissioned after good ratings from the first series . The opening episode , `` All Roads Lead To Ramon '' , re-introduces the five main characters from the first series , with the addition of Brian , played by Kevin Bishop , who appeared in nearly every episode in the series . All thirteen episodes in series two are thirty minutes in length . The series was produced by Rude Boy Productions , a company that produces comedies created by Fred Barron . The series was filmed at Pinewood Studios in London , in front of a live audience .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a7857cf9768ff317f8d4c517ab2b4b13", "text": "America: A Tribute to Heroes America : A Tribute to Heroes was a benefit concert created by the heads of the four major American broadcast networks ; Fox , ABC , NBC and CBS . Joel Gallen was selected by them to produce and run the show . Actor George Clooney organized celebrities to perform and to staff the telephone bank . The marketing and public relations was headed by Warner Bros. . EVP Corp Comm with assistance from the marketing and publicity departments of all four broadcast networks . It was broadcast live by the four major American television networks and all of the cable networks in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon in 2001 . Done in the style of a telethon , it featured a number of national and international entertainers performing to raise money for the victims and their families , particularly the New York City firefighters and New York City police officers . It aired September 21 , 2001 , uninterrupted and commercial-free , for which it won a Peabody Award . It was released on December 4 , 2001 , on compact disc and DVD . On a dark stage illuminated by hundreds of candles , twenty-one artists performed songs of mourning and hope , while various actors and other celebrities delivered short spoken messages . The musical performances took place at three studios in Los Angeles ( CBS Television City ) , New York , and London , while the celebrity messages took place at Los Angeles . Some of the musicians including Neil Young and Eddie Vedder were heard working the phone banks taking pledges . The money raised amounted to over $ 200 million , and was given to the United Way 's September 11 Telethon Fund . In 2004 , Rolling Stone magazine selected this concert , along with the later The Concert for New York City , as one of the 50 moments that changed rock and roll . The show was also simulcast in Canada ; Young and another Canadian singer , Celine Dion , performed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e112d28a09d70117e27782ede378f7c", "text": "Silver Linings Playbook Silver Linings Playbook is a 2012 American romantic comedy-drama film written and directed by David O. Russell . It was adapted from the novel The Silver Linings Playbook , by Matthew Quick . The film stars Bradley Cooper and Jennifer Lawrence , with Robert De Niro , Jacki Weaver , Chris Tucker , Anupam Kher , and Julia Stiles in supporting roles . Cooper plays Patrick `` Pat '' Solitano , Jr. , a man with bipolar disorder who is released from a psychiatric hospital and moves back in with his parents , played by Robert De Niro and Jacki Weaver . Determined to win back his estranged wife , Pat meets recently widowed Tiffany Maxwell , portrayed by Jennifer Lawrence , who offers to help him get his wife back if he enters a dance competition with her . The two become closer as they train and Pat , his father , and Tiffany examine their relationships with each other as they cope with their problems . Silver Linings Playbook premiered at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival on September 8 , 2012 , and was released in the United States on November 16 , 2012 . The film opened to major critical success and earned numerous accolades . It received eight Academy Award nominations , including Best Picture , Best Director , Best Adapted Screenplay . It became the first film since 1981 's Reds to be Oscar-nominated for the four acting categories and the first since 2004 's Million Dollar Baby to be nominated for the Big Five Oscars , with Lawrence winning the Academy Award for Best Actress . It also achieved four Golden Globe Award nominations , with Lawrence winning Best Actress ; three BAFTA nominations , with Russell winning for Best Adapted Screenplay ; four Screen Actors Guild nominations ; and five Independent Spirit Award nominations , winning in four categories , including Best Film . The film was a success at the box office , grossing over $ 236 million worldwide , more than eleven times its budget .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "823bc1cc84d8411f9c7f88430a174478", "text": "Calli Cox Calli Cox ( born Kristy Jo Connelly ; February 26 , 1977 ) is an American former pornographic actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "171e45fb8272353ecf9f3860226d860c", "text": "Jennifer Freeman Jennifer Nichole Freeman ( born October 20 , 1985 ) is an American actress , often credited as Jennifer N. Freeman . She is best known for playing the role of Claire Kyle in the sitcom My Wife and Kids .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa372d29b902c23059f58e6252227e94", "text": "Jennifer Grant Jennifer Diane Grant ( born February 26 , 1966 ) is an American actress , the only child of actors Cary Grant and Dyan Cannon . She is best known for roles in the television series Beverly Hills , 90210 and Movie Stars .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "90588f2fcbf74e57bfcb420a966f1ea2", "text": "Renn Hawkey Renn McDonnell Hawkey ( born March 29 , 1974 ) , previously known by the stage name Dr. Nner , is an American musician , songwriter , film producer , and occasional actor . From 1996 until 2008 , he played the synthesizer for the band Deadsy , performing on their self-titled debut album ( 1996 ) , and the subsequent releases Commencement ( 2002 ) and Phantasmagore ( 2006 ) . Following his departure from the band , his main profession is now carpentry . Hawkey has been married to Academy Award-nominated actress Vera Farmiga since 2008 . In 2011 , Hawkey served as musical director and producer on Farmiga 's directorial debut film Higher Ground . In 2015 , he had a recurring role as Paul Koretsky on A&E 's remake of The Returned .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7dddf693cdbfa40dcf1e5bc433781293", "text": "Akintunde Warnock Akintunde Warnock ( born October 23 , 1971 ) , better known as Akintunde or Ak , is a comedian , writer , director and actor from the United States . Warnock first realised that he wanted to be a comedian whilst he was a pupil at Raymont Junior Academy in Savannah , Georgia . He was a fat child who was bullied and he enjoyed the laughter of his classmates when he mocked his tormentors . After working as a barber he began a full-time career as a stand-up comedian in 1995 . He travelled the United States performing all over the country , on BET 's Comicview , and in the Turner South series That Comedy Show . He wrote material for the television show It 's Showtime at the Apollo , and comedians Monique and Chris Tucker , He became a Christian in 1999 and adapted Atlanta Bishop Eddie Long 's book I Do n't Want Delilah , I Need You into a movie screenplay . He made a documentary on black comedians called No Joke , which he co-produced with comedian J. Anthony Brown from the Tom Joyner Morning Show . The documentary features life on the road with black comedians such as Steve Harvey , Renaldo Ray and Paul Mooney . Warnock and his wife , Eunissa , have five children : Akintunde II ( born 1994 ) ; Jaleel ( 1996 ) ; Deja ( 1997 ) ; Khalia ( August 2000 ) ; Elijah Prince ( November 2002 ) . They live in Irmo , South Carolina .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3223df9b0559d650b1d26841144f7ba4", "text": "Katherine Connella Katherine Connella ( born December 12 , 1958 in Dallas , Texas ) is an American actress and writer . She had a variety of acting roles from 1976 until 2001 . Connella wrote an autobiography , Sugar and Spice and Puppy Dog Tails : Growing Up Intersexed in 2000 . The initial idea for the screenplay of the 2005 film Transamerica occurred in conversations between Connella and her then-roommate screenwriter/director Duncan Tucker .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "642b8e634a5545adbea9ed34b1da2859", "text": "A Beautiful Mind (soundtrack) A Beautiful Mind is the original soundtrack album , on the Decca Records label , of the 2001 film A Beautiful Mind starring Russell Crowe , Jennifer Connelly ( who won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role as `` Alicia Nash '' ) , Christopher Plummer and Paul Bettany . The original score and songs were composed and conducted by James Horner . The album garnered nominations for the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score and the Academy Award for Best Original Score . Music critics felt that the musical score fit the film well , but believed it to be similar to several of Horner 's previous films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "62f7ed2429badbffbefe64ac65fcf4cf", "text": "Patricia Arquette Patricia Arquette ( born April 8 , 1968 ) is an American actress . She made her film debut in A Nightmare on Elm Street 3 : Dream Warriors ( 1987 ) at the age of eighteen . Her notable films include Tony Scott 's True Romance ( 1993 ) , Tim Burton 's Ed Wood ( 1994 ) , David O. Russell 's Flirting with Disaster ( 1996 ) , David Lynch 's Lost Highway ( 1997 ) , Stephen Frears 's The Hi-Lo Country ( 1998 ) , Martin Scorsese 's Bringing Out the Dead ( 1999 ) , and Andrew Davis 's Holes ( 2003 ) . For her performance in Richard Linklater 's Boyhood ( 2014 ) , which was filmed from 2002 until 2014 , she received widespread critical praise and won the Academy Award , BAFTA Award , Critics ' Choice Award , Golden Globe Award , Independent Spirit Award , and SAG Award for Best Supporting Actress . Arquette 's Academy Award acceptance speech , which she used to bring female wage inequality to attention , received widespread news coverage . On television , she played the character Allison DuBois -- based on the author and medium Allison DuBois , who claims to have psychic abilities -- in the supernatural drama series Medium ( 2005 -- 11 ) . She received three Golden Globe nominations and two Emmy Award nominations , winning the Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama in 2005 . Arquette also appeared in the CSI franchise as Avery Ryan , the Deputy Director of the FBI , starring in CSI : Cyber ( 2015 -- 16 ) .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "d81fbeef96454cd032bff89a4d0b13b4", "text": "Canada Canada ( -LSB- ˈkænədə -RSB- -LSB- kanadɑ -RSB- ) is a country in the northern part of North America . Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean , covering 9.98 e6km2 , making it the world 's second-largest country by total area and the fourth-largest country by land area . Canada 's border with the United States is the world 's longest binational land border . The majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate , but southerly areas are warm in summer . Canada is sparsely populated , the majority of its land territory being dominated by forest and tundra and the Rocky Mountains . It is highly urbanized with 82 per cent of the 35.15 million people concentrated in large and medium-sized cities , many near the southern border . One third of the population lives in the three largest cities : Toronto , Montreal and Vancouver . Its capital is Ottawa , and other major urban areas include Calgary , Edmonton , Quebec City , Winnipeg and Hamilton . Various aboriginal peoples had inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years prior to European colonization . Beginning in the 16th century , British and French claims were made on the area , with the colony of Canada first being established by the French in 1535 during Jacques Cartier 's second voyage to New France . As a consequence of various conflicts , Great Britain gained and lost territories within British North America until it was left , in the late 18th century , with what mostly geographically comprises Canada today . Pursuant to the British North America Act , on July 1 , 1867 , the colonies of Canada , New Brunswick , and Nova Scotia joined to form the semi-autonomous federal Dominion of Canada . This began an accretion of provinces and territories to the mostly self-governing Dominion to the present ten provinces and three territories forming modern Canada . In 1931 , Canada achieved near total independence from the United Kingdom with the Statute of Westminster 1931 , but at the time , Canada decided to allow the British Parliament to temporarily retain the power to amend Canada 's constitution , on request from the Parliament of Canada . With the Constitution Act 1982 , Canada took over that authority ( as the conclusion of Patriation ) , removing the last remaining ties of legal dependence on the Parliament of the United Kingdom , giving the country full sovereignty . Canada is a federal parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy , with Queen Elizabeth II being the head of state . The country is officially bilingual at the federal level . It is one of the world 's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations , the product of large-scale immigration from many other countries . Its advanced economy is the eleventh largest in the world , relying chiefly upon its abundant natural resources and well-developed international trade networks . Canada 's long and complex relationship with the United States has had a significant impact on its economy and culture . Canada is a developed country and has the tenth highest nominal per capita income globally as well as the ninth highest ranking in the Human Development Index . It ranks among the highest in international measurements of government transparency , civil liberties , quality of life , economic freedom , and education . Canada is a Commonwealth realm member of the Commonwealth of Nations , a member of the Francophonie , and part of several major international and intergovernmental institutions or groupings including the United Nations , the North Atlantic Treaty Organization , the G8 , the Group of Ten , the G20 , the North American Free Trade Agreement and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6fc4348de13d58b9b90e108641eac4fc", "text": "Ontario Ontario ( -LSB- ɒnˈtɛərioʊ -RSB- -LSB- ɔ̃taʁjo -RSB- ) , one of the 13 provinces and territories of Canada , is located in east-central Canada . It is Canada 's most populous province by a large margin , accounting for nearly 40 percent of all Canadians , and is the second-largest province in total area . Ontario is fourth-largest in total area when the territories of the Northwest Territories and Nunavut are included . It is home to the nation 's capital city , Ottawa , and the nation 's most populous city , Toronto . Ontario is bordered by the province of Manitoba to the west , Hudson Bay and James Bay to the north , and Quebec to the east and northeast , and to the south by the U.S. states of ( from west to east ) Minnesota , Michigan , Ohio , Pennsylvania and New York . Almost all of Ontario 's 2700 km border with the United States follows inland waterways : from the west at Lake of the Woods , eastward along the major rivers and lakes of the Great Lakes/Saint Lawrence River drainage system . These are the Rainy River , the Pigeon River , Lake Superior , the St. Marys River , Lake Huron , the St. Clair River , Lake St. Clair , the Detroit River , Lake Erie , the Niagara River , Lake Ontario and along the St. Lawrence River from Kingston , Ontario , to the Quebec boundary just east of Cornwall , Ontario . There is only about 1 km of land border made up of portages including Height of Land Portage on the Minnesota border . Ontario is sometimes conceptually divided into two regions , Northern Ontario and Southern Ontario . The great majority of Ontario 's population and arable land is located in the south . In contrast , the larger , northern part of Ontario is sparsely populated with cold winters and is heavily forested .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "203de64849a849f1b7518ceb44f4e230", "text": "Windsor, Ontario Windsor ( -LSB- ˈwɪnzər -RSB- ) is a city in Ontario and the southernmost city in Canada . It is located on the southern shore of the Detroit River , directly across the river from Detroit , Michigan . Windsor is a major contributor to Canada 's automotive industry and has a storied history and a diverse culture . Windsor is among the best places to retire in Ontario , according to Comfort Life , a publication for seniors , partly because of the low cost of living . According to this source , the Globe and Mail also makes this recommendation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09b5a80e469e6c30923c07b4f0f21304", "text": "Detroit River The Detroit River flows for 24 nmi from Lake St. Clair to Lake Erie as a strait in the Great Lakes system and forms part of the border between Canada and the United States . The river divides the metropolitan areas of Detroit , Michigan and Windsor , Ontario - an area referred to as Detroit -- Windsor . The two cities are connected by the Ambassador Bridge , the Detroit -- Windsor Tunnel and the Michigan Central Railway Tunnel . The river 's name comes from the French Rivière Détroit , meaning River of the Strait . The Detroit River has served an important role in the history of Detroit and is one of the busiest waterways in the world . The river travels west and south from Lake St. Clair to Lake Erie , and the whole river is coterminous with the border between Canada and the United States . The river serves as an important transportation route connecting Lake Michigan , Huron , and Superior to the St. Lawrence Seaway and Erie Canal . When Detroit underwent rapid industrialization at the turn of the 20th century , the Detroit River became notoriously polluted and toxic . In recent years , however , the ecological importance of the river has warranted a vast restoration effort , and the river today has a wide variety of economical and recreational uses . There are numerous islands in the Detroit River , and much of the lower portion of the river is incorporated into the Detroit River International Wildlife Refuge . The portion of the river in the city of Detroit has been organized into the Detroit International Riverfront and the William G. Milliken State Park and Harbor . The Detroit River is designated an American Heritage River and a Canadian Heritage River -- the only river to have this dual designation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "76ff57ae1800d14c6d53d6a1e4e3ff0f", "text": "Metro Toronto Convention Centre Metro Toronto Convention Centre ( originally and still colloquially Metro Convention Centre , and sometimes MTCC ) , is a convention complex located in Toronto , Ontario , Canada along Front Street West in the former Railway Lands in Downtown Toronto . The property is today owned by Oxford Properties . The centre is operated by the Metropolitan Toronto Convention Centre Corporation , an independent agency of the Government of Ontario .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "9aa2ed6cd6ea98fbd5fa3aa4cfe7c293", "text": "Windsor Hotel (Cairo) The Windsor Hotel ( فندق وندسور in Arabic , Hôtel Windsor in French ) is an historic hotel in downtown Cairo , Egypt . Constructed in 1893 , it is located near Opera Square and across Alfi Bey Street from the site of the former Shepheard 's Hotel , of which it once served as an annex . During the First World War , it served as a British Officers Club , and much of its interior and furnishings date to this period . It has been called `` an unrestored ode to the days of British colonial travel . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "abfb041b3aec4a50b80e24ad72241878", "text": "United States v. Windsor United States v. Windsor , ( Docket No . ) , is a landmark civil rights case in which the United States Supreme Court held that restricting U.S. federal interpretation of `` marriage '' and `` spouse '' to apply only to opposite-sex unions , by Section 3 of the Defense of Marriage Act ( DOMA ) , is unconstitutional under the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment ; Justice Kennedy wrote : `` The federal statute is invalid , for no legitimate purpose overcomes the purpose and effect to disparage and to injure those whom the State , by its marriage laws , sought to protect in personhood and dignity . '' Edith Windsor ( born 1929 ) and Thea Spyer ( October 8 , 1931 -- February 5 , 2009 ) , a same-sex couple residing in New York , were lawfully married in Toronto , Canada , in 2007 . Later in 2008 , New York recognized their marriage following a court decision . Spyer died at the age of 77 in 2009 , leaving her entire estate to Windsor . Windsor sought to claim the federal estate tax exemption for surviving spouses . She was barred from doing so by Section 3 of DOMA ( codified at ) , which provided that the term `` spouse '' only applied to marriages between a man and woman . The Internal Revenue Service found that the exemption did not apply to same-sex marriages , denied Windsor 's claim , and compelled her to pay $ 363,053 in estate taxes . On November 9 , 2010 , Windsor sued the federal government in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York , seeking a refund because DOMA singled out legally married same-sex couples for `` differential treatment compared to other similarly situated couples without justification . '' On February 23 , 2011 , U.S. Attorney General Eric Holder announced that the Department of Justice would not defend the constitutionality of Section 3 in Windsor . On April 18 , 2011 , Paul Clement , representing the Bipartisan Legal Advisory Group ( BLAG ) , intervened to defend the law . On June 6 , 2012 , Judge Barbara S. Jones ruled that Section 3 of DOMA was unconstitutional under the due process guarantees of the Fifth Amendment and ordered the federal government to issue the tax refund , including interest . The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit , in a 2 -- 1 decision , affirmed the district court 's judgment on October 18 , 2012 . BLAG petitioned the U.S. Supreme Court to review the decision , and the Court issued a writ of certiorari in December 2012 . On March 27 , 2013 , the court heard oral arguments . On June 26 , 2013 , the U.S. Supreme Court issued a 5 -- 4 decision declaring Section 3 of DOMA to be unconstitutional `` as a deprivation of the liberty of the person protected by the Fifth Amendment . '' On the same day , the court also issued a separate 5 -- 4 decision in Hollingsworth v. Perry -- a case related to California 's constitutional amendment initiative barring same-sex marriage . The decision effectively allowed same-sex marriages in that state to resume after the court ruled that the proponents of the initiative lacked Article III standing to appeal in federal court based on its established interpretation of the case or controversy clause .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d6f44817665013608a501571d610b2d1", "text": "Old Windsor Old Windsor is a large village and civil parish adjoining the River Thames , in the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead , in Berkshire , England .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68fa3c4e60f9307dba519705dd9fd0c2", "text": "First Church of Windsor The First Church in Windsor , Connecticut is the oldest Congregational church in Connecticut . Its origin can be traced back to 1630 , when 140 men and women sailed out of Plymouth , England on the Mary & John . This was the first of 17 ships in the so-called Winthrop Fleet , bound for the Massachusetts Bay Colony . When they heard from the Indians about the fertile land along the Connecticut River in what is now called the Connecticut River Valley , a small contingent of settlers travelled southwest and established the first settlement in Connecticut at Windsor in 1633 . Word soon spread that Windsor was a good place in which to settle : in 1635 , the congregation of the First Church departed from their homes in Dorchester , Massachusetts to relocate to Connecticut .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64eba73474f407c7b2ae678d79673537", "text": "Ontario, New York Ontario is a town in the northwest corner of Wayne County , New York , United States . The population was 9,778 at the 2000 census , and 10,136 at the 2010 census . The town is named after the Great Lake on its northern border . The town has a hamlet ( and census-designated place ) , also called Ontario . Government offices for the town are located there .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af36f00cc6ee7068d63d475798da7772", "text": "Windsor Station (Montreal) Windsor Station ( Gare Windsor ) is a former railway station in Montreal , Quebec , Canada . It used to be the city 's Canadian Pacific Railway ( CPR ) station , and served as the headquarters of CPR from 1889 to 1996 . It is bordered by Avenue des Canadiens-de-Montréal to the north , Peel Street to the east , Saint Antoine Street to the south and the Bell Centre to the west . Windsor Station was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1975 , and was designated a Heritage Railway Station in 1990 , and a provincial historic monument in 2009 . The walls are gray limestone from a quarry in Montreal . Outside , the columns reach up to 7 ft wide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "48e28bb4a16833b13df3a4e9cdaac655", "text": "Queen's Park (Toronto) Queen 's Park is an urban park in Downtown Toronto , Ontario , Canada . Opened in 1860 by Edward , Prince of Wales , it was named in honour of Queen Victoria . The park is the site of the Ontario Legislative Building , which houses the Legislative Assembly of Ontario , and the phrase `` Queen 's Park '' is regularly used as a metonym for the Government of Ontario . The park is nearly an enclave of the University of Toronto , which occupies most of the surrounding lands . In 1854 , the land was leased by the University of Toronto to the City of Toronto for a 999-year term . In 1880 , a `` portion of the Queen 's Park -LSB- was -RSB- selected -LSB- and given to -RSB- the Government of Ontario , as a site for the erection of new Legislative and Departmental buildings '' . The land that is occupied by Legislative Assembly of Ontario is owned by the Government of Ontario . The north park is owned by the University of Toronto and leased to the city . Ministry buildings of the Ontario government occupy other properties to the east of the park , in an area between Wellesley Street and Grosvenor Street . While not adjacent to the park , the Royal Ontario Museum and the Gardiner Museum are located nearby .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9abfb02faaa4366bb7b0ccc8bde66f4a", "text": "Windsor-Detroit Bridge Authority The Windsor-Detroit Bridge Authority ( WDBA ; Autorité du pont Windsor-Détroit ) is the Canadian federal Crown corporation responsible for administering the construction and management of the Gordie Howe International Bridge . Once the bridge is complete , the WDBA will also set and collect the bridge tolls . Lisa Raitt , then-Minister of Transport , appointed Michael Cautillo , Mark R. McQueen , William Graham , and Caroline Mulroney Lapham as the first board of directors of the WDBA . Of the board members , Cautillo was appointed the authority 's president and CEO and McQueen was appointed chairman of the board . While recognizing that the individuals first appointed to the body on July 30 , 2014 , all had strong financial expertise , the Windsor Star noted that none of them had local ties to the Windsor region . Tom Mulcair , New Democratic Party leader and then-Leader of the Official Opposition in the Canadian Parliament , noted that three of the first four appointees were donors to the Conservative Party of Canada . On January 1 , 2016 , retired Provincial Liberal Minister Dwight Duncan was appointed to be the interim chair of the Board . On December 14 , 2016 , he was appointed to a five year term as the Board 's permanent chair .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bd5ee307ed1527d1bcc61020703d1608", "text": "County of Brant For the provincial electoral district known as `` Brant County '' , see Brant ( provincial electoral district ) . The County of Brant ( 2016 population 36,707 ) is a single-tier municipality in the Canadian province of Ontario . Despite its name , it is no longer a county by definition , as all municipal services are handled by a single level of government . The county has service offices in Burford , Paris and St. George . It is a predominantly rural municipality in Southern Ontario . The largest population centre ( 2016 population , 12,310 ) is Paris . The County is bordered by the Region of Waterloo , the City of Hamilton , Haldimand County , Norfolk County , and Oxford County . The County abuts the provincially-mandated Greenbelt ( Golden Horseshoe ) . Although the city of Brantford appears geographically to be located in the County , it is a fully independent city with its own municipal government . The Brant census division , which includes Brantford and the Six Nations and New Credit reserves , along with the County of Brant , had a population of 134,808 in the 2016 census .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f77702e4cf1d60f5c4540ff98e165b04", "text": "United Counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry The United Counties of Stormont , Dundas and Glengarry is an upper-tier municipality in the Canadian province of Ontario that comprises three historical counties and excludes the City of Cornwall and the Mohawk Nation of Akwesasne . However , both Cornwall and Akwesasne form part of a larger census division named for the United Counties of Stormont , Dundas and Glengarry . The municipality 's administrative office is located within Cornwall . The united counties border Quebec to the east and New York in the United States to the south . The sovereign Mohawk Nation of Akwesasne straddles both borders , thus including territory partly within the united counties , Quebec and New York .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc9c28f94dd921b1740236db04d600c2", "text": "Mount Royal, Quebec Mount Royal ( officially , Town of Mount Royal , abbreviated TMR ) is an affluent on-island suburban town located on the northwest side of the eponymous Mount Royal , north of Downtown Montreal , on the Island of Montreal in southwestern Quebec , Canada . It is completely surrounded by Montreal . The population was 19,503 as of the Canada 2011 Census . In 2008 , most of the Town of Mount Royal was designated a National Historic Site of Canada , as a '' -LSB- remarkable -RSB- synthesis of urban renewal movements of the early 20th century , reflecting the influence of the City Beautiful , Garden City and Garden Suburb movements '' . The town celebrated its 100th anniversary in 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28445d0b7a18010e7c1d05d4d6c20d3a", "text": "Provinces and territories of Canada Canada 's geography is divided into administrative divisions known as provinces and territories that are responsible for delivery of sub-national governance . When Canada was formed in 1867 , three provinces of British North America -- New Brunswick , Nova Scotia and the Province of Canada ( which , on the formation of Canada , was divided into Ontario and Quebec ) -- were united to form a federated colony , which eventually became a sovereign nation in the next century . Over its history , Canada 's international borders have changed several times , and the country has grown from the original four provinces to the current ten provinces and three territories . The ten provinces are Alberta , British Columbia , Manitoba , New Brunswick , Newfoundland and Labrador , Nova Scotia , Ontario , Prince Edward Island , Quebec , and Saskatchewan . Several of the provinces were former British colonies , and Quebec was originally a French colony , while others were added as Canada grew . The three territories are Northwest Territories , Nunavut , and Yukon , which govern the rest of the area of the former British North America . Together , the provinces and territories make up the world 's second-largest country by area . The major difference between a Canadian province and a territory is that provinces receive their power and authority from the Constitution Act , 1867 ( formerly called the British North America Act , 1867 ) , whereas territorial governments have powers delegated to them by the Parliament of Canada . The powers flowing from the Constitution Act are divided between the federal government and the provincial governments to exercise exclusively . A change to the division of powers between the federal government and the provinces requires a constitutional amendment , whereas a similar change affecting the territories can be performed unilaterally by the Parliament of Canada or government . In modern Canadian constitutional theory , the provinces are considered to be co-sovereign divisions and each province has its own `` Crown '' represented by the lieutenant governor . The territories are not sovereign , but simply part of the federal realm , and have a commissioner who represents the federal government . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5039d70c01fe2e32e39bfd17f55d5575", "text": "Windsor School, Chile Windsor School is a private cooperative school founded in 1959 , in Valdivia , Chile . Once bilingual , the school however promotes the study of English language with international exchange programs and an English laboratory . The Windsor School has also football , basketball , hockey , volleyball and rugby teams , and participates in the ELSA games arranged by Southern Chile 's English schools .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b952fe519f84bfc685a0d09b8d48e18", "text": "Doors Open Ottawa Doors Open Ottawa is an annual event held in the City of Ottawa , Ontario , Canada , that gives the public access to many of the city 's unique and historically significant buildings . Among the buildings included are government offices , museums , radio stations , places of worship , embassies , and historical landmarks . It is the second-oldest Doors Open event in North America ; after Doors Open Toronto . Admission is free of charge . Doors Open Ottawa has recorded nearly 850,000 visits since it began in 2002 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4461698c4f7cf0e7956b71abdca929ba", "text": "Windsor Way (Vancouver) Windsor Way is a special community street that links four parks and three elementary schools as well as a bike path in East Vancouver , Canada , which was identified as a local Greenway in the Kensington-Cedar Cottage Visioning process . As there was no funding available to turn the many blocks of this street into a local Greenway , the local community worked with the City of Vancouver planning department to implement a demonstration project called `` Blooming Boulevards '' . This demonstration project allowed residents to garden the frontages of their yards between the street and the sidewalk . This section of street contains the wires and ducts of the city , and this was the first time that gardening on these city owned frontages was allowed . The program was so successful that Blooming Boulevards are now city policy and boulevards are now gardened throughout the city .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b92acea91b607e4eb5333ded9631610", "text": "Grand River (Ontario) The Grand River ( Grande-Riviere in French and O : se Kenhionhata : tie in Mohawk ) is a large river in Southwestern Ontario , Canada . It also lies along the western fringe of the Golden Horseshoe region of Ontario which overlaps the eastern portion of southwestern Ontario along the length of this river . From its source near Wareham , Ontario , it flows south through Grand Valley , Fergus , Elora , Waterloo , Kitchener , Cambridge , Paris , Brantford , Caledonia , and Cayuga before emptying into the north shore of Lake Erie south of Dunnville at Port Maitland . One of the scenic and spectacular features of the river is the falls and Gorge at Elora . The Grand River is the largest river that is entirely within southern Ontario 's boundaries . The river owes its size to the unusual fact that its source is relatively close to the base of the Bruce Peninsula , yet it flows southwards to Lake Erie , rather than to central Lake Huron or Georgian Bay ( most southern Ontario rivers flow into the nearest Great Lake , which is why most of them are small ) , thus giving it more distance to take in more water from tributaries . The river 's rural character , ease of access and lack of portages make it a desirable canoeing location , especially the stretch between West Montrose and Paris . A number of conservation areas have been established along the river , and are managed by the Grand River Conservation Authority . The Grand Valley Trail stretches 275 km along the river 's valley between the town of Dundalk and Lake Erie . The Mohawk name for the Grand River , O : se Kenhionhata : tie means `` Willow River , '' for the many willows in the watershed . During the 18th century , the French colonists named it Grande-Rivière . It was later renamed as Ouse River by John Graves Simcoe for the River Great Ouse near his childhood home in Lincolnshire on the east coast of England . The anglicized form of the French name has remained in common use .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c0e5ac85986a1d51a0227077f5e5a62", "text": "Ojibway Prairie Complex The Ojibway Prairie Complex is a 350-hectare complex of parks and nature reserves on the west side of Windsor , Ontario , Canada . It comprises Ojibway Park , Tallgrass Prairie Heritage Park , Black Oak Heritage Park , Ojibway Prairie Provincial Nature Reserve , and the Spring Garden Natural Area . The complex should not be confused with Ojibway Provincial Park , some 1100 km away in northwestern Ontario . The Ojibway Prairie Complex includes the Ojibway Nature Centre , which administers the Ojibway Park Tallgrass , and Black Oak Heritage Park , and also offers free exhibits , public education , and summer programmes for children . Habitats at the Ojibway Prairie Complex include forests , ponds , and prairie . Ojibway is home to a wide variety of wildlife , including many species of turtles , lizards , snakes , toads , frogs , salamanders , opossums , shrews , and bats . A great variety of birds can also be seen . The complex is popular with a wide variety of visitors , particularly birdwatchers and wildlife enthusiasts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a800b618bc150c4fb12f3109748efcb4", "text": "Sault Ste. Marie Sault Ste. Marie is a cross-border region in Canada and the United States . Formerly a single settlement from 1668 to 1817 , it was subsequently divided by the establishment of the Canada -- US border in the area . The name may refer to : Sault Ste. Marie , Ontario ( pop . 74,948 ) , a city in Canada Sault Ste. Marie Canal Sault Ste. Marie ( electoral district ) , a federal electoral district in Ontario , Canada Sault Ste. Marie ( provincial electoral district ) , a provincial electoral district in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario Sault Ste. Marie , Michigan ( population 16,542 ) , a city in the United States HMCS Sault Ste. Marie ( J334 ) , a Royal Canadian Navy minesweeper during World War II", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba33a2ea31da87a42a778f736fa74561", "text": "Windsor Park, Edmonton Windsor Park is a south central neighbourhood in the City of Edmonton , Alberta , Canada . It is located immediately to the west of the University of Alberta north campus and overlooking the North Saskatchewan River valley to the north , west , and south west . It shares a short boundary with the neighbourhood of Belgravia to the south . One of the benefits to residents comes from the neighbourhood 's central location with easy access to other parts of the city provided by roads and by LRT stations located on the University of Alberta campus . Groat Road leads into the river valley and to Hawrelak Park and Emily Murphy Park , both located in the river valley immediately below the neighbourhood . Groat Road and Groat Bridge give residents access to destinations on the north side , including downtown Edmonton , Westmount Centre , and Telus World of Science . University Avenue and 87 Avenue both take residents to Whyte Avenue , and Old Strathcona . The main artery south from the university area , 114 Street , gives access to Southgate Centre and Whitemud Drive . Whitemud Drive gives residents another way to reach the north side , with this one providing good access to West Edmonton Mall . The University LRT Station and Health Sciences LRT Station , both located on the adjoining university campus , give residents another option for getting to the downtown core , as well as access to destinations in north east Edmonton , including Northlands , the Coliseum , and Commonwealth Stadium . If this were n't enough , residents live almost right on the doorstep of the Northern Alberta Jubilee Auditorium and the medical facilities provided through the University of Alberta Hospitals .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b93d798ddeafe2b11bb79d6a1eb538e3", "text": "Donnie Wahlberg Donald Edmond `` Donnie '' Wahlberg Jr. . ( born August 17 , 1969 ) is an American singer , songwriter , actor , record producer , and film producer . He is a founding member of the boy band New Kids on the Block . Outside of music , he has had roles in the Saw films , The Sixth Sense , Dreamcatcher , and Righteous Kill , also appearing in the World War II miniseries Band of Brothers as First Lieutenant Carwood Lipton . From 2002 to 2003 , he starred in the crime drama Boomtown . He has been starring in the drama series Blue Bloods as Danny Reagan with Tom Selleck ( his TV father ) and Bridget Moynahan ( his TV sister ) since 2010 , and since 2014 is an executive producer of the TNT reality television show Boston 's Finest . He was nominated for Choice Scream at the 2008 Teen Choice Awards for his work in the Saw films . He has also produced and starred in `` Rock this Boat '' , `` Donnie Loves Jenny '' and `` Return of the Mac '' on Pop TV .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "954fb124398fb6dd46f24987a37ce950", "text": "2008 Webby Awards The 12th annual 2008 Webby Awards were held on June 10 , 2008 and emceed by SNL head writer Seth Meyers and help at Cipriani , a massive banquet hall in Manhattan 's financial district . The Webby Film and Video Awards were held on June 9 at Skirball Center for the Performing Arts and were hosted by Judah Friedlander . The awards were judged by the International Academy of Digital Arts and Sciences , and winners were selected from over 10,000 entries . Lorne Michaels was honored with a lifetime achievement award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "16054a9b332caaea970d46ceaa907e6b", "text": "28th Golden Raspberry Awards The 28th Golden Raspberry Awards or Razzies were held on February 23 , 2008 , in Santa Monica , California , USA , to honor the worst films of 2007 . The nominations were announced on January 21 . In line with Razzies tradition , both the nominee announcements and ceremony preceded the corresponding Academy Awards functions by one day . The most nominated film of 2007 was I Know Who Killed Me with nine nominations , followed by I Now Pronounce You Chuck and Larry and Norbit with eight each . I Know Who Killed Me was the big winner of the evening , receiving eight awards for a new Razzie record . Eddie Murphy received a Razzie record five personal nominations , all surrounding his work ( especially his performance of multiple characters ) in Norbit . He ended up winning three awards , one for each character he portrayed . The actress Lindsay Lohan also won three awards for her dual roles in I Know Who Killed Me . The special category introduced this year was Worst Excuse for a Horror Movie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "266db1c05a1308f55888fac0b067f51a", "text": "2006 MTV Movie Awards The 2006 MTV Movie Awards were hosted by Jessica Alba and featured performances by Christina Aguilera , AFI and Gnarls Barkley . In addition to the below awards , MTV gave lifetime achievement awards to Jim Carrey ( The MTV Generation Award ) and Spike Lee ( The Silver Bucket of Excellence , for Do the Right Thing ) . MTV held its 15th annual movie awards show on Saturday , June 3 , at the Sony Pictures Studios in Culver City , California . MTV first broadcast the award show on 8 June at 9:00 pm ET . Tenth Planet Productions produced the awards , and Joel Gallen was the executive-producer and director for the 12th consecutive year . This is also the second MTV Movie Awards show to have a host win an award . The first show was in 2004 with Lindsay Lohan winning an award . The host for the MTV Movie Awards in 2006 was Jessica Alba . Christina Aguilera performed , for the very first time , her lead single of her latest release Back to Basics , `` Ai n't No Other Man '' . Pre-recorded parodies include The Da Vinci Code , Mission : Impossible III , and King Kong .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "428b10dd0438c60c4a4b728cb82d3674", "text": "Teen drama A teen drama is a genre or type of drama series with a major focus on teenage and young adult characters . It came into prominence in the early 1990s , especially with the popularity of the Fox series Beverly Hills , 90210 . After 90210 became a success , television writers and producers realized the potential for this new genre to reach out to a previously ignored demographic . In the past , most series that maintained a focus on teenagers had been sitcoms , while adolescents in drama series were usually part of a larger ensemble that included adults and children . More often than not , teen dramas have soap opera elements , incorporating one or more ongoing story arcs spanning several episodes . The young characters must deal with the dramatic ups and downs of their friendships and romances while facing an array of issues thought to be typical of adolescence . There have also been many successful teen-based series with major science fiction , fantasy and action/adventure themes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "827c92d5edbcf33d258b98a603552377", "text": "2001 MTV Movie Awards The 2001 MTV Movie Awards were held on June 2 , 2001 , and were hosted by Jimmy Fallon and Kirsten Dunst . The program featured performances from Christina Aguilera , Lil ' Kim , Mýa and Pink ( Moulin Rouge ! ) , Dave Matthews Band and Weezer . Sofia Coppola was presented with an award for Best New Filmmaker . This was Aaliyah 's last appearance at the Movie Awards before her death two months later in a plane crash in the Bahamas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "752227b3b7a63d61f5f2d679802fae77", "text": "Golden Boot Awards The Golden Boot Awards is an American acknowledgment of achievement honoring actors , actresses , and crew members who have made significant contributions to the genre of Western television and movies . The award is sponsored and presented by the Motion Picture & Television Fund . Money raised at the award banquet is used to help finance various services offered by the Fund to those in the entertainment industry . Actor Pat Buttram conceived the idea of the Golden Boot Award , and the first ones were presented in 1983 . The awards appear to have been discontinued since 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ed0071482bbfb4a5b13c38c263d3d2ec", "text": "2014 Teen Choice Awards The 2014 Teen Choice Awards ceremony was held on August 10 , 2014 at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles . The event was originally scheduled to take place at the UCLA Pauley Pavilion , which was flooded by a broken water pipe on July 29 , 2014 near the campus . It was broadcast on Fox at 8:00 -- 10:00 pm ET live/PT tape-delayed . The awards celebrate the year 's achievements in music , film , television , sports , fashion , comedy , and the Internet , and were voted on by viewers aged 13 through 19 . Selena Gomez was awarded the Ultimate Choice Award during the show . One Direction were the biggest winners of the night , winning all ten awards they were nominated for ( including an award given out to Harry Styles and one dedicated to their fans ) . The Fault in Our Stars won all seven of its nominations as well , including four awards for Ansel Elgort .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fddff19ac1068b5226e0b5f2075a65cf", "text": "List of teen films Teen film is a film genre targeted at teenagers and young adults in which the plot is based upon the special interests of teenagers and young adults , such as coming of age , first love , rebellion , conflict with parents , teen angst , and alienation . Some of these films are targeted at adults as well as teenagers . Teen films have been a trope of the cinema industry for decades since the 1950s . At this time , the film industry saw a greater market for teens with more disposable income and therefore more money to spend on leisure activities , largely going to films . Because of the boom in teen viewers , drive-in movie theaters were also very popular . However , even the silent era had teen films . Recently , online streaming services such as Netflix have created a resurgence in the `` tween '' and teenage-oriented film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ddf51ba6daebaca6eefca61f71babc37", "text": "The Family That Preys The Family That Preys is a 2008 American movie drama written , produced , and directed by Tyler Perry . The screenplay focuses on two families , one wealthy and the other working class , whose lives are intertwined in both love and business . The movie is the second of four in which Perry 's signature character , Madea , does not make an appearance . It is also the second Perry-directed film ( alongside Daddy 's Little Girls ) that is not based on any of the filmmaker 's stage plays .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "50c4a64d5d895e42b0ef8e54e0fd9236", "text": "Wanted (2008 film) Wanted is a 2008 American-German action thriller film loosely based on the comic book miniseries of the same name by Mark Millar and J. G. Jones . The film , written by Chris Morgan , Michael Brandt , and Derek Haas and directed by Timur Bekmambetov stars James McAvoy , Morgan Freeman , and Angelina Jolie . The storyline follows Wesley Gibson ( McAvoy ) , a frustrated account manager who discovers that he is the son of a professional assassin and decides to join the Fraternity , a secret society in which his father worked . Universal Studios acquired the adaptation rights from Millar in 2004 , and while the eventual script drifted from the comic book supervillain mythos in the original miniseries , Millar was content to see most of the comic 's darker content was retained . Production began in April 2007 , with filming in the Czech Republic , Budapest , and the story 's main setting , Chicago . Wanted was released in June 2008 to both critical and commercial success , with box office earnings of $ 341 million worldwide and reviews praising the fast pacing and stylized action scenes . A sequel was planned the same year as the film 's release , but ultimately stalled in the development phase .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57a4179df61e794bc018be111d756bff", "text": "Kings of South Beach Kings of South Beach is a film written by Nicholas Pileggi about an infamous operator of nightclubs in the South Beach section of Miami Beach , Florida . The lead character is portrayed by Jason Gedrick ; his best friend is portrayed by Donnie Wahlberg . The film premiered on March 12 , 2007 on the A&E Network .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "397e0847a96055279a8d81151860011a", "text": "List of 2008 box office number-one films in the United States This is a list of films which have placed number one at the weekend box office in the United States during 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a96fed149591ca6f0cff27eb1f1498bd", "text": "List of accolades received by Dallas Buyers Club Dallas Buyers Club is a 2013 American biographical drama film directed by Jean-Marc Vallée based on a screenplay written by Craig Borten and Melisa Wallack . Matthew McConaughey stars as Ron Woodroof , an AIDS patient who smuggles unapproved AIDS drug treatments into Texas and establishes the titular club where he distributes them amongst other AIDS sufferers whilst opposed by the Food and Drug Administration . Jared Leto and Jennifer Garner feature in supporting roles . Dallas Buyers Club premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 7 , 2013 . Focus Features initially gave the film a limited release at nine theaters on November 1 before expanding it on November 22 to over 600 theaters in the United States and Canada . The film grossed a worldwide total of over $ 55 million on a production budget of $ 5 million . Rotten Tomatoes , a review aggregator , surveyed 234 reviews and judged 94 % to be positive . Dallas Buyers Club garnered awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for the performances of actors , McConaughey and Leto . At the 86th Academy Awards , the film received six nominations , including Best Picture , Best Original Screenplay , Best Actor for McConaughey , and Best Supporting Actor for Leto . McConaughey and Leto went on to win their respective categories -- only the fifth film in Oscars history to win both awards . Hairstylist Adruitha Lee , and makeup artist Robin Mathews won for Best Makeup and Hairstyling . Mathews ' makeup budget for the film was only $ 250 . At the 71st Golden Globe Awards , McConaughey won for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Drama , and Leto won for Best Supporting Actor -- Motion Picture . At the Screen Actors Guild Awards the film had three nominations ; winning Best Actor for McConaughey and Best Supporting Actor for Leto . Borten and Wallack 's screenplay was also nominated for Best Original Screenplay at the Writers Guild of America Awards . The National Board of Review named Dallas Buyers Club one of the top ten independent films of 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06bee763ab88bf322c23edce2ef326cd", "text": "Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards 2014 The 20th Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards honoring the best in film for 2014 were announced on December 15 , 2014 . These awards `` recognizing extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association ( DFWFCA ) , based in the Dallas -- Fort Worth metroplex region of Texas . The organization , founded in 1990 , includes 30 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications based in north Texas . The Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association began presenting its annual awards list in 1993 . Birdman was the DFWFCA 's most awarded film of 2014 , taking five top honors . Birdman won in Best Picture , Best Actor ( Michael Keaton ) , Best Director ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu ) , Best Cinematography ( Emmanuel Lubezki ) , and Best Screenplay ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu , Nicolás Giacobone , Alexander Dinelaris Jr. , and Armando Bo ) . Another film , Boyhood , earned multiple 2014 honors from the DFWFCA . The coming-of-age tale received top honors in the Best Supporting Actress ( Patricia Arquette ) as well as being presented the Russell Smith Award as the `` best low-budget or cutting-edge independent film '' of the year . The award is named in honor of late Dallas Morning News film critic Russell Smith . Reese Witherspoon was named Best Actress for her role as Cheryl Strayed in Wild . The other films earning honors were Sweden 's Force Majeure for Best Foreign Language Film , Citizenfour as Best Documentary Film , and The Lego Movie for Best Animated Film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1445773c08da50707979a85167e4edf4", "text": "Houston Film Critics Society Awards 2010 The 4th Houston Film Critics Society Awards were presented on December 18 , 2010 . These awards for `` extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Houston Film Critics Society ( HFCS ) based in Houston , Texas . The organization , founded in 2007 , includes 22 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications in the greater Houston area . The awards are co-sponsored by the Houston Film Commission , Southwest Alternate Media Project , Women in Film and Television/Houston , WorldFest , and the Houston Cinema Arts Society . The nominations for the 2010 awards were announced on December 12 , 2010 . Eligible films do not need to have played or opened in a Houston film theater prior to the nomination deadline , merely made available to the HFCS membership at a screening or on DVD . Along with the 13 `` best of '' category awards , this year also saw the introduction of a new category for `` Worst Movies of the Year '' . The Social Network , True Grit , and 127 Hours each received six nominations , all including the Best Picture , Actor , Direction , and Original Score categories . The Social Network was the HFCS 's most awarded film of 2010 taking top honors in the Best Picture , Best Director ( David Fincher ) , Best Actor ( Jesse Eisenberg ) , and Best Screenplay ( Aaron Sorkin ) categories . Inception was the only other film to garner multiple awards , winning both the Best Original Score ( Hans Zimmer ) and Best Cinematography ( Wally Pfister ) prizes . The other acting awards went to Natalie Portman as Best Actress for Black Swan , Hailee Steinfeld as Best Supporting Actress for True Grit , and Christian Bale as Best Supporting Actor for The Fighter . The remaining film honors went to Toy Story 3 as Best Animated Film , Restrepo as Best Documentary , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo as Best Foreign Language Film . `` We Are Sex Bob-Omb '' by Beck from Scott Pilgrim vs. the World was named the Best Original Song . The HFCS 's first-ever award for `` Worst Picture '' was given to Jonah Hex starring Josh Brolin . In addition to the category awards , the HFCS presented their annual Lifetime Achievement Award to Sissy Spacek and its Humanitarian Award to George Clooney . Clooney was selected for `` selflessly using his celebrity for greater good '' . The HFCS award for Outstanding Achievement in Cinema awards were presented to Charles Dove , director of the Rice University Media Center , and Hector Luna , the founder and editor of C-47 Houston .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa01a28988dd862190f41d40ce54fe35", "text": "Dirty Dancing (song) `` Dirty Dancing '' is the third overall single from New Kids on the Block 's 2008 album , The Block . It was produced by RedOne . The lead vocals were sung by Jordan Knight and Donnie Wahlberg .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b10e9afb6d9a95ed56bf52dcdd8261c", "text": "Donnie Darko (soundtrack) The Donnie Darko soundtrack was created by Michael Andrews and released in 2002 . It consisted of 16 instrumental tracks and two covers of `` Mad World '' by Tears for Fears .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "17f63184e1642cec628bc8660f185454", "text": "Naomi Clark Naomi Clark , played by AnnaLynne McCord , is a fictional character from the CW primetime drama 90210 , the fourth series of the Beverly Hills , 90210 franchise . The character was created by Rob Thomas , Gabe Sachs , and Jeff Judah , with later developments by Rebecca Sinclair , and occasional input from McCord . During early stages of production , Naomi was largely described as a privileged and popular teenager . Prior to the series ' premiere , Sachs and Judah would further develop Naomi into an antiheroine with a number of flaws , virtues , and familial issues . In the second season , Sinclair , the new show-runner , maintained the previous developments but presented a more comedic take on the character . McCord has expressed fondness for the multi-faceted nature of the role , citing it as a factor in her decision to accept the part . Often regarded as the show 's central figure , Naomi has received critical acclaim from the Los Angeles Times , Entertainment Weekly , People magazine , and other media outlets . Reviews have praised AnnaLynne McCord 's performance and the complexity of the role . Conversely , Naomi has also been a recipient of criticism , particularly during the second season . For her work in the role , McCord was nominated for a Teen Choice Award in 2009 , and won a Breakthrough of the Year Award in 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "890cb53e5414a6e5217cdd7fc4f71c3f", "text": "List of awards and nominations received by Angelina Jolie The following is a list of awards and nominations received by American actress and filmmaker Angelina Jolie . She received three Golden Globe Awards , two Screen Actors Guild Awards , and an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her portrayals of First Lady of Alabama Cornelia Wallace in George Wallace ( 1997 ) , troubled supermodel Gia Carangi in Gia ( 1998 ) , and a sociopathic mental patient in Girl , Interrupted ( 1999 ) . Her later performances as Mariane Pearl in A Mighty Heart ( 2007 ) and Christine Collins in Changeling ( 2008 ) earned her additional nominations , including for an Academy Award for Best Actress . For her work in the action films Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow ( 2004 ) , Mr. and Mrs. Smith ( 2005 ) , Wanted ( 2008 ) , and The Tourist ( 2010 ) , Jolie received awards based on popular votes , including an MTV Movie Award , two People 's Choice Awards , and four Teen Choice Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e48607221dc7fedcafb374986dab3b49", "text": "2008 Australian Film Institute Awards The 50th Annual Australian Film Institute Awards for film and television acting achievement in the cinema of Australia in 2008 were presented in a ceremony on 5 -- 6 December 2008 . During the ceremony , the Australian Film Institute presented Australian Film Institute Awards ( commonly referred to as AFI Awards ) in 40 categories including feature films , television , animation and documentaries . It was hosted by Stephen Curry of TV1 's The King . The nominees for Best Documentary , Best Short Fiction Film and Best Short Animation were announced on 7 August whilst all the other nominees were announced at the Nominations Announcement in Sydney on 29 October . The Black Balloon had the most nominations with a total of 11 including Best Film .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "6867545e46e2e83a20ce7c1112f55de9", "text": "Alexander Lukashenko Aleksandr Grigoryevich Lukashenko ( Алякса́ндр Рыго́равіч Лукашэ́нка , Aliaksandr Ryhoravič Lukašenka , Алекса́ндр Григо́рьевич Лукаше́нко born 30 August 1954 ) is the President of Belarus , in office since 20 July 1994 . Before his career as a politician , Lukashenko worked as director of a state-owned agricultural farm and spent time with the Soviet Border Troops and the Soviet Army . He was the only deputy to vote against the independence of Belarus from the Soviet Union . Lukashenko opposed Western-backed `` shock therapy '' during the post-Soviet transition . He has retained Soviet-era policies , such as continued state ownership of key industries , despite objections from Western governments . Observers also contend that Lukashenko presides over a regime steeped in Soviet nostalgia . Belarus has been labeled `` Europe 's last dictatorship '' by some Western journalists , on account of Lukashenko 's self-described authoritarian style of government . Lukashenko and other Belarusian officials are also the subject of sanctions imposed by the European Union and the United States for human rights violations off and on since 2006 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f3d4cff0ab95d325374872b0594f4b96", "text": "President of Belarus The office of President of Belarus is the head of state of Belarus . The office was created in 1994 with the passing of the Constitution of Belarus by the Supreme Soviet . This replaced the office of Chairman of the Supreme Soviet as the head of state . The tasks of the president including executing foreign and domestic policy , defend the rights and general welfare of citizens and residents and to uphold the Constitution . The president is mandated by the Constitution to serve as a leader in the social affairs of the country and to act as its main representative abroad . The duties , responsibilities and other transitional clauses dealing with the presidency are listed in Chapter Three , Articles 79 through 89 , of the Constitution . The term for the president is five years , but due to a 1996 referendum , the election that was supposed to occur in 1999 was pushed back to 2001 . Under the 1994 constitution , the president could only serve for two terms as president , but due to a change in the constitution , term limits were eliminated . During the course of the office , elections were held in 1994 , 2001 , 2006 , 2010 and on 11 October 2015 . Alexander Lukashenko has been the only person who has served as president since the elections in 1994 . The Presidential office is located in the Republic Palace in Minsk , while the presidential residence is located in Zaslawye , Minsk District .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "6e50f363da46b27bb473972a94185b4d", "text": "Government of Russia The Government of the Russia ( exercises executive power in the Russian Federation . The members of the government are the Prime Minister , the deputy prime ministers , and the federal ministers . It has its legal basis in the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the federal constitutional law `` On the Government the Russian Federation '' . According to the 1991 amendment to the 1978 Russian Constitution , the President of Russia was the head of the executive branch and headed the Council of Ministers of Russia . According to the current 1993 Constitution of Russia , the President is not a part of the Government of Russia , which exercises executive power . But , the President does appoint the Prime Minister . The Chapter 6 of the Constitution of Russia says , that `` The Government of the Russian Federation consists of the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation ( Prime Minister ) , Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation and federal ministries '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe559d0b03c2f3ba3411f15a1ca3fb51", "text": "Radio 101.2 (Belarus) Radio 101.2 was a radio station in the Belarusian capital of Minsk . In 1995 and 1996 the radio station , which is at the frequency 101.2 , was broadcasting news and was not affiliated with the national government . Soros Foundation helped to buy the equipment for newly started radio in 1995 . The station was closed on formally technical reasons and was transferred over to the Belarusian Republican Youth Union , who still uses the radio today . The government has claimed that the station , and its frequency , was interfering with the radio communications of the Minsk police force . Independent groups claimed that this was another method by the government of Alexander Lukashenko to suppress the freedom of the press inside of Belarus .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "02bd5388060ae1ce745b852a6df1b8ab", "text": "Our Ukraine Our Ukraine ( Ukrainian : Наша Україна -- Nasha Ukraina or Nasha Ukrayina ) is a popular political name in Ukraine during the Orange Revolution . It may refer to : Reforms and Order Party ( before 2005 ) Our Ukraine ( political party ) ( after 2005 ) Our Ukraine Bloc for the Ukrainian parliamentary election , 2006 for the Ukrainian parliamentary election , 2002 , Bloc of Viktor Yushchenko `` Our Ukraine '' for the Ukrainian parliamentary election , 2007 , Our Ukraine -- People 's Self-Defense Bloc Category : Politics of Ukraine", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c8dbb3ba941b32a6d83585d1c2ab93d", "text": "Yekhanurov government The first Yekhanurov Government was appointed after the first Tymoshenko Government was sacked amid resignations and corruption claims . Twelve days later the Ukrainian Parliament rejecting Ukrainian President Viktor Yushchenko choice of Yuri Yekhanurov for Prime Minister . Yekhanurov was three votes short of the 226 needed for approval with three out of 52 deputies from the Regions faction voting for Yekhanurov . On September 22 , 2005 the Ukrainian parliament did approved Yekhanurov appointment with 289 votes . This time all the Parliamentarians of the Party of Regions faction of losing presidential candidate ( in 2004 ) Viktor Yanukovych backed the appointment . This shortly after a `` Memorandum Of Understanding Between The Authorities And The Opposition '' was signed by Yekhanurov , Yushchenko and Yanukovych . Yekhanurov government lost a vote of no confidence on January 10 , 2006 but stayed in power until the parliamentary election two months later .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "60c0a47d13bf4386d3076ae55409a00d", "text": "Mariusz Maszkiewicz Mariusz Maszkiewicz ( born in Iława on May 31 , 1959 ) , is a doctor of human sciences , a diplomat , publicist , sociologist and economist . He has authored many articles covering diverse sociological issues , as well as studies into religions and international relations . He read sciences from 1981 to 1989 in the Jagiellonian University of Kraków . During his time there , he became involved in the underground freedom movement that flourished in Poland at that time , and led the Wolność i Pokój ( Freedom and Peace ) organisation between 1986 and 1990 . Unlike many ` underground ' pro-democracy groups , who kept out of public scrutiny to avoid repercussions from the government , members of Wolność i Pokój had an open strategy and strove to make themselves -- - and their opposition to totalitarian rule -- unavoidably visible : they climbed up rooftops , went on hunger strikes , and openly spurned the military , sending back their draft papers . Mariusz continued to play a role in the public domain after the first free elections were instated in Poland in 1991 . Between 1991 and 1994 , he served as an aide-de-camp for the first government , and also served as an advisor on Lithuanian matters . Thereafter , he founded the first Polish consular office in Belarus , located in the city of Hrodno . From 1998 to 2002 he was also Polish ambassador to Belarus . Mariusz was arrested on March 24 , 2006 , alongside hundreds of others , for protesting against the re-election of Belarusian president Alexander Lukashenko , a vote that Western observers claim was fraudulent . Mariusz was hospitalised soon after his arrest , with heart problems , and claims that he was subjected to ` unmerciful ' beatings whilst being transported to his isolation cell . Since 2007 Maszkiewicz works for the government , now vice-director of the Eastern Policy Department in the Polish MFA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5edf052b37f0e0281290e11b5c1917e6", "text": "Politics of France The politics of France take place with the framework of a semi-presidential system determined by the French Constitution of the French Fifth Republic . The nation declares itself to be an `` indivisible , secular , democratic , and social Republic '' . The constitution provides for a separation of powers and proclaims France 's `` attachment to the Rights of Man and the principles of national sovereignty as defined by the Declaration of 1789 . '' The political system of France consists of an executive branch , a legislative branch , and a judicial branch . Executive power is exercised by the President of the Republic and the Government . The Government consists of the Prime Minister and ministers . The Prime Minister is appointed by the President , and is responsible to Parliament . The government , including the Prime Minister , can be revoked by the National Assembly , the lower house of Parliament , through a `` censure motion '' ; this ensures that the Prime Minister is always supported by a majority of the lower house ( which , on most topics , has prominence over the upper house ) . Parliament comprises the National Assembly and the Senate . It passes statutes and votes on the budget ; it controls the action of the executive through formal questioning on the floor of the houses of Parliament and by establishing commissions of inquiry . The constitutionality of the statutes is checked by the Constitutional Council , members of which are appointed by the President of the Republic , the President of the National Assembly , and the President of the Senate . Former presidents of the Republic also are members of the Council . The independent judiciary is based upon civil law system which evolved from the Napoleonic codes . It is divided into the judicial branch ( dealing with civil law and criminal law ) and the administrative branch ( dealing with appeals against executive decisions ) , each with their own independent supreme court of appeal : the Court of Cassation for the judicial courts and the Conseil d'Etat for the administrative courts . The French government includes various bodies that check abuses of power and independent agencies . France is a unitary state . However , its administrative subdivisions -- regions , departments and communes -- have various legal functions , and the national government is prohibited from intruding into their normal operations . France was a founding member of the European Coal and Steel Community , later the European Union . As such , France has transferred part of its sovereignty to European institutions , as provided by its constitution . The French government therefore has to abide by European treaties , directives and regulations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc4f347dde5a852b27879ecfc3f402c1", "text": "United Nations resolutions on Abkhazia The Security Council of the United Nations passed 32 resolutions where it recognizes Abkhazia as an integral part of Georgia and supports its territorial integrity according to the principles of the international law . The UN is urging both sides to settle the Georgian -- Abkhazian conflict through peaceful means by intensifying diplomatic dialogue and ratifying the final accord about the status of Abkhazia in the Georgian Constitution . Moreover , United nations calls for immediate return of all expelled ethnic Georgians ( approximately 250,000 ) and determining the final status of Abkhazia as maximum autonomy or federative structure within the borders of the Georgian state . The resolutions also commend Russia 's role as a peacekeeper and facilitator towards a resolution of the conflict . Resolution 1716 also urges Georgia to ensure that no troops are present in the Kodori Gorge and asks Georgia to refrain from provocative actions in the Kodori Gorge . Many of the resolutions relate to the establishment and extension of the United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia . On May 15 , 2008 , the United Nations General Assembly adopted a non-binding resolution recognising the right of all refugees ( including victims of reported `` ethnic cleansing '' ) to return to Abkhazia and their property rights . It `` regretted '' the attempts to alter pre-war demographic composition and called for the `` rapid development of a timetable to ensure the prompt voluntary return of all refugees and internally displaced persons to their homes . '' The following are United Nations resolutions adopted by the Security Council with regards to Abkhazia : United Nations Security Council Resolution 849 ( July 9 , 1993 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 854 ( August 6 , 1993 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 858 ( August 24 , 1993 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 876 ( October 19 , 1993 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 881 ( November 4 , 1993 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 892 ( December 22 , 1993 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 896 ( January 31 , 1994 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 901 ( March 4 , 1994 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 906 ( March 25 , 1994 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 934 ( June 30 , 1994 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 937 ( July 21 , 1994 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 971 ( January 12 , 1995 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 993 ( May 12 , 1995 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1036 ( January 12 , 1996 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1065 ( July 12 , 1996 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1077 ( October 22 , 1996 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1096 ( January 30 , 1997 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1124 ( July 30 , 1997 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1150 ( January 30 , 1998 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1187 ( July 30 , 1998 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1225 ( January 28 , 1999 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1255 ( July 30 , 1999 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1287 ( January 31 , 2000 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1311 ( July 28 , 2000 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1339 ( January 31 , 2001 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1364 ( July 31 , 2001 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1393 ( January 31 , 2002 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1427 ( July 29 , 2002 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1462 ( January 30 , 2003 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1494 ( July 30 , 2003 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1524 ( January 30 , 2004 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1554 ( July 29 , 2004 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1582 ( January 28 , 2005 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1615 ( July 29 , 2005 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1656 ( January 31 , 2006 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1716 ( October 13 , 2006 ) ; UN Security Council Resolution 1752 ( April 13 , 2007 ) ; UN Security Council Resolution 1781 ( October 15 , 2007 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1808 ( April 15 , 2008 ) ; UN General Assembly Resolution GA/10708 ( May 15 , 2008 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "385fffaec4428d5097a9bb2e40a4f73c", "text": "Governor (Russia) The highest official of the subject of the Russian Federation or the holder of the highest office of subject of the Russian Federation or the head of the highest executive body of state power of the subject of the Russian Federation , colloquially and collectively referred to as the title governor ( губернатор - gubernator ) or head of region ( глава региона - glava regiona ) , is the head and the chief executive of each the federal subjects of Russia , not directly subordinate to the federal authorities , but the political and ceremonial head of the federal subject , all of which are equal constituent entities of Russia . The office is defined by the Constitution of Russia and Chapters 1 , 3 and 4 of Russia 's Federal Law No. 184-FZ `` On the General Principles of the Organization Of the Legislative ( Representative ) and Executive Organs Of State Power of the Subjects of the Russian Federation '' which came into force in 1999 . According to the current revision of the Russian Constitution , the Russian Federation consists of 85 federal subjects therefore there are 85 offices of head of region in Russia ( see List of current heads of federal subjects of Russia ) . The certain title of office is defined by the federal subject 's Constitution or Charter . The names include : governor , president ( президент - president ) , head of administration ( глава администрации - glava administratsii ) , head of republic ( глава республики - glava respubliki ) , mayor ( мэр - mer ) , non-officially and collectively referred to as governors for short . The official title governor is most used in Russia and traditionally it is used in Oblasts of Russia . Presidents of Russia 's republics , mayor of Moscow and mayor of St. Petersburg are also governors in this sense . A head of the subject in Russia is said to serve a administration or executive office , colloquially referred to as gubernatorial administration .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a5540dbc1738e854f7df9425c5b2c99", "text": "Belorusy i rynok Belorusy i rynok ( Белорусы и рынок , -LSB- bʲɛləˈrusɨ ɪ ˈrʲnək -RSB- ) is the main business weekly newspaper published in Belarus . The newspaper was founded in 1990 under the name Belorusskij rynok ( Белорусский рынок , The Belarusian Market ) and was one of the first private media in Belarus . In 2005 the newspaper had to change its name following a decree of president Lukashenka that forbid usage of the words National and Belarusian in names of organisations and newspapers . Current chief editor is Viačasłaŭ Chadasoŭski . The newspaper is published mainly in Russian language .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "222a7a3550ea2869a942f4ab95547683", "text": "Prime Minister of Finland The Prime Minister ( pääministeri , literally translated as Head Minister , Swedish : statsminister , literally translated as Minister of State ) is the Head of Government of Finland . The Prime Minister is appointed by the President , who is the Head of State . The current Prime Minister is Juha Sipilä of the Centre Party .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e7a0cc43b905384756b3efa1dd1be1ac", "text": "Gorky Park (Minsk) Gorky Park ( Парк Горкага , Цэнтральны дзіцячы парк імя Максіма Горкага , Maksim Gorky Central Children 's Park ) is a public park in Minsk , Belarus . In is located near the Victory Square and the Yanka Kupala Park . The park was established in 1800 under the name Governor 's Garden . During the Soviet times it was renamed '' парк культуры і адпачынку імя Максіма Горкага '' ( Park of culture and recreation after A.M.Gorky ) after the famous Russian/Soviet writer Maksim Gorky . Parks with this name have been established in many cities of the Soviet Union . A part of the park 's territory is occupied by an amusement park with a 56 meter high Ferris wheel . It also has an educational observatory with planetarium . The Ice Palace ( indoor skating rink ) is also located in Gorky Park . President Lukashenko , known for his hobby of ice hockey , frequents this place , at which times the access to this part of the park is closed for general public .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef362beaf2c2390a613c7e617e841c04", "text": "Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic Uzbekistan ( -LSB- ʊzˈbɛkᵻˌstæn , _ - ˌstɑːn -RSB- , -LSB- ʊzˌbɛkᵻˈstɑːn , _ ʌz - , _ - ˈstæn -RSB- ) is the common English name for the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic ( Uzbek SSR ; Ўзбекистон Совет Социалистик Республикаси , Oʻzbekiston Sovet Sotsialistik Respublikasi ; Узбекская Советская Социалистическая Республика , Uzbekskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika ) and later , the Republic of Uzbekistan ( Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi , Ўзбекистон Республикаси ) that refers to the period of Uzbekistan from 1924 to 1991 . as one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union . It was governed by the Uzbek branch of the Soviet Communist Party , the only legal political party , from 1925 until 1990 . From 1990 to 1991 , it was the sovereign part of the Soviet Union with its own legislation . Sometimes , that period can be also referred to as Soviet Uzbekistan . Beginning 20 June 1990 , Uzbek SSR adopted the Declaration of State Sovereignty within its borders . Islam Karimov became the republic 's inaugural president . On 31 August 1991 , the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic was renamed the Republic of Uzbekistan '' ' and declared independence three months before the Soviet Union 's dissolution on 26 December 1991 . A doubly landlocked Soviet republic in Central Asia . Uzbekistan was bordered by Kazakhstan to the north ; Tajikistan to the southeast ; Kirghizia to the northeast ; Afghanistan to the south ; and Turkmenistan to the southwest .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bd7228fe5fac23a3f7f93d639c98be9a", "text": "2006 Russian ban of Moldovan and Georgian wines The 2006 Russian import ban of Moldovan and Georgian wines began in late March 2006 and created a diplomatic conflict between the Republic of Moldova and Georgia on the one hand and Russia on the other . Wine trade with Russia is responsible for 80-90 % of the total wine exports in both countries . The Chief Sanitary Inspector of Russia Gennadiy Onishchenko claimed that heavy metals and pesticides had been found in Georgian and Moldovan wines and that they were falsified alcoholic products labeled as wines . The Russian Consumer Agency claimed that it had examined 21 sorts of Georgian wine sold in Moscow and concluded that 85.7 % did not comply with sanitary requirements . Pesticides were discovered in 60 % samples of Moldovan and 44 % samples of Georgian wine . However , the Moldovans claimed that no proof was provided by the Russians and that dozens of countries across the world imported Moldovan wines without any reported problems . Moldova argued that the ban amounted to economic blackmail . Seven Georgian wineries were later closed down after the government revision revealed that they had produced falsified wine . In May 2005 , Georgian Defense Minister Irakli Okruashvili stated that `` many -LSB- Georgian -RSB- wine producers exported falsified wine to Russia , because Russia is a market where you can sell even turds '' . Okruashvili thought that Russia 's decision to ban the import of Georgian wines `` was not a surprise '' for Tbilisi . Russia accounted for 80 % of Georgian wine sales , and the ban became a `` big blow '' to the industry . Georgian producers swiftly admitted that wines were regularly faked . Prior to the ban , the Georgian government closed down several testing laboratories in Georgia , and several wineries were made to dump their product . Seven Georgian wineries were closed down after the government revision revealed that they had produced falsified wine . Production of falsified wine in Georgia for the rapidly expanding Russian market had been `` big business for the last decade '' according to the Western press . The ban on wine imports came at a time of worsening relations between the countries . The differences involved the Rose Revolution and pro-NATO/pro-EU moves in Georgia and a divergence of the Russian and Moldovan positions regarding the future of Transnistria . A year earlier , the Russian Duma had demanded a ban on Moldovan wine imports , because Moldova was considered to pursue anti-Russian policies . EU 's external relations commissioner , Benita Ferrero-Waldner stated that the EU was worried about what she called an `` embargo '' against Moldova , but the EU could n't take any measures since Russia was not a member of the World Trade Organization . The president of NATO Parliamentary Assembly Pierre Lellouche also said , on May 5 , he was deeply concerned about the Russian ban on Georgian products . From 5 May to 6 May 2006 , the Russian government also banned the import of Borjomi and Nabeglavi , two popular brands of Georgian mineral water . The government claimed that it was a health hazard since it failed to meet water purity standards . The Georgian government responded by stating that the action was an expansion of the wine embargo and a part of a political campaign to punish the country for pro-Western policies , a claim President Mikheil Saakashvili of Georgia reiterated at the Conference on Common Vision for Common Neighborhood held in Vilnius , Lithuania , from May 1 to 4 , and attended also by the presidents of the three Baltic states , Poland , Ukraine , Moldova , Romania , Bulgaria and the United States Vice-President Richard Cheney . Neither the Georgian or Moldovan wines , nor the Borjomi or Nabeglavi mineral waters had been banned nor restricted in any other country besides Russia . One Russian expert has also criticized the Russian ban on `` Borjomi '' . The drink ban appeared to exacerbate tensions between Russia and the Government of Georgia . The 2008 South Ossetia war would occur later that year . Following the conflict , Georgia also withdrew from the Commonwealth of Independent States ( CIS ) , a bloc of several post-Soviet countries . Georgian wines are currently ( 2013 ) sold in over 50 countries , including Ukraine , which became the key market after the Russian ban . However , sales fell sharply , to about one third of what Georgia exported prior to the ban .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6dec64e8ee42f929e9cabde2a09f8f92", "text": "President of Macedonia The President of the Republic of Macedonia is the head of state of the Republic of Macedonia . The institution of the Presidency of the modern Republic of Macedonia began after the Macedonian declaration of independence on 8 September 1991 . Its first president was Kiro Gligorov , the oldest president in the world until his resignation in 1999 . The Macedonian presidency is largely a ceremonial post and the Prime Minister of Macedonia is the country 's leading political figure and de facto chief executive . The president must be a citizen of the Republic of Macedonia , be over 40 years of age and have lived in Macedonia for at least ten of the previous fifteen years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b0adec308eab828b2e1a85652906f036", "text": "Head of the Republic of Mordovia The position of the Head of the Republic of Mordovia ( formerly known as the President of the Republic of Mordovia ) is the highest office within the Government of the Republic of Mordovia in Russia . The Head is elected by citizens of Russia residing in the republic . Term of service is five years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "25dd6411ae0e7418450b45dc9b9828c1", "text": "Liberal Democratic Party of Ukraine The Liberal Democratic Party of Ukraine ( Ліберально-демократична партія України Liberal ` no Demokratuyčna Partiya Ukrayiny ) is a political party in Ukraine registered in July 1992 . As an organization , the party traces its history to 1989 as the Ukrainian branch of Liberal Democratic Party of the Soviet Union and was based on the People 's Union in Support of Reforms ( Perestroika ) . In fall of 1990 it split and its Kiev branch ( Kiev Liberal Democratic Union ) later joined the Party of Democratic Revival of Ukraine . At the parliamentary elections 1998 the party was part of the European choice of Ukraine alliance , at the parliamentary elections 2002 the party was part of the Team of Winter Generation alliance . Both alliances won a marginal number of votes and no seats . At 3 March 2006 the party announced at its website that it will not take part in the parliamentary elections on 26 March 2006 because of `` regional egoism '' . The party did not participate in the Ukrainian parliamentary elections of 2006 and 2007 . In the 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election the party competed in/for 1 constituency ( seat ) ; but it did not won this constituency and thus missed parliamentary representation . The party did not participate in the 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d475b03daff60609565ec6d715d2883", "text": "Commonwealth of Independent States The Commonwealth of Independent States ( CIS ; -LSB- Содружество Независимых Государств , СНГ , r = Sodruzhestvo Nezavisimykh Gosudarstv , SNG -RSB- ) , also called the Russian Commonwealth ( to distinguish it from the British Commonwealth of Nations ) , is a regional organization formed during the dissolution of the Soviet Union . Nine out of the 15 former Soviet Republics are member states , and two are associate members ( Ukraine and Turkmenistan ) . Georgia withdrew its membership in 2008 , while the Baltic states , which regard their membership in the Soviet Union as an illegal occupation , ( Estonia , Lithuania and Latvia ) chose not to participate . The CIS has few supranational powers but aims to be more than a purely symbolic organization , nominally possessing coordinating powers in the realms of trade , finance , lawmaking , and security . It has also promoted cooperation on cross-border crime prevention . Furthermore , eight of the nine CIS member states participate in the CIS Free Trade Area . Three organizations are under the overview of the CIS , namely the Collective Security Treaty Organization , the Eurasian Economic Union ( alongside subdivisions , the Eurasian Customs Union and the Eurasian Economic Space , which comprises territory inhabited by over 180 million people ) , and the Union State . While the first and the second are military and economic alliances , the third aims to reach a confederation of Russia and Belarus with a common government , flag , currency , etc. .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "75b406ac4e48fb89e354cbc28e04eb30", "text": "President of Ukraine The president of Ukraine ( Президент України , Prezydent Ukrayiny ) is the Ukrainian head of state . The president represents the nation in international relations , administers the foreign political activity of the state , conducts negotiations and concludes international treaties . The president is directly elected by the citizens of Ukraine for a five-year term of office ( whether the presidential election is early or scheduled ) , limited to two terms consecutively . The president 's official residence is the Mariyinsky Palace , located in the Pechersk district of the capital Kiev . Other official residences include the House with Chimaeras and the House of the Weeping Widow , which are used for official visits by foreign representatives . The Presidential Administration of Ukraine , unofficially known as `` Bankova '' in reference to the street it is located on , serves as the presidential administration , advising the president in the domestic , foreign and legal matters . Since the office 's establishment on 5 July 1991 , there have been five presidents of Ukraine . Leonid Kravchuk was the inaugural president , serving three years from 1991 until his resignation in 1994 . Leonid Kuchma was the only president to have served two consecutive terms in office . Both Viktor Yushchenko and Viktor Yanukovych served one term , with the latter being replaced by acting president Oleksandr Turchynov , who then also served as Chairman of the Ukrainian Parliament , on 21 February 2014 . Oleksandr Turchynov was the only acting president in Ukraine 's modern history . Unlike in the US , where the vice president immediately receives all powers of the presidency upon assumption of the presidential office , in Ukraine the powers of an acting president are severely limited . On 18 June 2015 , Yanukovych was officially deprived of the title of president of Ukraine . The current president is Petro Poroshenko who took the oath of office on 7 June 2014 . The Government of Ukraine utilizes a Semi-presidential system in which the roles of the head of state and head of government are separate , thus the president of Ukraine is not the nation 's head of government . The prime minister serves as the head of government , a role currently filled by Volodymyr Groysman who was appointed to the position in April 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64295451d0b00eb74b39d0e3f3b7148d", "text": "Belarusian referendum, 2004 A referendum on allowing President Lukashenko to stand in further elections was held in Belarus on 17 October 2004 , alongside parliamentary elections . Lukashenko was nearing the end of his constitutionally-limited two terms , and the change would allow him to run for a third term . The result was 88.9 % in favour , with a turnout of 90.3 % .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "73b5bfb2f0f4303e70296217212d8aa9", "text": "Decommunization in Russia Decommunization in Russia is the process of dealing with the communist legacies in terms of institutions and personnel that tends towards breaking with the Soviet past . Compared with the efforts of the other former constituents of the Soviet bloc and the Soviet Union , it has been restricted to half-measures , if conducted at all . Notable anti-communist measures in the Russian Federation are the banning of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union ( and creating the Communist Party of the Russian Federation ) as well as the names of many Russian cities reverting to what they were before the 1917 October Revolution ( Leningrad to Saint Petersburg , Sverdlovsk to Yekaterinburg and Gorky to Nizhny Novgorod ) . However , Nostalgia for the Soviet Union is gradually on the rise in Russia . Communist symbols continue to form an important part of the rhetoric used in state-controlled media as banning them is seen by the foreign ministry as `` sacrilege '' and `` a perverse idea of good and evil '' . The decommunization process in neighbouring Ukraine was also met with criticism by Russia , and Soviet war crimes continue to be regularly dismissed as `` Western myth '' .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "8fbb74cda1e7d3405a742d8e2de9918e", "text": "Lana Del Rey Elizabeth Woolridge Grant ( born June 21 , 1985 ) , better known by her stage name Lana Del Rey , is an American singer , songwriter , and model . Her music has been noted for its cinematic style , its preoccupation with themes of tragic romance and melancholia , and its references to pop culture , particularly 1950s and 1960s Americana . Born and raised in New York , Del Rey embarked on a music career in 2005 and first received widespread attention in 2011 , when the music video for her single `` Video Games '' became a viral internet sensation . Del Rey received further recognition after her major-label debut Born to Die peaked at number two on the United States charts and was the fifth best-selling album of 2012 . A remix of its single `` Summertime Sadness '' , produced by Cedric Gervais , peaked at number six in the United States , and the Paradise EP followed that November , garnering Del Rey her first Grammy nomination for Best Pop Vocal Album . Three of the EP 's tracks were featured in her short film Tropico , which premiered in December 2013 . In 2014 , Del Rey released her third studio album , Ultraviolence ; it became her first number-one album in the United States . In 2015 , following a North American tour with Courtney Love and Grimes , Del Rey released her fourth studio album , Honeymoon . Both albums received positive critical response . Del Rey is set to release her fifth studio album , titled Lust for Life , on July 21 , 2017 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "c08c87fd6a99eb0d2b23b7caf375cd3f", "text": "List of Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles of 2007 The Billboard Hot 100 is a chart that ranks the best-performing singles of the United States . Published by Billboard magazine , the data are compiled by Nielsen SoundScan based collectively on each single 's weekly physical and digital sales , and airplay . In 2007 , 17 singles reached the top spot on the chart . An 18th single , Beyoncé Knowles ' `` Irreplaceable '' , began a run at the top in 2006 which continued into 2007 . In 2007 , eight acts achieved their first US number-one single , either as a lead artist or featured guest : Maroon 5 , Avril Lavigne , Mims , Plain White T 's , Sean Kingston , Soulja Boy Tell 'Em , T-Pain , and Yung Joc . Producer Timbaland earned his first number-one single as lead artist with `` Give It to Me '' ; he had previously appeared as featured guest on singer Nelly Furtado 's number-one single `` Promiscuous '' . T-Pain , Justin Timberlake , Nelly Furtado and Fergie each earned two number-one singles , either as a lead artist or featured guest . Three number-one singles tied for the longest run on the chart in 2007 : Knowles ' `` Irreplaceable '' , Rihanna 's `` Umbrella '' , and Soulja Boy Tell 'Em 's `` Crank That ( Soulja Boy ) '' all topped the chart for seven weeks ; the last of these was non-consecutive . However , `` Irreplaceable '' , which started its peak position in three issues the previous year , is credited to by Billboard magazine as 2006 's longest-running single . To this effect , `` Umbrella '' and `` Crank That ( Soulja Boy ) '' are the longest-running singles of 2007 . Other singles with extended chart runs include singer Alicia Keys ' `` No One '' which stayed at number one for five straight weeks . `` Irreplaceable '' is the best-performing single of the calendar year , topping the Year-End Hot 100 singles of 2007 for seven consecutive weeks . Band Maroon 5 's `` Makes Me Wonder '' is noted for its jump from 64th to 1st place on the Billboard Hot 100 , making it the largest leap of 2007 . `` Umbrella '' , which occupied the top slot for seven of summer 's thirteen weeks , has been credited by the music press as 2007 's Song of the Summer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35d2cd0094c0e420b6835457c53a9b41", "text": "Cola (song) `` Cola '' is a song by American singer and songwriter Lana Del Rey , taken from her third extended play , Paradise ( 2012 ) , and the reissue of her debut studio album , Born to Die : The Paradise Edition ( 2012 ) . `` Cola '' first appeared in a teaser trailer posted to her official YouTube account as a snippet . The lyrics were considered controversial , causing major media outlets to respond .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc60a3b9d9ef8677d7e5355728835bb9", "text": "Kat DeLuna discography This is the discography of pop/R & B musician Kat DeLuna . DeLuna first rose to fame in 2007 , when she released her debut single `` Whine Up '' . The single became one of the most played songs on pop radio that summer , and achieved major success worldwide , reaching the top ten in countries such as Belgium and France . The single also became a smash hit in the US , peaking inside the top forty of the Hot 100 single chart , as well as topped the Hot Dance Club Play chart . The single led to the release of DeLuna 's debut album , 9 Lives in the Fall of 2007 . The album was met to generally positive critical reception , as well as commercial . The album debuted at number 58 in the US , and charted within the top twenty of countries such as Belgium and Poland . The album 's success led to a re-release the following year . In 2008 , DeLuna began work on her second studio album . The album spawned several official and promotional singles . The first of these was `` Unstoppable '' , which became a minor hit in Canada . The song was featured in the film Confessions of a Shopaholic , as well as its accompanying soundtrack . It was followed by the second promotional single `` Dance Bailalo '' , which became a major hit on the US Hot Dance Club Play chart . DeLuna 's second album , titled Inside Out later spawned the official singles `` Push Push '' , `` Party O'Clock '' and `` Dancing Tonight '' . After much delay , Inside Out was released in Belgium on November 5 , 2010 . It received commercial success , reaching the top twenty of the Belgium album chart . The album is currently released only in some European markets ( Belgium , France , Poland ) . Inside Out was also released in Japan on July 13 , 2011 . A compilation album , Loading appeared in 2016 . Since 2012 , DeLuna has been reportedly working on her third album under the title ViVa Out Loud .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "23eda5da586f932392c2785c58780188", "text": "Mexican pop music Mexican pop is a music genre produced in Mexico , particularly intended for teenagers and young adults . Mexico is the country that exports the most entertainment in Spanish language . Mexican pop was limited to Latin America until the mid-1990s , when an interest towards this type of music increased after Luis Miguel 's , Lynda Thomas ' , Selena 's , Thalía 's , Gloria Trevi 's and Paulina Rubio 's debuts before the mainstream USA audience . During the 1960s and 1970s most of the pop music produced in Mexico consisted on Spanish-language versions of English-language rock-and-roll hits . Singers and musical groups like Angélica María , Johnny Laboriel , Alberto Vázquez , Enrique Guzmán or Los Teen Tops performed cover versions of songs by Elvis Presley , Paul Anka , Nancy Sinatra and others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33a9611aaceab1f5fc79bb06b9e72b42", "text": "Heavy metal lyrics Heavy metal lyrics are the words used in songs by heavy metal music bands , groups and artists . Given that there are many genres of heavy metal , it is difficult to make generalizations about the lyrics and lyrical themes . In 1989 , two metal scholars wrote that heavy metal lyrics concentrate `` on dark and depressing subject matter to an extent hitherto unprecedented '' in any form of popular music . Jeffrey Arnett states that metal songs are `` overwhelmingly dominated '' by `` ugly and unhappy '' themes which express `` no hope '' for the future . Deena Weinstein has proposed one way to analyze metal song themes is loosely grouping them into two categories : the Dionysian theme ( a reference to the Roman God of wine ) , which celebrates `` sex , drugs and rock and roll '' , partying , and enjoyment of life and the Chaotic theme , which involves dark subjects such as Hell , injustice , mayhem , carnage and death . Not all metal genres fall into Weinstein 's two theme model ; for example power metal 's lyrical themes often focus on fantasy and mythology , camaraderie and hope , personal struggles and emotions , among other themes . Another exception is pop metal bands , which replaced `` gloom and doom '' themes with `` positive , upbeat '' songs about romantic love and relationships , part of their goal of appealing more to female listeners . In metal overall , the small number of metal songs about relationships are typically about unions that have `` gone sour '' long ago . The thematic content of heavy metal lyrics has long been a target of criticism . According to Jon Pareles , `` Heavy metal 's main subject matter is simple and virtually universal . With grunts , moans and subliterary lyrics , it celebrates ... a party without limits ... -LSB- T -RSB- he bulk of the music is stylized and formulaic . '' Music critics have often deemed metal lyrics juvenile and banal , and others have objected to what they see as advocacy of misogyny and the occult . During the 1980s , the Parents Music Resource Center ( PMRC ) petitioned the U.S. Congress to regulate the popular music industry due to what the group asserted were objectionable lyrics , particularly those in heavy metal songs . The PMRC used music professor Joe Stuessy to testify against metal . Professor Stuessy alleged that heavy metal songs focus on violence , substance abuse , perversion , S&M , and Satanism . Robert Walser analyzed 88 metal songs ' themes to determine if Professor Stuessy 's claims were valid . In Walser 's analysis , the dominant theme in the metal songs was `` longing for intensity '' ; he found that the negative themes described by Stuessy and the PMRC were uncommon . Jeffrey Arnett analysed the lyrics from 115 metal songs : he found that the top three messages were `` grim ... themes '' about violence , angst and protest . Metal artists have had to defend their lyrics in front of the U.S. Senate and in courtrooms . In 1985 , Twisted Sister frontman Dee Snider was asked to defend his song Under the Blade at a U.S. Senate hearing . In 1986 , Ozzy Osbourne was sued because of the lyrics of his song Suicide Solution . In 1990 , Judas Priest was sued in American court by the parents of two young men who had shot themselves five years earlier , allegedly after hearing the subliminal statement `` do it '' in a Priest song . While the case attracted a great deal of media attention , it was ultimately dismissed . In some predominantly Muslim countries , heavy metal has been officially denounced as a threat to traditional values . In countries such as Morocco , Egypt , Lebanon , and Malaysia , there have been incidents of heavy metal musicians and fans being arrested and incarcerated .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0246b7ed8f112c536bc7d15a68347016", "text": "Yolanda Pérez Yolanda Pérez ( born May 20 , 1983 ) is an American singer-songwriter who specializes in banda music . She is sometimes known by the stage name `` La Potranquita '' , ( Spanish : `` little filly '' ) , a name taken by her father from his home city of Zacatecas , Mexico . Perez was born in Los Angeles , California . Her family later moved to Montclair , California . She graduated from Montclair High School in 2001 . When she was 11 years old , Perez won a music contest held in the Los Angeles-area Lynwood . As part of the prize package , she recorded an album that launched her musical career . She has since recorded several more albums . Her career was especially enhanced when she signed with the Fonovisa label , part of the Univision Music Group . Perez followed in the footsteps of her father and grandparents who were also exponents of banda music . Her minor-label albums exhibited all the traditional characteristics of banda , but from Déjenme Llorar ( 2003 ) onwards she has combined the banda sound with modern elements such as rap as well as introducing set-piece dialogues into some tracks . Her music also shows other influences from hip hop and R&B artists - this has led her to include Spanglish phrasing in some lyrics , such as in the duet Estoy Enamorada with Don Cheto . Perez therefore , while continuing to exemplify traditional banda , has placed her own stamp and interpretation on this genre . In 2005 , Pérez was nominated for an Urban Artist of the Year award at the 17th Lo Nuestro Awards . Perez has also performed public service announcements and has been involved with other charitable work . In 2006 she volunteered to help with the `` Got Milk '' campaign , explaining that Latin American women tend to worry about outer beauty but need to also focus on their diet .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2954954da2ea423a251aadee97729101", "text": "La La Means I Love You (album) La La Means I Love You is the 1968 debut album by American R&B / Soul vocal group The Delfonics , released on May 14 , 1968 on the Philly Groove label . The album was produced by Thom Bell and consists of a mixture of original songs written by Bell and lead singer William Hart , and cover versions of already well-known songs . The celebrated title track was a # 4 pop hit , and `` I 'm Sorry '' and `` Break Your Promise '' also charted . With its lush , smooth orchestral sound and production , La La Means I Love You is now considered a classic soul album and one of the most important and influential records in the development of the nascent Philadelphia soul sound which would come to dominate the commercial soul music market in the early and mid -- 1970s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f873530b151ae4e9b02c12892f290df2", "text": "The Connection (DeLon album) `` The Connection '' is the Debut Album by American Rapper DeLon . It was officially released on September 27 , 2005 . The first single from ` The Connection ' was ` Calor De La Salsa ' . `` Calor De La Salsa '' peaked on the Billboard charts at No. 15 -LSB- < - Calor De La Salsa on Billboard -RSB- and established DeLon as the First Sri Lankan to ever chart on the US Billboard Charts . The Connection united Hip Hop listeners of all cultures as it features eclectic beats of different styles of cultural music mixed with American Hip Hop . With roots in Salsa , Samba , Reggae , Soca , Sri Lankan , Indian and Middle Eastern music , The Connection is an album that unites all cultures through international Hip Hop . As reviewed by YRB Magazine , `` Hitting the rap game from all sides , -LSB- DeLon -RSB- manages to be ` conscious ' and ` street ' on the same album ... a seamless merger of hot production , a catchy hook and the lyrical precision of a young Talib Kweli . '' - Yellow Rat Bastard ( YRB ) Magazine , Issue . .61 `` The Connection '' Review . DeLon has won international praise for this album and is recognized as the first attempt by an American rap artist to unite international Hip Hop . Not only did DeLon write all lyrics and rap on the album , he is also responsible for producing 70 % of the album 's beats . The Connection was released through DeLon 's Record Label , Ceylon Records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5aadd183c1015b02bbffa242a48c087", "text": "Born to Die Born to Die is the second studio album by American singer and songwriter Lana Del Rey . Her major label debut , it was released on January 27 , 2012 by Interscope Records , Polydor Records and Stranger Records . Del Rey collaborated with producers including Patrik Berger , Jeff Bhasker , Chris Braide , Emile Haynie , Justin Parker , Rick Nowels , Robopop and Al Shux to achieve her desired sound . Their efforts resulted in a primarily baroque pop record , which sees additional influences from alternative hip hop , indie pop and trip hop music . Contemporary music critics gave Born to Die mixed reviews ; some commended its distinctive production , while its repetitiveness and melodramatic tendencies were a recurring complaint . The album debuted at number two on the US Billboard 200 with first-week sales of 77,000 copies ; it was later certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) after moving one million units . Born to Die reached the peak positions on eleven international record charts . After attaining online success after its initial premiere on June 29 , 2011 , `` Video Games '' was released as the lead single from Born to Die on October 17 , 2011 ; it peaked at number ninety-one on the US Billboard Hot 100 . Its follow-up singles `` Born to Die '' , `` Off to the Races '' , `` Blue Jeans '' , `` Summertime Sadness '' , `` National Anthem '' , and `` Dark Paradise '' performed sporadically across Billboard component charts and international record charts . The Cedric Gervais remix of `` Summertime Sadness '' was released on July 11 , 2013 and became Del Rey 's highest-charting single in the United States , reaching number six on the Billboard Hot 100 . Del Rey additionally promoted Born to Die with several televised performances , including a widely criticized appearance on Saturday Night Live . It was reissued on November 9 , 2012 as an expanded version subtitled The Paradise Edition , which was packaged with her third extended play Paradise ( 2012 ) . Born to Die has sold 7,000,000 copies worldwide as of June 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18c8ed311b4e08c1dbde784be615dbee", "text": "Maroon music Maroon Music is a genre involving people of African descent that were not born on the continent creating songs in an African language ( as opposed to their first language ) . It is named after the Maroon ( people ) , African refugees who escaped from slavery in the Americas and formed independent settlements . Just as the Maroon people created their own societies in lands foreign to them in attempts to retain their freedom , Maroon music is an attempt by African American artists to reacquire their Mother tongue through writing music in an indigenous African language . Maroon Music subject matter centers around stories about Maroon leaders and other historic freedom fighters of African descent , Maroon groups , peace , unity , and righteousness . In the intro to Maroon music artist , Adetokunbo 's first album `` Maroon Music '' the history of the genre is explained : `` African refugees that escaped slavery in the Americas and formed independent settlements were called Maroons . The term can also be applied to their descendants . The same root word also gives us the English verb `` to maroon '' . When runaway slaves banded together and subsisted independently they were called Maroons . On the Caribbean islands , runaway slaves formed bands and on some islands formed armed camps . Maroon communities faced great odds to survive against oppressive attackers , obtain food for subsistence living , and to reproduce and increase their numbers . There is much variety among Maroon cultural groups because of differences in history , geography , African nationality , and the culture of indigenous people throughout the Western hemisphere . Maroon settlements sometimes developed creole languages by mixing European tongues with their original African languages . Other times the Maroons would adopt the local European language as a common tongue , for members of the community frequently spoke a variety of Mother Tongues . What you are about to hear is a family 's journey to reacquire their Mother Tongue through song . Their goal is to reacquire that which was lost in the Middle Passage . Let this music , Maroon Music , serve as their testament to freedom in a world that has nothing but contempt for the self liberated . '' Maroon music is less concerned with the perfection and fluency of speech of the African language but more with the exercise of learning and improving communication , while providing subtitles and written keys in English so that others will understand the message attempting to be conveyed by the artist . As pidgin English is noted as `` is a simplified version of a language that develops as a means of communication between two or more groups that do not have a language in common Pidgin , Maroon music employs the pidginization or Creolization of African languages as a simplified means for African Americans to communicate with indigenous Africans . For this reason , key 's and subtitles in Maroon Music videos are an essential component for conveying intended meaning to both indigenous Africans and those born abroad . The Maroons are a number of diverse peoples in the Caribbean , South America , North America and Central America , the descendants of escaped slaves . The Seminole music tradition of the United States is an example , as are numerous communities in Jamaica , Suriname and French Guiana . The Surinamese , Guyanese , and French Guianan escaped slaves managed to hide in the dense jungles of the area , and formed communities like the Aluku , Saramaka and Ndjuka . Their traditional sung stories are called mato , and there is also a kind of popular Maroon music called aleke . Traditional dances include awasa , a women 's social dance . The Jamaican Maroons are known for instruments like the abeng , a kind of horn .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "876eb5f535ebff2b262a215a20d8a9f6", "text": "Secrets of Astrology Secrets of Astrology , released in 2000 , is the fifth album , but the fourth studio recorded album , by symphonic rock vocalist , Lana Lane . Though this album is Lane 's fifth album release in the US , it is her eighth in Japan . The album was recorded in the Netherlands and in Los Angeles and mixed in the Netherlands by Oscar Holleman . Mastering was executed at Abbey Road Studios in London . The album contains 13 songs , whereas the 13th track is listed as a bonus track . In the North American and Japanese releases of Secrets of Astrology , the bonus track is a song entitled , `` Romeo and Juliet '' , a song Lane had recorded during the recording sessions for this album . In the European release of Secrets of Astrology , the bonus track is a song entitled , `` Rhapsody '' , a song that Lane had recorded during the recording sessions for her 1998 album , Queen of the Ocean .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ccec1b92d1c141b81edde97b10c7e5b", "text": "Radio (LL Cool J album) Radio is the debut studio album by American rapper LL Cool J , released November 18 , 1985 on Def Jam Recordings in the United States . It serves as the label 's first full-length album release . Recording sessions for the album took place during 1984 to 1985 at Chung King House of Metal in New York City . The album was primarily produced by Rick Rubin , who provided a sparse and minimal production style . Radio also features a sound that is punctuated by DJ scratching , mostly brief samples , and emphasis of the downbeat . LL Cool J 's b-boy lyricism conveys themes of inner city culture , teenage promiscuity , and braggadocio raps . The album experienced a significant amount of commercial success and sales for a hip hop record at the time , earning U.S. Billboard chart success and selling over 500,000 copies within its first five months of release . On April 19 , 1989 , Radio was certified platinum in sales by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , following sales in excess of one million copies in the United States . Initial criticism of the album was generally positive , as LL Cool J 's lyricism and Rick Rubin 's production were praised by several music critics . It has since been recognized by critics as LL Cool J 's greatest work . Reflecting the new school and ghettoblaster subculture in the U.S. during the mid-1980s , Radio belongs to a pivotal moment in the history and culture of hip hop . Its success contributed to the displacement of the old school with the new school form and to the genre 's mainstream success during the period . Its success also served as a career breakthrough for LL Cool J and Rick Rubin . Radio has been recognized by music writers as one of the first cohesive and commercially successful hip hop albums .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3289626f6b227cd6f54e141f58132430", "text": "Chillwave Chillwave ( originally called `` glo-fi '' or `` hypnagogic pop '' ; also `` dream-beat '' ) is a style of music characterized by a faded or dreamy retro pop sound , mellow vocals , a low-to-moderate tempo , escapist lyrics about the beach or summertime , psychedelic or lo-fi textures , effects processing ( reverb especially ) , vintage synthesizers , and other attempts to loosely emulate 1980s electronic pop aesthetics as well as engage with notions of memory and nostalgia . Sometimes regarded as a `` made-up '' genre , the movement 's vanguard was represented by Neon Indian , Washed Out , and Toro y Moi , who gained critical attention through what was termed the 2009 `` Summer of Chillwave '' . Coinciding with the economic turmoil of the late 2000s and early 2010s recession , chillwave was one of the first music genres to develop by being linked and defined through various outlets on the Internet rather than geographic location . The style draws from elements in dream pop and shoegaze , as well as the work of artists such as Panda Bear , Animal Collective , and lo-fi musician Ariel Pink . The term `` hypnagogic pop '' was coined at virtually the same time as `` chillwave '' to describe similar artists . Other elements related to drug-induced mind states and idyllic summer fantasies were drawn from the Beach Boys ' Brian Wilson . Washed Out 's 2009 track `` Feel It All Around '' remains the genre 's definitive and best-known song . The term `` chillwave '' , which originated from the satirical blog Hipster Runoff in 2009 , was ultimately criticized for being nebulous and contrived . Some artists rejected the tag , while hundreds of others exploited the style 's low-budget simplicity , one of the major reasons for its decline . Media coverage usually derided the genre 's name , its reliance on nostalgia , and the ubiquitous mention of `` the summer '' in its writings . After chillwave was the subject of much discourse on websites like Gorilla vs. Bear and Pitchfork , the movement dissipated , and the style effectively fell out of vogue . The Internet-based microgenre vaporwave would be inspired by chillwave .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f45f9222a3ccaaeeed14340efacdbe70", "text": "Music Music is an art form and cultural activity whose medium is sound organized in time . The common elements of music are pitch ( which governs melody and harmony ) , rhythm ( and its associated concepts tempo , meter , and articulation ) , dynamics ( loudness and softness ) , and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture ( which are sometimes termed the `` color '' of a musical sound ) . Different styles or types of music may emphasize , de-emphasize or omit some of these elements . Music is performed with a vast range of instruments and vocal techniques ranging from singing to rapping ; there are solely instrumental pieces , solely vocal pieces ( such as songs without instrumental accompaniment ) and pieces that combine singing and instruments . The word derives from Greek μουσική #Ancient Greek ( mousike ; `` art of the Muses '' ) . In its most general form , the activities describing music as an art form or cultural activity include the creation of works of music ( songs , tunes , symphonies , and so on ) , the criticism of music , the study of the history of music , and the aesthetic examination of music . Ancient Greek and Indian philosophers defined music as tones ordered horizontally as melodies and vertically as harmonies . Common sayings such as `` the harmony of the spheres '' and `` it is music to my ears '' point to the notion that music is often ordered and pleasant to listen to . However , 20th-century composer John Cage thought that any sound can be music , saying , for example , `` There is no noise , only sound . '' The creation , performance , significance , and even the definition of music vary according to culture and social context . Indeed , throughout history , some new forms or styles of music have been criticized as `` not being music '' , including Beethoven 's Grosse Fuge string quartet in 1825 , early jazz in the beginning of the 1900s and hardcore punk in the 1980s . There are many types of music , including popular music , traditional music , art music , music written for religious ceremonies and work songs such as chanteys . Music ranges from strictly organized compositions -- such as Classical music symphonies from the 1700s and 1800s , through to spontaneously played improvisational music such as jazz , and avant-garde styles of chance-based contemporary music from the 20th and 21st centuries . Music can be divided into genres ( e.g. , country music ) and genres can be further divided into subgenres ( e.g. , country blues and pop country are two of the many country subgenres ) , although the dividing lines and relationships between music genres are often subtle , sometimes open to personal interpretation , and occasionally controversial . For example , it can be hard to draw the line between some early 1980s hard rock and heavy metal . Within the arts , music may be classified as a performing art , a fine art or as an auditory art . Music may be played or sung and heard live at a rock concert or orchestra performance , heard live as part of a dramatic work ( a music theater show or opera ) , or it may be recorded and listened to on a radio , MP3 player , CD player , smartphone or as film score or TV show . In many cultures , music is an important part of people 's way of life , as it plays a key role in religious rituals , rite of passage ceremonies ( e.g. , graduation and marriage ) , social activities ( e.g. , dancing ) and cultural activities ranging from amateur karaoke singing to playing in an amateur funk band or singing in a community choir . People may make music as a hobby , like a teen playing cello in a youth orchestra , or work as a professional musician or singer . The music industry includes the individuals who create new songs and musical pieces ( such as songwriters and composers ) , individuals who perform music ( which include orchestra , jazz band and rock band musicians , singers and conductors ) , individuals who record music ( music producers and sound engineers ) , individuals who organize concert tours , and individuals who sell recordings and sheet music and scores to customers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "72382ac0208f611684b2e020648e9c62", "text": "Nora Aunor discography This is a list of the albums and singles in the discography of Nora Aunor . Aunor started her career as a singer when she won an amateur singing contest , `` Tawag ng Tanghalan '' in 1967 thus calling her the `` girl with a golden Voice '' and '' Princess of Songs . '' In 1968 , Nora Aunor was contracted by Alpha Records upon the recommendation of singer Carmen Soriano . Although Aunor 's first singles were not major hits , she subsequently went on to smash local record sales with songs like `` It 's Time to Say Goodbye '' , `` Silently '' , `` Forever Loving You '' , `` It 's Not Unusual '' , and countless others . In her seven years with Alpha Records , Aunor was able to set all-time high record sales which up to this day has not been surpassed . At the height of her popularity as a recording artist in the late 1960s and early 1970s , local records soared up to 60 % of national sales according to Alpha Records Philippines . She is the artist with the most singles in Philippine recording history ( with more than 260 singles ) . Over-all she has recorded more than 500 songs . She has notched more than 30 gold singles , a record in the local music industry . With estimated sales of one million units , Nora 's cover of `` Pearly Shells '' ( 1971 ) is one of the biggest-selling singles in the Philippines ever . She also recorded some 46 hit long-playing albums , and several extended plays . National Artist for Literature Nick Joaquin once wrote that `` The Aunor voice has never been particularly young-girlish . Even at 14 , when she pitched it low , the effect was smoky torch . Her teenage fans say that what they like about Nora 's voice is that ` it can do anything , wild or sweet . ' But it 's in the heartbreak songs that the throat really comes through -- and the sound is all woman . '' National Artist for Music , Prof. Andrea Veneracion said these words about Aunor : `` She always has a good voice and over the years , she has developed her own style . Nora in her heyday towered above all other singers not only in terms of popularity but simply because she has a beautiful voice which is what spells the difference even now that many other pop singers have cropped up . Most of our singers now sing well , yes . They have their own style but most of them are at best imitators . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "79dffc935ba11cac07e0bd47abe3e52f", "text": "Terrence Loves You `` Terrence Loves You '' is a song recorded by American singer and songwriter Lana Del Rey for her album Honeymoon ( 2015 ) . It was released as the album 's first promotional single on August 21 , 2015 . Written by Del Rey and Rick Nowels , the song has been described as `` hypnotic '' , with Del Rey singing over piano , strings , and a `` moaning '' saxophone . The song contains an interpolation of the song `` Space Oddity '' by English singer-songwriter David Bowie from his eponymous second studio album . Del Rey stated that the song is her favorite from Honeymoon , describing it as `` jazzy '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce19ffb5c3791eea0046faf950c77622", "text": "Perfidia `` Perfidia '' ( Spanish for `` perfidy '' , as in faithlessness , treachery or betrayal ) is a song written by Alberto Domínguez ( 1911 -- 1975 ) , a Mexican composer and arranger born in the state of Chiapas , about love and betrayal . Aside from the original Spanish , other renditions exist , including English and instrumental versions . The English lyrics are by Milton Leeds . The song was published in 1939 and became a hit for Xavier Cugat in 1940 . Desi Arnaz sings the Spanish version in the 1941 film Father takes a Wife which starred Gloria Swanson . This version was used by director Wong Kar-wai in his films Days of Being Wild , In the Mood for Love , and 2046 . `` Perfidia '' has been recorded by many artists , including Laurel Aitken , John Altman , Dave Apollon , Andrea Bocelli , Wilbert Alonzo Cabrera , Ray Conniff , Café Tacuba , Chico Che , Nat King Cole , Xavier Cugat , Issac Delgado , Phyllis Dillon , Freddy Fender , Ibrahim Ferrer , Frank Galan , Irvys Juarez & Rhonda Rosales , Ben E. King , Dorothy Lamour , James Last , Julie London , Trini Lopez , Los Panchos , Los Rabanes , Los Tres Caballeros and Javier Solís ( in Spanish ) , Luis Miguel , Glenn Miller , Olivia Molina , Hugo Montenegro , Sara Montiel , Nana Mouskouri , Duke Pachanga , Charlie Parker , María Dolores Pradera ( in Spanish ) , Perez Prado , Bud Roman and the Toppers , Linda Ronstadt ( in Spanish and English ) , Alfredo Sadel , the Four Aces , the Shadows with and without Cliff Richard , the Ventures , Mel Tormé , René Touzet , King Tubby , Olavi Virta , Lawrence Welk , and many others . An English arrangement of `` Perfidia '' was also the founding song of the Princeton Nassoons , Princeton University 's oldest a cappella group .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b971499eab4de6e7f8d0f3309240ae7e", "text": "Cool for the Summer `` Cool for the Summer '' is a song by American singer Demi Lovato . It serves as the lead single from her fifth studio album , Confident ( 2015 ) . The song was released on July 1 , 2015 , by Hollywood , and Island Records , and made its radio premiere on the same date via Republic Records . Lovato co-wrote `` Cool for the Summer '' with Alexander Erik Kronlund , Savan Kotecha , and the song 's producers Max Martin and Ali Payami . Musically , it has a rock styled edge over an electronic instrumental arrangement . The song has garnered attention for its bi-curious insinuations and sexually suggestive lyrics . Critics praised `` Cool for the Summer '' for its production and bi-curious lyrical content . It was included on several year-end lists and received nominations for the MTV Video Music Awards and 2015 Teen Choice Awards in the `` Song Of The Summer '' category . The song received an award for being one of the most performed songs of 2015 at the ASCAP Pop Music Awards . Commercially `` Cool for the Summer '' had a positive reception . In United States the song debuted at number 36 on the Billboard Hot 100 dated July 18 , 2015 , selling 80,000 copies in its first charting week . It entered the Hot 100 's top 20 on the chart dated August 15 , 2015 , and peaked at number 11 , becoming Lovato 's third highest chart position . The song also reached number one on the Dance Club Songs chart . It was certified double-platinum by RIAA . `` Cool for the Summer '' has also topped the charts in Greece and peaked within the top 10 in Belgium , the Czech Republic , Lebanon , Mexico , New Zealand , and the United Kingdom as well as the top 20 in Australia , Canada , Ireland , Slovakia , and Spain . Its music video was directed by Hannah Lux Davis and released on July 23 , 2015 . It received positive reviews from critics , who praised the singer 's sensuality and artistic growth . To promote the song , Lovato performed it at pool parties after its release . She also promoted the song on several TV programs such as The Voice , Sunrise , the 2015 MTV Video Music Awards , Jimmy Kimmel Live ! , and Saturday Night Live .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d8353ff689b288698402a2529ac9e12", "text": "Del-Fi Records Del-Fi Records was an American record label based in Hollywood , California and owned by Bob Keane . The label 's first single released was `` Caravan '' by Henri Rose released in 1958 ; however , the label was most famous for signing Ritchie Valens . Valens ' first single for the label was `` Come On Let 's Go '' , which was a hit . His next single , `` Donna '' / `` La Bamba '' , was an even bigger big hit , and brought notability to the label . Johnny Crawford , the co-star of the television series The Rifleman , was the Del-Fi artist who recorded the most hit singles . Del-Fi ceased operating in 1974 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0d048dd623d2d514d40711a6fe6ae5d", "text": "Cultural impact of Elvis Presley Since the beginning of his career , Elvis Presley has had an extensive cultural impact . According to Rolling Stone , `` it was Elvis who made rock 'n' roll the international language of pop . '' Rolling Stone encyclopedia of Rock and Roll describes Presley as `` an American music giant of the 20th century who single-handedly changed the course of music and culture in the mid-1950s . '' His recordings , dance moves , attitude and clothing came to be seen as embodiments of rock and roll . His music was heavily influenced by African-American blues , Christian gospel , and Southern country . In a list of the greatest English language singers , as compiled by Q Magazine , Presley was ranked first , and second in the list of greatest singers of 20th century by BBC Radio . Presley sang both hard driving rockabilly , rock and roll dance songs and ballads , laying a commercial foundation upon which other rock musicians would build their careers . African-American performers like Big Joe Turner , Wynonie Harris and Fats Domino came to national prominence after Presley 's acceptance among mass audiences of White American adults . Singers like Jerry Lee Lewis , the Everly Brothers , Chuck Berry , Bo Diddley , Little Richard , Buddy Holly , Johnny Cash , Roy Orbison and others immediately followed in his wake . John Lennon later observed , `` Before Elvis , there was nothing . '' During the post-WWII economic boom of the 1950s , many parents were able to give their teenage children much higher weekly allowances , signaling a shift in the buying power and purchasing habits of American teens . During the 1940s bobby soxers had idolized Frank Sinatra , but the buyers of his records were mostly between the ages of eighteen and twenty-two . Presley triggered a lot of demand for his records by near-teens and early teens aged ten and up . Along with Presley 's `` ducktail '' haircut , the demand for black slacks and loose , open-necked shirts resulted in new lines of clothing for teenage boys whereas a girl might get a pink portable 45 rpm record player for her bedroom . Meanwhile , American teenagers began buying newly available portable transistor radios and listened to rock 'n' roll on them ( helping to propel that fledgling industry from an estimated 100,000 units sold in 1955 to 5,000,000 units by the end of 1958 ) . Teens were asserting more independence and Presley became a national symbol of their parents ' consternation . Presley 's impact on the American youth consumer market was noted on the front page of The Wall Street Journal on December 31 , 1956 when business journalist Louis M. Kohlmeier wrote , `` Elvis Presley today is a business , '' and reported on the singer 's record and merchandise sales . Half a century later , historian Ian Brailsford ( University of Auckland , New Zealand ) commented , `` The phenomenal success of Elvis Presley in 1956 convinced many doubters of the financial opportunities existing in the youth market . ''", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "bec668e84642d696d536b38be6df408b", "text": "Lauren Graham Lauren Helen Graham ( born March 16 , 1967 ) is an American actress and author . She is best recognized for her role as Lorelai Gilmore on the television series Gilmore Girls ( 2000 -- 07 ) , for which she received two Screen Actors Guild Award nominations , one Golden Globe nomination , and five Satellite Award nominations . She is also known for film roles in Sweet November ( 2001 ) , Bad Santa ( 2003 ) , The Pacifier ( 2005 ) , Because I Said So ( 2007 ) , and Evan Almighty ( 2007 ) . From 2010 to 2015 , Graham starred as Sarah Braverman on the NBC television drama Parenthood . Graham published her debut novel in 2013 , Someday , Someday , Maybe , with Ballantine Books . She reprised her role as Lorelai Gilmore on Netflix 's reunion miniseries in 2016 , Gilmore Girls : A Year in the Life , and published a memoir , Talking as Fast as I Can : from Gilmore Girls to Gilmore Girls ( and Everything in Between ) .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "2a7b3b7d8404c7cf8e0370ec1d86be0a", "text": "Frank Graham (writer) Frank Graham , Sr. ( November 12 , 1893 -- March 9 , 1965 ) was an American sportswriter and biographer . He covered sports in New York for the New York Sun from 1915 to 1943 and for the New York Journal-American from 1945 to 1965 . He was also a successful author , writing biographies of politician Al Smith and athletes Lou Gehrig and John McGraw , as well as histories of the New York Yankees , New York Giants and Brooklyn Dodgers . Graham 's writing style was notable for his use of lengthy passages of `` unrelieved dialogue '' in developing portraits of the persons about whom he wrote . Graham was posthumously inducted into the `` writers wing '' of the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum in 1972 . He was also posthumously honored in 1997 by the Boxing Writers Association of America with its highest honor , the A.J. Liebling Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b68f615ee7357523e1bdc3831837d9dc", "text": "Alix Strauss Alix Strauss is a four-time published author and media social satirist based in Manhattan . She has been a featured trend journalist on CBS , CNN , ABC , NBC 's today show and various national morning and talk shows . Her articles have appeared in The New York Post , Time Magazine , The New York Times , Marie Claire , Entertainment Weekly , Self , and many other publications . Her four published books include her two non-fiction works Have I Got A Guy For You and Death Becomes Them : Unearthing the Suicides of the Brilliant , the Famous , and the Notorious , and her two works of fiction The Joy of Funerals and Based Upon Availability . She was chosen as a speaker for both the Jewish Book Council and Israel Bonds . Strauss also spoke last year at the University of Connecticut 's suicide prevention week in conjunction with Death Becomes Them . Strauss lectures extensively not only for bookstores and book clubs , but at conferences , colleges and universities , synagogues , libraries , country clubs , etc. . For her most recently published novel Based Upon Availability , a novel that takes place in Manhattan 's swanky Four Seasons Hotel , Strauss designed a book tour around hotels . She is in fact known for her unusual reading events and was quoted by Publishers Weekly to say `` I believe in finding venues that are in keeping with the theme of one 's work . '' True to her words , Strauss held the launch party for her first novel The Joy of Funerals at the Frank E. Campbell funeral home . She also held a reading for Death Becomes Them : Unearthing the Suicides of the Brilliant , the Famous & the Notorious at the Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e69dde4b004cd9ac1f0201b71d2113ed", "text": "Lauren DeStefano Lauren DeStefano is an American young adult author . She is best known for the Chemical Garden series of novels and her gallows humor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "50d1ad602d2dcd34898cf1b7bfabc67d", "text": "Goose Lane Editions Goose Lane Editions is a Canadian book publishing company founded in 1954 in Fredericton , New Brunswick as Fiddlehead Poetry Books by Fred Cogswell and a group of students and faculty from the University of New Brunswick associated with The Fiddlehead Magazine . After Cogswell retired in 1981 , his successor , Peter Thomas , changed the name to Goose Lane Editions . From 1989 to 1997 Douglas Lochhead was president of Goose Lane . It is now headed by publisher and co-owner Susanne Alexander . The Canada Council for the Arts says the publishing company `` has evolved to become one of Canada 's most exciting showcases of home-grown literary talent . '' Publications from Goose Lane Editions include literary fiction , poetry , biographies , works of history , travel literature , outdoor travel guides and serious non-fiction , as well as fine art volumes that it often publishes in association with museums and galleries . Authors published by Goose Lane include Alden Nowlan , Nancy Bauer , Herb Curtis , Reg Balch , Lynn Coady , Alan Cumyn , Sheree Fitch , Kerry Clare , Jeffery Donaldson , Herménégilde Chiasson , Lynn Davies , Tammy Armstrong , Kathryn Kuitenbrower , Catherine Bush , Noah Richler , Jacques Poitras , Tamai Kobayashi , Douglas Glover whose novel Elle won the 2003 Governor General 's Award for English-language fiction , Joan Thomas whose novel Reading by Lightning won the 2009 Commonwealth Writers Prize for Best First Book ( Canada and the Caribbean ) , Riel Nason whose novel The Town That Drowned won the 2012 Commonwealth Book Prize ( Canada and Europe ) , and Marcello Di Cintio , whose book Walls : Travels Along the Barricades won the 2013 Shaughnessy Cohen Award for Political Writing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "26ec3f4fad7e59a9b282d555e8b9501a", "text": "Personal History Personal History is the autobiography of Washington Post publisher Katharine Graham . It was published in 1997 and won the 1998 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography , receiving widespread critical acclaim for its candour in dealing with her husband 's mental illness and the challenges she faced in a male-dominated working environment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d82545d42a150e7b002e9e82601a78e", "text": "Gail Gaymer Martin Gail Gaymer Martin is a Christian speaker and an American novelist . Born and raised in Michigan , Gail lives with her husband , Bob , who she considers to be her greatest fan , who also happens to be her proofreader . Along with writing , Gail enjoys music , and she especially enjoys singing as a soloist and choir member at her church ; she is a member of the Detroit Lutheran Singers . Gail also plays handchimes and handbells . Gail formatted several Christmas programs for her church and submitted them to CSS Publishing in September 1994 which started her career in writing . She received her first book contract in January 1995 , six months before she retired from her school counselor position at Madison High School in Madison Heights , Michigan . She sold her first novel to Barbour Publishing in 1998 and it was released in Oct 1998 . Her second novel sold shortly thereafter ; released in May 1999 and that same year in June she sold to Steeple Hill .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40f583ff666a635f0d6e448193f31fe2", "text": "Louise Dale Louise Dale is an English writer who lives in Newark , England . She writes the Time Trigger series . The series is about two 12-year-olds , Alice and Robert , who are trying to recover and return all the `` Time Triggers '' , which propel you forwards and backwards in time . The book Millennium Spies was nominated for several Lincolnshire book awards . So far , there are six books in the series : The Curse of Rocamadour ( 2002 ) The Keys of Rome ( 2003 ) Millenium Spies ( 2004 ) Savage Pilgrims ( 2004 ) Royal Pirates ( 2005 ) The Masks of Robin Hood ( 2006 ) __ NOTOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb8f93b76ad87202db3b5f25fa326589", "text": "Firebrand Books Firebrand Books is a publishing house established in 1984 by Nancy K. Bereano -- a lesbian/feminist activist in Ithaca , NY . Karen Oosterhouse , publisher since 2003 , describes Firebrand as `` the independent publisher of record for feminist and lesbian fiction and nonfiction , '' championing `` authors whose work has been marginalized : women of color , women coming out of poverty , transwomen , the genderqueer , and other underrepresented voices . '' It is among the many feminist and lesbian publishing houses that grew out of the Women 's Press Movement ; other presses of that period include Naiad Books , Persephone and Kitchen Table : Women of Color Press . From 1984 to 2000 , Firebrand Books published literary fiction , nonfiction , and poetry on lesbian and feminist themes , placing publisher Nancy Bereano `` at the forefront of lesbian and small press publishing . '' Firebrand was the first publisher of Dorothy Allison 's short story collection Trash , which subsequently won double Lambda Literary Awards in the categories of Lesbian Fiction and Small Press , and of the `` Dykes to Watch Out For '' series by Alison Bechdel . The press has published poetry , fiction , and non-fiction by many luminary authors , including Jewelle Gomez , Leslie Feinberg , Cheryl Clarke , Ruthann Robson , Lesléa Newman , Mab Segrest , Leslie Feinberg , Judith Katz , Audre Lorde , and Minnie Bruce Pratt , earning four American Library Association Gay/Lesbian/Bisexual Book Awards and 12 Lambda Literary Awards , including the Publisher 's Service Award for Bereano , in 1996 . On Bereano 's influential role as an editor and publisher , Alison Bechdel writes : `` she discovered me and published my first book when I was a punk kid ... She also urged me to write a graphic novel long before the current craze , and that was the beginning of Fun Home . '' Bereano has emphasized the importance of small independent presses in supporting and promoting `` new ways of thinking , '' especially for readers marginalized by large publishing houses . Citing her experiences publishing the work of Audre Lorde , Bereano writes : The fact that -LSB- Lorde 's -RSB- prose was published exclusively by small independently owned women 's presses was both a result of the major houses ' narrow perspective and the fact that Audre Lorde 's prose , particularly her myth-shattering essays , was instrumental in framing a changing reality for many women , primarily lesbian women ( a readership long dismissed by the mainstream publishing world ) . After Bereano 's retirement in 1994 , Firebrand Books was sold , first to distributor LPC Group , and eventually to Karen Oosterhouse , who relocated the press from Ithaca to Ann Arbor , Michigan , in 2003 . In a 2009 interview , Oosterhouse stated that , `` perhaps there will come a day when there is no longer a need for a specifically lesbian and feminist press , but for now Firebrand is that press . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd4b2f28ee6e2d755d1f0ee1d34628c6", "text": "Pam Allyn Pam Allyn ( born January 31 , 1963 ) is an American literacy expert and author . Pam is the founding director of LitWorld , a global literacy initiative serving children across the United States and in more than 60 countries . She is also the Executive Director and founder of LitLife , a cutting-edge consulting group working with schools to enrich best practice teaching methods and building curriculum for reading and writing . She is the author of the Your Child 's Writing Life ( Penguin Avery ) , Pam Allyn 's Best Books for Boys : How To Engage Boys in Reading in Ways That Will Change Their Lives ( Scholastic ) , What To Read When : The Books and Stories To Read With Your Child -- And All The Best Times To Read Them ( Penguin Avery ) , and Core Ready , a 14-book series focusing on the Common Core Learning Standards ( Pearson ) . Pam is widely known as a motivational speaker advocating for reading and writing as human rights that belong to all people . Her personal quest to bring literacy to every child stems from a deeper desire to bring dignity to every child , and to empower children to read and write powerfully , effectively and with passion in ways that will change their worlds and the worlds of others . Her work has been featured on Good Morning America , The Today Show , Oprah Radio , The Huffington Post , CNN International , and in The New York Times . Pam is the Global Ambassador for Scholastic 's `` Read Every Day . Lead a Better Life . '' Campaign . She is lso a spokesperson for BIC Kids , championing BIC 's 2014 `` Fight For Your Write '' campaign .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ca722152afed7b76100de2bf1c0582c", "text": "Graham McNeill Graham McNeill is a British novelist . He is best known for his Warhammer Fantasy and Warhammer 40,000 novels , and his previous role as games designer for Games Workshop . He is currently working as a Senior Writer at Riot Games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b846149f630ddc71d8b5643ccaa2caf", "text": "The Confidential Agent The Confidential Agent ( 1939 ) is a thriller novel by British author Graham Greene . Fueled by Benzedrine , Greene wrote it in six weeks . To avoid distraction , he rented a room in Bloomsbury from a landlady who lived in an apartment below him . He used that apartment in the novel ( it 's where D. hides for a day ) and had an affair with the landlady 's daughter . He wrote the book for money and was so displeased with his work that he wanted it published under a pseudonym . But critics took a far different view ; The New York Times , for example , called the novel `` a magnificent tour-de-force . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "097d08b0d60b52362323fdf07f3f0e6b", "text": "Lauren Holmes Lauren Holmes is an American author and writer of short stories . She published her first collection of short stories , Barbara the Slut and Other People in 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a49b36c8a1766d394fb291eccdd1f545", "text": "Deborah Heiligman Deborah Heiligman is an award-winning American author of books for children and teens . Her work ranges from picture books to young adult novels and includes both fiction and nonfiction .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1166b66029c137d997e4ddbd8e533ae7", "text": "Lauren Slater Lauren Slater ( born March 21 , 1963 ) is an American psychologist and writer . She is the author of seven books , including Welcome To My Country ( 1996 ) , Prozac Diary ( 1998 ) , and Lying : A Metaphorical Memoir ( 2000 ) . Her 2004 Opening Skinner 's Box : Great Psychology Experiments of the Twentieth Century , a description of psychology experiments `` narrated as stories , '' has drawn both praise and criticism . It was nominated for a Los Angeles Times Kirsch award for science and technology writing , and was named as a 2005 Bild Der Wissenschaft book of the year in Germany . Criticism has focused on Slater 's research methods and on the extent to which some of the experiences she describes may have been fictionalized . Other awards Slater has won include the 1993 New Letters Literary Award in creative nonfiction , and the 1994 Missouri Review Award , and her work was included in The Best American Essays of 1994 and 1997 . She has contributed to The New York Times , Harper 's , and Elle . The Village Voice has called her `` the closest thing we have to a doyenne of psychiatric disorder . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "951f1c8174d31694d3103cef5598aec6", "text": "Council on Books in Wartime The Council on Books in Wartime ( 1942 -- 1946 ) was an American non-profit organization founded by booksellers , publishers , librarians , authors , and others , in the spring of 1942 to channel the use of books as `` weapons in the war of ideas '' ( the Council 's motto ) . Its primary aim was the promotion of books to influence the thinking of the American people regarding World War II , to build and maintain the will to win , to expose the true nature of the enemy , to disseminate technical information , to provide relaxation and inspiration , and to clarify war aims and problems of peace . The Council co-operated with the Office of War Information ( OWI ) and other Government agencies , but was itself a voluntary , unpaid , non-Governmental organization . The Council attempted to achieve its goals by acting as a clearinghouse for book-related ideas , by being an intermediary between the book-trade industry and government agencies , by offering advice to publishers , and by handling all forms of public relations including distribution of reading lists and pamphlets , lectures , radio programs , newsreels , and book promotion and publication . In 1942 , the Council created a War Book Panel to choose titles officially recommended by the Council . These titles were republished by Council member publishers with a seal of approval , a large `` I '' on the front cover meaning an `` Imperative '' book . 6 `` Imperative '' books were published between 1942 and 1945 ( see War Book Panel ) . In the spring of 1943 , the Council launched the effort for which it would become best known , the Armed Services Editions . By the time the program ended in 1947 , it had printed 122,951,031 books , selling them to the government at an average cost of just over six cents a volume . The Armed Services Editions brought high-end books to a mass audience , and helped popularize the emerging paperback format . One of the most popular ASE books was A Tree Grows in Brooklyn ( 1943 ) by Betty Smith , and the ASE 's distribution of F. Scott Fitzgerald 's novel The Great Gatsby helped revive interest in the book . In 1944 , the Council launched Oversees Editions , Inc , a subsidiary aimed at distributing American books to civilian populations abroad , to promote a positive view of American culture . With the end of World War II , the Council on Books in Wartime ceased active operations on Jan 31 , 1946 but maintained its corporate entities to deal with the dispersal of remaining funds and the safekeeping of records . Some of those involved on the Council include : W. W. Norton of W. W. Norton & Company , Bennett Cerf of Random House , George A. Hecht of Doubleday & Co. , and Mark Van Doren .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0cb1b42e0a949eaf2cee3dadcf286880", "text": "Southern Ontario Gothic Southern Ontario Gothic is a subgenre of the Gothic novel genre and a feature of Canadian literature that comes from Southern Ontario . This region includes Toronto , Southern Ontario 's major industrial cities ( Windsor , London , Hamilton , St. Thomas , Oshawa , St. Catharines ) , and the surrounding countryside . While the genre may also feature other areas of Ontario , Canada , and the world as narrative locales , this region provides the core settings . The term was first used in Graeme Gibson 's Eleven Canadian Novelists ( 1972 ) to recognize an existing tendency to apply aspects of the Gothic novel to writing based in and around Southern Ontario . In an interview with Timothy Findley , Gibson commented that Findley 's novel The Last of the Crazy People shared similarities with the American Southern Gothic genre , to which Findley replied , '' ... sure , it 's Southern Gothic : Southern Ontario Gothic . '' Notable writers of this subgenre include Alice Munro , Margaret Atwood , Robertson Davies , Jane Urquhart , Marian Engel , James Reaney and Barbara Gowdy . Like the Southern Gothic of American writers such as William Faulkner , Flannery O'Connor and Eudora Welty , Southern Ontario Gothic analyzes and critiques social conditions such as race , gender , religion and politics , but in a Southern Ontario context . Southern Ontario Gothic is generally characterized by a stern realism set against the dour small-town Protestant morality stereotypical of the region , and often has underlying themes of moral hypocrisy . Actions and people that act against humanity , logic , and morality all are portrayed unfavourably , and one or more characters may be suffering from some form of mental illness . In a review of Alice Munro 's Dear Life for Quill & Quire , literary critic James Grainger writes that `` Violence , illness , and reputations ruined by a single indiscretion are accepted in Munro 's secretive , repressed communities as a kind of levelling mechanism , rough justice for those who dare to strive for something finer . '' The Gothic novel has traditionally examined the role of evil in the human soul , and has incorporated dark or horrific imagery to create the desired setting . Some ( but not all ) writers of Southern Ontario Gothic use supernatural or magic realist elements ; a few deviate from realism entirely , in the manner of the fantastical gothic novel . Virtually all dwell to a certain extent upon the grotesque . Notable works of the genre include Davies ' Deptford Trilogy , Findley 's Headhunter , Atwood 's Alias Grace and The Blind Assassin , and Munro 's Selected Stories . The genre has been criticised as having `` little or nothing to distinguish it from everyday , garden-variety type realism . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "290f40074a520d70d5ec1329bbae3c1b", "text": "Lauren Grodstein Lauren Grodstein ( born November 19 , 1975 ) is an American novelist and educator at Rutgers University of Camden in New Jersey , known for her use of male viewpoint characters . Her novel Girls Dinner Club made the New York Public Library `` Book for the Teen Age '' list in 2006 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3f62e59f369df98cc4fa8f7d44f3d78", "text": "Lauren Liebenberg Lauren Liebenberg ( born 3 August 1972 ) is a Zimbabwe-born South African writer . Her debut novel The Voluptuous Delights of Peanut Butter and Jam was nominated for the Orange Prize for Fiction in 2008 . Her subsequent novels , The West Rand Jive Cats Boxing Club andCry Baby , have also received international critical acclaim .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c6bfaacad0aa498ae2ba654ba2cd497e", "text": "Sara Blædel Sara Blædel ( born 6 August 1964 ) , is a Danish author . She is best known for her crime fiction novels featuring Louise Rick . Blædel founded the `` Sara B '' crime fiction publishing company in 1993 , and in 1995 she started to work as a journalist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0ad1e47f62060d513bc3fe8518a4dde", "text": "Heather McElhatton Heather McElhatton is a writer and producer for Public Radio International . McElhatton produced the literary series Talking Volumes from 2001 to 2006 . From 2005 to 2007 she hosted the live variety show Stage Sessions for Minnesota Public Radio at the Fitzgerald Theater in St Paul , Minnesota . The show combined storytelling , spoken word , music and featured guests including Sebastian Junger , Ann Bancroft , Kevin Kling , Bill Holm and Robert Bly . McElhatton has published several short stories , including Red Shoes in Alabama and the Whore Who Wore Them which was nominated for a Pushcart Prize in 2001 . McElhatton appeared on a televised episode of This American Life in a segment called `` Peezilla '' , where she recaptured her experience on a school bus when she was a little girl . Her debut novel , Pretty Little Mistakes , was a choose your own adventure style book for adults published by HarperCollins in May 2007 . Her second book , `` Jennifer Johnson is Sick of Being Single '' , was released by HarperCollins in May 2009 . Her fourth book is `` Jennifer Johnson is Sick of Being Married . '' Million Little Mistakes , a sequel to Pretty Little Mistakes , in which the reader decides how to spend $ 22 million in lottery winnings , was released in 2010 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "613bfbfda451f38ebef4bf7f11afd657", "text": "Layer Cake (film) Layer Cake ( also occasionally stylised as L4YER CAKƐ ) is a 2004 British crime thriller film directed by Matthew Vaughn , in his directorial debut . The screenplay was adapted by J. J. Connolly from his novel of the same name . The film 's plot revolves around a London-based criminal , played by Daniel Craig , working in the trade of cocaine who wishes to leave the drug business . The film features Tom Hardy , Colm Meaney , and Sienna Miller . The film was produced by Adam Bohling , David Reid and Matthew Vaughn , with Stephen Marks as executive producer . The title refers to the social strata , especially in the British criminal underworld .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "255032b8a102a04be06da737061e57d1", "text": "Daniel Craig Daniel Wroughton Craig ( born 2 March 1968 ) is an English actor . He trained at the National Youth Theatre and graduated from the Guildhall School of Music and Drama in 1991 , before beginning his career on stage . His film debut was in the drama The Power of One ( 1992 ) . Other early appearances were in the Disney family film A Kid in King Arthur 's Court ( 1995 ) and the biographical film Elizabeth ( 1998 ) , as well as in the historical war drama television series Sharpe 's Eagle ( 1993 ) and the action-adventure drama series Zorro . Cast as the fictional British secret agent James Bond in October 2005 , his first film in the role , Casino Royale , was released internationally in November 2006 . Craig 's appearances in the British television film Love Is the Devil : Study for a Portrait of Francis Bacon ( 1998 ) , the indie war film The Trench ( 1999 ) , and the drama Some Voices ( 2000 ) attracted the film industry 's attention . This led to roles in bigger productions such as the action film Lara Croft : Tomb Raider ( 2001 ) , the crime thriller Road to Perdition ( 2002 ) , the crime thriller Layer Cake ( 2004 ) , and the Steven Spielberg historical drama Munich ( 2005 ) . Craig achieved international fame when chosen as the sixth actor to play the role of Ian Fleming 's James Bond in the official film series , taking over from Pierce Brosnan in 2005 . Although his casting was initially greeted with scepticism , his debut was highly acclaimed and earned him a BAFTA award nomination , with Casino Royale becoming the highest-grossing in the series at the time . Quantum of Solace followed two years later . Craig 's third Bond film , Skyfall , premiered in 2012 and is currently the highest-grossing film in the series , was the highest-grossing film in the UK until 2015 and the fifteenth highest-grossing film of all time . Craig 's fourth Bond film , Spectre , premiered in 2015 . In 2006 , he joined the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences . Since taking the role of Bond , he has continued to star in other films , including the World War II film Defiance ( 2008 ) , science fiction Western Cowboys & Aliens ( 2010 ) , and the English-language adaptation of Stieg Larsson 's mystery thriller The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo ( 2011 ) . Craig also made a guest appearance as Bond in the opening ceremony of the London 2012 Olympic Games , alongside Queen Elizabeth II . As of 20 February 2017 , Craig is the second longest serving James Bond , surpassed only by Roger Moore .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "849e97b5b55d702d1e85de6869e93130", "text": "The Last Target The Last Target is a 1972 British thriller film starring Michael Redgrave . It is one of his last films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c7f9afdc6d0fd27ef24a255951e1766a", "text": "Erotic thriller An Erotic thriller is a film genre defined by a thriller with a thematic basis in illicit romance or erotic fantasy . Most erotic thrillers contain scenes of softcore sex and nudity , but the frequency and explicitness of those scenes varies . Though similar films appeared as early as the 1960s , erotic thrillers emerged as a distinct genre in the late 1980s , bolstered by the popular success of Adrian Lyne 's Fatal Attraction in 1987 and a quickly expanding domestic and international market for softcore adult entertainment on cable television and home video . The genre had a classic period of growth and expansion in the 1990s , but by the early 2000s declined in production and popular appeal . The potent combination of danger and romance , catering to both male and female audiences simultaneously , was the primary selling point for erotic thriller films during their classic period . The half-naked bodies displayed on posters , newspaper ads , and video box covers were accompanied by log lines that capture the unmistakable duality of the erotic thriller film : If you think you can handle her , you 're dead wrong . -- Body Chemistry 3 : Point of Seduction He was hired to watch . Now he 's tempted to touch . -- Night Eyes Twin sisters cross the line into a deadly erotic fantasy land . -- Mirror Images In all , over 300 erotic thriller films were produced in the 1990s , which is comparable to the number of thriller films made in the noir decade of the 1940s . The total number of films in the erotic thriller genre from 1985 to 2005 may number as high as over 500 . Like film noir , the genre has evolved and modernized , and new films continue to be made that are influenced by the classic style .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a9ec6bfe057f06329659a35cf586bad", "text": "The Criminal (1999 film) The Criminal is a 1999 British thriller film directed by Julian Simpson and starring Steven Mackintosh , Eddie Izzard and Natasha Little . After meeting a beautiful woman in a bar , a man 's life is plunged into chaos .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "920c7c2d1f12658c0d162d0ea51c3827", "text": "James Bond (2015 film) James Bond ( Tag line : Nenu Kadhu Naa Pellam ) is a 2015 Telugu action comedy film written and directed by Sai Kishore Macha and produced by Anil Sunkara under the banner A.K.Entertainments . It features Allari Naresh and Sakshi Chaudhary in the lead roles while Ashish Vidyarthi , Raghu Babu and Krishna Bhagavan appear in supporting roles . Allari Naresh has crooned his voice for a song in the movie . The film was released on 24 July 2015 . The movie is loosely based on the Korean movie My Wife Is a Gangster .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec915b9f8fed61ce370c379fcf078a9c", "text": "Tomorrow Never Dies Tomorrow Never Dies ( 1997 ) is the eighteenth spy film in the James Bond series , and the second to star Pierce Brosnan as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond . Directed by Roger Spottiswoode , with the screenplay written by Bruce Feirstein , the film follows Bond as he attempts to stop Elliot Carver , a power-mad media mogul , from engineering world events to initiate World War III . The film was produced by Michael G. Wilson and Barbara Broccoli , and was the first James Bond film made after the death of producer Albert R. Broccoli , to whom the movie pays tribute in the end credits . Filming locations included France , Thailand , Germany , Mexico and the United Kingdom . Tomorrow Never Dies performed well at the box office and earned a Golden Globe nomination despite mixed reviews . While its performance at the domestic box office surpassed that of its predecessor , GoldenEye , it was the only Pierce Brosnan Bond film not to open at number one at the box office , as it opened the same day as Titanic , but instead at number two .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "71ec6f4d6faa2b1f0d754750777e53b7", "text": "Michael Craig (actor) Michael Francis Gregson ( born 27 January 1928 ) , known professionally as Michael Craig , is a British actor and scriptwriter , known for his work in theatre , film and television both in the United Kingdom and Australia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af99d8a0f494fe6edd4f8eef429e2431", "text": "Sacrifice (2016 film) Sacrifice is a 2016 American thriller film that was written and directed by Peter A. Dowling , and starred Radha Mitchell and Rupert Graves . It was filmed in Ireland , Shetland , Scotland , and New York City . The film is based on the book Sacrifice by Sharon Bolton .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0201f079c6401272e1e5cbd2b2b62660", "text": "Mister John Mister John is a 2013 thriller film by Joe Lawlor and Christine Molloy , their second feature film following their debut Helen . It stars Aidan Gillen , Zoe Tay , Michael Thomas , and Claire Keelan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "73c21d97844dc1e6b30214c18743c598", "text": "Apartment Zero Apartment Zero is a 1988 Argentine-British political thriller film co-written and directed by Argentine-born screenwriter Martin Donovan and starring Hart Bochner and Colin Firth . The film is famously suffused with homoerotic overtones and moments of black comedy . It was produced in 1988 and premiered at film festivals throughout 1989 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa1c6264be60a38948f04a3564e9495e", "text": "Foreign Exchange (1970 film) Foreign Exchange is a 1970 British television thriller film directed by Roy Ward Baker and starring Robert Horton , Sebastian Cabot and Jill St. John . It is based on a novel by Jimmy Sangster . Its plot involves a former British spy who arranges an exchange of captured spies with Russia . The same characters had been featured earlier in the 1969 television film The Spy Killer . The film was shown in the US on the ABC Movie of the Week .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9decda172a8bcd06a7915af7c30ea6d1", "text": "Pimp (film) Pimp is a British thriller film in the mockumentary vein of Man Bites Dog , it was released in cinemas on 21 May 2010 . It is written , produced and directed by Robert Cavanah who also plays the lead role . It also starred Billy Boyd , Martin Compston , Scarlett Alice Johnson , Barbara Nedeljáková , Robert Fucilla and Danny Dyer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d2060c308718e50d560ebcb8ef91d2dd", "text": "The Believers The Believers is a 1987 American neo-noir thriller film directed by John Schlesinger , released in 1987 and starring Martin Sheen , Robert Loggia and Helen Shaver . It is based on the 1982 novel The Religion by Nicholas Conde .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "402b2ba49c08618310132b7532d1a2be", "text": "Entity (2012 film) Entity is a 2012 British supernatural thriller film written and directed by Steve Stone . The film had its world premiere on 25 October 2012 , at the Bram Stoker International Film Festival . It stars Dervla Kirwan , Charlotte Riley , and Branko Tomovic and centers upon a British reality show film crew that encounters a dark entity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "89aab664ebc53d04845bf9335e75acfd", "text": "Blind Spot (2015 film) Blind Spot is a 2015 Chinese suspense thriller film directed by Danny Pang . The film was released on October 23 , 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea8308e801fad44d649bf01fafdaafcb", "text": "The Happening (2008 film) The Happening is a 2008 American thriller film written , co-produced and directed by M. Night Shyamalan , and stars Mark Wahlberg , Zooey Deschanel , John Leguizamo , and Betty Buckley . The film follows a man , his wife , his best friend and his friend 's daughter as they try to escape from an inexplicable natural disaster . The film was advertised as being Shyamalan 's first R-rated film ; it received mostly negative reviews from critics on Metacritic and grossed $ 163 million worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e4f8c4eb3851d16139d938a9f7b01933", "text": "Eden Lake Eden Lake is a 2008 British horror thriller film written and directed by James Watkins and starring Kelly Reilly , Michael Fassbender and Jack O'Connell . The film received mostly positive reviews , and was nominated for the Empire Award for Best British Film . It is among a group of roughly contemporaneous , films that deal with concerns over `` Broken Britain '' and a fear of `` hoodies '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c41bf41308c04e754430017928a989a", "text": "The Curse of Downers Grove The Curse of Downers Grove is an American thriller film written by Bret Easton Ellis . The film is based on the 1999 novel Downers Grove by Michael Hornburg , the film stars Kevin Zegers , Bella Heathcote , Penelope Mitchell , Lucas Till , Zane Holtz , Helen Slater , and Tom Arnold . The film receives a limited theatrical release on August 21 , 2015 and a subsequent DVD/Blu-Ray release on September 1 , 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ccd1f6917e7da5a86046ef187c814d4f", "text": "A Dangerous Method A Dangerous Method is a 2011 German-Canadian-American-British historical film directed by David Cronenberg and starring Keira Knightley , Viggo Mortensen , Michael Fassbender , and Vincent Cassel . The screenplay was adapted by writer Christopher Hampton from his 2002 stage play The Talking Cure , which was based on the 1993 non-fiction book by John Kerr , A Most Dangerous Method : The story of Jung , Freud , and Sabina Spielrein . The film marks the third consecutive collaboration between Cronenberg and Viggo Mortensen ( after A History of Violence and Eastern Promises ) . This is also the third Cronenberg film made with British film producer Jeremy Thomas , after completing together the William Burroughs adaptation Naked Lunch and the J. G. Ballard adaptation Crash . A Dangerous Method was a German/Canadian co-production . The film premiered at the 68th Venice Film Festival and was also featured at the 2011 Toronto International Film Festival . Set on the eve of World War I , A Dangerous Method describes the turbulent relationships between Carl Jung , founder of analytical psychology ; Sigmund Freud , founder of the discipline of psychoanalysis ; and Sabina Spielrein , initially a patient of Jung and later a physician and one of the first female psychoanalysts . Among the film 's many honors , Mortensen was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor -- Motion Picture for his portrayal of Freud .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe0a358f675a3134302798e5f648c410", "text": "Skyfall Skyfall is the 23rd James Bond film produced by Eon Productions and released in 2012 . It features Daniel Craig in his third performance as James Bond , and Javier Bardem as Raoul Silva , the film 's villain . It was directed by Sam Mendes and written by Neal Purvis , Robert Wade and John Logan , and features an Academy Award-winning theme , sung by Adele . It was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer ( MGM ) and Columbia Pictures . The story centres on Bond investigating an attack on MI6 ; the attack is part of a plot by former MI6 agent Raoul Silva to humiliate , discredit and kill M as revenge against her for betraying him . The film sees the return of two recurring characters to the series after an absence of two films : Q , played by Ben Whishaw , and Moneypenny , played by Naomie Harris . Skyfall is the last film of the series for Judi Dench , who played M , a role that she had played in the previous six films . The position is subsequently filled by Ralph Fiennes ' character , Gareth Mallory , though Dench would make a brief appearance in the next Bond film , Spectre . Mendes was approached to direct the film after the release of Quantum of Solace in 2008 . Development was suspended when MGM encountered financial troubles and did not resume until December 2010 ; during this time , Mendes remained attached to the project as a consultant . The original screenwriter , Peter Morgan , left the project during the suspension . When production resumed , Logan , Purvis , and Wade continued writing what became the final version of the script . Filming began in November 2011 and primarily took place in the United Kingdom , with smaller portions shot in China and Turkey . Skyfall premiered in London at the Royal Albert Hall on 23 October 2012 and was released in the United Kingdom on 26 October 2012 and the United States on 9 November 2012 . It was the first James Bond film to be screened in IMAX venues , although it was not filmed with IMAX cameras . The film 's release coincided with the 50th anniversary of the series , which began with Dr. No in 1962 . Skyfall was positively received by critics , being praised for its performances -- particularly those of Craig , Bardem and Dench -- writing and script , cinematography , Mendes ' direction , Thomas Newman 's score , and the action scenes . It was the 14th film to gross over $ 1 billion worldwide , and the first Bond film to do so . It became the seventh-highest-grossing film at the time , the highest-grossing film in the UK , the highest-grossing film in the series , the highest-grossing film worldwide for both Sony Pictures and MGM , and the second-highest-grossing film of 2012 . The film won several accolades , including two BAFTA Awards , two Academy Awards and two Grammys .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "62a76004cc7c2110bf799438186bc5b9", "text": "James Bond The James Bond series focuses on a fictional British Secret Service agent created in 1953 by writer Ian Fleming , who featured him in twelve novels and two short-story collections . Since Fleming 's death in 1964 , eight other authors have written authorised Bond novels or novelizations : Kingsley Amis , Christopher Wood , John Gardner , Raymond Benson , Sebastian Faulks , Jeffery Deaver , William Boyd and Anthony Horowitz . The latest novel is Trigger Mortis by Anthony Horowitz , published in September 2015 . Additionally Charlie Higson wrote a series on a young James Bond , and Kate Westbrook wrote three novels based on the diaries of a recurring series character , Moneypenny . The character has also been adapted for television , radio , comic strip , video games and film . The films are the longest continually running film series of all time and have grossed over $ 7.040 billion in total , making it the fourth-highest-grossing film series to date , which started in 1962 with Dr. No , starring Sean Connery as Bond . As of , there have been twenty-four films in the Eon Productions series . The most recent Bond film , Spectre ( 2015 ) , stars Daniel Craig in his fourth portrayal of Bond ; he is the sixth actor to play Bond in the Eon series . There have also been two independent productions of Bond films : Casino Royale ( a 1967 spoof ) and Never Say Never Again ( a 1983 remake of an earlier Eon-produced film , Thunderball ) . In 2015 , the franchise was estimated to be worth $ 19.9 billion , making James Bond one of the highest-grossing media franchises of all time . The Bond films are renowned for a number of features , including the musical accompaniment , with the theme songs having received Academy Award nominations on several occasions , and two wins . Other important elements which run through most of the films include Bond 's cars , his guns , and the gadgets with which he is supplied by Q Branch . The films are also noted for Bond 's relationships with various women , who are sometimes referred to as `` Bond girls '' .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "6b73793186ed5826e8fc7a34b3f96ed4", "text": "Indian Removal Act The Indian Removal Act was signed by President Andrew Jackson on May 28 , 1830 . The law authorized the president to negotiate with southern Native tribes for their removal to federal territory west of the Mississippi River in exchange for their ancestral homelands . The act enjoyed strong support from the non-Native peoples of the South , who were eager to gain access to lands inhabited by the southeastern tribes . Christian missionaries protested against the law 's passage , arguing that it was inhumane . This term was used to discuss the forced relocation of Native Americans from U.S.-claimed states to lands west of the Mississippi River . There was a large amount of resistance from those indigenous people . Cherokee tribes came together as an independent nation to try to stop this relocation ; however , they were unsuccessful .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fb04257cad23c0bdf1fe8f645a463e71", "text": "Andrew Jackson Andrew Jackson ( March 15 , 1767 -- June 8 , 1845 ) was an American soldier and statesman who served as the seventh President of the United States from 1829 to 1837 and was the founder of the Democratic Party . Before being elected to the presidency , Jackson served in Congress and gained fame as a general in the United States Army . As president , Jackson sought to advance the rights of the `` common man '' against a `` corrupt aristocracy '' and to preserve the Union . He became a practicing lawyer in Tennessee and in 1791 he married Rachel Donelson Robards . Jackson served briefly in the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate . Upon returning to Tennessee , he was appointed a justice on the Tennessee Supreme Court , serving from 1798 until 1804 . In 1801 , Jackson was appointed colonel in the Tennessee militia , and was elected its commander the following year . He led Tennessee militia and U.S. Army regulars during the Creek War of 1813 -- 1814 , winning a major victory at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend . The subsequent Treaty of Fort Jackson required the Creek surrender of vast lands in present-day Alabama and Georgia . Jackson won a decisive victory in the War of 1812 over the British army at the Battle of New Orleans , making him a national hero . Following the conclusion of the War of 1812 , Jackson led U.S. forces in the First Seminole War , which helped produce the Adams -- Onís Treaty of 1819 and the transfer of Florida from Spain to the United States . Following the ratification of the treaty , Jackson briefly served as Florida 's first territorial governor before winning election as a U.S. Senator from Tennessee . Jackson was a candidate for president in 1824 but , lacking a majority of electoral votes , lost the election in the House of Representatives to John Quincy Adams . In reaction to a `` corrupt bargain '' between opponents Adams and Henry Clay , Jackson 's supporters founded the Democratic Party . He ran again for president in 1828 against Adams and won in a landslide . As president , Jackson faced a threat of secession by South Carolina over the `` Tariff of Abominations '' enacted under Adams . The Nullification Crisis was defused when the tariff was amended and Jackson threatened the use of military force if South Carolina attempted to secede . Congress , led by Clay , attempted to reauthorize the Second Bank of the United States ; Jackson regarded the Bank as a corrupt institution and vetoed the renewal of its charter . After a lengthy struggle , Jackson and the congressional Democrats thoroughly dismantled the Bank . In 1835 , Jackson became the only president to completely pay off the national debt , fulfilling a longtime goal . In foreign affairs , Jackson 's administration concluded a `` most favored nation '' treaty with Great Britain , settled U.S. claims of damages by France from the Napoleonic Wars , and recognized the Republic of Texas . His presidency marked the beginning of the ascendancy of the `` spoils system '' in American politics . In 1830 , Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act , which relocated most members of the Native American tribes in the South to Indian Territory ( now Oklahoma ) . The relocation process dispossessed the Indians and resulted in widespread death and sickness . In his retirement , Jackson remained active in Democratic Party politics , supporting the presidencies of Martin Van Buren and James K. Polk . Jackson was widely revered in the United States , but his reputation has declined since the mid-20th century , largely due to his role in Indian removal and support for slavery . Surveys of historians and scholars have ranked Jackson between 6th and 18th most successful among United States presidents .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "e1be42205619903da3c01ebed1666d6f", "text": "Inauguration of Andrew Johnson The inauguration of Andrew Johnson as the 17th President of the United States was held on April 15 , 1865 at the Kirkwood House in Washington , D.C. , following the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln . The inauguration marked the commencement of Andrew Johnson 's only term ( a partial term of ) as President . Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase administered the Oath of office . After the ceremony , President Johnson gave an impromptu inaugural address , which began with him begging the cabinet to remain with him and then attacking the Confederacy with such venom , that one witness remarked `` It would have been better had he been struck dumb . '' As President Lincoln lay dying , Vice President Johnson visited the room where he lay , and when Mrs. Lincoln saw him , it was reported , she screamed and demanded he be removed . So he went back to his room at the Kirkwood House . According to newspaper reports , the Vice President had gotten severely inebriated , and when aides to the now-dead president came to fetch the new President they were unable to wake him for several minutes . When he was finally awake , the accounts read , `` he had puffy eyes and his hair was caked with mud from the street , '' and that a barber and doctor were summoned to clean him up for the ten-o'clock ceremony , which most accounts agree went smoothly . However , there are other accounts , believed more reliable by some , which refute this claim .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ae97878483e4866410458fa0407eebd", "text": "United States presidential election in Virginia, 1836 The 1836 United States presidential election in Virginia took place between November 3 and December 7 , 1836 , as part of the 1836 United States presidential election . Voters chose twenty-three representatives , or electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . Virginia voted for the Democratic candidate , Martin Van Buren , over Whig candidate Hugh White . Van Buren won Virginia by a margin of 13.29 % .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f157a2a04f0fa018b7bad995d76232fb", "text": "United States presidential election in New Jersey, 1824 The 1824 United States presidential election in New Jersey took place between October 26 and December 2 , 1824 , as part of the 1824 United States presidential election . Voters chose eight representatives , or electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . During this election , the Democratic-Republican Party was the only major national party , and four different candidates from this party sought the Presidency . New Jersey voted for Andrew Jackson over John Quincy Adams , William H. Crawford , and Henry Clay . Jackson won New Jersey by a margin of 10.19 % .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f023877cd692f5e5078467dd2120eba1", "text": "United States presidential election, 1812 The United States presidential election of 1812 was the seventh quadrennial presidential election . It was held from Friday , October 30 to Wednesday , December 2 , 1812 , and took place in the shadow of the War of 1812 . It featured an intriguing competition between incumbent Democratic-Republican President James Madison and a dissident Democratic-Republican , DeWitt Clinton , nephew of Madison 's late Vice President , George Clinton . The Federalist opposition threw their support behind Clinton . Nonetheless , Madison was re-elected with 50.4 percent of the popular vote to his opponent 's 47.6 % , making the 1812 election the closest election up to that point for the popular vote . This was the first presidential election to be held during a major war involving the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88eb9eac283afd5d04e26066874e042a", "text": "William Smith (South Carolina senator) William Smith ( 1762June 26 , 1840 ) was chosen as a Democratic-Republican to the U.S. Senate representing South Carolina in 1816 . The legislature declined to re-elect him when his term expired in 1823 . He was narrowly chosen senator in 1826 and was again replaced in 1831 . Smith was one of the first Southerners to argue , at the time of the Missouri Compromise in 1820 , that slavery was a positive good ; nevertheless , he opposed John C. Calhoun 's doctrine and tactic of nullification . In 1828 , seven electors from Georgia chose him for vice president , instead of Calhoun , the Democratic nominee . He was also a splinter candidate for vice president in 1836 : Virginia refused to accept Richard Mentor Johnson as the Democratic vice presidential candidate , and voted for the ticket of Martin Van Buren and William Smith , putting Johnson two electoral votes short of a majority ; the Senate chose Johnson . In 1832 , he moved to Louisiana , having lost his political base in South Carolina . In 1836 , he moved on to Huntsville , Alabama , and was elected to the Alabama House of Representatives for Madison County from August 1 , 1836 , holding that seat for the rest of his life . On March 3 , 1837 , outgoing President Andrew Jackson nominated Smith to the Supreme Court . The Senate confirmed Smith 's nomination by a vote of 23 -- 18 ; nevertheless , Smith declined to serve .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e0c6215fafed8619258aeedfc116f8cc", "text": "United States elections, 1870 The 1870 United States elections occurred in the middle of Republican President Ulysses S. Grant 's first term , during the Third Party System . Members of the 42nd United States Congress were chosen in this election . The election took place during the Reconstruction Era , and many Southerners were barred from voting . It was also the first election after the passage of the 15th Amendment , which prohibits state and federal governments from denying the right to vote on the basis of race , color , or previous condition of servitude ( although disenfranchisement would continue ) . The Republican Party maintained a majority in both houses of Congress , although Democrats picked up several seats in both chambers . In the House , Democrats won major gains , but Republicans retained a solid majority . In the Senate , Democrats won moderate gains , but Republicans retained a commanding majority .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab653457b10fc687dc1925c8ccad3424", "text": "Copperhead (politics) In the 1860s , the Copperheads comprised a vocal faction of Democrats in the Northern United States of the Union who opposed the American Civil War , wanting an immediate peace settlement with the Confederates . Republicans started calling anti-war Democrats `` Copperheads '' , likening them to the venomous snake . Those Democrats accepted the label , reinterpreting the copper `` head '' as the likeness of Liberty , which they cut from Liberty Head large cent coins and proudly wore as badges . Democratic supporters of the war , by contrast , were called War Democrats . The Copperheads represented the more extreme wing of the `` Northern Democrats '' . Notable Copperheads included two Democratic congressmen from Ohio : Clement L. Vallandigham and Alexander Long . Republican prosecutors accused some prominent Copperheads of treason in a series of trials in 1864 . Copperheadism , a highly contentious , grass-roots movement , had its strongest base in the area just north of the Ohio River , as well as in some urban ethnic wards . Some historians have argued that it represented a traditionalistic element alarmed at the rapid modernization of society sponsored by the Republican Party , and that it looked back to Jacksonian Democracy for inspiration . Weber ( 2006 ) argues that the Copperheads damaged the Union war effort by opposing conscription ( the `` draft '' ) , encouraging desertion , and forming conspiracies , but other historians say that the draft was already in disrepute and that the Republicans greatly exaggerated the conspiracies for partisan reasons . Historians agree that the Copperheads ' goal of restoring the Union with slavery was naive and impractical , for the Confederates refused to consider giving up their independence . The Copperheads became a major target of the Union ( Republican ) party in the 1864 presidential election . Copperhead support increased when Union armies did poorly , and decreased when they won great victories . After the fall of Atlanta in September 1864 , Union military success seemed assured , and Copperheadism collapsed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bbedd9f8357d675a22ab58403dad90df", "text": "United States presidential election in Alabama, 1832 The 1832 United States presidential election in Alabama took place between November 2 and December 5 , 1832 , as part of the 1832 United States presidential election . Voters chose seven representatives , or electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . Alabama voted for the Democratic candidate , Andrew Jackson , over the National Republican candidate , Henry Clay . Jackson won Alabama by a margin of 99.94 % .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "99716522da864ba047a9cddf81e5d106", "text": "United States presidential election in New York, 1884 The 1884 United States presidential election in New York took place on November 4 , 1884 . All contemporary 38 states were part of the 1884 United States presidential election . New York voters chose 36 electors to the Electoral College , which selected the President and Vice President . New York was won by the Democratic nominees , Governor Grover Cleveland of New York and his running mate former Senator and Governor Thomas A. Hendricks of Indiana . Cleveland and Hendricks defeated the Republican nominees , former Secretary of State and Senator James G. Blaine of Maine and his running mate Senator John A. Logan of Illinois . Cleveland narrowly carried New York State with a plurality of 48.25 % of the vote to Blaine 's 48.15 % , a victory margin of 0.10 % . In a distant third came the Prohibition Party candidate John St. John with 2.14 % , while Greenback Party candidate Benjamin Butler came in fourth with 1.46 % . New York weighed in for this election as less than 1 % more Republican than the national average . Cleveland 's narrow victory in his home state , with its 36 electoral votes , proved decisive in clinching him the 1884 election and allowing him to win the presidency . He won despite strong opposition to Cleveland from the corrupt Tammany Hall machine , which held significant influence over New York 's politics . Cleveland performed most strongly downstate in the New York City area , where he won New York County , Kings County , Queens County , and received over 60 % of the vote in Richmond County . Cleveland also won nearby Suffolk County , Westchester County , and Rockland County . Blaine won much of upstate New York , including a victory in Erie County , home to the city of Buffalo , although Cleveland did manage to win Albany County , home to the state capital of Albany , along with several rural upstate counties .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b922aec158f81fced29dd62ac3796dd1", "text": "Swing Around the Circle Swing Around the Circle refers to a disastrous speaking campaign undertaken by U.S. President Andrew Johnson between August 27 and September 15 , 1866 , in which he tried to gain support for his mild Reconstruction policies and for his preferred candidates ( mostly Democrats ) in the forthcoming midterm Congressional elections . The tour received its nickname due to the route that the campaign took : `` Washington , D.C. , to New York , west to Chicago , south to St. Louis , and east through the Ohio River valley back to the nation 's capital '' . Johnson undertook the speaking tour in the face of increasing opposition in the northern states and in Washington to his lenient form of reconstruction in the south , which had led the southern states largely to revert to the social system that had predominated before the Civil War . Although he believed he could regain the trust of moderate northern Republicans by exploiting tensions between them and their Radical counterparts on the tour , Johnson only alienated them more . This caused a supporter of Johnson to say of the tour that it would have been better `` had it never been made . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37b337b84e6daf36331cc78a26e4d614", "text": "United States presidential election, 1836 The United States presidential election of 1836 was the 13th quadrennial presidential election , held from Thursday , November 3 , to Wednesday , December 7 , 1836 . As the third consecutive election victory for the Democratic Party , it ushered incumbent Vice President Martin Van Buren into the White House with 170 electoral votes to 124 electoral votes for William Henry Harrison and other Whigs . The popular vote was closer ; Martin Van Buren attracted 764,000 votes to the 738,000 won by the various Whig candidates . The election of 1836 is principally remembered for three distinctive circumstances : The Whig Party ran four candidates in different parts of the country in hopes that each would be popular enough to defeat Democrat Martin Van Buren in their respective region . The strategy failed , but had three of the four received more electoral votes then Van Buren , it would have been left to the House of Representatives to decide between the competing Whig candidates . Richard Mentor Johnson became the first ( and to date only ) Vice President elected by the United States Senate . Although pledged to Van Buren and Johnson ( his running mate ) , Virginia 's 23 electors refused to vote for Johnson , which left him one electoral vote short of the 148-vote majority required to be elected . As such , it was left to the Senate to decide between the top two vote recipient recipients , Johnson and Francis Granger . Johnson was elected on the first ballot 33 to 16 . This was the last election until the 1988 election ( of George H. W. Bush ) in which the incumbent Vice President was elected to succeed the president under whom he served . The election of 1836 also marked an important turning point in American political history because of the part it played in establishing the Second Party System . In the 1830s the political party structure was still changing , rapidly , the Democratic Party was organized , but factional and personal leaders still played a major role in politics . By the end of the campaign of 1836 , the new party system was almost complete , as nearly every faction had been absorbed by either the Democrats or the Whigs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c47da6e336e4a564a2ab069b96f4b41", "text": "Convention of 1832 The Convention of 1832 was the first political gathering of colonists in Mexican Texas . Delegates sought reforms from the Mexican government and hoped to quell the widespread belief that settlers in Texas wished to secede from Mexico . The convention was the first in a series of unsuccessful attempts at political negotiation that eventually led to the Texas Revolution . Under the 1824 Constitution of Mexico , Texas was denied independent statehood and merged into the new state Coahuila y Tejas . After growing suspicious that the United States government would attempt to seize Texas by force , in 1830 Mexican President Anastasio Bustamante enacted the Law of April 6 , 1830 which restricted immigration and called for customs duty enforcement . Tensions erupted in June 1832 , when Texas residents systematically expelled all Mexican troops from eastern Texas . The lack of military oversight emboldened the colonists to increase their political activity . On October 1 , 1832 , 55 political delegates met at San Felipe de Austin to petition for changes in the governance of Texas . Notably absent was any representation from San Antonio de Béxar , where many of the native Mexican settlers ( Tejanos ) lived . The delegates elected Stephen F. Austin , a highly respected empresario , as president of the convention . Delegates passed a series of resolutions requesting , among other things , a repeal of the immigration restrictions , a three-year exclusion from custom duties enforcement , permission to form an armed militia and independent statehood . They also voted themselves the power to call future conventions . Before the petition could be delivered to Mexico City , the political chief of Texas , Ramón Músquiz , ruled that the convention was illegal and annulled the resolutions . In a compromise , the ayuntamiento ( city council ) of San Antonio de Béxar drafted a new petition with similar language to the convention resolutions and submitted it through proper legal channels . Músquiz forwarded the new document to the Mexican Congress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47101477ec5158d40fb3038eec97db4b", "text": "United States elections, 1844 The 1844 United States elections elected the members of the 29th United States Congress , and took place during the Second Party System in the midst of the debate over whether to annex Texas . Texas and Iowa joined the union during the 29th Congress . Democrats retained control of the House and took back control of the Presidency and the Senate , re-establishing the dominant position the party had lost in the 1840 election . In the Presidential election , Democratic former Speaker of the House James K. Polk defeated Whig former Senator Henry Clay of Kentucky . Though Polk won the popular vote by a little over one percent , he won by a comfortable margin in the electoral college . James G. Birney of the nascent Liberty Party took two percent of the popular vote , and may have swung the election by taking votes from Clay in New York . The little-known Polk defeated several rivals to win his party 's nomination , emerging as the first dark horse nominee in U.S. presidential history . Incumbent President John Tyler , who had been expelled from the Whig party early in his presidency , was briefly the candidate of the newly formed Democratic-Republican Party , but dropped out of the race after Polk announced his support for ratification of Tyler 's Texas annexation treaty . In the House , Whigs picked up a small number of seats , but Democrats retained a commanding majority . In the Senate , Democrats picked up several seats , re-taking the majority .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cccd0cc3cebfb2dff67d8acf60108676", "text": "United States presidential election in New York, 1848 The 1848 United States presidential election in New York took place on November 7 , 1848 , as part of the United States presidential election , 1848 . Voters chose thirty-six representatives , or electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . New York voted for the Whig candidate , Zachary Taylor , over Free Soil candidate Martin van Buren and Democratic candidate Lewis Cass . Taylor won New York by a margin of 21.51 % over Van Buren .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f7293a3610965278296099d0fe2b077", "text": "1833 in the United States Events from the year 1833 in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bba88272d86ff485ce14136403a169b4", "text": "United States presidential elections in Texas Following is a table of United States presidential elections in Texas , ordered by year . Since its admission to statehood in 1845 , Texas has participated in every U.S. presidential election except the election of 1864 during the American Civil War , when the state had seceded to join the Confederacy , and the election of 1868 , when the state was undergoing Reconstruction . In its first century Texas was a Democratic bastion , only voting for another party once -- in 1928 when anti-Catholic sentiment against Al Smith drove voters to Republican Herbert Hoover . A gradual trend towards increasing social liberalism in the Democratic Party , however , has turned the state ( apart from Hispanic South Texas , the Trans-Pecos and several large cities ) into a Republican stronghold . Since 1980 Texas has voted Republican in every election . Winners of the state are in bold .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c19b2dab42b3023da11500c38c61b0d", "text": "Carter Bassett Harrison (1811–1839) Carter Bassett Harrison ( October 26 , 1811 -- August 12 , 1839 ) was an American attorney and son of William Henry Harrison . Born in Vincennes , Indiana , to future President William Henry Harrison and Anna Tuthill Symmes and the grandson of Declaration of Independence signer Benjamin Harrison V , Harrison entered Miami University in 1826 at the age of fifteen . He joined the Union Literary Society whose membership included Caleb Blood Smith , Robert C. Schenck and Cyrus Falconer , who would become a medical doctor and delegate to the Whig convention that nominated William Henry Harrison for the presidency . In the fall of 1828 , Carter left school to travel with his father to Colombia , South America as his private secretary . They were recalled by President Andrew Jackson in September 1829 and arrived home in February 1830 . Carter returned to Miami University to live in the newly constructed Elliott Hall and to teach the Spanish he learned to his fellow students . Upon graduation , he served as a clerk in Robert Schenck 's Dayton , Ohio law office . When he was admitted to the bar , he joined his father in Cincinnati assisting in his business affairs . In 1836 , he married Mary Sutherland of Hamilton , Ohio in a double ceremony with his sister , Anna Tuthill Harrison who married a second cousin , Colonel William Henry Harrison Taylor of Virginia . After the marriage , Carter began his practice of law in Hamilton . He died in August 1839 , before his father 's run for president , leaving his wife and an infant daughter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "41110c55c3ff761f51a9bb721bcbdf1f", "text": "Presidency of William McKinley The presidency of William McKinley began on March 4 , 1897 at noon Eastern Standard Time , when William McKinley was inaugurated as President of the United States , and ended on September 14 , 1901 , upon his assassination and death , days into his second term . McKinley , a Republican , was succeeded by Vice President Theodore Roosevelt . The 25th United States president , he took office following the 1896 presidential election , in which he defeated Democrat William Jennings Bryan , after a front-porch campaign in which he advocated `` sound money '' , promised that high tariffs would restore prosperity , and denounced Bryan 's radicalism and class warfare . He defeated Bryan again in the 1900 presidential election , in a campaign focused on imperialism , protectionism , and free silver . McKinley 's presidency marked the beginning of an era in American political history from the mid -- 1890s to 1932 that was generally dominated by the Republican Party . McKinley led the nation to victory in the Spanish -- American War , took ownership of Hawaii , the Philippines and Puerto Rico , restored prosperity , promoted pluralism among all groups , raised protective tariffs to promote American industry , and maintained the nation on the gold standard in a rejection of inflationary proposals . Rapid economic growth marked his presidency . He promoted the 1897 Dingley Tariff to protect manufacturers and factory workers from foreign competition , and in 1900 , he secured the passage of the Gold Standard Act . McKinley hoped to persuade Spain to grant independence to rebellious Cuba without conflict , but when negotiation failed , he led the nation in the Spanish -- American War of 1898 ; the U.S. victory was quick and decisive . As part of the peace settlement , Spain turned over to the United States its main overseas colonies of Puerto Rico , Guam , and the Philippines ; Cuba was promised independence , but for a time remained under the control of the U.S. Army . The United States annexed the independent Republic of Hawaii in 1898 and it became a U.S. territory . As an innovator of American interventionism and pro-business sentiment , McKinley 's presidency is generally ranked above average . Historian Lewis L. Gould argues that McKinley was effective in domestic and foreign affairs and was `` the first modern president '' :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68cf6d259bec0756633e34e10c68a3d3", "text": "Opposition to the War of 1812 in the United States Opposition to the War of 1812 was widespread in the United States , especially in New England . Many New Englanders opposed the conflict on political , economic , and religious grounds . When embargo failed to remedy the situation and Great Britain refused to rescind the Orders in Council ( 1807 ) and France continued its decrees , certain Democratic-Republicans known as war hawks felt compelled to go to war . Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun pushed a declaration of war through Congress , stressing a short war had the added benefit of permitting the United States to grab valuable farmlands in the British colony of Canada . Vehement protests erupted in those parts of the country where the opposition Federalist political party held sway , especially in Connecticut and Massachusetts . The governors of these two states as well as Rhode Island refused to place their state militias under federal control for duty outside of their respective states . In the elections that followed in a few months , some members of Congress who voted for war , paid the price . Eight New England congressmen were rejected by the voters , and several others saw the writing on the wall and declined to seek reelection . There was a complete turnover of the New Hampshire delegation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5f1839d48914bd061174cf09e75379f", "text": "1840 Democratic National Convention The 1840 Democratic National Convention was held in Baltimore . The Democrats nominated President Martin Van Buren for reelection in 1840 in spite of his unpopularity following the Panic of 1837 . Vice President Richard M. Johnson was not retained on the ticket , as he was largely seen as a liability in the 1836 election and had focused much of his time as vice president on his own economic affairs . Former President Andrew Jackson backed James K. Polk for the position of vice president , but Van Buren supported his vice president 's renomination . The convention ultimately decided not to nominate a running mate for Van Buren . As a result , Van Buren became the only major party presidential nominee since the passage of the 12th Amendment to seek election without a running mate . Polk and Johnson both received electoral votes for vice president in the general election , but the Whig ticket won the election . Delegates from 21 of 26 states were in attendance . States not in attendance were Connecticut , Delaware , Illinois , South Carolina and Virginia .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "989988491ec74f1794fdfffd8c097c54", "text": "Chris Pérez Christopher Gilbert `` Chris '' Pérez ( born August 14 , 1969 ) is an American guitarist , songwriter and author best known as lead guitarist for the Tejano band Selena y Los Dinos . He married the frontwoman of the group , Selena , on April 2 , 1992 . Pérez grew up in San Antonio , Texas as one of two children of Gilbert Pérez and Carmen Medina . In 1986 , he joined Shelly Lares ' band . By the late 1980s , Pérez was reputed among Tejano musicians for his guitar skills . This caught A.B. Quintanilla 's attention ; at the time , Quintanilla was seeking another guitarist for the band he produced , Selena y Los Dinos . Between one and two years after Pérez joined the band , he and Selena began a personal relationship . Selena 's father , Abraham Quintanilla , Jr. , forced them to end their relationship because he felt Pérez ' image might damage Selena 's career . They ignored his threats to disband the group , and continued their relationship . Quintanilla Jr. fired Pérez from the band , forbidding Selena to go with him . They later eloped , and Selena 's father accepted the relationship and he grew to love and accept Chris as his son-in-law . Pérez was asked to collaborate on several of Selena 's songs with A.B. and other members of the band , using his guitar to piece out melodies and incorporating a number of musical genres into their songs . During the early 1990s , Pérez was arrested for driving under the influence in San Antonio , but was released without charge . Within months of his first arrest , Pérez was involved in a trashed-hotel-room incident ; he and two members of Selena y Los Dinos were intoxicated and began wrestling in a room , breaking the door and punching holes in the walls . On March 31 , 1995 Selena was killed by her former friend and former manager of her boutiques , Yolanda Saldívar . Selena 's murder greatly devastated Pérez , who began abusing drugs and alcohol . Chris has since remained in touch with the Quintanillas following Selena 's death . In 1998 he met Venessa Villanueva through his friend John Garza , and began dating her . That year , Pérez formed the Chris Pérez Band and began writing songs for their debut album . They signed with Hollywood Records and released their first album , Resurrection , which won a Grammy Award for Best Latin Rock or Alternative Album . The band disbanded after their second album , Una Noche Mas ( 2002 ) , was released . Pérez and Villanueva had two children , Cassie and Noah , before divorcing in 2008 . Pérez continued in the music business and often played with his brother-in-law A.B. 's groups , the Kumbia Kings and the Kumbia All Starz . He left both groups and formed another band ( the Chris Pérez Project , which included Puerto Rican singer Angel Ferrer ) in 2010 . In 2012 Pérez wrote a book about his and Selena 's relationship and marriage life entitled To Selena , with Love which received a positive reception from critics and fans .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "9fff2cfe403a27ec393012decc92f8d5", "text": "The Heart Wants What It Wants `` The Heart Wants What It Wants '' is a song by American singer Selena Gomez from her 2014 compilation album For You . It was released on November 6 , 2014 , through Hollywood Records . The song was written by Gomez , Antonina Armato and Tim James . Additional songwriting was provided by David Jost . Armato and James , who collectively form the production duo Rock Mafia , also produced the song . A mid-tempo pop and R&B track with a minimal electropop beat , its accompanying music video was premiered on November 6 , 2014 , alongside the premiere of the song itself . It is Gomez 's last release under the label . Music critics mostly commended the song 's lyrical content , production , vocals , and Gomez 's new direction . The song reached number six on the Billboard Hot 100 . It also reached number six in Canada , and peaked in the top 40 in sixteen countries , including Australia , Belgium , New Zealand , and the United Kingdom .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e1da0997fd0c3c9cc0eed6fc300806cb", "text": "Danny Flores Danny Flores ( born Daniel Flores ; July 11 , 1929 -- September 19 , 2006 ) , also known by his stage name Chuck Rio , was an American rock and roll saxophonist . He is best remembered for his self-penned song Tequila , which Flores recorded with the Champs , and reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 . Flores was born in Santa Paula , California and grew up in Long Beach . He was interested in the guitar from an early age , first performing at church and family gatherings . At 14 , however , Flores switched to the saxophone , forming his first band , the 3-D Ranch Boys . Emulating the rasping sounds of tenor saxophonist Vido Musso , Flores played a variety of music genres -- jazz , country , pop , and blues -- to cater to his hard-going blue-collar clientele . Much to Flores 's amusement , he has remarked , during this early stage of his career , he was commonly called the `` Mexican Hillbilly '' . In the early 1950s , Flores recorded vocals for small Pasadena-based record labels , before signing to Modern Records , and releasing his earliest rock and roll material . In 1957 , Flores met aspiring songwriter and guitarist Dave Burgess . After briefly performing as Danny and Dave , the duo recruited former members of Flores 's group , drummer Gene Alden and guitarist Buddy Bruce , along with bassist Cliff Hills and Vocalist Huelyn Duvall , who were session musicians , to form the Champs . On December 23 , 1957 , the group recorded three songs for Challenge Records , including Flores 's instrumental Tequila . The song is highlighted by Flores 's `` dirty sax '' arrangements and hollering of `` Tequila '' . However , because of this one spoken phrase by Flores , he was credited as Chuck Rio to avoid conflicts with his other record label , where he was signed as a vocalist . `` Tequila '' was released as the B-side to the Champs ' debut single , but after listeners requested the song over its A-side `` Train to Nowhere '' , `` Tequila '' propelled to number one on the Billboard Hot 100 in January 1958 . Conflicts between Flores and Burgess over leadership and the band 's musical direction led to Flores 's departure . He signed away his rights to Tequila , and ultimately did not receive any royalties from the tune , despite its success . In the intervening years , he formed another group called the Original Champs and recorded for Saturn Records in 1963 . Flores continued to perform across California for the rest of his life . It was not until the early 2000s that he finally received royalties -- albeit only for sales in Europe -- for Tequila . Flores died on September 19 , 2006 as a consequence of complications of pneumonia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "982d3f2afcc5590585b5fbe12c335fee", "text": "Jay Chris Jhon Christian Contreras known as `` Jay Chris '' , ( born August 3 , 1982 in Florencia , Colombia ) is a Colombian singer and producer of the Paraguayan band Salamandra .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7e132fd84164e7d849baa5c52b9e3602", "text": "Olé (Azúcar Moreno album) Olé is the ninth studio album by Spanish duo Azúcar Moreno , released on Sony International in 1998 . After the commercial success of the 1996 album Esclava De Tu Piel which had produced five hit singles followed by `` Muévete Salvaje '' from the 1997 hits compilation Mucho Azúcar - Grandes Éxitos , Azúcar Moreno teamed up with producer Ricardo `` Eddy '' Martinez in Miami again for the recording of 1998 album Olé . The album included further original material from Spanish singer Miguel Gallardo and Luis Cabañas , the team that had composed most of the singles on the preceding Esclava De Tu Piel , collaborations between Gallardo and David Ferrero and Pedro del Moral , songs by producer Richardo `` Eddy '' Martinez and it also saw one of the Salazar sisters , Encarna , making her debut as composer on the track `` Dime Que Me Quieres '' . Production-wise Olé followed the winning combination of up-to-date club beats fused with flamenco and rock and contrasting R&B influenced ballads and rumbas , arrangement-wise the album differed slightly to its predecessor as it featured live strings on several titles . The album also closes with the acoustic `` No Pretenderás '' , with instrumentation of just flamenco guitars and palmas - and a guest appearance by the duo 's brothers Los Chunguitos . The lead single was the title track `` Olé '' , just like `` Sólo Se Vive Una Vez '' musically influenced by contemporary dance genres like reggaeton and dancehall but , as the title suggests , lyrically a tribute to the duo 's native Spain . `` Olé '' was also released as two separate remix singles , the second entitled Olé - The Summer '99 Remixes featuring the track remixed and with additional production by renowned Latin remixer , DJ , music producer and arranger Pablo Flores , best known for being Gloria Estefan 's personal remixer but also for having co-produced major hits for among others Madonna , Chayanne , Shakira and Ricky Martin . Flores ' Club Mix of `` Olé '' was substantially rearranged from the original , not just by speeding up the tempo for the dancefloor but by adding new orchestration of brass , flamenco guitars and castanets to emphasize the song 's lyrics and the track proved to be another big hit single for Azúcar Moreno in both Spain and Latin America . The second single released and second big hit was '' ¡ Mecachis ! '' ( `` Mechachis en la mar '' a mildly profane expression , roughly translated as `` Damnit ! '' ) , a midtempo dance track again written by Miguel Gallardo and Luis Cabañas and also issued with a series of dance remixes on the ¡ Mechachis ! - The Alabim-Bom-Ba-Remixes release , mixed by co-producers Pedro del Moral and David Ferrero . Further hit singles from the album include `` Cumbaya '' , the double A-side `` Ese Beso '' / `` No Pretenderás '' and `` Agua Que No Has De Beber '' . While Olé did n't manage to match the extraordinary sales figures of the preceding Esclava De Tu Piel - half a million in Spain alone - it did sell some two-hundred thousand copies and was later awarded double platinum in Spain .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc3f4cfb64f5627a1d102932577c67ba", "text": "Chris Barz Chris Barz ( stylized as `` x | | z '' , pronounced X Z ) is an American musician . Chris began his love for music on a piano at the age of 3 . At the age of 11 he developed a passion for rapping , and freestyle cyphers which created a love for bars , rhyming and clever wordplay . Chris started recording songs on a boombox tape recorder . At the age of 12 he was introduced to an MPC2000 XL and started producing beats and writing songs in middle school . Chris played in many popular young go-go bands growing up in Prince George 's County , Maryland and the District of Columbia , including his own Go-Go band called `` Total Assault '' . One day , while headed to shoot a video , Chris was riding passenger of a vehicle that was struck by a truck and totaled . Surviving with minor injuries , only to be involved in a similar accident with a truck totaling the vehicle while riding to band practice in Washington D.C. a second time . Feeling like he had a third shot at life , Chris began to live a life dedicated to leaving a legacy through music . His first hip-hop/rap mixtape landed him as Complex magazine 's 10 New DMV Rappers to Watch Out For , XXL Magazine 's 15 DMV Artists You Need To Know , and The Washington Post . . His love for piano and composition has led him to score songs for movies and stage plays . The stage play `` 7 Layers Captive '' by Stacy Jewell Lewis won Best Play & Performance in Professional Theater and premiered at the John F Kennedy Center for Performing Arts . On Friday , November 27 , his collaboration with Chris Brown , the airy and sensual `` Just So You Know '' was released which was produced and written by the young virtuoso . Chris is planning to release his self-produced debut project `` Angels & Jets '' in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93ae6fbe4dc22b8f84108bf54cf750d6", "text": "Jesse & Joy Jesse & Joy is a Mexican pop duo formed in 2005 by brother and sister ; Jesse ( born December 31 , 1982 , as Jesse Eduardo Huerta Uecke ) and Joy ( born June 20 , 1986 , as Tirzah Joy Huerta Uecke ) , from Mexico City . Introduced in 2005 by Argentine-Mexican duo Sin Bandera at the 2005 Mexican Teletón , Jesse & Joy released their debut album Esta Es Mi Vida in 2006 , through Warner Music Mexico . Their debut single , `` Espacio Sideral '' , was certified Gold by the Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas ( AMPROFON ) . The album reached the top twenty on the Mexican Album Chart , was certified Platinum by the AMPROFON , and helped the duo to win the Latin Grammy Award for Best New Artist the next year . In 2008 , Jesse & Joy released the Extended Play Esto Es Lo Que Soy , and next year their second studio album Electricidad . The album , which reached its peak position at number twenty-one on the Mexican Album Chart , was certified Gold by the AMPROFON . Electricidad included songs like `` Adiós '' , that peaked at number three on the Billboard Hot Latin Songs chart , and `` Chocolate '' . In 2011 , ¿ Con Quién Se Queda El Perro ? was launched as their third studio album . The album was certified 2 × Platinum by the AMPROFON , and includes songs like `` Me Voy '' , '' ¡ Corre ! '' and `` La de la Mala Suerte '' . At the 2012 Latin Grammy Awards , Jesse & Joy were nominated to four Grammy Awards , winning three of them : Best Contemporary Pop Album for ¿ Con Quién Se Queda El Perro ? , and Song and Record of the Year for '' ¡ Corre ! '' . Additionally , Carlos López Estrada received the Latin Grammy Award for Best Short Form Music Video for `` Me Voy '' . On December 5 , 2012 , ¿ Con Quién Se Queda El Perro ? received a Grammy Award nomination for Best Latin Pop Album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cefabfbcfb30df17aeedd964b9fcecbe", "text": "Los Freddy's Los Freddy 's ( or Los Freddys ) were a Mexican musical group , founded in 1962 in Guadalajara , Jalisco . The group was one of the most popular Mexican ensembles of the 1960s and 1970s . Early in their careers , the group earned popularity by playing cover songs of popular English-language songs ( such as Sam the Sham & the Pharaohs ' `` Wooly Bully '' and The Beatles ' `` Penny Lane '' ) that were translated into Spanish , as well as producing original romantic ballads . The band established themselves throughout Latin America as one of the top bands with a string of successful slow ballads and grupera songs . They were nominated for a Grammy Award in 1989 . In 1994 , lead singer Arturo Cisneros left the band to pursue a solo career and now performs under his own name . The remaining band members continue together with a new lead singer . A compilation album of the group 's 30 greatest hits released in 2003 produced a resurgence of the group 's popularity , earning the album a spot on the Billboard charts in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "29cdd9cfa95b2514eb60feb5eca9cbc9", "text": "Sinfonía Soledad Sinfonía Soledad ( Spanish for Solitude Symphony ) is the fifth album by Mexican rock band Panda , and the first to be recorded live . The album is based on a compilation of the best known songs of the band recorded on 25 and 26 November 2006 at the National Auditorium in Mexico City ; tracks `` Nunca Nadie Nos Podrá Parar ( Gracias ) '' ( which is a token of appreciation to their audience ) and `` No Te Deseo el Mal ... Pero Tampoco Te Deseo el Bien '' ( which was included on the soundtrack of the Mexican film Un Mundo Maravilloso ) are included as well . The first track `` Intro '' features Marcelo Treviño on keyboards . A small orchestra accompanies the quartet , dubbed by the band in plain concert Sinfonía Soledad . Besides the CD , the album includes a DVD with the live performance of songs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "23eda5da586f932392c2785c58780188", "text": "Mexican pop music Mexican pop is a music genre produced in Mexico , particularly intended for teenagers and young adults . Mexico is the country that exports the most entertainment in Spanish language . Mexican pop was limited to Latin America until the mid-1990s , when an interest towards this type of music increased after Luis Miguel 's , Lynda Thomas ' , Selena 's , Thalía 's , Gloria Trevi 's and Paulina Rubio 's debuts before the mainstream USA audience . During the 1960s and 1970s most of the pop music produced in Mexico consisted on Spanish-language versions of English-language rock-and-roll hits . Singers and musical groups like Angélica María , Johnny Laboriel , Alberto Vázquez , Enrique Guzmán or Los Teen Tops performed cover versions of songs by Elvis Presley , Paul Anka , Nancy Sinatra and others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "29f3fc7c8920970209411afa586d7cf9", "text": "Sasha, Benny y Erik Sasha , Benny y Erik are a pop band from Mexico . The group was formed by 3 former members of the Mexican pop group Timbiriche , consisting of Sasha Sokol , Benny Ibarra and Erik Rubin who are close friends in real life . With much anticipation by their fans , Sasha , Benny and Erik released the live album Primera Fila : Sasha Benny Erik . The project has enjoyed much success with a national tour that started in late 2012 and has continued through much of 2014 . The album has been certified triple platinum + gold in Mexico for sales exceeding 210,000 copies . Originally , the band performed 2 concerts at the National Auditorium in Mexico City in April 2013 , but due to demand , they did two more concerts at the venue in September of that same year . In 2013 , they released En Vivo desde el Auditorio Nacional , which went gold a few days after its release . At the end of 2013 , the album Primera Fila : Sasha Benny Erik was officially recognized by AMPROFON as the second best-selling album in Mexico that year ( after the album `` Confidencias '' by Alejandro Fernandez ) . In late 2014 , Sasha , Benny y Erik will release their first studio album `` Vuelta al Sol '' and release `` Esta Noche '' as their first single . Next singles were `` Todo tiene su lugar '' , `` Japi '' and `` Punto de partida '' . In 2015 , they performed at National Auditorium twice ( two concerts in May and other two in November ) . In early 2016 , they will release a new live album with new songs and hits , performed with several guests . First single `` Lo Siento '' featuring Pepe Aguilar , was released on February 19 in iTunes . In May , `` Entre Amigos '' was released and the band announced the end of the project in December . The album was certified as Gold some weeks later and they startred a farewell tour , which final performance will be on December 31 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "973d6e6bbcc386ed52b5cbb443d161e6", "text": "Botellita de Jerez Botellita de Jerez was a Mexican rock band , formed in Mexico City in 1982 . Their music is a fusion of rock , cumbia , and Mexican traditional music like mariachi and son , creating the genre called guacarrock ( rock and guacamole ) . The band was always distinguished by a festive and irreverent musical fusion , celebrating the culture of the nacos and integrating sketches and albures in its lyrics and concerts . Its style , standard rock , was combined with satirical lyrics that portrayed urban life and popular culture in Mexico City . In their song `` Guaca Rock de la Malinche '' , they coined the phrase Todo lo naco es chido ( Everything tacky is cool ) , trying to re-vindicate the popular culture of the lower socio-economic classes . Botellita de Jerez pioneered a lot of trends from contemporary art in Mexico and the United States , since it incorporated motifs from popular use , such as lucha libre , popular dances and slang , which are now commonly used among the upper classes as well . The name of the band comes from a Mexican saying used as rebuttal in an argument : `` Botellita de jerez , todo lo que me digas , será al revés '' , which literally means : `` Bottle of sherry , all you say to me will be otherwise '' However , the equivalent English idiom is : `` I 'm rubber , you 're glue , whatever you say bounces off me and sticks to you . '' One of their most notable songs is `` Niña de mis ojos '' included in the LP of the same name , which has been released on the albums `` El Ultimo Guacarrock '' and `` Superespecial Un Plug '' . The signature songs of Botellita de Jerez are `` Guacarrock '' , `` El Guaca Rock de la Malinche '' , `` Alarmala de Tos '' , `` Oh Denny 's '' and `` Abuelita de Batman '' ( The Granny of Batman ) which became the first cumbia-rock of the rock band , the song is notable for its parody-music video filmed in Colonia Santa María la Ribera in Mexico City .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e331fdd21df57265cb2a2891e5c73880", "text": "The Legends (Tejano band) The Legends are a Tejano `` supergroup '' of senior Tejano musicians . Members are Carlos Guzmán , Freddie Martínez , Sr. , Sunny Ozuna , and Augustín Ramírez . The group 's first album ¿ Qué Es Música Tejana ? ( 2000 ) won a Latin Grammy Award as Best Tejano Album in 2001 , and the group were nominated again at Latin Grammy Awards of 2007 for Otra Vez Raices ( 2006 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2b0c890f6a4f2e70cb8a84344c947c43", "text": "Chris Robinson (singer) Christopher Mark `` Chris '' Robinson ( born December 20 , 1966 ) is an American musician . He was the singer of the rock and roll band The Black Crowes and brother of its guitarist Rich Robinson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bed484404ebdcb0015c7152494229b8a", "text": "Luis Silva (songwriter) Luis Silva ( November 5 , 1943 -- October 22 , 2008 ) was a songwriter in the Tejano music market . Silva is considered by music critics to have been one of the `` most well-known and prolific songwriters in the history of Tejano music '' and `` one of the most influential and prolific songwriters and record label promoters in Tejano music history '' . Silva wrote two winning Tejano Music Awards for Song of the Year , won three consecutive times for Songwriter of the Year , and remains the most awarded songwriter for the Tejano Music Award for Single of the Year category . He is part of the American Society of Composers , Authors and Publishers ( ASCAP ) , and his songwriting career spanned three decades and included a roster from Ram Herrera , Mazz , La Mafia , David Marez , among others . Recordings written by Silva include `` Boulevard de Suenos '' ( Fama ) , `` Te Voy a ensenar a Querer '' ( Gary Hobbs ) , `` Entre mas Lejos me Vaya , '' ( David Marez ) , `` Borracho de Besos , '' ( La Fiebre ) ; `` Laura Ya No Vive Aquí , '' `` Ahora Quiero que me Quieras '' , `` Ayer y Hoy '' , and `` No quiero Olvidarte Otra Vez '' ( Mazz ) . In 1985 , Silva wrote `` Somos Hermanos '' for the Hunger Aid campaign . Silva also helped kickstart the careers of La Mafia and Mazz . He is considered to have also begin the Tejano renaissance era in the 1990s , during which the genre entered the mainstream market . In 2007 , Silva was inducted into the Premis a La Musica Latina Hall of Fame . Silva died of a heart attack after having dinner with his daughter on October 22 , 2008 in Dallas , Texas . According to his daughter , Silva had visited her to see her new house and that after going out for dinner Silva 's condition began to deteriorate . Silva laughed it off and continued to tour his daughter 's house , when Silva entered one of the bedrooms , he sat down and his daughter noticed his eyes rolled up , she tried to hold him but could n't because of his weight , she subsequently called the emergency responders ; but said he immediately died after the responders arrived .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "29cecfd07ad2fa339e9bcc5a12638451", "text": "Los Straitjackets Los Straitjackets is an American instrumental rock band that formed in Nashville , Tennessee in 1988 . Originally comprising guitarists Danny Amis ( formerly of the Raybeats ) , Eddie Angel and drummer L. J. `` Jimmy '' Lester under the name The Straitjackets , the band split up soon after forming , but reunited as Los Straitjackets in 1994 with the addition of bassist E. Scott Esbeck . Esbeck left the band in 1998 and was replaced by Pete Curry . The current lineup also features Greg Townson on guitar and Chris Sprague on drums . The band has released thirteen studio albums , four collaboration albums and three live albums .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d35a47e4ee366c7db3afb138ac9bbcc", "text": "Jay Perez Jay Perez is an American Tejano musician , who is known for his mixing of rhythm and blues with traditional Tejano music . Initially a drummer , he became a leading vocalist for Latin Breed and David Lee Garza y los Musicales . Perez began a solo career in the early 1990s and has released several solo albums . He has also won several Tejano Music Awards . To his fan base , he is known as `` The Voice '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dba910199abf6c02d97e429550ce91e8", "text": "Ricky Vela Ricardo `` Ricky '' Vela is an American award-winning songwriter and keyboardist for the band Selena y Los Dinos .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ae6278665a688ec1cadbc61aa92da12", "text": "Lucía Pérez Lucía Pérez Vizcaíno ( -LSB- luθi.a peɾeθ -RSB- ; born 5 July 1985 in O Incio , Lugo , Galicia ) is a Spanish singer who represented her country in the Eurovision Song Contest 2011 in Germany with the song `` Que me quiten lo bailao '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae757e153cff5ba1532b674171dfa604", "text": "Leiva (singer) José Miguel Conejo Torres better known by his artistic name Leiva ( born in Madrid , April 28 , 1980 ) , is a Spanish singer , musician and songwriter . Between 2001 and 2010 he led with Ruben Pozo the Spanish rock band Pereza , with which he recorded 6 albums . After the dissolution of the band , he started a solo career with 3 charting solo albums : Diciembre in 2012 , Pólvora in 2014 and Monstruos in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d11c17981bd233f416aeb18a14e980c3", "text": "Son del Montón Son de Montón is a Mexican band founded in 2004 in Guanajuato , which fuses Mexican traditional music , especially son music and other musical styles with a purpose of bringing traditional music to younger audiences . The members are Ignacio Piñón Pérez , who plays violin , a guitar called a jarana ( huasteca and jarocha versions ) and quijada , Anatolij Tkatschinski Pérez who plays jarana and quijada , Eduardo Vallejo Torres who plays percussion , Antonio López Cardons who plays jarana and harmonica , Fernanda Aldonza López Cardona , Primo Lara Stephens , Luis Jesús Cibrian García , José Abraham Morales Salazar and sound technician Jacob Sinuee Segoviano Alonzo . Its members come from Veracruz , Sinaloa , Chihuahua and Guanajuato , but the band is based in Guanajuato . Son del Montón blends Mexican folk music with elements of European and modern music . Mexican folk music is mostly represented by son ( jarocho and huasteco ) and calentano ( from Guerrero ) from various parts of Mexico , mostly focusing on the regions of the Sierra Gorda , La Huasteca , the mountainous regions of the Los Tuxtlas in Veracruz as well as areas in Tabasco . European and other foreign influences include jazz , blues , Italian ballad , Cuban son , Flamenco and African rhythms . The son itself is a mix of musical styles including indigenous , African and Spanish . It is the most widely played type of traditional music in Mexico , mostly in rural areas . Much of the fusion of European and African elements come from the Huapango music tradition of Mexico , with much of this musical style preserved by the group as well . Songs representative of this include El Cascabel , La Iguana and El Toro Zacamandú . Son de Montón blending of musical traditions follows that of a band named Afrotumbao , which fused African rhythms with Mexican son music . The band has played regularly in Mexico City , León and San Miguel de Allende . They have also participated in music festivals , especially those dedicated to son musical traditions . They have also participated in the 2005 and 2011 editions of the Festival Internacional Cervantino . In the first one , they were accompanied by the ballet folklorico group of the University of Guanajuato . They also appeared at the Festival Viva la Banda in 2011 in Guanajuato .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "f6fb213728472c1f0ea59b21959d4993", "text": "Beautiful People (UK TV series) Beautiful People was a British comedy drama television series based on the memoirs of Barneys creative director Simon Doonan . The series takes place in Reading , Berkshire , in 1997 , where thirteen-year-old Simon Doonan and his best friend Kylie dream of escaping their dreary suburban surroundings and moving to cosmopolitan London `` to live amongst the beautiful people '' . The first episode aired on BBC Two on 2 October 2008 and recorded overnight ratings of 1.5 million viewers and positive critical reaction . Episodes are self-contained , but do follow a loose story arc throughout the course of each series . The second and final series finished airing on 18 December 2009 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "0333be6a4cca2b80c176a1238be0956b", "text": "Beautiful Doom `` Beautiful Doom '' is the fifth episode of the ninth season of the American television medical drama Grey 's Anatomy , and the show 's 177th episode overall . Written by Jeannine Renshaw and directed by Stephen Cragg , the episode was originally broadcast on the American Broadcasting Company ( ABC ) in the United States on November 8 , 2012 . The initial airing was viewed by 9.26 million people and garnered a 3.3 / 8 Nielsen rating in the 18 -- 49 demographic , registering the show as the week 's highest rated television drama . Grey 's Anatomy centers around a group of physicians struggling to balance their professional lives with their personal lives . In the episode Meredith Grey ( Ellen Pompeo ) relives the memories of her half-sister Lexie Grey ( Chyler Leigh ) who died in the season eight finale plane crash when a patient with similar crush injuries comes into the hospital . The episode also focuses on Cristina Yang ( Sandra Oh ) who deals with the death of her Minnesota mentor Dr. Craig Thomas ( William Daniels ) in the middle of surgery . Meredith in spite of opposition from Richard Webber ( James Pickens Jr. ) tries to treat the crash victim while dealing with her personal feelings relating Lexie . She also juggles her daughter Zola at the hospital with the absence of her husband , Derek Shepherd ( Patrick Dempsey ) , with Owen Hunt ( Kevin McKidd ) , Callie Torres ( Sara Ramirez ) and Miranda Bailey ( Chandra Wilson ) helping her .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6eb6548b4b51f776e4702cf79e2a062e", "text": "Parenthood (season 5) The fifth season of the American television series Parenthood premiered on September 26 , 2013 and concluded on April 17 , 2014 . It consisted of 22 episodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4140e705522adbb6520bc4d344626205", "text": "Degrassi (season 14) The fourteenth and final season of Degrassi , a Canadian serial teen drama television series , premiered on October 28 , 2014 . Although only four school years have passed in the story timeline since season six , season fourteen is set during the final weeks of the spring semester in the years it aired . Writers have been able to use a semi-floating timeline , so that the issues depicted are modern for their viewers . This season again depicts the lives of a group of high school freshmen , sophomores , juniors , seniors and graduates as they deal with some of the challenges and issues that teenagers face such as teenage pregnancy , dysfunctional families , sexism , arson , sexting , sexual identity , miscarriages , anxiety disorders , drug use , child abuse , abstinence , and gang violence . The fourteenth season was announced on November 13 , 2013 . However , MTV Canada and TeenNick did not announce picking up the season until a month before the first episode was scheduled to air . Filming for the season commenced on April 11 , 2014 at Epitome Studios in Toronto . Filming continued into August , with a break before filming the final four episodes of the season in order to give Epitome the opportunity to start filming episodes for the first season of their new series . Filming for this season completed on October 6 , 2014 . On June 4 , 2015 , it was announced that Degrassi would no longer air on TeenNick or MTV Canada following the fourteenth season . However , on June 9 , 2015 , it was announced that Family Channel and Netflix had picked up the series and will air 20 new episodes in 2016 , renaming the show Degrassi : Next Class . This season featured the telenovela/soap opera format used in previous seasons , airing new episodes five days a week for the last two weeks of the season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6bdbd7d42d37c199b30c82e333b54f2", "text": "A Very Grammy Christmas Special A Very Grammy Christmas Special was a Christmas-themed television special that aired on CBS on December 5 , 2014 . Guests included Ariana Grande , Maroon 5 , Tim McGraw and Pharrell Williams . It received 4.73 million viewers and a 0.8 / 3 rating/share .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd5af43ad941940ab4010dc233751915", "text": "Got to Believe (season 2) Got to Believe started its second season storyline half-way of its 108th episode that was aired in the Philippines on January 22 , 2014 with the title , `` The New Chapter '' . Same with season 1 , each episode titles that appear at the intertitle were being used as official hashtags for the micro-blogging site Twitter . Season 2 had some of its scenes filmed in Singapore and this was also weaved into the narrative of the series . Chichay , Joaquin , Alex and Juliana were seen around the country 's famous places such as Merlion Park , The Helix Bridge , Marina Barrage , Gardens by the Bay , Haji Lane and Singapore Botanic Gardens . Being the final season , the television series concluded on March 7 , 2014 with the title `` Best Ending Ever '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7818643d39fd7c6fe4c46cd29b92ff1", "text": "Beautiful (Enrique Iglesias song) `` Beautiful '' is a song by Spanish singer Enrique Iglesias from his tenth studio album , Sex and Love . It features Australian recording artist Kylie Minogue and was also on her Kiss Me Once album . `` Beautiful '' was written by Iglesias , Mark Taylor , Alex Smith , and Samuel Preston , and it was produced by Taylor and Smith . The song was released as promotional single in Australia and New Zealand on 14 March 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06bee763ab88bf322c23edce2ef326cd", "text": "Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards 2014 The 20th Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards honoring the best in film for 2014 were announced on December 15 , 2014 . These awards `` recognizing extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association ( DFWFCA ) , based in the Dallas -- Fort Worth metroplex region of Texas . The organization , founded in 1990 , includes 30 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications based in north Texas . The Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association began presenting its annual awards list in 1993 . Birdman was the DFWFCA 's most awarded film of 2014 , taking five top honors . Birdman won in Best Picture , Best Actor ( Michael Keaton ) , Best Director ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu ) , Best Cinematography ( Emmanuel Lubezki ) , and Best Screenplay ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu , Nicolás Giacobone , Alexander Dinelaris Jr. , and Armando Bo ) . Another film , Boyhood , earned multiple 2014 honors from the DFWFCA . The coming-of-age tale received top honors in the Best Supporting Actress ( Patricia Arquette ) as well as being presented the Russell Smith Award as the `` best low-budget or cutting-edge independent film '' of the year . The award is named in honor of late Dallas Morning News film critic Russell Smith . Reese Witherspoon was named Best Actress for her role as Cheryl Strayed in Wild . The other films earning honors were Sweden 's Force Majeure for Best Foreign Language Film , Citizenfour as Best Documentary Film , and The Lego Movie for Best Animated Film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "855e9299e94c50dfc278728ad9688ee4", "text": "Being Eileen Being Eileen is a BBC `` heart-warming '' comedy-drama which began as a new six-part series on 4 February , and ended on 11 March 2013 . Originally titled Lapland , it was first broadcast in the United Kingdom on BBC One on 24 December 2011 , the channel the series airs on . Although initially a single 75-minute episode which was set in Lapland , Finland , it was announced as a series renamed Being Eileen , consisting of six 30 minute episodes , due to the success of the single episode , which was viewed by 6.9 million viewers upon its original airing . The series also aired on BBC Two as part of Sign Zone , which features sign language throughout . The series was released on DVD on 1 April 2013 . The series , written by Michael Wynne , features an ensemble cast . Headed by Sue Johnston , who plays Eileen Lewis , the programme focusses on her , the widowed matriarch of a `` large , close-knit and dysfunctional Northern family '' . The single episode focused on the family 's visit to Lapland , whilst the series focusses on their life in Birkenhead . Elizabeth Berrington and Stephen Graham ( later recast to Dean Andrews ) play Eileen 's children , whilst William Ash and Julie Graham play their partners . All the cast - Johnston , Berrington , Ash , Julie Graham and Keith Barron - a love interest for Eileen - returned for the series , with the exception of Stephen Graham and Zawe Ashton , who played Jingle Jill .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84950113a2aa56910a4b33a122b27087", "text": "The Ever After The Ever After is a 2014 American drama film directed by Mark Webber and starring Teresa Palmer , Rosario Dawson , Melissa Leo and Webber .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bfb9d6617a642ee30681290ae5410477", "text": "Lost Girl (season 5) Lost Girl is a Canadian supernatural drama television series that premiered on Showcase on September 12 , 2010 . The series was created by Michelle Lovretta and is produced by Jay Firestone and Prodigy Pictures Inc. , with the participation of the Canadian Television Fund ( Canada Media Fund ) , and in association with Shaw Media . It follows the life of a bisexual succubus named Bo , played by Anna Silk , as she learns to control her superhuman abilities , help those in need , and discover the truth about her origins . On February 27 , 2014 , Showcase and Shaw Media announced the renewal for a fifth and final season , with production starting in spring and the season set to air Fall 2014 . On August 25 , 2014 , Showcase announced that season 5 would be the last , with the original 13-episode order increased to 16 final episodes and the season divided into Part 1 and Part 2 . In the United States , on March 3 , 2015 , Syfy announced the premiere of season 5 on April 17 , 2015 , at 10 p.m. , with the show 's broadcast day changed to Friday . The time slot was afterwards changed to Thursday at 10 p.m. effective May 21 , with episode `` Clear Eyes , Fae Hearts '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bcbbb9e586fd8b807beb9094fa83e3d6", "text": "You're Getting Old `` You 're Getting Old '' is the seventh episode and the mid-season finale of the fifteenth season of the American animated television series South Park , and the 216th episode of the series overall . It first aired on Comedy Central in the United States on June 8 , 2011 . In the episode , Stan begins to develop a profound sense of cynicism after celebrating his tenth birthday , where he is literally seeing everything as `` crap '' . Meanwhile , Randy latches onto a new music genre , `` tween wave , '' in an attempt to fit in , which causes problems in his marriage with Sharon . The episode was written by series co-creator Trey Parker and was produced at the end of the show 's `` spring '' run . He and co-creator Matt Stone had created the idea of Stan 's existential crisis as a parallel with their own real-life aging . `` You 're Getting Old '' ends abruptly ; Stan 's parents separate and his problem remains unresolved . The conclusion was inspired by modern television dramas , which are often serialized and are less likely to have the standard `` happy ending . '' The episode created significant media attention , and was interpreted by some critics as a metaphor for the frustration experienced by creators Parker and Stone stemming from the show 's continued production ; other critics , and several viewers , speculated on whether the episode was meant as a series finale . The episode received very positive reviews from contemporary television critics , who praised the episode 's ending and overarching theme on growing older . According to Nielsen Media Research , the episode was seen by 2.29 million viewers the week it was broadcast . The episode 's ending is continued in the mid-season premiere , `` Ass Burgers '' , which aired in October 2011 . `` You 're Getting Old '' was released on DVD and Blu-ray along with the rest of the fifteenth season on March 27 , 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a4e4d443ed1498ec19289b5df1b8883", "text": "List of Psych episodes Psych is an American crime/mystery comedy television series that premiered on July 7 , 2006 on USA Network , and aired its series finale on March 26 , 2014 . It stars James Roday as Shawn Spencer , who uses his eidetic memory with the observational and investigative skills that his father ingrained in him during childhood to fake being a psychic who consults with the Santa Barbara Police Department to solve cases , as well as running a psychic detective agency called Psych . He is ( reluctantly ) helped in his charade by his best friend , Burton `` Gus '' Guster ( Dulé Hill ) , and his father , Henry Spencer ( Corbin Bernsen ) . He generally works with police detectives Carlton Lassiter ( Timothy Omundson ) and Juliet O'Hara ( Maggie Lawson ) and under the direction of Police Chief Karen Vick ( Kirsten Nelson ) . Episodes usually begin with a flashback to Shawn 's youth , showcasing one of Henry 's lessons for his son . These lessons are typically used or applied later in the episode . During the run of Psych 121 episodes aired . On May 8 , 2017 , USA Network announced `` Psych '' would return for a 2-hour TV movie to air in December 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3741b65b999c16bf480750ea1b6d26b", "text": "Living Single Living Single is an American television sitcom that aired for five seasons on the Fox network from August 29 , 1993 , to January 1 , 1998 . The show centered on the lives of six friends who share personal and professional experiences while living in a Brooklyn brownstone . Throughout its run , Living Single became one of the most popular African-American sitcoms of its era , ranking among the top five in African-American ratings in all five seasons . The series was produced by Yvette Lee Bowser 's company , Sister Lee , in association with Warner Bros. . Television . In contrast to the popularity of NBC 's `` Must See TV '' -- first on Sunday nights and then later on Thursday nights in the 1990s -- many African-American and Latino viewers flocked to Fox . For the 1993 -- 94 season , Living Single aired on Sunday nights between Martin and Married ... with Children , and then on Thursday nights from 1994 to 1998 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "98a5588326909f1c9ea728dd789a84aa", "text": "But Beautiful (song) `` But Beautiful '' is a popular song with music written by Jimmy Van Heusen , the lyrics by Johnny Burke . The song was published in 1947 . One of five songs written by Burke and Van Heusen featured in the Paramount Pictures movie Road to Rio ( 1947 ) , it was introduced by Bing Crosby and is also associated with his leading lady Dorothy Lamour . The song was a hit in 1948 for Frank Sinatra ( reaching the No. 14 spot ) , Bing Crosby ( # 20 ) , Margaret Whiting ( # 21 ) and Art Lund ( # 25 ) . The original key is G major and has the form A-B1-A-B2 . Chick Corea recorded a piano solo version of it in the original key of G major , but it has been recorded in many different keys , including F major ( later Sinatra ) , C major ( Bill Evans and Stan Getz ) , D major ( Tony Bennett and Lady Gaga ) , Billie Holiday ( B-flat major ) and Nat King Cole ( E major ) . It is usually performed as a ballad .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ebcab7c302a2d62b6679465541d15dd5", "text": "Total Drama All-Stars and Pahkitew Island Total Drama All-Stars and Total Drama : Pahkitew Island are two 13-episode segments that both make up the fifth season of the Canadian animated television series , Total Drama . The season was commissioned by Cartoon Network in October 2012 , ordering 26 episodes . It is a sequel to Total Drama Island , Total Drama Action , Total Drama World Tour , and Total Drama : Revenge of the Island . The season was produced by Fresh TV and the Aboriginal Peoples Television Network and distributed by Cake Entertainment . Owing to the series ' premise , the season presents itself as a parody of reality television series , such as Survivor . The entire season first premiered in the United States starting on September 10 , 2013 on Cartoon Network for the first part , with the second part premiering in the United States on July 7 , 2014 for a two-week time period . In Canada , the first part premiered on Teletoon during their `` Ca n't Miss Thursdays '' time slot starting January 9 , 2014 . The second part of the season also premiered during their `` Ca n't Miss Thursdays '' time slot on Teletoon starting on September 4 , 2014 . The second half of the season also premiered on the APTN network in 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "066bdc35887eae267a26760f468e5805", "text": "Hello Beautiful (disambiguation) Hello Beautiful can refer to : `` Hello , Beautiful '' , a 1931 song by Maurice Chevalier , also featured in several Betty Boop films ( Bimbo Express , 1931 ; Stopping the Show , 1932 ; Betty Boop 's Rise to Fame , 1934 ) `` Hello Beautiful '' , a song from the 2007 Jonas Brothers album `` Hello , Beautiful '' , a song by Vic Mignogna from his 2007 album Metafiction The Powers Girl , sometimes retitled Hello , Beautiful , a 1943 musical comedy about women employed by a modeling agency Hello Beautiful , an alternative/hip hop/rock fusion band from Whitby , Ontario , Canada Hello Beautiful ! , a popular weekly radio program in Chicago about arts , architecture and culture , created and hosted by Edward Lifson", "title": "" }, { "docid": "23ab3ccf19cd5f4ccc4fedbcd093a10a", "text": "28th PMPC Star Awards for Television The 28th PMPC Star Awards for Television ( organized by Philippine Movie Press Club headed by President Fernan de Guzman and produced by Airtime Marketing Philippines , Inc. headed by Tessie Celestino-Howard ) awarding ceremony was held last November 23 , 2014 , at the Solaire Resort and Casino Grand Ballroom , Paranaque City and will be broadcast on ABS-CBN Channel 2 on November 30 , 2014 ( `` Sunday 's Best '' , 10:45 pm ) . The awards night will be hosted by Iza Calzado , Kim Chiu , Enchong Dee and Piolo Pascual with performances by Maja Salvador , James Reid , Pokwang , and the cast of Bubble Gang ; directed by Arnel Natividad .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "17f1ebeb5495f37374b6176bfd7ebd66", "text": "Beautiful People (Pet Shop Boys song) `` Beautiful People '' is a song written and recorded by the Pet Shop Boys group , and was released on 2 October 2009 , as the third single from their tenth studio album : Yes . This single was released in Germany only first , at the request of EMI . In November it was released in the US as a download . The B-side , `` Fugitive '' , had previously been published ( in an extended version ) on the limited edition of their 2006 album Fundamental . The song was produced by Richard X. Both the demo version of `` Beautiful People '' and the remix of `` Up and Down '' had been previously available digitally . The demo was available to stream from the official Pet Shop Boys website and the remix was available as a free download during the `` Did You See Me Coming ? '' single campaign . Remixes by Vinny Vero were commissioned but not used due to delays in their completion . They were later released unofficially as a free download on Vero 's website .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "257f3b722a90544e1bf9d2b665d93890", "text": "2014 iHeartRadio Music Awards The 2014 iHeartRadio Music Awards , was the inaugural music award show presented by iHeartMedia 's platform iHeartRadio and NBC . The awards were held on May 1 , 2014 , at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles . The awards show was announced on February 26 , 2014 . The nominations were compiled by the results of Mediabase charts , listener feedback and digital straming data from the iHeartRadio platform and announced on March 26 , 2014 . The awards recognized the biggest artists and songs of the year . The show was directed by Hamish Hamilton . The voting took place on iHeartRadio 's official webpage except for the `` Instagram Award '' , where voting took place on social network Instagram . Rihanna led the nominations with eight and also became the biggest winner of the night with four wins including Artist of the Year and Song of the Year . NBC 's telecast of the iHeartRadio Music Awards drew 5.4 million viewers overall and a rating of 1.7 in the key 18-to-49-year-old demographic .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9bd7d2fc0921823c22ed7a1c149c4500", "text": "Dancing with the Stars (Australian season 14) The fourteenth season of Dancing with the Stars premiered on 30 September 2014 . Daniel McPherson had returned to host the season , alongside Edwina Bartholemew . Todd McKenney and Helen Richey returned as judges , alongside Kym Johnson and Adam Garcia . The show received significant promotion using Nathaniel Willemse 's song `` Live Louder '' in the use of its television commercials throughout early September . AFL player David Rodan won the competition with his pro dancer , Melanie Hooper .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "0b3b33e6ae5c1121973600fa19ee27a5", "text": "Stranger Things Stranger Things is an American science fiction-horror web television series created , written , directed and co-executive produced by the Duffer Brothers , as well as co-executive-produced by Shawn Levy and Dan Cohen . The first season stars Winona Ryder , David Harbour , Finn Wolfhard , Millie Bobby Brown , Gaten Matarazzo , Caleb McLaughlin , Natalia Dyer , Charlie Heaton , Cara Buono , and Matthew Modine , with Noah Schnapp and Joe Keery in recurring roles . The second season will see Schnapp and Keery promoted to series regulars , along with the addition of Sadie Sink and Dacre Montgomery . Set in the fictional town of Hawkins , Indiana in the 1980s , the first season focuses on the investigation into the disappearance of a young boy by his friends , older brother and traumatized mother and the local police chief , amid supernatural events occurring around the town including the appearance of a psychokinetic girl who helps the missing boy 's friends in their own search . The second season is set a year after the first , and deals with attempts of the characters to return to normal and consequences from that season . The Duffer Brothers developed the series as a mix of investigative drama alongside supernatural elements with childlike sensibilities , establishing its time frame in the 1980s and creating a homage #Noun to pop culture of that decade . Several themes and directorial aspects were inspired and aesthetically informed by the works of Steven Spielberg , John Carpenter , and Stephen King , among others . The series was released on Netflix on July 15 , 2016 . It received critical acclaim for its characterization , pacing , atmosphere , acting , soundtrack , directing , writing and homages to 1980s genre films . The series has received several industry nominations and awards , including winning the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series in 2016 . On August 31 , 2016 , Netflix renewed the series for a second season of nine episodes , which is set to be released on October 31 , 2017 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "8d5421fa1fb49124f6a217b71b082496", "text": "The Things We Bury `` The Things We Bury '' is the eighth episode of the second season of the American television series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. , based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D. ( Strategic Homeland Intervention , Enforcement and Logistics Division ) , revolving around the character of Phil Coulson and his team of S.H.I.E.L.D. agents as they search for a hidden alien city , and discover secrets about their enemies . It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe ( MCU ) , sharing continuity with the films of the franchise . The episode was written by DJ Doyle and directed by Milan Cheylov . Clark Gregg reprises his role as Coulson from the film series , and is joined by principal cast members Ming-Na Wen , Brett Dalton , Chloe Bennet , Iain De Caestecker , Elizabeth Henstridge , and Nick Blood . Hayley Atwell reprises her role from other MCU projects in flashbacks with connections to the television series Agent Carter and the films Captain America : The First Avenger and Captain America : The Winter Soldier . `` The Things We Bury '' originally aired on ABC on November 18 , 2014 , and according to Nielsen Media Research , was watched by 4.58 million viewers . The episode received a mostly positive critical response , with the episode 's flashback sequences , and the performance of MacLachlan , praised , but an issue of ` over-crowding ' of storylines was frequently brought up by critics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9f8b288d5b9b64ca51ce3a3bd406937", "text": "Alien abduction claimants Alien abduction claimants ( also called abductees and experiencers ) are people who have claimed to have been abducted by aliens . The term `` abduction phenomenon '' describes claims of non-human creatures kidnapping individuals and temporarily removing them from familiar terrestrial surroundings . The abductors , usually interpreted as being extraterrestrial life forms , are said to subject experiencers to a forced medical examination that emphasizes the alleged experiencer 's reproductive system . The first alien abduction narrative to be widely publicized was the Betty and Barney Hill abduction in 1961 . Since that time , the credibility and mental health of alleged experiencers has taken on great importance to those seeking to determine the veracity of the abduction claims . Mainstream academics and members of the skeptics movement generally doubt that the phenomenon occurs literally as reported , and have proposed a variety of alternate explanations . Such skeptics often argue that the phenomenon might be a modern-day folk myth or vivid dreams occurring in a state of sleep paralysis . On the contrary ufologists and paranormal researchers hold positions closer to the face-value of abduction claims . The discovery of common psychological traits shared by abductees would have the potential to determine a neurological explanation for the claims , while other commonalities or differences may serve to reinforce that the claims of the experiencers do in fact correspond with objective reality .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe979c57ba1b24dba14da9a14670e22c", "text": "Paraspace The term ` paraspace ' comes from Samuel R. Delany , a ` space ' existing parallel to normal or ordinary space . According to Delany , the para-space is an alternate space that ` exists parallel to the normal space of the diegesis -- a rhetorically heightened `` other realm ''' ( Bukatman 1993 : 157 ) . Bukatman ( 1993 : 157 ) says `` Cyberspace is clearly a '' paraspace ' . ' `` Delany connects cyberpunk to the mysterious lunar artifact of Algis Budrys ' Rogue Moon and early evocations of outer space , all of which use inflated rhetoric to differentiate `` paraspace '' from mundane dimensions '' Samuel Review Essay . Paraspace is defined by Barry Malzberg as `` the condition of hyperspace -LSB- that -RSB- is itself insane '' ( as cited by Bukatman , 1993 : 157 ) . Michael Fisch ( 2004 : 371 , citing Murakami , 2002 : 157 ) comments `` While the para-space is often inaugurated through cognition it is always a ` materially manifested ' and ` linguistically intensified ' space in which ` conflicts that begin in ordinary space are resolved ' '' ( Murakami 2002 : 157 ) . Implications Walter Benjamin ( 1936/1968 ) declare the end of storytelling because of its incapacity to relate traumatic experiences , such as warfare , shell shock in World War I . As work lost its spaces to practice not just storytelling , but storylistening , the skills of interpretation of experience atrophied . Paraspace is the hyperspace gone insane ( Malzberg , The worker flesh-body is displaced by the corporate ad-inventions , set on the global stage of `` technoorganic reconstructions of the flesh '' ( Bukatman , 1993 : 19 ) . Walter Benjamin ( 1936 ) declared that the art of storytelling is coming to an end . We can no longer tell a tale of trauma properly . We can no longer exchange our experiences of trauma of war ( PTSD ) , economic collapse sending millions into homelessness , including veterans of the recent wars , the ubiquitousness of sweatshops , and so on . Of relevance to paraspace , the lost art of storytelling has an accumulated effect ( Fisch , 2004 : p. 365 ) ; it gets worth with cyber-real . / When the ` real ' pokes through the cyberspace , it gets quickly displaced by obfuscation . Our ` real ' in hyperspace is not closer to Lacanian Real ( FIsch , p. 372 ) . Paraspace is invisible , yet has material consequences ( Bukatman , 1992 ) . Benjamin , W. ( 1936/1968 ) Illuminations , New York : Harcourt Brace & World . Bukatman , S. ( 1992 ) . Amidst These Fields of Data : Allegory , Rhetoric , and the Paraspace . Critique : Studies in Contemporary Fiction , 33 ( 3 ) , 199-219 . Bukatman , S. ( 1993 ) Terminal Identity : The Virtual Subject in Postmodern Science Fiction , Durham , NC : Duke University Press . Delany , Samuel R. ( 1988 ) . Some real mothers : An interview with Samuel R. Delany by Takayuki Tatsumi . '' Science Fiction Eye , 1 , # 3 : 5-11 . Fisch , M. ( 2004 , October ) . In search of the real : technology , shock and language in Murakami Haruki 's Sputnik Sweetheart . In Japan Forum ( Vol . 16 , No. 3 , pp. 361 -- 383 ) . Taylor & Francis . Murakami , H. ( 2002 ) Sputnik Sweetheart , trans . P. Gabriel , New York : Vintage International .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba8ac590de976af464d578c5caba51f0", "text": "Black Skin, White Masks Black Skin , White Masks ( Peau noire , masques blancs ) is a 1952 book by Frantz Fanon , in which Fanon studies the psychology of the racism and dehumanization inherent in situations of colonial domination . With the application of historical interpretation , and the concomitant underlying social indictment , the psychiatrist Frantz Fanon formulated Black Skin , White Masks to combat the oppression of black people . He applied psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic theory to explain the feelings of dependency and inadequacy that Black people experience in a White world . That the divided self-perception of the Black Subject who has lost his native cultural origin , and embraced the culture of the Mother Country , produces an inferiority complex in the mind of the Black Subject , who then will try to appropriate and imitate the culture of the colonizer . Such behavior is more readily evident in upwardly mobile and educated black people who can afford to acquire status symbols within the world of the colonial ecumene , such as an education abroad and mastery of the language of the colonizer , the white masks . Based upon , and derived from , the concepts of the collective unconscious and collective catharsis , the sixth chapter , `` The Negro and Psychopathology '' , presents brief , deep psychoanalyses of colonized black people , and thus proposes the inability of black people to fit into the norms ( social , cultural , racial ) established by white society . That `` a normal Negro child , having grown up in a normal Negro family , will become abnormal on the slightest contact of the white world . '' That , in a white society , such an extreme psychological response originates from the unconscious and unnatural training of black people , from early childhood , to associate `` blackness '' with `` wrongness '' . That such unconscious mental training of black children is effected with comic books and cartoons , which are cultural media that instil and affix , in the mind of the white child , the society 's cultural representations of black people as villains . Moreover , when black children are exposed to such images of villainous black people , the children will experience a psychopathology ( psychological trauma ) , which mental wound becomes inherent to their individual , behavioral make-up ; a part of his and her personality . That the early-life suffering of said psychopathology -- black skin associated with villainy -- creates a collective nature among the men and women who were reduced to colonized populations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28b230e94a52735920110d6065e96160", "text": "Uncanny valley In aesthetics , the uncanny valley is the hypothesis that human replicas which appear almost , but not exactly , like real human beings elicit feelings of eeriness and revulsion among some observers . Valley denotes a dip in the human observer 's affinity for the replica , a relation that otherwise increases with the replica 's human likeness . Examples can be found in robotics , 3D computer animations , and lifelike dolls among others . With the increasing prevalence of virtual reality , augmented reality , and photorealistic computer animation , the ` valley ' has been cited in the popular press in reaction to the verisimilitude of the creation as it approaches indistinguishability from reality . For example , Telus 's attempt to replace real animals in advertisements with animations like this wound up firmly in the ` uncanny valley ' and had negative , not positive , impact on those viewing the spots . Similar reactions can occur with special effects where care is not taken to either break away from the audience 's expectation of reality completely or honor it ( People and objects noticably not traveling in proper parabolic arcs when knocked flying , or real human bodies clearly being subject to loads that would not be survivable in reality -- the flight of Tom Cruise from helicopter to train at the end of Mission Impossible failed both of these tests . ) The ` uncanny valley ' has therefore moved from its origin about reactions to human simulacra , to reactions about photorealistic simulacra in general .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9e214b68f74c8d1d202d7f638ce7b7e5", "text": "Aaron Hotchner Aaron Hotchner is a fictional character from the CBS crime drama Criminal Minds , portrayed by Thomas Gibson . He is a Supervisory Special Agent and the unit chief of the FBI 's Behavioral Analysis Unit , and has appeared from the series ' pilot episode `` Extreme Aggressor '' , which was originally broadcast on September 22 , 2005 . Hotch begins the series married to his high school sweetheart Haley ( Meredith Monroe ) . They have a son named Jack ( Cade Owens ) , though they later separated over Hotch 's dedication to his job . Meredith Monroe 's character Haley was later killed in season five by serial killer George Foyet . Two years after Haley 's death , he met triathlon runner Beth Clemmons , and had been in a relationship with her , until season ten when it is revealed he broke things off with her when she was offered a job in Hong Kong . On August 12 , 2016 , CBS producers announced that Gibson had been dismissed from Criminal Minds following a physical altercation with one of the show 's writers and that `` creative details '' regarding the character 's departure would be announced at a later date . After appearing in the first two episodes of the 2016-2017 season , the Hotchner character was removed from the opening credits of subsequent episodes . At the start of the third episode , one character explained Hotch 's absence by remarking that he was on TDY . In episode 12.6 titled `` Elliott 's Pond '' it was revealed that Gibson 's character , Aaron Hotchner , was leaving his post as longtime head of the Behavioral Analysis Unit after Peter Lewis ( aka Mr. Scratch ) began stalking Hotch 's son , Jack . The two decided to enter the Witness Protection Program . The move would make it nearly impossible for Hotch to return to his field of work at the BAU , prompting him to resign from the position in effort to protect Jack . A new BAU chief had to be named and Hotch personally requested Emily Prentiss ( Paget Brewster ) , which in turn she eventually accepted .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a8a1cdba53883b89397a70838aa2618", "text": "Shapeshifting In mythology , folklore and speculative fiction , shapeshifting ( or metamorphosis ) is the ability of a being or creature to completely transform its physical form or shape . This is usually achieved through an inherent ability of a mythological creature , divine intervention , or the use of magic . The idea of shapeshifting is present in the oldest forms of totemism and shamanism , as well as the oldest extant literature and epic poems , including works such as the Epic of Gilgamesh and the Iliad , where the shapeshifting is usually induced by the act of a deity . The idea persisted through the Middle Ages , where the agency causing shapeshifting is usually a sorcerer or witch , and into the modern period . It remains a common trope in modern fantasy , children 's literature , and works of popular culture . The most common form of shapeshifting myths is that of therianthropy , which is the transformation of a human being into an animal or conversely , of an animal into human form . Legends allow for transformations into plants and objects , and the assumption of another human countenance ( e.g. fair to ugly ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f2787c688a834bac902fe1795f962bd3", "text": "Mirror box A mirror box is a box with two mirrors in the center ( one facing each way ) , invented by Vilayanur S. Ramachandran to help alleviate phantom limb pain , in which patients feel they still have a limb after having it amputated . The wider use of mirrors in this way is known as mirror therapy . In a mirror box the patient places the good limb into one side , and the residual limb into the other . The patient then looks into the mirror on the side with the good limb and makes `` mirror symmetric '' movements , as a symphony conductor might , or as we do when we clap our hands . Because the subject is seeing the reflected image of the good hand moving , it appears as if the phantom limb is also moving . Through the use of this artificial visual feedback it becomes possible for the patient to `` move '' the phantom limb , and to unclench it from potentially painful positions . Based on the observation that phantom limb patients were much more likely to report paralyzed and painful phantoms if the actual limb had been paralyzed prior to amputation ( for example , due to a brachial plexus avulsion ) , Ramachandran and Rogers-Ramachandran proposed the `` learned paralysis '' hypothesis of painful phantom limbs . Their hypothesis was that every time the patient attempted to move the paralyzed limb , they received sensory feedback ( through vision and proprioception ) that the limb did not move . This feedback stamped itself into the brain circuitry through a process of Hebbian learning , so that , even when the limb was no longer present , the brain had learned that the limb ( and subsequent phantom ) was paralyzed . Ramachandran 's theory was challenged by a 2010 research study conducted by Marian Michielsen of the University Medical Center , Rotterdam . Michielsen carried out research involving 22 stroke victims which suggests that mirror therapy works by enhancing the spatial coupling between limbs . Michielsen stated that `` The hypothesis that the mirror illusion enhances spatial coupling is supported by studies on healthy volunteers , showing that the mirror illusion increased the tendency of one limb to take on the spatial properties of the other limb .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "955de93aba8f65459d3c0722dc962680", "text": "Treehouse of Horror IV `` Treehouse of Horror IV '' is the fifth episode of The Simpsons ' fifth season and the fourth episode in the Treehouse of Horror series of Halloween specials . It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on October 28 , 1993 , and features three short stories called `` The Devil and Homer Simpson '' , `` Terror at 5 1/2 Feet '' , and `` Bart Simpson 's Dracula '' . The episode was directed by David Silverman and co-written by Conan O'Brien , Bill Oakley , Josh Weinstein , Greg Daniels , Dan McGrath , and Bill Canterbury . In `` The Devil and Homer Simpson '' , Homer Simpson announces he would sell his soul for a doughnut , and the Devil appears to make a deal with Homer . Homer tries to outsmart the Devil by not finishing the doughnut but eventually eats it and is sent to Hell . A trial is held between Homer and the Devil to determine the rightful owner of Homer 's soul . In `` Terror at 5 1/2 Feet '' , while riding the bus to school , Bart Simpson believes he sees a gremlin taking apart the bus piece by piece . Nobody sees it except for Bart , so he tries to remove it on his own . In `` Bart Simpson 's Dracula '' , Mr. Burns is a vampire and Bart falls victim to his bite . Lisa and the rest of the family go to Burns ' castle to kill Burns so Bart can return to normal . As with the rest of the Halloween specials , the episode is considered non-canon and falls outside of the show 's regular continuity . The episode makes cultural references to television series such as The Twilight Zone , Night Gallery , and Peanuts . References are also made to films such as Bram Stoker 's Dracula and The Lost Boys . Since airing , the episode has received mostly positive reviews from television critics . It acquired a Nielsen rating of 14.5 , and was the highest-rated show on the Fox network the week it aired .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "572b4d1165e700bbe47e568a64685ef6", "text": "William Gibson William Ford Gibson ( born March 17 , 1948 ) is an American-Canadian speculative fiction writer and essayist widely credited with pioneering the science fiction subgenre known as cyberpunk . Beginning his writing career in the late 1970s , his early works were noir , near-future stories that explored the effects of technology , cybernetics , and computer networks on humans -- a `` combination of lowlife and high tech '' -- and helped to create an iconography for the information age before the ubiquity of the Internet in the 1990s . Gibson notably coined the term `` cyberspace '' in his short story `` Burning Chrome '' ( 1982 ) and later popularized the concept in his acclaimed debut novel Neuromancer ( 1984 ) . These early works have been credited with `` renovating '' science fiction literature after it had fallen largely into insignificance in the 1970s . After expanding on Neuromancer with two more novels to complete the dystopic Sprawl trilogy , Gibson collaborated with Bruce Sterling on the alternate history novel The Difference Engine ( 1990 ) , which became an important work of the science fiction subgenre steampunk . In the 1990s , Gibson composed the Bridge trilogy of novels , which explored the sociological developments of near-future urban environments , postindustrial society , and late capitalism . Following the turn of the century and the events of 9/11 , Gibson emerged with a string of increasingly realist novels -- Pattern Recognition ( 2003 ) , Spook Country ( 2007 ) , and Zero History ( 2010 ) -- set in a roughly contemporary world . These works saw his name reach mainstream bestseller lists for the first time . His more recent novel , The Peripheral ( 2014 ) , returned to a more overt engagement with technology and recognizable science fiction concerns . In 1999 , The Guardian described Gibson as `` probably the most important novelist of the past two decades , '' while the Sydney Morning Herald called him the `` noir prophet '' of cyberpunk . Throughout his career , Gibson has written more than 20 short stories and 10 critically acclaimed novels ( one in collaboration ) , contributed articles to several major publications , and collaborated extensively with performance artists , filmmakers , and musicians . His work has been cited as an influence across a variety of disciplines spanning academia , design , film , literature , music , cyberculture , and technology .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37fa6679f2f80081e0ed2b7d013b310a", "text": "Clairvoyance Clairvoyance ( / klɛɹˈvɔɪəns / or / klɛəˈvɔɪəns / ) ( from French clair meaning `` clear '' and voyance meaning `` vision '' ) is the alleged ability to gain information about an object , person , location or physical event through extrasensory perception . Any person who is claimed to have some such ability is said accordingly to be a clairvoyant ( / klerˈvɔɪənt / ) ( `` one who sees clearly '' ) . Claims for the existence of paranormal and psychic abilities such as clairvoyance have not been supported by scientific evidence published in high impact factor peer reviewed journals . Parapsychology explores this possibility , but the existence of the paranormal is not accepted by the scientific community . Parapsychology , including the study of clairvoyance , is an example of pseudoscience .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "96fed37dfdc81f1bd8419a5c25397fb0", "text": "Stigmatic-eligibilic paraphilia Stigmatic-eligibilic paraphilias are desires whose objects `` become eligible '' to be desired because of , rather than despite , a stigma which they bear . The manifold manifestations of these paraphilias cover the broadest range of physical , intimate and social circumstance . In the context of a stigmatic-eligibilic paraphilia , what is considered repulsive , unsuitable , prohibited , abnormal or taboo by most people turns into something attractive , suitable , permitted , normal and licensed . Thus , in paedophilia , necrophilia and zoophilia , children , corpses and animals are desired despite being incapable of forming sexual ( or , indeed , any ) relationships . In the attraction to disability , disabled people are desired despite deviating from the physical standard . In gerontophilia and ephebophilia , significantly older or younger people are desired despite being generally considered unsuitable due to great difference in age . In hybristophilia , notorious criminals are desired despite being generally considered objectionable . In urolagnia , coprophilia and emetophilia , urinating , defecating and vomiting in intimate circumstances are seen as arousing despite the general views that they are repulsive . In this sense , stigmatic-eligibilic paraphilias can seem ` non-conformist ' and ` taboo-busting . ' Stigmatic-eligibilic paraphilias are generally thought to result from intense and memorable childhood experiences ( `` sexuoerotic tragedies , '' though they may not be distressing ) which `` deform '' the future adult 's idea of what is and what is not attractive ( their `` lovemap '' ) . Attempting to accommodate the extraordinary experience into an acceptable mental frame of reference , the future adult may `` triumph '' over it by use of a logic whereby the terms of reference commonly associated with it are reversed . Category : Paraphilias", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ddce0c0cb65863c8e7fe09be4ce69612", "text": "Doctor Strange Stephen Vincent Strange , M.D. is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . Created by artist Steve Ditko and writer Stan Lee , the character first appeared in Strange Tales # 110 ( cover-dated July 1963 ) . Doctor Strange serves as the Sorcerer Supreme , the primary protector of Earth against magical and mystical threats . Inspired by stories of black magic and Chandu the Magician , Strange was created during the Silver Age of Comics to bring a different kind of character and themes of mysticism to Marvel Comics . The character 's origin story relates that he was once a brilliant but egotistical surgeon . After a car accident severely damages his hands and hinders his ability to perform surgery , he searches the globe for a way to repair them and encounters the Ancient One . After becoming one of the old Sorcerer Supreme 's students , he becomes a practitioner of both the mystical arts as well as martial arts . Along with knowing many powerful spells , he has a costume with two mystical objects -- the Cloak of Levitation and Eye of Agamotto -- which give him added powers . Strange is aided along the way by his friend and valet , Wong , and a large assortment of mystical objects . He takes up residence in a mansion called the Sanctum Sanctorum , located in New York City . Later , Strange takes the title of Sorcerer Supreme . In 2008 , Doctor Strange was ranked 83rd in Wizards `` 200 Greatest Comic Book Characters of All Time '' list , and in 2012 was ranked 33rd in IGN 's list of `` The Top 50 Avengers '' . He was also ranked 38th on IGN 's list of `` Top 100 Comic Book Heroes '' . The character was first portrayed in live-action by Peter Hooten in the 1978 television film Dr. Strange . Benedict Cumberbatch stars as the character in the Marvel Cinematic Universe , first appearing in the role in the 2016 film Doctor Strange .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f006c2c05d09a07d53e22c6cf1bba50", "text": "Xenoglossy Xenoglossy ( -LSB- ˌziːnəˈɡlɒsi , _ ˌzɛ - , _ - noʊ - -RSB- ) , also written xenoglossia ( -LSB- ˌziːnəˈɡlɒsiə , _ ˌzɛ - , _ - noʊ - -RSB- ) , sometimes also known as xenolalia , is the putative paranormal phenomenon in which a person is able to speak or write a language he or she could not have acquired by natural means . The words derive from Greek ξένος ( xenos ) , `` foreigner '' and γλῶσσα ( glōssa ) , `` tongue '' or `` language '' . The term xenoglossy was ostensibly coined by French parapsychologist Charles Richet in 1905 . Stories of xenoglossy are found in the Bible , and contemporary claims of xenoglossy have been made by parapsychologists and reincarnation researchers such as Ian Stevenson . There is no scientific evidence that xenoglossy is an actual phenomenon .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6d47553e36f5d3866822e1579155eb3", "text": "Sshhh ... `` Sshhh ... '' is a science fiction short story by David Brin about humanity 's first contact with an alien race . It was first published in Amazing Stories in 1988 and appears in the Brin 's 1997 anthology Otherness . The story opens with 2 Earth Survey vessels escorting Lentili starships to Earth . The Lentili are a race of tall , long-lived aliens who are far more technologically and philosophically advanced than humans , who have only recently ventured to the stars . While the Lentili are en route to Earth , Earth President Tridden makes a planetwide announcement . He reveals that an eminent psychologist has discovered that the Lentili , for all their power , lack a certain talent possessed by humans . This talent is apparently rare and almost unthinkable among galactic races . Tridden will not reveal exactly what this talent is , but describes it as `` something so mundane to us that few human beings ever bother even thinking about it past the age of ten ! '' This talent can wreak `` untold psychic harm '' among the Lentili and he asks the people of Earth to join him in making a `` great sacrifice . '' Tridden asks the human race to remove all mention of this talent from literature and from daily life . But since lingering references and , indeed , copies of his broadcast will survive , the human race must also provide a good `` cover story '' to explain away this situation . Tridden announces that it will be recorded that he has gone insane . There is no talent and the chaos will be the result of Tridden 's insanity . Tridden , seeing that he is about to be removed from the air , puts his finger to his lips in one final gesture of secrecy . The story is open-ended , leaving the reader to wonder whether Tridden pulled off a marvelous scheme to help humanity weather an ego crisis when faced with the superior Lentili , or whether humanity really does have a unique talent .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f738ceb76bf790a270d413b3e4c3c18", "text": "Abnormal psychology Abnormal psychology is the branch of psychology that studies unusual patterns of behavior , emotion and thought , which may or may not be understood as precipitating a mental disorder . Although many behaviors could be considered as abnormal , this branch of psychology generally deals with behavior in a clinical context . There is a long history of attempts to understand and control behavior deemed to be aberrant or deviant ( statistically , functionally , morally or in some other sense ) , and there is often cultural variation in the approach taken . The field of abnormal psychology identifies multiple causes for different conditions , employing diverse theories from the general field of psychology and elsewhere , and much still hinges on what exactly is meant by `` abnormal '' . There has traditionally been a divide between psychological and biological explanations , reflecting a philosophical dualism in regard to the mind body problem . There have also been different approaches in trying to classify mental disorders . Abnormal includes three different categories ; they are subnormal , supernormal and paranormal . The science of abnormal psychology studies two types of behaviors : adaptive and maladaptive behaviors . Behaviors that are maladaptive suggest that some problem ( s ) exist , and can also imply that the individual is vulnerable and can not cope with environmental stress , which is leading them to have problems functioning in daily life . Clinical psychology is the applied field of psychology that seeks to assess , understand and treat psychological conditions in clinical practice . The theoretical field known as ` abnormal psychology ' may form a backdrop to such work , but clinical psychologists in the current field are unlikely to use the term ` abnormal ' in reference to their practice . Psychopathology is a similar term to abnormal psychology but has more of an implication of an underlying pathology ( disease process ) , and as such is a term more commonly used in the medical specialty known as psychiatry .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2161d0a684c85c3a46f736340048f611", "text": "Edward Page Mitchell Edward Page Mitchell ( 1852 -- 1927 ) was an American editorial and short story writer for The Sun , a daily newspaper in New York City . He became that newspaper 's editor in 1897 , succeeding Charles Anderson Dana . Mitchell was recognized as a major figure in the early development of the science fiction genre . Mitchell wrote fiction about a man rendered invisible by scientific means ( `` The Crystal Man '' , published in 1881 ) before H.G. Wells 's The Invisible Man , wrote about a time-travel machine ( `` The Clock that Went Backward '' ) before Wells 's The Time Machine , wrote about faster-than-light travel ( `` The Tachypomp '' ; now perhaps his best-known work ) in 1874 , a thinking computer and a cyborg in 1879 ( `` The Ablest Man in the World '' ) , and also wrote the earliest known stories about matter transmission or teleportation ( `` The Man without a Body '' , 1877 ) and a superior mutant ( `` Old Squids and Little Speller '' ) . `` Exchanging Their Souls '' ( 1877 ) is one of the earliest fictional accounts of mind transfer . Mitchell retired in 1926 , a year before dying of a cerebral hemorrhage . The gradual rediscovery of Mitchell and his work is a direct result of the publication in 1973 of a book-length anthology of his stories , compiled by Sam Moskowitz with a detailed introduction by Moskowitz giving much information about Mitchell 's personal life . Because Mitchell 's stories were not by-lined on original publication , nor indexed , Moskowitz expended major effort to track down and collect these works by an author whom Moskowitz cited as `` the lost giant of American science fiction '' . Mitchell 's stories show the strong influence of Edgar Allan Poe . Among other traits , Mitchell shares Poe 's habit of giving a basically serious and dignified fictional character a humorous name , such as `` Professor Dummkopf '' in Mitchell 's `` The Man Without a Body '' . Since Mitchell 's fictions were originally published in newspapers , typeset in the same format as news articles and not identified as fiction , he may possibly have used this device to signal to his readers that this text should not be taken seriously .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1dbd4a6040e00949302aecc363a2866", "text": "Pseudohallucination A pseudohallucination is an involuntary sensory experience vivid enough to be regarded as a hallucination , but recognised by the patient not to be the result of external stimuli . Unlike normal hallucinations , which occurs when one sees , hears , smells , tastes or feels something that is not there , with a compelling feeling or thought that it is real , pseudohallucinations are recognised by the person as unreal . In other words , it is a hallucination that is recognized as a hallucination , as opposed to a `` normal '' hallucination which would be perceived as real . An example used in psychiatry is the hearing of voices which are `` inside the head '' according to the patient ; in contrast , a hallucination would be indistinguishable to the patient from a real external stimulus , e.g. `` people were talking about me '' . The term is not widely used in the psychiatric and medical fields , as it is considered ambiguous ; the term nonpsychotic hallucination is preferred . Pseudohallucinations , then , are more likely to happen with a hallucinogenic drug . But `` the current understanding of pseudohallucinations is mostly based on the work of Karl Jaspers '' . A further distinction is sometimes made between pseudohallucinations and parahallucinations , the latter being a result of damage to the peripheral nervous system . They are considered a feature of conversion disorder , somatization disorder , and dissociative disorders . Also , pseudohallucinations can occur in people with visual/hearing loss , with the typical such type being Charles Bonnet syndrome .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "59c1a3c7c30c1f40c28c31bc30ccfb9e", "text": "Shapeshifter (Anita Blake mythology) Numerous different types of shapeshifters exist in the Anita Blake : Vampire Hunter universe , including werewolves and wererats . Anita distinguishes between lycanthropes , which include solely persons infected by contact with another lycanthrope 's bodily fluids , and shapeshifters , a class that includes both lycanthropes and persons who are able to shapeshift as a result of magic , such as a personal or family curse . In the Anitaverse , lycanthropes are barred from certain professions and can in fact still be killed on sight in some states . The status of non-lycanthrope shapeshifters , being far more rare , is less clear . To what extent , if any , human society recognizes the authority of lycanthrope social groups ( packs , pards , etc. ) -- whether criminal acts undertaken at the order of one 's alpha might be regarded as actions taken under duress , for instance -- is similarly unclear .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c636692447584ecef11db8a08fe6b945", "text": "Alien abduction The terms alien abduction or abduction phenomenon describe `` subjectively real memories of being taken secretly against one 's will by apparently nonhuman entities and subjected to complex physical and psychological procedures '' . Such abductions have sometimes been classified as close encounters of the fourth kind . People claiming to have been abducted are usually called `` abductees '' or `` experiencers '' . Due to a lack of objective physical evidence , most scientists and mental health professionals dismiss the phenomenon as `` deception , suggestibility ( fantasy-proneness , hypnotizability , false memory syndrome ) , personality , sleep paralysis , psychopathology , psychodynamics -LSB- and -RSB- environmental factors '' . Skeptic Robert Sheaffer sees similarity between the aliens depicted in science fiction films , in particular , Invaders From Mars , and some of those reported to have actually abducted people . Typical claims involve being subjected to forced medical examinations that emphasize abductee reproductive systems . Abductees sometimes claim to have been warned against environmental abuse and the dangers of nuclear weapons . While many of these claimed encounters are described as terrifying , some have been viewed as pleasurable or transformative . The first alleged alien abduction claim to be widely publicized was the Betty and Barney Hill abduction in 1961 . Reports of the abduction phenomenon have been made around the world , but are most common in English speaking countries , especially the United States . The contents of the abduction narrative often seem to vary with the home culture of the alleged abductee . Alien abductions have been the subject of conspiracy theories and science fiction storylines ( notably The X-Files ) that have speculated on stealth technology required if the phenomenon were real , the motivations for secrecy , and that alien implants could be a possible form of physical evidence .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "44ee55df46f9ceb66b581140adc5e9e2", "text": "Paris (mythology) Paris , also known as Alexander ( Ἀλέξανδρος , Aléxandros ) , the son of King Priam and Queen Hecuba of Troy , appears in a number of Greek legends . Probably the best-known was his elopement with Helen , queen of Sparta , this being one of the immediate causes of the Trojan War . Later in the war , he fatally wounds Achilles in the heel with an arrow as foretold by Achilles 's mother Thetis . The name Paris is probably Luwian and comparable to Pari-zitis attested as a Hittite scribe 's name .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "c3d482c69527befba5ace39c35e96abc", "text": "Aesacus In Greek mythology , Aesacus or Aisakos ( -LSB- ˈiːsəkəs -RSB- Αἴσακος ) was a son of King Priam of Troy . Aesacus sorrowed for the death of his wife or would-be lover , a daughter of the river Cebren , and was transformed into a bird . The Bibliotheca makes Aesacus son of Priam 's first wife Arisbe , daughter of Merops . Apollodorus and Tzetzes also make Aesacus a seer who has learned the interpretation of dreams from his grandfather Merops . For them Aesacus is the interpreter of Hecabe 's dream when Hecabe gives birth to Paris . In Apollodorus the deceased daughter of Cebren for whom Aesacus mourns is his wife named Asterope . In Ovid 's Metamorphoses , Aesacus is an illegitimate son of King Priam secretly born to the nymph Alexirhoe , daughter of the river Granicus . Aesacus avoids Ilium , preferring the countryside . One day he catches sight of the nymph Hesperia , daughter of the river Cebren , falls in love , and pursues her . However , as Hesperia flees a venomous snake strikes her and she dies . Aesacus , unable to bear living any longer , leaps from a tall cliff into the sea but as he plunges he is changed into a bird by Tethys . Aesacus still attempts to dive into the depth yet continues still to live in the form of a diving bird .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c76c1e8b6e1ffc39ea2e64747922bf5", "text": "Palais de la Cité The Palais de la Cité , located on the Île de la Cité in the Seine River in the center of Paris , was the residence of the Kings of France from the sixth century until the 14th century . From the 14th century until the French Revolution , it was the headquarters of the French treasury , judicial system and the Parlement of Paris , an assembly of nobles . During the Revolution it served as a courthouse and prison , where Marie Antoinette and other prisoners were held and tried by the Revolutionary Tribunal . The palace was built and rebuilt over the course of six centuries ; the site is now largely occupied by the buildings of the 19th century Palais de Justice , but a few important vestiges remain ; the medieval lower hall of the Conciergerie , four towers along the Seine , and , mostly important , Sainte-Chapelle , the former chapel of the Palace , masterpiece of Gothic architecture . Both parts of the Conciergerie and Saint-Chapelle are classified as national historical monuments and can be visited , though most of the Palais de Justice is closed to the public .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db71500e06f203cc8fcd279a14356c83", "text": "Hundred Years' War The Hundred Years ' War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453 by the House of Plantagenet , rulers of the Kingdom of England , against the House of Valois , rulers of the Kingdom of France , over the succession of the French throne . Each side drew many allies into the war . It was one of the most notable conflicts of the Middle Ages , in which five generations of kings from two rival dynasties fought for the throne of the largest kingdom in Western Europe . The war marked both the height of chivalry and its subsequent decline , and the development of strong national identities in both countries . After the Norman Conquest , the kings of England were vassals of the kings of France for their possessions in France . The French kings had endeavored , over the centuries , to reduce these possessions , to the effect that only Gascony was left to the English . The confiscation or threat of confiscating this duchy had been part of French policy to check the growth of English power , particularly whenever the English were at war with the Kingdom of Scotland , an ally of France . Through his mother , Isabella of France , Edward III of England was the grandson of Philip IV of France and nephew of Charles IV of France , the last king of the senior line of the House of Capet . In 1316 , a principle was established denying women succession to the French throne . When Charles IV died in 1328 , Isabella , unable to claim the French throne for herself , claimed it for her son . The French rejected the claim , maintaining that Isabella could not transmit a right that she did not possess . For about nine years ( 1328 -- 1337 ) , the English had accepted the Valois succession to the French throne , but the interference of the French king , Philip VI , in Edward III 's war against Scotland permitted Edward III to reassert his claim to the French throne . Several overwhelming English victories in the war -- especially at Crecy , Poitiers , and Agincourt -- raised the prospects of an ultimate English triumph . However , the greater resources of the French monarchy precluded a complete conquest . Starting in 1429 , decisive French victories at Orléans , Patay , Formigny , and Castillon concluded the war in favour of France , with England permanently losing most of its major possessions on the continent . Historians commonly divide the war into three phases separated by truces : the Edwardian Era War ( 1337 -- 1360 ) ; the Caroline War ( 1369 -- 1389 ) ; and the Lancastrian War ( 1415 -- 1453 ) . Local conflicts in neighbouring areas , which were contemporarily related to the war , including the War of the Breton Succession ( 1341 -- 1364 ) , the Castilian Civil War ( 1366 -- 1369 ) , the War of the Two Peters ( 1356 -- 1375 ) in Aragon , and the 1383 -- 85 Crisis in Portugal , were availed by the parties to advance their agendas . Later historians adopted the term `` Hundred Years ' War '' as a historiography periodization to encompass all of these events , thus constructing the longest military conflict in European history . The war owes its historical significance to multiple factors . By its end , feudal armies had been largely replaced by professional troops , and aristocratic dominance had yielded to a democratisation of the manpower and weapons of armies . Although primarily a dynastic conflict , the war gave impetus to ideas of French and English nationalism . The wider introduction of weapons and tactics supplanted the feudal armies where heavy cavalry had dominated , and artillery became important . The war precipitated the creation of the first standing armies in Western Europe since the time of the Western Roman Empire and thus helping to change their role in warfare . With respect to the belligerents , in France , civil wars , deadly epidemics , famines , and bandit free-companies of mercenaries reduced the population drastically . English political forces over time came to oppose the costly venture . The dissatisfaction of English nobles , resulting from the loss of their continental landholdings , became a factor leading to the civil wars known as the Wars of the Roses ( 1455 -- 1487 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "39ea9c7a6519e8764b8ce6f6a559f886", "text": "France France ( -LSB- fʁɑ̃s -RSB- ) , officially the French Republic ( -LSB- ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛz -RSB- ) , is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . The European , or metropolitan , area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . Overseas France include French Guiana on the South American continent and several island territories in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . France spans 643801 km2 and had a total population of almost 67 million people as of January 2017 . It is a unitary semi-presidential republic with the capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban centres include Marseille , Lyon , Lille , Nice , Toulouse and Bordeaux . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . The area was annexed in 51 BC by Rome , which held Gaul until 486 , when the Germanic Franks conquered the region and formed the Kingdom of France . France emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , with its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337 to 1453 ) strengthening state-building and political centralisation . During the Renaissance , French culture flourished and a global colonial empire was established , which by the 20th century would be the second largest in the world . The 16th century was dominated by religious civil wars between Catholics and Protestants ( Huguenots ) . France became Europe 's dominant cultural , political , and military power under Louis XIV . In the late 18th century , the French Revolution overthrew the absolute monarchy , established one of modern history 's earliest republics , and saw the drafting of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen , which expresses the nation 's ideals to this day . In the 19th century Napoleon took power and established the First French Empire , whose subsequent Napoleonic Wars shaped the course of continental Europe . Following the collapse of the Empire , France endured a tumultuous succession of governments culminating with the establishment of the French Third Republic in 1870 . France was a major participant in the First World War , from which it emerged victorious , and was one of the Allied Powers in the Second World War , but came under occupation by the Axis Powers in 1940 . Following liberation in 1944 , a Fourth Republic was established and later dissolved in the course of the Algerian War . The Fifth Republic , led by Charles de Gaulle , was formed in 1958 and remains to this day . Algeria and nearly all the other colonies became independent in the 1960s and typically retained close economic and military connections with France . France has long been a global centre of art , science , and philosophy . It hosts Europe 's fourth-largest number of cultural UNESCO World Heritage Sites and receives around 83 million foreign tourists annually , the most of any country in the world . France is a developed country with the world 's sixth-largest economy by nominal GDP and ninth-largest by purchasing power parity . In terms of aggregate household wealth , it ranks fourth in the world . France performs well in international rankings of education , health care , life expectancy , and human development . France remains a great power in the world , being one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council with the power to veto and an official nuclear-weapon state . It is a leading member state of the European Union and the Eurozone . It is also a member of the Group of 7 , North Atlantic Treaty Organization ( NATO ) , Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ( OECD ) , the World Trade Organization ( WTO ) , and La Francophonie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9a12c157931d0cedc878d74b0cef926", "text": "Paris, New York Paris is a town in Oneida County , New York , United States . The town is in the southeast part of the county and is south of Utica . The population was 4,411 at the 2010 census . The town was named after an early benefactor , Colonel Isaac Paris .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc51b4de3f5f4e9dc519f0ee5e31b5a3", "text": "King Priam King Priam is an opera by Michael Tippett , to his own libretto . The story is based on Homer 's Iliad , except the birth and childhood of Paris , which are taken from the Fabulae of Hyginus . The premiere was on 29 May 1962 , at Coventry . The opera was composed for an arts festival held in conjunction with the reconsecration of the rebuilt Coventry Cathedral , for which Benjamin Britten also wrote his War Requiem , which was first performed in the Cathedral the day after the premiere of King Priam . The first Covent Garden performance was on 5 June , conducted by John Pritchard . It was premiered in Germany at the Badisches Staatstheater in 1963 , in Greece at the 1985 Athens Festival , in France at the Opéra de Nancy et de Lorraine in 1988 , in Italy at Batignano in 1990 , and in the United States San Francisco Opera Center Showcase in 1994 . In 2014 the work was revived by English Touring Opera , with a reduced orchestration by Iain Farrington , the first performance of this version being given at the Linbury Studio Theatre at the Royal Opera House on 13 February 2014 . As epigraph to the score Tippett placed the German words `` Es möge uns das Schicksal gönnen , dass wir das innere Ohr von dem Munde der Seele nicht abwenden , '' or , `` May Fate grant that we never turn our inner ear away from our soul 's lips . '' These words conclude a 1912 essay on the paintings of Arnold Schoenberg by Wassily Kandinsky .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a2fa77cd7b886793441810f31015e50d", "text": "Panthéon-Assas University -RCB- -RCB- Panthéon-Assas University ( Université Panthéon-Assas -LSB- ynivɛʁsite pɑ̃teɔ̃ asas -RSB- , also referred to as `` Assas '' -LSB- asas -RSB- , `` Paris II '' -LSB- paʁi dø -RSB- , or `` Sorbonne Law School '' ) is a public university in Paris , France . Heir of the faculty of law and economics of the University of Paris ( La Sorbonne ) , it was established as its successor when the world 's second oldest academic institution was divided into autonomous universities in 1970 . It is a member of the alliance Sorbonne University . Panthéon-Assas University is ranked first in France in law by Eduniversal and is renowned for excellence in Law . '' Since its founding , it has produced two presidents including former French president François Hollande , four prime ministers and the holders of thirty-seven other ministerships in France and around the world . Forty alumni of the university have been members of various parliaments as well . The majority of the nineteen campuses of Panthéon-Assas are located in the Latin Quarter , with the main campus on place du Panthéon . The university is composed of four departments specializing in law , economics , public and private management , and political science , and hosts twenty-four research centres and five specialized doctoral schools . Every year , the university enrolls approximately 18,000 students , including 3,000 international students .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3da51d11ad168d6af0ee9fa90c52b6ba", "text": "Joan II of Navarre Joan II ( Jeanne 28 January 1312 -- 6 October 1349 ) was Queen of Navarre from 1328 until her death . She was the only surviving child of Louis X of France , King of France and Navarre , and Margaret of Burgundy . Joan 's paternity was dubious because her mother was involved in a scandal , but Louis X declared her his legitimate daughter before he died in 1316 . However , the French lords were opposed to the idea of a female monarch and elected Louis X 's brother , Philip V , king . The Navarrese noblemen also did homage to Philip . Joan 's maternal grandmother , Agnes of France , Duchess of Burgundy , and uncle , Odo IV of Burgundy , made attempts to secure the counties of Champagne and Brie ( which had been the patrimony of Louis X 's mother , Joan I of Navarre ) to Joan , but the French royal troops defeated her supporters . After Philip V married his daughter to Odo and granted him two counties as her dowry , Odo renounced Joan 's claim to Champagne and Brie in exchange for a compensation in March 1318 . Joan married Philip of Évreux , who was also a member of the French royal family . Philip V was succeeded by his brother , Charles IV , in both France and Navarre in 1322 , but most Navarrese lords refused to swear loyalty to him . After Charles IV died in 1328 , the Navarrese expelled the French governor and declared Joan the rightful monarch of Navarre . In France , Philip of Valois was crowned king . He concluded an agreement with Joan and her husband , who renounced Joan 's claims to Champagne and Brie in exchange for three counties , while Philip acknowledged their right to Navarre . Joan and her husband were together crowned in Pamplona Cathedral on 5 March 1329 . The royal couple closely cooperated during their joint reign , but Philip of Évreux was more active . However , they mostly lived in their French domains . Navarre was then administered by governors during their absence .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e1a7a9f91ae5bc525c157a80bdc00a63", "text": "Palais des Papes The Palais des Papes ( English : Papal palace , lo Palais dei Papas in Occitan ) is a historical palace in Avignon , southern France , one of the largest and most important medieval Gothic buildings in Europe . Once a fortress and palace , the papal residence was the seat of Western Christianity during the 14th century . Six papal conclaves were held in the Palais , leading to the elections of Benedict XII in 1334 , Clement VI in 1342 , Innocent VI in 1352 , Urban V in 1362 , Gregory XI in 1370 and Antipope Benedict XIII in 1394 . The Palais is actually two joined buildings : the old palais of Benedict XII , which sits on the impregnable rock of Doms , and the new palais of Clement VI , the most extravagant of the Avignon popes . Together they form the largest Gothic building of the Middle Ages , it is also one of the best examples of the International Gothic architectural style . The construction design was the work of two of France 's best architects , Pierre Peysson and Jean du Louvres and the lavish ornamentation was the work of two of the best students of the School of Siena ( Italy ) , Simone Martini and Matteo Giovanetti . In addition , the papal library housed in the Palais ( the largest in Europe at the time with over 2,000 volumes ) , attracted a group of clerics passionate in the study of `` belle-lettres '' , amongst them the founder of Humanism , Petrarch . At the same time , composers , singers and musicians were drawn to the Great Chapel of the Palais . It was there that Clement VI appreciated the Mass of Notre-Dame of Guillaume de Machaut , there that Philippe de Vitry at the pope 's invitation presented his Ars Nova and there that Johannes Ciconia came to study . Due to its immense size , the Palais was also the place where the general organisation of the Church began to change . It facilitated the centralisation of services and the adaption of operations in order to suit the needs of the papacy , creating a truly central administration for the Church . The manpower of the Curia ( Church administration ) , while 200 at the end of the 13th century , surpassed 300 at the beginning of the 14th century and reached 500 people in 1316 . To this were added over 1,000 lay officials working within the Palais . Despite this , the Palais became obsolete when the papacy found it necessary to return to Rome . The hope of reuniting Latin and Orthodox Christians , along with the achievement of peace in the Papal States in Italy , made the case of returning stronger . Added to that was the strong conviction of both Urban V and Gregory XI that the seat of the papacy could only be the tomb of St Peter . Despite strong opposition from the Court of France and the College of Cardinals , both popes found the means to return to Rome , the first , on 30 April 1362 , the second on 13 September 1370 . This time , the return was absolute . In the following centuries , the Palais lost all of its former glory , despite it serving as the seat of two anti-popes and many cardinals . It retained , however , a `` work of destruction '' aspect that French poets and writers such as Charles Forbes René de Montalembert have referred to over the centuries , with its powerful sense of beauty , simplicity , grandeur and immortality . Since 1995 , the Palais des Papes has been classified , along with the historic center of Avignon , as a UNESCO World Heritage Site , under cultural criteria i , ii and iv .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ffa86f8d1543e2421782edea78d00ae", "text": "Île Saint-Louis The Île Saint-Louis ( -LSB- il sɛ̃ lwi -RSB- ) is one of two natural islands in the Seine river , in Paris , France ( the other natural island is Île de la Cité ; the Île aux Cygnes is artificial ) . The Île Saint-Louis is connected to the rest of Paris by four bridges to both banks of the river and to the Île de la Cité by the Pont Saint-Louis . This island was formerly used for the grazing of market cattle and stocking wood . The island is located within the 4th arrondissement of Paris and has a population of 4,453 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d403e5a6845880b972eff8bff799b4e8", "text": "Livre parisis The livre parisis ( -LSB- livʁ paʁizi -RSB- , Paris pound ) was a standard for minting French coins and a unit of account . Like the livre tournois , which was divided into 20 sols tournois each of 12 deniers tournois , the livre parisis was also divided into 20 sols parisis each of 12 deniers parisis , but the livre parisis was worth 25 sols tournois ( i.e. , the livre tournois was worth of the livre parisis ) . Each sol parisis was thus worth 15 deniers tournois , and each denier parisis worth deniers tournois . Before the seizure of the Anjou region around Tours by Philip II of France in 1203 , the livre parisis had been the official coin of the Capetian dynasty . The livre tournois quickly outstripped the livre parisis as a unit of account , and it ceased to exist as an actual coin under Louis IX . Despite this , a monetary unit of accounting based on the livre parisis continued to be used in the area around Paris and was not officially abolished until 1667 by Louis XIV of France .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc8c1ceb4d532c1ee4bd569fe68f34f1", "text": "Duke of Aquitaine The Duke of Aquitaine ( Duc d'Aquitània , Duc d'Aquitaine , -LSB- dyk dakitɛn -RSB- ) was the ruler of the ancient region of Aquitaine ( not to be confused with modern-day Aquitaine ) under the supremacy of Frankish , English , and later French kings . As successor states of the Visigothic Kingdom ( 418 -- 721 ) , Aquitania ( Aquitaine ) and Languedoc ( Toulouse ) inherited both Visigothic laws and Roman Law , which together allowed women more rights than their contemporaries would enjoy until the 20th century . Particularly under the Liber Judiciorum as codified 642/643 and expanded by the Code of Recceswinth in 653 , women could inherit land and title and manage it independently from their husbands or male relations , dispose of their property in legal wills if they had no heirs , represent themselves and bear witness in court from the age of 14 , and arrange for their own marriages after the age of 20 . As a consequence , male-preference primogeniture was the practiced succession law for the nobility .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8aecdf7f1e013d8422a7abd0a8eb133", "text": "Panel Histoire de Paris The `` Histoire de Paris '' plaques ( sometimes called Starck Oars because of their shape and their designer , Philippe Starck ) are information plaques scattered throughout the City of Paris in front of various Parisian monuments . In 1992 , Jacques Chirac , the then mayor of Paris , asked the JC Decaux company to install the plaques . Starck designed 767 panels . They appear to be in the shape of an oar , but are actually meant to recall a ship 's paddle , in honour of the Latin motto of the City of Paris , `` Fluctuat nec mergitur '' ( `` battered by the waves , but never capsized '' ) . The town of Paris pays 1.2 MEuros each year to the company JC Decaux . In the future these panels may be replaced by interactive kiosks . The plaques are fondly regarded by most Parisians , as they highlight the cultural and political history of Paris . The Neolithic period is the earliest era referred to , but there are 21st Century references , particularly to painters and writers . The only translations of the plaques into English is via the Paris by Plaque walking guide series , which translates the text and places it in historical context , explaining the references and providing photos .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "81ca2b2e1492f0b8110f12654703a993", "text": "Paris Commune (French Revolution) The Paris Commune during the French Revolution was the government of Paris from 1792 until 1795 . Established in the Hôtel de Ville just after the storming of the Bastille , it consisted of 144 delegates elected by the 48 divisions of the city . The Paris Commune became insurrectionary in the summer of 1792 , essentially refusing to take orders from the central French government . It took charge of routine civic functions but is best known for mobilizing extreme views and actions among the people and for its campaign to dechristianize the churches and the people . It lost much power in 1794 and was replaced in 1795 . The first mayor was Jean Sylvain Bailly ; he was succeeded on November 1791 by Pétion de Villeneuve after Bailly 's unpopular use of the National Guard to disperse a riotous assembly in the Champ de Mars ( 17 July 1791 ) . In 1792 , the Commune was dominated by those Jacobins who were not in the Legislative Assembly due to the Self-Denying Ordinance . On the night of 9 August 1792 a new revolutionary Commune , led by Georges Danton , Camille Desmoulins and Jacques Hébert took possession of the Hôtel de Ville ; the next day insurgents assailed the Tuileries , where the royal family resided . During the ensuing constitutional crisis , the collapsing Legislative Assembly of France was heavily dependent on the Commune for the effective power that allowed it to continue to function as a legislature . The all-powerful Commune demanded custody of the royal family , imprisoning them in the Temple fortress . A list of `` opponents of the Revolution '' was drawn up , the gates to the city were sealed , and on 28 August the citizens were subjected to domiciliary visits , ostensibly in a search for muskets . It was not until 1792 that the government had a formal cabinet in place , with the appointment of the Ministers of the French National Convention and the decision of the Commissioners of the Committee of Public Safety in 1794 to take charge of administrative departments . The government of the republic was succeeded by the French Directory in November 1795 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2827b067f20b3d77b2bc00748aa5b73f", "text": "Louis II, Duke of Bourbon Louis de Bourbon , called the Good ( 4 February 1337 -- 10 August 1410 ) , son of Peter de Bourbon and Isabella de Valois ( the sister of French King Philip VI ) , was the third Duke of Bourbon . Duke Louis is reported to have been somewhat mentally unstable , specifically having a trait of nervous breakdowns which is presumably hereditary ; this trait was also evidenced in his sister Joanna of Bourbon ( the wife of French King Charles V ) , his nephew Charles VI of France ( called `` The Mad '' ) , his father Duke Peter , and his grandfather Louis I , Duke of Bourbon . The teenage Louis inherited the duchy from his father Duke Peter I after his death in the Battle of Poitiers in 1356 . On August 19 , 1371 , he married Anne of Auvergne ( 1358 -- 1417 ) , Countess of Forez and a daughter of Beraud II , Dauphin of Auvergne , and his wife the Countess of Forez , and they had four children : Catherine of Bourbon ( b. 1378 ) , d. young John of Bourbon ( 1381 -- 1434 ) , Duke of Bourbon Louis of Bourbon ( 1388 -- 1404 ) , Sieur de Beaujeu Isabelle of Bourbon ( 1384 -- aft . 1451 ) In 1390 , Duke Louis launched the Barbary Crusade against the Hafsids of Tunis , in conjunction with the Genoese . Its objective was to suppress piracy based in the city of Mahdia , but the siege was unsuccessful . Duke Louis died at Montlucon in 1410 , at the age of 72 or 73 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aaf4600b8b3c1bc4af11ffcc72682e62", "text": "Luxembourg Palace The Luxembourg Palace ( Palais du Luxembourg , -LSB- pa.lɛ dy lyk.sɑ̃.buːʁ -RSB- ) is located at 15 rue de Vaugirard in the 6th arrondissement of Paris . It was originally built ( 1615 -- 1645 ) to the designs of the French architect Salomon de Brosse to be the royal residence of the regent Marie de ' Medici , mother of Louis XIII of France . After the Revolution it was refashioned ( 1799 -- 1805 ) by Jean Chalgrin into a legislative building and subsequently greatly enlarged and remodeled ( 1835 -- 1856 ) by Alphonse de Gisors . Since 1958 it has been the seat of the French Senate of the Fifth Republic . Immediately west of the palace on the rue de Vaugirard is the Petit Luxembourg , now the residence of the Senate President ; and slightly further west , the Musée du Luxembourg , in the former orangery . On the south side of the palace , the formal Luxembourg Garden presents a 25-hectare green parterre of gravel and lawn populated with statues and large basins of water where children sail model boats .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "774e55b0e5b4cee95269f24d04a73067", "text": "The Royal Palace (Bucharest) The Royal Palace in Bucharest is a monumental building situated in Bucharest , on Calea Victoriei . The large place in front of it was traditionally called `` Piața Palatului '' ( The Palace 's Place ) , but was renamed `` Piața Revoluției '' ( `` Revolution 's Square '' ) after the Romanian Revolution of 1989 . The Palace is the largest and most significant Royal residence in Romania , containing emblematic official spaces such as the Throne Hall ( Sala Tronului ) , the Royal Dining Hall ( Sufrageria Regală ) and the monumental Voivodes ' Staircase ( Scara Voievozilor ) . During World War II , a complete rebuild of the Palace 's Place was planned , in order to underline the Royal Palace 's full monumentality , but this architectural project was never completed . On December 30th , 1947 , a sudden Communist coup d'etat supported by the Soviet military ( that occupied Romania after the end of WWII ) forced HM King Michael I to sign an unconstitutional act of abdication and go in exile for 50 years . Romanian people was never consulted via a referendum . The Romanian Popular Republic was proclaimed the same evening , during a rigged Parliament assembly . After the installation of the Republican regime , the National Museum of Art of Romania was hosted in the Royal Palace . After the Romanian Revolution , HM King Michael and HM Queen Anne were allowed for a first visit in the country in April 1992 ( despite their attempts to do that immediately after the events ) . The two-day visit was a historical event , the press reporting more than one million people warmly greeting the King in the streets . After that , the Romanian post-Communist authorities denied him a second visit until 1997 , when a newly-installed government under Victor Ciorbea abolished the Communist decree that banned the King 's Romanian citizenship , effectively allowing him to regain ID documents and permanently move in the country . Since then , the Romanian Royal Family does regular public activities for Romania 's official representation worldwide . Since the Royal Palace presently hosts a museum , the Romanian Royal Family ( HM King Michael , HRH Crown Princess Margareta and the other members ) now uses Elisabeta Palace as its official residence in Bucharest .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2b6ba20213f3da53bb814d8bce5411ab", "text": "Tuileries Palace The Tuileries Palace ( Palais des Tuileries , -LSB- palɛ de tɥilʁi -RSB- ) was a royal and imperial palace in Paris which stood on the right bank of the River Seine . It was the usual Parisian residence of most French monarchs , from Henry IV to Napoleon III , until it was burned by the Paris Commune in 1871 . Built in 1564 , it was gradually extended until it closed off the western end of the Louvre courtyard and displayed an immense façade of 266 metres . Since the destruction of the Tuileries , the Louvre courtyard has remained open and the site is now the location of the eastern end of the Tuileries Garden , forming an elevated terrace between the Place du Carrousel and the gardens proper .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d712ac1bba41125aa5bb47d7bf0d2c1f", "text": "Charles V of France Charles V ( 21 January 1338 -- 16 September 1380 ) , called the Wise ( French : `` le Sage '' ) , was a monarch of the House of Valois who ruled as King of France from 1364 to his death . In 1349 , as a young prince , Charles received from his grandfather King Philip VI the province of Dauphiné to rule . This allowed him to bear the title `` Dauphin '' until his coronation , which led to the integration of the Dauphiné into the crown lands of France . After 1350 , all heirs apparent of France bore the title of Dauphin until their coronation . Charles became regent of France when his father John II was captured by the English at the Battle of Poitiers in 1356 . To pay the ransom , Charles raised taxes . As a result , he faced hostility from the nobility , led by Charles the Bad , King of Navarre ; the opposition of the French bourgeoisie , which was channeled through the Estates-General led by Etienne Marcel ; and with peasant revolts known as Jacqueries . Charles overcame all of these rebellions , but in order to liberate his father , he had to conclude the Treaty of Brétigny in 1360 , in which he abandoned large portions of south-western France to Edward III of England and agreed to pay a huge ransom . Charles became king in 1364 . With the help of talented advisers known as the Marmousets , his skillful management of the kingdom allowed him to replenish the royal treasury and to restore the prestige of the House of Valois . He established the first permanent army paid with regular wages , which liberated the French populace from the companies of routiers who regularly plundered the country when not employed . Led by Bertrand du Guesclin , the French Army was able to turn the tide of the Hundred Years ' War to Charles ' advantage , and by the end of Charles ' reign , they had reconquered almost all the territories ceded to the English in 1360 . Furthermore , the French Navy , led by Jean de Vienne , managed to attack the English coast for the first time since the beginning of the Hundred Years ' War . Charles V died in 1380 . He was succeeded by his son Charles VI the Mad , whose disastrous reign allowed the English to regain control of large parts of France .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "778478b2d1d8d910155feec730cc3719", "text": "Descendants of Henry IV of France Henry IV of France was the first Bourbon king of France . Formerly known as Henri of Navarre , he succeeded to the French throne with the extinction of House of Valois , at the death of Henry III of France . His descendants are varied and numerous . Some of his descendants are Juan Carlos of Spain , Franz , Duke of Bavaria , Diana , Princess of Wales , actress Brooke Shields and singer and actress Jane Birkin . He had six children with his wife Marie de ' Medici and also had many illegitimate children with his many mistresses . This article deals with each of his children and their respective descendants .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "64b2d5472ff53b8ccf519c4471ea7a0a", "text": "United States The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. ) or America , is a constitutional federal republic composed of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico . The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America , bordered by Canada to the east and across the Bering Strait from Russia to the west . The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean . The U.S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea . Nine time zones are covered . The geography , climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse . At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) and with over 324 million people , the United States is the world 's third - or fourth-largest country by total area , third-largest by land area , and the third-most populous . It is one of the world 's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations , and is home to the world 's largest immigrant population . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the largest city is New York City ; nine other major metropolitan areas -- each with at least 4.5 million inhabitants and the largest having more than 13 million people -- are Los Angeles , Chicago , Dallas , Houston , Philadelphia , Miami , Atlanta , Boston , and San Francisco . Paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies following the Seven Years ' War led to the American Revolution , which began in 1775 . On July 4 , 1776 , during the course of the American Revolutionary War , the colonies unanimously adopted the Declaration of Independence . The war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain , representing the first successful war of independence against a European power . The current constitution was adopted in 1788 , after the Articles of Confederation , adopted in 1781 , were felt to have provided inadequate federal powers . The first ten amendments , collectively named the Bill of Rights , were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century , displacing Native American tribes , acquiring new territories , and gradually admitting new states until it spanned the continent by 1848 . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the end of legal slavery in the country . By the end of that century , the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean , and its economy , driven in large part by the Industrial Revolution , began to soar . The Spanish -- American War and confirmed the country 's status as a global military power . The United States emerged from as a global superpower , the first country to develop nuclear weapons , the only country to use them in warfare , and a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council . The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the world 's sole superpower . The U.S. is a founding member of the United Nations , World Bank , International Monetary Fund , Organization of American States ( OAS ) , and other international organizations . The United States is a highly developed country , with the world 's largest economy by nominal GDP and second-largest economy by PPP . Though its population is only 4.3 % of the world total , Americans hold nearly 40 % of the total wealth in the world . The United States ranks among the highest in several measures of socioeconomic performance , including average wage , human development , per capita GDP , and productivity per person . While the U.S. economy is considered post-industrial , characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy , the manufacturing sector remains the second-largest in the world . Accounting for approximately a quarter of global GDP and a third of global military spending , the United States is the world 's foremost economic and military power . The United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally , and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "1324503cd8b963dafc63b698e9397d4a", "text": "District of Columbia statistical areas The statistical areas of the United States of America comprise the metropolitan statistical areas ( MSAs ) , the micropolitan statistical areas ( μSAs ) , and the combined statistical areas ( CSAs ) currently defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget ( OMB ) . Most recently on December 1 , 2009 , the Office of Management and Budget defined 1067 statistical areas for the United States , including a combined statistical area and a metropolitan statistical area in the District of Columbia . The district has no counties or other legal subdivisions . The table below shows the recent population of these statistical areas . thumb | 578px | An enlargeable map of the Washington-Baltimore-Northern Virginia , DC-MD-VA-WV Combined Statistical Area __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "82f98c8f1e20f64c7d7a33a12764224b", "text": "American way The American way of life or simply the American way is the unique lifestyle of the people of the United States of America . It refers to a nationalist ethos that adheres to the principle of life , liberty and the pursuit of happiness . At the center of the American way is the American Dream that upward mobility is achievable by any American through hard work . This concept is intertwined with the concept of American exceptionalism , the belief in the unique culture of the nation . Author William Herberg offers the following definition : One commentator notes , `` The first half of Herberg 's statement still holds true nearly half a century after he first formulated it '' , even though `` Herberg 's latter claims have been severely if not completely undermined ... materialism no longer needs to be justified in high-sounding terms '' . In the National Archives and Records Administration 's 1999 Annual Report , National Archivist John W. Carlin writes , `` We are different because our government and our way of life are not based on the divine right of kings , the hereditary privileges of elites , or the enforcement of deference to dictators . They are based on pieces of paper , the Charters of Freedom - the Declaration that asserted our independence , the Constitution that created our government , and the Bill of Rights that established our liberties . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "73052663377d9a4c9c89ba6eb2e882e6", "text": "List of longest rivers of the United States (by main stem) The main stems of 38 rivers in the United States are at least 500 mi long . The main stem is `` the primary downstream segment of a river , as contrasted to its tributaries '' . The United States Geological Survey ( USGS ) defines a main-stem segment by listing coordinates for its two end points , called the source and the mouth . Well-known rivers like the Atchafalaya , Willamette , and Susquehanna are not included in this list because their main stems are shorter than 500 miles . Seven rivers in this list cross or form international boundaries . Two -- the Yukon and Columbia rivers -- begin in Canada and flow into the United States . Three -- the Milk and Saint Lawrence rivers and the Red River of the North -- begin in the United States and flow into Canada . Of these , only the Milk River crosses the international border twice , leaving and then re-entering the United States . Two rivers , the Colorado and the Rio Grande , begin in the United States and flow into or form a border with Mexico . In addition , the drainage basins of the Mississippi and Missouri rivers extend into Canada , and the basin of the Gila River extends into Mexico . Sources report hydrological quantities with varied precision . Biologist and author Ruth Patrick , describing a table of high-discharge U.S. rivers , wrote that data on discharge , drainage area , and length varied widely among authors whose works she consulted . `` It seems , '' she said , `` that the wisest course is to regard data tables such as the present one as showing the general ranks of rivers , and not to place too much importance on minor ( 10 -- 20 % ) differences in figures . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "69086f0e68d12998c92e84a64e187b60", "text": "National Landscape Conservation System The National Landscape Conservation System ( now known as the National Conservation Lands ) is a 35 e6acre collection of lands in 873 federally recognized areas considered to be the crown jewels of the American West . These lands represent 10 % of the 258 e6acre managed by the Bureau of Land Management ( BLM ) . The BLM is the largest federal public land manager and is responsible for over 40 % of all the federal public land in the nation . The other major federal public land managers include the US Forest Service ( USFS ) , National Park Service ( NPS ) , and the US Fish and Wildlife Service ( USFWS ) . Over the years , the Bureau of Land Management has had to adjust its approach to public land management to fit the changing needs of the nation . The BLM historically has managed lands under its jurisdiction for extractive uses , such as mining , logging , grazing , and oil and gas production . In 1983 , Congress acknowledged the value of watersheds , wildlife habitat , recreation , scenery , scientific exploration and other non-extractive uses with the designation of the first BLM-managed wilderness area -- the Bear Trap Canyon unit of the Lee Metcalf Wilderness in Montana . In 1996 , President Clinton underscored non-extractive priorities on BLM lands when he established the first national monument to be administered by the BLM -- the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument in southern Utah . With this and several similar designations , a new focus emerged that would become part of how the agency looks at the land it manages : the protection of special areas where conservation and restoration of the landscape and its biological or cultural resources is the overriding objective . The Bureau of Land Management 's National Landscape Conservation System , better known as the National Conservation Lands , was created in 2000 with the mission to `` conserve , protect , and restore these nationally significant landscapes that have outstanding cultural , ecological , and scientific values for the benefit of current and future generations . '' There are ten different federal conservation designations for the units that make up the National Conservation Lands : National Monument National Conservation Area Wilderness Area Wilderness Study Area National Wild and Scenic River National Scenic Trail National Historic Trail Cooperative Management and Protection Area Forest Reserve Outstanding Natural Area The Conservation System was created in 2000 , but without Congressional authorization , there was no guarantee that the System would be permanent . The National Landscape Conservation System Act was signed into law in March 2009 . The Act permanently unified the individual units as a public lands System , protecting the System in law so that it would no longer exist at the pleasure of each president . This marked the first new congressionally authorized public lands system in decades . The Conservation System act was included in the Omnibus Public Land Management Act of 2009 , which also added 1200000 acre of new designations to the System , including a National Monument , three National Conservation Areas , Wilderness , Wild and Scenic Rivers and National Scenic Trails .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d53497190e85f48afb500258e3b49c1", "text": "List of the major 3000-meter summits of the United States The following sortable table comprises the 302 mountain peaks of the United States with at least 3000 m of topographic elevation and at least 500 m of topographic prominence . The summit of a mountain or hill may be measured in three principal ways : The topographic elevation of a summit measures the height of the summit above a geodetic sea level . The topographic prominence of a summit is a measure of how high the summit rises above its surroundings . The topographic isolation ( or radius of dominance ) of a summit measures how far the summit lies from its nearest point of equal elevation . In the United States , only Denali exceeds 6000 m elevation . Four major summits exceed 5000 m , nine exceed 4500 m , 104 major summits exceed 4000 m , 220 exceed 3500 m , and the following 302 major summits exceed 3000 m elevation . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "14b3dc86e918fb818d41b412e0339f4e", "text": "List of state universities in the United States In the United States , a state college or state university is one of the public colleges or universities funded by or associated with the state government . In some cases , these institutions of higher learning are part of a state university system , while in other cases they are not . Several U.S. territories also administer public colleges and universities . The U.S. federal government does not run colleges or universities except for the service academies , the Community College of the Air Force , the Naval Postgraduate School , the Air Force Institute of Technology , the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , military war colleges and staff colleges , and Haskell Indian Nations University . Additionally , Georgetown University , Gallaudet University , Howard University , and American University are private universities that are federally chartered . However , the federal government does make grants to state universities . These state , as well as private , universities are accredited by different regional , not national , accreditation agencies , including the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools , the New England Association of Schools and Colleges , the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities , the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools , the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools , and the Western Association of Schools and Colleges , depending on which region of the United States the university is located in . These accreditation agencies ' approvals are critical to a university 's operations and public reputation . If a university loses accreditation or is not accredited in the first place , students will be reluctant to either continue or enroll at the school because the degree will be seen as being worthless . In a worst-case scenario , a university can shut down completely . The aforementioned agencies are all recognized by the United States Department of Education . Most state universities receive at least part of their funding from the state , although many have substantial income from tuition and fees , endowment proceeds , donations ( such as from alumni or philanthropists ) , and revenue from royalties . State universities usually offer lower tuition costs to in-state residents . According to the College Board , public four-year colleges charge on average $ 7,605 per year in tuition and fees for full-time in-state students and $ 11,990 for out-of-state students . In some states , e.g. Maryland , Tennessee , Indiana , and Washington , there is a campus designated as the `` flagship '' campus in the state 's university system , which generally is the most prestigious campus and the largest campus in student population , e.g. the University of Maryland College Park campus in the University System of Maryland , the Indiana University Bloomington campus in the Indiana University System , the University of Tennessee Knoxville campus in the University of Tennessee System , and the University of Washington 's Seattle campus in the University of Washington System . However , in some other states , the state universities are treated as equal partners ; therefore there is no officially recognized flagship campus in the state 's university system . There are a number of states that have more than one university system , e.g. California with 2 ; Colorado with 2 ; New York with 2 ; and Texas with 6 ( the most ) . Notes : As a general rule , schools are not alphabetized by their complete names , but rather by the names by which they are normally called . For example , in a list alphabetized by normal rules , `` Auburn University '' would precede `` University of Alabama , '' but the schools are virtually always referred to in popular conversation as `` Auburn '' and `` Alabama '' ( followed by a campus identifier if required by the context ) . Therefore , in this article , `` Alabama '' precedes `` Auburn '' . The list includes some of the more common academic nicknames or acronyms used for certain colleges or universities , e.g. `` Ole Miss '' for the University of Mississippi , `` Idaho State '' for Idaho State University , or `` UNF '' for the University of North Florida , not the `` Rebels '' , `` Bengals '' , or `` Ospreys '' , respectively . To minimize any confusion regarding acronyms , either the first school listed or the school that is more nationally known having an acronym the same as another has the acronym provided , e.g. San Diego State University has the acronym `` SDSU '' included because it is listed before South Dakota State University , and Arizona State University has the acronym `` ASU '' given because it is better known nationally than Alabama State . In addition , only acronyms that are unique are given , e.g. `` UW Tacoma '' for the University of Washington 's Tacoma campus or `` UNH '' for the University of New Hampshire . The list also includes schools that grant first-professional doctorates only ( e.g. , medical schools , law schools , or veterinary schools ) that are independent of any other school in a state system . To see a list of community colleges and technical centers in the United States that offer only associate 's degrees , visit the community colleges list . To see a list of tribal colleges and universities in the United States , visit the tribal colleges and universities list .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a40fe3c66b028050026295869980039b", "text": "Arizona census statistical areas The statistical areas of the United States of America comprise the metropolitan statistical areas ( MSAs ) , the micropolitan statistical areas ( μSAs ) , and the combined statistical areas ( CSAs ) currently defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget ( OMB ) . Most recently on December 1 , 2009 , the Office of Management and Budget defined 1067 statistical areas for the United States , including six metropolitan statistical areas and four micropolitan statistical areas in the State of Arizona . The table below shows the recent population of these statistical areas and the 15 counties of Arizona . thumb | right | 468px | An enlargeable map of the 15 counties of the State of Arizona __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "91cd96b470cd0b7bfdb5f4e32d6df391", "text": "Geography of Oklahoma The Geography of Oklahoma encompasses terrain and ecosystems ranging from arid plains to subtropical forests and mountains . Oklahoma contains 10 distinct ecological regions , more per square mile than in any other state by a wide margin . One of six states on the Frontier Strip , it is situated in the Great Plains and U.S. Interior Highlands region near the geographical center of the 48 contiguous states . Usually considered part of the South Central United States , Oklahoma is bounded on the east by Arkansas and Missouri , on the north by Kansas , on the northwest by Colorado , on the far west by New Mexico , and on the south and near-west by Texas . The state has four primary mountain ranges : the Arbuckle Mountains , the Wichita Mountains , the Ozark Mountains and the Ouachita Mountains . Part of the U.S. Interior Highlands region , the Ozarks and Ouachitas form the only major highland region between the Rocky Mountains and the Appalachians . A portion of the Flint Hills stretches into north-central Oklahoma , and in the state 's southeastern corner , Cavanal Hill is officially regarded as the world 's tallest hill ; at 1,999 feet ( 609 m ) , it fails the definition of a mountain by one foot . More than 500 named creeks and rivers make up Oklahoma 's waterways , and with 200 lakes created by dams , it holds the highest number of reservoirs in the nation . Oklahoma covers an area of 69,898 sqmi , with 68,667 sqmi of land and 1,231 sqmi of water , making it the 20th-largest state in the United States . Generally , it is divided into seven geographical regions : Green Country , or Northeast Oklahoma , Southeastern Oklahoma , Central Oklahoma , South Central Oklahoma , Southwest Oklahoma , Northwest Oklahoma , and the Oklahoma Panhandle .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "60f8a7596cc9b299b74c27d03192d9b9", "text": "Louisiana statistical areas The statistical areas of the United States of America comprise the metropolitan statistical areas ( MSAs ) , the micropolitan statistical areas ( μSAs ) , and the combined statistical areas ( CSAs ) currently defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget ( OMB ) . Most recently on December 1 , 2009 , the Office of Management and Budget defined 1067 statistical areas for the United States , including 7 combined statistical areas , 8 metropolitan statistical areas , and 17 micropolitan statistical areas in the State of Louisiana . The table below shows the recent population of these statistical areas and the 64 parishes of Louisiana . thumb | 521px | An enlargeable map of the 64 parishes of the State of Louisiana __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5babcd801020d3d568da5a3ac6d4916f", "text": "Urban area An urban area is a human settlement with high population density and infrastructure of built environment . Urban areas are created through urbanization and are categorized by urban morphology as cities , towns , conurbations or suburbs . In urbanism , the term contrasts to rural areas such as villages and hamlets and in urban sociology or urban anthropology it contrasts with natural environment . The creation of early predecessors of urban areas during the urban revolution led to the creation of human civilization with modern urban planning , which along with other human activities such as exploitation of natural resources leads to human impact on the environment . The world 's urban population in 1950 of just 746 million has increased to 3.9 billion in the decades since . In 2009 , the number of people living in urban areas ( 3.42 billion ) surpassed the number living in rural areas ( 3.41 billion ) and since then the world has become more urban than rural . This was the first time that the majority of the world 's population lived in a city . In 2014 there were 7.25 billion people living on the planet , of which the global urban population comprised 3.9 billion . The Population Division of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs at that time predicted the urban population would grow to 6.4 billion by 2050 , with 37 % of that growth to come from three countries : China , India and Nigeria . Urban areas are created and further developed by the process of urbanization . Urban areas are measured for various purposes , including analyzing population density and urban sprawl . Unlike an urban area , a metropolitan area includes not only the urban area , but also satellite cities plus intervening rural land that is socio-economically connected to the urban core city , typically by employment ties through commuting , with the urban core city being the primary labor market .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "265e522b29c492fb85a0a5379f0100ba", "text": "Piedmont Crescent The Piedmont Crescent , also known as the Piedmont Urban Crescent , is a large , polycentric urbanized region in the U.S. state of North Carolina that forms the northern section of the rapidly developing Piedmont Atlantic megalopolis ( or `` megaregion '' ) , a conurbation also known as the `` I-85 Boombelt '' , which extends from the Raleigh area ) to Atlanta , Georgia in the southeastern United States . Residents commonly attribute development of the Crescent communities to the Indian Trading Path and related settlements established by indigenous peoples long before European contact . The Trading Path was also used by European traders , and later by settlers entering the backcountry regions of the piedmont of North Carolina , South Carolina and Georgia . Forming the shape of a crescent in North Carolina , the region is located in the central Piedmont area of the state . European-American settlement progressed generally from the east to the west , from what is now metropolitan Raleigh-Durham and the Research Triangle area at its eastern edge , through the Piedmont Triad cities of Greensboro and Winston-Salem at its center , and southwest to metropolitan Charlotte . This region has undergone sustained population and economic growth ( acutely in the Charlotte and Raleigh areas ) since the late 19th century , a trend that has accelerated since the late 20th century . It is notable as the fourth-largest manufacturing region in the country , as well as an international center of banking and finance , textiles , biotech and high technology . The region includes seven of North Carolina 's eight largest cities and encompasses many smaller cities , towns and suburban areas , as well as the metropolitan centers of the Research Triangle , Piedmont Triad , and Charlotte Metropolitan Area . It is home to almost two-thirds of North Carolina 's population . Ten major universities -- Duke , NC State , UNC Chapel Hill , UNC Charlotte , NC Central , Wake Forest , UNC-Greensboro , NC A&T State University , Elon University and High Point University -- and three international airports ( CLT , RDU and GSO ) , as well as the world-renowned Research Triangle Park , also are located in the region . Its three Combined Statistical Areas have a total population of about 6 million people ( Raleigh-Durham , 1.98 million ; Greensboro , High Point , Winston-Salem , 1.66 million ; and Charlotte , 2.62 million ) , together representing over 63 % of the state 's total population . The Piedmont Crescent name is thought to have been coined when the North Carolina Railroad company first laid tracks through the area in 1855-56 . The railway , which was named the `` Piedmont Crescent Railroad '' , brought extensive growth to the communities along its route . These evolved to comprise today 's interlinked urbanized region . Although the freight and passenger rail corridor remains of critical importance , the region 's Interstate 85 and Interstate 40 freeway system serves as its primary transportation link today .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9e983e3b69889120a5b5bb2a829f2121", "text": "List of urbanized areas in Florida (by population) The United States Census Bureau defines an Urbanized Area to be `` one or more places ( ` central place ' ) and the adjacent densely settled surrounding territory ( ` urban fringe ' ) that together have a minimum of 50,000 persons . '' There are a number of rules specifying what is included in the urban fringe , but it `` generally consists of contiguous territory having a density of at least 1,000 persons per square mile '' . Urbanized Areas often form the cores of Metropolitan Statistical Areas , and as they comprise census tracts rather than local political subdivisions ( counties , in Florida ) , they are generally smaller than the corresponding Metropolitan Statistical Area . A Metropolitan Statistical Area may have more than one Urbanized Area within its boundaries , and an Urbanized Area may extend into more than one Metropolitan Statistical Area . As of 2010 , the US Census Bureau has defined thirty Urbanized Areas in Florida .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2229621244b8d22c2be118929dab37ae", "text": "Place (United States Census Bureau) The United States Census Bureau defines a place as a concentration of population which has a name , is locally recognized , and is not part of any other place . A place typically has a residential nucleus and a closely spaced street pattern , and it frequently includes commercial property and other urban land uses . A place may be an incorporated place ( a self-governing city , town , or village ) or it may be a census-designated place ( CDP ) . Incorporated places are defined by the laws of the states in which they are contained . The Census Bureau delineates CDPs . A small settlement in the open countryside or the densely settled fringe of a large city may not be a place as defined by the Census Bureau . As of the 1990 Census , only 26 % of the people in the United States lived outside of places .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b8a2da7d2c76af7c1b05c8dc7c9e959", "text": "History of the United States The date of the start of the history of the United States is a subject of debate among historians . Older textbooks start with the arrival of Christopher Columbus on October 12 , 1492 and emphasize the European background of the colonization of the Americas , or they start around 1600 and emphasize the American frontier . In recent decades American schools and universities typically have shifted back in time to include more on the colonial period and much more on the prehistory of the Native Americans . Indigenous people lived in what is now the United States for thousands of years before European colonists began to arrive , mostly from England , after 1600 . The Spanish built small settlements in Florida and the Southwest , and the French along the Mississippi River and the Gulf Coast . By the 1770s , thirteen British colonies contained two and a half million people along the Atlantic coast east of the Appalachian Mountains . After the end of the French and Indian Wars in the 1760s , the British government imposed a series of new taxes , rejecting the colonists ' argument that any new taxes had to be approved by them ( see Stamp Act 1765 ) . Tax resistance , especially the Boston Tea Party ( 1773 ) , led to punitive laws ( the Intolerable Acts ) by Parliament designed to end self-government in Massachusetts . American Patriots ( as they called themselves ) adhered to a political ideology called republicanism that emphasized civic duty , virtue , and opposition to corruption , fancy luxuries and aristocracy . Armed conflict began in 1775 as Patriots drove the royal officials out of every colony and assembled in mass meetings and conventions . In 1776 , the Second Continental Congress declared that there was a new , independent nation , the United States of America , not just a collection of disparate colonies . With large-scale military and financial support from France and the military leadership of General George Washington , the American Patriots won the Revolutionary War . The peace treaty of 1783 gave the new nation the land east of the Mississippi River ( except Florida and Canada ) . The central government established by the Articles of Confederation proved ineffectual at providing stability , as it had no authority to collect taxes and had no executive officer . Congress called a convention to meet secretly in Philadelphia in 1787 . It wrote a new Constitution , which was adopted in 1789 . In 1791 , a Bill of Rights was added to guarantee inalienable rights . With Washington as the first president and Alexander Hamilton his chief political and financial adviser , a strong central government was created . When Thomas Jefferson became president he purchased the Louisiana Territory from France , doubling the size of the United States . A second and final war with Britain was fought in 1812 . Encouraged by the notion of Manifest Destiny , federal territory expanded all the way to the Pacific . The U.S. always was large in terms of area , but its population was small , only 4 million in 1790 . Population growth was rapid , reaching 7.2 million in 1810 , 32 million in 1860 , 76 million in 1900 , 132 million in 1940 , and 321 million in 2015 . Economic growth in terms of overall GDP was even faster . However , compared to European powers , the nation 's military strength was relatively limited in peacetime before 1940 . The expansion was driven by a quest for inexpensive land for yeoman farmers and slave owners . The expansion of slavery was increasingly controversial and fueled political and constitutional battles , which were resolved by compromises . Slavery was abolished in all states north of the Mason -- Dixon line by 1804 , but the South continued to profit off the institution , producing high-value cotton exports to feed increasing high demand in Europe . The 1860 presidential election of Republican Abraham Lincoln was on a platform of ending the expansion of slavery and putting it on a path to extinction . Seven cotton-based deep South slave states seceded and later founded the Confederacy four months before Lincoln 's inauguration . No nation ever recognized the Confederacy , but it opened the war by attacking Fort Sumter in 1861 . A surge of nationalist outrage in the North fueled a long , intense American Civil War ( 1861 -- 1865 ) . It was fought largely in the South as the overwhelming material and manpower advantages of the North proved decisive in a long war . The war 's result was restoration of the Union , the impoverishment of the South , and the abolition of slavery . In the Reconstruction era ( 1863 -- 1877 ) , legal and voting rights were extended to the freed slave . The national government emerged much stronger , and because of the Fourteenth Amendment in 1868 , it gained the explicit duty to protect individual rights . However , when white Democrats regained their power in the South during the 1870s , often by paramilitary suppression of voting , they passed Jim Crow laws to maintain white supremacy , and new disfranchising constitutions that prevented most African Americans and many poor whites from voting , a situation that continued for decades until gains of the civil rights movement in the 1960s and passage of federal legislation to enforce constitutional rights . The United States became the world 's leading industrial power at the turn of the 20th century due to an outburst of entrepreneurship in the Northeast and Midwest and the arrival of millions of immigrant workers and farmers from Europe . The national railroad network was completed with the work of Chinese immigrants and large-scale mining and factories industrialized the Northeast and Midwest . Mass dissatisfaction with corruption , inefficiency and traditional politics stimulated the Progressive movement , from the 1890s to 1920s , which led to many social and political reforms . In 1920 , the 19th Amendment to the Constitution guaranteed women 's suffrage ( right to vote ) . This followed the 16th and 17th amendments in 1913 , which established the first national income tax and direct election of US senators to Congress . Initially neutral during World War I , the US declared war on Germany in 1917 and later funded the Allied victory the following year . After a prosperous decade in the 1920s , the Wall Street Crash of 1929 marked the onset of the decade-long worldwide Great Depression . Democratic President Franklin D. Roosevelt ended the Republican dominance of the White House and implemented his New Deal programs for relief , recovery , and reform . The New Deal , which defined modern American liberalism , included relief for the unemployed , support for farmers , Social Security and a minimum wage . After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7 , 1941 , the United States entered World War II along with Britain , the Soviet Union , China , and the smaller number of Allied nations . The U.S. financed the Allied war effort and helped defeat Nazi Germany in the European theater . Its involvement culminated in using the newly invented nuclear weapons on Japanese cities that helped defeat Imperial Japan in the Pacific theater . The United States and the Soviet Union emerged as rival superpowers after World War II . During the Cold War , the US and the USSR confronted each other indirectly in the arms race , the Space Race , proxy wars , and propaganda campaigns . US foreign policy during the Cold War was built around the support of Western Europe and Japan along with the policy of containment , stopping the spread of communism . The US joined the wars in Korea and Vietnam to try to stop its spread . In the 1960s , in large part due to the strength of the civil rights movement , another wave of social reforms were enacted by enforcing the constitutional rights of voting and freedom of movement to African-Americans and other racial minorities . Native American activism also rose . The Cold War ended when the Soviet Union officially dissolved in 1991 , leaving the United States as the world 's only superpower . After the Cold War , the United States focused on international conflicts around the Middle East in response to the Gulf War in the early 1990s . The beginning of the 21st century saw the September 11 attacks by Al-Qaeda in 2001 , which would later followed by the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan . In 2008 , the United States had its worst economic crisis since the Great Depression , which has been followed by slower than usual rates of economic growth during the 2010s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fdc42be65eb2d43bfe8fef54d596a66a", "text": "Roads and freeways in metropolitan Detroit The roads and freeways in metropolitan Detroit comprise the main thoroughfares in the region . The freeways consist of an advanced network of interconnecting freeways which include Interstate highways . The Metro Detroit region 's extensive toll-free freeway system , together with its status as a major port city , provide advantages to its location as a global business center . There are no toll roads in Michigan . Detroiters may refer to freeways by the formal name more often where one has been designated rather than route number . Other freeways without formal names are known by the number such as I‑275 and M‑59 . M‑53 , while not officially designated may be locally referred to by its name `` Van Dyke '' . Detroit area freeways are typically sunken below ground level to permit local traffic to pass over the freeway and for appearance . Following a historic fire in 1805 , Judge Augustus B. Woodward devised a plan similar to Pierre Charles L'Enfant 's design for Washington , D.C. . Detroit 's monumental avenues and traffic circles fan out in a baroque styled radial fashion from Grand Circus Park in the heart of the city 's theater district , which facilitates traffic patterns along the city 's tree-lined boulevards and parks . The ` Woodward plan ' proposed a system of hexagonal street blocks , with the Grand Circus at its center . Wide avenues , alternatively 200 ft and 120 ft , would emanate from large circular plazas like spokes from the hub of a wheel . As the city grew these would spread in all directions from the banks of the Detroit River . When Woodward presented his proposal , Detroit had fewer than 1,000 residents . Elements of the plan were implemented . Most prominent of these are the five main `` spokes '' of Woodward , Michigan , Gratiot , Grand River and Jefferson Avenues . The Mile Road System in Metro Detroit and Southeast Michigan facilitates ease of navigation in the region . It was established as a way to delineate east -- west roads through the Detroit area and the surrounding rural rim . The Mile Road system , and its most famous road , 8 Mile Road , came about largely as a result of the Land Ordinance of 1785 , which established the basis for the Public Land Survey System in which land throughout the Northwest Territory was surveyed and divided into survey townships by reference to a baseline ( east -- west line ) and meridian ( north -- south line ) . In Southeast Michigan , many roads would be developed parallel to the base line and the meridian , and many of the east -- west roads would be incorporated into the Mile Road System . The Mile Road System extended easterly into Detroit , but is interrupted , because much of Detroit 's early settlements and farms were based on early French land grants that were aligned northwest-to-southeast with frontage along the Detroit River and on later development along roads running into downtown Detroit in a star pattern , such as Woodward , Jefferson , Grand River , Gratiot , and Michigan Avenues , developed by Augustus Woodward in imitation of Washington , D.C. 's system . As Detroit grew , several Mile Roads were given new names within the city borders , while some roads incorporated as part of the Mile Road System have traditionally been known by their non-mile names . It is unclear if they ever bore mile numbers formally . The baseline used in the survey of Michigan lands runs along 8 Mile Road , which is approximately eight miles directly north of the junction of Woodward Avenue and Michigan Avenue in downtown Detroit . As a result , the direct east -- west portion of Michigan Avenue , and M‑153 ( Ford Road ) west of Wyoming Avenue , forms the `` zero mile '' baseline for this mile road system . The precise point of origin is located in Campus Martius Park , marked by a medallion embedded in the stone walkway . It is situated in the western point of the diamond surrounding Woodward Fountain , just in front of the Fountain Bistro .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd65b4b61a4dde3974ee541173b2a8aa", "text": "South Dakota South Dakota ( -LSB- saʊθ_dəˈkoʊtə -RSB- -LSB- -LSB- ˌsɑʊθ dəˈko̞ɾə -RSB- -RSB- ) is a state located in the Midwestern region of the United States . It is named after the Lakota and Dakota Sioux Native American tribes , who compose a significant portion of the population and historically dominated the entire territory . South Dakota is the 17th most expansive , but the 5th least populous and the 5th least densely populated of the 50 United States . Once the southern portion of the Dakota Territory , South Dakota became a state on November 2 , 1889 , simultaneously with North Dakota . Pierre is the state capital and Sioux Falls , with a population of about 171,000 , is South Dakota 's largest city . South Dakota is bordered by the states of North Dakota ( on the north ) , Minnesota ( to the east ) , Iowa ( to the southeast ) , Nebraska ( on the south ) , Wyoming ( on the west ) , and Montana ( to the northwest ) . The state is bisected by the Missouri River , dividing South Dakota into two geographically and socially distinct halves , known to residents as `` East River '' and `` West River '' . Eastern South Dakota is home to most of the state 's population , and fertile soil in this area is used to grow a variety of crops . West of the Missouri , ranching is the predominant agricultural activity , and the economy is more dependent on tourism and defense spending . Most of the Native American reservations are located in West River . The Black Hills , a group of low pine-covered mountains sacred to the Sioux , are located in the southwest part of the state . Mount Rushmore , a major tourist destination , is located there . South Dakota experiences a temperate continental climate , with four distinct seasons and precipitation ranging from moderate in the east to semi-arid in the west . The ecology of the state features species typical of a North American grassland biome . Humans have inhabited the area for several millennia , with the Sioux becoming dominant by the early 19th century . In the late 19th century , European-American settlement intensified after a gold rush in the Black Hills and the construction of railroads from the east . Encroaching miners and settlers triggered a number of Indian wars , ending with the Wounded Knee Massacre in 1890 . Key events in the 20th century included the Dust Bowl and Great Depression , increased federal spending during the 1940s and 50s for agriculture and defense , and an industrialization of agriculture that has much reduced family farming . While several Democratic senators have represented South Dakota for multiple terms at the federal level , the state government is largely controlled by the Republican Party , whose nominees have carried South Dakota in each of the last 13 presidential elections . Historically dominated by an agricultural economy and a rural lifestyle , South Dakota has recently sought to diversify its economy in areas to attract and retain residents . South Dakota 's history and rural character still strongly influence the culture of the state .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "04179ffd0b24af2a17c37155a2197628", "text": "List of place names of French origin in the United States Several thousand place names in the United States have names of French origin , some a legacy of past French exploration and rule over much of the land and some in honor of French help during the American Revolution and the founding of the country ( see also : New France and French in the United States ) . Others were named after early Americans of French , especially Huguenot , ancestry ( Marion , Revere , Fremont , Lanier , Sevier , Macon , Decatur , etc. ) . Some places received their names as a consequence of French colonial settlement ( e.g. Baton Rouge , Detroit , New Orleans , Saint Louis ) . Nine state capitals are French words or of French origin ( Baton Rouge , Boise , Des Moines , Juneau , Montgomery , Montpelier , Pierre , Richmond , Saint Paul ) - not even counting Little Rock ( originally `` La Petite Roche '' ) or Cheyenne ( a French rendering of a Lakota word ) , compared to only two that are Spanish ( Sacramento and Santa Fe ) . Fifteen state names are either French words / origin ( Delaware , New Jersey , Louisiana , Maine , Oregon , Vermont ) or Native American words rendered by French speakers ( Arkansas , Illinois , Iowa , Kansas , Michigan , Mississippi , Mississippi , Ohio , Wisconsin ) , versus nine state names that are Spanish or Spanish rendered ( Montana , California , Colorado , Florida , Montana , Nevada , New Mexico , Texas , Utah ) . The suffix '' - ville , '' from the French word for `` city '' is common for town and city names throughout the United States . Many originally French place names , possibly hundreds , in the Midwest and Upper West were replaced with directly translated English names once American settlers became locally dominant ( e.g. `` La Petite Roche '' became Little Rock ; `` Baie Verte '' became Green Bay ; `` Grandes Fourches '' became Grand Forks ) . In contrast , Spanish place names in the Southwest were generally not replaced by English names .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e27ff8b9cdfb1b16ff2facd7c1985db", "text": "List of the highest major summits of the United States The following sortable table comprises the 200 highest mountain peaks of the United States with at least 500 m of topographic prominence . The summit of a mountain or hill may be measured in three principal ways : The topographic elevation of a summit measures the height of the summit above a geodetic sea level . The topographic prominence of a summit is a measure of how high the summit rises above its surroundings . The topographic isolation ( or radius of dominance ) of a summit measures how far the summit lies from its nearest point of equal elevation . In the United States , only Denali exceeds 6000 m elevation . Four major summits exceed 5000 m , nine exceed 4500 m , 104 exceed 4000 m , 220 exceed 3500 m , and 302 major summits exceed 3000 m elevation . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "130fc1ff9ed826ce18b4bffd478ea6d4", "text": "List of belt regions of the United States The belt regions of the United States are portions of the country that share certain characteristics . The `` belt '' terminology was first applied to growing regions for various crops , which often follow lines of latitude because those are more likely to have similar climates . The allusion was to a long clothing belt , as seen on a map . The usage has expanded to other climatic , economic , and cultural concentrations . These regions are not formally defined ; they frequently overlap and have vague borders . The terminology is also used outside the U.S. ( e.g. , India 's Hindi Belt ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ad465a94b15f3b24572c674db0e409f", "text": "Laurentide Ice Sheet The Laurentide Ice Sheet was a massive sheet of ice that covered millions of square kilometers , including most of Canada and a large portion of the northern United States , multiple times during the Quaternary glacial epochs -- from 2.588 ± 0.005 million years ago to the present . < ref name = `` ICS2013 '' > </ref> The last advance covered most of northern North America between c. 95,000 and c. 20,000 years before the present day , and among other geomorphological effects , gouged out the five Great Lakes and the hosts of smaller lakes of the Canadian shield . These lakes extend from the eastern Northwest Territories , through most of northern Canada , and the upper Midwestern United States ( Minnesota , Wisconsin , and Michigan ) to the Finger Lakes , through Lake Champlain and Lake George areas of New York , across the northern Appalachians into and through all of New England and Nova Scotia . At times , the ice sheet 's southern margin included the present-day sites of northeastern coastal towns and cities such as Portsmouth , New Hampshire , Boston , New York City , and Great Lakes coastal cities and towns as far south as Chicago and St. Louis , Missouri -- and then followed quite precisely the present course of the Missouri River up to the northern slopes of the Cypress Hills , beyond which it merged with the Cordilleran Ice Sheet . The ice coverage extended approximately as far south as 38 degrees latitude in the mid-continent .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "770b562493d468fc8ff4e2a9f4df7314", "text": "No Reservations (film) No Reservations is a 2007 American romantic comedy-drama film directed by Scott Hicks . Starring Catherine Zeta-Jones , Aaron Eckhart and Abigail Breslin , the screenplay by Carol Fuchs is an adaptation of an original script by Sandra Nettelbeck , which served as the basis for the 2001 German film Mostly Martha , and revolves around a hard-edged chef whose life is turned upside down when she decides to take in her young niece following a tragic accident that killed her sister . Patricia Clarkson , Bob Balaban and Jenny Wade co-star , with Brían F. O'Byrne , Lily Rabe , and Zoe Kravitz -- appearing in her first feature film -- playing supporting roles . The film received a mixed reception by critics , who found it `` predictable and too melancholy for the genre '' , resulting in a 41 % overall approval rating from Rotten Tomatoes . Upon its opening release on July 27 , 2007 in the United States and Canada , No Reservations became a moderate commercial success : The film grossed $ 12 million in its opening weekend , eventually grossing over $ 43 million at the domestic box-office and over $ 92 million worldwide . Breslin was nominated for a Young Artist Award for her performance .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "46ab44bb9b39d7b67bc8f358287f0730", "text": "Patricia Mauceri Patricia Mauceri ( born April 7 , 1950 ) is an American actress most recognized for her role as Carlotta Vega on the ABC soap opera , One Life to Live .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "825297ca76bdb0b6f8a628e491b4451d", "text": "Gotham Independent Film Awards 2010 The 20th Annual Gotham Independent Film Awards were held on November 29 , 2010 . The nominees were announced on October 18 , 2010 . The ceremony was hosted by Patricia Clarkson and Stanley Tucci .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "24b3b410d7202bb2d4ff7e119bfb1d13", "text": "Margaret Clarkson Margaret Clarkson ( born August 13 , 1941 ) was born in Rotherham England and trained as an artist at Rotherham School of Art and Bromley College of Art . Later she became an art teacher in South Yorkshire . Clarkson works mainly with water colours and is best known for nostalic scenes set in 1940s and 1950s England . She is known for her paintings , limited edition prints and greeting cards which have been exhibited in galleries and art retail outlets throughout UK , including the National Trust in England , Wales and Northern Ireland . Commissions of her work have included book illustrations such as in the autobiography Life in a Liberty Bodice . Random recollections of a Yorkshire childhood . Clarkson is a member of the Fine Art Trade Guild and was a finalist in their Best Selling Published Artist awards in 2006 , 2007 and 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "72ff7bf42e4bc11e9c558d326e6ac8c5", "text": "No Place Like Home (Wentworth) `` No Place Like Home '' is the first episode of Wentworth . The episode primarily centres around Bea Smith . This episode introduced the major characters Bea , Franky , Liz , Doreen , Jacs , Vera , Erica , Will , Boomer , Harry and Debbie . The main plot of the episode centers around Bea trying to fit into prison life while it tells her story of her being regularly abused by her husband . Other storylines feature the rivalry between Jacs and Franky which results in a riot which kills governor Meg Jackson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "02c14c6476c63dff0976061e04c98684", "text": "Central Reservation (song) `` Central Reservation '' is a song by Beth Orton , released as a single in 1999 . It was released as the second single from the album of the same title , using the `` Then Again version '' of the song instead of the original acoustic version . It peaked at # 37 in the UK Singles Chart . A video to promote the single was filmed in New York City , produced by Sophie Muller .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c839b1d6c5a79392fee691e3952ed227", "text": "Pat Klous Patricia `` Pat '' Klous ( born October 19 , 1948 ) is an American television actress and former model , best known for her roles as stewardess Marcy Bower on the CBS TV series Flying High ( 1978 -- 79 ) and as cruise director Judy McCoy on the ABC sitcom The Love Boat ( 1984 -- 86 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "62f7ed2429badbffbefe64ac65fcf4cf", "text": "Patricia Arquette Patricia Arquette ( born April 8 , 1968 ) is an American actress . She made her film debut in A Nightmare on Elm Street 3 : Dream Warriors ( 1987 ) at the age of eighteen . Her notable films include Tony Scott 's True Romance ( 1993 ) , Tim Burton 's Ed Wood ( 1994 ) , David O. Russell 's Flirting with Disaster ( 1996 ) , David Lynch 's Lost Highway ( 1997 ) , Stephen Frears 's The Hi-Lo Country ( 1998 ) , Martin Scorsese 's Bringing Out the Dead ( 1999 ) , and Andrew Davis 's Holes ( 2003 ) . For her performance in Richard Linklater 's Boyhood ( 2014 ) , which was filmed from 2002 until 2014 , she received widespread critical praise and won the Academy Award , BAFTA Award , Critics ' Choice Award , Golden Globe Award , Independent Spirit Award , and SAG Award for Best Supporting Actress . Arquette 's Academy Award acceptance speech , which she used to bring female wage inequality to attention , received widespread news coverage . On television , she played the character Allison DuBois -- based on the author and medium Allison DuBois , who claims to have psychic abilities -- in the supernatural drama series Medium ( 2005 -- 11 ) . She received three Golden Globe nominations and two Emmy Award nominations , winning the Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama in 2005 . Arquette also appeared in the CSI franchise as Avery Ryan , the Deputy Director of the FBI , starring in CSI : Cyber ( 2015 -- 16 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d1cc58d3832719024f21c23ed2d5e9e1", "text": "Patricia Potter Patricia Caroline Potter ( born 3 March 1975 ) is an English actress . Best known for her role as Diane Lloyd in the popular BBC medical drama Holby City , Potter has acted on stage , television , and in film . She married her partner , doctor Jim Down , in May 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b57de5f2674dea70c1cb6e0a25e44357", "text": "Because of You (Kelly Clarkson song) `` Because of You '' is a song recorded by American pop singer Kelly Clarkson for her second studio album , Breakaway ( 2004 ) . It was written by Clarkson along with its producers David Hodges and Ben Moody . It was released on August 16 , 2005 by RCA Records , as the third single from Breakaway . Clarkson originally wrote `` Because of You '' when she was 16 years old to cope with the emotional distress caused by her parents ' divorce . She wanted the song to be included on her debut studio album , Thankful ( 2003 ) , but her record label rejected the song . She then polished the song with Hodges and Moody before successfully convincing her label to include it on Breakaway . Lyrically , `` Because of You '' explores the pain of a deteriorating relationship with her father . Critics noted that the lyrics are Clarkson 's ode to her father . The song begins with a piano-led melody and as it launches into the chorus , the sound of a roaring guitar becomes apparent . `` Because of You '' received acclaim from music critics , who complimented its expressive lyrics , creative arrangement and Clarkson 's vocal prowess . It peaked at number seven on the Billboard Hot 100 and sold over 1.5 million digital downloads in the United States . It was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . `` Because of You '' became Clarkson 's biggest success in Europe , topping the European Hot 100 Singles chart . It also reached number one in the Netherlands , Denmark and Switzerland , as well as the top ten in Australia , Austria , Canada , Germany , Belgium , Hungary , Ireland , and the United Kingdom . The song 's accompanying music video was directed by Vadim Perelman . Clarkson wrote the treatment for the video herself in order to reflect the pain that she felt due to her parents ' divorce . The video 's plot centers on Clarkson engaging in a heated argument with her husband in front of her child before realizing that she was repeating her parents ' mistake . It won in the category for Best Female Video at the 2006 MTV Video Music Awards . `` Because of You '' was performed live at numerous venues , including the My December Tour ( 2007 ) as well as the All I Ever Wanted Tour ( 2009 ) . It was covered by several artists including Ronan Parke , who was a runner-up in the fifth series of Britain 's Got Talent , and added to the international soundtrack of Brazilian soap opera Belíssima . In 2007 , the song was recorded by Reba McEntire as a duet with Clarkson , which was released as a lead single for McEntire 's twenty-fourth studio album Reba : Duets . `` Piece by Piece '' , the title track from Clarkson 's seventh studio album , serves as the canonical sequel to `` Because of You '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c10d87392dd4a4850363c563d969e80", "text": "The Nonentity The Nonentity is a 1922 British silent adventure film directed by Sinclair Hill and starring Annette Benson , Hugh Buckler and Daisy Campbell . The screenplay concerns an aristocrat who goes undercover in British India to rescue a woman .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "088c7ff3fce3405a5a1756fd68bc8d0a", "text": "The Jane Show The Jane Show is a Canadian television sitcom produced by Shaftesbury Films that was shown on Global from 2006 to 2007 . The series stars Teresa Pavlinek as Jane Black , an aspiring novelist who takes a corporate job after her life undergoes a major upheaval . Pavlinek was also a cocreator , producer and writer for the series . The show 's cast also included Patricia Zentilli , Darren Boyd , Kate Trotter , Hardee T. Lineham , Nigel Shawn Williams and Andrew Misle . Global originally aired the series pilot in December 2004 , but retooled and redeveloped the program before ordering more episodes , which aired in 2006 . The second season aired in 2007 . The show was officially cancelled by Global on June 28 , 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70a0f8e523afc6f88ad0b4db6a7c0a86", "text": "Be Still (Kelly Clarkson song) `` Be Still '' is a song by American recording artist Kelly Clarkson , from her third studio album , My December ( 2007 ) . Written by Kelly Clarkson and Aben Eubanks , and produced by David Kahne , `` Be Still '' is an acoustic folk blues ballad set moderately slow acoustic and electric guitars . Clarkson wrote the song as an introspective ballad based on her exhaustive experience from touring and promoting her second studio album , Breakaway ( 2004 ) . Inspired by one of her favorite Bible verses , ( `` Be still , and know that I ( God ) am here '' ) , the song is about taking a break from everyday things and taking a moment to appreciate one life . `` Be Still '' has received positive critical reception from music critics , who praised it as one of the album 's highlights . Clarkson has included the song in the touring set of her My December Tour from 2007-08 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e304dcf363832a9d8fd9dd51889bf5e0", "text": "Patricia Maxwell Patricia Maxwell , née Patricia Anne Ponder ( born March 9 , 1942 near Goldonna , Louisiana ) is a best-selling American author of over fifty novels . A member of the Romance Writers of America Hall of Fame and the Affaire de Coeur Romance Hall of Fame , Maxwell has received numerous awards for her writing . Her first novel in the romance genre , Love 's Wild Desire , became a New York Times Bestseller . Maxwell has published books under five different names . Using her real name , Patricia Maxwell , she writes Gothic mystery-suspense romances ; she wrote one book in collaboration with Carol Albritton , that was published under Elizabeth Trehearne , under her maiden name , Patricia Ponder , she wrote a murder mystery and a romantic suspense story , as Maxine Patrick , she wrote contemporary romances and as Jennifer Blake she writes historical romances . Many of her books are set in her native Louisiana .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "449f70ded3aa21c7c5f86ff607917bce", "text": "Waiting at the Royal Waiting at the Royal is a 2000 Australian drama film starring Catherine McClements , Noni Hazlehurst , Josephine Byrnes and Jo Kennedy . It is about four women from very different backgrounds sharing a maternity ward .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da840d95d86bd6971d04ba89f158abd2", "text": "A Moment Like This `` A Moment Like This '' is the debut single by American singer Kelly Clarkson , the winner of the first season of American Idol . It was released as a double-A side with `` Before Your Love '' and topped the Billboard Hot 100 . The song was later included on her debut album , Thankful ( 2003 ) . It is her coronation song from American Idol . In 2006 , the song was recorded and released by British singer Leona Lewis , the winner of the third series of The X Factor . Her version gained the Christmas number one , outselling the rest of the top 40 combined . Lewis ' version has sold 914,000 copies as of 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa372d29b902c23059f58e6252227e94", "text": "Jennifer Grant Jennifer Diane Grant ( born February 26 , 1966 ) is an American actress , the only child of actors Cary Grant and Dyan Cannon . She is best known for roles in the television series Beverly Hills , 90210 and Movie Stars .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aae1bc443c28cbc1c4a97b19c61a83f4", "text": "Patricia Brooks Patricia Brooks ( November 7 , 1937 -- January 22 , 1993 ) , was a lyric soprano , actress , and opera singer , who performed primarily with the New York City Opera . She was known for her acting ability as much as for her voice .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68086bf6f1297817440fa1db93a02549", "text": "Another Op'nin', Another Show `` Another Op ` nin ' , Another Show '' is the opening number of Cole Porter 's 1948 musical Kiss Me , Kate . Sung by a band of players performing a musical adaption of Shakespeare 's The Taming of the Shrew , the song has become regarded as a show business anthem on a level with `` That 's Entertainment ! '' ( from The Band Wagon ) and `` There 's No Business Like Show Business '' ( from Annie Get Your Gun ) . However , it was not included in the 1953 film version of the musical . Adelaide Hall , playing the role of Hattie , sang Another Op ` nin ' , Another Show on the West-End stage ( 400 times ) when the London production of Kiss Me , Kate opened on 8 March 1951 at the Coliseum Theatre where it ran for 400 performances . Patricia Morison ( who starred in the original Broadway production of Kiss Me Kate ) , Marin Mazzie , and Hannah Waddingham have all performed versions of the song . It was also the opening number of episode 514 of The Muppet Show", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8713a91e56d5a2eef96f2f365288ac97", "text": "The Secret Policeman's Ball 2008 The Secret Policeman 's Ball 2008 was a show in the Secret Policeman 's Balls series of benefit shows for Amnesty International . In July 2008 , Amnesty announced that it would present another show in its long-running series Like its 2006 predecessor the show was a single-night live event at London 's Royal Albert Hall , on Saturday 4 October 2008 . In common with other recent Amnesty benefit shows , the majority of the performers were British ( or UK-based ) and well-known primarily only in Great Britain , the one Canadian comedian Russell Peters appeared via a pre-recorded video-tape . Performers who were listed to perform were : Frank Skinner Alan Carr Graham Norton Sean Lock Kristen Schaal Fearne Cotton Matt Berry Katherine Parkinson Mitchell and Webb Jason Manford Shappi Khorsandi Russell Howard Russell Peters ( via video-tape ) Katy Brand Tim Minchin Sarah Millican Kayvan Novak Meera Syal Sean Williamson Sharon Horgan Nick Mohammed Dan Clark David Armand Eddie Izzard Ed Byrne Deborah Meaden Jon Culshaw Gok Wan Michael Fenton Stevens Keane Razorlight The 3-hour event was video-taped and a 95-minute television special adapted from the show was broadcast the following day , Sunday 5 October 2008 , on Britain 's Channel Four . There was also a `` cinecast '' in which the Royal Albert Hall event was shown live in 35 cinemas in major British cities . It was also available live in 4 cinemas in Australia . The `` cinecast '' was available in cinemas in six of Canada 's thirteen provinces and territories . The Cineplex cinema chain made the film available on 50 of its 1,317 screens , however Amnesty and Cineplex did not announce the Canadian `` cinecast '' until Wednesday October 1 2008 , just three days before the screenings which did not allow time for the event to be effectively promoted in Canada .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06933e57bfcc59ab996445431d9be8a9", "text": "Mary and Martha (film) Mary and Martha is a 2013 British-American television film starring Hilary Swank and Brenda Blethyn , and directed by Phillip Noyce . Based on a screenplay by Richard Curtis , it was produced by Working Title Television , in association with the BBC and NBCUniversal . The film had its UK premiere on March 1 , 2013 on the BBC and premiered in the US on HBO on April 20 , 2013 . based on a true story .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "70a04fc6e82382328df5342a6ef3292f", "text": "Christian Bale Christian Charles Philip Bale ( born 30 January 1974 ) is an English actor . He has starred both in blockbuster films and smaller projects from independent producers and art houses . Bale first caught the public eye at the age of 13 , when he was cast in the starring role of Steven Spielberg 's Empire of the Sun ( 1987 ) . Based on the original story by J. G. Ballard , Bale played an English boy who is separated from his parents and subsequently finds himself lost in a Japanese internment camp during World War II . In 2000 , he garnered critical acclaim for his portrayal of serial killer Patrick Bateman in American Psycho . He is known for going to great lengths to portray characters in films , notably for the psychological thriller The Machinist ( 2004 ) , where he lost 63 pounds ( 28.5 kg ) to play the role of Trevor Reznik . Bale went on to receive greater commercial recognition for his starring role as Batman in Christopher Nolan 's Batman Begins ( 2005 ) , The Dark Knight ( 2008 ) and The Dark Knight Rises ( 2012 ) . His portrayal of Dicky Eklund in the David O. Russell-directed biographical film The Fighter ( 2010 ) , earned him critical acclaim and a number of awards , including the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor . He has since gained further acclaim as well as subsequent Academy Award , Screen Actors Guild Award and Golden Globe nominations for his roles in Russell 's American Hustle ( 2013 ) and Adam McKay 's The Big Short ( 2015 ) .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "c653268c36582cf9ed0cd8a1ee1cf867", "text": "Christiane Hammacher Christiane Hammacher ( born 1939 in Mannheim , Germany ) is a German actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b4104fe940664470c1ccafe4d800a05", "text": "Åke Sandgren Åke Sandgren ( born 13 May 1955 ) is a Swedish-Danish film director and screenwriter . He has written and directed a number of films in a variety of genres , mostly in Denmark where he now lives .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa3d9d0c77433d18ef44aaa82a095627", "text": "Chris Channing Chris Channing ( born Christopher Dean Andrews , 14 April 1962 ) is an English performer , designer and theatre maker . He is based in Emilia-Romagna , Italy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d6881a356abf00ca4f1906ebba14b62e", "text": "Detlef Bothe (actor) Detlef Bothe ( born 24 July 1965 ) is a German actor , screenwriter , film director and producer . Since the early 1990s , he has appeared in numerous film and television productions , both German and international . In 2015 , he appeared in the James Bond film Spectre as a henchman , in a scene where he and Q ( Ben Whishaw ) are seen riding a cable car in the Austrian Alps .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca092d7cf0a884de7f1252a1ce79bf03", "text": "Christian Constant Christian Constant ( born 18 May 1950 ) is a French chef and entrepreneur .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e093cdfe286d126a041bd8b6d1d71905", "text": "Bobby Vitale Bobby Vitale , also known as Bobby Vitali , ( born June 30 , 1965 ) is a retired American pornographic actor of Italian descent . He entered the adult film industry in 1995 and has performed in over 418 titles . His filmography includes films directed by John Leslie . Vitale has directed two adult films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "291527c3a5f1c9dbd467d67c957d0602", "text": "Theatre of Australia Theatre of Australia refers to the history of the performing arts in Australia , or produced by Australians . There are theatrical and dramatic aspects to a number of Indigenous Australian ceremonies such as the corroboree . During its colonial period , Australian theatrical arts were generally linked to the broader traditions of English literature and to British and Irish theatre . Australian literature and theatrical artists ( including Aboriginal as well as Anglo-Celtic and multicultural migrant Australians ) have over the last two centuries introduced the culture of Australia and the character of a new continent to the world stage . Individuals who have contributed to theatre in Australia and internationally include Sir Robert Helpmann , Dame Joan Sutherland , Barry Humphries , David Williamson , Cate Blanchett , Geoffrey Rush , Judy Davis , Jim Sharman , Tim Minchin and Baz Luhrmann . Notable theatrical institutions include the Sydney Opera House , and the National Institute of Dramatic Art in Sydney .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c21fa25892920c8aeed631c5e4460388", "text": "Basler (fashion) Basler is a German fashion brand founded in Berlin , Germany in 1936 . Fritz Basler GmbH & Co. . KG was founded by Fritz Basler and his wife Elisabeth , with manufacturing in Kreuzberg , and management in management relocated to Berlin-Charlottenburg . In 1959 , manufacturing moved to Aschaffenburg , Bavaria .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9400d08b54d4531498a10b9a7e790c1c", "text": "Billy Bales Raymond Arthur ( Billy ) Bales ( born 6 June 1929 in Norwich , Norfolk , England ) was a former international motorcycle speedway rider reached the final of Speedway World Championship in 1955 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7fe8c531022fd5de2ae309309c7d3bb8", "text": "Balthus Balthasar Klossowski de Rola ( February 29 , 1908 -- February 18 , 2001 ) , known as Balthus , was a Polish-French modern artist . He is known for his erotically-charged images of pubescent girls , but also for the refined , dreamlike quality of his imagery .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5e3c02f8c108fb4eac3125048e383a7", "text": "R. Balki R. Balakrishnan , popularly known as R. Balki ( born in Kumbakonam , Tamil Nadu ) , is an Indian filmmaker , screenwriter and former Group Chairman of the advertising agency Lowe Lintas ( India ) . He is best known for directing Cheeni Kum ( 2007 ) and Paa ( 2009 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae6a96ca347dc00e02d3b4f8029b6008", "text": "Agnes Baltsa Agni Baltsa ( Aγνή Mπάλτσα also known as Agnes Baltsa ; born 19 November 1944 ) is a leading Greek mezzo-soprano singer . Baltsa was born in Lefkada . She began playing piano at the age of six , before moving to Athens in 1958 to concentrate on singing . She graduated from the Greek National Conservatoire in 1965 and then travelled to Munich to continue studying on a Maria Callas scholarship . Baltsa made her first appearance in an opera in 1968 as Cherubino in The Marriage of Figaro at Frankfurt Opera , before going on to appear as Octavian in Der Rosenkavalier at the Vienna State Opera in 1970 . Under the guidance of Herbert von Karajan , she soon became a regular at the prestigious Salzburg Festival . She became Kammersängerin of the Vienna State Opera in 1980 . Her most well known performance is that of Carmen by Georges Bizet , which she has sung a number of times with noted tenors such as José Carreras , Neil Shicoff , and others . She has also sung works by Mozart ( notably Così fan tutte ) , Rossini ( Il Barbiere di Siviglia , La Cenerentola , Semiramide , L'italiana in Algeri ) , Mascagni ( Cavalleria Rusticana ) , Saint-Saëns ( Samson et Dalila ) , Verdi ( Aida , La forza del destino , Il trovatore , Don Carlos ) , Bellini ( I Capuleti e i Montecchi ) , and Donizetti ( Il Campanello , Maria Stuarda ) . She also starred in the Austrian film Duett in 1992 , playing an opera singer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4c6ab04372ded7b6b2eae21071c060ca", "text": "Alexander Bonde Alexander Bonde ( born 12 January 1975 in Freiburg im Breisgau ) is a German politician for Alliance ' 90/The Greens .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d258489fbaf472858203704455e2012", "text": "Christian Schwarzenegger Christian Schwarzenegger ( born 11 November 1959 in Zürich ) is a Swiss academic lawyer and professor of criminal law , criminal procedure and criminology at the University of Zurich . He is the son of an Austrian musician and later engineer , who immigrated in the 1950s from Styria to Switzerland . The father of Christian Schwarzenegger is a cousin of Arnold Schwarzenegger , the actor and former governor of California . Christian Schwarzenegger grew up in Zürich . He has been married since 1986 and has a son .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "278ece139dbdb4ab85d886617f299f0d", "text": "Bac films BAC Films is a French Film production and distribution company based in Paris and founded by Jean Labadie , Éric Heumann and Stéphane Sorlat in 1986 . In 1988 , Vivendi took first a 10 % , then a 20 % stake in the capital of the company and allowed Bac Films to make major and ambitious acquisitions . The success story started in 1990 with Sailor et Lula , Palme d'or at the Cannes Film Festival . The releases of Barton Fink and Tous les matins du monde in 1991 , Indochine and Le Zèbre in 1992 , La Leçon de piano in 1993 placed BAC Film at the top of independent film distribution in France . In 1994 , Bac Films started diversifying its activity with the creation of Les Écrans de Paris , in association with Simon Simsi . In 1997 , the movie theater business is created under the name of Majestic and the group undergoes a reorganization around the Alicar holding : Bac Films ( distribution ) , Majestic ( movie theaters ) and Séance Privée ( special events ) . In 1998 , BAC Films sets up Mars Films allowing BAC Films to distribute its numerous acquisitions . In 2000 , the group is introduced on the stock market under the name BAC Majestic . Two years later BAC Majestic goes through a major financial crisis and is forced to give up its movie theater business . In 2003 , Millimages takes a majority stake in the company . Jean Labadie , founder of the company is ousted in 2007 and Roch Lener becomes the Chief Executive Officer . In October 2013 , the company is sold again and David Grumbach becomes the new Chairman . The catalogue consists of a vast range of French and foreign titles . Since its creation , BAC Films distributed more than of which 8 received the Palme d'or at the Cannes Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c40d352529739e2683f831dc0e83a420", "text": "Charles Bateman (actor) Charles Wilbur Bateman ( born November 18 , 1930 , San Diego , California ) is an American actor most notably recognized for roles on television from 1958 to 1991 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ca03b2b30856be542e6f79e4326c5bc", "text": "Humbert Balsan Humbert Jean René Balsan ( 21 August 1954 -- 10 February 2005 ) was a French film producer and chairman of the European Film Academy . He was known for securing financing and distribution for diverse and often challenging films . In February 2005 , Balsan was found dead in the offices of his production company , Ognon Pictures , in Paris . He was known to have suffered from depression , and killed himself by hanging .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "048998534d17fc08472e6a2f36c6b9c2", "text": "Film and Music Entertainment Film and Music Entertainment is a British film production company based in London UK . The company was founded by Mike Downey and Sam Taylor in 2000 and has since produced films such as Guy X and Deathwatch to name a few .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fec1269bdac99f2a0116393c3bfe2c80", "text": "Christian Skeel Christian Skeel ( born June 8 , 1956 ) is a Danish artist and composer . He lives and works in Copenhagen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e0a36b494a2ece887f4fe30f36ec49dd", "text": "Oscar Carré Trophy The Oscar Carré Trophy ( -LSB- Oscar Carré Trofee , links = no -RSB- ) is a circus award in Netherlands and is named after the Royal Netherland Cirque circus operator Oscar Carré . Most of the time it is based upon the complete oeuvre of the circus .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "d76b5a31da86814329aa5aac90decd77", "text": "Ben Kingsley Sir Ben Kingsley ( born Krishna Pandit Bhanji ; 31 December 1943 ) is an English actor with a career spanning over 40 years . He has won an Oscar , Grammy , BAFTA , two Golden Globes , and a Screen Actors Guild Award . He is known for his starring role as Mohandas Gandhi in the 1982 film Gandhi , for which he won the Academy Award for Best Actor . He is also known for his performances in the films Schindler 's List ( 1993 ) , Twelfth Night ( 1996 ) , Sexy Beast ( 2000 ) , Lucky Number Slevin ( 2006 ) , Shutter Island ( 2010 ) , Prince of Persia : The Sands of Time ( 2010 ) , Hugo ( 2011 ) , and Iron Man 3 ( 2013 ) . Kingsley was made a Knight Bachelor at Buckingham Palace in 2002 for services to the British film industry . In 2010 , he was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . In 2013 , he received the BAFTA Los Angeles Britannia Award for Worldwide Contribution to Filmed Entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2102e8061b1d16df9fe2e061d18020c2", "text": "Screen Actors Guild Award The Screen Actors Guild Award ( also known as the SAG Award ) is an accolade given by the Screen Actors Guild‐American Federation of Television and Radio Artists ( SAG-AFTRA ) to recognize outstanding performances in film and primetime television . The statuette given , a nude male figure holding both a mask of comedy and a mask of tragedy , is called `` The Actor '' . It is 16 in tall , weighs over 12 lb , is cast in solid bronze , and produced by the American Fine Arts Foundry in Burbank , California . SAG Awards have been one of the major awards events in Hollywood since 1995 . Nominations for the awards come from two committees , one for film and one for television , each numbering 2100 members of the union , randomly selected anew each year , with the full membership ( 165,000 as of 2012 ) available to vote for the winners . It is considered an indicator of success at the Academy Awards . The awards have been telecast since 1998 on TNT , and since 2007 have been simulcast on TBS . The inaugural SAG Awards aired live on February 25 , 1995 from Universal Studios ' Stage 12 . The second SAG awards aired live from the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium , while subsequent awards have been held at the Shrine Exposition Center .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "387d2619385c02a23def1fbaaee153a8", "text": "Charles Hart (actor) Charles Hart ( c. 1625 -- 18 August 1683 ) was a prominent British Restoration actor . A Charles Hart was christened on 11 December 1625 , in the parish of St. Giles Cripplegate , in London . It is not absolutely certain that this was the actor , though the name was not common at the time . . Hart began his career as a boy player with the King 's Men ; he was an apprentice of Richard Robinson , longtime member of that company . Hart established his reputation by playing the role of the Duchess in The Cardinal , the tragedy by James Shirley , in 1641 . He served as a soldier in the English Civil War , and was an officer in Prince Rupert 's regiment of cavalry , along with fellow actors Nicholas Burt and Robert Shatterell . Hart and the others most likely saw combat at the battles of Marston Moor and Nasby , and perhaps at Edgehill as well . Hart then returned to acting ; evidence suggests he was with other displaced English actors in Europe in 1646 . In 1648 , Hart , Walter Clun and eight other actors , were involved in an attempt to restart the King 's Men company during the Puritan Commonwealth , which , perhaps unsurprisingly , did not succeed . On 5 February 1648 , at the Cockpit Theatre , Hart and other King 's Men were arrested for violating the ban against theatrical performance ; they were caught in the midst of a performance of Rollo Duke of Normandy ( in which Hart played the character Otto ) . Hart and the others were imprisoned for a short time , then released . Just before the Restoration of the monarchy in 1660 , acting resumed on a larger scale , and Hart seems to have been then a member of a company performing at the Cockpit playhouse , led by Michael Mohun . As soon as the King 's Company was formed in 1660 , Hart became one of its leading men ; he specialized in playing the male half of witty , bantering couples . This type of dialogue in Restoration comedy was largely influenced by the talents and personalities of Hart and Nell Gwyn , in plays like James Howard 's The Mad Couple ; Gwyn was his mistress before she became Charles II 's . Hart 's natural dignity in playing royal roles was also often commented on by contemporaries , and in the heroic play he `` was celebrated for superman roles , notably the arrogant , bloodthirsty Almanzor in John Dryden 's Conquest of Granada . '' When Hart played in Euterpe Restored in 1672 , Richard Flecknoe composed the following lines : Beauty to the eye , and music to the ear , Such even the nicest critics must allow Burbage was once and such Charles Hart is now . Throughout his Restoration career , Hart filled a range of noteworthy parts . He was Cassio in early stagings of Shakespear 's Othello ; after 1669 he played the title role . He played roles in revivals of plays by Shakespeare , Ben Jonson , and John Fletcher -- Hotspur in Henry IV , Part 1 Brutus in Julius Caesar Mosca in Volpone Demetrius in The Humorous Lieutenant Michael Perez in Rule a Wife and Have a Wife Arbaces in A King and No King Amintor in The Maid 's Tragedy Rollo in Rollo Duke of Normandy Welford in The Scornful Lady Don John in The Chances -- and in contemporary dramas , by John Dryden -- Marc Antony in All for Love Porphyrius in Tyrannick Love Aurange Zebe in Aurang-zebe Celadon in The Maiden Queen Wildblood in An Evening 's Love Cortez in The Indian Emperour Aurelian in The Assignation -- and by other dramatists -- Horner in Wycherly 's The Country Wife Manly in Wycherly 's The Plain Dealer Phraartes in Crowne 's The Destruction of Jerusalem Massinissa in Lee 's Sophonisba , or Hannibal 's Overthrow Alexander the Great in Lee 's The Rival Queens Ziphares in Lee 's Mythridates , King of Pontus Lord Delaware in Boyle 's The Black Prince . In 1682 , when the King 's Company joined with the Duke 's Company to form the United Company , Hart retired due to poor health , with a pension of 40 shillings per week . The well-known story that Hart was the illegitimate grandson of Shakespeare 's sister Joan is largely discredited .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8938a970761eccd515ea678bfeeb5283", "text": "Laurence Olivier Award for Best Performance in a Supporting Role in a Musical The Laurence Olivier Award for Best Performance in a Supporting Role in a Musical is an annual award presented by The Society of London Theatre in recognition of achievements in commercial British theatre . The awards were established as the Society of West End Theatre Awards in 1976 , and , renamed in 1984 in honour of English actor Lord Olivier . The Olivier Awards are the most prestigious theatrical awards in the United Kingdom and are the UK equivalent of the Tony Awards . Until 2015 , the Olivier Awards did not honour supporting musical performances separately and was therefore a unisex category , honouring both male and female actors . Starting with the 2015 ceremony , the awards have been separated into Best Actor in a Supporting Role in a Musical and Best Actress in a Supporting Role in a Musical", "title": "" }, { "docid": "291527c3a5f1c9dbd467d67c957d0602", "text": "Theatre of Australia Theatre of Australia refers to the history of the performing arts in Australia , or produced by Australians . There are theatrical and dramatic aspects to a number of Indigenous Australian ceremonies such as the corroboree . During its colonial period , Australian theatrical arts were generally linked to the broader traditions of English literature and to British and Irish theatre . Australian literature and theatrical artists ( including Aboriginal as well as Anglo-Celtic and multicultural migrant Australians ) have over the last two centuries introduced the culture of Australia and the character of a new continent to the world stage . Individuals who have contributed to theatre in Australia and internationally include Sir Robert Helpmann , Dame Joan Sutherland , Barry Humphries , David Williamson , Cate Blanchett , Geoffrey Rush , Judy Davis , Jim Sharman , Tim Minchin and Baz Luhrmann . Notable theatrical institutions include the Sydney Opera House , and the National Institute of Dramatic Art in Sydney .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c09cdacc9d1f94e64df7062bcf7367e5", "text": "Ben Stephenson Ben Stephenson is an English-born television executive . He was appointed in March 2015 as the Head of Television at J. J. Abrams ' Bad Robot production company in the United States . Formerly he was controller of drama at the BBC from September 2008 , and was succeeded by Polly Hill in May 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bd7237ecbc101de3847070c25712ec6e", "text": "Ben Davis (cinematographer) Benjamin V. `` Ben '' Davis , BSC ( born 1961 ) is an English cinematographer best known for his work with producer-director Matthew Vaughn . His major works include Kick-Ass ( 2010 ) , Hannibal Rising ( 2007 ) and the Marvel films Guardians of the Galaxy ( 2014 ) , Avengers : Age of Ultron ( 2015 ) and Doctor Strange ( 2016 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03692b5ddbd2a456457441162ee4215d", "text": "George Harris (actor) George William Harris ( born 20 October 1949 ) is a British actor of film , stage , television , radio and musical theatre . His notable roles include Kingsley Shacklebolt in the Harry Potter film series , Captain Simon Katanga in Raiders of the Lost Ark and Clive King in popular medical drama Casualty , where he was one of the original cast members . He also played real-life Somali warlord Osman Ali Atto in the 2001 film Black Hawk Down .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5a9c434a7164f2c14cd2f7663f0388b", "text": "Ben Foster (disambiguation) Ben Foster ( born 1980 ) is an American actor . Ben Foster may also refer to : Ben Foster ( footballer ) ( born 1983 ) , English goalkeeper Ben Foster ( orchestrator ) , British composer , orchestrator and conductor Ben Foster ( director ) ( born 1984 ) , American director , editor , producer and composer Ben Weasel ( born Ben Foster , 1968 ) , American author and member of punk rock band Screeching Weasel", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e205afec5af3b7cf053703b5529d58f7", "text": "Mr Benn Mr Benn is a character created by David McKee who appears in several children 's books , and an animated television series of the same name originally transmitted by the BBC in 1971 and 1972 . Whether in a book , or on television , Mr Benn 's adventures take on a similar pattern . Mr Benn , a man wearing a black suit and bowler hat , leaves his house at 52 Festive Road and visits a fancy-dress costume shop where he is invited by the moustachioed , fez-wearing shopkeeper to try on a particular outfit . He leaves the shop through a magic door at the back of the changing room and enters a world appropriate to his costume , where he has an adventure ( which usually contains a moral ) before the shopkeeper reappears to lead him back to the changing room , and the story comes to an end . Mr Benn returns to his normal life , but is left with a small souvenir of his magical adventure . Additionally , scenes before and after his adventure usually have some connection to it , such as the games the children are playing in the street as he passes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "60383b313c5baaf2c67109df4ba3aa9e", "text": "Without a Clue Without a Clue is a 1988 British comedy film directed by Thom Eberhardt and starring Michael Caine and Ben Kingsley .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b4769e0ebbbe1d2414a1eefab2867cf", "text": "John Benfield John Benfield ( b. 1951 ; Manchester ) is a British actor , who has appeared in 75 TV episodes or films starting in 1981 . He lives in Oxford with his wife , Lillian , and son , Fred .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f679d1817660a7b647f22204d5e28869", "text": "Ben Howard Benjamin John `` Ben '' Howard ( born 24 April 1987 ) is an English singer-songwriter . He self-released his debut EP Games in the Dark ( 2008 ) followed by two more EPs , These Waters ( 2009 ) and Old Pine ( 2010 ) . He is currently signed to Island and Communion . His major debut studio album came in 2011 titled Every Kingdom followed by two more EP releases , Ben Howard Live ( 2011 ) and The Burgh Island E.P. ( 2012 ) . At the 2013 Brit Awards he received the Brit Award for British Male Solo Artist . He performed at 2013 Glastonbury festival on the Pyramid Stage on Saturday 29 June . He released his second studio album , I Forget Where We Were , in October 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cbfc5f89f88f95c008be24cae061bc46", "text": "Gandhi (film) Gandhi is a 1982 British-Indian epic biographical drama film which dramatises the life of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi , the leader of India 's non-violent , non-cooperative independence movement against the United Kingdom 's rule of the country during the 20th century . Gandhi was written by John Briley and produced and directed by Richard Attenborough . It stars Ben Kingsley in the title role . The film covers Gandhi 's life from a defining moment in 1893 , as he is thrown off a South African train for being in a whites-only compartment , and concludes with his assassination and funeral in 1948 . Although a practising Hindu , Gandhi 's embracing of other faiths , particularly Christianity and Islam , is also depicted . Gandhi was released in India on 30 November 1982 , in the United Kingdom on 3 December , and in the United States on 10 December . It was nominated for Academy Awards in eleven categories , winning eight , including Best Picture and Best Director for Attenborough , Best Actor for Ben Kingsley , and Best Original Screenplay for Briley . The film was screened retrospective on 12 August 2016 as the Opening Film at the Independence Day Film Festival jointly presented by the Indian Directorate of Film Festivals and Ministry of Defense , commemorating 70th Indian Independence Day . The screenplay of Gandhi is available as a published book .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d1c55aabb7a6a1e50c63923c978f090", "text": "Death and the Maiden (film) Death and the Maiden is a 1994 mystery drama film directed by Roman Polanski and starring Sigourney Weaver , Ben Kingsley and Stuart Wilson . It was based on the play by the same name by Ariel Dorfman , who also co-wrote the screenplay with Rafael Yglesias .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b60c17dcd37553dda4ac0ab104ac1ea9", "text": "Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role The Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role is an annual award presented by The Society of London Theatre in recognition of achievements in commercial British theatre . The awards were established as the Society of West End Theatre Awards in 1976 , and , renamed in 1984 in honour of English actor Lord Olivier . The award was first given in 1977 but in the years following was often given as a singular award for Best Performance in a Supporting Role .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "397d73046fb1223b8039fd08af7616af", "text": "Ben Travers Ben Travers CBE AFC ( 12 November 1886 -- 18 December 1980 ) was an English writer . His output includes more than twenty plays , thirty screenplays , five novels , and three volumes of memoirs . He is best remembered for his long-running series of farces first staged in the 1920s and 1930s at the Aldwych Theatre . Many of these were made into films and later television productions . After working for some years in his family 's wholesale grocery business , which he detested , Travers was given a job by the publisher John Lane in 1911 . After service as a pilot in the First World War , he began to write novels and plays . He turned his 1921 novel , The Dippers , into a play that was first produced in the West End in 1922 . His big break came in 1925 , when the actor-manager Tom Walls bought the performing rights to his play A Cuckoo in the Nest , which ran for more than a year at the Aldwych . He followed this success with eight more farces for Walls and his team ; the last in the series closed in 1933 . Most of the farces were adapted for film in the 1930s and 1940s , with Travers writing the screenplays for eight of them . After the Aldwych series came to a close , in 1935 Travers wrote a serious play with a religious theme . It was unsuccessful , and he returned to comedy . Of his later farces only one , Banana Ridge ( 1938 ) , rivalled the runs of his 1920s hits ; it was filmed in 1942 . During the Second World War Travers served in the Royal Air Force , working in intelligence , and later served at the Ministry of Information , while producing two well-received plays . After the war Travers 's output declined ; he had a long fallow period after the death of his wife in 1951 , although he collaborated on a few revivals and adaptations of his earlier work . He returned to playwriting in 1968 . He was inspired to write a new comedy in the early 1970s after the abolition of theatre censorship in Britain permitted him to write without evasion about sexual activities , one of his favourite topics . The resulting play , The Bed Before Yesterday ( 1975 ) , presented when he was 89 , was the longest-running of all his stage works , easily outplaying any of his Aldwych farces .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e91a8d71895ca002c58a7443348843bc", "text": "Dead End (1937 film) Dead End is a 1937 crime drama film directed by William Wyler . It is an adaptation of the Sidney Kingsley 1935 Broadway play of the same name . It stars Humphrey Bogart , Joel McCrea , and Sylvia Sidney . It is notable as being the first film appearance of the Dead End Kids .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "281ad9273c5fdedf6b01919646686394", "text": "Hugo (film) Hugo is a 2011 historical adventure drama film directed and co-produced by Martin Scorsese and adapted for the screen by John Logan . Based on Brian Selznick 's book The Invention of Hugo Cabret , it is about a boy who lives alone in the Gare Montparnasse railway station in Paris in the 1930s . A co-production between Graham King 's GK Films and Johnny Depp 's Infinitum Nihil , the film stars Ben Kingsley , Sacha Baron Cohen , Asa Butterfield , Chloë Grace Moretz , Ray Winstone , Emily Mortimer , Jude Law , Helen McCrory , and Christopher Lee . Hugo is Scorsese 's first film shot in 3D , of which the filmmaker remarked : `` I found 3D to be really interesting , because the actors were more upfront emotionally . Their slightest move , their slightest intention is picked up much more precisely . '' The film was released in the United States on November 23 , 2011 . When it was released , Hugo received critical acclaim and received 11 Academy Award nominations ( including Best Picture ) , more than any other film that year , and won five awards : Best Cinematography , Best Art Direction , Best Sound Mixing , Best Sound Editing and Best Visual Effects . It was also nominated for eight BAFTAs , winning two , and was nominated for three Golden Globe awards , earning Scorsese his third Golden Globe Award for Best Director . The film grossed $ 185 million against a budget of $ 150 -- $ 170 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a31e50c24add96ad14fa31cbac90367", "text": "Kingsley Association (Pittsburgh, PA) The Kingsley Association , organized in 1893 , began as a single settlement house located in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , named the Kingsley House . It has since relocated its settlement house to East Liberty ( Pittsburgh ) where it continues to operate today . It has also expanded to operate the Lillian Taylor Camp , an open air farm in Valencia , Pennsylvania and the Morgan Memorial House in the Hill District of Pittsburgh . The Kingsley Association seeks to create new and innovative , neighborhood-based programs in accordance with the changing needs of residents , with particular attention to young people .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2b5d04a1511f9fe14153998673295fb5", "text": "Ben 10 Ben 10 is an American animated TV series and media franchise created by Man of Action Studios and produced by Cartoon Network Studios . The franchise revolves around a boy named Ben Tennyson who acquires a watch-like alien device ( the Omnitrix ) which allows the wearer to transform into ten different alien creatures . The Ben 10 franchise has received wide critical acclaim , winning three Emmy Awards . Worldwide it has grossed over $ 4.5 billion in retail sales . The franchise has four movies , all of which aired on Cartoon Network between August 2007 and March 2012 . With a 12-year old franchise , it is the longest Cartoon Network original series to date .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4676ab0a9e8d886fd2000dcc58aeb1ad", "text": "Ben Chaplin Ben Chaplin ( born Benedict John Greenwood ; 31 July 1969 ) is an English actor .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "831ca77fd0720eb3e66b92f9651a69b6", "text": "Emma Thompson Emma Thompson ( born 15 April 1959 ) is a British actress , activist , author , comedienne and screenwriter . Born in London to English actor Eric Thompson and Scottish actress Phyllida Law , Thompson was educated at Newnham College , University of Cambridge , where she became a member of the Footlights troupe . After appearing in several comedy programmes , she first came to prominence in 1987 in two BBC TV series , Tutti Frutti and Fortunes of War , winning the BAFTA TV Award for Best Actress for her work in both series . Her first film role was in the 1989 romantic comedy The Tall Guy , and in the early 1990s she frequently collaborated with her then husband , actor and director Kenneth Branagh . The pair became popular in the British media and co-starred in several films , including Dead Again ( 1991 ) and Much Ado About Nothing ( 1993 ) . In 1992 , Thompson won an Academy Award and a BAFTA Award for Best Actress for the period drama Howards End . In 1993 , she garnered dual Academy Award nominations for her roles in The Remains of the Day as the housekeeper of a grand household and In the Name of the Father as a lawyer . Thompson scripted and starred in Sense and Sensibility ( 1995 ) , which earned her ( among other awards ) an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay , and a BAFTA Award for Best Actress . Other notable film and television credits include : the Harry Potter film series , Wit ( 2001 ) , Love Actually ( 2003 ) , Angels in America ( 2003 ) , Nanny McPhee ( 2005 ) , Stranger than Fiction ( 2006 ) , Last Chance Harvey ( 2008 ) , Men in Black 3 ( 2012 ) , Brave ( 2012 ) and Beauty and the Beast ( 2017 ) . In 2013 , she received acclaim and several award nominations for her portrayal of P. L. Travers in Saving Mr. Banks . Thompson is married to actor Greg Wise , with whom she lives in London . They have one daughter and an adopted son . She is an activist in the areas of human rights and environmentalism and has received criticism for her outspokenness . She has written two books adapted from The Tale of Peter Rabbit .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "f90f1f367d79fad23b9a526afcd83a22", "text": "Pan (2015 film) Pan is a 2015 British - American family adventure fantasy film directed by Joe Wright and written by Jason Fuchs . The film is a prequel story to Scottish author J. M. Barrie 's Peter Pan story , first staged in 1904 . It stars Hugh Jackman , Garrett Hedlund , Rooney Mara and Amanda Seyfried , with Levi Miller as the title character . It serves as an alternative origin story for Peter Pan and Captain Hook . The film had its world premiere in London , England on September 20 , 2015 , and was theatrically released in the United States on October 9 , 2015 , by Warner Bros. . Pictures . Pan grossed $ 128.4 million on a $ 150 million budget , making it a box office bomb . The film received negative reviews from critics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d87ae54b0775db9c7ff4d53e956ff91", "text": "The Murder of Princess Diana The Murder of Princess Diana is a 2007 Lifetime Television movie , directed by John Strickland and starring Jennifer Morrison . The film was based on a novel by Noel Botham . Reg Gadney and Emma Reeves wrote the teleplay .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ecf4ed1f812ac69635f0b268c6ccba27", "text": "Demons Never Die Demons Never Die ( originally titled Suicide Kids ) is a British 2011 slasher film starring Robert Sheehan , Jennie Jacques , Jacob Anderson , Jason Maza , Emma Rigby . Ashley Walters , Reggie Yates and Tulisa Contostavlos .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "50a460dd4b191c74503b0eae967cc6a7", "text": "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (film) Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix is a 2007 British-American fantasy film directed by David Yates and distributed by Warner Bros. . Pictures . It is based on the novel of the same name by J. K. Rowling . The film , which is the fifth instalment in the Harry Potter film series , was written by Michael Goldenberg ( making this the only film in the series not to be scripted by Steve Kloves ) and produced by David Heyman and David Barron . The story follows Harry Potter 's fifth year at Hogwarts as the Ministry of Magic is in denial of Lord Voldemort 's return . The film stars Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter , alongside Rupert Grint and Emma Watson as Harry 's best friends Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger . It is the sequel to Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire and is followed by Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince . Live-action filming took place in England and Scotland for exterior locations and Leavesden Film Studios in Watford for interior locations from February to November 2006 , with a one-month break in June . Post-production on the film continued for several months afterwards to add in visual effects . The film 's budget was reportedly between # 75 and 100 million ( $ 150 -- 200 million ) . Warner Bros. released the film in the United Kingdom on 12 July 2007 and in North America on 11 July , both in conventional and IMAX theatres ; it is the first Potter film to be released in IMAX 3D . As of April 2017 , Order of the Phoenix is the 39th-highest-grossing film of all time , and a critical and commercial success . The film opened to a worldwide 5-day opening of $ 333 million , fourteenth all-time , and grossed nearly $ 940 million total , second to Pirates of the Caribbean : At World 's End for the greatest total of 2007 . The film was nominated for two BAFTA Film Awards in 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47e6ed694b2cca5268a0ebaa7ad82520", "text": "Emma Lahana Emma Kate Lahana ( born 27 June 1984 ) is a New Zealand actress and singer . She is best known for her role as Jennifer Mason on Haven , and as Kira Ford , one of the Yellow Rangers of the Power Rangers franchise , in Power Rangers Dino Thunder .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9924f378e29c2ba9ce82e2972ecdcaa2", "text": "List of actors nominated for two Academy Awards in the same year The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences has had occurrences of actors and actresses nominated for two different Academy Awards in acting categories in a single year , with the first instance in 1938 . Provided that they receive enough votes from the Academy in both categories to earn a nomination , there are no restrictions on actors being nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor and Best Supporting Actor or actresses being nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress in any given year . The sole rule with regard to multiple nominations is that an actor or actress can not receive multiple nominations for the same performance . This rule was introduced in 1944 after Barry Fitzgerald received a Best Actor nomination and a Best Supporting Actor nomination for his performance in Going My Way . As of 2015 , 11 actors and actresses have been nominated for two different Academy Awards in the same year . The first of these actors and actresses was Fay Bainter , who received nominations for her performances in White Banners and Jezebel at the 11th Academy Awards . The most recent occurrence was during the 80th Academy Awards , in which Cate Blanchett received nominations for Elizabeth : The Golden Age and I 'm Not There . Seven of these actors and actresses received an Academy Award in one of the categories they were nominated in , and none have won two Academy Awards in the same year . Four did not receive an Academy Award in either category : Sigourney Weaver ( nominations for Gorillas in the Mist and Working Girl ) , Emma Thompson ( nominations for The Remains of the Day and In the Name of the Father ) , Julianne Moore ( nominations for Far from Heaven and The Hours ) , and Cate Blanchett ( nominations for Elizabeth : The Golden Age and I 'm Not There ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6fbf36d1192f2405c5a95db8f56ad8b7", "text": "Adult Life Skills Adult Life Skills ( formerly known as ` How To Live Yours ' ) is a 2016 British comedy film , funded by Creative England , and is the feature debut for writer director Rachel Tunnard . It is the feature-length version of BAFTA nominated short , Emotional Fusebox , which premiered at the London Film Festival in 2014 . The story of a 29-year-old , Anna ( portrayed by Jodie Whittaker ) has moved into her mum 's shed and is refusing to move out after the death of her twin brother . The film premiered at the 2016 Tribeca Film Festival in April 2016 , winning one of the top awards - the Nora Ephron prize for best female director . The film releases in UK cinemas on 24 June 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b1996531079243b2232cb68563406d5", "text": "Shelley Thompson Shelley Thompson is a Canadian actress best known for her character Barbara Lahey on the hit Canadian mockumentary program Trailer Park Boys . Born in Calgary , Alberta , Shelley trained at RADA in London , and worked for many years in the UK . She played roles in London 's West End and at the Royal National Theatre , as well as leading roles in regional theatres . She was a regular in BBC radio drama during her time in Britain , and recorded dozens of audio books -- titles including work by Margaret Atwood and Jane Smiley . She played Rita in the family series , Mike and Angelo for six years , and made guest appearances on Drop The Dead Donkey , EastEnders and Chelworth . She also played the role of Sarah 's stepmother Irene in Jim Henson 's 1986 fantasy epic Labyrinth . She 's appeared in eleven seasons of Trailer Park Boys , both specials , and the Feature Film . Since returning to Canada , her work has included season at the Atlantic Theatre Festival ( Ariel in the Tempest and Viola in Twelfth Night ) , work at the Neptune Theatre , The Prairie Theatre Exchange , The Globe Theatre , Regina , and Festival Antigonish . Since 2012 , she 's been shifting focus to stage and screenwriting and directing . Her plays include plays A Kind of Faith ( produced 2004 ) Leaving Wonderland ( Premiered Halifax , 2015 ) , children 's plays Bluenose Billy ( 2006 , co-written with Sheldon Currie and Griffen Prize-winning poet Anne Simpson ) , Belinda the Bicycle Witch ( 2008 ) , Lost and Found ( 2009 ) , ... And How Are We Today ( co-written with poet Anne Simpson ) . Recently seen on stage in : A Good Death , Be My Baby , Criminal Genius . Her poetry has been a finalist in the Atlantic Writing Competition , and has appeared in literary journals Toward the Light and Papirmasse , and on the CBC website . Short stories have been included in anthologies and broadcast in collaboration with The Blue Engine String Quartet on CBC Radio - Christmas 2010 and 2011 . Presently shifting to writing/directing for film , she has just finished her first narrative short , DAWG ( Festivals include the Atlantic Film Festival , The San Diego International Kids Film Festival , Nickle Film festival NFL and more ... ) Presently : working on features ( Dawn Her Dad and the Tractor , Billy , Dash and Dawg , and The Benefit . In 2015 she was a resident at the Canadian Film Centre , Toronto , as a screenwriter , and in 2016 was invited to be one of eight Women In the Directors Chair ( 2017 ) . Thompson is a counsellor with ACTRA Maritimes , chair of the Women 's Committee , and a keen advocate for LGBTQ issues . Awards include : ACTRA Maritimes winner for ( short ) Two Penny Road-Kill 2013 , Best Supporting Actress , LA 's Love Unlimited Festival , 2011 for ( short ) WAKE , and Gemini , 2008 , Best Ensemble , as Barb Lahey , for Trailer Park Boys . Merritt Award - Best Actress in a Leading Role - for Glorious . Several Stage nominations for : Humble Boy -- Flora , Criminal Genius -- Shirley , Tamara ( Dora ) -- Aelis .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "60513439fc569fd9fa7a657afcec4402", "text": "Emma Harrison Emma Harrison is an actress , model and dancer , best known for the role of Joanna Hartman in the Australian soap-opera Neighbours .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e2608087c4daf68ddf10a39b3608990a", "text": "Despite the Falling Snow (film) Despite the Falling Snow is a 2016 British Cold War espionage film directed by Shamim Sarif , adapted from her novel of the same name . Starring Rebecca Ferguson , Charles Dance , Oliver Jackson-Cohen , Antje Traue , Sam Reid , Anthony Head and Thure Lindhardt the film was released in the United Kingdom on April 15 , 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08ec67fce471f227f46add74885f3d31", "text": "Harriet Thorpe Harriet Amelia Thorpe ( born 8 June 1957 ) is an English actress . She trained at London 's Central School of Speech and Drama . She is known for her roles in the British sitcoms , The Brittas Empire ( 1991 -- 97 ) and Absolutely Fabulous ( 1992 -- 2012 ) . She has also starred in the West End musicals , Cabaret ( 2006 ) , Wicked ( 2008 ) and Mamma Mia ! ( 2010 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e26120f93ee61329cd62fece4acc4ead", "text": "Emma Greenwell Emma Greenwell ( born January 14 , 1989 ) is an American actress who was born in the United States but was raised in London from a very young age .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a59963810f16b0d6b256355a78e1d2c", "text": "Emma Nyra Emma Chukwugoziam Obi ( born July 18 , 1988 ) , professionally known by her stage name Emma Nyra , is an American-born Nigerian singer-songerwriter , actress and model .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "576767220a7a7999fa05b01cd54cab43", "text": "Aloha (film) Aloha is a 2015 American romantic comedy-drama film written , produced and directed by Cameron Crowe . The film , starring Bradley Cooper , Emma Stone , Rachel McAdams , Bill Murray , John Krasinski , Danny McBride , and Alec Baldwin , was released on May 29 , 2015 . The film received negative reviews from critics , and has grossed only $ 26 million against a budget of $ 37 million , making the film a box office bomb .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0ed90829e3184cc196755ba12f1f4042", "text": "Oliver Twist (1912 film) Oliver Twist is a 1912 British silent drama film directed by Thomas Bentley and starring Ivy Millais , Alma Taylor and Harry Royston . It is an adaptation of the 1838 novel Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens . It was the directorial debut of Bentley who went on to become a leading British director . It was the first in a series of Dickens adaptations by Bentley .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0cbab51c486d544e54a4248c4053885d", "text": "Imagining Argentina (film) Imagining Argentina is a 2003 drama historical film written and directed by Christopher Hampton and starring Antonio Banderas , Emma Thompson , Leticia Dolera and Rubén Blades . It is based on the award-winning homonymous novel by Lawrence Thornton . It was nominated for the Golden Lion at the 2003 Venice Film Festival . The film , centered on a couple living through the ominous last military dictatorship in Argentina ( 1976-1983 ) , depicts graphic images of suffering , such as rape and torture . The closing caption states that around 30,000 Argentines disappeared during the beginning and end of the regime .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "702b724dc176667d708bd4f860f839f2", "text": "AACTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role The AACTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role is an award presented by the Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts ( AACTA ) , a non-profit organisation whose aim is to `` identify , award , promote and celebrate Australia 's greatest achievements in film and television . '' The award is presented at the annual AACTA Awards , which hands out accolades for achievements in feature films , television , documentaries and short films . From 1971 -- 2010 , the category was presented by the Australian Film Institute ( AFI ) , the Academy 's parent organisation , at the annual Australian Film Institute Awards ( known as the AFI Awards ) . When the AFI launched the Academy in 2011 , it changed the annual ceremony to the AACTA Awards , with the current award being a continuum of the AFI Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role . It was presented as a special award , from 1971 -- 1975 , and was accompanied with a cash prize , before it became a competitive award from 1976 , onward . Judy Davis is the most nominated actress in this category , with five wins from eight nominations , most recently for her role in The Eye of the Storm ( 2011 ) . Candidates for this award must be human and female , and can not be nominated for the same role in the supporting actress category .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c9d1ac7075b326713516a24b5e944c88", "text": "Salmon Fishing in the Yemen Salmon Fishing in the Yemen is a 2011 British romantic comedy-drama film directed by Lasse Hallström and starring Ewan McGregor , Emily Blunt , Kristin Scott Thomas and Amr Waked . Based on the 2007 novel of the same name by Paul Torday , and a screenplay by Simon Beaufoy , the film is about a fisheries expert who is recruited by a consultant to help realize a sheikh 's vision of bringing the sport of fly fishing to the Yemen desert , initiating an upstream journey of faith to make the impossible possible . The film was shot on location in London , Scotland , and Morocco from August to October 2010 . The film premiered at the 2011 Toronto International Film Festival . The film received generally positive reviews upon its release , and earned $ 34,564,651 in revenue worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f88aa04588c4effebb898dde2e6370b", "text": "Linehaul Linehaul is a 1973 Australian television film about truckie Dave Morgan . It was a pilot for a series that was never made and an early vehicle for Jack Thompson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f4579b90a27326e8256b2e60b0d8dff1", "text": "Emma Barton Emma Louise Barton ( born 26 July 1977 in Portsmouth , England ) is an English actress . She played Honey Mitchell in EastEnders from November 2005 to September 2008 , and on a temporary basis during 2014 . Barton returned full-time in late 2015 . Before her role in EastEnders , Barton appeared in Spooks and on stage in plays including Grease , Loveshack and Thoroughly Modern Millie .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "5cffc0c7251670bdfa95582ea303e5b5", "text": "Logic (musician) Sir Robert Bryson Hall II ( born January 22 , 1990 ) , known by his stage name Logic , is an American rapper , singer , songwriter , and record producer . Raised in Gaithersburg , Maryland , Logic expressed an interest in music as a teenager , and ventured into a musical career in early 2009 , releasing a mixtape titled Young , Broke & Infamous in 2010 . He would then sign with Visionary Music Group , before releasing two more mixtapes over two years . His fourth mixtape , Young Sinatra : Welcome to Forever ( 2013 ) , was released to critical acclaim , and allowed Logic to secure a recording contract with Def Jam Recordings . He later released his debut studio album Under Pressure in October 2014 , which debuted at number four on the U.S. Billboard 200 , eventually becoming certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) and having sold more than 171,000 copies . Logic 's second studio album The Incredible True Story was released in November 2015 , receiving mostly positive reviews from critics . Also certified gold in the US , it was later confirmed to have sold over 185,000 copies in the country . Logic soon released Bobby Tarantino in 2016 . It is his fifth mixtape and the first since Young Sinatra : Welcome to Forever . Logic released his third studio album Everybody in 2017 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "efe9a95015a1e92496e94311129cd6de", "text": "Bitch Please II `` Bitch Please II '' is a song by American rapper Eminem , featuring guest vocals from American rappers Dr. Dre , Snoop Dogg , Xzibit , and Nate Dogg , taken from Eminem 's The Marshall Mathers LP ( 2000 ) . The song was written by Eminem , Dr. Dre , Snoop Dogg , Xzibit and Nate Dogg with , production handled by Dr. Dre and Mel-Man .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06d5fee1b8b2db17f8ab3ae00075438b", "text": "Mixtape (disambiguation) A mixtape is a compilation of songs recorded in a specific order , traditionally onto an audio compact cassette . Mixtape or The Mix Tape may also refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce678f0b6d26100dd7a2270b9503577e", "text": "Thug World Order 2 Thug World Order 2 is a mixtape by Bone Thugs-n-Harmony released on December 19 , 2008 . It contains songs from T.H.U.G.S Bizzy Bone 's Ruthless Layzie Bone 's Thugz Nation Flesh-n-Bone 's 5th Dog Let Loose and Krayzie Bone 's Gemini : Good vs. Evil .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54f4c66110ae7ed72dac5944d1436228", "text": "Relapse (Eminem album) Relapse is the sixth studio album by American rapper Eminem . The album was released on May 19 , 2009 , under Aftermath Entertainment , Shady Records , and Interscope Records . It was his first album of original material since Encore ( 2004 ) , following a four-year hiatus from recording due to his writer 's block and an addiction to prescription sleeping medication . Recording sessions for the album took place during 2005 to 2009 at several recording studios , and Dr. Dre , Mark Batson , and Eminem handled production . Conceptually , Relapse concerns the ending of his drug rehabilitation , rapping after a non-fictional relapse , and the return of his Slim Shady alter-ego . One of the most anticipated album releases of 2009 , Relapse debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 chart , selling 608,000 copies in its first week . It produced three singles that attained chart success and has been certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America . The album received mixed reviews from most music critics , who were divided in their responses towards Eminem 's lyrics . It has sold more than 2.3 million copies in the United States and more than 17 million copies worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e90dd91e949f787bc46623f9365845d", "text": "MellowHype MellowHype is an American hip hop duo from Los Angeles , California , that consisted of rapper-producer Hodgy ( Gerard Long ) and producer-rapper Left Brain ( Vyron Turner ) . Both were members of hip hop collective Odd Future . They have released two studio albums which both charted on the Billboard 200 albums chart and four mixtapes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "106ae4371412686a08b197b1c094ea26", "text": "The Marshall Mathers LP The Marshall Mathers LP is the third studio album by American rapper Eminem . It was released on May 23 , 2000 , by Aftermath Entertainment , Interscope Records , and Eminem 's newly founded label , Shady Records in the United States , and on September 11 , 2000 , by Polydor Records in the United Kingdom . The album was produced mostly by Dr. Dre and Eminem , along with The 45 King , the Bass Brothers , and Mel-Man . Released a year after Eminem 's breakout album The Slim Shady LP , the record features more introspective lyricism including the rapper 's response to his sudden rise to fame and controversy surrounding his lyrics . The album sold more than 1.78 million copies in the US in its first week alone , becoming the fastest-selling studio album by any solo artist in American music history . In 2001 , the album won the Grammy Award for Best Rap Album and was nominated for Album of the Year . Eminem lost the latter to jazz-rock duo Steely Dan and their album Two Against Nature . The album was certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America in March 2011 for shipping 10 million copies in the United States . By December 2016 , the album had sold over 11 million copies in the United States and more than 32 million copies worldwide . A sequel to the album , The Marshall Mathers LP 2 , was released on November 5 , 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee0d6c082d3cfb5e5503eed39f02847d", "text": "Lil Uzi Vert discography The discography of American recording artist Lil Uzi Vert consists of three extended plays ( EPs ) , five mixtapes and 14 singles ( including seven singles as a featured artist ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec6fa53ed2e5e4fc8f238c1fd1c67cff", "text": "Friday Night Lights (mixtape) Friday Night Lights is the third official mixtape from Fayetteville , North Carolina rapper J. Cole . It was released on November 12 , 2010 . The mixtape was to originally be called Villematic and contain J. Cole 's previous leaks and freestyles , however , Cole later stated it would have original material . The mixtape became the second most searched and trending topics on Google and Twitter respectively following its release . Most songs on the mixtape were slated to be on his debut album at one point or another . The mixtape has been viewed over 4,470,000 times , streamed over 1,280,000 times , and downloaded over 1,700,000 times on mixtape site DatPiff . On June 26 , 2013 Cole announced that he would be re-releasing The Warm Up and Friday Night Lights for retail sale , in order to give them the push they deserved .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5dd3918a279010af667abc21d4027b5e", "text": "Luca Brasi 2 Luca Brasi 2 is the third commercial mixtape by American rapper Kevin Gates . It was released on December 14 , 2014 , through his own independent record label Bread Winners ' Association and Atlantic Records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc0b21e34c9e5087548659e5924ca779", "text": "Grand Hustle Records Grand Hustle Records ( formerly Grand Hustle Entertainment ) , also known as Hustle Gang Music , is an Atlanta , Georgia-based record label , founded in 2001 , by American hip hop recording artist T.I. and his business partner Jason Geter . Up until December 2012 , the label was distributed by Atlantic Records . It currently operates as an independent record label . The label is home to artists such as B.o.B , Young Dro , Trae tha Truth and Travis Scott , among others . The label also houses a roster of record producers , including DJ Toomp , Lil ' C , Mars , Nard & B , TrackSlayerz and more . The label has released 26 studio albums in total , with 13 of them being certified gold or higher , by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . Additionally , the label has released five albums that reached number one on the US Billboard 200 chart , namely King ( 2006 ) , T.I. vs. T.I.P. ( 2007 ) , Paper Trail ( 2008 ) , The Adventures of Bobby Ray ( 2010 ) and Birds in the Trap Sing McKnight ( 2016 ) . Furthermore , Grand Hustle has released multiple top 40 hit singles , including `` Bring 'Em Out '' , `` What You Know '' , `` Shoulder Lean '' , `` Whatever You Like '' , `` Live Your Life '' , `` Dead and Gone '' , `` Nothin ' on You '' , `` Airplanes '' , `` Magic '' , `` Strange Clouds '' , `` So Good '' , `` Both of Us '' , `` Antidote '' and more .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c963516cc3d91425bfa181ef0f1a547", "text": "Young Jeezy discography The discography of Young Jeezy , an American hip hop recording artist , consists of seven studio albums , two independent albums , fifteen mixtapes , thirty-seven singles ( including nineteen as a featured artist ) and forty music videos . He has also released an album as a member of Boyz N Da Hood , as well with USDA , who are artists on his label .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e8ba33ecfe077d526f4b1adc6b30979", "text": "Lil Durk discography The discography of Lil Durk , an American hip hop recording artist , consists of two studio albums , six mixtapes and six singles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0ccfdaa91934f0a33f7c59da75bf0ac5", "text": "Tha Blaqprint Tha Blaqprint is the second studio album by American hip hop recording artist Blaq Poet , released June 30 , 2009 on DJ Premier 's record label Year Round Records via Fat Beats Records . It features guest appearances by the also Year Round Records signed group NYGz and Nick Javas , Capone-N-Noreaga member N.O.R.E. , Imani Montana , Lil ' Fame from M.O.P. , and the late Screwball member KL . The album was entirely produced by DJ Premier , except for two tracks : `` U Phucc 'd Up '' , produced by Easy Mo Bee , and `` Sichuwayshunz '' , produced by Gemcrates . Several tracks have been released on various mixtapes , such as `` Blaq Out '' or `` No Talent Required '' , dating all the way back to 2006 . The album 's lead single , `` Ai n't Nuttin ' Changed '' , has been released in February 2009 . There 's also a remix version to the single , released in June 2009 . It features verses by MC Eiht from Compton 's Most Wanted and Young Maylay from Ice Cube 's Lench Mob Records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de60f4054fc6c5fbd4b647b4cd0314f0", "text": "Migos discography The American hip hop group Migos has released two studio albums , one extended play ( EP ) , twelve mixtapes and nineteen singles ( including eight as a featured artist ) . On July 31 , 2015 , Migos released their debut studio album , Yung Rich Nation . On January 27 , 2017 , Migos released their second studio album , Culture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c76d9adc20b78300d42aad436fc1a22b", "text": "DJ Mustard Dijon Isaiah McFarlane ( born June 5 , 1990 ) , professionally known as DJ Mustard , is an American record producer , songwriter and DJ from Los Angeles , California . He is a frequent collaborator of Compton-bred rapper YG , and has produced numerous singles for hip hop and R&B artists since his entrance into mainstream music in 2011 . Mustard 's production style has been described as an up-tempo , club oriented , catchy yet rudimentary melodic hip hop style . This style has snowballed into the contemporary production style of West Coast hip hop during the early 2010s , which he calls `` ratchet music '' . Almost all of his productions begin or end with the tag `` Mustard on the beat , hoe ! '' , a voice sample of YG , who says it at the end of `` I 'm Good '' , one of their early collaborations , as well as claps and repetition of the word `` hey '' . Mustard 's debut album , 10 Summers , was released on August 26 , 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ccec1b92d1c141b81edde97b10c7e5b", "text": "Radio (LL Cool J album) Radio is the debut studio album by American rapper LL Cool J , released November 18 , 1985 on Def Jam Recordings in the United States . It serves as the label 's first full-length album release . Recording sessions for the album took place during 1984 to 1985 at Chung King House of Metal in New York City . The album was primarily produced by Rick Rubin , who provided a sparse and minimal production style . Radio also features a sound that is punctuated by DJ scratching , mostly brief samples , and emphasis of the downbeat . LL Cool J 's b-boy lyricism conveys themes of inner city culture , teenage promiscuity , and braggadocio raps . The album experienced a significant amount of commercial success and sales for a hip hop record at the time , earning U.S. Billboard chart success and selling over 500,000 copies within its first five months of release . On April 19 , 1989 , Radio was certified platinum in sales by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , following sales in excess of one million copies in the United States . Initial criticism of the album was generally positive , as LL Cool J 's lyricism and Rick Rubin 's production were praised by several music critics . It has since been recognized by critics as LL Cool J 's greatest work . Reflecting the new school and ghettoblaster subculture in the U.S. during the mid-1980s , Radio belongs to a pivotal moment in the history and culture of hip hop . Its success contributed to the displacement of the old school with the new school form and to the genre 's mainstream success during the period . Its success also served as a career breakthrough for LL Cool J and Rick Rubin . Radio has been recognized by music writers as one of the first cohesive and commercially successful hip hop albums .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3c73e90312f03b80400cdc9d39beca4", "text": "The Lost Tape (mixtape) The Lost Tape is the tenth mixtape by American hip hop recording artist 50 Cent . The mixtape , hosted by DJ Drama , is 50 Cent 's first `` Gangsta Grillz '' mixtape . It was released as a free download on May 22 , 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dffc667205f669308824bb2f2405be3e", "text": "DJ Drama Tyree Cinque Simmons ( born April 22 , 1978 ) , professionally known as DJ Drama , is an American disc jockey ( DJ ) and record executive from Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . He initially gained recognition as the official DJ for Atlanta-based rapper T.I. . He is perhaps best known for hosting several mixtapes , most notably his successful Gangsta Grillz series . He is also known for doing the Dedication series with New Orleans-bred rapper Lil Wayne , with the New York Times calling Dedication 2 , one of the `` 10 best recordings of 2006 '' . DJ Drama along with DJ Sense , founded Aphilliates Music Group , in 2003 . The Aphilliates Music Group signed a joint venture deal with Asylum Records in 2006 . As of January 2011 , The Aphilliates now operates as its own entity , due to DJ Drama recently cutting ties with La the Darkman and Embassy Entertainment . In December 2007 , Drama released his first studio album , Gangsta Grillz : The Album , under Atlantic Records , as well as T.I. 's label , Grand Hustle Records . His second album was the sequel Gangsta Grillz : The Album ( Vol . 2 ) , which was released in May 2009 , under Atlantic and Grand Hustle . After leaving Grand Hustle and Atlantic to focus on Aphilliates Music Group , Drama released his third album Third Power , under E1 Music and Aphilliates . In October 2012 , Drama released his fourth album Quality Street Music , under E1 and Aphilliates . In January 2014 , it was announced that DJ Drama was the new A&R for Atlantic Records . On July 22 , 2016 , he released his fifth album Quality Street Music 2 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "720c59b06fb154ead2a25f608677be0a", "text": "Untitled 2 (EP) Untitled 2 ( stylized untitled 2 ) is the second EP by Los Angeles , California rapper Hodgy Beats . The EP was released on June 1 , 2013 . The EP features guest appearances from Left Brain and Lee Spielman .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f055bdc10419c46bed00cc3875cccbe1", "text": "Misery Loves Comedy Misery Loves Comedy is an album by Louis Logic , an American hip hop artist and J.J. Brown , an American hip hop producer . The album focusses on Logic 's experiences with women , however , the title hints at the poor outcomes of these ventures .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "72be4c566564fce3941a36409c24f0b5", "text": "Hawaii Hawaii ( -LSB- langpronaudio = en-us-Hawaii . ogghəˈwaɪ.i , _ - ji , _ - ʔi -RSB- ; Hawai -LSB- - hawhəˈvɐjʔi -RSB- ) is the 50th and most recent state to have joined the United States of America , having received statehood on August 21 , 1959 . Hawaii is the only U.S. state located in Oceania and the only one composed entirely of islands . It is the northernmost island group in Polynesia , occupying most of an archipelago in the central Pacific Ocean . Hawaii is the only U.S. state not located in the Americas . The state encompasses nearly the entire volcanic Hawaiian archipelago , which comprises hundreds of islands spread over 1500 mi . At the southeastern end of the archipelago , the eight main islands are -- in order from northwest to southeast : Niihau , Kauai , Oahu , Molokai , Lānai , Kahoolawe , Maui , and the Island of Hawaii . The last is the largest island in the group ; it is often called the `` Big Island '' or `` Hawaii Island '' to avoid confusion with the state or archipelago . The archipelago is physiographically and ethnologically part of the Polynesian subregion of Oceania . Hawaii 's diverse natural scenery , warm tropical climate , abundance of public beaches , oceanic surroundings , and active volcanoes make it a popular destination for tourists , surfers , biologists , and volcanologists . Because of its central location in the Pacific and 19th-century labor migration , Hawaii 's culture is strongly influenced by North American and Asian cultures , in addition to its indigenous Hawaiian culture . Hawaii has over a million permanent residents , along with many visitors and U.S. military personnel . Its capital is Honolulu on the island of Oahu . Hawaii is the 8th-smallest and the 11th-least populous , but the 13th-most densely populated of the fifty U.S. states . It is the only state with an Asian plurality . The state 's coastline is about 750 mi long , the fourth longest in the U.S. after the coastlines of Alaska , Florida , and California .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "562e085f366a627daa8e2991282b755e", "text": "1852 Constitution of the Kingdom of Hawaii The Constitution of 1852 served as the Constitution of the Kingdom of Hawaii from 1852 through 1864 . It was passed during the reign of King Kamehameha III . It heavily liberalized the structure of the Hawaiian government compared to the previous 1840 constitution , introducing new elements of democracy into the government and reducing the influence of the monarch in kingdom affairs . The 1852 Constitution of the Kingdom of Hawaii was divided into seven parts . The seven parts were : 1 . Declaration of Rights 2 . Form of Government 3 . Of the Executive Power a. Section I : The King , His Prerogatives b. Section II : Of the Kuhina Nui c. Section III : Of the Privy Council d. Section IV : Of the King 's Ministers e. Section V : Of the Governors 4 . Of the Legislative Power a. Of the House of Nobles b. Of the House of Representatives 5 . Of the Judiciary 6 . General Provisions 7 . More Amending of the Constitution The Declaration of Rights stated that the Hawaiians were a free people . The Form of Government stated that Hawaii was a Constitutional Monarchy . The section `` Of the Executive Power '' declared the powers of the executive power . The section `` Of the Legislative Power '' declared the powers of the legislative power . The section `` Of the Judiciary '' declared the powers of the judiciary . The General Provisions stated anything unmentioned earlier besides the amending power . The final section allowed for amending of the constitution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b518a230a5e09029ecbb327878fd288e", "text": "Kilauea, Hawaii Kilauea is a small town on the northeastern shore of Kauai , one of the eight islands that make up the state of Hawaii . According to the Hawaii State Info website , 2,248 people reside in Kilauea , which is 1.5 square miles . The town is a census-designated place ( CDP ) in Kauai County , Hawaii , United States . Kīlauea shares the name of the active volcano , Mt. Kilauea . The name literally translates to `` spewing '' or ' `` much spreading '' in Hawaiian . Kilauea was once nicknamed the `` Guava Capital of the World '' because it was home to the Guava Kai Plantation , the largest guava plantation in the world . The Guava Kai Plantation closed in late 2006/early 2007 . The town of Kilauea is located west of the Moloaa area which includes Moloaa Forest Reserve and 6.5 miles from Moloaa Bay .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "387c1d8604c88afefefa1a62d1fbcf0b", "text": "2012 Hawaii hailstorm On the morning of March 9 , 2012 , a particularly devastating and long-lived hailstorm hit the Hawaiian islands of Oahu and Lanai , during a severe supercell thunderstorm . This event produced the largest hailstone ever recorded in Hawaii since records began in 1950 . The hailstone was measured at 4.5 inches long , 2.25 inches tall , and 2 inches wide . National Weather Service meteorologist Tom Birchard stated that the event was `` unprecedented . '' In addition to spectacular early-morning lightning storms and flooding from the four feet ( 3.3 meters ) of rainfall received , a tornadic waterspout formed off the coast of Oahu during the morning of March 9 , 2012 . Non-supercullar waterspouts are not uncommon ( the State of Hawaii records an average of one waterspout/tornado per year ) , this mesocyclone-induced waterspout tracked inland for 1.5 miles , becoming an EF0 tornado that caused minor damage to the Enchanted Lakes subdivision of Kailua at 7:10 am Hawaiian-Aleutian Time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e01d2ce9161989b35760e80c02d7c2c", "text": "List of islands of the United States by area This is a list of islands of the United States , as ordered by area . It includes most islands with an area greater than 20 square miles ( approximately 52 km2 ) . Mainland areas cut by man-made canals are not considered islands .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "92b87d87fdd9b3b908fb5e43325a6e63", "text": "Ancient Hawaiian aquaculture The Hawaiian people practiced aquaculture through development of fish ponds ( Hawaiian : loko ia ) , the most advanced fish husbandry among the original peoples of the Pacific . These fishponds were typically shallow areas of a reef flat surrounded by a low lava rock wall ( loko kuapa ) built out from the shore . Several species of edible fish ( such as mullet ) thrive in such ponds , and Hawaiians developed methods to make them easy to catch . The Hawaiian fishpond was primarily a grazing area in which the fishpond keeper cultivated algae ; much in the way a cattle rancher cultivates grass for his cattle . The porous lava walls let in seawater ( or sometimes fresh or brackish water , as in the case of the `` Menehune '' fishpond near Līhue , Kauai ) , but prevent the fish from escaping . Fishponds were located next to the mouth of a stream , so by opening a sluice gate the pondkeeper provided the fish with water rich in nutrients that had passed through inland , terraced pondfields and returned to the stream . Several fishponds have been restored in recent years . Although fishponds were developed on most islands , the largest number were found in Keehi Lagoon , Pearl Harbor , and Kāneohe Bay on Oahu , and along nearly the entire south shore of Molokai . Few remain today , although Molokai offers the best opportunities to view a Hawaiian loko . Three different styles of fish ponds are being reconstructed at the Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park on the Big Island of Hawaii . The non-profit Aoao O Na Loko Ia O Maui is restoring Kalepolepo Fishpond also known as Koiei.e . in Kīhei using a mixture of volunteers and skilled stonemasons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7babf07739f530ee619ef1bfbbdd1d9d", "text": "Namu Atoll Namu Atoll ( Marshallese : Nam̧o , -LSB- nyahmhhowow -RSB- ) is a coral atoll of 54 islands in the Pacific Ocean , and forms a legislative district of the Ralik Chain of the Marshall Islands . Its total land area is only 6.27 km2 , but that encloses a lagoon of 397 km2 . It is located approximately 62 km south-southwest of Kwajalein Atoll . There are four main population centres , the islands of Namu , Majkin , Loen and Mae . The population of Namu Atoll was 801 in 1998 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9144e3567f579d6cef6e7b269c7217c6", "text": "Hawaiian tropical rainforests The Hawaiian tropical rainforests are a tropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion in the Hawaiian Islands . They cover an area of 6700 km2 in the windward lowlands and montane regions of the islands . Coastal mesic forests are found at elevations from sea level to 300 m. Mixed mesic forests occur at elevations of 750 to , while wet forests are found from 1250 to . Moist bogs and shrublands exist on montane plateaus and depressions . For the 28 million years of existence of the Hawaiian Islands , they have been isolated from the rest of the world by vast stretches of the Pacific Ocean , and this isolation has resulted in the evolution of an incredible diversity of endemic species , including fungi , mosses , snails , birds , and other wildlife . In the lush , moist forests high in the mountains , trees are draped with vines , orchids , ferns , and mosses . This ecoregion includes one of the world 's wettest places , the slopes of Mount Waialeale , which average 460 in of rainfall per year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3084d5dc9d56be6010fcf1626d9e3055", "text": "Mānana Mānana Island is an uninhabited islet located 0.75 mi off Kaupō Beach , near Makapuu at the eastern end of the Island of Oahu in the Hawaiian Islands . In the Hawaiian language , mānana means `` buoyant '' . The islet is commonly referred to as Rabbit Island , because its shape as seen from the nearby Oahu shore looks something like a rabbit 's head and because it was once inhabited by introduced rabbits . The rabbit colony was established by John Adams Cummins in the 1880s when he ran the nearby Waimānalo plantation . The rabbits were eradicated about a hundred years later because they were destroying the native ecosystem , an important seabird breeding area . Mānana is a tuff cone with two vents or craters . The highest point on the islet rises to 361 ft. The island is 2319 ft long and 2147 ft wide and has an area of about 63 acre . Mānana 's only sand beach is a small storm beach on the west to south-west ( leeward ) side of the islet . This sand deposit , located above the reach of the normal waves , is about 30 ft wide and curves around to the western side of the island . Manana was formed by the Honolulu Volcanic Series . These series of eruptions are responsible for creating other tuff cones such as Punchbowl Crater . Mānana is a State Seabird Sanctuary -- home to over 10,000 wedge-tailed shearwaters , 80,000 sooty terns , 20,000 brown noddys , 5 -- 10 Bulwer 's petrels , and 10 -- 15 red-tailed tropicbirds , and numerous Hawaiian monk seals . It is illegal to land on the islet without permission from the Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef3f6b444827ee98787c0b165b9a6350", "text": "Ryukyu Islands The , more commonly known in Japanese as the and also known as the , are a chain of Japanese islands that stretch southwest from Kyushu to Taiwan : the Ōsumi , Tokara , Amami , Okinawa , and Sakishima Islands ( further divided into the Miyako and Yaeyama Islands ) , with Yonaguni the southernmost . The larger are mostly high islands and the smaller ones are mostly coral islands . The largest of the islands is Okinawa . The climate of the islands ranges from humid subtropical climate ( Köppen climate classification Cfa ) in the north to tropical rainforest climate ( Köppen climate classification Af ) in the south . Precipitation is very high , and is affected by the rainy season and typhoons . Except the outlying Daitō Islands , the island chain has two major geologic boundaries , the Tokara Strait between the Tokara and Amami Islands , and the Kerama Gap between the Okinawa and Miyako Islands . The islands beyond the Tokara Strait are characterized by their coral reefs . The Ōsumi and Tokara Islands , the northernmost of the islands , fall under the cultural sphere of the Kyushu region of Japan ; the people are ethnically Japanese and speak a variation of the Kagoshima dialect of Japanese . The Amami , Okinawa , Miyako , and Yaeyama Islands have a native population collectively called the Ryukyuan people , named for the former Ryukyu Kingdom that ruled them . The varied Ryukyuan languages are traditionally spoken on these islands , and the major islands have their own distinct languages . In modern times , the Japanese language is the primary language of the islands , with the Okinawan Japanese dialect prevalently spoken . The outlying Daitō Islands were uninhabited until the Meiji period , when their development was started mainly by people from the Izu Islands south of Tokyo , with the people there speaking the Hachijō language . Administratively , the islands are divided into Kagoshima Prefecture ( specifically the islands administered by Kagoshima District , Kumage Subprefecture/District , and Ōshima Subprefecture/District ) in the north and Okinawa Prefecture in the south , with the divide between the Amami and Okinawa Islands , with the Daitō Islands part of Okinawa Prefecture . The northern ( Kagoshima ) islands are collectively called the Satsunan Islands , while the southern part of the chain ( Okinawa Prefecture ) are called the Ryukyu Islands in Japanese .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "daf6213a85cd869a3e39879792b76a94", "text": "Waiohinu, Hawaii Waiohinu ( Hawaiian translation : `` Shiny Water '' ) is an unincorporated community in the district of Ka'u on the Big Island -- Hawaii '' ' , of the Hawaiian Islands . Waiohinu is the name of the community as well as the ahupua'a , Native Hawaiian subdivision .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3089882b5ec621034c43eef74e2cee35", "text": "North Shore (Oahu) The North Shore , in the context of geography of the Island of Oahu , refers to the north-facing coastal area of Oahu between Kaena Point and Kahuku Point . The largest settlement is Haleiwa . This area is best known for its massive waves , attracting surfers from all around the globe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d5a9517c6cefe06f1ca6abf3d48e83c3", "text": "Pearl Harbor National Wildlife Refuge The Pearl Harbor National Wildlife Refuge is a National Wildlife Refuge on the island of Oahu , Hawaii . It was created in 1972 to mitigate the wildlife resource disturbances caused by construction of the Honolulu International Airport Reef Runway . The Refuge includes three units , the Honouliuli , Waiwa and Kalaeloa . The Honouliuli and Waiawa Units are managed under a cooperative agreement with the United States Navy . The Kalaeloa Unit was established during Base Realignment and Closure proceedings in 2001 . Through these cooperative efforts with the Federal Aviation Administration , the State of Hawaii , and the U.S. Navy , the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service made Pearl Harbor NWR a reality .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a4ca60a13c9e394c4d465a415b4a9b5", "text": "Rulers of the Hawaiian Islands The rulers of the Hawaiian islands ( noho aliʻi o ko Hawaiʻi Pae ʻAina ) are a line of native Hawaiians who were independent rulers of various subdivisions of the land and islands of Hawaii . Their genealogy is traced to Hānalaʻanui and others . The caste system of ancient Hawaiian society was established around 1200 AD and separated the people into 4 distinct ranks that were all below the supreme ruler ( ali`i nui ) of the island . The ali`i nui would distribute the land to the lower ranking chiefs who would run the land and collect offerings and taxes . The ali`i nui would also ultimately be responsible for the sacred kapu , a system of rules designed to control social order . The noho ali`i were known for their brightly colored and intricately constructed battle regalia of feathered capes and helmets called a mahiole ( helmet ) and ʻahu ʻula ( cloak or cape ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40f52b74cf03bca714318319bdd55e51", "text": "Makakilo, Hawaii Makakilo or Makakilo City is a census-designated place and residential area located in the Ewa District on the island of Oahu in the City & County of Honolulu , United States . In Hawaiian , maka kilo means `` observing eyes '' . As of the 2010 Census , the CDP had a population of 18,248 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad009be6ea5d99b5f18d65c80f9aab60", "text": "North Island The North Island or Te Ika-a-Māui ( Māori ) is one of the two main islands of New Zealand , separated from the slightly larger but much less populous South Island by Cook Strait . The island 's area is 113729 km2 , making it the world 's 14th-largest island . It has a population of Twelve main urban areas ( half of them officially cities ) are in the North Island . From north to south , they are Whangarei , Auckland , Hamilton , Tauranga , Rotorua , Gisborne , New Plymouth , Napier , Hastings , Whanganui , Palmerston North , and Wellington , the capital , located at the south-west extremity of the island . About % of New Zealand 's population lives in the North Island .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce6b6cc53961e2bb7ea08b49591b03f2", "text": "Line Islands The Line Islands , Teraina Islands or Equatorial Islands , is a chain of atolls ( with partially or fully enclosed lagoons ) and coral islands ( with a surrounding reef ) . Kingman Reef is a largely submerged and Filippo Reef is shown on some maps , although its existence is doubted . The islands were formed by volcanic activity and are located in the central Pacific Ocean , south of the Hawaiian Islands . The 11 islands stretch for 2,350 km in a northwest -- southeast direction , making it one of the longest island chains of the world . Eight of the islands form part of Kiribati , while the remaining three are United States territories grouped with the United States Minor Outlying Islands . Only Kiritimati and Tabuaeran atolls and Teraina Island have a permanent population . The International Date Line passes through the Line Islands . The Southern Line Islands , that are part of Kiribati , are in the world 's farthest forward time zone , UTC +14:00 . The time of day is the same as in the U.S. state of Hawaii , but the date is one day ahead . The time is 1 day and 2 hours ahead of some other islands in Oceania like Baker Island , which uses UTC − 12:00 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f03ec05703c89c0f5a633b932b5a1d2b", "text": "Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park Hawaii Volcanoes National Park , established on August 1 , 1916 , is a United States National Park located in the U.S. State of Hawaii on the island of Hawaii . It encompasses two active volcanoes : Kīlauea , one of the world 's most active volcanoes , and Mauna Loa , the world 's most massive shield volcano . The park delivers scientists insight into the birth of the Hawaiian Islands and ongoing studies into the processes of volcanism . For visitors , the park offers dramatic volcanic landscapes as well as glimpses of rare flora and fauna . In recognition of its outstanding natural values , Hawaii Volcanoes National Park was designated as an International Biosphere Reserve in 1980 and a World Heritage Site in 1987 . In 2012 the Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park was honored on the 14th quarter of the America the Beautiful Quarters series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "760f39ef7e0e6a1af5d1d5f26f60d668", "text": "Maunawili, Hawaii Maunawili is a residential census-designated place ( CDP ) in the City & County of Honolulu , Koolaupoko District , Island of Oahu , Hawaii , United States . As of the 2010 Census , the CDP had a population of 2,040 . Situated mauka ( inland or mountain side ) of Kalanianaole Highway between Castle Junction and Castle Hospital , Maunawili is nearly all private homes , schools , and a few churches ; horse stables complete the rural setting . There are no commercial establishments . However , residents are only minutes ( by car or bus ) from Kailua . Maunawili Valley extends behind the prominent windward peak known as Olomana . The residential developments extend only part way back into the valley , which is quite large and fairly wet , supporting limited agriculture ( mostly banana growing ) behind the housing . Water from the numerous streams is diverted by a ditch to much drier Waimānalo to support agricultural activities there . A golf course and agricultural research station ( HSPA ) are located in the valley . An attraction of increasing popularity is the Maunawili Demonstration Trail , a state-maintained trail that traverses the breadth of upper Maunawili Valley from the Pali Highway ( access at the `` Horseshoe Curve '' ) to Waimānalo . A connecting side trail ( Maunawili Falls Trail ) is accessible from the neighborhood in upper Maunawili . The U.S. postal code for Maunawili is the same as for Kailua : 96734 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6564d5f4b054e38e2f237c38b3b8a978", "text": "Haiku Valley Haikū Valley is an amphitheater-shaped valley on the windward side of the Koolau Range behind Kāneohe , Oahu in the Hawaiian Islands . The valley was the site of a United States Navy radio transmitting station ( later taken over by the Coast Guard as an OMEGA Navigation System station ) and is part of the route of Hawaii 's Interstate H-3 . The valley is most noteworthy today for the recently refurbished Haikū Stairs ( also known as `` Stairway to Heaven '' ) , a foot trail of 3,922 metal stairs that ascends to Puu Keahiakahoe , a 2800 ft peak above the east valley wall . The stairs were originally constructed as a means of reaching the radio antenna attachment points high on the surrounding ridgeline . The trail starts at an elevation of 480 ft and covers an approximate horizontal distance of 4500 ft for an average slope of about 30 degrees ( however , some sections are nearly vertical ) . The Haikū Stairs are currently closed to the public , although people still trespass to experience the nearly two-hour climb . The facility initially was built following the attack on Pearl Harbor as a means of communicating with U.S. Navy ships as far away as Tokyo Bay . The facility had a massive antenna system consisting of five massive cable antennas draped from atop one mountain ridge , and across the mountain valley to the top of the other ridge . The ridges formed a horseshoe shape around the valley . The natural height of the mountain ridges made for an excellent means of having an elevated antenna system . The construction and use of the facility was initially a classified military secret . The walls of the main building were over 5 ft thick and made of concrete . The building was designed to withstand a 500 lb . bomb being dropped on the top of the building , allowing people inside to survive .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dbe1940bd15dd958dfd5d1b4ad042db5", "text": "Kaneohe, Hawaii Kāneohe is a census-designated place ( CDP ) included in the City and County of Honolulu and located in Hawaii state District of Koolaupoko on the island of Oahu . In the Hawaiian language , kāne ohe means `` bamboo man '' . According to an ancient Hawaiian story a local woman compared her husband 's cruelty to the sharp edge of cutting bamboo ; thus the place was named Kāneohe or `` Bamboo man '' . The population was 34,597 at the 2010 census . Kāneohe is the largest of several communities along Kāneohe Bay and one of the two largest residential communities on the windward side of Oahu ( the other is Kailua ) . The commercial center of the town is spread mostly along Kamehameha Highway . From ancient times , Kāneohe was important as an agricultural area , owing to an abundance of rainfall . Today , Kāneohe is mostly a residential community , with very little agriculture in evidence . The only commercial crop of any consequence in the area is banana . Features of note are Hoomaluhia Botanical Garden and the new Hawaii National Veterans Cemetery . Access to Kāneohe Bay is mainly from the public pier and boat ramp located at nearby Heeia Kea . Access to Coconut Island ( restricted ) is from the state pier off Lilipuna Road . Marine Corps Base Hawaii lies across the south end of Kāneohe Bay from the central part of Kāneohe , although the town stretches along Kāneohe Bay Drive to the base perimeter . The ZIP code for Kaneohe is 96744 . There are three golf courses in Kāneohe : Pali Golf Course ( public ) , Koolau Golf Club ( privately owned but open to the public ) , and Bayview Golf Park ( privately owned but open to the public ) .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "76a907c4300d50ee79678e6b0ca267b8", "text": "Minnesota Minnesota ( -LSB- -LSB- ˌmɪnəˈso̞ɾɐ -RSB- help = no -RSB- ) is a state in the midwestern and northern regions of the United States . Minnesota was admitted as the 32nd U.S. state on May 11 , 1858 , created from the eastern half of the Minnesota Territory . The state has a large number of lakes , and is known by the slogan `` Land of 10,000 Lakes '' . Its official motto is L'Étoile du Nord ( French : Star of the North ) . Minnesota is the 12th largest in area and the 21st most populous of the U.S. states ; nearly 60 percent of its residents live in the Minneapolis -- Saint Paul metropolitan area ( known as the `` Twin Cities '' ) , the center of transportation , business , industry , education , and government and home to an internationally known arts community . The remainder of the state consists of western prairies now given over to intensive agriculture ; deciduous forests in the southeast , now partially cleared , farmed and settled ; and the less populated North Woods , used for mining , forestry , and recreation . Minnesota is known for its progressive political orientation and its high rate of civic participation and voter turnout . Until European settlement , Minnesota was inhabited by the Dakota and Ojibwe/Anishinaabe . During the 19th and early 20th centuries , a large number of European settlers entered the state who had mainly emigrated from Scandinavia and Germany . The state remains today a center of Scandinavian American and German American culture . In recent decades , immigration from Asia , the Horn of Africa , and Latin America has broadened its historic demographic and cultural composition . Minnesota 's standard of living index is among the highest in the United States , and the state is also among the best-educated and wealthiest in the nation .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "4401aa092641889de876a813e163e789", "text": "Norwegian Dakotan A Norwegian Dakotan is a Norwegian American ( a person with Norwegian ancestry ) in the U. S. states of North and South Dakota . One in three of all North Dakotans is of Norwegian heritage , which is the highest among all U.S. states . South Dakota is number three , behind Minnesota . The immigrants settled primarily between 1870 and 1920 . As of 2009 , 312,697 Dakotans claim Norwegian ancestry , 21.4 % of the region 's population ( 30.8 % of North Dakota 's population and 14.0 % of South Dakota 's population ) , or 6.7 % of the total Norwegian American population .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "676e88a8d7840f2632dbf7c9f55a6a50", "text": "Dutch Americans Dutch Americans are Americans of Dutch descent whose ancestors came from The Netherlands in the recent or distant past . Whether intentional or not , they usually maintain connections with their Dutch heritage , by having , for example , a Dutch surname or belonging to a Dutch community group . Dutch settlement in the Americas started in 1613 with New Amsterdam , which was exchanged with the British for the current Suriname at the treaty of Breda ( 1667 ) and renamed New York City . The British split the Dutch colony of New Netherlands into two pieces , and named them New York and New Jersey . Further waves of immigration occurred in the 19th and 20th centuries . According to the 2013 American Community Survey , an estimated 4.5 million Americans claim total or partial Dutch heritage . Today the majority of the Dutch Americans live in Michigan , California , Montana , Minnesota , New York , Wisconsin , Idaho , Utah , Iowa , Ohio , West Virginia , and Pennsylvania .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "04179ffd0b24af2a17c37155a2197628", "text": "List of place names of French origin in the United States Several thousand place names in the United States have names of French origin , some a legacy of past French exploration and rule over much of the land and some in honor of French help during the American Revolution and the founding of the country ( see also : New France and French in the United States ) . Others were named after early Americans of French , especially Huguenot , ancestry ( Marion , Revere , Fremont , Lanier , Sevier , Macon , Decatur , etc. ) . Some places received their names as a consequence of French colonial settlement ( e.g. Baton Rouge , Detroit , New Orleans , Saint Louis ) . Nine state capitals are French words or of French origin ( Baton Rouge , Boise , Des Moines , Juneau , Montgomery , Montpelier , Pierre , Richmond , Saint Paul ) - not even counting Little Rock ( originally `` La Petite Roche '' ) or Cheyenne ( a French rendering of a Lakota word ) , compared to only two that are Spanish ( Sacramento and Santa Fe ) . Fifteen state names are either French words / origin ( Delaware , New Jersey , Louisiana , Maine , Oregon , Vermont ) or Native American words rendered by French speakers ( Arkansas , Illinois , Iowa , Kansas , Michigan , Mississippi , Mississippi , Ohio , Wisconsin ) , versus nine state names that are Spanish or Spanish rendered ( Montana , California , Colorado , Florida , Montana , Nevada , New Mexico , Texas , Utah ) . The suffix '' - ville , '' from the French word for `` city '' is common for town and city names throughout the United States . Many originally French place names , possibly hundreds , in the Midwest and Upper West were replaced with directly translated English names once American settlers became locally dominant ( e.g. `` La Petite Roche '' became Little Rock ; `` Baie Verte '' became Green Bay ; `` Grandes Fourches '' became Grand Forks ) . In contrast , Spanish place names in the Southwest were generally not replaced by English names .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47c0cffb322c4a623983e0d3bcf1cf59", "text": "Scandinavian Peninsula The Scandinavian Peninsula ( Skandinaviska halvön Den skandinaviske halvøy Skandinavian niemimaa ? Скандинавский полуостров , Skandinavsky poluostrov ) is a peninsula in Northern Europe , which generally comprises the mainland of Sweden , the mainland of Norway ( with the exception of a small coastal area bordering Russia ) , the northwestern area of Finland , as well as a narrow area in the west of the Pechengsky District of Russia . The name of the peninsula is derived from the term Scandinavia , the cultural region of Denmark , Norway and Sweden . That cultural name is in turn derived from the name of Scania , the region at the southern extremity of the peninsula which has during periods been part of Denmark , which is the ancestral home of the Danes , and which is now part of Sweden . The derived term `` Scandinavian '' also refers to the Germanic peoples who speak North Germanic languages , considered to be a dialect continuum derived from Old Norse . These modern North Germanic languages found in Scandinavia are Danish , Norwegian , and Swedish ; additionally Faroese and Icelandic belong to the same language group , but they are not part of the modern Scandinavian dialect continuum and are not intelligible with the other languages . The Scandinavian Peninsula is the largest peninsula of Europe , larger than the Balkan , the Iberian and the Italian peninsulas . During the Ice Ages , the sea level of the Atlantic Ocean dropped so much that the Baltic Sea , the Gulf of Bothnia and the Gulf of Finland disappeared , and the countries now surrounding them , including Germany , Poland , the other Baltic countries and Scandinavia , were directly joined by land .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0319c1fa6c1472b613260cb0db87546a", "text": "William Whipple Warren William Whipple Warren ( May 27 , 1825 -- June 1 , 1853 ) was an historian , interpreter , and legislator in the Minnesota Territory . Of Ojibwe and European-American descent , he lived in two cultures . Because his father was white , he was not considered Ojibwe , but an Ojibwe `` relative '' , because in the Ojibwe patrilineal culture , inheritance and property were passed through the paternal line . His mother was Ojibwe and he learned her culture from her family . He is the first historian of the Ojibwe people in the European tradition . In the fall of 1845 , Warren moved at the age of 20 from Wisconsin to Crow Wing in present-day Minnesota . He worked as an interpreter for the fur trader Henry Mower Rice . Bilingual and educated in the United States style , Warren started collecting stories from the oral tradition of the Ojibwe to tell their history . He drew from oral history to tell about the people prior to their encounter with Europeans , and combined it with documentation in the European style . After suffering from tuberculosis for many years , he died as a young man of 28 from a hemorrhage on June 1 , 1853 and was buried in Saint Paul , Minnesota . His history was published posthumously in 1885 by the Minnesota Historical Society . A revised , annotated edition was published in 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "77f84eadb89e679bd8435ac111809fbd", "text": "Economy of Manitoba The economy of Manitoba is a market economy based largely on natural resources . Agriculture , mostly concentrated in the fertile southern and western parts of the province , is vital to the province 's economy . Other major industries are transportation , manufacturing , mining , forestry , energy , and tourism . The province 's economic history dates to before European contact , and was originally based on a First Nations trading network . European traders arrived in the 17th century and organized a trans-Atlantic fur trade . Agricultural settlers arrived in the early 19th century , and Manitoba became a province of Canada in 1870 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "529a1c4846dc4c37eab61f38f5d1b7af", "text": "Dakota people The Dakota people are a Native American tribe and First Nations band government in North America . They compose two of the three main subcultures of the Sioux -LSB- ˈsuː -RSB- people , and are typically divided into the Eastern Dakota and the Western Dakota . The Eastern Dakota are the Santee ( Isáŋyathi or Isáŋ-athi ; `` knife '' + `` encampment '' , ″ dwells at the place of knife flint ″ ) , who reside in the eastern Dakotas , central Minnesota and northern Iowa . They have federally recognized tribes established in several places . The Western Dakota are the Yankton , and the Yanktonai ( Iháŋktȟuŋwaŋ and Iháŋktȟuŋwaŋna ; `` Village-at-the-end '' and `` Little village-at-the-end '' ) , who reside in the Missouri River area . The Yankton-Yanktonai are collectively also referred to by the endonym Wičhíyena ( ″ Those Who Speak Like Men ″ ) . They also have distinct federally recognized tribes . In the past the Western Dakota have been erroneously classified as Nakota , a branch of the Sioux who moved further west . The latter are now located in Montana and across the border in Canada , where they are known as Stoney .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd65b4b61a4dde3974ee541173b2a8aa", "text": "South Dakota South Dakota ( -LSB- saʊθ_dəˈkoʊtə -RSB- -LSB- -LSB- ˌsɑʊθ dəˈko̞ɾə -RSB- -RSB- ) is a state located in the Midwestern region of the United States . It is named after the Lakota and Dakota Sioux Native American tribes , who compose a significant portion of the population and historically dominated the entire territory . South Dakota is the 17th most expansive , but the 5th least populous and the 5th least densely populated of the 50 United States . Once the southern portion of the Dakota Territory , South Dakota became a state on November 2 , 1889 , simultaneously with North Dakota . Pierre is the state capital and Sioux Falls , with a population of about 171,000 , is South Dakota 's largest city . South Dakota is bordered by the states of North Dakota ( on the north ) , Minnesota ( to the east ) , Iowa ( to the southeast ) , Nebraska ( on the south ) , Wyoming ( on the west ) , and Montana ( to the northwest ) . The state is bisected by the Missouri River , dividing South Dakota into two geographically and socially distinct halves , known to residents as `` East River '' and `` West River '' . Eastern South Dakota is home to most of the state 's population , and fertile soil in this area is used to grow a variety of crops . West of the Missouri , ranching is the predominant agricultural activity , and the economy is more dependent on tourism and defense spending . Most of the Native American reservations are located in West River . The Black Hills , a group of low pine-covered mountains sacred to the Sioux , are located in the southwest part of the state . Mount Rushmore , a major tourist destination , is located there . South Dakota experiences a temperate continental climate , with four distinct seasons and precipitation ranging from moderate in the east to semi-arid in the west . The ecology of the state features species typical of a North American grassland biome . Humans have inhabited the area for several millennia , with the Sioux becoming dominant by the early 19th century . In the late 19th century , European-American settlement intensified after a gold rush in the Black Hills and the construction of railroads from the east . Encroaching miners and settlers triggered a number of Indian wars , ending with the Wounded Knee Massacre in 1890 . Key events in the 20th century included the Dust Bowl and Great Depression , increased federal spending during the 1940s and 50s for agriculture and defense , and an industrialization of agriculture that has much reduced family farming . While several Democratic senators have represented South Dakota for multiple terms at the federal level , the state government is largely controlled by the Republican Party , whose nominees have carried South Dakota in each of the last 13 presidential elections . Historically dominated by an agricultural economy and a rural lifestyle , South Dakota has recently sought to diversify its economy in areas to attract and retain residents . South Dakota 's history and rural character still strongly influence the culture of the state .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "32b4ef98e066c0c5f3d6c035f4c57c5d", "text": "Olędrzy Olędrzy ( singular : Olęder , German : Holländer or Hauländer ) are people , often of Dutch or German ancestry , who lived in settlements in Poland organized under a particular type of law . The term Olędrzy has been used to describe two related , but slightly different , groups of settlers . First , it describes settlers in Poland from Friesland and the rest of the Netherlands , most often of the Mennonite faith , who in the 16th and 17th centuries founded villages in Royal Prussia , along the Vistula River and its tributaries , in Kujawy , Mazovia and Wielkopolska . They possessed knowledge of flood control , and a well-developed agrarian culture . At that time , they were the wealthiest group of peasants . They maintained personal freedom , and their own religion and beliefs . After the First Partition of Poland , some of them emigrated to Ukraine . Second , in a later period ( up to the middle of the 19th century ) , the term Olędrzy was used to describe settlers of different ethnicities ( principally Germans and Poles , at times Scots , Czechs , and Hungarians ) , who benefited from certain privileges resulting from the law established by the Frisian and Dutch colonists ( such as personal freedom , long-term or perpetual use of land , and the possibility of transmitting land to heirs ) . The most important characteristic , however , was collective responsibility of the entire Olęder community for its obligations toward the land owner and the specific character of the community 's self-government . Thus , the distinguishing characteristics of an Olęder settlement are legal , and not ethnic , religious or economic . Consequently , the word Olęder is not synonymous with `` Dutch settler . '' According to studies conducted so far , from 1527/1547 to 1864 on the terrain of the first Polish republic ( `` Rzeczpospolita '' ) ( later divided into three parts in the Polish partitions ) , at least 1700 olęder settlements were established . Of those , in at least 300 settlements , the settlers were ethnic Dutch . Traces of these settlements are still visible in village architecture , the physical layout of villages , and in the names of villages ( Holendry , Olędry , Olendry , etc. . )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "49e3023260513f9eb0f8d42f8d8e582d", "text": "Colonization Colonization ( or colonisation ) is a process by which a central system of power dominates the surrounding land and its components . The term is derived from the Latin word colere , which means `` to inhabit '' . Also , colonization refers strictly to migration , for example , to settler colonies in America or Australia , trading posts , and plantations , while colonialism deals with this , along with ruling the existing indigenous peoples of styled `` new territories '' . Colonization was linked to the spread of tens of millions from Western European states all over the world . In many settled colonies , Western European settlers formed a large majority of the population . Examples include the Americas , Australia and New Zealand . These colonies were occasionally called ` neo-Europes ' . In other places , Western European settlers formed minority groups , who were often dominant in their places of settlement . When Britain started to settle Australia , New Zealand and various other smaller islands , they often regarded the landmasses as terra nullius . Terra nullius meaning 'em pty land ' in Latin . Due to the absence of European farming techniques , the land was deemed unaltered by man and therefore treated as uninhabited , despite the presence of indigenous populations . In the 19th century , laws and ideas such as Mexico 's General Colonization Law and the United States ' Manifest destiny encouraged further colonization of the Americas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8ed77dcf3a8a56fd7babbdc4a2a5a1a", "text": "Continental Europe Continental Europe , also referred to as mainland Europe , or , by Europeans , simply the Continent , is the continuous continent of Europe , excluding surrounding islands . The most common definition of continental Europe excludes continental islands , encompassing the Greek Islands , Cyprus , Malta , Sicily , Sardinia , Corsica , the Balearic Islands , Ireland , Great Britain , the Isle of Man , the Channel Islands , Novaya Zemlya and the Danish archipelago , as well as nearby oceanic islands , including the Canary Islands , Madeira , the Azores , Iceland , the Faroe Islands , and Svalbard . The Scandinavian peninsula is sometimes also excluded , as even though it is technically part of `` mainland Europe '' , the de facto connections to the rest of the continent are across the Baltic Sea or North Sea ( rather than via the lengthy land route that involves travelling to the north of the peninsula where it meets Finland , and then south through north-east Europe ) . The notion of Europe as a geopolitical or cultural term is centred on core Europe ( Kerneuropa ) , the continental territory of the historical Carolingian Empire and the core of Latin Christendom , corresponding to modern France , Italy , Germany ( or German-speaking Europe ) and the Benelux states ( historical Austrasia ) . This historical core of `` Carolingian Europe '' was consciously invoked in the 1950s as the historical ethno-cultural basis for the prospective European integration ( see also Multi-speed Europe ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca33863c4ef5337863a58c2ae67f3a05", "text": "Lithuania Minor Lithuania Minor ( Mažoji Lietuva Kleinlitauen Litwa Mniejsza Máлая Литвá ) or Prussian Lithuania ( Prūsų Lietuva Preußisch-Litauen , Litwa Pruska ) is a historical ethnographic region of Prussia , later East Prussia in Germany , where Prussian Lithuanians or Lietuvininkai lived . Lithuania Minor enclosed the northern part of this province and got its name due to the territory 's substantial Lithuanian-speaking population . Prior to the invasion of the Teutonic Knights in the 13th century , the main part of the territory later known as Lithuania Minor was inhabited by the tribes of Skalvians and Nadruvians . The land became depopulated to some extent during the warfare between Lithuania and the Order . The war ended with the Treaty of Melno and the land was resettled by Lithuanian newcomers , returning refugees , and the remaining indigenous Baltic peoples ; the term Lithuania Minor appeared for the first time between 1517 and 1526 . With the exception of the Klaipėda Region , which became a mandated territory of the League of Nations in 1920 by the Treaty of Versailles and was annexed to Lithuania from 1923 to 1939 , the area was part of Prussia until 1945 . Today a small portion of Lithuania Minor is within the borders of modern Lithuania and Poland while most of the territory is part of the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia . Although hardly anything remains of the original culture due to the expulsion of Germans after World War II , Lithuania Minor has made an important contribution to Lithuanian culture as a whole . The written standard form of Prussian-Lithuanian provided the `` skeleton '' of modern Lithuanian , evolved from people close to Stanislovas Rapalionis and graduating from Lithuanian language school established in Vilnius , who were expelled from Grand Duchy during counter-reformation years . Those include notable names like Abraomas Kulvietis and Martynas Mažvydas . During the years of the Lithuanian press ban , most of the Lithuanian books printed using the Latin alphabet were published in Lithuania Minor . Lithuania Minor was the home of Kristijonas Donelaitis , a pastor , poet and the author of The Seasons , considered a milestone of Lithuanian literature , and Vydūnas , a prominent Lithuanian writer and philosopher .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5067617037a442d80e8725810a3bcca", "text": "Anglo-Americans Anglo-Americans or Anglos are people who are inhabitants of Anglo-America and are referred to as English Americans and/or an English Canadians . It typically refers to an English-speaking American in distinction to Spanish speakers in the Southwestern states and in Mexico ; German speakers ( Amish ) in North Dakota , Ohio , and Pennsylvania ; and French speakers in Canada , New England and Louisiana . This usage originated in the discussion of the history of English-speaking people of the United States and the Spanish-speaking people residing in the western United States during the Mexican -- American War .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5380d24573e02f78fd0b046aedca0c10", "text": "Pomerania during the High Middle Ages Pomerania during the High Middle Ages covers the History of Pomerania in the 12th and 13th centuries . The early 12th century Obodrite , Polish , Saxon , and Danish conquests resulted in vassalage and Christianization of the formerly pagan and independent Pomeranian tribes . Local dynasties ruled the Principality of Rügen ( House of Wizlaw ) , the Duchy of Pomerania ( House of Pomerania , `` Griffins '' ) , the Lands of Schlawe and Stolp ( Ratiboride branch of the Griffins ) , and the duchies in Pomerelia ( Samborides ) . The dukes of Pomerania expanded their realm into Circipania and Uckermark to the southwest , and competed with the Kingdom of Poland and the Margraviate of Brandenburg for territory and formal overlordship over their duchies . Pomerania-Demmin lost most of its territory and was integrated into Pomerania-Stettin in the mid-13th century . When the Ratiborides died out in 1223 , competition arose for the Lands of Schlawe and Stolp , which changed hands numerous times . Starting in the High Middle Ages , a large influx of German settlers and the introduction of German law , custom , and Low German language began the process of Germanisation ( Ostsiedlung ) . Many of the people groups that had dominated the area during the Early Middle Ages , such as the Slavic Rani , Lutician and Pomeranian tribes , were assimilated into the new German Pomeranian culture . The Germanisation was not complete , as the Kashubians , descendants of Slavic Pomeranians , dominated many rural areas in Pomerelia . The arrival of German colonists and Germanization mostly affected both the central and local administration . The conversion of Pomerania to Christianity was achieved primarily by the missionary efforts of Absalon and Otto von Bamberg , by the foundation of numerous monasteries , and through the Christian clergy and settlers . A Pomeranian diocese was set up in Wolin , the see was later moved to Cammin ( Kammin , Kamień Pomorski ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85d2b3b05df919f5c506940bf8a7f6dc", "text": "Illinois Illinois ( -LSB- ɪlᵻˈnɔɪ -RSB- ) is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States , achieving statehood in 1818 . It is the 6th-most populous state and 25th-largest state in terms of land area , and is noted as a microcosm of the entire country . The word `` Illinois '' comes from a French rendering of a native Algonquin word . With Chicago in the northeast , small industrial cities and great agricultural productivity in central and northern Illinois , and natural resources like coal , timber , and petroleum in the south , Illinois has a diverse economic base and is a major transportation hub . The Port of Chicago connects the state to other global ports from the Great Lakes , via the Saint Lawrence Seaway , to the Atlantic Ocean , as well as the Great Lakes to the Mississippi River , via the Illinois Waterway . For decades , O'Hare International Airport has been ranked as one of the world 's busiest airports . Illinois has long had a reputation as a bellwether both in social and cultural terms and politics . Although today the state 's largest population center is around Chicago in the northern part of the state , the state 's European population grew first in the west , with French Canadian colonists who settled along the Mississippi River in the 17th and 18th century , and gave the area the name , `` Pays des Illinois '' or Illinois Country a region that was known as part of New France . After the American Revolutionary War established the United States , American settlers began arriving crossing the Appalachians barrier range in the 1810s via the gaps of the Allegheny to boat building centers in Pittsburgh , from Cumberland , Maryland via the Cumberland Narrows pass to outfit in Brownsville , Pennsylvania , from North Carolina and Virginia via the Cumberland Gap to Kentucky and Tennessee , all on the Ohio River . With the War of 1812 , the growth of Illinois slowed as both Native Americans and Canadian forces often raided the American Frontier . After the war 's end , the federal government re-established forts such as Fort Dearborn ( in 1816 -- now the site is within Chicago ) and army patrols west of the Mississippi diminished the threat from Amerindian raids , so settlers were able to move into all of Illinois from the eastern and southern emigrant trails . Mineral finds and timber stands also had spurred immigration -- by the 1810s , the Eastern U.S. had exhausted most timber stands close to the established cities creating a hard felt first energy crisis by the late-1790s , and after 1818 , the industrial revolution was being fueled by new canals such as the Lehigh Canal feeding the furnaces of the rapidly industrializing east coast . Also in 1818 , Illinois achieved statehood and its growth , as yet untroubled by the speed of as yet unrefined railway technology , would be fueled by the new religion of industrialized forward thinking . After construction of the Erie Canal with increasing traffic and trade through the Great Lakes , Chicago was founded in the 1830s on the banks of the Chicago River , at one of the few natural harbors on southern Lake Michigan . John Deere 's invention of the self-scouring steel plow turned Illinois ' rich prairie into some of the world 's most productive and valuable farmlands , attracting new immigrant farmers from Germany and Sweden . Railroads arose and matured in the 1840s , and soon carried immigrants to new homes in Illinois , as well as being a resource to ship their commodity crops out to markets . Railroads freed most of the land of Illinois and other mid-western states from the tyranny of water transport ; no longer was a location near a river or canal a need to ship bulk goods . By 1900 , the growth of industrial jobs in the northern cities and coal mining in the central and southern areas attracted a new group of immigrants , from Eastern and Southern Europe . Illinois was an important manufacturing center during both world wars . The Great Migration from the South established a large community of African Americans in Chicago , who created the city 's famous jazz and blues cultures . Three U.S. presidents have been elected while living in Illinois : Abraham Lincoln , Ulysses S. Grant , and most recently Barack Obama . Additionally , Ronald Reagan , whose political career was based in California , was the only U.S. president born and raised in Illinois . Today , Illinois honors Lincoln with its official state nickname `` The Land of Lincoln , '' which has been displayed on its license plates since 1954 . The Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum is located in the state capital of Springfield , and the Barack Obama Presidential Center will be completed in Chicago by 2020 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "361a27e7549537ac1c90f80530d56c21", "text": "History of Minneapolis Minneapolis is the largest city by population in the U.S. state of Minnesota , and the county seat of Hennepin County . The origin and growth of the city was spurred by the proximity of Fort Snelling , the first major United States military presence in the area , and by its location on Saint Anthony Falls , which provided power for sawmills and flour mills . Fort Snelling was established in 1819 , at the confluence of the Mississippi and Minnesota Rivers , and soldiers began using the falls for waterpower . When land became available for settlement , two towns were founded on either side of the falls : Saint Anthony , on the east side , and Minneapolis , on the west side . The two towns later merged into one city in 1872 . Early development focused on sawmills , but flour mills eventually became the dominant industry . This industrial development fueled the development of railroads and banks , as well as the foundation of the Minneapolis Grain Exchange . Through innovations in milling techniques , Minneapolis became a world-leading center of flour production , earning the name `` Mill City '' . As the city grew , the culture developed through its churches , arts institutions , the University of Minnesota , and a famous park system designed by Theodore Wirth . Although the sawmills and the flour mills are long gone , Minneapolis remains a regional center in banking and industry . The two largest milling companies , General Mills and the Pillsbury Company , now merged under the General Mills name , still remain prominent in the Twin Cities area . The city has rediscovered the riverfront , which now hosts parkland , the Mill City Museum , and the Guthrie Theater .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "adb197b30d700085f9a3f5c30509e6a3", "text": "Polish Americans Polish Americans are Americans who have total or partial Polish ancestry . There are an estimated 9.5 million Polish Americans , representing about 3 % of the U.S. population . Polish Americans are the largest Slavic ethnic group in the United States , second largest Central and Eastern European group and the eighth largest immigrant group overall . The first Polish settlers arrived at Walter Raleigh 's failed Roanoke Colony in 1585 . In 1608 Polish settlers came to the Virginia Colony as skilled craftsmen . Two early immigrants , Kazimierz Pułaski and Tadeusz Kościuszko , led armies in the Revolutionary War and are remembered as national heroes . Overall , more than one million Poles and Polish subjects have immigrated to the United States , primarily during the late 19th and early 20th centuries . Exact immigration numbers are unknown . Many immigrants were classified as `` Russian '' , `` German '' , and `` Austrian '' by the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service because the Polish state did not exist from 1795 to 1918 , and thus the former territories of Poland at this time were under Prussian , Austrian-Hungarian and Russian control . Complicating the U.S. Census figures further are the high proportion of Polish Americans who marry outside their ethnicity ; in 1940 , about 50 percent married other American ethnics , and a study in 1988 found that 54 percent of Polish Americans three generations or higher had been of mixed ancestry . The Polish American Cultural Center places a figure of Americans who have some Polish ancestry at 19-20 million . In 2000 , 667,414 Americans over 5 years old reported Polish as the language spoken at home , which is about 1.4 % of the census groups who speak a language other than English or 0.25 % of the U.S. population .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0ee8a2815bc7ef289a39d78ce1c57858", "text": "Rainy River (Minnesota–Ontario) The Rainy River ( French : Rivière à la Pluie ; Ojibwe : Gojiji-ziibi ) is a river , approximately 137 km long , which forms part of the Canada -- United States border separating northern Minnesota and Northwestern Ontario . The river issues from the west side of Rainy Lake ( French : lac à la Pluie ; Ojibwe : Gojiji-zaaga ` igan ) and flows generally west-northwest , between International Falls , Minnesota , and Fort Frances , Ontario , and between Baudette , Minnesota , and Rainy River , Ontario . It enters the southern end of Lake of the Woods approximately 19 km northwest of Baudette and Rainy River . It is used for hydroelectricity at International Falls . The river shares its name with the town of Rainy River , Ontario , and Rainy Lake . In addition , it shares its Ojibwe name with the Couchiching First Nation and Koochiching County , Minnesota . The drainage basin of the river stretches east to the height of land about 100 km west of Lake Superior , where it was the southeast corner of the huge tract of land granted to the Hudson 's Bay Company in 1670 . It ultimately drains through the Winnipeg River , Lake Winnipeg and the Nelson River into Hudson Bay . The Baudette-Rainy River International Bridge and the Fort Frances-International Falls International Bridge both cross the Rainy River . The Ontario and Rainy River Railway , opened in 1901 and now part of Canadian National , follows the river on the Canadian side . The river was the site of the short story `` On the Rainy River '' in Tim O'Brien 's novel The Things They Carried .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "efa35d3958e26eb69d55c1aba95b223f", "text": "Demographics of France The demography of France is monitored by the Institut national d'études démographiques ( INED ) and the Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques ( INSEE ) . As of the 1 January 2017 , almost 67 million people lived in the French Republic ( 66,991,000 ) , including all the five overseas departments ( 2,132,000 ) , but excluding the overseas collectivities and territories ( 604,000 ) . 64,859,000 of these lived in Metropolitan France , the part of France located in Europe . In March 2017 the population of France officially reached the 67 million mark . The 66 million mark was reached in the beginning of 2014 . Between the years 2010 and 2017 the population of France grew from 64,613 million to 66,991 million or with about 2,4 million people for a span of 7 years , making France one of the fastest growing countries in Europe . The population of France is growing with 1 million people every 3 years . For an average annual growth of 340,000 people , or a grow rate of +0,6 % . France was historically Europe 's most populous nation . During the Middle Ages , more than one quarter of Europe 's total population was French ; by the 17th century , this had decreased slightly to one fifth . By the beginning of the 20th century , other European nations , such as Germany and Russia , had caught up with and overtaken it . However , the country 's population sharply increased with the baby boom following World War II . According to INSEE , since 2004 , 200,000 immigrants entered annually into the country . One out of two was born in Europe and one in three in Africa . Between 2009 and 2012 , the number of Europeans entering France increased sharply ( + 12 % per year on average ) . The national birth rate , after dropping for a time , began to rebound in the 1990s and currently the country 's fertility rate is close to the replacement level . According to a 2006 INSEE study , `` The natural increase is close to 300,000 people , a level that has not been reached in more than thirty years . '' Among the 802,000 newborns in metropolitan France in 2010 , 80.1 % had two French parents , 13.3 % had one French parent , and 6.6 % had two non-French parents . For the same year , 27.3 % of newborns in metropolitan France had at least one foreign-born parent and 23.9 % had at least one parent born outside of Europe ( parents born in overseas territories are considered as born in France ) . Between 2006 and 2008 , about 40 % of newborns in France had one foreign-born grandparent ( 11 % born in another European country , 16 % born in the Maghreb and 12 % born in another region of the world ) . Racial and ethnic censuses have been banned by the French government since 1978 , since the term `` race '' in France invokes associations with Nazi Germany .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0a614f5f5828820f782b1cd699dcf28", "text": "St. Cloud, Minnesota St. Cloud -LSB- ˌseɪntˈklaʊd -RSB- is a city in the state of Minnesota and the largest population center in the state 's central region . Its population is 67,109 according to the 2015 US census estimates , making it Minnesota 's tenth largest city . St. Cloud is the county seat of Stearns County and was named after the city of Saint-Cloud , France ( in Île-de-France , near Paris ) , which was named after the 6th-century French monk Clodoald . Though mostly in Stearns County , St. Cloud also extends into Benton and Sherburne counties , and straddles the Mississippi River . It is the center of a small , contiguous urban area totaling over 116,000 residents , with Waite Park , Sauk Rapids , Sartell , St. Joseph , Rockville , and St. Augusta directly bordering the city , and Foley , Rice , Kimball , Clearwater , Clear Lake , and Cold Spring nearby . With 189,093 residents at the 2010 census , the St. Cloud metropolitan area is the fourth-largest in Minnesota , behind Minneapolis -- St. Paul , Duluth -- Superior , and Rochester . ( The population of Fargo-Moorhead is also larger than St. Cloud 's , but most of that is in North Dakota , with only 58,999 residents in Minnesota . ) St. Cloud is 65 mi northwest of the Twin Cities of Minneapolis -- St. Paul along Interstate 94 , U.S. Highway 10 , and Minnesota State Highway 23 . The St. Cloud Metropolitan Statistical Area ( MSA ) is made up of Stearns and Benton Counties . The city was included in a newly defined Minneapolis -- St. Paul -- St. Cloud Combined Statistical Area ( CSA ) in 2000 . St. Cloud as a whole has never been part of the 13-county MSA comprising Minneapolis , St. Paul , Bloomington and parts of western Wisconsin , although its Sherburne County portion is considered part of the Twin Cities metropolitan area by Census Bureau definition . St. Cloud State University , Minnesota 's third-largest public university , is located between the downtown area and the Beaver Islands , which form a maze for a two-mile stretch of the Mississippi . The approximately 30 undeveloped islands are a popular destination for kayak and canoe enthusiasts and are part of a state-designated 12-mile stretch of wild and scenic river . St. Cloud owns and operates a hydroelectric dam on the Mississippi that can produce up to nine megawatts of electricity .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "ec43c1058dfd37f80a017f1e5836d72f", "text": "Cougar Town Cougar Town was an American television sitcom that ran for 102 episodes over six seasons , from September 23 , 2009 until March 31 , 2015 . The first three seasons aired on ABC , with the series moving to TBS for the final three seasons . Set in the fictional town of Gulfhaven , Florida , nicknamed `` Cougar Town '' since its high school teams are the Cougars , the series focuses on a recently divorced woman in her 40s facing the often humorous challenges , pitfalls , and rewards of life 's next chapter , along with her teenage son , her ex-husband , and her wine-loving friends who together make up her dysfunctional , but supportive and caring , extended family . The pilot episode was broadcast after Modern Family . ABC officially gave the series a full season pickup on October 8 , 2009 . The show was created by Bill Lawrence and Kevin Biegel and was produced by Doozer and Coquette Productions in association with ABC Studios . Filming took place at Culver Studios in Culver City , California . The pilot episode achieved 11.28 million viewers . Season 2 premiered on September 22 , 2010 , with 8.35 million viewers . Season 3 , consisting of 15 episodes , was originally slated to premiere in November 2011 but , because of ABC 's promotion of the ill-fated Man Up ! , it premiered on February 14 , 2012 . Following the Season 3 finale , it was announced that TBS had purchased the rights to the series for an additional 15-episode season , to air in 2013 , with options for additional seasons . On March 25 , 2013 , TBS renewed the series for a fifth season of 13 episodes , which premiered on January 7 , 2014 . On May 10 , 2014 , TBS renewed Cougar Town for a sixth and final season . Season six premiered on January 6 , 2015 , and the series concluded on March 31 , 2015 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "6ef4aa4782f2041b074d1bfdf2d71560", "text": "Parenthood (season 6) The sixth and final season of the American television series Parenthood premiered on September 25 , 2014 and concluded on January 29 , 2015 . The season order consists of 13 episodes . As part of the budget cuts made by NBC so that the series would have a sixth season , none of the main cast members appear in every episode . The season five budget was reportedly $ 3.5 million per episode , but the season six budget was only $ 3 million per episode .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1fa77dd981165cba6f090393a8f5588", "text": "Run of the House Run of the House is a sitcom on The WB , that aired between September 2003 and May 2004 . Nineteen episodes were produced but only sixteen were aired before the show was cancelled . The show was about a family of four siblings , whose parents moved from Grand Rapids , Michigan , to Arizona , because the weather would be better there for their father 's health . But they left the mostly-grown children to stay in their old house and look after themselves , with the 3 eldest siblings also having to deal with raising their 15-year-old sister , Brooke . There was also a nosy neighbor named Mrs. Norris who often popped in unannounced to check up on them .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1bd8301ae412a918c4bc93dd1b35274e", "text": "Good & Evil Good & Evil is an American sitcom which was broadcast in the United States on ABC from September 25 , 1991 until October 30 , 1991 . The series was created by Susan Harris , and produced by Witt/Thomas/Harris Productions in association with Touchstone Television .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64d78af8798b23a8edd83e91db8d51d9", "text": "Girls (TV series) Girls is an American television series that premiered on HBO on April 15 , 2012 . Created by and starring Lena Dunham and executive produced by Judd Apatow , Girls is a comedy-drama following the lives of four young women living in New York City . The show 's premise and major aspects of the main character were drawn from Dunham 's own life . The series has received a positive response from critics and consistent accolades , including the 2013 Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series -- Musical or Comedy . Girls sixth and final season concluded on April 16 , 2017 , with a total of 62 episodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bec0bd8fe55ce7881de30bfee2b31dc4", "text": "Brian Van Holt Brian Van Holt ( born July 6 , 1969 ) is an American actor . He is known for playing Bobby Cobb on the ABC sitcom Cougar Town .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "92a4e39f0d5c1ed5d651b52039dea92a", "text": "Vacation Playhouse Vacation Playhouse was an American comedy and drama which was broadcast during the Summer months on CBS from July 22 , 1963 -- August 21 , 1967 . The series aired fifty episodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e639166130d4b4f728c0c8ebd536f265", "text": "Everybody Loves Raymond Everybody Loves Raymond is an American television sitcom starring Ray Romano , Patricia Heaton , Brad Garrett , Doris Roberts , Peter Boyle , Madylin Sweeten , and Monica Horan . It premiered on CBS on September 13 , 1996 , and concluded on May 16 , 2005 after nine seasons . Many of the situations from the show could be inspired by the real-life experiences of Romano , creator/producer Phil Rosenthal , and the show 's writing staff . The main characters on the series might possibly be loosely based on Romano and Rosenthal 's real-life family members .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e7c0bfc8f20a1c2a5313f9219913939e", "text": "Another Simpsons Clip Show `` Another Simpsons Clip Show '' is the third episode of The Simpsons ' sixth season . It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on September 25 , 1994 . In the episode , Marge reads a romance novel in bed , and it prompts her to have a family meeting , where the Simpson family recall their past loves in form of clips from previous episodes . The episode was written by Jon Vitti ( credited as `` Penny Wise '' ) and directed by David Silverman . It is the second The Simpsons episode featuring a clip show format and uses clips from all the previous five seasons . The episode features cultural references to the 1992 book The Bridges of Madison County and the 1967 film The Graduate . The episode has received rather negative reviews , since clip shows tend to be the least favorite episodes among fans . It acquired a Nielsen rating of 8.7 and was the fourth highest rated show on the Fox network that week .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff534f34c24d6d732429f33a71cbd0a1", "text": "Clair Huxtable Clair Olivia Huxtable ( née Hanks ) is a fictional character who appears in the American sitcom The Cosby Show . Portrayed by actress Phylicia Rashad , Clair , the wife of Dr. Cliff Huxtable and mother of their five children , is the matriarch of the show 's central Huxtable family . Working as a lawyer , Clair values the importance of maintaining a successful career while running a formidable household . The character debuted alongside most of her family in The Cosby Show 's pilot , `` Theo 's Economic Lesson '' , which premiered on September 20 , 1984 . Created by comedian Bill Cosby , Clair is based on Cosby 's own wife , Camille . Cosby originally intended for the character to be a plumber , but the producers and Camille ultimately convinced him to rewrite her into a lawyer to reflect a family that closer resembled their own . At one point , Clair had also been envisioned as a Dominican housewife who speaks Spanish when frustrated , inspired by Ricky Ricardo from the sitcom I Love Lucy , but this idea was also abandoned . Rashad , originally credited as Phylicia Allers-Allen , won the role by exhibiting a subtlety in her audition that other candidates lacked . After marrying husband Ahmad Rashad and adopting his surname , Rashad became pregnant with their child during the show 's third season , thus requiring her to conceal her pregnancy during tapings . Typically playing straight woman to Cosby 's humorous Cliff , Rashad 's character began to adopt more comedic material during the show 's second season , although she maintains her disciplinarian status within her own household . Since The Cosby Show 's inception , Cosby had always intended for Clair to reflect the ways in which women 's roles have evolved in both the home and workplace . Clair is depicted as a hardworking career woman with strong feminist principles , most evident in the character 's early confrontations with chauvinistic son-in-law Elvin . One particularly memorable interaction , dubbed Clair 's `` feminist rant '' by the media , has become so popular that the scene continues to be heavily circulated on the Internet and social media , 30 years after its initial appearance . Both Clair 's role and Rashad 's performance have garnered significant acclaim ; Clair was the series ' only main character who avoided criticisms that regularly plagued other aspects of The Cosby Show . Rashad was nominated for two Emmy Awards for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series . Despite the actress ' continued success , Clair remains the role for which Rashad is best known , credited with establishing her as a television icon . A feminist icon , Clair is revered as one of television 's most beloved mothers ; as one of television 's first working mothers , the character 's profound influence on African-American women and female lawyers in television has been dubbed the `` Clair Huxtable effect '' . However , in light of several recent sexual assault allegations made against Cosby , some critics have begun to question the comedian 's intentions behind creating Clair .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dcb7a7fcdbfcda06db1e4c72fb2ec3dc", "text": "Mayor of the Town (TV series) Mayor of the Town was an American sitcom and drama which aired in 1954 . The series was based on the 1942 radio series of the same name .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15a67489d3025ff5b6dab468826a7a0c", "text": "List of Melrose Place episodes Melrose Place , a primetime soap opera created by Darren Star , premiered on July 8 , 1992 on Fox network in the United States and ended on May 24 , 1999 . The show spans seven seasons of 226 episodes , and one special aired in 1995 . Each episode was approximately 45 minutes long ( without commercials ) though there were several double or two-part episodes that were shown as feature length 85 to 90 minute episodes The complete series of Melrose Place has been released on DVD in the United States ( Region 1 ) from 2006 to 2012 , with the final season having been released on July 31 , 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "099ee3a77bbfd07b11206802b6634ecd", "text": "Desperate Housewives Desperate Housewives is an American television comedy-drama and mystery series created by Marc Cherry , and produced by ABC Studios and Cherry Productions . It originally aired for eight seasons on ABC , from October 3 , 2004 to May 13 , 2012 . Executive producer Cherry served as showrunner . Other executive producers since the fourth season included Bob Daily , George W. Perkins , John Pardee , Joey Murphy , David Grossman , and Larry Shaw . Set on Wisteria Lane , a street in the fictional town of Fairview in the fictional Eagle State , Desperate Housewives follows the lives of a group of women as seen through the eyes of their late friend and neighbor who committed suicide in the pilot episode . The storyline covers 13 years of the women 's lives over eight seasons , set between the years 2004 -- 2008 , and later 2013 -- 2017 ( the story arc includes a five-year passage of time , as well as flashbacks ranging from the 1980s to the 2020s ) . They work through domestic struggles and family life , while facing the secrets , crimes and mysteries hidden behind the doors of their -- on the surface -- beautiful and seemingly perfect suburban neighborhood . The series features an ensemble cast , headed by Teri Hatcher as Susan Mayer , Felicity Huffman as Lynette Scavo , Marcia Cross as Bree Van de Kamp , and Eva Longoria as Gabrielle Solis . Brenda Strong narrates the series as the late Mary Alice Young , appearing sporadically in flashbacks or dream sequences . Desperate Housewives was well received by viewers and critics alike . It won multiple Primetime Emmy , Golden Globe and Screen Actors Guild Awards . From the 2004 -- 05 through the 2008 -- 09 television seasons , its first five seasons were rated amongst the top ten most-watched series . In 2007 , it was reported to be the most popular show in its demographic worldwide , with an audience of approximately 120 million and was also reported as the third most watched television series in a study of ratings in twenty countries . In 2012 , it remained the most-watched comedy series internationally based on data from Eurodata TV Worldwide , which measured ratings across five continents ; it has held this position since 2006 . Moreover , it was the third highest revenue earning series for 2010 , with $ 2.74 million per half an hour . The show was ranked at number fifty-six on Entertainment Weekly `` New TV Classics '' list . In 2011 , it was confirmed that Desperate Housewives would conclude after its eighth season ; the series finale aired on May 13 , 2012 . By the end of the series , it had surpassed Charmed as the longest running hour-long television series featuring all female leads by two episodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ed9d5168a39e6617abe161d31799aab4", "text": "Cashmere Mafia Cashmere Mafia is an American drama television series which ran on ABC from January 6 , 2008 to February 20 , 2008 . The series was created by Kevin Wade , who also served as executive producer alongside Darren Star , Gail Katz , Jeff Rake and Michael Pressman , with Susie Fitzgerald co-executive producing . Peyton Reed directed the pilot . ABC decided not to renew the series for a second season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47304acb20d34e43d39ecf7a18dd13f8", "text": "List of A Different World characters A Different World is a spin-off from the American television sitcom The Cosby Show . It aired on NBC for six seasons , from 1987 to 1993 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ebdc4207a33c0eee70dda1fe8150dacc", "text": "The MacKenzies of Paradise Cove The MacKenzies of Paradise Cove ( also known as Wonderland Cove ) is an American six-episode drama miniseries which aired on ABC during the 1978 -- 79 season from March 27 to May 18 , 1979 , following a television film pilot titled Stickin ' Together that aired earlier in 1978 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "068a825cc35f4c49273241455a725106", "text": "List of George Lopez episodes George Lopez is an American television sitcom that ran on the American Broadcasting Company ( ABC ) from March 27 , 2002 , to May 8 , 2007 , with a total of 120 episodes produced over the course of 6 seasons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7715c6d2158d1664e14b3fe0bf7fe7b7", "text": "The Simpsons The Simpsons is an American animated sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company . The series is a satirical depiction of working-class life epitomized by the Simpson family , which consists of Homer , Marge , Bart , Lisa , and Maggie . The show is set in the fictional town of Springfield and parodies American culture , society , television , and the human condition . The family was conceived by Groening shortly before a solicitation for a series of animated shorts with producer James L. Brooks . Groening created a dysfunctional family and named the characters after members of his own family , substituting Bart for his own name . The shorts became a part of The Tracey Ullman Show on April 19 , 1987 . After a three-season run , the sketch was developed into a half-hour prime time show and became an early hit for Fox , becoming the network 's first series to land in the Top 30 ratings in a season ( 1989 -- 90 ) . Since its debut on December 17 , 1989 , episodes of The Simpsons have been broadcast . Its 28th season began on September 25 , 2016 . It is the longest-running American sitcom and the longest-running American animated program , and , in 2009 , it surpassed Gunsmoke as the longest-running American scripted primetime television series . The Simpsons Movie , a feature-length film , was released in theaters worldwide on July 27 , 2007 , and grossed over $ 527 million . On November 4 , 2016 , the series was renewed for a twenty-ninth and thirtieth season of 22 episodes each , extending the show to 2019 . The Simpsons received widespread critical acclaim throughout its first nine seasons , which are generally considered its `` Golden Age '' . Time named it the 20th century 's best television series , and Erik Adams of The A.V. Club named it `` television 's crowning achievement regardless of format '' . On January 14 , 2000 , the Simpson family was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . It has won dozens of awards since it debuted as a series , including 31 Primetime Emmy Awards , 30 Annie Awards , and a Peabody Award . Homer 's exclamatory catchphrase `` D'oh ! '' has been adopted into the English language , while The Simpsons has influenced many adult-oriented animated sitcoms . Despite this , the show has also been criticized for what many perceive as a decline in quality over the years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "efff59fa556ac03dfc36845ad3d2f939", "text": "Sunset Beach (TV series) Sunset Beach is an American television soap opera that aired on NBC from January 6 , 1997 to December 31 , 1999 . The show follows the loves and lives of the people living in the Orange County coastal area named Sunset Beach , on the coast of California . Although there is a town in California called Sunset Beach , the show 's beach scenes were shot on nearby Seal Beach . The show was co-produced by NBC and Spelling Television . Sunset Beach won two Daytime Emmy Awards and was nominated another eleven times . The show also received twenty-two nominations for various other awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "10297d1afc5fe5270fadaabab740b06b", "text": "Private Lives of Nashville Wives Private Lives of Nashville Wives is an American reality television series that premiered on February 24 , 2014 , and aired on TNT . The series revolves around the social circle of six women who reside in Nashville , Tennessee .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3224c4b78139d356b39a7ff6f7e357b7", "text": "Celebrity Rehab with Dr. Drew Celebrity Rehab with Dr. Drew , later called simply Rehab with Dr. Drew , is a reality television show that aired on the cable network VH1 in which many of the episodes chronicle a group of well-known people as they are treated for alcohol and drug addiction by Dr. Drew Pinsky and his staff at the Pasadena Recovery Center in Pasadena , California . The first five seasons of the series , on which Pinsky also serves as executive producer , cast celebrities struggling with addiction , with the first season premiering on January 10 , 2008 , and the fifth airing in 2011 . The sixth season , which filmed in early 2012 , featured non-celebrities as treatment subjects , and the series name shortened to Rehab with Dr. Drew . Season 6 premiered on September 16 , 2012 . In May 2013 , Pinsky announced that season six was the final season , explaining that he was tired of the criticism leveled at him after celebrities he treated had relapsed into addiction and died .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "646937a607c629c62ea372227fd8b6a7", "text": "Susan Sarandon Susan Abigail Sarandon ( -LSB- səˈrændən -RSB- née Tomalin ; born October 4 , 1946 ) is an American actress and activist . She is an Academy Award and BAFTA Award winner who is also known for her social and political activism for a variety of causes . She was appointed a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador in 1999 and received the Action Against Hunger Humanitarian Award in 2006 . Sarandon began her career in the 1970 film Joe , before appearing in the soap opera A World Apart ( 1970 -- 71 ) . In 1975 , she starred in the cult classic film The Rocky Horror Picture Show . She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for Atlantic City ( 1980 ) , Thelma & Louise ( 1991 ) , Lorenzo 's Oil ( 1992 ) , and The Client ( 1994 ) , before winning for Dead Man Walking ( 1995 ) . She has also won the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role for The Client , and the Screen Actors Guild Award for Best Actress for Dead Man Walking . Her other films include : Pretty Baby ( 1978 ) , The Hunger ( 1983 ) , The Witches of Eastwick ( 1987 ) , Bull Durham ( 1988 ) , White Palace ( 1990 ) , Little Women ( 1994 ) , Stepmom ( 1998 ) , Enchanted ( 2007 ) , The Lovely Bones ( 2009 ) , Tammy ( 2014 ) , and The Meddler ( 2015 ) . She made her Broadway debut in An Evening with Richard Nixon in 1972 and went on to receive Drama Desk Award nominations for the Off-Broadway plays , A Coupla White Chicks Sitting Around Talking ( 1979 ) and Extremities ( 1982 ) . She returned to Broadway in the 2009 revival of Exit the King . On television , she is a five-time Emmy Award nominee , including for her guest roles on the sitcoms Friends ( 2001 ) and Malcolm in the Middle ( 2002 ) , and the TV films Bernard and Doris ( 2007 ) and You Do n't Know Jack ( 2010 ) . In 2017 , Sarandon portrayed Bette Davis in the first season of FX 's anthology series Feud .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "43b952be9977c135e8c98dbbbdf16134", "text": "British Academy Television Awards 2010 The 2010 British Academy Television Awards were held on 6 June 2010 . The nominations were announced on 10 May . This year new awards were added including the award for Best Actor/Actress in a Supporting Role . Graham Norton hosted the ceremony . Winners are in bold .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "316f165dfb80825179139bab0f6775bb", "text": "Susan Browning Susan Brown Browning ( February 25 , 1941 -- April 23 , 2006 ) was an American actress . Browning was born in Baldwin , New York . She attended Penn State University where she was a member of Kappa Alpha Theta . She was nominated for two Tony Awards : for Best Actress in a Musical for Company in 1971 and for Best Featured Actress in a Musical for Goodtime Charley in 1975 . She was also featured on Broadway in the musicals Big River and Shelter , as well as several plays . Browning played one of the nuns in the 1992 movie Sister Act , as well as its 1993 sequel Sister Act 2 : Back in the Habit . Her television work included appearances on Law & Order , One Life to Live , Mary Hartman , Mary Hartman , The Monkees , The Girl From U.N.C.L.E. , and The Wild Wild West .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57fa02595e2d219579ab7e8c4afddfd8", "text": "52nd Academy Awards The 52nd Academy Awards were presented April 14 , 1980 , at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles . The ceremonies were presided over by Johnny Carson who , in noting the long duration of the production , joked that President Jimmy Carter was working hard for their `` release '' from the ceremonies , a clear reference to the Iranian hostage crisis . Among the nominees for Best Supporting Actor were 8 year-old Justin Henry -- the youngest Best Supporting Actor nominee ever -- and 79-year-old Melvyn Douglas . This was the largest age difference between two competing actors in Oscar history until 2013 . Ironically , their age difference was partially the reason why Douglas did not attend the Oscars that night , despite winning the award . Henry was nominated for Kramer vs. Kramer , which out of its eight other nominations , finished with five awards , including Best Picture , Best Director for Robert Benton , and Best Actor for Dustin Hoffman .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d3f56123540da179ece607c09c505eb", "text": "48th Academy Awards The 48th Academy Awards were presented March 29 , 1976 at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion , Los Angeles . The ceremonies were presided over by Walter Matthau , Robert Shaw , George Segal , Goldie Hawn , and Gene Kelly . This year , ABC took over broadcast rights from NBC , and continues to broadcast them today . ( NBC 's coverage of the 1976 NCAA Final Four aired opposite the ceremony ; during the presentation of the Best Film Editing award , the winner was jokingly announced ( by presenter Elliott Gould ) as `` Indiana , 86 -- 68 '' ; the Indiana Hoosiers had won the NCAA Final Four that night . ) Miloš Forman 's One Flew Over the Cuckoo 's Nest made a `` clean sweep '' of the major categories : Best Picture , Best Actor , Best Actress , Best Director and Best Screenplay ( Adapted ) . It was the second of three films to date to accomplish the sweep , following It Happened One Night in 1934 and preceding The Silence of the Lambs in 1991 . French actress Isabelle Adjani received her first nomination for Best Actress this year , making Adjani , 20 at the time , the youngest actress to be nominated in the leading actress category , breaking the record set by 22-year-old Elizabeth Hartman in 1967 . This record would later be surpassed by 13-year-old Keisha Castle-Hughes in 2004 , and again in 2013 by nine-year old Quvenzhane Wallis . Adjani also presented the Best Film Editing award that night along with Gould who delivered the Indiana joke during the presentation . At age 80 , George Burns became the oldest acting and Best Supporting Actor awardee , a record which stood until Jessica Tandy won Best Actress in 1989 . For males , Burns was succeeded by Christopher Plummer , who won Best Supporting Actor in 2012 for Beginners at the age of 82 . Jaws was followed 25 years later by Traffic for a film that won all its nominations except Best Picture . Jaws is one of the few films to be nominated for Best Picture but not for directing , acting , or writing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2f49108d88ce72b029acc0d3f6cefe7", "text": "San Diego Film Critics Society Award for Best Film The San Diego Film Critics Society Award for Best Film ( or Picture ) is an award given by the San Diego Film Critics Society to honor the best film of the year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8b55fbc959de57831027e30951445ac", "text": "1988 Academy Awards 1988 Academy Awards may refer to : 60th Academy Awards , the Academy Awards ceremony that took place in 1988 61st Academy Awards , the 1989 ceremony honoring the best in film for 1988", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb6da3ade65f4b41ad2c6afb050947a9", "text": "15th Academy Awards The 15th Academy Awards was held in the Cocoanut Grove at The Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles . Best Picture honors went to the film Mrs. Miniver . The ceremony is most famous for the speech by the film 's Oscar-winning actress Greer Garson . Garson 's acceptance speech as Best Actress ran nearly 6 minutes and is generally considered to be the longest acceptance speech at an Academy Awards ceremony . Mrs. Miniver was the second film ( after My Man Godfrey in 1936 ) to receive nominations in all four acting categories , as well as the first film to garner five acting nominations . Also notable at the ceremony , Irving Berlin presented the Academy Award for Best Song , which he ended up winning for `` White Christmas '' . Best Documentary had four winners , something that has not happened before or since . A portion of the ceremony was broadcast by CBS Radio .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "040d3fbf478f304cc3b978947bad5eb2", "text": "Susan Ursitti Susan Ursitti is an American actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c2ee1995bddb99a3d78a9eb30dd9f58", "text": "César Award for Best Supporting Actress The César Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role ( French : César de la meilleure actrice dans un second rôle ) is one of the César Awards , presented annually by the Académie des Arts et Techniques du Cinéma to recognize the outstanding performance in a supporting role of an actress who has worked within the French film industry during the year preceding the ceremony . Nominees and winner are selected via a run-off voting by all the members of the Académie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e61bc90d092b50e960c5d5691d7a3f4f", "text": "The Three Faces of Eve The Three Faces of Eve is a 1957 American mystery drama film presented in CinemaScope , based on a book by psychiatrists Corbett H. Thigpen and Hervey M. Cleckley , who also helped write the screenplay . It was based on their case of Chris Costner Sizemore , also known as Eve White , a woman they suggested might suffer from dissociative identity disorder ( multiple personality disorder ) . Sizemore 's identity was concealed in interviews and this film , and was not revealed to the public until 1975 . The film is directed by Nunnally Johnson . Joanne Woodward won the Academy Award for Best Actress , making her the first actress to win an Oscar for portraying three different personalities ( Eve White , Eve Black and Jane ) . The Three Faces of Eve also became the first film since 1936 to win the Best Actress award without getting nominated in another category after Bette Davis won for Dangerous .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d4b8f1aba9dc803d1cf199d65be6e3e6", "text": "Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play The Tony Award for Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role in a Play is an honor presented at the Tony Awards , a ceremony established in 1947 as the Antoinette Perry Awards for Excellence in Theatre , to actors for quality leading roles in a Broadway play . The awards are named after Antoinette Perry , an American actress who died in 1946 . Honors in several categories are presented at the ceremony annually by the Tony Award Productions , a joint venture of The Broadway League and the American Theatre Wing , to `` honor the best performances and stage productions of the previous year . '' Despite the award first being presented in 1947 , there were no nominees announced until 1956 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8461f25d4e45c16c4e94aa88fca9453", "text": "Susan Hayward Susan Hayward ( June 30 , 1917 -- March 14 , 1975 ) was an American actress . After working as a fashion model , Hayward traveled to Hollywood in 1937 . She secured a film contract and played several small supporting roles over the next few years . By the late 1940s , the quality of her film roles had improved , and she achieved recognition for her dramatic abilities with the first of five Academy Award nominations for Best Actress for her performance as an alcoholic in Smash-Up , the Story of a Woman ( 1947 ) . Her career continued successfully through the 1950s and she received subsequent nominations for My Foolish Heart ( 1949 ) , With a Song in My Heart ( 1952 ) , and I 'll Cry Tomorrow ( 1955 ) . She finally won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her portrayal of death-row inmate Barbara Graham in I Want to Live ! ( 1958 ) . After Hayward 's second marriage and subsequent move to Georgia , her film appearances became infrequent , although she continued acting in film and television until 1972 . She died in 1975 of brain cancer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06bee763ab88bf322c23edce2ef326cd", "text": "Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards 2014 The 20th Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards honoring the best in film for 2014 were announced on December 15 , 2014 . These awards `` recognizing extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association ( DFWFCA ) , based in the Dallas -- Fort Worth metroplex region of Texas . The organization , founded in 1990 , includes 30 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications based in north Texas . The Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association began presenting its annual awards list in 1993 . Birdman was the DFWFCA 's most awarded film of 2014 , taking five top honors . Birdman won in Best Picture , Best Actor ( Michael Keaton ) , Best Director ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu ) , Best Cinematography ( Emmanuel Lubezki ) , and Best Screenplay ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu , Nicolás Giacobone , Alexander Dinelaris Jr. , and Armando Bo ) . Another film , Boyhood , earned multiple 2014 honors from the DFWFCA . The coming-of-age tale received top honors in the Best Supporting Actress ( Patricia Arquette ) as well as being presented the Russell Smith Award as the `` best low-budget or cutting-edge independent film '' of the year . The award is named in honor of late Dallas Morning News film critic Russell Smith . Reese Witherspoon was named Best Actress for her role as Cheryl Strayed in Wild . The other films earning honors were Sweden 's Force Majeure for Best Foreign Language Film , Citizenfour as Best Documentary Film , and The Lego Movie for Best Animated Film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09551e69ac34e60adae141376a84bd37", "text": "List of submissions to the 66th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film The 66th Academy Awards , which were held on March 21 , 1994 , saw 35 countries submit films for competition in the Best Foreign Language Film category . The Academy had initially invited 57 countries to send their best films , and the submission deadline was set on November 22 , 1993 . While the rules were basically unchanged , the applications for the 66th Academy Awards included a new form requesting information about the nationalities of the film 's creative team , due to the controversy that had led to the disqualification of A Place in the World at the 65th Academy Awards . The bolded titles were the five nominated films , which came from Hong Kong , Spain , Taiwan , the United Kingdom and Vietnam . It was the first time that the majority of the nominees in this category came from outside Europe ( it happened again in 1997 , 2006 and 2011 ) and is the only time when there have been three Asian nominees . Vietnam made history by becoming the only Southeast Asian country ever to be nominated in this category ( accurate as of 2013 ) . The prize was ultimately awarded to Spain for the romantic comedy , Belle Epoque .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e144a84d3189608fb5196972149e932", "text": "List of Italian Academy Award winners and nominees This is a list of Italian Academy Award winners and nominees . This list details the performances of Italian filmmakers , actors , actress and films that have either been submitted , nominated or have won an Academy Award . The winners reported here are 42 , adding to them the 14 Best Foreign Language Film victories , that are reported in another list , the total sum is 56 . This means that Italy is the non English speaking country with most Academy Awards won .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2de615d218764aca1039ae71fbcd70db", "text": "20th Satellite Awards The 20th Satellite Awards is an award ceremony honoring the year 's outstanding performers , films , and television shows , presented by the International Press Academy . It took place on February 21 , 2016 . The nominations were announced on December 1 , 2015 . The film The Martian leads all nominees with nine , including Best Film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b0ef1af1be3b23fc2a82cb1be7f28903", "text": "List of Malaysian submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film Malaysia is one of more than a hundred countries that have sent films to compete for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film since 2004 . The Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film is handed out annually by the United States Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to a feature-length motion picture produced outside the United States that contains primarily non-English dialogue . As of 2016 , a total of four films have been submitted for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film , but none has yet received an Oscar nomination . The Princess of Mount Ledang was the first film to be submitted in 2003 , since then no other films that was submitted until 2012 , a film directed by Dain Said Bunohan was sent to compete , but it failed to set out as the nominee . For the 88th Academy Awards , Men Who Save the World was decided by National Film Development Corporation Malaysia ( FINAS ) to be submitted , affiliated with Malaysian Ministry of Communications and Multimedia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18a75c5ad0c17a861ba966e0fbe71d59", "text": "BAFTA Award for Best Film The BAFTA Award for Best Film is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . It has been given since the 1st BAFTA Awards , representing the best films of 1947 , but until 1969 it was called the BAFTA Award for Best Film From Any Source . It is possible for films from any country to be nominated , although British films are also recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best British Film and ( since 1983 ) foreign-language films in BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language . As such , there have been multiple occasions of a film being nominated in two of these categories . There has been one tie for the Best Film award when , in 1962 , Ballad of a Soldier tied with The Hustler for Best Film from any Source . Until 1981 , the award was given to the director , except in 1976 and 1977 , when it was given to the producers . From 1981 to 1985 , it was given solely to the producers , and then in 1986 , it was shared between the Director and Producer . In 1998 , it was once again given to only the producers . In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b669d0ba5e944cea5535775e81d643bd", "text": "NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Independent Motion Picture This page lists the winners and nominees for the NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Independent Motion Picture . This award has been given since 2005 and several films have been nominated for or won the Academy Award for Best Picture . These are listed with a symbol beside them .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9924f378e29c2ba9ce82e2972ecdcaa2", "text": "List of actors nominated for two Academy Awards in the same year The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences has had occurrences of actors and actresses nominated for two different Academy Awards in acting categories in a single year , with the first instance in 1938 . Provided that they receive enough votes from the Academy in both categories to earn a nomination , there are no restrictions on actors being nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor and Best Supporting Actor or actresses being nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress in any given year . The sole rule with regard to multiple nominations is that an actor or actress can not receive multiple nominations for the same performance . This rule was introduced in 1944 after Barry Fitzgerald received a Best Actor nomination and a Best Supporting Actor nomination for his performance in Going My Way . As of 2015 , 11 actors and actresses have been nominated for two different Academy Awards in the same year . The first of these actors and actresses was Fay Bainter , who received nominations for her performances in White Banners and Jezebel at the 11th Academy Awards . The most recent occurrence was during the 80th Academy Awards , in which Cate Blanchett received nominations for Elizabeth : The Golden Age and I 'm Not There . Seven of these actors and actresses received an Academy Award in one of the categories they were nominated in , and none have won two Academy Awards in the same year . Four did not receive an Academy Award in either category : Sigourney Weaver ( nominations for Gorillas in the Mist and Working Girl ) , Emma Thompson ( nominations for The Remains of the Day and In the Name of the Father ) , Julianne Moore ( nominations for Far from Heaven and The Hours ) , and Cate Blanchett ( nominations for Elizabeth : The Golden Age and I 'm Not There ) .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "f17e743f5243bcf1f1e417f9c146b69a", "text": "Home Alone Home Alone is a 1990 American Christmas comedy film written and produced by John Hughes and directed by Chris Columbus . The film stars Macaulay Culkin as Kevin McCallister , a boy who is mistakenly left behind when his family flies to Paris for their Christmas vacation . Kevin initially relishes being home alone , but soon has to contend with two would-be burglars played by Joe Pesci and Daniel Stern . The film also features Catherine O'Hara and John Heard as Kevin 's parents . Culkin was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor -- Musical or Comedy . After its release , Home Alone became the highest-grossing live action comedy film of all time in the United States , and also held the record worldwide until it was overtaken by The Hangover Part II in 2011 . It is the highest grossing Christmas movie of all time at the North American box office ( when adjusted for inflation ) . Home Alone has spawned a successful film franchise with four sequels , including the 1992 film Home Alone 2 : Lost in New York , the only Home Alone sequel to have the original cast reprising their roles .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "daa84526ab380a51a8e0a6d5f3f7b9c0", "text": "Every Day's Like Christmas `` Every Day 's Like Christmas '' is a song by Australian recording artist Kylie Minogue , taken from her thirteenth studio album and first Holiday album , Kylie Christmas ( 2015 ) . It was written by Chris Martin , the frontman of the British alternative rock band , Coldplay and Stargate , who also produced . Martin also sings the backing vocals of the song . The song is an electronic pop ballad where Minogue describes her compassion towards her partner on Christmas Day . It contains elements of modern electronic music and Christmas music . A remix version by Stock Aitken Waterman was released as the third single from the album on 2 December 2015 . Critical reception towards `` Every Day 's Like Christmas '' has been positive ; some critics highlighted it as an album stand out , while many commended the song 's production and Martin 's involvement . The song has been subjected , primarily from the British media , as a contender for the United Kingdom Christmas number one of 2015 . A music video was directed by David Lopez-Edwards , showing Minogue , her friends , and her boyfriend , British actor Joshua Sasse , enjoying Christmas Day in her London home . The song was performed at her live Christmas show at the Royal Albert Hall on 11 December 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0968c0952ee725fdd621cb7398b96d5b", "text": "Honky Tonk Christmas Honky Tonk Christmas is the first Christmas album by country music artist Alan Jackson , and was released on October 12 , 1993 . The title track , `` A Holly Jolly Christmas '' and `` I Only Want You for Christmas '' charted on the Hot Country Songs charts . `` Please , Daddy ( Do n't Get Drunk This Christmas ) '' was originally recorded by John Denver for his 1973 album Farewell Andromeda . Jackson 's version of `` A Holly Jolly Christmas '' first appeared on the soundtrack to the 1992 film Home Alone 2 : Lost in New York , while `` Santa 's Gon na Come in a Pickup Truck '' was also included on the 1994 Alvin and the Chipmunks album A Very Merry Chipmunk .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b0fc30a5739f8ff1b07ecb923fb65af3", "text": "Ho Ho Ho Ho Ho Ho , also known as VH-1 Presents RuPaul : Ho Ho Ho , is a 1997 Christmas album and third overall by American singer and drag queen RuPaul . It was released on October 28 , 1997 by Rhino ; it is RuPaul 's first album featuring Christmas music and serves as a follow-up to Foxy Lady ( 1996 ) . RuPaul co-produced the album with American music producers Fenton Bailey and Randy Barbato , who both work for the production company World of Wonder . Ho Ho Ho consists of ten tracks , including eleven covers of Christmas standards and carols , and three original songs written by Joe Carrano and the singer . The album was frequently referenced as an example of camp though RuPaul did specify that he recorded several more serious covers , specifically `` All Alone on Christmas '' and `` Hard Candy Christmas '' . Upon release , critics gave generally positive reviews of the album , praising its cheerful and humorous composition . However , some commentators responded negatively to the record 's use of humor and the clarity of its overall message . It was also included in a parody list discussing the alt-right , the `` War on Christmas '' , and bathroom bills . The album was moderately successful in the United States , peaking at number 27 on the Heatseekers Albums Billboard chart . It sold a little over 4,000 copies in one week . In support of the record , RuPaul filmed a television special as a part of his VH1 talk show The RuPaul Show ( 1996 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2198d97d4f4277352994021bca423bf2", "text": "Christmas Jollies Christmas Jollies is the third album released by Vincent Montana Jr. and his first Christmas album . It was recorded and released on Salsoul Records . The album includes a few new Christmas tunes , co-written by Vincent Montana , Jr. himself , entitled , `` There 's Someone Who 's Knocking At My Door '' with the children 's chorus singing , `` Merry Christmas All '' with his daughter , Denise Montana , singing the lead and `` Christmas Time '' with the sweet honeyed-voices of the session girl-group , The Sweethearts of Sigma that features group members Barbara Ingram , Evette Benton and Carla Benson . This highly successful album also includes disco renditions of `` The Little Drummer Boy '' , `` Sleigh Ride '' and so on , plus the orchestrated instrumental version of `` Silent Night '' . Side two is semi-instrumental with two different medleys , such as Christmas Medley with the family chorus singing and New Year 's Medley with The Salsoul Singers singing in the background .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "adfb4b9f7a27c77bd42f10fcc163a7cd", "text": "Messy Christmas Messy Christmas ( Meine schöne Bescherung ) is a 2007 German comedy film directed by Vanessa Jopp .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e531384eb46573145087f1520f557ec", "text": "Johnny Mathis discography Johnny Mathis has recorded 71 studio albums , 11 of which achieved sales of 500,000 units and were awarded Gold certification by the Recording Industry Association of America . Five of his greatest hits albums also accomplished this , and of these 16 Gold albums , six eventually went Platinum by reaching sales of one million copies . In 1999 , sales figures totaled five million for his first holiday LP , Merry Christmas , and three million for Johnny 's Greatest Hits , a 1958 collection that has been described as the `` original greatest-hits package '' and once held the record for most weeks on Billboard magazine 's album chart with a total of 490 ( three of which were spent at number one ) . His second longest album chart run was the 295 weeks belonging to his Platinum 1959 album Heavenly , which gave him five weeks in the top spot . In a ranking of the top album artists of the last half of the 1950s in terms of Billboard chart performance , he comes in at number two , for the 1960s , number 10 , and for the period from 1955 to 2009 he is at number six . The recurring appearance of Mathis holiday releases on the various album charts in Billboard began with 1958 's Merry Christmas , which peaked at number three during the four weeks it spent that holiday season on the magazine 's biggest album chart ( now known as the Billboard 200 ) and returned to place at various positions within the top 40 slots there for the next four years . When the magazine first had a separate chart for Christmas albums from 1963 to 1973 , Merry Christmas ranked somewhere in the top 10 on it for another seven years , and on the Top Pop Catalog chart that was created for older titles , it had eight return appearances during the 1990s . His Sounds of Christmas LP spent two weeks at number two on the Christmas Albums chart upon its 1963 release and re-charted for the next five years , and 1969 's Give Me Your Love for Christmas reached number one there during its first of several annual chart showings before achieving Platinum certification . Other notable holiday projects include Home for Christmas , a 1990 home video special that went platinum , and Sending You a Little Christmas , a 2013 release that earned him a Grammy nomination in the category of Best Traditional Pop Vocal Album . Mathis also recorded 43 songs that reached Billboard magazine 's Hot 100 chart in the United States and another nine that `` bubbled under '' the Hot 100 . Six of these 52 recordings made the top 10 , including 1957 's `` Chances Are '' and the 1978 Deniece Williams duet , `` Too Much , Too Little , Too Late '' , which each spent a week at number one , and 32 of them are also on the list of 50 entries that Mathis had on the magazine 's Easy Listening chart , which was started in 1961 . 19 of those 50 songs made the top 10 on that list , and two of them ( `` I 'm Coming Home '' and `` Too Much , Too Little , Too Late '' ) went on to number one . The Williams duet also spent four weeks at number one on the magazine 's R&B chart and was certified Gold after selling one million copies . In the UK Mathis spent three weeks at number one on the singles chart in 1976 with `` When a Child Is Born '' and had two compilations reached the top spot on the albums chart : 1977 's The Mathis Collection and 1980 's Tears and Laughter . `` Too Much , Too Little , Too Late '' and `` When a Child Is Born '' both achieved Silver certification for singles by the British Phonographic Industry for sales of 250,000 units in the UK , and the latter eventually reached the 500,000 mark to earn Gold certification . 16 of his LPs met the 60,000 album sales mark in the UK to be certified Silver , with eight of those going on to sell 100,000 copies for Gold certification and one of those eight ( The Johnny Mathis Collection , 1976 ) making it to the 300,000 total necessary for the Platinum award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a1fcb1bc2f24fa0b2f31e43d87b93de", "text": "Splitting Up Christmas `` Splitting Up Christmas '' , from the 2003 album Make the Clocks Move , is a UK Christmas single by Kevin Devine released in support of the 2009 Big Scary Monsters Christmas Tour . At each date on the tour , an exclusive CD single was sold , limited to 25 copies , hand-numbered and signed by Devine . Each date 's CD had its own exclusive B-side . On December 12 , 2009 , the title track was offered as a free MP3 download on the record label 's website . On December 17 , 2009 , the single was made available as a limited digital download with all nine B-sides , only available until December 31 , 2009 . Both the CDs and MP3 downloads are now unavailable .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ac825321e62d227dbd8faa54eaa6202", "text": "At Christmas (song) `` At Christmas '' is a song by Australian recording artist Kylie Minogue , from the 2016 Snow Queen Edition of her thirteenth studio album , Kylie Christmas ( 2015 ) . The song was released on 22 November 2016 by Parlophone . It serves as the lead single from the reissue , and premiered on The Chris Evans Breakfast Show on BBC Radio 2 . The song became BBC Radio 2 's Record of the Week .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57bae99035b4f3975109088bc1d75da8", "text": "Not So Silent Night ... Christmas with REO Speedwagon Not So Silent Night ... Christmas with REO Speedwagon is the sixteenth studio album by REO Speedwagon . It was released on November 3 , 2009 by Sony Music , two years after the band 's previous studio album , Find Your Own Way Home . On July 1 , 2010 , the album was re-released with three bonus tracks , and a DVD was released in a series from Sony Music called The Yule Log DVD , in which the music from `` Not So Silent Night ... Christmas with REO Speedwagon '' is featured with three different holiday visuals ( one of them the yule log of the series ' title ) . The original CD cover is featured on the DVD menu .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8396c4e9ad0dc3388b888350f586064", "text": "Christmas traditions Christmas traditions vary from country to country . Christmas celebrations for many nations include the installing and lighting of Christmas trees , the hanging of Advent wreaths , Christmas stockings , candy canes , and the creation of Nativity scenes depicting the birth of Jesus Christ . Christmas carols may be sung and stories told about such figures as the Baby Jesus , St Nicholas , Santa Claus , Father Christmas , Christkind or Grandfather Frost . The sending and exchange of Christmas card greetings , observance of fasting and special religious observances such as a midnight Mass or Vespers on Christmas Eve , the burning of a Yule log , and the giving and receiving of presents . Along with Easter , Christmas is one of the most important periods on the Christian calendar , and is often closely connected to other holidays at this time of year , such as Advent , the Feast of the Immaculate Conception , St Nicholas Day , St. Stephen 's Day , New Year 's , and the Feast of the Epiphany .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eac5aad5e4290105be6ecc48308b67d8", "text": "Christmas (Michael Bublé album) Christmas is the seventh studio album and fifth major label studio album released by Canadian singer Michael Bublé . The album was released on October 21 , 2011 in Ireland , October 24 , 2011 in the United Kingdom , and October 25 , 2011 in the United States . On the week ending December 10 , 2011 , Christmas rose to No. 1 on the Billboard 200 album sales chart , becoming Bublé 's third chart-topper following 2007 's Call Me Irresponsible and 2009 's Crazy Love , and spent five weeks at No. 1 . The album also won a Juno Award for Album of the Year , making it the first holiday album to win the award . The album was re-released on November 26 , 2012 , containing four additional tracks , including a new recording of `` The Christmas Song '' . Bublé also released a reworked version of `` White Christmas '' , this time featuring Shania Twain , as a single . This version premiered on Michael 's NBC television special , Home for the Holidays , on December 10 , 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f860c093c02902d876b2047a7a04d47c", "text": "You Just Gotta Love Christmas You Just Got ta Love Christmas ( 2004 ) is the eighth solo album by music artist Peter Cetera his seventh since leaving the group Chicago , and his first Christmas album . This album also is a bit of a family affair for Cetera as his youngest daughter Senna did some artwork for the album while his oldest daughter Claire performs with him on `` Blue Christmas '' and `` Winter Wonderland . '' Alison Krauss also performs with Cetera on `` Deck the Halls '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "419ca250fe3025a826bbdf27ca1376ab", "text": "Christmas with Sinatra & Friends Christmas with Sinatra & Friends is a 2009 compilation album by Frank Sinatra . Eight Sinatra songs are taken from A Jolly Christmas from Frank Sinatra and 12 Songs of Christmas . The remaining four tracks feature Rosemary Clooney ( `` White Christmas '' ) , Mel Tormé ( `` The Christmas Song -LSB- Chestnuts Roasting on an Open Fire -RSB- '' ) , Tony Bennett and Bill Evans ( `` A Child Is Born '' ) , and Ray Charles and Betty Carter ( `` Baby , It 's Cold Outside '' ) . Even though this compilation is relatively short , Christmas with Sinatra and Friends is a fairly solid collection of holiday music .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3dbaa07f3368189288b2a7b3d076e3dc", "text": "A Motown Christmas A Motown Christmas is a Christmas music compilation album , originally released as a 2-LP set by Motown Records in 1973 . It contains various seasonal singles and album tracks recorded by some of the label 's artists from the 1960s and early 1970s . Much of the music had previously been collected on the 1968 UK compilation Merry Christmas from Motown . The music has several times been recycled into different packagings . In 1992 , the album was reissued on compact disc , with all 24 tracks from the original album on one CD . In 1999 , a new single-CD version was released , with a bonus track by Marvin Gaye added ( `` I Want to Come Home for Christmas '' ) . A second compilation , A Motown Christmas , Volume 2 , was issued on CD in 2001 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d9e3b14069b985af813125197ccb637c", "text": "Today Is Christmas Today Is Christmas is a 2015 Christmas album by LeAnn Rimes . It features holiday classics and two original songs co-written by Rimes . The album has sold 35,700 copies in the United States as of January 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "397821971fbb5dbab536e2fc804293ed", "text": "Christmas Lights (song) `` Christmas Lights '' is a song by British alternative rock band Coldplay released on 1 December 2010 , as a digital download . Described by the band as `` a mid-tempo number '' in the key of G major , the song was released to very positive reviews . The cover art is by Yu Matsuoka Pol .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cab97388ec97d63d82d306ade6404916", "text": "Twelve Days of Christmas The Twelve Days of Christmas , also known as Twelvetide , is a festive Christian season celebrating the Nativity of Jesus Christ . In most Western ecclesiastical traditions , `` Christmas Day '' is considered the `` First Day of Christmas '' and the Twelve Days are 25 December -- 5 January , inclusive . For many Christian denominations ; for example , the Anglican Communion and Lutheran Church , the Twelve Days are identical to Christmastide , but for others , e.g. , the Roman Catholic Church , `` Christmastide '' lasts longer than the Twelve Days of Christmas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b7664452237aec9586c72833a1beb9b", "text": "Merry Christmas, Mrs. Moskowitz `` Merry Christmas , Mrs. Moskowitz '' is the tenth episode of Frasier 's sixth season . It first aired on NBC in the United States on December 17 , 1998 . In the episode , Frasier , while shopping for Christmas gifts meets a stylish Jewish woman , Helen Moskowitz , who asks him to take her daughter Faye on a blind date . This leads to a deepening relationship between each other . Helen on Christmas Eve makes a stop by Frasier 's apartment , unaware that he is not Jewish and so he and the family must pretend that they are to survive the visit . The episode was directed by Kelsey Grammer and was written by Jay Kogen . Amy Brenneman and Carole Shelley guest stars in the episode as Faye and Helen respectively . Since airing , the episode has received many positive reviews from television critics and fans .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "931f03e842f53118f1e5dd9a2ada8e6f", "text": "Snowfall: The Tony Bennett Christmas Album Snowfall : The Tony Bennett Christmas Album is a 1968 studio album by Tony Bennett , his first Christmas album . It was arranged and conducted by Robert Farnon . Even though they have been friends since the early 1950s , Bennett and Farnon had not recorded together before , Bennett having such reverence for Farnon 's work that he felt he `` was n't ready ... ( and ) not developed enough as an artist to record with him '' . Farnon , who normally recorded in London , came to New York City for one of the two sessions that produced this album . Six tracks were recorded at Columbia 's recording studios in New York City , and four in London . In Bennett 's autobiography , he recalls that the New York session was attended by such notable American arrangers as Don Costa , Marion Evans and Torrie Zito , all curious to see how Farnon worked . Quincy Jones subsequently threw a party for Farnon in New York City , and at the party there were so many famous musicians that Jones joked , `` If a bomb goes off in this apartment , there wo n't be any more records made ! '' The album was reissued on CD in 1994 , with new cover art and a bonus track , `` I 'll Be Home for Christmas '' , recorded during a live appearance by Bennett on The Jon Stewart Show . It was reissued once more in 2007 , again with different cover art and including a bonus DVD containing excerpts from Bennett 's 1992 television special Tony Bennett : A Family Christmas . Bennett later recorded two additional Christmas albums , Hallmark presents Christmas with Tony Bennett and the London Symphony Orchestra ( 2002 ) and A Swingin ' Christmas ( Featuring The Count Basie Big Band ) ( 2008 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6382b08c3953320cd7439b9834373150", "text": "Christmas Song Christmas Song may refer to : Christmas song , song performed or heard around the Christmas season `` Christmas Song '' ( Gilbert O'Sullivan song ) , 1974 song by Gilbert O'Sullivan Christmas Song ( album ) , 2007 album by Mannheim Steamroller `` The Christmas Song '' , 1945 song by Bob Wells and Mel Tormé The Christmas Song ( Nat King Cole album ) , or The Magic of Christmas , 1960 album by Nat King Cole The Christmas Song ( EP ) , 2014 EP by Jamey Johnson", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b8911fc5a12abc02d008fe491b3e68fb", "text": "Chitty Chitty Bang Bang Chitty Chitty Bang Bang is a 1968 British musical adventure fantasy film directed by Ken Hughes and written by Roald Dahl and Hughes , loosely based on Ian Fleming 's 1964 novel Chitty-Chitty-Bang-Bang : The Magical Car . The film stars Dick Van Dyke , Sally Ann Howes , Lionel Jeffries , James Robertson Justice , and Robert Helpmann as the main antagonist , the evil Childcatcher . The film was produced by Albert R. Broccoli ( co-producer of the James Bond series of films , also based on Fleming 's novels ) . John Stears supervised the special effects . Irwin Kostal supervised and conducted the music , while the musical numbers , written by Richard M. and Robert B. Sherman of Mary Poppins , were staged by Marc Breaux and Dee Dee Wood . The song `` Chitty Chitty Bang Bang '' was nominated for an Academy Award .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "f90f1f367d79fad23b9a526afcd83a22", "text": "Pan (2015 film) Pan is a 2015 British - American family adventure fantasy film directed by Joe Wright and written by Jason Fuchs . The film is a prequel story to Scottish author J. M. Barrie 's Peter Pan story , first staged in 1904 . It stars Hugh Jackman , Garrett Hedlund , Rooney Mara and Amanda Seyfried , with Levi Miller as the title character . It serves as an alternative origin story for Peter Pan and Captain Hook . The film had its world premiere in London , England on September 20 , 2015 , and was theatrically released in the United States on October 9 , 2015 , by Warner Bros. . Pictures . Pan grossed $ 128.4 million on a $ 150 million budget , making it a box office bomb . The film received negative reviews from critics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "92de842d2de777ad24787d857ad94102", "text": "Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy The Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture -- Musical or Comedy has been awarded annually since 1952 by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association ( HFPA ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c16c7c3689ca9c98b9cb137fe15a5e14", "text": "The Nutcracker Prince The Nutcracker Prince is a 1990 Canadian animated romantic fantasy film made by Lacewood Productions and released by Warner Bros. . Pictures . It was directed by Paul Schibli . The film was based on the story The Nutcracker and the Mouse King by E. T. A. Hoffmann and also influenced by its ballet adaptation The Nutcracker . Tchaikovsky 's music to that ballet is used as the main instrumental soundtrack . The film centers on a young man named Hans who is transformed into a nutcracker by mice , and can only break the spell if he slays the Mouse King and wins the heart of a girl named Clara . The film features the voice talents of Kiefer Sutherland as Hans ( The Nutcracker ) , Megan Follows as Clara , Mike MacDonald as the evil Mouseking , Peter O'Toole as Pantaloon , an old soldier , Phyllis Diller as the Mousequeen , and Peter Boretski as Uncle Drosselmeier .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5f4c32797741a74c1b25fa6d76b95ed", "text": "Toy Story (franchise) Toy Story is a computer animated film series and Disney media franchise that began with the original 1995 film , Toy Story , produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures . The franchise is based on the anthropomorphic concept that all toys , unknown to humans , are secretly alive , and the films focus on a diverse group of toys that feature a classic cowboy , Sheriff Woody , and modern spaceman , Buzz Lightyear . The group unexpectedly embark on adventures that challenge and change them . The first two films of the franchise were directed by John Lasseter , and the third by Lee Unkrich , who acted as the co-director of the second film ( together with Lasseter and Ash Brannon ) . Lasseter will return to direct the upcoming fourth film . All three films , produced on a total budget of $ 320 million , have grossed more than $ 1.9 billion worldwide . Each film set box office records , with the third included in the top 15 all time worldwide films . Critics have given all three films extremely positive reviews . Special Blu-ray and DVD editions of Toy Story and Toy Story 2 were released on March 23 , 2010 . They were also re-released in theaters as a Disney Digital 3-D `` double feature '' for at least two weeks in October 2009 . The series is the 24th highest-grossing franchise worldwide , the fifth highest-grossing animated franchise ( behind Shrek , Ice Age , Despicable Me and Madagascar ) , and is among the most critically acclaimed trilogies of all time . On November 1 , 2011 , all three Toy Story films were released in Disney Blu-ray 3D as a trilogy pack and as individual films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "78c16d4d649e4e21050d9db33ab9871a", "text": "C'est si bon (film) C'est si bon is a 2015 South Korean musical drama film written and directed by Kim Hyun-seok . It was released on February 5 , 2015 . C'est si bon ( French for `` It 's so good '' ) was a legendary , real-life acoustic music lounge in the 1970s located in Mugyo-dong , Seoul . It was very popular with Koreans in their twenties and thirties , who went there to listen to live music performed by some of the most talented young musicians of the era . Among them was the folk music duo Twin Folio composed of Yoon Hyung-joo and Song Chang-sik ; this film depicts the band 's beginnings while including a fictional third member , Oh Geun-tae .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18a75c5ad0c17a861ba966e0fbe71d59", "text": "BAFTA Award for Best Film The BAFTA Award for Best Film is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . It has been given since the 1st BAFTA Awards , representing the best films of 1947 , but until 1969 it was called the BAFTA Award for Best Film From Any Source . It is possible for films from any country to be nominated , although British films are also recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best British Film and ( since 1983 ) foreign-language films in BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language . As such , there have been multiple occasions of a film being nominated in two of these categories . There has been one tie for the Best Film award when , in 1962 , Ballad of a Soldier tied with The Hustler for Best Film from any Source . Until 1981 , the award was given to the director , except in 1976 and 1977 , when it was given to the producers . From 1981 to 1985 , it was given solely to the producers , and then in 1986 , it was shared between the Director and Producer . In 1998 , it was once again given to only the producers . In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "643c953650d3571601a282d48b84149b", "text": "Groundhog Day (film) Groundhog Day is a 1993 American fantasy-comedy film directed by Harold Ramis , starring Bill Murray , Andie MacDowell , and Chris Elliott . It was written by Ramis and Danny Rubin , based on a story by Rubin . Murray plays Phil Connors , an arrogant Pittsburgh TV weatherman who , during an assignment covering the annual Groundhog Day event in Punxsutawney , Pennsylvania , finds himself caught in a time loop , repeating the same day again and again . After indulging in hedonism and committing suicide numerous times , he begins to re-examine his life and priorities . On its release , Groundhog Day was a modest success and garnered generally positive reviews . It gained stronger appreciation among critics and film historians over time , and is now often listed among the best comedy films ever . It further entered into the public consciousness , where the term `` Groundhog Day '' can represent a situation that seems to repeat over and over in government and military arenas , as well as influencing other entertainment . In 2006 , the film was added to the United States National Film Registry as being deemed `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . A stage musical version of the film premiered in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "740ef35376a6aa47d7b8a223ea3e8c91", "text": "Bal Ganesh 2 Bal Ganesh 2 is a 2009 computer-animated musical feature film directed by Pankaj Sharma . The film is about the adventures of Lord Ganesh , the Hindu elephant-headed god , when he was a baby . This is the sequel of 2007 movie Bal Ganesh .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d62b83dc5fd0744252d6286fa33f623", "text": "Chicago (2002 film) Chicago is a 2002 American musical crime comedy film based on the musical of the same name , exploring the themes of celebrity , scandal , and corruption in Chicago during the Jazz Age . The film stars Catherine Zeta-Jones , Renée Zellweger and Richard Gere . Chicago centers on Velma Kelly ( Zeta-Jones ) and Roxie Hart ( Zellweger ) , two murderesses who find themselves in jail together awaiting trial in 1920s Chicago . Velma , a vaudevillian , and Roxie , a housewife , fight for the fame that will keep them from the gallows . Directed and choreographed by Rob Marshall , and adapted by screenwriter Bill Condon , with music by John Kander and lyrics by Fred Ebb , Chicago won six Academy Awards in 2003 , including Best Picture . The film was critically lauded , and was the first musical to win Best Picture since Oliver ! in 1968 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7849f6e24971b6e805d04853df481b0b", "text": "Doctor Dolittle (film) Doctor Dolittle is a 1967 American musical film directed by Richard Fleischer and starring Rex Harrison , Samantha Eggar , Anthony Newley and Richard Attenborough . It was adapted by Leslie Bricusse from the novel series by Hugh Lofting . It primarily fuses three of the books The Story of Doctor Dolittle , The Voyages of Doctor Dolittle , and Doctor Dolittle 's Circus . The film had a notoriously protracted production with numerous setbacks along the way such as complications from poorly chosen shooting locations and the numerous technical difficulties inherent with the large number of animals required for the story . The film exceeded its original budget of $ 6 million by three times , and recouped $ 9 million upon release in 1967 , earning only $ 6.2 million in theatrical rentals . The film received mixed to negative critical reviews , but through the studio 's intense lobbying , was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture and won awards for Best Original Song and Best Visual Effects .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b622f3dc01fda937c880cf3fb8f93a6", "text": "Frozen (franchise) Frozen is a Disney media franchise started by the 2013 American animated feature Frozen , which was directed by Chris Buck and Jennifer Lee from a screenplay by Lee and produced by Peter Del Vecho , with songs by Robert Lopez and Kristen Anderson-Lopez . Walt Disney Animation Studios ' chief creative officer John Lasseter served as the film 's executive producer . The original film was inspired by the Hans Christian Andersen fairy tale `` The Snow Queen '' . Since the film 's release in November 2013 , the franchise has expanded very rapidly . To date , the franchise includes various Disney theme park attractions , merchandise , video games , books , a Disney on Ice show , and a short animated film . Disney has also announced that it is working on a Broadway stage musical adaptation , an animated film sequel , and a new book series . In November 2014 , TheStreet.com explained that `` Frozen is no longer a movie , it 's a global brand , a larger than life franchise built around products , theme parks and sequels that could last into the next century '' . Boxoffice '' chief analyst Phil Contrino was quoted as saying `` it 's become massive '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "31bfbac63b0ca4129444261ad9c477f1", "text": "Fantasy (Bashy song) `` Fantasy '' is a dance-pop song by British rapper Bashy , featuring vocals from Indian singer and actress , Preeya Kalidas . The song was released as a single on July 26 , 2010 via digital download , as the lead single from Bashy 's upcoming second studio album , The Great Escape . The single will also be included on Kalidas ' debut album , I 'm Over It . The music video for Fantasy was filmed in Los Angeles , whilst Bashy was supporting Gorillaz ' North American tour . The video does not feature Kalidas . The single charted at # 88 on the UK Singles Chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab776c8e054188f0657ac63f8105ecf6", "text": "Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series . Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments . The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a0d884640b611e0a62c4efd88fdfec5", "text": "The Boat That Rocked The Boat That Rocked ( retitled Pirate Radio in North America , Good Morning England in France , Radio Rock Revolution in Germany , Рок-волна ( The Rock Wave ) in Russia , and I Love Radio Rock in Italy ) is a 2009 British comedy film written and directed by Richard Curtis , with pirate radio in the United Kingdom during the 1960s as its setting . The film has an ensemble cast featuring Philip Seymour Hoffman , Bill Nighy , Rhys Ifans , Nick Frost , and Kenneth Branagh . Set in 1966 , it tells the story of the fictitious pirate radio station `` Radio Rock '' and its crew of eclectic disc jockeys , who broadcast rock and pop music to the United Kingdom from a ship anchored in the North Sea while the British government endeavours to shut them down . It was produced by Working Title Films for Universal Pictures , and was filmed on the Isle of Portland and at Shepperton Studios . After the world premiere in London 's Leicester Square on 29 March 2009 , the film was released in United Kingdom and Ireland on 1 April 2009 . It was a commercial failure at the British box office , making only US$ 10.1 million in its first three months , just a fifth of its US$ 50 million production cost . It received mixed reviews , with most criticism directed at its muddled storyline and 2 1/4 - hour length . For its North American release the film had its running time cut by 20 minutes , and was retitled Pirate Radio . Opening 13 November 2009 , it was still commercially unsuccessful in the US , earning only US$ 8 million . When the worldwide theatrical run was finished in January 2010 , the film had grossed US$ 36.3 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b8c06bd05be6cb3b9b0d0a467d7d800", "text": "Ken Hughes Kenneth Graham `` Ken '' Hughes ( 19 January 1922 -- 28 April 2001 ) was a British film director , writer and producer , who is best known as the co-writer and director of the 1968 children 's film Chitty Chitty Bang Bang .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a2e0419c7e485db8231b8366684e334", "text": "Swing Symphony `` Swing Symphony '' is a group of musical 14 cartoon shorts , created in 1941 till 1945 , which often featured top boogie-woogie musicians . Directed by the Swing Symphony cartoons are a more contemporary pastiche on Disney 's Silly Symphonies . Some of those short include the characters Woody Woodpecker and Andy Panda .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a7512ebb030fc56583a0f553f03dd4c4", "text": "Enchanted (film) Enchanted is a 2007 American live-action/animated musical fantasy romantic comedy film , produced by Walt Disney Pictures with New York Academy Barry Sonnenfeld and Josephson Entertainment . Written by Bill Kelly and directed by Kevin Lima , the film stars Amy Adams , Patrick Dempsey , James Marsden , Timothy Spall , Idina Menzel , Rachel Covey , and Susan Sarandon . The plot focuses on Giselle , an archetypal Disney Princess , who is forced from her traditional animated world of Andalasia into the live-action world of New York City . Enchanted was the first Disney film to be distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures , instead of Buena Vista Pictures Distribution . The film is both a homage to , and a self-parody of , Disney 's animated features , making numerous references to Disney 's past works through the combination of live-action filmmaking , traditional animation , and computer-generated imagery . It marks the return of traditional animation to a Disney feature film after the company 's decision to move entirely to computer animation in 2004 . Composer Alan Menken and lyricist Stephen Schwartz , who had written songs for previous Disney films , produced the songs of Enchanted , with Menken also composing its score . The animation sequences were produced at James Baxter Animation in Pasadena . Filming of the live action segments took place around New York City . It premiered on October 20 , 2007 , at the London Film Festival before its wide release on November 21 , 2007 , in the United States . Enchanted was well-received critically , established Adams as a leading lady , and earned more than $ 340 million worldwide at the box office . It won three Saturn Awards , including Best Fantasy Film and Best Actress for Adams . Enchanted also received two nominations at the 65th Golden Globe Awards and three Best Original Song nominations at the 80th Academy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45cca4f2ca741aa9586b00163ae81265", "text": "The NeverEnding Story (film) The NeverEnding Story is a 1984 American epic fantasy film based on the novel of the same name by Michael Ende , about a boy who reads a magical book that tells a story of a young warrior whose task is to stop a dark storm called the Nothing from engulfing a fantasy world . The film was produced by Bernd Eichinger and Dieter Giessler and directed and co-written by Wolfgang Petersen ( his first English-language film ) and starred Noah Hathaway , Barret Oliver , Tami Stronach , Patricia Hayes , Sydney Bromley , Gerald McRaney , Moses Gunn , and Alan Oppenheimer as the voices of both Falkor and Gmork ( as well as other characters ) . At the time of its release , it was the most expensive film produced outside the United States or the Soviet Union . The film was the first in The NeverEnding Story film series and later followed by two sequels . Ende felt that this adaptation 's content deviated so far from the spirit of his book that he requested that production either be halted or the film 's title be changed ; when the producers did neither , he sued them and subsequently lost the case . Ende called the film a `` gigantic melodrama of kitsch , commerce , plush and plastic '' -LSB- Ein `` gigantisches Melodram aus Kitsch , Kommerz , Plüsch und Plastik '' -RSB- . The film only adapts the first half of the book , and consequently does not convey the message of the title as it was portrayed in the novel . The second half of the book would subsequently be used as the rough basis for the second film , The Next Chapter . The third film , Escape from Fantasia , features a completely original plot .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "980ac4a425653c38c5c9dc9f3803d900", "text": "Game: He Plays To Win Game is a 2014 action thriller Bengali film choreographed and directed by Baba Yadav and produced and distributed by Reliance Entertainment . The film features actors Jeet , Subhasree Ganguly and Saurav Chakraborty in the lead roles . Music of the film has been composed by Jeet Ganguly . The film is a remake of the 2012 Tamil film Thuppakki . The film released to positive reviews from critics and went on to become a blockbuster .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2178a9472189e3ccae97d62607be9b42", "text": "Anything Goes Anything Goes is a musical with music and lyrics by Cole Porter . The original book was a collaborative effort by Guy Bolton and P.G. Wodehouse , heavily revised by the team of Howard Lindsay and Russel Crouse . The story concerns madcap antics aboard an ocean liner bound from New York to London . Billy Crocker is a stowaway in love with heiress Hope Harcourt , who is engaged to Lord Evelyn Oakleigh . Nightclub singer Reno Sweeney and Public Enemy # 13 Moonface Martin aid Billy in his quest to win Hope . The musical introduced such songs as `` Anything Goes '' , `` You 're the Top '' , and `` I Get a Kick Out of You . '' Since its 1934 debut at the Alvin Theatre ( now known as the Neil Simon Theatre ) on Broadway , the musical has been revived several times in the United States and Britain and has been filmed twice . The musical has long been a popular choice for school and community productions .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "eb7b12adfa744ca2e7d7a04a720ab536", "text": "Nike, Inc. Nike , Inc. ( official , -LSB- ˈnaɪki -RSB- also , non-US -LSB- ` naɪk -RSB- ) is an American multinational corporation that is engaged in the design , development , manufacturing , and worldwide marketing and sales of footwear , apparel , equipment , accessories , and services . The company is headquartered near Beaverton , Oregon , in the Portland metropolitan area . It is one of the world 's largest suppliers of athletic shoes and apparel and a major manufacturer of sports equipment , with revenue in excess of US$ 24.1 billion in its fiscal year 2012 ( ending May 31 , 2012 ) . As of 2012 , it employed more than 44,000 people worldwide . In 2014 the brand alone was valued at $ 19 billion , making it the most valuable brand among sports businesses . The company was founded on January 25 , 1964 , as Blue Ribbon Sports , by Bill Bowerman and Phil Knight , and officially became Nike , Inc. on May 30 , 1971 . The company takes its name from Nike , the Greek goddess of victory . Nike markets its products under its own brand , as well as Nike Golf , Nike Pro , Nike + , Air Jordan , Nike Blazers , Air Force 1 , Nike Dunk , Air Max , Foamposite , Nike Skateboarding , and subsidiaries including Brand Jordan , Hurley International and Converse . Nike also owned Bauer Hockey ( later renamed Nike Bauer ) between 1995 and 2008 , and previously owned Cole Haan and Umbro . In addition to manufacturing sportswear and equipment , the company operates retail stores under the Niketown name . Nike sponsors many high-profile athletes and sports teams around the world , with the highly recognized trademarks of `` Just Do It '' and the Swoosh logo .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "9d14a5f9327bdc5d8054694db5553c2f", "text": "Nike Award The Nike Literary Award ( Nagroda Literacka Nike ) is one of the most prestigious awards for Polish literature . Established in 1997 and funded by Gazeta Wyborcza , Poland 's second largest daily paper , and the consulting company NICOM , it is conferred annually in October for the best book of a single living author writing in Polish published the previous year . It is open for nominees from all literary genres , including non-fiction essays and autobiographies . Each year , a nine-member jury selects the laureate in a three-stage process . Twenty official nominees are accepted in May , out of which seven finalists are declared in September . The final decision does not take place until the day of the award ceremony in October . The award consists of a statuette designed by the prominent Polish sculptor Gustaw Zemła and a cash prize of currently PLN 100,000 . In addition to the main jury award , there is an audience award based on the outcome of a vote on the seven official finalists conducted by Gazeta Wyborcza . The verdicts of the audience and jury have converged only occasionally ( 2000 , 2001 and 2004 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb45ffb278896fe23ed35269117e0054", "text": "NFL Films NFL Films is a Mount Laurel , New Jersey-based company devoted to producing commercials , television programs , feature films , and documentaries on the National Football League , as well as other unrelated major events and awards shows . Founded as Blair Motion Pictures by Ed Sabol in 1962 , and run by his son Steve Sabol until his death , it is currently owned by the NFL and produces most of its videotaped content except its live game coverage , which is handled separately by the individual networks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "73af7c0fe9ec0baca7c61e092ca69305", "text": "Sports Collectors Digest Sports Collectors Digest ( SCD ) is an American advertising weekly paper published at Iola , Wisconsin . The magazine provides an avenue through which sellers , traders and avid buyers of sports memorabilia may interact . SCD was started in 1973 by the Stommen family . In 1981 it was purchased by Krause Publications ; Krause was acquired by F+W Media , its current publisher , in 2002 . The thickness of the magazine has varied throughout the years , and could arguably be seen as a reflection of the sports collecting market . For example , the July 13 , 1990 issue contained 332 pages ; however , the January 22 , 2010 issue was only 36 pages long . Accounts of some athletes of the past and their activities festoon some of the pages . Other issues are written similarly . Pages are 11x14 inches ( 28x35 .5 cm ) . SCD has long billed itself as `` The Voice of the Hobby '' and mixes hobby news with features , collecting stories , athlete profiles and opinion . The magazine is one of the few publications that have been successful in the sports card and memorabilia hobby . It 's accompanying website , , offers content similar to the magazine , with a handy Auction Prices Realized database that is the only one of its kind in the hobby and a tool that has become very popular among collectors looking for prices on memorabilia and vintage cards . The site also offers videos , blogs , features and a forum . Classified ads remain a staple of the magazine , although it is rare when classifieds fill a full page . Many collectors have relied on the SCD classifieds over the years to build and maintain their collections . Before the Internet , it was a major source for buyers and sellers in the hobby to network . Recently , political pundit and cable TV lightning rod Keith Olbermann penned an exclusive series of stories for SCD about Topps proofs cards . Olbermann is one of the country 's leading authorities on tobacco era baseball cards and rare Topps proof cards . SCD now hosts an online radio program for sports collecting New programs are added weekly . The magazine remains the sports collecting hobby 's leading news publication with a loyal subscriber base . SCD has been effected by the trend toward selling collectibles on the Internet . Issues have shrunk , and the publication rarely features fresh editorial product . In recent issues , editors have recycled 10-year-old , previously-published interviews . Correspondents who provided columns and features were dropped for budgetary reasons and most of the limited editorial content is produced in-house .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "674234f76b104d9b43a3674eaf43c911", "text": "Blue Book Top 20 Network Rankings The Performance Marketing Blue Book , owned by privately held mThink LLC , provides online affiliates and merchants with an independently researched ranking of affiliate networks worldwide . It is published in the form of two `` Top 20 '' league tables , one for CPA networks and one for networks using a revenue sharing business model , cost-per-sale . The tables are updated each year from the results of an annual research-based process that includes a survey of over 20,000 online publishers and advertisers . The Blue Book has been produced each year since 2009 and is a recognized information resource within the performance marketing industry . Methodology The Blue Book is based upon a research process that incorporates multiple sources of affiliate marketing industry data and includes over 500 affiliate networks each year . One major component is an annual survey of over 20,000 online publishers and merchants . The survey includes anti-fraud security measures to prevent multiple responses from a single individual as well question structured to avoid selection-bias . In addition to the survey , the research process aggregates industry expert views , traffic data , measures of industry influence and other information . The Blue Ribbon Panel The Blue Ribbon Panel is a group of performance marketing industry experts representing each of the three core parts of the industry : advertisers , publishers and networks . Members are selected on the basis of their experience and reputation . Their opinions are collected via interviews and online survey , and are incorporated into the research process for the Performance Marketing Blue Book .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d84a314d5858449ea1671815afeb2ae3", "text": "3v3 Soccer 3v3 Soccer is a variety of soccer played between two teams . Each team may only have 3 players on the field at a time ( hence providing the name , `` 3 v 3 '' , `` 3 versus 3 '' , or `` 3 on 3 '' ) . This style of soccer is more commonly referred to as a `` small-sided '' game , as compared to a full game with larger teams . The field used is smaller than a regulation soccer pitch , instead it typically is 30 yards wide by 40 yards long , although these dimensions vary quite a bit when the game is played indoors due to the varied styles and sizes of indoor pitches . It uses a much smaller goal than fullsided soccer . In most 3v3 there is no keeper , although one variant , 3v3 Micro Soccer , does use a keeper . `` 3v3 Soccer '' is claimed to be the fastest growing form of soccer in the World . Its greatest popularity is in the United States , where hundreds , and perhaps thousands of Tournaments take place each year , however it is also now begun to catch on in many other countries . Nike helped to popularize it with its international Joga3 Joga Bonito Tour back in 2006 , in which teams qualified at local events around the World , culminating in a big 3v3 World Cup played in Brazil . It is a much faster paced , and higher scoring game than traditional full sided soccer . The speed of the attack , the use of triangulation , and the strategies bring aspects of Hockey into the game . The quick shift from one end of the field to the other after a goal is scored , or upon loss of possession is reminiscent of Basketball . It requires the blending of individual skills with teamwork . Its gain in popularity is largely because every member of the team gets equal playing time , and equal touches on the ball . All players on the field are a part of the play . Because of the speed of the game , and the fact that players are constantly in motion , there are frequent substitutions . A typical player may be rotated on six times or more in one game . There are no permanently assigned positions as there are in full sided soccer , giving each team member equal status and equal importance . This helps to develop individual skills . Currently there are Four major tours in the United States , Colorado based Kick it 3v3 Soccer http://www.kickit3v3.com/ with their World Championship 's held at the ESPN Wide World Of Sports Complex in Florida , Utah based 3v3 Live , Florida based Challenge3v3 and 3v3 World Tour , a 3v3 soccer tour that offers a 3v3 ranking system . There is also a new California based US 3v3 Soccer is promoting 3v3 soccer throughout California and the West . Canada also finally has its own home grown tour attempting to promote 3v3 there . Ontario based Ultimate 3 on 3 Soccer is the first Canadian based 3v3 Soccer Tour .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "753b2947764ce2c6c5b10bcf95c1e71a", "text": "World championship A world championship is generally an international sports competition open to elite competitors from across the world , representing their nations , and winning such an event will be considered the highest or near highest achievement in the sport or contest . The title is usually awarded through a combination of specific contests or , less commonly , ranking systems ( e.g. the ICC Test Championship ) , or a combination of the two ( e.g. World Triathlon Championships in Triathlon ) . This determines a ` world champion ' , who or which is commonly considered the best nation , team , individual ( or other entity ) in the world in a particular field , although the vagaries of sport ensure that the competitor recognised at the best in an event is not always the ` world champion ' ( see Underdog ) . Certain sports do not have a world championship . Instead , they may organise a world cup competition , or they may organize both , for example cycling ( UCI World Championships and UCI World Cups ) ) . Often , the use of the term cup or championship in this sense is just a choice of words . Some sports have multiple champions because of multiple organizations , such as boxing , mixed martial arts and wrestling . Certain sports do not have a world championship or a world cup as such , but may have one or several world champions . Professional boxing , for example , has several world champions at different weights , but each one of them is decided by a `` title fight '' , not a tournament . A certain number of sports hold world championships or world cups which are overshadowed , in terms of prestige , by the same events in the Olympic Games , the most prestigious multi-sports event . Still other sports may or may not have a true world championship but may designate the winners of a domestic competition to be `` world champions . '' This is especially true of the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada ; world cups and championships exist in all of the major sports , but the domestic U.S. and Canadian leagues are generally recognized as the world professional championships or the equivalent of a world club championship . ( In American football , although an IFAF World Championship exists , the United States is so far above and beyond the other nations it faces that the winner of the U.S.-based Super Bowl , a competition limited to the 32 teams in the National Football League , is commonly recognized as the world champion . ) Finally , certain professional sports do not have a world championship or world cup , but rather hold a series of events recognised as the elite level in their field ( e.g. tennis has a series of four Grand Slam events recognised as the pinnacle of the game , in addition to key team events , world tour finals and the Olympic Games , but no world championship or world cup ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1668b6e8b2edecef755604f771b1ba39", "text": "Tapout (clothing brand) Tapout is an American multinational corporation that designs and manufactures sports clothing , casual apparel , and accessories headquartered in Baltimore , Maryland . It is one of the largest sportswear manufacturers in the United States , and one of the biggest in the world . Tapout was registered in 1997 in San Bernardino County , California , by Charles Lewis , Jr. , Dan Caldwell and Tim Katz . The company was founded after the trio began selling mixed martial arts clothing from the back of their Ford Mustang . Selling the merchandise during a period where MMA solely reached a niche market , Lewis , Caldwell and Katz branded the company around the sport , distributing the merchandise in cities where the sport was prevalent . However , following the growing popularity of mixed martial arts in the United States , and its later nationwide mainstream acceptance , the company became the largest MMA-related merchandise company in the world , accruing revenues of over $ 22.5 million . In March 2015 , the company was relaunched following its joint-ventured acquisition by pro-wrestling company WWE , and development firm Authentic Brands Group . The venture saw the former MMA-related brand transformed into a more general `` lifestyle fitness '' one . The apparel , for men and women , is expected to be released in spring of 2016 . Throughout 2015 , WWE marketed the brand through various products , including beverages , supplements and gyms . WWE will hold a 50 % stake in the brand , and so will advertise it regularly across all its platforms , hoping to give it one billion impressions a month , and attempting to rival sports-clothing giant , Under Armour . All employees and students of the WWE Performance Center will also wear the clothing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b14b2920e4401c45831c189eb90b67a9", "text": "Daily fantasy sports Daily fantasy sports ( DFS ) are a subset of fantasy sport games . As with traditional fantasy sports games , players compete against others by building a team of professional athletes from a particular league or competition while remaining under a salary cap , and earn points based on the actual statistical performance of the players in real-world competitions . Daily fantasy sports are an accelerated variant of traditional fantasy sports that are conducted over short-term periods , such as a week or single day of competition , as opposed to those that are played across an entire season . Daily fantasy sports are typically structured in the form of paid competitions typically referred to as a `` contest '' ; winners receive a share of a pre-determined pot funded by their entry fees . A portion of entry fee payments go to the provider as rake revenue . In the United States , the daily fantasy sports industry is dominated by two competing services : the New York-based FanDuel , and the Boston-based DraftKings . Both companies were established as venture capital-backed startup companies , received funding from investment firms , sports broadcasters , leagues , and team owners , and became known for the aggressive marketing of their services . As of September 2015 , both companies have an estimated value of at least $ 1 billion , and control 95 % of the U.S. DFS market . The two primarily compete against smaller DFS services , such as Fantasy Aces and Yahoo! Sports . The popularity of the daily fantasy format has been credited to its convenience in comparison to season-length games , as well as the focus on major cash prizes in the promotion of these services . Daily fantasy has also been credited with helping to improve television viewership and engagement with sports . Daily fantasy sports have faced notable legal challenges , including disputes over whether DFS constitutes gambling . Politicians and other critics have argued that due to their format , players are essentially making proposition wagers on the varying performance of individual athletes in specific games , and not managing the performance of their selections on a week-to-week basis . Proponents have defended DFS as being a game of skill , as the required familiarity with the players and teams , as well as salary cap management , rewards skilled players . Local laws have varying definitions of gambling games , such as whether a game 's elements of chance are predominant over those or skill , or how much control the player has over the outcome of the game . In the United States , the legality of DFS has been determined on a state-by-state basis based on local gambling laws and other rulings . The federal Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act ( UIEGA ) contains language dictating that fantasy sports are not considered an unlawful wager under the act ; however , the act only prohibits the electronic transfer of funds from unlawful gambling as defined under state laws . A number of state attorneys general have issued opinions concluding that DFS is a form of illegal gambling , while the state of Nevada declared that DFS games must be licensed as a sports pool . The New York State ruling , which resulted from an investigation of DFS services after it was alleged that employees working for DraftKings and FanDuel had used inside information to win cash prizes from each other , spawned retaliatory lawsuits from the companies which alleged that the rulings were the result of a misinterpretation of the nature of their services . The state has since joined other states , such as Massachusetts and Virginia , in choosing to legalize and regulate DFS rather than prohibit it .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a099e2021aedfb00a38b6931a110a41", "text": "Draft (sports) A draft is a process used in some countries and sports to allocate certain players to teams . In a draft , teams take turns selecting from a pool of eligible players . When a team selects a player , the team receives exclusive rights to sign that player to a contract , and no other team in the league may sign the player . The best-known type of draft is the entry draft , which is used to allocate players who have recently become eligible to play in a league . Depending on the sport , the players may come from college , high school or junior teams or teams in other countries . An entry draft is intended to prevent expensive bidding wars for young talent and to ensure that no one team can sign contracts with all of the best young players and make the league uncompetitive . To encourage parity , teams that do poorly in the previous season usually get to choose first in the postseason draft , sometimes with a `` lottery '' factor to discourage teams from deliberately losing . Other types of drafts include the expansion draft , in which a new team selects players from other teams in the league ; and the dispersal draft , in which a league 's surviving teams select players from the roster of a newly defunct franchise . Drafts are usually permitted under anti-trust or restraint of trade laws because they are included in collective bargaining agreements between leagues and labor unions representing players . These agreements generally stipulate that after a certain number of seasons , a player whose contract has expired becomes a free agent and can sign with any team . They also require minimum and sometimes maximum salaries for newly drafted players . National Football League President Joseph Carr instituted a draft in 1935 as a way to restrain teams ' payrolls and reduce the dominance of the league 's perennial contenders . It was adopted by the precursor of the National Basketball Association in 1947 ; by the National Hockey League in 1963 ; and by Major League Baseball in 1965 , although draft systems had been used in baseball since the 19th century . Drafts are uncommon outside the U.S. and Canada , and most professional football clubs obtain young players through transfers from smaller clubs or by developing youth players through their own academies . The youth system is operated directly by the teams themselves , who develop their players from childhood . Parity in these leagues is instead maintained through promotion and relegation , which automatically expels the weakest teams from a league in exchange for the strongest teams in the next lower league . The result is a drastically different endgame for poor teams : a North American sports team may see the opportunity to get better through the draft after a poor season , but a European club will instead be relegated down to a league with less money and prestige , potentially exacerbating the problems .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "436c7a5fcf45f2c067272fcdbdb0d773", "text": "Hurley International Hurley is an American multinational corporation that is engaged in the design , development , manufacturing , worldwide marketing and selling of surf apparel and accessories . The company is headquartered in Costa Mesa , California . Since 2002 , Hurley has been owned by Nike , Inc. .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1604c93555b9dbbad60a98c82e7b829", "text": "Sports marketing Sports marketing is a subdivision of marketing which focuses both on the promotion of sports events and teams as well as the promotion of other products and services through sporting events and sports teams . It is a service in which the element promoted can be a physical product or a brand name . The goal is to provide the client with strategies to promote the sport or to promote something other than sport through sports . Sport marketing is also designed to meet the needs and wants of the consumer through exchange processes . These strategies follow the traditional four `` P '' 's of general marketing Product , Price , Promotion and Place , another four `` P '' 's are added to sport marketing , relating to the fact sports are considered to be a service . The additional 4 P 's are : Planning , Packaging , Positioning and Perception . The addition of the four extra elements is called the `` sport marketing mix . '' Sports marketing is an element of sports promotion which involves a wide variety of sectors of the sport industry including broadcasting , advertising , social media , digital platforms , ticket sales , and community relations . Sports marketing is divided into three sectors . The first is the advertising of sport and sports associations such as the Olympics , Spanish Football league and the NFL , as well as sport teams like Real Madrid and the New York Yankees . The second concerns the use of sporting events , sporting teams and individual athletes to promote various products . The third category is the promotion of sport to the public in order to increase participation . In the first case , the promotion is directly related to sports . In the second case , the products can but do not have to be directly related to sports . When the promotion is about sports in general , the use of this kind of strategy is called `` Marketing of Sports . '' When the promotion is not about the sports but sports events , athletes , teams or leagues are used to promote different products , the marketing strategy is denominated `` Marketing through sports . '' When the promotion is about increasing participation among the public , it is called `` Grassroots Sports Marketing . '' To promote the products or services , the companies and associations use different channels such as sponsorships of teams or athletes , television or radio advertisement during the different broadcast sports events and celebrations , and/or advertisement on sporting venues . `` Street marketing of sport '' considers sport marketing through billboards on the street and also through urban elements ( street lighters and sidewalks , etc. ) to help promote and gain publicity during major worldwide sporting events such as the Football World Cup , the Olympic Games , or the Super Bowl .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bfe81724965e80d9b5787c4ce7f82f3c", "text": "Sports betting Sports betting is the activity of predicting sports results and placing a wager on the outcome . The frequency of sports bet upon varies by culture , with the vast majority of bets being placed on association football , American football , basketball , baseball , hockey , mixed martial arts , track cycling , and boxing at both the amateur and professional levels . Sports betting can also extend to non-athletic events , such as reality show contests and political elections , and non-human contests such as horse racing , greyhound racing and illegal , underground dog fighting . Sports bettors place their wagers either legally , through a bookmaker/sportsbook , or illegally through privately run enterprises referred to as `` bookies '' . The term `` book '' being a reference to the books used by wagebrokers to track wagers , payouts , and debts . The majority of legal sportsbooks are found online , operated over the internet from jurisdictions separate from the clients they serve , usually to get around various gambling laws ( such as the Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act of 2006 in the United States ) in select markets , such as Las Vegas , Nevada , or on gambling cruises through self-serve kiosks . They take bets `` up-front '' , meaning the bettor must pay the sportsbook before placing the bet . Illegal bookies , due to the nature of their business , can operate literally anywhere but only require money from losing bettors and do n't require the wagered money up front , creating the possibility of debt to the bookie from the bettor . This creates a number of other criminal elements , thus furthering their illegality . Sportsbetting has resulted in a number of scandals in sport , affecting the integrity of sports events through various acts including point shaving ( players affecting the score by missing shots ) , spot-fixing ( a player action is fixed ) , bad calls from officials at key moments , and overall match fixing ( the overall result of the event is fixed ) . Examples are the 1919 World Series , the alleged ( and later admitted ) illegal gambling of former MLB player Pete Rose , and former NBA referee Tim Donaghy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8857a9c975ad7af2d814f53d0f7c87d8", "text": "Burger King Burger King ( BK ) is an American global chain of hamburger fast food restaurants . Headquartered in the unincorporated area of Miami-Dade County , Florida , the company was founded in 1953 as InstaBurger King , a Jacksonville , Florida-based restaurant chain . After Insta-Burger King ran into financial difficulties in 1954 , its two Miami-based franchisees David Edgerton and James McLamore purchased the company and renamed it `` Burger King '' . Over the next half-century , the company would change hands four times , with its third set of owners , a partnership of TPG Capital , Bain Capital , and Goldman Sachs Capital Partners , taking it public in 2002 . In late 2010 , 3G Capital of Brazil acquired a majority stake in the company , in a deal valued at US$ 3.26 billion . The new owners promptly initiated a restructuring of the company to reverse its fortunes . 3G , along with partner Berkshire Hathaway , eventually merged the company with the Canadian-based doughnut chain Tim Hortons , under the auspices of a new Canadian-based parent company named Restaurant Brands International . The 1970s were the `` Golden Age '' of the company 's advertising , but beginning in the early-1980s , Burger King advertising began losing focus . A series of less successful advertising campaigns created by a procession of advertising agencies continued for the next two decades . In 2003 , Burger King hired the Miami-based advertising agency Crispin Porter + Bogusky ( CP+B ) , who completely reorganized its advertising with a series of new campaigns centered on a redesigned Burger King character nicknamed `` The King '' , accompanied by a new online presence . While highly successful , some of CP+B 's commercials were derided for perceived sexism or cultural insensitivity . Burger King 's new owner , 3G Capital , later terminated the relationship with CP+B in 2011 and moved its advertising to McGarryBowen , to begin a new product-oriented campaign with expanded demographic targeting . Burger King 's menu has expanded from a basic offering of burgers , French fries , sodas , and milkshakes to a larger and more diverse set of products . In 1957 , the `` Whopper '' became the first major addition to the menu , and it has become Burger King 's signature product since . Conversely , BK has introduced many products , which failed to catch hold in the marketplace . Some of these failures in the United States have seen success in foreign markets , where BK has also tailored its menu for regional tastes . From 2002 to 2010 , Burger King aggressively targeted the 18 -- 34 male demographic with larger products that often carried correspondingly large amounts of unhealthy fats and trans-fats . This tactic would eventually damage the company 's financial underpinnings , and cast a negative pall on its earnings . Beginning in 2011 , the company began to move away from its previous male-oriented menu and introduce new menu items , product reformulations and packaging , as part of its current owner 3G Capital 's restructuring plans of the company . As of December 31 , 2016 , Burger King reported it had 15,738 outlets in 100 countries . Of these , 47.5 % are in the United States and 99.5 % are privately owned and operated , with its new owners moving to an almost entirely franchised model in 2013 . BK has historically used several variations of franchising to expand its operations . The manner in which the company licenses its franchisees varies depending on the region , with some regional franchises , known as master franchises , responsible for selling franchise sub-licenses on the company 's behalf . Burger King 's relationship with its franchises has not always been harmonious . Occasional spats between the two have caused numerous issues , and in several instances , the company 's and its licensees ' relations have degenerated into precedent-setting court cases . Burger King 's Australian franchise Hungry Jack 's is the only franchise to operate under a different name , due to a trademark dispute and a series of legal cases between the two .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f05444471d5b3b6e174db3c3b22cf94", "text": "Helmet-to-helmet collision Helmet-to-helmet collisions are occurrences in American football when two players ' helmets make head-to-head contact with a high degree of force . Despite its long association with the sport , this type of contact is now considered to be dangerous play by league authorities due to the potential of causing serious injury . Major football leagues , such as the National Football League ( NFL ) , and NCAA , have taken a tougher stance on helmet-to-helmet collisions after the US Congress launched an investigation into the effects repeated concussions have on football players and the new discoveries of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy . Other possible injuries include head traumas , spinal cord injuries , and even death ; nevertheless helmet manufacturers are constantly improving their designs in order to best protect their users against injuries from such collisions . Intentionally causing a helmet-to-helmet collision is banned in most , if not all , football leagues . The crackdown on helmet-to-helmet collisions has resulted in reappraisals of the sport . An image of two helmets smashing together -- which had been a staple for 20 years -- was dropped in 2006 from Monday Night Football on ESPN . The NFL also ordered Toyota Motor Company to stop using a similar helmet collision in its advertisements . However , despite the safety concerns , some professional football players have criticized bans on helmet-to-helmet collisions on the basis that gridiron football is a game that is supposed to be composed of the world 's biggest and best athletes , and placing such restrictions `` waters down '' the game .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e67aaa4f6a89fbf3fed7fbc1599522e9", "text": "The Temptations of Jean-Claude Killy `` The Temptations of Jean-Claude Killy '' is an article published in the premiere issue of Scanlan 's Monthly in March 1970 , written by Hunter S. Thompson . The subject of the article is Jean-Claude Killy , the alpine skiing champion who , in the 1968 Winter Olympics , became the second alpine skier ever to win three gold medals in a single olympic games . By the time of the article Killy , then 26 , was retired from skiing and had embarked on the next phase of his career -- endorsements . Thompson 's article follows Killy around the United States during his marketing tour for the Chevrolet automotive company . As he attends automotive shows , holds press conferences , and makes appearances for television ( all in conjunction with fellow Chevrolet spokesman , O.J. Simpson ) Thompson chronicles the newly flush world of celebrity sports endorsements . Though endorsement by a sports figure was not an entirely new concept , the world-wide magnitude of Killy 's stardom made his Chevrolet contract something of a fascination for Thompson . The article 's focus on the relative depths of the new pitch-man status obtained by Killy so shortly after the incredible heights he had achieved develops through acerbic descriptions of the settings Killy finds himself in , the automotive executives that profit by him , and the fans and onlookers who make him such a valuable spokesman . Through it all , Killy 's focus on his own enormous profit is a source of worry to Thompson . The trend he sees developing is one of larger-than-life stars -- athletes of the highest physical standards who have achieved feats unimaginable by normal people -- demeaning themselves and their accomplishments by agreeing to shill for a few extra dollars . An enormous sports fan himself , Thompson is distraught by this turn of events and wonders that Killy was never quite sure `` why I was embarrassed for him in those scenes . '' Thompson compares Killy to F. Scott Fitzgerald 's Gatsby : although , unlike that character , Killy 's dollars are earned honestly , the author concludes while watching Killy 's selling of himself that `` nothing in his narrow , high-powered experience can allow him to understand how I can watch his act and say that it looks , to me , like a very hard dollar -- maybe the hardest . '' The article was later included in Thompson 's collection The Great Shark Hunt ( 1979 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e3818f31e3fe92b02cac3b5d9a930b02", "text": "List of Kansas City Royals no-hitters The Kansas City Royals are a Major League Baseball franchise based in Kansas City , Missouri . Formed in 1969 , they play in the American League Central division . Pitchers for the Royals have thrown 4 no-hitters in franchise history . A no-hitter is officially recognized by Major League Baseball only `` when a pitcher ( or pitchers ) retires each batter on the opposing team during the entire course of a game , which consists of at least nine innings '' . No-hitters of less than nine complete innings were previously recognized by the league as official ; however , several rule alterations in 1991 changed the rule to its current form . A no-hitter is rare enough that one team in Major League Baseball , the San Diego Padres , has never had a pitcher accomplish the feat . No perfect games , a special subcategory of no-hitter , have been thrown in Royals history . As defined by Major League Baseball , `` in a perfect game , no batter reaches any base during the course of the game . '' The umpire is also an integral part of any no-hitter . The task of the umpire in a baseball game is to make any decision `` which involves judgment , such as , but not limited to , whether a batted ball is fair or foul , whether a pitch is a strike or a ball , or whether a runner is safe or out ... -LSB- the umpire 's judgment on such matters -RSB- is final . '' Part of the duties of the umpire making calls at home plate includes defining the strike zone , which `` is defined as that area over homeplate ( sic ) the upper limit of which is a horizontal line at the midpoint between the top of the shoulders and the top of the uniform pants , and the lower level is a line at the hollow beneath the kneecap . '' These calls define every baseball game and are therefore integral to the completion of any no-hitter . The manager is another integral part of any no-hitter . The tasks of the manager include determining the starting rotation as well as batting order and defensive lineup every game .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae87dafc76ee351eef028cbd5d93b697", "text": "List of college athletic programs in Ohio The main article is College sports . Notes : This list is in a tabular format , with columns arranged in the following order , from left to right : Athletic team description ( short school name and nickname ) , with a link to the school 's athletic program article if it exists . When only one nickname is listed , it is used for teams of both sexes . ( Note that in recent years , many schools have chosen to use the same nickname for men 's and women 's teams even when the nickname is distinctly masculine . ) When two nicknames are given , the first is used for men 's teams and the other is used for women 's teams . Different nicknames for a specific sport within a school are noted separately below the table . Full name of school . Location of school . Conference of the school ( if conference column is left blank , the school is either independent or the conference is unknown ) . Apart from the ongoing conversions , the following notes apply : Following the normal standard of U.S. sports media , the terms `` University '' and `` College '' are ignored in alphabetization , unless necessary to distinguish schools ( such as Boston College and Boston University ) or are actually used by the media in normally describing the school ( formerly the case for the College of Charleston , but media now use `` Charleston '' for that school 's athletic program ) . Schools are also alphabetized by the names they are most commonly referred to by sports media , with non-intuitive examples included in parentheses next to the school name . This means , for example , that campuses bearing the name `` University of North Carolina '' may variously be found at `` C '' ( Charlotte ) , `` N '' ( North Carolina , referring to the Chapel Hill campus ) , and `` U '' ( the Asheville , Greensboro , Pembroke , and Wilmington campuses , all normally referred to as UNC - -LCB- campus name -RCB- ) . The prefix `` St. '' , as in `` Saint '' , is alphabetized as if it were spelled out .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f647cbe9a4879650575ec6d8314b884", "text": "Athletic trainer An athletic trainer is a certified and licensed health care professional who practices in the field of sports medicine . Athletic training has been recognized by the American Medical Association ( AMA ) as an allied health care profession since 1990 . As defined by the Strategic Implementation Team of the National Athletic Trainers ' Association ( NATA ) in August 2007 : `` Athletic training is practiced by athletic trainers , health care professionals who collaborate with physicians to optimize activity and quality of life for patients both of the physically active and sedentary population . Athletic training encompasses the prevention , diagnosis and intervention of emergency , acute and chronic medical conditions involving impairment , functional limitations and disabilities . '' To become an athletic trainer one must have a master 's degree from an accredited professional level education program and then sit for and pass the Board of Certification ( BOC ) examination . Each state then has their own regulatory agencies that control the practice of athletic training in their state . Most states ( 42 ) require an athletic trainer to obtain a license in order to practice in that state , 5 states ( Colorado , Hawaii , Minnesota , Oregon , West Virginia ) require registration , 2 states ( New York , South Carolina ) require certification , while California has no state regulations on the practice of athletic training . Areas of expertise of certified athletic trainers include : Apply protective or injury-preventive devices such as tape , bandages , and braces Recognize and evaluate injuries Provide first aid or emergency care Develop and carry out rehabilitation programs for injured athletes Plan and implement comprehensive programs to prevent injury and illness among athletes Perform administrative tasks such as keeping records and writing reports on injuries and treatment programs Services rendered by the athletic trainer take place in a wide variety of settings and venues , including actual athletic training facilities , primary schools , universities , inpatient and outpatient physical rehabilitation clinics , hospitals , physician offices , community centers , workplaces , and even the military . Emerging settings for athletic training include surgical fellowship opportunities .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65392032384368ed2bc2b074dbcadeb4", "text": "Sports in Boston Boston , the capital city of the U.S. state of Massachusetts and largest city in the New England region of the northeastern United States , is home to several major league sports teams , including the Red Sox ( baseball ) , the Celtics ( basketball ) and the Bruins ( ice hockey ) . The New England Patriots ( American football ) and the New England Revolution ( soccer ) play at Gillette Stadium in nearby Foxborough , Massachusetts . Several Boston-area colleges and universities are also active in college athletics . Sports are a major part of the city 's culture ( as well as the culture of the Greater Boston area ) . Boston sports fans are known for their fanatical devotion to the Red Sox and knowledge of the team 's history . Fenway Park , home of the Red Sox , is the oldest ballpark in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) and holds a legendary status among baseball fans . Boston is the only city in professional sports in which all facilities are privately owned and operated . The Patriots own Gillette Stadium , the Red Sox own Fenway Park , and TD Garden is owned by Delaware North , owner of the Bruins . The Celtics rent TD Garden from Delaware North . In the 2000s , Boston 's professional teams had arguably the most successful decade in sports history , winning ten championships ( five by the Patriots , three by the Red Sox and one each by the Celtics and Bruins ) . When the Bruins won the 2011 Stanley Cup Finals , the city of Boston became the first city in the 21st century to have all four of its major professional league teams win a league championship , and it is the only city ever to have championships in all four major professional leagues within a ten-year span ( from the Patriots ' victory in February 2002 to the Bruins ' in June 2011 ) . In just ten years , between February 2002 and June 2011 , Boston 's teams completed what Sports Illustrated dubbed as the `` Grand Slam of North American sports . '' With the Patriots ' victory over the Seattle Seahawks in Super Bowl XLIX , the four major Boston-area sports teams completed a grand-slam in six years ( the 2008 Celtics , the 2011 Bruins , the 2013 Red Sox and the 2014 Patriots ) . Beyond that , several of the teams were league finalists : the Revolution four times , the Patriots twice and the Bruins and Celtics once apiece . With the Bruins reaching the 2011 Stanley Cup Finals , this allowed Boston to join Philadelphia as being the only cities to have had all of their teams play in each of the four major North American professional sports leagues ' title rounds since 2000 , following the Patriots in Super Bowls XXXVI in 2002 , XXXVIII in 2004 , XXXIX in 2005 , XLII in 2008 , XLVI in 2012 , XLIX in 2015 , and LI in 2017 and winning all of them , except Super Bowl XLII and XLVI , the Red Sox winning World Series titles in ( ending the Curse of the Bambino ) , , and , and the Celtics in the NBA Finals in and and winning in 2008 . In addition , Boston beat out Philadelphia for playing in all of the `` big '' league championship rounds in the shortest time in the new millennium , as it took 9 years for Philadelphia to achieve this feat ; Boston needed only three years and eight months . From 2004 to 2015 , all four Boston major league teams have each reached the championship rounds two times or more .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cbdf30c393f6f04ceac59cc049ece628", "text": "Best International Athlete ESPY Award The Best International Athlete ESPY Award is an award given to the sportsperson , irrespective of gender or sport contested , adjudged to have been the best or most outstanding of those born outside , or not possessing citizenship , of the United States who contest a major international individual sport primarily in the United States or a North American professional team sport in a given calendar year . The award was discontinued after 2009 , but was reinstated in 2012 . Balloting for the award was conducted over the Internet by fans from amongst choices selected by the ESPN Select Nominating Committee . The ESPY Awards ceremony has been conducted in June or July since the 2002 ceremony ; all awards conferred in that period reflect performance and achievement over the twelve months previous to presentation , which may span one or two seasons depending upon the recipient 's particular sport .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "a07b358e142b9b0b13860dfa6cdd680d", "text": "Duleep Singh Maharaja Duleep Singh , GCSI ( 6 September 1838 -- 22 October 1893 ) , also known as Dalip Singh and later in life nicknamed the Black Prince of Perthshire , was the last Maharaja of the Sikh Empire . He was Maharaja Ranjit Singh 's youngest son , the only child of Maharani Jind Kaur . After the assassinations of four of his predecessors , he came to power in September 1843 , at the age of five . For a while , his mother ruled as Regent , but in December 1846 , after the First Anglo-Sikh War , she was replaced by a British Resident and imprisoned . Mother and son were not allowed to meet again for thirteen and a half years . In April 1849 ten-year-old Duleep was put in the care of Dr John Login . He was exiled to Britain at age 15 and was befriended and much admired by Queen Victoria , who is reported to have written of the Punjabi Maharaja : `` Those eyes and those teeth are too beautiful '' . The Queen was godmother to several of his children . In 1856 , he tried to contact his mother , but his letter and emissaries were intercepted by the British in India , and did not reach her . However , he persisted and , with help from Login , was allowed to meet her on 16 January 1861 at Spence 's Hotel in Calcutta and return with her to the United Kingdom . During the last two years of her life , his mother told the Maharaja about his Sikh heritage and the Empire which once had been his to rule .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "6d74031c0c09c083e875ff0302f621dd", "text": "Bhojpur, Nepal Bhojpur Municipality is a town in Eastern Nepal . It was established on 18 May 2014 merging the existing Bhaisipankha , Bokhim , Bhojpur , Taksar Village Development Committees It is the district headquarters of Bhojpur district , a hilly/mountainous district in Kosi Zone . At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 5823 people living in 1199 households . Bhojpur bazaar is home to many Newar businessmen as well as skilled Newar craftsmen , and is famous for its metalwork , particularly khukuri knives . Other major towns in the district include Dingla to the north , Ghoretar to the south , and Taksar near the airstrip , from where flights connect to Biratnagar and Kathmandu . A road is currently under construction to link Bhojpur bazaar with Hile , Dhankuta , Dharan , and the rest of Nepal 's North-South Koshi Highway . Historically it is a part of Majh Kirat ( middle Kirat / Khambuwan ) , and used to be called `` east number 4 '' . Middle Kirat consists mainly of Bhojpur and Khotang districts , the traditional home of kirat Rai people , an indigenous ethnic group of Nepal . In addition to Rais , other ethnic groups include Magars , Gurungs , and Tamangs , as well as castes like Chhetris , Bahuns , and Dalits . Bhojpur was recently the site of a major incident involving Maoist rebels and the Nepali national security forces on March 3 , 2004 . An estimated 1,500 Maoists attacked the camps of the security forces at the district headquarters . This incident was the most serious one since the Maoists called off the cease-fire on August 24 , 2003 . 32 security personnel were killed ( both army and police ) , as well as 42 Maoists rebels , including some women . The telephone tower and the buildings of the District Administrative Office were completely destroyed , while those buildings housing the District Land Revenue Office , Rashtriya Banijya Bank and some private houses were partially destroyed . Tensions between Maoists and security forces emerged in February 2001 when the Bhojpur VDC headquarters were destroyed . The Khumbuwan Liberation Front ( KLF ) , destroyed the 250-kilowatt micro-hydropower project built by the Chinese on the Pikhuwa river on January 26 , 2002 . On April 18 , 2002 , a group of 50-60 rebels destroyed the airport tower by breaking through the gate of the tower , setting it ablaze by pouring kerosene , and destroying important devices by hurling a powerful bomb . Several minor skirmishes had also occurred in northern areas of the district , leading up to the deadly clash in March 2004 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2fed45cb6e085065ec58459a4e8b09a3", "text": "Devnarayan Devnarayan was a Gurjar warrior from Rajasthan , India , who founded the Baisla clan . Mythology has it that he was an incarnation of Vishnu and he is worshipped as a folk deity , mostly in Rajasthan and north-western Madhya Pradesh . According to tradition , he was born to Sri Savai Bhoj and Sadu mata Gurjari on the seventh day of the bright half ( shukla saptami ) of the month of Maagh in the Hindu Calendar in Vikram Samvat 968 ( 911 AD ) . According to one view historical Devnarayan belonged to 10th century of Vikram Samvat , according another view , he lived in between 1200-1400 ( Vikram Samvat era ) . First view is endorsed by many scholars . The epic of Devnarayan is one of the longest and most popular religious oral narratives of Rajasthan . The epic of Devnarayan has been classified under the category of ` martial '' epics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9103063b590c759a9c1c4987f3f9e101", "text": "Vijay Sampla Vijay Sampla ( born 6 July 1961 ) , Minister of State for Social Justice and Empowerment in India , is a member of parliament from Hoshiarpur ( Lok Sabha constituency ) . He won the Indian general election , 2014 as a Bharatiya Janata Party candidate . Sampla , a 53-year-old leader from Punjab , has worked as farm hand , labourer and plumber . Sampla , who studied till Class 10 , joined the party in 1998 . He is the second minister from Punjab after Akali Dal 's Harsimrat Kaur Badal . His political journey began after he was elected the Sarpanch or head of his Sofi village ( Jalandhar District ) . He has held several key posts in the BJP 's Punjab unit . When he was a 27-year-old bereaved dalit , Sampla was trying to find his feet against the oppressive landlords of Jalandhar 's Sofi Pind . His brother and he were left to fend for themselves after their father 's death and Sampla went off to Saudi Arabia in 1979 to work for a plumbing company . On his swearing-in as BJP 's first minister from Punjab in NDA-II , he says , `` I often recall one incident that shaped my life . While I was in Saudi Arabian city of Damam , I was asked to clean human excreta and repair a bathroom . I was young and flatly refused to do the cleaning part while telling the building owner that I was a plumber . On my insistence , the man put on plastic gloves and cleaned the muck himself . It taught me the difference between oppression against dalits and the will to work '' , Sampla recalled .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7eae2fa97ec34d139b6125e4d8101a88", "text": "Lalji Singh Lalji Singh ( born 5 July 1947 ) is an Indian scientist who has worked in the field of DNA fingerprinting technology in India , where he is popularly known as the `` Father of Indian DNA fingerprinting '' . Singh has also worked in the areas of molecular basis of sex determination , Wildlife conservation forensics and evolution and migration of humans . In 2004 , he received the Padma Shri in recognition of his contribution to Indian science and technology . Singh founded various institutes and laboratories in India , including the Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics in 1995 , Laboratory for the Conservation of Endangered Species ( LaCONES ) in 1998 , and Genome Foundation in 2004 , aiming to diagnose and treat genetic disorders affecting the Indian population , in particular the under-privileged people residing in rural India . Singh also served as the 25th Vice Chancellor of Banaras Hindu University ( BHU ) and Chairman of Board of Governors of Indian Institute of Technology ( BHU ) Varanasi from August 2011 to August 2014 . Before his term as Vice Chancellor of Banaras Hindu University , he also served as director of the Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology ( CCMB ) from May 1998 to July 2009 and Officer on Special Duty ( OSD ) of Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics ( CDFD ) , Hyderabad , India in 1995 -- 1999 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da4afc5ef95d1b45d68d686d07292a7a", "text": "Khudania Khudaniya is a village in Jhunjhunu district , Rajasthan , India . The village is famous for being resident of Shekhawat rajputs . Most of the residents of this village works in Porbandar , Delhi , Mumbai , Jamnagar and other cities mostly in Birla group companies.there is a temple of -LCB- NET JI DADA -RCB- which is famous . Most young people are educated . Schools of khudania , GOVERNMENT SCHOOL OF KHUDANIA , is a famous school And balutedar 's like GOLDSMITH , BLACKSMITH , FARMERS AND MUCH MORE . medical festility is good . in the center of this village SINGH FAMILY , THAKUR FAMILY , SONI FAMILY is living.but village does n't have any English medium school . pilani is the nearest city.The Most Famous and First Birla Institute is Sitiuated In Pilani cricket is most playing game of this village . Khudania was established in 1637 by Khudaramji Indoria , who immigrated from Sidhpith ( Sri Ganganagar ) with Chahar Jats and Dhanakas . The most famous place in khudania is Netji Dada Temple , which is under the ground . Khudaniya is a capital of Shekhawats Near About Pilani area Many Indstrialists are from here Like Ranjeet Singh Gudar Singh ( Hydrabad ) , Ranjeet Singh Shekhawat ( Jamnagar ) , Mahadev Singh ( Chandigarh ) . Some Capitlist Rajveer Singh ( Property dealer in Deshnok ) , Jangir Family ( Chitorghar ) , Lokendra Singh ( Advocate ) , Virandra Singh ( Murtikar ) & Sanjay Sharma ( Indoria ) in ludhiana during the mughal emperor aurangjeb once Turks inveded khudania , on that time our brave rajputs fought with them , still there is a large well known turkania kuwan , here u can still find the remnant of there dead bodies in this well ( kuwan ) There Is a soni FAMILY and the head of FAMILY Late Shree Basesar lal Soni", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7517a03eef8370db178993c3df299137", "text": "Gopal Singh Nepali Gopal Singh Nepali ( 1902 -- 17 April1963 ) was an eminent Bihari Indian poet of Hindi literature and a famous lyricist of Bollywood . His association with Bollywood spanned around two decades , beginning in 1944 and ended with his death in 1963 . He was a poet of post-Chhayavaad period , and he wrote several collections of Hindi poems including `` Umang '' ( published in 1933 ) . He was also a journalist and edited at least four Hindi magazines , namely , Ratlam Times , Chitrapat , Sudha , and Yogi . He was born in Bettiah in the state of Bihar . Although he was of Nepali descent , he did not have much of his heritage . During Sino-Indian War of 1962 , he wrote many patriotic songs and poems which include Savan , Kalpana , Neelima , Naveen Kalpana Karo , etc. . He is also known for his seminal volume `` The Newars : An Ethno-Sociological Study of a Himalayan Community '' ( 1965 ) , made into a book from his doctoral dissertation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d238c75fad7451ab42235cd7ec22ac1", "text": "Sikh scriptures The principal Sikh scripture is the Adi Granth ( First Scripture ) , more commonly called the Guru Granth Sahib . The Sikhs do not regard this as their `` holy book '' but as their perpetual and current `` guru '' , guide or master . It was called Adi Granth until Guru Gobind Singh , the tenth and final guru in human form , conferred on it the title of the guru in 1708 , after which it was called Sri Guru Granth Sahib , or Guru Granth Sahib for short . The Granth has 1430 pages and is divided into 39 chapters . All copies are exactly alike . The Sikhs are forbidden from making any changes to the text within this scripture . The Guru Granth Sahib was compiled by Guru Arjan Dev , the fifth guru of the Sikhs . The work of compilation was started in 1601 and finished in 1604 . The Granth , called `` Pothi Sahib '' by Guru Arjan , was installed at Harmandir Sahib ( House of God ) with much celebration .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "852b61f2628e0a81b7d70e2d95b22394", "text": "Thapa Thapa ( थापा pronunciation : -LSB- t̪ʰāpā -RSB- ) is the surname commonly used by Nepali people belonging to the Chhetri caste of Khas group , an Indo-Aryan ethno-linguistic group and Magar people , a Sino-Tibetan ethno-linguistic group . Kshetri Thapa of Kshatriya Varna are addressed as Thapa Kaji while Thapa Magar are addressed as general Magar . Kshatriya Thapa dynasty were one of the four noble family to be involved in active politics of Nepal together with Shah dynasty , Basnyat/Basnets and Pandes before rise of Rana dynasty . and ruled between 1806 to 1837 and 1843 to 1845 . Thapas played important role in Unification of Nepal and had held many prestigious post in the Malla Court and Bijayapur Court . This family grew prominent during the rule of King Prithvi Narayan Shah and were established as dominant faction during reign of King Rana Bahadur Shah . After the assassination of King Rana Bahadur Shah , Bhimsen Thapa rose to the event killing all his enemies and catapulting the Thapa family as most dominant faction in the Royal Court of Nepal . Thapa family were strengthened in the Royal court by including family members of the another Thapa Bharadar Amar Singh Thapa . Bada ( Elder ) Kaji Amar Singh Thapa was a legendary military commander and National Hero of Nepal . Thapas have important role in Anglo-Nepalese War where Colonial Power British India Company had major loss at First Campaign . Colonel Ujir Singh Thapa was sector commander at Jitgadh , Kaji Ranajor Singh Thapa at Jaithak , Sardar Bhakti Thapa at Deuthal , Colonel Ranabir Singh Thapa at Makawanpurgadhi and Bada Kaji ( Elder Kaji ) Amar Singh Thapa at Malaon . Bhimsen 's nephew PM Mathabarsingh Thapa was known for his charisma from whom Jung Bahadur Rana rose to power . Thus , the state of administrative Thapa rule in Nepal is politically termed as Thapadom . Kshetri Thapa was divided into clans ( subgroups ) like Bagale Thapa , Godar Thapa , Deoja Thapa , Thakuryal Thapa , Mugali ( Lamichhane ) Thapa , Kalikote Thapa , Suyal Thapa , Punwar Thapa , Khulal Thapa , Sonal Thapa , Bhandare Thapa , Achhami Thapa , Ghimire Thapa , Maharaji Thapa , Patkheti Thapa , Gaunle Thapa and others . Modern day Thapas are prominent in wide professions . Manjushree Thapa , an English language author is known for Forget Kathmandu : An Elegy for Democracy ( 2005 ) , was shortlisted for the Lettre Ulysses Award in 2006 . Gagan Thapa , a popular 40-year-old minister is in the Nepalese cabinet . Ujwal Thapa , the President of Bibeksheel Nepali is a leading youth activist and entrepreneur .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e0443d6f97891029ed4d96b60df7180", "text": "Atan Burhagohain Atan Burhagohain ( Assamese : আতন বৰগোহাঁই ) was one of the most influential Burhagohains in the nearly 600 years of the Ahom kingdom . Atan Burhagohain Rajmantri Dangaria was the Prime Minister of Assam for more than seventeen years , from January 1662 to March 1679 . During this period Assam passed through a series of crises in the form of foreign invasions and internal disruptions ; and Atan Burhagohain conducted the affairs with rare foresight , probity , judgment , and patriotism . The versatile qualities of the Burhagoain , and the proof that he gave of his lofty and noble ideals , made him the darling of the people . Kings , potentates and the populace were united in showering tokens of their admiration and respect on this man of their country 's destiny . Twice the crown was offered to him which he did twice refuse , saying , `` It does not behove a minister to become a monarch ; kingship should go to the scion of a royal family , and saintship to the descendant of a saint . '' He was appointed as the Prime Minister in January 1662 , at the time Garhgaon was occupied by Mir Jumla . He oversaw the military resistance to the Mughal general , negotiated the Treaty of Ghilajharighat , planned the rejuvenation of the Ahom kingdom and was one of the architects of the Ahom victory at the Battle of Saraighat . He was known for his military tactics of guerrilla warfare that came to be known as daga juddha , and also for his statesmanship and wise counsel . He was appointed the Rajmantri Dangaria ( Prime Minister ) by the Ahom king Chakradhwaj Singha , and in the turmoil following the excesses of Debera Borbarua , he was offered the Ahom throne itself , which he refused . Despite his wisdom and keen political sense , he was unable to see through the treachery of Laluk Sola Borphukan , and was murdered by the Borphukan 's henchmen in 1679 . According to the Buranjis , the Burhagohain was tall in stature and his strides resembled that of a goose . His face was broad , and he had two moles on the forehead . He was ruddy in complexion . He wore a buffalo-coloured gati or a cloth tightly wrapped round the body with two ends made into a knot near the waist and he carried a big hengdang or sword . Since he belonged to the Bahgaria clan , he is generally referred to as Bahgaria Atan Burhagohain .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46a49e25deb6f051bec72bb479aa8635", "text": "Giani Gurdit Singh Giani Gurdit Singh ( 24 February 1923 -- 17 January 2007 ) was born in Mithewal village ( Sangrur district ) in the state of Punjab , India . He was considered one of the greatest contemporary writers in Punjabi and his book Mera Pind is regarded as a classic . It is now in its 10th edition and celebrates 50 years of publication this year . He was also a pioneering journalist , the Owner-Editor of Parkash ( a Punjabi language newspaper ) 1947 -- 1978 . He was also the Editor of Singh Sabha Patrika a monthly magazine of Sikh history and divinity ( from 1973 -- 1988 ) . Giani Gurdit Singh graduated as `` Giani '' from Punjab University , Lahore in 1945 and he specialised in literature , divinity , history and folklore . He was a member of the Punjab Legislative Council from 1956 to 1962 . He contributed to the debates at that time and in the creation of Punjabi University , Patiala and in the recognition of Takht Sri Damdama Sahib , Talwandi Sabo , as the 5th Takht of the Sikhs . He was General Secretary of the Singh Sabha Shatabadi Committee , Amritsar , which was renamed Kendriya Sri Guru Singh Sabha . As the Editor of the magazine Singh Sabha Patrika he focused on issues of importance to the Sikhs . He also established two Guru Granth Vidya Kendras , one in Chandigarh and another in Mehrauli , Delhi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9b8d676cdd3dd5b0c9eec57cb51812c", "text": "Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh Bilaspur is a city in Bilaspur District in the Indian state of Chhattisgarh , situated 133 km ( 83 miles ) north of the state capital , Naya Raipur . With a population of 693,851 , it is the second-largest city after Raipur-Bhilai-Durg Tri City Metro area . The Chhattisgarh State High Court , located at village Bodri , District Bilaspur has privileged it with the title ` Nyayadhani ' Law Capital ) of the state . The Bilaspur High Court is the largest High Court of Asia . Bilaspur is the administrative headquarters of Bilaspur District . This city is the commercial center and business hub of North East Chhattisgarh region . It is also an important city for the Indian Railways , as it is the headquarters for South East Central Railway Zone and the Bilaspur Railway Division . Bilaspur is 3rd cleanest and 4th longest railway station in India . Approximately 20 % of the total earnings of Indian railways come from South East Central Railway . Bilaspur is also the headquarters of South Eastern Coalfields Limited . Bilaspur is known for its aromatic rice variety named Doobraj rice , handloom woven colourful soft Kosa silk saris . It is well known for its rich , varied and colorful -LSB- -LSB- culture", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3614b60113039d890493c800b9f982aa", "text": "Punjabis The Punjabis ( Punjabi : , ਪ ਜਾਬੀ ) , or Punjabi people , are an ethno-linguistic group associated with the Punjab , who speak Punjabi , an Indo-Aryan language . Punjab literally means the land of five waters ( Persian : panj ( `` five '' ) āb ( `` waters '' ) . The name of the region was introduced by the Greeksas Pentapotamia , which was later translated into Persian by the Turko-Persian conquerors of South Asia and more formally popularised during the Mughal Empire . Punjab is often referred to as the breadbasket in both Pakistan and India . The coalescence of the various tribes , castes and the inhabitants of the Punjab into a broader common `` Punjabi '' identity initiated from the onset of the 18th century CE . Prior to that the sense and perception of a common `` Punjabi '' ethno-cultural identity and community did not exist , even though the majority of the various communities of the Punjab had long shared linguistic , cultural and racial commonalities . Traditionally , Punjabi identity is primarily linguistic , geographical and cultural . Its identity is independent of historical origin or religion , and refers to those who reside in the Punjab region , or associate with its population , and those who consider the Punjabi language their mother tongue . Integration and assimilation are important parts of Punjabi culture , since Punjabi identity is not based solely on tribal connections . More or less all Punjabis share the same cultural background . Historically , the Punjabi people were a heterogeneous group and were subdivided into a number of clans called biradari ( literally meaning `` brotherhood '' ) or tribes , with each person bound to a clan . However , Punjabi identity also included those who did not belong to any of the historical tribes . With the passage of time , tribal structures are coming to an end and are being replaced with a more cohesive and holistic society , as community building and group cohesiveness form the new pillars of Punjabi society .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aca14584970af7bcac9721d892054777", "text": "Suraj Parkash The book Gur Partap Suraj , popularly known as the Suraj Parkash is detailed work of 51,829 verses describing the lives of the last nine Sikh Gurus and Banda Bahadur . It was finished in 1843 by Bhai Santokh Singh . It is a sequel to his own Nanak Prakash , describing the life of the first Guru . The lives of the Gurus , are divided into twelve Raas or sections . The life of the tenth Guru is presented in six Ruts ( literally six seasons ) , and into two Ayans , the ascending and descending phases of the year . The whole work is written Braj dialect of classical Hindi , with a significant use of Sanskrit words . Bhai Santokh Singh is said to have drawn from the writings of Bhai Gurbaksh Singh , who had been one of Guru Gobind Singh 's teachers and passed on his history to Bhai Sahib Singh . Suraj Parkash is one of the most revered Sikh scriptures which is recited regularly in the afternoon in a katha form ( story telling manner ) in all the gurdwaras . Suraj Parkash was first edited by Bhai Vir Singh during 1926-1935 . On the direction of the SGPC , Professor Kirpal Singh has started the re-editing of Suraj Parkash to remove `` mythological content '' , which shows Hindu influence and place it in an appendix . The editing has been criticised by some as amounting to `` poetic as well as religious sacrilege ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "627e2b57c4a76a3b0875fa40a009c848", "text": "Frederick Duleep Singh Prince Frederick Victor Duleep Singh , MVO , TD , FSA ( 23 January 1868 -- 15 August 1926 ) , also known as Prince Freddy , was a younger son of Duleep Singh , the last Maharaja of the Sikh Empire .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "72972dfcc23ca25963d85effd02e5ca7", "text": "Dikwal Dikwal is a village in Malvan Taluka of district Sindhudurg , Maharashtra , India . It is a cool , quiet and beautiful historical area surrounded by hills on three sides , about 10 km from the Arabian Sea . Its total area covered about 560 hectares . It is owned by the Gawade family , who are known as gaonkar ( `` owner of village '' ) . The Gawade family settled here from the village of Chowke and prior to that had come from the Gauda district of Karnataka . The local spoken language is Malvani . This village has more water area , so it was muddy , and while walking in this area mud used to stick to legs and hence the area was introduced as dik which means `` gum '' ( sticky glue ) and wal means `` wet '' . In this way the area is known as Dik-wal , i.e. Dikwal . As per the old and official record , the village of Dikwal had plenty of plants called dinda . In this village before the temple of local deity Gangeshwar , where villagers traditionally played a game , on every ` New Moon Day ' called Bhavai . They used to dig deep in soil where a man sat with a coconut in his hand and others were taken away or snatched away and then went for wash on stream . Then again they came back to play a game , the part of starting God rituals , called dindwal ( a game played with the stick of dinda ) . A group of those trees ( forest ) were called dindwan . So this way dindwal became dikwal . Villagers residing in this village are all farmers . Rice is a primary crop and supporting crops are taken with gardening , i.e. plantation . Most of them work in a city like Mumbai , Pune , or Delhi . Some of them are doing business . Most of them visit their native place in the month of May . This is a month of hot summer when in India it is a holiday for school students . In the month of December they perform a god worship festival called Dahikalo . On this occasion all villagers come together to enjoy the celebration . Dahikalo is a drama based on happenings in the life of god . Different stories are performed in the front of the temple on a permanent stage built for this purpose . Education is also one of the reasons which make them settle in cities . The nearest market to Dikwal is Katta on the way to Malwan via Kasal . The walking distance is more than one and a half hours . The school at Dikwal is up to 4th standard . After that for next study students walk towards Katta , where they can study up to twelfth standard . The village started developing in 1971 since when government started lookafter with the efforts of villagers . Villagers are able to build roads which helped to develop transport facilities . Now students can go to school with State Transport Bus ( MSRTC ) . The nearest railway station is Sindhudurg situated on the route of the Konkan Railway . This station area is also known as Oras . Oras is the city near Sindhudurg Station . Families who live in Dikwal include Parab , Dhuri , Patade , Malar , and Teli . Some of them have changed their last name and started introducing themselves by the village name , Dikwalkar . Some of the inhabitants were in Pakistan for service . A few of them returned to India after the partition of India and settled in Maharashtra in different villages . Gawade can be found in the whole of India . Many Gawade families have changed their name as they like . Most have changed their names to local village name . These all Gawade are 96 Kuli Maratha of Kashyap ( Dhampal ) Gotra . Family God is Jyotiba . Devak is Kalamb ( Kalam ) . Shiva descendant and Preceptor saint Aatri . Incantation Gayatri Mantra and Veda followed is Yajurveda .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fffd6c96d690e8d0b243178288b9317e", "text": "Dalip Singh (athlete) Dalip Singh Grewal ( born April 27 , 1899 , date of death unknown ) was an Indian track and field athlete who competed in the 1924 Summer Olympics and in the 1928 Summer Olympics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c0260f0e206ce79ae59b87e012a55c3", "text": "Vivek Kumar Vivek Kumar is an Indian sociologist and a public intellectual . At present he is professor of sociology at the Centre for the Study of Social System , School of Social Sciences , Jawaharlal Nehru University , New Delhi . His areas of interest include methodology of social sciences , sociology of marginalized sections , dependent and independent Dalit political leadership , sociology of Indian diaspora , sociology of South Asia , social movements , globalization and social change . Professor Kumar has coined the terms `` Dalit Diaspora '' , Arohi mobilization , a human distress index for Dalits , and an exclusion index from a sociological point of view . He has analyzed the process and mechanism involved in strengthening the democracy by the ` Independent Dalit Movements ' in the largest populated state of India i.e. Uttar Pradesh . Kumar has also examined how the Dalit movement has diversified its demands for inclusion in the modern institutions of governance and other spheres of day-to-day life after India became a democracy . Now , Kumar is studying internal differences within the Indian diaspora and its relationship with Indian democracy . He also writes in newspapers and participates in debates on television channels regularly .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b67994ac5b75310324561cf12b083ca1", "text": "Dhanka The Dhanka are a tribe of India who believe themselves to be aboriginal , although they are unable to assert from whence they came . They are historically neither Hindu nor Muslim and their occupations have changed over time , as circumstances have dictated for survival . Although similar groups in India are often referred to as adivasi , the Dhanka generally reject this term . They are a sub-division of the Bhil tribe . Dhanka do craft work on bamboo and prepare different items of basketry , winnowing fans , bow-arrows , sticks , and guns . Dhanka females make strings and ropes of forest grass , jute and similar materials . Historically , Dhanka were soldiers and forest hunters of the northwestern part of India . Since they used to prepare bows ( Dhanush ) they are called Dhanka . Another interpretation about its origin is that the word Dhanka consists of ` Dhan ' which means ` Paddy ' and the person who grows paddy is known as ` Dhanka ' . In the pre-independence period , some Dhanka were engaged in the services of jagirdars / landowners as farmers and cultivators in paddy fields . They used to do agricultural activities and cattle breeding . Some were soldiers too .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7407f2da6f99491727faf212c1df0cc6", "text": "Dharamraj Singh Raja Dharamraj Singh was an Indian ruler and politician from the state of the Madhya Pradesh . He represented Kawardha Vidhan Sabha constituency of undivided Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly by winning General election of 1957 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ecb6db6ac0574986c5513f15b4912290", "text": "Bhutia The Bhutia བ ད ར གས ( in Sikkim : Denzongpa / Drejongpa ; ; `` inhabitants of Denzong ; '' in Bhutan : Dukpa ) are a community of people of Tibetan ancestry , who speak Lhopo or Sikkimese , a Tibetan dialect fairly mutually intelligible to standard Tibetan . In 2001 , the Bhutia numbered around 70,300 . Bhutia here refers to Sikkimese and Nepalese of Tibetan ancestry ; in contrast , the Bhotiya are a larger family of related Tibetan peoples in northeastern Nepal of which the Bhutia are one member group .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "4860961a3b42b40177a2658c5389e08c", "text": "The Carmichael Show The Carmichael Show is an American sitcom television series created by Nicholas Stoller , Jerrod Carmichael , Ari Katcher , and Willie Hunter that premiered on August 26 , 2015 , on NBC . Starring Carmichael , it follows a fictional version of his family . The multi-camera show is set in Charlotte , North Carolina . On May 15 , 2016 , NBC renewed the series for a 13-episode third season , which premiered with back-to-back episodes on May 31 , 2017 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "71b1f9484a94d991f61be1379d43f250", "text": "Back to You Back to You is an American sitcom which aired on Fox from September 19 , 2007 to May 14 , 2008 . The creators and executive producers were Christopher Lloyd and Steven Levitan , and the director was James Burrows . The series starred Kelsey Grammer and Patricia Heaton as squabbling anchors of a news program .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f72d5d57abc102bb2fe31c32faba2eb", "text": "Panel show A panel show or panel game is a radio or television game show in which a panel of celebrities participates . Participants may compete with each other , such as on The News Quiz ; facilitate play by non-celebrity contestants , such as on Match Game/Blankety Blank ; or do both , such as on Wait Wait Do n't Tell Me . The genre can be traced to 1938 , when Information Please debuted on U.S. radio . The earliest known television panel show is Play the Game , a charades show in 1946 . The modern trend of comedy panel shows can find early roots with Stop Me If You 've Heard This One in 1939 and Can You Top This ? in 1940 . While panel shows were more popular in the past in the U.S. , they are still very common in the United Kingdom .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87fdf67bbc2d5d3be1b2336c139bbeb9", "text": "The Late Show (1950s TV series) The Late Show is an Australian television variety series which aired from 1957 to 1959 on Melbourne station HSV-7 . Aired on Tuesdays , Wednesdays and Thursdays and competing in the time-slot with GTV-9 's popular In Melbourne Tonight , the series included a mix of music and comedy . People who hosted the series during its run included John D'Arcy , Bert Newton and original host Noel Ferrier . The 22 August 1957 edition of The Age newspaper said of Bert Newton 's debut on the series : `` Bert Newton , not yet 20 years of age , made a promising debut in the Late Show on Tuesday night . He has a friendly manner , and plays the role of compere much `` straighter '' than Graham Kennedy , of GTV-9 's In Melbourne Tonight '' Although kinescope recording and later video-tape existed during the run of the series , the archival status of the show is unknown , although the Noel Ferrier episodes are reported to be lost , and it is possible the other episodes were also wiped , given the highly erratic survival rate of Australian television of the era ( with Sydney-produced soap opera Autumn Affair surviving near-intact , while the Melbourne version of game show Tell the Truth being completely lost ) . The Late Show was replaced on HSV-7 's schedule by Club Seven .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be0c405a52a9e4cb486fddf373222305", "text": "Television's Greatest Hits: 65 TV Themes! From the 50's and 60's 65 TV Themes ! From the 50 's and 60 's is the first volume of the Television 's Greatest Hits series of compilation albums by TVT Records . From the 50 's and 60 's was a double LP that featured 65 themes from television shows ranging from the mid-1950s until the late 1960s . The album catalog was later acquired by The Bicycle Music Company . In September 2011 , Los Angeles-based Oglio Records announced they were releasing the Television 's Greatest Hits song catalog after entering into an arrangement The Bicycle Music Company . A series of 9 initial `` 6-packs '' including some of the songs from the album has been announced for 2011 . Don Pardo `` hosted '' the original LP and cassette versions from 1985 . Five tracks are exclusive to the original 1985 releases ... The first track on the first record/tape , side one , begins with a musical sample of Edvard Grieg 's `` Morning Mood '' from the Peer Gynt suite , which is interrupted by Don Pardo beginning the `` broadcast day . '' Side one concludes with a faux test announcement of the Emergency Broadcast System , leading into the `` Duck and Cover '' song ( from the 1951 Civil Defense education film of the same name . ) Side two concludes with easy-listening music and Pardo making announcements of the `` station '' having technical difficulties and to please stand by . This was also sampled on Hexstatic 's album Rewind . Side three ( the first side on the second record/tape ) concludes with a medley of news themes and announcer voices , led off by Pardo announcing a faux news bulletin interrupting the `` broadcast '' over a music sample of Beethoven 's 9th Symphony , specifically the `` Scherzo '' movement . Side four ( and the whole album ) concludes with Don Pardo signing-off the `` broadcast day '' with a recording of the United States national anthem ( enhanced with explosion and firework sounds near the end ) , and then fades on a test pattern tone ( signaling the `` station '' has gone off the air . )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd5d7a7f213714eb0dce168dc5ceef4f", "text": "The Comedians (1971 TV series) The Comedians is a British television show of the 1970s ( later reprised in the mid-1980s and early 1990s ) produced by Johnnie Hamp of Granada Television . The show gave a stage to nightclub and working men 's club comedians of the era , including Russ Abbot , Lennie Bennett , Stan Boardman , Jim Bowen , Jimmy Bright , Duggie Brown , Mike Burton , Dave Butler , Brian Carroll , Frank Carson , Mike Coyne , Jimmy Cricket , Colin Crompton , Pauline Daniels , Charlie Daze , Vince Earl , Steve Faye , Eddie Flanagan , Stu Francis , Ken Goodwin , Jackie Hamilton , Jerry Harris , George King , Bobby Knutt , Bernard Manning , Mike McCabe , Paul Melba , Mick Miller , Hal Nolan , Tom O'Connor , Tom Pepper , Bryn Phillips , Mike Reid , George Roper , Harry Scott , Sammy Thomas , Johnny Wager , Roy Walker , Charlie Williams , Lee Wilson and Lenny Windsor . Also featured on the TV show , were Shep 's Banjo Boys , a 7-piece band comprising ( for the first 5 series ) Charlie Bentley ( tenor banjo ) , John Drury ( sousaphone ) , Andy Holdorf ( trombone ) , John Orchard ( piano ) , John Rollings ( drums ) , Graham Shepherd ( banjo ) and Howard Shepherd ( lead banjo ) . In 1973 , the line up was Mike Dexter ( banjo ) , Tony `` Tosh '' Kennedy ( sousaphone ) , Ged Martin ( drums ) , Tony Pritchard ( trombone ) , Graham Shepherd ( banjo ) and Howard `` Shep '' Shepherd ( lead banjo ) . The Comedians began as an experiment for Granada TV . Filmed before a live audience in Manchester , comics each performed 20-minute sets , which were then edited together into half-hour shows . Each edition featured up to ten stand-up comics . Working men 's clubs are numerous in Britain , especially in North East England and have been a useful training ground for artists , especially comedians . Most of these clubs are affiliated to the CIU ( Working Men 's Club and Institute Union ) founded in 1862 by the Rev. Henry Solly . There are also political clubs , as well as Servicemen 's Clubs affiliated to the Royal British Legion . It was remarkably popular during the earlier series . An LP recording of the show reached the best-seller charts , several sell-out national tours followed , including a season at the London Palladium , and the programme won the Critics ' circle Award . The comedy frequently took the form of anecdotes or jokes and often involved racist or sexist stereotypes . Like other British comedy successes of the day , notably , Love Thy Neighbour , this kind of entertainment was acceptable on British television during this period but would not be so today . Viewing the series in retrospect it stands as a major social document of the times . In recent years , the series has been repeated on the ( now defunct ) British satellite television channel Plus , and can now be bought on DVD , having been released by Network .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f1f6b2e2485ce9e0d7fe113b9a67655", "text": "Back to Back (Status Quo album) Back To Back is the sixteenth studio album by English rock band Status Quo and released in November 1983 . For the first time in the group 's history , it featured four singles , `` Ol' Rag Blues '' ( highest position No. 9 ) , `` A Mess of Blues '' , originally a hit for Elvis Presley ( No. 15 ) , `` Marguerita Time '' ( No. 3 ) , and `` Going Down Town Tonight '' ( which reached No. 20 in a different , re-recorded version to the album version . ) The album entered the UK chart at its highest position of No. 9 . It was the last recorded before the group temporarily disbanded in 1985 and therefore the last to feature original bass guitarist Alan Lancaster and drummer Pete Kircher . Lancaster co-wrote the first single , `` Ol' Rag Blues '' , with Keith Lamb , lead singer of British bands The Kase , Sleepy Talk and Mr. Toad , and founder and lead singer of Australia 's successful glam rock band Hush . Lancaster was angered when the production company declined to release the version featuring his lead vocal ( which has since been made available as a bonus track on the 2005 remastered reissue ) , in preference to that featuring the voice of Francis Rossi . He also made no secret of his dislike of `` Marguerita Time '' , which he thought was too pop-orientated for the group . When they appeared on BBC 's Top of the Pops to mime to the single , his place was taken by Jim Lea of Slade , who were also on the programme that week . That Top of the Pops appearance was also notable for Rick Parfitt falling into Pete Kircher 's drum set near the end of the song while the song kept playing . On the DVD Hello Quo , Parfitt claims that he had planned this action , although many people thought he was drunk . On the same DVD , Alan Lancaster also said that he was n't so concerned with `` Marguerita Time '' as he was with `` Going Down Town Tonight '' , which - according to him - was not a Status Quo recording and featured no Status Quo musicians apart from Francis Rossi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eba0886583f27c9878f64dd7c3112252", "text": "44th Primetime Emmy Awards The 44th Primetime Emmy Awards were held on Sunday , August 30 , 1992 . The ceremony was broadcast on Fox from the Pasadena Civic Auditorium in Pasadena , California . It was hosted by Tim Allen , Kirstie Alley and Dennis Miller , and directed by Walter C. Miller . Presenters included Roseanne Barr , Tom Arnold , Scott Bakula , Candice Bergen , Corbin Bernsen , Beau Bridges , Lloyd Bridges , and Cindy Crawford . The program was written by Buddy Sheffield and Bruce Vilanch . Over 300 million people watched the ceremony in 30 countries . A rule change , instituted for this year only , stated that regular and guest performers would compete in the same category . There could be lead guest or supporting guest . On the comedy side , Murphy Brown won Outstanding Comedy Series for the second time , winning three major awards on the night , the most for a comedy series . On the drama side , L.A. Laws strangle hold on Outstanding Drama Series came to an end , as Northern Exposure took home the award . Northern Exposure also won three major awards and received nine major nominations , which tied for the most in each category . For the first time in its run , The Golden Girls , then in its seventh and final season , was not nominated for Outstanding Comedy Series . After being on the air for thirty years , The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson finally heard its name called when its final season won for Outstanding Variety , Music , or Comedy Program . The show was first nominated for the category in 1964 and was 0/13 before this ceremony .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fcf061b1751dbd94c1bf0e9fdd5affb5", "text": "The National Farm and Home Hour The National Farm and Home Hour was a variety show which was broadcast in various formats from 1928 to 1958 . Aimed at listeners in rural America , it was known as `` the farmer 's bulletin board '' and was produced by the United States Department of Agriculture with contributions from , and the cooperation of , various farm organizations ( among them the American Farm Bureau , 4-H Club , Farmers Union , Future Farmers of America and the National Grange ) . Raymond Edward Johnson and , later , Don Ameche appeared in dramatic sketches in the role of the Forest Ranger . With live coverage of livestock expositions , harvest festivals and `` the most spectacular happenings in agricultural America , '' the program offered tips to farmers , music and news , plus advice from agencies and government officials . The series first aired on Pittsburgh 's KDKA ( 1928-29 ) , moving to the Blue Network ( later ABC ) from September 30 , 1929 to March 17 , 1945 , usually heard Monday through Saturday at 12:30 ( Eastern ) . Under the sponsorship of Allis-Chalmers , it continued on NBC as a 30-minute show on Saturdays at noon ( Eastern ) from September 15 , 1945 to January 25 , 1958 ; in its final three years ( 1955-58 ) , it would be incorporated into the Saturday lineup of NBC 's weekend anthology Monitor . Host Everett Mitchell opened each broadcast with his trademark line , `` It 's a beautiful day in Chicago ! '' , which became a familiar catch phrase .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df31f8d1951afd099b5fb68bfcf624fe", "text": "The Late Show The Late Show may refer to : The Late Show is an umbrella title used by numerous local television stations in North America from the 1950s to the 1990s for their late night broadcasts of old movies Late Show ( CBS TV series ) , an American television talk show broadcast on CBS since 1993 , formerly hosted by David Letterman , and currently hosted by Stephen Colbert . Late Show with David Letterman ( 1993 -- 2015 ) The Late Show with Stephen Colbert ( 2015 -- present ) The Late Show ( Australian TV series ) , the Australian comedy television show of 1992 -- 1993 The Late Show ( Fox TV series ) , ( 1986-1988 ) a late-night American talk show broadcast by the Fox Network starring Joan Rivers for its first seven months followed by Arsenio Hall in 1987 and then Ross Shafer in 1988 and guest hosts at various times . The Late Show a late night entertainment and talk show which currently airs in Scotland on STV Glasgow from 2015 The Late Show ( BBC TV series ) , a British arts series which aired from late 1989 to 1995 The Late Show ( CBC radio ) , a radio documentary program about obituaries The Late Show ( film ) , a film from 1977 written and directed by Robert Benton Late Show , a 1999 German film by director Helmut Dietl The Late Show ( album ) , a live album by jazz saxophonists Eddie `` Lockjaw '' Davis and Johnny Griffin recorded in 1961 The Late Show ( 1950s TV series ) , a 1957 -- 1959 Australian television variety series", "title": "" }, { "docid": "086b37cc12e766b680c16237e13aa5f6", "text": "Person to Person Person to Person is a popular television program in the United States that originally ran from 1953 to 1961 , with two episodes of an attempted revival airing in 2012 . Edward R. Murrow hosted the original series from its inception in 1953 until 1959 , interviewing celebrities in their homes from a comfortable chair in his New York studio ( his opening : `` Good evening , I 'm Ed Murrow . And the name of the program is ` Person to Person ' . It 's all live -- there 's no film '' ) . In the last two years of its original run , Charles Collingwood was the host . Although Murrow is best remembered as a reporter on programs such as Hear It Now and See It Now and for publicly confronting Senator Joseph McCarthy , on Person to Person he was a pioneer of the celebrity interview . The program was well planned but not strictly scripted , with as many as six cameras and TV lighting installed to cover the guest 's moves through his home , and a microwave link to transmit the signals back to the network . The guests wore wireless microphones to pick up their voices as they moved around the home or its grounds . The interviews were done live . The two 15-minute interviews in each program were typically with very different types of people , such as a movie star and a scientist . Guests often used the appearance to promote their latest project or book .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8541267e08cf6e4ae492902069487f2", "text": "The CBS Late Movie The CBS Late Movie is a CBS television series ( later known as CBS Late Night ) during the 1970s and 1980s . The program ran in most American television markets from 11:30 p.m. ( EST ) until 2:30 a.m. or later , on weeknights . A single announcer ( in the early years , CBS staff announcer Norm Stevens ) voiced the introduction and commercial bumpers for each program , but there was no host per se , or closing credits besides those of the night 's presentation . ( The bumpers announcing the stars of the movie notably rotated names , two or three at a time , so more of the players would be mentioned . ) The program was launched following the cancellation of The Merv Griffin Show , CBS 's late-night talk show from 1969 to 1972 . The show went on to have a long run in first-run syndication following CBS 's cancellation . The CBS Late Movie theme music was `` So Old , So Young '' by Morton Stevens , which also served as the theme music for CBS 's prime-time movies until 1978 . A memorable aspect to the show 's commercial breaks was the frequent appearance of public service announcements , from the Ad Council and other organizations , that often dealt with `` mature '' topics such as venereal disease , sexual and violent crimes , and abuse of hard drugs . Announcements also ran in much greater proportion than during prime time , with commercial breaks lasting longer ; it was not uncommon for the second portion of the show to start at 12:05 AM or 12:40 AM . The CBS Late Night block , however , was not always cleared by every affiliate of the network ; in several markets , the block was either delayed by one hour from its regularly-scheduled time ( most notably in the Central and Mountain time zones ) , picked up by a local independent station ( including those that later affiliated with the Fox television network ) , or not seen at all in certain cities . Those stations that did not carry CBS Late Night instead broadcast movies from their own libraries and/or their own lineup of off-network syndicated sitcoms , drama reruns and first-run syndication products . A large factor in the programming decisions of many CBS affiliates electing not to clear CBS Late Night ( or delaying it ) was due to head-to-head competition with NBC 's The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson , and later entering the 1980s , ABC News ' Nightline . It was not until 1993 , when the Late Show with David Letterman debuted , that CBS ' late night programming ( excluding Nightwatch/Up to the Minute ) was cleared across the entire network .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5f87c69d651ccfe863d5c6c61e648d7", "text": "CBS Evening News The CBS Evening News is the flagship evening television news program of CBS News , the news division of the CBS television network in the United States . The program has been broadcast since May 3 , 1948 under the original title CBS Television News , eventually adopting its current title in 1963 . From June 6 , 2011 to May 30 , 2017 , the weekday editions of the program were anchored by Scott Pelley . As of May 31 , 2017 , the program is anchored by Anthony Mason on an interim basis . Previous anchors have included Douglas Edwards , Walter Cronkite , Dan Rather , Connie Chung , Bob Schieffer , and Katie Couric . Weekend editions of the CBS Evening News weekends began in February 1966 . On May 2 , 2016 , CBS announced that the weekend editions would be rebranded , effective May 7 , as the CBS Weekend News , whose Saturday and Sunday editions are anchored by Reena Ninan and Elaine Quijano respectively . The weekend editions draw from the resources of CBSN , the digital news channel where Ninan and Quijano also serve as anchors . The CBS Evening News airs live at 6:30 pm in the Eastern and 5:30 pm in the Central Time Zones , and are tape delayed for the Mountain Time Zone . A separate `` Western Edition '' , featuring updated segments to provide coverage of breaking news stories , airs pre-recorded at 5:30 pm in the Pacific Time Zone and on tape delay in the Alaska and Hawaii -- Aleutian Time Zones .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87ce610d7570000eae589c93e1a805ce", "text": "Howard Sprague Howard Sprague is a fictional character on the CBS television sitcom The Andy Griffith Show ( TAGS ) , and its spin-off Mayberry R.F.D. . He was played by Jack Dodson from 1966-71 . He was characterized by his milquetoast demeanor , moustache , bow ties , and a penchant for philosophy and culture . Howard was a repressed Mother 's boy who lived with his overbearing and manipulative mother , played by Mabel Albertson . ( TAGS , `` The County Clerk '' , episode # 185 ) . He appeared as the county clerk during the later color episodes of The Andy Griffith Show ( and continued onto Mayberry R.F.D. ) . While Jack Dodson made an earlier appearance as an insurance agent named Ed Jenkins ( TAGS , `` Lost and Found '' , episode 178 ) , he first appeared as Howard in the sixth season ( TAGS , `` The County Clerk '' , episode # 185 . ) This was not unusual on the show : other TAGS regulars were first introduced with different names : Hope Summers , who played Clara Edwards , first appeared as Bertha Johnson ; Goober Pyle was first called Goober Beasley ; and Arlene Golonka , who played Millie Swanson , was introduced as Millie Hutchins . Due to his upbringing , Howard was socially stymied , especially when it came to dating . His mother even tried to thwart a double date he had with Sheriff Andy Taylor , Helen Crump , and a nurse , by feigning heart palpitations ( TAGS , `` The County Clerk '' , episode # 185 ) . Later , when Howard was about to join a men 's social club , his mother manipulated Goober Pyle with a sob story in an attempt to blackball his membership ( TAGS , `` The Lodge '' , episode # 192 ) . Opie once said Howard threw a baseball `` just like Aunt Bee '' . When his mother remarried and moved to Mount Pilot , Howard sought to metamorphosize into a swinging hipster ( TAGS , `` The Wedding '' , episode # 246 ) . Wearing a smoking jacket and ascot , his plain home became a mod bachelor pad , with threshold-beads , and floor pillows . In the episode `` Howard 's New Life '' , he tried to recreate himself by moving to a Caribbean island ( St. Benedict 's ) to become a beachcomber . Bored , he soon returned to Mayberry and resumed his drab bureaucratic job . Howard 's brief love interest/fiancee on The Andy Griffith Show was Millie Swanson ( Arlene Golonka ) , a character who later dated Sam Jones ( Ken Berry ) on the spin-off series Mayberry R.F.D. Millie and Howard soon realized their incompatibility and mutually agreed to dissolve the relationship right before they were to wed. . Despite his awkwardness , Howard proved to be quite a sportsman . He caught `` Old Sam '' , the much coveted legendary fish in Tucker 's Lake , thus antagonizing the town 's seasoned anglers ( TAGS , `` Big Fish In A Small Town '' , episode # 198 ) . He also proved to be an excellent bowler , after joining Emmett Clark 's bowling team and astonishing everyone by scoring a perfect game ( TAGS , `` Howard The Bowler '' , episode # 224 ) . Howard even parachuted from an airplane to appease a thrill-seeking lady friend ( Mayberry RFD , `` Howard 's Hobby '' , episode # 18 ) . Howard had two brushes with stardom . First he appeared on the `` Colonel Tims Talent Time '' television show performing his stand-up comedy act , which consisted of personal affronts to his neighbors and `` one-horse '' jokes about Mayberry , causing him to be temporarily snubbed by the townsfolk ( TAGS , `` Howard The Comedian '' , episode # 216 ) . Mayberry city council once sent him with Emmett Clark to a New York City TV station to promote traditional , small town values . Howard soon did a backspin and became an unabashed New Yorker , replete with a loud , paisley Nehru suit and hair bangs ( Mayberry RFD , `` The Panel '' , episode 6 ) . In the 1986 television movie Return to Mayberry , Howard was revisited ( along with most of the surviving cast ) . In a funk about aging , the clerk was seen throughout the movie in various hues of hair color . He appeared in character on It 's Garry Shandling 's Show in the 1990 episode ` The Day Howard Moved In ' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec3538ea33f95598f0230b957a604222", "text": "The Statler Brothers Show The Statler Brothers Show was an American television variety show hosted by country music group The Statler Brothers . The show ran for seven seasons from 1991 to 1998 on The Nashville Network ( TNN ) as part of the network 's Saturday night lineup and became the most popular show on TNN , including being the highest rated show in the network 's history . The show 's theme music is an instrumental of `` The Class of ' 57 , '' one of the Statlers ' biggest hits as performed by the Bill Walker Orchestra , which along with the Statlers ' band , provided all the music for the show . Each episode of the program opened with a performance by the Statlers of one of their biggest hits , along with comedy interludes from group member Harold Reid . Other regulars on the show over the course of its run included fellow country artists Rex Allen , Jr. , Janie Fricke , Crystal Gayle , and Ronna Reeves , who would also perform their songs on the show . There was also a segment that featured magicians , jugglers , acrobats , etc. . The show also featured a segment called `` Yesteryear , '' in which a year in history was remembered through songs released in that year as well as description of events that occurred in that year as performed and told by the Statlers and the regulars . The segment became so popular at one point that it developed into a stand-alone spin-off series which also aired on TNN , but was short-lived . After `` Yesteryear , '' a similar segment was introduced called `` Music Mail Time , '' in which viewers could write in and request popular songs to be performed by the Statlers and the regulars . Each episode also included major country music guest stars who performed their hits of the day , and the show always closed with a gospel song performed by the Statlers with Bill Walker .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "295f3eac3c82c8f9688fff9ca1974919", "text": "Juice Rap News Juice Rap News is an internet based satirical news show , created in Melbourne , Australia . The show was the creation of a duo , Hugo Farrant and Giordano Nanni , based in Australia and consists of a rapped `` news report '' with social commentary using comical rap lyrics . The show is known for using satire and rap rhyming to analyse important topics of the day in a humorous , yet philosophical fashion . Juice Rap News is distributed via YouTube . Some episodes were licensed to the international television news channel RT for rebroadcast . The audience of Juice Rap News is international and episodes have been translated into more than 20 languages . 35 episodes were produced in total , plus a video announcing that the 35th episode was the final they would produce . However in September 2016 , due to audience demand , Giordano Nanni produced a special episode for that year 's United States presidential election , and announced that the series would continue to produce content from time to time , with a new crew . Nanni and Farrant co-wrote and produced the series together in their home studio in Melbourne , Australia . Nanni focused on content ( crafting the arguments , narrative and perspectives depicted and explored in the show ) ; while Farrant focused on form ( giving the dialogue the `` rhyme and flow '' of rap and performing the vocals of most of the characters ) . Farrant portrayed the anchor Robert Foster and a host of other characters , including the regulars General Baxter and Terrence Moonseed . Nanni also appeared in the show , portraying many characters , such as Aussie correspondent Ken Oathcarn , `` MSMBS '' host Brian Washington , PR host Ivan Sakamunev , Bill de Berg and George Torwell , all using vox by Hugo Farrant . The goal was to provide an alternative view on world events , one that they felt was lacking in popular media outlets .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "11da7b6ecfe4d6361144611dea632226", "text": "Philip Morris Playhouse Philip Morris Playhouse is a 30-minute old-time radio dramatic anthology series . The program '' -LSB- g -RSB- enerally ... featured straight and crime drama , '' radio historian John Dunning wrote . He noted that one of the directors was William Spier , who `` had directed Suspense in its salad days and brought to The Philip Morris Playhouse the same slick production '' that was used in Suspense . Philip Morris Playhouse was broadcast on CBS June 30 , 1939 -- February 18 , 1944 , then returned to the air ( again on CBS ) November 5 , 1948 -- July 29 , 1949 . The 1948 edition replaced a giveaway show , Everybody Wins . Its third and final incarnation on radio was a bit more complicated , as explained on The Digital Deli Too website : The emerging popularity of between three and five other popular playhouse formats of the early 1950s persuaded Philip Morris to resurrect its Philip Morris Playhouse a third time as Phillip Morris Playhouse On Broadway , beginning with its initial CBS run on March 15 , 1951 . Emphasizing Broadway productions , the subsequent series ran over CBS for twenty-six installments , only to jump to NBC on September 11 , 1951 . The series ran on NBC for the remainder of 1951 , jumping back to CBS on January 13 , 1952 . CBS aired the remainder of the canon through September 2 , 1953 . In 1951 , a trade publication reported that the program 's annual budget was $ 1 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4510efe54f7f86020e0da181519ef0c1", "text": "To the Contrary To The Contrary with Bonnie Erbé is PBS 's all-women news-analysis program . The show airs weekly on over 251 PBS stations in the United States , in Canada , and internationally on Voice of America TV . It was created by host Bonnie Erbé and is produced by Persephone Productions in Washington , D.C. . Cari Weiss Stein is executive producer of To the Contrary . Luis Mazariegos has been the producer since 2013 . For the first six years of broadcast the show was filmed at the Maryland Public Television studios in Owings Mills , Maryland . Launched on April 1 , 1992 , each week the show features four female panelists from various backgrounds including politicians , journalists , activists , and professional commentators . These women , with host and moderator Bonnie Erbé , discuss various issues in the news , mainly affecting women , children , families and communities of color . It is a half-hour program . The show tries to focus on how the news affects people , not simply politics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d91ab8e5c0d2a551cb3f28abe0e1992", "text": "Progressive stack A progressive stack is a technique used to give marginalized groups greater chance to speak . The idea originated in New York City . It is sometimes an introduction to , or stepping stone to , consensus decision-making in which simple majorities have less power . The progressive stack technique attempts to counter what its proponents believe is a flaw in traditional representative democracy , where the majority is heard while the minority or non-dominant groups are silenced or ignored . In practice , `` majority culture '' is interpreted by progressive stack practitioners to mean White people , men and young adults , while non-dominant groups include women , people who are lesbian , gay , bisexual , or transgender , people of color , and very young or older people . The `` stack '' in the Occupy movement is the list of speakers who are commenting on proposals or asking questions in public meetings . Anyone can request to be added to the stack . In meetings that do n't use the progressive stack , people speak in the order they were added to the queue . In meetings that use the progressive stack , people from non-dominant groups are allowed to speak before people from dominant groups , by facilitators , or stack-keepers , urging speakers to `` step forward , or step back '' based on which racial , age , or gender group they belong to . A. Barton Hinkle , a columnist for the Richmond Times-Dispatch , has expressed the opinion that `` lining up speakers by race and gender might not seem fair on an individual level , '' and suggests that proponents of the progressive stack care more about class struggle than individual concerns . Among those opposed to the concept of `` progressive stack '' , conservative journalist and author Jim Goad commented satirically on the concept in these terms : `` The concept of intersectionality is also related to the `` progressive stack , '' which assumes that white males at all times bear noxious degrees of unearned power , which is why they have to get to the back of the line and let all the legless black lesbians speak first . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc2bcd75dbed5724ac4978eadab31b25", "text": "Front page The front page is the first page of a publication . Front Page or The Front Page may refer to : Entertainment : The Front Page , a 1928 Broadway comedy written by Ben Hecht and Charles MacArthur , and its adaptations : The Front Page ( 1931 film ) , starring Adolphe Menjou and Pat O'Brien The Front Page ( 1974 film ) , directed by Billy Wilder , starring Jack Lemmon and Walter Matthau The Front Page ( TV series ) , an American series that aired in 1949 Front Page ( film ) , a 1990 Hong Kong film starring Michael Hui Frontpage ( TV series ) , a 2008 Malaysian drama series `` The Front Page '' ( Diff ` rent Strokes ) , the final episode of the sitcom Diff ` rent Strokes Front Page , a 2003 jazz album by Biréli Lagrène , Dominique Di Piazza , and Dennis Chambers Media : FrontPage Magazine , an online political magazine , sometimes known as The Front Page Front Page ( newsmagazine ) , a short-lived newsmagazine TV show that aired in 1993 Frontpage : Ulat ni Mel Tiangco , a Philippine news bulletin Front Page ( New Zealand company ) , a news and political media company Other uses : Microsoft FrontPage , discontinued Web site software", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b21ddaa1f05644beb97e1cf849bc8afb", "text": "The Army Hour The Army Hour was a radio news program in the United States , broadcast on NBC April 5 , 1942-Nov . 11 , 1945 . Planning for The Army Hour , with Col. Edward M. Kirby in charge , began soon after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor . Sponsored by the War Department and the U.S. Army , the program brought `` on-the-spot stories and demonstrations from Army bases and fields of battle '' to listeners back home in America . The program was `` an attempt to bring the reality of the war home to the American people through the power and immediacy of radio . '' One reviewer wrote in a newspaper that the secretary of war had compared The Army Hour broadcasts to `` full-scale military operations ... as far as communications are concerned , '' and the writer agreed . NBC 's investment was significant , also . In 1957 , CBS executive Lou Cowan ( who helped to develop The Army Hour while working with the Office of War Information ) said that the program was `` presented at an annual cost of a half-million dollars to the network -LSB- NBC -RSB- with no financial return . '' Radio historian John Dunning wrote that the program `` gave Americans their first in-depth look at the war and how it was being fought , '' and a 1942 article in the trade publication Billboard described it as `` a weekly official message and a source of authoritative information from the Army to the civilian population of the country ... '' In 1943 , another article in Billboard commented about Army Hour : `` excellent substitute for first-hand knowledge of war ; genuine picture of what loved ones are living thru ; calm and objective presentation of facts of war . ''", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "92e9ed966026002795ccac078ece4c1a", "text": "Marion Cotillard Marion Cotillard ( -LSB- ma.ʁjɔ̃ kɔ.ti.jaʁ -RSB- ; born 30 September 1975 ) is a French actress , singer-songwriter , musician , environmentalist and spokesperson for Greenpeace who achieved international fame with the film La Vie en Rose ( 2007 ) . She is the recipient of an Academy Award , a BAFTA Award , a Golden Globe Award , two César Awards , a European Award , and a Lumières Award . Cotillard has appeared in more than 50 feature films and is also known for being the face of Lady Dior handbags since 2008 . She became a Knight of the Order of Arts and Letters in France in 2010 and promoted to Officer in 2016 . Was named `` The Most Bankable French Actress of the 21st Century '' in 2014 , and described as `` the great silent film actress of our time '' by The Daily Telegraph 's Robbie Collin , for her ability to show emotions only with her eyes and facial expressions , although she has never appeared in a silent film . She received France 's highest honor and was made a Knight of the Legion of Honour in 2016 . Cotillard had her first English-language role in the TV series Highlander in 1993 , made her film debut in The Story of a Boy Who Wanted to Be Kissed ( 1994 ) , her first leading role in the TV film Chloé ( 1996 ) , and made her breakthrough in France playing Lilly Bertineau in the action-comedy Taxi ( 1998 ) , which earned her a César Award nomination for Most Promising Actress and was her first box office hit . She made her Hollywood debut as Joséphine Bloom in Tim Burton 's Big Fish ( 2003 ) . Since 2003 , Cotillard has alternated between French and English-language roles in mainstream and art-house productions , and has received international acclaim and awards for her performances in films such as Tina Lombardi in A Very Long Engagement ( 2004 ) , for which she won her first César Award for Best Supporting Actress . For her portrayal of the French singer Édith Piaf in the biopic La Vie en Rose ( 2007 ) , Cotillard achieved worldwide recognition and won her second César Award , a BAFTA Award , a Golden Globe Award , a Lumières Award and the Academy Award for Best Actress , becoming the first and ( as of 2017 ) only actor to win an Academy Award for a performance in French , and also the second actress and one of only six actors to have won this award for a part spoken in a foreign language . Her performance of Luisa Contini in the musical film Nine ( 2009 ) , earned her a second Golden Globe nomination . She next starred in Michael Mann 's Public Enemies ( 2009 ) as Billie Frechette , and played Mal in Christopher Nolan 's Inception ( 2010 ) . In 2012 , she received widespread critical acclaim for her performance as the double amputee orca trainer Stéphanie in Rust and Bone ( 2012 ) , and was nominated for the Golden Globes , BAFTAs , Critics ' Choice , Screen Actors Guild and the César Awards . She was highly acclaimed and awarded for her lead performances in The Immigrant ( 2013 ) and Two Days , One Night ( 2014 ) , receiving a second Academy Award nomination for Best Actress for the latter , which was also her second nomination for a French-language film and the first time an actor was nominated for a Belgian film . Cotillard became one of only six actors to receive multiple Academy Award nominations for foreign-language performances . Cotillard played Joan of Arc on stage in different countries between 2005 and 2015 in the oratorio Jeanne d'Arc au bûcher . Her English-language roles include Fanny Chenal in A Good Year ( 2006 ) , Adriana in Midnight in Paris ( 2011 ) , Dr. Leonora Orantes in Contagion ( 2011 ) , Miranda Tate in The Dark Knight Rises ( 2012 ) , Lady Macbeth in Macbeth ( 2015 ) , Marianne Beausejour in Allied ( 2016 ) and Dr. Sofia Rikkin in Assassin 's Creed ( 2016 ) . She provided voice acting for animated films as The Rose in The Little Prince ( 2015 ) , April in April and the Extraordinary World ( 2015 ) and Scarlet Overkill in the French version of Minions ( 2015 ) . Her other notable French and Belgian films include La Belle Verte ( 1996 ) , Furia ( 1999 ) , War in the Highlands ( 1999 ) , Lisa ( 2001 ) , Pretty Things ( 2001 ) , Love Me If You Dare ( 2003 ) , Innocence ( 2004 ) , Toi et Moi ( 2006 ) and Dikkenek ( 2006 ) .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "c71053c6dcea1f9b5eadc527eda6f660", "text": "2007 in French television This is a list of French television related events from 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e37cdd4478b5836607c9fbf853f28a42", "text": "Stolen Kisses Stolen Kisses ( Baisers volés ) is a 1968 French romantic comedy-drama film directed by François Truffaut starring Jean-Pierre Léaud and Claude Jade . It continues the story of the character Antoine Doinel , whom Truffaut had previously depicted in The 400 Blows and the short film Antoine and Colette . In this film , Antoine begins his relationship with Christine Darbon , which is depicted further in the last two films in the series , Bed & Board and Love on the Run . The original French title of the film comes from a line in Charles Trenet 's song `` Que reste-t-il de nos amours ? '' which is also used as the film 's signature tune . The film was nominated for Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film . The film begins with a pan onto the locked gates of the Cinémathèque Française then based at the Palais du Chaillot . On the gates there is a sign ` Relache ' ( ` Closed ' ) . This is Truffaut 's reference to the Affaire Langlois when the head of the Cinémathèque had been sacked by the French government . He was eventually reinstated after filmmakers like Truffaut used all their wiles to foment protest .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b716578a418d5dfca9839910ab0c96b0", "text": "Caroline Cellier Caroline Cellier ( born 1945 ) is a French actress . She has appeared in such films as L'année des méduses ( Year of the Jellyfish ) , La vie , l'amour , la mort , Le zèbre and .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a7512ebb030fc56583a0f553f03dd4c4", "text": "Enchanted (film) Enchanted is a 2007 American live-action/animated musical fantasy romantic comedy film , produced by Walt Disney Pictures with New York Academy Barry Sonnenfeld and Josephson Entertainment . Written by Bill Kelly and directed by Kevin Lima , the film stars Amy Adams , Patrick Dempsey , James Marsden , Timothy Spall , Idina Menzel , Rachel Covey , and Susan Sarandon . The plot focuses on Giselle , an archetypal Disney Princess , who is forced from her traditional animated world of Andalasia into the live-action world of New York City . Enchanted was the first Disney film to be distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures , instead of Buena Vista Pictures Distribution . The film is both a homage to , and a self-parody of , Disney 's animated features , making numerous references to Disney 's past works through the combination of live-action filmmaking , traditional animation , and computer-generated imagery . It marks the return of traditional animation to a Disney feature film after the company 's decision to move entirely to computer animation in 2004 . Composer Alan Menken and lyricist Stephen Schwartz , who had written songs for previous Disney films , produced the songs of Enchanted , with Menken also composing its score . The animation sequences were produced at James Baxter Animation in Pasadena . Filming of the live action segments took place around New York City . It premiered on October 20 , 2007 , at the London Film Festival before its wide release on November 21 , 2007 , in the United States . Enchanted was well-received critically , established Adams as a leading lady , and earned more than $ 340 million worldwide at the box office . It won three Saturn Awards , including Best Fantasy Film and Best Actress for Adams . Enchanted also received two nominations at the 65th Golden Globe Awards and three Best Original Song nominations at the 80th Academy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1001750783dc7c28854877693d0bfe8f", "text": "Viva la vie Viva la vie is a 1984 French film directed by Claude Lelouch .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e2a43387837b4ccc3eadfb85f309f8b6", "text": "Michel Serrault Michel Serrault ( 24 January 1928 -- 29 July 2007 ) was a French stage actor and film star who appeared from 1954 until ( including ) 2007 in more than 150 films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e8ca5a091d49bddff86c500b817eb3a", "text": "Les Bêtises (film) Les Bêtises is a 2015 French comedy film written and directed by Rose and Alice Philippon .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "030647bf43f7ea97daacfca193ebb909", "text": "I Do (2006 film) I Do ( Original title : Prête-moi ta main ) or Rent a Wife ( international working title ) , is a 2006 French romantic comedy directed by Éric Lartigau , based on an original idea by Alain Chabat . The film stars Charlotte Gainsbourg , Alain Chabat and Bernadette Lafont . It is Chabat and Gainsbourg 's third collaboration , after Ils se marièrent et eurent beaucoup d'enfants ( 2004 ) and The Science of Sleep ( 2006 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "24a76c7c15508530447a1bca08daa0a1", "text": "The Girl in the Park The Girl in the Park is a 2007 drama film by David Auburn , who makes his directorial debut here after having written the films Proof in 2005 and The Lake House in 2006 . It stars Sigourney Weaver , Kate Bosworth and Keri Russell , among others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a38412627c36d03c9ac7afc5bad3377f", "text": "Aloïse (film) Aloïse is a 1975 French drama film directed by Liliane de Kermadec . It was entered into the 1975 Cannes Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4df38fab86864ae21c18b3a17f91d3fd", "text": "Game of Life (film) Game of Life ( originally known as Oranges ) is a 2007 film drama starring Tom Sizemore , Tom Arnold , Heather Locklear and Jill Hennessy . The film was not fully released until 2011 , when it was released under the new title Game of Life .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "36b471d3a22225333473172123af5d1e", "text": "South of Pico South of Pico is a 2007 drama film written and directed by Ernst Gossner set in Los Angeles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ab08c9e39fd7a9453d34feb18dd3eb2", "text": "Milan noir Milan noir is a 1987 French thriller film directed by Ronald Chammah and starring Isabelle Huppert .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4c360b9dea0e5a4ecf4be66e29763b1", "text": "Stolen Life (1998 film) Stolen Life ( original title : Voleur de vie ) is a 1998 French drama film directed and co-written by Yves Angelo and starring Emmanuelle Béart and Sandrine Bonnaire . It is based on a novel by Icelandic author Steinunn Sigurðardóttir .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f29c80bedf4d6e15980ba6e46fb42c72", "text": "Humanitaire! Humanitaire ! is a 2007 film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b62f6d8198a4c848947296e189d2c741", "text": "Caroline and the Rebels Caroline and the Rebels ( Le Fils de Caroline chérie ) is a 1955 French adventure film starring Brigitte Bardot . The film recorded 1,667,829 admissions in France .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae3ed33139ddf292ea0c43809d6c8e5e", "text": "Chantal (film) Chantal is a 2007 direct-to-video film written and directed by Tony Marsiglia about a small town girl wanting to make it big in Hollywood .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0993717646d269c6262eb15d6c27e68f", "text": "Talk Talk Talk (film) is a 2007 Japanese youth romantic drama film directed by Hideyuki Hirayama .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c5a83c245b3255065553c15d11ece2b", "text": "Subhadram Subhadram is a 2007 Indian Malayalam film , directed by Sreelal Devaraj , starring Jagathy Sreekumar and Suraj Venjaramoodu in the lead roles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e79e9653c66faf22f9ddff0fad563176", "text": "Charlotte Valandrey Charlotte Valandrey ( born 29 November 1968 in Paris , France ) is a French actress . After early success she was widely tipped for stardom , but her career took a more modest course until the release of her autobiography in 2005 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "3ecbaca64c97f41ddb4f5c1563ba8333", "text": "Cinderella (2015 Disney film) Cinderella is a 2015 American romantic fantasy film directed by Kenneth Branagh , with a screenplay written by Chris Weitz . The film is based on the eponymous folk tale and inspired in part by Walt Disney 's 1950 animated film . The film stars Lily James as the titular character with Richard Madden , Cate Blanchett , Stellan Skarsgård , Holliday Grainger , Derek Jacobi and Helena Bonham Carter . It is produced by David Barron , Simon Kinberg and Allison Shearmur for Walt Disney Pictures . Cinderella had its world premiere on February 13 , 2015 , at the 65th Berlin International Film Festival and was released in theaters on March 13 , 2015 . It grossed over $ 543 million worldwide , becoming Branagh 's highest-grossing film to date , and received mostly positive reviews . The film received an Academy Award nomination for Best Costume Design at the 88th Academy Awards .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b1205c92aa6005c32c5a88d8908c9903", "text": "The Magic Shoes The Magic Shoes is a 1935 Australian short film based on the fairy tale Cinderella . It features the first screen performance by Peter Finch and Helen Hughes , daughter of former Prime Minister William Hughes and was the first dramatised movie to be shot at the National Studios , built to make The Flying Doctor ( 1936 ) . Today The Magic Shoes is considered a lost film . However 33 production and publicity stills relating to the film were discovered in 2006 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b5909d535fdd2055f6cbb1d0b1ef214", "text": "Samantha Morton Samantha Jane Morton ( born 13 May 1977 ) is an English actress , screenwriter and director . She has received critical acclaim and numerous accolades throughout her career , including one BAFTA Award , one BIFA Award , one Golden Globe Award and has been nominated twice for an Academy Award and once for an Emmy Award . She has been described as one of the greatest actresses of her generation . Brought up in Nottingham , Morton joined the Central Junior Television Workshop , and soon began her career in British television in 1991 . She guest-starred in Soldier Soldier and Cracker and appeared from 1995 to 1996 in the ITV series Band of Gold . She made the transition to film with lead roles in the dramas Emma ( 1996 ) , Jane Eyre ( 1997 ) and the well-received Under the Skin ( 1997 ) . The latter made director Woody Allen cast Morton in Sweet and Lowdown ( 1999 ) , which earned her nominations for the Academy Award and the Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actress . In the 2000s , Morton continued to draw critical praise for her performances in numerous arthouse and independent films . Her role in Morvern Callar ( 2002 ) garnered her the BIFA Award for Best Actress , and she received her second Academy Award nomination , this time in the Best Actress category , for In America ( 2003 ) . She also found mainstream success with the science fiction thriller Minority Report ( 2002 ) . For her role in 2006 's television biopic Longford , she received BAFTA and Emmy Award nominations and won the Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actress -- Television Film . Morton starred in the dramas Control ( 2007 ) , Synecdoche , New York ( 2008 ) and The Messenger ( 2009 ) , and she made her directorial debut with the British television film The Unloved ( 2009 ) , winning the BAFTA Television Award for Best Single Drama . Her most recent acting credits include the science fiction action film John Carter ( 2012 ) , the thriller Cosmopolis ( 2012 ) , the drama Decoding Annie Parker ( 2013 ) , the period film Miss Julie ( 2014 ) , the European limited series The Last Panthers ( 2015 ) and the film adaptation Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them ( 2016 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c51f5194c39301a2955ca48ae72414d5", "text": "Cinderella Stamp Club The Cinderella Stamp Club was founded on 5 June 1959 in London , England , and is an association of philatelists , amateur and professional , whose interests lie in local stamps , telegraph stamps , railway stamps , revenue stamps , fiscals , forgeries , bogus and phantom issues , Christmas , Red Cross , TB and other charity seals , registration labels , advertisement and poster stamps and many other items - all of which are the so-called `` Cinderellas of Philately '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f816f28fc3c2e781f4fbf601c50f650", "text": "Cinderella (i5 song) `` Cinderella '' is the first single from The Cheetah Girls ' self-titled soundtrack album The Cheetah Girls , as well as their debut single . It officially premiered on Radio Disney on July 23 , 2003 . It is a cover of the i5 song `` Cinderella '' . The single was released officially on August 12 , 2003 . The song has a pop sound and was written by Lindy Robbins and Kevin Savigar .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba39440b0fcda0b66854a091b66c9a9c", "text": "Palace Theatre, Westcliff-on-Sea The Palace Theatre is a theatre in the town of Westcliff-on-Sea in the English county of Essex . The theatre presents a range of performances , including drama , music and both local and national touring companies . The theatre was built by Ward & Ward of London and was opened in October 1912 . It was named the `` Palace of Varieties '' in November that year . In December it was renamed `` The New Palace '' and a small annexe at the back of the stage was built to facilitate projection for cinema . In the interwar period the theatre mainly presented touring ballet and repertory companies . The theatre and its business continued through World War II , however there were some financial troubles and a period of closure , and a number of companies held the lease of the theatre thereafter . In 1957 the Palace Theatre Club was created with the intention to protect the interests of the theatre and raise funds for it . In 1969 the Palace Theatre suffered a major financial crisis and was closed , however a petition by the Palace Theatre Club led to its reopening in 1970 and the establishment of the Palace Theatre Trust . After extensive redecorations in 1973 and 1986 and the addition of the adjacent building to the theatre as the Dixon Studio in 1980 , in March 1999 the theatre was closed again , but was reopened in 2001 under new management . The theatre was closed in 2002 when the management left without explanation , however it reopened again in 2003 under the newly formed Southend Theatres , the result of a merger of the Cliffs Pavilion and the Palace Theatre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c240925fb5282b073aeb4734d174905", "text": "Claire Foy Claire Foy ( born 16 April 1984 ) is an English actress . She studied drama and screen studies at Liverpool John Moores University and trained at the Oxford School of Drama , where she appeared in four plays , including Watership Down . She made her screen debut in the pilot episode of Being Human ( 2008 ) and in an episode of the BBC soap opera Doctors ( 2008 ) . Following her professional stage debut at the Royal National Theatre , she played the title role in the BBC One production of Little Dorrit , ( 2008 ) , and made her film debut as Anna in Season of the Witch ( 2011 ) . She had main roles as Erin Matthews in the Channel 4 series The Promise ( 2011 ) and several other television films and miniseries , including as Kate Balfour in the NBC series Crossbones ( 2014 ) . She received unanimous praise for her performance as Anne Boleyn in BBC2 's Wolf Hall ( 2015 ) , for which she was nominated for the British Academy Television Award for Best Actress and the Critics ' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Movie/Miniseries . Since 2016 , she has portrayed the young Queen Elizabeth II on the Netflix series The Crown , a role for which she has received critical acclaim and won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress - Television Series Drama and the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Drama Series , and was nominated for the BAFTA TV Award for Best Actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc4f19f62e1649e6dd930e9ff1c141b1", "text": "Hugh Grant Hugh John Mungo Grant ( born 9 September 1960 ) is an English actor and film producer . Grant has received a Golden Globe , a BAFTA , and an Honorary César for his work . His films have earned more than US$ 2.4 billion from 25 theatrical releases worldwide . Grant first received attention after earning the Volpi Cup for his performance in James Ivory 's Maurice ( 1987 ) but achieved international success after appearing in the Richard Curtis-scripted Four Weddings and a Funeral ( 1994 ) . Grant used this breakthrough role as a frequent cinematic persona during the 1990s , delivering comic performances in films such as Mickey Blue Eyes ( 1999 ) and Notting Hill ( 1999 ) . One of the best known figures in 1990s British popular culture , Grant was in a high-profile relationship with Elizabeth Hurley , which was the focus of much attention in the British and international media . By the turn of the 21st century , Grant had established himself as a leading man , skilled with a satirical comic talent . Grant has expanded his oeuvre with critically acclaimed turns as a cad in Bridget Jones 's Diary ( 2001 ) , About a Boy ( 2002 ) , and American Dreamz ( 2006 ) . Grant later played against type with multiple cameo roles in the epic sci-fi drama film , Cloud Atlas ( 2012 ) . He 's also known for appearing in period pieces such as The Remains of the Day ( 1993 ) , Sense and Sensibility ( 1995 ) and Florence Foster Jenkins ( 2016 ) . Within the film industry , Grant is cited as an anti-star who approaches his roles like a character actor , and attempts to make his acting appear spontaneous . Hallmarks of his comic skills include a nonchalant touch of irony/sarcasm and studied physical mannerisms , as well as his precisely-timed dialogue delivery and facial expressions . The entertainment media 's coverage of Grant 's life off the big screen has often overshadowed his work as an actor . Grant has been outspoken about his antipathy towards the profession of acting , and in his disdain towards the culture of celebrity and hostility towards the media . In a career spanning 30 years , Grant has repeatedly claimed that acting was not his true calling , but rather a career that unintentionally developed by happenstance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1d2193852ca4898565783dfaac444bf", "text": "Foggerty's Fairy Foggerty 's Fairy , subtitled `` An Entirely Original Fairy Farce '' , is a three-act farce by W.S. Gilbert based loosely on Gilbert 's short story , `` The Story of a Twelfth Cake '' , which was published in the Christmas Number of The Graphic in 1874 , and elements of other Gilbert plays . The story concerns a man who , with the help of a fairy , changes a small event in his past to try to save his engagement to the girl he loves . This leads to profound changes in his present , and he finds that matters are even worse than before . Foggerty 's Fairy opened at the Criterion Theatre in London on 15 December 1881 . Charles Wyndham , the manager of the Criterion , starred as the lead character , Frederick Foggerty . Despite Wyndham 's star power , interest in the play 's bold and original premise and reviews that were at least partly positive , the play was not a success . It closed on 6 January 1882 after about 25 performances . Disappointed , Gilbert turned back to writing comic operas with Arthur Sullivan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b88cd5e81c756601c61d1bd406ebf52", "text": "Anna Fantastic Anna Garcia , whose legal name is Anna Florence and is professionally known as Anna Fantastic ( a name given to her by Prince ) , is an English actress , singer and model .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f145c0bef4269adfc6f82963bafc79a4", "text": "Mrs. Fitzherbert Mrs. Fitzherbert , also known as Princess Fitz and A Court Secret , is a rarely seen 1947 British historical drama film directed by Montgomery Tully and starring Peter Graves , Joyce Howard and Leslie Banks . It depicts the relationship between George IV and Maria Fitzherbert .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a894b0705d32bfaf75922aaa2d1a1ef0", "text": "Linda Henry Linda Valiris , known professionally by her maiden name , Linda Henry ( born 1 January 1963 ) is an English actress , known for her roles as Yvonne Atkins in the ITV television drama Bad Girls ( 1999 -- 2003 ) and Shirley Carter in the BBC soap opera EastEnders , a role she has played since 2006 . She had previously appeared in EastEnders as the original Lorraine Salter , the mother of Mandy Salter ( Nicola Stapleton ) from 1991 to 1992 . Her other TV credits include Cracker ( 1995 ) , Prime Suspect ( 1997 ) and Trial & Retribution ( 1998 ) . She has also appeared in the films Beautiful Thing ( 1996 ) and The Business ( 2005 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06933e57bfcc59ab996445431d9be8a9", "text": "Mary and Martha (film) Mary and Martha is a 2013 British-American television film starring Hilary Swank and Brenda Blethyn , and directed by Phillip Noyce . Based on a screenplay by Richard Curtis , it was produced by Working Title Television , in association with the BBC and NBCUniversal . The film had its UK premiere on March 1 , 2013 on the BBC and premiered in the US on HBO on April 20 , 2013 . based on a true story .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6105aa37458c437cb4b2e2d9c5702b81", "text": "Haymarket Theatre (Leicester) The Haymarket Theatre is a theatre in Leicester , England , based in the Haymarket Shopping Centre on Belgrave Gate in Leicester city centre . The Leicester City Council purchased a 99-year lease of the Haymarket Theatre on behalf of the public on 29 September 1974 . The Leicester Theatre Trust operated the theatre from this date then vacated in 2007 in favour of the new Curve Theatre , Leicester on Halford Street . The Metal Tree sculpture by Hubert Dalwood , located at the front of the entrance to the Haymarket Theatre , is the only major piece of abstract sculpture in the city centre . The Haymarket Theatre was opened by Sir Ralph Richardson and the opening season started with The Recruiting Officer on the 17th October 1973 , Economic Necessity on the 24th of October and Cabaret on the 21st of November . The last show on was Wizard of Oz starring Helena Blackman and Ceri Dupree in 2006 . On 3 June 2016 plans were announced to re-open the Haymarket Theatre as a performance and training venue .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d525b838ed15313ba8602514816493e", "text": "The Cinderella Movement The Cinderella Movement was a late nineteenth century British movement to provide food and entertainment for poor children . Individuals formed `` Cinderella Clubs '' , named after the fairy tale character Cinderella , to address specific problems associated with children 's welfare .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "915b766de28133a6982b7d2d3f4d137f", "text": "The Prince and the Showgirl The Prince and the Showgirl ( originally called The Sleeping Prince ) is a 1957 British-American romantic comedy film starring Marilyn Monroe and Laurence Olivier . Olivier also served as director and producer . The screenplay by Terence Rattigan was based on his 1953 stage play The Sleeping Prince . It was filmed in London .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd348be8ba90c2709061561302644188", "text": "Giving Victims a Voice Giving Victims a Voice is a report published in January 2013 , relating to allegations of sexual abuse made against English DJ and BBC Television presenter Jimmy Savile ( 1926 -- 2011 ) as part of the Operation Yewtree criminal investigation . It was initiated as a result of publicity surrounding the Jimmy Savile sexual abuse scandal . The Metropolitan Police Service ( MPS ) and the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children ( NSPCC ) jointly produced this report . It marked the end of investigations made under the operation regarding Savile alone . The scandal resulted in hundreds of alleged victims of Savile and other abusers approaching the police and the NSPCC . Their claims were investigated and formed the basis of the report , which found that Savile 's alleged offences were committed across England and Scotland , in hospitals , prison facilities , schools and BBC premises . Offences were reported between 1955 and 2009 , totalling 214 alleged offences across 28 police forces . The most frequent alleged offending coincided with Savile 's peak celebrity status . Numbers of alleged victims totalled 450 , of whom 328 were minors at the time . They were aged between 8 and 47 years , majority being 1316 . The Director of Public Prosecutions ( DPP ) described the report as marking a `` watershed moment '' and apologised for `` shortcomings '' in the handling of prior abuse claims . The report 's publication resulted in some highlighting what could be systemic failure because of the number of complainants and institutions identified , but others criticised it for treating allegations as facts . The DPP 's Principal Legal Advisor concluded that Savile could have been prosecuted for offences against at least three victims during his lifetime . After the report , investigations were further initiated in other hospitals . Ex-Metropolitan Police Commissioner Peter Spindler ( who had previously led Operation Yewtree ) estimated that there may be many more victims who had not come forward .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c7b136bccc7dd00ff157c24e460c96c", "text": "Ellie Kendrick Eleanor Lucy V. `` Ellie '' Kendrick ( born 6 June 1990 ) is an English actress best known for playing Anne Frank in the BBC 's 2009 miniseries The Diary of Anne Frank , Ivy Morris in the first series of the 2010 revived Upstairs Downstairs , and Meera Reed in the HBO series Game of Thrones .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3342fd005c044356b5476bb3bf07ddc9", "text": "Diana: Last Days of a Princess Diana : Last Days of a Princess is a television movie broadcast in the United States by TLC on 12 August 2007 and subsequent dates . It also has aired on Five , UKTV History and UKTV Drama in Great Britain , RTÉ in Ireland , ProSieben in Germany , TF1 in France , RTP in Portugal , Channel 7 in Australia , Channel One in Russia , Jim in Finland and the History Channel in India . The film purports to be a fairly accurate ( albeit semi-fictionalized ) account of the last two months in the life of Diana , Princess of Wales , leading up to her death on 31 August 1997 . It is a mix of scripted scenes , actual news footage , and recent interviews with some of the principals present during the period portrayed , including Mohamed Al-Fayed and editors from The Sunday Mirror , giving it a hybrid drama-documentary feel . Much of Jenny Lecoat 's teleplay is based on testimony found in the 800-page Paget Report , published in 2006 by the United Kingdom 's Metropolitan Police Service following a four-year-long investigation . Richard Dale directed a cast that includes Genevieve O'Reilly as Diana , Patrick Baladi as Dodi Al-Fayed , and Shaun Dooley as Al-Fayed family security guard Trevor Rees-Jones , Nadim Sawalha as Mohamed Al-Fayed , and Carlo Ferrante as Henri Paul , the driver of the car in which he , Diana , and Dodi were killed during a high-speed escape from paparazzi through the streets of Paris . The Halton House in Wendover , Buckinghamshire served as the backdrop for scenes taking place at the Hôtel Ritz Paris . Other film locations included Hertfordshire , Paris ( including the Pont de l'Alma Tunnel in which the car crashed ) and Cannes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "275664bcd87b4620bff410f3595e85a4", "text": "Diana Vickers discography The discography of Diana Vickers , a British singer-songwriter , consists of two studio albums , one extended play , and seven singles . Vickers debuted in 2008 as a contestant on the The X Factor , a British television music competition . Her fourth-place finish brought Vickers to the attention of RCA Records , which signed her in 2009 . Vickers released her debut studio album Songs from the Tainted Cherry Tree in May 2010 . The album reached number one on the United Kingdom albums chart and the top ten of the Irish and Scottish album charts . In August 2010 , it was certified gold by the British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) . Two singles were released from the album : `` Once '' and `` The Boy Who Murdered Love '' , with `` Once '' peaking at number one in the UK . `` My Wicked Heart '' , a non-album song , followed in late 2010 . In July 2011 , Vickers parted ways with RCA Records citing `` musical differences '' in the direction for the second album as the reason behind the mutual split . In February 2013 , it was revealed that Vickers had signed a worldwide record deal with So Recordings . On 9 April 2013 , it was confirmed that the lead single to Vickers ' second album is titled `` Cinderella '' , with a preview snippet being made available on iTunes . `` Cinderella '' was released to digital retailers on 21 July 2013 in the UK . Vickers ' second album titled , Music to Make Boys Cry followed on 15 September 2013 in the UK and Ireland along with the title track serving as the album 's second single . The album charted at number thirty-seven on the UK Albums Chart and number nine on the UK Indie Chart on 22 September 2013 . It also broke into the Top 20 of the Irish Independent Albums Chart peaking at number nineteen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5f3a6d049109a6b8bf3e89fcd6c7f22", "text": "Helene Stanley Dolores Diane Freymouth ( July 17 , 1929 -- December 27 , 1990 ) , better known by the stage name of Helene Stanley , was an American actress and a live model for Cinderella and other Disney characters .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "1b2c6050c18eaccd08c37fed6c588d37", "text": "Anne Hathaway Anne Jacqueline Hathaway ( born November 12 , 1982 ) is an American actress and singer . Born in Brooklyn , New York and brought up in Millburn , New Jersey , Hathaway was inspired to act by her mother and as a high school student was nominated for the Paper Mill Playhouse Rising Star Award for Best Performance by a High School Actress for her performance in Once Upon a Mattress . She made her professional screen debut in the short-lived Fox television series Get Real ( 1999 -- 2000 ) , before landing the lead role of Mia Thermopolis in the Disney comedy film The Princess Diaries ( 2001 ) , for which she won the Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Actress -- Comedy . Hathaway went on to become a widely praised `` role model for children '' for her roles in Nicholas Nickleby ( 2002 ) , Ella Enchanted ( 2004 ) , The Princess Diaries 2 : Royal Engagement ( 2004 ) , and Hoodwinked ! ( 2005 ) . Hathaway began to transition to more adult roles in 2005 , winning a DVD Exclusive Award for Best Actress for Havoc ( 2005 ) , receiving a Screen Actors Guild Award nomination for her role in the critically acclaimed Brokeback Mountain ( 2005 ) , garnering further recognition for appearing alongside Meryl Streep in The Devil Wears Prada ( 2006 ) , and earning a BIFA nomination for Best Performance by an Actress for her portrayal of Jane Austen in Becoming Jane ( 2007 ) . Hathaway received praise for her performance as a recovering drug addict in Rachel Getting Married ( 2008 ) , for which she won the Critics ' Choice Movie Award for Best Actress and was nominated for the Academy , Golden Globe , Screen Actors Guild , and Indie Spirit Awards for Best Actress / Female Lead . She went on to win her second Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Actress -- Comedy for starring in Bride Wars ( 2009 ) and in 2010 , appeared in the box office hits Valentine 's Day , Alice in Wonderland and Love & Other Drugs , which earned her the Satellite Award for Best Actress and a nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress -- Motion Picture Comedy or Musical . In 2011 , Hathaway voiced Jewel in the animated film Rio and hosted the 83rd Academy Awards with James Franco , which was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Special Class Program . In 2012 , she portrayed Catwoman in Christopher Nolan 's The Dark Knight Rises , for which she won the Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress . The same year , she starred as Fantine in Tom Hooper 's Les Misérables , which earned her widespread acclaim and she won the Academy , Golden Globe , BAFTA , and SAG Awards for Best Supporting Actress . Hathaway has since gone on to appear in Rio 2 ( 2014 ) , Interstellar ( 2014 ) , The Intern ( 2015 ) , and reprised her role as the White Queen in Alice Through the Looking Glass ( 2016 ) . People magazine named Hathaway one of its breakthrough stars of 2001 , and she appeared on its list of the world 's 50 Most Beautiful People in 2006 . Following a four-year relationship with real estate developer Raffaello Follieri , Hathaway married Adam Shulman in 2012 , with whom she has one son , born in March 2016 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "441b95012d241276a017ecd9be7900a6", "text": "Barbara Berkeley, Viscountess Fitzhardinge Barbara Berkeley , Viscountess Fitzhardinge ( née Villiers ; c. 165419 September 1708 ) was a lady-in-waiting to Queen Anne of Great Britain and governess to Prince William , Duke of Gloucester . Her sister Elizabeth Villiers ( later Countess of Orkney ) was the acknowledged mistress of William III of England from 1680 to 1695 . Born to Colonel Sir Edward Villiers of Richmond and Lady Frances Howard ( a descendant of John Howard , 1st Duke of Norfolk ) , Barbara became a maid of honour to the princesses of York before Mary married William in 1677 . Instead of accompanying her sisters Anne , Katherine and Elizabeth to The Hague , Barbara remained in England to join Anne 's household , attracting the companionship of Sarah Churchill , Duchess of Marlborough , and invoking a sense of jealousy and rage within their royal mistress , Queen Anne . Naturally ambitious like the rest of her family , Barbara mixed scintillating wit with devious deception in order to promote dissatisfaction against the Churchills , who came to abhor the reign of William and Mary ( 1689 -- 1702 ) . Barbara was thought to be a secret Jacobite .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f947aa50fb13fa76bb4bafe3e0cdc666", "text": "Royal Berkshire Militia The Royal Berkshire Militia was a militia regiment in the United Kingdom from 1759 to 1881 , when it was amalgamated into The Princess Charlotte of Wales 's ( Berkshire Regiment ) . A Berkshire Militia was embodied at Reading during the English Civil War , but with no formal connection to the later regiment . The regiment was organised in 1759 , as the Berkshire Militia , and designated `` Royal '' the following year . It was embodied in 1778 , at which time it was ranked the 34th regiment of militia , and remained active for five years . It was regularly re-ranked through its embodiment , becoming the 11th in 1779 , 25th in 1780 , 29th in 1781 , and 20th in 1782 . It was embodied again in 1793 for the French Revolutionary Wars , ranked as the 30th . With the resumption of hostilities in 1803 , it was embodied as the 37th , and disembodied in 1816 following the peace . In 1833 , it was ranked as the 7th . It saw service during the Crimean War , being embodied in 1855 and volunteering for garrison service in the Mediterranean , being embodied again in late 1857 and finally disembodied in 1858 . In 1881 , under the Childers Reforms , the regiment was transferred into The Princess Charlotte of Wales 's ( Berkshire Regiment ) as the 3rd Battalion . This was embodied during the South African War in 1900 . It was disembodied in mid-1901 . During the Haldane Reforms in 1908 the battalion was transferred to the Special Reserve , and was embodied on mobilisation in 1914 for the First World War . As with all Special Reserve battalions , it served as a regimental depot , and was disembodied following the end of hostilities in 1919 , with personnel transferred to the 2nd Battalion . The battalion nominally remained in existence throughout the Second World War , but was never activated , and was finally disbanded in 1953 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "02334561ad9946f0bd66182546366201", "text": "The Lizzie Bennet Diaries The Lizzie Bennet Diaries is an American web series adapted from Jane Austen 's Pride and Prejudice . The story is conveyed in the form of vlogs . It was created by Hank Green and Bernie Su , produced by Jenni Powell and stars Ashley Clements , Mary Kate Wiles , Laura Spencer , Julia Cho and Daniel Vincent Gordh . It premiered on a dedicated YouTube channel on April 9 , 2012 , and subsequently concluded when the 100th episode was posted on March 28 , 2013 . In 2013 , The Lizzie Bennet Diaries became the first digital series to win an Emmy , for Outstanding Creative Achievement In Interactive Media - Original Interactive Program .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84fbad50f227ecad4b426076d43a9eec", "text": "Anne Innes-Ker, Duchess of Roxburghe Anne Emily Innes-Ker , Duchess of Roxburghe ( née Spencer-Churchill ; 14 November 1854 -- 20 June 1923 ) was the daughter of the 7th Duke of Marlborough , who served in Conservative governments as Lord President of the Council and Lord Lieutenant of Ireland . She served as Mistress of the Robes to Queen Victoria .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "363707d675f0a005885c6618422cdada", "text": "Cate Blanchett on screen and stage Cate Blanchett is an Australian actress who has extensively appeared in film and stage . She made her stage debut in 1992 by playing Electra in the National Institute of Dramatic Art production of the same name . She followed it with performances in Timothy Daly 's Kafka Dances ( 1993 ) and the Sydney Theatre Company stage production of Oleanna ( 1993 ) opposite Geoffrey Rush . Blanchett won the Sydney Theatre Critics Award for Best Newcomer for the former and Best Actress for the latter , making her the first person to win both awards at once . She went on to perform several roles on stage , notably Susan Traherne in Plenty ( 1999 ) , Hedda Gabler in Hedda Gabler ( 2004 ) , Blanche DuBois in A Streetcar Named Desire ( 2009 ) , Yelena in Uncle Vanya ( 2011 ) and Claire in The Maids ( 2013 ) . In 1997 , Blanchett made her feature film debut in a supporting role in the World War II drama Paradise Road . The same year , she had her first leading role in Oscar and Lucinda , which earned her an AACTA Award nomination for Best Actress . Blanchett received worldwide attention for playing Queen Elizabeth I of England in the acclaimed drama Elizabeth ( 1998 ) . Her performance garnered her a Golden Globe and a BAFTA Award for Best Actress and her first Academy Award nomination for Best Actress . Elizabeth and her next film , the thriller The Talented Mr. Ripley ( 1999 ) , performed well at the box office . However , her other 1999 releasesthe widely praised An Ideal Husband and the largely panned Pushing Tinwere unsuccessful . Blanchett found greater success for portraying Galadriel in Peter Jackson 's epic fantasy trilogy The Lord of the Rings ( 2001-03 ) . During this period , she also appeared in several films which had mixed reception and performed poorly at the box office . She won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress , among other honors for portraying Katharine Hepburn in Martin Scorsese 's 2004 drama The Aviator , making her the only actor to win an Oscar for portraying another Oscar-winning actor . Her only screen appearance in 2005 was in Little Fish , for which she won the AACTA Award for Best Actress . Blanchett 's performance in the 2006 thriller Notes on a Scandal garnered her another Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress . In 2007 , she received both Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress Oscar nominations for her roles in Elizabeth : The Golden Age and I 'm Not There , becoming one of the few actors to achieve this feat . In 2008 , Blanchett appeared in Steven Spielberg 's action adventure Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull and David Fincher 's fantasy drama The Curious Case of Benjamin Button . She briefly reprised her role of Galadriel in the The Hobbit trilogy ( 2012-14 ) . For her performance as the titular socialite in Woody Allen 's 2013 drama Blue Jasmine , Blanchett won the Golden Globe , the BAFTA Award , the SAG Award and the Academy Award for Best Actress . In 2014 , she voiced Valka in the $ 620 million-grossing animated fantasy How to Train Your Dragon 2 . In 2015 , she received praise for playing Lady Tremaine in Disney 's live action film Cinderella , Mary Mapes in Truth and the titular character in Todd Haynes 's romantic drama Carol . Cinderella was a notable box office success while Carol garnered her seventh Oscar nomination . Blanchett made her Broadway debut in 2017 with The Present , receiving her first Tony Award nomination for the Best Actress in a Play .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "61042a610ed310a649700a4625723511", "text": "Isa Bowman Isa Bowman ( 1874 -- 1958 ) was an actress , a close friend of Lewis Carroll and author of a memoir about his life , The Story of Lewis Carroll , Told for Young People by the Real Alice in Wonderland . She met Carroll in 1886 when she played a small part in the stage version of Alice in Wonderland : she played the part of Alice in the 1888 revival . She visited and stayed with him between the ages of fifteen and nineteen : Carroll described a visit in July 1888 in Isa 's Visit to Oxford , which she reprinted in her memoir . Carroll introduced her to Ellen Terry , who gave her elocution lessons . Carroll dedicated his last novel Sylvie and Bruno to her in 1889 : her name appears in a double acrostic poem in the introduction . She married the journalist George Reginald Bacchus in 1899 . In 1899-1900 Bacchus published a fictionalised version of her life in Society , a magazine he was editing . The publisher Leonard Smithers then commissioned a pornographic version which was published as The Confessions of Nemesis Hunt ( issued in three volumes 1902 , 1903 , 1906 ) . Isa Bowman was the daughter of Charles Andrew Bowman ( b. 1851 ) , a music teacher , and Helen Herd , née Holmes . Her sisters , Empsie , Nellie ( Mrs Spens ) and Maggie ( Mrs Tom Morton ) Bowman were all actresses , and also friends of Carroll . According to Maggie 's father-in-law , William Morton , the sisters were all actresses from a very early age . He said that Maggie had an amusing diary in rhyme written by Carroll about her visit to Oxford as a young child . Isa played a small part in the 1949 British film Vote for Huggett , together with her sisters Empsie and Nellie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dcb3a64abd376ab35e4be4782d8eb705", "text": "Anne One Hundred Anne One Hundred is a 1933 British drama film directed by Henry Edwards and starring Betty Stockfeld , Gyles Isham and Dennis Wyndham . It was based on the play Anne One Hundred Percent by Sewell Collins . It was made at Elstree Studios as a quota quickie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b4182a7525b8c515de33bed895515ea", "text": "Anne, Queen of Great Britain Anne ( 6 February 1665 -- 1 August 1714 ) became Queen of England , Scotland and Ireland on 8 March 1702 . On 1 May 1707 , under the Acts of Union , two of her realms , the kingdoms of England and Scotland , united as a single sovereign state known as Great Britain . She continued to reign as Queen of Great Britain and Ireland until her death . Anne was born in the reign of her uncle Charles II , who had no legitimate children . Her father , James , was first in line to the throne . His suspected Roman Catholicism was unpopular in England , and on Charles 's instructions Anne was raised as an Anglican . Three years after he succeeded Charles , James was deposed in the `` Glorious Revolution '' of 1688 . Anne 's Dutch Protestant brother-in-law and cousin William III became joint monarch with his wife , Anne 's elder sister Mary II . Although the sisters had been close , disagreements over Anne 's finances , status and choice of acquaintances arose shortly after Mary 's accession and they became estranged . William and Mary had no children . After Mary 's death in 1694 , William continued as sole monarch until he was succeeded by Anne upon his death in 1702 . As queen , Anne favoured moderate Tory politicians , who were more likely to share her Anglican religious views than their opponents , the Whigs . The Whigs grew more powerful during the course of the War of the Spanish Succession , until in 1710 Anne dismissed many of them from office . Her close friendship with Sarah Churchill , Duchess of Marlborough , turned sour as the result of political differences . Anne was plagued by ill health throughout her life . From her thirties onwards , she grew increasingly lame and obese . Despite seventeen pregnancies by her husband , Prince George of Denmark , she died without any surviving children and was the last monarch of the House of Stuart . Under the terms of the Act of Settlement 1701 , she was succeeded by her second cousin George I of the House of Hanover , who was a descendant of the Stuarts through his maternal grandmother , Elizabeth , a daughter of James VI and I.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af90aed19cdd2795d170e1f4e41f66c1", "text": "Anne Murray (disambiguation) Anne Murray is a Canadian singer . Anne Murray may also refer to : Anne Firth Murray , New Zealand author , professor , and nonprofit founder Anne Halkett née Murray ( 1623 -- 1699 ) , religious writer and autobiographer Anne Murray , Duchess of Atholl ( 1814 -- 1897 ) , Scottish courtier and close friend of Queen Victoria Anne Murray ( album ) , a 1996 album by the singer Anne Murray ( gentlewoman ) ( 1755 -- 1849 ) , author Anne Murray , Viscountess Bayning , on List of life peerages before 1876 Anne Murray ( camogie ) in Gael Linn Cup 1987 Anne Murray ( cricketer ) from List of women ODI cricketers Anne Murray Christmas from Todd Thicke Anne Murray Dike from American Committee for Devastated France", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1865bbafa59476d0a042a780350d9c0", "text": "Elvi Hale Patricia Elvi Hake , born on 29 January 1931 , is a British actress who uses the name Elvi Hale professionally . Raised in Romford , Essex , she may be best known for playing Anne of Cleves in The Six Wives of Henry VIII , broadcast in 1970 . Hale was nominated for a BAFTA award for most promising film newcomer for her performance in Wendy Toye 's True as a Turtle ( 1957 ) . She retired from film and television work in 1990 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3342fd005c044356b5476bb3bf07ddc9", "text": "Diana: Last Days of a Princess Diana : Last Days of a Princess is a television movie broadcast in the United States by TLC on 12 August 2007 and subsequent dates . It also has aired on Five , UKTV History and UKTV Drama in Great Britain , RTÉ in Ireland , ProSieben in Germany , TF1 in France , RTP in Portugal , Channel 7 in Australia , Channel One in Russia , Jim in Finland and the History Channel in India . The film purports to be a fairly accurate ( albeit semi-fictionalized ) account of the last two months in the life of Diana , Princess of Wales , leading up to her death on 31 August 1997 . It is a mix of scripted scenes , actual news footage , and recent interviews with some of the principals present during the period portrayed , including Mohamed Al-Fayed and editors from The Sunday Mirror , giving it a hybrid drama-documentary feel . Much of Jenny Lecoat 's teleplay is based on testimony found in the 800-page Paget Report , published in 2006 by the United Kingdom 's Metropolitan Police Service following a four-year-long investigation . Richard Dale directed a cast that includes Genevieve O'Reilly as Diana , Patrick Baladi as Dodi Al-Fayed , and Shaun Dooley as Al-Fayed family security guard Trevor Rees-Jones , Nadim Sawalha as Mohamed Al-Fayed , and Carlo Ferrante as Henri Paul , the driver of the car in which he , Diana , and Dodi were killed during a high-speed escape from paparazzi through the streets of Paris . The Halton House in Wendover , Buckinghamshire served as the backdrop for scenes taking place at the Hôtel Ritz Paris . Other film locations included Hertfordshire , Paris ( including the Pont de l'Alma Tunnel in which the car crashed ) and Cannes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "69f25f5cc107cab00405660c7b3b091e", "text": "Fanny Kemble Frances Anne `` Fanny '' Kemble ( 27 November 180915 January 1893 ) was a notable British actress from a theatre family in the early and mid-19th century . She was a well-known and popular writer , whose published works included plays , poetry , eleven volumes of memoirs , travel writing and works about the theatre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "698615794695352306131ed4c420c109", "text": "Carrie Anne `` Carrie Anne '' is a song written by Allan Clarke , Graham Nash , and Tony Hicks and released by British pop rock group The Hollies . The song was recorded on 1 May 1967 and was released as a single in the same month by Parlophone Records in the United Kingdom and Epic Records in the United States . It became a hit in 1967 , reaching # 3 on the UK Singles Chart . It was also a hit in the US and Canada , peaking at # 9 on both pop charts . It also reached No. 4 in the Irish charts . Actress Carrie-Anne Moss was named ( by her mother ) in honor of the song , which was released three months before her birth .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0525ed59bad0d60295d36b9108f0ca57", "text": "Louise Bénédicte de Bourbon Louise Bénédicte de Bourbon ( Anne Louise Bénédicte ; 8 November 1676 -- 23 January 1753 ) , was the daughter of Henri Jules de Bourbon , Prince of Condé and Anne Henriette of Bavaria . As a member of the reigning House of Bourbon , she was a princesse du sang . Forced to marry the Duke of Maine , legitimised son of Louis XIV and Madame de Montespan , she revelled in politics and the arts , and held a popular salon at the Hôtel du Maine as well as at the Château de Sceaux .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a1bab11fdb534fdcbd565a9e511b9244", "text": "Alice in Wonderland (1933 film) Alice in Wonderland is a 1933 American Pre-Code film version of the famous Alice novels by Lewis Carroll . The film was produced by Paramount Pictures , featuring an all-star cast . It is all live-action , except for the Walrus and The Carpenter sequence , which was animated by the Harman-Ising Studio . Stars featured in the film included W. C. Fields as Humpty Dumpty , Edna May Oliver as the Red Queen , Cary Grant as the Mock Turtle ( Grant 's star was still on the ascent at the time ) , Gary Cooper as the White Knight , Edward Everett Horton as The Hatter , Charles Ruggles as The March Hare , and Baby LeRoy as The Joker . Charlotte Henry played her first leading role as Alice . This version was directed by Norman Z. McLeod from a screenplay by Joseph L. Mankiewicz and William Cameron Menzies , based on Lewis Carroll 's books Alice 's Adventures in Wonderland ( 1865 ) and Through the Looking-Glass ( 1871 ) . It also drew heavily from Eva Le Gallienne and Florida Friebus 's then-recent stage adaptation . The film is occasionally broadcast on cable television channels such as Turner Classic Movies . The original running time was 90 min. , but when EMKA bought the television rights in the late 1950s , it was cut to 77 minutes . Universal Studios released the cut version to DVD on March 2 , 2010 , marking the film 's first home video release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "154a86cea2de020426e5a90649572615", "text": "Anne Stafford, Countess of Huntingdon Anne Hastings , Countess of Huntingdon ( née Lady Anne Stafford ) ( c. 1483 -- 1544 ) was the daughter of Henry Stafford , 2nd Duke of Buckingham , and Lady Katherine Woodville . She was the wife of Sir Walter Herbert , and George Hastings , 1st Earl of Huntingdon , and served in the household of King Henry VIII 's daughter , Princess Mary , the future Queen Mary I.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "525076dabf52ad7cfdd808bc2720b79e", "text": "Wuthering Heights (2011 film) Wuthering Heights is a 2011 British romantic gothic , period drama film directed by Andrea Arnold and starring Kaya Scodelario as Catherine and James Howson as Heathcliff . The screenplay , written by Andrea Arnold and Olivia Hetreed , is based on Emily Brontë 's 1847 Wuthering Heights .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9e4fbe6174ab6033d6b252db529c164e", "text": "Princess Amelia of Great Britain Princess Amelia of Great Britain ( Amelia Sophia Eleanor ; 10 June 1711 ( New Style ) -- 31 October 1786 ) was the second daughter of George II of Great Britain .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e54ab06b63872bfa5bb904e3f82a9f97", "text": "Marion Chesney Marion Gibbons , née McChesney ( born 1936 in Glasgow , Scotland ) is a British popular and prolific writer of romance and mystery novels since 1979 . She has written numerous successful historical romance novels under ( a form of ) her maiden name , Marion Chesney , including the Travelling Matchmaker and Daughters of Mannerling series . Using the pseudonym M. C. Beaton , she has also written many popular mystery novels , most notably the Agatha Raisin and Hamish Macbeth mystery series . She has also written romance novels under the pseudonyms Ann Fairfax , Jennie Tremaine , Helen Crampton , Charlotte Ward , and Sarah Chester . Writing as Marion Chesney , her most recent endeavour is an Edwardian mystery series featuring Lady Rose Summer , a charming debutante with an independent streak , and Captain Harry Cathcart , an impoverished aristocrat . In a recent interview , she stated that she has ceased writing the Edwardian series due to the pressure of writing for the Agatha Raisin and Hamish Macbeth series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3bc66dd157864e1592094b1e60592e92", "text": "Girl Rising (film) Girl Rising is a movie produced by Kayce Freed , Tom Yellin and Holly Gordon at The Documentary Group in partnership with Paul G. Allen and Jody Allen of Vulcan Productions . It was directed by Academy Award nominee Richard E. Robbins and features narration by Anne Hathaway , Cate Blanchett , Selena Gomez , Liam Neeson , Priyanka Chopra , Chloë Grace Moretz , Freida Pinto , Salma Hayek , Meryl Streep , Alicia Keys and Kerry Washington . The movie tells the stories of nine girls from nine countries : ( Sierra Leone , Haiti , Ethiopia , Afghanistan , Peru , Egypt , Nepal , India and Cambodia ) . Each girl had her story written by a writer from her country and voiced by renowned actors . Their stories reflect their struggles to overcome societal or cultural barriers . The writers are Loung Ung ( Cambodia ) , Edwidge Danticat ( Haiti ) , Manjushree Thapa ( Nepal ) , Mona Eltahawy ( Egypt ) , Maaza Mengiste ( Ethiopia ) , Sooni Taraporevala ( India ) , Maria Arana ( Peru ) , Aminatta Forna ( Sierra Leone ) , Zarghuna Kargar ( Afghanistan ) . The girls ' names are Sokha ( Cambodia ) , Wadley ( Haiti ) , Suma ( Nepal ) , Yasmin ( Egypt ) , Azmera ( Ethiopia ) , Ruksana ( India ) , Senna ( Peru ) , Mariama ( Sierra Leone ) and Amina ( Afghanistan ) .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b7a2b2626abc50c63aa2ba9b366fd3f2", "text": "Joaquin Phoenix Joaquín Rafael Phoenix ( -LSB- ˌhwɑːˈkiːn -RSB- born Joaquín Rafael Bottom ; October 28 , 1974 ) , known formerly as Leaf Phoenix , is a Puerto Rican -- born American actor , producer , music video director , musician and activist . For his work as an artist , Phoenix has received a Grammy Award , a Golden Globe Award and three Academy Award nominations . Phoenix started acting in television shows with his brother River Phoenix and sister Summer Phoenix . His first major film release was in the comedy-drama film Parenthood ( 1989 ) . During his period as a child actor he was credited as Leaf Phoenix , his self-given name . He later went back to his birth name , Joaquín , and received positive reviews for his supporting work in a wide range of films , most notably in the film adaptation of the novel To Die For ( 1995 ) and the period film Quills ( 2000 ) . He received international attention for his portrayal of Commodus in the 2000 historical epic film Gladiator , which earned him a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor . He has subsequently earned Best Actor nominations for portraying musician Johnny Cash in the biopic Walk the Line ( 2005 ) and for his role as Freddie Quell , a sex-obsessed alcoholic World War II veteran in the drama film The Master ( 2012 ) , the latter winning him the Volpi Cup for Best Actor . To this date , he and River Phoenix hold the distinction of being the first and only brothers to be nominated for acting Academy Awards . Some of his other notable films include the satire film Buffalo Soldiers ( 2001 ) , the science fiction thriller Signs ( 2002 ) , the animated film Brother Bear ( 2003 ) , the historical drama film Hotel Rwanda ( 2004 ) , the psychological thriller The Village ( 2004 ) , the documentary Earthlings ( 2005 ) , the romantic drama Two Lovers ( 2008 ) , the drama The Immigrant ( 2013 ) , the romantic science fiction drama Her ( 2013 ) , the crime comedy-drama film Inherent Vice ( 2014 ) , and the thriller You Were Never Really Here ( 2017 ) , for which he won the Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actor . Aside from his acting career , he has also ventured into directing music videos , as well as producing films and television shows . He has recorded an album , the soundtrack to Walk The Line , for which he won the Grammy Award for Best Compilation Soundtrack for Visual Media . Phoenix is a social activist , lending his support to a number of charities and humanitarian organizations . He is also widely known for his animal rights advocacy . He has been a vegan since the age of three , and campaigns for PETA and In Defense of Animals .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "2c69bd1b370f8b6f7b029701f3974464", "text": "Pet (film) Pet is an American/Spanish psychological thriller film written by Jeremy Slater , directed by Carles Torrens , and starring Dominic Monaghan , Ksenia Solo , Jennette McCurdy , and Nathan Parsons . The film premiered at South by Southwest on March 11 , 2016 and was released to theaters on December 2 , 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd6c96a25612f149b770d1631321153c", "text": "Egyptian Theatre Egyptian-style theatres are based on the traditional and historic design elements of Ancient Egypt . The first Egyptian Theatre to be constructed in the US -- which inspired many of the identically-named theatres that followed it -- was Grauman 's Egyptian Theatre in Hollywood , California . For several years , Hollywood developer Charles E. Toberman attempted to convince Sid Grauman to locate in Hollywood . During a meeting , Sid told Mr. Toberman of his desire to build a theatre of Egyptian design . Mr. Toberman then secured a piece of property on Hollywood Boulevard , just east of McCadden Place . The architectural firm of Meyer & Holler were hired to design the theatre . The result was Grauman 's Egyptian Theatre with a seating of 1770 . The approach to the theatre was through a courtyard . Inside , the stage was flanked by carved columns and models of the Sphinx . The theatre was opened on October 19 , 1922 with the grand premiere of `` Robin Hood '' starring Douglas Fairbanks . `` In a 1983 article in Hollywood Studio Magazine , Mike Hughes wrote of the Egyptian : `` A survivor of the decay that unfortunately characterizes the Hollywood Boulevard of today , the Egyptian is a reminder of the glamour that once made the Boulevard famous . Perhaps through the dedicated efforts of such citizens as Bruce Torrence , author of Hollywood : The First 100 Years and grandson of Mr. Charles Toberman , who built the Egyptian , the Hollywood Boulevard of yesteryear will reappear some great day in the future . When that happens , the Egyptian Theatre , jewel that it is , will be there to herald in the new age of film town . '' '' United Artists was the last owner of the Egyptian Theatre before it closed in 1992 . The American Cinematheque purchased the theatre from the city for $ 1 with the provision that this historical landmark would be restored to its original grandeur and re-opened as a movie theatre showcasing the organizations celebrated , public programming . '' The Eldorado Theatre located in Eldorado Amusement Park , Weehawken , New Jersey opened in 1891 and featured ` Egypt Through Centuries ' each evening . The creators of the park , Palisades Amusement and Exhibition Company , published a book titled `` Egypt Through the Centuries '' in 1892 . Many of the other theatres that copied Grauman 's Egyptian Theatre were part of the wave of Egyptian revival architecture that occurred after the November 1922 discovery of King Tut 's tomb by Howard Carter . Unlike the many theatres that followed in its wake , Grauman 's Egyptian Theatre was designed , built , named and opened before the 1922 discovery of King Tut 's tomb . The news of the tomb 's discovery reached the US a few weeks after the theatre opened . Early in the 20th century , it is estimated that up to 100 of these theatre types were constructed across the US . Many of them no longer exist , but there are many fine examples of this style still in use today . Conrad Schmitt Studios has played a big part in the restoration of these atmospheric theatres , including Egyptian Theatres in Park City , Utah , Ogden , Utah , Boise , Idaho , Delta , Colorado , and DeKalb , Illinois .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "160d0bf44a6ad0ea0cfad2785c5f5dc4", "text": "Demion Clinco Demion Clinco is an American politician from the state of Arizona . A member of the Democratic Party , Clinco served in the Arizona House of Representatives , as the member for the second district until 2015 . Clinco was the president of the Tucson Historic Preservation Foundation . When Linda J. Lopez , a member of the Arizona Senate , resigned in 2014 , Clinco was a finalist for the position . Andrea Dalessandro , a member of the Arizona House of Representatives , was selected instead . Clinco was appointed to Dalessandro 's former seat in the state House . During his tenure in the Arizona State House Clinco was the only openly LGBT member . Clinco lost his reelection bid for a full term , losing to Republican John Ackerley . Clinco attended Occidental College in Los Angeles , graduating with a B.A. in Art History , completing postgraduate work at Istituto Marangoni in Milan Italy . He is the Executive Director of the Tucson Historic Preservation Foundation , having assumed this role in 2015 after six years ( 2008 - 2014 ) as president of the Board of Directors . Clinco was a member of the Arizona State House of Representative ( 2014-2015 ) , serving on the Financial Institutions and Government Committees . From 2007 to 2014 , he served as the City of Tucson Mayor 's appointee to the Tucson-Pima County Historic Commission , and has been involved in local , state and national public policy issues related to Historic Preservation and Cultural Resources . Since 2010 has served as the Arizona State Advisor to the National Trust for Historic Preservation , becoming Vice Chair in 2014 , representing the Western Region . Clinco is a member of the Board of Directors of Archeology Southwest , the Arizona Preservation Foundation , is a founding member of the `` Arizona Vintage Sign Coalition . '' In 2011 , Clinco led the creation Tucson Modernism Week . Clinco has served on numerous foundation and non profit boards , including as a trustee of The Gregory School ( formally St. Gregory College Preparatory School ) and a member the Southern Arizona Leadership Council . He is a member of the 2014 `` Next City Vanguard '' class and a 2013 `` Flinn Brown Fellow . '' Clinco has received numerous awards in the field of architectural and heritage preservation . Demion Clinco is the son of Paul and Judy Clinco", "title": "" }, { "docid": "727ede2d4889f1ce1faad7fdd093d47d", "text": "ASIFA-Hollywood ASIFA-Hollywood , an American non-profit organization in Los Angeles , California , United States , is a branch member of the `` Association Internationale du Film d'Animation '' or `` ASIFA '' ( the International Animated Film Association ) . Its purpose is to promote the art of film animation in a variety of ways , including its own archive and an annual awards presentation , the Annie Awards . It is also known as the International Animated Film Society . Many branches of ASIFA exist throughout the world ; in the US there are chapters in San Francisco , New York City , Atlanta , Seattle , Washington , the Detroit area , and others , while internationally , organizations exist in Annecy , France , in Italy , and Japan . ASIFA also sponsors several animation film festivals throughout the world , including the ASIFA-Hollywood Student Animation Festival . ASIFA-Hollywood has the largest membership internationally of all other chapters , largely because the most popular cartoons ever produced were by studios and animation professionals located in the city of Burbank , which is also the location of the ASIFA-Hollywood Animation Center . It includes a virtual archive , museum , library and research facility , containing the ASIFA-Hollywood Animation Archive Project .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1445773c08da50707979a85167e4edf4", "text": "Houston Film Critics Society Awards 2010 The 4th Houston Film Critics Society Awards were presented on December 18 , 2010 . These awards for `` extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Houston Film Critics Society ( HFCS ) based in Houston , Texas . The organization , founded in 2007 , includes 22 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications in the greater Houston area . The awards are co-sponsored by the Houston Film Commission , Southwest Alternate Media Project , Women in Film and Television/Houston , WorldFest , and the Houston Cinema Arts Society . The nominations for the 2010 awards were announced on December 12 , 2010 . Eligible films do not need to have played or opened in a Houston film theater prior to the nomination deadline , merely made available to the HFCS membership at a screening or on DVD . Along with the 13 `` best of '' category awards , this year also saw the introduction of a new category for `` Worst Movies of the Year '' . The Social Network , True Grit , and 127 Hours each received six nominations , all including the Best Picture , Actor , Direction , and Original Score categories . The Social Network was the HFCS 's most awarded film of 2010 taking top honors in the Best Picture , Best Director ( David Fincher ) , Best Actor ( Jesse Eisenberg ) , and Best Screenplay ( Aaron Sorkin ) categories . Inception was the only other film to garner multiple awards , winning both the Best Original Score ( Hans Zimmer ) and Best Cinematography ( Wally Pfister ) prizes . The other acting awards went to Natalie Portman as Best Actress for Black Swan , Hailee Steinfeld as Best Supporting Actress for True Grit , and Christian Bale as Best Supporting Actor for The Fighter . The remaining film honors went to Toy Story 3 as Best Animated Film , Restrepo as Best Documentary , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo as Best Foreign Language Film . `` We Are Sex Bob-Omb '' by Beck from Scott Pilgrim vs. the World was named the Best Original Song . The HFCS 's first-ever award for `` Worst Picture '' was given to Jonah Hex starring Josh Brolin . In addition to the category awards , the HFCS presented their annual Lifetime Achievement Award to Sissy Spacek and its Humanitarian Award to George Clooney . Clooney was selected for `` selflessly using his celebrity for greater good '' . The HFCS award for Outstanding Achievement in Cinema awards were presented to Charles Dove , director of the Rice University Media Center , and Hector Luna , the founder and editor of C-47 Houston .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "23ab3ccf19cd5f4ccc4fedbcd093a10a", "text": "28th PMPC Star Awards for Television The 28th PMPC Star Awards for Television ( organized by Philippine Movie Press Club headed by President Fernan de Guzman and produced by Airtime Marketing Philippines , Inc. headed by Tessie Celestino-Howard ) awarding ceremony was held last November 23 , 2014 , at the Solaire Resort and Casino Grand Ballroom , Paranaque City and will be broadcast on ABS-CBN Channel 2 on November 30 , 2014 ( `` Sunday 's Best '' , 10:45 pm ) . The awards night will be hosted by Iza Calzado , Kim Chiu , Enchong Dee and Piolo Pascual with performances by Maja Salvador , James Reid , Pokwang , and the cast of Bubble Gang ; directed by Arnel Natividad .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06bee763ab88bf322c23edce2ef326cd", "text": "Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards 2014 The 20th Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards honoring the best in film for 2014 were announced on December 15 , 2014 . These awards `` recognizing extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association ( DFWFCA ) , based in the Dallas -- Fort Worth metroplex region of Texas . The organization , founded in 1990 , includes 30 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications based in north Texas . The Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association began presenting its annual awards list in 1993 . Birdman was the DFWFCA 's most awarded film of 2014 , taking five top honors . Birdman won in Best Picture , Best Actor ( Michael Keaton ) , Best Director ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu ) , Best Cinematography ( Emmanuel Lubezki ) , and Best Screenplay ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu , Nicolás Giacobone , Alexander Dinelaris Jr. , and Armando Bo ) . Another film , Boyhood , earned multiple 2014 honors from the DFWFCA . The coming-of-age tale received top honors in the Best Supporting Actress ( Patricia Arquette ) as well as being presented the Russell Smith Award as the `` best low-budget or cutting-edge independent film '' of the year . The award is named in honor of late Dallas Morning News film critic Russell Smith . Reese Witherspoon was named Best Actress for her role as Cheryl Strayed in Wild . The other films earning honors were Sweden 's Force Majeure for Best Foreign Language Film , Citizenfour as Best Documentary Film , and The Lego Movie for Best Animated Film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9053b2c96073b91ba46bfb172f0536cd", "text": "Angelo Parra Angelo Parra is an American playwright . He was born in Manhattan and grew up in the Bronx , New York City . After graduating from Fordham University , his career included work as a reporter/photographer , public relations professional , politician , free-lance writer , and PR and journalism teacher at New York University before turning to theatre in 1986 . His first produced play , Casino , was presented at T. Schreiber Studio , and won a 1989 New York Foundation for the Arts ( NYFA ) Fellowship in Playwriting and an Arts International grant ( sponsored by the National Endowment for the Arts , U.S. Information Agency , Rockefeller Foundation , and The Pew Charitable Trusts ) . His work , The Devil 's Music : The Life and Blues of Bessie Smith , with music on the life of Bessie Smith , was named `` one of the top-10 Off-Broadway experiences of 2001 '' by the New York Daily News , `` Best Solo Show '' by Florida 's Broward/Palm Beach New Times , and won a second NYFA Playwriting Fellowship ( 2000 ) . The show , conceived by and originally directed by Joe Brancato and originally staged by Penguin Rep Theatre , Stony Point , NY , was invited to give six performances during the 2012 Montreal International Jazz Festival , making The Devil 's Music the first play ever presented in the music festival 's 30-year history ! Parra has production credits in New York , Los Angeles , Chicago , Washington , D.C. ; at Florida Stage ( Palm Beach ) , The Hartford Stage ( Hartford , Connecticut ) , Theatre Memphis , at the Cape Playhouse ( Cape Cod ) ; George Street Playhouse , Florida Rep , and , at the Edinburgh International Festival . Parra also is the author of Playwriting for Dummies , part of the popular international series of how-to books . Among Parra 's other prize-winning plays is the hospital drama , `` Journey of the Heart '' , winner of the Jewel Box Theatre , Mixed Blood Theatre , and David James Ellis national play awards in 1998-99 . Also in 1998 , `` Song of the Coquí '' , his Hispanic family drama with humor and dance , won the Chicano/Latino Literary Award ( University of California , Irvine ) and an `` American Dream '' prize by Repertorio Español in New York City . Parra is a member of the Dramatists Guild , member emeritus of the BMI Lehman Engel Musical Theater Workshop , and member of the Actors Studio Playwrights/Directors Unit . He was a Tennessee Williams Scholar at the 2000 Sewanee Writers Conference , teaches playwriting , performing arts , and English at SUNY Rockland Community College . In addition to his BA in Communication Arts at Fordham , he earned an MA in Political Science at the New School in New York , and MFA in Playwriting at Brooklyn College . He is currently president of the Penguin Rep Theatre Board of Trustees and director of the Hudson Valley Professional Playwright 's Lab . Along with the children 's musical Percy T. Penguin Comes to America , Parra 's other plays include : The Mnemonist Canvases The Price of Honor Prickasaurus The Slope Warmflesch A Waltz Without Turns Midnight Kiss What is it With Me ?", "title": "" }, { "docid": "63cc03dc81ab4af0b2094e34db2aa8fb", "text": "Phoenix American Incorporated Phoenix American Incorporated is a privately held financial services company headquartered in San Rafael , California . It is the parent of several companies : Phoenix American Financial Services / Phoenix Transfer , Phoenix Securitization Administration and Accounting , Phoenix Leasing Portfolio Services , Inc. , SalesFocus Solutions , Phoenix Leasing Bank Services , Phoenix Leasing , Inc. , and Phoenix Cable , Inc. .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84f4149ab4f770b67c98e12ee69cd23f", "text": "Cactus Flower (play) Cactus Flower is a farce by Abe Burrows . It played for years on Broadway before being adapted by I.A.L. Diamond into a 1969 feature film directed by Gene Saks . Based on the play Fleur de cactus by Pierre Barillet and Jean-Pierre Gredy , the comedy focuses on the relationship between young , wild Toni and her older , married lover Julian , a dentist . Convinced the two have no future together , Toni attempts suicide , and a guilt-ridden Julian rashly proposes he leave his wife so the couple can be together . However , Julian has never revealed to Toni that his `` marriage '' is actually an elaborate lie concocted to keep Toni at arm 's length . Toni refuses to break up his household without first meeting and talking with Julian 's soon-to-be-ex , so Julian enlists the aid of his shy spinster assistant Stephanie to pose as his non-existent wife . Complications arise when Toni decides the two must find her a new beau so everyone concerned can live happily ever after . After two previews , the Broadway production , directed by Burrows , opened on December 8 , 1965 at the Royale Theatre , where it ran for two years and nine months before transferring to the Longacre , for a total run of 1234 performances , ending on November 23 , 1968 . The original cast included Lauren Bacall , Barry Nelson , Brenda Vaccaro , and Burt Brinckerhoff . Lloyd Bridges , Kevin McCarthy , and Betsy Palmer were replacements later in the run . Both Vaccaro and Brinckerhoff were nominated for Tony Awards for their featured performances . Later adapted for film as : Cactus Flower with Walter Matthau , Ingrid Bergman and Goldie Hawn ( for which Hawn won an Academy Award ) and again in 2011 , as Just Go With It starring Adam Sandler , Jennifer Aniston and Brooklyn Decker .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f77d1445f6c1e397325b5701659b7bf8", "text": "Animal Protection Institute The Animal Protection Institute ( API ) was a national , nonprofit animal advocacy organization based in Sacramento , California that in 2007 , as part of its affiliation with the Born Free Foundation , was renamed Born Free USA . Founded in 1968 , API 's mission was to advocate for the protection of animals from cruelty and exploitation . API 's slogan was `` Saving Animals Is Our Reason for Being '' . API was founded by Belton P. Mouras and Kenneth E. Guerrero , both former employees of the Humane Society of the United States . API 's primary campaign areas included animals used in entertainment , captive exotic animals , companion animals , compassionate consumerism , farmed animals , and wildlife protection . API achieved significant results in working with state and local legislatures to pass laws restricting the private possession of exotic animals such as lions , tigers , bears , and other dangerous animals . The organization attempted to get bills passed in North and South Carolina banning venomous snakes and other exotic animals . API also provided `` hands-on '' care for animals at its API Primate Sanctuary , located in Dilley , Texas , where more than 500 primates , many of whom were rescued from abusive situations in laboratories , roadside zoos , and private possession , live in as natural an environment as possible with minimal human interference .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fb845d29cfeef3326a34ce8c303e9d36", "text": "The Phoenix (Fall Out Boy song) `` The Phoenix '' is a song by American rock band Fall Out Boy for their fifth studio album Save Rock and Roll ( 2013 ) . The song was written by the band in collaboration with Butch Walker , who handled production . After being released to digital outlets on March 24 , 2013 in advance of the album 's release , `` The Phoenix '' impacted radio on July 16 , 2013 as an official single . The song charted for 1 week then fell off . An accompanying music video was also released as part of the ongoing series The Young Blood Chronicles , serving as a prequel to the video of the album 's lead single `` My Songs Know What You Did in the Dark ( Light Em Up ) '' . `` The Phoenix '' contains elements of Russian composer Dmitri Shostakovich 's Symphony No. 7 in C major . Prior to its official release as a single , the song debuted at number 80 on the United States Billboard Hot 100 on the strength of digital sales and also charted in several other countries , including Australia , Canada and the United Kingdom . It won the Kerrang ! Award for Best Single in 2013 . This song is used in the gameplay trailer of the wrestling video game WWE 2K14 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4266647fe9ebdd8d142cac46e7af5087", "text": "Phoenix Players Phoenix Players is the largest and oldest repertory theatre company in East and Central Africa . Situated in Nairobi , Kenya it was registered in 1983 as a non-profit making company limited by guarantee . Phoenix Players mount , on average , a new play every three weeks throughout the year . Their 120-seat auditorium is located in the Professional Centre on Parliament Road .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "97b1611e7c4508b2e4e2c17473df3f07", "text": "Clay Pigeons Clay Pigeons is a 1998 crime-comedy film written by Matt Healy and directed by David Dobkin . The film stars Joaquin Phoenix , Vince Vaughn , and Janeane Garofalo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b971a97389aa0a403e8d01169f582841", "text": "Fernando Poe Jr. Ronald Allan Kelley Poe ( August 20 , 1939 -- December 14 , 2004 ) , better known as Fernando Poe Jr. . and colloquially known as FPJ and Da King , was a Filipino actor . During the latter part of his career , Poe was defeated by then President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo in the 2004 Philippine presidential elections . His long career as an action film star earned him the nickname `` King of Philippine Movies '' ( often shortened to Da King ) . Poe was posthumously declared a National Artist of the Philippines for Film on May 23 , 2006 by President Macapagal-Arroyo . The award was confirmed by President Benigno Aquino III on July 20 , 2012 , and was presented to his family on August 16 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c6ade4f64610201fbe884c10ec7b2078", "text": "Modesto, California Modesto -LSB- məˈdɛstoʊ -RSB- ( Spanish for `` modest '' ) , officially the City of Modesto , is the county seat and largest city of Stanislaus County , California , United States . With a population of approximately 201,165 at the 2010 census , it is the 18th largest city in the state of California and forms part of the Modesto-Merced combined Statistical Area . The Modesto Census County Division , which includes the cities of Ceres and Riverbank , had a population of 312,842 . Modesto is located in the Central Valley , 90 mi north of Fresno , 40 mi north of Merced , California , 92 mi east of San Francisco , 68 mi south of the state capital of Sacramento , 66 mi west of Yosemite National Park , and 24 mi south of Stockton . Modesto has been honored as a Tree City USA numerous times . It is surrounded by rich farmland ; Stanislaus County ranks sixth among California counties in farm production . Led by milk , almonds , chickens , walnuts , and corn silage , the county grossed nearly $ 3.1 billion in agricultural production in 2011 . The farm-to-table movement plays a central role in Modesto living as in the Central Valley . Filmmaker George Lucas , who was born in Modesto , graduated from Thomas Downey High School in 1962 and attended Modesto Junior College , immortalized the city in his award-winning 1973 film American Graffiti . Although it was not actually shot in Modesto , the film portrayed the spirit of cruising and friendship on Modesto 's 10th and 11th Streets in 1962 , and inspired a revival of interest in 1950s pop culture , including the TV show Happy Days and its spin-offs . The city 's annual Architectural Festival honors Modesto 's history as a testing ground for mid-century modern architecture during the 1940s and '50s . Modesto 's mid-century buildings have been featured four times in Museum of Modern Art publications . The Gallup-Healthways Well-Being Index for 2011 , which interviews 1,000 participants about their jobs , finances , physical health , emotional state of mind and communities , ranked Modesto 126 out of the 190 cities surveyed . In December 2009 , Forbes ranked Modesto 48th out of 100 among `` Best Bang-for-the-Buck Cities '' . In this ranking , Modesto ranked 8th in housing affordability and travel time but also ranked 86th in job forecast growth and 99th in foreclosures . Modesto is the home of Gallo Family Winery , the largest privately owned winery in the world .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b06dc438fe330418ef5af037496b451", "text": "Disasterpiece Theatre Disasterpiece Theatre was a comedy television program that aired in the early 1980s on XETV , a station in Tijuana , Mexico owned by Mexican media company Grupo Televisa which broadcasts in English across the border to neighboring San Diego , California . The show 's title is both a play on the long-running PBS anthology program Masterpiece Theatre and a reference to the low-budget , campy science fiction and horror films that were lampooned each week . At the time of Disasterpiece Theatre '' 's run , XETV was an independent station ; today it serves as the San Diego affiliate of The CW network . The premise of the show was simple : show the worst movies ever made and make fun of them . Among the films shown were Shriek of the Mutilated , Monster on Campus , The Thing That Could n't Die , The Mummy 's Hand , Born to Speed , Big Boy Rides Again , First Spaceship on Venus and Curse of the Undead . Comments would be written as subtitles during the movie ; for example , in Track of the Moonbeast a character says , `` I 'm somewhat of an ... ( laughs ) an adventurer , '' and the word `` IDIOT '' appeared on screen during the pause in the middle of the sentence . Sometimes music would be added and , in some cases , redubbing by the writers would occur . On a showing of First Spaceship on Venus , the soundtrack was replaced by the writers ' voices arguing about which television show they are going to watch , similar to the overdubbing idea in What 's Up , Tiger Lily?Jay Curtis hosted the show as Sal U. Lloyd , a play on the word celluloid . Bruce Mueller played `` The Other Guy '' and would often dress up as The Mummy , A Lion Tamer , and the Network Producer . Curtis and Mueller wrote and produced the show . Fred Stern was a constant contributor and served as the show 's musical director . Stern chose popular music that was added to scenes for comic punctuation . As an example , during the film Beginning of the End , giant grasshoppers are attacking Chicago , scientists decide to use the grasshopper mating call to lure the creatures into Lake Michigan but instead of the mating call coming from a boat loudspeaker , the audience hears At the Hop by Danny and the Juniors and the monsters hop in and drown . San Diego radio announcer Gary Cocker appeared on the show many times . Guests included Whoopi Goldberg , Richard Simmons , and J. Michael Straczynski . The show was done so cheaply , the producers would tape over the same reels , thus erasing the previous episode . In the show , Curtis and Mueller 's microphone cords are easily visible , but it is the poor production quality that makes the show more humorous . Sal U. Lloyd was portrayed as a big loser who hates his job . In one episode , he explains his position : `` I 'm sick of television ... I wan na be a rock and roll star . I wan na make some money . '' He is often seen receiving some kind of brain damage after showing a movie . Several times , Lloyd has a run-in with the network producer , George Mucas ( obviously a parody of George Lucas ) , who hates the show . In reality , Curtis had a strong rivalry with the actual network producer of XETV , who eventually cancelled the show . The show became quite successful , generating a loyal following and beating Saturday Night Live in the ratings several times . However , the show was eventually cancelled due to creative control with the station . Although the show is not widely acclaimed , it is mentionable for inspiring a generation of cult television shows that used the same premise , such as Mystery Science Theater 3000 . In 1991 , the Beetlejuice episode `` Moby Richard '' had Lydia staging a television dramatization of `` Moby Dick '' for the Neitherworld program `` Disasterpiece Theatre . '' In 1993 , Animaniacs had an episode of the same title . In 2009 , the creators of Disasterpiece Theatre '' created a YouTube Page posting archival footage of the show .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "957d3e604511becbcf41983374ca787e", "text": "Pigasus (politics) Pigasus was a 145-pound ( 66-kg ) domestic pig who was nominated for President of the United States as a theatrical gesture by the Youth International Party on August 23 , 1968 , just before the opening of the Democratic National Convention in Chicago , Illinois . The youth-oriented party ( whose members were commonly called `` Yippies '' ) was an anti-establishment and countercultural revolutionary group whose views were inspired by the free speech and anti-war movements of the 1960s , mainly the opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War . Yippies were known for using dramatic theatrics in their demonstrations , and they used Pigasus as a way to mock the social status quo . At a rally announcing his candidacy , Pigasus was seized by Chicago policemen and several of his Yippie backers were arrested for disorderly conduct .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4112ab5abbd530177c643586b2be36f9", "text": "Phoenix Productions Phoenix Productions is a New York based creative studio that produces advertising , television , film and video production company . The company was formed in 2005 by Chris Phoenix to create the show open and graphics package for Bravo 's Battle of the Network Reality Stars . It has since expanded into marketing , advertising and other programming , most notably the Comedy Central series Important Things With Demetri Martin and Jon Stewart 's `` Night of Too Many Stars '' . The company bills itself as a combination creative agency , production company and post-production house .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7e021f2ee4c70b36c5b56abf8e62374c", "text": "Peter Coyote Peter Coyote ( born Robert Peter Cohon ; October 10 , 1941 ) is an American actor , author , director , screenwriter and narrator of films , theatre , television and audiobooks . His voice work includes narrating the opening ceremony of the 2002 Winter Olympics and Apple 's iPad Retina Display campaign . He has also served as on-camera co-host of the 2000 Oscar telecasts . His distinctive voice helped him win a News & Documentary Emmy Award in 1992 for narration of `` The Meiji Revolution '' episode of the PBS series The Pacific Century , as well as a Primetime Emmy Award in 2015 for Ken Burns ' documentary special The Roosevelts . He has often been compared with actor Henry Fonda . Coyote was one of the founders of the Diggers , an anarchist improv group active in Haight-Ashbury during the mid-1960s . Coyote was also an actor , writer and director with the San Francisco Mime Troupe ; his prominence in the San Francisco counterculture scene led to his being interviewed for the book Voices from the Love Generation . He acted in and directed the first cross-country tour of The Minstrel Show , and his play Olive Pits , co-authored with Mime Troupe member Peter Berg , won the troupe an Obie Award from the Village Voice . Coyote became a member , and later chairman , of the California Arts Council from 1975 to 1983 . In the late 1970s , he shifted from acting on stage to acting in films . In the 1990s and 2000s ( decade ) , he acted in several television shows . He speaks fluent Spanish and French .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "cb0bb07d1d55c706d6809dcfe68a160e", "text": "Pacific Blue (TV series) Pacific Blue is an American crime drama series about a team of police officers with the Santa Monica Police Department who patrolled its beaches on bicycles . The show ran for five seasons on the USA Network , from March 2 , 1996 to April 9 , 2000 , with a total of 101 episodes . Often compared as `` Baywatch on bikes '' , the series enjoyed a popular run among the network 's viewers , and was popular in France , Belgium , Israel , Sweden , Bulgaria , Norway , Spain , Russia , Austria , Germany , Italy , South America , Canada , Denmark , Poland and other foreign markets .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "3a11006034bebe983e468d129c4faa92", "text": "BRP Heracleo Alano (PG-376) BRP Heracleo Alano ( PG-376 ) is the sixth ship of the coastal patrol boats of the Philippine Navy . It is part of the first batch of its class ordered through U.S. Foreign Military Sales ( FMS ) in 1990 , and was commissioned with the Philippine Navy on January 1992 . It was initially designated as Fast Patrol Craft , and was numbered `` DF-376 '' , but later on was re-designated as a Patrol Gunboat , and was finally re-numbered as `` PG-376 '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15efb18aaad8dfb67b4eb90ab0e43276", "text": "Pacific Symphony Pacific Symphony is a symphony orchestra located in Orange County , California . The orchestra performs at the Renée and Henry Segerstrom Concert Hall , part of Segerstrom Center for the Arts ( formerly the Orange County Performing Arts Center ) in Costa Mesa , California . From 1987-2016 , the orchestra 's Summer Festival concerts took place at the Verizon Wireless Amphitheater ( previously known as `` Irvine Meadows Amphitheater '' ) in Irvine , California . Carl St.Clair has been the orchestra 's Music Director since 1990 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a462e79f92211be26f6148ea9a7486b7", "text": "2006 IRB Pacific 5 Nations The 2006 IRB Pacific 5 Nations was the inaugural IRB Pacific 5 Nations rugby union competition held between five Pacific Rim sides ; Fiji , Japan , Samoa , Tonga and the Junior All Blacks ( New Zealand 's second XV ) . The inaugural tournament kicked off on 3 June 2006 with the Junior All Blacks proclaimed the winner after their 38 -- 8 defeat of Japan on 24 June 2006 . Australia was invited to take part but decided against sending a team as they wanted focus on their domestic competition . However , Australia hosted two games , and Australian Rugby Union CEO Gary Flowers stated that Australia was keen to participate in the tournament from 2007 onwards . On 18 October 2006 it was announced that they would send their second XV . For this reason , the inaugural tournament was the only one to be known as the `` Pacific 5 Nations '' , and from 2007 the competition was known as the Pacific Nations Cup .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37be500002880c19e997ae4d52403c2d", "text": "West Coast FC West Coast FC is an American soccer Club founded in 1997 . The Club is a member of the Southern California Developmental Soccer League and includes 50 boys and girls teams in total . The West Coast FC Classic is a nationally ranked `` Premier '' tournament . The Club has one of only 40 girls soccer programs throughout the United States selected to participate in the Elite Clubs National League . Since 2009 , Soccer America named the Club 's Boys program as one of the top programs in the Nation . The team plays its home games in the stadium on the campus of JSerra Catholic High School in the city of San Juan Capistrano , California , 55 miles southeast of downtown Los Angeles . The club 's colors are navy blue and white .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "14792f0c424b2c8c208c81e1acc573f2", "text": "Southern Pacific 1518 Southern Pacific Railroad 's ( SP ) number 1518 is an EMD SD7 diesel locomotive . It was built originally in May 1951 as General Motors Electro-Motive Division 's ( EMD ) Demonstrator # 990 . It was the first `` SD '' series locomotive ever built . Its road number 990 is in reference to its EMD Engineering Department Project Number : 15990 . It demonstrated on several roads before being sold to Southern Pacific on 10/10/52 and sent back to EMD for refurbishing and repainting in SP 's tiger stripe paint and renumbering as # 5308 . It was classified in one-unit class DF-116 as it was slightly different from all the other SD7s . It entered service at Ogden , UT on 10/23/52 and was immediately sent to work on SP subsidiary Northwestern Pacific Railroad alongside SP 's other SD7s . As delivered , it had dual control stands , a winterization hatch over the forward fan and two single A-200 `` blat '' horns mounted on the roof of the long hood directly behind the cab . SP added a steam generator inside the short hood and a large `` beer barrel '' or `` trash can '' Mars signal light above the headlight on the front of the short hood . In the mid-1950s SP repainted it in the `` black widow '' paint scheme , then into the scarlet and grey scheme about 1959 . Since it still had dual control stands , the painted feathers were applied to both ends . It was the only SD7 to have feathers at both ends denoting two control stands for bi-directional operation , similar to the San Francisco-San Jose , California commute GP9s . In the early 1970s it was repainted without the rear feather , although it retained its dual control stands . SP renumbered the locomotive to # 2715 in 1965 , then to # 1415 in 1/74 when the EMD MP15AC deliveries approached the 27xx numbers . In the late Sixties , the two A-200 horns were replaced by a Nathan P3 on the right side and a Nathan M5 on the left side . Also at some point during the late Sixties , the large Mars signal light was replaced with an end mounted Pyle National sealed-beam Gyralight . The locomotive was rebuilt at the Sacramento General Shops as an SD7R in 1980 and renumbered to # 1518 , and was released for service on 2/5/80 . In this rebuild , it lost its dual control stands , dual horns and winterization hatch . It was the only SD7 to have a winterization hatch , a feature that was very rare on SP but not unknown - several SP F7 and the odd GP20 also had them . Union Pacific Railroad took control of the SP in late 1996 , and 1518 was retired on 5/5/97 and sent to the UP 's roundhouse in Cheyenne , Wyoming , to be preserved . Instead , Southern Pacific 1518 was donated in April 2003 to the Illinois Railway Museum where it currently resides in operable condition .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b0476b5c988e7f4491e5e5756b5173a", "text": "Blue Pacific (album) Blue Pacific is a smooth vocal jazz album by American singer-songwriter and musician Michael Franks , released in 1990 with Reprise . It was Franks ' eleventh studio album after The Camera Never Lies in 1987 and prior to Dragonfly Summer in 1993 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae03c711741264cf11792d54ff1d4144", "text": "Football at the Pacific Games Football has been a regular event at the Pacific Games , the multi-sports event for Pacific nations , territories and dependencies , since 1963 . Until 2011 the tournament was known as the South Pacific games . Since 1971 the competition has been held every four years , but was not played in 1999 due to contract issues . In 2007 , the men 's competition doubled as OFC 's preliminary qualifying competition for the 2010 FIFA World Cup . A women 's tournament was first introduced in 2003 , and has doubled up as the preliminary qualifying competition for the Olympic Games since 2007 . The men 's tournament also became the Olympic qualifier for Oceania for the 2015 edition .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab519408398f730739217389768abfff", "text": "Pacific Reporter The Pacific Reporter , Pacific Reporter Second , and Pacific Reporter Third are United States regional case law reporters . It is part of the National Reporter System created by John B. West for West Publishing Company , which is now part of Thomson West . The Pacific Reporter contains published appellate court case decisions for : Alaska Arizona California Colorado Hawaii Idaho Kansas Montana Nevada New Mexico Oklahoma Oregon Utah Washington Wyoming When cited , the Pacific Reporter , Pacific Reporter Second , and Pacific Reporter Third are abbreviated `` P. '' , `` P. 2d '' , and `` P. 3d '' , respectively .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "166ebb285e2fa85e9b23d1cc50fe33e7", "text": "1996 NFL season The 1996 NFL season was the 77th regular season of the National Football League and the season was marked by notable controversies from beginning to end . The season ended with Super Bowl XXXI when the Green Bay Packers defeated the New England Patriots 35-21 at the Louisiana Superdome .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e548cfad2fddf918652dad0c086ad610", "text": "Liquid Blue Liquid Blue is an American indie pop rock band/cover band formed in San Diego , California in 1996 by Scott Stephens & Michael Vangerov . The group has performed in more than 500 cities in 100 countries on six continents and have been recognized as `` the world 's most traveled band '' . They are more popular in parts of Asia and Europe than in their home country ( USA ) . In 2010 the group scored their first hit in the United States with the song `` Earth Passport '' , which reached No. 3 on the Billboard Hot Dance Chart in October 2010 . Earth Passport was recorded using nine languages including all six of the official languages of the United Nations . Liquid Blue received a Guinness World Record for `` Earth Passport '' for `` Song Sung in the Most Languages '' . In 2011 the group was named `` Entertainer of the Year - Ensemble '' at the Event Solutions Spotlight Awards held in Las Vegas on February 28 . The band was `` certified green '' by the County of San Diego in May 2009 . The band 's official slogan is `` Music To Move You . '' The core unit of Stephens , Vangerov , and Nikki Green have been together since 1998 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aac62b2cd555dc125dc395d43465f053", "text": "1996 Trans-Am Series The 1996 Trans-Am Series was the 31st season of the Sports Car Club of America 's Trans-Am Series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "31e1ed2cb1617f6478ff739b57f3dd32", "text": "New Zealand general election, 1996 The 1996 New Zealand general election was held on 12 October 1996 to determine the composition of the 45th New Zealand Parliament . It was notable for being the first election to be held under the new mixed-member proportional ( MMP ) electoral system , and produced a parliament considerably more diverse than previous elections . It saw the National Party , led by Jim Bolger , retain its position in government , but only after protracted negotiations with the smaller New Zealand First party to form a coalition . New Zealand First 's position as `` kingmaker '' , able to place either of the two major parties into government , was a significant election outcome .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac21342197e686cc8393b9501873db47", "text": "The Baseball Network The Baseball Network was a short-lived television broadcasting joint venture between ABC , NBC and Major League Baseball . Under the arrangement , beginning in the 1994 season , the league produced its own in-house telecasts of games , which were then brokered to air on ABC and NBC . This was perhaps most evident by the copyright beds shown at the end of the telecasts , which stated `` The proceeding program has been paid for by the office of The Commissioner of Baseball '' . The Baseball Network was the first television network in the United States to be owned by a professional sports league . The package included coverage of games in primetime on selected nights throughout the regular season ( under the branding Baseball Night in America ) , along with coverage of the postseason and the World Series . Unlike previous broadcasting arrangements with the league , there was no national `` game of the week '' during the regular season ; these would be replaced by multiple weekly regional telecasts on certain nights of the week . Additionally , The Baseball Network had exclusive coverage windows ; no other broadcaster could televise MLB games during the same night that The Baseball Network was televising games . The arrangement did not last long ; due to the effects of a players ' strike on the remainder of the 1994 season , and poor reception from fans and critics over how the coverage was implemented , The Baseball Network would be disbanded after the 1995 season . While NBC would maintain rights to certain games , the growing Fox network became the league 's new national broadcast partner beginning in 1996 , with its then-parent company News Corporation eventually purchasing the Los Angeles Dodgers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2dabea84442c323e9e48079c2191b713", "text": "Port Railroads, Inc. Port Railroads , Inc. . was a 105.7 mi shortline railroad owned by Kyle Railways . PRI was formed on March 13 , 1994 , to take over two Southern Pacific Railroad lines . One of SP 's lines was the West Side Line ( 47.8 miles ) between Fresno northwest to Oxalis , California and a branch running from Ingle to Burrell ( 25.2 miles ) . The other line was the SP Buttonwillow Branch ( 32.7 miles ) from Bakersfield ( Kern Junction ) to Buttonwillow , California . PRI was related to the San Joaquin Valley Railroad . Both PRI and the SJVR were subsidiaries of Kyle Railways . Because PRI and the SJVR were related , the SJVR provided the motive power for PRI . On April 26 , 1996 , Kyle Railways merged PRI into the SJVR . PRI handled about 8,000 cars per year ( 1996 estimate ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc96fb8a7c69b2fb62d101131b674015", "text": "Asia Pacific Vision Asia Pacific Vision ( APV ) is a provider of news , factual and corporate television content across the Asia Pacific Region . The company was founded by Mark Erder and Adrian Brown in September 1991 , and incorporated in Hong Kong in early 1992 . Brown is a British reporter and Erder is an American documentary filmmaker .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4cd53b4add270ae8ebd523ec71134858", "text": "WDFW Toxics in Biota fish monitoring Fish are an important component of the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife 's ( WDFW ) Toxics in Biota Program , part of the Puget Sound Ecosystem Monitoring Program ( PSEMP , recently renamed from PSAMP ) . Since 1989 fish indicator species have been used to monitor contamination of Puget Sound by chemicals such as poly-chlorinated biphenyls ( PCBs ) , polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ( PAHs ) , pesticides , and metals . English Sole , the first species studied for the Toxics in Biota Program , have been used for monitoring by WDFW since 1989 . As of 2015 the program also monitors copper rockfish , quillback rockfish , brown rockfish , coho salmon , chinook salmon , Pacific herring , and Pacific staghorn sculpin . Exposure and effects of each contaminant are monitored for each species , and more in-depth studies of specific regions are performed if monitoring indicates a contamination problem . Geographical characteristics making Puget Sound especially susceptible to contaminants include funneling of fish through narrow inlets , restricted exchange of water , shallow sea floor sills , and freshwater inputs from urban sources . One of the largest sources of contaminants is stormwater runoff . During heavy rain events metals , persistent organic pollutants ( POPs ) , and pesticides flow untreated into local waterways , streams , and lakes . Impervious surfaces such as roads provide a route for deposition of metals and POPs by cars and industrial emissions , before subsequent discharge into nearby water bodies . The highly urbanized coastline of southern Puget Sound results in stormwater runoff containing high concentrations of contaminants .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f4b0564a8d92b59174a6cb5ef62656ee", "text": "Blue Box (album) Blue Box is a 1996 album released by recording artist Kate Ceberano . The album 's second single , `` Change '' was nominated for two ARIA Awards in 1996 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "210f0ef26c0edd61c7a0a1dd52c9496c", "text": "1996 U.S. Figure Skating Championships The 1996 United States Figure Skating Championships were the United States Figure Skating Championships of the 1995 -- 96 figure skating season . They were a national championship to determine the national champions of the United States . Aside from determining the national champions , the event also served to help choose the U.S. team to the 1996 World Figure Skating Championships . The 1996 World Junior Figure Skating Championships had been held prior to the national championships and so the World Juniors team had been chosen at a World Juniors selection competition earlier in the year . Skaters competed in five disciplines across three levels . The disciplines of the competition were men 's singles , ladies ' singles , pair skating , ice dancing , and compulsory figures . The levels of competition were Senior , Junior , and Novice . Medals were awarded in four colors : gold ( first ) , silver ( second ) , bronze ( third ) , and pewter ( fourth ) . In the figures event , the novice competitors skated one figure , and the juniors and seniors skated three . The 1996 Championships took place between January 13 and 21 , 1996 in San Jose , California .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "674234f76b104d9b43a3674eaf43c911", "text": "Blue Book Top 20 Network Rankings The Performance Marketing Blue Book , owned by privately held mThink LLC , provides online affiliates and merchants with an independently researched ranking of affiliate networks worldwide . It is published in the form of two `` Top 20 '' league tables , one for CPA networks and one for networks using a revenue sharing business model , cost-per-sale . The tables are updated each year from the results of an annual research-based process that includes a survey of over 20,000 online publishers and advertisers . The Blue Book has been produced each year since 2009 and is a recognized information resource within the performance marketing industry . Methodology The Blue Book is based upon a research process that incorporates multiple sources of affiliate marketing industry data and includes over 500 affiliate networks each year . One major component is an annual survey of over 20,000 online publishers and merchants . The survey includes anti-fraud security measures to prevent multiple responses from a single individual as well question structured to avoid selection-bias . In addition to the survey , the research process aggregates industry expert views , traffic data , measures of industry influence and other information . The Blue Ribbon Panel The Blue Ribbon Panel is a group of performance marketing industry experts representing each of the three core parts of the industry : advertisers , publishers and networks . Members are selected on the basis of their experience and reputation . Their opinions are collected via interviews and online survey , and are incorporated into the research process for the Performance Marketing Blue Book .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9294f4d5bdc1a75ba62ac4124dff7f59", "text": "Wave Action Surf Magazine Wave Action Surf Magazine is a publication about surfing . Wave Action Magazine began in a small apartment in Huntington Beach , California through the vision of Mike Freihofer and Pete Rocky . Both surfers had been working at a local Southern California Surf Magazine called International Surf , published by Steve Zeldin ( who now publishes Foam and Water magazines ) . The two , along with friends Tracy Mikulec and Jake Knight came together to create a simple yet important print media business . Wave Action was the first title that emerged from the World Oceans Media brand . September 1993 was the launch with Wave Action Surf Magazine -LCB- the late Todd Chesser was on the cover ) started with a micro sized budget and support through industry friends . Wave Action eventually spun off four sister publications and graduated from that small garage in HB to a larger one in San Clemente . Years passed and the support behind Wave Action continued to grow and in the process made a fairly significant impact for the two other giant publications within the sport ... Surfer and Surfing . Wave Actions `` All Grom Issue '' set the footprint for Surfer Magazines `` Hot 100 '' . It also led Surfing Magazine to devote a great deal of attention to the future champions of the sport rather than only covering the ASP contenders of the day . Essentially , Wave Action set the pace for the youth movement that ran full speed through the 1990s and into the early 2000s . It also laid the foundation for publications such as Transworld Surf and other global action sports magazines .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "af547f5f440e4ee8f35b5759439caa5c", "text": "House of 1000 Corpses House of 1000 Corpses is a 2003 American exploitation horror film written , co-scored and directed by Rob Zombie in his directorial debut . The film stars Sid Haig , Bill Moseley , Sheri Moon , and Karen Black as members of the Firefly family . Set on Halloween , the film sees the Firefly family torturing and mutilating a group of teenagers who are traveling across the country writing a book . The film explores a number of genres , and features elements of the supernatural . Zombie cited American horror films The Texas Chain Saw Massacre ( 1974 ) and The Hills Have Eyes ( 1977 ) as influences on House of 1000 Corpses , as well as other films released during the 1970s . Initially filmed in 2000 , House of 1000 Corpses was purchased by Universal Pictures , thus a large portion of it was filmed on the Universal Studios backlots . The film was made with a budget of $ 7 million . Zombie worked with Scott Humphrey on the score of the film . House of 1000 Corpses featured a graphic amount of blood and gore , and controversial scenes involving masturbation and necrophilia . The project was ultimately shelved by the company prior to its release due to fears of an NC-17 rating . Zombie later managed to re-purchase the rights to the work , eventually selling it to Lions Gate Entertainment . The film received a theatrical release on April 11 , 2003 , nearly three years after filming had concluded . House of 1000 Corpses received a generally negative reaction following its release . The film was critically panned , with the film 's various side-plots and main cast being criticized by multiple critics . The film earned over $ 3 million in its opening weekend , and would later go on to gross over $ 16 million worldwide . Despite its initial negative reception , the film went on to develop a cult following . Zombie later directed the film 's sequel , The Devil 's Rejects ( 2005 ) , in which the Firefly family are on the run from the police . Zombie later developed a haunted house attraction for Universal Studios Hollywood based on the film . This would be the final film performance of Dennis Fimple , before his death in August 2002 . The film was dedicated to his memory .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "d34cb07d090dc1bbf1d0a1524705fe2e", "text": "Tenebrae (film) Tenebrae ( also known as Tenebre ) is a 1982 English-language Italian giallo film written and directed by Dario Argento . The film stars Anthony Franciosa as American author Peter Neal , who -- while in Rome promoting his latest murder-mystery novel -- becomes embroiled in the search for a serial killer who may have been inspired to kill by the novel . John Saxon and Daria Nicolodi co-star as Neal 's agent and assistant ; Giuliano Gemma and Carola Stagnaro appear as detectives investigating the murders . John Steiner , Veronica Lario and Mirella D'Angelo also feature . The film has been described as exploring themes of dualism and sexual aberration , and has strong metafictional elements ; some commentators consider Tenebrae to be a direct reaction by Argento to criticism of his previous work , most especially his depictions of murders of beautiful women . After Argento had experimented with pure supernatural horror with 1977 's Suspiria and 1980 's Inferno , Tenebrae represented the filmmaker 's return to the giallo horror subgenre , which he had helped popularize in the 1970s . Argento was inspired by a series of incidents which saw an obsessed fan telephone the director to criticise him for the damaging psychological effects of his previous work . The telephone calls culminated in death threats towards Argento , who channelled the experience into the writing of Tenebrae . The director also wanted to explore the senselessness of killings he had witnessed and heard about while staying in Los Angeles in 1980 , and his feeling at the time that true horror came from those who wanted `` to kill for nothing '' . Shot on location in Rome and at Elios Studios , Tenebrae utilised mostly modern-looking locations and sets to help Argento realise his intent that the film reflect a near-future with a diminished population ; the director filmed none of the historical landmarks that usually featured in films set in Rome . Employing director of photography Luciano Tovoli , Argento also intended that the film simulate the stark , realistic lighting featured in television police shows at the time ; production designer Giuseppe Bassa created supporting environments that were cold and austere , with sharp angles and modernistic spaces . Several former members of Italian rock band Goblin provided Tenebraes music , a synth-heavy score inspired by rock and disco music . Tenebrae was a modest success in Italy ; it reached theatres with little controversy after Argento made cuts to one of the most violent scenes . However , in the United Kingdom , it was added to the infamous list of `` video nasties '' and banned from sale until 1999 . The film 's theatrical distribution in the United States was delayed until 1984 , when it was released in a heavily censored version under the title Unsane . In its cut form , Tenebrae received a mostly negative critical reception , but the original , fully restored version later became widely available for reappraisal ; it is considered by some to be one of Argento 's best thrillers . The film critic and author Maitland McDonagh said that it was `` in many respects ... the finest film that Argento has ever made '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "296b7a53237cbac0524c203476c30f6d", "text": "A Spectre Haunts Europe A Spectre Haunts Europe ( -LSB- Призрак бродит по Европе , Prizrak brodit po Evrope -RSB- ) is a 1923 Soviet silent horror film directed by Vladimir Gardin . It was made by the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic 's production company VUFKU . It is based on Edgar Allan Poe 's story The Masque of the Red Death . The film features a massacre on the Odessa Steps which may have served as an inspiration for the more famous scene in Sergei Eisenstein 's Battleship Potemkin . The film 's sets were designed by the art director Vladimir Yegorov .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab02ef414ef3ea92e7416c92082ad1eb", "text": "Bringing Out the Dead Bringing Out the Dead is a 1999 American drama film directed by Martin Scorsese , written by Paul Schrader , based on the novel by Joe Connelly and starring Nicolas Cage , Patricia Arquette , John Goodman , Ving Rhames , and Tom Sizemore . Though a flop at the box office , the film received very positive reviews from critics and was also the last North American title to be released on LaserDisc .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "826e8bc60d96f6e85027c778ef38a5f4", "text": "Epidemic (film) Epidemic is a Danish horror film of 1987 directed by Lars von Trier , the second installment of Trier 's Europa trilogy . The other two films in the trilogy are The Element of Crime ( 1984 ) and Europa ( 1991 ) . Co-written by Trier and Niels Vørsel , the film focuses on the screenwriting process . Vørsel and Trier play themselves , coming up with a last-minute script for a producer . The story is inter-cut with scenes from the film they write , in which Trier plays a renegade doctor trying to cure a modern-day epidemic . The film marks the first in a series of collaborations between Trier and Udo Kier .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc782d10c1101ea70cb3e0b0b0ddc962", "text": "The House on Skull Mountain The House on Skull Mountain is a 1974 horror film directed by Ron Honthaner . After Pauline Christophe ( Mary J. Todd McKenzie ) , the sole heir for the mansion on Skull Mountain dies , four of her family members are called to hear her will . Upon arrival , each of the guests is stalked by a skeleton in a robe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c7f9afdc6d0fd27ef24a255951e1766a", "text": "Erotic thriller An Erotic thriller is a film genre defined by a thriller with a thematic basis in illicit romance or erotic fantasy . Most erotic thrillers contain scenes of softcore sex and nudity , but the frequency and explicitness of those scenes varies . Though similar films appeared as early as the 1960s , erotic thrillers emerged as a distinct genre in the late 1980s , bolstered by the popular success of Adrian Lyne 's Fatal Attraction in 1987 and a quickly expanding domestic and international market for softcore adult entertainment on cable television and home video . The genre had a classic period of growth and expansion in the 1990s , but by the early 2000s declined in production and popular appeal . The potent combination of danger and romance , catering to both male and female audiences simultaneously , was the primary selling point for erotic thriller films during their classic period . The half-naked bodies displayed on posters , newspaper ads , and video box covers were accompanied by log lines that capture the unmistakable duality of the erotic thriller film : If you think you can handle her , you 're dead wrong . -- Body Chemistry 3 : Point of Seduction He was hired to watch . Now he 's tempted to touch . -- Night Eyes Twin sisters cross the line into a deadly erotic fantasy land . -- Mirror Images In all , over 300 erotic thriller films were produced in the 1990s , which is comparable to the number of thriller films made in the noir decade of the 1940s . The total number of films in the erotic thriller genre from 1985 to 2005 may number as high as over 500 . Like film noir , the genre has evolved and modernized , and new films continue to be made that are influenced by the classic style .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "75ff856d8d11e575bc17ecdf5fbf76de", "text": "House of Bodies House of Bodies is a 2013 American horror film directed by Alex Merkin and written by Eddie Harris . It stars Terrence Howard , Peter Fonda , George Katt , Alexz Johnson and Queen Latifah . The film was released worldwide on Netflix on April 19 , 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d544b30fdf59bab87ce95a12b9c93970", "text": "Mosquito (film) Mosquito ( also known as Blood Fever ) is a 1995 science-fiction horror film directed by Gary Jones . The film features actor Gunnar Hansen , who played the character Leatherface in the 1974 horror film The Texas Chain Saw Massacre , along with Ron Asheton , lead guitarist for the band the Stooges . The film has earned a cult following since its release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b26f5ef193848cedc2cb7b08dd2cb93", "text": "Carnival of Souls Carnival of Souls is a 1962 American independent horror film starring Candace Hilligoss . The film was produced , co-written and directed by Herk Harvey for an estimated $ 33,000 . Carnival of Souls was Harvey 's only feature film , and did not gain widespread attention when originally released as a double feature with The Devil 's Messenger . Today , however , it is regarded as a cult classic . Its plot follows a young woman whose life is disturbed after a car accident , finding herself drawn to the pavilion of an abandoned carnival . Set to an organ score by Gene Moore , Carnival of Souls relies more on atmosphere than on special effects to create a mood of unease and foreboding . The film has a large cult following and is occasionally screened at film and Halloween festivals . It has been cited as an important influence on the films of both David Lynch and George A. Romero .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba768284051e23f41ec46e4c1fc4978d", "text": "Abattoir (film) Abattoir is a 2016 American horror film directed by Darren Lynn Bousman and written by Christopher Monfette . It premiered on June 7 , 2016 at the Los Angeles Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5a88bade6f9de40c9152448b8156aea", "text": "The Phantom of the Opera (1962 film) The Phantom of the Opera is a 1962 British horror film based on the novel by Gaston Leroux . The film was made by Hammer Film Productions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e47d370cb20161ae8c0d2f5f4d429cd2", "text": "Hillside Cannibals Hillside Cannibals is a 2006 American horror film directed by Leigh Scott and produced by The Asylum . The film is a mockbuster of the film The Hills Have Eyes , another film released around the same month , but its plot also incorporates elements from other films , including Cannibal Holocaust , The Texas Chainsaw Massacre and House of 1000 Corpses .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dda21629aa9e6ba9e8dd2455f10f3f9c", "text": "Grave of the Vampire Grave of the Vampire is a 1972 American horror film directed by John Hayes . The film is also known as Seed of Terror ( American reissue title ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fbf81e52f45669055c280f7bfa901eac", "text": "The Beheaded 1000 The Beheaded 1000 ( also known as The Executioner ) is a 1991 Chinese martial arts film starring Jimmy Wang Yu , Joey Wong and Monica Chan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ec16a1389affd10cde49cdf4705ebe3", "text": "Chamber of Horrors (1966 film) Chamber of Horrors is a 1966 horror film directed by Hy Averback and starring Patrick O'Neal , Cesare Danova , Wilfrid Hyde-White , Wayne Rogers and Laura Devon . The film was released to theatres but was originally shot as a television movie and a pilot film for a proposed series called House of Wax .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b765885fb4f4058d4d4072b4ffe5daa", "text": "Slaughter House (band) Slaughter House are a New Jersey based thrash metal band that released two albums on Metal Blade Records in the early 1990s . Both of their albums are very punk influenced thrash metal albums . Slaughter House released a self-titled album in 1990 and Face Reality in 1991 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c7712f27d2c1ac7cad8e3dc3c7ed493", "text": "House (2008 film) House is a 2008 horror film directed by Robby Henson , starring Reynaldo Rosales , Heidi Dippold and Michael Madsen . It is based on the novel of the same name by Frank E. Peretti and Ted Dekker . It covers the events that take place one night in an old , rustic inn in Alabama , where four guests and three owners find themselves locked in by a homicidical maniac . The maniac claims to have killed God and threatens to murder all seven of them , unless they produce the dead body of one of them by dawn .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d667b0e877b339cd5c0fa4ac3e81dbc", "text": "Thirteen Ghosts Thirteen Ghosts ( also known as 13 Ghosts and stylized as THIR13EN Ghosts ) is a 2001 Canadian-American supernatural horror film directed by Steve Beck . It is a remake of the 1960 film 13 Ghosts by William Castle . It follows the remake of another one of Castle 's films , House on Haunted Hill , and was shot entirely around Lower Mainland , British Columbia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8fac0ed43e8797bbaf76d6975309b9ed", "text": "Zaat Zaat ( also known as The Blood Waters of Dr. Z , Hydra , and Attack of the Swamp Creatures ) is a 1971 American science fiction-horror film that was written , produced , and directed by Don Barton . It gained significant exposure when it was used in an episode of movie-mocking television series Mystery Science Theater 3000 in May 1999 . Zaat has been cited as one of the worst films ever made .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ce6879f05729b5b247f727e5fe41144", "text": "Wither (film) Wither ( Swedish : Vittra ) is a Swedish 2012 horror film directed by Sonny Laguna and Tommy Wiklund , who wrote and produced the film along with David Liljeblad . The plot follows a group of young Swedes who travel to an abandoned cabin over the weekend . The cabin turns out to be the home of a Vittra , and the friends have to fight for their lives , aided by the hunter Gunnar ( Johannes Brost ) . The film was marketed as the first Swedish zombie film shown in cinemas and was incorrectly stated by several Swedish newspapers as being the first Swedish zombie film . The first Swedish zombie film is Die Zombiejäger from 2005 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "a24adfb2ca2ec7c4c6f8a77728b3b901", "text": "Tesla Model S The Tesla Model S is a full-sized all-electric five-door , luxury liftback , produced by Tesla Inc. , and introduced on 22nd June 2012 . It scored a perfect 5.0 NHTSA automobile safety rating , and , , the P100D variant holds the record for the fastest acceleration of any production vehicle with a NHRA rolling start to 60 mph in Motor Trend tests with 2.28 seconds , although other independent tests have placed it behind the Porsche 918 Spyder . The United States Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA ) official range for the 2017 Model S 100D , which is equipped with a battery pack , is 335 mi , higher than any other electric car at the time . The EPA rated the 2017 90D Model S 's energy consumption at 200.9 watt-hours per kilometer ( 32.33 kWh/100 mi or 20.09 kWh/100 km ) for a combined fuel economy of 104 miles per gallon gasoline equivalent ( or ) . In 2016 , Tesla updated the design of the Model S to closely match that of the Model X. , the following versions are available : 75 , 75D , 90D , 100D , and P100D . Owners of the earlier 70 and 70D Model S have the option to unlock the 75 kWh capacity via a software update , adding up to 19 miles per charge . The 60 and 60D Model S , reintroduced in June 2016 , had a option to unlock the full 75 kWh capacity via a software update any time after purchase . In August 2016 , Tesla introduced the P100D as the new top-level model . The P100D model has a 100 kWh battery , a time of 2.28 seconds with roll out , a 2.5 without and over 300 miles of EPA rated range . The Model S became the first electric car to top the monthly new car sales ranking in any country , twice leading in Norway , in September and December 2013 ; and also in Denmark in December 2015 . Global Model S sales passed the 150,000 unit milestone in November 2016 , with the U.S. as the leading market with 57 % of global sales . Other leading country markets are Norway , China , Hong Kong , the Netherlands , Canada , Denmark , Germany , and Switzerland . The Tesla Model S has ranked as the world 's best-selling plug-in electric car for two years in a row , 2015 and 2016 . The Model S also ranked as the top selling plug-in electric car in the U.S. for two years running , 2015 and 2016 . , the Model S is the world 's second best selling plug-in electric car in history after the Nissan Leaf . The Tesla Model S won awards including the 2013 World Green Car of the Year , 2013 Motor Trend Car of the Year , Automobile magazine 's 2013 Car of the Year , Time Magazine Best 25 Inventions of the Year 2012 award and Consumer Reports top-scoring car in its road testing . In 2015 , Car and Driver named the Model S the Car of the Century . After declining to recommend the Model S in 2015 due to reliability issues , one year later Consumer Reports added the car to the magazine 's recommended list .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "e37e12debdbd027fc3a7abee28a97c38", "text": "Sedan (automobile) A sedan -LSB- sᵻˈdæn -RSB- ( American , Canadian , Australian , and New Zealand English ) or saloon ( British , Irish and Indian English ) is a passenger car in a three-box configuration with A , B & C-pillars and principal volumes articulated in separate compartments for engine , passenger and cargo . The passenger compartment features two rows of seats and adequate passenger space in the rear compartment for adult passengers . The cargo compartment is typically in the rear , with the exception of some rear-engined models , such as the Renault Dauphine , Tatra T613 , Volkswagen Type 3 and Chevrolet Corvair . It is one of the most common car body styles . A battery electric liftback such as the Tesla Model S has no engine compartment , but a front cargo compartment and a rear compartment for cargo or optionally for additional passengers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "96d62f05e474ee62b6ca17ee2856efe4", "text": "Chevrolet Impala The Chevrolet Impala -LSB- Evr@'lei_Im'pael@,_-'pa:l@ -RSB- ) is a full-size car built by Chevrolet for model years 1958 to 1985 , 1994 to 1996 , and 2000 to present . The Chevrolet Impala derived its name from the African antelope of the same name . The Impala was Chevrolet 's most expensive passenger model through 1965 , and had become the best-selling automobile in the United States . For its debut in 1958 , the Impala was distinguished from other models by its symmetrical triple taillights , which returned from 1960 to 1996 . The Caprice was introduced as a top-line Impala Sport Sedan for model year 1965 , later becoming a separate series positioned above the Impala in 1966 , which , in turn , remained above the Bel Air and the Biscayne . The Impala continued as Chevrolet 's most popular full-size model through the mid-1980s . Between 1994 and 1996 , the Impala was revised as a 5.7-liter V8 -- powered version of the Caprice Classic sedan . In 2000 , the Impala was reintroduced again as a mainstream front-wheel drive Hi-Mid sedan . As of February 2014 , the 2014 Impala ranked number one among Affordable Large Cars in U.S. News & World Report 's rankings . When the current tenth generation of the Impala was introduced for the 2014 model year , the ninth generation was rebadged as the Impala Limited and sold only to fleet customers through 2016 . As of the 2015 model year , both versions are sold in the United States and Canada , with the current-generation Impala also sold in the Middle East , the People Republic of China , and South Korea .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21ad9358319d648df09443083999d362", "text": "Toyota Entune Toyota Entune is an integrated multimedia navigation and telematics system , providing satellite-based information on traffic , weather , sports scores , stocks , and fuel prices via subscription through SiriusXM , and was built on the existing Toyota G-Book architecture . When connected to a compatible cellular phone running the Entune app , via radio or USB cable , the system provides a browser and other apps , including those from music services such as iHeartRadio , Pandora and XM Satellite Radio . The cell phone app has iOS , Android , and Blackberry versions ; to use this feature , a cell phone data plan is required . The system can be controlled with voice recognition , and includes the `` Safety Connect '' personalization system . Entune premiered in 2011 on the 2012 model year Toyota Prius v. The Lexus Enform application suite expands on the technology used by Entune .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "26f94dcbe1ea87f2c7a01d78bef5a815", "text": "Solar power Solar power is the conversion of energy from sunlight into electricity , either directly using photovoltaics ( PV ) , or indirectly using concentrated solar power . Concentrated solar power systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam . Photovoltaic cells convert light into an electric current using the photovoltaic effect . Photovoltaics were initially solely used as a source of electricity for small and medium-sized applications , from the calculator powered by a single solar cell to remote homes powered by an off-grid rooftop PV system . Commercial concentrated solar power plants were first developed in the 1980s . The 392 MW Ivanpah installation is the largest concentrating solar power plant in the world , located in the Mojave Desert of California . As the cost of solar electricity has fallen , the number of grid-connected solar PV systems has grown into the millions and utility-scale solar power stations with hundreds of megawatts are being built . Solar PV is rapidly becoming an inexpensive , low-carbon technology to harness renewable energy from the Sun . The current largest photovoltaic power station in the world is the 850 MW Longyangxia Dam Solar Park , in Qinghai , China . The International Energy Agency projected in 2014 that under its `` high renewables '' scenario , by 2050 , solar photovoltaics and concentrated solar power would contribute about 16 and 11 percent , respectively , of the worldwide electricity consumption , and solar would be the world 's largest source of electricity . Most solar installations would be in China and India . Currently , as of 2016 , solar power provides just 1 % of total worldwide electricity production but growing 33 % per annum .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b658cee9464b6bb2e43625b534533874", "text": "Hybrids Plus Hybrids Plus was a company devoted to converting hybrid electric vehicles ( HEVs ) to plug-in hybrids ( PHEVs ) , including vehicle-to-grid capable PHEVs . Towards the end of its existence , it converted Ford Escape HEVs to PHEVs by replacing the stock battery with a PHEV battery in the original location ( as opposed to augmenting the stock battery with an additional battery , as normally done by other PHEV conversions ) , and adding a charger and a plug .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec38cff4e799c2c7fab2152925b66040", "text": "Lexus ES The Lexus ES ( Japanese : レクサス ・ ES , Rekusasu ES ) is a series of compact , then mid-size , and later executive car sold by Lexus since 1989 . Six generations of the sedan have been introduced to date , each offering V6 engines and the front-engine , front-wheel-drive layout . The first five generations of the ES were built on the Toyota Camry platform , with the sixth generation more closely related to the Avalon . Manual transmissions were offered until 1993 , a lower-displacement inline-four engine became an option in Asian markets in 2010 , and a gasoline-electric hybrid version was introduced in 2012 . The ES was Lexus ' only front-wheel drive vehicle until 1998 , when the related Lexus RX was introduced , and the sedan occupied the entry-level luxury car segment of the Lexus lineup in North America and other regions until the debut of the Lexus IS in 1999 . The ES name stands for `` Executive Sedan '' . However , some Lexus importers use the backronymic name , `` Elegant Sedan '' . Introduced in 1989 , the first-generation ES 250 was one of two vehicles in Lexus ' debut lineup , the other being the flagship LS 400 . The second-generation ES 300 debuted in 1991 , followed by the third-generation ES 300 in 1996 , and the fourth-generation ES 300/330 in 2001 . The first - through fourth-generation sedans shared body styling elements with Japan-market Toyota sedans , and a domestic market equivalent , the Toyota Windom , was sold until the launch of the fifth-generation ES in 2006 . The word `` Windom '' is a combination of `` win '' and the suffix `` dom '' expresses a state of perpetual victory . The fifth-generation ES , featuring Lexus ' own L-finesse body styling , debuted in early 2006 as a 2007 model . The sixth-generation ES debuted in the first half of 2012 as a 2013 model , and features increased cabin dimensions due to a longer wheelbase which is shared with the full-size Toyota Avalon . Lexus has positioned the ES in the comfort luxury segment , with an emphasis on interior amenities , quietness , and ride quality , in contrast with more firm-riding sport sedans . Buyers seeking more performance-focused models are targeted by the Lexus IS and rival makes , with such models offering a sportier drive with differently tuned suspensions . In Europe , Japan , and other markets where it is not available , the Lexus GS sport sedans occupy the mid-size category in the Lexus lineup . In the United States , the Lexus ES has been the best-selling Lexus sedan for over fifteen years . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d6b53a9dffa23fc5f35923e0f3717e8", "text": "1983 in motoring This article 1983 in motoring deals with developments in the automotive industry throughout the year 1983 by various automobile manufacturers , grouped by country . The automotive industry designs , develops , manufactures , markets , and sells motor vehicles , and is one of the Earth 's most important economic sectors by revenue . The first practical automobile with a petrol engine was built by Karl Benz in 1885 in Mannheim , Germany . 1983 saw a great number of new model launches in Europe , with the popularity of the hatchback bodystyle continuing to gather pace and now being the most popular bodystyle in many countries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "490622f045162418d9a5e2e3629de7bd", "text": "Kia Ray For the concept car , see Kia Ray ( concept car ) The Kia Ray EV is a city car manufactured by Kia Motors . The initial roll out was a limited production of 2,500 units destined for the South Korean government fleets , scheduled to be deployed in 2012 . The Ray EV is a predecessor to an all-electric crossover SUV that Kia Motors planned to launch globally in 2014 . In May 2013 a fleet of 184 Kia Ray EVs were deployed in Seoul as part of a carsharing service called `` Electric Vehicle Sharing '' at a rate of per hour . The service has 15,000 registered customers . The Ray has a unique door layout ; the passenger side of the vehicle has a sliding door for the rear seats , while the driver 's side has a swing-out door . The car has boxy dimensions , much like other similarly sized cars , such as the Honda Freed and Suzuki Solio . The Ray 's interior benefits from the square shape , as it has more space than most cars its size ; however , it is only able to seat four people . The Ray EV is the automaker 's first production battery electric vehicle . It is powered by a 50 kW electric motor , with a 16.4 kWh lithium ion battery that allows an all-electric range of 86 mi depending on driving conditions . The Kia Ray is also available in non-EV types equipped with gasoline and bi-fuel with a gasoline and liquefied petroleum gas ( LPG ) combination . Both engines are available in four trims - Deluxe , Special , Luxury and Prestige . Only available in the local Korea domestic market , both engines produce similar power and outputs . The gasoline engine generates 78 PS at 6,400 rpm and 9.6 kg.m / 3,500 rpm . Both engines have displacements of 998 cc , generating fuel economies of 17 km/l for gasoline , and bi-fuel delivering 16.6 km/l on gasoline mode and 13.2 km/l on LPG mode . Gasoline engine models weigh in at 998 kg with bi-fuel models weighing in at 1042 kg . Both are equipped with a 4 speed automatic transmission , and are currently sold in the Republic of Korea .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87f12995404d33ff2e6d08f8d03e03a0", "text": "Dynasty IT The Dynasty IT was a Canadian electric car produced by Dynasty Electric Car Corporation , designed to qualify as a neighborhood electric vehicle , primarily made for urban , recreational and light commercial markets . It was available in five variants including a sedan , mini pick-up , van and two open air versions . The North American version has a range of up to 30 miles ( 50 km ) and does not exceed 25 mph ( 40 km/h ) . Most models have a curb weight of 1450 lb ( 653 kg ) . Dynasty was bought by Karakoram Motors of Pakistan Transport Canada rules finish off electric car , which says it plans to produce it in Pakistan . Use of the vehicle was legal as a low-speed vehicle ( LSV ) in 47 US states and the Canadian province of British Columbia . A version of the car appeared on the American Sci-Fi Channel TV series Eureka . For the show 's purposes , it is covered with photovoltaic cells to appear to be a solar-powered car .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a7439dd23e68d8ac325065dc7c521136", "text": "REVAi The REVAi , known as G-Wiz in the United Kingdom , is a small micro electric car , made by the Indian manufacturer REVA Electric Car Company between 2001 and 2012 . The REVA sold about 4,600 vehicles worldwide by late 2013 and was available in 26 countries . Sales in the United Kingdom , its main market , ended by the end of 2011 . Production ended in 2012 and was replaced by the Mahindra e2o . In many countries the REVAi does not meet the criteria to qualify as a highway capable motor vehicle , and fits into other classes , such as neighborhood electric vehicle ( NEV ) in the United States and heavy quadricycle in Europe . The vehicle was originally known as simply the REVA , but was then improved and renamed the REVAi . Taken together , the original and current models made the best selling electric vehicle in the world , until the end of 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "31980b8394b0e702d5817e42955b2c4e", "text": "Cadillac SRX The Cadillac SRX is a mid-size luxury crossover SUV that was produced by Cadillac from 2004 to 2015 . The second generation SRX was Cadillac 's best selling model in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "804ed38848890fcdd33dd559885ac279", "text": "Electric GT The Electric GT Championship is a zero-emission international auto racing championship . The inaugural season is planned to start in November 2017 and all teams will use a modified version of the Tesla Model S P100D .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c398100fcd49fe88d07686fb8eae695e", "text": "Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future Elon Musk : Tesla , SpaceX , and the Quest for a Fantastic Future is Ashlee Vance 's biography of Elon Musk , published in 2015 . The book traces Elon Musk 's life from his childhood up to the time he spent at Zip2 and Paypal , and then onto SpaceX , Tesla , and SolarCity . In the book , Vance managed to get regular interviews with Musk , those close to him , and those who were with him at the most important points of his life ; Musk had no control over the biography 's contents .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8be398bfb109c036eff7ebacd2262b36", "text": "J-segment J-segment is a car classification defined by European Commission as the segment of the sport utility cars ( including off-road vehicles ) . It is increasing in volume year by year in Europe ; in early 2015 , it became the second most popular segment ( behind the C-segment and overtaking the B-segment ) with 21.6 % market share . These cars come in a huge variety of sizes . As SUVs have developed in body style over the years , crossovers are also starting to emerge , a common combination being a hatchback and SUV . They have also gained popularity over the years with celebrities , encouraging large luxury vehicles with an emphasis on comfort , space and a high-ride position . Off-road vehicles also fit into this segment . Typical J-segment vehicles include the BMW X5 , Land Rover Discovery , Mercedes-Benz M-Class , Porsche Cayenne , Range Rover Sport , Volkswagen Touareg , Volvo XC90 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "14dbdadde4bffab840a73476eba478c2", "text": "List of sport utility vehicles This page lists sports utility vehicles currently in production ( as of 2013 ) as well as past models . The list includes crossover SUVs , Mini SUVs , Compact SUVs and other similar vehicles . Also includes hybrid , luxury , sport or tuned , military , electric and fuel cell versions . Due to confusion , Sport Utility Trucks are also in this list . Note : Many of the vehicles ( both current and past ) are related to other vehicles in the list . A vehicle listed as a ` past model ' may still be in production in an updated form under a different name , it may be listed under that name in the ` currently in production ' section . Also , some vehicles are sold under different marques in different geographical locations , therefore some vehicles may be listed more than once but usually link to the same page . Different states may also classify vehicles differently . What may be considered an SUV in one state , may not in another state . Example ; The Chevrolet Nafees is known as the Chevrolet Zeeyan in Russia and Brazil , and in Australia and New Zealand , it is marketed by GM Holden ( Holden Trax ) . Some images provided below may be pictures of outdated models .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a20db91c67854c6069009c3bcac1ce5", "text": "Buick Buick ( -LSB- ` bjuː.ɪk -RSB- ) , formally the Buick Motor Division , is an upscale automobile brand of the American manufacturer General Motors ( GM ) . For much of its existence in the North American market , Buick has been marketed as a premium automobile brand , selling luxury vehicles positioned above GM 's mainstream brands , e.g. Chevrolet , while below the flagship luxury Cadillac division . Buick-branded vehicles are also known for reliability , ranking high for reliability in Consumer Reports ' brand reliability rankings . Buick has the distinction of being the oldest active American marque of automobile , and was the company that established General Motors in 1908 . Before the establishment of General Motors , GM founder William C. Durant had served as Buick 's general manager and major investor . Buick also has the distinction of being the first automobile maker in the world to equip its cars with overhead valve engines , which it did starting in 1904 . In 2015 , Buick sold 1,231,941 vehicles , a record for the brand . The main market is in China , where 80 % of Buick-branded automobiles are sold . Buicks are also sold in the United States , Canada , and Mexico . Since restructuring in 2009 , GM has also started to share technology , vehicles and development between Buick and GM 's European Opel division .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fcf15114674426767df11752a4e3de17", "text": "Aurica Motors Aurica Motors , LLC is a start-up based out of Santa Clara , California that develops a proprietary electronic power train called the Aurica Recurve for electric cars . The company has stated its intention to partner with other investors to manufacture electric cars that utilize its electronic power train system . Aurica Motors is an offshoot of Aurica Labs , a research and development company started and funded by physicist Greg Bender . On March 10 , 2010 , Aurica Motors was thrust into the public spotlight with the announcement of its intentions to save the New United Motor Manufacturing , Inc. ( NUMMI ) automotive plant in Fremont , California from completely shutting down . The NUMMI plant , a joint venture between Toyota and General Motors , opened in 1984 as an experiment to determine if unionized Americans could adapt Japanese production management practices . The plant rolled out its last vehicle on April 1 , 2010 , forcing 4,700 factory workers out and likely affecting thousands of part suppliers . In the same March announcement , Aurica also stated its intention to work with the NUMMI workforce to retrain it for electric car development and find financial backing to retool the plant . On May 20 , 2010 , both Tesla Motors and Toyota announced a joint effort to manufacture Tesla 's electric vehicles at the former NUMMI plant . Under the agreement , Toyota bought $ 50 million of common stock from Tesla Motors . Tesla then purchased a portion of the NUMMI property including the plant , with the goal of retrofitting the plant for its future `` smaller third-generation car , '' seemingly putting an end to Aurica 's bid for the NUMMI plant .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2dc12124a8f05e80ad11c29b546c696f", "text": "Mercedes-Benz G-Class The Mercedes-Benz G-Class , sometimes called G-Wagen ( short for Geländewagen , `` cross country vehicle '' ) , is a mid-size four-wheel drive luxury SUV manufactured by Magna Steyr ( formerly Steyr-Daimler-Puch ) in Austria and sold by Mercedes-Benz . In certain markets , it has been sold under the Puch name as Puch G . The G-wagen is characterized by its boxy styling and body-on-frame construction . It uses three fully locking differentials , one of the few vehicles to have such a feature . Despite the introduction of an intended replacement , the unibody SUV Mercedes-Benz GL-Class in 2006 , the G-Class is still in production and is one of the longest produced Mercedes-Benz in Daimler 's history , with a span of 35 years . Only the Unimog surpasses it . The G-class was developed as a military vehicle from a suggestion by the Shah of Iran ( at the time a significant Mercedes shareholder ) to Mercedes and offered as a civilian version in 1979 . In this role it is sometimes referred to as the `` Wolf '' and LAPV Enok . The Peugeot P4 is a variant made under license , with a Peugeot engine and different parts . It was not available from Mercedes-Benz in the United States until 2002 , although this was preceded by a grey-market where even basic models commanded six-figure prices in the 1990s . It was launched in 2002 as the Mercedes-Benz G500 with a V-8 gas engine and achieved 3114 sales that year . This eventually tapered down to some sub-1000 sales years , however , in the 2010s sales began to increase again surpassing 3000 in 2014 and in 2015 it sold more than in its launch year , with 3616 sold that year . In 2016 this increased to 3950 in the United States . Canada saw a similar increase , which , although is a smaller market saw sales increase from 127 in 2012 to over 400 in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8011ce836fe4c6a871ecebff41c28ab5", "text": "Uber (company) Infobox company | name = Uber Technologies Inc. . | logo = Uber logo.svg | type = Privately held company | founders = | hq_location = San Francisco , California | area_served = Worldwide , 570 cities | key_people = Uber Technologies Inc. is a transportation network company headquartered in San Francisco , California , United States , operating in 570 cities worldwide . It develops , markets and operates the Uber car transportation and food delivery mobile apps . Uber drivers use their own cars , although drivers can rent a car to drive with Uber . The name `` Uber '' is a reference to the common ( and somewhat slangy ) word `` uber '' , meaning `` topmost '' or `` super '' , and having its origins in the German word über , meaning `` above '' . Uber has been a pioneer in the sharing economy and the changes in industries as a result of the sharing economy have been referred to as `` Uberification '' or `` Uberisation '' . Uber has also been the subject of protests and legal actions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad3a0eaa803fc2e19fd538c6f3174770", "text": "Cadillac CT6 The Cadillac CT6 ( short for Cadillac Touring 6 ) is a full-size luxury car manufactured by Cadillac , first introduced at the 2015 New York International Auto Show and first sold in the US for the 2016 model year . It is the first car under Cadillac 's president ( Johan De Nysschen ) leadership to adopt Cadillac 's revised naming strategy , as well as the first rear-wheel drive full-size Cadillac sedan since the Fleetwood was discontinued in 1996 . It is built on a different platform than the smaller CTS and is engineered as a rear-wheel drive vehicle with optional all-wheel drive . In addition to its primary markets of North America and China , the CT6 is also offered in Europe , Korea , Japan , Israel and the Middle East .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "61e008aaaba6800f4e2fb667c3e2009e", "text": "Nepal fi Nepal ( -LSB- Nepālhelp = no -RSB- -RCB- -RCB- -LSB- neˈpal -RSB- ) , officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal , is a landlocked central Himalayan country in South Asia . Nepal is divided into 7 provinces and 75 districts and 744 local units including 4 metropolises , 13 sub-metropolises , 246 municipal councils and 481 villages . It has a population of 26.4 million and is the 93rd largest country by area . Bordering China in the north and India in the south , east , and west , it is the largest sovereign Himalayan state . Nepal does not border Bangladesh , which is located within only 27 km ( 17 mi ) of its southeastern tip . Neither does it border Bhutan due to the Indian state of Sikkim being located in between . Nepal has a diverse geography , including fertile plains , subalpine forested hills , and eight of the world 's ten tallest mountains , including Mount Everest , the highest point on Earth . Kathmandu is the nation 's capital and largest city . It is a multiethnic nation with Nepali as the official language . The territory of Nepal has a recorded history since the Neolithic age . The name `` Nepal '' is first recorded in texts from the Vedic Age , the era which founded Hinduism , the predominant religion of the country . In the middle of the first millennium BCE , Gautama Buddha , the founder of Buddhism , was born in southern Nepal . Parts of northern Nepal were intertwined with the culture of Tibet . The Kathmandu Valley in central Nepal became known as Nepal proper because of its complex urban civilisation . It was the seat of the prosperous Newar confederacy known as Nepal Mandala . The Himalayan branch of the ancient Silk Road was dominated by the valley 's traders . The cosmopolitan region developed distinct traditional art and architecture . By the 18th century , the Gorkha Kingdom achieved the unification of Nepal . The Shah dynasty established the Kingdom of Nepal and later formed an alliance with the British Empire , under its Rana dynasty of premiers . The country was never colonised but served as a buffer state between Imperial China and Colonial India . In the 20th century , Nepal ended its isolation and forged strong ties with regional powers . Parliamentary democracy was introduced in 1951 , but was twice suspended by Nepalese monarchs in 1960 and 2005 . The Nepalese Civil War resulted in the proclamation of a republic in 2008 , ending the reign of the world 's last Hindu monarchy . Modern Nepal is a federal secular parliamentary republic . It has seven states . Nepal is a developing nation , ranking 144th on the Human Development Index ( HDI ) in 2016 . The country struggles with the transition from a monarchy to a republic . It also suffers from high levels of hunger and poverty . Despite these challenges , Nepal is making steady progress , with the government declaring its commitment to elevate the nation from least developed country status by 2022 . Nepal also has a vast potential to generate hydropower for export . Nepal 's foreign relations expanded after the Anglo-Nepal Treaty of 1923 , which was recognised by the League of Nations . After a Soviet veto in 1949 , Nepal was admitted to the United Nations in 1955 . Friendship treaties were signed with the Dominion of India in 1950 and the People 's Republic of China in 1960 . Nepal hosts the permanent secretariat of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation ( SAARC ) , of which it is a founding member . Nepal is also a member of the Non Aligned Movement and the Bay of Bengal Initiative . The military of Nepal is the fifth largest in South Asia and is notable for its Gurkha history , particularly during the world wars , and has been a significant contributor to United Nations peacekeeping operations .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "368dec230f91a8b7b0a74c52f06b050a", "text": "Nepa Kingdom Nepa ( also known as Nipa , Neepa ) was a mountainous kingdom mentioned in the ancient Sanskrit epic Mahabharata . Its modern equivalent is identified as Nepal , a country located in the mountainous terrain of the Himalayas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8157c934ab06ba3ac1cc6e81faaf6c5", "text": "Langtang National Park The Langtang National Park is the fourth national park in Nepal and was established in 1976 as the first Himalayan national park . The protected area exceeds an altitudinal range of 6450 m and covers an area of 1710 km2 in the Nuwakot , Rasuwa and Sindhulpalchok districts of the central Himalayan region encompassing 26 Village Development Committees . It is linked with the Qomolangma National Nature Preserve in Tibet . The high altitude sacred lake of Gosainkunda falls within the park . The Gosainkunda lake ( 4300 m ) and the Dorje Lakpa range ( 6988 m ) bisect the park from east -- west to south -- east . The summit of Langtang Lirung ( 7245 m ) is the highest point in the park . The northern and eastern border of the national park coincide with the international border to Tibet . The western boundary follows the rivers Bhote Kosi and Trisuli . The southern border lies 32 km north of the Kathmandu Valley . This protected area represents both Indo-Malayan and Palearctic ecozones .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "425ea6ea77fea93a998309755db5a4dd", "text": "Geology of Nepal The geology of Nepal is dominated by the Himalaya , the highest , youngest and a very highly active mountain range . Himalaya is a type locality for the study of on-going continent-continent collision tectonics . The Himalayan arc extends about 2400 km from Nanga Parbat ( 8,138 m ) by the Indus River in northern Pakistan eastward to Namche Barwa ( 7,756 m ) by the gorge of the Tsangpo-Brahmaputra in eastern Tibet . About 800 km of this extent is in Nepal ; the remainder includes Bhutan and parts of Pakistan , India , and China . Since 55 Ma the Himalayan orogeny beginning with the collision of Indian subcontinent and Eurasia at the Paleocene/Eocene epoch , has thickened the Indian crust to its present thickness of 70 km . The northwest tip of India after colliding with Asia seems to have met along the full length of the suture by about 40 Ma . Immediately prior to the onset of the Indo-Asian collision , the northern boundary of the Indian shield was likely a thinned continental margin on which Proterozoic clastic sediments and the Cambrian ± Eocene Tethyan shelf sequence were deposited .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc14fdd61ca1836374a934d972c8582b", "text": "Mahottari District Mahottari District ( -LSB- : ne : महोत्तरी जिल्ला , महोत्तरी जिल्ला -RSB- , ) , a part of Province No. 2 , is one of the seventy-five districts of Nepal . The district , with Jaleshwar as its district headquarters , covers an area of 1,002 km ² and had a population of 553,481 in 2001 and 627,580 in 2011 . Its headquarters is located in Jaleshwar , a neighbouring town of the historical city of Janakpur . The name Jaleshwar means the ` God in Water ' . One can find a famous temple of Lord Shiva in Water there . Jaleshwar lies at a few kilometres distance from the Nepal-India border and has a majority of Maithili people . In janakpur zone there are two districts ; mahottari and dhanusha and both are in a distance of 1 hour .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2145493e456e716c1a78407ecf5c9b7c", "text": "Gandaki River The Gandaki River ( also known as the Narayani in southern Nepal and the Gandak in India ) is one of the major rivers of Nepal and a left bank tributary of the Ganges in India . In Nepal the river is notable for its deep gorge through the Himalayas and its enormous hydroelectric potential . It has a total catchment area of 46300 km2 , most of it in Nepal . The basin also contains three of the world 's 14 mountains over 8000 m , Dhaulagiri , Manaslu and Annapurna I. Dhaulagiri is the highest point of the Gandaki basin . It lies between the similar Kosi system to the east and the Karnali ( Ghaghara ) system to the west .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "726cee1b515ac4b59ea638cecfe325c1", "text": "1505 Lo Mustang earthquake The 1505 Lo Mustang earthquake occurred on 6 June and had an estimated magnitude between 8.2 and 8.8 making it one of the largest earthquakes in Nepalese history . The earthquake killed an approximate 30 percent of the Nepalese population at the time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2cfca9ba3e1006ea434db29324f81887", "text": "List of universities and colleges in Nepal This is a list of universities and colleges / campus in Nepal . Prior to the establishment of the first college in the country , Tri-Chandra College in 1918 , higher education in Nepal was nonexistent . Until 1985 , Tribhuvan University had remained the one and the only university in Nepal . In the early 1980s , His Majesty 's Government developed the concept of a multi-university system for the country . One important assumption behind the concept was that each new university should have a distinctive nature , content and function of its own . The first new university that was established was Mahendra Sanskrit University . The inception of this university was soon followed by Kathmandu University in 1990 , Purbanchal and Pokhara Universities in 1995 and 1996 respectively . Many schools and colleges are run by private initiatives but none of the universities in Nepal are private .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2840b686a5cb491b76ef19a8b6e9696b", "text": "Madhesh Madhesh is a province and an autonomous state in the Terai belt of Nepal . The native Nepalese people who have cultural and demographic connections to Bihar and Uttar Pradesh across the borders in India are called Madhesi people . The indigenous inhabitants of the Terai are Tharu people who consider themselves to be Madhesi people . The eastern part of the Nepal Terai along with northern parts in Bihar is part of the cultural Mithila region .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0aceb883b44381cd48caca65701800e2", "text": "United Mission to Nepal The United Mission to Nepal ( UNM ) was established in 1954 as a co-operative missionary endeavour between the people of Nepal and a number of Christian groups working along the border in India . The mission has grown to include a large group of Christian organisations from 18 countries in four different continents , who seek to `` serve the people of Nepal , particularly those who live in poverty . . inspired by the love and teachings of Jesus Christ . '' Several remarkable coincidences led to the formation of the United Mission to Nepal . During the 1951 revolution fighting had taken place just over the border from Raxaul and wounded combatants from both sides were treated at Duncan Hospital . As a result of this service , Dr Trevor Strong and Ernest Oliver were invited to visit Kathmandu after the revolution . They walked for several days and whilst in Kathmandu had an interview with B.P. Koirala , the Home Minister in His Majesty 's Government of Nepal ( HMGN ) , to explore the possibility of mission work . They were told that medical and educational work would be welcome , but open preaching prohibited . ( Pritchard 1973:91 ) These discussions dovetailed with a separate approach by the authorities in Tansen , a large hill-town half way between Nautanwa and Pokhara , to American missionaries Bob and Bethel Fleming and Carl and Betty Friedericks ( representing Methodist and Presbyterian missions ) . Contact had been made as a result of ornithological trips into Nepal in October 1949 and the winter of 1951 -- 52 during which medical assistance had been given to the people of Tansen . Eventually a letter came from S.K. Dikshit in the Department of Foreign Affairs , permitting a hospital in Tansen and clinics in Kathmandu . ( Lindell 1979 : 140-142 ) Lindell rightly refers to the foundation of UMN as `` some of the finest missionary statesmanship that has been exercised in the modern missionary movement ... the mistakes seen in India and other countries resulting from competition and independent action by denominational and separate organisations should not be repeated in Nepal . '' ( 1979:143 ) Methodist Bishop J.W. Pickett circulated an invitation letter from HMGN to other missions associated with the NBF in conjunction with the National Christian Council ( NCC ) of India with a view to `` establishing a Christian mission in Nepal on the widest possible cooperative basis , a combined interdenominational and international approach . '' ( Lindell 1979:144 ) The NCC endorsed this and the United Christian Mission to Nepal was founded in Nagpur in March 1954 . There were eight founding missions . Bishop Pickett was the founding President of the Board and Ernest Oliver the first Executive Secretary . The Flemings had already commenced medical work in Kathmandu in January 1954 , and the Friedericks began medical work in Tansen in June 1954 , but the work quickly expanded and diversified into other areas , such as education and development of hydropower . The activities of the UMN have been clearly defined in five-yearly agreements , in the past with HMGN , and now with the Government of Nepal . There have always been clear prohibitions on proselytising , but the Christian nature of UMN and the personal faith of its workers is known and accepted . `` The Mission takes the terms seriously ... and has learned that its stay in Nepal rests on a mixture of invitation , permission and mutual agreement ; that it is temporary ... that it is in partnership with Nepali society . '' ( Lindell 1979:200 )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca386aed322cb37c55483f5227cd34e9", "text": "Bhutan News Service Bhutan News Service , abbreviated as BNS , is the first news agency of Bhutan . It is run as an independent news agency by Bhutanese refugee journalists since 2004 from Kathmandu , the capital city of Nepal . This is , probably , first of its kind considering a very few refugee media or journalism in exile . The agency is solely operated by refugees who are mostly born or brought up in refugee camps and without previous media experiences . When over 100,000 of Bhutanese refugees started taking shelter in UN-administered refugee camps of Jhapa and Morang districts in eastern part of Nepal , there was a need of a vocal media in the refugee community . Several attempts were made by persons of various backgrounds to keep the journalism works going . However , survival of those media was not easy due to lack of funding , and they died one after the other . The Bhutan News Service was founded in 2004 by a small group of Bhutanese refugee youths , who during the time believed that journalism was a noble means to keep community informed and continue advocating the refugee issue . Most of the exiled publications were shut down , in particular following crunch financial assistance and or due to lack of human resources to continue volunteering without anything in return . Therefore , the news service emerged in as an alternative means to replace most of those publications , if not all . Initially , the works were limited to simply blogging . From 2006 , BNS went online through its own news portal . ″ APFA initiated a joint effort for press freedom and called on two other media organizations working for press freedom in Bhutan and operating in exile . Thus a conference was held in eastern Nepal making a historic declaration vowing to expedite fight for press freedom . The first media conference adopted `` Declaration Dé Exile '' . The declaration also accepted the APFA proposal to accept Bhutan News Service as the common and first news agency of Bhutan , but operating from exile . ″ Currently , around two dozens of reporters and over half a dozen of editors from various countries contribute for the news service on voluntary basis . The news agency has not been legally registered since Nepalese laws do not entertain registration of any entity owned and run by foreign nationals in Nepalese soil . ″ Unfortunately , we are not a registered entity yet . While most of our members were based in the capital city of Nepal for years , we made several attempts to get it registered in Nepal , but to no avail . We are , however , in the course of getting it registered preferably in USA since most of our members are based there and a vast majority of the Bhutanese have gotten resettled in the same place . ″", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c02352e4ac81fb133437bc8e4d157a63", "text": "Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary Cathedral, Kathmandu The Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary Cathedral is the name given to a religious building located in the city of Kathmandu , capital of the Asian country of Nepal . It began as the Church of Our Lady of the Assumption which was dedicated by Cardinal Jozef Tomko , prefect of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples , on 15 August 1995 . The church is located on the outskirts of Lalitpur in Kathmandu . The parish of St. Mary of the Assumption has 2,290 Catholics . The pastor of the cathedral is the father Silas Bogati . On May 23 , 2009 , the day the Parliament elected the prime minister , a bomb attack damaged the Cathedral of the Assumption , the only place of Catholic worship allowed in the country . The explosion , caused by a bomb placed under a seat among the faithful , left three dead and 13 wounded . The temple follows the Roman or Latin rite and functions as the headquarters of the Apostolic Vicariate of Nepal ( Vicariatus Apostolicus Nepalianus ) which was raised to its current status by Pope Benedict XVI through the bull `` Ad aptius consulendum ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2bbe04ef150c44776a6802bbf3c798b3", "text": "Tamang people The Tamang ( Devnagari : तामाङ ; tāmāng ) , or Murmi , are the indigenous inhabitants of the Himalayan regions of Nepal and India , their ancestral land is called Tamsaling . They are the aborigines of Yambu , or Kathmandu Valley , who had self-rule and autonomous roughly 2 centuries before present , systematically displaced during the expansion period of Gorkha Kingdom and this continues to the present day , the Central Development Region , Nepal remains where 70 % of the population reside . The traditionally Buddhist Tamang are the largest Tibeto-Burman ethnic group within Nepal , constituting 5.6 % of the national population of over 1.3 million in 2001 , increasing to 1,539,830 as of 2011 census , yet contested . Tamang are also a significant minority in Sikkim and Darjeeling District of West Bengal of India as permanent settlers ; their languages are fifth most spoken in Nepal ( note all Tamang languages are not mutually intelligible ) . They were one of the aborigines who were least affected by Nepalisation . Peculiar to Tamang people are complex marriage restrictions within the community .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3adb7991c84b51334e48bb8a5c5263da", "text": "Rastriya Samachar Samiti The Rastriya Samachar Samiti ( RSS ; राष्ट्रिय समाचार समिती translation : National News Agency ) , having nationwide network , is the largest and longest serving news agency in Nepal . It was established in 2018 BS ( 1961 ) under the Rastriya Samachar Samiti Act , 2019 BS , merging two privately owned news agencies with a view to facilitating newspapers and broadcast media . With the development of news media in Nepal , subscribers of RSS have so far reached more than 100 newspapers , radios , online media , and televisions . A pool of permanent and stringer reporters scattering throughout the country contribute to the news service and photo file every day .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d491e56e926f0e1fec41262dbae0e177", "text": "Kalapani territory See Cellular Jail for the prison associated with the Indian freedom movement Kalapani ( Hindi/Nepali : कालापानी ) is a disputed territory between India and Nepal administered however as part of Pithoragarh district in the Uttarakhand state of India . The origin of Mahakali River ( Sharda River in India ) it is situated on the Kailash Manasarovar route , at an altitude of 3600 meters . It is said that the Great Sage Vyasa meditated at this place , giving the region its name - Vyas Valley , locally called '' `` Byans Valley '' '' . A pool by the temple of the Goddess Kali is considered to by some to be the source of the Kali River . A verdant valley covered with Pine , Bhojpatra and Juniper trees , it offers stunning views of some of the lesser known peaks like Om Parvat in the Central Himalayas . Lipulekh Pass leading into Tibet is 17 kilometers from Kalapani . Although claimed by Nepal as part of Darchula District , Kalapani is controlled by India 's Indo-Tibetan border security forces since the 1962 border war with China . Nepal claims that the river to the west of Kalapani is main Kali , hence it belongs to Nepal . But India claims that ridgeline to the east of Kalapani is the border , hence the Kalapani area belongs to India . The Kalapani area borders the Nepalese zone of Mahakali and the Indian state of Uttarakhand . The Sugauli Treaty signed by Nepal and British India in 1816 locates the Kali River as Nepal 's western boundary with India and makes no mention of ridgelines . Subsequent maps drawn by British surveyors show the source of the boundary river at different places . This discrepancy in locating the source of the river led to boundary disputes between India and Nepal , with each country producing maps supporting their own claims . The Kalapani River runs through an area that includes a disputed area of about 400 km ² around the source of the river although the exact size of the disputed area varies from source to source .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "019eec773d6bfc017fd93d1b943a692f", "text": "Transport in Nepal Nepal is a landlocked Himalayan country where transportation is difficult due to mountainous terrain . Nevertheless , there are some transport medium like road transportation and water transportation . Being a landlocked hilly country , road transportation is the only way to make easy travelling in Nepal . However , cable transport is an emerging transport mode in Nepal . Manakamana Cable Car and Chandragiri Cable Car are two cable transport providers in Nepal .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d74031c0c09c083e875ff0302f621dd", "text": "Bhojpur, Nepal Bhojpur Municipality is a town in Eastern Nepal . It was established on 18 May 2014 merging the existing Bhaisipankha , Bokhim , Bhojpur , Taksar Village Development Committees It is the district headquarters of Bhojpur district , a hilly/mountainous district in Kosi Zone . At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 5823 people living in 1199 households . Bhojpur bazaar is home to many Newar businessmen as well as skilled Newar craftsmen , and is famous for its metalwork , particularly khukuri knives . Other major towns in the district include Dingla to the north , Ghoretar to the south , and Taksar near the airstrip , from where flights connect to Biratnagar and Kathmandu . A road is currently under construction to link Bhojpur bazaar with Hile , Dhankuta , Dharan , and the rest of Nepal 's North-South Koshi Highway . Historically it is a part of Majh Kirat ( middle Kirat / Khambuwan ) , and used to be called `` east number 4 '' . Middle Kirat consists mainly of Bhojpur and Khotang districts , the traditional home of kirat Rai people , an indigenous ethnic group of Nepal . In addition to Rais , other ethnic groups include Magars , Gurungs , and Tamangs , as well as castes like Chhetris , Bahuns , and Dalits . Bhojpur was recently the site of a major incident involving Maoist rebels and the Nepali national security forces on March 3 , 2004 . An estimated 1,500 Maoists attacked the camps of the security forces at the district headquarters . This incident was the most serious one since the Maoists called off the cease-fire on August 24 , 2003 . 32 security personnel were killed ( both army and police ) , as well as 42 Maoists rebels , including some women . The telephone tower and the buildings of the District Administrative Office were completely destroyed , while those buildings housing the District Land Revenue Office , Rashtriya Banijya Bank and some private houses were partially destroyed . Tensions between Maoists and security forces emerged in February 2001 when the Bhojpur VDC headquarters were destroyed . The Khumbuwan Liberation Front ( KLF ) , destroyed the 250-kilowatt micro-hydropower project built by the Chinese on the Pikhuwa river on January 26 , 2002 . On April 18 , 2002 , a group of 50-60 rebels destroyed the airport tower by breaking through the gate of the tower , setting it ablaze by pouring kerosene , and destroying important devices by hurling a powerful bomb . Several minor skirmishes had also occurred in northern areas of the district , leading up to the deadly clash in March 2004 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2c2c09e1a97bf62361fbb2ff377ffae", "text": "Nepal Oil Corporation Nepal Oil Corporation Limited ( NOC ) is a state owned trading enterprise of Nepal that imports , stores and distributes various petroleum products in the country . It was established on 1970 by the Government of Nepal under the `` Company Act , 2021 ( 1964 ) '' . The government owns 98.36 % of its share and rest is contributed by four other state owned enterprises : Rastriya Beema Sansthan , National Trading Ltd. , Nepal Bank Ltd. and Rastriya Banijya Bank . In the very beginning , the trading activities of NOC were started by storing two products in two drums under the leadership of the late Mr. Subarna Bikram Thapa appointed by Government of Nepal . His persistent endeavor to develop NOC resulted in more than 30,000 kilolitres ( kL ) of storage facilities for petroleum products in different development regions of Nepal . Nepal , being one of the land locked countries of south Asia , has to depend on India for the supply and distribution of various petroleum products as the eastern , southern and western part of the country is attached with India . The prospect of crude oil exploration in Nepal has not yet been proven a feasible one , so the entire national demand is met by import alone . From the very beginning of NOC 's trading activities , a special and long-term supply arrangement has existed with Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. ( IOC ) , a leading national oil company of India , having more than 55 % of the market share . NOC , headquartered in Kathmandu , has over the years expanded and now has five regional offices , branch offices , fuel depots , and aviation fuel depots , with total existing storage capacity of 71,558 kilolitres ( kL ) and employing 508 permanent and other contract work force . The highest policy making and controlling body of NOC is its Board of Directors . The Board is represented by all the shareholders . Currently the Chief Executive Officer ( CEO ) of NOC is the Managing Director who has the overall responsibility for day-to-day operations besides the Member-Secretary of NOC Board . Basically , the operations of NOC are coordinated under two broad categories of Marketing and Finance cum administration , each headed by Deputy Managing Director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b1b4d908896a2396229b78373125dac", "text": "Gardi, Nepal Gardi was a village development committee in Chitwan District in the Narayani Zone of mid-southern Nepal before merging into Madi Municipality . At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 9544 people living in 1620 individual households . Sitalpur is the largest village inside Gardi . Someswor Higher Secondary School is the highest ranked education institution in Gardi with several lower secondary and primary schools . Baruwa is the largest market place , second largest in Madi after Basantapur bazar . Riu , Chitai , Bhutyaha , Dangre , Marath rivers are some of the famous rivers ( Khola खोला in Nepali ) of Gardi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aad7edc6c6e285e52037f6c056b84033", "text": "List of companies of Guatemala Guatemala is a country in Central America bordered by Mexico to the north and west , the Pacific Ocean to the southwest , Belize to the northeast , the Caribbean to the east , Honduras to the east and El Salvador to the southeast . With an estimated population of around 15.8 million , it is the most populated state in Central America . A representative democracy , Guatemala 's capital and largest city is Nueva Guatemala de la Asunción , also known as Guatemala City . Gross Domestic Product ( GDP ) in purchasing power parity ( PPP ) in 2010 was estimated at $ 70.15 billion USD . The service sector is the largest component of GDP at 63 % , followed by the industry sector at 23.8 % and the agriculture sector at 13.2 % ( 2010 est. ) . Mines produce gold , silver , zinc , cobalt and nickel . The agricultural sector accounts for about two-fifths of exports , and half of the labor force . Organic coffee , sugar , textiles , fresh vegetables , and bananas are the country 's main exports . Inflation was 3.9 % in 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bcc3ddb3468cbfdd94c9e8cd861b0da4", "text": "Stateless nation Stateless nation is a political term for ethnic/national minority that does not possess its own state and is not the majority population in any nation state . The term implies that the group `` should have '' such a state . Members of stateless ethnic groups may be citizens/nationals of the country in which they live , or they may be denied citizenship by that country . Stateless nations are usually not represented as a nation in international sports such as FIFA , Olympics or in international communities such as the United Nations . Nations without state are classified as fourth world nations . Some of the stateless nations have a great heritage and a long tradition of statehood in the past and some were always a stateless nation , which was dominated by another nation for a large part of its history . Stateless nations either are dispersed across a number of states ( for example , the Yoruba people are found in the African states of Nigeria , Benin and Togo ) or form the native population of a province within a larger state ( such as the Uyghur people in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region within the People 's Republic of China ) . Some stateless nations historically had a state , which was absorbed by another ; for example , Tibet 's declaration of independence in 1913 was not recognized , and it was invaded in 1951 by the People 's Republic of China which claims that Tibet is an integral part of China , while the Tibetan government-in-exile maintains that Tibet is an independent state under unlawful occupation . Some ethnic groups were once a stateless nation that later became a nation state ( for example , the nations of the Balkans such as the Croats , Serbs , Bosniaks , Slovenes , Montenegrins , Kosovars and Macedonians were once part of a multinational state of Yugoslavia . Since the breakup of Yugoslavia many nation states were formed ) . Stateless nations can have large population . For example , The Tamils are a stateless nation in South Asia with a population of more than 70 million . They form one of the largest ethnic groups in South India . Governments may respond differently on stateless nations in their states . For example , the suppression of the Tamil people in Sri Lanka led to one of the longest and most violent separatist conflict between 1983 and 2009 . However , a similar ethnic conflict was absent among Tamils in India during this period , because they were peacefully integrated into the federal structure of India . Multiple stateless nations can reside in the same region . For example , Catalans , Basques , Aragonese , Galicians , Asturians , Valencians , Andalusians in Iberian Peninsula or the Brahui , Santhals and Balochs in South Asia . The Romani people are another stateless people . They may be a special case being distributed among numerous countries with no clear homeland ; as a traditionally `` nomadic '' people , the Romani/Roma are a classical `` stateless nation '' without aspiration to sovereign territory . As not all states are nation states , there are a number of ethnic groups who live in a multinational state without being considered `` stateless nations '' .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "465ca1de3d2acb677ba6d5647747c41f", "text": "Minneapolis Minneapolis ( -LSB- mɪniˈæpəlɪs -RSB- ) is the county seat of Hennepin County , and the larger of the Twin Cities , the 16th-largest metropolitan area in the United States . As of 2015 , Minneapolis is the largest city in the state of Minnesota and 46th-largest in the United States with a population of 410,939 . Minneapolis and Saint Paul anchor the second-largest economic center in the Midwest , after Chicago . Minneapolis lies on both banks of the Mississippi River , just north of the river 's confluence with the Minnesota River , and adjoins Saint Paul , the state 's capital . The city is abundantly rich in water , with thirteen lakes , wetlands , the Mississippi River , creeks and waterfalls , many connected by parkways in the Chain of Lakes and the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway . It was once the world 's flour milling capital and a hub for timber . The city and surrounding region is the primary business center between Chicago and Seattle , with Minneapolis proper containing America 's fifth-highest concentration of Fortune 500 companies . As an integral link to the global economy , Minneapolis is categorized as a global city . Noted for its strong music and performing arts scenes , Minneapolis is home to both the award-winning Guthrie Theater and the historic First Avenue nightclub . Reflecting the region 's status as an epicenter of folk , funk , and alternative rock music , the city served as the launching pad for several of the 20th century 's most influential musicians , including Bob Dylan and Prince . The name Minneapolis is attributed to Charles Hoag , the city 's first schoolteacher , who combined mni , a Dakota Sioux word for water , and polis , the Greek word for city .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "225bdff6c5a7db27476effa6466a05b4", "text": "North River (Hudson River) North River is an alternate name for the southernmost portion of the Hudson River in the vicinity of New York City and northeastern New Jersey in the United States . The colonial name for the entire Hudson was given to it by the Dutch in the early seventeenth century , the term fell out of general use for most of the river 's 300 + mile course during the early 1900s . However it still retains currency as an alternate or additional name among local mariners and others as well as appearing on some nautical charts and maps . The term is used for infrastructure on and under the river , such as the North River piers , North River Tunnels , and the North River Wastewater Treatment Plant . At different times `` North River '' has referred to the entire Hudson ; the approximate 160-mile portion of the Hudson below its confluence with the Mohawk River , which is under tidal influence ; the portion of it running between Manhattan and New Jersey ; and just the short length flowing between Lower Manhattan and Hudson County , New Jersey . Its history is strongly connected to New York Harbor 's shipping industry , which shifted primarily to Port Newark in the mid-20th century due to the construction of the Holland Tunnel and other river crossings and the advent of containerization . The names for the lower portion of the river appear to have remained interchangeable for centuries . In 1909 , construction of two tunnel projects was under way : one was called the North River Tunnels , the other , the Hudson Tubes . That year the Hudson-Fulton Celebration was held , commemorating Henry Hudson , the first European to record navigating the river , and Robert Fulton , the first man to use a paddle steamer in America , after their invention by the Marquis de Jouffroy d'Abbans in 1774 , named the North River Steamboat , to sail up it , leading to controversy over what the waterway should be called .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0765507962856b7b3368eb23dd84963e", "text": "North Cormorant River The North Cormorant River is a 39.1 mi tributary of the Blackduck River of Minnesota in the United States . It joins the Blackduck River shortly upstream of that river 's mouth at Red Lake , the largest natural lake entirely within Minnesota .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fdc42be65eb2d43bfe8fef54d596a66a", "text": "Roads and freeways in metropolitan Detroit The roads and freeways in metropolitan Detroit comprise the main thoroughfares in the region . The freeways consist of an advanced network of interconnecting freeways which include Interstate highways . The Metro Detroit region 's extensive toll-free freeway system , together with its status as a major port city , provide advantages to its location as a global business center . There are no toll roads in Michigan . Detroiters may refer to freeways by the formal name more often where one has been designated rather than route number . Other freeways without formal names are known by the number such as I‑275 and M‑59 . M‑53 , while not officially designated may be locally referred to by its name `` Van Dyke '' . Detroit area freeways are typically sunken below ground level to permit local traffic to pass over the freeway and for appearance . Following a historic fire in 1805 , Judge Augustus B. Woodward devised a plan similar to Pierre Charles L'Enfant 's design for Washington , D.C. . Detroit 's monumental avenues and traffic circles fan out in a baroque styled radial fashion from Grand Circus Park in the heart of the city 's theater district , which facilitates traffic patterns along the city 's tree-lined boulevards and parks . The ` Woodward plan ' proposed a system of hexagonal street blocks , with the Grand Circus at its center . Wide avenues , alternatively 200 ft and 120 ft , would emanate from large circular plazas like spokes from the hub of a wheel . As the city grew these would spread in all directions from the banks of the Detroit River . When Woodward presented his proposal , Detroit had fewer than 1,000 residents . Elements of the plan were implemented . Most prominent of these are the five main `` spokes '' of Woodward , Michigan , Gratiot , Grand River and Jefferson Avenues . The Mile Road System in Metro Detroit and Southeast Michigan facilitates ease of navigation in the region . It was established as a way to delineate east -- west roads through the Detroit area and the surrounding rural rim . The Mile Road system , and its most famous road , 8 Mile Road , came about largely as a result of the Land Ordinance of 1785 , which established the basis for the Public Land Survey System in which land throughout the Northwest Territory was surveyed and divided into survey townships by reference to a baseline ( east -- west line ) and meridian ( north -- south line ) . In Southeast Michigan , many roads would be developed parallel to the base line and the meridian , and many of the east -- west roads would be incorporated into the Mile Road System . The Mile Road System extended easterly into Detroit , but is interrupted , because much of Detroit 's early settlements and farms were based on early French land grants that were aligned northwest-to-southeast with frontage along the Detroit River and on later development along roads running into downtown Detroit in a star pattern , such as Woodward , Jefferson , Grand River , Gratiot , and Michigan Avenues , developed by Augustus Woodward in imitation of Washington , D.C. 's system . As Detroit grew , several Mile Roads were given new names within the city borders , while some roads incorporated as part of the Mile Road System have traditionally been known by their non-mile names . It is unclear if they ever bore mile numbers formally . The baseline used in the survey of Michigan lands runs along 8 Mile Road , which is approximately eight miles directly north of the junction of Woodward Avenue and Michigan Avenue in downtown Detroit . As a result , the direct east -- west portion of Michigan Avenue , and M‑153 ( Ford Road ) west of Wyoming Avenue , forms the `` zero mile '' baseline for this mile road system . The precise point of origin is located in Campus Martius Park , marked by a medallion embedded in the stone walkway . It is situated in the western point of the diamond surrounding Woodward Fountain , just in front of the Fountain Bistro .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c5bf596f4d4503bd325eb69fb38b527", "text": "Midtown, Minneapolis Midtown is a loosely defined region in south Minneapolis , Minnesota . There are no hard-set boundaries to the midtown area , but it is generally agreed to include the area in the vicinity of Lake Street between Interstate 35W and Hiawatha Avenue . Lake Street is the border between the Phillips and Powderhorn communities of Minneapolis . Lake Street/Midtown LRT Station , with service on the METRO Blue Line , is located on the eastern edge of the area . The midtown area was historically known as being somewhat of a run-down area . However , in the past decade or two , there has been a large revitalization effort along Lake Street , driven largely by an insurgence of new Latino and Northeast African businesses . Near the intersection of Chicago Avenue and Lake Street is the Midtown Exchange building , which was a Sears department store and mail-order catalog facility until the company closed it in 1994 . After sitting vacant for a decade , the building was fully redeveloped . It features office space , residential units , and the Midtown Global Market , a large marketplace featuring an ethnically diverse variety of restaurants , grocers , and retailers . Other indoor markets that have opened in the midtown area include the Mercado Central ( at Bloomington Ave and Lake St ) , which houses numerous Latino businesses , and the Lake Plaza ( at 3rd Ave and Lake St ) , which houses Somali and Latino businesses . As of January 2009 , a new market has opened in the former True Value Hardware site at the Hi-Lake Shopping Center ( 21st Ave and Lake St ) , housing Somali businesses . At 22nd Ave and Lake Street ( in the parking lot of Anishinabe Academy School ) the Midtown Farmers ' Market operates on Tuesdays and Saturdays from late spring to early autumn . Many places and groups use the `` midtown '' descriptor in their names . Examples include : The Midtown Greenway , a major bicycling and walking trail paralleling Lake Street The Midtown Exchange and the Midtown Global Market The Midtown Freewheel Bike Center , a bike shop on the Midtown Greenway The Midtown YWCA ( Lake Street and 22nd Ave ) The Lake Street/Midtown light rail station on the METRO Blue Line The Sheraton Minneapolis Midtown Hotel The Midtown Church Project , a church plant utilizing principles of self-organization and community development", "title": "" }, { "docid": "361a27e7549537ac1c90f80530d56c21", "text": "History of Minneapolis Minneapolis is the largest city by population in the U.S. state of Minnesota , and the county seat of Hennepin County . The origin and growth of the city was spurred by the proximity of Fort Snelling , the first major United States military presence in the area , and by its location on Saint Anthony Falls , which provided power for sawmills and flour mills . Fort Snelling was established in 1819 , at the confluence of the Mississippi and Minnesota Rivers , and soldiers began using the falls for waterpower . When land became available for settlement , two towns were founded on either side of the falls : Saint Anthony , on the east side , and Minneapolis , on the west side . The two towns later merged into one city in 1872 . Early development focused on sawmills , but flour mills eventually became the dominant industry . This industrial development fueled the development of railroads and banks , as well as the foundation of the Minneapolis Grain Exchange . Through innovations in milling techniques , Minneapolis became a world-leading center of flour production , earning the name `` Mill City '' . As the city grew , the culture developed through its churches , arts institutions , the University of Minnesota , and a famous park system designed by Theodore Wirth . Although the sawmills and the flour mills are long gone , Minneapolis remains a regional center in banking and industry . The two largest milling companies , General Mills and the Pillsbury Company , now merged under the General Mills name , still remain prominent in the Twin Cities area . The city has rediscovered the riverfront , which now hosts parkland , the Mill City Museum , and the Guthrie Theater .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "429c72b2e8e25e8bc60aaaa0b2d331d3", "text": "Arts Midwest Arts Midwest , headquartered in Minneapolis , Minnesota , is one of six not-for-profit regional arts organizations created to `` encourage development of the arts and to support arts programs on a regional basis . '' Arts Midwest 's mission is to `` promote creativity , nurture cultural leadership , and engage people in meaningful arts experiences , bringing vitality to Midwest communities and enriching people 's lives . '' Arts Midwest is primarily funded by the National Endowment for the Arts ( NEA ) , and is charged with supporting artists and arts organizations , and providing assistance to its nine member states of Illinois , Indiana , Iowa , Michigan , Minnesota , North Dakota , Ohio , South Dakota , and Wisconsin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d41ac74b05704692f4371278f62a64c0", "text": "U.S. Route 63 in Minnesota U.S. Route 63 ( US 63 ) is a highway in southeastern Minnesota that runs from the Minnesota-Iowa border south of Spring Valley to the Mississippi River at Red Wing . It connects the cities of Spring Valley , Stewartville , Rochester , and Lake City . The route in Minnesota is 96 mi in length .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f78e56a3aba8398092218ab6eb183e6", "text": "Grand Rapids, Minnesota Grand Rapids is a city in Itasca County , Minnesota , United States . The population was 10,869 at the 2010 census . It is the county seat of Itasca County . The city of Grand Rapids is named for the 3.5 mi long local rapids in the Mississippi River , which was the uppermost limit of practical steamboat travel during the late 19th century . Today , those rapids are hidden underneath the dam of the Blandin Paper Mill .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85d2b3b05df919f5c506940bf8a7f6dc", "text": "Illinois Illinois ( -LSB- ɪlᵻˈnɔɪ -RSB- ) is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States , achieving statehood in 1818 . It is the 6th-most populous state and 25th-largest state in terms of land area , and is noted as a microcosm of the entire country . The word `` Illinois '' comes from a French rendering of a native Algonquin word . With Chicago in the northeast , small industrial cities and great agricultural productivity in central and northern Illinois , and natural resources like coal , timber , and petroleum in the south , Illinois has a diverse economic base and is a major transportation hub . The Port of Chicago connects the state to other global ports from the Great Lakes , via the Saint Lawrence Seaway , to the Atlantic Ocean , as well as the Great Lakes to the Mississippi River , via the Illinois Waterway . For decades , O'Hare International Airport has been ranked as one of the world 's busiest airports . Illinois has long had a reputation as a bellwether both in social and cultural terms and politics . Although today the state 's largest population center is around Chicago in the northern part of the state , the state 's European population grew first in the west , with French Canadian colonists who settled along the Mississippi River in the 17th and 18th century , and gave the area the name , `` Pays des Illinois '' or Illinois Country a region that was known as part of New France . After the American Revolutionary War established the United States , American settlers began arriving crossing the Appalachians barrier range in the 1810s via the gaps of the Allegheny to boat building centers in Pittsburgh , from Cumberland , Maryland via the Cumberland Narrows pass to outfit in Brownsville , Pennsylvania , from North Carolina and Virginia via the Cumberland Gap to Kentucky and Tennessee , all on the Ohio River . With the War of 1812 , the growth of Illinois slowed as both Native Americans and Canadian forces often raided the American Frontier . After the war 's end , the federal government re-established forts such as Fort Dearborn ( in 1816 -- now the site is within Chicago ) and army patrols west of the Mississippi diminished the threat from Amerindian raids , so settlers were able to move into all of Illinois from the eastern and southern emigrant trails . Mineral finds and timber stands also had spurred immigration -- by the 1810s , the Eastern U.S. had exhausted most timber stands close to the established cities creating a hard felt first energy crisis by the late-1790s , and after 1818 , the industrial revolution was being fueled by new canals such as the Lehigh Canal feeding the furnaces of the rapidly industrializing east coast . Also in 1818 , Illinois achieved statehood and its growth , as yet untroubled by the speed of as yet unrefined railway technology , would be fueled by the new religion of industrialized forward thinking . After construction of the Erie Canal with increasing traffic and trade through the Great Lakes , Chicago was founded in the 1830s on the banks of the Chicago River , at one of the few natural harbors on southern Lake Michigan . John Deere 's invention of the self-scouring steel plow turned Illinois ' rich prairie into some of the world 's most productive and valuable farmlands , attracting new immigrant farmers from Germany and Sweden . Railroads arose and matured in the 1840s , and soon carried immigrants to new homes in Illinois , as well as being a resource to ship their commodity crops out to markets . Railroads freed most of the land of Illinois and other mid-western states from the tyranny of water transport ; no longer was a location near a river or canal a need to ship bulk goods . By 1900 , the growth of industrial jobs in the northern cities and coal mining in the central and southern areas attracted a new group of immigrants , from Eastern and Southern Europe . Illinois was an important manufacturing center during both world wars . The Great Migration from the South established a large community of African Americans in Chicago , who created the city 's famous jazz and blues cultures . Three U.S. presidents have been elected while living in Illinois : Abraham Lincoln , Ulysses S. Grant , and most recently Barack Obama . Additionally , Ronald Reagan , whose political career was based in California , was the only U.S. president born and raised in Illinois . Today , Illinois honors Lincoln with its official state nickname `` The Land of Lincoln , '' which has been displayed on its license plates since 1954 . The Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum is located in the state capital of Springfield , and the Barack Obama Presidential Center will be completed in Chicago by 2020 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42aec777d6bfdc9975e893c85719ebd1", "text": "Minneapolis Central Library Minneapolis Central Library , located at 300 Nicollet Mall in downtown Minneapolis , Minnesota , United States , is the largest library of the Hennepin County Library public library system . It bills itself as having `` the third largest per capita public library collection of any major city in America with a collection of more than 2.4 million items -- including books , DVDs , music , government documents . '' The 353,000 square foot building with two levels of underground parking was designed by César Pelli and opened on May 20 , 2006 . It has over 300 free Internet computers for use by the public , an 8,140 square-foot atrium , an 18,560 square-foot `` green '' roof planted with low-growing ground cover designed to `` be sun - and drought-resistant '' , and a host of energy-efficiency measures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6bcf0b822b6720f21c5e009204cf191d", "text": "Mendota, Minnesota Mendota is a city in Dakota County , Minnesota , United States . The name is derived from the Dakota language , meaning `` mouth or junction of one river with another . The population was 198 at the 2010 census .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dfe9166fe09053b030780393f8ceec36", "text": "Elk River (Minnesota) The Elk River is an 84.0 mi river in east-central Minnesota in the United States . It is a tributary of the Mississippi River , draining a watershed of 630 sqmi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88d639c97f7bca2ef5cd820b719cae98", "text": "Little Cannon River (Cannon River) The Little Cannon River is a 30.6 mi river of Minnesota in the United States . It flows into the Cannon River at the city of Cannon Falls .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "632d9524718e1fecb670a4fc640a60b3", "text": "Redeye River The Redeye River is a tributary of the Leaf River , 73 miles ( 117 km ) long , in central Minnesota in the United States . Via the Leaf and Crow Wing Rivers , it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River , draining an area of 222 square miles ( 575 km ² ) in a rural region . The river 's name comes from the Native Americans of the area , who saw many red-eye fish in the river .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2be51277167a08886245769c79abff6a", "text": "Cannon River (Minnesota) The Cannon River flows 112 mi from Lake Tetonka near Waterville , Minnesota to Red Wing in the U.S. state of Minnesota , where it joins the Mississippi River . It drains a watershed approximately 1460 square miles ( 3,780 km ² ) in size . The Cannon River has few rapids , but some can be difficult ( Class II ) . Some have claimed lives , as has the confluence with the Little Cannon River in Cannon Falls . Canoes traversing the river must portage several dams ; the low header dams are more dangerous than they appear to novices . Downed trees and logjams are extreme hazards in high water , as are low bridges . The river varies in width from 50 to 200 feet ( 15 to 60 m ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "80a7208382543ad2d6f76ac76a592b05", "text": "Brainerd, Minnesota Brainerd is a city in Crow Wing County , Minnesota , United States . Its population was 13,592 as of the 2010 census . It is the county seat of Crow Wing County , and is one of the largest cities in Central Minnesota . Brainerd straddles the Mississippi River several miles upstream from its confluence with the Crow Wing River , having been founded as a site for a railroad crossing above said confluence . Brainerd is the principal city of the Brainerd Micropolitan Area , a micropolitan area covering Cass and Crow Wing counties and with a combined population of 91,067 as of the 2010 census . The Brainerd area serves as a major tourist destination for Minnesota , and Baxter is a regional retail center . Brainerd is the home to one of five medevac helicopter flight stations in the state for `` AirCare , '' operated by North Memorial Medical Center in Robbinsdale , a Level 1 Trauma Center . This station covers the central part of Minnesota . The city is also known for the Brainerd International Raceway , which hosts races frequently throughout the year and has a national drag racing meet annually in August .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9c46bec8cfce99684540f4570b3c8c1", "text": "Little Two River The Little Two River is a 15.9 mi tributary of the Mississippi River in Morrison County , Minnesota , United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37ed76f07810a353cb9b73044f633f94", "text": "Stone Arch Bridge (Minneapolis) The Stone Arch Bridge is a former railroad bridge crossing the Mississippi River at Saint Anthony Falls in downtown Minneapolis , Minnesota . It is the only arched bridge made of stone on the entire length of Mississippi River , and also the second oldest next to Eads Bridge . The bridge was built to connect the railway system to the new Union Depot , which at that time was planned to be built between Hennepin Avenue and Nicollet Avenue . The bridge was completed on 1883 , costing an amazing sum of $ 650,000 during the time ( $ today ) . 117 Portland Avenue is the general address of the historic complex . For a time , the bridge was dubbed `` Hill 's Folly '' until the value of Hill 's new bridge as a passenger rail link became evident . Positioned between the 3rd Avenue Bridge and the I-35W Saint Anthony Falls Bridge , the Stone Arch Bridge was built in 1883 by railroad tycoon James J. Hill for his Great Northern Railway , and accessed the former passenger station located about a mile to the west , on the west bank of the river . The structure is now used as a pedestrian and bicycle bridge . It is an Historic Civil Engineering Landmark , and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1971 as a part of the Saint Anthony Falls Historic District , ( District # 71000438 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0ee8a2815bc7ef289a39d78ce1c57858", "text": "Rainy River (Minnesota–Ontario) The Rainy River ( French : Rivière à la Pluie ; Ojibwe : Gojiji-ziibi ) is a river , approximately 137 km long , which forms part of the Canada -- United States border separating northern Minnesota and Northwestern Ontario . The river issues from the west side of Rainy Lake ( French : lac à la Pluie ; Ojibwe : Gojiji-zaaga ` igan ) and flows generally west-northwest , between International Falls , Minnesota , and Fort Frances , Ontario , and between Baudette , Minnesota , and Rainy River , Ontario . It enters the southern end of Lake of the Woods approximately 19 km northwest of Baudette and Rainy River . It is used for hydroelectricity at International Falls . The river shares its name with the town of Rainy River , Ontario , and Rainy Lake . In addition , it shares its Ojibwe name with the Couchiching First Nation and Koochiching County , Minnesota . The drainage basin of the river stretches east to the height of land about 100 km west of Lake Superior , where it was the southeast corner of the huge tract of land granted to the Hudson 's Bay Company in 1670 . It ultimately drains through the Winnipeg River , Lake Winnipeg and the Nelson River into Hudson Bay . The Baudette-Rainy River International Bridge and the Fort Frances-International Falls International Bridge both cross the Rainy River . The Ontario and Rainy River Railway , opened in 1901 and now part of Canadian National , follows the river on the Canadian side . The river was the site of the short story `` On the Rainy River '' in Tim O'Brien 's novel The Things They Carried .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ce66a936c59286e86b70b2f878c30c7", "text": "Loon River The Loon River is a river that forms part of the Canada -- United States border between Minnesota and Ontario .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "198ba91144b8f4a6bc52526304c63ed8", "text": "Richard Branson Sir Richard Charles Nicholas Branson ( born 18 July 1950 ) is an English business magnate , investor and philanthropist . He founded the Virgin Group , which controls more than 400 companies . Branson expressed his desire to become an entrepreneur at a young age . At the age of sixteen his first business venture was a magazine called Student . In 1970 , he set up a mail-order record business . In 1972 , he opened a chain of record stores , Virgin Records , later known as Virgin Megastores . Branson 's Virgin brand grew rapidly during the 1980s , as he set up Virgin Atlantic airline and expanded the Virgin Records music label . In March 2000 , Branson was knighted at Buckingham Palace for `` services to entrepreneurship '' . For his work in retail , music and transport ( with interests in land , air , sea and space travel ) , his taste for adventure , and for his humanitarian work , he became one of the most prominent figures in British culture . In 2002 he was named in the BBC 's poll of the 100 Greatest Britons . In January 2016 , Forbes listed Branson 's estimated net worth at $ 5.2 billion .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "01ae82a248a456198b672a2cc7e65876", "text": "Virgin Films Virgin Films was a film production company of the early 1980s best known for making 1984 ( 1984 ) . It was part of the Virgin Group and was headed by Al Clark . Nik Powell worked for the company before going over to Palace Films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3fe88b868a4bcfd63cebdd2b23ee50d0", "text": "Marks & Spencer Marks and Spencer plc ( also known as M&S ) is a major British multinational retailer headquartered in the City of Westminster , London . It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index . It specialises in the selling of clothing , home products and luxury food products . M&S was founded in 1884 by Michael Marks and Thomas Spencer in Leeds . The company also began to sell branded goods like Kellogg 's Corn Flakes in November 2008 . M&S currently has 959 stores across the U.K including 615 that only sell food products . In 1998 , the company became the first British retailer to make a pre-tax profit of over # 1 billion , although subsequently it went into a sudden slump , which took the company , its shareholders , who included hundreds of thousands of small investors , and nearly all retail analysts and business journalists , by surprise . In November 2009 , it was announced that Marc Bolland , formerly of Morrisons , would take over as chief executive from executive chairman Stuart Rose in early 2010 ; Rose remained in the role of non-executive chairman until he was replaced by Robert Swannell in January 2011 . M&S have 852 stores throughout the UK , as well as many international stores ; 52 stores in India , 48 stores in Turkey , 37 in Russia , 27 in Greece , 17 in Ireland , 14 in France , 11 in Poland , 6 in Hungary and Finland and 5 in Spain . In recent years its clothing sales have fallen whilst food sales have increased after the axing of `` St. Michael 's '' naming for their own brand .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dff716cd6b961bbe75bb79681d259bec", "text": "City Life (magazine) City Life was a Manchester-based news , arts and listings magazine that was published between December 1983 and December 2005 . It was a distinctive blend of radical politics and coverage of the increasingly exciting Manchester youth culture scene of the early 1980s , coinciding with the rise of Factory Records and The Haçienda . The magazine was started by a small group of former Manchester University students , Ed Glinert , Chris Paul and Andy Spinoza , on a shoestring budget in a run-down building in Portland Street in the city centre . Glinert ran spiky and revelatory news stories about city politics and the great and good . Spinoza edited the arts and features and contributed a wide range of interviews and criticism . Paul was production editor and edited the sports section . When launched in 1983 , the magazine was in a strong tradition of ` alternative ' Manchester publications which included ( in reverse chronology ) , City Fun , Manchester Flash , New Manchester Review and Mole Express , all of whose approach was to publish political and cultural content not reflected in the mainstream media of the city . Despite City Life 's shoestring beginnings , it developed rapidly in professionalism and grew in prominence and influence in Manchester and beyond . Its life can be divided into two distinct periods , the first being the period 1983-89 when it was run as a workers ' co-operative which grew from the initial founding trio to 16 staff at its peak . There is a consensus that this ` independent ' period was when the title had a rawer and radical edge than under its later ownership . Its political stories caused consternation and complaints - there were numerous spats with councils , quangos and occasionally blank spaces where legal injunctions had caused stories to be pulled just prior to printing . Similarly , its arts writing can be seen as a vibrant record of a ground-level cultural renaissance taking place with the opening of new facilities as the Hacienda ( 1982 ) , the Green Room performance venue ( 1984 ) and the Cornerhouse visual arts centre ( 1985 ) ; this upsurge was typified by the imaginative re-using of old and vacant city centre buildings for arts and leisure , and can be seen as a key building block of what was later hailed as the physical regeneration of Manchester city centre through widespread commercial investment and property development . In 1989 , it was bought by the Guardian Media Group ( GMG ) , publishers of The Guardian and The Manchester Evening News . GMG changed the style of the magazine , focusing more on listings and interviews , and branching out into publishing guide books and sponsoring events such as the City Life Food and Drink Festival and the City Life Comedian of the Year competition . City Life formed a loose association in 1984/5 with some other regional listings magazines including Due South Magazine ( Southampton ) , Venue ( Bristol ) , Coaster ( Bournemouth ) , and The List ( Glasgow and Edinburgh ) . Of these only Venue and The List survive , having been continually published since 1982 and 1985 respectively . In November 2005 it was announced that City Life was to close a solus publication , with the edition published on 7 December being the final one . City Life now lives on as a 20-page supplement every Friday within the Manchester Evening News and continues to be the most read Whats On guide on the North of England ( 333k readers . Source : JICREG April 2014 ) . Its website http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/whats-on/ regularly generates over a million page views every month from more than 250k unique users ( Source : Omniture September 2014 ) CityLife 's sister title ` CityLife Extra ' is a Free solus publication delivered every Thursday to 16k City Centre apartments and a further 6k copies handed out with the Manchester Evening News . Over half of its 64 pages are devoted to `` Urban Life '' , advertising property for sale in the city .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "301cb3947d13ca9447bdd8ca08d2c00e", "text": "Infinity Records Infinity Records was a short-lived subsidiary of MCA Records established in New York City in 1978 . The label was conceived by MCA president Sidney Sheinberg as a way for the Los Angeles-based entertainment conglomerate to improve its presence on the East Coast . Ron Alexenberg , who had previously been the head of the Epic Records division of CBS Records ( now part of Sony Music Entertainment ) was hired as CEO . The biggest hit the Infinity label had was `` Escape '' by Rupert Holmes , which was number 1 at the end of 1979 . Other acts that had chart entries on Infinity included Dobie Gray , Hot Chocolate , New England , Orleans and Spyro Gyra . Under the distribution of MCA , the Infinity Records label released titles in the US , Canada , the UK , Japan and parts of Europe . Infinity spent lavishly but failed to earn a profit . In addition to developing new talent , Infinity also paid substantial sums to acquire established artists . Most of the established artists were unable to duplicate their previous success . In October 1979 , Infinity released Pope John Paul II Sings at the Festival of Sacrosong , an album of speeches and songs sung by Pope John Paul II in his native Polish . Due to the tremendous popularity of the new Pope , Infinity thought the record would be a major hit . The company paid a substantial fee ( which went to charity ) to the Catholic Church to obtain exclusive rights to the recording . The album briefly peaked at # 126 on the Billboard 200 albums chart , however , it received poor reviews and was quickly seen as a colossal failure . Most of the one million advance copies of the John Paul II album were returned unsold to the label , producing a huge financial loss . MCA pulled the plug on Infinity Records in November 1979 , and the Infinity catalog was immediately absorbed by the parent company . Rupert Holmes and Spyro Gyra were the only Infinity acts to be retained by MCA , and most of the label 's catalog went out of print . The collapse of Infinity also coincided with rising costs of manufacturing for vinyl LP records and a huge sales slump for the music industry . Infinity has since become known as one of the most expensive failures in the history of the record business . There are at least two other smaller record labels that also have used the name Infinity Records . One of these other labels was a subsidiary of Festival Records , which for many years was Australia 's leading independent record company , but is now also defunct . Other companies with the Infinity Records name do not have an affiliation with MCA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "99f291112167797dd7fbf8cf43531a58", "text": "Filofax Filofax is a company based in the UK that produces a range of well-known personal organiser wallets . The organisers are traditionally leather bound and have a six-ring loose-leaf binder system . The design originated at Lefax , a United States company based in Philadelphia who exported products into the UK . The company also markets a range of personal leather goods and luggage under the `` Filofax '' brand . These organisers are available in over fifteen countries in the following sizes : A4 , A5 , Slimline , Personal , Pocket , Mini , Compact and Pocket Slimline . The name originates from an abbreviation of the phrase `` file of facts '' . This name for the product was first coined when the UK company was founded in 1921 . The popularity of the Filofax personal organiser grew enormously during the early 1980s due to its association with Yuppie Culture , where it was regarded as a `` must-have '' accessory , in the days before electronic organisers . The company was known as Norman & Hill until the mid-1980s when it renamed itself after its most popular product . For much of its life it was based in South Woodford , East London . In the early 1980s it moved to Barkingside , Essex . It was bought by David Collischon . In the early 1990s it moved its offices back to London and subcontracted its warehouse operation to Crick in Northamptonshire . Famous devotees of the Filofax products include Lord Lichfield and Len Deighton . Filofax is part of the UK-based Letts Group . In 2006 , Phoenix Equity Partners led a secondary buy out of the business . The deal provided an exit for private equity firm Dunedin Capital Partners . In 2012 the company was acquired by HSGP Investments .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a38935090888514a29a5259380608d99", "text": "American Viscose Corporation American Viscose Corporation was an American division of the British firm Courtaulds , which manufactured rayon and other synthetic fibres . Established in 1909 , it became the largest supplier of rayon and the first company to make artificial silk in the United States . American Viscose had plants at Marcus Hook , Pennsylvania ( established 1910 ) , Roanoke , Virginia ( 1916 ) , Lewistown , Pennsylvania ( 1920 ) , Parkersburg , West Virginia ( 1927 ) , Meadville , Pennsylvania ( 1929 ) , Nitro , West Virginia , and Front Royal , Virginia ( 1940 ) . After a 1946 merger with Sylvania Industrial Corporation ( not to be confused with lighting and electronics manufacturer Sylvania ) , it gained a plant at Fredericksburg , Virginia . The company changed names and ownership several times . It was founded as a division of Courtaulds and began production as `` The Viscose Company '' in 1910 . In 1937 it changed to `` American Viscose Corporation '' . In 1941 the company was sold off by order of the British government in order to raise money for purchase of munitions and other supplies from the Americans . The company passed into the control of the Monsanto Corporation after the war . ( Courtaulds resumed manufacture of rayon in the United States in 1952 ) . In 1963 it was purchased by FMC Corporation , which sold off the division in 1976 to its employees . It was then renamed Avtex Fibers . In 1974 , two years before FMC Corporation sold off the division to its employees , the plant in Parkersburg , WV was closed . In 1980 Avtex Fibers closed their plant in Nitro , West Virginia that manufactured rayon staple . In 1983 , Avtex Fibers was the largest US manufacturer of rayon fiber , as well as operating plants that made polyester and acetate yarn . Certain of its closed plants have become Superfund pollution cleanup sites . The former plant site at Front Royal , Virginia was used for manufacturing from 1940 until 1989 , when the plant was closed after being cited for more than 2,000 environmental violations over five years , including emissions of polychlorinated biphenyls ( PCBs ) into the nearby Shenandoah River . The plant was demolished in 1997 , and is currently being restored by FMC in conjunction with the United States Environmental Protection Agency . The company made rayon fiber for fabric and also rayon cord for reinforcement of pneumatic automobile tires . Declining sales and high internal costs caused Avtex to close its rayon operations in 1988 , briefly restarting to produce fiber for the aerospace industry , and then permanently closing in 1990 for economic and environmental reasons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f90a63fa846504b139eae0c242e6343f", "text": "Europa (oil company) Europa was a New Zealand-owned oil company that was operated by the Todd family in New Zealand , in competition with overseas firms such as Texaco ( now Caltex in NZ ) , Plume ( now Mobil ) , Shell ( now Z Energy ) and Atlantic ( now Mobil ) . Starting in Dunedin ( where the Todd family was based ) , in 1931 Charles Todd decided to import his own petrol . From 1933 the Europa brand of cheap imported petrol from the Soviet Union was sold through a chain of service stations across the country , in association with the New Zealand Farmer 's Union and various regional Automobile Associations . Because of price undercutting by the overseas firms , the government introduced regulation of petrol prices from 1933 . In the early sixties the company was fined a large sum in a Transfer pricing scandal . In 1972 British Petroleum NZ acquired a 60 % interest in the company . During this time , the company produced what was an award-winning television advert that featured American rock legend Stevie Ray Vaughan and New Zealand Blues legend Midge Marsden as part of the `` Travellin ' On '' television adverts . The television adverts were shot mainly around the Central North Island of New Zealand during 1988 . This would be the last major television advert used until 1989 when the Europa brand was replaced with the BP shield .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d63f4e802dfd69de9b39107029bd7fd1", "text": "New Order discography The discography of New Order , an English rock band , consists of ten studio albums , twelve compilation albums , three live albums , five extended plays ( EPs ) , thirty-eight singles , twelve video releases , thirty-three music videos and a number of soundtrack appearances . New Order were formed in 1980 by singer and guitarist Bernard Sumner , bassist Peter Hook and drummer Stephen Morris . The group began life as a continuation of their former incarnation Joy Division . Joy Division had disbanded after the death of the lead singer Ian Curtis . Gillian Gilbert , who was Morris ' girlfriend at the time , soon joined the group and played guitar and keyboards . Remarkably , New Order 's first eight singles released between 1981 and 1984 were not taken from any album . In most cases they were not even released as a 7-inch , but exclusively available in the radio-unfriendly 12-inch format , an unusual approach for a pop-act in the eighties . Despite the high anticipation that surrounded the group , their debut single `` Ceremony '' only peaked at number 34 on the UK Singles Chart . The group 's following two singles and their debut album met with similar moderate success . It would not be until the release of their fourth single , `` Blue Monday '' , that New Order would break into the top ten , with the song peaking at number 9 . `` Blue Monday '' became a defining single for the group and caused a sensation , becoming the biggest selling 12-inch single of all time . New Order , like many other post-punk groups of the period , increasingly utilised keyboards , drum machine and sequencers in their music . As a result they became associated with the synthpop and electronic dance movements of the 1980s . Beginning with Power , Corruption & Lies from 1983 , all of the group 's studio albums reached the top ten in the United Kingdom . The group experienced a lull in popularity in the years 1985 and 1986 but the surprise international popularity of the `` Bizarre Love Triangle '' single re-launched the group across the world . The group cemented their success in 1987 with the single , `` True Faith '' , and the compilation album Substance . New Order were at the peak of their popularity in the years 1987 to 1993 , with a run of popular singles , including `` Blue Monday 1988 '' , `` Fine Time '' , `` Regret '' , `` World ( The Price of Love ) '' and in 1990 they scored their only number 1 single in the UK with the official England national football team song , `` World in Motion '' . The two albums released during these years , Technique and Republic ; each charted at number 1 in the UK . It was during this successful period that the group 's internal dynamic began to falter . Sumner was not fond of touring , and wanted to take time off from the group and produce a solo album . He formed Electronic with Johnny Marr and the pair released their first single in 1989 . Hook formed his own band , Revenge , in 1989 , while Morris and Gilbert worked together as The Other Two , primarily scoring soundtracks . Of the three side projects , Sumner 's was by far the most successful . The recording and touring of 1993 's Republic , their first for London Records , was difficult and intra-band tensions were rife . The group went on hiatus until 1998 . In the meantime two compilation albums , The Best of New Order and The Rest of New Order , and several singles were released . The group reconvened in 1998 for the Reading Festival but did not release new material until 2000 . The group released the album Get Ready in 2001 . It was met with critical warmth , but it was apparent that the group 's popularity had lessened . The lead single from the album , `` Crystal '' , reached the top ten in the UK . The film 24 Hour Party People , a humorous chronicle of their label Factory Records , was released in 2002 . New Order contributed a new song , `` Here to Stay '' , and a re-recording of the Joy Division song `` New Dawn Fades '' with Moby , for the film 's soundtrack . The compilation International and four-disc boxset Retro were released in winter 2002 . New Order followed Get Ready with Waiting for the Sirens ' Call in 2005 . During this period Gilbert stepped down from live performances due to family commitments . Phil Cunningham stepped into her role and in 2005 became an official member of the group . The group had intended to release a ninth album soon after Waiting for the Sirens ' Call , the majority of which had already been recorded . The lack of enthusiasm inside the group and relative failure of Waiting for the Sirens ' Call stalled their career momentum . In 2007 , Hook decided to leave the group , and stated that he and Sumner had no further plans to work together . Sumner formed Bad Lieutenant with Cunningham , and Hook formed Freebass . Morris continued to work with Sumner and Cunningham . In 2008 , New Order released remastered and expanded editions of their first five albums with the intention of releasing the further three albums in a similar format in future . In December 2012 it was announced that Lost Sirens would be released in the United Kingdom on 14 January 2013 . Lost Sirens is an eight-track album of tracks left out of Waiting for the Sirens ' Call . On 22 June 2015 , the band announced they are to release a new album , Music Complete , on 25 September 2015 . The album will be the first without Peter Hook , and was produced mostly by the band themselves , except `` Singularity '' and `` Unlearn This Hatred '' , both produced by Tom Rowlands , while `` Superheated '' features additional production by Stuart Price . In the US , the band has sold a certified 2 million albums , and in the UK a certified 960,000 albums .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b6df5f6496cab8bfbd1e1e1c05efcc9", "text": "British Overseas Territories The 14 British Overseas Territories ( BOT ) are territories under the jurisdiction and sovereignty of the United Kingdom . They are the parts of the British Empire that have not been granted independence or have voted to remain British territories . These territories do not form part of the United Kingdom and , with the exception of Gibraltar , are not part of the European Union . Most of the inhabited territories are internally self-governing , with the UK retaining responsibility for defence and foreign relations . The rest are either uninhabited or have a transitory population of military or scientific personnel . They share the British monarch ( Elizabeth II ) as head of state . The term `` British Overseas Territory '' was introduced by the British Overseas Territories Act 2002 , replacing the term British Dependent Territory , introduced by the British Nationality Act 1981 . Prior to 1 January 1983 , the territories were officially referred to as British Crown Colonies . With the exceptions of the British Antarctic Territory and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands ( which host only officials and research station staff ) and the British Indian Ocean Territory ( used as a military base ) , the Territories retain permanent civilian populations . Permanent residency for the 7,000 or so civilians living in the Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia is limited to citizens of the Republic of Cyprus . Collectively , the Territories encompass a population of about 250,000 people and a land area of about 667018 sqmi . The vast majority of this land area , 660000 sqmi , constitutes the almost uninhabited British Antarctic Territory , while the largest territory by population , Bermuda , accounts for almost a quarter of the total BOT population . At the other end of the scale , three territories have no civilian population ; the Antarctic territory , the British Indian Ocean Territory ( from which the Chagos Islanders were controversially removed ) and South Georgia . Pitcairn Islands , settled by the survivors of the Mutiny on the Bounty , is the smallest settled territory with 49 inhabitants , while the smallest by land area is Gibraltar on the southern tip of the Iberian peninsula . The United Kingdom participates in the Antarctic Treaty System and , as part of a mutual agreement , the British Antarctic Territory is recognised by four of the other sovereign nations making claims to Antarctic territory . Although the Crown dependencies of Jersey , Guernsey and the Isle of Man are also under the sovereignty of the British monarch , they are in a different constitutional relationship with the United Kingdom . The British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies are themselves distinct from the Commonwealth realms , a group of 15 independent countries ( and the United Kingdom ) which each also have Elizabeth II as their reigning monarch , and from the Commonwealth of Nations , a voluntary association of 52 countries mostly with historic links to the British Empire ( which also includes all Commonwealth realms ) . the Minister responsible for the Territories excluding the Falkland Islands , Gibraltar and the Sovereign Base Areas is Baroness Anelay , Minister of State for the Commonwealth and the UN . The other three territories are the responsibility of Sir Alan Duncan MP , Minister of State for Europe and the Americas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab12aeffd57a6366a60bbae93cb19c3c", "text": "British Caledonian British Caledonian ( BCal ) was a private , British independent airline , operating out of Gatwick Airport in south-east England during the 1970s and 1980s . It was created as an alternative to the British government-controlled corporation airlines and was described as the `` Second Force '' in the 1969 Edwards report . It was formed by the UK 's second-largest , independent charter airline Caledonian Airways taking over British United Airways ( BUA ) , then the largest British independent airline and the United Kingdom 's leading independent scheduled carrier . The BUA takeover enabled Caledonian to realise its long-held ambition to transform itself into a scheduled airline . The merged entity eventually became the UK 's foremost independent , international scheduled airline . A series of major financial setbacks during the mid-1980s combined with the airline 's inability to grow sufficiently to reach a viable size put the airline at serious risk of collapse . BCal began looking for a merger partner to improve its competitive position . In December 1987 , British Airways ( BA ) gained control of the airline . The Caledonian name and livery was then used to rebrand BA 's Gatwick-based subsidiary British Airtours as Caledonian Airways .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5294233095c3f71e95a3f7227c42eca", "text": "British rock and roll British rock and roll , or sometimes British rock 'n' roll , is a style of popular music based on American rock and roll , which emerged in the late 1950s and was popular until the arrival of beat music in 1962 . It has generally been considered inferior to the American version of the genre , and made little international or lasting impact . However , it was important in establishing British youth and popular music culture and was a key factor in subsequent developments that led to the British Invasion of the mid-1960s . Since the 1960s , some stars of the genre , most notably Cliff Richard , have managed to sustain successful careers and there have been periodic revivals of this form of music .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3464e2740ebf4447e1557b2a568a7821", "text": "Admiral Sportswear Admiral Sportswear is a British internationally recognized football , cricket and sportswear brand . It reached the peak of its success in the 1970s and early 1980s through a series of prestigious football team sponsorships .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45b265f14064c0e75c18a0eb3816bfa5", "text": "1950s American automobile culture 1950s American automobile culture has had an enduring influence on the culture of the United States , as reflected in popular music , major trends from the 1950s and mainstream acceptance of the `` hot rod '' culture . The American manufacturing economy switched from producing war-related items to consumer goods at the end of World War II , and by the end of the 1950s , one in six working Americans were employed either directly or indirectly in the automotive industry . The United States became the world 's largest manufacturer of automobiles , and Henry Ford 's goal of 30 years earlier -- that any man with a good job should be able to afford an automobile -- was achieved . A new generation of service businesses focusing on customers with their automobiles sprang up during the decade , including drive-through or drive-in restaurants and more drive-in theaters ( cinemas ) . The decade began with 25 million registered automobiles on the road , most of which predated World War II and were in poor condition ; no automobiles or parts were produced during the war owing to rationing and restrictions . By 1950 , most factories had made the transition to a consumer-based economy , and more than 8 million cars were produced that year alone . By 1958 , there were more than 67 million cars registered in the United States , more than twice the number at the start of the decade . As part of the U.S. national defenses , to support military transport , the National Highway System was expanded with Interstate highways , beginning in 1955 , across many parts of the United States . The wider , multi-lane highways allowed traffic to move at faster speeds , with few or no stoplights on the way . The wide-open spaces along the highways became a basis for numerous billboards showing advertisements . The dawning of the Space Age and Space Race were reflected in contemporary American automotive styling . Large tailfins , flowing designs reminiscent of rockets , and radio antennas that imitated Sputnik 1 were common , owing to the efforts of design pioneers such as Harley Earl .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c01b13a54e784b37e5e4499da5d61824", "text": "Evolution of Management Systems ' A management system is the framework of processes and procedures used to ensure that an organization can fulfill all tasks required to achieve its objectives . After World War II , the reigning paradigm of product-oriented mass production had reached its peak . Examples of management systems at that time are linear assembly lines , organizational hierarchies of command , product quality control and mass consumption . Soon afterwards , the Deming-Juran process-quality teachings spearheaded a new quality orientation ( later referred to as Total quality management ) and propelled Japan directly to the post-war process focus ( process quality control , just-in-time , continuous improvement ) . The US responded by a painful and prolonged product-to-process transformation , ultimately leveling the playing field again by the mid 1980s . At the end of the 1980s , business process reengineering focused on the radical redesign of the production process through the reintegration of task , labor and knowledge . As a result , lean , flexible and streamlined production processes were created , capable of fast response and internet-based integration necessary for the upcoming phase of supply chains - business-to-business ( B2B ) -- as well as demand chains -- business-to-customer ( B2C ) . In the above three stages of Evolution of Management Systems '' ' , the competitive advantage was derived almost exclusively from the internal resources of the firm . At the end of the 1980s , a radical fourth shift has occurred : the competitive advantage became increasingly derived from the external resources of the firm -- through the extended networks of suppliers and customers . Figure 1 refers to the basic scheme of production and service delivery process . It represents the traditional linear input-process-output management system . This system has been fixed and unchanging for centuries . The only change has been in terms of changing focus on individual components of the system , emphasizing different parts of this basic scheme . Although the scheme itself ( inputs → process → outputs ) remains mostly unchallenged , there are some indications that this business model will undergo major restructurings in the future ( in the emerging stages of Evolution of Management Systems ) . It will become disaggregated and distributed , subjected to non-linear modularity and bringing forth new ways of making things and delivering services . Then it will become reintegrated again , tying together globally distributed components into a unified recycling whole .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1338c566a5d90c985b4b128c34a6cde1", "text": "Virgin Unite Virgin Unite is the working name of The Virgin Foundation , the independent charitable arm of the Virgin Group . Created by Richard Branson and Virgin employees in September 2004 , Virgin Unite pools volunteering efforts from across the Virgin Group and its hundreds of subsidiaries and associated companies to grow the efforts of smaller grassroots charitable organizations . Partnered with more than a dozen charities worldwide the company also provides a resource through the Internet by serving as an online donation centre for those wanting to contribute . The primary aims of the foundation are to make sustainable change through economic development towards tough social and environmental issues . These include addressing the issue of delivering healthcare to rural parts of Africa . Branson and Virgin underwrite all the operating costs of the organization , so 100 % of contributions can be applied towards causes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fbcc5c9ab66978b5ad0059fb8d8adb1a", "text": "Oracle Media Objects Oracle Media Objects , formerly Oracle Card , was a multi-media software development tool for developing multi-media applications , with similar functionality and appearance to Apple Computer ' HyperCard . In the early days of HyperCard at least two alternative tools were created outside of Apple , Spinnaker 's Plus and SuperCard . Plus was very much like HyperCard , with the notable distinction of being cross-platform , operating on both Mac OS and Windows . SuperCard was Mac-only at the time , and is still a shipping product . Plus went on to become more than one product . One variation was WinPlus , which was a Microsoft Windows only version of the program . Another was Oracle Card , distributed by Oracle . First released in 1991 , Oracle Card was essentially a redistribution of the Plus runtime engine along with external libraries for establishing connections to RDBMS engines such as Oracle and DB2 . As such , Oracle Card stacks could execute queries and associate their results with native variables , making Oracle Card one of the first RDBMS application development environments to support cross-platform development . A few years later , Oracle acquired the Plus source code from Format Verlag and developed it to become Oracle Media Objects ( often referred to by users as OMO ) . OMO did n't last very long , with development ceasing after version 1.1.2 . OMO was used by Oracle to position itself in the video on demand market . At the time , it was thought that the video on demand market was about to become a booming industry , but this never occurred . Many customers of Oracle that were making large purchases of its core database technology received copies of OMO thrown into the deal . Consequently , an unknown amount of IT development internal to these customers was conducted on the OMO platform . Commercially , there were very few products built using the tool . Amongst these were the `` Our Secret Century '' series of CD-ROMs published by The Voyager Company ( the series was intended to be 12 discs , and 10 did ship before Voyager 's CD-ROM line was acquired by another company , leaving the remaining two discs unfinished ) and Inside Independence Day made by ACES Entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d0ab3c4b607bc9da5936bcbd4abfeb5e", "text": "MFI Group MFI Group Limited was a British furniture retailer , operating under the MFI brand . The company was one of the largest suppliers of kitchens and bedroom furniture in the United Kingdom , and operated mainly in retail parks in out of town locations . Anecdotally it was said at one stage that one in three Sunday lunches in the UK were cooked in an MFI kitchen and 60 % of British children were conceived in an MFI bedroom . After success in its early decades , it experienced recurring financial problems accompanied by several changes of ownership , and on 26 November 2008 , it was announced that the business had been placed into administration . Merchant Equity Partners , headed by Henry Jackson , was the last company to own it , before it was sold to the management in September 2008 for a `` small profit '' . The business ceased trading by 19 December 2008 after the administrators failed to find a buyer . It struggled to make profits during the 2000s , as chains such as B&Q and Argos introduced their own furniture lines , and rival chain IKEA ( who arrived in the United Kingdom in the last half of the 1980s ) expanded . Following its closure , the MFI brand was purchased by Victoria Plumb , and was relaunched as an online only retailer on 30 November 2011 only for it to cease trading again in July 2015 . Following a rebrand in 2015 , Victoria Plumb became VictoriaPlum.com and announced that it was to expand into other home product categories . As part of this expansion , VictoriaPlum.com announced on 17 March 2016 that it was set to revive the MFI brand name , to represent its exclusive collection of low-cost , value-for-money bedroom furniture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "238ca5ee63fb4cffad25c8180ef62bfb", "text": "Ford Transcontinental The Ford Transcontinental is a heavy goods vehicle tractor and rigid unit that was manufactured between 1975 and 1984 by Ford Europe in the Netherlands and Britain . A total of 8735 units were produced , 8231 in Amsterdam and another 504 at the Foden VAP in Sandbach , Cheshire UK . Assembled almost entirely from bought in OEM component parts ( e.g. , cab shell from Berliet , engine from Cummins , transmission from Eaton ) it was introduced to fill a perceived gap in the market in anticipation of the relaxation of weight restrictions on HGVs , and as such had a very strong chassis and heavy duty suspension . The Berliet KB 2400 cab was also used by Renault for their R-series . Recognizable by its high cab , it was an extremely advanced vehicle for its time offering a high standard of driver comfort and a high power output for its time , courtesy of the well proven 14 litre Cummins engine with typical outputs of 290-350 HP . The engines were originally of the Cummins NTC generation , but were gradually updated to the new `` big-cam '' ( NTE ) generation - a process completed by 1979 . Also , the Ford Transcontinental is noted for having oil and water meters on the dashboard , another example of the unit being ahead of its time . Sales did not live up to expectations , mainly because the tractor unit with its heavy duty construction was too heavy for the 32 ton weight limit in the UK at the time , although it was a popular vehicle with drivers , particularly those who were engaged on long distance continental work . The model was updated continuously , with much work carried out to lighten the heavy chassis . Today the Transcontinental is a particularly rare vehicle , much in favour with collectors of vintage commercials , although a few do remain in revenue earning service throughout Europe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b717378c62818ff13eaa67fb38075f17", "text": "Lenta (retail) Lenta is one of the largest retail chains in Russia and the country 's second largest hypermarket chain . The company was founded in 1993 in St. Petersburg . Founded by Oleg Zherebtsov , Lenta opened its first `` Cash & Carry '' store in St. Petersburg , Russia , in October 1993 . Lenta then registered its trademark in 1994 . And , by 1999 , it opened its first big-box hypermarket format and has expanded ever since . Now Lenta operates 122 hypermarkets in 63 cities across Russia and 27 supermarkets in the Moscow region with a total of approximately 787,807 sq. m. of selling space . The average Lenta hypermarket store has selling space of 6,200 sq m . The company operates five distribution centres for hypermarkets . The company 's stores base themselves on price-led hypermarkets and supermarket scheme . Lenta employs around 35,100 people . Lenta 's largest shareholders include TPG Capital , the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and VTB Capital . Global Depository Receipts ( GDRs ) of Lenta Ltd. are listed on the London Stock Exchange and on the Moscow Exchange . The parent company of the chain -- Lenta LLC -- 100 % belongs to Lenta LTD , that registered in British Virgin Islands . 41,3 % of shares belong to investment - TPG Capital and `` VTB Capital '' ( 35,5 % and 4 % respectively ) , 15,3 % -- belongs to EBRD , minor shareholders share the rest . CEO of the chain -- Jan Dunning .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a2bea8dfd8b249f125bf9dd1bd95d537", "text": "P8 Group The P8 Group brings together senior leaders from some of the world 's largest public pension funds to develop actions relating to global issues and particularly climate change . It is an initiative of the Cambridge Programme for Sustainability Leadership ( CPSL ) and HRH Prince of Wales 's Business and Environment Programme ( BEP ) supported by the Environmental Capital Group ( ECG ) and the Nand & Jeet Khemka Foundation . The P8 Group involves ten leading global pension funds and sovereign wealth funds , including representatives from Europe , Asia , Australasia and North America . They represent over $ 3 trillion of investment capital and as pension funds have an inherently long term focus . In November 2007 the first P8 Summit was held . This brought together leaders from eight of the world 's largest public pension funds with key experts including Vice President Al Gore and HRH Prince of Wales . The P8 Summit was a critical start in getting pension funds to lead in the move toward a low carbon economy . Participants agreed to continue working together to address climate change , both within their organizations and as a group to influence policy and markets . The group , at this point 10 pension funds , met again in July 2008 to further develop their strategy . At this meeting HRH Prince of Wales welcomed their continued `` determination to put substantial money into investments that address climate change . '' This organisation has now disbanded , and was replaced in 2010 by the P80 Group Foundation .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "a0cfb09177dc216e696bc40d50800f88", "text": "Barack Obama Barack Hussein Obama II ( -LSB- bəˈrɑːk_huːˈseɪn_oʊˈbɑːmə -RSB- ; born August 4 , 1961 ) is an American politician who served as the 44th President of the United States from 2009 to 2017 . He is the first African American to have served as president . He previously served in the U.S. Senate representing Illinois from 2005 to 2008 , and in the Illinois State Senate from 1997 to 2004 . Obama was born in Honolulu , Hawaii , two years after the territory was admitted to the Union as the 50th state . Raised largely in Hawaii , Obama also spent one year of his childhood in Washington State and four years in Indonesia . After graduating from Columbia University in 1983 , he worked as a community organizer in Chicago . In 1988 Obama enrolled in Harvard Law School , where he was the first black president of the Harvard Law Review . After graduation , he became a civil rights attorney and professor , teaching constitutional law at the University of Chicago Law School from 1992 to 2004 . Obama represented the 13th District for three terms in the Illinois Senate from 1997 to 2004 , when he ran for the U.S. Senate . Obama received national attention in 2004 , with his unexpected March primary win , his well-received July Democratic National Convention keynote address , and his landslide November election to the Senate . In 2008 , Obama was nominated for president , a year after his campaign began , and after a close primary campaign against Hillary Clinton . He was elected over Republican John McCain , and was inaugurated on January 20 , 2009 . Nine months later , Obama was named the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize laureate . During his first two years in office , Obama signed many landmark bills . Main reforms were the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act ( often referred to as `` Obamacare '' ) , the Dodd -- Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act , and the Do n't Ask , Do n't Tell Repeal Act of 2010 . The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 and Tax Relief , Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization , and Job Creation Act of 2010 served as economic stimulus amidst the Great Recession , but the GOP regained control of the House of Representatives in 2011 . After a lengthy debate over the national debt limit , Obama signed the Budget Control and the American Taxpayer Relief Acts . In foreign policy , Obama increased U.S. troop levels in Afghanistan , reduced nuclear weapons with the U.S.-Russian New START treaty , and ended military involvement in the Iraq War . He ordered military involvement in Libya in opposition to Muammar Gaddafi , and the military operation that resulted in the death of Osama bin Laden . After winning re-election by defeating Republican nominee Mitt Romney , Obama was sworn in for a second term in 2013 . During his second term , Obama promoted greater inclusiveness for LGBT Americans , with his administration filing briefs that urged the Supreme Court to strike down same-sex marriage bans as unconstitutional ( United States v. Windsor and Obergefell v. Hodges ) . Obama also advocated gun control in response to the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting , and issued wide-ranging executive actions concerning climate change and immigration . In foreign policy , Obama ordered military intervention in Iraq in response to gains made by ISIL after the 2011 withdrawal from Iraq , continued the process of ending U.S. combat operations in Afghanistan , promoted discussions that led to the 2015 Paris Agreement on global climate change , initiated the sanctions against Russia following the invasion in Ukraine , brokered a nuclear deal with Iran , and normalized U.S. relations with Cuba . Obama left office in January 2017 with a 60 % approval rating . He currently resides in Washington , D.C. His presidential library will be built in Chicago .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b1e393017d921466e6f1c161c9d1c16c", "text": "The Case Against Barack Obama The Case Against Barack Obama : The Unlikely Rise and Unexamined Agenda of the Media 's Favorite Candidate , by author David Freddoso , is a bestselling book published in late 2008 , providing a critical examination of the life and opinions of the then United States presidential candidate and Senator Barack Obama . Freddoso was a political reporter for the website of the conservative magazine National Review when the book came out . He is now with the Washington Examiner . The book was published by Regnery Publishing . Freddoso said in an August 2008 interview that the book is an attempt to address what he sees as two wrong ways of considering Obama as a presidential candidate . The author wanted to counter those , including those in the news media , who look on Obama uncritically , and to do so in a way different from those who `` are smearing him on the Internet for supposedly being a secret Muslim or supposedly not saluting the flag '' . The book harshly criticizes Obama over policy matters , according to Ben Smith , a writer at The Politico . For the most part , the book is drawn from published sources , although Freddoso does some original reporting . The first press run of the book was nearly 300,000 copies , and it appeared on the August 24 , 2008 New York Times Bestseller List for hardcover nonfiction at No. 5 . Publicity for the book is handled by the conservative public relations firm Creative Response Concepts . The book was released within weeks of two other books critical of Obama written by conservative writers : Jerome Corsi 's The Obama Nation : Leftist Politics and the Cult of Personality , and Dick Morris ' Fleeced : How Barack Obama , Media Mockery of Terrorist Threats , Liberals Who Want to Kill Talk Radio , the Do-Nothing Congress , Companies That Help Iran , and Washington Lobbyists for Foreign Governments Are Scamming Us ... and What to Do About It .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b18c260d3492b994c3621686c0636bea", "text": "Statewide legislative elections in the United States, 2010 The 2010 statewide legislative elections were held on November 2 , 2010 , halfway through President Barack Obama 's first term in office . Elections were held for 88 legislative chambers , with all states but Louisiana , Mississippi , New Jersey and Virginia holding elections in at least one house . Kansas , New Mexico and South Carolina held elections for their lower , but not upper houses . Republicans scored record gains , gaining at least 680 total seats and taking control of 19 legislative chambers , while the Democrats lost at least 21 chambers . The winners of this election cycle will serve in their respective legislatures for either a 2 or 4 year term , depending on state election rules .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ccf66361a25b3049d09c2a7cdfd5a2a", "text": "Obama (surname) Obama is a surname .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6669465a82a59a1f4d5b6b31a83ecdd3", "text": "Southeast, Washington, D.C. Southeast ( SE or S.E. ) is the southeastern quadrant of Washington , D.C. , the capital of the United States , and is located south of East Capitol Street and east of South Capitol Street . It includes the Capitol Hill and Anacostia neighborhoods , the Navy Yard , the Joint Base Anacostia-Bolling ( JBAB ) , the U.S. Marine Barracks , the Anacostia River waterfront , Eastern Market , the remains of several Civil War-era forts , historic St. Elizabeths Hospital , RFK Stadium , Nationals Park , and the Congressional Cemetery . It is also contains a landmark known as `` The Big Chair , '' located on Martin Luther King Avenue . The quadrant is bisected by the Anacostia River , with the portion that is west of the river sometimes referred to as `` Near Southeast '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e42c2235ace6f10598db77c8ff9c3b15", "text": "Freedom Plaza Freedom Plaza , originally known as Western Plaza , is an open plaza in Northwest Washington , D.C. , United States , located at the corner of 14th Street and Pennsylvania Avenue NW , adjacent to Pershing Park . The John A. Wilson Building , the seat of the District of Columbia government , faces the plaza , as does the historic National Theatre , which has been visited by every U.S. President since it opened in 1835 . Three large hotels are to the north and west . The National Park Service administers the Plaza as part of its Pennsylvania Avenue National Historic Site and coordinates the Plaza 's activities .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4fabdc47572748f939ed3b2d724e109d", "text": "Economic policy of the Barack Obama administration The economic policy of the Barack Obama administration was characterized by moderate tax increases on higher income Americans designed to fund healthcare reform , reduce the federal budget deficit , and improve income inequality . His first term ( 2009 -- 2013 ) included measures designed to address the Great Recession and Subprime mortgage crisis , which began in 2007 . These included a major stimulus package , banking regulation , and comprehensive healthcare reform . As the economy improved and robust job creation continued during his second term ( 2013 -- 2017 ) , the Bush tax cuts were allowed to expire for the highest income taxpayers and a spending sequester ( cap ) was implemented , to further reduce the deficit back to typical historical levels . Towards the end of his tenure , the U.S. economy was nearing full employment such that the Federal Reserve began raising interest rates , real household income was nearing its pre-crisis peak , gas prices were very low , and GDP grew 3.5 % . He also implemented several environmental executive orders to address climate change and encourage clean energy industries , as the U.S. enjoyed an unprecedented increase in energy production . Both the stock market and corporate profits reached record high levels during his tenure , while inflation and interest rates remained near record low levels . Conceptually , Obama advocated using government regulation to stem crony capitalism and tax revenue to stabilize and promote economic growth . Two of his important economic advisers were Jason Furman of Harvard University and Jeffrey Liebman of Harvard University . In 2006 , Obama wrote , `` We should be asking ourselves what mix of policies will lead to a dynamic free market and widespread economic security , entrepreneurial innovation and upward mobility -LSB- ... -RSB- we should be guided by what works . '' Speaking before the National Press Club in April 2005 , he defended the New Deal social welfare policies of Franklin D. Roosevelt , associating Republican proposals to establish private accounts for Social Security with Social Darwinism .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "974bf75518c38f287ce94de140497d52", "text": "Stanley Armour Dunham Stanley Armour Dunham ( March 23 , 1918February 8 , 1992 ) was the maternal grandfather of the 44th U.S. President Barack Obama . He and his wife Madelyn Payne Dunham raised Obama from the age of 10 in Honolulu , Hawaii .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93c32d5b70cc77543e2f99e4e52215cf", "text": "Harry S Truman Building The Harry S Truman Building is the headquarters of the United States Department of State . It is located in the national capital , Washington , D.C. The Truman Building is located in the Foggy Bottom neighborhood at 2201 C Street , NW , bounded by C Street to the south , E Street , D Street , and Virginia Avenue to the north , 21st Street to the east , and 23rd Street to the west . It is located to the west of Edward J. Kelly Park and north of the National Academy of Sciences building and the National Mall . The Truman Building houses the office of the United States Secretary of State .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3bbca02693e24f7ffc00cac5727b612c", "text": "Death of Hadiya Pendleton The death of Hadiya Pendleton occurred on January 29 , 2013 . Pendleton , a 15-year-old girl from Chicago , Illinois , was shot in the back and killed while standing with friends inside Harsh Park in Kenwood , Chicago after taking her final exams . A student at King College Prep High School , she was killed only one week after performing at events for President Barack Obama 's second inauguration . First Lady Michelle Obama attended the funeral for Pendleton in Chicago . President Obama mentioned Pendleton 's death in his 2013 State of the Union Address in Congress , where Pendleton 's parents , Cleopatra Cowley-Pendleton and Nathaniel A. Pendleton Sr. , attended as guests . The crime scene is `` just a mile away from -LSB- President Obama 's -RSB- Chicago house . '' Pendleton 's mother , Cleopatra Cowley-Pendleton , went onstage but did not speak at the 2016 Democratic National Convention .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b23fc45780b36eb1f39637de61583547", "text": "Fireman's Insurance Company Building Fireman 's Insurance Company Building is an historic building in Washington , D.C.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bebeada8f0ed1b55573aa67c3f6b54b8", "text": "2012 State of the Union Address The 2012 State of the Union Address was a speech given by President Barack Obama , from 9 p.m. to 10:17 p.m. EST on Tuesday , January 24 , 2012 , in the chamber of the United States House of Representatives . In his speech , he focused on education reform , repairing America 's infrastructure with money not used on the Iraq War , and creating new energy sources in America .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "630b2a45501bc22ea2d8a9d0c9a8c871", "text": "Ann Dunham Stanley Ann Dunham ( November 29 , 1942 -- November 7 , 1995 ) was an American anthropologist who specialized in the economic anthropology and rural development of Indonesia . She was the mother of Barack Obama , the 44th President of the United States . Dunham was known as Stanley Ann Dunham through high school , then as Ann Dunham , Ann Obama , Ann Soetoro , Ann Sutoro ( after her second divorce ) , and finally as Ann Dunham . Born in Wichita , Kansas , Dunham spent her childhood in California , Oklahoma , Texas and Kansas , her teenage years in Mercer Island , Washington , and most of her adult life in Hawaii and Indonesia . Dunham studied at the East -- West Center and at the University of Hawaii at Manoa in Honolulu , where she attained a bachelor of arts degree in anthropology ( 1967 ) , and later received master of arts ( 1974 ) and PhD ( 1992 ) degrees , also in anthropology . She also attended University of Washington at Seattle in 1961 -- 1962 . Interested in craftsmanship , weaving and the role of women in cottage industries , Dunham 's research focused on women 's work on the island of Java and blacksmithing in Indonesia . To address the problem of poverty in rural villages , she created microcredit programs while working as a consultant for the United States Agency for International Development . Dunham was also employed by the Ford Foundation in Jakarta and she consulted with the Asian Development Bank in Gujranwala , Pakistan . Towards the latter part of her life , she worked with Bank Rakyat Indonesia , where she helped apply her research to the largest microfinance program in the world . After her son was elected President , interest renewed in Dunham 's work : The University of Hawaii held a symposium about her research ; an exhibition of Dunham 's Indonesian batik textile collection toured the United States ; and in December 2009 , Duke University Press published Surviving against the Odds : Village Industry in Indonesia , a book based on Dunham 's original 1992 dissertation . Janny Scott , an author and former New York Times reporter , published a biography about Ann Dunham 's life titled A Singular Woman in 2011 . Posthumous interest has also led to the creation of The Ann Dunham Soetoro Endowment in the Anthropology Department at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa , as well as the Ann Dunham Soetoro Graduate Fellowships , intended to fund students associated with the East -- West Center ( EWC ) in Honolulu , Hawaii . In an interview , Barack Obama referred to his mother as `` the dominant figure in my formative years ... The values she taught me continue to be my touchstone when it comes to how I go about the world of politics . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "12bba1f19d575647555c9bfc4311c9d4", "text": "United States presidential election in North Carolina, 2008 The 2008 United States presidential election in North Carolina was part of the national event on November 4 , 2008 throughout all 50 states and D.C. . In North Carolina , voters chose 15 representatives , or electors , to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . North Carolina was won by Democratic nominee Barack Obama with a 0.32 % margin of victory . Prior to the election , most news organizations considered the state as a toss-up , or swing state , but few truly believed Obama would win it . Only 1 of the 18 news/political organizations listed here correctly predicted the result , an Obama victory . Throughout the general election , the state was heavily targeted by both campaigns . It was one of six Southern states and districts ( along with Florida , Virginia , Maryland , Delaware , and the District of Columbia ) that voted for Obama in 2008 . A high turnout by African-American voters , bolstered by overwhelming support from younger voters were the major factors that helped deliver North Carolina 's 15 electoral votes to Obama , making him the first Democratic presidential nominee to carry the state in 32 years . Prior to 2008 , the last Democratic candidate to win North Carolina was Jimmy Carter in 1976 . Bill Clinton came within 20,000 votes of winning the state in 1992 . As of 2016 , this is the last time that the Democratic nominee carried North Carolina .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "16610e4bd1c2ae5f948be123341efd82", "text": "Hispanics and Latinos in Washington, D.C. The Latino community represents more than 10 % of Washington , D.C. 's population . Spanish is the second most spoken language in the city after English , and most government city programs publish and advertise in English and Spanish among other languages . In 1976 an Office of Latino Affairs was created by Mayor of the District of Columbia Walter Washington There is a growing and flourishing Hispanic community in the states of Virginia and Maryland in the Washington , DC metropolitan area , with a total of 814,000 Hispanics ( 9.7 % of the population ) . The Hispanic community is the second most populous ethnic community in the United States with more than 50 million residents . Every Hispanic country has had embassies in Washington D.C. since the early 1800s . One of the first embassies in DC was the Argentinian embassy , created in 1824 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a9a9fd0a8b0581115313ee7294134948", "text": "Lincoln Bedroom The Lincoln Bedroom is a bedroom which is part of a guest suite located in the southeast corner of the second floor of the White House in Washington , D.C. . The Lincoln Sitting Room makes up the other part of the suite . The room is named for President Abraham Lincoln , who used the room as an office . The first room in the White House to carry the name `` Lincoln Bedroom '' was in the northwest corner of the White House . It existed from 1929 until the 1961 , when First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy transformed it into the President 's Dining Room .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "573d9b24e8cb9d8347ef5de04bef6cac", "text": "Richard Nixon Foundation The Richard Nixon Foundation is a not-for-profit organization based at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum in Yorba Linda , California . It was founded in the late 1980s by Richard Nixon , 37th President of the United States , and served as the governing body of the Nixon Library for nearly twenty years . Today it operates the Nixon Library in conjunction with the National Archives and Records Administration , which is an entity of the federal government of the United States , in addition to undertaking charitable and education-based activities . The Nixon Foundation founded , controlled and operated the Nixon Library from the library 's dedication on July 19 , 1990 until July 11 , 2007 , at which the Foundation invited the National Archives to take control . The two entities signed a joint operating agreement which allowed the library to become officially known as the Richard Nixon Presidential Library , welcoming it into the national system of presidential libraries . This move allowed President Nixon 's White House documents to be moved to his library in Yorba Linda . The Nixon Foundation is governed by a Board of Directors , led by former Nixon White House Director of Presidential Advance Ronald H. Walker . The board includes President Nixon 's daughters Tricia Nixon Cox and Julie Nixon Eisenhower , his brother Edward Nixon , former Ambassador George Argyros former California Governor Pete Wilson , and longest-serving Vietnam War POW Everett Alvarez , Jr. . The Foundation 's President and CEO is William Baribault . The Foundation has hosted United States presidents , first ladies and several vice presidents . Also hosted have been public affairs commentators such as Bill O'Reilly , academics such as Doris Kearns Goodwin , and Supreme Court Justice Stephen Breyer . The library includes `` Meet the Presidents , '' in which presidential impersonators speak to several hundred school-aged children . To commemorate the 10th anniversary of the September 11 , 2001 attacks , the Nixon Foundation brought 16 tons of warped steel from the World Trade Center and a damaged , first-responder FDNY firetruck to the Nixon Library for viewing . Before the National Archives took over its management , the Nixon Library had been accused by several media outlets of glossing over Nixon 's 1974 resignation with `` whitewashed '' exhibits . In 2007 , the National Archives removed the 17 year old Watergate exhibit and , after three years , the new exhibit was scheduled to open in July 2010 . The Nixon Foundation objected to the proposed exhibit , because the Nixon Foundation was not consulted in the way that other presidential foundations had been consulted with similar situations . The Foundation filed a 158 page memorandum to the Assistant Archivist for Presidential Libraries expressing their dissatisfaction and NARA stated a committee would review the objection but gave no timeline for when that process would be concluded . The exhibit opened on March 31 , 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46727e34716c4edbe4ea701f25ee728a", "text": "National Museum of African American History and Culture The National Museum of African American History and Culture ( NMAAHC ) is a Smithsonian Institution museum established in December 2003 . The museum 's building , designed by David Adjaye , is on the National Mall in Washington , D.C. . It has close to 37,000 objects in its collection related to such subjects as community , family , the visual and performing arts , religion , civil rights , slavery , and segregation . Early efforts to establish a federally owned museum featuring African-American history and culture can be traced to 1915 , although the modern push for such an organization did not begin until the 1970s . After years of little success , a much more serious legislative push began in 1988 that led to authorization of the museum in 2003 . A site was selected in 2006 . The museum opened September 24 , 2016 , in a ceremony led by U.S. President Barack Obama .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e59e23b0e2c2e3c12b6b23caebf46771", "text": "List of mayors of Washington, D.C. The list of mayors of Washington , D.C. is a reflection of the changing structure of its local government . Washington , D.C. was formed with the passage of the amended residency Act of 1791 and the government at the time defined in the 1790 Residency Act . From 1791 to 1802 the District was managed by a three-member board of Commissioners . With the passage of the 1802 Organic Act , the District was divided into two counties , Alexandria County west of the Potomac and Washington County to the east . The counties were governed by levy courts made of providentially appointed Justices of the Peace , but the District 's three cities , Georgetown , Washington City and Alexandria each had their own municipal government . Prior to 1812 , the levy courts had a number of members defined by the President , but after that Washington County had 7 members . In 1846 , Alexandria County returned to Virginia . In 1848 , the Washington County levy court was expanded to 11 members and in 1863 it was reduced by two to nine members . With the District of Columbia Organic Act of 1871 , the three municipalities within the District of Columbia were abolished in favor of a single District government , whose chief executive was a territorial Governor . This office was abolished in 1874 , and replaced with a temporary three-member Board of Commissioners appointed by the President . The board was made permanent in 1878 and this system continued until 1967 , when it was replaced by a single mayor-commissioner and city council appointed by the President . Finally , in 1974 , the District of Columbia Home Rule Act allowed for District residents to elect their own mayor . Currently , the Mayor of the District of Columbia is popularly elected to a four-year term with no term limits . Even though Washington , D.C. is not a state , the city government also has certain state-level responsibilities , making some of the mayor 's duties analogous to those of United States governors . The current mayor of Washington , D.C. is Muriel Bowser , a Democrat , who has served in the role since January 2 , 2015 . The lists on this page include all of the chief executives of the District of Columbia in their various forms .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d3389086530a28e5db0d5b3420588ef", "text": "United States presidential election in Ohio, 2008 The 2008 United States presidential election in Ohio took place on November 4 , 2008 , which was part of the 2008 United States presidential election . Voters chose 20 representatives , or electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . Ohio was won by Democratic nominee Barack Obama with a 4.6 % margin of victory . Prior to the election , most news organizations considered this state as a major swing state and bellwether . Both major party candidates visited the Buckeye State numerous times and campaigned throughout the state extensively trying to sway moderates and independent voters to their side . The polls in Ohio were fairly even throughout the campaign but Obama had a slight lead as Election Day drew closer . In the end , Obama flipped Ohio into the Democratic column .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "900ae894ee3e832df2399de4049c63c6", "text": "Crime in Washington, D.C. Crime in Washington , D.C. , is directly related to the city 's changing demographics , geography , and unique criminal justice system . The District 's population reached a peak of 982,178 in 1950 . However , shortly thereafter , the city began losing residents and by 1980 Washington had lost one-quarter of its population . The population loss to the suburbs also created a new demographic pattern , which divided affluent neighborhoods west of Rock Creek Park from more crime-ridden and blighted areas to the east . Despite being the headquarters of multiple federal law enforcement agencies , such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation ( FBI ) and United States Drug Enforcement Administration ( DEA ) , the nationwide crack epidemic of the 1980s and 1990s greatly affected the city and led to large increases in crime . The number of homicides in Washington peaked in 1991 at 897 ( a rate of nearly 60.8 homicides per 100,000 residents ) , and the city eventually became known as the `` murder capital '' of the United States . The crime rate started to fall in the mid-1990s as the crack cocaine epidemic gave way to economic revitalization projects . Gentrification efforts have also started to transform the demographics of distressed neighborhoods , recently leading to the first rise in the District 's population in 60 years . By the mid-2000s , crime rates in Washington dropped to their lowest levels in over 20 years . As in many major cities , crime remains a significant factor in D.C. , especially in the city 's northwestern neighborhoods , which tend to be more affluent , draw more tourists , and have more vibrant nightlife . Violent crime also remains a problem in Ward 8 , which has the city 's highest concentration of poverty .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "d102d7c0d37ddf0e6f49e6343453b386", "text": "Amelia Earhart Amelia Mary Earhart ( -LSB- ˈɛərhɑrt -RSB- July 24 , 1897 -- disappeared July 2 , 1937 ) was an American aviation pioneer and author . Earhart was the first female aviator to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean . She received the U.S. Distinguished Flying Cross for this accomplishment . She set many other records , wrote best-selling books about her flying experiences and was instrumental in the formation of The Ninety-Nines , an organization for female pilots . In 1935 , Earhart became a visiting faculty member at Purdue University as an advisor to aeronautical engineering and a career counselor to women students . She was also a member of the National Woman 's Party and an early supporter of the Equal Rights Amendment . During an attempt to make a circumnavigational flight of the globe in 1937 in a Purdue-funded Lockheed Model 10 Electra , Earhart disappeared over the central Pacific Ocean near Howland Island . Fascination with her life , career and disappearance continues to this day .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "5b8fa0a03c9c6b3d95d6903ce043db1f", "text": "Peggy Anderson Peggy Anderson ( July 14 , 1938 -- January 17 , 2016 ) was an American author and journalist , best known for her 1979 work Nurse , which profiled the work of a nurse and sold millions of copies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c1333fcc07dac0ba135b10eaec01a99", "text": "Gift from the Sea Gift from the Sea is a book by Anne Morrow Lindbergh first published in 1955 . While on vacation on Florida 's Captiva Island in the early 1950s , Lindbergh wrote the essay-style work by taking shells on the beach for inspiration and reflecting on the lives of Americans , particularly American women , in the mid-20th century . She shares her meditations on youth and age , love and marriage , peace , solitude , and contentment during her visit .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7009d21d9ffcddb3b35ebd03e2d75d80", "text": "Lindbergh Boom The Lindbergh Boom ( 1927 -- 1929 ) is a period of rapid interest in aviation following the awarding of the Orteig Prize to Charles Lindbergh for his 1927 non-stop solo transatlantic flight in the Spirit of St. Louis . The Lindbergh Boom occurred during the interwar period between World War I and World War II , where aviation development was fueled by commercial interests rather than wartime necessity . During this period , dozens of companies were formed to create airlines , and aircraft for a new age in aviation . Many of the fledgling companies funded by stock went under as quick as they started as the stock that capitalized them plummeted in value following the Wall Street Crash of 1929 . The Great Depression dried up the market for new aircraft , causing many aircraft companies to go into bankruptcy or get consolidated by larger entities . Air racing , record attempts , and barnstorming remained popular , as aviators tried to recapture the prizes and publicity of Lindbergh 's Transatlantic flight .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88814725d15cc0656af82e4b0fa0ffa8", "text": "Raymond Carhart Raymond T Carhart was an audiologist . As a founder and pioneer of the science , he is frequently referred to as the `` Father of Audiology . '' Carhart was born on March 28 , 1912 , in Mexico City . He studied at Dakota Wesleyan University ( BA in Speech and Psychology , 1932 ) , and at Northwestern University ( MA , 1934 , and PhD , 1936 , in Speech Pathology , Experimental Phonetics and Psychology ) . He remained at Northwestern until 1944 , first as Instructor in Speech Re-education and later as Assistant ( 1940 ) and Associate ( 1943 ) Professor . He joined the US Army Medical Administrative Corps in 1944 , working in Butler , Pennsylvania until 1946 . He returned to Northwestern in 1947 , where he remained until his death in 1975 . `` Carhart notch effect '' is a decrease in the bone-conduction hearing at the 2000 Hz region of patients with otosclerosis first reported by and therefore named after Raymond Carhart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e3ebcb1096d2a0f6b384413590782586", "text": "Harriet Bates Harriet Leonora Bates ( 1856 -- 1886 ) was an American poet and novelist . She wrote under the name of Eleanor Putnam .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "182d31731fc63f52112b7acd46916ff5", "text": "Elvy Kalep Alviine-Johanna Kalep ( 26 June 1899 -- 15 August 1989 ) , known as Elvy Kalep , was an Estonian aviator and the country 's first female pilot , as well as an artist , toy designer and a one-time children 's author . Kalep grew up in Estonia and Russia , and subsequently moved to China to escape the Russian Civil War . She worked briefly as an interpreter for military officials in China before settling in Paris to study art with Alexandre Jacovleff . In 1931 , she qualified as a pilot in Germany , becoming the first Estonian female pilot . Befriending American aviator Amelia Earhart , she joined the Ninety-Nines and took up the cause of encouraging other women to take up aviation . She wrote and illustrated a children 's book about flying , Air Babies , which was first published in 1936 . After settling in the United States , Kalep founded a toy manufacturing business in New York . Although she was forced to close the business in 1946 due to her poor health , she made a living through the 1950s by selling patents to toy designs to larger businesses . In later decades , she created artworks out of leather , which she exhibited across the United States . She died in Florida in 1989 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3aef3fa0d4e4dd4948deb73487e5bc4e", "text": "Andre Norton bibliography These works were written or edited by the American fiction writer Andre Norton ( Andre Alice Norton , born Alice Mary Norton , 1912 -- 2005 ) . Before 1960 she used the pen name Andrew North several times and , jointly with Grace Allen Hogarth , Allen Weston once . Norton is known best for science-fiction and fantasy , or speculative fiction , a field where her work was first published in the 1950s . She also wrote crime fiction , romantic fiction , and historical fiction , mainly before 1960 . The term non-genre distinguishes that other work here , which expresses the perspective of the Internet Speculative Fiction Database ( ISFDB ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "44a099bb0f50ba91e61ed76e2a2073be", "text": "Shelby Hearon Shelby Hearon ( born January 18 , 1931 ) is an American novelist and short story writer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d4b359862450a7cf88cacc628c98e95", "text": "Bookwriter The bookwriter is the member of a musical 's writing team who creates the book -- the musical 's plot , character development , and dramatic structure . Essentially , the bookwriter is the playwright of the musical . He or she works very closely in collaboration with the lyricist and composer to create an integrated piece of drama . There is a common misconception that the bookwriter merely writes the dialogue ; though the book does include the musical 's spoken text , it is much more than that , defining and organizing the dramatic action of the entire piece , including action that is musicalized by the songwriter ( s ) . Even `` sung-through , '' `` operatic , '' or `` through-composed '' musicals , where there is little , if any , spoken text , require as much contribution from a bookwriter as do musicals with extensive dialogue scenes . The bookwriter is often also the musical 's lyricist , composer , or director . Category : Occupations in music", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e91b04568681897a24ac1d9b0e01907", "text": "Amelia Fletcher Amelia Fletcher , OBE ( born 1 January 1966 ) is a British singer , songwriter , guitarist and economist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8523fbc097695fa2cfb8a4f862786f74", "text": "Harriet Ann Jacobs Harriet Ann Jacobs ( February 11 , 1813 -- March 7 , 1897 ) was an African-American writer who escaped from slavery and was later freed . She became an abolitionist speaker and reformer . Jacobs wrote an autobiographical novel , Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl , first serialized in a newspaper and published as a book in 1861 under the pseudonym Linda Brent . It was a reworking of the genres of slave narrative and sentimental novel , and was one of the first books to address the struggle for freedom by female slaves , explore their struggles with sexual harassment abuse , and their effort to protect their roles as women and mothers . After being overshadowed by the Civil War , the novel was rediscovered in the late 20th century , when there was new interest in minority and women writers . One scholar researched the novel , identifying Harriet Jacobs as the author and documenting many events and people in her life that corresponded to this fictionalized , autobiographical account .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cbc520a79964e56fc7f0a4423933768d", "text": "Earhart Earhart is a surname . Notable people with the surname include : Amelia Earhart ( 1897 -- disappeared 1937 ) , American aviation pioneer and author Daniel S. Earhart ( 1907 -- 1976 ) , U.S. Representative from Ohio Fred A. Earhart , acting mayor of New Orleans for one day on July 15 , 1936 Harry Boyd Earhart ( 1870 -- 1954 ) , successful oil company executive Ralph Earhart , former halfback in the National Football League Will Earhart ( 1871 -- 1960 ) , pioneering American music educator", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd4a55dd3fbf3808e9722ab197c398a6", "text": "Blair Niles Mary Blair Rice , better known by the pen name Blair Niles ( 1880 -- 1959 ) was an American novelist and travel writer . She was a founding member of the Society of Woman Geographers . The name Blair Niles was adopted from her late second husband 's name , Robert Niles , Jr. .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e013eb436c80d4a345c44f2429048dc", "text": "Harriet A. Washington Harriet A. Washington is an American writer . She is the author of the book Medical Apartheid , which won the 2007 National Book Critics Circle Award for Nonfiction . Washington was born in Fort Dix , New Jersey . She is a graduate of the University of Rochester and of Columbia University .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c06dcdb2dd9d301fd3fa7e3be8f57beb", "text": "Ear Candy (Helen Reddy album) Ear Candy is the title of the tenth album release by Australian-American pop singer Helen Reddy : released May 1977 by Capitol Records , the album included a modern take on the doo-wop genre ( `` Long Distance Love '' ) , a Cajun number that gave the Melbourne native her first and only appearance on Billboard magazine 's Country chart ( `` Laissez les Bontemps Rouler '' ) , and a dark self-parody on which Reddy proclaims : `` I do n't take no shit from nobody '' ( `` Baby , I 'm a Star '' - not to be confused with the Prince song of the same name ) . Unprecedented for a Helen Reddy album , half of the songs recorded for Ear Candy were co-written by Reddy herself , including the second single : `` The Happy Girls '' , Reddy 's first self-penned A-side single since `` I am Woman '' : however it was the first single : a remake of the 1964 Cilla Black hit `` You 're My World '' , which would afford Reddy a final Top 40 hit . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c101c419b742666d0f8fe7229c0a23b6", "text": "American poetry american ' poetry '' ' , the poetry of the United States , arose first as efforts by colonists to add their voices to English poetry in the 17th century , well before the constitutional unification of the thirteen colonies ( although before this unification , a strong oral tradition often likened to poetry existed among Native American societies ) . Unsurprisingly , most of the early colonists ' work relied on contemporary British models of poetic form , diction , and theme . However , in the 19th century , a distinctive American idiom began to emerge . By the later part of that century , when Walt Whitman was winning an enthusiastic audience abroad , poets from the United States had begun to take their place at the forefront of the English-language avant-garde '' . The history of American poetry is not easy to know . Much of the American poetry published between 1910 and 1945 remains lost in the pages of small circulation political periodicals , particularly the ones on the far left , destroyed by librarians during the 1950s McCarthy era . The received narrative of Modernism proposes that Ezra Pound and T. S. Eliot were perhaps the most influential modernist English-language poets in the period during World War I . But this narrative leaves out African American and women poets who were published and read widely in the first half of the twentieth century . By the 1960s , the young poets of the British Poetry Revival looked to their American contemporaries and predecessors as models for the kind of poetry they wanted to write . Toward the end of the millennium , consideration of American poetry had diversified , as scholars placed an increased emphasis on poetry by women , African Americans , Hispanics , Chicanos and other cultural groupings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "018030b5cdc597a90366452b05fa9ca3", "text": "Geert R. A. Kliphuis Geert Richt Alexander Kliphuis is an author , songwriter and guitarist , born in the Netherlands in 1955 , and currently living in Brussels , Belgium . His father was the art therapist Maks Kliphuis ( 1923-2015 ) , as a teacher one of the driving forces behind Middeloo , the social-pedagogic training centre for therapists in Amersfoort , the Netherlands , and later head of the department of creative process therapy -LSB- 1 -RSB- at the Jelgersma Kliniek of Leiden University . Kliphuis 's mother , who died in 1964 , was Nel van der Velde , a drama teacher , radio presenter and author of children 's books , and poetry and fiction for adults . ( Het Kleinere Werk and Het Grotere Werk were published posthumously in 2008/2009 by the Erven Nel Kliphuis-Van der Velde . ) Working as a street-musician in Brussels , the former West-Berlin , Barcelona , Hamburg , London and Paris during the 1970s and 1980s , Kliphuis wrote an extensive series of short travel stories for NRC Handelsblad , the national newspaper published in Rotterdam . He applied the same format for his songs : concise observations with a tragicomical undercurrent . The Belgian band Vaya Con Dios recorded his At the Parallel -LSB- 2 -RSB- , to great critical acclaim , and On A Hot August Night -LSB- 3 -RSB- . Using the pseudonym Jay Conrad , Kliphuis recorded a twenty-odd songs on two albums , A Penniless Gentleman ( 1994 , BMG ) and Steeltown Girls ( 1997 , Arcade ) . In all , Kliphuis has written close to 70 songs , all registered at SABAM . These days he writes novels , such as The Mirror City -LSB- 4 -RSB- , and publishes Zeitgeist Letters -LSB- 5 -RSB- , a non-profit online magazine about medieval Arabic science and philosophy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "058f01145e80376d17652163bb5f7159", "text": "Roberta Helmer Roberta Helmer ( born July 19 in Dayton , Ohio , U.S.A. ) , under her pseudonym Christina Skye , is the best-selling American author of more than thirty-two novels in a variety of genres : romantic suspense , paranormal romance , as well as contemporary and historical romances . Many of her books have appeared on the USAToday and New York Times bestseller lists and the Publishers Weekly bestseller list . Her books have been translated into ten languages . Under her own name Helmer has written five non-fiction books about the classical Chinese puppet theater and traditional Chinese folk arts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8e57f44a571e42172e4cc4d65d1c08e", "text": "Strange fits of passion have I known `` Strange fits of passion have I known '' is a seven-stanza poem ballad by the English Romantic poet William Wordsworth . Composed during a sojourn in Germany in 1798 , the poem was first published in the second edition of Lyrical Ballads ( 1800 ) . The poem describes the poet 's trip to his beloved Lucy 's cottage , and his thoughts on the way . Each of its seven stanzas is four lines long and has a rhyming scheme of a-b-a-b . The poem is written in iambic tetrameter and iambic trimeter . In the poem , the speaker narrates a nighttime ride to the cottage of his beloved Lucy , who always looks as `` fresh as a rose in June '' . The speaker begins by saying that he has experienced `` strange fits of passion '' and will recount them only to another lover ( `` in the Lover 's ear alone , / What once to me befell . '' ) . In the five following stanzas , he recounts how he wended his way on horseback `` beneath an evening-moon '' . He crossed a lea , passed through an orchard , and began to climb a hill , atop which was Lucy 's cottage . As he `` came near , and nearer still '' to `` Lucy 's cot '' , the sinking moon appeared to follow suit . As he closely approaches the cottage , the moon vanishes from sight behind the roof . A morbid thought rises unbidden to the speaker 's mind : `` O mercy ! '' he thinks . `` If Lucy should be dead ! '' `` Strange fits of passion have I known '' is simple in form but complex in content . The dramatic first stanza ( the speaker `` will dare to tell '' of his `` strange fits of passion , '' but `` in the Lover 's ear alone '' ) quickly captivates the reader . Wordsworth then creates tension by juxtaposing the sinking moon and the approaching rider , the familiar landscape with the speaker 's strange , dreamy feelings . It is uncertain whether the Lucy of the poem was based on a historical person or was a creation of Wordsworth 's fertile imagination . If she is real , her surname and identity are unknown , though they have been the subject of much `` diligent speculation '' in literary circles . `` The one certainty is that she is not the girl of Wordsworth 's Lucy Gray . '' An earlier version of this poem ended with an extra verse : I told her this : her laughter light Is ringing in my ears : And when I think upon that night My eyes are dim with tears .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a24aa192192d06bd564195143582c9c", "text": "Earhart Hall Earhart Hall is one of the sixteen residential halls within Purdue University , located on 1275 First Street facing First Street Tower and behind Shreve Hall . It is officially named after the famous aviator Amelia Earhart . It is one of the many co-ed residence halls at Purdue . The official club of Earhart Hall is known as The Itasca Club , which was named after the ship that last heard from Amelia Earhart .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "a372fe9c3cbd8aac0cb4088e7c3986c2", "text": "Blue Velvet (film) Blue Velvet is a 1986 American neo-noir mystery film , written and directed by David Lynch . Blending psychological horror with film noir , the film stars Kyle MacLachlan , Isabella Rossellini , Dennis Hopper and Laura Dern . The title is taken from Bobby Vinton 's 1963 song of the same name . The screenplay of Blue Velvet had been passed around multiple times in the late 1970s and early 1980s , with many major studios declining it because of its strong sexual and violent content . After the commercial and critical failure of Lynch 's Dune ( 1984 ) , the director made attempts at developing a more `` personal story '' , somewhat characteristic of the surrealist style displayed in his debut Eraserhead ( 1977 ) . The independent studio De Laurentiis Entertainment Group , owned at the time by Italian film producer Dino De Laurentiis , agreed to finance and produce the film . Blue Velvet initially received a divided critical response , with many stating that its objectionable content served little artistic purpose . It nevertheless earned Lynch his second Academy Award nomination for Best Director and came to achieve cult status . As an example of a director casting against the norm , it was credited for re-launching Hopper 's career and for providing Rossellini with a dramatic outlet beyond her previous work as a fashion model and a cosmetics spokeswoman . In the years since , the film has generated significant academic attention with regard to its thematic symbolism , and is now widely regarded as one of Lynch 's major works and one of the greatest films of the 1980s . Publications including Sight & Sound , Time , Entertainment Weekly and BBC Magazine have ranked it among the greatest American films of all time . In 2008 , Blue Velvet was chosen by the American Film Institute as one of the greatest American mystery films ever made .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a34a1758a3d5ed9fa6f4ba5d87e10994", "text": "Laura Dern Laura Elizabeth Dern ( born February 10 , 1967 ) is an American actress . For her performance in the 1991 film Rambling Rose , she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress , while for her performance in the 2014 film Wild , she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress . Her other film roles include Mask ( 1985 ) , Smooth Talk ( 1985 ) , Blue Velvet ( 1986 ) , Wild at Heart ( 1990 ) , Jurassic Park ( 1993 ) , Citizen Ruth ( 1996 ) , October Sky ( 1999 ) , I Am Sam ( 2001 ) , Inland Empire ( 2006 ) , The Master ( 2012 ) , The Fault in Our Stars ( 2014 ) , and Star Wars : The Last Jedi ( 2017 ) . Dern won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress -- Miniseries or Television Film for the 1992 film Afterburn , and guest starred in the 1997 `` Puppy Episode '' of the sitcom Ellen . She went on to win the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress on Television for her portrayal of Florida Secretary of State Katherine Harris in the 2008 TV film Recount , and the 2012 Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Musical or Comedy Series for her role as Amy Jellicoe in HBO 's Enlightened ( 2011 -- 13 ) . She is known for her collaborations with filmmaker David Lynch , having appeared in three of his films and the revival of Twin Peaks .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "c999d840c5a85958dd92b1e65b350a8a", "text": "Alektra Blue Alektra Blue ( born June 9 , 1983 ) is an American pornographic actress and model . She was the Penthouse Pet of the Month for April 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "884b7b400a5b187527696ce5688b8ca5", "text": "Cynthia Sikes Cynthia Lee Sikes ( born January 2 , 1954 ) is an American actress known primarily for her television roles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f348c41dc51af06b35f9e7265615ba6e", "text": "Suzanne Friedline Suzanne Friedline ( Born January 14 , 1970 ) is an American actress and voice artist . She has appeared in numerous movies and TV series , as well as in theater dramas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74c8b11fc5f85aee25ccdc2c582f5574", "text": "Claudia Wells Claudia Grace Wells ( born July 5 , 1966 ) is an American actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a66ce86f9dd86f1c65a92d376c9f930c", "text": "Dana Syslová Dana Syslová ( born November 11 , 1945 ) is a Czech actress . She starred in the film Operace Silver A under director Jiří Strach in 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a24a14a1049e0e4216e4cdc0ec63b82", "text": "Dana Eskelson Dana Erika Eskelson ( born February 6 , 1965 in Dallas , Texas ) is an American television , film , and theatre actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c10eac23d692612e50d3877f59a461d", "text": "Liz Sheridan Elizabeth Ann Sheridan ( born April 10 , 1929 ) is an American actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "95aaa148fb2d26278f6c3a85a92ad445", "text": "Poppy Montgomery Poppy Montgomery ( born Poppy Petal Emma Elizabeth Deveraux Donaghue ; 19 June 1972 ) is an Australian-American actress . She played FBI agent Samantha Spade on the CBS mystery drama Without a Trace from 2002 to 2009 , and played Detective Carrie Wells on the CBS/A & E police drama Unforgettable from 2011 to 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fccc0821864bb5a1b6a24813e578f097", "text": "Ashley Blue Ashley Blue ( born Oriana Small July 8 , 1981 ) is an American radio personality , writer , and former pornographic actress . She currently hosts her own Vivid Radio show and writes for Hustler magazine .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d0ac1f0b645852ad5134f1d18ee00fc8", "text": "Blue Velvet (song) `` Blue Velvet '' is a popular song written and composed in 1950 by Bernie Wayne and Lee Morris . A top 20 hit for Tony Bennett in its original 1951 version , the song has since been re-recorded many times , with a 1963 version by Bobby Vinton reaching No. 1 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06e8a1a960d6c883817a9af00295d8fe", "text": "Cynda Williams Cynda Williams ( born May 17 , 1966 ) is an American television and film actress , singer , songwriter , playwright , author , artistic mentor and activist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ce08be8b36f865e5e9570e9572daa0e", "text": "Jaydy Michel Jaydy Michel Brixon ( -LSB- ˈʝeiði miˈtʃel -RSB- ; born December 20 , 1975 ) is a Mexican actress and fashion model .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c3afc4b1f1a4caa83d5a24ee04950e0", "text": "Kim Criswell Kim Criswell ( born July 19 , 1957 ) is an American musical entertainer and actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "63146f64652b16f9c0cfacad287996cf", "text": "Red Velvet (film) Red Velvet is a 2008 American independent horror film directed by Bruce Dickson and written by Anthony Burns and Joe Moe . The film stars Henry Thomas and Kelli Garner and is the final film of Forrest J Ackerman .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3850a8f6081979380a2e8d3633a77f3c", "text": "Barbara Leigh-Hunt Barbara Leigh-Hunt ( born 14 December 1935 in Bath , Somerset ) is a British actress who has appeared on stage , film , television and radio .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8267feaa9e7289d9d7bf1f3ae7d4d6fd", "text": "Siân Phillips Dame Jane Elizabeth Ailwên Phillips , DBE ( born 14 May 1933 ) , known professionally as Siân Phillips ( -LSB- ˈʃɑːn -RSB- ) , is a Welsh actress , author and singer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ac9bc83246391633e18e8d4c44759c8", "text": "Scarlett Johansson Scarlett Johansson ( -LSB- dʒoʊˈhænsən -RSB- born November 22 , 1984 ) is an American actress , model , and singer . She made her film debut in the fantasy comedy North ( 1994 ) . Johansson subsequently starred in Manny & Lo ( 1996 ) , and garnered further acclaim and prominence with roles in The Horse Whisperer ( 1998 ) and Ghost World ( 2001 ) . She shifted to adult roles with her performances in Girl with a Pearl Earring ( 2003 ) and Lost in Translation ( 2003 ) , for which she won a BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role . Her subsequent films included A Love Song for Bobby Long ( 2004 ) , Match Point ( 2005 ) , The Island ( 2005 ) , The Black Dahlia ( 2006 ) , The Prestige ( 2006 ) , The Other Boleyn Girl ( 2008 ) , Vicky Cristina Barcelona ( 2008 ) , He 's Just Not That Into You ( 2009 ) , Don Jon ( 2013 ) , Her ( 2013 ) , Under the Skin ( 2013 ) , Lucy ( 2014 ) , The Jungle Book ( 2016 ) , and Ghost in the Shell ( 2017 ) . Since 2008 , Johansson has also portrayed the Marvel Comics character Black Widow in the Marvel Cinematic Universe . She won the Tony Award for Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Play for her performance in the 2010 Broadway revival of A View from the Bridge . As a singer , Johansson has released two albums , Anywhere I Lay My Head ( 2008 ) and Break Up ( 2009 ) . Johansson is considered one of Hollywood 's modern sex symbols , and has frequently appeared in published lists of the sexiest women in the world . , she is the highest-grossing actress of all time in North America , with her films making over $ 3.6 billion . In 2016 , she was the highest-grossing actress , with a $ 1.2 billion total for the year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56b3b50062ab152ec8d21a46816ea3e9", "text": "Beverly Adams Beverly Adams Sassoon ( born November 7 , 1945 ) is a Canadian-born actress and author .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a0ed41e1e9ebf4f20372dfeccfb4b80", "text": "Enuka Okuma Enuka Vanessa Okuma ( -LSB- ɛˈnuːkə_oʊ-ˈkuːmə -RSB- born September 20 , 1976 ) is a Canadian actress , best known for her role as detective Traci Nash in the Global/ABC police drama series , Rookie Blue ( 2010 -- 2015 ) . Okuma is also known for her work on the Canadian television series Madison ( 1994 -- 1998 ) and Sue Thomas : F.B.Eye ( 2002 -- 2005 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4404ee819d03b91692a0011e6f7803d0", "text": "Monte Blue Monte Blue ( born Gerard Montgomery Bluefeather , January 11 , 1887 -- February 18 , 1963 ) was a movie actor who began his career as a romantic leading man in the silent film era , and later progressed to character roles .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "c55e33d5f5a95c5ed7cdf85b5c89ad06", "text": "Cricket Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of eleven players on a cricket field , at the centre of which is a rectangular 22-yard-long pitch with a wicket ( a set of three wooden stumps ) at each end . One team bats , attempting to score as many runs as possible , whilst their opponents field . Each phase of play is called an innings . After either ten batsmen have been dismissed or a fixed number of overs have been completed , the innings ends and the two teams then swap roles . The winning team is the one that scores the most runs , including any extras gained , during their innings . At the start of each game , two batsmen and eleven fielders enter the field of play . The play begins when a member of the fielding team , known as the bowler , delivers the ball from one end of the pitch to the other , towards the wicket at that end , in front of which stands one of the batsmen , known as the striker . The striker `` takes guard '' on a crease drawn on the pitch four feet in front of the wicket . His role is to prevent the ball from hitting the stumps by use of his bat , and simultaneously to strike it well enough to score runs . The other batsman , known as the non-striker , waits at the opposite end of the pitch near the bowler . A dismissed batsman must leave the field , and a teammate replaces him . The bowler 's objectives are to prevent the scoring of runs and to dismiss the batsman . An over is a set of six deliveries bowled by the same bowler . The next over is bowled from the other end of the pitch by a different bowler . The most common forms of dismissal are bowled , when the bowler hits the stumps directly with the ball ; leg before wicket , when the batsman prevents the ball from hitting the stumps with his body instead of his bat ; and caught , when the batsman hits the ball into the air and it is intercepted by a fielder before touching the ground . Runs are scored by two main methods : either by hitting the ball hard enough for it to cross the boundary , or by the two batsmen swapping ends by each simultaneously running the length of the pitch in opposite directions whilst the fielders are retrieving the ball . If a fielder retrieves the ball quickly enough to put down the wicket with a batsman not having reached the crease at that end of the pitch , that batsman is dismissed ( a run-out occurs ) . Adjudication is performed on the field by two umpires . The laws of cricket are maintained by the International Cricket Council ( ICC ) and the Marylebone Cricket Club ( MCC ) . There are various formats ranging from Twenty20 , played over a few hours with each team having a single innings of 20 overs ( i.e. 120 deliveries ) , to Test cricket , played over five days with unlimited overs and the teams playing two innings apiece . Traditionally cricketers play in all-white kit , but in limited overs cricket they wear club or team colours . In addition to the basic kit , some players wear protective gear to prevent injury caused by the ball , which is a hard , solid object made of compressed leather enclosing a cork core . Although cricket 's origins are uncertain , it is first recorded in south-east England in the 16th century . It spread globally with the expansion of the British Empire , leading to the first international matches in the mid-19th century . ICC , the game 's governing body , has over 100 members , ten of which are full members who play Test cricket . The sport is followed primarily in Australasia , Britain , the Indian subcontinent , southern Africa and the West Indies . Women 's cricket , which is organised and played separately , has also achieved international standard .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "f67324c7b421f12278d6164396ceb876", "text": "List of Sussex County Cricket Club grounds Sussex County Cricket Club is one of the 18 member clubs of the English County Championship , representing the historic county of Sussex . Although Sussex representative sides had been playing cricket since the mid-eighteenth century and had also played first-class cricket matches since 1815 , the County Cricket Club was established on 1 March 1839 . They have played first-class matches since 1839 , List A matches since 1963 , and Twenty20 matches since 2003 . Unlike most professional sports , in which a team usually has a single fixed home ground , county cricket clubs have traditionally used different grounds in various towns and cities within the county for home matches , although the use of minor `` out grounds '' away from the club 's main headquarters has diminished since the 1980s . In total , Sussex have played first-class , List A and Twenty20 cricket at 17 different grounds across the county . The club 's first fixture was played at the Royal New Ground , Brighton . The ground was Sussex 's main ground until 1848 , when the Royal Brunswick Ground in Brunswick , Hove became the main ground . In 1872 , the land of the Royal Brunswick Ground was required for the expansion of the town , so the club relocated to the County Ground , which continues to be the main ground for Sussex Cricket Club . The County Ground was the venue where Sussex claimed the 2003 and 2007 County Championships . It is also the only ground in Sussex to have hosted international cricket ; in the 1999 World Cup , a One Day International between India and South Africa was played at the ground . In 1849 , the club used a venue outside Brighton for the first time , when they played a first-class match at Petworth Park New Ground ; the match against Surrey is notable for being one of Sussex 's lowest aggregate scoring matches of all time , with only 287 runs scored . It was also the only time that Petworth Park hosted a Sussex match . Sussex have frequently used out grounds to host some of their matches , typically as part of cricket festivals . In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries , their main out grounds were the Central Recreation Ground in Hastings , The Saffrons in Eastbourne , the Cricket Field Road Ground in Horsham , and the Arundel Castle Cricket Ground ( from 1972 ) . After the Central Recreation Ground was demolished in 1996 , Sussex also played two List A matches at Horntye Park , Hastings ' other cricket ground . Eastbourne cancelled its proposed fixture in 2001 , and has not hosted a match since , whilst Horsham was not awarded any matches for the 2016 season , due to financial difficulties . The County Ground and Arundel Castle are the only two grounds to have hosted Sussex Twenty20 matches , and were also the only two grounds which host Sussex matches in the 2016 season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f723f3cfbbaecccd34ae09dd0f23a8dd", "text": "Commonwealth XI cricket team The Commonwealth XI cricket team played over 100 first-class cricket matches from 1949 to 1968 . The team started out as a side made up of mostly English , Australian and West Indian cricketers , that toured the subcontinent but later on played first-class fixtures in England . They also toured South Africa and Rhodesia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b6885710cab44be085da550900cf4e4", "text": "Follow-on In cricket , a follow-on is where the team that bats second is forced to take its second batting innings immediately after its first , because the team was not able to get close enough to the score achieved by the first team batting in the first innings . If the second team to bat scores substantially fewer runs than the first team , the first team have the option of enforcing the follow-on , that is , instructing the second team to bat again immediately . In this case the sequence of batting innings will be first team , second team , second team and then , if required , the first team again . This is in contrast to the normal progression of batting innings which is first team , second team , first team , second team . The first team may choose not to enforce the follow-on , and bat themselves instead . The rules governing the circumstances in which the follow-on may be enforced are found in Law 13 of the Laws of Cricket .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fdb0547bb4e4f0bebe2896a6567594d0", "text": "Overview of English cricket (1816–1863) This article presents an overview of English cricket from 1816 to 1863 . For more detailed coverage of the period , see the series of season reviews in : Category : English cricket seasons from 1816 to 1863 . Although the article mentions some events in other countries , these are connected with the introduction of cricket from England and into those countries . For additional information about the development of the game in the main cricket-playing countries outside England during the period , see : History of Australian cricket to 1876 History of Canadian cricket History of cricket in India to 1918 History of cricket in New Zealand to 1890 History of cricket in South Africa to 1918 History of cricket in Sri Lanka History of United States cricket History of cricket in the West Indies to 1918 The Napoleonic Wars had deprived cricket of investment and manpower , particularly after 1810 as the conflict in the Peninsular War reached its height and the invasion of France followed . A recovery began in 1815 , the year of the Battle of Waterloo , and a more widespread return to normality can be observed from 1816 , although it was not until 1825 that inter-county matches were resurrected when Kent played Sussex .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "77795bb5ea23b96cb835145d81f02252", "text": "1788 English cricket season In the 1788 English cricket season , the recently formed Marylebone Cricket Club ( MCC ) became the game 's lawgiver . On Friday , 30 May , a revised set of the Laws of cricket was issued by the `` Cricket Club at Marylebone '' , formerly the White Conduit Club . This action confirmed MCC as the body in sole charge of the Laws . Four weeks later , the two clubs played each other at Lord 's Old Ground in the earliest match featuring MCC to leave a surviving scorecard .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "76cb02b6ffc9af5e8c2496f4dad049de", "text": "MCCA Knockout Trophy The Minor Counties Cricket Association Knockout Cup was started in 1983 as a knockout one-day competition for the Minor Counties in English cricket . At first it was known as the English Industrial Estates Cup , before being called the Minor Counties Knock Out Competition from 1986 to 1987 , the Holt Cup from 1988 to 1992 , the MCC Trophy from 1993 to 1998 , the ECB 38-County Cup from 1999 to 2002 , the MCCA Knockout Trophy from 2003 to 2005 . It has been called the MCCA Trophy since 2006 . From 1998 to 2002 , the competition was contested by 38 teams . The traditional Minor counties , plus Huntingdonshire and the `` cricket boards '' of the 18 first-class counties , as well as a Channel Islands team . The 2002 competition , which was won by the Warwickshire Cricket Board , remains the only time a non-Minor county has won the competition . This format was discontinued after 2002 and the competition is again a purely Minor counties affair . The most successful Counties are Devon and Norfolk , who have won the competition 5 times . The current champion is Herefordshire who defeated Staffordshire in the 2016 final by 56 runs at Wormsley Park , Ibstone .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a59514b2b2ae54a2cdf90583ba924b3f", "text": "List of Manchester Cricket Club players This is a complete list in alphabetical order of cricketers who played for Manchester in important matches prior to the foundation of Lancashire County Cricket Club in 1864 . Some of the teams fielded by Manchester were styled Lancashire and its players in those matches are included here . Manchester is classified as an important team by substantial sources from 1844 to 1864 . The details are the player 's usual name followed by the years in which he was active as a Manchester/Lancashire player and then his name is given as it appears on match scorecards ( i.e. , usually his surname preceded by all initials ) . Note that many players represented other important teams besides Manchester and that several played for the county club from 1865 , at which time Manchester ceased to be an important team .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef5091ca5fdea14508436c12bf48bf79", "text": "List of Bermudian first-class cricketers This is a list of Bermudian first-class cricketers . First-class cricket matches are those between international teams or the highest standard of domestic teams in which teams have two innings each . Generally , matches are eleven players a side but there have been exceptions . Today , all matches must be scheduled to have at least three days ' duration ; historically , matches were played to a finish with no pre-defined timespan . This list is not limited to those who have played first-class cricket for Bermuda and may include Bermudian players who played their first-class cricket elsewhere . The list is in alphabetical order .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7fdfafb1be5676ca34f9bec8244df30b", "text": "Association of Cricket Statisticians and Historians The Association of Cricket Statisticians and Historians ( ACS ) was founded in England in 1973 for the purpose of researching and collating information about the history and statistics of cricket . Originally called the Association of Cricket Statisticians , the words `` and Historians '' were added in 1993 but it has continued to use the initialism ACS . The ACS headquarters were formerly in Nottingham , opposite Trent Bridge Cricket Ground , but since 2006 it has been run from three locations in Cardiff , Haywards Heath and Tickhill ( previously Scredington 2006 -- 2015 and Pevensey 2015-2016 ) . The Cardiff postal address is listed on the website . Although constituted in England , the ACS has a worldwide membership and is open to anyone with a relevant interest . The membership in 2015 numbered 1,047 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74a0bfbf14a261c8705ed9ea6ab1495c", "text": "Australian cricket team in Australia in 1958–59 The 1958-59 Australians defeated the touring England team 4-0 in the 1958-59 Ashes series . They were seen by the English press as having little chance of winning the series against the powerful England touring team . They had only one recognised great player , Neil Harvey and had lost the fast bowling combination of Ray Lindwall and Keith Miller and the other veterans of Don Bradman 's Invincible 1948 team . There were , however , signs of recovery to those who would see them and E.W. Swanton believed that on their home ground Australia would be a shade better than England . The best indication of the forthcoming series was the M.C.C. and Australian tours of South Africa in 1956-57 and 1957-58 . South Africa had a strong team in the 1950s , stunning the cricketing world by drawing 2-2 in Australia in 1953-54 , losing 3-2 in the closely fought 1955 series in England and fighting back from a 2-0 deficit to draw 2-2 with Peter May 's England in 1956-57 . In 1957-58 Ian Craig led a team labelled as the weakest to leave Australia to a 3-0 victory over the Springboks with Richie Benaud , Alan Davidson , Wally Grout , Ken Mackay , Colin McDonald , Jim Burke and Lindsay Kline all in fine form . Norm O'Neill was not taken on tour , but struck innings of 175 in three hours and 233 in four hours in successive games against Victoria and was regarded as the `` New Bradman '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4968ee8de86ecd14870dfb36221bef8c", "text": "Chris Broad Brian Christopher `` Chris '' Broad ( born 1957 ) is a former English cricketer and broadcaster who currently serves as a cricket official . As an opening batsman , he played 26 Test matches for England and scored six centuries , together with 34 One Day International matches with a respectable over 40 average . He is known largely for his feats during the 1986/87 Ashes series where he hit three centuries in consecutive Tests , and for his fiery demeanour at the crease . Broad 's children are both involved in cricket . His son Stuart is a fast bowler who , like his father , represents both England and Nottinghamshire , while his daughter Gemma is a performance analyst with England 's One-Day squad . Cricket correspondent Colin Bateman noted , `` Chris Broad pressed the self-destruct button on a career that promised so much . His lack of self-control at the crease brought a sad end to his reign as England opener at the age of 30 , when he should have been enjoying his prime years . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ea189691f6e90d4642994e0533e41c9", "text": "Crickets as pets Keeping crickets as pets emerged in China in early antiquity . Initially , crickets were kept for their `` songs '' ( stridulation ) . In the early 12th century the Chinese people began holding cricket fights.Yutaka Suga , p. 79 , discusses another theory dating cricket fights to the 8th century . However , the earliest reliable evidence is dated 12th century . Throughout the Imperial era the Chinese also kept pet cicadas and grasshoppers , but crickets were the favorites in the Forbidden City and with the commoners alike . The art of selecting and breeding the finest fighting crickets was perfected during the Qing dynasty and remained a monopoly of the imperial court until the beginning of the 19th century . The Imperial patronage promoted the art of making elaborate cricket containers and individual cricket homes . Traditional Chinese cricket homes come in three distinct shapes : wooden cages , ceramic jars , and gourds . Cages are used primarily for trapping and transportation . Gourds and ceramic jars are used as permanent cricket homes in winter and summer , respectively . They are treated with special mortar to enhance the apparent loudness and tone of a cricket 's song . The imperial gardeners grew custom-shaped molded gourds tailored to each species of cricket . Their trade secrets were lost during the Chinese Civil War and the Cultural Revolution , but crickets remain a favorite pet of the Chinese to the present day . The Japanese pet cricket culture , which emerged at least a thousand years ago , has practically vanished during the 20th century . Chinese cricket culture and cricket-related business is highly seasonal . Trapping crickets in the fields peaks in August and extends into September . The crickets soon end up at the markets of Shanghai and other major cities . Cricket fighting season extends until the end of autumn , overlapping with the Mid-Autumn Festival and the National Day . Chinese breeders are striving to make cricket fighting a year-round pastime , but the seasonal tradition prevails . Modern Western sources recommend keeping pet crickets in transparent jars or small terrariums providing at least two inches of soil for burrowing and containing egg-crate shells or similar objects for shelter . A cricket 's life span is short : Development from an egg to imago takes from one to two months . The imago then lives for around one month . Cricket hobbyists have to frequently replace aging insects with younger ones which are either specifically bred for cricket fighting or caught in the wild . This makes crickets less appealing as pets in Western countries . The speed of growth , coupled with the ease of breeding and raising larvae , makes industrial-grown crickets a preferred and inexpensive food source for pet birds , reptiles , and spiders .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8f595251ea34d98742adebf01a6b8e9f", "text": "Golden Age of cricket The Golden Age of Cricket is a term that has often been applied in cricket literature to the period in English , Australian , and American cricket from the formation of the official County Championship in the 1890 season to the outbreak of World War I , which occurred just before the scheduled end of the 1914 season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ccabd01873779b4be35014a5b21a1da2", "text": "Outfield The outfield is a sporting term used in cricket and baseball to refer to the area of the field of play further from the batsman or batter than the infield , and in association football to players outside the goal .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d33505e52032da326c8bfc5b214af9e", "text": "List of Oxford and Cambridge Universities cricket team players This is a complete list in alphabetical order of cricketers who have played for the combined Oxford and Cambridge Universities cricket team ( OCU ) in top-class matches since 1839 . The team has always had important or first-class status and is classified as an important team by the Association of Cricket Statisticians and Historians and other sources from 1839 to 1894 ; classified as an official first-class team from 1895 by Marylebone Cricket Club ( MCC ) and the County Championship clubs . It has never played a limited overs match so is not classified List A. The team was generally composed of current students but there were four matches between 1874 and 1893 in which it was a Past and Present combination with the title adjusted accordingly . The 41 players who took part in those matches are included in this list . The details are the player 's usual name followed by the years in which he was active as an OCU player and then his name is given as it appears on match scorecards ( i.e. , usually his surname preceded by all initials ) . Note that many players represented other first-class teams besides OCU . The last time the combined team played was in 1992 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "86aa5070be055b6cd4c12972ab994145", "text": "West Indies A cricket team The West Indies A cricket team is a cricket team representing a sporting confederation of the Caribbean countries : Anguilla , Antigua and Barbuda , Barbados , Dominica , Grenada , Guyana , Jamaica , Montserrat , Saint Kitts and Nevis , Saint Lucia , Saint Vincent and the Grenadines , Trinidad and Tobago . The history of the West Indies cricket team began in the 1890s , when the first representative sides were selected to play visiting English sides . From the mid-1970s to the early 1990s the West Indies team was one of the strongest in the world in both Test and One Day International cricket . A number of cricketers considered among the best in the world have hailed from the West Indies ; Gary Sobers , Lance Gibbs , Gordon Greenidge , George Headley , Clive Lloyd , Malcolm Marshall , Andy Roberts and Everton Weekes . Most cricketing nations use their own national flags for cricketing purposes . However , as the West Indies represent a number of independent and dependent states , there is no natural choice of flag . The WICB has therefore developed an insignia showing a palm tree and cricket stumps on a small sunny island.This insignia , on a maroon background , makes up the West Indian flag . The background sometimes has a white stripe above a green stripe , which is separated by a maroon stripe , passing horizontally through the middle of the background . When playing one-day cricket , the Windies wear a maroon shirt , with grey around the sides . The shirt also sports the logo of the West Indian Cricket Board and the name of their sponsors , at present , Digicel . The one-day cap is maroon with the WICB logo on the left of the front , with two yellow stripes separated by a green stripe running vertically on the right of the front . When playing first-class cricket , in addition to their cricket whites , West Indian fielders sometimes wear a sunhat , which is maroon and has a wide brim . The WICB logo is on the middle of the front of the hat . Helmets are coloured similarly .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "343235a84f1c85a5f4405111b9261e27", "text": "History of the England cricket team from 1945", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c6ee1bae7842e1459c62d58b15a8b2ad", "text": "List of England cricket captains This is a list of all English national cricket captains , comprising all of the men , boys and women who have captained an English national cricket team at official international level . England played in the first Test match in 1877 and have played more Test matches , and had more captains , than any other team . In the 19th century , the captains for overseas tours were chosen by the promoters , with James Lillywhite , Alfred Shaw and Arthur Shrewsbury being the main professional promoters . However , some amateur tours went abroad under Lord Harris and Lord Hawke . Home captains were selected by the home ground authority , who often went for their local favourites . For around sixty years , from 1902/3 , the Marylebone Cricket Club took over the organisation of all overseas tours , with the games played being technically by the `` MCC '' rather than `` England '' . They brought with them the tradition of having amateur , rather than professional , captains , and after Shrewsbury there was n't another professional captain until Len Hutton around sixty years later . The amateur/professional distinction was abolished in 1962 , and a new breed of captain in Brian Close and then Ray Illingworth was born . From the mid-1980s until the late 1990s , English cricket was in decline , with the England team suffering many heavy defeats . The desperation was most clear in the `` summer of four captains '' in 1988 , during the West Indies tour of England , when the captaincy started with Mike Gatting , who was sacked after the first Test as a result of a dalliance with a barmaid . He was initially replaced by John Emburey , who lasted just two Tests before being sacked after two consecutive defeats . Chris Cowdrey was appointed amidst accusations of nepotism on the part of chief of selectors Peter May , but sustained an injury in his only Test as captain . Finally , Graham Gooch became England 's fourth captain of the summer . Unsurprisingly , England lost the five-Test series 4 -- 0 . The following year , England faced Australia in the 1989 Ashes series . Gooch did n't remain in his post , with David Gower being brought back as captain . Gower had been an Ashes winning captain back in 1985 , although some people favoured bringing back Mike Gatting who had also won the Ashes as England captain in 1986-1987 . In the event , Gower 's captaincy return was wholly unsuccessful , the 1989 Ashes being lost 4-0 . Graham Gooch was reappointed captain for the subsequent tour to the West Indies and remained in the post until 1993 after the fourth Test against Australia , having failed to win a Test match that year . England 's mixed fortunes continued under Gooch 's successor Mike Atherton . Earmarked early as a future captain , England enjoyed victories over South Africa , India and New Zealand under his premiership although they continued to fare badly against the West Indies and Australia , and the lack of consistent progress led to his resignation at the end of the 1997/98 tour of the West Indies , which England lost 3-1 . Replacement Alec Stewart was sacked after less than a year in the job after another defeat in Australia and a disastrous 1999 Cricket World Cup campaign . The beginning of Nasser Hussain 's captaincy saw England jeered by their own supporters after losing to New Zealand at home in 1999 , but England soon started to enjoy a revival , which continued under Michael Vaughan . England were the only team undefeated in 2004 , and were , as at June 2005 , ranked as the second-best Test nation in the world . Later that summer they regained The Ashes from Australia , having not held them since 1989 . Following Vaughan 's retirement , England were briefly captained by Kevin Pietersen before Andrew Strauss took on the role permanently following Pietersen 's resignation . Strauss became the first captain to lead England to victory in a Test series in Australia since 1987 , as well as taking them to the number one ranking in the summer of 2011 . Strauss announced his resignation and retirement following the relinquishing of the top ranking to South Africa in 2012 , with One Day International captain and Strauss ' deputy Alastair Cook was named as the replacement .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46973078d244d0b2cbdf57b05e6177d2", "text": "History of Test cricket from 1884 to 1889 The history of Test cricket between 1884 and 1889 was one of English dominance over the Australians . England won every Test series that was played . The period also saw the first use of the word `` Test '' to describe a form of cricket when the Press used it in 1885 . It has remained in common usage ever since . In 1883 England had won the first Ashes series by beating Australia 2 -- 1 away , though they had lost a fourth extra Test played at the end of their Australian tour . However , this last Test proved to be a blip as English dominance remained for the rest of the 1880s . Of the 19 England-Australia Tests played in the period from 1884 to 1889 , England won 14 , Australia 3 , with 2 draws . 1889 saw the first English team to tour South Africa . England won both representative matches easily . These matches , and those on the other early English tours of South Africa , were only recognised as Tests retrospectively , the first official tour not taking place till 1905-6 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0255e4d7a7fde6885c2b2bd995a247bf", "text": "Plunket Shield New Zealand has had a domestic first-class cricket championship since the 1906 -- 07 season . Since the 2009-10 season it has been known by its original name of the Plunket Shield .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "9c2818ca21373bf46887e203064b7eb3", "text": "Rabat Rabat ( الرِّبَاط , ; Eṛṛbaṭ , ⴻⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ ) is the capital city of Morocco and its second largest city with an urban population of approximately 580,000 ( 2014 ) and a metropolitan population of over 1.2 million . It is also the capital city of the Eṛṛbaṭ-Sla-Qniṭra administrative region . The city is located on the Atlantic Ocean at the mouth of the river Bou Regreg . On the facing shore of the river lies Salé , the city 's main commuter town . Rabat , Temara , and Salé form a conurbation of over 1.8 million people . Silt-related problems have diminished Rabat 's role as a port ; however , Rabat and Salé still maintain important textile , food processing and construction industries . In addition , tourism and the presence of all foreign embassies in Morocco serve to make Rabat one of the most important cities in the country . Once a reputed corsair haven , Rabat served as one of the many ports in North Africa for the Barbary pirates , who were particularly active from the 16th through the 18th centuries . Rabat is accessible by train through the ONCF system and by plane through the nearby Rabat -- Salé Airport . The Moroccan capital was ranked at second place by CNN in its `` Top Travel Destinations of 2013 '' . It is one of four Imperial cities of Morocco , and the medina of Rabat is listed as a World Heritage Site .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "76c20b5e2ce46e0f6011f2ef6ea4025f", "text": "Ir David Foundation Ir David Foundation , commonly known as Elad -LSB- El ` ad -RSB- ( אלע '' ד , an acronym for '' אל עיר דוד '' , meaning `` to the City of David '' ) is a Jerusalem-based , Israeli association which aims to strengthen the Jewish connection to Jerusalem , create a Jewish majority in Arab neighborhoods of East Jerusalem and renew the Jewish community in the City of David , which is also part of the neighborhood of Silwan . The foundation works to achieve its goals by tourism , education , archaeological excavations and obtaining homes in the area to establish a Jewish presence .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce30bb182bbfb28ca52f16cd532739b0", "text": "Morocco World News Morocco World News is an Arabic , French and English language e-newspaper with its headquarters in New York City . It was founded in 2011 by Samir Bennis and Adnane Bennis . It operates from Rabat in Morocco . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2635d6e5e9835c51d5cf31d4639872ff", "text": "North Africa North Africa is the term given to a group of Mediterranean countries situated in the northern-most region of the African continent . The term `` North Africa '' has no single accepted definition . It is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of Morocco in the west , to the Suez Canal and the Red Sea in the east . Others have limited it to the countries of Morocco , Algeria , and Tunisia , a region known by the French during colonial times as `` Afrique du Nord '' and by the Arabs as the Maghreb ( `` West '' ) . The most commonly accepted definition includes Morocco , Algeria , and Tunisia , as well as Libya and Egypt , It should be noted however that the term `` North Africa '' , when commonly used in North Africa and the Middle East , often refers only to the countries of the Maghreb and Libya . Egypt , due to its greater Middle Eastern associations , is typically viewed separately . The countries of North Africa share a common ethnic , cultural and linguistic identity that is unique to this region . North west Africa has been inhabited by Berbers since the beginning of recorded history , while the eastern part of North Africa has been home to the Egyptians . Following the Muslim conquest in the seventh century C.E. , the region underwent a process of Arabization and Islamization that has defined its cultural landscape ever since . The distinction between North Africa and much of Sub-Saharan Africa is historically and ecologically significant because of the effective barrier created by the Sahara Desert for much of modern history . From 3500 BC , following the abrupt desertification of the Sahara due to gradual changes in the Earth 's orbit , this barrier has culturally separated the North from the rest of the continent . As the seafaring civilizations of the Phoenicians , Greeks , Romans , Muslims and others facilitated communication and migration across the Mediterranean Sea , the cultures of North Africa became much more closely tied to Southwestern Asia and Europe than Sub-Saharan Africa . The Islamic influence in the area is also significant , and North Africa is a major part of the Muslim world . Some researchers have postulated that North Africa rather than East Africa served as the exit point for the modern humans who first trekked out of the continent in the Out of Africa migration .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2bc05b20a81f5f5d510c724c29fa63b6", "text": "Rabbel II Soter Rabel II Soter ( ar-Rabil ) was the last ruler of the Nabataean kingdom , ruling from 70 to 106 . After the death of his father , Malichus II , ar-Rabil still a child , ascended to the throne . His mother , Shaqilath , assumed control of the government in the early years . His sister Gamilath became queen of the Nabataeans . Ar-Rabil gave himself the Greek title `` Soter '' , meaning `` Savior '' , or `` the one who has given life and deliverance to his people '' . After his death in 106 , the Roman emperor Trajan faced practically no resistance and conquered the kingdom on 22 March 106 . It became the Roman province of Arabia Petraea , with Bosra becoming its provincial capital .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e67597128ea16cb18956a8e67f8957d", "text": "Sidi Kacem Sidi Kacem ( -LSB- سيدي قاسم , sidi qasəm -RSB- ) is a city in Rabat-Salé-Kénitra , Morocco . It is the capital of Sidi Kacem Province .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5eaae911c0597b9ce99e34f8ea61f57", "text": "Taroudant Taroudant is a city in the Sous Valley in southern Morocco . It is situated east of Agadir on the road to Ouarzazate and the Sahara desert and south of Marrakesh . The town is known as the `` Grandmother of Marrakesh '' because it looks like a smaller Marrakesh with its surrounding ramparts . In the sixteenth century , the Saadians briefly used Taroudant as a capital before they moved onwards to Marrakesh . Today , the city has the feel of a small fortified market town on a caravan route . Taroudant is known for its local crafts , including jewellery and carpets . Unlike Marrakesh , almost the entire city of Taroudant is located inside its walls . A new part of the city is being developed outside the city walls around the campus of a faculty of the Ibn Zohr University of Agadir .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c22324ed97954394cf675ad1c9d59bbe", "text": "Medina quarter A medina quarter ( المدينة القديمة `` the old city '' ) is a distinct city section found in many North African cities . The medina is typically walled , with many narrow and maze-like streets . The word `` medina '' itself simply means `` city '' or `` town '' in modern-day Arabic .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "088f91a42984589d0df79de0a79f9ca1", "text": "1985 Pan Arab Games The 6th Pan Arab Games were held in Rabat , Morocco between August 8 and August 16 , 1985 . 3442 athletes from 17 countries participated in events in 18 sports .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca10264e9595c776a10ea8aad685bbc3", "text": "City-state A city-state is a sovereign state that consists of a city and its dependent territories . Historically , this included cities such as Rome , Athens , Carthage , and the Italian city-states during the Renaissance -- but today only a handful of sovereign city-states exist , with some disagreement as to which are city-states . A great deal of consensus exists that the term properly applies to Singapore , Monaco , and Vatican City . A number of other small states share similar characteristics , and therefore are sometimes also cited as modern city-states . Namely , Qatar , Brunei , Kuwait , Bahrain , and Malta , which each have an urban center comprising a significant proportion of the population , though , all have several distinct settlements and a designated or de facto capital city . Occasionally , other small states with high population densities , such as San Marino , are also cited , despite lacking a large urban centre characteristic of traditional city-states . Several non-sovereign cities enjoy a high degree of autonomy , and are sometimes considered city-states . Hong Kong and Macau , along with independent members of the United Arab Emirates , most notably Dubai and Abu Dhabi , are often cited as such .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f5e709be25640d6f8a4d589a0be4652", "text": "Arab League The Arab League , formally the League of Arab States , is a regional organization of Arab countries in and around North Africa , the Horn of Africa and Arabia . It was formed in Cairo on 22 March 1945 with six members : Kingdom of Egypt , Kingdom of Iraq , Transjordan ( renamed Jordan in 1949 ) , Lebanon , Saudi Arabia , and Syria . Yemen joined as a member on 5 May 1945 . Currently , the League has 22 members , but Syria 's participation has been suspended since November 2011 , as a consequence of government repression during the Syrian Civil War . The League 's main goal is to `` draw closer the relations between member States and co-ordinate collaboration between them , to safeguard their independence and sovereignty , and to consider in a general way the affairs and interests of the Arab countries '' . Through institutions , such as the Arab League Educational , Cultural and Scientific Organization ( ALECSO ) and the Economic and Social Council of the Arab League 's Council of Arab Economic Unity ( CAEU ) , the Arab League facilitates political , economic , cultural , scientific , and social programmes designed to promote the interests of the Arab world . It has served as a forum for the member states to coordinate their policy positions , to deliberate on matters of common concern , to settle some Arab disputes and to limit conflicts such as the 1958 Lebanon crisis . The League has served as a platform for the drafting and conclusion of many landmark documents promoting economic integration . One example is the Joint Arab Economic Action Charter , which outlines the principles for economic activities in the region . Each member state has one vote in the League Council , and decisions are binding only for those states that have voted for them . The aims of the league in 1945 were to strengthen and coordinate the political , cultural , economic and social programs of its members and to mediate disputes among them or between them and third parties . Furthermore , the signing of an agreement on Joint Defence and Economic Cooperation on 13 April 1950 committed the signatories to coordination of military defence measures . In March 2015 , the Arab League General Secretary announced the establishment of a Joint Arab Force with the aim of counteracting extremism and other threats to the Arab States . The decision was reached while Operation Decisive Storm was intensifying in Yemen . Participation in the project is voluntary , and the army intervenes only at the request of one of the member states . The growing militarization of the region and the increase in violent civil wars as well as terrorist movements are the reason behind the creation of the JAF , financed by the rich Gulf countries . In the early 1970s , the Economic Council of the League of Arab States put forward a proposal to create the Joint Arab Chambers of Commerce across the European states . That led , under the decree of the League of Arab States no . K1175/D52/G , to the decision by the Arab governments to set up the Arab British Chamber of Commerce which was mandated to `` promote , encourage and facilitate bilateral trade '' between the Arab world and its major trading partner , the United Kingdom .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b15de40196ed613e8b4bd4e5b55f3a87", "text": "Mechra Bel Ksiri Mechra Bel Ksiri is a town in Sidi Kacem Province , Rabat-Salé-Kénitra , Morocco . According to the 2010 census it has a population of 29,601 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f4d65741b8ba111717bc5409773e2fc", "text": "Republicanism in Morocco In the history of Morocco , there have been a few attempts to establish republican forms of government : Moor refugees from Andalusia formed in Salé and Rabat the Republic of Bou Regreg , a base for piracy ( 1627-1668 ) . Berber natives in the Rif Region first established the Rif Republic for six years ( 1921-1926 ) under Abd el-Krim against Spanish and French invasions of Morocco . The Berber Rif republic lasted until 1925 when the rebels tried to take the city of Fes , in a failed attempt to expand the republic into French-occupied Morocco . In 1971 army cadets under General Mohamed Medbouh and Lieutenant-colonel M'hamed Ababou attacked king Hassan II in the Shkirat palace . A republic was proclaimed on Radio Rabat , was but suppressed by General Mohamed Oufkir . However , in 1972 Oufkir initiated his own coup d'état ; the Air Force tried multiple times to bring down the king 's airplane , attacked the Rabat airport and bombed the royal palace in Rabat . The coup ultimately failed . During the 2011 -- 12 Moroccan protests , a few protesters chanted republican slogans . They were mainly from the Al Adl Wa Al Ihssane Islamist movement and the Ila Al Amame Communist party . These slogans were n't repeated by the vast majority of the protesters .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35c5c2319e0d5f3ed7fce0e21442d2b0", "text": "Regraga The Regraga are a sub-tribe of the Masmuda Berber tribal confederacy . They are also one of three tribes that formed the population of Essaouira , Morocco . The Regraga came from the Jbel Hadid mountains and introduced Islam to the region ; the other tribes were the Berber Haha and the Chiadma . In Tachelhit , the term Regraga refers to those who are imbued with the spiritual force called Baraka . The tribe became known by this name because in pre-Islamic times they held a prominent religious role in the region , and because of it were considered nobility . In modern times , the term also refers to a pilgrimage made annually by the Chiadma tribes of the Jbel Hadid and the Haha tribes who live southeast of Essaouira . It takes place in spring and lasts 40 days . During those weeks , pilgrims visit a series of local shrines , from the mouth of the Tensift river south of Safi to the northern outskirts of the High Atlas , including the city of Essaouira itself . They join either of two different groups on a tour of the shrines , stopping at each shrine on the way . One group must adorn at every shrine a holy tent made of fan palm fibres and dyed with henna , the other group arrives in a procession with a muqaddim ( religious leader ) riding a white horse .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18c95790d786ea3b7775e649d4e982ab", "text": "Ras Rumman Ras Rumman is a neighborhood of Manama in Bahrain . Historically it was a separate village of its own , however with the expansion of Manama , it became incorporated into the capital city as one of its neighbourhoods . It lies to the east of the Manama Souq and roughly south of the Diplomatic Area . It has traditionally had an identity with a tradition of Pomegranate cultivation . The Name Ras Rumman translates to `` Head of Pomegrante '' this was related to the large fields starting Ras Rumman and ending near Budaiya.The British Embassy of Bahrain is located in Ras Rumman . It also contains the Ras Rumman Mosque . Category : Neighborhoods of Manama", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da0356c478609553008875e1e477ec46", "text": "Marrakesh Menara Airport Marrakesh Menara Airport ( ⴰⵣⴰⴳⵯⵣ ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ ⵎⵉⵏⴰⵕⴰ , Aéroport Marrakech Ménara , مطار مراكش المنارة , ) is an international airport serving Marrakesh , the capital city of the Marrakesh-Tensift-El Haouz region in Morocco . It is an international facility that receives several European flights as well as flights from Casablanca and some of the Arab world nations . The airport served over 4 million passengers in 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "77ea6bb6c251a3cd84b95e392db8241d", "text": "Skhirat Skhirat ( الصخيرات ⵙⵅⵉⵕⴰⵜ Sjirat ) is a small seaside town situated between the administrative capital Rabat and the economic capital Casablanca , known within Morocco for its idyllic beaches on the edge of the Atlantic Ocean . Within the past decade it has steadily developed ; especially with high class beach properties . Life in Skhirat is distinguished between the rural population living from agricultural products , the agile municipal town center and the ocean site , where an authentic small harbour provides work for many fisherman . The main beach , right beside the summer palace of the Moroccan King is a well-known spot for vacationers and weekend retreat for visitors from the capital Rabat . It has become a key rallying point for surfers from the whole region . Two associations ( Associations de Surf Skhirat Plage and Association des Jeunes Surfeurs de Skhirat ) offer surf courses for all levels . They are located directly beside the beautiful `` L'Amphitrite Palace Resort and Spa . '' This luxury hotel offers a private beach , first-class comfort and a great relaxing atmosphere , appreciated by vacationers as well as international business travellers , because of its proximity to the CIC Mohammed VI ( Le Centre Internationale des Conferences Mohammed VI ) . CIC Mohamed VI is one of the largest convention centers in North Africa , located at Skhirat beach . It recently hosted the ceremony dedicated to the signature of the political agreement to form a Libyan national unity government , dated December 17 , 2015 . Also located in Skhirat is the summer palace of the Moroccan King Mohammed VI , venue of a failed military coup against King Hassan II in July 1971 , organised by General Medbouh and M'hamed Ababou .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1982e9a4a9decfd6c2a5b1d5b07e13d6", "text": "Oujda Oujda is the capital city of the Oriental region of eastern Morocco . It is located about 15 km west of the Algerian border and about 55 km south of the Mediterranean Sea .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33ce5f9f4dfb273e3f8306d5f18a9896", "text": "Palestinian territories `` Palestinian territories '' and `` occupied Palestinian territories '' ( OPT or oPt ) are descriptions often used to describe the West Bank ( including East Jerusalem ) and the Gaza Strip , which are occupied or otherwise under the control of Israel . Israeli governments have maintained that the area involved is within territorial dispute . The extent of the territories , while subject to future negotiations , have frequently been defined by the Green Line . The term `` Palestinian Territory , Occupied '' was used by the United Nations ( UN ) and other international organizations between 1998 to 2013 in order to refer to areas controlled by the Palestinian National Authority . In December 2012 , UN Secretariat communications replaced this by the term State of Palestine . The ISO adopted the name change in 2013 . But , as of August 2015 , the UN Security Council continues to treat Palestine as a non-sovereign entity ; This prevents its admission to UN General Assembly membership . Israel occupied the territories of the West Bank and Gaza Strip in the Six-Day War of 1967 and has since maintained control . Previously , these territories had been occupied by Jordan and Egypt , respectively , since the 1948 founding of Israel . In 1980 , Israel officially absorbed East Jerusalem and has proclaimed the whole of Jerusalem to be its capital . The inclusion , though never formally amounting to legal annexation , was condemned internationally and declared `` null and void '' by the United Nations Security Council . The Palestinian National Authority , the United Nations , the international legal and humanitarian bodies and the international community regard East Jerusalem as part of the West Bank , and consequently a part of the Palestinian territories . The Palestinian National Authority never exercised sovereignty over the area , although it housed its offices in Orient House and several other buildings as an assertion of its sovereign interests . Israel shut them down in response to the Sbarro restaurant suicide bombing . Israeli sovereignty , however , has not been recognized by any country , since the unilateral annexation of territory occupied during war contravenes the Fourth Geneva Convention . The cost of the occupation for Israel over four decades ( 1967 -- 2007 ) is estimated to amount to $ 50 billion . The World Bank estimates the annual cost in 2013 to the Palestinian economy of Israeli occupation at $ 3.4 billion . In 1988 , with the Palestine Liberation Organization ( PLO ) intention to declare a Palestinian State , Jordan renounced all territorial claims to the West Bank , including East Jerusalem . Since the Palestinian Declaration of Independence in 1988 , 135 UN Member Nations have recognized the State of Palestine , comprising the Palestinian territories . It has not been recognized by Israel and some Western nations , including the United States . In 1993 , following the Oslo Accords , parts of the territories politically came under the jurisdiction of the Palestinian National Authority ( Areas A and B ) . Israel still exercises full military control and , civil control over 61 % of the West Bank ( Area C ) . The Oslo Accords established access to the sea for Gaza within 20 nautical miles from the shore . The Berlin Commitment of 2002 reduced this to 12 mi . In October 2006 Israel imposed a 6-mile limit , and at the conclusion of the Gaza War restricted access to a 3-nautical-mile limit , beyond which a no-go zone exists . As a result , more than 3,000 Palestinian fishermen are denied access to 85 % of the maritime areas agreed to in 1995 . The majority of the Dead Sea area is off-limits to Palestinian use , and Palestinians are denied access to its coast line . Israel disengaged from the Gaza Strip in 2005 , however the international community considers the West Bank and the Gaza Strip still to be occupied by Israel . The Hamas takeover of Gaza in 2007 divided the Palestinian territories politically . Abbas 's Fatah largely ruled the West Bank and was recognized internationally as the official Palestinian Authority ( see : Fatah-Hamas conflict ) . In 2014 , the two political groups agreed to hold elections and form a compromise unity government . The 2014 Israel-Gaza conflict intervened ; however , the unity government survived .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "71b5fa7c025497f085522de8e2a7d9d9", "text": "Amman Amman ( -LSB- langpronɑːˈmɑːn -RSB- عمّان ) is the capital and most populous city of Jordan , and the country 's economic , political and cultural centre . Situated in north-central Jordan , Amman is the administrative centre of the Amman Governorate . The city has a population of 4,007,526 and a land area of 648.7 sqmi . Today , Amman is considered to be among the most liberal and westernized Arab cities . It is a major tourist destination in the region , particularly among Arab and European tourists . The earliest evidence of settlement in the area is a Neolithic site known as ` Ain Ghazal . Its successor was known as `` Rabbath Ammon '' , which was the capital of the Ammonites , then as `` Philadelphia '' , and finally as Amman . It was initially built on seven hills but now spans over 19 hills combining 27 districts , which are administered by the Greater Amman Municipality headed by its mayor Aqel Biltaji . Areas of Amman have either gained their names from the hills ( Jabal ) or the valleys ( Wadi ) they lie on , such as Jabal Lweibdeh and Wadi Abdoun . East Amman is predominantly filled with historic sites that frequently host cultural activities , while West Amman is more modern and serves as the economic center of the city . Approximately 2 million visitors arrived in Amman in 2014 , which ranked it as the 93rd most visited city in the world and the 5th most visited Arab city . Amman has a relatively fast growing economy , and it is ranked Beta − on the global city index . Moreover , it was named one of the Middle East and North Africa 's best cities according to economic , labor , environmental , and socio-cultural factors . The city is among the most popular locations in the Arab world for multinational corporations to set up their regional offices , alongside Doha and only behind Dubai . It is expected that in the next 10 years these three cities will capture the largest share of multinational corporation activity in the region .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "61d655773f5647de754bb60106eb30e0", "text": "TAS de Casablanca Tihad Athlétique Sport de Casablanca is a Moroccan football club based in Casablanca . Of the 3 clubs in Casablanca they are the most popular in the city behind Wydad Casablanca and Raja Casablanca . Category : Football clubs in Morocco Category : Football clubs in Casablanca Category :1947 establishments in Morocco Category : Sports clubs in Morocco", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "8d1b8cd5008b50ac041b0649e760c4fc", "text": "Major League Soccer Major League Soccer ( MLS ) is a men 's professional soccer league , sanctioned by U.S. Soccer , that represents the sport 's highest level in both the United States and Canada . MLS constitutes one of the major professional sports leagues of the United States and Canada . The league comprises 22 teams -- 19 in the U.S. and 3 in Canada . The MLS regular season runs from March to October , with each team playing 34 games ; the team with the best record is awarded the Supporters ' Shield . The postseason includes twelve teams competing in the MLS Cup Playoffs through November and December , culminating in the championship game , the MLS Cup . MLS teams also play in other domestic competitions against teams from other divisions in the U.S. Open Cup and in the Canadian Championship . MLS teams also compete against continental rivals in the CONCACAF Champions League . Major League Soccer was founded in 1993 as part of the United States ' successful bid to host the 1994 FIFA World Cup . The first season took place in 1996 with ten teams . MLS experienced financial and operational struggles in its first few years : The league lost millions of dollars , teams played in mostly empty American football stadiums , and two teams folded in 2002 . Since then , MLS has expanded to 22 teams , owners built soccer-specific stadiums , average MLS attendance exceeds that of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) and National Basketball Association ( NBA ) , MLS secured national TV contracts , and the league is now profitable . Instead of operating as an association of independently owned teams , MLS is a single entity in which each team is owned and controlled by the league 's investors . The investor-operators control their teams as owners control teams in other leagues , and are commonly ( but inaccurately ) referred to as the team 's owners . The league has a fixed membership , like most sports leagues in the United States and Canada , which makes it one of the world 's few soccer leagues that does not use promotion and relegation , a practice that is uncommon in the two countries . MLS headquarters is located in New York City .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "170946d9051f0b3605d5e40f9ea0a57d", "text": "2015 Major League Soccer season The 2015 Major League Soccer season featured 20 total clubs ( 17 based in the United States , 3 based in Canada ) . The regular season was held from March 6 through to October 25 , whereas the MLS Cup Playoffs began on October 28 and ended with MLS Cup 2015 on December 6 . The defending MLS Cup champions were the LA Galaxy , while Seattle Sounders FC were the defending Supporters ' Shield winners . It was the first season for expansion teams Orlando City SC and New York City FC , who both joined the Eastern Conference , while both the Houston Dynamo and Sporting Kansas City moved from the Eastern Conference to the Western Conference . Chivas USA folded at the end of the 2014 season . At the end of the regular season , the New York Red Bulls of the Eastern Conference won the Supporters ' Shield , while the team on top of the Western Conference was FC Dallas . The Portland Timbers won their first MLS Cup , winning 2 -- 1 at Columbus Crew SC .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "cce8448d93b60c962d08aeb35f4f5b90", "text": "2003 D.C. United season The 2003 D.C. United season was the clubs ' ninth year of existence , as well as their seventh season in Major League Soccer . Led by Ray Hudson , D.C. United 's 2003 campaign was highlighted by the club 's return to the MLS Cup Playoffs , their first postseason appearance since 1999 . In the playoffs , United who did n't qualify for the playoffs until the final day of the regular season , took on the Eastern Conference regular season champions , Chicago Fire . The Fire defeated United 4 -- 0 on aggregates in the conference semifinals , winning each leg by a 2 -- 0 margin of victory .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7afe989f1ed8faa19c9b54355d7f6bca", "text": "2016 National Women's Soccer League season The 2016 National Women 's Soccer League season is the fourth season of the National Women 's Soccer League , the top division of women 's soccer in the United States . Including the NWSL 's two professional predecessors , Women 's Professional Soccer ( 2009 -- 2011 ) and the Women 's United Soccer Association ( 2001 -- 2003 ) , it is the tenth overall season of FIFA and USSF-sanctioned top division women 's soccer in the United States . The league is operated by the United States Soccer Federation and receives major financial backing from that body . Further financial backing is expected to be provided by the Canadian Soccer Association . Both national federations pay the league salaries of many of their respective national team members in an effort to nurture talent in those nations . To accommodate the 2016 Olympics the league suspended play for most of the month of August . In addition , the league did not schedule games during FIFA windows , leaving the 20-game , 19-week regular season ending in late September for the second year in a row .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc50f8c791b7a63beecaacb1313ed5d0", "text": "CONCACAF The Confederation of North , Central America and Caribbean Association Football ( CONCACAF , -LSB- ˈkɒn.kəkæf -RSB- ) is the continental governing body for association football in North America , that includes Central America and the Caribbean regions . Three South American entities -- the independent nations of Guyana and Suriname and the French department of French Guiana -- are also members . CONCACAF 's primary functions are to organize competitions for national teams and clubs , and to conduct Men 's World Cup and Women 's World Cup qualifying tournaments . CONCACAF was founded in its current form on 18 September 1961 in Mexico City , Mexico , with the merger of the NAFC and the CCCF , which made it one of the then five , now six continental confederations affiliated with FIFA . Canada , Costa Rica , Cuba , El Salvador , Guatemala , Haiti , Honduras , Mexico , Netherlands Antilles ( Curaçao ) , Nicaragua , Panama , Suriname and United States were founding members . CONCACAF is the third-most successful FIFA confederation . Mexico dominated CONCACAF men 's competition early on and has since won the most Gold Cups since the beginning of the tournament in its current format . The Mexican national team is the only CONCACAF team to win an official FIFA tournament by winning the 1999 FIFA Confederations Cup . They have also reached the Round of 16 for the past 6 World Cups . While the U.S. is the only country outside of Europe and South America to receive a medal in the World Cup , finishing third in 1930 , they also reached the 2002 World Cup quarterfinals and the 2009 Confederations Cup final . Between them , Mexico and the U.S. have won all but one of the editions of the CONCACAF Gold Cup . In recent years Costa Rica has become a power in the region and in 2014 became the 4th CONCACAF country after the United States , Cuba , and Mexico to make the World Cup quarterfinals . The United States has been very successful in the women 's game , being the only CONCACAF member to win all three major worldwide competitions in women 's football -- the World Cup ( 3 ) , the Olympics ( 4 ) , and the Algarve Cup ( 10 ) . Canada is the only other member to win at least one of the major competitions , winning the Algarve Cup in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a600312991178253f8a827286b95bf4", "text": "2011 MAC Men's Soccer Tournament The 2011 MAC Men 's Soccer Tournament was a college soccer postseason tournament for the Mid-American Conference to determine the MAC 's champion and automatic berth into the 2011 NCAA Division I Men 's Soccer Championship . The tournament will be held in Akron , Ohio at the University of Akron 's FirstEnergy Stadium . The tournament will be held from November 11 -- 13 , 2011 . Northern Illinois won the championship . Akron would also qualify fort the NCAA Tournament through an at-large bid .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2d8fcb481712f12c3a140f312deb1719", "text": "Soccer Bowl 2014 Soccer Bowl 2014 was the North American Soccer League 's postseason championship match of the 2014 season to determine the NASL Champion . The event was contested in a one-game match between the San Antonio Scorpions ( Fall Season champions ) and the Fort Lauderdale Strikers . San Antonio defeated the New York Cosmos 2-1 in their semi-final match while Fort Lauderdale defeated Minnesota United FC ( Spring Season champions ) in a penalty shootout 5 -- 4 after a 1 -- 1 tie in the other semi-final game . The match was played on November 15 , 2014 at Toyota Field , in San Antonio , Texas and televised live on ESPN3 , ONE World Sports , NASLLive.com as well as on San Antonio 's MeTV KSAT 12.2 and Fort Lauderdale 's Sofloradio.com . This was the Scorpions first Soccer Bowl championship . The Soccer Bowl trophy is the third oldest men 's professional outdoor soccer league prize in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c1abc574d395d79524a12e74210b6b56", "text": "Nicaraguan Primera División Liga Nicaragüense de Futbol is the top division of the Federación Nicaragüense de Fútbol , it was created in 1933 . It is played in two parts , Torneo de Apertura from August through November and Torneo de Clausura from January through May . Each of the regular seasons is followed by a play-off of the top 4 teams over a 2-legged semi-final and subsequent final . The relegation end has the bottom team of the aggregate table dropped as well as the loser of the play-off of the 8th and 9th places .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3df5fcb26c80fb22c248a017a7b25777", "text": "2006 K League The 2006 season of the K-League kicked off on March 12 . The season and playoff format will be the same as the one used in the 2005 season . The playoff fixtures are set to take place in early November , with the Final being played on two legs in late November . The league will take a break for the World Cup in June and July . The championship series will take place in November .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "90a86e787a5094297dd9fc7461dcc68d", "text": "Slovakia at the FIFA World Cup This is a record of Slovakia 's results at the FIFA World Cup . The FIFA World Cup , sometimes called the Football World Cup or the Soccer World Cup , but usually referred to simply as the World Cup , is an international association football competition contested by the men 's national teams of the members of Fédération Internationale de Football Association ( FIFA ) , the sport 's global governing body . The championship has been awarded every four years since the first tournament in 1930 , except in 1942 and 1946 , due to World War II . The tournament consists of two parts , the qualification phase and the final phase ( officially called the World Cup Finals ) . The qualification phase , which currently take place over the three years preceding the Finals , is used to determine which teams qualify for the Finals . The current format of the Finals involves 32 teams competing for the title , at venues within the host nation ( or nations ) over a period of about a month . The World Cup Finals is the most widely viewed sporting event in the world , with an estimated 715.1 million people watching the 2006 tournament final . Slovakia have appeared in the finals of the FIFA World Cup on one occasion in 2010 where they reached the second round .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a4d9fc0c2fc71323d5ca8c922aa91baa", "text": "2011 AFC Champions League knockout stage A total of 16 teams , 8 from West Asia and 8 from East Asia , competed in the 2011 AFC Champions League knockout stage . They included the 8 group winners and the 8 group runners-up from the group stage . Each round of this single-elimination tournament was played over one or two matches . In the round of 16 , each tie was played in one match , hosted by the winners of each group against the runners-up of another group . In the quarter-finals and semi-finals , each tie was played over two legs on a home-and-away basis . The final was hosted by one of the finalists , decided by draw . The away goals rule ( for two-legged ties ) , extra time ( away goals do not apply in extra time ) and penalty shootout would be used to decide the winner if necessary . The matchups for the round of 16 were decided prior to the group stage draw . After the completion of the round of 16 , the draw for the quarter-finals , semi-finals , and final was held in Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia on 7 June 2011 . In this draw , the `` country protection '' rule was applied : if there are exactly two clubs from the same country , they may not face each other in the quarter-finals ; however , if there are more than two clubs from the same country , they may face each other in the quarter-finals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b61f4f696e6ed5f232c81ef7249bef84", "text": "2013 Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup The 2013 Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup was the 100th edition of the oldest ongoing competition in American soccer . Qualification began in November 2012 in the fifth tier , although the United States Soccer Federation did not announce the format until March 5 , 2013 . The defending champions were Sporting Kansas City , who were knocked out of the competition in the Fourth Round . D.C. United received a $ 250,000 cash prize and a berth into the 2014 -- 15 CONCACAF Champions League for winning the tournament , while Real Salt Lake received $ 60,000 for being the runner-up . Three teams received $ 15,000 for being the top finisher from each lower division - FC Tucson ( USL PDL ) , Orlando City ( USL Pro ) , & Carolina RailHawks ( NASL ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c6daf45f928b4e204f033d7c531646d9", "text": "Salvadoran Primera División The Primera División of the Liga de Fútbol Profesional ( Professional Football League ) , more commonly known as La Liga Mayor or La Primera , is the top professional football league in El Salvador . It was established in 1969 and in 2011 had 10 clubs . Initially the league was run as a year-long tournament , but since 1998 there are two tournaments each year , much like in many other football leagues in the Americas . The Apertura season runs from August to December , while the Clausura season runs from February to July .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db72fa98541dead9e7f26ad506a94957", "text": "MLS Supplemental Draft The MLS Supplemental Draft had a number of incarnations : From 1996 to 1999 , all players playing in the United States currently playing professionally in the United Soccer Leagues were eligible for the MLS Supplemental Draft , where they could be selected by all Major League Soccer teams . Players graduating college were entered into a separate MLS College Draft . The division between the two was eliminated in 2000 , when they were combined into a single MLS SuperDraft . 1996 MLS Supplemental Draft 1997 MLS Supplemental Draft 1998 MLS Supplemental Draft 1999 MLS Supplemental Draft In 2003 , MLS held a Supplemental draft to distribute players who were signed by the league after the SuperDraft . 2003 MLS Supplemental Draft From 2005 to 2008 , with the expansion of developmental rosters , the creation of reserve teams , and contractual limits on the length of the MLS Superdraft included in the MLS Players Union Contract , MLS re-instituted the Supplemental draft , which was held after the SuperDraft those years . 2005 MLS Supplemental Draft 2006 MLS Supplemental Draft 2007 MLS Supplemental Draft 2008 MLS Supplemental Draft In 2009 and 2010 , due to roster changes resulting in fewer developmental spaces , MLS again discontinued the Supplemental Draft . In January 2011 it was announced that the Supplemental Draft would be re-instated . The first two rounds of the Supplemental Draft replaced the last two rounds of the SuperDraft . 2011 MLS Supplemental Draft 2012 MLS Supplemental Draft 2013 MLS Supplemental Draft", "title": "" }, { "docid": "50d41c68bf8d3a9f5eba20c32e5ba018", "text": "1978 North American Soccer League playoffs The 1978 North American Soccer League playoffs began on August 8 and ended on August 27 with Soccer Bowl '78 at Giants Stadium in East Rutherford , New Jersey . 16 out of 24 teams qualified after a 30-match regular season , eight from each conference .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "708630c72fc723e2a003a899f8654479", "text": "2011 Campeonato Brasileiro Série C In 2011 , the Campeonato Brasileiro Série C , the third level of the Brazilian League , will be contested by 20 clubs divided in four groups , followed by a playoff round , during July 16 and November 13 . The top four clubs , the ones which qualifies to the semiifinals , will be promoted to the Campeonato Brasileiro Série B to be contested in 2012 . Meanwhile , the bottom four clubs , the ones that finish in last place of each group , will be relegated to 2012 Série D.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a14216623aa6775a17b2b2b97903e049", "text": "2012 Los Angeles Galaxy season The 2012 Los Angeles Galaxy season was the club 's 18th year of existence as well as their 17th season in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) and their 17th consecutive year in the top-flight of American soccer . The Galaxy entered the season as both the defending MLS Cup and Supporters ' Shield winners . The 2012 campaign was highlighted by the Galaxy successfully defending their MLS Cup title , defeating Houston Dynamo , 3 -- 1 , in the MLS Cup final to win their fourth ever MLS Cup championship , tying D.C. United for the most league championships in MLS history , and the second most in North American history . Although Los Angeles defended their MLS Cup trophy , the club failed to defend the Supporters ' Shield , losing on point differential to their upstate rivals , the San Jose Earthquakes on point total . Most of this is to blame due to poorer performance early on in the season , before a second-half season resurgence . Elsewhere , the Galaxy also competed in 2012 Desert Diamond Cup , winning the preseason tournament , the 2011 -- 12 and 2012 -- 13 CONCACAF Champions League , as well as the 2012 U.S. Open Cup . In the 2011 -- 12 edition of the Champions League , the Galaxy reached the quarterfinals before losing 4 -- 3 on aggregate to Canadian side , Toronto FC . In the 2012 -- 13 edition , the Galaxy won their group for the second straight year , and reached the knockout round , which will be played during the 2013 campaign . Finally , the Galaxy were eliminated in the third round proper of the Open Cup losing to second-tier North American Soccer League outfit , Carolina RailHawks . In noncompetitive tournaments , the Galaxy hosted Spanish club , Real Madrid , in the 2012 World Football Challenge , losing the exhibition match , 1 -- 5 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8583979aaec751c978ed887276bccb88", "text": "1999 MLS Supplemental Draft The 1999 Major League Soccer Supplemental Draft took place at the Fort Lauderdale Airport Hilton on the afternoon of Sunday , February 7 . The second and third rounds of the 1999 MLS College Draft had taken place at the hotel earlier that morning . This supplemental draft was notable for the number of teams which passed in the second and third rounds . Consequently in 2000 , MLS merged the college and supplemental draft into the 2000 MLS SuperDraft .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "02b8edc01f6ee8a3a5fc0280a3815451", "text": "1976–77 NFL playoffs The National Football League playoffs for the 1976 season began on December 18 , 1976 . The postseason tournament concluded with the Oakland Raiders defeating the Minnesota Vikings in Super Bowl XI , 32 -- 14 , on January 9 , 1977 , at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena , California .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d9778a95152e98cf46ec236c8ac399d", "text": "MLS Cup '98 MLS Cup '98 was the final playoff match of the 1998 Major League Soccer season , the 3rd season of first-division professional soccer in the United States since the collapse of the original North American Soccer League . The match took place on Sunday , 25 October 1998 , at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena , California , between Chicago Fire Soccer Club and D.C. United . It was the third consecutive appearance in the MLS Cup final by D.C. United and the first appearance by an expansion club ( Chicago ) in the final . Chicago Fire won the match 2-0 , with goals from Jerzy Podbrożny and Diego Gutiérrez . In doing so , Chicago became the first expansion club to win MLS Cup , astonishingly in the team 's inaugural season . The win also completed a domestic double for the Fire , the first American club to win both a league championship and the U.S. Open Cup in a single season . DC in turn became the first team to reach three consecutive finals ( still standing as of date ) and the first club to fail to score . As the top two finishers in the MLS Cup Playoffs , both D.C. United and Chicago Fire earned the right to represent the United States in the 1999 CONCACAF Champions ' Cup . The clubs faced off once again in the third-place match of the continental tournament , almost a year after meeting in MLS Cup ' 98 . That game ended in a 2-2 draw .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "919dc8a5f151660c3e6f818c76560ba2", "text": "2017 Canadian Championship The 2017 Canadian Championship ( officially the Amway Canadian Championship for sponsorship reasons ) is a soccer tournament hosted and organized by the Canadian Soccer Association . The 2017 edition sees the introduction of a rule that requires three players to be named in the starting eleven of each participating team who are eligible ( and have declared their intention , if they have otherwise played for another national team ) to play for the Canada men 's national soccer team . Due to the restructuring of the CONCACAF Champions League , the winner of the 2017 Canadian Championship will advance to a playoff against Toronto FC , the winner of the 2016 Canadian Championship , to be hosted by Toronto FC on August 9 , 2017 , for a place in the 2018 CONCACAF Champions League . If Toronto FC were to win the 2017 Canadian Championship then no playoff game will be necessary , and Toronto will have earned a place in the 2018 CONCACAF Champions League automatically .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "9a8256527ce002349e120b488666c081", "text": "Super Bowl XLVI Super Bowl XLVI was an American football game between the National Football Conference ( NFC ) champion New York Giants and the American Football Conference ( AFC ) champion New England Patriots to decide the National Football League ( NFL ) champion for the 2011 season . The Giants defeated the Patriots by the score of 21 -- 17 . The game was played on February 5 , 2012 , at Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis , the first time that the Super Bowl was played in the state of Indiana . In addition to winning their fourth Super Bowl in team history , the Giants set a new record for the lowest regular season record ( 9 -- 7 , win percentage of 56.3 % ) by a Super Bowl champion . The Patriots entered the game with a 13 -- 3 regular season record , and were also seeking their fourth Super Bowl win . The game was also a rematch of Super Bowl XLII , in which New York also won , 17 -- 14 , to spoil New England 's run at a perfect 2007 season in what is now considered to be one of the greatest upsets in sports history . Super Bowl XLVI also marked the third consecutive matchup between teams from divisions with the same cardinal directions , with the Giants/Patriots from the NFC/AFC East , Super Bowl XLV between the Green Bay Packers/Pittsburgh Steelers from the NFC/AFC North , and Super Bowl XLIV between the New Orleans Saints/Indianapolis Colts from the NFC/AFC South . Two years later , the Seattle Seahawks/Denver Broncos , from the NFC/AFC West , would continue this trend when they met each other for Super Bowl XLVIII . The Giants jumped to a 9 -- 0 lead in the first quarter of Super Bowl XLVI before the Patriots scored 17 unanswered points to take a 17 -- 9 lead in the third quarter . But the Giants prevented the Patriots from scoring again , and two consecutive New York field goals chipped away New England 's lead , 17 -- 15 , late in the third quarter . The Giants capped off an 88-yard drive with running back Ahmad Bradshaw 's 6-yard game-winning touchdown with 57 seconds left in the game . Eli Manning , who completed 30 of 40 passes for 296 yards , one touchdown , and no interceptions , was named Super Bowl MVP for the second time in his career . He became the third consecutive quarterback to win the award after Aaron Rodgers in Super Bowl XLV and Drew Brees in Super Bowl XLIV . The broadcast of the game on NBC broke the then record for the most-watched program in American television history , previously set during the previous year 's Super Bowl . Super Bowl XLVI was watched by an estimated average audience of 111.3 million US viewers and an estimated total audience of 166.8 million , according to Nielsen , meaning that over half of the American population watched at least some of the initial broadcast . The game also set the record for most tweets per second during a sporting event , with 13.7 million tweets from 3 p.m. to 8 p.m. ( PST ) .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "44b87290a9efa71c876a7c6db8ab03ad", "text": "National Football League regular season The National Football League ( NFL ) regular season begins the weekend after Labor Day in early September and ends in December or early January . It consists of 256 games , where each team ( 32 total ) plays 16 games during a 17-week period . Since 2012 , the NFL schedule generally has games in one of five time slots during the week . A game played on Thursday night , kicking off at 8:25 PM ( ET ) . The majority of games are played on Sunday , most kicking off at 1:00 PM ( ET ) , some late afternoon games starting at 4:05 or 4:25 PM ( ET ) . Additionally , one Sunday night game is played every week at 8:30 PM ( ET ) . One Monday night game then starts at 8:30 PM ( ET ) every week with the exception of the first week of the regular season , in which two Monday night games are played back-to-back ( the second game always occurring on the West coast ) , as well as the last week of the season , in which no Monday night game is held . In addition to these regularly scheduled games , there are occasionally games at other times , such as a Saturday afternoon or evening , or the annual Thanksgiving Day games in which three games are played . During the final week of the regular season , all games are held on Sunday . In place since 2006 , the current broadcasting contract establishes broadcast partners for each game . The Sunday afternoon games are broadcast either on CBS or Fox . CBS has the broadcast rights for teams in the American Football Conference while Fox has the rights for teams in the National Football Conference . In games where teams from both conferences play each other , the network with the broadcast rights for the `` away '' team will broadcast the game . In each local television market , three Sunday afternoon games are played . One of the two networks gets a doubleheader , while the other network has the right to broadcast a single game ; the networks alternate weeks when each has the right to the doubleheader . Doubleheader games are broadcast at 1:00 ( ET ) and 4:25 PM ( ET ) . The network with the single game will have an official kick-off time at either 1:00 PM ( ET ) or 4:05 PM ( ET ) . In addition to the regular Sunday afternoon games , there are three prime time games each week . The Thursday night game is broadcast by the NFL Network ( with , starting in 2016 , five of those Thursday games also being simulcast by CBS and another five on NBC ) . The Sunday night game is broadcast by NBC , while the Monday night game is broadcast by ESPN . The NFL uses a strict scheduling algorithm to determine which teams play each other from year to year , based on the current division alignments and the final division standings from the previous season . The current formula has been in place since 2002 , the last year that the NFL expanded its membership . Generally , each team plays the other three teams in its own division twice , all four teams from a single division in the AFC once , all four teams from a single division in the NFC once , and two additional intraconference games based on the standings from the previous season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e2ce9062a4c9b0b78409c391f91c8cc5", "text": "History of American football The history of American football can be traced to early versions of rugby football and association football . Both games have their origin in varieties of football played in Britain in the mid-19th century , in which a football is kicked at a goal or kicked over a line , which in turn were based on the varieties of English public school football games . American football resulted from several major divergences from association football and rugby football , most notably the rule changes instituted by Walter Camp , a Yale University and Hopkins School graduate who is considered to be the `` Father of American Football '' . Among these important changes were the introduction of the line of scrimmage , of down-and-distance rules and of the legalization of interference . In the late 19th and early 20th centuries , gameplay developments by college coaches such as Eddie Cochems , Amos Alonzo Stagg , Parke H. Davis , Knute Rockne , and Glenn `` Pop '' Warner helped take advantage of the newly introduced forward pass . The popularity of college football grew as it became the dominant version of the sport in the United States for the first half of the 20th century . Bowl games , a college football tradition , attracted a national audience for college teams . Boosted by fierce rivalries and colorful traditions , college football still holds widespread appeal in the United States . The origin of professional football can be traced back to 1892 , with William `` Pudge '' Heffelfinger 's $ 500 contract to play in a game for the Allegheny Athletic Association against the Pittsburgh Athletic Club . In 1920 the American Professional Football Association was formed . This league changed its name to the National Football League ( NFL ) two years later , and eventually became the major league of American football . Primarily a sport of Midwestern industrial towns in the United States , professional football eventually became a national phenomenon . The modern era of American football can be considered to have begun after the 1932 NFL Playoff game , which was the first American football game to feature hash marks , the legalization of the forward pass anywhere behind the line of scrimmage , the first indoor game since 1902 , and the movement of the goal posts back to goal line . Other innovations to occur immediately after 1932 , were the introduction of the AP Poll in 1934 , the tapering of the ends of the football in 1934 , the awarding of the first Heisman Trophy in 1935 , the first NFL draft in 1936 and the first televised game in 1939 . Another important event was the American football game at the 1932 Summer Olympics , which combined with a similar demonstration game at 1933 World 's Fair , led to the first College All-Star Game in 1934 , which in turn was an important factor in the growth of professional football in the United States . American football 's explosion in popularity during the second half of the 20th century can be traced to the 1958 NFL Championship Game , a contest that has been dubbed the `` Greatest Game Ever Played '' . A rival league to the NFL , the American Football League ( AFL ) , began play in 1960 ; the pressure it put on the senior league led to a merger between the two leagues and the creation of the Super Bowl , which has become the most watched television event in the United States on an annual basis .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42c3f4430725f3cfbc512eda18da149f", "text": "Super Bowl XXXVIII Super Bowl XXXVIII was an American football game between the National Football Conference ( NFC ) champion Carolina Panthers and the American Football Conference ( AFC ) champion New England Patriots to decide the National Football League ( NFL ) champion for the 2003 season . The Patriots defeated the Panthers by the score of 32 -- 29 , winning their second Super Bowl championship in three years . The game was played at Reliant Stadium in Houston , Texas , on February 1 , 2004 . At the time , this was the most watched Super Bowl ever with 144.4 million viewers . The Panthers were making their first ever Super Bowl appearance after posting an 11 -- 5 regular season record . They also made it the second straight year that a team from the NFC South division made the Super Bowl , with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers winning Super Bowl XXXVII . The Patriots were seeking their second Super Bowl title in three years after posting a 14 -- 2 record . NFL fans and sports writers widely consider this game one of the most well-played and thrilling Super Bowls ; Sports Illustrated writer Peter King hailed it as the `` Greatest Super Bowl of all time . '' Although neither team could score in the first and third quarters , they both ended up with a combined total of 868 yards and 61 points . The game was scoreless for a Super Bowl record 26:55 before the two teams combined for 24 points prior to halftime . The clubs then combined for a Super Bowl record 37 points in the fourth quarter . The contest was finally decided on New England kicker Adam Vinatieri 's 41-yard field goal with four seconds left . Patriots quarterback Tom Brady was named Super Bowl MVP for the second time in three years . He set a Super Bowl record for the most pass completions ( 32 ) , completing 66.7 percent of his passes and accumulating 354 passing yards , 3 touchdowns , and 12 rushing yards . Jake Delhomme for his part overcame the poor start with 323 passing yards and three touchdowns . The 61 combined points stood as a Super Bowl record until the 62 points scored in Super Bowl LI in 2017 . The game is also known for its controversial halftime show in which Janet Jackson 's breast , adorned with a nipple shield , was exposed by Justin Timberlake for about half a second , in what was later referred to as a `` wardrobe malfunction '' . Along with the rest of the halftime show , it led to an immediate crackdown by the Federal Communications Commission ( FCC ) , and widespread debate on perceived indecency in broadcasting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "534fd679e6e2ba42edfba47ca765a4ca", "text": "Charles Haley Charles Lewis Haley ( born January 6 , 1964 ) is a former American football linebacker and defensive end who played in the National Football League ( NFL ) for the San Francisco 49ers ( 1986 -- 1991 , 1998 -- 1999 ) and the Dallas Cowboys ( 1992 -- 1996 ) . A versatile defensive player , Haley began his career as a specialty outside linebacker , eventually progressing to pass-rusher and finally full-fledged defensive end . He is the first five-time Super Bowl champion , and is one of only two such players , the other being Tom Brady . Haley was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 2011 and was elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f3bf9d562133e4888aef04f9a8a3fa5", "text": "Super Bowl VII Super Bowl VII was an American football game between the American Football Conference ( AFC ) champion Miami Dolphins and the National Football Conference ( NFC ) champion Washington Redskins to decide the National Football League ( NFL ) champion for the 1972 season . The Dolphins defeated the Redskins by the score of 14 -- 7 , and became the first and still the only team in NFL history to complete a perfect undefeated season . They also remain the only Super Bowl team to be shut out in the second half and still win . The game was played on January 14 , 1973 , at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum in Los Angeles , the second time the Super Bowl was played in that city . At kickoff the temperature was 84 F , making the game the warmest Super Bowl ever . This was the Dolphins ' second Super Bowl appearance after losing Super Bowl VI . They posted an undefeated 14 -- 0 regular season record before defeating the Cleveland Browns and the Pittsburgh Steelers in the playoffs . The Redskins were making their first Super Bowl appearance after posting an 11 -- 3 regular season record and playoff victories over the Green Bay Packers and the Dallas Cowboys . Despite being undefeated , the Dolphins were actually one point underdogs , largely based on the weakness of their regular season schedule . Super Bowl VII was largely dominated by the Dolphins , and remains the lowest-scoring Super Bowl to date with a total of only 21 points ( 3 touchdown and 3 extra points ) . The only drama was during the final minutes of the game , in what was later known as `` Garo 's Gaffe '' . Miami attempted to cap off their 17 -- 0 perfect season with a 17 -- 0 perfect score shutout with a 42-yard field goal by Garo Yepremian , but instead the game and the season was jeopardized when his kick was blocked . Instead of falling on the loose ball , the Dolphins kicker picked it up , attempted a forward pass , but batted it in the air , and Redskins ' cornerback Mike Bass ( who was Garo 's former teammate on the Detroit Lions years earlier ) caught it and returned it 49 yards for a touchdown . This game also remains as the longest period in a Super Bowl for one team to be shut out , as Washington was held scoreless until 2:07 remained in the fourth quarter.The previous Super Bowl with the longest period for being shut out was in 1969 , where the Jets held the Colts scoreless until 3:19 left in the game . Don Shula was head coach on the losing side that time , so he held the record for the longest period to be held under a shut out as well as the longest period to hold a shut out . Dolphins safety Jake Scott was named Most Valuable Player . He recorded two interceptions for 63 return yards , including a 55-yard return from the end zone during the 4th quarter . Scott became the second defensive player in Super Bowl history ( after linebacker Chuck Howley in Super Bowl V ) to earn a Super Bowl MVP .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "77e02465a518167f6d75ad2f8d774433", "text": "1969 NFL Championship Game The 1969 NFL Championship Game was the 37th and final championship game prior to the AFL -- NFL merger , played January 4 , 1970 , at Metropolitan Stadium in Bloomington , Minnesota , a suburb south of Minneapolis . The winner of the game earned a berth in Super Bowl IV in New Orleans against the champion of the American Football League . The Minnesota Vikings of the Western Conference hosted the Cleveland Browns of the Eastern Conference . It was the Vikings ' first appearance in the title game , while the Browns were making their second straight appearance and fourth of the 1960s . Minnesota had a regular season record of 12 -- 2 , including a 51 -- 3 defeat of the Browns eight weeks earlier on November 9 . The Vikings defeated the Los Angeles Rams 23 -- 20 in the Western Conference championship a week earlier at Met Stadium . They were coached by Bud Grant and led on offense by quarterback Joe Kapp and wide receiver Gene Washington . The defense allowed only 133 points ( 9 1/2 per game ) during the regular season and their four defensive linemen were known as the `` Purple People Eaters . '' Cleveland was 10 -- 3 -- 1 during the regular season and had upset the Dallas Cowboys 38 -- 14 at the Cotton Bowl for the Eastern Conference title . The Browns were coached by Blanton Collier ; Bill Nelsen was the starting quarterback and Gary Collins and Paul Warfield were star wide receivers for the team . Although not as severe as the `` Ice Bowl '' of 1967 , the weather conditions were bitterly cold at 8 F , with a sub-zero wind chill factor . Cleveland linebacker Jim Houston suffered frostbite during the game and was hospitalized . Minnesota was favored by nine points to win the title game at home , and they won , 27 -- 7 . Of the four NFL teams that joined the league during the AFL era ( 1960s ) , Minnesota was the sole winner of a pre-merger NFL championship . The Dallas Cowboys entered the league in 1960 and lost two NFL title games to the Green Bay Packers , in 1966 and 1967 . The expansion Atlanta Falcons ( 1966 ) and New Orleans Saints ( 1967 ) did not qualify for the postseason until 1978 and 1987 , respectively . Starting with the season , the NFL champion was determined in the Super Bowl , beginning with Super Bowl V.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1387fc8ecac2a7ec37b568307bf636dc", "text": "Super Bowl XXV Super Bowl XXV was an American football game between the American Football Conference ( AFC ) champion Buffalo Bills and the National Football Conference ( NFC ) champion New York Giants to decide the National Football League ( NFL ) champion for the 1990 season . The Giants defeated the Bills by the score of 20 -- 19 , winning their second Super Bowl . It is the only Super Bowl decided by one point . The game was held at Tampa Stadium in Tampa , Florida , on January 27 , 1991 , during the height of the Gulf War . It was thus played under much patriotic fervor , highlighted by a rousing rendition of `` The Star-Spangled Banner '' by Whitney Houston during the pre-game ceremonies . The American Broadcasting Company ( ABC ) , who broadcast the game in the U.S. , did not broadcast the Super Bowl XXV halftime show ( headlined by the American boy band New Kids on the Block ) live . Instead , the network televised a special ABC News report anchored by Peter Jennings on the progress of the war , and then aired the halftime show on tape delay after the game . The Bills and their explosive no-huddle offense were making their first Super Bowl appearance after finishing the regular season with a 13 -- 3 record , and leading the league in total points scored with 428 . In advancing to their second Super Bowl , the Giants also posted a 13 -- 3 regular season record , but with a ball-control offense and a defense that allowed a league-low 211 points . The game is best remembered for Bills placekicker Scott Norwood 's last-second field goal attempt which went wide right of the uprights , leading to a Giants victory , and starting a four-game losing streak in the Super Bowl for the Bills . The Giants set a Super Bowl record holding possession of the ball for 40 minutes and 33 seconds . The Giants also overcame a 12 -- 3 second-quarter deficit , and made a 75-yard touchdown drive that consumed a Super Bowl-record 9:29 off the clock . Giants running back Ottis Anderson , who carried the ball 21 times for 102 yards and one touchdown , was named Super Bowl MVP . He was the first awardee to receive the newly named `` Pete Rozelle Trophy '' ( named for the former commissioner ) . Anderson also recorded one reception for seven yards . This is the first Super Bowl to feature two teams representing the same state . It was also the first Super Bowl in which neither team committed a turnover .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "240774435a545023ba5e7201f76d0f53", "text": "AFL and NFL era competitive college drafts During the first seven years of existence ( 1960 -- 1966 ) of the American Football League ( AFL , 1960 -- 1969 ) , the AFL and the NFL held separate , competing drafts for college football talent . These drafts were conducted differently in each league , with the AFL , as a new league , starting its existence with the 1960 AFL draft that was actually held in December , 1959 and had 33 rounds . Each AFL team had `` territorial rights '' to players from its general region for a `` bonus '' draft selection , so that teams could sign players who were known to their fans . These were not `` picked '' as such , but agreed on by consensus . The 1960 AFL draft proceeded with teams selecting by lot and player position , e.g. , each team selected quarterbacks from the available list , then running backs , etc. . These were not listed in order of selection , but alphabetically in two groups called `` First Selections '' and `` Second Selections '' by each team . Minneapolis-Saint Paul was originally included in the AFL draft on November 22 , 1959 . When the Minneapolis-Saint Paul owners reneged on their agreement to join the AFL and jumped to the NFL , some of the remaining AFL teams signed several players from the deserters ' draft list . To compensate for this , after the Oakland Raiders ' AFL franchise was granted , an allocation draft was held , to permit the Raiders to stock their team with players from the other seven AFL teams . The established NFL held drafts more similar to the present day , in which the team with the worst record from the previous year selected first , and the reigning league champion selected last . Starting in 1961 , the AFL also followed this procedure . Because of the competition between the leagues , unlike today 's drafts , they were held soon after the end of the football season in each league , often before the college bowls were over . Many players , such as LSU 's Billy Cannon signed pro contracts `` under the goalposts '' at bowl games ; and in the College East-West Game and other all-star college bowls , many players wore the helmets of the professional team that they had signed with . The AFL was at a disadvantage in name-recognition with the established NFL , but contrary to common belief , during this period , its franchises signed a significant number of stars away from the older league . These included Cannon , as well as eventual Hall of Famers Lance Alworth , Buck Buchanan , Jim Otto , Billy Shaw , and Nick Buoniconti , and such standouts as Matt Snell , Tom Sestak , Charley Hennigan , Abner Haynes , Johnny Robinson and many others . Category : American Football League draft Category : National Football League Draft", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cce80c9c23536473d0d0e1de926c1f54", "text": "1997 NFL season The 1997 NFL season was the 78th regular season of the National Football League . The Oilers relocated from Houston , Texas to Nashville , Tennessee . The newly renamed Tennessee Oilers played their home games during this season at the Liberty Bowl Memorial Stadium in Memphis , Tennessee while a new stadium in Nashville began construction . Houston would rejoin the NFL with the expansion Texans in 2002 . This was the last season to date that TNT broadcast NFL games , as well as the last for NBC until 2006 . When the TV contracts were renewed near the end of the season , Fox retained the National Football Conference package , CBS took over the American Football Conference package and ESPN won the right to televise all of the Sunday night games . Due to Game 7 of the 1997 World Series , the Chicago Bears -- Miami Dolphins game at Pro Player Stadium was delayed one day to Monday , October 27 . The Denver Broncos and Tampa Bay Buccaneers both changed their uniforms , and the new uniforms for both teams were introduced during this season . The season ended with Super Bowl XXXII when the Denver Broncos defeated the Green Bay Packers 31-24 at the Qualcomm Stadium . This broke the National Football Conference 's streak of 13 consecutive Super Bowl victories .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b502f99f2ee6312d5aa3dd9d6cabd4d6", "text": "American football American football , referred to as football in the United States and Canada , and also known as `` gridiron football '' or simply `` gridiron '' , is a sport played by two teams of eleven players on a rectangular field with goalposts at each end . The offense , the team with control of the oval-shaped football , attempts to advance down the field by running with or passing the ball , while the team without control of the ball , the defense , aims to stop their advance and take control of the ball for themselves . The offense must advance at least ten yards in four downs , or plays , or else they turn over the football to the opposing team ; if they succeed , they are given a new set of four downs . Points are primarily scored by advancing the ball into the opposing team 's end zone for a touchdown or kicking the ball through the opponent 's goalposts for a field goal . The team with the most points at the end of a game wins . American football evolved in the United States , originating from the sports of association football and rugby football . The first game of American football was played on November 6 , 1869 , between two college teams , Rutgers and Princeton , under rules based on the association football rules of the time . During the latter half of the 1870s , colleges playing association football switched to the Rugby Union code , which allowed carrying the ball . A set of rule changes drawn up from 1880 onward by Walter Camp , the `` Father of American Football '' , established the snap , eleven-player teams , and the concept of downs ; later rule changes legalized the forward pass , created the neutral zone , and specified the size and shape of the football . American football as a whole is the most popular sport in the United States . Professional football and college football are the most popular forms of the game , with the other major levels being high school and youth football . , nearly 1.1 million high school athletes and 70,000 college athletes play the sport in the United States annually , almost all of them men , with a few exceptions . The National Football League , the most popular American football league , has the highest average attendance of any professional sports league in the world ; its championship game , the Super Bowl , ranks among the most-watched club sporting events in the world , and the league has an annual revenue of around US$ 10 billion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2a65c7f1f8e296d4690bf6351809e65", "text": "Mass Transit Super Bowl The Mass Transit Super Bowl was a public transportation plan and marketing strategy conceived for Super Bowl XLVIII and Super Bowl Week , a series of events leading up to the February 2 , 2014 , football game between the Denver Broncos and the Seattle Seahawks . It was originally projected that over 400,000 people would come to the New York -- New Jersey region for the game and related activities , and that over 80,000 would attend the game itself ; actual patronage of the metropolitan area during that time was projected to be over 500,000 . Metropolitan area transit agencies worked with the National Football League , organizers of the event , and developed special services , schedules , fares , and maps to promote the use of mass transit during the week , which began with the arrival of teams on January 26 . On game day , those traveling by train experienced overcrowding and long delays due to miscalculated estimations and an unanticipated surge of passengers , leading to much criticism of the plan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bdd4ffb028dd2b0d89aee1c1bb12c389", "text": "2001–02 NFL playoffs The National Football League playoffs for the 2001 season began on January 12 , 2002 . The postseason tournament concluded with the New England Patriots defeating the St. Louis Rams in Super Bowl XXXVI , 20 -- 17 , on February 3 , at the Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans , Louisiana . For the first time , the NFL scheduled prime time playoff games for the first two rounds in an attempt to attract more television viewers . Saturday wild card and divisional playoff games were moved from 12:30 p.m. and 4:00 p.m. EST to 4:30 p.m. and 8:00 p.m. , respectively . Thus , the league abandoned its practice of scheduling colder , northern playoff games for daylight hours only ; any stadium , regardless of evening January temperatures , could host prime time playoff games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6336caa3168c0310c305f9d03f468660", "text": "2012 NCAA football bowl games In college football , 2012 NCAA football bowl games may refer to : 2011 -- 12 NCAA football bowl games , for games played in January 2012 as part of the 2011 season . 2012 -- 13 NCAA football bowl games , for games played in December 2012 as part of the 2012 season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7efc92d31b8a8f86d803fb0d214ef638", "text": "NFC East The NFC East is a division of the National Football League ( NFL ) 's National Football Conference ( NFC ) . It currently has four members : the Philadelphia Eagles , the New York Giants , the Dallas Cowboys , and the Washington Redskins . The division was formed in 1967 as the National Football League Capitol Division , keeping with the theme of having all of the league 's divisions starting with the letter `` C. '' The division was so named because it was centered on the capital of the United States , Washington , D.C. . In 1967 and 1969 the teams in the NFL Capitol Division were Dallas , Philadelphia , Washington and the expansion New Orleans Saints , which had been replaced by the New York Giants for the 1968 season . Its most recent Super Bowl champions are the New York Giants .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6691e846e6e08e23c520f3fc5970ff38", "text": "2004 NFL Draft The 2004 NFL draft was the procedure by which National Football League teams selected amateur college football players . It is officially known as the NFL Annual Player Selection Meeting . The draft was held April 24 -- 25 , 2004 at the Theater at Madison Square Garden in New York City . No teams chose to claim any players in the supplemental draft that year . The draft was shown on ESPN both days and eventually moved to ESPN2 both days . The draft began with the San Diego Chargers selecting Mississippi quarterback Eli Manning with the first overall selection . Manning was later traded to the New York Giants for their first selection , fourth overall pick Philip Rivers of NC State . There were 32 compensatory selections distributed among 16 teams , with the Eagles , Rams , and Jets each receiving 4 compensatory picks . The draft set several records , including the most wide receivers selected in the first round , with seven . Another record set by the draft was the most trades in the first round , with twenty-eight trades . The University of Miami set an NFL record for the most first rounders drafted with 6 . Ohio State set an NFL draft record having 14 total players selected through all rounds . As of 2012 , this draft also has two other records attached to it : it became the draft with the shortest time between having multiple quarterbacks being drafted and starting for Super Bowl winners ( Ben Roethlisberger for the 2005 Steelers , and Manning for the 2007 Giants ) and it has become the first draft ever to have produced two QBs who each won multiple Super Bowls ( with Roethlisberger winning his second in 2008 and Eli his second in 2011 ) . The 255 players chosen in the draft were composed of : __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9dbcfd22d81df94597e96188599d9857", "text": "2013 Rose Bowl The 2013 Rose Bowl , the 99th edition of the annual game , was a college football bowl game played on Tuesday , January 1 , 2013 , at the same-named stadium in Pasadena , California . The Pasadena Tournament of Roses Association is the organizer of the game . The game matched Big Ten Conference Champions Wisconsin Badgers against the Pac-12 Conference Champions Stanford Cardinal , a rematch of the same two teams in the 2000 Rose Bowl . The Cardinal defeated the Badgers 20 -- 14 for the Rose Bowl Championship . This was Wisconsin 's third consecutive Rose Bowl defeat . Because of sponsorship by Vizio , the first game in the 2013 edition of the Bowl Championship Series was officially titled the Rose Bowl Game presented by VIZIO . The contest was televised on ESPN with a radio broadcast on ESPN Radio and XM Satellite Radio , which began at 1:30 PM ( PST ) with kickoff at 2:10 PM ( PST ) . The Rose Bowl Game , themed `` Oh , the Places You 'll Go ! '' , was a contractual sell-out , with 64,500 tickets allocated to the participating teams and conferences . The remaining tickets went to the Tournament of Roses members , sponsors , City of Pasadena residents , and the general public .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "17d0354a145faf4c2aa879418d48894e", "text": "2011 TicketCity Bowl The 2011 TicketCity Bowl was a college football bowl game played at Cotton Bowl in Dallas , Texas . The game was played on January 1 , 2011 , at 12:00 p.m. ET and was telecast on ESPNU . This game replaced the Cotton Bowl Classic , which moved from its long-time home to Cowboys Stadium in nearby Arlington in 2010 , and pitted the Northwestern Wildcats from the Big Ten Conference against the Texas Tech Red Raiders from the Big 12 Conference . The game was originally labeled `` The Dallas Football Classic , '' but on November 8 , 2010 , a deal was announced for TicketCity to become the title sponsor of the bowl .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee70db8f33180b6006ae7289731ca765", "text": "1994–95 NFL playoffs The National Football League playoffs for the 1994 season began on December 31 , 1994 . The postseason tournament concluded with the San Francisco 49ers defeating the San Diego Chargers in Super Bowl XXIX , 49 -- 26 , on January 29 , 1995 , at Joe Robbie Stadium in Miami , Florida .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "166ebb285e2fa85e9b23d1cc50fe33e7", "text": "1996 NFL season The 1996 NFL season was the 77th regular season of the National Football League and the season was marked by notable controversies from beginning to end . The season ended with Super Bowl XXXI when the Green Bay Packers defeated the New England Patriots 35-21 at the Louisiana Superdome .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7e014be10abeb05a116d57a0a1207686", "text": "2012 Miami Dolphins season The Miami Dolphins season was the franchise 's 43rd season in the National Football league ( NFL ) , and the 47th overall in the American Football Conference Eastern Division ( AFC East ) . The season concluded with the Dolphins finishing second in the AFC Eastern Division with a 7 -- 9 record , and no postseason play for the fourth consecutive season . The Dolphins entered the season under new head coach Joe Philbin , with hopes of revitalizing the franchise from three consecutive losing seasons under head coach Tony Sparano . The team started with drafting quarterback Ryan Tannehill in the first round of the NFL draft , to compete for the starting job against incumbent Matt Moore and free agent David Garrard . Tannehill was eventually named the team 's regular season starter heading in the second preseason game against the Carolina Panthers . The team finished the preseason with an 0 -- 4 record for the third time in franchise history . The Dolphins opened the regular season with a disappointing 10 -- 30 loss against the Houston Texans , but a week later ended up with an impressive 35 -- 13 win over the Oakland Raiders . Following the win , the Dolphins lost two close overtime games against the Arizona Cardinals and division rival New York Jets . However , Miami was able to come back and win three consecutive games including a blow out rematch with the New York Jets , but after close critical loses to the Indianapolis Colts , division rival Buffalo Bills and New England Patriots , the Dolphins were unable to achieve a winning season . Ryan Tannehill became the first rookie quarterback in Dolphins history to complete a full season as the team 's starting quarterback . During the week four game against the Arizona Cardinals , Tannehill broke former Dolphins quarterback Dan Marino 's single-game rookie passing record with 431 passing yards and came one yard short of breaking Cam Newton 's NFL rookie single-game passing record . In the same game wide receiver Brian Hartline broke the Dolphins single-game receiving record with 12 reception for 253 yards .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "4c53e2b5f497d9287fbfd54bef2326a2", "text": "Kid Rock Robert James Ritchie ( born January 17 , 1971 ) , known professionally as Kid Rock , is an American singer , rapper , songwriter , musician , record producer , and actor . His 1998 album Devil Without a Cause sold 14 million copies worldwide . He is a five-time Grammy Award nominee and has sold 25 million albums in the U.S. according to Nielsen SoundScan . The RIAA certified him selling 23.5 million albums . He has sold over 35 million records worldwide and he was Soundscan 's number-one selling male solo musician of the 2000s , selling 17.6 million albums ; he was 17th overall for the decade . Rock performed rap and hip hop with five releases between 1990 and 1997 , including a reissue and an EP . After signing a recording contract with Atlantic Records in 1998 , he gained commercial success in the rap rock genre behind the singles `` Bawitdaba '' , `` Cowboy '' and `` Only God Knows Why '' ( the latter foreshadowing his move into country rock ) . After the success of Devil Without a Cause in 2000 , he released The History of Rock , a compilation of remixed and remastered versions of songs from previous albums as well as the hit rock single , `` American Bad Ass '' . Rock 's follow-up records became more rock - , country - , and blues-oriented , starting with 2001 's Cocky . His collaboration with Sheryl Crow on the song `` Picture '' was his first country hit and biggest pop hit in the US to date charting at No. 4 on the Hot 100 . After 2003 's Kid Rock and 2006 's Live Trucker sales declined from the previous releases , he then released Rock n Roll Jesus in 2007 . The album featured the song `` All Summer Long '' , which charted at No. 1 in eight countries across Europe and Australia . In 2010 , he released Born Free , which featured an eponymous song that became the political campaign theme of Mitt Romney , the Republican nominee for President of the United States in the 2012 election . Rock released Rebel Soul on November 19 , 2012 behind the rock hit `` Let 's Ride '' . The album was certified gold in April 2013 . Kid Rock released First Kiss on February 24 , 2015 behind the hit title track .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c58a850aa4509be891a66dfb09a0a2fd", "text": "Born Free (Kid Rock album) Born Free is American artist Kid Rock 's eighth studio album . It released on November 16 , 2010 with the title track being its lead single . The album is a rock and roll collaboration produced by Rick Rubin featuring several high profile artists such as T.I. , Sheryl Crow , and Bob Seger . This is Kid Rock 's first album not to feature a Parental Advisory sticker and his first all-country album . Kid Rock described it as `` very organic blues-based rock and roll '' . Cable network TBS used the title track , `` Born Free '' , for its coverage of the 2010 Major League Baseball postseason . It was announced on June 16 , 2011 that Born Free was certified Platinum by the RIAA for shipments in excess of one million copies . This gives Kid Rock his sixth Platinum album certification in the US . A Michigan only promotion was released with the album . It was a 4-song EP called `` Racing Father Time '' .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "013c1bd5f11aa53dce7d934e80ecb5bc", "text": "2007 in downloadable songs for the Rock Band series The Rock Band series of music video games supports downloadable songs for the Xbox 360 , PlayStation 3 , and Wii versions through the consoles ' respective online services . Users can download songs on a track-by-track basis , with many of the tracks also offered as part of a `` song pack '' or complete album at a discounted rate . These packs are available for the Wii only on Rock Band 3 . Most downloadable songs are playable within every game mode , including the Band World Tour career mode . All downloadable songs released before October 26 , 2010 are cross-compatible between Rock Band , Rock Band 2 and Rock Band 3 , while those after only work with Rock Band 3 . Certain songs deemed `` suitable for all ages '' by Harmonix are also available for use in Lego Rock Band . The Wii version of Rock Band does not support downloadable content , but Rock Band 2 and Rock Band 3 do , with DLC first made available in January 2009 . Songs from the back catalogue of downloadable content were released for the Wii weekly in an effort by Harmonix to provide Wii players with every previously available song . Following the release of Rock Band 4 for the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One , all previously purchased downloadable content for Rock Band 3 and earlier is forward compatible ( with the exception of any downloadable content purchased for The Beatles : Rock Band ) within the same system family at no additional cost . 32 downloadable Rock Band songs were released in 2007 , 15 of which appeared alongside the launch of Rock Band on November 20 , including song packs for Queens of the Stone Age , Metallica , and The Police .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ebeefd8ae3a1e0865370fc106e492c6f", "text": "Planet Rock (song) `` Planet Rock '' is a 1982 song by Afrika Bambaataa & the Soulsonic Force . The song featured Marvella Murray , Yvette Murray , Melissa Johnson and Sandra Wheeler on additional background vocals . Although it was primarily an underground hit in the United States , Canada , and UK , it helped change the foundations of hip-hop and dance music and became one of the most influential pieces and a milestone and eventually an icon of the hip-hop , breakdance and electronic music cultures . It is credited with pioneering the genre and developing the electro style , building on the work of Kraftwerk , Yellow Magic Orchestra , and George Clinton , combined with distinctive Roland TR-808 beats , and helped pave the way for other genres such as techno , house and trance . In November 2004 , `` Planet Rock '' placed at number 240 on Rolling Stone 's list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time and number 10 in About.com 's Top 100 Rap Songs . `` Planet Rock '' peaked at number four on the soul chart and number forty-eight on the Hot 100 , and went to number three on the dance charts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "26f84e1a1a27a6dd9d7d200a3420443f", "text": "Kid (Peter Andre song) `` Kid '' is a song by British Australian singer and songwriter Peter Andre . The song was released in the United Kingdom on 9 February 2014 as the lead single from his tenth studio album Big Night ( 2014 ) . The song peaked at number 144 on the UK Singles Chart . The song was chosen for the 2014 DreamWorks Animation movie Mr. Peabody & Sherman and was also used in the Autumn Iceland TV commercials .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b4d463e8c65a3b887eef87c06991f40", "text": "All My Life (In the Ghetto) `` All My Life ( In the Ghetto ) '' is a song by American hip hop recording artist Jay Rock , released October 16 , 2008 , as his commercial debut single and the lead single from his debut studio album , Follow Me Home ( 2011 ) . The song , which was released under Top Dawg Entertainment ( TDE ) and Warner Bros. . Records , was produced by American production team Cool & Dre and features vocals from fellow American rappers , Lil Wayne and will.i.am .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ebdcd2ba4645b03622ca8300357c5bfe", "text": "Rock City (duo) Rock City is an American musical duo formed in 2003 , from Saint Thomas , U.S. Virgin Islands . The duo , composed of brothers Theron and Timothy Thomas , who use the stage names , A.I. and Uptown AP respectively , and they also are a songwriting and record production team . The duo have also released music under the namesakes R. City and Planet VI . Their debut album , What Dreams Are Made Of , was released in 2015 . They are known for single `` Locked Away '' featuring Adam Levine . In 2007 , the duo signed with Geffen Records and American singer Akon 's KonLive Distribution . During their time there they released a series of mixtapes with the primary title , PTFAO ( Put the F*ckin' Album Out ) -- a reference to the fact that their then-debut album Wake the Neighbors , had not been given a release date . In 2011 , the duo were released from their contract with KonLive and subsequently founded Rebelution Records . In 2014 , they signed a record deal with RCA Records and Dr. Luke 's Kemosabe Records . The Thomas brothers have written and produced for several prominent artists , including Jamaican singer Sean Kingston ( `` Take You There '' ) , American singer Miley Cyrus ( `` We Ca n't Stop '' ) , Trinidadian rapper Nicki Minaj ( `` Only '' ) and Barbadian popstar Rihanna ( `` Pour It Up '' ) . The duo has also contributed to numerous Grammy-nominated albums including Rihanna 's Unapologetic ( which won Best Urban Contemporary Album ) , Jennifer Hudson 's self-titled album ( which won Best R&B Album ) , and Ariana Grande 's My Everything ( which was nominated for Best Pop Vocal Album ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "71470a506ffed6f7c15a2680dfc23eda", "text": "Rock Yo Hips `` Rock Yo Hips '' is the first single of the hip hop/crunk group Crime Mob 's second studio album , Hated on Mostly . The song was released on August 29 , 2006 as a digital download single on iTunes . The music video directed by Dr. Teeth premiered on BET.com on November 7 , 2006 . The style of the video is inspired by Historically black colleges , such as Morehouse and Spelman , in Atlanta and featured African-American fraternities such as Phi Beta Sigma , Omega Psi Phi , Alpha Phi Alpha and Kappa Alpha Psi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "294033ca1157670e5256785c45b92189", "text": "Soulsonic Force Soulsonic Force ( also referred to as Afrika Bambaataa & Soulsonic Force ) was an American electro-funk and hip hop ensemble led by Afrika Bambaataa who helped establish hip-hop in the early 1980s with songs such as `` Planet Rock '' . They were also influential in the birth of the electro movement in America and helped pave the way for modern dance music styles such as electro-funk as well as the entire Miami bass scene . In 1982 , Soulsonic Force and Afrika Bambaataa released a single called `` Planet Rock '' . The song borrowed musical motifs from German electro-pop , British rock and African-American disco rap . All the different elements and musical styles were blended together ; and in doing so , offered hip hop as a new vision for global harmony . The song became an immediate hit and stormed the music charts worldwide . Their most well-known songs are `` Planet Rock '' , `` Looking for the Perfect Beat '' and `` Renegades of Funk '' ( which is one of the earliest political-conscious rap songs , alongside Grandmaster Flash & the Furious Five 's `` The Message '' ) . Soulsonic Force features on the title track of the freestylers ' debut album , We Rock Hard .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ed972e3997d821c646d6471ba28c2aaa", "text": "X-Kid `` X-Kid '' is a song by American punk rock band Green Day . The song was recorded by the band for their eleventh studio album , ¡ Tre ! . It was released as a single February 12 , 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e7e280a35de8700cdcea1b3e32449bbe", "text": "Chuck Inglish Evan Ingersoll ( born October 7 , 1984 ) , better known by his stage name Chuck Inglish , is an American rapper from Mount Clemens , Michigan and one half of the hip-hop duo The Cool Kids with Sir Michael Rocks . His debut album Convertibles was released on April 8 , 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33d4a41f38b707f9026c1aa1767e2e85", "text": "Juvenile (rapper) Terius Gray ( born March 25 , 1977 ) , better known by his stage name Juvenile , is an American rapper , actor , and songwriter . He is also a member of the hip hop group The Hot Boys . At the age of 19 , he began recording raps , releasing his debut album Being Myself in 1995 . He became popular when his 1999 single `` Back That Thang Up '' was released . In 2003 , he returned to Cash Money Records to record Juve the Great , spawning the number-one hit `` Slow Motion '' . Following this album he again left Cash Money , and in 2006 he was signed to Atlantic Records . He released Reality Check under that label . His latest album , The Fundamentals , was released in February 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6053fcc548df395126e716c437be135b", "text": "The Block (album) The Block is the fifth studio album by New Kids on the Block . The album was released on September 2 , 2008 , along with a deluxe edition that included four bonus tracks . It sold 100,000 copies in its first week of release and debuted at number one on the U.S. Top Pop Albums chart and at number two on the Billboard 200 . Several artists collaborated on the album , such as Ne-Yo , Lady Gaga , The Pussycat Dolls , Akon , Teddy Riley and New Edition . The first official single from the album is `` Summertime '' and the song was released on May 13 , 2008 . The second official single titled `` Single '' featuring Ne-Yo was released on August 12 , 2008 . The third single `` Dirty Dancing '' was released on December 19 . The single was the album 's most successful single in Europe and Canada , peaking at number 31 and reaching the number-one position on the CHUM Chart in Toronto on February 21 , 2009 after twelve weeks on the chart . The album 's fourth single , `` 2 in the Morning '' , was officially released February 23 , 2009 in the United States and the United Kingdom . It is the group 's first studio album in fourteen years since Face the Music .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03e6b84fbe5f14472c83618dd6d04ec6", "text": "Rock Hard `` Rock Hard '' is a single by the Beastie Boys , released by Def Jam Records on 12 '' in 1984 . The song , and the accompanying songs on the 12 '' , feature the band 's first major label rap effort . The track contains samples from the AC/DC song `` Back in Black '' , which was used without obtaining legal permission - thereby causing the record to be promptly withdrawn . Later , when the group planned to include the out-of-print song on their 1999 compilation , Beastie Boys Anthology : The Sounds of Science , AC/DC refused to allow the sample to be used . Mike D spoke to AC/DC 's Malcolm Young personally on the phone when their lawyers refused to clear the sample , and later said that `` AC/DC could not get with the sample concept . They were just like , ` Nothing against you guys , but we just do n't endorse sampling . ' '' Ad-Rock then added `` So we told them that we do n't endorse people playing guitars . '' The cover design is also famous for now being the official Def Jam records logo for vinyl releases ; to this day , vinyl singles released by Def Jam have this design . Long removed from print , it was considered a rare collector 's item until Def Jam reissued the single in Europe in 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9bf67488c2954846e3d1d19fc5cb977f", "text": "School Dayz School Dayz is the first and only studio album released by child rapper Baby DC . It was released on September 29 , 1998 as the first release through Too Short and Jive Records ' $ hort Records imprint . Bay-Area producer and frequent Too Short collaborator Ant Banks handled most of the album 's production . School Dayz was released before So So Def 's Lil ' Bow Wow and No Limit 's Lil Soldiers and Lil Romeo were releasing charting albums . However , due to limited promotion , School Dayz did not reach any Billboard charts . However , the single `` Bounce , Rock , Skate , Roll '' did make it to both the R&B and rap charts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bee2399a7ad5bcdc2a98879d31b698cb", "text": "Sans Pression Sans Pression is a Québécois hip hop group . It once had two members , SP and Ti-Kid aka Kamokain . After the release of their first album Ti-Kid left . SP is Congolese and Ti-Kid is a Haitian . Sans Pression is one of the top groups in the Québécois hip hop scene . Their first album sold 30,000 copies . SP , whose real name is Kamenga Mbikay , is still recording albums under the Sans Pression name . SP was born in 1976 , in Buffalo , United States , to Congolese parents . He grew up in Sherbrooke , Saint-Bruno and Montreal . The Sans Pression group was founded by him and his friend at the time , Jean-Philippe Guillaume , known as Ti-Kid , in 1997 . Their 1st album , entitled `` 514-50 dans mon réseau '' ( 514-50 in my networks , 514 being an area code of Montreal and 450 for Greater Montreal ( excluding Montreal ) ) , was released in 1999 and sold over 45,000 copies ; they proceeded go on tour together until a fallout led to their separation . Ti-Kid left Quebec in order to pursue Creole rap projects . A second SP album , `` Répliques aux ofusqués '' ( Response to the Outraged ) was made and released without Ti-Kid in 2003 . This album was also a popular success for SP . In 2007 , SP took part in a tour called `` 93 tours '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2beb645f3c920513e01707fa3131e10d", "text": "Indie hip-hop Indie hip hop ( short for independent hip hop ) is hip hop that primarily exists in the independent underground music scene . The term underground hip hop may be used to describe both indie hip hop ( which is defined by its artists being unsigned or signed to independent record labels , rather than major record labels ) as well as alternative hip hop ( which is defined by music that diverges from mainstream hip hop music such as Gangsta rap . ) As the term `` indie hip hop '' is indicative of the musicians making the music rather than the music itself , it is not strictly a genre but rather covers a range of styles with clearly discernable hip hop characteristics . Like indie rock artists , many indie hip hop artists place a premium on maintaining complete control of their music and careers , releasing albums on independent record labels ( sometimes their own ) and relying on touring , word-of-mouth , and air play on independent or college radio stations for promotion . Some of its more popular artists , however , may end up moving to major labels , though often on favorable terms won by their prior independent success . Independent hip hop labels include Babygrande Records , Definitive Jux , Nature Sounds Records and Strange Famous Records . Notable indie hip hop artists include 7L & Esoteric , Bronze Nazareth , Chief Kamachi , Lord Jamar , Mr. Lif , Jedi Mind Tricks , OuterSpace , The Perceptionists , WMR Music Group and The Society of Invisibles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f42e10ed11fe2988ee2cebc5b977b16e", "text": "Rock the Bells Rock the Bells was an annual hip-hop festival that originally took place in Southern California only , but has since toured throughout the world . The concert featured a line-up of high-profile alternative hip-hop artists , often headlined by a more mainstream artist . The first festival was held in 2004 , featuring a re-united Wu-Tang Clan , who performed four months before Ol' Dirty Bastard 's death . That festival is covered in depth by a documentary film also called Rock the Bells .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a1b5cd3e318c205dd68c28fa2e12220", "text": "Rock City Club Rock City Club was created by Jack Wishna , Ofek Hayon , Brian Silver , music promoter Don Kirshner , and Michael Jackson The management team , partners , and investors attracted to the business include Internet entrepreneurs and music industry executives . One of the original creators of MTV and co-founder of Internet service provider NetZero are listed among the company 's board . It was described by the company as `` the music industry 's first Social Music Network '' . Some of the biggest music producers in the world , with 162 Grammy Awards to their names , participate in Rock City Club . The Rockcityclub.com `` Producers ' Circle '' includes Phil Ramone and Ron Dante and the people behind acts such as Lady Gaga , Madonna , Jay-Z , Michael Jackson , and Amy Winehouse . In 2012 , Rock City Club partnered with Slacker online music service to create what it described as the world 's first internet music channel devoted exclusively to giving undiscovered artists and bands the chance to have their music heard by millions of potential fans . The channel was headed by Ron Dante and includes the production expertise of people like Phil Ramone , Kerry Gordy ( son of Motown legend Berry Gordy ) , and Lamont Dozier .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "936feedf9514514a5fb315a27a088bb3", "text": "Aesop Rock discography Aesop Rock is an American hip hop artist currently signed to Rhymesayers Entertainment . His discography consists of seven studio albums , and three EPs , as well as ten singles , four collaborations , one compilation , nine music videos , and many appearances on other artists ' tracks and on compilations . Aesop initially recorded and released two self-financed records , Music for Earthworms in 1997 and the Appleseed EP in 1999 . After being signed to the Mush label , Aesop Rock released his first major album , Float in 2000 . Shortly thereafter , Aesop Rock signed to Manhattan-based hip hop label Definitive Jux , where he has since released Labor Days in 2001 , Bazooka Tooth in 2003 , and None Shall Pass in 2007 . Skelethon , was released by Rhymesayers Entertainment in 2012 . The Impossible Kid was released by Rhymesayers Entertainment in April 2016 . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c9b29638fd775ee7c368ac73abddbd34", "text": "Mike E. Clark Mike Earl Clark is an American record producer and DJ from Detroit , Michigan . Clark is best known for his work with Insane Clown Posse , for which he has produced nine studio albums , and Kid Rock . Clark has produced solo material for members Violent J and Shaggy 2 Dope , in addition to contributing production to artists signed to the Psychopathic Records label founded by Insane Clown Posse .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "fba07577370b3e6dcaeaa87b6953d4da", "text": "Diamonds (Rihanna song) `` Diamonds '' is a song recorded by Barbadian singer Rihanna for her seventh studio album , Unapologetic ( 2012 ) . It was written by Sia Furler together with its producers , Benny Blanco and StarGate . The song premiered on September 26 , 2012 , during the Elvis Duran and the Morning Show and was digitally released the following day as the lead single from Unapologetic . Def Jam Recordings serviced the single to contemporary hit radio in the United States on October 2 . `` Diamonds '' is a mid-tempo pop , electronic and R&B ballad that features heavy synthesizers , orchestral sounds and electronic rhythms . The song 's lyrics serve as a departure from the themes of unhealthy relationships that were on Rihanna 's previous singles and contain a prominent concept of love . `` Diamonds '' topped music charts in over twenty countries , including the United States , where it became Rihanna 's twelfth number one single on the Billboard Hot 100 and tied her with Madonna and The Supremes for the fifth-most number one singles in the chart 's history . `` Diamonds '' was certified quintuple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) and sold over 3.5 million digital copies in the country . By May 2013 , it had sold over 7.5 million copies worldwide and became one of the best-selling singles of all-time . The song 's music video was shot by director Anthony Mandler , a frequent collaborator of Rihanna 's , and depicts her in four environments that represent the elements of earth , air , water , and fire . The video received positive reviews and was praised for its imagery . Some critics believe that the heavily tattooed man intertwined with Rihanna 's arm in the video resembles Chris Brown . The singer performed `` Diamonds '' on television shows such as Saturday Night Live and The X Factor and included it on the 777 , Diamonds , Monster Tour and the Anti World Tour set lists . The American Society of Composers , Authors and Publishers ( ASCAP ) recognized it as one of the most performed songs of 2013 and 2014 . The official remix of `` Diamonds '' featured rapper Kanye West and was released on November 16 , 2012 . The song has been covered by various recording artists , including Josef Salvat , who released his own cover of `` Diamonds '' as a single .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "70ceff98c7d81942e5b30902c5997740", "text": "Jwaneng diamond mine The Jwaneng diamond mine is the richest diamond mine in the world and is located in south-central Botswana about 120 km west of the city of Gaborone , in the Naledi river valley of the Kalahari . Jwaneng , meaning `` a place of small stones '' , is owned by Debswana , a partnership between the De Beers company and the government of Botswana . It is the second newest of four mines operated by the company , having begun operations in 1982 . Jwaneng is an open pit mine . The mine produces 9.3 million tons per year of ore and an additional 37 million tons per year of waste rock . The mine is located on three kimberlite pipes that converge near the surface , covering 520,000 square metres at ground level . Currently , the mine produces approximately 11 million carats ( 2,200 kg ) of diamonds . The recoverable ore grade at the mine is about 1.25 carats per ton ( 250 mg/t ) . , known reserves will allow production at current levels to continue for 27 years . The high rate of diamond extraction , combined with high quality diamonds fetching excellent per weight prices , make the Jwaneng diamond mine the richest diamond mine in the world by value of recovered diamonds . Jwaneng employs over 2,100 people . The mine also owns and operates a local hospital and Jwaneng Airport . The mine maintains an ISO 14001 certificate for environmental compliance , being the first mine in Botswana to achieve this certification in 2000 . Jwaneng is known for its excellent safety record , winning multiple national and international safety awards . The Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus ( ETM + ) instrument on NASA 's Landsat 7 satellite acquired this image of the Jwaneng Diamond Mine on May 17 , 2001 . The arid , flat landscape that fills most of this image appears in varying shades of brown , crisscrossed by pale beige roads . The Jwaneng Diamond Mine appears in the upper left quadrant of the picture , and a residential area appears near the bottom center . At the center of the diamond mine , a series of concentric circles cut deeper and deeper into the ground . Surrounding the pit is a network of roads and structures related to the mining operation . The settlement southeast of the mine contrasts with the arid landscape as much as the mine does . Here , tiny dots of green hint at trees and grassy parks . The pale beige rectangles around the perimeter of this image are probably crops or fallow fields . The Jwaneng mining lease includes the Jwana Game Park , which includes a field unit of Cheetah Conservation Botswana . The game park is also host to the globally threatened lappet-faced vulture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b66812ccc2510d6f2d96a1639df33301", "text": "Genuine Diamond Genuine Diamond is the tenth studio album by the Japanese hard rock band Show-Ya . It was released on March 7 , 2012 and is the first studio album recorded with the original line-up since Hard Way of 1990 , 22 years before . The song `` Fairy '' from their album Ways of 1986 was re-recorded for this album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d6aea5a339e6b7d679c70edebef7567", "text": "Love and Other Disasters (album) Love and Other Disasters is the third album by Swedish heavy metal band Sonic Syndicate . It was released on September 19 , 2008 and on October 14 in North America . In addition to the standard-edition album , a digipack version of the album was made available featuring two bonus tracks and a DVD . Since released in the United States , the album has sold around 800 copies in its first week to land on the Billboard Heatseekers chart at 85 . Love and Other Disasters is the last album by the band to feature former singer Roland Johansson , and producer Jonas Kjellgren ( although Kjellgren still did some work with the band besides production on their latest release ) . On June 27 , the lead single of the album called `` Jack of Diamonds '' was released to radio , the same day it was performed live for the first time on the Metaltown Festival in 2008 . It has since spawned three other singles : `` My Escape '' , `` Power Shift '' , and `` Contradiction '' . A 14th track entitled `` Freeman '' was also made but did n't make it to the album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c71a5496dd5914e48fcdb99e2f9f4eb", "text": "Diamond Mine (King Creosote & Jon Hopkins album) Diamond Mine is a collaborative studio album by Scottish singer-songwriter King Creosote and English electronica musician Jon Hopkins , released on 28 March 2011 through Domino Records . Inspired by the East Neuk of Fife , the album combines Creosote 's songs with field recordings by Hopkins . Upon release , Creosote stated : `` I really do n't know what to do next , because , in some ways , I 'm at that peak . I do n't know where to go from here . '' The album was subsequently followed by the EP , Honest Words in September 2011 , and the double a-side single , `` John Taylor 's Month Away '' / `` Missionary '' in February 2012 . Diamond Mine was nominated for the 2011 Mercury Prize , with Creosote noting , `` I was n't expecting it at all . -LSB- ... -RSB- There 's been a lot of people in the media nailing their colours to the mast with this record , and that 's quite encouraging -- to know that we 've got supporters , and a lot of them . I 'm not expecting to win , but just to be on that list . This is something I 've been on the outside of forever , and now here we are . It 's all good . It makes up for not selling records , anyway ! '' The album sold 25,000 copies in 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3bb4033bfa8878aa430c81e7ce336e38", "text": "Demons to Diamonds (album) Demons to Diamonds is the fifth and final studio album by the British rock/pop band Visage . It was released on 6 November 2015 , nine months after the death of lead vocalist Steve Strange .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9fe6c7760781b5ee37be71800cf07955", "text": "Mighty Diamonds Mighty Diamonds are a Jamaican harmony trio , recording roots reggae with a strong Rastafarian influence . The group was formed in 1969 and remains together as of 2012 . They are best known for their 1976 debut album Right Time produced by Joseph Hoo Kim and the 1979 release Deeper Roots .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93b676380548c1f107f76cace329e220", "text": "Diamond in the Ruff Diamond in the Ruff is the fourth studio album by American hip hop recording artist Freeway , released worldwide by Babygrande Records on November 27 , 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7cc6404df91f1169c0076db85a0c326d", "text": "My Brightest Diamond My Brightest Diamond is the project of singer -- songwriter and multi-instrumentalist Shara Nova . The band has released four studio albums , 2006 's Bring Me the Workhorse , 2008 's A Thousand Shark 's Teeth , 2011 's All Things Will Unwind , and 2014 's This Is My Hand , along with remix albums Tear It Down and Shark Remixes , Volumes 1-4 . Nova has also recorded and performed with The Decemberists ( as `` The Queen '' on their album Hazards of Love ) and Sufjan Stevens ' albums Illinoise and The Age of Adz .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d9e10e2fa6d0ef682d86f5ee4b0f66b", "text": "I've Got Mine `` I 've Got Mine '' was the second official song released by the English rock band Small Faces in 1965 . The song failed to chart despite receiving favourable reviews in the British music press . `` I 've Got Mine '' is a hard-hitting , moody R&B song and the first Small Faces single release written entirely by the songwriting duo of the band , Steve Marriott and Ronnie Lane , and features Marriott on main vocals . The song 's release was planned to coincide with the release of ` pop/cop ' crime film Dateline Diamonds about diamond smugglers . Small Faces appear in the film performing the song , however the film was not shown in cinemas until long after the single was released into the UK singles chart and so the group lost out on the expected media exposure and publicity . The song was revisited by the band in 1968 . A new instrumental version was recorded and released as the title track from the album Ogden 's Nut Gone Flake . It was after the release of `` I 've Got Mine '' that Jimmy Winston was released from the band and replaced by keyboardist Ian McLagan ( formerly of The Muleskinners ) . Winston co-wrote the B-side `` It 's too Late '' with Marriott and Lane . Dateline Diamonds was mainly conceived by music publisher , Harold Shampan , as a publicity vehicle for up-and-coming talent . The plot revolves around smuggling diamonds between the Netherlands and the UK , via the ship , the MV Galaxy , concealed inside the band 's demo tape boxes ( unbeknownst to the Wonderful Radio London management ) . It featured the actors William Lucas , Kenneth Cope , George Mikell , Conrad Phillips , DJ Kenny Everett ( as himself ) and Patsy Rowlands . It was directed by Jeremy Summers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f9d56bbb109067f680815352af1f5a5", "text": "IV (Diamond Rio album) IV is the fourth studio album released by American country music band Diamond Rio . It produced the Top 5 singles `` Walkin ' Away '' , `` That 's What I Get for Lovin ' You '' and `` Holdin ' '' , as well as the # 15 `` It 's All in Your Head '' . `` She Misses Him on Sunday the Most '' was released as a single in Germany only . The album itself was certified gold in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c1ddb9fe6078fa8b1bfa6b3dfb8c2626", "text": "Behold the Beginning Behold the Beginning is a compilation album by the heavy metal band Diamond Head . It was released after their poorly received Canterbury album and subsequent break-up and is composed mostly of tracks from the band 's debut album , Lightning to the Nations , as well as the non-LP single `` Waited Too Long '' and its B-side `` Play It Loud '' . The album was remixed by the band 's guitarist Brian Tatler . Behold the Beginning was later re-released in 1991 by Heavy Metal Records on CD format .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70d7fd7cdd0b5954171295459f321048", "text": "A Thousand Hearts A Thousands Hearts is the fifth solo album by Irish folksinger Cara Dillon . A Thousand Hearts features more traditional production and arrangements than her first three albums . The album contains traditional songs ( including two sung in Irish Gaelic ) as well as two modern covers , `` Shotgun Down the Avalanche '' by Shawn Colvin and `` River Run '' . The album was produced by Sam Lakeman , Dillon 's musical partner and husband . `` Shotgun Down the Avalanche '' and `` Bright Morning Star '' were recorded for the Transatlantic Sessions 6 in 2013 . In August 2014 , `` Bright Morning Star '' became the first folk track to be included on a NOW That 's What I Call Chill compilation ; it appeared with songs by Maroon 5 , Ed Sheeran , Coldplay , and Ellie Goulding .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "49ee6dc3ae6fbc5febf6adfe67a90c57", "text": "Dunes (album) Dunes is the second studio album by American rock band Gardens & Villa . Produced by Tim Goldsworthy it was released on 4 February 2014 on Secretly Canadian . The band recorded the album at Key Club in Benton Harbor , Michigan . The group spent a month in the space working on the record , only leaving five times throughout the process . The album title , Dunes , was inspired by one of these ventures out of the studio to Michigan 's sand and snow dunes . With the album announcement , Gardens & Villa released the first single from the album , called `` Bullet Train . '' The album received generally favourable reviews .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f97c8e8f2157ee78378d2046fc77bb1", "text": "Heart (Stars album) Heart is an album by the Canadian indie rock band Stars , released on Paper Bag Records in Canada and on Arts & Crafts in the USA . The album features three regional covers : the Canadian cover features a man embracing a woman resting on his lap , the US cover features a billboard with a girl 's eyes gazing onward and the European cover features three girls spying out of a porthole . The album was originally released with a bonus promotional sampler of acts with current releases on Paper Bag , including Matthew Barber , Hawaii , The FemBots and Uncut . Two tracks from Heart were repeated on the sampler , along with a non-album bonus track , `` Timeless . '' The US release includes a hidden bonus track , a live version of `` The Comeback '' , originally taken from the 2001 EP of the same name . The track `` Look Up '' uses an English horn solo from the beginning of the third movement of Symphonie Fantastique by Berlioz and the track `` The Woods '' contains quotes from the movie Grey Gardens , the famed cult-classic documentary from 1975 . Videos for the songs `` Elevator Love Letter '' and `` Look Up '' were shot to promote this album . The album was recorded in the bedroom of keyboard player Chris Seligman on Avenue Mont-Royal in Montreal .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c08a2b627fe945deffe71127995f3b7", "text": "12 Songs (Neil Diamond album) 12 Songs is the twenty-sixth studio album by Neil Diamond , released in 2005 . It was his first album of all-original , all-new material since 2001 's Three Chord Opera . It was produced by Rick Rubin and is often erroneously cited as the first Diamond album since the Bang Records era to feature the artist playing acoustic guitar ; in truth he played guitar on his Uni/MCA output and his Columbia output , possibly uncredited on most , if not all , albums . The working title for the album was self-titled . The original pressing of the album was copy-protected using Sony 's controversial XCP technology .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb6814fd85d0e07a6919e00536bc7aa3", "text": "Touching You, Touching Me Touching You , Touching Me is the name of Neil Diamond 's fifth album . It was the first one since 1966 to feature renditions of other people 's material as well as his own . It included a major hit that had already charted , `` Holly Holy '' ( # 6 ) , and a minor one , `` Until It 's Time for You to Go '' ( # 53 ) . The album itself reached # 30 on the Billboard album chart and was certified gold . Lee Holdridge was the arranger and conductor . Despite its title coming from lyrics for the hit song `` Sweet Caroline '' , that track was not included on the US version as it was already on the previous Brother Love 's Travelling Salvation Show album . On the UK edition , `` Sweet Caroline '' was included as the last track on Side A.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "41d4c75e8064c5e1f6ca576cf79381d2", "text": "Gold: Recorded Live at the Troubadour Gold : Recorded Live at the Troubadour is a live album by singer/songwriter Neil Diamond . While no singles were released in support of the album , the opening track `` Lordy '' appeared as the B-side of `` Cracklin ' Rosie '' . This is the only recording available of this song .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f4273867145f36c8c7836d15140bb387", "text": "Nuestro Amor Nuestro Amor ( English : Our Love ) is the second studio album by Mexican pop band RBD . The album was released on September 22 , 2005 in Mexico , selling over 127,000 units in its first seven hours of release in the country , and 160,000 in the first week , enough for it to be certified Platinum almost instantly . It was eventually certified 3 × Platinum + Gold in Mexico . In the United States , the album was released on October 4 , 2005 and peaked at number 88 on the Billboard 200 albums chart . It also spent three weeks in a row at # 1 on the Billboard Top Latin Albums chart , selling over 100,000 units just in its first week of release . The album was released in Spain on October 30 , 2006 and has been certified 2 × Platinum in the region . The album was nominated for a Latin Grammy in the `` Best Pop Album by a Duo/Group with Vocals '' category at the 2006 Latin Grammy Awards . On March 2 , 2006 , a ` Diamond Edition ' of the album was released , which included the original 14 tracks , plus an interactive CD including wallpapers , videos , screensavers , plus two new unreleased tracks . The group eventually recorded a Portuguese-language version of the album for their fanbase in Brazil ; this edition was launched on May 22 , 2006 , and was titled Nosso Amor Rebelde . As of 2011 , Nuestro Amor has sold 12 million copies worldwide , making it RBD 's best selling album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3898f0c0744892509e1a65f70843824b", "text": "Just for You (Neil Diamond album) Just for You is the second album by Neil Diamond . Like his debut , it has never been released on CD , though all but two of the tracks were made available on the Classics : The Early Years compilation . All tracks are also available on the compilation album The Bang Years 1966-1968 . At some point or another , every single track on it was released either as an A-side or a B-side of a single , with many of them becoming big hits : `` You Got to Me '' ( # 18 ) , `` Girl , You 'll Be a Woman Soon '' ( # 10 ) , `` Thank the Lord for the Night Time '' ( # 13 ) , `` Red Red Wine '' ( # 62 ) , and `` Shilo '' ( # 24 in 1970 ) . Curiously , the year-old hit `` Cherry Cherry '' ( from Diamond 's first LP ) also appears here , while the then-current hit `` Kentucky Woman '' ( # 22 ) does not . `` Solitary Man '' also re-appears in its 1966 version . This version would be re-released in 1970 and chart at # 21 . This was Diamond 's first album consisting entirely of original material , and his final album for the Bang label .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a4a7b98ea4f9bb7ffb7089ead8c6c54", "text": "Double album A double album ( or double record ) is an audio album which spans two units of the primary medium in which it is sold , typically records and compact discs . A double album is usually though not always released as such , because the recording is longer than the capacity of the medium . Recording artists often think of double albums as comprising a single piece artistically ; however , there are exceptions such as John Lennon 's Some Time in New York City and Pink Floyd 's Ummagumma ( both examples of one studio record and one live album packaged together ) and OutKast 's Speakerboxxx/The Love Below ( effectively two solo albums , one by each member of the duo ) . A classic example of this idea is Works ( Volume One ) by Emerson Lake and Palmer , where side one was Keith Emerson , two Greg Lake , three Carl Palmer while side four was by the entire group . Since the advent of the compact disc , albums are sometimes released with a bonus disc featuring additional material as a supplement to the main album , with live tracks , studio out-takes , cut songs , or older unreleased material . One innovation is the accompaniment of a CD with a DVD of related material , such as video related to the album or DVD-Audio versions of the same recordings . These could be regarded as a new form of double album ; some such discs were also released on a two-sided format called DualDisc . Due to the limitations of the gramophone record , many albums primarily released on the format were under 40 minutes long . This has led to record labels re-releasing two of these albums on one CD , thus making a double album . The same principles apply to the triple album , which comprises three units . Packages with more units than three are often packaged as a box set .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "8c50ce3fdba9879525e819e7d1f48e2f", "text": "In & Out (film) In & Out is a 1997 American romantic comedy film directed by Frank Oz and starring Kevin Kline , Tom Selleck , Joan Cusack , Matt Dillon , Debbie Reynolds , and Wilford Brimley . It is an original story by screenwriter Paul Rudnick . Joan Cusack was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance . The film was inspired by Tom Hanks 's tearful speech when he accepted his 1994 Oscar ( for his role in Philadelphia ) , in which he mentioned his high-school drama coach Rawley Farnsworth , and his former classmate John Gilkerson , `` two of the finest gay Americans , two wonderful men that I had the good fortune to be associated with . '' The film became one of mainstream Hollywood 's few attempts at a comedic `` gay movie '' of its era , and was widely noted at the time for a 12-second kiss between Kevin Kline and Tom Selleck .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bed77ab6d14c5b391225e50f7a25768e", "text": "Joan Cusack Joan Cusack ( -LSB- ˈkjuːsæk -RSB- , born October 11 , 1962 ) is an American actress . She received Academy Award nominations for Best Supporting Actress for her roles in the romantic comedy-drama Working Girl ( 1988 ) and the romantic comedy In & Out ( 1997 ) , as well as one Golden Globe nomination for her performance in the latter . She is also known as the voice of Jessie in the Toy Story franchise . Cusack was a cast member on the comedy sketch show Saturday Night Live from 1985 to 1986 . She starred on the Showtime hit drama/comedy Shameless as Sheila Gallagher ( née Jackson ) , a role for which she has received five consecutive Emmy Award nominations , winning for the first time in 2015 . She is the sister of actress Ann and actor John Cusack .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "d5ca80ac8f89c0da3ee8dfa187d59aef", "text": "Dust (1985 film) Dust is a 1985 film directed by Marion Hänsel based on the J. M. Coetzee novel In the Heart of the Country . The film was shot in Spain and is a French-Belgian production . The film was selected as the Belgian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 58th Academy Awards , but was not accepted as a nominee . It won the Silver Lion prize , awarded to the best first or second major work by a director , at the 1985 Venice Film Festival . The jury recognised Jane Birkin 's performance as amongst the best of the year , but decided not to award a best actress prize because all of the actresses they judged to have made the best performances were in films that won major awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d7f8d63408b5af40b579b010e6282272", "text": "Joan Gerber Joan Gerber ( July 29 , 1935 -- August 22 , 2011 ) was an American voice actress who provided voices for a variety of cartoons . Her most challenging voice role was `` all the children in a Japanese train wreck '' for a Godzilla television episode . She voiced Freddy the Flute for H.R. Pufnstuf , which she identified as a favorite role . She also voiced the Queen of Oz in the animated cartoon Dorothy in the Land of Oz . She was described as talented and possessing a `` golden throat '' and a `` splendid singing voice '' . She had one daughter from her marriage to Frank Dowse . Gerber died on August 22 , 2011 , at the age of 76 . < ref name = SAG > Profile , Screen Actor 's Guild Magazine '' , Vol . 52 , No. 3 , pg . 76 ( Fall 2011 ) . </ref>", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e225048399f034d939dc257ee6cd8a9", "text": "Heat and Dust (film) Heat and Dust is a 1983 romantic drama film with a screenplay by Ruth Prawer Jhabvala based upon her novel , Heat and Dust . It was directed by James Ivory and produced by Ismail Merchant . It stars Greta Scacchi , Shashi Kapoor and Julie Christie . The plot of Heat and Dust follows two intertwined stories . The first is set in the 1920s and deals with an illicit affair between Olivia , the beautiful young wife of a British colonial official , and an Indian Nawab . The second , set in 1982 , deals with Anne , Olivia 's great-niece , who travels to India hoping to find out about her great-aunt 's life , and while there also has an affair with an Indian man . Heat and Dust forms part of a cycle of film and television productions which emerged during the first half of the 1980s , reflecting Britain 's growing interest in the British Raj . In addition to Heat and Dust , this cycle included Gandhi ( 1982 ) , The Jewel in the Crown ( 1984 ) , The Far Pavilions ( 1984 ) and A Passage to India ( 1984 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1790ca68cb6c1739b913b8aa027390e2", "text": "Piven Theatre Workshop The Piven Theatre Workshop is located in Evanston , Illinois and was founded by Joyce and Byrne Piven . For over 30 years , it has existed both as a professional theatre company and a training center for children and adults . Famous alumni to come out of the program include Jeremy Piven , John Cusack , Joan Cusack , Ann Cusack , Aidan Quinn , Laurel Holloman , Lili Taylor , and Kate Walsh .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "12cc611327782c36039a4f00a2b6c0a4", "text": "Cul-de-sac (1966 film) Cul-de-sac is a 1966 British psychological comic thriller directed by the Polish director Roman Polanski . It was his second film in English , written by Polanski and Gérard Brach . The cast includes Donald Pleasence , Françoise Dorléac , Lionel Stander , Jack MacGowran , Iain Quarrier , Geoffrey Sumner , Renée Houston , William Franklyn , Trevor Delaney , Marie Kean . It also features Jacqueline Bisset ( credited as Jackie Bisset ) in a small role , in her second film appearance . The black and white cinematography is by Gil Taylor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "888677d77638c770bbe89cdcc6bb3470", "text": "The Woman in the Hall The Woman in the Hall is a 1947 British drama film , directed by Jack Lee , with a screenplay by Jack Lee , Ian Dalrymple and Gladys Bronwyn Stern , from Stern 's novel . It was released in 1947 . `` A studio bound melodrama , it seems atypical of Lee 's later films , but the struggles of an individual to achieve a goal and through that struggle develop into a better person was a recurrent theme . '' The film features the screen debut of future television star Susan Hampshire .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "11da7b6ecfe4d6361144611dea632226", "text": "Philip Morris Playhouse Philip Morris Playhouse is a 30-minute old-time radio dramatic anthology series . The program '' -LSB- g -RSB- enerally ... featured straight and crime drama , '' radio historian John Dunning wrote . He noted that one of the directors was William Spier , who `` had directed Suspense in its salad days and brought to The Philip Morris Playhouse the same slick production '' that was used in Suspense . Philip Morris Playhouse was broadcast on CBS June 30 , 1939 -- February 18 , 1944 , then returned to the air ( again on CBS ) November 5 , 1948 -- July 29 , 1949 . The 1948 edition replaced a giveaway show , Everybody Wins . Its third and final incarnation on radio was a bit more complicated , as explained on The Digital Deli Too website : The emerging popularity of between three and five other popular playhouse formats of the early 1950s persuaded Philip Morris to resurrect its Philip Morris Playhouse a third time as Phillip Morris Playhouse On Broadway , beginning with its initial CBS run on March 15 , 1951 . Emphasizing Broadway productions , the subsequent series ran over CBS for twenty-six installments , only to jump to NBC on September 11 , 1951 . The series ran on NBC for the remainder of 1951 , jumping back to CBS on January 13 , 1952 . CBS aired the remainder of the canon through September 2 , 1953 . In 1951 , a trade publication reported that the program 's annual budget was $ 1 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "701b18b285d7a3993a4bb2a1f4dda514", "text": "Joan Woodbury Joan Woodbury ( December 17 , 1915 -- February 22 , 1989 ) was an American actress beginning in the 1930s and continuing well into the 1960s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a57ea1268e3d2c48932327e27bbadb57", "text": "Pick a Peck of Plumbers Pick a Peck of Plumbers is an American comedy short produced and directed by Jules White . Released by Columbia Pictures on July 23 , 1944 , it stars El Brendel and Shemp Howard , both of whom receive top-billing in the short .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be2c3c2afb07f8d615f21dd247b70058", "text": "Raising Helen Raising Helen is a 2004 American comedy-drama film directed by Garry Marshall and written by Jack Amiel and Michael Begler . It stars Kate Hudson , John Corbett , Joan Cusack , Hayden Panettiere , siblings Spencer and Abigail Breslin , and Helen Mirren . It grossed $ 37,486,138 at the U.S. box office .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "466fbccda7a9741e692ad134f7876912", "text": "Our Betters Our Betters is a 1933 American Pre-Code satirical comedy film directed by George Cukor . The screenplay by Jane Murfin and Harry Wagstaff Gribble is based on the 1923 play of the same title by W. Somerset Maugham .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b31305df864419575b5fd70f08701414", "text": "Better Off Dead (film) Better Off Dead is a 1985 American teen romantic comedy film starring John Cusack and written and directed by Savage Steve Holland . It tells the story of high school student Lane Myer who is suicidal after his girlfriend breaks up with him shortly before Christmas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f129e8f0db049e66604e7f77b3b1648", "text": "Cush Jumbo Cush Jumbo ( born 23 September 1985 ) is an English actress and writer . She wrote and starred in a one-woman show , Josephine and I . In 2011 , she won the Ian Charleson Award for young actors as Rosalind in As You Like It and received an Olivier nomination in 2012 as Mark Antony in an all-female cast of Julius Caesar . She played attorney Lucca Quinn in the seventh season of the U.S. drama series The Good Wife on CBS and its spinoff The Good Fight on CBS All Access .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "843552c465d6a076a5db266c4b3c37c7", "text": "The Naked Truth (1957 film) The Naked Truth is a 1957 British film comedy starring Terry-Thomas , Peter Sellers and Dennis Price . Peggy Mount , Shirley Eaton and Joan Sims also appear . It was produced and directed by Mario Zampi and written by Michael Pertwee .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db549dde7a43244528c0ecc48a4f4c9b", "text": "Once a Crook Once a Crook is a 1941 British crime film directed by Herbert Mason , produced by Edward Black for 20th Century Fox and featuring Gordon Harker , Sydney Howard , Bernard Lee , Kathleen Harrison , and Raymond Huntley . It is an adaptation to the big screen from a stage play by Evadne Price and Ken Attiwell .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb73ba9fb5061e1db26aed4055727110", "text": "The Manchester Man (film) The Manchester Man is a 1920 British silent drama film directed by Bert Wynne and starring Hayford Hobbs , Aileen Bagot and Joan Hestor . It was an adaptation of the 1876 novel The Manchester Man by Isabella Banks . It follows the lifetime of a Manchester resident Jabez Clegg during the turbulent 19th century . The plot has been summarized by Denis Gifford as `` Lancashire , 1800 . Clerk loves merchant 's daughter who elopes with crook . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93747b05a73ba5f6d411e22d57d96047", "text": "Joan Blackham Joan Blackham ( born 1946 in Wolverhampton , Staffordshire , England ) is a prolific British actress with a long stage , film and television career .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ef7f0328d26f06e121954b2b19a18f4", "text": "Saint Joan of the Stockyards Saint Joan of the Stockyards ( -LSB- Die Heilige Johanna der Schlachthöfe , links = no -RSB- ) is a play written by the German modernist playwright Bertolt Brecht between 1929 and 1931 , after the success of his musical The Threepenny Opera and during the period of his radical experimental work with the Lehrstücke . It is based on the musical that he co-authored with Elisabeth Hauptmann , Happy End ( 1929 ) . In this version of the story of Joan of Arc , Brecht transforms her into `` Joan Dark '' , a member of the `` Black Straw Hats '' ( a Salvation Army-like group ) in 20th-century Chicago . The play charts Joan 's battle with Pierpont Mauler , the unctuous owner of a meat-packing plant . Like her predecessor , Joan is a doomed woman , a martyr and ( initially , at least ) an innocent in a world of strike-breakers , fat cats , and penniless workers . Like many of Brecht 's plays it is laced with humor and songs as part of its epic dramaturgical structure and deals with the theme of emancipation from material suffering and exploitation . The play was broadcast on Berlin Radio on the 11 April 1932 , with Carola Neher as Joan and Fritz Kortner as Mauler . The cast also included Helene Weigel , Ernst Busch , Peter Lorre , Paul Bildt and Friedrich Gnass . The play did not receive its first theatrical production until the 30 April 1959 , at the Deutsches Schauspielhaus in Hamburg , after Brecht 's death . Brecht had asked Gustaf Gründgens to direct , with scenic design by Caspar Neher and music by Siegfried Franz . Brecht 's daughter Hanne Hiob played Joan . Brecht wrote two other versions of the Joan of Arc story : The Visions of Simone Machard ( 1942 ) and The Trial of Joan of Arc of Proven , 1431 ( 1952 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c16c5980c606fe537f0c496205e3108a", "text": "Going Straight (1933 film) Going Straight is a 1933 British comedy film directed by John Rawlins and starring Moira Lynd , Helen Ferrers and Joan Marion . It was made at Teddington Studios as a quota quickie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb67483c6884fd7f5db4fd4c8a21015e", "text": "Lolita (1962 film) Lolita is a 1962 British-American black comedy-drama film directed by Stanley Kubrick . Based on his novel of the same title , Vladimir Nabokov also wrote the screenplay . It follows a middle-aged literature lecturer who becomes obsessed with an adolescent girl . The film stars James Mason as Humbert Humbert , Sue Lyon as Dolores Haze ( Lolita ) , and Shelley Winters as Charlotte Haze , with Peter Sellers as Clare Quilty . Owing to the MPAA 's restrictions at the time , the film toned down the more provocative aspects of the novel , sometimes leaving much to the audience 's imagination . The actress who played Lolita , Sue Lyon , was 14 at the time of filming . Lolita polarized contemporary critics , but is well-received today . Kubrick later commented , however , that if he had realized how severe the censorship limitations were going to be , he probably would never have made the film .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "ad896d229ed65ecac49d5687f43568e1", "text": "The Avengers (2012 film) Marvel 's The Avengers ( classified under the name Marvel Avengers Assemble in the United Kingdom and Ireland ) , or simply The Avengers , is a 2012 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team of the same name , produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures . It is the sixth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe . The film was written and directed by Joss Whedon and features an ensemble cast that includes Robert Downey Jr. , Chris Evans , Mark Ruffalo , Chris Hemsworth , Scarlett Johansson , Jeremy Renner , Tom Hiddleston , Clark Gregg , Cobie Smulders , Stellan Skarsgård , and Samuel L. Jackson . In the film , Nick Fury , director of the peacekeeping organization S.H.I.E.L.D. , recruits Iron Man , Captain America , the Hulk , and Thor to form a team that must stop Thor 's brother Loki from subjugating Earth . The film 's development began when Marvel Studios received a loan from Merrill Lynch in April 2005 . After the success of the film Iron Man in May 2008 , Marvel announced that The Avengers would be released in July 2011 . With the signing of Johansson in March 2009 , the film was pushed back for a 2012 release . Whedon was brought on board in April 2010 and rewrote the original screenplay by Zak Penn. . Production began in April 2011 in Albuquerque , New Mexico , before moving to Cleveland , Ohio , in August and New York City in September . The film was converted to 3D in post-production . The Avengers premiered on April 11 , 2012 , at Hollywood 's El Capitan Theatre and was released theatrically in the United States on May 4 , 2012 . The film received positive reviews from critics , as well as numerous awards and nominations including Academy Award and BAFTA nominations for achievements in visual effects . It has set or tied numerous box office records , including the biggest opening weekend in North America . The Avengers grossed over $ 1.5 billion worldwide , and became the third-highest-grossing film during its theatrical run -- as well as the first Marvel production to generate $ 1 billion in ticket sales . The film was released on Blu-ray Disc and DVD on September 25 , 2012 . A sequel , titled Avengers : Age of Ultron , was released on May 1 , 2015 , while two additional sequels , Avengers : Infinity War and an untitled sequel , are currently in development , with Infinity War scheduled for a May 4 , 2018 release date , and its sequel scheduled to be released on May 3 , 2019 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "a0ab95b07216f9cefd824aece117c05e", "text": "Gary Cooper filmography The filmography of Gary Cooper chronicles the film appearances of American actor Gary Cooper . After starting his career in 1925 as a film extra and stuntman , Cooper made his official cinematic debut in 1926 in the Samuel Goldwyn production The Winning of Barbara Worth . He went on to become a contract player with Paramount Pictures where he established himself as a popular leading man prior to the end of the silent film era . Cooper 's future in the sound era was assured with the release of The Virginian ( 1929 ) , his first all-talkie film . For the next 32 years , he would be one of cinema 's top money-making stars . From 1936 to 1957 , Cooper ranked 18 times among the top ten box office attractions -- a record when he died in 1961 , and later surpassed only by John Wayne , who ranked among the top ten 25 times , Clint Eastwood ( 21 times ) and Tom Cruise ( 20 times ) . Cooper was nominated for the Best Actor Academy Award five times and won twice , for Sergeant York ( 1942 ) and High Noon ( 1952 ) . The latter film boosted his popularity , resulting in him being the number one box office attraction in 1953 . Cooper received a third Academy Award -- an honorary one -- just prior to his death in 1961 . His final film , The Naked Edge , was released shortly after his death . As of February 2008 , more than half of Gary Cooper 's feature films are available on DVD , while others not yet on home video are available for television broadcast . Unfortunately , at least two of his silent films -- Beau Sabreur ( 1928 ) and The Legion of the Condemned ( 1928 ) -- are now considered lost films . Another of his silent films , Wolf Song ( 1929 ) , was originally released as a part talkie , but survives only as a silent film . One of Cooper 's earliest talkies , Paramount on Parade ( 1930 ) , survives incomplete . The prints that are available for television are missing all but one of the film 's Technicolor scenes -- a partial restoration of these scenes was done by the UCLA Film Archives . This filmography contains sections for Cooper 's work as an extra in the earliest part of his film career , his feature film appearances , his occasional appearances in short films , and a section for a compilation film . Due to its length ( 92 films ) , the listing of his feature films is divided in four sections . Cooper 's film roles are listed , as well as the names of each film 's director and co-stars . Cooper 's awards and nominations are also listed . Except where noted , all of his films were shot in 35mm black and white . All films released prior to Lilac Time ( 1928 ) are silent films and all from The Virginian ( 1929 ) onward are sound films . The films made during the silent-to-sound transition are noted as being either silent or sound films . As an addendum , Cooper 's handful of television appearances are also listed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3199f741d0f85b83e2ffce3780e6b2e9", "text": "Robert Crane Robert Crane may refer to : Sir Robert Crane , 1st Baronet ( died 1643 ) , English MP Bob Crane ( 1928 -- 1978 ) , American DJ and actor who played Hogan in the sitcom Hogan 's Heroes Robert Bruce Crane ( 1857 -- 1937 ) , American painter . Robert C. Crane ( 1920 -- 1962 ) , American newspaper publisher and politician from New Jersey Robert D. Crane ( born 1929 ) , advisor to Nixon and American short story author Robert J. Crane , American author Robert K. Crane ( 1924 -- 2010 ) , American biochemist , discovered sodium-glucose cotransport Robert Q. Crane ( born 1926 ) , Treasurer and Receiver-General of Massachusetts from 1965 -- 1991 Robbie Crane ( born 1969 ) , musician Robert Crane , a pseudonym of Bernard Glemser Robotman ( Robert Crane ) , the first Robotman in the DC Universe", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5fe87dffebba5afa217a94590cf66a4", "text": "Bill Cracks Down Bill Cracks Down is a 1937 American film directed by William Nigh . The film is also known as Men of Steel in the United Kingdom .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7178d2a6fee9c52972ad3fbd5c966aa", "text": "Marvel Productions Marvel Productions Ltd. , later known as New World Animation Ltd. , was the television and film studio subsidiary of the Marvel Entertainment Group , based in Hollywood , Los Angeles , California . It later became a subsidiary of New World Entertainment and eventually of News Corporation ( Fox Entertainment Group ) . Marvel Productions produced animated television series , motion pictures , and television specials such as Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends , The Incredible Hulk , My Little Pony : The Movie , The Transformers : The Movie , and G.I. Joe : The Movie as well as the Transformers and G.I. Joe : A Real American Hero television series . Most of Marvel Productions ' back catalog ( mostly non-Hasbro related productions ) is currently owned by The Walt Disney Company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f5e12c161800424c6535fc340899eef", "text": "Black Hawk Down (film) Black Hawk Down is a 2002 American war film co-produced and directed by Ridley Scott . The screenplay by Ken Nolan is adapted from the non-fiction book of the same name by Mark Bowden , which in turn is based on the 29-part series of articles published in The Philadelphia Inquirer chronicling the events of a 1993 raid in Mogadishu by the U.S. military aimed at capturing faction leader Mohamed Farrah Aidid and the ensuing firefight , known as the Battle of Mogadishu . The film features a large ensemble cast , including Josh Hartnett , Ewan McGregor , Eric Bana , Tom Sizemore , William Fichtner , Jason Isaacs , Tom Hardy , and Sam Shepard . It won two Oscars for Best Film Editing and Best Sound Mixing at the 74th Academy Awards . Although it was received positively by critics , the film was strongly criticized by a number of groups and military officials . In 2009 , an extended cut of the film was released on DVD . The cut contained an additional 8 minutes of footage increasing the running time to 152 minutes . This extended cut has yet to be released on Blu-Ray .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03f2b308d0d171a0efe5bc90b5446344", "text": "Robert Duvall Robert Selden Duvall ( -LSB- duːˈvɔːl -RSB- born January 5 , 1931 ) is an American actor and filmmaker . He has been nominated for seven Academy Awards ( winning for his performance in Tender Mercies ) , seven Golden Globes ( winning four ) , and has multiple nominations and one win each of the BAFTA , Screen Actors Guild Award , and Emmy Award . He received the National Medal of Arts in 2005 . Duvall has starred in numerous films and television series , including To Kill a Mockingbird ( 1962 ) , The Twilight Zone ( 1963 ) , The Outer Limits ( 1964 ) , Bullitt ( 1968 ) , True Grit ( 1969 ) , MASH ( 1970 ) , THX 1138 ( 1971 ) , Joe Kidd ( 1972 ) , The Godfather ( 1972 ) , The Godfather Part II ( 1974 ) , The Conversation ( 1974 ) , Network ( 1976 ) , Apocalypse Now ( 1979 ) , The Great Santini ( 1979 ) , Lonesome Dove ( 1989 ) , The Handmaid 's Tale ( 1990 ) , Rambling Rose ( 1991 ) , and Falling Down ( 1993 ) . Duvall began appearing in theatre during the late 1950s , moving into television and film roles during the early 1960s , playing Boo Radley in To Kill a Mockingbird ( 1962 ) and appearing in Captain Newman , M.D. ( 1963 ) . He landed many of his most famous roles during the early 1970s , such as Major Frank Burns in the blockbuster comedy MASH ( 1970 ) and the lead role in THX 1138 ( 1971 ) , as well as Horton Foote 's adaptation of William Faulkner 's Tomorrow ( 1972 ) , which was developed at The Actors Studio and is Duvall 's personal favorite . This was followed by a series of critically lauded performances in commercially successful films . Since then , Duvall has continued to act in both film and television with such productions as Tender Mercies ( 1983 ) , The Natural ( 1984 ) , Colors ( 1988 ) , the television mini-series Lonesome Dove ( 1989 ) , Stalin ( 1992 ) , The Man Who Captured Eichmann ( 1996 ) , A Family Thing ( 1996 ) , The Apostle ( 1997 ) , A Civil Action ( 1998 ) , Deep Impact ( 1998 ) , Gods and Generals ( 2003 ) , Secondhand Lions ( 2003 ) , Broken Trail ( 2006 ) , Get Low ( 2010 ) , Jack Reacher ( 2012 ) , and The Judge ( 2014 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "478a607f18f102a18f9fd18fb6ca38b9", "text": "Iron Man: Rise of Technovore is a direct-to-video anime film by Madhouse that follows up on the Marvel Anime series . It is directed by Hiroshi Hamasaki , an anime director best known for works like Shigurui : Death Frenzy and Texhnolyze , and based on a story written by Brandon Auman . Matthew Mercer and Norman Reedus voiced Tony Stark and Punisher respectively .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4c0191e82d0a75b7cd93652de14f2102", "text": "R. Lee Ermey Ronald Lee Ermey ( born March 24 , 1944 ) , known professionally as R. Lee Ermey , is an American actor , best known for his role as Gunnery Sergeant Hartman in Full Metal Jacket , which earned him a Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor . He is a former United States Marine Corps staff sergeant and an honorary gunnery sergeant ; during his tenure in the U.S. Marine Corps , he served as a drill instructor . Ermey has often been typecast in authority figure roles , such as Mayor Tilman in the film Mississippi Burning , Bill Bowerman in Prefontaine , Sheriff Hoyt in The Texas Chainsaw Massacre remake , Gunnery Sergeant Hartman in Stanley Kubrick 's Full Metal Jacket , Jimmy Lee Farnsworth in Fletch Lives , a police captain in Se7en , plastic army men leader Sarge in the Toy Story films , Lt. `` Tice '' Ryan in Rocket Power , the warden in SpongeBob SquarePants , and John House , Gregory House 's father in House . Ermey has hosted two programs on the History Channel : Mail Call , in which he answered viewers ' questions about various military issues both modern and historic ; and Lock N ' Load with R. Lee Ermey , which concerned the development of different types of weapons . He also hosted Gunny Time on the Outdoor channel .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40351f2b5dda33631f520375d098448e", "text": "PT 109 (film) PT 109 is a 1963 biographical war film which depicts the actions of John F. Kennedy ( JFK ) as an officer of the United States Navy in command of Motor Torpedo Boat PT-109 during the Pacific War of World War II . The film was adapted by Vincent Flaherty and Howard Sheehan from the book PT 109 : John F. Kennedy in World War II by Robert J. Donovan , and the screenplay was written by Robert L. Breen . Cliff Robertson stars as Kennedy , with featured performances by Ty Hardin , James Gregory , Robert Culp , and Grant Williams . PT 109 was the first commercial theatrical film about a sitting United States President released while he was still in office and still alive . It was released in the United States on June 19 , 1963 , five months before Kennedy was assassinated .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8f516e1b7c4a543663bcf36c64724e11", "text": "G.I. (military) G.I. is a noun used to describe the soldiers of the United States Army and airmen of the United States Army Air Forces -- and for U.S. Marines and sailors -- and also for general items of their equipment . The term G.I. has been used as an initialism of `` Government Issue '' or `` General Issue '' , but it originally referred to `` galvanized iron '' , as used by the logistics services of the United States Armed Forces . The letters `` G.I. '' were used to denote equipment made from galvanized iron , such as metal trash cans , in U.S. Army inventories and supply records . During World War I , American soldiers sardonically referred to incoming German artillery shells as `` G.I. cans '' . Also during that war , `` G.I. '' started being interpreted as `` Government Issue '' or `` General Issue '' for the general items of equipment of soldiers and airmen . The term `` G.I. '' came into widespread use in the United States with the start of the Selective Service System ( `` the draft '' ) in 1940 , extending into 1941 . Next , the use of `` G.I. '' expanded from 1942 through 1945 . The American Five-star General Dwight D. Eisenhower said in 1945 that `` the truly heroic figure of this war -LSB- is -RSB- G.I. Joe and his counterpart in the air , the navy , and the Merchant Marine of every one of the United Nations . '' `` G.I. '' was also used as an adjective for anything having to do with the Army or Army Air Force .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5067aaab83726ee338b3c669acd0431", "text": "Anthony Mackie Anthony Dwane Mackie ( born September 23 , 1978 ) is an American actor . He has been featured in feature films , television series , and Broadway and Off-Broadway plays , including Ma Rainey 's Black Bottom , Drowning Crow , McReele , A Soldier 's Play , and Carl Hancock Rux 's Talk , for which he won an Obie Award in 2002 . In 2002 , he was featured in Eminem 's debut film , 8 Mile . He was nominated for Independent Spirit Award for Best Actor for his role in Brother to Brother . His second nomination was for Best Supporting Actor at the 2009 Independent Spirit Awards for his role in The Hurt Locker . In 2014 , he joined the Marvel Cinematic Universe as Sam Wilson / Falcon , making his first appearance in Captain America : The Winter Soldier , and reprising the role in Avengers : Age of Ultron , Ant-Man , and Captain America : Civil War . In May 2016 , he co-starred in the HBO TV film All the Way as Martin Luther King Jr. , opposite Bryan Cranston , who was reprising his Tony Award-winning performance as President Lyndon B. Johnson in the play of the same name .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c8fd70f1296652a885808b8e0f02161", "text": "Indestructible Man Indestructible Man is a 1956 American crime horror science fiction film , an original screenplay by Vy Russell and Sue Dwiggins for producer-director Jack Pollexfen and starring Lon Chaney , Jr. , Ross Elliott and Robert Shayne . The picture was produced independently by C.G.K. Productions , and distributed in the United States by Allied Artists Pictures Corporation . The film was distributed theatrically in 1956 on a double bill with World Without End '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d27073b4433bb5f0e3d208f95495d263", "text": "Sam Rockwell Samuel Rockwell ( born November 5 , 1968 ) is an American actor known for independent and mainstream films . He is known for his leading roles in Lawn Dogs ( 1997 ) , Confessions of a Dangerous Mind ( 2002 ) , Matchstick Men ( 2003 ) , The Hitchhiker 's Guide to the Galaxy ( 2005 ) , Choke ( 2008 ) , Moon ( 2009 ) , Seven Psychopaths ( 2012 ) , and Mr. Right ( 2015 ) , as well as for his supporting roles in The Green Mile ( 1999 ) , Galaxy Quest ( 1999 ) , The Assassination of Jesse James ( 2007 ) , Frost/Nixon ( 2008 ) , Conviction ( 2010 ) , Iron Man 2 ( 2010 ) , Cowboys & Aliens ( 2011 ) , The Way , Way Back ( 2013 ) , and Poltergeist ( 2015 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a56ecd2b07d430a364f44ba3fad5be70", "text": "Restoration (1995 film) Restoration is a 1995 American historical drama film directed by Michael Hoffman . It stars Robert Downey , Jr. as a 17th-century medical student exploited by the king . The film , which is based on the novel of the same title by Rose Tremain , was filmed in Wales and won two Academy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4e29517648c01e1e581e4268fd7e95f", "text": "Die Hard with a Vengeance Die Hard with a Vengeance is a 1995 American action film and the third in the Die Hard film series . It was co-produced and directed by John McTiernan ( who directed Die Hard ) , written by Jonathan Hensleigh , and stars Bruce Willis as New York City Police Department Lieutenant John McClane , Samuel L. Jackson as McClane 's reluctant partner Zeus Carver , and Jeremy Irons as Simon Peter Gruber . It was released on May 19 , 1995 , five years after Die Hard 2 , becoming the highest-grossing film at the worldwide box-office that year , but received mixed reviews . It was followed by Live Free or Die Hard and A Good Day to Die Hard in 2007 and 2013 , respectively .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84e507fd69a4b141fbf07d6ef5237ec1", "text": "The Stunt Man The Stunt Man is a 1980 American film directed by Richard Rush , starring Peter O'Toole , Steve Railsback , and Barbara Hershey . The movie was adapted by Lawrence B. Marcus and Rush from the 1970 novel of the same name by Paul Brodeur . It tells the story of a young fugitive who hides as a stunt double on the set of an anti-war movie whose charismatic director will do seemingly anything for the sake of his art . It was nominated for three Academy Awards : Best Actor in a Leading Role ( Peter O'Toole ) , Best Director ( Richard Rush ) , and Best Writing , Screenplay Based on Material from Another Medium . However , due to its limited release , it never earned much attention from US audiences at large . As O'Toole remarked in a DVD audio commentary , `` The film was n't released , it escaped . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bf6634d439517b825157af395565afe4", "text": "Officer Down Officer Down is a 2013 American action thriller film , directed by Brian A. Miller .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab00f22be91df15ca441300f69bc5e46", "text": "Hugo Pool Hugo Pool ( also known as Pool Girl in the UK ) is a 1997 American romantic comedy film , directed by Robert Downey Sr. , starring Alyssa Milano and Patrick Dempsey .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46a0404247a4625830cf6f656931924a", "text": "Thor: The Mighty Avenger (toy line) Thor : The Mighty Avenger is a toy line manufactured by Hasbro based on the Marvel Comics film , Thor . It is composed mainly of 3.75 '' scale action figures . The line falls under Marvel 's `` Avengers Assemble '' marketing banner , which will also include the Iron Man : The Armored Avenger and Captain America : The First Avenger toy lines . This will be used as a lead up to 2012 's The Avengers motion picture . Unlike previous 3.75 '' action figure lines based on movies , Hasbro is not doing a comic series with this line . All of the figures will be based on the movie . This official street date for the line is March 1 , though some stores have started selling the toys in early February .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b3ef9f082e539c4ce15bb3d2f7f808c", "text": "Iron Eagle Iron Eagle is a 1986 Metrocolor American-Canadian action film directed by Sidney J. Furie and starring Jason Gedrick and Louis Gossett , Jr. . While it received mixed reviews , the film earned US$ 24,159,872 at the U.S. box office . Iron Eagle was followed by three sequels : Iron Eagle II , Aces : Iron Eagle III and Iron Eagle on the Attack , with Gossett being the only actor to have appeared in all four films . The basis of the fictional story in the film relates to real life attacks by the United States against Libya over the Gulf of Sidra , in particular the 1981 Gulf of Sidra incident .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "d38cd34253e1a48af07359d585eefd0c", "text": "Selene (Underworld) Selene , portrayed by British actress Kate Beckinsale , is a fictional character and the main protagonist of the Underworld film series . More specifically , she serves as the central character in the films Underworld ( 2003 ) , Underworld : Evolution ( 2006 ) , Underworld : Awakening ( 2012 ) , and Underworld : Blood Wars ( 2016 ) . Beckinsale 's daughter , Lily Mo Sheen , plays the character as a child in a flashback in Underworld : Evolution . In Underworld : Endless War , Selene is voiced by Canadian voice actress Laura Harris .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "6dcc02ab43a877ee36f75e6d52356ffb", "text": "Cleopatra Selene II Cleopatra Selene II ( Greek : Κλεοπάτρα Σελήνη ; late 40 BC -- c. 6 BC ) , also known as Cleopatra VIII of Egypt or Cleopatra VIII , was a Ptolemaic Princess and was the only daughter to Greek Ptolemaic queen Cleopatra VII of Egypt and Roman triumvir Mark Antony . She was the fraternal twin of Ptolemaic prince Alexander Helios . Her second name in ancient and modern Greek means moon , also meaning the Titaness-Goddess of the Moon Selene , being the counterpart of her twin brother ` s second name Helios , meaning sun and the Titan-God of the Sun Helios . She was of Greek and Roman heritage . Cleopatra was born , raised and educated in Alexandria , Egypt . In 36 BC in the Donations of Antioch and in late 34 BC during the Donations of Alexandria , she was made ruler of Cyrenaica and Libya .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ed9346f2ef46d6505cc4e438c41a3d65", "text": "Heba Selim Heba Selim ( died 1973 ) was an Egyptian spy who worked for the Mossad along with her fiancé Farouk Al-Fikki . Originally from Assiut in middle Egypt , she grew up in the upper-class Mohandeseen Cairo suburb . As a student in `` Adab '' ( liberal arts ) college , she majored in French . One of her instructors , a French man , offered her the opportunity of furthering her studies in Sorbonne . She stayed with an Egyptian family in Paris and was a regular guest at the Egyptian ambassador 's home . In a 2010 Egyptian TV program , he described her as attractive , cheerful , bright , and patriotic . He did note , however , that she struggled financially as she could not find work in the Egyptian Embassy in Paris . He would later be instrumental in luring her back to Egypt - via Libya -- by fabricating a story about her father 's illness . After her recruitment by the Mossad , she married Farouk el Fikki , an engineer Egyptian army officer , and gathered information - through him - about the locations of the anti-aircraft batteries . He later became aware and willingly participated in her spying activities . Israel scored many accurate hits destroying many anti aircraft missile bases at a heavy cost of men and material to the Egyptian side . The Israeli strikes were so accurate that the Egyptian side became convinced insider informants must be involved . Eventually her husband was caught and faced a certain death sentence . The Egyptians , however , decided to use him as a double agent for some time . Also , by not arresting him , he gave Heba Selim the impression that their spying activities were not compromised . Both Heba and her husband were eventually arrested and summarily executed . Heba Selim is the basis of the Egyptian film Al sood ila al haweyah ( Climbing to the abyss ) . One of the most famous lines in Egyptian cinema history is said at the end of the movie as Abla ( Heba Selim 's name in the movie ) is flown to Egypt after her capture in Libya . As the plane approaches Cairo airport , her escorting intelligence officer points at the pyramids and the Nile and then , in a most condemning tone he says `` we heya dee Masr ya abla '' ( and this is Egypt Abla ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d34cb07d090dc1bbf1d0a1524705fe2e", "text": "Tenebrae (film) Tenebrae ( also known as Tenebre ) is a 1982 English-language Italian giallo film written and directed by Dario Argento . The film stars Anthony Franciosa as American author Peter Neal , who -- while in Rome promoting his latest murder-mystery novel -- becomes embroiled in the search for a serial killer who may have been inspired to kill by the novel . John Saxon and Daria Nicolodi co-star as Neal 's agent and assistant ; Giuliano Gemma and Carola Stagnaro appear as detectives investigating the murders . John Steiner , Veronica Lario and Mirella D'Angelo also feature . The film has been described as exploring themes of dualism and sexual aberration , and has strong metafictional elements ; some commentators consider Tenebrae to be a direct reaction by Argento to criticism of his previous work , most especially his depictions of murders of beautiful women . After Argento had experimented with pure supernatural horror with 1977 's Suspiria and 1980 's Inferno , Tenebrae represented the filmmaker 's return to the giallo horror subgenre , which he had helped popularize in the 1970s . Argento was inspired by a series of incidents which saw an obsessed fan telephone the director to criticise him for the damaging psychological effects of his previous work . The telephone calls culminated in death threats towards Argento , who channelled the experience into the writing of Tenebrae . The director also wanted to explore the senselessness of killings he had witnessed and heard about while staying in Los Angeles in 1980 , and his feeling at the time that true horror came from those who wanted `` to kill for nothing '' . Shot on location in Rome and at Elios Studios , Tenebrae utilised mostly modern-looking locations and sets to help Argento realise his intent that the film reflect a near-future with a diminished population ; the director filmed none of the historical landmarks that usually featured in films set in Rome . Employing director of photography Luciano Tovoli , Argento also intended that the film simulate the stark , realistic lighting featured in television police shows at the time ; production designer Giuseppe Bassa created supporting environments that were cold and austere , with sharp angles and modernistic spaces . Several former members of Italian rock band Goblin provided Tenebraes music , a synth-heavy score inspired by rock and disco music . Tenebrae was a modest success in Italy ; it reached theatres with little controversy after Argento made cuts to one of the most violent scenes . However , in the United Kingdom , it was added to the infamous list of `` video nasties '' and banned from sale until 1999 . The film 's theatrical distribution in the United States was delayed until 1984 , when it was released in a heavily censored version under the title Unsane . In its cut form , Tenebrae received a mostly negative critical reception , but the original , fully restored version later became widely available for reappraisal ; it is considered by some to be one of Argento 's best thrillers . The film critic and author Maitland McDonagh said that it was `` in many respects ... the finest film that Argento has ever made '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad47dc43670072898442977a55502324", "text": "Character (arts) A character ( sometimes known as a fictional character ) is a person or other being in a narrative work of art ( such as a novel , play , television series , or film ) . The character may be entirely fictional or based on a real-life person , in which case the distinction of a `` fictional '' versus `` real '' character may be made . Derived from the ancient Greek word χαρακτήρ , the English word dates from the Restoration , although it became widely used after its appearance in Tom Jones in 1749 . From this , the sense of `` a part played by an actor '' developed . Character , particularly when enacted by an actor in the theatre or cinema , involves `` the illusion of being a human person . '' In literature , characters guide readers through their stories , helping them to understand plots and ponder themes . Since the end of the 18th century , the phrase `` in character '' has been used to describe an effective impersonation by an actor . Since the 19th century , the art of creating characters , as practiced by actors or writers , has been called characterisation . A character who stands as a representative of a particular class or group of people is known as a type . Types include both stock characters and those that are more fully individualised . The characters in Henrik Ibsen 's Hedda Gabler ( 1891 ) and August Strindberg 's Miss Julie ( 1888 ) , for example , are representative of specific positions in the social relations of class and gender , such that the conflicts between the characters reveal ideological conflicts . The study of a character requires an analysis of its relations with all of the other characters in the work . The individual status of a character is defined through the network of oppositions ( proairetic , pragmatic , linguistic , proxemic ) that it forms with the other characters . The relation between characters and the action of the story shifts historically , often miming shifts in society and its ideas about human individuality , self-determination , and the social order .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca4b68d334e48bde4edbb32673fbd20d", "text": "Mormolykeia In Greek mythology , the Mormolykeia ( English translation : `` terrible wolves '' ) were female underworld Daemons , attendants of the goddess Hecate . They were identified with mormos , female vampire-like creatures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "876022af87f647b87f58627e959d35fd", "text": "Dark City (1998 film) Dark City is a 1998 American-Australian neo-noir science fiction film directed by Alex Proyas . The screenplay was written by Proyas , Lem Dobbs and David S. Goyer . The film stars Rufus Sewell , Kiefer Sutherland , Jennifer Connelly , and William Hurt . Sewell plays John Murdoch , an amnesiac man who finds himself suspected of murder . Murdoch attempts to discover his true identity and clear his name while on the run from the police and a mysterious group known only as the `` Strangers '' . The majority of the film was shot at Fox Studios Australia . It was jointly produced by New Line Cinema and Mystery Clock Cinema . New Line Cinema distributed the theatrical release . The film premiered in the United States on February 27 , 1998 . The film was nominated for Hugo and Saturn Awards . For the theatrical release , the studio was concerned that the audience would not understand the film and asked Proyas to add an explanatory voice-over narration to the introduction . A director 's cut was released in 2008 , restoring and preserving Proyas 's original artistic vision for the film . Some critics have noted its similarities and possible influence on the Matrix series , which came out a year later .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a523a7f359b31386c71a0e384f5de7d", "text": "Russian mafia Russian organized crime or Russian mafia , sometimes referred to as Bratva ( : `` brotherhood '' ) , is a collective of various organized crime elements originating in the former Soviet Union . Organized crime in Russia began in the imperial period of the Tsars , but it was not until the Soviet era that vory v zakone ( `` thieves-in-law '' ) emerged as leaders of prison groups in gulags ( Soviet prison labor camps ) , and their honor code became more defined . After World War II , the death of Joseph Stalin , and the fall of the Soviet Union , more gangs emerged in a flourishing black market , exploiting the unstable governments of the former Republics , and at its highest point , even controlling as much as two-thirds of the Russian economy . Louis Freeh , former director of the FBI , said that the Russian mafia posed the greatest threat to U.S. national security in the mid-1990s . In modern times , there are as many as 6,000 different groups , with more than 200 of them having a global reach . Criminals of these various groups are either former prison members , corrupt officials and business leaders , people with ethnic ties , or people from the same region with shared criminal experiences and leaders . However , the existence of such groups has been debated . In December 2009 , Timur Lakhonin , the head of the Russian National Central Bureau of Interpol , stated `` Certainly , there is crime involving our former compatriots abroad , but there is no data suggesting that an organized structure of criminal groups comprising former Russians exists abroad '' , while in August 2010 , Alain Bauer , a French criminologist , said that it `` is one of the best structured criminal organizations in Europe , with a quasi-military operation . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "50e744a14af83759a67044366461d772", "text": "Dexamenus Dexamenus ( -LSB- dɛkˈsæmᵻnəs -RSB- Greek Δεξάμενος ) was a name attributed to at least three characters in Greek mythology . Dexamenus , son of Oeceus , king of Olenus . The Centaur Eurytion forced him to betroth his daughter , Mnesimache , to him . Heracles rescued the girl , killing Eurytion when he showed up to claim his bride . In another version of the tale , the girl was instead Deianira , Heracles ' future wife ( elsewhere said to be a daughter of Oeneus or Dionysus and Althaea ) . Heracles violated her and promised her father that he would marry her . After his departure , Eurytion appeared , demanding Deianira as his bride . Her father , afraid , gave in , but Heracles reappeared just in time and slew the Centaur . In yet another variant , the daughter 's name is Hippolyte and Eurytion threatens violence to her at her wedding feast ( she having married Azan ) ; Heracles , who is also attending the feast , kills him . Dexamenus ' other children include Eurypylus and the twins Theronice and Theraephone . Dexamenus , son of Heracles and father of Ambrax , king of Ambracia ( a city in Epirus ) . Dexamenus , son of Mesolus and Ambracia , the daughter of Phorbas . After him a part of the region Ambracia was called Dexamenae .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1fbb917a14552412edcc27b760b5d286", "text": "Exte is a 2007 Japanese horror film written and directed by Sion Sono , and stars Chiaki Kuriyama , Ren Osugi , and Megumi Satō . The title is a Japanese slang shortening Romanization of the English term `` extension '' from `` hair extension '' . The plot involves an aspiring hair dresser ( Kuriyama ) who becomes the infatuation of a tricophilic man who sells hair extensions to nearby hair salons . The source of the hair is the stolen corpse of a girl whose dead body continues to grow beautiful and voluminous black hair that comes alive , driving those who use the extensions insane or killing them . The movie was released in the U.S. as Exte : Hair Extensions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "241bed3e0bac452ab56840219e9b7d8d", "text": "Snake Spring (film) Snake Spring ( -LSB- Змеиный источник , Zmeiniy istochnik -RSB- ) is a 1997 Russian thriller film , feature directorial debut of Nikolai Lebedev . One of the first psychological thrillers of Russian cinema after the Soviet Union .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e73d550557132dfd3690e842b7f3403a", "text": "La piovra La Piovra ( -LSB- la ˈpjɔːvra -RSB- ; The Octopus , referring to `` The Mafia '' ) is an Italian television drama miniseries about the Mafia . The story was by Sandro Petraglia . The production was designed by Luigi Perelli . The soundtrack was by Riz Ortolani and later by Ennio Morricone , who went on to compose music for several sequels . All 10 series have been released in Australia on DVD by Aztec International Entertainment , with English subtitles , having been originally aired on the Special Broadcasting Service television channel . It was also broadcast on MHz Networks in the United States . The first three series were shown in the UK on Channel 4 . The TV drama was successful in the USSR , where it appeared on state TV in 1986 in Albania , in Romania , and in Bulgaria , where is appeared in the end of the 1980s ( in its seventh season , the show featured Bulgarian actor Stefan Danailov ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f4b407fed688a8b0fbaaa95a19b15f0", "text": "Phrygian Sibyl In the extended complement of sibyls of the Gothic and Renaissance imagination , the Phrygian Sibyl was the priestess presiding over an Apollonian oracle at Phrygia , a historical kingdom in the west central part of the Anatolian highlands . The Phrygian sibyl appears to be one of a triplicated sibyl , with the Hellespontine Sibyl and the Erythraean Sibyl . There was indeed an oracular site in Phrygia , but a single one , at Gergitis . The sibyls of Antiquity were increased to ten in Lactantius ' Divine Institutions ( i. 6 ) a 4th-century work quoting from a lost work of Varro , ( 1st century BCE ) . The word Sibyl comes ( via Latin ) from the ancient Greek word sibylla , meaning prophetess . There were several Sibyls in the ancient world , all of whom were re-employed in Christian mythology , to prefigure Christian eschatology : When the dread trumpet resounds , the deepest earth will yawn open , Kings will be set before the throne of God . He will deliver the final judgement on the good and the wicked , for the latter , fire , for the rest , eternal delights Such were the lines , based on Tuba mirum and composed by Aria Montano for the portrait of the `` Phrygian Sibyl '' ( 1575 ) , one of the suite of ten copperplate engravings of the Sibyls by the Antwerp artist Philip Galle ( 1537 -- 1612 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b5909d535fdd2055f6cbb1d0b1ef214", "text": "Samantha Morton Samantha Jane Morton ( born 13 May 1977 ) is an English actress , screenwriter and director . She has received critical acclaim and numerous accolades throughout her career , including one BAFTA Award , one BIFA Award , one Golden Globe Award and has been nominated twice for an Academy Award and once for an Emmy Award . She has been described as one of the greatest actresses of her generation . Brought up in Nottingham , Morton joined the Central Junior Television Workshop , and soon began her career in British television in 1991 . She guest-starred in Soldier Soldier and Cracker and appeared from 1995 to 1996 in the ITV series Band of Gold . She made the transition to film with lead roles in the dramas Emma ( 1996 ) , Jane Eyre ( 1997 ) and the well-received Under the Skin ( 1997 ) . The latter made director Woody Allen cast Morton in Sweet and Lowdown ( 1999 ) , which earned her nominations for the Academy Award and the Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actress . In the 2000s , Morton continued to draw critical praise for her performances in numerous arthouse and independent films . Her role in Morvern Callar ( 2002 ) garnered her the BIFA Award for Best Actress , and she received her second Academy Award nomination , this time in the Best Actress category , for In America ( 2003 ) . She also found mainstream success with the science fiction thriller Minority Report ( 2002 ) . For her role in 2006 's television biopic Longford , she received BAFTA and Emmy Award nominations and won the Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actress -- Television Film . Morton starred in the dramas Control ( 2007 ) , Synecdoche , New York ( 2008 ) and The Messenger ( 2009 ) , and she made her directorial debut with the British television film The Unloved ( 2009 ) , winning the BAFTA Television Award for Best Single Drama . Her most recent acting credits include the science fiction action film John Carter ( 2012 ) , the thriller Cosmopolis ( 2012 ) , the drama Decoding Annie Parker ( 2013 ) , the period film Miss Julie ( 2014 ) , the European limited series The Last Panthers ( 2015 ) and the film adaptation Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them ( 2016 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "699618219204d850d7fa0f32cd032c5d", "text": "Voltumna In Etruscan mythology , Voltumna or Veltha was the chthonic ( relating to or inhabiting the underworld ) deity , who became the supreme god of the Etruscan pantheon , the deus Etruriae princeps , according to Varro . Voltumna 's cult was centered in Volsini ( modern-day Orvieto ) a polis of the Etruscan Civilization of central Italy . The bond of the twelve Etruscan populi was renewed annually at the sacred grove of Fanum Voltumnae , the sanctuary of Voltumnus sited near Volsinii ( present day Bolsena ) , which was mentioned by Livy . At the Fanum Voltumnae ludi were held , the precise nature of which , whether athletic or artistic , is unknown . In the Roman Forum , near the Temple of Castor and Pollux stood a shrine dedicated to Voltumna in the Vicus Tuscus . He was the equivalent of the Roman Vertumnus .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1aaca4b17f6fad8c0d2283eb62ca9dcf", "text": "Elf deities The Seldarine ( Tel ` Seldarine in the elvish language ) is the pantheon of the good and neutral elven gods in many campaign settings for the Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game . The name roughly translates as `` the fellowship of brothers and sisters of the wood . '' The Seldarine are led by the greater deity Corellon Larethian . Their home plane is Arvandor ( part of Arborea/Mount Olympus ) . There is also a Dark Seldarine , which is the name given to the Drow deities .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "72624258d58807ba85fe8f6238ca0eb8", "text": "Basic Instinct Basic Instinct is a 1992 neo-noir erotic thriller film directed by Paul Verhoeven and written by Joe Eszterhas , and starring Michael Douglas and Sharon Stone . The film follows a police detective , Nick Curran ( Douglas ) , who is investigating the brutal murder of a wealthy rock star . During the investigation Curran becomes involved in a torrid and intense relationship with the prime suspect , Catherine Tramell ( Stone ) , an enigmatic writer . Even before its release , Basic Instinct generated heated controversy due to its overt sexuality and graphic depiction of violence . It was strongly opposed by gay rights activists , who criticized the film 's depiction of homosexual relationships and the portrayal of a bisexual woman as a murderous narcissistic psychopath . In a 2006 interview , Stone alleged that the infamous leg-crossing scene in which her vulva was exposed was filmed without her knowledge . Despite initial critical negativity and public protest , Basic Instinct became one of the most financially successful films of the 1990s , grossing $ 352 million worldwide . Several versions of the film have been released on videocassette , DVD , and Blu-ray including a director 's cut with extended footage previously unseen in North American cinemas . The film has contemporarily been recognized for its groundbreaking depictions of sexuality in mainstream Hollywood cinema , and has been referred to by scholars as `` a neo-noir masterpiece that plays with , and transgresses , the narrative rules of film noir . '' A 2006 sequel , Basic Instinct 2 starring Stone was made without Verhoeven 's involvement , but received negative reviews from critics and was unsuccessful at the box office .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c92e81862bb7cd8622398989f03e2bf", "text": "Underworld (Vamps album) Underworld is the fourth album by Vamps , released on 28 April 2017 . The production took place in Henderson , Nevada by producer Kane Churko .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c7f9afdc6d0fd27ef24a255951e1766a", "text": "Erotic thriller An Erotic thriller is a film genre defined by a thriller with a thematic basis in illicit romance or erotic fantasy . Most erotic thrillers contain scenes of softcore sex and nudity , but the frequency and explicitness of those scenes varies . Though similar films appeared as early as the 1960s , erotic thrillers emerged as a distinct genre in the late 1980s , bolstered by the popular success of Adrian Lyne 's Fatal Attraction in 1987 and a quickly expanding domestic and international market for softcore adult entertainment on cable television and home video . The genre had a classic period of growth and expansion in the 1990s , but by the early 2000s declined in production and popular appeal . The potent combination of danger and romance , catering to both male and female audiences simultaneously , was the primary selling point for erotic thriller films during their classic period . The half-naked bodies displayed on posters , newspaper ads , and video box covers were accompanied by log lines that capture the unmistakable duality of the erotic thriller film : If you think you can handle her , you 're dead wrong . -- Body Chemistry 3 : Point of Seduction He was hired to watch . Now he 's tempted to touch . -- Night Eyes Twin sisters cross the line into a deadly erotic fantasy land . -- Mirror Images In all , over 300 erotic thriller films were produced in the 1990s , which is comparable to the number of thriller films made in the noir decade of the 1940s . The total number of films in the erotic thriller genre from 1985 to 2005 may number as high as over 500 . Like film noir , the genre has evolved and modernized , and new films continue to be made that are influenced by the classic style .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df78ddaa4bed62b3afe122c9c15efb58", "text": "Darlene Conley Darlene Conley ( July 18 , 1934 -- January 14 , 2007 ) was an American actress . Conley 's career spanned fifty years , but she was best known for her performances in daytime television , and in particular , for her portrayal of larger-than-life fashion industrialist Sally Spectra on The Bold and the Beautiful . Conley played the role from 1989 until her death seventeen years later . Darlene 's character Sally is the only soap opera character to be displayed at Madame Tussaud 's wax figures galleries in Amsterdam and Las Vegas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a01cef33e143ab6f6bd799d6124a3244", "text": "Moirai In Greek mythology , the Moirai or Moerae -LSB- ˈmɪrˌiː -RSB- or -LSB- ˈmiːˌriː -RSB- ( Μοῖραι , `` apportioners '' ) , often known in English as the Fates ( Fatae ) , were the white-robed incarnations of destiny ; their Roman equivalent was the Parcae ( euphemistically the `` sparing ones '' ) . Their number became fixed at three : Clotho ( spinner ) , Lachesis ( allotter ) and Atropos ( unturnable ) . They controlled the mother thread of life of every mortal from birth to death . They were independent , at the helm of necessity , directed fate , and watched that the fate assigned to every being by eternal laws might take its course without obstruction . The gods and men had to submit to them , although Zeus 's relationship with them is a matter of debate : some sources say he is the only one who can command them ( the Zeus Moiragetes ) , yet others suggest he was also bound to the Moirai 's dictates . In the Homeric poems Moira or Aisa , is related with the limit and end of life , and Zeus appears as the guider of destiny . In the Theogony of Hesiod , the three Moirai are personified , daughters of Nyx and are acting over the gods . Later they are daughters of Zeus and Themis , who was the embodiment of divine order and law . In Plato 's Republic the Three Fates are daughters of Ananke ( necessity ) . It seems that Moira is related with Tekmor ( proof , ordinance ) and with Ananke ( destiny , necessity ) , who were primeval goddesses in mythical cosmogonies . The ancient Greek writers might call this power Moira or Ananke , and even the gods could not alter what was ordained . The concept of a universal principle of natural order has been compared to similar concepts in other cultures like the Vedic Rta , the Avestan Asha ( Arta ) and the Egyptian Maat . In earliest Greek philosophy , the cosmogony of Anaximander is based on these mythical beliefs . The goddess Dike ( justice , divine retribution ) , keeps the order and sets a limit to any actions .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "1ffda91a19887a0599a1b3e6208446fd", "text": "Legion (2010 film) Legion is a 2010 American apocalyptic supernatural action horror film directed by Scott Stewart and co-written by Stewart and Peter Schink . The cast includes Paul Bettany , Lucas Black , Tyrese Gibson , Adrianne Palicki , Kate Walsh , and Dennis Quaid . Sony Pictures Worldwide Acquisitions Group acquired most of this film 's worldwide distribution rights , and the group opened this film in North America theatrically on January 22 , 2010 through Screen Gems . A television series called Dominion , set 25 years after the end of the film , premiered on the American cable television network Syfy on June 19 , 2014 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "66929989e20841daee680999368aa8c2", "text": "Legion M Legion M ( founded 2016 ) is the world 's first fan-owned entertainment company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21e3ea1d34b486fc70b45102c3d909e8", "text": "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon , Jed Whedon , and Maurissa Tancharoen , based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D. ( Strategic Homeland Intervention , Enforcement and Logistics Division ) , a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes . It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe ( MCU ) , sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise . The series stars Clark Gregg , reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films , as well as Ming-Na Wen , Brett Dalton , Chloe Bennet , Iain De Caestecker , and Elizabeth Henstridge . Nick Blood and Adrianne Palicki joined the cast for the second and third seasons , while Henry Simmons and Luke Mitchell had recurring roles in the second season before being promoted to the main cast for the third . John Hannah , who recurred in the third season , joined the main cast in the fourth . Additionally , several other characters from Marvel Cinematic Universe films and Marvel One-Shots also appear throughout the series , along with other characters based on various Marvel Comics properties . Several characters from the series also appear in the supplemental digital series Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. : Slingshot . This list includes the series ' main cast , all guest stars deemed to have had recurring roles throughout the series , and any other guest who is otherwise notable .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68749862c18808c92ab71564599cc5ff", "text": "Iranium Iranium is a 2011 documentary film by director Alex Traiman , Written and Distributed by Clarion Fund . Featuring footage with Iranian leaders and interviews with 25 leading politicians , dissidents , and researchers , the film discusses the Iranian nuclear program , Middle East policy , terrorism , and nuclear proliferation . Beginning with the Islamic revolution , the film documents the creation of the Iranian nuclear program and development of weapons of mass destruction . The film discusses Iranian foreign policy and Iran -- United States relations , including the Iran hostage crisis and the 1979 Iranian Revolution and takeover by Ayatollah Khomeini to what it refers to as `` the brutal nature of the Iranian regime to its own citizens , and the Iranian people 's desire to rejoin the international community . '' The film is produced by the Clarion Fund . It was produced by the same team that produced Obsession : Radical Islam 's War Against the West and The Third Jihad . Iranian actress and Academy Award nominee Shohreh Aghdashloo narrates the film . Pre-release screenings have been held or are scheduled to be held at organizations such as the Hudson Institute , David Horowitz Freedom Center , and Heritage Foundation . The film premiered at select AMC theaters and community centers throughout the United States on February 8 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55e3d3f8aae964c2ee8c92f04da2b305", "text": "Apocalypse: The Second World War Apocalypse : The Second World War ( French : Apocalypse , la 2e Guerre mondiale ) ( 2009 ) is a six-part French documentary by Daniel Costelle and Isabelle Clarke about the Second World War . The music of the documentary was composed by Kenji Kawai . The documentary is composed exclusively of actual footage of the war as filmed by war correspondents , soldiers , resistance fighters and private citizens . The series is shown in color , with the black-and-white footage being fully colorized , save for some original color footage . The only exception to the treatment are most Holocaust scenes , which are presented in the original black and white . It was first aired from August 20 and 27 and September 3 on the French-speaking Belgian RTBF then on August 23 and 30 and September 6 on the French-speaking Swiss TSR and finally on September 8 , 2009 , to September 22 , 2009 , on France 2 channel . It was narrated in French by actor/director Mathieu Kassovitz . The documentary was shown on the Smithsonian Channel in the United States , where it was narrated by actor Martin Sheen , on the National Geographic Channel and Channel 4 in the United Kingdom , where it was narrated by actor Jonathan Booth , Canada , the Netherlands , Poland , Australia , Romania and Asia , on YLE Teema in Finland , on Rete 4 in Italy , on IBA , the national public channel in Israel , on RTP2 , the national public channel in Portugal , and on La 2 , the national public channel in Spain .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e9c1011eba39e4e58025d15e5fc4e1c1", "text": "War Wolves (film) War Wolves is a 2009 television movie that originally aired on the Syfy network on March 8 , 2009 . The film stars John Saxon and Michael Worth , who also serves as the film 's director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8647b2eb8a26e412ed44ffe47fcb933d", "text": "Alien (film) Alien is a 1979 British-American science-fiction horror film directed by Ridley Scott , and starring Sigourney Weaver , Tom Skerritt , Veronica Cartwright , Harry Dean Stanton , John Hurt , Ian Holm and Yaphet Kotto . The film 's title refers to a highly aggressive extraterrestrial creature that stalks and kills the crew of a spaceship . Dan O'Bannon wrote the screenplay from a story he wrote with Ronald Shusett , drawing influence from previous works of science fiction and horror . The film was produced by Gordon Carroll , David Giler and Walter Hill through their Brandywine Productions and distributed by 20th Century Fox . Giler and Hill made revisions and additions to the script . Shusett was executive producer . The eponymous Alien and its accompanying elements were designed by Swiss artist H. R. Giger , while concept artists Ron Cobb and Chris Foss designed the human aspects of the film . Alien launched the Alien franchise and is chronologically the first of the main series , with the prequel series set in an earlier timeframe . Alien received both critical acclaim and box office success , receiving an Academy Award for Best Visual Effects , Saturn Awards for Best Science Fiction Film , Best Direction for Scott , and Best Supporting Actress for Cartwright , and a Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation , along with numerous other award nominations . It has remained highly praised in subsequent decades , being considered one of the greatest films of all time . In 2002 , the film was deemed `` culturally , historically or aesthetically significant '' by the Library of Congress and was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry . In 2008 , it was ranked as the seventh-best film in the science fiction genre by the American Film Institute , and as the 33rd greatest film of all time by Empire magazine . The success of Alien spawned a media franchise of novels , comic books , video games , and toys . It also launched Weaver 's acting career by providing her with her first lead role , and the story of her character Ellen Ripley 's encounters with the Alien creatures became the thematic thread that ran through the sequels Aliens ( 1986 ) , Alien 3 ( 1992 ) and Alien : Resurrection ( 1997 ) . , a crossover with the Predator franchise produced the Alien vs. Predator series , which includes Alien vs. Predator ( 2004 ) and Aliens vs. Predator : Requiem ( 2007 ) , and also a prequel series of films , which includes Prometheus ( 2012 ) and Alien : Covenant ( 2017 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "068381d58acc888bd29899c4b5860f90", "text": "American Legion (Loyalist) The American Legion was a British provincial militia unit raised for Loyalist service late in the American Revolutionary War by Benedict Arnold , the former Continental Army general who had crossed over from the Patriots to the British . The unit was composed primarily of deserters from the Continental Army . `` Legion '' was an 18th-century term for a military unit the size of a regiment , but consisting of infantry and dragoons ( cavalry ) , or infantry , dragoons , and artillery , all under one command to make it more flexible for scouting or irregular operations than a regiment , which consisted of infantry or cavalry alone .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c7d07beb64f0cc9ce1d72e3ff0191bcf", "text": "Lone Legion Brotherhood The Lone Legion Motorcycle Association is an outlaw motorcycle club which started in the USA and now has chapters located in New Zealand . According to media and Police the club is a member of the `` A-Team '' , an alliance between several NZ biker groups including the Outcasts MC , the Epitaph Riders MC , the Forty-Fives MC , the Southern Vikings MC , Satan 's Slaves MC , Sinn MC and the Lost Breed MC .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f6a6f0c8a40dd75960a7a980851b3a5c", "text": "Legion of Shadows Legion of Shadows is the eighteenth album by Nox Arcana , marking their 10-year anniversary . The album was announced as a dedication to their fans , and was one of two albums that Nox Arcana released in 2013 on Halloween . In addition to the original compositions , this album includes Vargo 's Gothic rendition of Bach 's classical piece `` Toccata and Fugue ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e12449089140f7aa72f9fdd2e696d01e", "text": "V for Vendetta V for Vendetta is a British graphic novel written by Alan Moore and illustrated by David Lloyd ( with additional art by Tony Weare ) , published by DC Comics . Later versions were published by Vertigo , an imprint of DC Comics . The story depicts a dystopian and post-apocalyptic near-future history version of the United Kingdom in the 1990s , preceded by a nuclear war in the 1980s which had devastated most of the rest of the world . The fascist Norsefire party has exterminated its opponents in concentration camps and rules the country as a police state . The comics follow its title character and protagonist , V , an anarchist revolutionary dressed in a Guy Fawkes mask , as he begins an elaborate and theatrical revolutionist campaign to kill his former captors , bring down the fascist state and convince the people to bring about democratic government , while inspiring a young woman , Evey Hammond , to be his protégé . Warner Bros. released a film adaptation of the same title in 2006 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3bfbb35eeecc286c31dfc2bf9ab574b", "text": "Combat Shock Combat Shock is a 1986 action war drama film written and directed by Buddy Giovinazzo and distributed by Troma Entertainment . The plot of the film takes place in Staten Island , and follows an unemployed Vietnam veteran living in total poverty with his nagging wife , his deformed baby due to Ricky having been exposed to Agent Orange that the US was spraying as a defoliant over Vietnam , and junkie friends . Unable to get a job and surrounded by the depravity of urban life and crime , he begins to lose his grip on sanity . The film received mixed reviews when it was released . Film Threat 's Christopher Curry praised the film for its gritty realism , and Troma president Lloyd Kaufman calls it one of the company 's true `` masterpieces '' ; however , shockcinemamagazine.com called it `` one of the ugliest , nastiest , most depressing movies of the decade '' ( though the review itself was a positive one ) , and Videohound described the film as `` relentlessly bleak ... you wo n't find a more depressing film outside an art-house cinema '' . Tagline : Fighting , killing , maiming ... Agent Orange and the torture cages were the easy part !", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84b006dcbe140c1f78c368b4543092d3", "text": "Adam Marcus (director) Adam Marcus ( born 1968 ) is an American film director , writer and actor . Marcus was born in Westport , Connecticut and attended Staples High School . He started his career at the age of fifteen , when he co-created the Westport Theatreworks Theatrical Company where he directed and produced over fifty shows in seven years . He then attended New York University where he won the coveted Best Picture Award at the Student Academy Awards in 1990 for his film , '' ... so you like this girl '' . In 1991 , Marcus was called out to Los Angeles by filmmaker Sean S. Cunningham ( the director of the original Friday the 13th ) to work on producing and directing features . That same year , he co-produced Johnny Zombie ( retitled My Boyfriend 's Back ) for Cunningham and Disney Studios . In 1993 , Marcus wrote the story for and directed the ninth film in the Friday the 13th series , Jason Goes to Hell : The Final Friday for New Line . He was 23 at the time and the youngest director ever hired by the studio . The three million dollar feature went on to gross over eighteen million domestically and became one of New Line Video 's largest releases ever . Marcus and his writing partner Debra Sullivan then turned their attention to screenwriting for Paramount ( the adaptation of James Patterson 's Virgin , later titled Cradle and All ) and Fox ( the original Black Autumn ) . In 1995 , Marcus created the theater company Damn Skippy Theatreworks in L.A. . In the Summer and Fall of 1998 Marcus directed the independently financed feature film comedy , Let It Snow ( aka Snow Days ) . The picture marked the return of Bernadette Peters in a feature film after an eight-year absence from film work . The film screened at the Independent Feature Film Market ( IFFM ) in New York City where it was singled out as the most successful film at the market by Variety , Time Out IndieWire . Let It Snow had its world premiere at the American Film Institute 's Los Angeles International Film Festival ( AFI 's LAIFF ) in competition in the New Visions Category ; the film won awards at the festival for Best New Writer and Best Editing . The film then went on to be an official selection of Sundance 2000 in the American Spectrum section where it was given two extra screenings and sold out all seven of its showings . Then came the New York/Avignon film festival and the Deauville festival in France , where the film received critical acclaim . Let It Snow received positive reviews from Variety , The Hollywood Reporter , Ai n't It Cool News , The New York Times , and The Gore Score as well as a number of other publications worldwide . Marcus then turned to television , where he sold several series to Bright/Kauffman/Crane Productions , Imagine Television , NBC , Fox and The WB . In 2008 , Marcus directed the feature film Conspiracy for Sony Pictures , which he co-wrote with Debra Sullivan . The film was shot in Santa Fe , New Mexico with Val Kilmer , Jennifer Esposito and Gary Cole . Marcus completed the pilot presentation Fitz and Slade and is currently co-writing , directing and serving as executive producer on the web series Connected . In 2013 Marcus co-wrote the reboot of The Texas Chainsaw Massacre series , Texas Chainsaw 3D with partner Sullivan and Stephen Susco , which was the first number-one box office film in North America of the year . He co-wrote with Sullivan the feature film Cabin Fever : Outbreak and is directing and co-writing The Plantation , an adaptation of Val Lewton 's RKO classic I Walked with a Zombie . Adam 's script for Momentum ( aka Gravity ) , co-written by Sullivan , began production in South Africa starting January 2014 . The film was the directorial debut of Stephen Campanelli and stars Morgan Freeman , James Purefoy and Olga Kurylenko . The film premiered at the Fantasia International Film Festival in 2015 . Marcus is the brother of Young Artist Award-nominated actor Kipp Marcus . Marcus attended NYU 's Tisch School of the Arts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aef8586f610e02683c1468612544ddc8", "text": "Legion of Monsters Legion of Monsters is the name of different superhero teams in Marvel Comics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93e636b66a673b411e265d5a1f5118ee", "text": "Legion of Super-Heroes The Legion of Super-Heroes is a fictional superhero team appearing in books published by DC Comics . Created by writer Otto Binder and artist Al Plastino , the Legion is a group of superpowered beings living in the 30th and 31st centuries of the , and first appears in Adventure Comics # 247 ( April 1958 ) . Initially , the team was closely associated with the original Superboy character ( Superman when he was a teenager ) , and was portrayed as a group of time travelers . Later , the Legion 's origin and back story were fleshed out , and the group was given its own monthly comic . Eventually , Superboy was removed from the team altogether and appeared only as an occasional guest star . The team has undergone two major reboots during its run . The original version was replaced with a new rebooted version following the events of the `` Zero Hour '' storyline in 1994 and another rebooted team was introduced in 2004 . A fourth version of the team , nearly identical to the original version , was introduced in 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "826e8bc60d96f6e85027c778ef38a5f4", "text": "Epidemic (film) Epidemic is a Danish horror film of 1987 directed by Lars von Trier , the second installment of Trier 's Europa trilogy . The other two films in the trilogy are The Element of Crime ( 1984 ) and Europa ( 1991 ) . Co-written by Trier and Niels Vørsel , the film focuses on the screenwriting process . Vørsel and Trier play themselves , coming up with a last-minute script for a producer . The story is inter-cut with scenes from the film they write , in which Trier plays a renegade doctor trying to cure a modern-day epidemic . The film marks the first in a series of collaborations between Trier and Udo Kier .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eaef8b70c69c8d0718755c492d743076", "text": "Legio XVII Legio septima decima ( `` Seventeenth Legion '' ) was a legion of the Imperial Roman army . It was founded by Augustus around 41 BC . The legion was destroyed in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest ( September 9 , 9 ) . The legion 's symbol and cognomen are unknown . This legion was probably created to deal with Sextus Pompey , the last opponent of the second triumvirate , garrisoned in Sicily and threatening Rome 's grain supply . Following the defeat of Antony and Cleopatra in the battle of Actium ( 31 BC ) , the legion was stationed in Gaul . In the end of the 1st century BC , the Seventeenth was sent to the Germania provinces in the Rhine and was stationed in Castra Vetera ( Xanten ) . In AD 5 , the provinces were pacified and Publius Quinctilius Varus was assigned governor and commander of the Germania army . On September 9 , Arminius , leader of the Cheruscan allies , reported a rebellion in the Rhine area . Without suspecting the information received , Varus took his three legions , the XVII along with XVIII and XIX , and headed west . On 9 September , near modern Osnabrück , the Cheruscii led by Arminius ambushed the governor 's army . All three legions were destroyed in what is known as the battle of the Teutoburg Forest and their eagle standards lost . After its destruction , the Romans never used this legion number again .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0751145f59fd80db6a134b4a9250536a", "text": "Meteor Apocalypse Meteor Apocalypse is a 2009 American science fiction film directed by Micho Rutare .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5952c516c47ce294350bdcbed3741ba", "text": "Afghan Breakdown Afghan Breakdown ( Афганский излом , translit . Afganskiy Izlom ) is a 1991 war drama film about the Soviet -- Afghan War directed by Vladimir Bortko and co-produced by Italy and the Soviet Union ( Lenfilm ) . Michele Placido plays the protagonist , Major Bandura , a commander of a unit of Soviet paratroopers , co-starring with several popular Soviet actors . The movie is still regarded by many movie critics as the best account of the war , despite newer box-office hits such as The 9th Company . Director Vladimir Bortko invited Mikhail Leshchinskiy ( a Soviet TV war reporter who worked in Afghanistan for 4.5 years ) as a co-writer and visited Kabul and Kandahar in 1988 to research on the ground . Nevertheless , according to the Russian writer and the Afghan War veteran Alexei Kozlachkov , the film lacked reliability and was ridden with technical and ideological mistakes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "75473ffa7ad97db554f39aa428b1cb76", "text": "List of American Legion buildings This is a list of notable buildings associated with the American Legion . Many hundreds of buildings have an association with the American Legion . This list focuses only on those significant architecturally or otherwise . It includes those documented in the National Register of Historic Places or a similar registry . Names of buildings include `` American Legion Hall '' , `` American Legion Post '' , `` Building '' , `` Hut '' , and variations . American Legion hall buildings are located throughout the United States , and perhaps in associated territories . A number of NRHP-listed American Legion buildings were designed or built by the Civil Works Administration or the Works Progress Administration , two New Deal programs . In the United States ( ordered by state , then city )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b829cf052ef82a7e60f492d8da447d3", "text": "Afghan Luke Afghan Luke is a 2011 Canadian film directed by Mike Clattenburg . The central character , Luke Benning ( Nick Stahl ) , is a journalist investigating the possible mutilation ( by Canadian snipers ) of corpses in Afghanistan , a country that appears increasingly incomprehensible and surreal as Luke undergoes a series of bizarre adventures .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "d34199b9847075bfe2f19ae15186ce08", "text": "Providence, Rhode Island Providence is the capital of and most populous city in the U.S. state of Rhode Island , founded in 1636 , and one of the oldest cities in the United States . It is located in Providence County and is the third most populous city in New England , after Boston and Worcester . Providence has a city population of 179,154 ; it is also part of the Providence metropolitan area which extends into southern Massachusetts . The Providence metropolitan area has an estimated population of 1,604,291 , which exceeds that of Rhode Island as a whole by about 60 % . This can be considered , in turn , to be part of the Greater Boston commuting area , which contains 7.6 million people . Providence was founded by Roger Williams , a religious exile from the Massachusetts Bay Colony . He named the area in honor of `` God 's merciful Providence '' , which he believed was responsible for revealing such a haven for him and his followers to settle . The city is situated at the mouth of the Providence River at the head of Narragansett Bay . Providence was one of the first cities in the country to industrialize and became noted for its textile manufacturing and subsequent machine tool , jewelry , and silverware industries . Today , the city of Providence is home to eight hospitals and seven institutions of higher learning which have shifted the city 's economy into service industries , though it still retains some manufacturing activity . The city was once nicknamed the `` Beehive of Industry '' ; it began rebranding itself as the `` Creative Capital '' in 2009 to emphasize its educational resources and arts community .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "358dc85a1bb3160354c8554eed3d9c3a", "text": "History of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology The history of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology can be traced back to the 1861 incorporation of the `` Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Boston Society of Natural History '' led primarily by William Barton Rogers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a40aad3050032f302c5b71403c1d90e4", "text": "New Providence New Providence is the most populous island in the Bahamas , containing more than 70 % of the total population . It is the location of the national capital city of Nassau . The island was originally under Spanish control following Christopher Columbus 's discovery of the New World , but the Spanish government showed little interest in developing the island ( and the Bahamas as a whole ) . Nassau , the island 's largest city , was formerly known as Charles-town , but it was burned to the ground by the Spanish in 1684 . It was laid out and renamed Nassau in 1695 by Nicholas Trott , the most successful Lord Proprietor , in honor of the Prince of Orange-Nassau who became William III of England . The three branches of Bahamian Government : the executive , the legislative , and the judiciary , are all headquartered on New Providence . New Providence functions as the main commercial hub of the Bahamas . It is also home to more than 400 banks and trust companies , and its hotels and port account for more than two thirds of the four million-plus tourists who visit the Bahamas annually . Other settlements on New Providence include Grants Town , Bain Town , Fox Hill , Adelaide , Yamacraw , South Beach , Coral Harbour , Lyford Cay , Paradise Island , Sea Breeze , Centreville , The Grove ( South ) and The Grove ( West Bay ) , Cable Beach , Delaporte , Gambier , and Love Beach .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "668ae5b2b20d1c8de8036071a0d4f7f5", "text": "Carpenter's shed on Gardiners Island A carpenter 's shed built in 1639 , on Gardiners Island in New York is possibly the oldest surviving wooden structure built in New York and was reportedly built when Lion Gardiner first settled on the island . Gardiner 's Island has been owned by the same family for nearly 400 years and is the only American real estate still intact as part of an original royal grant from the English Crown . In 1639 , the island was settled by Lion Gardiner from a grant by Charles I as the first colonial English settlement in present-day New York state . The island was originally in its own jurisdiction affiliated with neither New York nor New England . Lion Gardiner reportedly purchased the island in 1639 from the Montaukett Indians for `` a large black dog , some powder and shot , and a few Dutch blankets . '' The Indians called the island Manchonake , while Gardiner initially called it Isle of Wight , because it reminded him of the Isle of Wight in England . The Montauketts gave Gardiner title at least in part because of his support for them in the Pequot War . The original 1639 royal patent gave Gardiner the `` right to possess the land forever '' with the island being declared a proprietary colony with the Gardiners getting the title of Lord of the Manor and thus able to establish laws for the island .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8dd250306098abeb64d206b8847cea26", "text": "Edward Hutchinson (captain) Edward Hutchinson ( 1613 -- 1675 ) ( sometimes referred to as junior to differentiate him from his uncle ) was the oldest child of Massachusetts and Rhode Island magistrate William Hutchinson and his wife , the dissident minister Anne Hutchinson . He is noted for making peace with the authorities following his mother 's banishment from Massachusetts during the Antinomian Controversy , returning to Boston , and ultimately dying in the service of the colony that had treated his family so harshly . Born in Alford , in eastern England , Hutchinson sailed to New England at the age of 20 , a year ahead of the remainder of his family . Following the events of the Antinomian Controversy , he , his father , and his uncle Edward were among 23 signers of a compact for a new government which they soon established at Portsmouth on Rhode Island . Young Hutchinson only remained there a short while , and had returned to Boston to occupy the family house . Here he had 11 children with two wives . He became a charter member of the Military Company of Massachusetts ( today known as the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company of Massachusetts in 1638 and became its lieutenant ( second in command ) in 1654 . He was elected the Company 's captain ( commanding officer ) in 1657 and served a one-year term . He also served as a Deputy to the General Court in 1658 , and in this capacity voiced his opposition to the persecution of the Quakers that took place in the late 1650s . During King Phillips War , in 1675 , Captain Hutchinson and Captain Thomas Wheeler were given an assignment to negotiate with the Nipmuck Indians to keep them out of the war . While searching for the tribal chief , Muttawmp , the two captains , with a company of men , were ambushed , and both were wounded . Two weeks later Hutchinson died from his wounds , and was interred in a cemetery in Marlborough , Massachusetts . Hutchinson is the ancestor of three United States presidents , as well as the loyalist governor of Massachusetts , Thomas Hutchinson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2986ca0ca5666a332740c43b786c7b9", "text": "John Mason (governor) Captain John Mason ( 1586 -- 1635 ) was a sailor and colonizer born at King 's Lynn , Norfolk , England , and educated at Peterhouse , Cambridge . He was appointed the second Proprietary Governor of Newfoundland 's Cuper 's Cove colony in 1615 , succeeding John Guy . Mason arrived on the island in 1616 and explored much of the territory . He compiled a map of the island and wrote and published a short tract ( or `` Discourse '' ) of his findings . Mason drew up the first known English map of the island of Newfoundland . Published in William Vaughan 's Cambrensium Caroleia in 1625 , the map included previously established placenames as well as new ones such as Bristol 's Hope and Butter Pots , near Renews . His tract entitled A Briefe Discourse of the New-Found-Land with the situation , temperature , and commodities thereof , inciting our nation to go forward in the hopefull plantation begunne , was published in 1620 by Mason while in England . In 1620 King James I 's Privy Council issued Mason a commission and provided him with a ship to suppress piracy in Newfoundland . Mason ceased to be Cuper 's Cove governor in 1621 and apparently he was not replaced , although the settlement continued to be occupied throughout the seventeenth century . Upon returning to England , Mason consulted with Sir William Alexander about possibly colonizing Nova Scotia . In 1622 , Mason and Sir Ferdinando Gorges received a patent from the Council for New England for all the territory lying between the Merrimack and Kennebec rivers . In 1629 they divided the grant along the Piscataqua River , with Mason receiving the southern portion . The colony was recharted as the Province of New Hampshire . It included most of the southeastern part of the current state of New Hampshire , as well as portions of present-day Massachusetts north of the Merrimack . Although Mason never set foot in New England , he was appointed first vice-admiral of New England in 1635 . He died that same year while preparing for his first voyage to the new colony .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6916f2698a842c63ced856dba8438171", "text": "Trustee Georgia Trustee Georgia is the name of the period covering the first twenty years of Georgia history , from 1732 -- 1752 , because during that time the English Province of Georgia was governed by a Board of Trustees . England 's King George II , for whom the colony was named , signed a charter establishing the colony and creating its governing board on July 7 , 1732 . His action culminated a lengthy process . The charter was granted to the Trustees for the Establishment of the Colony of Georgia in America , a group formed by James Oglethorpe . Oglethorpe envisioned the province as a location for the resettlement of English debtors and `` the worthy poor '' , although few debtors were part of the organized settlement of Georgia . Another motivation for the founding of the colony was to create a `` buffer state '' ( border ) , or `` garrison province '' that would defend the southern part of the British colonies from Spanish Florida and French Mississippi . Oglethorpe envisioned a province populated largely by yeoman farmers who would secure the southern frontier of British America ; because of this , as well as on moral grounds , the colony 's regulations prohibited slavery . Oglethorpe 's plan for settlement ( now known as the Oglethorpe Plan ) was founded on eighteenth-century country party philosophy and drew from principles of Roman colonial town design .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0bcdf188dee999e0ac3ae355bc4c97ef", "text": "Restoration colony A restoration colony was one of a number of land grants in North America given by King Charles II of England in the later half of the 17th century , ostensibly as a reward to his supporters in the Stuart Restoration . The grants marked the resumption of English colonization of the Americas after a 30-year hiatus . The two major restoration colonies were the Province of Pennsylvania and the Province of Carolina . The founding of the Carolinas is described thusly : In 1663 , three years after he was restored to his father 's throne , England 's Charles II granted a vast territory named Carolina to a group of supporters during his years of exile . Its boundaries extended from Virginia southward to central Florida and eastward to the Atlantic Ocean . Within this potential empire , eight London-based proprietors , including several involved in Barbados sugar plantations , gained governmental powers and semifeudal rights to the land . The system of governance planned for Carolina had both feudal and modern features . To lure settlers , the proprietors promised religious freedom and offered land free for the asking . But onto this generous land offer they grafted a scheme for a semimedieval government in which they , their deputies , and a few noblemen would monopolize political power . Reacting to a generation of revolutionary turbulence in England , they designed Carolina as a model of social and political stability in which a hereditary aristocracy would check boisterous small landholders . The Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations and Connecticut Colony were given their formal charters and Rhode Island even honored the King with King 's Province ( what has since been renamed Washington County , Rhode Island ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "71fa51f0a8513ae6cc3fce0cd9b45744", "text": "The Boston Associates The Boston Associates was a term created by historian Vera Shlakmen in Economic History of a Factory Town , A Study of Chicopee , Massachusetts ( 1935 ) to describe a loosely linked group of investors . They included Nathan Appleton , Patrick Tracy Jackson , Abbott Lawrence , and Amos Lawrence , often related directly or through marriage , they were based in Boston , Massachusetts . By 1845 , there were 31 textile companies -- located in Massachusetts , New Hampshire , and southern Maine -- produced one-fifth of all cotton and wool textiles in the United States . With the capital earned through these mills , they invested in railroads , especially the Boston and Lowell . These railroads helped transport the cotton from warehouses to factories . These Boston-based investors established banks -- such as the Suffolk Bank -- and invested in others . In time , they controlled 40 % of banking capital in Boston , 40 % of all insurance capital in Massachusetts , and 30 % of Massachusetts ' railroads . Tens of thousands of New Englanders received employment from these investors , working in any one of the hundreds of their mills . Mill locations established or improved by the Boston Associates : Waltham , Massachusetts ( 1813 ) Lowell , Massachusetts ( 1822 ) Manchester , New Hampshire ( 1825 ) Saco , Maine ( 1831 ) Nashua , New Hampshire ( 1836 ) Dover , New Hampshire ( 1836 ) Chicopee , Massachusetts ( 1838 ) Lawrence , Massachusetts ( 1845 ) Holyoke , Massachusetts ( 1847 )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8d2c5555a26fa82075968ff1df4cb98", "text": "Henry Bull (governor) Henry Bull ( 1610 -- 1694 ) was an early colonial Governor of Rhode Island , serving for two separate terms , one before and one after the tenure of Edmund Andros under the Dominion of New England . Sailing from England as a young man , Bull first settled in Roxbury in the Massachusetts Bay Colony , but soon became a follower of the dissident ministers John Wheelwright and Anne Hutchinson , and was excommunicated from the Roxbury church . With many other followers of Hutchinson , he signed the Portsmouth Compact , and settled on Aquidneck Island in the Narragansett Bay . Within a year of arriving there , he and others followed William Coddington to the south end of the island where they established the town of Newport . Bull was a corporal and sergeant on the island , and kept the prison for the colony . He also built a house shortly after his arrival that continued to stand in Newport for nearly three centuries , until destroyed by fire . Late in life , Bull became active in the service of the colony , fulfilling roles as commissioner , deputy , and assistant . In 1685 , during a chaotic period in Rhode Island 's history when the colony was being accused of irregularities , and its charter was being threatened under a new King , the 75-year-old Henry Bull stepped into the office of governor , serving for a year . Soon after he left office , Edmund Andros was appointed royal governor of all the New England colonies , remaining in this position for three years , until another change in England 's monarchy resulted in Rhode Island 's return to its former charter . Uncertainty prevailed in the colony , and two other individuals refused to serve as governor , until Bull , as an octogenarian , once again assumed the governorship in 1690 , returning Rhode Island to its previous form of government under its charter . Considered to be as fearless as he was honest , Bull was elected to the highest position in the gift of the colony , despite the fact that he could not sign his name ( he used a mark for his signature in the Portsmouth Compact ) . He became a Quaker after his arrival in the Rhode Island colony , and , following a long life , was buried in the Coddington Cemetery in Newport where several other Quaker governors of the colony were also interred .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "704f7f071d2cf89a82b358dca0166e4d", "text": "Culture of New England The culture of New England comprises a shared heritage and culture primarily shaped by its indigenous peoples , early English colonists , and waves of immigration from Europe , Asia , Africa , and the Americas . In contrast to other American regions , many of New England 's earliest Puritan settlers came from eastern England , contributing to New England 's distinctive accents , foods , customs , and social structures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f83a9bee2a9bd31aa800a4191b4d1f47", "text": "Makonikey Makonikey is a rural neighborhood on Martha 's Vineyard , Massachusetts , that lies on the border of Tisbury ( also known as Vineyard Haven ) and West Tisbury . The Tisbury section is called Lower Makonikey , and the West Tisbury section is called Upper Makonikey . The neighborhood lies between Lambert 's Cove Road and the Vineyard Sound , near Makonikey Point . It is a 5 - to 10-minute drive from the center of Vineyard Haven . The neighborhood is named after Makonikey point . It is referred to in 18th-century records variously as `` Conaconaket '' and `` Nowconaca '' and `` Necorneca '' , corruptions of the Wampanoag term for `` old land '' or `` ancient place . '' In the late 19th and early 20th centuries , Makonikey was known for its grand hotel , long since torn down . Today the area is semi-rural , with houses generally located on lots of greater than 3 acre . The general feeling is that of `` Up Island '' even though the location is right on the edge of `` Down Island '' . The winding dirt roads through the woods can be quite confusing , and are not properly marked either on maps or GPS - many of the roads listed are in fact `` paper '' roads , and still forested . As a result , most residents have affixed signs to direct visitors and delivery people to their houses ( car GPS and online mapping services have not historically accurately mapped the area , but Google Maps has recently been updated with an accurate map of the area ) . These signs are usually in the form of some local animal or object , and are still the easiest way of finding most of the houses . Like the majority of Martha 's Vineyard housing stock , most of the houses in Makonikey are used as summer residences . Lower Makonikey has more year-round residents , and is considered one of the more desirable neighborhoods in Vineyard Haven , as the houses and lots tend to be larger than usual for that town , combined with waterviews and beach access ( this is generally true of the neighborhoods in Vineyard Haven between Lamberts Cove Road and the Vineyard Sound , Northern Pines , Pilot Hill , and Lower Makonikey ) Lower Makonikey and Upper Makonikey are the subject of 2 separate associations , the Lower Makonikey Corporation and the Upper Makonikey Trust . The associations ' main duties are road and beach maintenance . Beach access is private , like many other beaches in Massachusetts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "983e5d0bd03575293b83e2b12a40cec1", "text": "Bevis (ship) The Bevis , also known as the Bevis of Hampton was a ship that brought `` Emigrants '' from England to New England in 1638 at a time when thousands of Puritans left England seeking freedom of religious practice . The ship master was named Robert Batten . One voyage carried 61 settlers from Southampton , England , leaving on 16 May 1638 , to `` Newengland '' , all one word . The ship 's destinations included : Newbury , Weymouth , Wells , Maine , Newport , Salisbury , and Charlestown . The passengers on the Bevis were mostly Puritans , leaving England for the New World driven by the quest for religious freedom at a time when England was moving toward ardent Catholicism . Scholar David B. Gracy , II , notes that some in the hierarchy of the King of England noticed the Bevis was almost entirely composed of Puritans and agents of the Kingdom sought to prevent the ship from setting sail in May 1638 , but alas failed to prevent the sailing . The burthen ( weight bearing capacity ) of the Bevis was 150 tons . The goods were loaded on 12 May 1638 . The shippers of the goods were Richard Dumer & Co. . Henry Byles & Co. . A noteworthy passenger on the Bevis was Richard Austin , whose descendants of the same surname name would include Moses Austin , Stephen F. Austin , and Emily Austin Perry who collectively are credited with settling the State of Texas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e33a69e585ee8316a03d75134b6e27c", "text": "Roger Williams Park Museum of Natural History and Planetarium Roger Williams Park Museum of Natural History and Planetarium is a natural history museum and planetarium within Roger Williams Park in Providence , Rhode Island .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9142145d4d0cbeb125e26d76783952b7", "text": "Edmund Quincy (1602–1636) Col. Edmund Quincy I ( 1602 -- 1636 ) , known as `` the Puritan '' , was an English settler , soldier , colonist , planter , landowner , merchant , and politician of Massachusetts Bay Colony in what later became the United States . He is notable as the progenitor of the prestigious Quincy family .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "67024bf85b20a782d3b0860649036982", "text": "Trinity Church (Newport, Rhode Island) Trinity Church , on Queen Anne Square in Newport , Rhode Island , is a historic parish church in the Episcopal Diocese of Rhode Island . Founded in 1698 , it is the oldest Episcopal parish in the state . The current Georgian building was designed by architect Richard Munday and constructed in 1725 -- 26 . It is a National Historic Landmark .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0efbbd4315fb45d5bd7a2193fb2c8504", "text": "Joseph Wanton Jr. Joseph Wanton Jr. ( 1730 -- 1780 ) was a Loyalist , merchant , Deputy Governor of Rhode Island in 1764 and 1767 and owner of Hunter House in Newport , Rhode Island . Wanton was born to Governor Joseph Wanton and Mary Winthrop Wanton of Newport on February 8 , 1730 . Wanton graduated from Harvard University in 1751 and was involved with privateers during the French and Indian War possibly where he attained the title of colonel . Wanton 's first wife Abigail Honeyman , by whom he had 7 children , died in 1771 . Wanton served as a vestryman at Trinity Church ( Newport ) . Wanton was elected Deputy Governor of Rhode Island in 1764 and 1767 . Wanton was a loyalist during the American Revolution and was accused of treason and imprisoned by Rhode Island General William West while the British occupied Narragansett Bay in 1776 . When the British occupied Newport , he raised troops for the Loyalist cause . In 1780 Wanton 's property ( Hunter House ) was confiscated , and he fled Newport when the Americans reoccupied the city . Wanton likely died in New York in 1780 after fleeing there with the British . In 1781 his widow Sarah Brenton Wanton ( his second wife whom he married in 1775 ) unsuccessfully petitioned the State of Rhode Island to return of the confiscated Wanton properties in Newport , Jamestown , Prudence Island , and Gould Island . Some genealogists speculate that Wanton became an Episcopal minister near Liverpool , England , although this seems inconsistent with other information about his life , including the 1780 burial record of one Col. Wanton in the churchyard at Trinity Wall Street Church , Manhattan . It is more likely that it was Joseph and Sarah 's son ; Joseph Brenton Wanton who went to Trinity College , Cambridge in October 1795 , aged 18 ; and later became a minister in Liverpool , England . Joseph Brenton Wanton ( JBW ) was Joseph Wanton and Sarah Brenton 's only child . Sarah Brenton Wanton remarried in 1784 , to William Atherton ` Esquire of Jamaica ' in Trinity Church , Newport , RI . William Atherton owned Green Park Plantation in Trelawney , Jamaica and Spring Vale Pen Plantation in St James , Jamaica . Sarah died in July 1787 and was buried in Clifton Burying Ground , Newport . It is recorded in Trinity Church Archives that ` He -LSB- William Atherton -RSB- immediately after her -LSB- Sarah 's -RSB- death disposed of his household goods and went to England , where he had a tablet prepared , and had it set up in the church -LSB- Trinity Church , Rhode Island -RSB- in Nov. 1788 . ' In England , he bought Prescot Hall outside Liverpool . He apparently took his step-son , Joseph Brenton Wanton with him , who was registered in Manchester Grammar School . and appears in Cambridge University Alumni as ` Joseph Brenton WAUTON , son of Joseph , Governor of Rhode Island ' , having been to Manchester & Macclesfield Schools , ` where it states that the name was originally WANTON ' . All Joseph Brenton Wanton 's children were called WAUTON although in his Will of 1841 , he signs as ` Joseph Brenton WANTON ' . This seems to be when the name for this branch of the family was changed . In 1803 he married Mary Weston , daughter of a tanner from Halewood , Liverpool , and had 4 children , the two sons went to Cambridge and became ministers in the Church of England . JBW was a minister in the Church of England but retired through ill-health in 1819 , living in Liverpool , the Isle of Man and Cheshire . He died in 1853 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab754580da5a9f5859a53c2a6b20a2f0", "text": "Ponkapoag Ponkapoag -LSB- ˈpɒŋkəpɔːɡ -RSB- , also Punkapaug , Punkapoag , or Punkapog , is the name of a Native American `` praying town '' settled in the western Blue Hills area of eastern Massachusetts during the colonization of the Atlantic seaboard of the United States by settlers from Britain in the 17th century . It is the name given to the winter residence ( and subsequently to the tribe ) of the group of Massachusett who lived at the mouth of the Neponset River in summer . Ponkapoag is now contained almost entirely by the town of Canton , Massachusetts . Ponkapoag Plantation was established in 1657 as a 6000 acre town parcel formed from Dorchester , Massachusetts Bay Colony . It was the second Christianized native settlement , or `` Praying Town '' in Massachusetts , after Natick was established in 1651 . In 1654 members of the Nemasket Tribe located in the village of Cohannet in current day Bristol County were among the first Native Americans relocated as part of King Philip 's War to Ponkapoag . The name is derived from a nearby pond 1 mi south of Great Blue Hill ; Ponkapoag means `` shallow pond '' or `` a spring that bubbles from red soil '' . The Massachusett ( punkapoags ) still live within their territory today .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1eb63765743459fa621b4370b4c0c99", "text": "Arnold Burying Ground Arnold Burying Ground ( also known as the Governor Arnold Burying Ground ) is a historic cemetery on Pelham Street just east of Spring Street in Newport , Rhode Island . It is the burial place of Benedict Arnold , Rhode Island 's first governor under the Royal Charter of 1663 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "89767bdd4312f3117a356f4d3d43241b", "text": "Oath of a Freeman The `` Oath of a Freeman '' was a loyalty oath drawn up in the early 17th century , to be taken by freemen of the Plymouth Colony , in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts ; a freeman was any established member of a colony who was not under legal restraint . The Oath was a vow to defend the Commonwealth , and not to conspire to overthrow the government . It was first written in 1631 , and revised in 1634 . Original copies survive only in a handwritten copy from 1634 and in a later printed version from 1647 . Stephen Daye made a broadside printing of the document in 1639 , but it is now lost .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "852203bc09e68a87caf586b3f3b5ac9d", "text": "Mount Hope Bay Mount Hope Bay is a tidal estuary located at the mouth of the Taunton River on the Massachusetts and Rhode Island border . It is an arm of Narragansett Bay . The bay is named after Mount Hope , a small hill located on its western shore in what is now Bristol , Rhode Island . It flows into the East Passage of Narragansett Bay and also the Sakonnet River . Mount Hope Bay has played an important role to the history of the area , from pre-colonial times to the present . While many years of sewage and industrial pollution have severely degraded the quality of the shallow waters of the bay , there are currently major efforts underway to clean up and restore it .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "755b128742803409b7d900572db2f9e6", "text": "Furious 7 Furious 7 ( alternatively known as Fast & Furious 7 and Fast 7 ) is a 2015 American action film directed by James Wan and written by Chris Morgan . It is the seventh installment in The Fast and the Furious franchise . The film stars Vin Diesel , Paul Walker , Dwayne Johnson , Michelle Rodriguez , Tyrese Gibson , Chris ` Ludacris ' Bridges , Jordana Brewster , Djimon Hounsou , Kurt Russell , and Jason Statham . Furious 7 follows Dominic Toretto ( Diesel ) , Brian O'Conner ( Walker ) , and the rest of their team , who have returned to the United States to live normal lives after securing amnesty for their past crimes in Fast & Furious 6 ( 2013 ) , until Deckard Shaw ( Statham ) , a rogue special forces assassin seeking to avenge his comatose younger brother , puts the team in danger once again . With the previous three installments set between 2 Fast 2 Furious ( 2003 ) and The Fast and the Furious : Tokyo Drift ( 2006 ) , Furious 7 is the first installment in the franchise to take place after Tokyo Drift . The film also marks the final film appearance of Walker , who died in a single-vehicle crash on November 30 , 2013 with filming only half-completed . Following Walker 's death , filming was delayed for script rewrites , and his brothers , Caleb and Cody , were used as stand-ins to complete his remaining scenes . These script rewrites completed the story arcs for both Walker and Brewster 's characters ( Brian O'Conner and Mia Toretto , respectively ) , causing both to be retired . As a result , it is also the final installment in the franchise to star Brewster . Plans for a seventh installment were first announced in February 2012 when Johnson stated that production on the film would begin after the completion of Fast & Furious 6 . In April 2013 , Wan , predominantly known for horror films , was announced to direct the film in place of Justin Lin , who left the franchise after directing the previous four installments . Casting began in the same month with the re-signing of Diesel and Walker , and an initial release date was set . Principal photography began in Atlanta , Georgia , in September 2013 , resumed in April 2014 and ended in July 2014 , with other filming locations including Los Angeles , Colorado , Abu Dhabi , and Tokyo . Furious 7 premiered in Los Angeles on April 1 , 2015 , and was theatrically released in the United States on April 3 , 2015 , playing in 3D , IMAX 3D , and 4DX internationally . Upon release , the film became a critical and commercial success , with praise being aimed at the film 's action sequences and its tribute to Walker . The film grossed $ 397.6 million worldwide during its opening weekend , which is the sixth highest-grossing opening of all time . The film has grossed over $ 1.5 billion worldwide -- more than the franchise 's first five installments combined -- making it the highest-grossing film of the franchise after just twelve days , the third highest-grossing film of 2015 and the sixth highest-grossing film of all time . A sequel , The Fate of the Furious , was released on April 14 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d285cdb616745f99b101a34378a4f155", "text": "Tokyo Tokyo ( -LSB- toːkjoː -RSB- , -LSB- langˈtoʊki.oʊ -RSB- ) , officially Tokyo Metropolis , is the capital of Japan and one of its 47 prefectures . The Greater Tokyo Area is the most populous metropolitan area in the world . It is the seat of the Emperor of Japan and the Japanese government . Tokyo is in the Kantō region on the southeastern side of the main island Honshu and includes the Izu Islands and Ogasawara Islands . Formerly known as Edo , it has been the de facto seat of government since 1603 when Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu made the city his headquarters . It officially became the capital after Emperor Meiji moved his seat to the city from the old capital of Kyoto in 1868 ; at that time Edo was renamed Tokyo . Tokyo Metropolis was formed in 1943 from the merger of the former and the . Tokyo is often referred to as a city , but is officially known and governed as a `` metropolitan prefecture '' , which differs from and combines elements of a city and a prefecture , a characteristic unique to Tokyo . The Tokyo metropolitan government administers the 23 Special Wards of Tokyo ( each governed as an individual city ) , which cover the area that was the City of Tokyo before it merged and became the metropolitan prefecture in 1943 . The metropolitan government also administers 39 municipalities in the western part of the prefecture and the two outlying island chains . The population of the special wards is over 9 million people , with the total population of the prefecture exceeding 13 million . The prefecture is part of the world 's most populous metropolitan area with upwards of 37.8 million people and the world 's largest urban agglomeration economy . The city hosts 51 of the Fortune Global 500 companies , the highest number of any city in the world . Tokyo ranked third in the International Financial Centres Development IndexEdit . The city is also home to various television networks such as Fuji TV , Tokyo MX , TV Tokyo , TV Asahi , Nippon Television , NHK and the Tokyo Broadcasting System . Tokyo ranked first in the Global Economic Power Index and fourth in the Global Cities Index . The city is considered an alpha + world city -- as listed by the GaWC 's 2008 inventory -- and in 2014 , Tokyo was ranked first in the `` Best overall experience '' category of TripAdvisor '' 's World City Survey ( the city also ranked first in the following categories : `` helpfulness of locals '' , `` nightlife '' , `` shopping '' , `` local public transportation '' and `` cleanliness of streets '' ) . In 2015 , Tokyo was ranked as the 11th most expensive city for expatriates , according to the Mercer consulting firm , and also the world 's 11th most expensive city , according to the Economist Intelligence Unit 's cost-of-living survey . In 2015 , Tokyo was named the Most Liveable City in the world by the magazine Monocle '' . The Michelin Guide has awarded Tokyo by far the most Michelin stars of any city in the world . Tokyo ranked first in the world in the Safe Cities Index . The 2016 edition of QS Best Student Cities ranked Tokyo as the 3rd-best city in the world to be a university student . Tokyo hosted the 1964 Summer Olympics , the 1979 G-7 summit , the 1986 G-7 summit , and the 1993 G-7 summit , and will host the 2020 Summer Olympics and the 2020 Summer Paralympics .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b9cd889f8e62a1e10b30e7415019f4c3", "text": "Hayao Miyazaki is a Japanese film director , producer , screenwriter , animator , author , and manga artist . Through a career that has spanned over five decades , Miyazaki has attained international acclaim as a masterful storyteller and as a maker of anime feature films and , along with Isao Takahata , co-founded Studio Ghibli , a film and animation studio . Born in Bunkyō , Tokyo , Miyazaki began his animation career in 1963 when he joined Toei Animation . From there , Miyazaki worked as an in-between artist for Gulliver 's Travels Beyond the Moon , where he pitched ideas that eventually became the film 's ending . Hayao Miyazaki was also associated with Tokyo Movie Shinsha . He co-directed Lupin III with Isao Takahata , provided the screenplay and key animation for Panda ! Go Panda ! , provided key animation for the first episode of Tokyo Giants , provided the original concept for Jungle Kurobe , provided the director role for Lupin III : Tales of the Wolf , provided key animation for the Ulysses 31 pilot in conjunction with Diffusion Information Communication , provided the director role for The New Adventures of Zorro , provided key animation for the Inspector Gadget pilot , and provided the chief director role for season 1 of Sherlock Hound . He continued to work in various roles in the animation industry with various studios until he directed his first feature film , The Castle of Cagliostro , a Lupin the Third story , released in 1979 . After the success of his next film , Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind ( 1984 ) , he co-founded Studio Ghibli , where he continued to produce many feature films . While Miyazaki 's films have long enjoyed both commercial and critical success in Japan , he remained largely unknown to the West until Miramax Films released Princess Mononoke in 1997 . Princess Mononoke was briefly the highest-grossing film in Japan until it was eclipsed by another 1997 film , Titanic , and it became the first animated film to win Picture of the Year at the Japanese Academy Awards . Miyazaki 's next film , Spirited Away ( 2001 ) , won Picture of the Year at the Japanese Academy Awards , and was the first anime film to win an American Academy Award . Miyazaki 's films often contain recurrent themes , like humanity 's relationship with nature and technology , and the difficulty of maintaining a pacifist ethic . His films ' protagonists are often strong girls or young women . While two of his films , The Castle of Cagliostro and Castle in the Sky , involve traditional villains , his other films like Nausicaä and Princess Mononoke present morally ambiguous antagonists with redeeming qualities . He co-wrote films The Secret World of Arrietty , released in July 2010 in Japan and February 2012 in the United States ; and From Up on Poppy Hill released in July 2011 in Japan and March 2013 in the United States . Miyazaki 's newest film The Wind Rises was released on July 20 , 2013 and screened internationally in February 2014 . The film would go on to earn him his third American Academy Award nomination and first Golden Globe Award nomination . Miyazaki announced on September 1 , 2013 that The Wind Rises would be his final feature-length movie . In November 2014 , Miyazaki was awarded an Honorary Academy Award for his impact on animation and cinema . He is the second Japanese filmmaker to win this award , after Akira Kurosawa in 1990 . In 2002 , American film critic Roger Ebert suggested that Miyazaki may be the best animation filmmaker in history , praising the depth and artistry of his films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "27c809ff98a475fa05b26e818f00a3a6", "text": "Shinjuku Musashinokan The is a long-standing movie theater located on the east side of Shinjuku Station in Tokyo , Japan . Originally started as the Musashinokan in May 1920 , it quickly became Tokyo 's premiere independent high-class theater showing foreign films . The theater program featured top-level film criticism and a committee of the managers and of film critics such as Akira Iwasaki helped program the films shown there . It was also famous in the silent era for the erudite benshi narration of Musei Tokugawa . On occasion , it also showed Japanese films such as Teinosuke Kinugasa 's A Page of Madness . When it was rebuilt in 1968 as part of a multi-purpose building , occupying the seventh floor , it changed its name to the Shinjuku Musashinokan . Its owner , Musashino Kōgyō , also started other theaters using the name , such as the Ōi Musashinokan and the Nakano Musashinokan . The Shinjuku Musashinokan still operates as a theater showing films on three screens .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a5726af2a2b54a15602e34e6c524069", "text": "Toho is a Japanese film , theater production , and distribution company . It has its headquarters in Yūrakuchō , Chiyoda , Tokyo , and is one of the core companies of the Hankyu Hanshin Toho Group . Outside Japan , it is best known as the producer and distributor of many kaiju and tokusatsu films , the Chouseishin tokusatsu superhero television franchise , the films of Akira Kurosawa , and the anime films of Studio Ghibli . Other famous directors , including Yasujirō Ozu , Kenji Mizoguchi , Masaki Kobayashi , and Mikio Naruse , also directed films for Toho . Toho 's most famous creation is Godzilla , who features in 29 of the company 's films . Godzilla , Rodan , Mothra , King Ghidorah and Mechagodzilla are described as Toho 's Big Five because of the monsters ' numerous appearances in all three eras of the franchise , as well as spin-offs . Toho has also been involved in the production of numerous anime titles . Its subdivisions are Toho-Towa Distribution , Toho Pictures Incorporated , Toho International Company Limited , Toho E. B. Company Limited , and Toho Music Corporation & Toho Costume Company Limited . The company is the largest shareholder ( 7.96 % ) of Fuji Media Holdings Inc. .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "75c80241ead5e4b4bcd0696dedfa3370", "text": "Tokyo Gore Police is a 2008 Japanese-American film co-written , edited , and directed by Yoshihiro Nishimura and stars Eihi Shiina as Ruka , a vengeful police officer . Tokyo Gore Police was released to several film festivals in North America . It received generally positive reviews , noting that it lives up to its title by being gory , perverse and bizarre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b3623867244c754fbbe4f74dadcc3ce", "text": "Third Window Films Third Window Films is a UK-based distributor of movies from East Asia founded in 2005 . They have provided distribution for numerous award winning films , such as Oasis ( Winner of Marcello Mastroianni Award , FIPRESCI Prize Signis Award and Special Director 's Award at the Venice Film Festival ) , Himizu ( Winner of the Marcello Mastroianni Award at the Venice Film Festival ) , Villain ( Best Actress winner at the Montreal Film Festival ) , Kotoko ( Winner of the Best Film Award in the Orrizonti of the Venice Film Festival ) , Memories of Matsuko ( Best Actress , Best Editing and Best Music at Japan Academy Award and more . Although receiving cult status in the UK for releasing such films as Love Exposure , Cold Fish , Fish Story , Tetsuo : The Iron Man and others , many of Third Window Films ' titles are blockbusters that feature household names in their native countries . For instance , Guns & Talks features Korean idol Won Bin star of Mother , For Love 's Sake by Takashi Miike played Out of Competition at the Cannes Film Festival , Vulgaria was the highest grossing Hong Kong film of 2012 and Confessions held the number one spot in Japan for a whole month despite strong competition from Sex and the City 2 and Iron Man 2 and was Japan 's official nomination for the 2010 Academy Awards . In 2011 , Third Window Films opened a branch office in Japan , Third Window Films Japan , to handle international co-productions . Their first co-production , The Land of Hope directed by Sion Sono , won the NETPAC Award at the Toronto International Film Festival in 2012 . In 2013 they created the first international large-scale co-production for a Japanese comedy , with Yosuke Fujita 's ` Fuku-chan of FukuFuku Flats ' . The project brought in Tucker Film in Italy , Joint Entertainment in Taiwan , Rapid Eye Movies in Germany and partnered them with Japan 's TV Man Union and Phantom Films . Third Window Films setup distribution deals as well for all 5 countries . In 2015 they fully produced the Japanese independent film ` Lowlife Love ' ( Gesu no Ai ) directed by Uchida Eiji . The film is a 100 % production of Third Window Films and stars many well-known Japanese actors such as Denden , Shugo Oshinari , Kiyohiko Shibukawa , Kanji Tsuda , Yoshihiko Hosoda and Houka Kinoshita . It is scheduled for release in Japan and internationally in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33b889d653047ed7d6f0ec4b895d38dc", "text": "6th Yokohama Film Festival The was held on 3 February 1985 in Kanagawa Prefectural Music Hall , Yokohama , Kanagawa , Japan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e560e2cb6adeca65f47524ea2ed37b6c", "text": "Battles Without Honor and Humanity: Final Episode is a 1974 Japanese yakuza film directed by Kinji Fukasaku . It is the final film in a five-part series that Fukasaku made in a span of just two years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4cca1a7c159cf8d323c9f35426df0a51", "text": "Psycho-Pass: The Movie is a 2015 Japanese anime science fiction crime film by Production I.G and ran in over 100 theatres . It premiered in Japan on January 9 , 2015 . The plot involves the appearances of terrorists in Japan . It is directed by Naoyoshi Shiotani whereas the chief director is Katsuyuki Motohiro . Gen Urobuchi and Makoto Fukami contributed together as the film 's writers . The film has been licensed by Funimation Entertainment and had a limited theatrical release in the United States on March 15 -- 16 , 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be734f459d6d28da156ed50ad7f32f47", "text": "2001 Japan Airlines mid-air incident On January 31 , 2001 , Japan Airlines Flight 907 , a Boeing 747-400 en route from Haneda Airport , Japan , to Naha Airport , Okinawa , narrowly avoided a mid-air collision with Flight 958 , a McDonnell Douglas DC-10-40 en route from Gimhae International Airport , South Korea , to Narita International Airport , Japan . The event became known in Japan as the . The incident was attributed to errors made by air traffic controller trainee and trainee supervisor . The incident caused Japanese authorities to call upon the International Civil Aviation Organization ( ICAO ) to take measures to prevent similar incidents from occurring . Had the collision occurred , given the 677 people on board both aircraft combined , this could have potentially been the deadliest aviation accident in the world , surpassing the Tenerife airport disaster , which killed 583 people .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b899950c5f08be27ed084b5945e85bc0", "text": "Speed Racer Speed Racer , also known as , is a Japanese media franchise about automobile racing . Mach GoGoGo was originally serialized in print in Shueisha 's 1966 Shōnen Book . It was released in tankōbon book form by Sun Wide Comics , and later re-released in Japan by Fusosha . Adapted into anime by Tatsunoko Productions , its 52 episodes aired on Fuji TV from April 1967 to March 1968 . The anime was later re-broadcast on Tokyo MX from July 1 to September 25 , 2008 . Selected chapters of the manga were released by NOW Comics in the 1990s under the title Speed Racer Classics . These were later released by Wildstorm Productions , a division of DC Comics , as Speed Racer : The Original Manga . In 2008 , under its Americanized title , Speed Racer , Mach GoGoGo was republished in its entirety in the United States by Digital Manga Publishing and was released as a box set to commemorate the franchise 's 40th anniversary , as well as serving as a tie-in with the 2008 film . The television series itself is an early example of an anime becoming a successful franchise in the United States , spawning multiple spinoffs in both print and broadcast media .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f79f56cd5c557d438ba24527ad77c733", "text": "Osaka Tough Guys is a 1995 action film directed by Takashi Miike . The story is about two high school boys who happen to get involved in the yakuza .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "766c47eef614decd31fbf1e3bc91aaba", "text": "Japanese School of Detroit The is a Saturday-only Japanese supplementary educational school in Metro Detroit . It is often called `` Ringo Kai . '' As of December 2011 it has almost 800 students . The school office is located in Novi Meadows Elementary School , which is the class location of the preschool and elementary school levels . Middle and high school classes are held at Novi High School . The purpose of the Japanese School of Detroit is to provide Japanese children with opportunities to learn the supplementary curricula of the Japanese education in the Japanese language while they stay in the U.S. , so that children will adapt themselves back into the Japanese educational environment without much difficulty when they return to Japan . Japanese families stay in the U.S. for 3 -- 5 years on average . As of 2015 it is the world 's third largest hoshuko '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "015a54eba27d52893797793477d0a44b", "text": "1st Okinawa International Movie Festival The 1st Okinawa International Movie Festival was held from March 19 to March 22 , 2009 and took place at the American Village at Mihama Chatan-cho in Okinawa City . The inaugural events saw 38 films being shown and was supported by the Ministries of Economy , Trade and Industry , and Foreign Affairs , along with the Cabinet Office in Okinawa . Most of the movies for the first Okinawa International Movie Festival were shown free of charge with a few priced at ¥ 800 / ¥ 400 for adults / children . The Chatan Town Sunset Beach also hosted performances by Okinawan artists Rimi Natsukawa and the Rinken Band . The Competition Grand Prix was awarded to Japanese director Katsuhide Motoki for his film Battle League Horumo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0eb8f794418ab55c63dc9f50bdb37757", "text": "Takeo Kimura filmography The following is the filmography of Takeo Kimura , the Japanese art director , writer , and film director who has art-directed more than 200 films over a span of more than six decades and ranks among Japan 's best-known art directors . His training began with the Nikkatsu Company in 1941 , whose production division was merged into Daiei during the wartime industry reorganization , where he was promoted to art director in 1945 . His debut film as such was Umi no yobu koe ( 1945 ) . Nikkatsu re-opened its production studio in 1954 and Kimura moved there . He worked with several directors , including top action director Toshio Masuda on films such as Red Quay ( 1958 ) with top star Yujiro Ishihara and Gangster VIP ( 1968 ) starring Tetsuya Watari . However , his longest and most famous collaboration has been with director Seijun Suzuki , which began with The Bastard ( 1963 ) . Together they developed a bold , expressive style exemplified in Gate of Flesh ( 1964 ) and Tokyo Drifter ( 1966 ) . Suzuki often rewrote his scripts with Kimura , who was given his first screenwriting credit on The Flower and the Angry Waves ( 1964 ) . Kimura was also a part of Guryū Hachirō , the pen name of the writing group that formed around Suzuki in the mid-1960s and wrote Branded to Kill ( 1967 ) . Kimura left Nikkatsu in 1973 to work freelance . He subsequently art-directed many films for director Kei Kumai over almost 20 years . This included Kumai 's best-known film Sandakan No. 8 ( 1974 ) , Love and Faith ( 1978 ) featuring Toshirō Mifune and The Sea Is Watching ( 2002 ) based on one of Akira Kurosawa 's final scripts . Kimura 's collaboration with director Kazuo Kuroki exceeded 20 years , including the Art Theatre Guild film Preparation for the Festival ( 1975 ) and The Face of Jizo ( 2004 ) . He worked with Suzuki on several more films , including Zigeunerweisen ( 1980 ) and Pistol Opera ( 2001 ) , a follow-up to Branded to Kill . Zigeunerweisen was voted best Japanese film of the 1980s by Japanese film critics . He art-directed on Fire Festival and Tampopo ( both 1985 ) , career highlights in the respective oeuvres of directors Mitsuo Yanagimachi and Juzo Itami . Kaizō Hayashi 's best remembered and debut film To Sleep so as to Dream ( 1986 ) marked the beginning of another long collaboration which also encompassed his Maiku Hama trilogy : The Most Terrible Time in My Life ( 1994 ) , Stairway to the Distant Past ( 1995 ) and The Trap ( 1996 ) . At age 86 Kimura directed the first of four short films with Mugen Sasurai ( 2004 ) , which earned him the title for oldest directorial debut . The last was Matouqin Nocturne ( 2007 ) in which Suzuki appeared in a prominent role . Kimura then wrote and directed the feature-length film Dreaming Awake ( 2008 ) based on his own self-published novel . He was recognized by Guinness World Records for `` the oldest debut as a feature film director '' at age 90 . Suzuki again appeared in the film . Kimura himself acted in a couple small roles for other directors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3367fdc7b5f51cbba089fac1919682b2", "text": "Redline (2009 film) is a 2009 science fiction auto racing anime film produced by Madhouse and released in Japan on October 9 , 2010 . The directorial debut feature of Takeshi Koike , it features the voices of Takuya Kimura , Yū Aoi and Tadanobu Asano , and an original story by Katsuhito Ishii , who also co-writes and sound directs . The film is set in the distant future , where a man known as JP takes on great risks for the chance of winning the titular underground race . After a total of seven years in production , Redline was intended to premiere at the 2009 Annecy International Animated Film Festival and follow Summer Wars , Mai Mai Miracle , and Yona Yona Penguin as the fourth and final feature film Madhouse planned to release between summer 2009 and spring 2010 . However , further delays resulted in the delay of its world premiere , pushed back a few months to August 14 , 2009 , at the Locarno International Film Festival and its Japanese release to fall 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66375a74f9f323f4e30f4ffa2dbaf098", "text": "NBCUniversal Entertainment Japan ( formerly known as Geneon Universal Entertainment and previously Pioneer LDC -- Pioneer LaserDisc Company , a former subsidiary of Pioneer Corporation ) is a Japanese music , anime and home entertainment production and distribution enterprise headquartered in Akasaka , Minato , Tokyo , Japan . From its days as Geneon Universal Entertainment , Geneon has been involved in the production and distribution of several anime in Japan . Geneon 's North American branch ( founded as Pioneer Entertainment ) specialized in translating and distributing anime and related merchandise , such as soundtracks across the region . Geneon is a portmanteau of the English words , generate and eon . On February 1 , 2009 , Geneon merged with Universal Pictures Japan into Geneon Universal Entertainment . On December 9 , 2013 , the company changed its name to the current NBCUniversal Entertainment Japan . Outside Japan , the majority of NBCUniversal Entertainment Japan 's anime titles are distributed in the Oceanic region by Universal Sony Pictures Home Entertainment Australia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df5bdf8f714c8fe3d8edcc548c444e23", "text": "Megadimension Neptunia VII is a Japanese role-playing game in the Hyperdimension Neptunia series of role-playing games , for the PlayStation 4 and Microsoft Windows . It was released in Japan on April 23 , 2015 , North American territories on February 2 , 2016 , European territories on February 12 , 2016 and the Windows version was released on July 5 , 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2636249a661d3235a10ac9722f9ffa0e", "text": "The Fast and the Furious (2001 film) The Fast and the Furious is a 2001 American-German action crime film directed by Rob Cohen , produced by Neal H. Moritz and written by Gary Scott Thompson and David Ayer . It is the first installment in the The Fast and the Furious franchise . The film stars Vin Diesel , Paul Walker , Michelle Rodriguez , Jordana Brewster , Rick Yune , Chad Lindberg , Johnny Strong , and Matt Schulze . The film follows undercover cop Brian O'Conner , who is tasked with stopping a group of unknown hijackers using high-performance racecars to hijack 18-wheelers . Inspiration for the film was sought through a Vibe magazine article titled `` Racer X '' , which detailed the illegal street racing circuit operating within New York City . Filming locations include New York City and New England , with a majority of the film being shot in southern California . The Fast and the Furious was released on June 22 , 2001 , grossing over $ 207 million worldwide from an estimated $ 38 million budget . It was later re-released on June 22 , 2016 , to celebrate its 15th anniversary . It has a 53 % approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes , which called it `` sleek and shiny on the surface '' in its critical consensus . The Fast and the Furious launched a franchise of sequels , starting with 2 Fast 2 Furious in 2003 , followed by The Fast and the Furious : Tokyo Drift in 2006 , Fast & Furious in 2009 , Fast Five in 2011 , Fast & Furious 6 in 2013 , Furious 7 in 2015 , and The Fate of the Furious in 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "612f2ba623d931049fdaaca214f12e17", "text": "List of The Fast and the Furious characters The Fast and the Furious is an American action film series produced by Neal H. Moritz and distributed by Universal Pictures . Consisting of eight films and two short films , the following is a list of characters from The Fast and the Furious .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f98d933939944c47ef4ba40fb4611241", "text": "Naked Seven aka Sengoku Rock : Female Warriors and Warring States Rock : Gale-Force Women is a 1972 Japanese film in Nikkatsu 's Roman porno series , directed by Yasuharu Hasebe and starring Mari Tanaka .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b1b191a5a8200bd801769cec3499681c", "text": "Aaron Carter Aaron Charles Carter ( born December 7 , 1987 ) is an American singer . He came to fame as a pop and hip hop singer in the late 1990s , establishing himself as a star among pre-teen and teenage audiences during the early 2000s with his four studio albums . Born in Tampa , Florida , Carter began performing at age seven and released his self-titled debut album in 1997 . His second album Aaron 's Party ( Come Get It ) ( 2000 ) sold three million copies in the United States , and Carter began making guest appearances on Nickelodeon and touring with the Backstreet Boys shortly after the record 's release . Carter 's next album , Oh Aaron , also went platinum , and the musician released his most recent studio album , Another Earthquake ! , in 2002 , followed by his 2003 Most Requested Hits collection . He has since appeared on Dancing With the Stars , the Broadway play The Fantasticks , and made several one-off performances . In 2014 , he announced that he would begin releasing new music and began by releasing a single featuring rapper Pat SoLo , `` Ooh Wee '' , which first became available as a free download with purchase on his web store . Carter released a single , Fool 's Gold , on April 1 , 2016 and an EP titled LøVë on February 10 , 2017 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b9acfff95c6f6929428f61222c82f363", "text": "December 22", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6760042fe6ad26d6d86f3466aa2ad4c7", "text": "Kennedy Center Honors The Kennedy Center Honors is an annual honor given to those in the performing arts for their lifetime of contributions to American culture ( though recipients do not need to be U.S. citizens ) . The Honors have been presented annually since 1978 , culminating each December in a star-studded gala celebrating the Honorees in the Kennedy Center Opera House .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fbc4819f6020cd3423e1173b036e011b", "text": "Drew Carter Christopher Drew Carter ( born September 5 , 1981 ) is a former American football wide receiver of the National Football League . He was originally drafted by the Carolina Panthers in the fifth round of the 2004 NFL Draft . He played college football at Ohio State . He also played for the Oakland Raiders .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5bfbd7d026ae90559069d0c160e62110", "text": "Carter (supercomputer) Carter is a supercomputer installed at Purdue University in the fall of 2011 in a partnership with Intel . The high-performance computing cluster is operated by Information Technology at Purdue ( ITaP ) , the university 's central information technology organization . ITaP also operates clusters named Steele built in 2008 , Coates built in 2009 , Rossmann built in 2010 , and Hansen built in the summer of 2011 . Carter was the fastest campus supercomputer in the U.S. outside a national center when built . It was one of the first clusters to employ Intel 's second generation Xenon E-5 `` Sandy Bridge '' processor and ranked 54th on the November 2011 TOP500 list , making it Purdue 's first Top 100-ranked research computing system .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a6d46629fe422f7400f5b09e187ae61", "text": "String Quartet No. 2 (Carter) The Second String Quartet by American composer Elliott Carter was completed in 1959 . It was commissioned by the Stanley String Quartet , and received its first performance in 1960 by the Juilliard String Quartet . The quartet is considerably influenced by the music of European avant-garde composers who were gaining celebrity at this time , particularly Pierre Boulez 's Le marteau sans maître . This is a much more fragmentary piece than his earlier quartet ( 1951 ) : the four instruments play very individual roles and unpredictably bounce off one another . Indeed , Carter instructs the players to sit as far apart as possible so that they appear to be playing different pieces simultaneously .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "efb3693b61b3278517d51d1ab490994b", "text": "Elliott Carter Elliott Cook Carter Jr. ( December 11 , 1908 -- November 5 , 2012 ) was an American composer who was twice awarded the Pulitzer Prize . He studied with Nadia Boulanger in Paris in the 1930s , then returned to the United States . After an early neoclassical phase , his style shifted to an emphasis on atonality and rhythmic complexity . His compositions are known and performed throughout the world ; they include orchestral , chamber music , solo instrumental , and vocal works . He was productive in his later years , publishing more than 40 works between the ages of 90 and 100 , and over 20 more after he turned 100 in 2008 . He completed his last work , Epigrams for piano trio , on August 13 , 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b638ce4010739d7f61d7a9e34bcd7b8f", "text": "Carlene Carter Carlene Carter ( born Rebecca Carlene Smith ; September 26 , 1955 ) is an American country singer and songwriter . She is the daughter of June Carter and her first husband , Carl Smith . Between 1978 and the present , Carter has recorded twelve albums , primarily on major labels . In the same timespan , she has released more than twenty singles , including three No. 3-peaking hits on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56107b19ecc0bac834cb61594ae9f4ea", "text": "Chester Aaron Chester Aaron ( born May 9 , 1923 ) is an American writer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d33671e8540a2999ff3f1bf52b89a880", "text": "Aaron Eckhart Aaron Edward Eckhart ( born March 12 , 1968 ) is an American film and stage actor . Born in Cupertino , California , he moved to the UK at age 13 , when his father relocated the family . Several years later , he began his acting career by performing in school plays , before moving to Sydney , Australia for his high school senior year . He left high school without graduating , but earned a diploma through an adult education course , and graduated from Brigham Young University ( BYU ) in 1994 with a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in film . For much of the mid-1990s , he lived in New York City as a struggling , unemployed actor . As an undergraduate at BYU , Eckhart met director and writer Neil LaBute , who cast him in several of his own original plays . Five years later Eckhart made a debut as an unctuous , sociopathic ladies ' man in LaBute 's black comedy film In the Company of Men ( 1997 ) . Under LaBute 's guidance he worked in the director 's films Your Friends & Neighbors ( 1998 ) , Nurse Betty ( 2000 ) , and Possession ( 2002 ) . Eckhart gained wide recognition as George in Steven Soderbergh 's critically acclaimed film Erin Brockovich ( 2000 ) , and in 2006 received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actor for his portrayal of Nick Naylor in Thank You for Smoking . Another mainstream breakout occurred in 2008 when he starred in the blockbuster Batman film The Dark Knight as District Attorney Harvey Dent . Other key roles include The Pledge ( 2001 ) , The Core ( 2003 ) , Rabbit Hole ( 2010 ) Battle : Los Angeles ( 2011 ) , Olympus Has Fallen ( 2013 ) , I , Frankenstein ( 2014 ) , Olympus '' ' sequel , London Has Fallen and Sully '' ( both 2016 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "48505a4e30aed3797b5ff44c81bdc4ed", "text": "Chris Carter (actor) Chris Carter is a Canadian actor and screenwriter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad00fc0961ec82807432cfa360a8f5eb", "text": "Arden Hayes Arden Hayes ( born January 30 , 2008 ) is an American child prodigy . From Southern California , he became known at age 5 for his knowledge of American and geopolitics . Reciting Lincoln 's Gettysburg Address , and being able to identify the countries of the world and name the capitals of each . His interest in American presidents was sparked by Arden 's learning that he shares a birthday with former United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt . On May 4 , 2013 , Arden was featured in an article and video in the Los Angeles Times . This spurred many additional newspaper articles and blogs and Arden appeared on Jimmy Kimmel Live ! on July 2 , 2013 , to demonstrate his knowledge regarding U.S. presidents . On November 5 , 2013 , Arden again appeared on Jimmy Kimmel Live ! , and displayed his knowledge of the nations of the world and their capitals and rejected a free Sony Xperia Tablet Z because he preferred the Apple iPad and would rather wait until Christmas to receive it . He appeared on Jimmy Kimmel Live ! for the third time on April 2 , 2014 , and showed his interest and knowledge about chemical elements in the periodic table . He appeared on the show again on November 23 , 2015 , when he won a shut-out victory against the cast of Star Wars : The Force Awakens in a Star Wars trivia contest .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84b006dcbe140c1f78c368b4543092d3", "text": "Adam Marcus (director) Adam Marcus ( born 1968 ) is an American film director , writer and actor . Marcus was born in Westport , Connecticut and attended Staples High School . He started his career at the age of fifteen , when he co-created the Westport Theatreworks Theatrical Company where he directed and produced over fifty shows in seven years . He then attended New York University where he won the coveted Best Picture Award at the Student Academy Awards in 1990 for his film , '' ... so you like this girl '' . In 1991 , Marcus was called out to Los Angeles by filmmaker Sean S. Cunningham ( the director of the original Friday the 13th ) to work on producing and directing features . That same year , he co-produced Johnny Zombie ( retitled My Boyfriend 's Back ) for Cunningham and Disney Studios . In 1993 , Marcus wrote the story for and directed the ninth film in the Friday the 13th series , Jason Goes to Hell : The Final Friday for New Line . He was 23 at the time and the youngest director ever hired by the studio . The three million dollar feature went on to gross over eighteen million domestically and became one of New Line Video 's largest releases ever . Marcus and his writing partner Debra Sullivan then turned their attention to screenwriting for Paramount ( the adaptation of James Patterson 's Virgin , later titled Cradle and All ) and Fox ( the original Black Autumn ) . In 1995 , Marcus created the theater company Damn Skippy Theatreworks in L.A. . In the Summer and Fall of 1998 Marcus directed the independently financed feature film comedy , Let It Snow ( aka Snow Days ) . The picture marked the return of Bernadette Peters in a feature film after an eight-year absence from film work . The film screened at the Independent Feature Film Market ( IFFM ) in New York City where it was singled out as the most successful film at the market by Variety , Time Out IndieWire . Let It Snow had its world premiere at the American Film Institute 's Los Angeles International Film Festival ( AFI 's LAIFF ) in competition in the New Visions Category ; the film won awards at the festival for Best New Writer and Best Editing . The film then went on to be an official selection of Sundance 2000 in the American Spectrum section where it was given two extra screenings and sold out all seven of its showings . Then came the New York/Avignon film festival and the Deauville festival in France , where the film received critical acclaim . Let It Snow received positive reviews from Variety , The Hollywood Reporter , Ai n't It Cool News , The New York Times , and The Gore Score as well as a number of other publications worldwide . Marcus then turned to television , where he sold several series to Bright/Kauffman/Crane Productions , Imagine Television , NBC , Fox and The WB . In 2008 , Marcus directed the feature film Conspiracy for Sony Pictures , which he co-wrote with Debra Sullivan . The film was shot in Santa Fe , New Mexico with Val Kilmer , Jennifer Esposito and Gary Cole . Marcus completed the pilot presentation Fitz and Slade and is currently co-writing , directing and serving as executive producer on the web series Connected . In 2013 Marcus co-wrote the reboot of The Texas Chainsaw Massacre series , Texas Chainsaw 3D with partner Sullivan and Stephen Susco , which was the first number-one box office film in North America of the year . He co-wrote with Sullivan the feature film Cabin Fever : Outbreak and is directing and co-writing The Plantation , an adaptation of Val Lewton 's RKO classic I Walked with a Zombie . Adam 's script for Momentum ( aka Gravity ) , co-written by Sullivan , began production in South Africa starting January 2014 . The film was the directorial debut of Stephen Campanelli and stars Morgan Freeman , James Purefoy and Olga Kurylenko . The film premiered at the Fantasia International Film Festival in 2015 . Marcus is the brother of Young Artist Award-nominated actor Kipp Marcus . Marcus attended NYU 's Tisch School of the Arts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d89700b3914178166dbd137ea9d24a9a", "text": "Yannick Carter Yannick Carter ( born February 2 , 1984 ) is a former professional Canadian football linebacker . He was drafted in the third round of the 2007 CFL Draft by the Saskatchewan Roughriders . Carter also played 4 seasons with the Hamilton Tiger-Cats . He played CIS Football at Wilfrid Laurier .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7205b87649d98ecfa13cf41e2286f75d", "text": "Randolph Carter Randolph Carter is a recurring fictional character in H. P. Lovecraft 's fiction and is , presumably , an alter ego of Lovecraft himself . The character first appears in `` The Statement of Randolph Carter '' , a short story Lovecraft wrote in 1919 based on one of his dreams . An American magazine called The Vagrant published the story in May 1920 . Carter shares many of Lovecraft 's personal traits : He is an uncelebrated author , whose writings are seldom noticed . A melancholy figure , Carter is a quiet contemplative dreamer with a sensitive disposition , prone to fainting during times of emotional stress . But he can also be courageous , with enough strength of mind and character to face and foil the horrific creatures of the Dreamlands ( see also Lovecraft 's Dream Cycle ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e1983e2de1b61a1a664b71500ffdec51", "text": "Aaron Ward (ice hockey) Aaron Christian Ward ( born January 17 , 1973 ) is a Canadian sportscaster who works for TSN and a retired professional ice hockey defenceman who played more than 600 games over a span of 13 seasons in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) for the Detroit Red Wings , Carolina Hurricanes , New York Rangers , Boston Bruins and Anaheim Ducks . He is a three-time Stanley Cup champion , having won twice with Detroit in 1997 and 1998 and once with Carolina in 2006 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "918bb22a9f11634f22c868d13d2d7389", "text": "Nick Carter (musician) Nickolas Gene `` Nick '' Carter ( born January 28 , 1980 ) is an American singer , songwriter , actor , dancer , record producer , author and video director . He is best known as a member of the pop group the Backstreet Boys . As of 2015 , Carter has released three solo albums , Now or Never , I 'm Taking Off and All American during breaks between Backstreet Boys schedules , and a collaboration with Jordan Knight titled Nick & Knight . He has made occasional television appearances and starred in his own reality shows , House of Carters and I ( Heart ) Nick Carter . He gained fame in the mid 1990s and early 2000s as a teen idol . He is also the older and only brother of singer Aaron Carter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0cd4f4022e8629f95693e7d86450291", "text": "Carter Jackson Carter Jackson is an actor based in New York City .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1122c76f842fc6f88fe4862d4560e82", "text": "Aaron Hernandez Aaron Josef Hernandez ( November 6 , 1989 April 19 , 2017 ) was an American football tight end in the National Football League ( NFL ) . A productive player during his three seasons with the New England Patriots , his career came to an abrupt end after his arrest for the murder of Odin Lloyd . An All-American at the University of Florida , Hernandez was drafted by the Patriots in the fourth round of the 2010 NFL Draft . Alongside Rob Gronkowski , he formed one of the league 's most dominant tight end duos , becoming the first pair of tight ends to each score at least five touchdowns in consecutive seasons for the same team . He made one Super Bowl appearance in XLVI . During the 2013 offseason , Hernandez was arrested and charged for the murder of Odin Lloyd , a semi-professional player who was dating the sister of Hernandez 's fiancee . He was immediately released by the Patriots following his arrest . Hernandez was found guilty of first-degree murder in 2015 , and sentenced to serve life in prison without the possibility of parole at the Souza-Baranowski Correctional Center . While on trial for Lloyd 's murder , Hernandez was indicted for the 2012 double homicide of Daniel de Abreu and Safiro Furtado ; he was acquitted of the double homicide after a 2017 trial . Five days after the acquittal , Hernandez was found dead in his cell by hanging , which was ruled a suicide . Due to the fact that his death occurred while the murder conviction was under appeal , the conviction was vacated .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d38fe56ead10562ed17c2bdb483f076e", "text": "Detroit International Jazz Festival The Detroit Jazz Festival is a free jazz music festival held each year over Labor Day Weekend at Hart Plaza and Campus Martius Park in Detroit , Michigan , U.S. . The head of the festival is Chris Collins , who also serves as President and Artistic Director of the Detroit Jazz Festival . Until 2000 , it was known as the Montreux-Detroit Jazz Festival . The festival again changed names in 2005 , becoming the Detroit International Jazz Festival after Ford Motor Company removed its sponsorship . In January 2006 , Gretchen Valade , Chairman of Mack Avenue Records founded the Detroit International Jazz Festival Foundation , which took over production and management of the festival . Since 2012 the festival name was changed to The Detroit Jazz Festival . The Detroit Jazz Foundation has other events year round , and is involved in musical education . They have programs called Jazz Infusion and Jazz Week . Jazz Week started in 2007 when the Wayne State University Department of Music embarked on a long-term partnership with the Detroit Jazz Festival , serving as their Educational Advisor . Jazz Week at Wayne , one result of this collaboration , is a one-week workshop that provides forty high school students with an intensive and rewarding jazz education . All participants , selected from surrounding high schools , are awarded full scholarships to attend the program . Every year the Detroit Jazz Festival hosts an Artist in Residence . The 2016 artist is Ron Carter . Notable past performers have included Dave Brubeck , Mulgrew Miller , The Manhattan Transfer , Paquito d'Rivera , Dave Holland , Regina Carter , Take 6 , and Tower of Power , Wynton Marsalis , Chick Corea , Wayne Shorter , Sonny Rollins , Gary Burton , Pat Metheny and Joe Lovano . 2016 performers include Ron Carter , George Benson , John Scofield , Brad Mehldau , Mark Guiliana , Jason Moran , Omar Sosa , Luciana Souza , and Alfredo Rodriguez .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "062aff4561967f3f5d9eb08f747b1772", "text": "Quinton Aaron Quinton Aaron ( born August 15 , 1984 ) is an American actor . He made his film debut in Michel Gondry 's Be Kind Rewind . His first lead role was as Michael Oher in the 2009 film The Blind Side . In 2010 , Aaron guest-starred in an episode of Law & Order : Special Victims Unit . In 2015 , Aaron shot the film Busy Day in Albuquerque , New Mexico .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "29d07fb8d2af397f78035c7bde1988db", "text": "New York New York is a state in the northeastern United States , and is the 27th-most extensive , fourth-most populous , and seventh-most densely populated U.S. state . New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south and Connecticut , Massachusetts , and Vermont to the east . The state has a maritime border in the Atlantic Ocean with Rhode Island , east of Long Island , as well as an international border with the Canadian provinces of Quebec to the north and Ontario to the northwest . The state of New York , with an estimated 19.8 million residents in 2015 , is also referred to as New York State to distinguish it from New York City , the state 's most populous city and its economic hub . With an estimated population of 8.55 million in 2015 , New York City is the most populous city in the United States and the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States . The New York Metropolitan Area is one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world . New York City is a global city , exerting a significant impact upon commerce , finance , media , art , fashion , research , technology , education , and entertainment , its fast pace defining the term New York minute . The home of the United Nations Headquarters , New York City is an important center for international diplomacy and has been described as the cultural , financial , and media capital of the world , as well as the world 's most economically powerful city . New York City makes up over 40 % of the population of New York State . Two-thirds of the state 's population lives in the New York City Metropolitan Area , and nearly 40 % lives on Long Island . Both the state and New York City were named for the 17th-century Duke of York , future King James II of England . The next four most populous cities in the state are Buffalo , Rochester , Yonkers , and Syracuse , while the state capital is Albany . New York has a diverse geography . The southern part of the state consists of Long Island and several smaller associated islands , as well as New York City and the lower Hudson River Valley , most of which lie within the wider Atlantic Coastal Plain . The large region known as Upstate New York consists of several ranges of the wider Appalachian Mountains , including the Allegheny Plateau and Catskills along New York 's Southern Tier , and the Adirondack Mountains , Thousand Islands archipelago , and Saint Lawrence Seaway in the Northeastern lobe of the state . These more mountainous regions are bisected by two major river valleys -- the north-south Hudson River Valley and the east-west Mohawk River Valley , which forms the core of the Erie Canal . Western New York is considered part of the Great Lakes Region and straddles Lake Ontario and Lake Erie . Between the two lakes lies Niagara Falls . The central part of the state is dominated by the Finger Lakes , a popular vacation and tourist destination . New York had been inhabited by tribes of Algonquian and Iroquoian-speaking Native Americans for several hundred years by the time the earliest Europeans came to New York . The first Europeans to arrive were French colonists and Jesuit missionaries who arrived southward from settlements at Montreal for trade and proselytizing . In 1609 , the region was claimed by Henry Hudson for the Dutch , who built Fort Nassau in 1614 at the confluence of the Hudson and Mohawk rivers , where the present-day capital of Albany later developed . The Dutch soon also settled New Amsterdam and parts of the Hudson Valley , establishing the colony of New Netherland , a multicultural community from its earliest days and a center of trade and immigration . The British annexed the colony from the Dutch in 1664 . The borders of the British colony , the Province of New York , were similar to those of the present-day state . Many landmarks in New York are well known to both international and domestic visitors , with New York State hosting four of the world 's ten most-visited tourist attractions in 2013 : Times Square , Central Park , Niagara Falls ( shared with Ontario ) , and Grand Central Terminal . New York is home to the Statue of Liberty , a symbol of the United States and its ideals of freedom , democracy , and opportunity . In the 21st century , New York has emerged as a global node of creativity and entrepreneurship , social tolerance , and environmental sustainability . New York 's higher education network comprises approximately 200 colleges and universities , including Columbia University , Cornell University , New York University , and Rockefeller University , which have been ranked among the top 35 in the world .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "d34ae2fd712501bb3e474a91c176e29d", "text": "Robarts Centre for Canadian Studies The Robarts Centre for Canadian Studies is a research centre at York University in Toronto , Canada that supports interdisciplinary and discipline-specific research pertinent to Canadianists and Canada 's place in the world . Faculty affiliated with the Robarts Centre are concerned with Canadian society , its history , culture , thought , goals , values , and institutions . The Centre provides supervised research and writing opportunities for graduate students from a wide range of York graduate programs , and offers a series of public seminars , workshops , and conferences on major issues related to Canadian perspectives on Communications , Culture , the Fine Arts , History , Political Economy , Public Policy , and International Relations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "867deb9fa694662bf52a5a57e77fb206", "text": "Union College Union College is a private , non-denominational liberal arts college located in Schenectady , New York , United States . Founded in 1795 , it was the first institution of higher learning chartered by the New York State Board of Regents . In the 19th century , it became the `` Mother of Fraternities '' , as three of the earliest such organizations were established there . After 175 years as a traditional all-male institution , Union College began enrolling women in 1970 . The college offers a liberal arts curriculum across some 21 academic departments , as well as opportunities for interdepartmental majors and self-designed organizing theme majors . In common with most liberal arts colleges , Union offers a wide array of courses in arts , sciences , literature , and foreign languages , but , in common with only a few other liberal arts colleges , Union also offers ABET-accredited undergraduate degrees in computer engineering , bioengineering , electrical engineering , and mechanical engineering . Approximately 25 % of students major in the social sciences ; 10 % in psychology ; 11 % in engineering ; 10 % in biology ; 9 % in history ; and 10 % in the humanities ; while some 5 % design their own majors . By the time they graduate , about 60 % of Union students will have engaged in some form of international study or study abroad .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ad38d3d874dcf8383dded2831460784", "text": "Syracuse University Syracuse University ( commonly referred to as Syracuse , ` Cuse , or SU ) is a private research university in Syracuse , New York , United States . The institution 's roots can be traced to the Genesee Wesleyan Seminary ( later becoming Genesee College ) , founded in 1831 by the Methodist Episcopal Church in Lima , New York . After several years of debate over relocating the college to Syracuse , the university was established in 1870 , independent of the college . Since 1920 , the university has identified itself as nonsectarian , although it maintains a relationship with The United Methodist Church . The campus is in the University Hill neighborhood of Syracuse , east and southeast of downtown , on one of the larger hills . Its large campus features an eclectic mix of buildings , ranging from nineteenth-century Romanesque Revival structures to contemporary buildings . SU is organized into 13 schools and colleges , with nationally recognized programs in information studies and library science , architecture , communications , business administration , inclusive education and wellness , sport management , public administration , engineering and the College of Arts and Sciences . Syracuse University athletic teams , known as the Orange , participate in 20 intercollegiate sports . SU is a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference for all NCAA Division I athletics , except for the men 's rowing and women 's ice hockey teams . SU is also a member of the Eastern College Athletic Conference .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "14b3dc86e918fb818d41b412e0339f4e", "text": "List of state universities in the United States In the United States , a state college or state university is one of the public colleges or universities funded by or associated with the state government . In some cases , these institutions of higher learning are part of a state university system , while in other cases they are not . Several U.S. territories also administer public colleges and universities . The U.S. federal government does not run colleges or universities except for the service academies , the Community College of the Air Force , the Naval Postgraduate School , the Air Force Institute of Technology , the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , military war colleges and staff colleges , and Haskell Indian Nations University . Additionally , Georgetown University , Gallaudet University , Howard University , and American University are private universities that are federally chartered . However , the federal government does make grants to state universities . These state , as well as private , universities are accredited by different regional , not national , accreditation agencies , including the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools , the New England Association of Schools and Colleges , the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities , the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools , the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools , and the Western Association of Schools and Colleges , depending on which region of the United States the university is located in . These accreditation agencies ' approvals are critical to a university 's operations and public reputation . If a university loses accreditation or is not accredited in the first place , students will be reluctant to either continue or enroll at the school because the degree will be seen as being worthless . In a worst-case scenario , a university can shut down completely . The aforementioned agencies are all recognized by the United States Department of Education . Most state universities receive at least part of their funding from the state , although many have substantial income from tuition and fees , endowment proceeds , donations ( such as from alumni or philanthropists ) , and revenue from royalties . State universities usually offer lower tuition costs to in-state residents . According to the College Board , public four-year colleges charge on average $ 7,605 per year in tuition and fees for full-time in-state students and $ 11,990 for out-of-state students . In some states , e.g. Maryland , Tennessee , Indiana , and Washington , there is a campus designated as the `` flagship '' campus in the state 's university system , which generally is the most prestigious campus and the largest campus in student population , e.g. the University of Maryland College Park campus in the University System of Maryland , the Indiana University Bloomington campus in the Indiana University System , the University of Tennessee Knoxville campus in the University of Tennessee System , and the University of Washington 's Seattle campus in the University of Washington System . However , in some other states , the state universities are treated as equal partners ; therefore there is no officially recognized flagship campus in the state 's university system . There are a number of states that have more than one university system , e.g. California with 2 ; Colorado with 2 ; New York with 2 ; and Texas with 6 ( the most ) . Notes : As a general rule , schools are not alphabetized by their complete names , but rather by the names by which they are normally called . For example , in a list alphabetized by normal rules , `` Auburn University '' would precede `` University of Alabama , '' but the schools are virtually always referred to in popular conversation as `` Auburn '' and `` Alabama '' ( followed by a campus identifier if required by the context ) . Therefore , in this article , `` Alabama '' precedes `` Auburn '' . The list includes some of the more common academic nicknames or acronyms used for certain colleges or universities , e.g. `` Ole Miss '' for the University of Mississippi , `` Idaho State '' for Idaho State University , or `` UNF '' for the University of North Florida , not the `` Rebels '' , `` Bengals '' , or `` Ospreys '' , respectively . To minimize any confusion regarding acronyms , either the first school listed or the school that is more nationally known having an acronym the same as another has the acronym provided , e.g. San Diego State University has the acronym `` SDSU '' included because it is listed before South Dakota State University , and Arizona State University has the acronym `` ASU '' given because it is better known nationally than Alabama State . In addition , only acronyms that are unique are given , e.g. `` UW Tacoma '' for the University of Washington 's Tacoma campus or `` UNH '' for the University of New Hampshire . The list also includes schools that grant first-professional doctorates only ( e.g. , medical schools , law schools , or veterinary schools ) that are independent of any other school in a state system . To see a list of community colleges and technical centers in the United States that offer only associate 's degrees , visit the community colleges list . To see a list of tribal colleges and universities in the United States , visit the tribal colleges and universities list .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4500c1f0287bf28bc560859bc52fdfa2", "text": "University A university ( universitas , `` a whole '' , `` a corporation '' ) is an institution of higher ( or tertiary ) education and research which grants academic degrees in various academic disciplines . Universities typically provide undergraduate education and postgraduate education . The word `` university '' is derived from the Latin universitas magistrorum et scholarium , which roughly means `` community of teachers and scholars . '' Universities were created in Italy and evolved from Cathedral schools for the clergy during the High Middle Ages .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d5c1864cfd5d922092f72aeee2021eed", "text": "Rockefeller College of Public Affairs & Policy The Nelson A. Rockefeller College of Public Affairs & Policy is a public policy school composed of the Departments of Public Administration & Policy and Political Science at the University at Albany , SUNY , United States . The department provides educational preparation for academic and public service careers , to undertake research on significant public problems and issues , and to assist in the continuing professional development of government executives . Rockefeller College has an enhanced interdisciplinary approach to its public policy mission . The College offers appropriate assistance to the governments of New York State and the United States , and to foreign governments and international organizations in meeting the responsibilities of contemporary citizenship and governance through special courses and conferences ; research and consultation ; and publications for the dissemination of information . The Rockefeller College of Public Affairs and Policy is located on the downtown campus of the University at Albany , SUNY , at 135 Western Avenue , Albany , New York . In 2008 , it was ranked 14th overall out of 253 schools of Public Affairs by U.S. News & World Report magazine . Rankings : Information Technology and Management - # 2 ( US News 2009 ) Public Affairs - # 14 ( US News 2009 ) Public Administration and Management - # 8 ( US News 2009 ) Public Finance and Budgeting - # 7 ( US News 2009 ) Public Policy Analysis - # 22 ( US News 2009 ) Non-Profit Management - # 18 ( US News 2009 )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c3ec56acc8bbed57d6567307800dce07", "text": "John Jay College of Criminal Justice The John Jay College of Criminal Justice ( John Jay ) is a senior college of the City University of New York in Midtown Manhattan , New York City . John Jay was founded as the only liberal arts college with a criminal justice and forensic focus in the United States . The college is known for its criminal justice , forensic science , forensic psychology , and public affairs programs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c094881982c00083280a9eded4a2266", "text": "NYU Paris NYU Paris is an academic centre of New York University located in Paris , France . It is one of NYU 's 14 global academic centers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "088cb32deadfe1f8dc6f2a86e30d9a2a", "text": "Payne Whitney Psychiatric Clinic At his death in 1927 , Payne Whitney bestowed the funds to build and endow the Payne Whitney Psychiatric Clinic ( PWC ) on the Upper East Side of Manhattan . An eight story free-standing hospital , it was immediately affiliated with Cornell University 's medical school ( now Weill Cornell Medical College or Weill Cornell Medicine ) and with the New York Hospital ( now New York -- Presbyterian Hospital ) , both of which are adjacent to PWC . Payne Whitney was a large donor to the Hospital and Medical College , and it has been an issue of long speculation why he chose a psychiatric building to be his primary naming opportunity at New York-Cornell . The poet Robert Lowell wrote of his hospitalization at Payne Whitney , Marilyn Monroe was hospitalized there in early 1961 , and Mary McCarthy based her book , The Group , on her inpatient experience . The poet James Schuyler wrote about his experiences there in the eleven-poem series `` The Payne Whitney Poems '' which appeared in the New York Review of Books , August 17 , 1978 issue . In Woody Allen 's 1979 film , Manhattan , a character named Caroline Payne Whitney Smith is featured in a comedy sketch , where she and her husband are considered `` normal folks , '' except for the fact that she is a catatonic . The Payne Whitney building itself was torn down in the early 1990s to make way for an expansion of the New York-Presbyterian Hospital over the FDR Drive . Since that time , all clinical and research services at the two primary Cornell psychiatric campuses -- in Manhattan and in White Plains , New York -- have been named after Payne Whitney . The clinic also has an outpatient and Continuing Day Treatment Program in an off-campus building at East 61st Street and York Avenue on the Upper East Side of Manhattan . Payne Whitney Clinic and Weill Cornell Medical College have been home to some of the most notable psychiatrists in the country . Currently-affiliated psychiatrists and psychologists include Jack Barchas , Robert Michels , Otto F. Kernberg , James Kocsis , George Makari , Michael Posner , William Breitbart , and Theodore Shapiro . Previously-affiliated psychiatrists include Arnold Cooper , Frederic Flach , Benjamin Spock , Gerald Klerman , Robert Millman , Louis Jolyon West , David Silbersweig , Harry Tiebout , Mary Jane Sherfey , Helen Singer Kaplan , Allen Frances , and Paul McHugh . Payne Whitney has also been the `` voluntary faculty '' home to Roy Schafer , Richard Isay , Gail Saltz , and Daniel Stern , and the recent home of such senior scholars as David A. Hamburg and Beatrix Hamburg .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "400608b302763faf059c7ce7256b91f0", "text": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York is a Latin Catholic archdiocese in New York State . It encompasses the boroughs of Manhattan , the Bronx and Staten Island in New York City and the Counties of Dutchess , Orange , Putnam , Rockland , Sullivan , Ulster , and Westchester in New York . The Archdiocese of New York is the second-largest diocese in the United States , encompassing 296 parishes that serve around 2.8 million Catholics in addition to hundreds of Catholic schools , hospitals and charities . The Archdiocese also operates the well-known St. Joseph 's Seminary , commonly referred to as Dunwoodie . The Archdiocese of New York is the metropolitan see of the ecclesiastical province of New York which includes the suffragan dioceses of Albany , Brooklyn , Buffalo , Ogdensburg , Rochester , Rockville Centre and Syracuse . The Latin name of the archdiocese is Archidioecesis Neo-Eboracensis ( Eboracum being the Roman name of York , England ) , and the corporate name is Archdiocese of New York . It publishes a bi-weekly newspaper , Catholic New York , the largest of its kind in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c41f8429b1a672181c3367e5e1cc265e", "text": "Higher education in the United States Higher education in the United States is an optional final stage of formal learning following secondary education . Higher education , also referred to as post-secondary education , third stage , third level , or tertiary education occurs most commonly at one of the 4,726 Title IV degree-granting institutions , either colleges or universities in the country . These may be public universities , private universities , liberal arts colleges , community colleges , or for-profit colleges . High visibility issues include greater use of the Internet , such as massive open online courses , competency-based education , cutbacks in state spending , rapidly rising tuition and increasing student loans . According to the National Student Clearinghouse , US college enrollment has declined for five consecutive years and is projected to continue declining for the next two decades . Strong research and funding have helped make American colleges and universities among the world 's most prestigious , making them particularly attractive to international students , professors and researchers in the pursuit of academic excellence . Unlike the tertiary education system of the UK and Australia , American education is unique in the world to place strong emphasis on Liberal Arts education in its higher education curriculum .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "89f4179c81401cc0af2f0dfb1c8a6000", "text": "New York Rugby Club The New York Rugby Club is a rugby union club in New York . It is the oldest rugby club in the United States , and fields Division I Men 's and Women 's teams , U-19 Boy 's and U-19 Girls teams , two old boy teams , one of which belongs to the non-competitive `` Golden Oldies '' . The NYRC was founded to continue a rugby tradition that dates back to the formation of the NYRFC in 1929 . The original club was formed in 1929 as the New York Nomads . They subsequently began competing as the New York Rugby Football Club ( New York RFC ) . The New York RFC played a principal role in the development of the Eastern Rugby Union . It was the only team in the United States to be accepted for membership in the Rugby Union for the 1932-33 international directory and in 1933 , hosted the Cambridge University Vandals , the first European club to tour the United States . The New York RFC continued to compete successfully until the beginning of World War II . It disbanded during the War and resumed activities afterward . In 1957 , the New York RFC created the New York Rugby Football Club , Inc. ( `` NYRFC '' ) under the Membership Corporations Law of New York State . In 1959 , the NYRFC organized its first seven-a-side rugby tournament . Since then `` New York Sevens '' has been conducted annually on the first Saturday following the Thanksgiving Holiday and grown into the largest international sevens tournament in the United States . During the 1960s and 1970s the NYRFC was a dominant force in the Eastern United States.In 1977 , The NYRFC made a Winter-tour contest of matches in the Caribbean and Florida . NYRFC played the Freeport , Bahamas team and the team from Nassau , Bahamas . The Winter tour ended with the NYRFC playing very good Miami RFC team . In 1982 , the NYRFC merged with Eastside RFC ( formerly Hunter College RFC ) . The NYRFC was the first United States team to be invited to compete in Scandinavia , touring Denmark in 1986 . The team competed in Mexico in 1986 , Japan , Thailand , Italy and Philippines in 1989 , Bahamas in 1991 , Argentina and Brazil in 1992 , England , Ireland and Wales in 1994 and Spain in 1997 . In 1997 , the NYRFC voted to field a women 's team and offered playing membership to former players of the Gotham Women 's Rugby Club . The New York Rugby Club competes as part of the Empire Geographic Union , and USA Rugby . The NYRC Women won the USA Rugby Women 's Div I National Championship in 2006 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8807bfa2aab2f338a3f3844b20bf6f1c", "text": "New York Guard The New York Guard '' ' is the state defense force of New York State , also called The New York State Military Reserve . , the New York Guard , a recognized command under the New York State 's Military law , has line-item funding in the state budget . Now with a unified command structure , formerly the organization contained an Army Division and an Air Division . The missions of the New York Guard include augmentation , assistance , and support of the New York Army National Guard and New York Air National Guard respectively and aide to civil authorities in New York State . New York also has a New York Naval Militia which , with the State Guard and the Army and Air National Guards , is under the command of the Governor of New York , the Adjutant General of New York , and the Division of Military and Naval Affairs ( DMNA ) . The New York Guard is one of the largest and best organized State Guards in the United States . It is historically derived from Revolutionary and Civil War era state military units that were reorganized several times in American history in response to various international and domestic crises . Organized under the Military Law , State of New York , the New York Guard can not be federalized and can not be deployed outside New York State without the consent of the governor . Members of the New York Guard are entitled to many of the benefits accorded members of other components of the ` Organized Militia of the State of New York , ' the legal collective term describing the New York Army and Air National Guards , New York Naval Militia and New York Guard . These include ` military leave ' for employees of state or local governments and many private employers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca7db92d5e2f162de77b5daf88f9f7c0", "text": "List of State University of New York units There are a large variety of campus types and programs in the SUNY system ; each site overlaps somewhat in specialties . SUNY divides its campuses into four categories : university centers / doctoral-granting institutions , comprehensive colleges , technology colleges , and community colleges . SUNY also has a unique relationship with its statutory colleges , which embed state-owned , state-funded colleges within other institutions such as Cornell University and Alfred University . Students at the statutory colleges pay tuition at a state-subsidized rate and are considered students of the private institutions in which the state-funded colleges are embedded . SUNY and the City University of New York are different university systems , even though both are public institutions that receive funding from New York State . SUNY should not be confused with the University of the State of New York ( USNY ) , which is the governmental umbrella organization for most education-related institutions and many education-related personnel ( both public and private ) in New York State , and which includes , as a component , the New York State Education Department . The State University of New York at Potsdam , founded in 1816 , is the oldest institution in the system . Empire State College , founded in 1971 , is the most recent addition to the SUNY system . The largest institution is the University at Buffalo , with over 28,000 students and the smallest member is the College of Optometry , with 301 students . All of the SUNY schools are accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools , in addition to other program-specific accreditations held by individual campuses such as the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business and the Association of Collegiate Business Schools and Programs . The system 's central administration is in Albany , New York , in the Old Delaware and Hudson Railroad Company Building .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5c76cfc081150e88273f21c320978af", "text": "State University of New York at Oneonta The State University of New York College at Oneonta ( more commonly known as SUNY Oneonta , and also called Oneonta State , SUCO , and O-State ) is a four-year liberal arts college in Oneonta , New York , United States , with approximately 6,100 students . The college offers a wide variety of bachelor 's degree programs and a number of graduate degrees . Many academic programs at SUNY Oneonta hold national accreditations , including programs in Business Economics , Education , Music Industry , Human Ecology and Theatre . SUNY Oneonta is ranked No. 12 on the 2017 U.S. News and World Report list of '' '' Best Public Colleges in the North '' and was named to the Kiplinger 's Personal Finance magazine list of `` 100 Best Values in Public Colleges '' for 10 years running ; In 2011 , the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching conferred upon SUNY Oneonta its Community Engagement Classification `` in recognition of the college 's civic partnerships and successful efforts to integrate service activities into its curriculum . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea743ac577b8af92402925881331a5fb", "text": "Havemeyer Hall Havemeyer Hall is an historic academic building located in Columbia University in New York City .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6cb769f0ba359a7492b067fb5cdfc8d8", "text": "History of Cornell University The history of Cornell University begins when its two founders , Andrew Dickson White of Syracuse and Ezra Cornell of Ithaca , met in the New York State Senate in January 1864 . Together , they established Cornell University in Ithaca , New York , in 1865 . The university was initially funded by Ezra Cornell 's $ 400,000 endowment and by New York 's 989920 acre allotment of the Morrill Land Grant Act of 1862 . However , even before Ezra Cornell and Andrew White met in the New York Senate , each had separate plans and dreams that would draw them toward their collaboration in founding Cornell . White believed in the need for a great university for the nation that would take a radical new approach to education ; and Cornell , who had great respect for education and philanthropy , desired to use his money `` to do the greatest good . '' Abraham Lincoln 's signing of Vermont Senator Justin Morrill 's Land Grant Act into law was also critical to the formation of many universities , including Cornell , in the post-Civil War era .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba7fb3dd3f0c380ec11eb20c9541740e", "text": "State University of New York at Oswego State University of New York at Oswego , also known as SUNY Oswego and Oswego State , is a public college in the City of Oswego and Town of Oswego , New York , on the shore of Lake Ontario . It has two campuses : historic lakeside campus in Oswego and Metro Center in Syracuse , New York . SUNY Oswego was founded in 1861 as the Oswego Primary Teachers Training School by Edward Austin Sheldon , who introduced a revolutionary teaching methodology Oswego Movement in American education . In 1942 the New York Legislature elevated it from a normal school to a degree-granting teachers ' college , Oswego State Teachers College , which was a founding and charter member of the State University of New York system in 1948 . In 1962 the college broadened its scope to become a liberal arts college . SUNY Oswego currently has over 73,000 living alumni . Oswego State offers more than 100 academic programs leading to bachelor 's degrees , master 's degrees , and certificates of advanced study . It consists of four colleges and schools : College of Liberal Arts and Sciences , School of Business , School of Education , and School of Communications , Media and the Arts . In 2011 , SUNY Oswego marked its 150th anniversary with a sesquicentennial celebration campaign to honor its rich tradition and heritage . SUNY Oswego is the only SUNY campus to offer a degree in Software Engineering .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a39dd139c0b05d6754fbcce937e83fc1", "text": "List of Cornell University alumni This list of Cornell University alumni includes notable graduates , non-graduate former students , and current students of Cornell University , an Ivy League university located in Ithaca , New York . Cornell counted 245,027 living alumni as of August 2008 . Its alumni constitute 25 recipients of National Medal of Science and National Medal of Technology and Innovation combined , 32 MacArthur Fellows , 34 Marshall Scholars and 31 Rhodes Scholars , and Cornell is the only university with three female winners of unshared Nobel Prizes among its graduates ( Pearl S. Buck , Barbara McClintock , and Toni Morrison ) . Many alumni maintain university ties through Homecoming 's reunion weekend , through Cornell Magazine , and through the Cornell Club of New York . In 2005 , Cornell ranked # 3 nationwide for gifts and bequests from alumni . Alumni are known as Cornellians . Cornellians are noted for their accomplishments in public , professional , and corporate life . Lee Teng-hui was president of Taiwan , Tsai Ing-wen was elected as the first female president of Taiwan , Mario García Menocal was president of Cuba , Jamshid Amuzegar ( ' 50 ) was prime minister of Iran , Hu Shih ( ' 14 ) was a Chinese reformer and representative to the United Nations , Janet Reno ( ' 60 ) was the first female United States Attorney General , and Ruth Bader Ginsburg ( ' 54 ) serves on the Supreme Court . Additionally , alumnus Matt Urban ( ' 41 ) holds the distinction as the most decorated serviceman in United States history . Cornellians in business include : Citigroup CEO Sanford Weill ( ' 55 ) , Goldman Sachs Group Chairman Stephen Friedman ( ' 59 ) , Kraft Foods CEO Irene Rosenfeld ( ' 75 , ' 77 , ' 80 ) , Aetna CEO Mark Bertolini ( ' 84 ) , S.C. Johnson & Son CEO Fisk Johnson ( ' 79 , ' 80 , ' 82 , ' 84 , ' 86 ) , Cargill Chairman Warren Staley ( ' 67 ) , Chevron Chairman Kenneth T. Derr ( ' 59 ) , Sprint Nextel CEO Dan Hesse ( ' 77 ) , Verizon CEO Lowell McAdam ( ' 76 ) , MasterCard CEO Robert Selander ( ' 72 ) , Coors Brewing Company CEO Adolph Coors II ( ' 37 ) , Burger King founder James McLamore ( ' 47 ) , Loews Corporation Chairman Andrew Tisch ( ' 71 ) , New York Private Bank & Trust Chairman Howard Milstein ( ' 73 ) , Baupost Group founder Seth Klarman ( ' 79 ) , Hotels.com founder David Litman ( ' 79 ) , Palm founder Jeff Hawkins ( ' 79 ) , PeopleSoft founder David Duffield ( ' 62 ) , Priceline.com founder Jay Walker ( ' 77 ) , Staples founder Myra Hart ( ' 62 ) , Qualcomm founder Irwin M. Jacobs ( ' 56 ) , Atlantic Philanthropies founder Chuck Feeney ( ' 56 ) , Lubna Olayan CEO Olayan Financing Company , the holding entity for Olayan Group ( ' 77 ) , and Tata Group CEO Ratan Tata ( ' 62 ) . In medicine , alumnus Robert Atkins ( ' 55 ) developed the Atkins Diet , Henry Heimlich ( ' 47 ) developed the Heimlich maneuver , Wilson Greatbatch ( ' 50 ) invented the pacemaker , James Maas ( ' 66 ; also a faculty member ) coined the term `` power nap '' , and C. Everett Koop ( ' 41 ) served as Surgeon General of the United States . A number of Cornellians have been prominent innovators . Thomas Midgley , Jr. ( ' 11 ) invented Freon , Jon Rubinstein ( ' 78 ) is credited with the development of the iPod , and Robert Tappan Morris developed the first computer worm on the Internet . Eight Cornellians have served as NASA astronauts , Steve Squyres ( ' 81 ) is the principal investigator on the Mars Exploration Rover Mission , and Bill Nye ( ' 77 ) is well known as `` The Science Guy '' . In literature , Toni Morrison ( ' 55 ; Nobel laureate ) is well known for her novel Beloved , Pearl S. Buck ( ' 25 ; Nobel laureate ) authored The Good Earth , and E. B. White ( ' 21 ) authored Charlotte 's Web and Stuart Little . Thomas Pynchon ( ' 59 ) won the National Book Award for Gravity 's Rainbow . Kurt Vonnegut , author of Slaughterhouse-Five and Cat 's Cradle , attended Cornell from 1940 -- 1944 and was Assistant Managing Editor of the Cornell Daily Sun . Media personalities who have graduated from Cornell include conservative Ann Coulter ( ' 84 ) and liberals Bill Maher ( ' 78 ) and Keith Olbermann ( ' 79 ) . Several Cornellians have also achieved critical acclaim in entertainment . Christopher Reeve ( ' 74 ) played Superman , Frank Morgan was The Wizard of Oz , Jimmy Smits ( ' 82 ) was in Star Wars : Attack of the Clones , and Ronald D. Moore created the 2004 remake of Battlestar Galactica . On the architectural front , alumnus Richmond Shreve ( 1902 ) designed the Empire State Building , and Raymond M. Kennedy ( ' 15 ) designed Hollywood 's famous Grauman 's Chinese Theatre . In education and academics , more than 150 Cornellians have served as heads of universities in the United States and around the world , including the founding president of Stanford University David Starr Jordan ( 1872 ) , the president of Johns Hopkins University Steven Muller , the president of the University of Chicago Lawrence A. Kimpton and George Wells Beadle , the president of Carleton University and the University of Toronto Claude Bissell and Hermengildo B. Reyes ( EE ' 18 ) , co-founding President 1946 Far Eastern University in 1928 and co-founding President in 1951 University of the East . M. Carey Thomas ( 1877 ) founded Bryn Mawr College . More than 215 Cornellians have been elected members of the National Academy of Sciences and another 172 have been elected to the National Academy of Engineering , respectively . In athletics , Cornell graduates include football legend Glenn `` Pop '' Warner ( 1894 ) , head coach of the United States men 's national soccer team Bruce Arena ( ' 73 ) , National Hockey League commissioner Gary Bettman ( ' 74 ) , Major League Baseball Commissioner Rob Manfred , six-time Stanley Cup-winning hockey goalie Ken Dryden ( ' 69 ) , William Larned who was one of the `` Big Three of the U.S. men 's ( tennis ) championship '' and won the title seven times , and Toronto Raptors president Bryan Colangelo ( ' 87 ) . Alumni who played in the National Football League include Super Bowl champion Kevin Boothe , and Ed Marinaro ( ' 71 ) , who was also known for his television work on Hill Street Blues . Cornellians have also won numerous Olympic medals ( 28 Gold , 19 Silver and 8 Bronze , as of 2017 ) . Fictional alumni have been portrayed in several films , television shows , and books . Characters include Andy Bernard of The Office , Natalie Keener of Up in the Air , and Christina Pagniacci ( portrayed by Cameron Diaz ) in Any Given Sunday .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "00e7005ed04702d7f9cacae739e404ad", "text": "The Schools of Public Engagement (The New School) The Schools of Public Engagement at The New School is one of five academic divisions that compose The New School , a private university located in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of New York City . It includes , the Bachelor 's Program for Adults and Transfer Students , Milano School of International Affairs , Management , and Urban Policy founded in 1964 , School of Media Studies , Creative Writing Program and School of Languages", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "931aa855903811076ee86101604a98cc", "text": "Spy (2015 film) Spy is a 2015 American action comedy film written and directed by Paul Feig . Starring Melissa McCarthy , Jason Statham , Rose Byrne , Miranda Hart , Bobby Cannavale , Allison Janney , and Jude Law , the film follows the transformation of desk-bound CIA analyst Susan Cooper ( McCarthy ) into a field agent who attempts to foil the black market sale of a suitcase nuke . Produced by Peter Chernin , Jenno Topping , Feig and Jessie Henderson , the film was theatrically released on June 5 , 2015 . It received praise from critics and was a box office success . It was nominated for two Golden Globe Awards : Best Motion Picture -- Musical or Comedy and Best Actress in a Motion Picture -- Musical or Comedy for McCarthy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "628e0e5ec78be923558e4945ef0e353d", "text": "Bridesmaids (2011 film) Bridesmaids is a 2011 American comedy film directed by Paul Feig , written by Annie Mumolo and Kristen Wiig , and produced by Judd Apatow , Barry Mendel and Clayton Townsend . The plot centers on Annie ( Wiig ) , who suffers a series of misfortunes after being asked to serve as maid of honor for her best friend , Lillian , played by Maya Rudolph . Rose Byrne , Melissa McCarthy , Ellie Kemper , and Wendi McLendon-Covey co-star as Lillian 's bridesmaids , with Chris O'Dowd , Rebel Wilson , Matt Lucas , Michael Hitchcock , and Jill Clayburgh , in her final film appearance , in supporting roles . Actresses Annie Mumolo and Kristen Wiig wrote the screenplay following Wiig 's casting in Apatow 's 2007 comedy film Knocked Up . Budgeted at $ 32.5 million , filming took place in Los Angeles , California . Upon its opening release in the United States and Canada on May 13 , 2011 , Bridesmaids was both critically and commercially successful . The film grossed $ 26 million in its opening weekend , eventually grossing over $ 288 million worldwide , and surpassed Knocked Up to become the top-grossing Apatow production to date , and served as a touchstone for discussion about women in comedy . The film was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture -- Musical or Comedy . It received multiple other accolades . On January 24 , 2012 , the film was nominated for both the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for Melissa McCarthy and Best Original Screenplay for Wiig and Mumolo . This made it the first Apatow-produced film to be nominated for an Academy Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "14dab90b099986267cf0776bb37e3ccd", "text": "The Boss (2016 film) The Boss is a 2016 American comedy film directed by Ben Falcone and written by Falcone , Melissa McCarthy and Steve Mallory . The film stars McCarthy , Kristen Bell , Ella Anderson , Tyler Labine , Kathy Bates , Annie Mumolo , Timothy Simons and Peter Dinklage . The film was released on April 8 , 2016 , by Universal Pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07f635382da79c30b2604e657cfcd57b", "text": "The Back-up Plan The Back-up Plan ( previously known as Plan B ) is a 2010 romantic comedy film , starring Jennifer Lopez and Alex O'Loughlin . It was released theatrically in the U.S. on April 23 , 2010 , and later in other regions . This was Tom Bosley 's final film before his death in October 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8d2d17a84ff56f0bdfe80a3fd96b8c9", "text": "Melissa McCarthy Melissa Ann McCarthy ( born August 26 , 1970 ) is an American actress , comedian , writer , fashion designer and producer . She began appearing in television and films in the late 1990s , and first gained nationwide recognition for her role as Sookie St. James on the television series Gilmore Girls ( 2000 -- 2007 ) . From 2007 to 2009 , she appeared as Dena on the ABC sitcom Samantha Who ? . McCarthy was then cast as Molly Flynn on the CBS sitcom Mike & Molly ( 2010 -- 2016 ) , earning a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series as well as two other nominations during subsequent seasons . She has also been nominated four times ( in 2012 , 2013 , 2014 and 2016 ) for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series for her five appearances as host on Saturday Night Live . McCarthy achieved recognition as Megan Price in the comedy film Bridesmaids ( 2011 ) , which garnered her award nominations including an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress , a BAFTA nomination and a Screen Actors Guild Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress . In 2013 , she co-starred in the comedy films Identity Thief and The Heat . She appeared in supporting roles in The Nines ( 2007 ) , The Back-up Plan ( 2010 ) , Life as We Know It ( 2010 ) , This Is 40 ( 2012 ) and The Hangover Part III ( 2013 ) . In 2014 , McCarthy starred in the comedy Tammy and the comedy-drama film St. Vincent . In 2015 , she headlined the action comedy film Spy , for which she received a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress -- Motion Picture Comedy or Musical nomination . In 2016 , she starred in the comedy films The Boss and Ghostbusters . In 2017 she played White House Press Secretary Sean Spicer in several episodes of Saturday Night Live . McCarthy and her husband Ben Falcone founded the production company , On the Day Productions . In 2015 , she received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame and released women 's plus size clothing collection . Also in 2015 , Forbes named McCarthy the third highest-paid actress in the world that year . In 2016 , Forbes named her the world 's second highest-paid actress , earning $ 33 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d9a428957efd309d6dedbdf69011574", "text": "Identity Thief Identity Thief is a 2013 American comedy film directed by Seth Gordon , written by Craig Mazin , and starring Jason Bateman and Melissa McCarthy . The film tells a story about a man ( Bateman ) whose identity is stolen by a woman ( McCarthy ) . Despite being a commercial success , grossing over $ 170 million worldwide on a $ 35 million budget , the film received generally negative reviews from critics .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "d8d003301901788c14fa04f007ea633a", "text": "Arachnophobia (film) Arachnophobia is a 1990 American thriller-comedy film directed by Frank Marshall and starring Jeff Daniels and John Goodman . It was the first film released by The Walt Disney Studios ' Hollywood Pictures label , as well as being the directorial debut of Marshall . The film 's story centers on a newly discovered Venezuelan spider being transported to a small American town that produces a new species of deadly spiders , which begin killing the town 's residents one by one . Shooting took place in Venezuela and California and the film was released in the United States on July 18 , 1990 . It was a modest commercial success , gaining $ 53.21 million at the box office . It received generally positive reviews from critics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53080f63ca09a2abc024b8fad39363d2", "text": "Melissa P. (film) Melissa P. is a 2005 erotic drama film directed by Luca Guadagnino . It is based on Melissa Panarello 's semi-autobiographical diary novel , 100 colpi di spazzola prima di andare a dormire ( One Hundred Strokes of the Brush Before Bed ) which focuses on the narrator 's teenage sex life . María Valverde stars as the protagonist , alongside Geraldine Chaplin in the Italian-Spanish production . The film was released on 18 November 2005 in Italy , where it topped the box office .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7d2e7ed37c120f5113b6d5a07e51bd6", "text": "Backyard Ashes Backyard Ashes is a 2013 Australian comedy film about backyard cricket games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d67c563caac911b776bb7e4f93499ce", "text": "The Beniker Gang The Beniker Gang is a 1985 American drama film written by Judie Angell and directed by Ken Kwapis . The movie stars Andrew McCarthy as Arthur Beniker , Jennifer Dundas as Cassie Beniker , Charles Fields as Edmund Beniker , and Danny Pintauro as Ben Benniker .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "73f35a1bb7cfa8a1d18f4dbbe6733bef", "text": "Hollywood & Wine Hollywood & Wine is a 2010 American comedy film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1223cb27a32f7be88ccc6ecdfed41b80", "text": "The Tuxedo The Tuxedo is a 2002 American comedy -- action film directed by Kevin Donovan and starring Jackie Chan , Jennifer Love Hewitt and Jason Isaacs . It is a spy spoof that involves a special tuxedo that grants its wearer special abilities and a corporate terrorist threatening to poison the United States ' fresh water supply with bacteria that spills electrolytes into the blood and totally dehydrates the host .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a153ec3733aea6352927802e8e83f5c", "text": "Smother (film) Smother is a 2008 comedy film starring Diane Keaton as a mother who is over-attached to her adult son . The movie is directed and co-written by Vince Di Meglio . The movie aired on Lifetime in 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a42f49632a13d7a3a43e77b28fa07e9", "text": "Sex Ed (film) Sex Ed is a 2014 American comedy film directed by Isaac Feder and written by Bill Kennedy . The film stars Haley Joel Osment , Lorenza Izzo , Laura Harring , Abby Elliott , Glen Powell , Retta , and Matt Walsh . Sex Ed premiered at the Portland Film Festival on August 29 , 2014 , and was released in theaters on November 7 , 2014 , by MarVista Entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b70f4b88b865aae6c52668acccc1a576", "text": "Off the Ledge Off the Ledge is a 2009 American comedy genre film set at a New Year 's Eve party in Hollywood Hills .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c31320ace36f3e714e0a3bc6b2f79e2", "text": "Matilda (1978 film) Matilda is a 1978 American comedy film directed by Daniel Mann and starring Elliott Gould , Robert Mitchum and Lionel Stander .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0bc8114c3d76c77a0d7958b73166eb8", "text": "Meet the Spartans Meet the Spartans is a 2008 American parody film directed by Jason Friedberg and Aaron Seltzer . Similar to past movies , such as Scary Movie , Date Movie , and Epic Movie , it directs parodies at various films . Although it references many films , TV shows , people and pop cultural events , it focuses mainly on the 2007 film 300 . It opened # 1 in the US box office , despite receiving overwhelmingly negative reviews . The film stars Sean Maguire , Carmen Electra and Kevin Sorbo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "682202f77a3b3827f215a2b3ca9db5da", "text": "National Lampoon's Movie Madness National Lampoon 's Movie Madness is an American comedy film produced by National Lampoon as the second film from the magazine . The film was originally produced under the title National Lampoon Goes to the Movies ; completed in 1981 , the film was not released until 1983 , and was reedited and retitled as Movie Madness . Movie Madness consists of three short segments which satirize personal growth films , glossy soap operas , and police stories . The first two segments of the film , Growing Yourself and Success Wanters , were directed by Bob Giraldi , while the film 's final segment , Municipalians , was directed by Henry Jaglom . Its title song , `` Going to the Movies '' , was sung by Dr. John . The film was a critical failure .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d17aff463b377ea3eee00433d4c40148", "text": "Buddies in India Buddies in India is a 2017 Chinese action adventure comedy film directed by comedian and actor Wang Baoqiang , in his directorial debut , and also starring Wang . It was released in China by Tianjin Maoyan Media , Beijing Enlight Pictures and Huaxia Film Distribution on January 28 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b33f33a8da7eb25ad8645310159a5766", "text": "The Comedy The Comedy is a 2012 drama film directed and co-written by Rick Alverson , and starring Tim Heidecker . Supporting actors include Eric Wareheim ( Tim and Eric ) , James Murphy ( LCD Soundsystem ) , and Gregg Turkington ( better known as Neil Hamburger ) . The film was premiered at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival and screened within such festivals as Maryland Film Festival 2012 . The film was distributed by Tribeca Film and was slated for theatrical release on November 9 , 2012 and nationwide On Demand starting October 24 , 2012 . Despite the title and use of comedians as actors , Sundance festival chief programmer Trevor Groth says that the film is not a comedy , but instead `` a provocation , a critique of a culture based at its core around irony and sarcasm and about ultimately how hollow that is . '' The first ten minutes of the film was purposely leaked onto various torrent websites with an anti-piracy statement at the end of the video . The resulting publicity made the actual film the most pirated independent film of the year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff5955b716c5c613c98172bf00da6d6f", "text": "Limelight (1952 film) Limelight is a 1952 comedy-drama film written , produced , and directed by Charlie Chaplin . Unlike his earlier films , the score was composed by Chaplin and arranged by Ray Rasch , marking this as the first film that he did not musically arrange . The film stars Chaplin as a washed-up comedian who saves a suicidal dancer from killing herself , played by Claire Bloom , and both try to get through life ; additional roles are provided by Nigel Bruce , Sydney Chaplin as Sydney Earl Chaplin , Wheeler Dryden , and Norman Lloyd with an appearance from Buster Keaton . In dance scenes , Bloom is doubled by Melissa Hayden . Upon the film 's release , critics ' reception was divided ; it was heavily boycotted in the United States , and commercially failed . However , the film was re-released the United States in 1972 which included its first screening in Los Angeles . This allowed the decades-old film to be in contention for the 45th Academy Awards where Chaplin won his only competitive Academy Award . Today , the film is sometimes regarded as one of Chaplin 's best and most personal works , and has since attained a cult following .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b4568c2216dbc101e0a6db961cabce1", "text": "Ninja Cheerleaders Ninja Cheerleaders is a 2008 comedy film written and directed by Patrick Hanbury .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2b00315ad6486f7668e49888e0b1a39", "text": "There's Something About Mary There 's Something About Mary is a 1998 American romantic comedy film directed by Bobby and Peter Farrelly . It stars Cameron Diaz as the title character with Ben Stiller , Chris Elliott , and Matt Dillon all playing men who are in love with her and vying for her affections . The film was placed 27th in the American Film Institute 's 100 Years , 100 Laughs : America 's Funniest Movies , a list of the 100 funniest movies of the 20th century . In 2000 , readers of Total Film magazine voted it the fourth-greatest comedy film of all time . Diaz won a New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress , an MTV Movie Award for Best Performance , an American Comedy Award for Best Actress , a Blockbuster Entertainment Award for Best Actress . She also received a Golden Globe nomination for her performance . It was also nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture - Musical or Comedy . It won 4 out of 8 MTV Movie Awards , including Best Movie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5907ff4efa91031b0430386ce054c341", "text": "Kicked in the Head (film) Kicked in the Head is a 1997 American comedy film directed by Matthew Harrison and written by Kevin Corrigan and Matthew Harrison . The film stars Kevin Corrigan , Linda Fiorentino , Michael Rapaport , Lili Taylor , James Woods and Burt Young . The film was released on September 26 , 1997 , by October Films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c45bcc5ddd5a97063d6379708b430719", "text": "Slash (film) Slash is an American comedy film directed and written by Clay Liford . The film stars Michael Johnston , Hannah Marks , Michael Ian Black , Missi Pyle , Sarah Ramos , Peter Vack , Jessie Ennis , and Matt Peters .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef455609f3f48e7d7628a0fbc5ad479c", "text": "Super Troopers Super Troopers is a 2001 American crime-comedy film directed by Jay Chandrasekhar , written by and starring the Broken Lizard comedy group ( Jay Chandrasekhar , Kevin Heffernan , Steve Lem me , Paul Soter and Erik Stolhanske ) . Marisa Coughlan , Daniel von Bargen and Brian Cox co-star while Lynda Carter has a cameo appearance . In total , Fox Searchlight paid $ 3.25 million for distribution rights of the film and grossed $ 23.1 million at the box office . A sequel , Super Troopers 2 , is currently filming and is expected to be released in 2017 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "5a1f58311d5388e2c3c2b99dafe5848e", "text": "Stagira (ancient city) Stagira ( -LSB- stəˈdʒaɪrə -RSB- ) , Stagirus ( -LSB- stəˈdʒaɪrəs -RSB- ) , or Stageira ( Στάγειρα or Στάγειρος ) was an ancient Greek city , located in central Macedonia , near the eastern coast of the peninsula of Chalkidice , and is chiefly known for being the birthplace of Aristotle , who was a Greek philosopher and polymath , a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great . The city lies approximately 8 km north northeast of the present-day village of Stagira , close to the town of Olympiada . Stagira was founded in 655 BC by Ionian settlers from Andros . Xerxes I of Persia occupied it in 480 BC . The city later joined the Delian League , led by Athens , but left in 424 BC : as a result , the Athenian demagogue Cleon laid siege to it in 422 BC . However , Cleon was a poor strategist and his conduct of the siege was very inefficient : so much so that the ancient Greek comedy writer Aristophanes satirised him in the play The Knights . Cleon died in the same year , in the battle of Amphipolis . Later , during the Peloponnesian War , Stagira sided with Sparta against the Athenians . In 348 BC , Philip II of Macedon occupied and destroyed the city . In return for Aristotle 's tutoring of his son Alexander , Philip later rebuilt the city and resettled the old city 's inhabitants , who had been enslaved . Many new structures were built at this time , including an aqueduct , two shrines to Demeter , and many houses .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "1cb6045322d2152c4983025989888757", "text": "Crnilište Crnilishte ( Cërnilisht ) is a village in Municipality of Dolneni , central Republic of Macedonia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7197c19602d511614b8fe88a729557aa", "text": "Draslajca Draslajca is a village in the south-western region of the Republic of Macedonia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e4e4d6a10dd691aa0e326b16a3d32ad", "text": "Geography of Kosovo Kosovo is a small landlocked country in Southeastern Europe , in the center of Balkan Peninsula . With an area of 10,908 km2 , it is one of the smallest countries in Europe . Considering it 's small area , Kosovo has a variety of topographical features . It is surrounded by mountains : the Sharr Mountains are located in the south and southeast , bordering Macedonia , while the Kopaonik Mountains rise in the north . The southwest borders with Montenegro and Albania are also mountainous , and home to the country 's highest peak , Gjeravica , 2656 m high . The central region is mainly hilly , but two large plains spread over Kosovo 's west and east , respectively , Metohija plain and Kosovo plain . In the terms of hydrography , Kosovo has limited water resources . The main rivers in the country are the White Drin , running towards the Adriatic Sea , the South Morava in the Goljak area , and Ibar in the north . Sitnica , a tributary of Ibar , is the longest river lying completely within Kosovo . There are several small natural lakes but the country 's most important lakes are artificial . The biggest lakes are Gazivoda , Radonjić , Batlava and Badovac . Kosovo also does have a large number of karst springs , thermal and mineral water springs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d2ab59575043dea3d04d1162c9dfd43b", "text": "Aračinovo Municipality Aračinovo Municipality ( Општина Арачиново -LSB- araˈtʃinɔvɔ -RSB- , Komuna e Haraçinës ) is a municipality in northern part of Republic of Macedonia . Aračinovo is also the name of the village where the municipal seat is found . The municipality is located in the Skopje Statistical Region .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "114137d7342af8c19669372002250c9a", "text": "Mavrovo Lake Mavrovo Lake ( Мавровско Езеро , Mavrovsko ezero ) is situated in the Mavrovo region , in the Mavrovo and Rostuša municipality of the Republic of Macedonia , less than 100 km from Skopje . Abundant with trout , Lake Mavrovo is used for recreational activities such as swimming , boating and fishing during the summer . An additional point of interest is the half-submerged church in the lake . Spreading over an area of about 780 km2 , the Mavrovo National Park features deep canyons , snowy peaks and blue lakes combine with dense forests that abound with diverse wildlife . Mavrovo is one of the leading tourist areas in the country along with Ohrid , Prespa , Dojran , Popova Shapka ( Šar Planina ) , Pelister , and Kruševo . It was established in 1949 by a law passed by the National Assembly of Macedonia . Later the legislation was changed considerably , enforcing a much stricter protection system . According to the new law , the park is divided into three zones : strict nature reserves , managed reserves , and a tourist zone . One of the appealing features of Mavrovo National Park is its vivid topography . The relief of the park contains three Alpine mountain systems : the Šar , Korab and Bistra mountains . They are exceptionally high , the Šar and Korab , reaching heights of more than 2700 m ( the Korab peak is the highest in Macedonia with its 2,764 m ) . These tremendous mountains are distinguished by chains of snowy , jagged peaks and broad grassy plateaus below them . Between the three mountains extends the Radika gorge . More than 25 km long . Vertical cliffs higher than 300 m rise above the waters of the Radika river . In addition , the park area contains many other interesting natural phenomena -- the highest waterfall in the Balkans ( with a vertical fall of approximately 120 ) , alpine bogs in the Šar mountains as remnants of the Ice age , rare karst relief ( including beautiful caves ) in the Bistra mountains , as well as numerous glacial lakes throughout the Alpine zone .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a590ae3eac8232a81908aebb5779c9b", "text": "Thermaic Gulf The Thermaic Gulf is a gulf of the Aegean Sea located immediately south of the Thessaloniki regional unit , east of Pieria and Imathia , and west of Chalkidiki . It was named after the ancient town of Therma , which was situated on the northeast coast of the gulf ( Therma was later renamed Thessalonica ) . Near Thessaloniki , the length ( north-south ) of the gulf is about 100 km , while its width ( east-west ) is about 5 km . The length of the gulf in its northern part ( from its northern extent down to `` megalo emvolo '' cape ) is estimated to stretch 15 km , while after `` megalo emvolo '' cape towards the south , its length extents a further 50 km . Cape Kassandra lies to the southeast end of the gulf . To the Romans , the gulf was also known as Thermaicus or Thermaeus sinus ( `` Gulf of Therma '' ) and as Macedonicus sinus ( `` The Gulf of Macedon '' , or `` The Macedonian Gulf '' ) . One of its modern names is the `` Gulf of Salonica '' , named after the city of Thessaloniki which sprawls around and along the northeastern coast of the gulf . Places that lie by the gulf include Sani , Kassandreia , ancient Potidaea , Nea Moudania , Agia Triada , Neoi Epivates , Peraia , Kalochori , Methoni , Pydna , Paralia Katerinis and Olympiaki Akti . The rivers emptying into the gulf are the Pineios , Aliakmon , Loudias , Gallikos and Axios ; several streams including one near Pydna also empty into the gulf . The Thermaic Gulf was significantly larger in classical times , with many ancient seaside cities ( e.g. Pella ) are now found several kilometers inland . The extensive silting mainly affects the northern and western parts of the gulf , which receive the bulk of alluvial outflow . The gulf is home to a large number of famous , pristine beaches , which include Sani Beach . However , there are no beaches on the northwest coast , where wetlands stretch from Methone ( northwest coast ) to Thessaloniki 's western suburb of Kalochori . The Port of Thessaloniki is the gulf 's largest and busiest port , while another twelve small ports provide sea transport in , out and around the Thermaic gulf . Major road networks of northern Greece such as the A1/E75 motorway ( Athens - Lamia - Thessaloniki ) encircles the western portion of the gulf , while the A25 ( Thessaloniki - Nea Moudania motorway ) almost encircles the eastern part of it . Category : Gulfs of the Aegean Sea Category : Gulfs of Greece Category : Geography of ancient Chalcidice Category : Geography of ancient Mygdonia Category : Bottiaea Category : Geography of ancient Pieria Category : Thessaloniki Category : Landforms of Thessaloniki ( regional unit ) Category : Landforms of Central Macedonia Category : Landforms of Pieria ( regional unit ) Category : Landforms of Imathia Category : Landforms of Chalkidiki", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d23d009fcc2079272172abf4ea6270f4", "text": "Mavrovo (region) Mavrovo ( Маврово -LSB- ˈmavrɔvɔ -RSB- ) is a valley region in the northwest of the Republic of Macedonia . It is home to Mavrovo National Park and a winter sports center . Some of the villages and smaller hamlets include : Mavrovo , Nikiforovo , Leunovo , and Mavrovi Anovi . This micro region is named Mavrovo after the most populated settlement in the region , the village of Mavrovo . The region 's location at Bistra mountain and the Lake Mavrovo have helped it grow into a year-round tourist center . Mavrovo is the most popular ski center in Macedonia . The ski center named Zare Lazareski has two double chair lifts , one single lift chair with over 1100 person capacity per hour , several ski lifts with synchronized connection and a capacity of over 5000 persons per hour . The ski center has also received a renovation that increased the capacity of ski lifts and ski chairs . The ski trails start at 1960 m and end at 1250 m above sea level . There are plans to build a ski jumping facility in Macedonia , possibly in Mavrovo . The Mavrovo lake lies at an altitude of 1220 m . It is 12 km long , 3 km wide and covers an area of 13.3 square kilometers . The coast is 24 km long . The deepest measured spot of the lake is 48 m deep .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5febbea1bade143acadf90dd80188493", "text": "Pehčevo Municipality Pehčevo Municipality ( Општина Пехчево -LSB- ˈpɛxtʃɛvɔ -RSB- ) is a municipality in eastern part of Republic of Macedonia . Pehčevo is also the name of the town where the municipal seat is found . This municipality is part of the Eastern Statistical Region .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ded1713119ab7292089d14df33cc80c4", "text": "Bistrica, Macedonia Bistrica is a village in the Bitola municipality in the Republic of Macedonia . It lies about 6.31 kilometres away from Bitola , which is the second largest city in Macedonia . According to the 2002 census , the total population is 1,015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f6a6b5a9c15d150d6ab5c693bc8ee89e", "text": "Pelagonia Statistical Region The Pelagonia Statistical Region is one of eight statistical regions of the Republic of Macedonia . It is located in southwestern part of the country along the eponymous plain . It borders Greece and Albania . Internally , it borders the Southwestern and Vardar statistical regions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba54803f7a1e7f0684a03ab3f62eccf1", "text": "Reka region Reka is a geographical region in Macedonia , which encompasses a quadrangle with Albania in the west , the town of Debar and the Mavrovo mountain , and Kičevo in the east . The region is home to a demographically mixed population of Mijaks ( ethnic Macedonians ) , Albanians , and Torbeši ( Muslim ethnic Macedonians ) . There are Orthodox Christian Albanians especially in the sub-region of Upper Reka . The sub-regions ( ethnographic/geographic regions ) of Reka are Mala ( small ) , Dolna ( lower ) and Golema ( large ) or Gorna ( Upper Reka ) . In the west of Reka is the region of Lumë , which extends in both Kosovo and Albania .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5e462aac353519dcb264a0f4f7694e9b", "text": "Miravci Miravci is a village in the Gevgelija region of south-eastern part of the Republic of Macedonia , located in the Kožuf foothills west of the Vardar River . Miravci lies on the Skopje-Thessaloniki railway and a few kilometers from the once-named Highway of Brotherhood and Unity that ran the whole length of Yugoslavia . It is about 25 kilometers north of the Greek border . Miravci has at various times in recent decades been its own municipality , or folded into the greater Gevgelija municipality . There are six villages in the Miravci district : Miravci , Davidovo , Petrovo , Gabrovo , Miletkovo and Smokvica . Miravci has a kindergarten and grade school ( St. Kliment Ohridski , grades 1-8 ) that serve students from all six villages . The entire municipality has around 2900 residents . Miravci has a warm , Mediterranean climate and is known for its tomatoes , peppers and other early-season vegetables . The hills around the region are covered in Quercus coccifera ( Kermes oak -- ` prnar ' in Macedonian ) , as well as wild figs and pomegranates .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a2a2ded79a3636f325fb34940796f344", "text": "2016 Macedonian protests In April 2016 , protests began in the Republic of Macedonia against the incumbent President Gjorgje Ivanov and the government led by the interim Prime Minister Emil Dimitriev from the ruling VMRO-DPMNE party . Referred to by some as the `` Colorful Revolution '' , the protests have started after the controversial decision by President Gjorgje Ivanov to stop the investigation against former Prime Minister Nikola Gruevski and dozens of politicians who were allegedly involved in a wiretapping scandal . The demonstrations were organized by `` Protestiram '' ( I protest ) and supported from coalition led by the Social Democratic Union of Macedonia , and other opposition parties , also the newly formed Levica ( The Left ) demanding that the government resigns for the formation of a technical government , and that the parliamentary elections planned for 5 June 2016 are cancelled , on the grounds that the conditions for free and transparent elections are not in place . The government and its supporters , who have organized pro-government rallies , maintain that the elections on June 5 are the only solution to the political crisis , with some observers blaming the opposition for creating a `` Ukraine scenario '' in Macedonia . Initially taking place in Skopje , the capital , both anti- and pro-government protests have also occurred in other cities in the country , including Bitola , Kicevo , Kočani , Veles , Strumica , Prilep , Kumanovo and Tetovo . Thousands of people have taken part in the demonstrations . The European Union and the United States criticized the government of Macedonia for the pardon of the politicians and have stated that Macedonia 's prospects of becoming a member of the EU and NATO are under threat because of it . In an official statement , the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia labelled the Macedonian opposition as a tool of foreign powers being used to destabilize the political situation in the country .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e34c84247688e7ed224a169a61fd480", "text": "Lake Prespa Prespa is the name of two freshwater lakes in southeast Europe , shared by Albania , Greece , and the Republic of Macedonia . Of the total surface area , 176.3 km ² belongs to the Republic of Macedonia , 46.3 km ² to Albania and 36.4 km ² to Greece . They are the highest tectonic lakes in the Balkans , standing at an elevation of 853 m ( 2,798 ft ) . The Great Prespa Lake ( Liqeni i Prespës , Μεγάλη Πρέσπα , Megáli Préspa , Преспанско Езеро , Prespansko Ezero ) is divided between Albania , Greece and Macedonia . The Small Prespa Lake ( Greek : Μικρή Πρέσπα , Mikri Prespa ; Albanian : Prespa e Vogël ) is shared only between Greece ( 138 km ² drainage area ; 42.5 km ² surface area ) and Albania ( 51 km ² drainage area ; 4.3 km ² surface area ) . The area contains three National Parks located in Albania ( Prespa National Park ) , Greece , and the Republic of Macedonia respectively . The largest town in the Prespa Lakes region is Resen in the Republic of Macedonia . In 2014 , the Ohrid-Prespa Transboundary Reserve between Albania and Macedonia was added to UNESCO 's World Network of Biosphere Reserves .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "106e77ea3a3559aa0eda6cbc9534844d", "text": "Paeonia (kingdom) In antiquity , Paeonia -LSB- piːˈoʊniə -RSB- was the land and kingdom of the Paeonians . In the Iliad the Paeonians are said to have been allies of the Trojans . During the Persian invasion of Greece the conquered Paeonians as far as the Lake Prasias , including the Paeoplae and Siropaiones , were deported from Paeonia to Asia . In 355-354 BC , Philip II of Macedon took advantage of the death of King Agi of Paeonia and campaigned against them in order to conquer them . So the southern part of ancient Paeonia was annexed by the ancient kingdom of Macedon and was named as ` Macedonian Paeonia ' ; this section included the cities Astraion ( later Stromnitsa ) Stenae ( near modern Demir Kapija ) , Antigoneia ( near modern Negotino ) etc. . The exact original boundaries of Paeonia , like the early history of its inhabitants , are obscure , but it is known that it was located immediately north of ancient Macedonia ( which corresponded roughly to the modern Greek region of Macedonia ) , and to the south-east of Dardania ( which was similar to modern-day Kosovo ) ; in the east were the Thracian mountains , and in the west , the Illyrians . It was separated from Dardania by the mountains through which the Vardar river passes from the field of Scupi ( modern Skopje ) to the valley of Bylazora ( modern Veles ) . Paeonia roughly corresponds to the present-day Republic of Macedonia and to a narrow strip of the north Greek Macedonia , on the borders with the Republic of Macedonia , and a small part of south-western Bulgaria .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2d3151dc84243c5615ca0f74d83a9d01", "text": "Srpci Srpci ( Macedonian Cyrillic : Српци ) is a village 12 kilometers away from Bitola , which is the second largest city in Macedonia . According to the 2002 census , total population is 65 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "24c19bc55b694b922ed2bbe2f2812745", "text": "Štip Štip ( Штип -LSB- ʃtip -RSB- ) is the largest urban agglomeration in the eastern part of the Republic of Macedonia , serving as the economic , industrial , entertainment and educational focal point for the surrounding municipalities . As of the 2002 census , the Štip municipality alone had a population of about 47,796 . Štip is the largest textile production center in the country ; Center of the fashion industry in Macedonia , as well as the location of the sole public university in eastern Macedonia , Goce Delčev University of Štip . The city of Štip is the seat of Štip Municipality .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "59ec55fae2c166312d91b3082341e448", "text": "Gollobordë Gollobordë ( Bulgarian : Голо Бърдо and Macedonian : Голо Брдо ; Golloborda ) refers to a geographical area situated primarily in eastern Albania , with a small portion consisting of two villages lying within the Republic of Macedonia . This region is located within the Dibër and Elbasan counties which contain both Macedonian and Albanian villages . This area contains a Macedonian minority ( of mixed Orthodox Christian and Islamic confession ) of about 5,000 to 30,000 and also smaller numbers of Aromanians , Bulgarians and Turks . The official report from Albania is that there is only an ethnic Macedonian minority recognized among the South Slavic nationalities . The region was divided in 1925 between Albania and the Kingdom of Yugoslavia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e7354ceb2de71f5a4df531ed967ee8c", "text": "Orah, Macedonia Orah or Suvi Orah is a village in the Republic of Macedonia administrative located in the Staro Nagoričane municipality near town Kumanovo in the micro-region of Sredorek .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9e7851cd77f322310e137f45f5549974", "text": "Western Macedonia Western Macedonia is one of the thirteen regions of Greece , consisting of the western part of Greek Macedonia . It is divided into the regional units of Florina , Grevena , Kastoria , and Kozani .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "9929997e46343872894c907799ea8bab", "text": "United Nations The United Nations ( UN ) is an intergovernmental organization to promote international co-operation and to create and maintain international order . A replacement for the ineffective League of Nations , the organization was established on 24 October 1945 after World War II in order to prevent another such conflict . At its founding , the UN had 51 member states ; there are now 193 . The headquarters of the UN is in Manhattan , New York City , and experiences extraterritoriality . Further main offices are situated in Geneva , Nairobi , and Vienna . The organization is financed by assessed and voluntary contributions from its member states . Its objectives include maintaining international peace and security , promoting human rights , fostering social and economic development , protecting the environment , and providing humanitarian aid in cases of famine , natural disaster , and armed conflict . The UN is the largest , most familiar , most internationally represented and most powerful intergovernmental organisation in the world . The UN Charter was drafted at a conference between April -- June 1945 in San Francisco , and was signed on 26 June 1945 at the conclusion of the conference ; this charter took effect 24 October 1945 , and the UN began operation . The UN 's mission to preserve world peace was complicated in its early decades by the Cold War between the US and Soviet Union and their respective allies . The organization participated in major actions in Korea and the Congo , as well as approving the creation of the state of Israel in 1947 . The organization 's membership grew significantly following widespread decolonization in the 1960s , and by the 1970s its budget for economic and social development programmes far outstripped its spending on peacekeeping . After the end of the Cold War , the UN took on major military and peacekeeping missions across the world with varying degrees of success . The UN has six principal organs : the General Assembly ( the main deliberative assembly ) ; the Security Council ( for deciding certain resolutions for peace and security ) ; the Economic and Social Council ( ECOSOC ; for promoting international economic and social co-operation and development ) ; the Secretariat ( for providing studies , information , and facilities needed by the UN ) ; the International Court of Justice ( the primary judicial organ ) ; and the UN Trusteeship Council ( inactive since 1994 ) . UN System agencies include the World Bank Group , the World Health Organization , the World Food Programme , UNESCO , and UNICEF . The UN 's most prominent officer is the Secretary-General , an office held by Portuguese António Guterres since 2017 . Non-governmental organizations may be granted consultative status with ECOSOC and other agencies to participate in the UN 's work . The organization won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2001 , and a number of its officers and agencies have also been awarded the prize . Other evaluations of the UN 's effectiveness have been mixed . Some commentators believe the organization to be an important force for peace and human development , while others have called the organization ineffective , corrupt , or biased .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "6b9da2303b5cf29e7ad71cb7a048d288", "text": "United Nations Security Council Resolution 1118 United Nations Security Council resolution 1118 , adopted unanimously on 30 June 1997 , after reaffirming Resolution 696 ( 1991 ) and all subsequent resolutions on Angola , the Council established the United Nations Observer Mission in Angola ( MONUA ) to supersede the United Nations Angola Verification Mission III ( UNAVEM III ) . The Security Council recognised the important contribution that UNAVEM III peacekeepers had made to the peace process in Angola . Meanwhile , a government of national unity and reconciliation was formed in which UNITA was included . Both parties had to continue with the implementation of the remaining political and military tasks , while concern was expressed at UNITA attacks on UNAVEM III personnel and tension in the northeastern provinces . It was then decided that , from 1 July 1997 , MONUVA would be established for an initial period ending on 31 October 1997 , with the expectation that the mission would terminate by 1 February 1998 . MONUA was also given responsibility for all components of UNAVEM III that still remained in Angola . Both the Government of Angola and UNITA were called upon to refrain from violence and inform MONUA of all troop movements . It also demanded that UNITA provide the Joint Commission complete information with regard to its military forces , including the security detachment of the leader of the largest opposition party , the so-called `` mining police '' , armed UNITA personnel returning from outside the national boundaries , and any other armed UNITA personnel not previously reported to the United Nations , so that they could be disarmed and demobilised . The Secretary-General Kofi Annan was requested to report on the situation by 15 August 1997 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "103e88b332091698f04224052264cdf3", "text": "Non-Aligned Movement The Non-Aligned Movement ( NAM ) is a group of states that are not formally aligned with or against any major power bloc . , the movement has 120 members . The purpose of the organization has been enumerated as to ensure `` the national independence , sovereignty , territorial integrity and security of non-aligned countries '' in their `` struggle against imperialism , colonialism , neo-colonialism , racism , and all forms of foreign aggression , occupation , domination , interference or hegemony as well as against great power and bloc politics , '' by Fidel Castro in the Havana Declaration of 1979 . The countries of the Non-Aligned Movement represent nearly two-thirds of the United Nations ' members and contain 55 % of the world population . Membership is particularly concentrated in countries considered to be developing or part of the Third World . Although many of the Non-Aligned Movement 's members were actually quite closely aligned with one or another of the superpowers , the movement still maintained cohesion throughout the Cold War , even despite several conflicts between members which also threatened the movement . In the years since the Cold War 's end , it has focused on developing multilateral ties and connections as well as unity among the developing nations of the world , especially those within the Global South .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "defdc58f8e6127f551750db4375182d3", "text": "United Nations Security Council Resolution 969 United Nations Security Council resolution 969 , adopted unanimously on 21 December 1994 , after recalling resolutions 186 ( 1964 ) , 831 ( 1993 ) and 889 ( 1993 ) , the Council expressed concern at the lack of progress in the political dispute in Cyprus and extended the mandate of the United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus ( UNFICYP ) until 30 June 1995 . Reviewing a report by the Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali , the Council called on the military authorities on both sides were called upon to ensure that no incidents occurred along the buffer zone and to co-operate with the UNFICYP , especially with regards to extending the 1989 unmanning agreement to cover all areas of the buffer zone . The Secretary-General was requested to keep under review the structure and strength of the peacekeeping force with a view to restructuring it if necessary . All parties concerned were urged to commit themselves to a reduction of foreign troops in Cyprus and reduce defence spending , as a first step towards the withdrawal of non-Cypriot forces as proposed in the `` Set of Ideas '' . The resolution also requested that parties , in accordance with Resolution 839 ( 1993 ) , to enter discussions with a view to prohibiting live ammunition and firing weapons within the range of the buffer zone . The leaders of Cyprus and Northern Cyprus were urged to promote tolerance and reconciliation amongst the two communities , welcoming the Secretary-General 's efforts to maintain contacts with both leaders . The Secretary-General was requested to report back to the Council by 15 June 1995 on developments on the island .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e298fb1af034fc25589495560314a97b", "text": "United Nations Security Council Resolution 2015 United Nations Security Council Resolution 2015 was unanimously adopted on 24 October , 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "11e69a1ad7cea9e1a3f9c8b57793eb84", "text": "United Nations Security Council Resolution 40 United Nations Security Council Resolution 40 , adopted on February 28 , 1948 , requested that the Committee of Good Offices watch the political developments in western Java and Madura and to report their findings to the Council frequently . The resolution was adopted by eight votes to none , with three abstentions from Argentina , Ukraine and the Soviet Union .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "635f09219e475f9202d4e41135d368de", "text": "International Law Commission The International Law Commission was established by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948 for the `` promotion of the progressive development of international law and its codification . '' It holds an annual session at the United Nations Office at Geneva .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eeb9d8b5dfd2385135adba448beb8aaa", "text": "United Nations Security Council Resolution 236 United Nations Security Council Resolution 236 , adopted on June 11 , 1967 , after noting the oral reports of the Secretary-General , the Council condemned any violations of the cease-fire called for in resolution 234 . The Council requested that the Secretary-General continue his investigations and report back as soon as possible and affirmed its demand for a cease-fire . The Council called for the prompt return to the cease-fire positions of any troops which may have moved forward subsequent to 16:30 hours GMT on June 10 , 1967 , and called for the full co-operation with the Chief of Staff of the United Nations Truce Supervision Organization and the observers in implementing the cease-fire . The meeting , requested by Syria , adopted resolution 236 unanimously .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a3297da266925f93e1422d7432a9fc0", "text": "United Nations Year for Tolerance The United Nations General Assembly proclaimed 1995 the United Nations Year for Tolerance with UNESCO as the lead organization . ( It had invited the Economic and Social Council to consider the matter in an earlier session . ) The idea and practice of tolerance was widely promoted in schools in many member states . Tolerance was held to be an ` endangered virtue ' in many parts of the world , particularly those who were under racial and religious wars , such as those in Bosnia and Rwanda . UNESCO said that five key planks were required to overcome intolerance : law , education , access to information , individual awareness and local solutions . Tolerance is thus a political , legal and moral duty to protect and preserve human rights . The International Day for Tolerance is now celebrated on November 16 every year , in recognition of the Paris Declaration which was signed that day in 1995 by 185 member states . In 1995 , a press conference was held at the United Nations by 12-year-old Mark Semotiuk who launched his book `` 401 Goofy Jokes for Kids '' which united kids from Ukraine , Canada and the United States , as one of the symbols for the United Nations Year for Tolerance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e75739ba93b9318a1de31c98eeaa7fb", "text": "World Charter for Nature World Charter for Nature was adopted by United Nations member nation-states on October 28 , 1982 . It proclaims five `` principles of conservation by which all human conduct affecting nature is to be guided and judged . '' Nature shall be respected and its essential processes shall not be impaired . The genetic viability on the earth shall not be compromised ; the population levels of all life forms , wild and domesticated , must be at least sufficient for their survival , and to this end necessary habitats shall be safeguarded . All areas of the earth , both land and sea , shall be subject to these principles of conservation ; special protection shall be given to unique areas , to representative samples of all the different types of ecosystems and to the habitats of rare or endangered species . Ecosystems and organisms , as well as the land , marine and atmospheric resources that are utilized by man , shall be managed to achieve and maintain optimum sustainable productivity , but not in such a way as to endanger the integrity of those other ecosystems or species with which they coexist . Nature shall be secured against degradation caused by warfare or other hostile activities . The vote was 111 for , one against ( United States ) , 18 abstentions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "19caeecf77681a0221b9399e4822c300", "text": "United Nations Security Council election, 1999 The 1999 United Nations Security Council election was held on 14 October 1999 during the Fifty-fourth session of the United Nations General Assembly , held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City . The General Assembly elected Bangladesh , Jamaica , Mali , Tunisia , and Ukraine , as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 2000 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc4bbf6c8750ef13b433ab9237331d30", "text": "United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights The United Nations Prizes in the Field of Human Rights were instituted by United Nations General Assembly resolution 2217 in 1966 . They are intended to `` honour and commend people and organizations which have made an outstanding contribution to the promotion and protection of the human rights embodied in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and in other United Nations human rights instruments '' . They were first awarded in 1968 , and they have been given out at five-year intervals since then . The award ceremony traditionally takes place on 10 December , which the UN has designated Human Rights Day . The recipients are selected by a special committee comprising the presidents of the General Assembly and the Economic and Social Council and the chairs of the Commission on Human Rights , the Commission on the Status of Women , and the Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights . The physical token of the award is a metal plaque bearing the UN seal and an artistic design , and engraved with an appropriate citation . In contrast to the Nobel prizes -- and the list of prizewinners shares much common ground with the Nobel Peace Prize in particular -- the UN 's awards are non-monetary in nature .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a4d9f9863f51a241d0a99848e88624d", "text": "United Nations Security Council Resolution 32 United Nations Security Council Resolution 32 , adopted on August 26 , 1947 , condemned the continuing violence in the Indonesian National Revolution and asked both sides ( the Netherlands and Indonesian Republicans ) to own up to their commitments under United Nations Security Council Resolution 30 . The resolution was adopted by ten votes to none , with the United Kingdom abstaining .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "361a0dc34bd5c5ff3e2f3be72f45f2c6", "text": "First session of the United Nations General Assembly The first session of the United Nations General Assembly opened on 10 January 1946 in London . Gladwyn Jebb , executive secretary of the UN , notified Dr. Eduardo Zuleta Angel , head of the Colombian delegation to the UN and chairman of the Preparatory Commission of the United Nations , called the meeting to order . Paul-Henri Spaak of Belgium was elected the first president of the General Assembly in a 28 -- 23 vote , prevailing over Trygve Lie ( who went on to be the first Secretary General of the UN ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "360fcb32e8df0804201d972975a77709", "text": "United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1668 United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1668 ( XVI ) was an act of the UN General Assembly that deemed the issue of China representation at the UN an important question under the UN Charter ; therefore any proposal to change the designated representation of China at the UN would require a two-thirds majority vote . The impetus for UN Resolution 1668 ( 1961 ) was raised by United States , Australia , Japan , Italy and Colombia and passed with 61 UN Member States voting in its favor , 34 UN Member States voted against it , 7 UN Member States abstaining , and 2 UN Member States non-voting . The Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations was signed by the Republic of China on 18 April 1961 and ratified on 19 December 1969 . The Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations is the cornerstone of modern-day diplomacy since the Vienna Congress and followed by the UN .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e4f67839cd77114e18da0710f1ee9171", "text": "Durban III Durban III is an informal name for a high-level United Nations General Assembly meeting marking the 10th anniversary of the adoption of The Durban Declaration and Programme of Action that was held in New York City on 22 September 2011 . It was mandated in 2009 by United Nations General Assembly ( GA ) resolution 64/148 to commemorate the World Conference against Racism 2001 ( also known as Durban I ) , and given additional form and visibility by a GA Third Committee draft resolution adopted on 24 November 2010 . It followed the Durban Review Conference , the official name of the 2009 United Nations World Conference Against Racism ( WCAR ) , also known as Durban II . The theme of the conference was `` Victims of racism , racial discrimination , xenophobia and related intolerance : recognition , justice and development '' , and most of the member states of the UN attended . Consisting of a plenary session and a series of round table discussions at the level of Heads of State and Government , its stated goal was to build upon the agenda outlined in The Durban Declaration and Programme of Action , or DDPA , described by the UN as `` the international community 's blueprint for action to fight racism . '' The Durban conferences had previously been criticized by Western governments for allegedly promoting rather than combating racism . Australia , Austria , Bulgaria , Canada , the Czech Republic , France , Germany , Israel , Italy , the Netherlands , New Zealand , Poland , the United Kingdom and the United States all boycotted Durban III . They charged that the Durban process has been used to promote racism , intolerance , antisemitism and Holocaust denial , and to erode freedom of speech and Israel 's right to exist . The same countries , excluding Austria , Bulgaria , France and the United Kingdom , also previously boycotted the Durban Review Conference in 2009 . A coalition of 25 non-governmental organizations ( NGOs ) critical of the conference , led by UN Watch , organized a parallel human rights summit with the stated aim of drawing attention to flaws in the UN system and promoting reform . A similar counter-conference organized by Nobel Peace Prize laureate Elie Wiesel and human rights scholar Anne Bayefsky featured scholars and public figures . Conversely , the Durban +10 Coalition , a group of NGOs which included the US Human Rights Network , National Lawyers Guild and the International Jewish Anti-Zionist Network , expressed its unequivocal support for the DDPA and criticized countries boycotting the conference .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f6fb9a9afb4e3ed53a8cc9b71628963c", "text": "Surrender of Japan The surrender of Imperial Japan was announced on August 15 and formally signed on September 2 , 1945 , bringing the hostilities of World War II to a close . By the end of July 1945 , the Imperial Japanese Navy ( IJN ) was incapable of conducting major operations and an Allied invasion of Japan was imminent . Together with the British Empire and China , the United States called for the unconditional surrender of the Japanese armed forces in the Potsdam Declaration on July 26 , 1945 -- the alternative being `` prompt and utter destruction '' . While publicly stating their intent to fight on to the bitter end , Japan 's leaders ( the Supreme Council for the Direction of the War , also known as the `` Big Six '' ) were privately making entreaties to the still-neutral Soviet Union to mediate peace on terms more favorable to the Japanese . Meanwhile , the Soviets were preparing to attack Japanese forces in Manchuria and Korea ( in addition to South Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands ) in fulfillment of promises they had secretly made to the United States and the United Kingdom at the Tehran and Yalta Conferences . On August 6 , 1945 , at 8:15 AM local time , the United States detonated an atomic bomb over the Japanese city of Hiroshima . Sixteen hours later , American President Harry S. Truman called again for Japan 's surrender , warning them to `` expect a rain of ruin from the air , the like of which has never been seen on this earth . '' Late in the evening of August 8 , 1945 , in accordance with the Yalta agreements , but in violation of the Soviet -- Japanese Neutrality Pact , the Soviet Union declared war on Japan , and soon after midnight on August 9 , 1945 , the Soviet Union invaded the Imperial Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo . Later in the day , the United States dropped a second atomic bomb , this time on the Japanese city of Nagasaki . Following these events , Emperor Hirohito intervened and ordered the Supreme Council for the Direction of the War to accept the terms the Allies had set down in the Potsdam Declaration for ending the war . After several more days of behind-the-scenes negotiations and a failed coup d'état , Emperor Hirohito gave a recorded radio address across the Empire on August 15 . In the radio address , called the , he announced the surrender of Japan to the Allies . On August 28 , the occupation of Japan by the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers began . The surrender ceremony was held on September 2 , aboard the United States Navy battleship , at which officials from the Japanese government signed the Japanese Instrument of Surrender , thereby ending the hostilities . Allied civilians and military personnel alike celebrated V-J Day , the end of the war ; however , some isolated soldiers and personnel from Imperial Japan 's far-flung forces throughout Asia and the Pacific islands refused to surrender for months and years afterwards , some even refusing into the 1970s . The role of the atomic bombings in Japan 's unconditional surrender , and the ethics of the two attacks , is still debated . The state of war formally ended when the Treaty of San Francisco came into force on April 28 , 1952 . Four more years passed before Japan and the Soviet Union signed the Soviet -- Japanese Joint Declaration of 1956 , which formally brought an end to their state of war .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e3bbc6870d567cb0a5893b414421905d", "text": "Yalta Conference The Yalta Conference , sometimes called the Crimea conference and code named the Argonaut Conference , held from February 4 to 11 , 1945 , was the World War II meeting of the heads of government of the United States , the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union for the purpose of discussing Europe 's postwar reorganization . The three states were represented by President Franklin D. Roosevelt , Prime Minister Winston Churchill and Premier Joseph Stalin , respectively . The conference convened in the Livadia Palace near Yalta in Crimea , Soviet Union . The goal of the conference was to shape a post-war peace that represented not just a collective security order but a plan to give self-determination to the liberated peoples of post-Nazi Europe . The meeting was intended mainly to discuss the re-establishment of the nations of war-torn Europe . Within a few years , with the Cold War dividing the continent , Yalta became a subject of intense controversy . To a degree , it has remained controversial . Yalta was the second of three wartime conferences among the Big Three . It had been preceded by the Tehran Conference in 1943 , and was followed by the Potsdam Conference in July 1945 , which was attended by Stalin , Churchill ( who was replaced halfway through by the newly elected British Prime Minister Clement Attlee ) and Harry S. Truman , Roosevelt 's successor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f662ccb926a21ec9e9e3b546321adcf", "text": "United Nations Security Council election, November 1946 The second 1946 United Nations Security Council election was held on 19 November 1946 during the First session of the United Nations General Assembly . The General Assembly elected Belgium , Colombia , and Syria , as the three new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing in January 1947 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c78209fe1aeaa642db3a7d80e83d7a9", "text": "United Nations Operation in the Congo Organisation des Nations Unies au Congo , abbreviated ONUC ( English : United Nations Organization in the Congo ) , was a United Nations peacekeeping force in Congo that was established after United Nations Security Council Resolution 143 of 14 July 1960 . In 1963 the name changed to Opération des Nations Unies au Congo , retaining the same abbreviation . To generalise , the mission was a response to the Congo Crisis . ONUC was the UN 's first peacekeeping mission with a significant military force , but has been described as a `` pyrrhic victory at best . '' Following Security Council actions , the United Nations Organization in the Congo ( ONUC ) was established . To carry out these tasks , the Secretary-General set up a United Nations Force -- at its peak strength numbering nearly 20,000 . The UN Force stayed in the Congo between 1960 and 1964 , and underwent a transition from a peacekeeping presence to a military force . ONUC 's main goals stayed consistent from the first to fifth resolution . It featured the double purpose of withdrawing Belgian military personnel ( later expanding to mercenaries ) and providing military assistance to ensure internal stability . The successive Security Council resolutions added to and elaborated on the initial mandate but did not fundamentally change the operation 's objectives . These were especially significant because Belgium 's invasion violated the norm of sovereignty , and the second objective was set to prevent the country from becoming a Cold War client state . The first troops reached Congo on 15 July 1960 , many airlifted in by the United States Air Force as part of Operation New Tape . Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba , dissatisfied with Dag Hammarskjöld 's refusal to use UN troops to subdue the insurrection in Katanga , decided to attempt an invasion of Katanga on his own and turned to the Soviet Union for help . The invasion attempt never reached Katanga but led to dissension within the Central Government , the collapse of the Central Government , and eventually to Lumumba 's arrest in December and execution in Katanga in February 1961 . Only then did the United Nations Security Council explicitly authorize the use of force for purposes beyond self-defense .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7e68b8678d4281f59818cb1500c200bb", "text": "North Atlantic Treaty The North Atlantic Treaty , signed in Washington , D.C. on 4 April 1949 , is the treaty establishing the North Atlantic Treaty Organization ( NATO ) .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "1ecfd8056a8c06ad08827490a2ffe87d", "text": "Rock music Rock music is a genre of popular music that originated as `` rock and roll '' in the United States in the early 1950s , and developed into a range of different styles in the 1960s and later , particularly in the United Kingdom and the United States . It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll , a style which drew heavily on the African-American genres of blues and rhythm and blues , and from country music . Rock music also drew strongly on a number of other genres such as electric blues and folk , and incorporated influences from jazz , classical and other musical styles . Musically , rock has centered on the electric guitar , usually as part of a rock group with electric bass and drums and one or more singers . Typically , rock is song-based music usually with a 4/4 time signature using a verse-chorus form , but the genre has become extremely diverse . Like pop music , lyrics often stress romantic love but also address a wide variety of other themes that are frequently social or political . By the late 1960s `` classic rock '' period , a number of distinct rock music subgenres had emerged , including hybrids like blues rock , folk rock , country rock , raga rock , and jazz-rock , many of which contributed to the development of psychedelic rock , which was influenced by the countercultural psychedelic and hippie scene . New genres that emerged included progressive rock , which extended the artistic elements ; glam rock , which highlighted showmanship and visual style ; and the diverse and enduring subgenre of heavy metal , which emphasized volume , power , and speed . In the second half of the 1970s , punk rock reacted by producing stripped-down , energetic social and political critiques . Punk was an influence in the 1980s on new wave , post-punk and eventually alternative rock . From the 1990s alternative rock began to dominate rock music and break into the mainstream in the form of grunge , Britpop , and indie rock . Further fusion subgenres have since emerged , including pop punk , rap rock , and rap metal , as well as conscious attempts to revisit rock 's history , including the garage rock/post-punk and synth-pop revivals at the beginning of the 2000s ( decade ) . Rock music has also embodied and served as the vehicle for cultural and social movements , leading to major subcultures including mods and rockers in the UK and the hippie counterculture that spread out from San Francisco in the US in the 1960s . Similarly , 1970s punk culture spawned the goth and emo subcultures . Inheriting the folk tradition of the protest song , rock music has been associated with political activism as well as changes in social attitudes to race , sex and drug use , and is often seen as an expression of youth revolt against adult consumerism and conformity .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "579f63a07bdfa1f180fc8cfec75ad601", "text": "American popular music American popular music has had a profound effect on music across the world . The country has seen the rise of popular styles that have had a significant influence on global culture , including ragtime , blues , jazz , swing , rock , bluegrass , country , R&B , doo wop , gospel , soul , funk , heavy metal , punk , disco , house , techno , salsa , grunge and hip hop . In addition , the American music industry is quite diverse , supporting a number of regional styles such as zydeco , klezmer and slack-key . Distinctive styles of American popular music emerged early in the 19th century , and in the 20th century the American music industry developed a series of new forms of music , using elements of blues and other genres of American folk music . These popular styles included country , R&B , jazz and rock . The 1960s and 1970s saw a number of important changes in American popular music , including the development of a number of new styles , such as heavy metal , punk , soul , and hip hop . Though these styles were not in the sense of mainstream , they were commercially recorded and are thus examples of popular music as opposed to folk or classical music .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "938fb4b93d3928ed2d97fbecce4c5cb6", "text": "List of North American folk music traditions This is a list of folk music traditions , with styles , dances , instruments and other related topics . The term folk music can not be easily defined in a precise manner ; it is used with widely varying definitions depending on the author , intended audience and context within a work . Similarly , the term traditions in this context does not connote any strictly-defined criteria . Music scholars , journalists , audiences , record industry individuals , politicians , nationalists and demagogues may often have occasion to address which fields of folk music are distinct traditions based along racial , geographic , linguistic , religious , tribal or ethnic lines , and all such peoples will likely use different criteria to decide what constitutes a `` folk music tradition '' . This list uses the same general categories used by mainstream , primarily English-language , scholarly sources , as determined by relevant statements of fact and the internal structure of works . These traditions may coincide entirely , partially or not at all with geographic , political , linguistic or cultural boundaries . Very few , if any , music scholars would claim that there are any folk music traditions that can be considered specific to a distinct group of people and with characteristics undiluted by contact with the music of other peoples ; thus , the folk music traditions described herein overlap in varying degrees with each other .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7e9b16234680b33ed4b4c704228eb9d", "text": "Rehearsal A rehearsal is an activity in the performing arts that occurs as preparation for a performance in music , theatre , dance and related arts , such as opera , musical theatre and film production . It is undertaken as a form of practising , to ensure that all details of the subsequent performance are adequately prepared and coordinated . The term `` rehearsal '' typically refers to ensemble activities undertaken by a group of people . For example , when a musician is preparing a piano concerto alone in their music studio , this is called `` practicing '' , but when they begin to practice the concerto with an orchestra , this activity is called a `` rehearsal '' . The music rehearsal takes place in a music rehearsal space . A rehearsal may involve as few as two people , as with a small play for two actors , an art song performance by a singer and a pianist or a folk music duo of a singer and a guitar player . On the other end of the spectrum , a rehearsal can be held for a very large orchestra with over 100 performers and a choir . A rehearsal can involve only performers of one type , as in an a cappella choir show , in which a group of singers perform without instrumental accompaniment or a play involving only theatre actors ; it can involve performers of different instruments , as with an orchestra , rock band or jazz `` big band '' ; vocal and instrumental performers , as with opera and choral works accompanied by orchestra ; or a mix of actors , vocalists , instrumentalists and dancers , as with musical theatre . Rehearsals of small groups of performers , such as small rock bands , jazz quartets or organ trios may be held without a leader ; in these cases , the performers themselves jointly determine how to run the rehearsal , which songs to practice , and so on . Some small groups may have their rehearsals led by a bandleader . Almost all mid - to large group performances have a person who leads the rehearsals ; this person may be a bandleader in a rock , country or jazz setting ; a conductor in classical music ( including in opera ) ; a director in theatre or musical theatre ; or a film director for movie rehearsals . While the term is most commonly used in the performing arts to refer to preparation for a public presentation or show , the term is also used to refer to the preparation for other anticipated activities , such as wedding guests and couples practicing a wedding ceremony , paramedics practicing responding to a simulated emergency , or army troops practicing for an attack using a mock-up of the building they will be assaulting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5294233095c3f71e95a3f7227c42eca", "text": "British rock and roll British rock and roll , or sometimes British rock 'n' roll , is a style of popular music based on American rock and roll , which emerged in the late 1950s and was popular until the arrival of beat music in 1962 . It has generally been considered inferior to the American version of the genre , and made little international or lasting impact . However , it was important in establishing British youth and popular music culture and was a key factor in subsequent developments that led to the British Invasion of the mid-1960s . Since the 1960s , some stars of the genre , most notably Cliff Richard , have managed to sustain successful careers and there have been periodic revivals of this form of music .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8811514992361fc78b7747276a7a916", "text": "Rockin' All Over the World (album) Rockin ' All Over the World is the tenth studio album by the British band Status Quo , released 1977 . It is the first of their records to be produced by Pip Williams , and the first to feature Andy Bown as a regular contributor to the band ; he would later join the band officially in 1982 . It was released in November 1977 , and reached # 5 . The title track , written and originally recorded by John Fogerty , was released by Quo as a single in September 1977 , reaching a peak position of # 3 . Its b-side was `` Ring of a Change '' , from their previous studio album . No other singles were issued from the album , although `` Ca n't Give You More '' was re-recorded by the band in 1991 for their album `` Rock 'Til You Drop '' and issued as a single , reaching # 37 . The album was reissued by Mercury in 2005 with a bonus track -- a cover of the Beatles ' `` Getting Better '' , which they had initially recorded in 1976 for the soundtrack of the film All This and World War II -LSB- Catalog # 982 596-9 -RSB- . This track was not included on the deluxe edition released in late 2015 , however for this reissue the entire album was remixed and re-ordered by original engineer John Eden and added alongside the new remaster . Several of the new mixes feature longer play-outs and the overall sound was stripped back to the core of two guitars , bass and drums , with occasional keyboard parts left in . As a further bonus , four demos were included .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "680902e19fc5e504e09a3ce42bee1195", "text": "Backing vocalist Backing vocalists are singers who provide vocal harmony with the lead vocalist or other backing vocalists . In some cases , a backing singer may sing alone as a lead-in to the main vocalist 's entry or to sing a counter-melody . Backing vocalists are used in a broad range of popular music , traditional music and world music styles . Solo artists may employ professional backing vocalists in studio recording sessions as well as during concerts . In many rock and metal bands ( e.g. , the power trio ) , the musicians doing backup vocals also play instruments , such as guitar , electric bass , drums , or keyboards . In Latin or Afro-Cuban groups , backup singers may play percussion instruments or shakers while singing . In some pop and hip-hop groups and in musical theater , the backup singers may be required to perform elaborately choreographed dance routines while they sing through headset microphones . The style of singing used by backup singers varies according to the type of song and the genre of music the band plays . In pop and country songs , backup vocalists may perform vocal harmony parts to support the lead vocalist . In hardcore punk or rockabilly , other band members who play instruments may sing or shout backup vocals during the chorus ( refrain ) section of the songs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74475b3e9cfe19db8866b34e6c566194", "text": "Pop punk Pop punk ( also known as punk-pop ) is a music genre that fuses elements of punk rock and pop music . It typically combines fast tempos , loud and distorted electric guitars , and power chord changes with pop-influenced melodies , vocal styles , and lyrical themes . Pop-influenced punk rock emerged in the mid-1970s with a music style that was stylistically similar to power pop . By the mid-1980s , several bands merged hardcore punk with pop music to create a new , faster pop punk sound such as Dag Nasty , the Nip Drivers , T.S.O.L. , Social Distortion , and the Descendents . Pop punk in the United States began to grow in popularity locally in California in the mid-to-late 1980s . Pop punk particularly thrived in California , where independent record labels adopted a do it yourself ( DIY ) approach to releasing music . By the mid-1990s , a few pop punk bands had started to sell millions of records and receive extensive radio and television airplay , such as Green Day . By 1994 , pop punk was quickly growing in mainstream popularity . The late 1990s , exemplified by the 1999 release of Blink-182 's Enema of the State , represented the genre 's mainstream peak , although some pop punk bands scored successful album chartings in the 2000s . In the mid-2000s , emo pop , a fusion genre combining emo and pop punk , became popular . By the end of the 2000s , the pop punk sound of the 1990s had largely waned in mainstream popularity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f4ba42437e7c70dbbd094bd95b98dc32", "text": "Rock en español Rock en español ( Spanish-language rock ) is a term used widely in the English-speaking world to refer any kind of rock music featuring Spanish vocals . Unlike English-speaking bands , very few acts reached worldwide success and often not even between different Spanish-speaking countries due to a lack of promotion . Despite rock en español 's origins in the late 1950s , many rock acts achieved at best nationwide fame until the Internet consolidated the listeners . However , some rock en español artists did become internationally popular with the help of a promotional campaign from the mid 1980s to the mid 1990s called `` Rock en tu idioma '' ( Rock in your language ) . Some specific rock-based styles influenced by folkloric rhythms have also developed in these regions . Some of the more prominent styles are Latin rock , a fusion of rock music with Latin American and Caribbean folkloric sounds developed in Latino communities ; Latin alternative , an alternative rock scene which blended a Latin sound with other genres like Caribbean ska , reggae , and soca ; or Andalusian rock , a flamenco-influenced style that emerged in Spain .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88ba77533c5bed2abc29f08e90b37b6b", "text": "Guitarist A guitarist ( or a guitar player ) is a person who plays the guitar . Guitarists may play a variety of guitar family instruments such as classical guitars , acoustic guitars , electric guitars , and bass guitars . Some guitarists accompany themselves on the guitar by singing or playing the harmonica .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba48be985ce60315329c090dde4a1f00", "text": "Lick (music) In popular music genres such as rock or jazz music , a lick is `` a stock pattern or phrase '' consisting of a short series of notes that is used in solos and melodic lines and accompaniment . Licks in rock and roll are often used through a formula , and variations technique in which variants of simple , stock ideas are blended and developed during the solo . In a jazz band , a lick may be performed during an improvised solo , either during an accompanied solo chorus or during an unaccompanied solo break . Jazz licks are usually original short phrases which can be altered so that they can be used over a song 's changing harmonic progressions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8fd90786ac255313d0ae7b5ab46c0da1", "text": "List of rock formations A rock formation is an isolated , scenic , or spectacular surface rock outcrop . Rock formations are usually the result of weathering and erosion sculpting the existing rock . The term ` rock formation ' can also refer to specific sedimentary strata or other rock unit in stratigraphic and petrologic studies . A rock structure can be created in any rock type or combination : Sedimentary rocks are created by a variety of processes but usually involving deposition , grain by grain , layer by layer , in water or , in the case of terrestrial sediments , on land through the action of wind or sometimes moving ice . Erosion later exposes them in their current form . An example is Bryce Canyon National Park in Utah . Metamorphic rocks are created by rocks that have been transformed into another kind of rock , usually by some combination of heat , pressure and chemical alteration . An example are the Seneca Rocks in West Virginia . Igneous rocks are created when molten rock cools and solidifies , with or without crystallization . They may be either plutonic bodies or volcanic extrusives . Again , erosive forces sculpt their current forms . An example is Half Dome in Yosemite National Park . Geologists have created a number of terms to describe different rock structures in the landscape that can be formed by natural processes : Inselberg or monadnock is a residual relief feature . It can be an isolated hill , a knob , ridge or small mountain that rises abruptly , like an island , from a gently sloping or virtually level surrounding plain . Inselberg is a German word that means `` island mountain '' . Uluru/Ayers Rock in Australia is a noted example . Peak Stack Mesa Butte Escarpment Gorge Sea cliff River cliff Stone run Crag Tor Promontory is a prominent mass of land which overlooks lower lying land or a body of water . Here is a list of rock formations by continent .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "013c1bd5f11aa53dce7d934e80ecb5bc", "text": "2007 in downloadable songs for the Rock Band series The Rock Band series of music video games supports downloadable songs for the Xbox 360 , PlayStation 3 , and Wii versions through the consoles ' respective online services . Users can download songs on a track-by-track basis , with many of the tracks also offered as part of a `` song pack '' or complete album at a discounted rate . These packs are available for the Wii only on Rock Band 3 . Most downloadable songs are playable within every game mode , including the Band World Tour career mode . All downloadable songs released before October 26 , 2010 are cross-compatible between Rock Band , Rock Band 2 and Rock Band 3 , while those after only work with Rock Band 3 . Certain songs deemed `` suitable for all ages '' by Harmonix are also available for use in Lego Rock Band . The Wii version of Rock Band does not support downloadable content , but Rock Band 2 and Rock Band 3 do , with DLC first made available in January 2009 . Songs from the back catalogue of downloadable content were released for the Wii weekly in an effort by Harmonix to provide Wii players with every previously available song . Following the release of Rock Band 4 for the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One , all previously purchased downloadable content for Rock Band 3 and earlier is forward compatible ( with the exception of any downloadable content purchased for The Beatles : Rock Band ) within the same system family at no additional cost . 32 downloadable Rock Band songs were released in 2007 , 15 of which appeared alongside the launch of Rock Band on November 20 , including song packs for Queens of the Stone Age , Metallica , and The Police .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e33ff682d7ccc1a3b306fc8ca88587e8", "text": "Demo (music) A demo ( from `` demonstration '' ) is a song or group of songs recorded for limited circulation or reference use rather than for general public release . A demo is a way for a musician to approximate their ideas in a fixed format , such as cassette tape , compact disc , or digital audio files , and to thereby pass along those ideas to record labels , record producers , or to other artists . Musicians often use demos as quick sketches to share with bandmates or arrangers or simply for personal reference during the songwriting process ; in other cases a songwriter might make a demo to send to artists in hopes of having the song professionally recorded , or a music publisher may need a simple recording for publishing or copyright purposes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc7db6b3212b8bd8f7832292cf67ee54", "text": "Audio mining Audio mining is a technique by which the content of an audio signal can be automatically analysed and searched . It is most commonly used in the field of automatic speech recognition , where the analysis tries to identify any speech within the audio . The audio will typically be processed by a speech recognition system in order to identify word or phoneme units that are likely to occur in the spoken content . This information may either be used immediately in pre-defined searches for keywords or phrases ( a real-time `` word spotting '' system ) , or the output of the speech recogniser may be stored in an index file . One or more audio mining index files can then be loaded at a later date in order to run searches for keywords or phrases . The results of a search will normally be in terms of hits , which are regions within files that are good matches for the chosen keywords . The user may then be able to listen to the audio corresponding to these hits in order to verify if a correct match was found . Audio mining systems used in the field of speech recognition are often divided into two groups : those that use Large Vocabulary Continuous Speech Recognisers ( LVCSR ) and those that use phonetic recognition . Musical audio mining ( also known as music information retrieval ) relates to the identification of perceptually important characteristics of a piece of music such as melodic , harmonic or rhythmic structure . Searches can then be carried out to find pieces of music that are similar in terms of their melodic , harmonic and/or rhythmic characteristics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54f888ae2962b63e5e8f4364873ac979", "text": "Rock and roll (disambiguation) Rock and roll is a genre of popular music that originated and evolved in the United States during the late 1940s and early 1950s . Rock and roll or Rock n ' roll may also refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "76c540d81a7f85f080dde15c77857a5e", "text": "Traditional heavy metal Traditional heavy metal , also known as classic metal , or traditional metal , is the seminal genre of heavy metal music before the genre `` evolved and splintered into many different styles and subgenres . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33a9611aaceab1f5fc79bb06b9e72b42", "text": "Heavy metal lyrics Heavy metal lyrics are the words used in songs by heavy metal music bands , groups and artists . Given that there are many genres of heavy metal , it is difficult to make generalizations about the lyrics and lyrical themes . In 1989 , two metal scholars wrote that heavy metal lyrics concentrate `` on dark and depressing subject matter to an extent hitherto unprecedented '' in any form of popular music . Jeffrey Arnett states that metal songs are `` overwhelmingly dominated '' by `` ugly and unhappy '' themes which express `` no hope '' for the future . Deena Weinstein has proposed one way to analyze metal song themes is loosely grouping them into two categories : the Dionysian theme ( a reference to the Roman God of wine ) , which celebrates `` sex , drugs and rock and roll '' , partying , and enjoyment of life and the Chaotic theme , which involves dark subjects such as Hell , injustice , mayhem , carnage and death . Not all metal genres fall into Weinstein 's two theme model ; for example power metal 's lyrical themes often focus on fantasy and mythology , camaraderie and hope , personal struggles and emotions , among other themes . Another exception is pop metal bands , which replaced `` gloom and doom '' themes with `` positive , upbeat '' songs about romantic love and relationships , part of their goal of appealing more to female listeners . In metal overall , the small number of metal songs about relationships are typically about unions that have `` gone sour '' long ago . The thematic content of heavy metal lyrics has long been a target of criticism . According to Jon Pareles , `` Heavy metal 's main subject matter is simple and virtually universal . With grunts , moans and subliterary lyrics , it celebrates ... a party without limits ... -LSB- T -RSB- he bulk of the music is stylized and formulaic . '' Music critics have often deemed metal lyrics juvenile and banal , and others have objected to what they see as advocacy of misogyny and the occult . During the 1980s , the Parents Music Resource Center ( PMRC ) petitioned the U.S. Congress to regulate the popular music industry due to what the group asserted were objectionable lyrics , particularly those in heavy metal songs . The PMRC used music professor Joe Stuessy to testify against metal . Professor Stuessy alleged that heavy metal songs focus on violence , substance abuse , perversion , S&M , and Satanism . Robert Walser analyzed 88 metal songs ' themes to determine if Professor Stuessy 's claims were valid . In Walser 's analysis , the dominant theme in the metal songs was `` longing for intensity '' ; he found that the negative themes described by Stuessy and the PMRC were uncommon . Jeffrey Arnett analysed the lyrics from 115 metal songs : he found that the top three messages were `` grim ... themes '' about violence , angst and protest . Metal artists have had to defend their lyrics in front of the U.S. Senate and in courtrooms . In 1985 , Twisted Sister frontman Dee Snider was asked to defend his song Under the Blade at a U.S. Senate hearing . In 1986 , Ozzy Osbourne was sued because of the lyrics of his song Suicide Solution . In 1990 , Judas Priest was sued in American court by the parents of two young men who had shot themselves five years earlier , allegedly after hearing the subliminal statement `` do it '' in a Priest song . While the case attracted a great deal of media attention , it was ultimately dismissed . In some predominantly Muslim countries , heavy metal has been officially denounced as a threat to traditional values . In countries such as Morocco , Egypt , Lebanon , and Malaysia , there have been incidents of heavy metal musicians and fans being arrested and incarcerated .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b520160bb5e59c955b2c66c78969648b", "text": "Social effects of rock music The popularity and worldwide scope of rock music resulted in a powerful impact on society . Rock and roll influenced daily life , fashion , attitudes and language in a way few other social developments have equalled . As the original generations of rock and roll fans matured , the music became an accepted and deeply interwoven thread in popular culture . Beginning in the early 1950s , rock songs and acts began to be used in a few television commercials ; within a decade this practice became widespread , and rock music also featured in film and television program soundtracks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9290bd2c09c49fad40889922836454cf", "text": "Music store A music store or musical instrument store is a retail business that sells musical instruments and related equipment and accessories . In United States and Canada , most music stores in the 2010s sell a range of electric instruments ( e.g. , electric guitars ) , instrument amplifiers ( e.g. , guitar amplifiers ) ; electronic instruments ( e.g. , synthesizers ) ; drum kits ( including drums , cymbals and percussion instruments ) and acoustic classical , concert band and jazz musical instruments such as saxophones , trumpets and violins . In addition , stores typically sell ( and sometimes rent ) the sound reinforcement system and PA system gear used in live concert performances and the sound recording equipment used to record music , such as microphones and digital recorders . In the 2010s , music stores can be `` bricks and mortar '' stores ( either individual small businesses or chain stores , which may be a regional or national chain ) ; online musical instrument stores , which consist of a website describing the merchandise , various online payment systems , and shipping or delivery systems ; or hybrid stores that have both `` bricks and mortar '' stores and an online store . Some `` bricks and mortar '' music stores also provide services for a fee , such as music lessons , musical instrument repair and guitar amplifier repair .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5769efafdfdc996ffa93fcfeb059cdff", "text": "Folk rock Folk rock is a music genre combining elements of folk music and rock music . In its earliest and narrowest sense , the term referred to a genre that arose in the United States and the United Kingdom around the mid-1960s . The genre was pioneered by the Los Angeles band the Byrds , who began playing traditional folk music and songs by Bob Dylan with rock instrumentation . The term `` folk rock '' was coined by the U.S. music press to describe the Byrds ' music in June 1965 , the month in which the band 's debut album was issued . The release of the Byrds ' 1965 cover version of Dylan 's `` Mr. Tambourine Man '' and its subsequent commercial success , along with Dylan 's own recordings with rock instrumentation -- on the albums Bringing It All Back Home ( 1965 ) , Highway 61 Revisited ( 1965 ) , and Blonde on Blonde ( 1966 ) -- initiated an explosion of folk rock groups the mid-1960s . Dylan 's appearance at the Newport Folk Festival on 25 July 1965 , with an electric band backing him , was also a pivotal moment in the development of the genre . A distinct , eclectic style of electric folk was created in Britain and Europe in the late 1960s by Pentangle , Fairport Convention and Alan Stivell . Inspired by British psychedelic folk and the North American style of folk rock , Pentangle , Fairport , and other related bands began to incorporate elements of traditional British folk music into their repertoire . Fairport bassist Ashley Hutchings formed Steeleye Span with traditionalist folk musicians who wished to incorporate overt rock elements into their music , and this led to other variants , including the overtly English folk rock of the Albion Band ( also featuring Hutchings ) and the more prolific current of Celtic rock . In a broader sense , folk rock includes later similarly inspired musical genres and movements in the English-speaking world .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "09bb6d64d0e433e3416dbeeed68f351e", "text": "Boston Boston ( pronounced -LSB- ˈbɒstən -RSB- ) is the capital and most populous city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States . Boston is also the seat of Suffolk County , although the county government was disbanded on July 1 , 1999 . The city proper covers 48 mi2 with an estimated population of 667,137 in 2015 , making it the largest city in New England and the 23rd most populous city in the United States . The city is the economic and cultural anchor of a substantially larger metropolitan area known as Greater Boston , a Metropolitan Statistical Area ( MSA ) home to a census-estimated 4.7 million people in 2014 and ranking as the tenth-largest such area in the country . Alternately , as a Combined Statistical Area ( CSA ) , this wider commuting region is home to some 8.1 million people , making it the sixth-largest as such in the United States . One of the oldest cities in the United States , Boston was founded on the Shawmut Peninsula in 1630 by Puritan settlers from England . It was the scene of several key events of the American Revolution , such as the Boston Massacre , the Boston Tea Party , the Battle of Bunker Hill , and the Siege of Boston . Upon U.S. independence from Great Britain , it continued to be an important port and manufacturing hub as well as a center for education and culture . Through land reclamation and municipal annexation , Boston has expanded beyond the original peninsula . Its rich history attracts many tourists , with Faneuil Hall alone drawing over 20 million visitors per year . Boston 's many firsts include the United States ' first public school , Boston Latin School ( 1635 ) , first subway system , the Tremont Street Subway ( 1897 ) , and first public park , Boston Common ( 1634 ) . The area 's many colleges and universities make Boston an international center of higher education , including law , medicine , engineering , and business , and the city is considered to be a world leader in innovation and entrepreneurship , with nearly 2,000 startups . Boston 's economic base also includes finance , professional and business services , biotechnology , information technology , and government activities . Households in the city claim the highest average rate of philanthropy in the United States ; businesses and institutions rank among the top in the country for environmental sustainability and investment . The city has one of the highest costs of living in the United States as it has undergone gentrification , though it remains high on world livability rankings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "463112a6f1e78cfea67635628f0c0991", "text": "Faneuil Hall Faneuil Hall ( -LSB- ˈfænjəl -RSB- or -LSB- ˈfænəl -RSB- previously -LSB- ˈfʌnəl -RSB- ) , located near the waterfront and today 's Government Center , in Boston , Massachusetts , has been a marketplace and a meeting hall since 1743 . It was the site of several speeches by Samuel Adams , James Otis , and others encouraging independence from Great Britain . Now it is part of Boston National Historical Park and a well-known stop on the Freedom Trail . It is sometimes referred to as `` the Cradle of Liberty '' . In 2008 , Faneuil Hall was rated number 4 in America 's 25 Most Visited Tourist Sites by Forbes Traveler .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "31da541b88708f2575272017d5d83bbc", "text": "Gloucester Lyceum The Gloucester Lyceum ( 1830-1872 ) of Gloucester , Massachusetts , was an association for `` the improvement of its members in useful knowledge , and the advancement of popular education . '' It incorporated in 1831 . From the 1830s through at least the 1860s , the Lyceum arranged lectures from notables such as : Ralph Waldo Emerson , Oliver Wendell Holmes , Sr. , `` the two Everetts , Choate , Sumner , Rantoul , Winthrop , Colfax , Greely , ... Parker , Curtis , Phillips , Bayard Taylor , Dr. Holland , Chapin , Starr King , Hillard , ... Beecher , Giles , Gough , Dr. Hayes , the Arctic explorer , Burlingame , ... Alger , Whipple , Murdoch , Vanderhoff , Bancroft , and Dana . '' From 1830 , `` meetings were held in Union Hall ... until 1844 when the Murray Institute was used for one season prior to the occupancy of the Town Hall . '' In 1854 `` the Lyceum opened its library on Wednesday and Saturday afternoons and evenings , with 1,400 volumes . It was located in the eastern parlor of the residence of F.G. Low on what was then the corner of Spring and Duncan Streets . '' Patrons could use the library for $ 1 per year ; the fee was waived for those unable to afford it . In 1863 the library moved to Front Street ; the building burned down in 1864 . Thereafter it occupied rooms on Middle Street ( in the Baptist church ) , and later on Front Street ( in the Babson block ) . Much of the funding for the library came from `` Samuel E. Sawyer , a Boston merchant , but a native of Gloucester . '' The Lyceum became the Gloucester Lyceum and Sawyer Free Library under a new charter in 1872 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a00c2a1e5f0f5406ffc4022aff3c45e3", "text": "Boylston Street Boylston Street is the name of a major east-west thoroughfare in the city of Boston , Massachusetts . The Boston street was known as Frog Lane in the early 18th century and was later known as Common Street . It was later again renamed for Ward Nicholas Boylston ( 1747 -- 1828 ) , a man of wealth and refinement , an officer of the Crown , and philanthropist . Boylston , who was a descendent of Zabdiel Boylston , was born in Boston and spent much of his life in it . The Boylston Market was named after him as was the town of Boylston , Massachusetts . Another Boylston Street runs through Boston 's western suburbs , Newton and Brookline .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1de9080af0b0ea410b1d387d9cf348f0", "text": "South Boston Boat Clubs Historic District The South Boston Boat Clubs Historic District is a historic district consisting of clubhouse buildings at 1793 -- 1849 William J. Day Boulevard in the South Boston neighborhood of Boston , Massachusetts . The district includes four late-Victorian era clubhouses , which were built on `` made land '' created by filling in mudflats from nearby construction projects . The oldest of the buildings , that of the Boston Harbor Yacht Club , was built in 1898 , but may contain elements as old as 1870 , when the Boston Yacht Club was founded . The district listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0de57655721953fdcf5c83ee048bc8df", "text": "B. F. Sturtevant Company B. F. Sturtevant Company was a Boston-based manufacturer of fans . It became a leader in the manufacture of industrial air cooling and ventilation systems .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68c4dee56f5c59f18cd7c607c347788c", "text": "Boston Braves (AHL) The Boston Braves were a professional ice hockey team in Boston , Massachusetts . They were a member of the American Hockey League from 1971 to 1974 . The early 1970s saw an unprecedented boom in the popularity of hockey in the greater Boston area , fuelled by the success of the Bobby Orr and Phil Esposito-led Boston Bruins . The Bruins had sold out all of their home games at the Boston Garden for years , and the team owners thought that placing their minor-league affiliate in the same arena , made sense on several levels . Previously , the Bruins ' top affiliates were the Hershey Bears of the AHL and the Oklahoma City Blazers of the Central Hockey League . The team was named after the eponymous National League baseball team that had played in Boston until 1953 -- which had been owned by Charles F. Adams , founder of the Bruins , during the 1930s . The first season of the AHL Braves , under coach Bep Guidolin , was wildly successful . Behind a powerful club led by future NHLstars Dan Bouchard and Rich Leduc , and with other veteran minor-leaguers and future NHL players such as Doug Roberts , Ross Brooks , Nick Beverley , Garry Peters and Don Tannahill , the club tied for first place in its division with the powerful Nova Scotia Voyageurs with a 41-21-14 mark , while proving popular enough in Boston to set league records for single-game and single-season attendance that survived for decades . In its second season , however , competition from the WHA 's New England Whalers served to saturate the market . Furthermore , NHL expansion cost the team its best player , Bouchard , who had been picked by the Atlanta Flames , while WHA defections caused the recall of Brooks to the parent club and the departure of Roberts and Peters to the rival league . While scoring declined only slightly , the defense was notably poorer . The team still finished second in the division with a 34-29-13 mark , but attendance had nearly halved . In the Braves ' third and final season , the defense collapsed to the point where the team finished out of the playoffs after a 23-40-13 record . With attendance dwindling further and the ebbing of the hockey boom itself in New England , Bruins ' management decided to suspend the team ; the next season saw the Bruins affiliating with the Rochester Americans . The Bruins maintained the franchise 's existence for many years , paying a nominal fee to the league to keep it dormant , finally selling its rights to the Winnipeg Jets in 1987 so that the Jets could move it to the Maritimes to become the Moncton Hawks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ff4967b1b7e241fa251606054e68a7d", "text": "Town Hall Square Historic District The Town Hall Square Historic District is a historic district encompassing the center of Sandwich , Massachusetts . The original 54 acre district was visually centered on Sandwich Town Hall , Shawme Pond , and the reconstructed Dexter Grist Mill . When first listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975 , it was roughly bounded by Main , Grove , Water Sts. , and Tupper Rd. from Beale Ave. to MA 6A . In 2010 the district was expanded , adding another 170 acre and more than 150 contributing resources . The Town Hall Square area of Sandwich has been an important civic location since the town was established in 1637 . Early in its history the dike was built which impounds Shawme Pond , and a grist mill was established there . It remained an agrarian community , due in part to the lack of a good harbor , until 1825 , when glassmaking began to develop as an industry . Two important civic buildings , the town hall , and the First Church of Christ , were built in 1837 and 1847 , during this period of prosperity , but many older buildings including several First Period houses from the 17th century , also survive in the area . Most of the properties in the district were built after American independence and before 1850 . The expanded district also includes a number of houses from the second half of the 19th century , including several Queen Anne and Shingle style homes . There are four cemeteries in the district , including the original burying ground , whose oldest grave dates to 1663 . There are four churches and two schools in the district , including the 1928 Henry T. Wing School at 35 Water Street , which is the largest building in the district .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "25cd13099660c71aa3ce0bfb088d1d90", "text": "Boston Young Men's Christian Union The Boston Young Men 's Christian Union is an historic building at 48 Boylston Street in Boston , Massachusetts and a liberal Protestant youth association . When Unitarians were excluded from the Boston YMCA ( which was evangelical ) in 1851 , a group of Harvard students founded a Christian discussion group , which was incorporated as the Boston YMCU in 1852 . In 1873 , the organization decided to construct its own building . $ 270,000 was raised , and construction on the original segment completed in 1875 . The building was designed by Nathaniel Jeremiah Bradlee , constructed in a High Victorian Gothic style , and included ground-level retail . Several additions were made , including in 1956 . The building was designated a Boston Landmark by the Boston Landmarks Commission in 1977 and added to the National Historic Register in 1980 . Boston YMCU owned Camp Union , a 600 acre camp , in Greenfield , New Hampshire ( 1929 -- 1993 ) ( now Barbara C. Harris Camp & Convention Center of the Episcopal Diocese of Massachusetts ) . From its renovation in 2003 to 2011 it was called the Boylston Street Athletic Club , and later the Boston Union Gym or BYMCU Athletic Club . The Massachusetts Commission for the Blind moved out in 2012 , and the organization began failing financially . In 2016 , plans were announced to redevelop the site as 46 units of affordable housing , in partnership with the Planning Office for Urban Affairs of the Archdiocese of Boston .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a0bee8b40f56c9a9aeb09160b269eab", "text": "Myles Standish Hall Myles Standish Hall is a Boston University dormitory located at 610 Beacon Street , in Kenmore Square . Originally constructed in 1925 and opened as the Myles Standish Hotel , it was deemed to be one of the finest hotels in the world . In 1949 BU acquired the building and converted it into a dormitory .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "27a6f86e3ac48af16080ff04e85a6a0b", "text": "Boston Housing Authority The Boston Housing Authority ( BHA ) is a public agency of the city of Boston , Massachusetts that provides subsidized public housing to low - and moderate-income families and individuals . In the federal government model of the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development ( HUD ) , BHA is a public housing agency . As such , BHA administers federal government assistance programs and monies for locally subsidized housing . With 70 developments , and serving almost 26,000 people across over 12,600 public housing units , it is the largest public housing authority in New England . It also offers partial subsidies for private housing , assisting another 32,000 people , and administers federal Section 8 vouchers . The agency 's performance is periodically reviewed by a nine-member council , the BHA Monitoring Committee , which reports to the mayor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e789614d1cb0434606f45397dbb50c9", "text": "Second Brazer Building The Second Brazer Building is an historic office building at 25-29 State Street in Boston , Massachusetts . It is a locally significant early Beaux Arts design . The eleven-story skycraper was designed by Cass Gilbert and built in 1897 . It is the only work of Gilbert 's in Boston , and was built in the same year he won the commission for the Minnesota State Capitol . The building is an early local example of a steel frame structure with curtain walls . It has a trapezoidal plan and is 125 feet in height , with identical fenestration patterns on the northern , eastern , and southern facades . The exterior walls are made of limestone for the first three stories and terra cotta for the upper floors . The tower occupies the site of the first meeting house in Boston , erected in 1632 ; a plaque on the north facade of the building marks its former location . The land was subsequently acquired in the early nineteenth century by John Brazer , a local merchant , and in 1842 his heirs constructed the first Brazer Building , a three-story Greek Revival structure designed by Isaiah Rogers . The original Brazer building stood on the site until 1896 , when it was removed to make way for the current tower . The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986 . It was designated as a Boston Landmark by the Boston Landmarks Commission on July 9 , 1985 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c3b695d6fad1f9e247b394a303446e3d", "text": "Boston Music Hall The Boston Music Hall was a concert hall located on Winter Street in Boston , Massachusetts , with an additional entrance on Hamilton Place . One of the oldest continuously operating theaters in the United States , it was built in 1852 and was the original home of the Boston Symphony Orchestra . The hall closed in 1900 and was converted into a vaudeville theater named the Orpheum Theatre . The Orpheum , which still stands today , was substantially rebuilt in 1915 by architect Thomas W. Lamb as a movie theater . The hall has no connection with Boston 's `` Music Hall '' , a theater which is now known as the Wang Theatre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8a8ce63ec32f954243eee32e2632fb5", "text": "Sever Hall Sever Hall is a notable building designed by famed American architect H. H. Richardson and built in the late 1870s . It is located on the grounds of Harvard University in Cambridge , Massachusetts , within Harvard Yard . It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1970 , recognized as one of Richardson 's mature masterpieces .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c0e3d897fd2fcb88881f93bcbcf1628", "text": "The Lowell The Lowell is an historic triple decker apartment house on 33 Lexington Avenue in Cambridge , Massachusetts . Built in 1900 to a design by local architect John Hasty , it is a rare multiunit building in the Brattle Street area outside Harvard Square . The Colonial Revival building has a swan 's neck pediment above the center entry , which is echoed above the central second story windows . Doric pilasters separate the bays of the front facade , and the building distinctively has side porches , giving it added horizontal massing . It was built before the decision was made to locate the electrified trolleys on Mount Auburn Street instead of Brattle ( under pressure from wealthy Brattle Street residents ) , a decision that reduced interest in building more multiunit housing in that area . The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "177e918fb0a2e92d2fe76c20a11b47f8", "text": "Hibernian Hall (Boston, Massachusetts) The Hibernian Hall is a historic building at 182-186 Dudley Street in the Roxbury neighborhood of Boston , Massachusetts . The four story brick building was designed by Edward Thomas Patrick Graham , and built in 1913 for the Ancient Order of Hibernians , an Irish Catholic fraternal organization . It was the first of several Hibernian halls to be built in Roxbury , it is now one of only two Irish dance halls from the period to survive . Its ground floor was originally occupied by storefronts , with offices of the organization and a banquet hall on the second floor , and a large hall ( capacity 600 ) on the third floor , which included a fourth-floor balcony . It remained a gathering place for local Irish residents through the 1960s , and was taken by foreclosure in 1960 . It was then taken over by a non-profit focused on job training for local African Americans , which operated there until 1989 . The building interior has suffered due to neglect and vandalism , but the basic form of the upper concert hall has survived . The hall listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65392032384368ed2bc2b074dbcadeb4", "text": "Sports in Boston Boston , the capital city of the U.S. state of Massachusetts and largest city in the New England region of the northeastern United States , is home to several major league sports teams , including the Red Sox ( baseball ) , the Celtics ( basketball ) and the Bruins ( ice hockey ) . The New England Patriots ( American football ) and the New England Revolution ( soccer ) play at Gillette Stadium in nearby Foxborough , Massachusetts . Several Boston-area colleges and universities are also active in college athletics . Sports are a major part of the city 's culture ( as well as the culture of the Greater Boston area ) . Boston sports fans are known for their fanatical devotion to the Red Sox and knowledge of the team 's history . Fenway Park , home of the Red Sox , is the oldest ballpark in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) and holds a legendary status among baseball fans . Boston is the only city in professional sports in which all facilities are privately owned and operated . The Patriots own Gillette Stadium , the Red Sox own Fenway Park , and TD Garden is owned by Delaware North , owner of the Bruins . The Celtics rent TD Garden from Delaware North . In the 2000s , Boston 's professional teams had arguably the most successful decade in sports history , winning ten championships ( five by the Patriots , three by the Red Sox and one each by the Celtics and Bruins ) . When the Bruins won the 2011 Stanley Cup Finals , the city of Boston became the first city in the 21st century to have all four of its major professional league teams win a league championship , and it is the only city ever to have championships in all four major professional leagues within a ten-year span ( from the Patriots ' victory in February 2002 to the Bruins ' in June 2011 ) . In just ten years , between February 2002 and June 2011 , Boston 's teams completed what Sports Illustrated dubbed as the `` Grand Slam of North American sports . '' With the Patriots ' victory over the Seattle Seahawks in Super Bowl XLIX , the four major Boston-area sports teams completed a grand-slam in six years ( the 2008 Celtics , the 2011 Bruins , the 2013 Red Sox and the 2014 Patriots ) . Beyond that , several of the teams were league finalists : the Revolution four times , the Patriots twice and the Bruins and Celtics once apiece . With the Bruins reaching the 2011 Stanley Cup Finals , this allowed Boston to join Philadelphia as being the only cities to have had all of their teams play in each of the four major North American professional sports leagues ' title rounds since 2000 , following the Patriots in Super Bowls XXXVI in 2002 , XXXVIII in 2004 , XXXIX in 2005 , XLII in 2008 , XLVI in 2012 , XLIX in 2015 , and LI in 2017 and winning all of them , except Super Bowl XLII and XLVI , the Red Sox winning World Series titles in ( ending the Curse of the Bambino ) , , and , and the Celtics in the NBA Finals in and and winning in 2008 . In addition , Boston beat out Philadelphia for playing in all of the `` big '' league championship rounds in the shortest time in the new millennium , as it took 9 years for Philadelphia to achieve this feat ; Boston needed only three years and eight months . From 2004 to 2015 , all four Boston major league teams have each reached the championship rounds two times or more .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e0b05e86e910b0890ecb56cd931cf1e", "text": "Massachusetts General Court The Massachusetts General Court ( formally styled the General Court of Massachusetts ) is the state legislature of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts . The name `` General Court '' is a hold-over from the earliest days of the Massachusetts Bay Colony , when the colonial assembly , in addition to making laws , sat as a judicial court of appeals . Before the adoption of the state constitution in 1780 , it was called the Great and General Court , but the official title was shortened by John Adams , author of the state constitution . It is a bicameral body . The upper house is the Massachusetts Senate which is composed of 40 members . The lower body , the Massachusetts House of Representatives , has 160 members . ( Until 1978 , it had 240 members ) It meets in the Massachusetts State House on Beacon Hill in Boston . The current President of the Senate is Stan Rosenberg , and the Speaker of the House is Robert DeLeo . Democrats hold super-majorities in both chambers . State Senators and Representatives both serve two-year terms .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a07345e6f0cab9703e1eaf7b9e9056b5", "text": "Boston House The Boston House ( also known as Cresthaven ) is a historic building in downtown Fort Pierce , Florida . It is located at 239 South Indian River Drive ( County Road 707 ) . On April 11 , 1985 , it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places . It is recognized for its unique mixture of Neo-classical and Georgian architecture . It is also recognized for its part in local history . On April 18 , 2012 , the AIA 's Florida Chapter placed the building on its list of Florida Architecture : 100 Years . 100 Places as Cresthaven/Boston House .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "44421d9d3b44eccac51c7533c461c7ee", "text": "National Register of Historic Places listings in Suffolk County, Massachusetts __ NOTOC __ This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Suffolk County , Massachusetts . This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Suffolk County , Massachusetts , United States . Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts ; these locations may be seen together in a map . There are over 300 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county , including 58 National Historic Landmarks . The city of Boston is the location of more than 275 of these properties and districts , including 57 National Historic Landmarks ; they are listed separately . Properties and districts located in the county 's other three municipalities are listed here .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a6dbf9fa7f29b4b36747b709e32b482", "text": "Boston (disambiguation) Boston is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Massachusetts . Boston may also refer to :", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "2ad6a06d404be17b236d42079724b42e", "text": "Svitavy Svitavy ( -LSB- ˈsvɪtavɪ -RSB- ; Zwittau ) is a town in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic . The town has a population of 18,000 and is also the district administrative centre . It is the birthplace of Oskar Schindler and an important center of the Czech Esperanto movement , with an Esperanto museum that is part of the city museum .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "5e4db54d2b51c95adbe1dd365588d0d0", "text": "Shatsk, Russia Shatsk is a town and the administrative center of Shatsky District in Ryazan Oblast , Russia , located on the Shacha River ( Tsna 's tributary ) 145 km southeast of Ryazan , the administrative center of the oblast . Population :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc35255b82b84751b5eefc3f8e5f2f7f", "text": "Rural council (Ukraine) A rural council or officially , village council ( сільська́ ра́́да , silska rada ) , often shortened to ( сільра́́да , silrada ) is a local government area that is associated with rural populated places in Ukraine . These populated places can refer to either villages ( село , selo ) or rural settlements ( селище , selysche ) . Their status was defined by a 1997 Verkhovna Rada law `` On the Local Self-Government of Ukraine . '' In 2015 , there was a total of 10,279 rural councils .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9af07a4889bcaf96c18ad41b6d857851", "text": "Vinnytsia Vinnytsia ( -LSB- Ві́нниця , Vinnytsia -RSB- , -LSB- ˈβinːɪt͡sʲɐ -RSB- ; -LSB- Ви́нница , Vinnitsa -RSB- Winnica Winniza , and Vinița ) is a city in west-central Ukraine , located on the banks of the Southern Bug . It is the administrative center of Vinnytsia Oblast and the largest city in the historic region of Podillia . Administratively , it is incorporated as a town of oblast significance . It also serves as an administrative center of Vinnytsia Raion , one of the 27 districts of Vinnytsia Oblast , though it is not a part of the district . Population : A historic city known since Middle Ages and a former Soviet Cold War-airbase , Vinnytsia is now a modern cosmopolitan city .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "23ff7d4b0efe594ae602289e640e0ee8", "text": "Novyi Svit Novyi Svit ( Новий Світ , Novyi Svit -LSB- Но́вый Свет , r = Novy Svet -RSB- Novıy Svet literally : ` New World ' or more correctly ` New Community ' ) is a resort , an urban-type settlement in Sudak Municipality in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea , a territory recognized by a majority of countries as part of Ukraine and incorporated by Russia as the Republic of Crimea . It is known for Novyi Svit sparkling wine produced there . Champagne production was introduced into Novyi Svit by a local landowner , Prince Lev Golitsyn , in the late 19th century . Population : The town is situated in a very scenic area where numerous Soviet movies were filmed . It boasts some fine beaches , a couple of resort hotels ( one of which was supposed to be for Soviet cosmonauts ) , a several km tunnel inside a mountain where a factory stores its products , and a large juniper forest .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "20a0a38d2f51185071df21aff226f0dc", "text": "Švábov Švábov ( -LSB- ˈʃvaːbof -RSB- ) is a village and municipality ( obec ) in Jihlava District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic . The municipality covers an area of 5 km2 , and has a population of 83 ( as at 2 October 2006 ) . Švábov lies approximately 20 km south-west of Jihlava and 110 km south-east of Prague .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f750a2cad8e17ef9493d190cc89038a", "text": "Lubná (Svitavy District) Lubná is a village and municipality ( obec ) in Svitavy District in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic . The municipality covers an area of 19.86 km2 , and has a population of 1,019 ( as at 3 July 2006 ) . Lubná lies approximately 19 km west of Svitavy , 43 km south-east of Pardubice , and 133 km east of Prague .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "29154cc703173594a44e2b76ebb5e1e9", "text": "Vsetín Vsetín ( -LSB- ˈfsɛciːn -RSB- ) is a town in Zlín Region of the Czech Republic . It has around 28,500 inhabitants and lies on the Vsetínská Bečva river . The area around Vsetín , called Vsetínsko , is spread out on the foothills of the Vsetín , Hostýn and Vizovice Highlands around the Bečva River . This area features the remains of log houses and cultural monuments of significant importance mainly in Vsetín itself . The folk culture has been kept alive by Wallachian song and dance groups for many decades . Originally a small town , Vsetín has become an important centre of industrial , economic , cultural and sports life during the last century .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f0bff27d24a9c4babb0366e6dae8917", "text": "Svietlahorsk Svietlahorsk ( , -LSB- sʲvʲetɫaˈɣorsk -RSB- , Svetlogorsk , until 1961 Šacilki , ) is a town in the Svietlahorsk District of Gomel Region of Belarus , the administrative center of the rajon ( district ) . It is located by the Berezina River and has 68,593 inhabitants ( 2015 estimate ) . Svietlаhorsk-na-Biarezinie ( Svietlаhorsk on Biarezina ) is also a railroad station on the Zhlobin -- Kalinkavichy railway line .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93f89ac32c9a4ee1b0b182e3a1baf3a0", "text": "Květná (Svitavy District) Květná is a village and municipality ( obec ) in Svitavy District in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic . The municipality covers an area of 9.01 km2 , and has a population of 315 ( as at 2 October 2006 ) . Květná lies approximately 10 km west of Svitavy , 53 km south-east of Pardubice , and 144 km east of Prague .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66aee25a43b575d3ffa38684569ad0dd", "text": "Svistunovo Svistunovo is the name of several rural localities in Russia . Svistunovo , Moscow Oblast , a village in Vozdvizhenskoye Rural Settlement of Klinsky District in Moscow Oblast Svistunovo , Rameshkovsky District , Tver Oblast , a village in Zastolbye Rural Settlement of Rameshkovsky District in Tver Oblast Svistunovo , Staritsky District , Tver Oblast , a village in Arkhangelskoye Rural Settlement of Staritsky District in Tver Oblast Svistunovo , Vologda Oblast , a village in Rostilovsky Selsoviet of Gryazovetsky District in Vologda Oblast Svistunovo , Yaroslavl Oblast , a village in Maryinsky Rural Okrug of Danilovsky District in Yaroslavl Oblast", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7cea47398edad11a06a2a517a94c15e3", "text": "Svevia Svevia is an independent public company which builds and operates roads and infrastructure in Sweden . Svevia is the fourth largest civil engineering company in the country , with approximately 2,800 employees and a turnover of SEK 7.9 billion ( in 2009 ) . It is the largest road operation and maintenance company in Sweden . Svevia has its origins in the production division of the former Swedish Road Administration ( Vägverket ) . The company headquarters is in Solna . The chairman is Christina Rogestam and the president and CEO is Torbjörn Torell . The name `` Svevia '' is also the Italian-language exonym for Swabia , a historical region of Germany .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e56db8659dbd25edf59be204b1fbc03f", "text": "Mount Kholodilnik Kholodilnik Mountain ( гора́ Холоди́льник or со́пка Холодильник lit . `` Mt. Refrigerator '' ) , is a mountain in eastern Russia . It is located in Primorsky Krai , and is in the highest peak within the city of Vladivostok . Mount Kholodilnik ( height 257.9 , was-Mount Myravyov-Amursky ) is the highest point in Vladivostok . Height is 297 meters . There are fortifications : Fort Count Muravyov - Amur Vladivostok fortress , five lettered fortress batteries and Soviet battery № 198 '' Kholodilnik '' . Currently , some fortifications are abandoned , others are on the territory of the military unit . Tourists want to visit this place to see the Soviet naval battery sample number 198 1935 years and four 130 - mm gun B - 13-3s . There are still buildings and cellars of the former fort of Major-General Count Nikolai Muravyov - Amursky . Many fortifications have long been abandoned , but some of them are now used by the military unit , which is located almost at the top of the mountain . On the eastern slope of the hill there are many places for a picnic . There is a spring of pure water . Geologically the hills to the south of Vladivostok are the Sikhote-Alin . Slopes on the mountain are used for the open championship of the Far East for downhill and cross-country . It is also used by mountain paragliders . So the rules are elements of air , the result of magical work on the hill Fridge is always weather changing . Therefore , if the weather in city changes completely unexpected , for example suddenly among of the blue sky clouds are formed and it begins to rain , most likely the reason for that is in the magical effect on a hill Fridge . Or , conversely , when the whole sky is overcast over the city , citizens can see in the sky a large circle of clear sky over the hill forts Refrigerator - It is an evidence of that at this moment being magical work is . Entrance to the mountain , oddly enough , is under water . Every 3 years products are imported there in the event of war , then they `` close '' the entrance to this place . They say that the food will last for a whole year to feed the city of Vladivostok . Mount Refrigerator is protected with naval vessels .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b5aae40d5f15c995b7bdcbc91aa8120", "text": "Putyvl Putyvl , Putyvl ' or Putivl is a city in north-east Ukraine , in Sumy Oblast . Currently about 20,000 people live in Putyvl .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "959ff5d6012216cb893115c34b18436a", "text": "Severia Severia or Siveria ( Сѣверія , Сіверія or Сіверщина , translit . Siveria or Sivershchyna , , Severshchina ; Siewierszczyzna ) is a historical region in present-day northern Ukraine , eastern Belarus and southwestern Russia , centered on the city of Novhorod-Siverskyi in Ukraine .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f422e00dd4120b07477fbbd23302380e", "text": "Nová Sídla Nová Sídla is a village and municipality ( obec ) in Svitavy District in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic . The municipality covers an area of 2.94 km2 , and has a population of 238 ( as at 2 October 2006 ) . Nová Sídla lies approximately 22 km north-west of Svitavy , 38 km south-east of Pardubice , and 133 km east of Prague .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a651ce1c0695f6fc4e89a05e7927b20f", "text": "Great Moravia Great Moravia ( regnum Marahensium , Μεγάλη Μοραβία -- megale Moravia , Velká Morava , Veľká Morava , Wielka Morawia ) , the Great Moravian Empire , ( historiographical terms -- original formal name is unknown ) or simply Moravia , was the first major state that was predominantly Slavonic to emerge in the area of Central Europe . Its core territories were located on the Morava river which gave its name to the kingdom . `` Morava '' in both Czech and Slovak refers to both the river and the land of Moravia - the medieval Margraviate of Moravia , which is now the eastern part of the Czech Republic . The river Morava flows south through the whole of Moravia , later forming the present-day border between the Czech Republic and Slovakia before finally becoming the border between Slovakia and Austria ( where it is called the March in German ) . The kingdom saw the rise of the first ever Slavic literary culture in the Old Church Slavonic language . After the fall of Great Moravia , its core territory was gradually divided between the newly ascending Czech Kingdom ( Bohemia ) and Hungarian Kingdom : the frontier was originally settled on the Morava river ( the Czech Kingdom to its west , and Hungary - present-day Slovakia - to its east ) . However , from the 12th century , the Czech kings managed to gain more and more of the region on the eastern bank - eventually gaining the whole stretch of the eastern territory from Uherské Hradiště down to Strážnice , and this region retained its non-Czech identity in its designation `` Slovácko '' as an alternative dialectal for `` Slovakia '' . After this , the Czech-Hungarian border shifted east to the White Carpathians . The core region of Great Moravia along the Morava river , thus divided between the present-day Moravia and Slovakia , has retained a unique culture in the rich folklore tradition both on the western bank of the Morava ( including the southern Záluží region ) and the eastern bank - the Slovácko ( in Moravia ) and Záhorie ( in Slovakia ) . Záhorie also boasts the only surviving building from Great Moravian times - the chapel at Kopčany just across the Morava from the archaeological site of Mikulčice . The core of Great Moravia was established , according to legend , in the early 830s , when Prince Mojmír I ( -LSB- moimi : r -RSB- ) crossed the Morava and conquered the principality of Nitra ( present-day western Slovakia ) . The former principality of Nitra was used as the údelné kniežatsvo , or the territory given to , and ruled by , the successor to the throne , traditionally the nephew ( sister 's son ) of the ruling kъnendzь or Prince . The extent and location of Great Moravia are a subject of debate . Rival theories place the center of it either south of the river Danube ( the river Morava in Serbia ) or on the Great Hungarian Plain . The exact date when the Moravian state was founded is also disputed , but it probably occurred in the early 830s under Prince Mojmír I , ( r. 820s/830s -- 846 ) , who is the first known ruler of the united Moravia . Mojmír and his successor , Rastislav ( `` Rostislav '' in Czech ) , who ruled from 846 to 870 , initially acknowledged the suzerainty of the Carolingian monarchs , but the Moravian fight for independence caused a series of armed conflicts with East Francia beginning in the 840s . Moravia reached its largest territorial extent under Svätopluk I , ( Svatopluk in Czech ) , who ruled from 870 to 894 , and who was occasionally styled as king in contemporaneous sources . Although the borders of his empire can not be exactly determined , he controlled the core territories of Moravia as well as other neighbouring regions , including Bohemia , most of Slovakia and parts of Slovenia , Hungary , Poland and Ukraine , for some periods of his reign . Separatism and internal conflicts emerging after Svätopluk 's death contributed to the fall of Great Moravia , which was overrun by the Hungarians . The exact date of Moravia 's collapse is unknown , but it occurred between 902 and 907 . Moravia experienced significant cultural development under Prince Rastislav , with the arrival in 863 of the mission of Saints Cyril and Methodius . Rastislav had asked the Byzantine emperor to send a `` teacher '' ( učitelja ) to introduce literacy and a legal system ( pravьda ) to Great Moravia . The brothers Cyril and Methodius introduced a system of writing ( the Glagolitic alphabet ) and Slavonic liturgy , the latter eventually formally approved by Pope Adrian II . The Glagolitic script was probably invented by Cyril himself and the language he used for his translations of holy scripts and his original literary creation was based on the Slavic dialect he and his brother Methodius knew from their native Thessaloniki . The language , termed Old Church Slavonic , was the direct ancestral language for Bulgarian , and therefore also referred to as Old Bulgarian . Old Church Slavonic , therefore , differed somewhat from the local Slavic dialect of Great Moravia which was the ancestral idiom to the later dialects spoken in Moravia and western Slovakia . Later , the disciples of Cyril and Methodius were expelled from Great Moravia by King Svätopluk I. Arriving in the First Bulgarian Empire , the disciples continued the Cyrilo-Methodian mission and the Glagolitic script was superseded by Cyrillic . The Cyrillic script and translations of the liturgy were disseminated to other Slavic countries , particularly in the Balkans and Kievan Rus ' , charting a new path in these Slavic nations ´ cultural development .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4142e6f7a796f5d170826af630639e7e", "text": "Jarošov (Svitavy District) Jarošov is a village and municipality ( obec ) in Svitavy District in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic . The municipality covers an area of 5.12 km2 , and has a population of 186 ( as at 3 July 2006 ) . Jarošov lies approximately 23 km west of Svitavy , 37 km south-east of Pardubice , and 129 km east of Prague .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d4c22a31d33b828d3cfc16f0cffb6749", "text": "Sovetsky City District, Kazan Sovetsky City District ( Сове́тский район -LSB- Сове́т районы́ , Sowet rayonı -RSB- ) is a city district of Kazan , the capital of the Republic of Tatarstan , Russia . It occupies the northeastern and eastern parts of Kazan , and is the most populous district of the city . Its area is 167 km2 . Population : The head of the district is Rustem Gafarov . The district has one of the three largest in the city and the latest among them the time construction ( 1990s ) `` sleeping '' area Azino ( south-eastern part of the area ) , residential areas along the Siberian tract and Arskii fields Territories microdistricts Tankodrom , Adel Kutuy ( in common parlance - Adelka ) , a large urban-type settlement Derbyshki and several other peripheral settlements , including included in the city of Kazan has recently ( in 1998 and 2004 ) as well as several large industrial enterprises in industrial zones . The district extends seal of existing and new construction of `` sleeping '' microdistricts of mass residential development - Kazan - XXI ( formerly Takeoff in place of the old airport ) Culon-stroy and other . According to the general plan of city development , planned renovation of the residential quarters of industrial zones along the street Guards in south-western part of the district , as well as the newly annexed to the city ( in 2004 . ) Unused areas - development through enterprise , derived from the inner city , industrial area east of Kazankompressormash ) and the construction of no less than Azino new `` sleeping '' area of mass multi-storey buildings Zanoksinskiy-Novoe Azino , Azino-east of the locality Voznesenskoye . Previously , before 1956 the main part of the district was the Molotovskiy district which in 1934 was split from the eastern part of the Bauman district ( formed in 1918 ) . In the district there are : 17 industrial enterprises 17 building organizations 17 enterprises of transport and communication 19 research institutes and design bureaus 39 schools and 2 schools for young workers 7 professional schools 5 colleges 67 kindergartens 33 health care more than 130 sports facilities , including a unique stadium `` Raketa ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e2d4faf4af151a6d04a439e140a29574", "text": "Karle (Svitavy District) Karle ( -LSB- ˈkarlɛ -RSB- , Karlsbrunn ) is a village and municipality in Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic located about 8 km west of Svitavy . It has a population of 395 ( 2007 ) . First written mention of the village ( Karelsprun ) dates back to 1336 . Category : Villages in Svitavy District", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc08aafcd0047e43c16ff33e30b8aec5", "text": "Svetly Svetly ( masculine ) , Svetlaya ( feminine ) , or Svetloye ( neuter ) may refer to : Svetly Urban Settlement , a municipal formation which the Settlement of Svetly in Mirninsky District of the Sakha Republic , Russia is incorporated as Svetloye Urban Settlement , a municipal formation which the urban-type settlement of Svetlaya in Terneysky District of Primorsky Krai , Russia is incorporated as Svetly ( inhabited locality ) , several inhabited localities in Russia Svetlaya River , a river in Primorsky Krai , Russia Svetlîi ( Svetly ) , a commune in Gagauzia , Moldova", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "177bb18c7f02cf1fd38b1ca75a1e6783", "text": "The Weeknd The Weeknd ( born Abel Makkonen Tesfaye ; February 16 , 1990 ) is a Canadian singer , songwriter , and record producer . The Weeknd initially gained recognition after anonymously uploading several songs to YouTube in late 2010 . This allowed him to release of his debut mixtape , House of Balloons , in early 2011 . He released two further independent projects later that year , Thursday and Echoes of Silence , before signing to Republic Records in September 2012 . The three mixtapes received widespread critical acclaim upon release , and proceeded the release of the compilation album Trilogy . In 2013 , he released his debut studio album Kiss Land , which debuted at number two on the Billboard 200 . It was later confirmed to have sold over 273,000 copies in the United States . The Weeknd released his second album , Beauty Behind the Madness , in 2015 , breaking chart records in the process . It saw him become the first ever artist to have simultaneously held the top three spots on the Billboard Hot R&B Songs chart , with `` Earned It '' , `` The Hills '' , and `` Ca n't Feel My Face '' . It also became his first number one album on the US Billboard 200 , and saw triple platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . The album additionally oversaw his first Grammy Award win for Best Urban Contemporary Album , as well as `` Earned It '' winning Best R&B Performance . He won both awards at the 58th Annual Grammy Awards ceremony in 2016 . He released his third studio album , Starboy , in 2016 to generally positive critical reception . The album 's title track topped the chart in several countries , including the U.S. , the UK and Canada , and became The Weeknd 's third number-one single . It gave him his second consecutive number one album , which also later saw platinum certification . Alongside his Grammy Award wins , The Weeknd has won nine Juno Awards and two American Music Awards . He has also founded the record label XO , and is a producer under both his given and stage names .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "5258f5d681632bb99f0fb4798a22282a", "text": "Merry Christmas II You Merry Christmas II You is the second Christmas album and thirteenth studio album by American singer and songwriter Mariah Carey . It was released by Island Records on November 2 , 2010 . Recording began in April 2010 and continued while Carey became pregnant . She was the executive producer of Merry Christmas II You and worked with various record producers , including Bryan-Michael Cox , Jermaine Dupri , Randy Jackson , James Poyser , Marc Shaiman , James `` Big Jim '' Wright and Johnny `` Sev '' Severin of RedOne . The album features Carey 's mother Patricia Carey as a guest vocalist on `` O Come All Ye Faithful '' / `` Hallelujah Chorus '' . The album is composed of original songs and covers , ballads and uptempo tracks . It incorporates R&B , soul and house music in its composition . The album received mixed reviews from music critics , who complimented its relaxed yet lively and contemporary feel , while others felt it was predictable and too overproduced in places . It debuted at number four on the United States Billboard 200 album chart , and reached number one on both the Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums and Holiday Albums chart . It was later certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , denoting shipments exceeding 500,000 copies . Elsewhere , however , the album failed to make an impact , reaching the top thirty in Australia and Hungary , and the top fifty in Austria and Italy . It missed out on the top one-hundred in the United Kingdom by one position , peaking at one-hundred and one on the albums chart . The album produced four singles , including the US Adult Contemporary record-breaking song `` Oh Santa ! '' . It reached number-one in its second week , the quickest ascent in the history of the chart and the only song to do so . Other singles included `` Auld Lang Syne ( The New Year 's Anthem ) '' , a single release version of `` When Christmas Comes '' in 2011 with John Legend and `` Christmas Time Is in the Air Again '' in 2012 . To support the album , Carey made promotional appearances on The Ellen DeGeneres Show and Lopez Tonight , and hosted her own television special called Mariah Carey : Merry Christmas to You .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dab9947ccfbc33db1d18211799aaa244", "text": "List of number-one dance singles of 2014 (U.S.) The U.S. Dance Club Songs chart is published weekly by Billboard . It compiles the weeks most popular songs from a sample of reporting DJ 's around the country . The first number-one song of 2014 was `` Unconditionally '' by Katy Perry . With remixes by Syn Cole , Manufactured Superstars , Tracy Young and Country Club Martini Crew , it became her twelfth consecutive chart topper , extending her own record for the most number-ones in a row in the thirty-seven year history of the chart . Perry achieved a further three number one singles during the year -- `` Dark Horse '' featuring Juicy J , `` Birthday '' and `` This Is How We Do '' -- with the last becoming her record-extending fifteenth consecutive number-one . Beyoncé was one of three acts to top the chart three times , beginning with `` Blow '' , then `` Partition '' and her twenty-second in total , `` Pretty Hurts '' . Iggy Azalea and Dave Audé achieved three number-ones ; the former with `` Fancy '' featuring Charli XCX , `` Black Widow '' featuring Rita Ora and `` Booty '' , a collaboration with Jennifer Lopez , and Audé with `` Take Me Away '' , `` Aftermath ( Here We Go ) '' and `` Hustlin . Demi Lovato topped the chart twice with `` Neon Lights '' and `` Really Do n't Care '' featuring Cher Lloyd . `` Somebody Loves You '' became Betty Who 's first song to top the chart . Fedde Le Grand and Gregor Salto produced remixes of Mariah Carey 's song `` You 're Mine ( Eternal ) '' , garnering the singer her seventeenth number-one since she first topped the chart with `` Someday '' in 1991 . `` Painkillr '' , by Erika Jayne , became her seventh consecutive number-one on the chart . In addition to `` Black Widow '' , Ora 's own `` I Will Never Let You Down '' topped the chart in June . Enrique Iglesias became the male artist with the most number-one songs in history , with `` Bailando '' featuring Descemer Bueno and Gente de Zona becoming his thirteenth . `` Ca n't Remember to Forget You '' , a song by Shakira featuring Rihanna , became the former 's sixth and the latter 's twenty-second number-one in April , making Rihanna the second artist with the most entries after Madonna . Shakira also topped the chart with `` Dare ( La La La ) '' in July . Zhu 's song `` Faded '' topped the chart on December 20 . A writer for Complex was surprised that the song only reached number-one in December despite being commercially released in September , writing `` While I 'd love to say that it 's because the song is just that damn good ( which it is ) , Billboard says it 's been helped by the number of remixes from Odesza , Amtrac , and The Magician . '' `` Never Say Never '' by Basement Jaxx became the most-played track of the year from the national sample , ranking atop the Dance Club Songs 2014 year-end chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f501bca0cd78ba1f30657e298cc11aa4", "text": "List of Billboard 200 number-one albums of 1983 The Billboard 200 , published in Billboard magazine , is a weekly chart that ranks the highest-selling music albums and EPs in the United States . In 1983 , the name of the chart was Top LPs & Tape . Before Nielsen SoundScan began tracking sales in 1991 , Billboard estimated sales from a representative sampling of record stores nationwide , using telephone , fax or messenger service . Data were based on rankings made by the record stores of the best-selling records , not on actual sales figures . There were six number-one albums on this chart in 1983 , including the debut album of the Australian band Men at Work , Business as Usual , which spent the last seven weeks of 1982 and the first eight weeks of 1983 at number one , and was certified quadruple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) in 1984 . Thriller , the sixth studio album by recording artist Michael Jackson , was released on November 1982 . It peaked at number one for twenty-two non-consecutive weeks in 1983 with another fifteen consecutive weeks at the top into the following year , and seven songs from the album became top ten singles between late 1982 and early 1984 . Two of them : `` Billie Jean '' and `` Beat It '' , reached the top position of the Billboard Hot 100 . Thriller won eight Grammy Awards , including Album of the Year at the 26th Grammy Awards , and was the best-selling album of 1983 with more than fifteen million copies sold . In 2008 , twenty-five years after its release , the record was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame , and a few weeks later , it was among twenty-five recordings preserved by the Library of Congress to the National Recording Registry as `` culturally significant '' . Flashdance , the soundtrack to the 1983 musical and romance film of the same name , peaked at number one for two weeks and won the Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture . The two singles released from the album , `` Flashdance ... What a Feeling '' by Irene Cara , and `` Maniac '' by Michael Sembello , reached the top of the singles chart in 1983 . The New York Times considered the British band The Police to be the year 's most influential rock band . Australian , British , and American bands copied the white-reggae formula of their ( The Police 's ) earlier successes . The group released their fifth and final studio album , Synchronicity , in 1983 . The album , a varied accomplished blend of rock , funk , and third-world rhythms , stayed at number one for seventeen weeks and was certified four times platinum by the RIAA in 1984 . Metal Health , the third album by heavy metal band Quiet Riot , peaked at number one for one week , becoming the first heavy metal record to reach the top of the Billboard 200 . Singer-songwriter Lionel Richie released his second album Ca n't Slow Down in 1983 , which spent three weeks at the top and won the Grammy Award for Album of the Year at the 27th Grammy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "98a3d145e6f48110d5738dbc738998d9", "text": "Culture (Migos album) Culture ( stylized as C U L T U R E ) is the second studio album by American hip hop group Migos . It was released on January 27 , 2017 , by Quality Control Music , 300 Entertainment and Atlantic Records . The album features guest appearances from DJ Khaled , Gucci Mane , 2 Chainz , Travis Scott and Lil Uzi Vert , while the production was handled by Metro Boomin and Murda Beatz , among others . The album was supported by three singles : `` Bad and Boujee '' featuring Lil Uzi Vert , `` T-Shirt '' and `` Slippery '' featuring Gucci Mane . Culture received generally positive reviews from critics and debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 . It also topped the US Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums chart , becoming Migos ' first number one album on both charts . It also debuted at number one on the Canadian Albums Chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5dd26717a6a403cb827f5ec4e1986cd", "text": "Country Grammar Country Grammar is the debut studio album by American rapper Nelly . It was released on June 27 , 2000 , by Universal Records ( who released the album after listening to demos by Nelly , before signing a record deal with the rapper in 1999 ) . The production on the album was handled by Jason `` Jay E '' Epperson , with additional production by C-Love , Kevin Law , City Spud , Steve `` Blast '' Wills and Basement Beats . Nelly contributed to all lyrics on the album , with Epperson and City Spud also contributing . The album introduced a unique Saint Louis , Midwestern sound , and introduces Nelly 's vocal style of pop-rap singalongs and Midwestern , Missouri twang . It was supported four successful singles : `` Country Grammar ( Hot Shit ) '' , `` E.I. '' , `` Ride wit Me '' and `` Batter Up '' . Its lead single , `` Country Grammar ( Hot Shit ) '' , peaked at number 7 on the Billboard Hot 100 and UK Singles Chart . `` E.I. '' charted at number 16 , number 12 and number 11 on the Hot 100 , UK Singles Chart and ARIA Singles Chart , respectively . `` Ride wit Me '' peaked within the top five on the Hot 100 , ARIA Singles Chart , Irish Singles Chart and UK Singles Chart . The album 's fourth and final single , `` Batter Up '' featuring Murphy Lee and Ali , achieved moderate chart success . Country Grammar received positive reviews , with critics praising Nelly 's vocal style and the album 's production . It topped the US Billboard 200 chart for five consecutive weeks , and the US Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums chart for six consecutive weeks . It peaked in the top five on the New Zealand Albums Chart and Australian Albums Chart , as well as the top ten on the Canadian Albums Chart and Dutch Albums Chart . The album was certified three times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of New Zealand ( RIANZ ) and Music Canada ( MC ) , denoting shipments of 45,000 and 300,000 copies , respectively . In 2016 , Country Grammar became the ninth hip hop album to be certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , denoting shipment of 10 million copies in the US . Its commercial success secured Nelly 's status as one of the most successful hip hop acts of the 2000s decade . On Billboard decade-end chart , Nelly ranked as the third most successful act of the 2000s decade , due largely to the success of Country Grammar and his follow-up album Nellyville ( 2002 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb404d9bcaec4563bc57b911d4ec398d", "text": "Major Key (album) Major Key ( stylized as Major ð ''` ) is the ninth studio album by DJ Khaled . It was released on July 29 , 2016 , by We the Best Music Group and Epic Records . The album features guest appearances from Future , Big Sean , Rick Ross , Jay Z , Drake , Nas , Kendrick Lamar , Betty Wright , J. Cole , Bryson Tiller , Nicki Minaj , Chris Brown , August Alsina , Jeremih , Kodak Black , Jeezy , French Montana , YG , Yo Gotti , Gucci Mane , 2 Chainz , Jadakiss , Fabolous , Fat Joe , Busta Rhymes , Kent Jones , Travis Scott , Lil Wayne , Meghan Trainor , Wiz Khalifa , Wale and Mavad The album was supported by four singles , `` For Free '' , `` I Got the Keys '' , `` Holy Key '' and `` Do You Mind '' . Major Key received generally positive reviews from critics and debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 . The album was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) in November 2016 . It received a Grammy nomination for Best Rap Album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "643010387100b1df150caeab46f53613", "text": "List of number-one singles of 2013 (Australia) The ARIA Singles Chart ranks the best-performing singles in Australia . Its data , published by the Australian Recording Industry Association , is based collectively on each single 's weekly physical and digital sales . In 2013 , seventeen singles claimed the top spot , including `` Thrift Shop '' by Macklemore and Ryan Lewis , which started its peak position in late 2012 . Fifteen acts achieved their first number-one single in Australia , either as a lead or featured artist : Mary Lambert , Nate Ruess , Baauer , Ray Dalton , Passenger , Daft Punk , Pharrell Williams , Robin Thicke , T.I. , Avicii , 2 Chainz , Redfoo , Dami Im , Taylor Henderson and John Legend . Im and Henderson were the only Australian artists to achieve a number-one single . Macklemore and Ryan Lewis had three number-one singles during the year for `` Thrift Shop '' , `` Same Love '' and `` Ca n't Hold Us '' . Jason Derulo earned two number-one singles for `` Talk Dirty '' and `` Trumpets '' . Pharrell Williams also earned two number-one singles during the year , as a featured artist on Daft Punk 's `` Get Lucky '' and Robin Thicke 's `` Blurred Lines '' . Katy Perry 's `` Roar '' was the longest-running number-one single of 2013 , having topped the ARIA Singles Chart for nine weeks . `` Blurred Lines '' was the second longest-running number-one single , with eight consecutive weeks at the top . Passenger 's `` Let Her Go '' stayed at number one for five consecutive weeks , while Avicii 's `` Wake Me Up ! '' topped the chart for six consecutive weeks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d0e3bdd736e91f003d1d968ba97175e7", "text": "Triple J Hottest 100, 2016 The 2016 Triple J Hottest 100 was announced on Australia Day , 26 January 2017 . It is the 24th countdown of the most popular songs of the year , as chosen by the listeners of Australian radio station Triple J. 2016 's countdown broke several Hottest 100 records , including number of votes ( over 2.25 million ) , number of songs by Australian acts both in the whole list ( 66 out of the 100 ) and at its top ( all of the top four ) , and longest absence between countdowns ( 16 years for Paul Kelly ) . With the first-place win of Australian producer Flume for `` Never Be like You '' , 2016 marks a record-breaking fourth consecutive annual countdown in which the number-one track was by an Australian act , after Vance Joy in 2013 , Chet Faker in 2014 , and The Rubens in 2015 . Flume became the first electronic dance music producer to top the countdown .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "82973899ff7126e2351fcb4275d4f83f", "text": "FYO (EP) FYO ( an acronym for Fuck Your Opinion ) is the debut extended play ( EP ) by English rapper Avelino . It was produced in its entirety by Raf Riley , and released for free download through OddChild Music , on 7 April 2016 . The project was also released onto the iTunes Store on 11 April 2016 , accompanied by two bonus tracks . It spawned one single ; `` Welcome to the Future '' , which premiered on 31 March 2016 , a week before the rest of the project . The project has received considerable support from BBC Radio 1 and 1Xtra ; `` Youniverse '' has been played by MistaJam , and the title track has been played by Annie Mac , DJ Target and Charlie Sloth . The project also topped Semtex 's Mixtape Top 5 chart , and `` Welcome to the Future '' and `` Rich Soul '' both received airplay on his 1Xtra show . Numerous songs from the project also received airplay on Manny Norte 's Capital XTRA show , and Mally 's Reprezent show . `` FYO '' was added to the Reprezent B-list playlist . `` FYO '' was released as the project 's second single , with a video released to YouTube on 14 April 2016 . The track 's production was praised by Grant Brydon of RWD as being `` beautifully jarring '' , and by FACT as being `` ribcage-quakingly bassy '' . Avelino told FACT that the video was `` minimal -LSB- ... -RSB- in a sense of one location , one setting , one room '' , as this allows listeners to `` focus on what -LSB- he 's -RSB- really saying on the record . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "feb2cefa27e5f5cfca3d772bd2acd17b", "text": "List of Single Top 100 number-one singles of 2011 Throughout all 52 weeks in 2011 , 31 songs topped the Mega Single Top 100 . The Single Top 100 is a chart composed by MegaCharts based on official physical single sales and legal downloads , and one of the three official Dutch record charts , the two others being the Dutch Top 40 and the Mega Top 50 . The first number-one hit on the chart in 2011 was Martin Solveig and Dragonette 's `` Hello '' , and the last was Studio Killers ' `` Ode to the Bouncer '' . Artists and acts that had or were featured in at least one song that topped the Mega Single Top 100 that year for at least one week were Martin Solveig , Dragonette , Jan Smit , Ben Saunders , Dean Saunders , Adele , 3JS , Lady GaGa , Nick & Simon , Alexis Jordan , Glennis Grace , Frans Duijts , Do , Coldplay , Rochelle Perts , Guus Meeuwis , Sak Noel , Lucenzo , Big Ali , Don Omar , Nick Schilder , Thomas Acda , Keizer , Paul de Munnik , Gotye , Kimbra , The Voice of Holland , Gers Pardoel , Jeroen van der Boom , Metropole Orkest ( Dutch : The Metropole Orchestra ) , Birdy , Sandro Silva , Quintino and Studio Killers . Out of these acts , 20 of them , Dean Saunders , Alexis Jordan , Glennis Grace , Frans Duijts , Rochelle Perts , Guus Meeuwis , Sak Noel , Don Amor , Big Ali , Lucenzo , Nick Schilder , Thomas Acda , Simon Keizer , Paul de Munnik , Gotye , Kimbra , Birdy , Quintino , Sandro , and Studio Killers , achieved their first number-one single on the chart that year , either as lead or featured artist . Two artists , Jan Simit and Adele , had 2 songs that went number one . 23 singles that topped the chart were solo songs , while eight others were collaborations . One of Adele 's songs , `` Rolling in the Deep '' , was the best-performing single of 2011 , topping the Single Top 100 's 2011 year-end chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "412fb7fa4169a15b8afc79a6b544502d", "text": "Florence and the Machine discography English indie rock band Florence and the Machine have released three studio albums , two live albums , six extended plays , 20 singles , two promotional singles and 23 music videos . Florence and the Machine released their first extended play , A Lot of Love . A Lot of Blood , in March 2009 . Their debut studio album , Lungs , was released in July 2009 through Island Records , reaching number one on the UK Albums Chart in January 2010 . The album was subsequently certified quintuple platinum in the United Kingdom , quadruple platinum in Ireland and triple platinum in Australia . The album 's lead single `` Kiss with a Fist '' peaked at number 51 on the UK Singles Chart . This was succeeded by the single `` Dog Days Are Over '' , which reached number 23 in the UK and number 21 on the Billboard Hot 100 in the United States , and was certified quadruple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . Third single `` Rabbit Heart ( Raise It Up ) '' reached number 12 in the UK and number 41 in Ireland . `` Drumming Song '' was released as the fourth single , charting at number 54 in the UK . `` You 've Got the Love '' , a cover of The Source 's song of the same name , peaked at number five in the UK and number nine in Australia . A performance at the 2010 BRIT Awards on 17 February 2010 saw the Dizzee Rascal-assisted mash-up `` You Got the Dirtee Love '' debut at number two in the UK . The album 's sixth and final single , `` Cosmic Love '' , peaked at number 51 in the UK and number three in Ireland . The band 's second studio album , Ceremonials , was released in October 2011 , debuting atop the charts in the UK , Ireland , Australia and New Zealand . The album 's release was preceded by the promotional single `` What the Water Gave Me '' , which peaked at number 24 in the UK , number 13 in Ireland and number 15 in New Zealand . Lead single `` Shake It Out '' became the band 's fifth top-40 hit in the UK , peaking at number 12 upon release in September 2011 . The track also attained international chart success , reaching number 72 on the Billboard Hot 100 and becoming the band 's highest-peaking single in Ireland , where it reached number two . The album also saw the release of singles `` No Light , No Light '' and `` Never Let Me Go '' , which peaked at numbers 50 and 82 on the UK chart , respectively . Their next release `` Spectrum ( Say My Name ) '' peaked at number one in the UK , becoming their first UK number-one single . In June 2015 , Florence and the Machine released their third studio album , How Big , How Blue , How Beautiful , which debuted at number one in eight countries including the UK and the US and reached the top 10 of 20 countries . The album had sold over a million copies worldwide by the end of 2015 and has been certified platinum in the UK , Australia and Poland , and gold in New Zealand . It was promoted by the singles `` What Kind of Man '' and `` Ship to Wreck '' , which both reached the top 40 in the UK , Ireland and New Zealand , as well as `` Queen of Peace '' and `` Delilah '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e80cb69102b21fe951ad69450ab07466", "text": "Come and See Me `` Come and See Me '' is a song by Canadian recording artist PartyNextDoor , released as a single on March 23 , 2016 . The song , which was produced by frequent OVO Sound collaborator Noah `` 40 '' Shebib and features guest vocals from Canadian recording artist Drake , was released as the first single from his second studio album , PartyNextDoor 3 ( 2016 ) . `` Come and See Me '' has peaked at number 55 on the Billboard Hot 100 , becoming PartyNextDoor 's highest-charting single so far . It received a nomination for Best R&B Song at the 59th Grammy Awards in February 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af4800a91aef91711ec5b3a280054d1b", "text": "List of million-selling singles in the United Kingdom A million-selling single is regarded by the Official Charts Company ( OCC ) as one that has sold at least 1 million copies since the start of the UK Singles Chart in November 1952 . As well as a traditional purchase of a physical record , a sale can represent one permanent digital download of a track ( physical singles usually consist of two songs , although both are only included in sales figures for double A sides or where both receive a high level of interest and airplay ) . Both British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) - certified awards ( Silver , Gold and Platinum ) and the weekly charts now include audio streaming but these are not included in the sales figures published by the OCC . Certified awards can also include shipments ( sales to trade ) . The OCC and Music Week regularly announce when a record becomes a million seller . , 167 singles have sold 1 million copies in the UK . Of these , 108 were originally released in the 20th century ( 70 of them selling 1 million before the year 2000 ) and the remainder were released between 2000 and 2014 . The most recently released single to become a million-seller is `` Uptown Funk '' by Mark Ronson featuring Bruno Mars , which was released in December 2014 and passed a million sales ten weeks later in February 2015 . Bing Crosby 's `` White Christmas '' is the earliest release : originally 1942 , although only sales from 1952 onwards are counted . The year in which the most million-sellers were released is 2011 , with twelve ; while a record 36 releases from both the 1990s and the 2010s have sold a million copies . Only two million sellers have failed to reach the top 5 on the UK Singles Chart : Snow Patrol 's `` Chasing Cars '' and Journey 's `` Do n't Stop Believin ' '' , both of which peaked at number 6 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f360ebfb40cb4728ec84ceba1d42264b", "text": "Xscape (album) Xscape is the second posthumous album of previously unreleased tracks by American singer Michael Jackson . It is his eighth album released through Epic Records , and it was released on May 13 , 2014 by Epic Records and MJJ Music . It is the fifth album released by Sony and Motown since Jackson 's death in June 2009 . L.A. Reid , chairman of Epic Records , curated and served as executive producer for the album enlisting Timbaland to lead a team of record producers , including StarGate , Jerome `` J-Roc '' Harmon , John McClain , and Rodney Jerkins , to remix and contemporize the eight selected tracks . Jerkins produced the title song and is the only original song producer to work on the final productions . Xscape was promoted across the Sony group of companies ; Sony Mobile used a snippet of `` Slave to the Rhythm '' in their advertising campaign for the Xperia Z2 mobile phone . `` Love Never Felt So Good '' was announced as the official lead single to premiere on May 1 , 2014 . The deluxe edition of the album includes all of the songs in their original forms as well as one bonus track and two videos .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d4d4560f1ecd15c6786e22d3f88728b0", "text": "Mr.Mr. (song) `` Mr.Mr . '' is a Korean song recorded by South Korean girl group Girls ' Generation for their fourth Korean titular extended play ( 2014 ) . The song was released on February 25 , 2014 , as a single from the EP . The song was composed by American production team The Underdogs , who had previously worked with Western artists including Britney Spears , Beyoncé , and Justin Timberlake . A music video for the song was initially planned to be released on February 19 but was postponed to February 28 due to the accidental deletion of some of the original files . `` Mr.Mr . '' was described as an electropop and pop-R & B song that incorporates a hip hop beat and EDM-influenced buildups . The song received generally positive reviews from music critics , who praised its musical styles , which were deemed a departure from the group 's signature bubblegum pop sound . The single ranked number 18 on Billboard magazine 's list of 20 Best K-pop Songs of 2014 and was included on Time '' 's list of 25 Best Songs of 2014 ( So Far ) in June 2014 . To promote the song and the EP , Girls ' Generation appeared on several music programs including M Countdown , Music Bank , Show ! Music Core , and Inkigayo around February and March 2014 . The single was a commercial success in the group 's native country South Korea , peaking atop the Gaon Digital Chart and selling over 900,000 digital units in 2014 . It also charted at number three on the Korea K-Pop Hot 100 and number four on the Billboard '' World Digital Songs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b971499eab4de6e7f8d0f3309240ae7e", "text": "Cool for the Summer `` Cool for the Summer '' is a song by American singer Demi Lovato . It serves as the lead single from her fifth studio album , Confident ( 2015 ) . The song was released on July 1 , 2015 , by Hollywood , and Island Records , and made its radio premiere on the same date via Republic Records . Lovato co-wrote `` Cool for the Summer '' with Alexander Erik Kronlund , Savan Kotecha , and the song 's producers Max Martin and Ali Payami . Musically , it has a rock styled edge over an electronic instrumental arrangement . The song has garnered attention for its bi-curious insinuations and sexually suggestive lyrics . Critics praised `` Cool for the Summer '' for its production and bi-curious lyrical content . It was included on several year-end lists and received nominations for the MTV Video Music Awards and 2015 Teen Choice Awards in the `` Song Of The Summer '' category . The song received an award for being one of the most performed songs of 2015 at the ASCAP Pop Music Awards . Commercially `` Cool for the Summer '' had a positive reception . In United States the song debuted at number 36 on the Billboard Hot 100 dated July 18 , 2015 , selling 80,000 copies in its first charting week . It entered the Hot 100 's top 20 on the chart dated August 15 , 2015 , and peaked at number 11 , becoming Lovato 's third highest chart position . The song also reached number one on the Dance Club Songs chart . It was certified double-platinum by RIAA . `` Cool for the Summer '' has also topped the charts in Greece and peaked within the top 10 in Belgium , the Czech Republic , Lebanon , Mexico , New Zealand , and the United Kingdom as well as the top 20 in Australia , Canada , Ireland , Slovakia , and Spain . Its music video was directed by Hannah Lux Davis and released on July 23 , 2015 . It received positive reviews from critics , who praised the singer 's sensuality and artistic growth . To promote the song , Lovato performed it at pool parties after its release . She also promoted the song on several TV programs such as The Voice , Sunrise , the 2015 MTV Video Music Awards , Jimmy Kimmel Live ! , and Saturday Night Live .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db08b8f64d1a14a8989ac5480451d2b7", "text": "Juicy Love (Happiness song) `` Juicy Love '' ( stylized as `` JUICY LOVE in digital formats ) is a song recorded by Japanese girl group Happiness , taken as the lead single from their second studio album , Girlz n ' Effect ( 2016 ) . It was released on May 28 , 2014 via Rhythm Zone and Avex Music Creative Inc. , and distributed in four physical formats -- two standard compact discs , music cards and a CD and DVD bundle -- and for digital consumption . The track was written and co-composed by Kanata Okajima , with additional music and production credits to Albi Albertsson and Patrick Hamilton ; co-production was handled by Exile 's Hiro . Musically , it is a dance-pop song that incorporates synthesizers and keyboards within its instrumentation . Although members Karen Fujii and Ruri Kawamoto provide vocals throughout the composition , the remaining five girls sing background vocals through the songs chorus . Lyrically , the song focuses of themes of enjoyment and love . Upon its release , `` Juicy Love '' received favorable reviews from music critics , with compliments aimed towards its dance nature and noted the creative progression since member Miyuu took over leadership of the group . Commercially , `` Juicy Love '' experienced moderate success in Japan , reaching the top 10 on both the Oricon Singles Chart and Japan Hot 100 . By June 2014 , the single sold over 30,000 units as reported by Oricon . An accompanying music video was published on the Avex Trax YouTube channel , depicting them in three rooms that focus on different fashion styles . In order to promote the track , Happiness performed `` Juicy Love '' on several television and live shows , and was subsequently used as the ending theme song to Nippon TV 's Pon ( 2014 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eebc0d8e5d0f35a6c868aead0f88acc8", "text": "List of most streamed songs in the United Kingdom In June 2014 , the Official Charts Company ( OCC ) started including audio streams in the official UK Singles Chart , recognising their importance as an indicator of current popular trends and tastes in music . From this point onward , the popularity of a single or album track can be measured by both sales ( which include paid downloads ) and streams on officially recognised subscription and ad-funded on-demand services . Although the OCC added these figures to the chart in July 2014 , they started compiling them in May 2012 through the Official Audio Streaming Chart . They are taken from on-demand audio streaming services such as Spotify , Apple Music , Google Play Music , Deezer and Tidal , all of which are members of the Entertainment Retailers Association ( ERA ) . As of December 2016 , the most streamed song in the UK was `` One Dance '' by Drake , with over 142 million streams . In June 2016 , `` Sorry '' by Justin Bieber became the first song to pass 100 million streams . By September 2016 , it had been joined by two other Bieber songs : `` Love Yourself '' and `` What Do You Mean ? '' as well as `` One Dance '' ( the first song to achieve 100 million streams in a calendar year ) . The song with the most streams in one week is `` Shape of You '' by Ed Sheeran in chart week ending 16 March 2017 with 14.2 million , beating its own previous best of 13.4 million in week ending 19 January 2017 . `` Castle on the Hill '' also by Sheeran is the only other song to get more than 10 million streams in a week with 11.07 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae6b4c1569338084dbc663e9da378c2b", "text": "List of number-one R&B/hip-hop songs of 2016 (U.S.) This page lists the songs that reached number-one on the overall Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs chart , the R&B Songs chart ( which was created in 2012 ) , and the Hot Rap Songs chart in 2016 . The R&B Songs and Rap Songs charts partly serve as distillations of the overall R&B / Hip-Hop Songs chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1652dbfece3f7320b2d41f126d63b702", "text": "All Night (Juicy J and Wiz Khalifa song) `` All Night '' is a song by American rappers Juicy J and Wiz Khalifa ; it released was released on May 13 , 2016 by Atlantic Records , Columbia Records , and Empire Distribution . It serves as the lead single from their mixtape , TGOD Mafia : Rude Awakening . It was produced by 808 Mafia member , TM88 . The song samples `` Lonely Star '' by The Weeknd .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "1ee8a34acf5a72b127fe39ec97f6174c", "text": "Apple Store Apple Store is a chain of retail stores owned and operated by Apple Inc. . The stores sell Mac personal computers , iPhone smartphones , iPad tablet computers , iPod portable media players , Apple Watch smartwatches , Apple TV digital media players , software , and select third-party accessories . The first Apple Stores were originally opened as two locations in May 2001 by then-CEO Steve Jobs , after years of attempting but failing store-within-a-store concepts . Seeing a need for improved retail presentation of the company 's products , he began an effort in 1997 to revamp the retail program to get an improved relationship to consumers , and hired Ron Johnson in 2000 . Jobs relaunched Apple 's online store in 1997 , and opened the first two physical stores in 2001 . Despite initial media speculation that Apple would fail , its stores were highly successful , bypassing the sales numbers of competing nearby stores and within three years reached US$ 1 billion in annual sales , becoming the fastest retailer in history to do so . Over the years , Apple has expanded the number of retail locations and its geographical coverage , with 496 stores across 21 countries worldwide as of May 2017 . Strong product sales have placed Apple among the top-tier retail stores , with sales over $ 16 billion globally in 2011 . In May 2016 , Angela Ahrendts , Apple 's current Senior Vice President of Retail , unveiled a significantly redesigned Apple Store in Union Square , San Francisco , featuring large glass doors for the entry , open spaces , and rebranded rooms . In addition to purchasing products , consumers can get advice and help from `` Creative Pros '' - individuals with specialized knowledge of creative arts ; get product support in a tree-lined Genius Grove ; and attend sessions , conferences and community events , with Ahrendts commenting that the goal is to make Apple Stores into `` town squares '' , a place where people naturally meet up and spend time . The new design will be applied to all Apple Stores worldwide , a process that has seen stores temporarily relocate or close . Many Apple Stores are located inside shopping malls , but Apple has built several stand-alone `` flagship '' stores in high-profile locations . It has been granted design patents and received architectural awards for its stores ' designs and construction , specifically for its use of glass staircases and cubes . The success of Apple Stores have had significant influence over other consumer electronics retailers , who have lost traffic , control and profits due to a perceived higher quality of service and products at Apple Stores . Apple 's notable brand loyalty have historically caused long lines of hundreds of people at new Apple Store openings or product releases . Due to the popularity of the brand , there are numerous job applications , many of which from young workers . Although Apple Store employees receive above-average pay , are offered money toward education and health care , and receive product discounts , there are limited or no paths of career advancement . A May 2016 report with an anonymous retail employee highlighted a hostile work environment with harassment from customers , intense internal criticism , and a lack of significant bonuses for securing major business contracts .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "687bfb60abe1a84d136f61e823ca0c27", "text": "Apple event Apple events are the message-based interprocess communication mechanism in Mac OS , first appearing in System 7 and supported by every version of the classic Mac OS since then and by macOS . Apple events describe `` high-level '' events such as `` open document '' or `` print file '' , whereas earlier OSs had supported much more basic events , namely `` click '' and `` keypress '' . Apple events form the basis of the Mac OS scripting system , the Open Scripting Architecture ( the primary language of such being AppleScript ) . The starting point is a dynamically-typed , extensible descriptor format called an AEDesc , which is just an OSType code specifying the data type , together with a block of type-dependent data . For instance , the OSType code inte indicates that the data was a four-byte signed integer in big-endian format . Besides predefined type codes for various common simple types , there are two predefined structured descriptor types : an AERecord , which has data type reco ( record ) , and AEList with type list ( list or array ) . The internal structure of these contain recursively-nested AEDescs , while the AERecord also associates each element with a unique record field ID , which is an OSType . The Apple Event Manager provides API calls to construct these structures , as well as extract their contents and query the type of contents they hold . The Apple Event Manager also supports coercions , which converts AEDescs from one data type to another . In addition to standard coercions , for instance between integer and real types , applications can install their own coercion handler callbacks , which handle conversions to and from custom data types . An Apple event proper is an AERecord with fields that depended on the purpose of the event . In addition , it has attributes ( which are distinct from record fields , which are now called the parameters of the event ) from a set predefined by the Apple Event Manager . These specify what the event is supposed to do ( through event class and event ID ) , the target address to which the event is to be sent ( which could be a process on the local or a remote machine ) , and various other options for handling it . Remote machines initially had to be connected via AppleTalk , but Mac OS 9 added the option for connections via TCP/IP . After sending an Apple event to its target process , the sending process can elect to receive a reply Apple event . This can contain various bits of information returned from the target about the processing of the original event , including an error code indicating success/failure , any information requested by the original event , and/or other appropriate information . Apple events are the foundation of the AppleEvent Object Model , which in turn is the foundation of the OSA and AppleScript . , the official implementation of the Apple Event Manager API is available in C and its descendants , including C++ . Official bindings are also provided for Objective-C and Swift through the Cocoa API . Unofficial bindings also exist for other languages ( with varying degrees of limitation ) , including Perl , UserTalk , Ruby and Python .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9290bd2c09c49fad40889922836454cf", "text": "Music store A music store or musical instrument store is a retail business that sells musical instruments and related equipment and accessories . In United States and Canada , most music stores in the 2010s sell a range of electric instruments ( e.g. , electric guitars ) , instrument amplifiers ( e.g. , guitar amplifiers ) ; electronic instruments ( e.g. , synthesizers ) ; drum kits ( including drums , cymbals and percussion instruments ) and acoustic classical , concert band and jazz musical instruments such as saxophones , trumpets and violins . In addition , stores typically sell ( and sometimes rent ) the sound reinforcement system and PA system gear used in live concert performances and the sound recording equipment used to record music , such as microphones and digital recorders . In the 2010s , music stores can be `` bricks and mortar '' stores ( either individual small businesses or chain stores , which may be a regional or national chain ) ; online musical instrument stores , which consist of a website describing the merchandise , various online payment systems , and shipping or delivery systems ; or hybrid stores that have both `` bricks and mortar '' stores and an online store . Some `` bricks and mortar '' music stores also provide services for a fee , such as music lessons , musical instrument repair and guitar amplifier repair .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0ce051cab996701d63cf374a5d8642f1", "text": "Australian workplace agreement An Australian workplace agreement ( AWA ) was a type of formalised individual agreement negotiated between an employer and employee in Australia that existed for a short number of years in the 2000s . Employers could offer a `` take it or leave it '' AWA as a condition of employment . They were registered by the Employment Advocate and did not require a dispute resolution procedure . These agreements operated only at the federal level . AWAs were individual written agreements on terms and conditions of employment between an employer and employee in Australia , under the Workplace Relations Act 1996 . An AWA could override employment conditions in state or territory laws except those relating to occupational health and safety , workers ' compensation , or training arrangements . An AWA was required to meet only the most minimal Australian Fair Pay and Conditions Standard . Agreements were not required to include effective dispute resolution procedures , and could not include prohibited content . Agreements were for a maximum of five years ; approved , promoted and registered by the Workplace Authority ; operated to the exclusion of any award ; and prohibited industrial action regarding details in the agreement for the life of the agreement . The introduction of AWAs was a very controversial industrial relations issue in Australia . During a Senate Estimates hearing on 29 May 2006 , Peter McIlwain , Head of the Office of the Employment Advocate detailed that from a sample of 4 per cent , or 250 , of the total 6,263 AWAs lodged during April 2006 after WorkChoices was introduced , that : 100 % removed at least one protected Award condition ; 64 % removed annual leave loadings ; 63 % stripped out penalty rates ; 52 % cut out shift loadings ; 40 % dropped gazetted public holidays ; and 16 % slashed all award conditions and only the Government 's five minimum conditions are satisfied . -LSB- 6 -RSB- New AWAs were banned under the Fair Work Act 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d7dc243d6b85904d1b5aa991147aa4f", "text": "Awards of the United States Department of State The United States Department of State , like other agencies of the U.S. federal government , gives civilian decorations for outstanding service , sacrifice , or heroism . The criteria for the awards are set down in 3 FAM 4820 - Foreign Affairs Manual , 3 FAM - Personnel , section 3 FAM 4800 Department Awards Program . State Department awards are broken down into four types : honor awards , achievement awards , service awards , and recognition awards . In addition , there are awards which are no longer given but for which certificates , ribbons , or medals may still be occasionally seen . The Foreign Affairs Manual described the purpose of Department of State honor awards as to `` bestow recognition on an individual or group who has made a significant contribution to the agency 's mission '' and states that `` The honor awards vary in scope and magnitude . The impact of the act or deed which precipitates the nomination must be carefully examined , and consideration given to whether the act to be recognized benefits the post or bureau , the area , the agency , or the Federal Government as a whole . '' Upon authorization , members of the U.S. military may wear the medal and ribbon in the appropriate order of precedence as a U.S. non-military personal decoration . As delineated in numerous diplomatic cables describing each one , achievement awards recognize specific service over the previous year in a specific field or job category . The majority of the awards include a certificate , signed by the Secretary of State and a cash bonus . The cash bonuses range from zero to $ 10,000 . Some awards are sponsored by private donors , who are often former members of the Foreign Service . There is a minimum requirement for several valid nominations in a category in order for some awards to be presented ; if there are insufficient nominees or the nominations do not meet a specific threshold , then no award is presented that year . Currently , none of the achievement awards includes a medal set . Service awards are common for the Armed Forces but are not currently favored by the Director General of the Foreign Service . The Department of State currently awards two service awards , the Secretary 's Career Achievement Award and the Expeditionary Service Award . The Expeditionary Service Award is a new award as of 2011 that recognizes service by Civil and Foreign Service employees in areas designated by the Director General of the Foreign Service .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a9a3543824938c41016e99a530fc298", "text": "Executive compensation Executive compensation or executive pay is composed of the financial compensation and other non-financial awards received by an executive from their firm for their service to the organization . It is typically a mixture of salary , bonuses , shares of or call options on the company stock , benefits , and perquisites , ideally configured to take into account government regulations , tax law , the desires of the organization and the executive , and rewards for performance . The three decades starting with the 1980s , saw a dramatic rise in executive pay relative to that of an average worker 's wage in the United States , and to a lesser extent in a number of other countries . Observers differ as to whether this rise is a natural and beneficial result of competition for scarce business talent that can add greatly to stockholder value in large companies , or a socially harmful phenomenon brought about by social and political changes that have given executives greater control over their own pay . Recent studies have indicated that executive compensation should be better aligned with social goals ( e.g. public health goals ) . Executive pay is an important part of corporate governance , and is often determined by a company 's board of directors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d69cf24ff525457e6ef4cf051928169f", "text": "PayAnywhere PayAnywhere is a mobile and storefront payment service provided by North American Bancard . The PayAnywhere Mobile app and credit card reader allows users in the United States to accept credit card payments using their smartphone or tablet by swiping a credit or debit card through a mobile credit card reader ( plugged into the audio jack of the smartphone or tablet ) , or by manually entering a credit or debit card number via the PayAnywhere mobile app . The app and credit card reader are compatible with both Apple and Android devices . On April 8 , 2014 , PayAnywhere launched PayAnywhere Storefront . PayAnywhere Storefront is a free touchscreen tablet and stand with a built-in credit card reader meant to replace traditional terminals in stores . Announced in late August 2015 , the latest version of the PayAnywhere reader for iOS phones and tablets will feature Apple Pay support , as well as NFC , EMV and magnetic stripe . Aimed at small vendors , like coffee shops and food trucks , it 's expected in September for $ 40 exclusively from Apple retail stores and online store . Android tablet support is expected in early October .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3eb22073807eb34ab4acadb50bccfb4e", "text": "Nenko System The is the Japanese system of promoting an employee in order of his or her proximity to retirement . The advantage of the system is that it allows older employees to achieve a higher salary level before retirement and that it usually brings more experience to the executive ranks . The disadvantage of the system is that it does not allow new talent to be merged with the experience and those with specialized skills can not be promoted to the already crowded executive ranks . It also does not guarantee or even attempt to bring the `` right person for the right job '' . The labor turnover rate in Japan is less than half the US level . The seniority-wage system can also be seen in Japanese government . Japanese parliament seats are usually filled with the older members from each party . After the economic bubble burst in Japan in the late 1980s and the venture capital ( dot-com ) shock of the 1990s , the seniority-wage system has become less popular amongst business as they could not afford to keep older employees with high salaries on the payroll . Many mid-level executives that climbed the corporate ladder with the Nenko system fell victim to corporate restructuring .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e7e73134c998ecc8621bb59dc6c49cb5", "text": "Sales engineering Sales engineering is a hybrid of sales and engineering that exists in industrial and commercial markets . Buying decisions in these markets are made differently than those in many consumer contexts , being based more on technical information and rational analysis and less on style , fashion , or impulse . Therefore , selling in these markets can not depend on consumer-type sales methods alone , and instead it relies heavily on technical information and problem-solving to convince buyers that they should spend money on the seller 's products or services , in order to meet a business need ( that is , to satisfy a business case ) . A sales engineer is thus both `` a salesperson that understands and can apply engineering '' and `` an engineer that understands how to sell engineered systems '' . They thus not only sell but also provide advice and support . They provide this service to various internal or external customers , and they may work for a manufacturer ( servicing its industrial-account/business-to-business customers ) , for a distributor ( which in turn services the industrial-account/business-to-business customers ) , or for a third party such as an engineering consultancy or a systems integrator . Sales Engineers are a critical sales team member in many companies and industries around the world . They are more than just technical experts in their respective industries . Highly successful sales engineers must build and maintain parallel expertise in `` soft skill '' disciplines such as business acumen , presentation skills , building customer relationships , developing an engagement strategy , and having a thorough understanding of the targeted industry . Many companies have difficulty finding people who possess these qualities , plus have extensive technical knowledge . The essence of the sales engineering role can be called by various names . Which name is most apt can even depend on which industry it is used in . Some common job titles that involve the essence of sales engineering include Sales Engineer , Solutions Engineer , Systems Engineer , Customer Engineer , ( pre-sales ) consultant , Technical Account Manager ; Applications Engineer or Field Applications Engineer , and others . The term systems engineering has various shades of meaning , however , as it is often more or less synonymous with industrial engineering ; but in any market economy , industrial engineers will often end up providing some sales engineering as a necessary portion of their work . Service technicians in industrial fields may also find that their work challenges them to provide some sales engineering , to whatever extent they are capable of providing it , because they interface with customers having problems with equipment ( or lacking the right equipment ) and seeking solutions ( anywhere from diagnosis and repair , to identifying entirely different systems that could be used instead ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "75d7b6999a18eb9be61cee6a7be83f07", "text": "American Customer Satisfaction Index The American Customer Satisfaction Index ( ACSI ) is an economic indicator that measures the satisfaction of consumers across the U.S. economy . It is produced by the American Customer Satisfaction Index ( ACSI LLC ) based in Ann Arbor , Michigan . The ACSI interviews about 180,000 customers annually and asks about their satisfaction with the goods and services they have purchased and consumed . Respondents are screened to ensure inclusion of actual customers of a wide range of business-to-consumer products and services , including durable goods , services , non-durable goods , local government services , federal government services , and so forth . Customer satisfaction ( ACSI ) scores are released monthly throughout each calendar year . ACSI data is used by researchers , corporations , government agencies , market analysts and investors , industry trade associations , and consumers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0938b3f7465b832e8f176d321cabea05", "text": "AppleWorks AppleWorks refers to two different office suite products , both of which are now discontinued . The first program known as AppleWorks is an integrated software package for the Apple II platform , released in 1984 by Apple Computer . The second program known as AppleWorks is a renamed version of ClarisWorks '' ' , a Mac and Windows office suite program originally created by the former Apple subsidiary Claris . It was bundled with all consumer-level Macs sold by Apple . On August 15 , 2007 , this version of AppleWorks reached end-of-life status , and was no longer sold . Word processing , spreadsheet , and presentation applications with capabilities similar to AppleWorks are currently part of the iWork suite .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "92b4dc78671e96aa9693fcc35c9d19fb", "text": "Apple Lisa Apple Lisa is a desktop computer developed by Apple , released on January 19 , 1983 . It was one of the first personal computers to offer a graphical user interface ( GUI ) in a machine aimed at individual business users . Development of the Lisa began in 1978 , and it underwent many changes during the development period before shipping at the very high price of US$ 9,995 with a 5 MB hard drive . The high price , relatively low performance and unreliable `` Twiggy '' floppy disks led to poor sales , with only 100,000 units sold . In 1982 , after Steve Jobs was forced out of the Lisa project , he joined the Macintosh project , at that time developing a much more limited machine with a task-switching interface . Jobs redirected the Macintosh team to build a cheaper and better Lisa , releasing it in January 1984 and quickly outstripping Lisa sales . Newer versions of the Lisa were introduced that addressed its faults and lowered its price considerably , but it failed to achieve favorable sales compared to the much less expensive Mac . The final revision of the Lisa , the Lisa 2/10 , was modified and sold as the Macintosh XL . Generally considered a failure , the Lisa nevertheless introduced a number of advanced features that would not re-appear on the Macintosh for a number of years . Among these was an operating system which featured protected memory and preemptive multitasking , and a more document-oriented workflow . The hardware itself was also much more advanced than the Macintosh , with a hard drive and support for up to 2 megabytes ( MB ) of RAM , expansion slots and a larger higher-resolution display . The main exception being that while the Macintosh also used the 68000 processor , the Macintosh initially used a version clocked at 7.89 Mhz , compared to the 5Mhz version used in the Lisa . The complexity of the Lisa operating system and its associated programs overtaxed the slower processor enough that users perceived it to be sluggish , particularly when scrolling in documents .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54f38c1b298391a1d4a5925f917222d0", "text": "Departmental boot image A departmental boot image is a boot image for any computer that has been enhanced by adding some applications and passwords specific to a task or group or department in an organization . This has many of the advantages of a thin client strategy , but can be done on any operating system base as long as the boot device is large enough to accommodate the boot and applications together . A typical departmental Windows XP boot image is usually so large that it requires a DVD to store , and may be too large for network booting . Accordingly , it is usually installed on a fixed or removable hard drive kept inside the machine , rather than installed over a network or from a ROM . There are some boot image control complexity and total cost of operations advantages to using a departmental boot image instead of a common boot image for the entire organization , or a thin client : all the capabilities of a full operating system are available , not just those of a thin client applications with inflexible software licenses need not be paid for the entire organization , but can be paid only for the departments that actually use them and have them installed on their machines applications that interact badly can be segmented so that an accounting program and an engineering program do not `` clobber each other 's libraries '' or otherwise interfere as they would if both sets of applications were installed in one boot image overall size of each boot image can be controlled to fit within network or removable disk limits Disadvantages include the complexity of creating and managing several large boot images , and determining when a department needs to upgrade its applications . If each user is allowed to do this on their own , then , the discipline soon degrades and the shop will be no easier to manage than one that consists of one-off computers with their own quirks , frequently requiring re-imaging and whose issues are not really diagnosable nor comparable to each other . Some experts believe that any departmental boot image regime degrades rather quickly to this state without extraordinary discipline and controls , and advocate thin clients to ensure such control . It is however increasingly possible to restrict users from installing `` their own '' applications on a standard boot image , and to automatically re-install when a variant boot image is detected . While this would be draconian in a large organization with one boot image it is often quite acceptable when the boot image is maintained at a departmental level and users can request that it be upgraded with a minimum of bureaucracy and waiting . Category : Booting Category : Disk images", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4bdb72541d4442cc1b6b897622f69e6c", "text": "Customer satisfaction Customer satisfaction ( often abbreviated as CSAT , more correctly CSat ) is a term frequently used in marketing . It is a measure of how products and services supplied by a company meet or surpass customer expectation . Customer satisfaction is defined as `` the number of customers , or percentage of total customers , whose reported experience with a firm , its products , or its services ( ratings ) exceeds specified satisfaction goals . '' The Marketing Accountability Standards Board ( MASB ) endorses the definitions , purposes , and constructs of classes of measures that appear in Marketing Metrics as part of its ongoing Common Language in Marketing Project . In a survey of nearly 200 senior marketing managers , 71 percent responded that they found a customer satisfaction metric very useful in managing and monitoring their businesses . It is seen as a key performance indicator within business and is often part of a Balanced Scorecard . In a competitive marketplace where businesses compete for customers , customer satisfaction is seen as a key differentiator and increasingly has become a key element of business strategy . `` Within organizations , customer satisfaction ratings can have powerful effects . They focus employees on the importance of fulfilling customers ' expectations . Furthermore , when these ratings dip , they warn of problems that can affect sales and profitability ... . These metrics quantify an important dynamic . When a brand has loyal customers , it gains positive word-of-mouth marketing , which is both free and highly effective . '' Firms need reliable and representative measures of satisfaction to effectively manage customer satisfaction . `` In researching satisfaction , firms generally ask customers whether their product or service has met or exceeded expectations . Thus , expectations are a key factor behind satisfaction . When customers have high expectations and the reality falls short , they will be disappointed and will likely rate their experience as less than satisfying . For this reason , a luxury resort , for example , might receive a lower satisfaction rating than a budget motel -- even though its facilities and service would be deemed superior in ` absolute ' terms . '' The importance of customer satisfaction diminishes when a firm has increased bargaining power . For example , cell phone plan providers , such as AT&T and Verizon , participate in an industry that is an oligopoly , where only a few suppliers of a certain product or service exist . As such , many cell phone plan contracts have a lot of fine print with provisions that they would never get away if there were , say , 100 cell phone plan providers , because customer satisfaction would be far too low , and customers would easily have the option of leaving for a better contract offer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2906332318d42aa5736d8837c258c888", "text": "Store manager A retail manager is the person ultimately responsible for the day-to-day operations ( or management ) of a retail store . All employees working in the store report to the retail manager . A store manager reports to a district or general manager .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c23a813b5647809e44eaeaf649a346d", "text": "Storefront A storefront or shopfront is the facade or entryway of a retail store located on the ground floor or street level of a commercial building , typically including one or more display windows . A storefront functions to attract visual attention to a business and its merchandise . Before the middle of the 19th century , shop fronts did not have large display windows , but often included features such as awnings and bay windows to attract the attention of passersby . Modern storefronts with display windows developed at mid-century after architectural cast iron became widely available and glass manufacturers began producing large panes of glass at relatively low cost . The storefronts of commercial buildings often are substantially altered even when other architectural elements remain intact . Such alterations can adversely affect a historic building 's architectural and historic character . E-commerce websites are sometimes called `` online storefronts '' or `` virtual storefronts '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c1533f9ad8029bd0621070b2e46a606", "text": "Bonus payment A bonus payment is usually made to employees in addition to their base salary as part of their wages or salary . While the base salary usually is a fixed amount per month , bonus payments more often than not vary depending on known criteria , such as the annual turnover , or the net number of additional customers acquired , or the current value of the stock of a public company . Thus bonus payments can act as incentives for managers attracting their attention and their personal interest towards what is seen as gainful for their companies ' economic success . There are widely‐used elements of pay for performance and working well in many instances , including when a fair share of an employees participation in the success of a company is desired . There are , however , problematic instances , most notably when bonus payments are high . When they are tied to possibly short-lived figures such as an increase in monthly turnover , or cash flow generated from an isolated marketing action , such figures often do not reflect a solid reliable win for a company , and they certainly do not reflect a manager 's lasting efforts to the company 's best . Australian retail entrepreneur Gerry Harvey , while supporting bonuses for long term company performance has said Bonuses are prone to being adjusted or even manipulated to the benefit of those employees who are responsible for reporting them , while they are already planning their leave with a golden handshake . Setting up good employment contracts may be a means to avoid that -- at least to some extent -- but this is rare in reality .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d837f920105393a8cbe2a455acd91fa", "text": "Technological unemployment Technological unemployment is the loss of jobs caused by technological change . Such change typically includes the introduction of labour-saving `` mechanical-muscle '' machines or more efficient `` mechanical-mind '' processes ( automation ) . Just as horses employed as prime movers were gradually made obsolete by the automobile , humans ' jobs have also been affected throughout modern history . Historical examples include artisan weavers reduced to poverty after the introduction of mechanised looms . During World War II , Alan Turing 's Bombe machine compressed and decoded thousands of man-years worth of encrypted data in a matter of hours . A contemporary example of technological unemployment is the displacement of retail cashiers by self-service tills . That technological change can cause short-term job losses is widely accepted . The view that it can lead to lasting increases in unemployment has long been controversial . Participants in the technological unemployment debates can be broadly divided into optimists and pessimists . Optimists agree that innovation may be disruptive to jobs in the short term , yet hold that various compensation effects ensure there is never a long-term negative impact on jobs . Whereas pessimists contend that at least in some circumstances , new technologies can lead to a lasting decline in the total number of workers in employment . The phrase `` technological unemployment '' was popularised by John Maynard Keynes in the 1930s . Yet the issue of machines displacing human labour has been discussed since at least Aristotle 's time . Prior to the 18th century both the elite and common people would generally take the pessimistic view on technological unemployment , at least in cases where the issue arose . Due to generally low unemployment in much of pre-modern history , the topic was rarely a prominent concern . In the 18th century fears over the impact of machinery on jobs intensified with the growth of mass unemployment , especially in Great Britain which was then at the forefront of the Industrial Revolution . Yet some economic thinkers began to argue against these fears , claiming that overall innovation would not have negative effects on jobs . These arguments were formalised in the early 19th century by the classical economists . During the second half of the 19th century , it became increasingly apparent that technological progress was benefiting all sections of society , including the working class . Concerns over the negative impact of innovation diminished . The term `` Luddite fallacy '' was coined to describe the thinking that innovation would have lasting harmful effects on employment . The view that technology is unlikely to lead to long term unemployment has been repeatedly challenged by a minority of economists . In the early 1800s these included Ricardo himself . There were dozens of economists warning about technological unemployment during brief intensifications of the debate that spiked in the 1930s and 1960s . Especially in Europe , there were further warnings in the closing two decades of the twentieth century , as commentators noted an enduring rise in unemployment suffered by many industrialised nations since the 1970s . Yet a clear majority of both professional economists and the interested general public held the optimistic view through most of the 20th century . In the second decade of the 21st century , a number of studies have been released suggesting that technological unemployment may be increasing worldwide . Further increases are forecast for the years to come . While many economists and commentators still argue such fears are unfounded , as was widely accepted for most of the previous two centuries , concern over technological unemployment is growing once again . A report in Wired in 2017 quotes knowledgeable people such as economist Gene Sperling and management professor Andrew McAfee on the idea that handling existing and impending job loss to automation is a `` significant issue '' . Regarding a recent claim by a political appointee that automation is not `` going to have any kind of big effect on the economy for the next 50 or 100 years , '' says McAfee , `` I do n't talk to anyone in the field who believes that . '' Innovations like Watson have the potential to render humans obsolete with the professional , white-collar , low-skilled , creative fields , and other `` mental jobs '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c133e2ef83aa978d61e675ba0187abc", "text": "AppleCare AppleCare is Apple 's brand name for extended warranty and technical support plans for their devices . Apple hardware normally has a one-year limited warranty and includes 90 days of technical support by telephone . Customers can obtain extended warranty coverage and technical support , which extends the length and expands the scope of coverage , by buying an AppleCare plan . The AppleCare Protection Plan is available for many Apple products including Mac computers and displays , iPhones and iPads , Apple Watches , and Apple TV . AppleCare plans include Apple software associated with the covered hardware . Customers can also buy additional support and training through AppleCare .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f46561196c56583d00983eac1a1524cf", "text": "Service economy Service economy can refer to one or both of two recent economic developments : The increased importance of the service sector in industrialized economies . The current list of Fortune 500 companies contains more service companies and fewer manufacturers than in previous decades . The relative importance of service in a product offering . The service economy in developing countries is mostly concentrated in financial services , hospitality , retail , health , human services , information technology and education . Products today have a higher service component than in previous decades . In the management literature this is referred to as the servitization of products or a product-service system . Virtually every product today has a service component to it . The old dichotomy between product and service has been replaced by a service-product continuum . Many products are being transformed into services . For example , IBM treats its business as a service business . Although it still manufactures computers , it sees the physical goods as a small part of the `` business solutions '' industry . They have found that the price elasticity of demand for `` business solutions '' is much less than for hardware . There has been a corresponding shift to a subscription pricing model . Rather than receiving a single payment for a piece of manufactured equipment , many manufacturers are now receiving a steady stream of revenue for ongoing contracts . Full cost accounting and most accounting reform and monetary reform measures are usually thought to be impossible to achieve without a good model of the service economy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e898c990067ee90494b10ccdf799f617", "text": "PowerBook 1400 The PowerBook 1400 was a notebook computer designed and sold by Apple Computer ( now Apple Inc. ) from 1996 to 1998 as part of their PowerBook series of Macintosh computers . Introduced in November 1996 at a starting price of $ 2499 , it was the first new PowerBook after the controversial PowerBook 5300 . After the introduction of the more powerful PowerBook 3400 in February 1997 , the 1400 took on the role of Apple 's entry level notebook and remained there until its discontinuation in May 1998 . Its successor , the PowerBook G3 Series ( i.e. - `` Wallstreet '' / `` Mainstreet '' ) would ultimately go on to replace and consolidate not only the 1400 , but the 2400 and 3400 as well . Throughout its 18 months on the market , the PowerBook 1400 was available in a number of different configurations . It was originally released with a 117 MHz PowerPC 603e processor ; a 133 MHz processor was added in July 1997 , and the line topped out with a 166 MHz processor the following December . Each version was available as either a `` c '' or a `` cs '' model , differentiated largely by type of LCD technology used . While both models came with 11.3 '' color displays with 800 x 600 resolution , the pricier 1400c came equipped with an active matrix display and the 1400cs came with a less expensive passive matrix , dual-scan display . The optional 6x CD-ROM was implemented using a sleep-swappable module system similar to the one pioneered by the PowerBook 5300 ; other modules included a Zip drive and the standard 1.4 MB floppy ( an 8x CD-ROM would eventually become standard on the 133 MHz model ) . A pioneering feature of the 1400 was the `` BookCover '' laptop skin which allowed owners the opportunity to give their PowerBook a customized look . Every 1400 shipped with a gray cover , a clear cover , and six inserts ; a ClarisWorks template was also included as an `` extra '' on the system restore CD , from which users could design their own BookCover . The 1400 was easily upgradeable . System memory modules could be `` piggy-backed '' onto each other ( another feature unique to the 1400 ) , allowing the use of additional RAM . The CPU was located on a removable daughter card , which could be replaced with one containing a faster processor , including a number of commercially available cards with PowerPC G3 processors from vendors such as Sonnet Technologies , NewerTech , and Vimage . Aside from its two PC Card slots , the 1400 also included an internal expansion slot . Although few applications were ever developed to utilize it , Apple did release their own branded video card which included an increased amount of VRAM and an external video port . Other devices included a third-party video card , as well as a relatively rare Ethernet networking card . There are several well-known issues concerning the PowerBook 1400 . Like all other PowerBooks prior to the PowerBook G4 , the drive controller used in the 1400 is incompatible with ATA-6 hard drives . Compatibility issues could also arise with hard drives larger than 8.2 GB , resolvable by partitioning the boot drive to less than 8.2 GB or by using Mac OS 8.6 or later . Additionally , unlike all Apple notebooks to come after it , the 1400 would not boot from a CD by holding down the `` C '' key while starting the machine ; the only workarounds for this were selecting the CD in the Startup Disk control panel before rebooting , or pressing the Command-Opt-Shift-Del keys . According to Low End Mac the 117 MHz model is a `` compromised Mac '' due to the lack of a level 2 cache .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "d952ffc0b5043a9d02b2d813dfd8ea73", "text": "San Junipero `` San Junipero '' is the fourth episode of the third series of British science fiction anthology series Black Mirror . Written by series creator and showrunner Charlie Brooker and directed by Owen Harris , it premiered on Netflix on 21 October 2016 , together with the rest of series three . The episode , set in 1987 in a beach resort town named San Junipero , tells the story of Yorkie ( Mackenzie Davis ) , a shy young woman visiting the town and falling in love with a regular visitor , Kelly ( Gugu Mbatha-Raw ) . It received critical acclaim , with many calling it the best episode of series three and for being more cheerful and positive than other Black Mirror episodes . The episode won the GLAAD Media Award for Outstanding Individual Episode .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "37df08fb8d84408f90ee05b999c3d783", "text": "Supernova (TV series) Supernova is a British comedy television programme produced by Hartswood Films and jointly commissioned by the BBC in the UK and UKTV in Australia . It follows Dr Paul Hamilton ( Rob Brydon ) , a Welsh astronomer , who leaves a dull academic post and unloved girlfriend for a new job at the Royal Australian Observatory , deep in the Australian outback . The comedy centres on his difficulties adjusting to life in the outback and his eccentric fellow astronomers . The first series was released in the United Kingdom and Australia in October 2005 and consisted of six 30-minute episodes . The second series began airing on 3 August 2006 in the UK . The exterior scenes were shot at Broken Hill in New South Wales , Australia . The observatory itself is a CGI creation , according to the DVD commentary , and only a partial doorway was constructed on site for filming purposes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3300399f5b15b99096d6d3e476e14794", "text": "Instinct (Orphan Black) `` Instinct '' is the second episode of the first season of the Canadian science fiction television series Orphan Black . It first aired in Canada on Space and the United States on BBC America on 6 April 2013 . The episode was written by Graeme Manson and directed by John Fawcett . The plot follows Sarah Manning ( played by Tatiana Maslany ) as she continues to impersonate Beth Childs , a woman who looks identical to Sarah , in order to take Beth 's money after seeing her commit suicide . In the episode , Sarah deals with the aftermath of the death of another identical woman , Katja Obinger , and begins to discover more lookalikes . Maslany plays each of the identical women ; `` Instinct '' marked the first episode in which more than one of Maslany 's characters was present in a single shot , which necessitated specific planning and technology to film and edit these scenes . The episode received positive reviews from critics , who praised the episode 's plot development and Maslany 's performance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5a270c4a6df40a620f2bea25f6bba83", "text": "Jennifer Black Jennifer Black is a Scottish actress notable for playing Stella Urquhart in the film Local Hero and DCS Gill Templer in the TV series Rebus . She has also appeared in The Bill , River City , Hi De Hi and Taggart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0cb1b42e0a949eaf2cee3dadcf286880", "text": "Southern Ontario Gothic Southern Ontario Gothic is a subgenre of the Gothic novel genre and a feature of Canadian literature that comes from Southern Ontario . This region includes Toronto , Southern Ontario 's major industrial cities ( Windsor , London , Hamilton , St. Thomas , Oshawa , St. Catharines ) , and the surrounding countryside . While the genre may also feature other areas of Ontario , Canada , and the world as narrative locales , this region provides the core settings . The term was first used in Graeme Gibson 's Eleven Canadian Novelists ( 1972 ) to recognize an existing tendency to apply aspects of the Gothic novel to writing based in and around Southern Ontario . In an interview with Timothy Findley , Gibson commented that Findley 's novel The Last of the Crazy People shared similarities with the American Southern Gothic genre , to which Findley replied , '' ... sure , it 's Southern Gothic : Southern Ontario Gothic . '' Notable writers of this subgenre include Alice Munro , Margaret Atwood , Robertson Davies , Jane Urquhart , Marian Engel , James Reaney and Barbara Gowdy . Like the Southern Gothic of American writers such as William Faulkner , Flannery O'Connor and Eudora Welty , Southern Ontario Gothic analyzes and critiques social conditions such as race , gender , religion and politics , but in a Southern Ontario context . Southern Ontario Gothic is generally characterized by a stern realism set against the dour small-town Protestant morality stereotypical of the region , and often has underlying themes of moral hypocrisy . Actions and people that act against humanity , logic , and morality all are portrayed unfavourably , and one or more characters may be suffering from some form of mental illness . In a review of Alice Munro 's Dear Life for Quill & Quire , literary critic James Grainger writes that `` Violence , illness , and reputations ruined by a single indiscretion are accepted in Munro 's secretive , repressed communities as a kind of levelling mechanism , rough justice for those who dare to strive for something finer . '' The Gothic novel has traditionally examined the role of evil in the human soul , and has incorporated dark or horrific imagery to create the desired setting . Some ( but not all ) writers of Southern Ontario Gothic use supernatural or magic realist elements ; a few deviate from realism entirely , in the manner of the fantastical gothic novel . Virtually all dwell to a certain extent upon the grotesque . Notable works of the genre include Davies ' Deptford Trilogy , Findley 's Headhunter , Atwood 's Alias Grace and The Blind Assassin , and Munro 's Selected Stories . The genre has been criticised as having `` little or nothing to distinguish it from everyday , garden-variety type realism . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a533cdbbdd534440e2b99ab0264bcfa", "text": "Flashback (Star Trek: Voyager) `` Flashback '' is the 44th episode of the American science fiction television series Star Trek : Voyager airing on the UPN network . It is the second episode of the third season . The series follows the adventures of the Federation starship Voyager during its journey home to Earth , having been stranded tens of thousands of light-years away . In this episode , Captain Janeway must help Lt. Tuvok delve into his past to understand a memory triggered by the sight of a spatial phenomenon . This episode was produced , along with Star Trek : Deep Space Nines `` Trials and Tribble-ations '' as part of the Star Trek franchise 's 30th anniversary . It is noteworthy for featuring characters of the Original Series and related feature films , most noticeably Hikaru Sulu ( George Takei ) and Janice Rand ( Grace Lee Whitney ) . Both characters appear by means of a flashback by Tuvok , relating to some of the events previously depicted in the film Star Trek VI : The Undiscovered Country . The episode was premiered at the fan-run not-for-profit UK convention `` Delta Quadrant '' held at the Britannia Hotel in Birmingham City Centre in August 1996 . The episode was first shown during the evening of 9 August 1996 from a VHS video cassette in the care of the convention 's organiser Bob Hollocks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "61aaf6c87bf853eee29848fc073a8f43", "text": "The Curse of the Black Spot `` The Curse of the Black Spot '' is the third episode of the sixth series of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who . Written by Stephen Thompson , and directed by Jeremy Webb , the episode was first broadcast on 7 May 2011 on BBC One in the United Kingdom and on BBC America in the United States . It features the Doctor ( Matt Smith ) and his companions Amy Pond ( Karen Gillan ) and Rory Williams ( Arthur Darvill ) . In the episode , the TARDIS materialises in the 17th century on board a pirate ship whose crew is being terrorised by a Siren-like creature . After receiving an injury , however minor , a black spot appears on their palms and then the creature apparently disintegrates them . The producers wished to develop a pirate-themed episode for the sixth series and allow the protagonists to `` sit back and have some fun '' on the adventure . The episode was primarily filmed at a dock in Cornwall and Upper Boat Studios in Wales . `` The Curse of the Black Spot '' was seen by 7.85 million viewers and received generally mixed reviews from critics . It gained an audience Appreciation Index of 86 -- considered excellent .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "602c9cf7800c03aa10b8884250562f97", "text": "Santa Monica Mirror The Santa Monica Mirror is a weekly community newspaper which covers Santa Monica , Brentwood , Pacific Palisades , Venice , and Marina del Rey in the U.S. state of California . It circulates around 22,000 subscriptions weekly . The Mirror focuses on local happenings , events , sports , and arts . The Mirror also has a daily updated site with all current and breaking news in Santa Monica and the local area . The paper 's stories are written by local residents .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93b340b11ac156cccd93e0f0936f0e7a", "text": "The Black Adder The Black Adder is the first series of the BBC sitcom Blackadder , written by Richard Curtis and Rowan Atkinson , directed by Martin Shardlow and produced by John Lloyd . The series was originally aired on BBC One from 15 June 1983 to 20 July 1983 , and was a joint production with the Australian Seven Network . Set in 1485 at the end of the British Middle Ages , the series is written as a secret history which contends that King Richard III won the Battle of Bosworth Field , only to be unintentionally assassinated by his nephew Edmund and succeeded by Richard IV , one of the Princes in the Tower . The series follows the exploits of Richard IV 's unfavoured second son Edmund ( who calls himself `` The Black Adder '' ) in his various attempts to increase his standing with his father and , in the final episode , his quest to overthrow him . Conceived while Atkinson and Curtis were working on Not the Nine O'Clock News , the series covers a number of medieval issues in Britain in a humorous and often anachronistic manner -- witchcraft , royal succession , European relations , the Crusades and the conflict between the Crown and the Church . The filming of the series was highly ambitious , with a large cast and much location shooting . Shakespearean dialogue is sometimes adapted for comic effect . Despite winning an International Emmy , The Black Adder is generally regarded as the weakest series of Blackadder , even by its creators .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9772e8f437d474e0feae2a902c1af71c", "text": "Broken World (Millennium) '' ` Broken World '' is the twentieth episode of the first season of the American crime-thriller television series Millennium . It premiered on the Fox network on May 2 , 1997 . The episode was written by Robert Moresco and Patrick Harbinson , and directed by Winrich Kolbe . `` Broken World '' featured guest appearances by Ingrid Kavelaars , Donnelly Rhodes and Jo Anderson . Millennium Group consultant Frank Black ( Lance Henriksen ) travels to North Dakota to track down a burgeoning serial killer who has progressed from mauling horses to attacking and killing people . `` Broken World '' featured the last directorial effort for the series by Kolbe , and the last script written by Moresco ; however , Harbinson would return to write further episodes in later seasons . The episode has been compared to Peter Shaffer 's 1973 play Equus , and received a Genesis Award from the Humane Society of the United States in 1998 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "955de93aba8f65459d3c0722dc962680", "text": "Treehouse of Horror IV `` Treehouse of Horror IV '' is the fifth episode of The Simpsons ' fifth season and the fourth episode in the Treehouse of Horror series of Halloween specials . It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on October 28 , 1993 , and features three short stories called `` The Devil and Homer Simpson '' , `` Terror at 5 1/2 Feet '' , and `` Bart Simpson 's Dracula '' . The episode was directed by David Silverman and co-written by Conan O'Brien , Bill Oakley , Josh Weinstein , Greg Daniels , Dan McGrath , and Bill Canterbury . In `` The Devil and Homer Simpson '' , Homer Simpson announces he would sell his soul for a doughnut , and the Devil appears to make a deal with Homer . Homer tries to outsmart the Devil by not finishing the doughnut but eventually eats it and is sent to Hell . A trial is held between Homer and the Devil to determine the rightful owner of Homer 's soul . In `` Terror at 5 1/2 Feet '' , while riding the bus to school , Bart Simpson believes he sees a gremlin taking apart the bus piece by piece . Nobody sees it except for Bart , so he tries to remove it on his own . In `` Bart Simpson 's Dracula '' , Mr. Burns is a vampire and Bart falls victim to his bite . Lisa and the rest of the family go to Burns ' castle to kill Burns so Bart can return to normal . As with the rest of the Halloween specials , the episode is considered non-canon and falls outside of the show 's regular continuity . The episode makes cultural references to television series such as The Twilight Zone , Night Gallery , and Peanuts . References are also made to films such as Bram Stoker 's Dracula and The Lost Boys . Since airing , the episode has received mostly positive reviews from television critics . It acquired a Nielsen rating of 14.5 , and was the highest-rated show on the Fox network the week it aired .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c21ae187c6addcb69a357945512b638", "text": "Mrs. California `` Mrs. California '' is the ninth episode of the eighth season of the American comedy television series The Office , and the show 's 161st episode overall . `` Mrs. California '' aired on NBC in the United States on December 1 , 2011 . The episode was written by consulting producer Dan Greaney , marking his first writing credit for the series , and was directed by Charlie Grandy . The series -- presented as if it were a real documentary -- depicts the everyday lives of office employees in the Scranton , Pennsylvania , branch of the fictional Dunder Mifflin Paper Company . In the episode , Robert California ( James Spader ) brings his wife ( Maura Tierney ) into the office for a job , and tells Andy Bernard ( Ed Helms ) behind her back not to give her one . Meanwhile , Dwight Schrute ( Rainn Wilson ) opens a gym in the building and tries to get Darryl Philbin ( Craig Robinson ) to join it . Tierney was brought in to play the role of California 's wife because showrunner Paul Lieberstein stated that he was `` a big fan of hers '' . `` Mrs. California '' received mixed responses from television critics . According to Nielsen Media Research , the episode received 5.74 million viewers and received a 2.9 rating/7 % share among adults between the ages of 18 and 49 , staying even with the ratings from the previous episode , `` Gettysburg '' . The episode also ranked at first in its time slot .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8cf0f6b6469c15daa6d98a030c18477", "text": "Looking After Jo Jo Looking After Jo Jo is a 1998 BBC Scotland television drama starring Robert Carlyle . John Joseph ( Jo Jo ) McCann ( Carlyle ) has been a habitual criminal since childhood , when he pilfered cash boxes for his dad . He 's been in and out of prison ever since . He lives in a high rise council flat with his mother and sister . It is set in and around the North Sighthill housing estate . Looking After JoJo traces the career of a petty thief turned drug dealer in 1980 's Edinburgh . The title character is a pleasant if misguided young man surviving in a bleak housing estate and aspiring to the trappings of a successful criminal . Unfortunately for him , and for most of the other characters in the mini-series , it is a time of heroin addiction and AIDS . We watch JoJo become ensnared in the drugs scene and his deterioration is both painful to watch and very moving . Robert Carlyle 's performance is extraordinarily complex and textured . He is ably supported by Jenny McCrindle , Ewan Stewart and Trainspotting 's Kevin McKidd . This is n't the fast-moving MTV drug scene of Trainspotting but a more character-oriented , leisurely look at the human cost of drug addiction .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ddf066fac604b5da08cb5932d16ba1c8", "text": "Black Tie Nights Black Tie Nights was a softcore drama anthology series which aired on Cinemax in the United States from 2004 to 2005 . This anthology show revolved around the adventures of Olivia Hartley and Cooper Snow who ran Black Tie dating service . They were assisted by their geeky sidekick , Ryan Lundy . Each week they would encounter new or returning customers and try to play matchmaker . The first season had two main subplots that continued in each episode . The first was the budding romance between Ryan and Cooper . The second was Olivia getting over the loss of her husband and dating again . In the second season , the show was retooled . The anthology series was renamed Hollywood Sexcapades and the characters of Olivia and Cooper were said to be out of the country opening a new branch . Candi Hicks , a recurring customer in the first season , became the new employee of Black Tie dating service . She and Ryan ( who was no longer nerdish ) partnered to run the company , and the continuing subplot was the budding romance between these two characters . Each week they would continue to try to play matchmaker to that episode 's guest stars .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c9c9f93b8635c8af42e45e32a519805", "text": "Episode 3 (Twin Peaks) `` Episode 3 '' , later also known as `` Rest in Pain '' , is the fourth episode of the first season of the American mystery television series Twin Peaks . The episode was written by Harley Peyton , and directed by Tina Rathborne . `` Episode 3 '' features series regulars Kyle MacLachlan , Michael Ontkean and Ray Wise , and introduces Sheryl Lee 's second role , Maddy Ferguson . Rathborne has highlighted the episode 's introduction of Jungian analytical psychology to the series . She also described MacLachlan 's character Dale Cooper as not only a wholesome , grounded anchor against which the series ' more bizarre elements could be contrasted ; but as the central component of the series ' coming-of-age `` Bildungsroman '' narrative . `` Episode 3 '' was first broadcast on April 26 , 1990 , and was viewed by approximately 18 percent of the available audience in its initial airing . The episode received positive reviews from critics , with its mix of comedy and tragedy seen as a highlight , and Miguel Ferrer 's character Albert Rosenfield singled out as a particularly successful example of this . The episode also drew praise from The New York Times for its compelling and unusual cast of characters .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b59f8586904f857d05e490aa1d23b6a2", "text": "Shortland Street Shortland Street is a New Zealand prime-time soap opera centring on the fictitious Shortland Street Hospital , first broadcast on TVNZ 2 on 25 May 1992 . It is the country 's longest-running drama and soap opera , being broadcast continuously for over 6,000 episodes and 25 years , and is one of the most watched television programmes in New Zealand . The show was originally screened as five half-hour episodes each week and initially receiving mixed reviews on its premiere . After its launch it dropped in ratings and would have been cancelled if TVNZ had not ordered a year 's worth of episodes in advance . TVNZ renewed the production in early 1993 when the show 's rating had picked up , and it now has `` long-term public enthusiasm '' . Today , it is one of New Zealand 's highest-rated shows , frequently making AGB Nielsen Media Research 's top 5 programmes of the week .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07cd83192e2fa12eba1d135cfbd1198e", "text": "Neighbours Neighbours is an Australian television soap opera . It was first broadcast on the Seven Network on 18 March 1985 . It was created by TV executive Reg Watson , who proposed the idea of making a show that focused on realistic stories and portrayed adults and teenagers who talk openly and solve their problems together . Seven decided to commission the show following the success of Watson 's Sons and Daughters , which aired on the network . Although successful in Melbourne , Neighbours underperformed in the Sydney market and struggled for months before Seven cancelled it . The show was immediately bought by rival network Ten . After taking over production of the show , the new network had to build replica sets because Seven destroyed the originals to prevent its rival from obtaining them . Ten began screening Neighbours on 20 January 1986 , taking off where the previous series left off and commencing with episode 171 . Neighbours has since become the longest running drama series in Australian television and in 2005 , it was inducted collectively into the Logie Hall of Fame . On 11 January 2011 , Neighbours moved to Ten 's digital channel , Eleven . The show 's storylines concern the domestic and professional lives of the people who live and work in Erinsborough , a fictional suburb of Melbourne , Victoria . The series primarily centres on the residents of Ramsay Street , a short cul-de-sac , and its neighbouring area , the Lassiters complex , which includes a bar , hotel , cafe , police station , lawyers ' office and park . Neighbours began with three families created by Watson -- the Ramsays , the Robinsons and the Clarkes . Watson said that he wanted to show three families who are friends living in a small street . The Robinsons and the Ramsays had a long history and were involved in an ongoing rivalry . Pin Oak Court , in Vermont South , is the real cul-de-sac that has doubled for Ramsay Street since 1985 . All of the houses featured are real and the residents allow the production to shoot external scenes in their yards . The interior scenes are filmed at the Global Television studios in Forest Hill . Through its entire run in Australia , Neighbours has been screened as a twenty-two-minute episode each week night in an early-evening slot . In Australia it is currently broadcast each weeknight at 6:30 pm on Eleven . The show is produced by FremantleMedia and has been sold to over sixty countries around the world , making it one of Australia 's most successful media exports . Neighbours was first screened in the United Kingdom in October 1986 on BBC1 where it achieved huge popularity among British audiences in the late 1980s and 1990s . In 2008 , it moved to the UK 's Channel 5 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f5e571d0573dd2b9a58c12bfac25ceb", "text": "Black and White Lodges The Black Lodge is a fictional setting featured in the television series Twin Peaks . It is an extradimensional place which seems to include , primarily , the `` Red Room '' first seen by Agent Cooper in a dream early in the series . As events in the series unfold , it becomes apparent that the characters from the Red Room , the room itself and the Black Lodge , along with the White Lodge , are connected .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "adfb781e1d7bf0df497312d2d55fb56e", "text": "A Star Is Burns `` A Star Is Burns '' is the eighteenth episode of The Simpsons ' sixth season . It first aired on the Fox network in the United States on March 5 , 1995 . In the episode , Springfield decides to hold a film festival , and famed critic Jay Sherman is invited to be a judge . The story involves a crossover with the short-lived animated series The Critic . Jay Sherman was the main character on the show . The Critic was created by Al Jean and Mike Reiss , who had previously written for The Simpsons but left following the fourth season , and produced by James L. Brooks , who was also a producer for The Simpsons . The show had premiered on the American Broadcasting Company ( ABC ) network in January 1994 but was canceled despite positive critical reception . The series was switched over to Fox , and put in the timeslot directly after The Simpsons . Brooks pitched a crossover episode as a way to promote The Critic and decided that a film festival would be a good way to introduce Sherman . Matt Groening , creator of The Simpsons , reacted negatively when he heard about this episode , feeling that it was just an advertisement for The Critic , and that people would incorrectly associate the show with him . When he was unsuccessful in getting the program pulled , he had his name removed from the credits and went public with his concerns , openly criticizing James L. Brooks . The episode was directed by Susie Dietter and was the first episode to be written by Ken Keeler . Jon Lovitz , the star of The Critic , guest stars as Jay Sherman , while Maurice LaMarche ( who was also a regular on The Critic ) has a few minor roles . The episode received mixed reviews from critics , many of whom felt the crossover was out of place on the show , although Barney 's film festival entry was well received .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9561d0c5a2922b78f821f5b1b56146b5", "text": "Is It Bill Bailey? Is It Bill Bailey ? was a stand up / sketch comedy series written by and starring Bill Bailey . One series of six episodes was produced and aired on BBC Two in 1998 , and it has never been recommissioned or released on DVD . It was to have been repeated for the first time since original transmission on Dave from 23 September 2008 , but was dropped from the schedules a few days before broadcast . Each episode featured Bailey performing stand-up comedy on stage , interspersed with sketches starring himself and other actors . As well as performing parodies of pop songs or performers , Bailey would deconstruct music from television shows such as Doctor Who or Starsky and Hutch . The programme was produced by BBC Scotland and many of the sketches feature Scottish actors such as Forbes Masson and Ford Kiernan . Geraldine McNulty , Norman Lovett and Simon Pegg also feature . Additional material was also contributed by frequent collaborators Sean Lock and Martin Trenaman . The shows were directed by Edgar Wright , who went on to direct the sitcom Spaced and the films Shaun of the Dead and Hot Fuzz , all of which starred Simon Pegg . Bailey had a cameo in Hot Fuzz , as well as a small role in Spaced . Bailey was also approached to appear in Shaun of the Dead as a zombie , but was busy with other engagements at the time . Many songs and routines featured in the show were first performed in his Cosmic Jam tour and TV show Asylum and several were later used during his Bewilderness tour . The title is derived from the Rizla game ( `` Guess Who 's You '' ) , the opening credits of the show showing Bill with a Rizla on his forehead , bearing his own name .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b47703bf117fcc7e10bcf9d9f1c9eb9d", "text": "The Juniper Tree The Juniper Tree can refer to : The Juniper Tree ( fairy tale ) , a fairy tale by the Brothers Grimm The Juniper Tree ( film ) , a 1990 film starring Björk The Juniper Tree ( opera ) , an 1985 opera composed by Philip Glass and Robert Moran The Juniper Tree , an 1997 opera by Roderick Watkins ( music ) and Patricia Debney ( libretto ) The Juniper Tree ( novel ) , a novel by Barbara Comyns Carr ( 1985 ) The Juniper Tree , an opera by Joshua Ollswang Juniper , a plant in the genus Juniperus", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "c72d76e576d308ade67c788fa23acf0b", "text": "Cory Monteith Cory Allan Michael Monteith ( -LSB- mɒnˈtiːθ -RSB- May 11 , 1982 July 13 , 2013 ) was a Canadian actor and musician , known for his role as Finn Hudson on the Fox television series Glee . As an actor based in British Columbia , Monteith had minor roles on television series before an audition tape of him singing `` Ca n't Fight This Feeling '' resulted in him being cast on Glee . Following his success on Glee , Monteith 's film work included the movie Monte Carlo and a starring role in Sisters & Brothers . Monteith had a troubled adolescence involving substance abuse from age 13 ; he left school at age 16 . After an intervention by family and friends he entered drug rehabilitation at age 19 . In a 2011 interview with Parade magazine , he discussed his history of substance abuse as a teen , and in March 2013 , he again sought treatment for addiction . On July 13 , 2013 , he died of a toxic combination of heroin and alcohol in a Vancouver hotel room .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "9195e8a56187f75f85963342f7753fda", "text": "Fire (Part 1) `` Fire '' ( Part 1 ) is the season premiere of the fourth season of the American police drama television series Homicide : Life on the Street . It originally aired on NBC on October 20 , 1995 . The episode was written by Julie Martin ( from a story by Tom Fontana and Henry Bromell ) and was directed by Tim Hunter . The two-part story centres on Pembleton and Bayliss ' investigation into a pair of arson-related homicides , and introduces a new regular character , Arson Squad detective Mike Kellerman ( played by Reed Diamond ) , who subsequently transfers to Homicide and partners with Det. Meldrick Lewis . This episode also flagged the permanent departure of regular characters Stanley Bolander ( Ned Beatty ) and Beau Felton ( Daniel Baldwin ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88d59fdfe2c26bb5682bfde39b0f4d4b", "text": "Dance with Somebody (Glee) `` Dance with Somebody '' is the seventeenth episode of the third season of the American musical television series Glee , and the sixty-first overall . Written by Ross Maxwell and directed by Paris Barclay , the episode aired on Fox in the United States on April 24 , 2012 . It is a special tribute episode to Whitney Houston , who died ten weeks earlier ( February 11 ) , and features seven of her songs . Upon its initial airing , this episode attracted 6.90 million American viewers and received a 2.7 / 8 Nielsen rating/share in the 18 -- 49 demographic , an increase of over 10 % from the 2.4 / 7 rating/share and 6.23 million viewers of the previous episode , `` Saturday Night Glee-ver '' , which was broadcast on April 17 , 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09facf90d54515f256aaced44ca8b7d0", "text": "Timothée Chalamet Timothée Chalamet ( -LSB- ˈtɪməθi_ˈʃæləmeɪ -RSB- born December 26 , 1995 ) is an American actor . He is known for playing Finn Walden in the drama series Homeland . In 2014 , he appeared in the films Men , Women & Children and Interstellar . He also had roles on the television series Law & Order and Royal Pains , and in the television film Loving Leah . In 2017 , he stars in the romance drama Call Me by Your Name .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "acb2080c4c4bddcb1f48e11e9b65d07d", "text": "Dan Domenech Dan Domenech is an American actor best known for his portrayal of Drew in the Broadway theatre musical Rock of Ages ( musical ) and a recurring guest appearance on Glee ( TV series ) . Domenech has also appeared in the pre-Broadway runs of Wonderland ( musical ) and Sister Act ( musical ) . National/International tours include Rent ( musical ) and Rock of Ages ( musical ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e3681aa0087f5f31ff278df7d902e41a", "text": "Glee Live! In Concert! Glee Live ! In Concert ! is a concert tour performed in character by members of the cast of the popular television series , Glee . The tour , created by series creator Ryan Murphy was designed due to the overwhelming response to the series . The show reached North America , the United Kingdom and Ireland . Murphy states the series ' soundtrack and concerts were an additional revenue stream for the series . The tour received great responses from both music critics and fans of the series . The first North American leg of the tour in 2010 was seen by over 70,000 spectators , generating over five million dollars in ticket sales and ranking ninth on the Billboard Hot Tours list . The 2011 tour was seen by an audience of over 485,000 and placed sixteenth on Billboard annual Top 25 Tours list , earning over $ 40 million from 40 shows .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "475af628ce36adf1f451d82b83024fc7", "text": "Britney/Brittany `` Britney/Brittany '' is the second episode of the second season of the American television series Glee , and the twenty-fourth episode overall . Written and directed by series creator Ryan Murphy , it premiered on the Fox network on September 28 , 2010 , and pays tribute to Britney Spears . Glee club member Brittany S. Pierce ( Heather Morris ) experiences an anesthesia-induced hallucination in which she recreates iconic Spears moments , and comes to self-realization , and several club members follow suit . Co-captains Rachel ( Lea Michele ) and Finn ( Cory Monteith ) experience difficulties in their relationship , and club director Will Schuester ( Matthew Morrison ) becomes jealous of guidance counselor Emma Pillsbury 's ( Jayma Mays ) new boyfriend , Dr. Carl Howell ( John Stamos ) . Following the first season episode `` The Power of Madonna '' , which served as an homage to Madonna , Murphy planned two tribute episodes for Glee second season , of which `` Britney/Brittany '' is the first . He was approached by Spears about using her songs , and deemed her one of the most important female musicians of the decade , having inspired many of the show 's young cast to pursue musical careers . Spears makes several cameos in the episode , appearing in the students ' dream sequences . `` Britney/Brittany '' was also intended as a showcase for Morris , whose character was originally a background character on the show , but was promoted to a series regular after her character proved to be a fan favorite . The episode features seven musical performances , six of which were released as singles . It was watched by 13.51 million American viewers , Glee third largest audience ever , and attracted mixed reviews from critics . ToddVanDerWerff of The A.V. Club criticized its slightness of plot and incongruous musical numbers ; however , James Poniewozik of Time praised the episode for embracing its fantasy nature . Entertainment Weekly Tim Stack was dismayed by the close recreations of Spears videos , preferring Glee more original interpretations of its cover versions , yet MTV 's Aly Semigran felt that the performance of `` I 'm a Slave 4 U '' was one of the best sequences in the show 's history . Michele 's rendition of '' ... Baby One More Time '' attracted negative reviews , though her performance of Paramore 's `` The Only Exception '' was generally well received . Spears ' cameo received mixed reviews , with even those critics who received it favorably expressing relief that she did not appear for longer . Morris ' performance attracted critical praise , particularly for her dancing skills .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9667debada837220e171b0ef54f710bd", "text": "Ally McBeal Ally McBeal is an American legal comedy-drama television series , originally aired on Fox from September 8 , 1997 to May 20 , 2002 . Created by David E. Kelley , the series stars Calista Flockhart in the title role as a young lawyer working in the fictional Boston law firm Cage and Fish , with other young lawyers whose lives and loves were eccentric , humorous and dramatic . The series received critical acclaim in its early seasons , winning the Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series -- Musical or Comedy in 1997 and 1998 , and also winning the Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series in 1999 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7770b9470539cb6569fa9059a3f3f43c", "text": "A Katy or a Gaga `` A Katy or a Gaga '' is the fourth episode of the fifth season of the American musical television series Glee , and the ninety-second episode overall . It was written by executive producers Russel Friend & Garrett Lerner , and directed by co-creator Ian Brennan , and it aired on Fox in the United States on November 7 , 2013 . The episode features the music of Katy Perry and Lady Gaga , the debut of guest star Adam Lambert as Elliott `` Starchild '' Gilbert , and the return of special guest star Demi Lovato as Dani , Santana 's ( Naya Rivera ) girlfriend . In this episode , the glee club is challenged to perform music from either Katy Perry or Lady Gaga , whichever performer they have the least affinity for , to stretch their boundaries . Kurt decides to form a band , and is resistant to the idea that he should include Starchild in it following a highly flamboyant yet excellent audition . The episode was watched by 4.01 million viewers , and received mixed reviews from critics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec0890c02243a1e93d13b5f3ebfe05a0", "text": "List of The Fosters episodes The Fosters is an American drama series on Freeform ( then known as ABC Family ) that premiered on June 3 , 2013 . The series follows the lives of Lena Adams ( Sherri Saum ) and Stef Foster ( Teri Polo ) , the Fosters , who are an interracial , lesbian couple living in the Mission Bay area of San Diego , raising Stef 's biological son , Brandon ( David Lambert ) , along with adopted twins , Jesus ( Jake T. Austin/Noah Centineo ) and Mariana ( Cierra Ramirez ) . Lena is a charter school vice principal and Stef is a police officer . Lena decides to take in `` troubled '' teenager Callie ( Maia Mitchell ) and her younger brother Jude ( Hayden Byerly ) , who have endured a series of abusive foster homes . The show resumed its second season on January 19 , 2015 . The series was renewed for a third season on January 13 . The third season began on June 8 , 2015 , with the second half premiering on January 25 , 2016 on Freeform . On November 30 , 2015 , Freeform announced that the series was renewed for a fourth season , which premiered on June 20 , 2016 . The second half of the fourth season premiered on January 31 , 2017 , replacing the timeslot for Pretty Little Liars . On January 10 , 2017 , Freeform announced that the series was renewed for a fifth season , which will start airing on July 11 , 2017 . As of April 11 , 2017 , 82 episodes of The Fosters have aired , concluding the fourth season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "77ae8b021d1611a2bee6b52f67249473", "text": "Pilot (Glee) `` Pilot '' is the pilot episode of the American television series Glee , which premiered on the Fox network on May 19 , 2009 . An extended director 's cut version aired on September 2 , 2009 . The show focuses on a high school show choir , also known as a glee club , set within the fictional William McKinley High School in Lima , Ohio . The pilot episode covers the formation of the club and introduces the main characters . The episode was directed by series creator Ryan Murphy , and written by Murphy , Brad Falchuk and Ian Brennan . Murphy selected the music featured in the episode , with the intention of maintaining a balance between showtunes and chart hits . The episode achieved 9.619 million viewers on first broadcast , and 4.2 million when the director 's cut version aired . Critical response was mixed , with The New York Times Alessandra Stanley highlighting the episode 's unoriginality and stereotyped characters , but praising the showmanship and talent of the cast . The Daily News David Hinckley opined that the show was imperfect and implausible but `` potentially heartwarming , '' while USA Today Robert Bianco noted casting and tone problems , but commented positively on the show 's humor and musical performances . Mary McNamara for the LA Times wrote that the show had a wide audience appeal , calling it : `` the first show in a long time that 's just plain full-throttle , no-guilty-pleasure-rationalizations-necessary fun . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dbcafe600ff5efacdecd0f8510aedc5a", "text": "The Glee Club The Glee Club is a small chain of independent live stand-up comedy and live music venues in the UK . The first Glee Club was opened by Mark Tughan in Birmingham 's Chinese Quarter in 1994 , the first dedicated comedy club to open in the United Kingdom outside London . Refurbished in 2001 the Birmingham venue has two event spaces : a 420-seat main auditorium and a 150-seat studio theatre . A second branch opened in Cardiff in 2001 and is located in the Mermaid Quay development in Cardiff Bay . It has a seated capacity of 440 and a standing capacity of 600 . ITV Wales broadcast a series of eight stand up shows from the venue in 2006 . The Cardiff venue has won the Chortle Award for best venue ( Wales and West ) eight times since the awards began in 2002 . A third club opened in Oxford in April 2010 . A fourth , two room club opened in Nottingham in September 2010 . It is attached to a café bar called Café Glee . In 2014 a High Court judge ruled that the TV show Glee ` diluted and tarnished ' the reputation of The Glee Club comedy chain . In 2014 The Glee Club won the Best Comedy Club award at the Midlands Comedy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bee94399e121018bf5e95d75c20d742b", "text": "Prom Queen (Glee) `` Prom Queen '' is the twentieth episode of the second season of the American musical television series Glee , and the forty-second overall . It aired May 10 , 2011 on Fox in the United States . The episode was written by series creator Ian Brennan , directed by Eric Stoltz , and featured the return of guest star Jonathan Groff . In `` Prom Queen '' , the McKinley High School glee club New Directions is tapped to provide the music for the school 's junior prom . The episode shows the myriad dramas surrounding a high school prom , with the high-stakes race for prom king and queen that involves five members of the glee club , students scrambling to find dates and outfits , and the delights and disappointments of the prom itself . Upon its initial airing , this episode was viewed by 9.29 million American viewers and garnered a 3.7 / 11 Nielsen rating/share in the 18 -- 49 demographic . The total viewership was up slightly from the previous episode , `` Rumours '' . The episode received mixed reviews , which generally favored the final segment with the prom king and queen denouement over the earlier portions of the show . The music , however , was mostly received with enthusiasm , and special praise was given to the pre-prom renditions of `` Rolling in the Deep '' and `` Is n't She Lovely '' . Six songs were covered , all of which were released as singles and charted on the Billboard Hot 100 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "097d2e4cbd278542acd22ae5e9b45657", "text": "Mr. Broadway Mr. Broadway is an American 13-episode CBS adventure and drama television series starring Craig Stevens as New York City public relations specialist Mike Bell . The program aired at 9 p.m. Eastern time Saturdays from September 26 to December 26 , 1964 . Also featured were Bell 's assistant , Toki , portrayed by Lani Miyazaki , and his police contact , Hank McClure , played by Horace McMahon . Mr. Broadway , a Talent Associates Production , was created by Garson Kanin and produced by David Susskind and Daniel Melnick . Dave Brubeck supplied the music and theme . It was shot on location in New York City . Although ` Mr. Broadway ' was only aired 13 episodes , it featured some notable guest stars , including Jason Robards , Lauren Bacall , Tuesday Weld , Jill St. John , Art Carney and Liza Minnelli in her first dramatic TV role . Notable episodes include guest appearances by Liza Minnelli as Minnie in `` Nightingale for Sale '' ; Sandy Dennis in `` Do n't Mention My Name in Sheboygan '' , and Lauren Bacall as Barbara Lake , with Martin Balsam as Nate Bannerman , in `` Something to Sing About '' . Other episodes are `` Keep an Eye on Emily '' ( the series ' pilot ) with Tuesday Weld as Emily and Oleg Cassini as himself , `` Take a Walk Through a Cemetery '' with Lauren Bacall , again , but also with Jason Robards , Jr. , and Jill St. John , `` Try to Find a Spy '' with Barbara Feldon and Simon Oakland , `` Between the Rats and the Finks '' with Larry Hagman , Dyan Cannon , Bruce Gordon , and Patrick McVey , `` The He-She Chemistry '' with Tammy Grimes , `` Maggie , Queen of the Jungle '' , with Nina Foch in the title role , `` Smelling Like a Rose '' with Art Carney , Hal Roach , and Tina Louise , `` Bad Little Rich Girl '' with Diana Van der Vlis as Mary Beth Warren and Larry Pennell as John Chambers , `` Sticks and Stones May Break My Bones '' with Philip Abbott as Geoffrey Karr and Lola Albright as Duff Daniels . Albright had been Stevens 's co-star on Peter Gunn , and `` Pay Now , Die Later '' , the series finale , with David Wayne as John Zeck and John Ireland as Jimmy King . In the latter episode the wealthy Zeck hires Mike Bell to write his obituary ahead of his death . Mr. Broadway aired following the new sitcom Gilligan 's Island and preceding the durable Western , Gunsmoke . Its competition was the Saturday Night Movie on NBC , and the second half of The Lawrence Welk Show and the first half of The Hollywood Palace on ABC .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4256ecc6b184a5b791ba37f290c08eeb", "text": "Glee: The Music, Volume 7 Glee : The Music , Volume 7 is the eleventh soundtrack album by the cast of the American musical television series Glee . It was released by Columbia Records on December 6 , 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a83b550b671dc61202c997d639cc120", "text": "Candles (EP) Candles is the second EP and the first digital -- only EP by American rock band Hey Monday released on February 8 , 2011 through Decaydance/Columbia records . On January 27 , Hey Monday announced that a new version of `` Candles , '' an old acoustic demo of `` Candles , '' and a brand new song titled `` The One That Got Away , '' would be on the EP . The `` Candles '' music video was released on March 9 , 2011 . It has been covered by Chris Colfer ( Kurt Hummel ) and Darren Criss ( Blaine Anderson ) from Glee . The EP has one single , titled Candles , released on February 8 , 2011 . It was produced by French label 's producers Vital Song .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce4832de52bdfd8ea7510dd8d372195d", "text": "Brian Gleeson (actor) Brian Gleeson ( -LSB- ˈɡliːsən -RSB- born 14 November 1987 ) is an Irish actor . In 2011 Gleeson received an Irish Film and Television Awards nomination for best supporting role on television for Love/Hate .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef40728b73ebfd1a970de366934b5718", "text": "Glee Club (British politics) The Glee Club is a traditional event in the Liberal Assembly and UK Liberal Democrat party conference , consisting of attendees singing around a piano . It is one of the most popular fringe events in British politics and was a formative event in the lives of many British political leaders , allegedly Michael Foot amongst them . Although the Glee Club has informally existed for many years , in 1967 the first songbook ( entitled After the Count was Over ) was published by the National League of Young Liberals . Songbooks have been produced since the 1975 by Liberator , and in 2009 the 20th edition of the Liberator Songbook was published -- the 27th songbook in its publishing history . It is often combined with the Liberal Revue , a series of sketches consisting mostly of in-jokes and irreverent takes on political matters .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d2445bd011e165123b33f6fbbfa08019", "text": "Pretending (Glee song) Pretending is an original song from the second season of the American musical comedy-drama Glee , entitled New York . The episode included two other original songs : `` As Long as You 're There '' and `` Light Up the World . the song was featured on the show 's Volume 6 soundtrack . The song was written by Adam Anders , Peer Astrom and Shelly Peiken .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8f5c3bddf124c3b368fb99602b46c0c", "text": "Ian Brennan (writer) Ian Brennan ( born April 23 , 1978 ) is a television writer , actor , producer and director . He is best known for his work on the American television shows Glee and Scream Queens .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54e80c22c370da2f785a2abb7ce5d62a", "text": "Choke (Glee) `` Choke '' is the eighteenth episode of the third season of the American musical television series Glee , and the sixty-second overall . Written by Marti Noxon and directed by Michael Uppendahl , the episode aired on Fox in the United States on May 1 , 2012 , and features the first appearance of special guest star Whoopi Goldberg as Carmen Tibideaux , Dean of the New York Academy of Dramatic Arts ( NYADA ) , and the introduction of Puck 's father ( Thomas Calabro ) . Upon its initial airing , Choke attracted 6.01 million American viewers and received a 2.5 / 8 Nielsen rating/share in the 18 -- 49 demographic , down significantly from the 2.7 / 8 rating/share and 6.90 million viewers of the previous episode , `` Dance with Somebody '' , which was broadcast a week before .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "169f9b5a39f39ec076e169a761b24489", "text": "Web developer A web developer is a programmer who specializes in , or is specifically engaged in , the development of World Wide Web applications , or distributed network applications that are run over HTTP from a web server to a web browser .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5f12360bdba150690fcb95ab920c9e0", "text": "Programmer A programmer , computer programmer , developer , dev , coder , or software engineer is a person who creates computer software . The term computer programmer can refer to a specialist in one area of computer programming or to a generalist who writes code for many kinds of software . One who practices or professes a formal approach to programming may also be known as a programmer analyst . A programmer 's primary computer language ( Assembly , COBOL , C , C++ , C# , Java , Lisp , Python , etc. ) is often prefixed to these titles , and those who work in a web environment often prefix their titles with web . A range of occupations , including : software developer , web developer , mobile applications developer , embedded firmware developer , software engineer , computer scientist , or software analyst , while they do involve programming , also require a range of other skills . The use of the simple term programmer for these positions is sometimes considered an insulting or derogatory oversimplification .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "09002ce85c32e8ce3c11c3187713ad63", "text": "Language construct A language construct is a syntactically allowable part of a program that may be formed from one or more lexical tokens in accordance with the rules of a programming language . In simpler terms , it is the syntax/way a programming language is written . The term `` language construct '' is often used as a synonym for control structure , and should not be confused with a function .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3099c57b71c64d5f3863b69f95d36dc4", "text": "Document processor A document processor is a computer application that superficially resembles a word processor -- but emphasizes the visual layout of the document 's components , above creation and formatting of text . Document processor tools are not just typical document elements -- paragraphs , lists , headers , etc. . The primary attraction of a document processor is the ability to program documents with strong layout controls and powerful conditional automatic formatting rules that create structured documents . This facilitates creating large numbers of similar elements generated and reformatted for different media with little human effort . Examples of document processors include programs like PTC Arbortext APP ( formerly Advent 3B2 , ) Adobe FrameMaker , LyX , BroadVision QuickSilver ( formerly Interleaf TPS , ) and Syntext Serna . Examples of markup languages used for non-graphical document processing include SGML/XML , LaTeX and troff .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8de3bad9fcb7d9ba3710974e4abfa3c1", "text": "Symbolic programming In computer programming , symbolic programming is a programming paradigm in which the program can manipulate its own formulas and program components as if they were plain data . Through symbolic programming , complex processes can be developed that build other more intricate processes by combining smaller units of logic or functionality . Thus , such programs can effectively modify themselves and appear to `` learn '' , which makes them better suited for applications such as artificial intelligence , expert systems , natural language processing , and computer games . Languages that support symbolic programming include Wolfram Language , LISP and Prolog .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bf61341df2972c475d2883c71ff2fff3", "text": "Website wireframe A website wireframe , also known as a page schematic or screen blueprint , is a visual guide that represents the skeletal framework of a website . Wireframes are created for the purpose of arranging elements to best accomplish a particular purpose . The purpose is usually being informed by a business objective and a creative idea . The wireframe depicts the page layout or arrangement of the website 's content , including interface elements and navigational systems , and how they work together . The wireframe usually lacks typographic style , color , or graphics , since the main focus lies in functionality , behavior , and priority of content . In other words , it focuses on what a screen does , not what it looks like . Wireframes can be pencil drawings or sketches on a whiteboard , or they can be produced by means of a broad array of free or commercial software applications . Wireframes are generally created by business analysts , user experience designers , developers , visual designers , and by those with expertise in interaction design , information architecture and user research . Wireframes focus on : The range of functions available The relative priorities of the information and functions The rules for displaying certain kinds of information The effect of different scenarios on the display The website wireframe connects the underlying conceptual structure , or information architecture , to the surface , or visual design of the website . Wireframes help establish functionality and the relationships between different screen templates of a website . An iterative process , creating wireframes is an effective way to make rapid prototypes of pages , while measuring the practicality of a design concept . Wireframing typically begins between `` high-level structural work -- like flowcharts or site maps -- and screen designs . '' Within the process of building a website , wireframing is where thinking becomes tangible . Aside from websites , wireframes are utilized for the prototyping of mobile sites , computer applications , or other screen-based products that involve human-computer interaction .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db4bd8c1a571dafa82ed5a07d86bf3fc", "text": "End-user development End-user development ( EUD ) or end-user programming ( EUP ) refers to activities and tools that allow end-users -- people who are not professional software developers -- to program computers . People who are not professional developers can use EUD tools to create or modify software artifacts ( descriptions of automated behavior ) and complex data objects without significant knowledge of a programming language . According to statistics from the U.S. Bureau of Labor and Statistics , by 2012 , there will be more than 55 million end user developers in the United States , compared with fewer than 3 million professional programmers . Various EUD approaches exist , and it is an active research topic within the field of computer science and human-computer interaction . Examples include spreadsheets , scripting languages ( particularly in an office suite or art application ) , visual programming , trigger-action programming and programming by example . The most popular EUD tool is the spreadsheet . Due to their unrestricted nature , spreadsheets allow relatively un-sophisticated computer users to write programs that represent complex data models , while shielding them from the need to learn lower-level programming languages . Because of their common use in business , spreadsheet skills are among the most beneficial skills for a graduate employee to have , and are therefore the most commonly sought after In the United States of America alone , there are an estimated 13 million end user developers programming with spreadsheets Early attempts in End-user development were centered on adding simple scripting programming languages to extend and adapt an existing application , such as an office suite . More recent research tries to bring programming closer to the needs of end users . The Programming by example ( PbE ) approach reduces the need for the user to learn the abstractions of a classic programming language . The user instead introduces some examples of the desired results or operations that should be performed on the data , and the PbE system infers some abstractions corresponding to a program that produces this output , which the user can refine . New data may then be introduced to the automatically created program , and the user can correct any mistakes made by the program in order to improve its definition . Lessons learned from EUD solutions can significantly influence the software life cycles for commercial software products , in-house intranet/extranet developments and enterprise application deployments .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d60b9f0a4b7cc070127b5c5ce0b9448b", "text": "Preprocessor In computer science , a preprocessor is a program that processes its input data to produce output that is used as input to another program . The output is said to be a preprocessed form of the input data , which is often used by some subsequent programs like compilers . The amount and kind of processing done depends on the nature of the preprocessor ; some preprocessors are only capable of performing relatively simple textual substitutions and macro expansions , while others have the power of full-fledged programming languages . A common example from computer programming is the processing performed on source code before the next step of compilation . In some computer languages ( e.g. , C and PL/I ) there is a phase of translation known as preprocessing . It can also include macro processing , file inclusion , language extensions and rational preprocessing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce7ea9ebfe2881bb50976f36c81afd32", "text": "URL A Uniform Resource Locator ( URL ) , colloquially termed a web address , is a reference to a web resource that specifies its location on a computer network and a mechanism for retrieving it . A URL is a specific type of Uniform Resource Identifier ( URI ) , although many people use the two terms interchangeably . URLs occur most commonly to reference web pages ( http ) , but are also used for file transfer ( ftp ) , email ( mailto ) , database access ( JDBC ) , and many other applications . Most web browsers display the URL of a web page above the page in an address bar . A typical URL could have the form http://www.example.com/index.html , which indicates a protocol ( http ) , a hostname ( www.example.com ) , and a file name ( index.html ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c288bf2d881e46f70a0b7d4cd965995", "text": "List of graphical user interface elements Graphical user interface elements are those elements used by graphical user interfaces ( GUIs ) to offer a consistent visual language to represent information stored in computers . These make it easier for people with few computer skills to work with and use computer software . This article explains the most common elements of visual language interfaces found in the WIMP ( `` window , icon , menu , pointer '' ) paradigm , although many are also used at other graphical post-WIMP interfaces . These elements are usually embodied in an interface using a widget toolkit or desktop environment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3997d0c7c34ecb4d8a3e16c04a72da8d", "text": "Job wrapping Job wrapping is a term used commonly to describe a process by which jobs can be captured from employer website and posted to the job boards that the employer wants to advertise them . Corporate recruiters and HR professionals who send job listings to multiple Internet employment sites can sometimes delegate those chores to the employment sites themselves under an arrangement called `` job wrapping '' . Job wrap ensures that employer job openings and updates get wrapped up regularly and posted on the job boards that they have designated . The term `` job wrapping '' is synonymous with `` spidering '' , `` scraping '' , or `` mirroring '' . Job wrapping is generally done by a third party vendor . Popular job search sites known to do job wrapping include LinkedIn , Monster , Simply Hired , Incruit and Indeed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "675be343b554229c4d9729f846b0f374", "text": "Data extraction Data extraction is the act or process of retrieving data out of ( usually unstructured or poorly structured ) data sources for further data processing or data storage ( data migration ) . The import into the intermediate extracting system is thus usually followed by data transformation and possibly the addition of metadata prior to export to another stage in the data workflow . Usually , the term data extraction is applied when ( experimental ) data is first imported into a computer from primary sources , like measuring or recording devices . Today 's electronic devices will usually present an electrical connector ( e.g. USB ) through which ` raw data ' can be streamed into a personal computer . Typical unstructured data sources include web pages , emails , documents , PDFs , scanned text , mainframe reports , spool files , classifieds , etc. . Which is further used for sales / marketing leads . Extracting data from these unstructured sources has grown into a considerable technical challenge where as historically data extraction has had to deal with changes in physical hardware formats , the majority of current data extraction deals with extracting data from these unstructured data sources , and from different software formats . This growing process of data extraction from the web is referred to as Web scraping . The act of adding structure to unstructured data takes a number of forms Using text pattern matching such as regular expressions to identify small or large-scale structure e.g. records in a report and their associated data from headers and footers ; Using a table-based approach to identify common sections within a limited domain e.g. in emailed resumes , identifying skills , previous work experience , qualifications etc. using a standard set of commonly used headings ( these would differ from language to language ) , e.g. Education might be found under Education/Qualification/Courses ; Using text analytics to attempt to understand the text and link it to other information", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aee6c780218d47fce737f462a3a36bd1", "text": "Psychology of programming The psychology of programming ( PoP ) is the field of research that deals with the psychological aspects of writing programs ( often computer programs ) . The field has also been called the empirical studies of programming ( ESP ) . It covers research into computer programmers ' cognition ; tools and methods for programming-related activities ; and programming education . Psychologically , computer programming is a human activity which involves cognitions such as reading and writing computer language , learning , problem solving , and reasoning .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea961aac90eb8511ed74b523ff9b735f", "text": "Monolithic application In software engineering , a monolithic application describes a single-tiered software application in which the user interface and data access code are combined into a single program from a single platform . A monolithic application is self-contained , and independent from other computing applications . The design philosophy is that the application is responsible not just for a particular task , but can perform every step needed to complete a particular function . Today , some personal finance applications are monolithic in the sense that they help the user carry out a complete task , end to end , and are `` private data silos '' rather than parts of a larger system of applications that work together . Some word processors are monolithic applications . These applications are sometimes associated with mainframe computers . In software engineering , a monolithic application describes a software application which is designed without modularity . Modularity is desirable , in general , as it supports reuse of parts of the application logic and also facilitates maintenance by allowing repair or replacement of parts of the application without requiring wholesale replacement . Modularity is achieved to various extents by different modularization approaches . Code-based modularity allows developers to reuse and repair parts of the application , but development tools are required to perform these maintenance functions ( e.g. the application may need to be recompiled ) . Object-based modularity provides the application as a collection of separate executable files which may be independently maintained and replaced without redeploying the entire application ( e.g. Microsoft `` dll '' files ; Sun/UNIX `` shared object '' files ) . Some object messaging capabilities allow object-based applications to be distributed across multiple computers ( e.g. Microsoft COM + ) . Service-oriented architectures use specific communication standards/protocols to communicate between modules . In its original use , the term `` monolithic '' described enormous main frame applications with no usable modularity . This -- in combination with rapid increase in computational power and therefore rapid increase in the complexity of the problems which could be tackled by software -- resulted in unmaintainable systems and the `` software crisis '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9fa25e89b665939ab21d1d22686cb8d", "text": "Semantic computing Semantic computing is a field of computing that combines elements of semantic analysis , natural language processing , data mining and related fields . Semantic computing addresses three core problems : Understanding the ( possibly naturally-expressed ) intentions ( semantics ) of users and expressing them in a machine-processable format Understanding the meanings ( semantics ) of computational content ( of various sorts , including , but is not limited to , text , video , audio , process , network , software and hardware ) and expressing them in a machine-processable format Mapping the semantics of user with that of content for the purpose of content retrieval , management , creation , etc. . The IEEE has held an International Conference on Semantic Computing since 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b3f4703b34193fe1a9e02f54c6152e9", "text": "WebQuest A WebQuest is an inquiry-oriented lesson format in which most or all the information that learners work with comes from the web . These can be created using various programs , including a simple word processing document that includes links to websites .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6088715bf0f1835d12f2dc13f9021e86", "text": "Programming languages used in most popular websites The most popular ( i.e. , the most visited ) websites have in common that they are dynamic websites . Their development typically involves server side coding , client side coding and database technology . The programming languages applied to deliver similar dynamic web content however vary vastly between sites . * data on programming languages are based on : HTTP Header information Request for file types", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a71779b3d24442758d8c87a159627bd8", "text": "World Wide Web Foundation The World Wide Web Foundation ( also Web Foundation ) is an organization dedicated to the improvement and availability of the World Wide Web . The formation of the organization was announced on September 14 , 2008 by Tim Berners-Lee at the Newseum in Washington , D.C. . The organization launched on November 15 , 2009 . One of its former board members is former British Prime Minister Gordon Brown . The mission of the organization is `` to establish the open Web as a global public good and a basic right , ensuring that everyone can access and use it freely '' . The foundation works in two areas , A free and open Web and Open Democracy , to reach the objectives of the organization . It publishes the Web Index with statistics for 86 selected countries . This organization is not related to the Open Web Foundation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a3723b78bc77e64d7eff0be4e1e4454c", "text": "Computer (disambiguation) A computer is a programmable machine that receives input , stores and manipulates data , and provides output in a useful format . Computer may also refer to : Computer , a magazine that covers current computing-related issues Human computer , a person whose job is to perform mathematical calculations Computer , a character in the cartoon series Courage the Cowardly Dog Personal computer ( PC ) , any computer useful for individuals , and intended to be operated directly by an end user OK Computer , a 1997 album by Radiohead Analog computer , a special purpose machine for computing trajectories and signal processing", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a22a105bb35bf184f2f77b886d762309", "text": "Simple.com Simple.com was an Application Service Provider founded by Sandro Pasquali and Carolynne Tilga in 1998 . Pasquali created a Web application compatible with the Internet Explorer 4 browser and Netscape Navigator 3 and 4 which gave users the tools to launch desktop , web portal , or general web applications with the quality of responsiveness of existing desktop applications over the World Wide Web . A full window management and application launching system existed , controlled by JavaScript code . The resulting user experience was like that one of desktop applications and not what would have been expected from traditional web applications . Navigation was provided via a dock of icons , or via the construction of sentences . Sentence construction took the form of `` I Want to '' > Verb > Object > Subject , such as `` I want to - buy a - book on - amazon.com '' or `` I want to - send an - email to - john '' . Because of its application nature , content was loaded dynamically , avoiding the need for page refreshes . As such , user behavior ( what is searched for , what is focused on ) could be tracked over a session . As a result , technology facilitating the targeting of advertising based on user actions ( behavioral targeting ) was also invented for the platform . Simple.com was involved in several lawsuits involving its webOS invention , notably with Computer Associates and with McAfee and Associates Simple.com may be characterized as a predecessor to the later concepts of Ajax , rich Internet applications , web desktop , etc. .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8f4daea6e4fbdb3084f01dd1d18ac333", "text": "Web design Web design encompasses many different skills and disciplines in the production and maintenance of websites . The different areas of web design include web graphic design ; interface design ; authoring , including standardised code and proprietary software ; user experience design ; and search engine optimization . Often many individuals will work in teams covering different aspects of the design process , although some designers will cover them all . The term web design is normally used to describe the design process relating to the front-end ( client side ) design of a website including writing mark up . Web design partially overlaps web engineering in the broader scope of web development . Web designers are expected to have an awareness of usability and if their role involves creating mark up then they are also expected to be up to date with web accessibility guidelines .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc6770d6edd74821404a249b3d208781", "text": "PageSpinner PageSpinner is a semi-WYSIWYG HTML editor for OS X . It is developed by Optima Systems and released as shareware , PageSpinner is WorldScript compliant and uses the WASTE text engine and the Carbon library . It was originally released for Classic Mac OS but was ported to OS X shortly after that operating system 's release . It was used by Jeffrey Zeldman for 13 years before he switched to TextMate . Version 4.0 , released in 2002 , introduced multiple undo , double-byte input support , and scroll wheel support on Mac OS X. Version 4.6.3 was deemed `` quirky and erratic '' in 2006 by the reviewer for About This Particular Macintosh . Version 5 was reviewed by MacWorld UK , which faulted its appearance for being dated , and found its price to be high for the features it provided , but the reviewer was impressed with its multiple site support and integration with Apache , OS X 's standard web server .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "e16cb08a961be97d6d06600cccd553a1", "text": "Inferno (2016 film) Inferno is a 2016 American mystery adventure thriller film directed by Ron Howard and written by David Koepp , based on the 2013 novel of the same name by Dan Brown . The film is the sequel to The Da Vinci Code and Angels & Demons , and is the third installment in the Robert Langdon film series . It stars Tom Hanks , reprising his role as Robert Langdon , alongside Felicity Jones , Omar Sy , Sidse Babett Knudsen , Ben Foster and Irrfan Khan . Together with the previous film , it remains Hanks ' only live-action sequel . Filming began on April 27 , 2015 in Venice , Italy , and wrapped on July 21 , 2015 in Budapest . The film premiered in Florence on October 9 , 2016 and was released in the United States on October 28 , 2016 in 2D and IMAX formats . The film received generally negative reviews from critics and grossed $ 220 million against a production budget of $ 75 million .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "2b9b98089eab38c4e0adf9b4551eaf2e", "text": "The Fury (2016 film) The Fury ( De Helleveeg ) is a 2016 Dutch drama film directed by André van Duren . It was based on the book of the same name by A.F. Th . van der Heijden . It was listed as one of eleven films that could be selected as the Dutch submission for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 89th Academy Awards , but it was not nominated .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e060b9632eecc2bb996136c741de729e", "text": "Dirty Heroes Dirty Heroes , also known as From Hell to Victory and Heroes Five ( Dalle Ardenne all ` inferno ) , is a 1967 Italian `` macaroni combat '' war film directed by Alberto De Martino and starring Frederick Stafford .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9017539c36e27871726351d4f08e2418", "text": "Sei forte, maestro Sei forte , maestro is an Italian television series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8c98d6e410a567b648b3ac9f1089fd2", "text": "Inferno (Dante Pertuz) Inferno ( Dante Pertuz ) is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c411164ee4a05e1b068ff8b769fdf3c5", "text": "List of Phantom: Requiem for the Phantom episodes This article is a list of the episodes of the Japanese anime series Phantom ~ Requiem for the Phantom ~ , which is animated by Bee Train and directed by Koichi Mashimo under the Project Phantom group . The series went on air on April 2 , 2009 on TV Tokyo . Subsequently the show also aired on AT-X , TV Aichi , and TV Osaka . Funimation Entertainment is streaming the series for its North American audience . The anime is based on the 2000 video game Phantom of Inferno . The series is about a Japanese national who gets kidnapped by an assassin syndicate called Inferno after he had personally witnessed an assassination while visiting the United States . Inferno is a criminal organization attempting to unite all known underworld mob gangs into one conglomerate . In order to achieve their goal , Inferno deploys its assassin operatives codenamed Phantom . Among them is an amnesiac girl named Ein and the Japanese national , who was given the name Zwei as his codename after being brainwashed of his previous memory . An announcement regarding the show was first announced in the January issue of Kadokawa Shoten 's Newtype magazine with Yoshimitsu Yamashita , Mutsumi Sasaki and Yoko Kikuchi being the main animators with Bee Train being in charge of animation . Soon afterwards , a promotional video of Phantom ~ Requiem of the Phantom ~ was broadcast on Biglobe . Music for the series is created under Masumi Itō , using the alias Hikaru Nanase . For the first 19 episodes , the opening song `` Karma '' is written and sung by Kokia and arranged by Hikaru Nanase , with the ending song is sung by Ali Project with CD singles released . From episode 20 onwards , a 2nd opening song is sung by Ali Project with a 2nd ending song `` Transparent '' written and sung by Kokia and also arranged by Nanase . In addition , the OST of the show with CD singles by Ayahi Takagaki and Miyu Irino have been released to the public on July 8 , 2009 . The Japanese DVD releases of Volume 1 came out on July 24 , 2009 with subsequent releases from Volumes 2 to 10 on August 25 , 2009 , September 25 , 2009 , October 23 , 2009 , November 25 , 2009 , December 22 , 2009 , January 22 , 2010 , February 25 , 2010 , March 25 , 2010 and April 23 , 2010 . FUNimation released the series on Blu-ray and DVD in 2011 . A manga adaptation of the show was published in tankōbon form on May 23 , 2009 by Media Factory and Nitroplus , with the manga being illustrated by Masaki Hiragi under Media Factory 's Monthly Comic Alive 's February issue .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6865c4bc5f86f2cd807c667a741fdd4e", "text": "2016 Red Bull Air Race World Championship The 2016 Red Bull Air Race World Championship is the eleventh Red Bull Air Race World Championship series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "59cd6cdcfd449cd3755bf94bf266bd6d", "text": "Atlantis (TV series) Atlantis is a British fantasy-adventure television programme , inspired by Greek mythology ( including the legend of Atlantis ) and created by Johnny Capps and Julian Murphy with Howard Overman . It premiered on 28 September 2013 . Atlantis was the biggest new Saturday night drama series launch across all BBC channels since 2006 , even up on the launch of hit show Merlin . It also managed to draw 1 million viewers away from the highly popular ITV show The X Factor , which aired at the same time in the UK . On 26 October 2013 , BBC One ordered a second series of the show , which began airing on 15 November 2014 . On 23 January 2015 , it was announced that the series had been cancelled .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e12449089140f7aa72f9fdd2e696d01e", "text": "V for Vendetta V for Vendetta is a British graphic novel written by Alan Moore and illustrated by David Lloyd ( with additional art by Tony Weare ) , published by DC Comics . Later versions were published by Vertigo , an imprint of DC Comics . The story depicts a dystopian and post-apocalyptic near-future history version of the United Kingdom in the 1990s , preceded by a nuclear war in the 1980s which had devastated most of the rest of the world . The fascist Norsefire party has exterminated its opponents in concentration camps and rules the country as a police state . The comics follow its title character and protagonist , V , an anarchist revolutionary dressed in a Guy Fawkes mask , as he begins an elaborate and theatrical revolutionist campaign to kill his former captors , bring down the fascist state and convince the people to bring about democratic government , while inspiring a young woman , Evey Hammond , to be his protégé . Warner Bros. released a film adaptation of the same title in 2006 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab776c8e054188f0657ac63f8105ecf6", "text": "Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series . Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments . The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3187f3f48e322fc3bf2a712a37642ed5", "text": "Deus Ex Go Deus Ex Go is a 2016 turn-based puzzle video game in the Deus Ex series by Square Enix . The player uses a touchscreen to move Adam Jensen , a protagonist from the cyberpunk-themed series , as a puzzle piece through a board game while avoiding obstacles and manipulating the environment . In-keeping with the main series , Jensen can hack environmental features such as turrets and platforms to bypass and eliminate enemies . The game follows the format of Hitman Go ( 2014 ) and Lara Croft Go ( 2015 ) , in which Square Enix Montreal distilled major motifs from the games ' respective series to fit turn-based , touchscreen , puzzle gameplay . New to the Go series , Deus Ex Go introduced an in-game story and puzzle creation mode . Deus Ex Go was released in August 2016 , for Android and iOS platforms to generally favorable reviews . The game was later ported to Microsoft platforms . Critics wrote that the game successfully captured the cybernetic dystopia of the Deus Ex series and the brain teasing puzzles of the Go mobile game series . But compared to the other entries in the Go series , reviewers considered Deus Ex Go to be less creative , with a lackluster story , less visually interesting aesthetic , and shorter length .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7dcb31d030ed15ac3efcf4c09507ab7b", "text": "Deadman Apocalypse Deadman Apocalypse is a 2016 science fiction film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c20a558f9be95e5f149fa6d56987690b", "text": "Robin of Sherwood: The Knights Of The Apocalypse Robin of Sherwood : The Knights Of The Apocalypse is a two-hour audio adaptation of the final two episodes of British television series Robin of Sherwood , based on the legend of Robin Hood . Written by Richard ` Kip ' Carpenter , it was produced by British production company Spiteful Puppet and directed by Robert Young , who had also directed episodes of the original series . The audio play is the continuation of the classic cult series Robin of Sherwood . The series came to an unexpected halt in 1986 due to financial problems . Instead of the planned fourth season , its creator and writer , Richard Carpenter , wrote a feature-length script that followed on from the end of the third season , called The Knights of the Apocalypse . Richard Carpenter died in 2012 , before having been able to bring the script back to the screen . The original cast of the series -- including Jason Connery , Ray Winstone , Clive Mantle , Judi Trott , Nickolas Grace , Mark Ryan , Michael Praed and Phil Rose -- went on to record the audio adaptation of The Knights of the Apocalypse in early 2016 . The audio drama premiered in London in May 2016 . All profits raised are donated to Mr. Carpenter 's chosen charities -- the Sherwood Forest Trust and the British Red Cross .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d34cb07d090dc1bbf1d0a1524705fe2e", "text": "Tenebrae (film) Tenebrae ( also known as Tenebre ) is a 1982 English-language Italian giallo film written and directed by Dario Argento . The film stars Anthony Franciosa as American author Peter Neal , who -- while in Rome promoting his latest murder-mystery novel -- becomes embroiled in the search for a serial killer who may have been inspired to kill by the novel . John Saxon and Daria Nicolodi co-star as Neal 's agent and assistant ; Giuliano Gemma and Carola Stagnaro appear as detectives investigating the murders . John Steiner , Veronica Lario and Mirella D'Angelo also feature . The film has been described as exploring themes of dualism and sexual aberration , and has strong metafictional elements ; some commentators consider Tenebrae to be a direct reaction by Argento to criticism of his previous work , most especially his depictions of murders of beautiful women . After Argento had experimented with pure supernatural horror with 1977 's Suspiria and 1980 's Inferno , Tenebrae represented the filmmaker 's return to the giallo horror subgenre , which he had helped popularize in the 1970s . Argento was inspired by a series of incidents which saw an obsessed fan telephone the director to criticise him for the damaging psychological effects of his previous work . The telephone calls culminated in death threats towards Argento , who channelled the experience into the writing of Tenebrae . The director also wanted to explore the senselessness of killings he had witnessed and heard about while staying in Los Angeles in 1980 , and his feeling at the time that true horror came from those who wanted `` to kill for nothing '' . Shot on location in Rome and at Elios Studios , Tenebrae utilised mostly modern-looking locations and sets to help Argento realise his intent that the film reflect a near-future with a diminished population ; the director filmed none of the historical landmarks that usually featured in films set in Rome . Employing director of photography Luciano Tovoli , Argento also intended that the film simulate the stark , realistic lighting featured in television police shows at the time ; production designer Giuseppe Bassa created supporting environments that were cold and austere , with sharp angles and modernistic spaces . Several former members of Italian rock band Goblin provided Tenebraes music , a synth-heavy score inspired by rock and disco music . Tenebrae was a modest success in Italy ; it reached theatres with little controversy after Argento made cuts to one of the most violent scenes . However , in the United Kingdom , it was added to the infamous list of `` video nasties '' and banned from sale until 1999 . The film 's theatrical distribution in the United States was delayed until 1984 , when it was released in a heavily censored version under the title Unsane . In its cut form , Tenebrae received a mostly negative critical reception , but the original , fully restored version later became widely available for reappraisal ; it is considered by some to be one of Argento 's best thrillers . The film critic and author Maitland McDonagh said that it was `` in many respects ... the finest film that Argento has ever made '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "290b7e836841a5c719017242d2a860c8", "text": "Falcon 4.0: Allied Force This article is about the video game . For Operation Allied Force , see 1999 NATO bombing of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia . Falcon 4.0 : Allied Force ( F4AF ) is an F-16 based combat flight simulator released by Lead Pursuit on 28 June 2005 . The game is based around a realistic simulation of the Block 50/52 F-16 Fighting Falcon in a series of missions in the Balkans . The game engine is based on the source code of the original 1998 Falcon 4.0 from MicroProse , and consists largely of a collection of improvements from the official patches and extensive Falcon modding community . Allied Force also introduced several major new features and significant improvements in realism and stability .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fae0b8573ec5278fde9ca84ea19f7078", "text": "Sniper: Ghost Shooter Sniper : Ghost Shooter is a 2016 direct-to-video action film . The film is the sixth installment of the Sniper film series '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8d54e01862e813271e0be59baa510ea", "text": "Ta' Qali Ta ' Qali is a village in Malta , a wide open space in the middle of Malta containing the national stadium , Ta ' Qali National Park and a national vegetable market which is locally known as the Pitkalija . Shortly before World War II , the area was used to build a military aerodrome and a station for the Royal Air Force ( RAF ) , called RAF `` Ta Kali '' . RAF Ta Kali was operational throughout the war and continued to be used as an RAF airfield until the mid-1950s . Latterly , U.K.-based squadrons visited Ta Kali as part of their annual proficiency training . Since the departure of the RAF , the location has been transformed into a recreational area . The area is small in scale but considered by some in Malta as an ideal place to go for a picnic and spend weekend afternoons . The National Park also includes an amphitheatre . A number of international concerts were staged at the park , including artists as diverse as Status Quo , Deep Purple , Fish , Iron Maiden , Demis Roussos , Alannah Myles , Bonnie Tyler and many others . International artists such as Riccardo Fogli have also planted their own trees in the Park . The newly built U.S. Embassy stands across from the Ta'Qali National Park . In July , 2011 the embassy relocated to Ta'Qali from Floriana where it stood for nearly fifty years . Ta ' Qali still fulfils part of its former role as an airfield but the only aircraft that take off from the greatly diminished landing strip are scale models , whose owners make part of a club located in Ta ' Qali . Today , many of the military huts and buildings have been converted into workshops where Maltese craftsmen produce their handiwork , and the Ta ' Qali Crafts Village has become an important tourist attraction . There is also the Malta Aviation Museum where one can find different types of aircraft related to Maltese aviation history . Before being converted to a recreational park the airstrip was used in the first car races ever held by the Maltese ; nowadays the Sport Muturi has its off-road tracks where the annual motorsport championship is held . 13 Hours : The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi ( a.k.a. 13 Hours ) is a 2016 American biographical war movie filmed in Malta and Morocco , for which a large film set was built during 2015 in Ta ' Qali . The film follows the Sept 11-12 , 2012 , waves of Islamic militant attacks on that U.S. diplomatic compound in Libya .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d914ef2eb5e19915089aca80a351b873", "text": "Millennium Falcon The Millennium Falcon is a spaceship in the Star Wars universe commanded at one time by Corellian smuggler Han Solo ( Harrison Ford ) and his Wookiee first mate , Chewbacca ( Peter Mayhew ) . The highly modified Corellian Engineering Corporation ( CEC ) YT-1300 light freighter first appears in Star Wars ( 1977 ) , and subsequently in The Empire Strikes Back ( 1980 ) , Return of the Jedi ( 1983 ) and The Force Awakens ( 2015 ) . The ship also makes a brief cameo appearance in Revenge of the Sith ( 2005 ) . Additionally , the Falcon appears in a variety of Star Wars expanded universe materials , including books , comics , and games ; James Luceno 's novel Millennium Falcon focuses on the titular ship . It also appears in the 2014 animated film The Lego Movie in Lego form , with Billy Dee Williams and Anthony Daniels reprising their roles of Lando Calrissian and C-3PO , with Keith Ferguson voicing Han Solo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45e9fa6eab00c5a68f42b4988adea9c6", "text": "The Saint (film) The Saint is a 1997 espionage thriller DeLuxe Color film in Panavision , starring Val Kilmer in the title role , with Elisabeth Shue and Rade Šerbedžija , directed by Phillip Noyce and written by Jonathan Hensleigh and Wesley Strick . The title character is a high tech thief and master of disguise that becomes the anti-hero while using the moniker of various saints while paradoxically living in the underworld of international industrial theft . The film was a financial success with a worldwide box office of $ 169.4 million , rentals of $ 28.2 million , and continuous DVD sales . It is loosely based on the character of Simon Templar created by Leslie Charteris in 1928 for a series of books published as `` The Saint '' , which ran until 1983 . The Saint character has also featured in a series of Hollywood movies made between 1938 and 1954 , a 1940s radio series starring Vincent Price ( and others ) as Templar , a popular British television series of the 1960s which starred Roger Moore , and a 1970s series starring Ian Ogilvy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2b84a548a1fb679cfbb0bc4ba49e9d91", "text": "Infernal Affairs (film series) Infernal Affairs is a series of three crime-thriller films directed by Andrew Lau and Alan Mak , starring Andy Lau and Tony Leung . It tells the story of a police officer who infiltrates the triads , and a police officer secretly working for the same gang . The Chinese title means `` the non-stop way '' , a reference to Avici , the lowest level of hell in Buddhism . The English title is a word play combining the law enforcement term `` internal affairs '' with the adjective ` infernal ' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8da49be3cefcb01784a88ecbab56e973", "text": "Eagle Egilsson Egill Örn Egilsson ASC -LSB- ˈeiːjɪtl œrtn ˈeiːjɪlson -RSB- ( born 31 August 1966 ) , known as Eagle Egilsson ( -LSB- ˈiːɡəl_ˈeɪəlsən -RSB- ) , is an Icelandic television director and cinematographer .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "51d25ce60ef64d1746d5266e6935e312", "text": "Christine Daaé Christine Daaé is a fictional character and the female protagonist of Gaston Leroux 's 1910 novel The Phantom of the Opera and of the various adaptations of the work . Erik , the Phantom of the Opera falls in love with her .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "c41a2a625d0f293b4321540f633e1e3d", "text": "Aude (character) Aude , or Alda , Alde , was the sister of Oliver and betrothed of Roland in The Song of Roland and other chansons de geste . The story of her engagement to Roland is told in Girart de Vienne . In The Song of Roland Aude is first mentioned by her brother Oliver when he tells Roland that the two will never be married , when the two counts are arguing before the battle ; they are later reconciled , but both die fighting the Saracens . When Charlemagne returns to Aix and informs Aude that Roland has died , she collapses at the Emperor 's feet and dies of grief . `` The Lovely Alda '' is part of Edward MacDowell 's 1891 orchestral composition , Two Fragments after the Song of Roland . Category : Characters in The Song of Roland Category : Literary characters", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a00b486d8f9d6b3ab067aebf2687e35", "text": "Gil Blas (periodical) Gil Blas ( or Le Gil Blas ) was a Parisian literary periodical named for Alain-René Lesage 's novel Gil Blas . It was founded by the sculptor Augustin-Alexandre Dumont in November 1879 . Gil Blas serialized famous novels such as Émile Zola 's Germinal ( 1884 ) and L'Œuvre ( 1885 ) before they appeared in book form . Guy de Maupassant regularly published short stories in Gil Blas . The journal was also known for its opinionated arts and theatre criticism . Contributors included René Blum , Alexandru Bogdan-Pitești , and Abel Hermant . Théophile Steinlen and Albert Guillaume provided illustrations . Gil Blas was published regularly until 1914 , when it went on a short hiatus due to the outbreak of World War I. Afterwards , it was published intermittently until 1938 . In addition to Germinal , Gil Blas serialized the Zola novels L'Argent , Au Bonheur des Dames , and La Joie de vivre . Guy de Maupassant stories which debuted in Gil Blas include '' À vendre , '' `` Imprudence , '' `` L'Inconnue , '' `` La Bête à Maît ' Belhomme , '' `` La Confidence , '' `` La Baptême , '' `` Tribunaux Rustiques '' and perhaps most famously `` Le Horla '' . Gil Blas critic Louis Vauxcelles 's phrase `` Donatello chez les fauves ! '' ( `` Donatello among the wild beasts '' ) brought notoriety and attention to the works of Henri Matisse and Les Fauves exhibited at the Salon d'Automne of 1905 . Vauxcelles ' comment was printed on 17 October 1905 and passed into popular usage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ddf08f4c24e7aeaa2c012f56de9fbb50", "text": "Dandy A dandy historically , is a man who places particular importance upon physical appearance , refined language , and leisurely hobbies , pursued with the appearance of nonchalance in a cult of self . A dandy could be a self-made man who strove to imitate an aristocratic lifestyle despite coming from a middle-class background , especially in late 18th - and early 19th-century Britain . Previous manifestations of the petit-maître ( French for small master ) and the Muscadin have been noted by John C. Prevost , but the modern practice of dandyism first appeared in the revolutionary 1790s , both in London and in Paris . The dandy cultivated cynical reserve , yet to such extremes that novelist George Meredith , himself no dandy , once defined cynicism as `` intellectual dandyism . '' Some took a more benign view ; Thomas Carlyle wrote in Sartor Resartus that a dandy was no more than `` a clothes-wearing man '' . Honoré de Balzac introduced the perfectly worldly and unmoved Henri de Marsay in La fille aux yeux d'or ( 1835 ) , a part of La Comédie Humaine , who fulfils at first the model of a perfect dandy , until an obsessive love-pursuit unravels him in passionate and murderous jealousy . Charles Baudelaire defined the dandy , in the later `` metaphysical '' phase of dandyism , as one who elevates æsthetics to a living religion , that the dandy 's mere existence reproaches the responsible citizen of the middle class : `` Dandyism in certain respects comes close to spirituality and to stoicism '' and `` These beings have no other status , but that of cultivating the idea of beauty in their own persons , of satisfying their passions , of feeling and thinking ... . Dandyism is a form of Romanticism . Contrary to what many thoughtless people seem to believe , dandyism is not even an excessive delight in clothes and material elegance . For the perfect dandy , these things are no more than the symbol of the aristocratic superiority of mind . '' The linkage of clothing with political protest had become a particularly English characteristic during the 18th century . Given these connotations , dandyism can be seen as a political protest against the levelling of egalitarian principles , often including nostalgic adherence to feudal or pre-industrial values , such as the ideals of `` the perfect gentleman '' or `` the autonomous aristocrat '' . Paradoxically , the dandy required an audience , as Susann Schmid observed in examining the `` successfully marketed lives '' of Oscar Wilde and Lord Byron , who exemplify the dandy 's roles in the public sphere , both as writers and as personae providing sources of gossip and scandal . Nigel Rodgers in The Dandy : Peacock or Enigma ? questions Wilde 's status as a genuine dandy , seeing him as someone who only assumed a dandified stance in passing , not a man dedicated to the exacting ideals of dandyism .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c318f9d092471f3f2df87ee0175c1fe", "text": "Pierre et Jean Pierre et Jean is a naturalist or psycho-realist work written by Guy de Maupassant in Étretat in his native Normandy between June and September 1887 . This was Maupassant 's shortest novel . It appeared in three instalments in the Nouvelle Revue and then in volume form in 1888 , together with the essay `` Le Roman '' -LSB- `` The Novel '' -RSB- . Pierre et Jean is a realist work , notably so by the subjects on which it treats , including knowledge of one 's heredity ( whether one is a legitimate son or a bastard ) , the bourgeoisie , and the problems stemming from money .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "17ec048f69555bb4d59aa9874068c01e", "text": "Alain Dorémieux Alain Dorémieux is a writer and translator of French science-fiction , born August 15 , 1933 at Paris and died on July 26 , 1998 in Paris , France . He is best known as editor of Fiction , the leading journal of science fiction and fantasy in France until 1990 , which he edited for over twenty years . He has published under various pseudonyms : Atlante Gilbert , Luke Vigan ( with Gerard Klein and Andre Ruellan ) , Monique Dorian ( a pseudonym shared with his wife Monique ) and anagrammatic pseudonyms Meauroix Daniel and Alex Dieumorain for his translations . His critical work has often been published under the pseudonym of Serge-André Bertrand . A literary prize for the first publication of young writers of science fiction was established in 2000 that bears his name .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "651344a2785a3fc37fd1074109cb5172", "text": "Cinderella Cinderella , or The Little Glass Slipper , ( Cenerentola , Cendrillon , ou La petite Pantoufle de Verre , Aschenputtel ) is a folk tale embodying a myth-element of unjust oppression/triumphant reward . Thousands of variants are known throughout the world . The title character is a young woman living in unfortunate circumstances , that are suddenly changed to remarkable fortune . The story of Rhodopis , recounted by the Greek geographer Strabo in around 7 BC , about a Greek slave girl who marries the king of Egypt , is considered the earliest known variant of the `` Cinderella '' story . The most popular version was first published by Charles Perrault in Histoires ou contes du temps passé in 1697 , and later by the Brothers Grimm in their folk tale collection Grimms ' Fairy Tales . Although the story 's title and main character 's name change in different languages , in English-language folklore `` Cinderella '' is the archetypal name . The word `` Cinderella '' has , by analogy , come to mean one whose attributes were unrecognized , or one who unexpectedly achieves recognition or success after a period of obscurity and neglect . The still-popular story of `` Cinderella '' continues to influence popular culture internationally , lending plot elements , allusions , and tropes to a wide variety of media . The Aarne -- Thompson system classifies Cinderella as `` the persecuted heroine '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37ff6ce7869b9dc048efb743de3737d4", "text": "Récit Récit is a term for a subgenre of the French novel , describing a work in which the narrative calls attention to itself . Literary critic Roger Shattuck explains , `` During a récit , we are conscious of being at one remove from the action ; the very act of narration interferes and calls attention to itself . '' Examples of the récit include works by Benjamin Constant and Eugene Fromentin , Andre Gide , Maurice Blanchot , and Michel Leiris . According to Shattuck , The discomfort of the narrator in confronting his own effort of composition ( by now it should be apparent that narrator and author become indistinguishable ) has been inherited as one of the principal features of the recit . Critic Geoffrey Hartman describes the récit as `` a confessional narrative , a kind of dramatic monologue in prose ... '' Daniel Just writes of an ambiguity in the nature of the récit : For literary critics , the récit as a category became ... elusive -- at once too broad and too specific . Meaning a `` narrative '' in general , récit has been used as an indefinite notion embracing many prose genres , to the point when it ceases to be clear if it does not coincide with narrative literature as such . At the same time , it has also served to identify a stylistic specificity found in the select works of only a few writers . This latter use finds perhaps its most exemplary illustrations in André Gide 's L'Immoraliste and Albert Camus 's La Chute . Gide , in particular , was quite meticulous in differentiating between his novels and their complex view of life , and his récits that portray life from a single perspective . Blanchot 's insistence on the difference between the novel and the récit is equally scrupulous , but for other reasons . His emphasis on a strong generic meaning of the term récit -- which is evident in spite of the semantic overload this notion sometimes undergoes in his theoretical texts -- has nothing to do with the number of points of view represented in the story . For Blanchot , the récit is a distinct literary form whose uniqueness resides in its not merely stylistic but `` essential '' difference from the genre of the novel . Maurice Blanchot describes the récit as follows : If we regard the récit as the true telling of an exceptional event which has taken place and which someone is trying to report , then we have not even come close to sensing the true nature of the récit . The récit is not the narration of an event , but the event itself , the approach to that event , the place where that event is made to happen-an event which is yet to come and through whose power of attraction the récit can come into being , too .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b479cb30a5ba9e82d63cb0a46da91990", "text": "Comte de Gabalis Comte de Gabalis is a 17th-century French text by Abbé Nicolas-Pierre-Henri de Montfaucon de Villars ( 1635-1673 ) . The titular `` Comte de Gabalis '' ( `` Count of Cabala '' ) is an occultist who explains the mysteries of the world to the author . It first appeared in Paris in 1670 , anonymously , though the identity of the author came to be known . The original title as published by Claude Barbin was Le comte de Gabalis , ou entretiens sur les sciences secrètes , `` The Count of Cabala , Or Dialogs on the Secret Sciences '' . The book was widely read in France and abroad , and is a source for many of the `` marvelous beings '' that populate later European literature . French readers include Charles Baudelaire and Anatole France -- it was the main source for his At the Sign of the Reine Pédauque ( 1892 ) . In English literature , it influenced Alexander Pope , who borrowed from it to create the sylphs in The Rape of the Lock ( 1714 ) , and in German , it is a likely source for Friedrich de la Motte Fouqué 's Undine . In recent times it has been considered by some to have been intended as a satire of occult philosophy , though in its time it was taken seriously by many readers . Many later authors have also taken it to be a serious source , including Edward Bulwer-Lytton and prominent occult writers such as Eliphas Levi , Helena Blavatsky , and M.P Hall .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ebd3589639904873a802ebc2b1f7714", "text": "Aesopian language Aesopian language is communications that convey an innocent meaning to outsiders but hold a concealed meaning to informed members of a conspiracy or underground movement . For instance , if Person X is known for exposing secrets in an organization , the organization leaders announce that `` any members who have dirty talking habits will be dealt with '' to warn Person X . It refers to the ancient Greek fabulist Aesop . The term `` Aesopian language '' was first used by the nineteenth-century Russian writer Mikhail Saltykov-Schedrin to describe the writing technique he began using late in his career , which he compared to Aesop 's Fables . His purpose was to satirize the social ills of the time but evade the harsh censorship of late Tsarist Russia of which he was a particular target . The Soviet-era writer Lev Loseff noted that the use of Aesopian language remained a favorite technique of writers ( including himself ) under Soviet censorship . Maliheh Tyrell defines the term in the Soviet context and observes that the use of Aesopian language extended to other national literatures under Soviet rule : `` In short , this form of literature , like Aesop 's animal fables , veils itself in allegorical suggestions , hints , and euphemisms so as to elude political censorship . ` Aesopian language ' or literature is a technical term used by Sovietologists to define allegorical language used by Russian or nationality -LSB- that is : non-Russian -RSB- nonconformist publicists to conceal antiregime sentiments . Under Soviet rule , this ` Aesopian ' literature intended to confuse the Soviet authorities , yet illuminate the truth for native readers . '' According to one critic , `` Censorship ... had a positive , formative impact upon the Aesopian writers ' style by obliging them to sharpen their thoughts . '' The German-American philosopher Herbert Marcuse uses the term in his book One-Dimensional Man somewhat interchangeably with Orwellian language . In that context , `` Aesopian Language '' refers to the idea that certain usages of language work to ` suppress certain concepts or keep them out of the general discourse within society ' . An example of such a technique is the use of abbreviations to possibly prevent undesirable questions from arising : `` AFL-CIO entombs the radical political differences which once separated the two organizations . '' Within the context of politics , a term with a very similar meaning is called dog-whistle politics , which describes the use of coded language to address voters ' interests . Certain sections of the electorate will react strongly to controversial content if spoken of overtly but may not be so attuned that they notice statements that appear neutral to outsiders .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc8c1ceb4d532c1ee4bd569fe68f34f1", "text": "Duke of Aquitaine The Duke of Aquitaine ( Duc d'Aquitània , Duc d'Aquitaine , -LSB- dyk dakitɛn -RSB- ) was the ruler of the ancient region of Aquitaine ( not to be confused with modern-day Aquitaine ) under the supremacy of Frankish , English , and later French kings . As successor states of the Visigothic Kingdom ( 418 -- 721 ) , Aquitania ( Aquitaine ) and Languedoc ( Toulouse ) inherited both Visigothic laws and Roman Law , which together allowed women more rights than their contemporaries would enjoy until the 20th century . Particularly under the Liber Judiciorum as codified 642/643 and expanded by the Code of Recceswinth in 653 , women could inherit land and title and manage it independently from their husbands or male relations , dispose of their property in legal wills if they had no heirs , represent themselves and bear witness in court from the age of 14 , and arrange for their own marriages after the age of 20 . As a consequence , male-preference primogeniture was the practiced succession law for the nobility .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "89886056afe42f08ebf204b786adab51", "text": "Dactyl (poetry) A dactyl ( δάκτυλος , dáktylos , `` finger '' ) is a foot in poetic meter . In quantitative verse , often used in Greek or Latin , a dactyl is a long syllable followed by two short syllables , as determined by syllable weight . In accentual verse , often used in English , it is a stressed syllable followed by two unstressed syllables -- the opposite is the anapaest ( two unstressed followed by a stressed syllable ) . The Greek and Latin words δάκτυλος and dactylus are themselves dactyls ( and hence autological ) . The English word poetry is also a dactyl . A useful mnemonic for remembering this long-short-short pattern is to consider the relative lengths of the three bones of a human finger : beginning at the knuckle , it is one long bone followed by two shorter ones ( hence the name dactyl ) . An example of dactylic meter is the first line of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 's poem Evangeline , which is in dactylic hexameter : This is the / forest prim - / eval . The / murmuring / pines and the / hem locks , The first five feet of the line are dactyls ; the sixth a trochee . Stephen Fry quotes Robert Browning 's The Lost Leader as an example of the use of dactylic metre to great effect , creating verse with `` great rhythmic dash and drive '' : Just for a handful of silver he left us Just for a riband to stick in his coat '' The first three feet in both lines are dactyls . Another example : the opening lines of Whitman 's `` Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking '' ( 1859 ) , his poem about the birth of his poetic voice : Out of the cradle , endlessly rocking -LSB- a dactyl , followed by a trochee ( ` cradle ' ) ; then another dactyl followed by a trochee ( ` rocking ' ) -RSB- Out of the mockingbird 's throat , the musical shuttle -LSB- 2 dactyls , then a trochee ( ` throat , the ' ) ; then another dactyl , followed by a trochee -RSB- ... The dactyl `` out of the ... '' becomes a pulse that rides through the entire poem , often generating the beginning of each new line , even though the poem as a whole , as is typical for Whitman , is extremely varied and `` free '' in its use of metrical feet . Dactyls are the metrical foot of Greek elegiac poetry , which followed a line of dactylic hexameter with dactylic pentameter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad47dc43670072898442977a55502324", "text": "Character (arts) A character ( sometimes known as a fictional character ) is a person or other being in a narrative work of art ( such as a novel , play , television series , or film ) . The character may be entirely fictional or based on a real-life person , in which case the distinction of a `` fictional '' versus `` real '' character may be made . Derived from the ancient Greek word χαρακτήρ , the English word dates from the Restoration , although it became widely used after its appearance in Tom Jones in 1749 . From this , the sense of `` a part played by an actor '' developed . Character , particularly when enacted by an actor in the theatre or cinema , involves `` the illusion of being a human person . '' In literature , characters guide readers through their stories , helping them to understand plots and ponder themes . Since the end of the 18th century , the phrase `` in character '' has been used to describe an effective impersonation by an actor . Since the 19th century , the art of creating characters , as practiced by actors or writers , has been called characterisation . A character who stands as a representative of a particular class or group of people is known as a type . Types include both stock characters and those that are more fully individualised . The characters in Henrik Ibsen 's Hedda Gabler ( 1891 ) and August Strindberg 's Miss Julie ( 1888 ) , for example , are representative of specific positions in the social relations of class and gender , such that the conflicts between the characters reveal ideological conflicts . The study of a character requires an analysis of its relations with all of the other characters in the work . The individual status of a character is defined through the network of oppositions ( proairetic , pragmatic , linguistic , proxemic ) that it forms with the other characters . The relation between characters and the action of the story shifts historically , often miming shifts in society and its ideas about human individuality , self-determination , and the social order .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9abe341549d3876d4c2aed7f2a44443", "text": "Christine (Christine and the Queens song) `` Christine '' , also released under the titles `` Cripple '' and `` Tilted '' , is a song written and produced by Héloïse Letissier who records under the name Christine and the Queens . `` Christine '' , which is recorded in French , was released for download on 13 October 2014 through Because Music as the third single from her debut studio album Chaleur humaine ( 2014 ) . It was , however , originally titled `` Cripple '' in 2012 , and a later English version was released as `` Tilted '' in 2015 . It was named one of the ten best songs of 2015 by Time magazine . `` Christine '' was a number one hit on both of Belgium 's Ultratop charts and peaked at number 3 in France , while `` Tilted '' became a top 20 hit in Ireland and the United Kingdom . `` Tilted '' remixes were released digitally on 8 April 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a526962de21bcf43911642caa29b9e9a", "text": "Maxime Leroux Maxime Leroux ( 1951 -- 2010 ) was a French actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5886f40111b7b9b246557a9858e5e20", "text": "Catherine (1986 TV series) Catherine - a French TV series produced for Antenne 2 channel in 1986 . It was based on the series of `` Catherine '' novels written by Juliette Benzoni . The series was directed by Marion Sarraut , who had already successfully brought on TV another of Madame Benzoni 's work - Marianne . The director had the author 's assistance going so far as working together , like mother and daughter , to work on the best-seller Catherine . Two years of preparation , fifteen months of shooting , two hundred actors - over fifteen hundred costumes . The episodes were not to be seen in prime time - but from 13:30 - 14:00 each afternoon . The production was nevertheless a huge success . The readers of the books were more than satisfied with what Marion Sarraut had done to Catherine . To their great joy , the producers had adapted the seven books more or less truthfully . Some minor changes had to be made , probably also because of the small bugdet they had at their disposal . Claudine Ancelot was a perfect Catherine . At her side , Pierre-Marie Escourrou as her great love Arnaud de Montsalvy . Pascale Petit was Sara , Benoît Brione was the evil Gilles de Rais , and Geneviève Casile Queen Yolande . For over two decades , the story of `` Catherine and Arnaud '' had vanished . In December 2007 the French company France Loisirs started releasing the long awaited Catherine Il suffit d'un amour TV-Serie on DVD . At the moment the whole TV series has been released on 5 double DVDs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3beab3495196714f611f8d8a9a49881c", "text": "Colette Peignot Colette Peignot ( October 8 , 1903 -- November 7 , 1938 ) was a French author who is most known by the pseudonym Laure , but also wrote under the name Claude Araxe . She was profoundly affected during her childhood by the deaths of her father and three uncles during World War I , by her failing health ( tuberculosis nearly killed her at age 13 ) , and by sexual abuse from a priest . Her writings are full of fury , improprieties , and suffering . Highly implicated in the early communist movement , she used her life as a tool of emancipation : her affairs with prominent intellectuals ( Jean Bernier , Eduard Trautner , Boris Pilnyak , Boris Souvarine , George Bataille ) were for her as important as affective encounters , than as weapons against her condition of woman , bourgeoise , ill , colonialist . She spent all the money she inherited from her father in supporting political journals and reviews ( Critique sociale , for example ) . At the end of her life , she was considered to be a muse for the French avant-garde of literature and politics . She was at the center of Georges Bataille 's secret society Acéphale . She died at age 35 in Bataille 's house . Her works were published posthumously by Georges Bataille and Michel Leiris , close friend of her , against the will of her brother , Charles Peignot . Because of that , they published with a surname and chose `` Laure '' . Her nephew , the poet Jérôme Peignot ( who thought of Colette as a `` diagonal mother '' ) , republished the manuscripts in 1971 and 1977 , despite the same family 's opposition .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2521fe42607c9875faaa0b92749861b", "text": "Quebec comics Quebec comics ( bande dessinée québécoise -LSB- bɑ̃d dɛ.si.ne ke.be.kwaz -RSB- or BDQ ) are French language comics produced primarily in the Canadian province of Quebec , and read both within and outside of Canada , particularly in French-speaking Europe . In contrast to English language comics in Canada , which largely follow the American model , Quebec comics are mostly influenced by the trends in Franco-Belgian comics . There is little crossover between the French and English comics worlds in Canada .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e62f39ecb828410044e750a8e14e0dd9", "text": "Sylvie (novel) Sylvie ( 1853 ) is a novella by French Romanticist Gérard de Nerval . It was first published in the periodical La Revue des Deux Mondes in 1853 , and as a book in Les Filles du feu in 1854 , just a few months before Nerval killed himself in January 1855 . Sylvie is often considered to be Nerval 's prose masterpiece , and has been a favorite of Marcel Proust , André Breton , Joseph Cornell and Umberto Eco . Harold Bloom included it in The Western Canon ( 1994 ) . An idyll written in the form of a reminiscence , the story is about a hero 's love for three women , all of whom he loses ; a hymn to unattainable , unrequited love . The story begins when a paragraph in a newspaper plunges the narrator into his memories as a younger man . The perspective seems to shift back and forth between the past and present , so the reader is never entirely sure if the narrator is recounting past events from memory , or retelling current events as they happen . Critics have praised the writing for its lucid and lyrical style . The narrator , of noble status who has recently come into an inheritance , decides to leave Paris , where he is living a debauched life of theater and drink , and return to the love of his youth , a peasant girl named Sylvie who has classic features and brunette hair , a `` timeless ideal '' . She sews gloves for a living and ends up marrying another man more equal to her class . The narrator also loves a seductive actress in Paris named Aurelia , who has many suitors who tell her empty idylls of love , but none love her for who she really is , including the narrator , who sees her as a lovely illusion that fades in the daylight of reality . The narrator also loves Adrienne , of noble birth , tall with blonde hair , she is an `` ideal beauty '' , but she lives in a convent , and dies an early death . In the end , he loves all three but obtains none , seemingly for reasons both beyond and within his making . Sylvie has many features of Romanticism , including flowing descriptions of a beautiful but lost natural world , appreciation for the architecture and traditions of the Middle Ages , and Greek traditions . The use of color appears to be unique , with binary oppositions serving as a simplifying mechanism to make distant memories emerge more strikingly from the mist . The novel contains autobiographical elements . As in the story , Nerval often traveled to Germany and the east . Nerval had an unhappy love for a real actress , Jenny Colon . He had a female childhood friend named Adrienne , who he unhappily lost earlier in life . These unattainable and lost female figures are represented in the story , as well in his other works and real life , Nerval lost his mother at an early age . Guillaume Apollinaire relates ( in La Vie Anecdotique ) that while writing Sylvie , Nerval spent eight days in Chantilly solely to study a sunset that he needed for it . Julien Gracq wrote of Sylvie in 1966 : `` I know of no more enchanted narrative in our language '' ( `` Je ne connais aucun récit plus enchanté dans notre langue '' ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5adc5e84e1a9a2bd6ba76fef1b05f07f", "text": "A Wizard of Earthsea A Wizard of Earthsea is a young adult fantasy novel written by the American author Ursula K. Le Guin , first published by the small press Parnassus in 1968 . The novel received highly positive reviews , initially as a work for children , and later among a general audience as well . Set in the fictional archipelago of Earthsea , the story centers around a young mage named Ged , born in a village on the island Gont . Displaying great power while still a boy , he joins the school of wizardry , where his prickly nature drives him into conflict with one of his fellows . During a magical duel , Ged 's spell goes awry and releases a shadow creature that attacks him . The novel follows his journey as he seeks to be free of the creature . The book has often been described as a Bildungsroman or coming of age story , as it explores Ged 's process of learning to cope with power and come to terms with death . The novel also carries Taoist themes about a fundamental balance in the universe of Earthsea , which wizards are supposed to maintain , closely tied to the idea that language and names have power to affect the material world and alter this balance . Although the structure of the story is similar to that of a traditional epic , critics also described it as subverting this genre in many ways , such as by making the protagonist dark-skinned , in comparison to more typical white-skinned heroes . A Wizard of Earthsea is widely regarded as a classic of fantasy and young-adult literature and was one of the final recipients of the Lewis Carroll Shelf Award . The book was widely influential within the genre of fantasy ; Margaret Atwood , for instance , called A Wizard of Earthsea one of the `` wellsprings '' of fantasy literature . Le Guin would later write five subsequent books that , together with A Wizard of Earthsea , are referred to as the Earthsea Cycle : The Tombs of Atuan ( 1971 ) , The Farthest Shore ( 1972 ) , Tehanu ( 1990 ) , The Other Wind ( 2001 ) , and Tales from Earthsea ( 2001 ) . George Slusser has described the series as a `` work of high style and imagination '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c024d3a438a2e5fc0de97d7a4433d5ca", "text": "Christine de Pizan Christine de Pizan ( also seen as de Pisan ; -LSB- kʁistin də pizɑ̃ -RSB- ; 1364 -- c. 1430 ) was an Italian French late medieval author . She served as a court writer for several dukes ( Louis of Orleans , Philip the Bold of Burgundy , and John the Fearless of Burgundy ) and the French royal court during the reign of Charles VI . She wrote both poetry and prose works such as biographies and books containing practical advice for women . She completed forty-one works during her 30-year career from 1399 to 1429 . She married in 1380 at the age of 15 , and was widowed 10 years later . Much of the impetus for her writing came from her need to earn a living to support her mother , a niece and her two surviving children . She spent most of her childhood and all of her adult life in Paris and then the abbey at Poissy , and wrote entirely in her adopted language , Middle French . Her early courtly poetry is marked by her knowledge of aristocratic custom and fashion of the day , particularly involving women and the practice of chivalry . Her early and later allegorical and didactic treatises reflect both autobiographical information about her life and views and also her own individualized and humanist approach to the scholastic learned tradition of mythology , legend , and history she inherited from clerical scholars and to the genres and courtly or scholastic subjects of contemporary French and Italian poets she admired . Supported and encouraged by important royal French and English patrons , she influenced 15th-century English poetry . Her success stems from a wide range of innovative writing and rhetorical techniques that critically challenged renowned writers such as Jean de Meun , author of the Romance of the Rose , which she criticized as immoral . In recent decades , Christine de Pizan 's work has been returned to prominence by the efforts of scholars such as Charity Cannon Willard , Earl Jeffrey Richards and Simone de Beauvoir . Certain scholars have argued that she should be seen as an early feminist who efficiently used language to convey that women could play an important role within society . This characterization has been challenged by other critics , who say that it is either an anachronistic use of the word or a misinterpretation of her writing and intentions .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "e057f95c7125c9907958165ef746699d", "text": "Sunny Leone Karenjit Kaur Vohra ( born May 13 , 1981 ) , known by her stage name Sunny Leone ( pronounced -LSB- ˈsənē lēˈōn ' ē -RSB- ) , is an actress and model , currently active in Indian film industry . She is a former pornstar , She has an American citizenship . She has also used the stage name Karen Malhotra . She was named Penthouse Pet of the Year in 2003 , was a contract performer for Vivid Entertainment , and was named by Maxim as one of the 12 top porn stars in 2010 . She has played roles in independent mainstream events , films and television shows . Her first mainstream appearance was in 2005 , when she worked as a red carpet reporter for the MTV Video Music Awards on MTV India . In 2011 , she participated in the Indian reality television series Big Boss . She hosts the Indian reality show Splitsvilla . In 2012 she made her Bollywood debut in Pooja Bhatt 's erotic thriller Jism 2 ( 2012 ) and shifted her focus to mainstream acting which was followed up with Jackpot ( 2013 ) , Ragini MMS 2 ( 2014 ) and Ek Paheli Leela ( 2015 ) . Apart from her acting career she has been part of activism campaigns including the Rock 'n' Roll Los Angeles Half-Marathon to raise money for the American Cancer Society and has also posed for a People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals ( PETA ) ad campaign with a rescued dog , encouraging pet owners to have their cats and dogs spayed and neutered . Since 2011 , Leone has been married to Musician Daniel Weber .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "0075ce42593ee41406464fe4caa2f5bc", "text": "That's Entertainment (Dubai One series) That 's Entertainment is a weekly celebrity gossip show broadcast on Dubai One in the GCC , MENA ( including the Levant ) , Sub-Saharan Africa and parts of western Europe and North America . The program was launched on Dubai One in September 2011 . It broadcasts every weekend on both Friday and Saturday . That 's Entertainment is recognized for interviewing Hollywood , Bollywood stars and Arab stars , as well as going behind the scenes of locally filmed productions such as Mission Impossible : Ghost Protocol and travelling to cover international events including The Oscars . Season One was hosted by Marwan DJ Bliss with Out & About 's Punam Verma reporting for the program . In season two , Dina Butti took over reporting responsibilities part-time , eventually becoming a full-time co-presenter and writer in January 2013 , while Marwan remained the main host .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "13d75938f9c80ee9a22279a5fe5cbde7", "text": "Leone Frollo Leone Frollo ( born 9 April 1931 in Venice ) is an Italian comic book artist . Frollo debuted in 1948 with a western called Sui Grandi Laghi ( `` On Great Lakes '' ) . From 1958 to 1968 , he worked for London agency Fleetway , doing war stories . After that , until the mid-1980s he did works in several genres , including fantasy and horror , but specially erotic comics . His main work in the erotic genre in this period is Biancaneve , based on Snow White , Lucifera and Yra , which he did for Edifumetto . After 1987 , he changed his style and drew some series for the French market : Malicieusement Femmes , Mona Street and Diva . Mona Street , the erotic adventures of a young American lady , just graduated from college in Boston , set in the first decade of the 20th century , was Frollo 's last comic work . After abandoning comics , Frollo dedicated himself to erotic work , doing illustrations on paper with watercolour , pencil , and pastels .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "63f5437747aceb6ed630daa6d445d9b3", "text": "Juicy! Juicy ! was an entertainment news program that premiered on August 11 , 2008 on TV5 . Hosted by Alex Gonzaga , IC Mendoza , Cristy Fermin and Shalala , the show features entertainment news , trivia , fan features , and interviews that highlight the Philippine entertainment industry . It was aired weeknights at 12:00 am to 12:30 am until cancellation on August 3 , 2012 just 8 days before their 4th Anniversary .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5176da2486d7bb660e4383c1bc4a31f", "text": "Dominique Leone Dominique Leone is an American musician and writer based in New York City . He was born in Shreveport , Louisiana on December 29 , 1973 , and grew up in the Dallas , Texas area . Leone began writing music reviews for Pitchfork Media in 2001 , and was a regular contributor until 2007 . He has also written for Paste Magazine , All-Music Guide and Trouser Press . His first release as a musician was the Dominique Leone EP on Hans-Peter Lindstrøm 's Feedelity label in 2007 . In 2008 , Lindstrøm and Smalltown Supersound 's Joakim Haughland released Leone 's first full-length CD on their Strømland label , with art by Kim Hiorthøy . American experimental music label Important Records released his second CD Abstract Expression in October 2009 . He recorded and staged a version of Igor Stravinsky 's Les Noces in 2011 , and released the digital album San Francisco in 2015 . Leone received a Bachelor 's degree in Music Performance in 1998 from Texas Tech University , focusing on classical trumpet . As a recording artist , Leone has been compared to Harry Nilsson , Brian Wilson , Boredoms , and XTC . His music has been described as containing `` stubbornly original song structures and chord progressions '' , and British electronic pop musician Max Tundra noted that Leone is `` one of the greatest practitioners of the chord progression '' . He has collaborated or performed with Kevin Blechdom , R. Stevie Moore , Lindstrøm , Mungolian Jet Set , Matmos , Cryptacize , Odawas , Bob Drake , William Winant , as well as contributing vocals and trumpet to Boredoms ' Super Roots 10 release . In 2010 , Leone won Grand Prize in a Steve Reich remix contest , judged by the composer Reich himself , and celebrating the composer 's 74th birthday . As a music critic , Leone was known for championing modern experimental and fringe artists , as well as older electronic music , progressive rock , and psychedelia . For Pitchfork , Leone penned early reviews of Animal Collective , Devendra Banhart , as well as several for influential Japanese band the Boredoms . He also wrote frequently cited reviews of Can , Igor Wakhévitch , The Beach Boys , and for Trouser Press , a lengthy overview of France 's Magma . In 2007 , Leone authored a monthly column for Pitchfork entitled `` Out Music '' . He presented his paper `` What You Hear is Never What They Heard , and What You Get is Never What They Had '' at the 2007 Experience Music Project and Science Fiction Museum and Hall of Fame Pop Conference in Seattle , Washington .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6b9b5b7ad86603e453d4e0335ced9e3", "text": "Sunny Days Sunny Days can refer to : In the Heat of the Sun , a Chinese film whose title may be literally rendered `` Sunny Days '' `` Sunny Days '' ( Jars of Clay song ) , a song by the American Christian rock band Jars of Clay `` Sunny Days '' ( Kid British song ) , a song by the British ska band Kid British `` Sunny Days '' , a song by Canadian rock band Lighthouse Sunny Days ( film ) , a 2011 film Sunny Days ( book ) written by cricketer Sunil Gavaskar Sunny Days ( band ) , a South Korean girl group Sunny Days ( Dou Wei album ) , a 1995 album by Chinese artist Dou Wei Sunny Days ( Allure album ) , a 2001 album by American band Allure", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ebfb6bdccabe05d0c00fc1cacd771b2a", "text": "Sunshine pop Sunshine pop ( originally `` soft pop '' ) is a subgenre of pop music originating in Southern California in the mid-1960s , although it only acquired the name later . Rooted in easy-listening , advertising jingles , and the growing drug culture , sunshine pop acts purveyed a lightly produced style that combined nostalgic or anxious moods with `` an appreciation for the beauty of the world '' . It began as an outgrowth of the 1960s California Sound and folk rock movements , largely consisting of lesser-known artists who imitated more popular groups like the Beach Boys , the Mamas & the Papas , and the 5th Dimension . While the Beach Boys are noted as prominent influences , they rarely worked in the genre . Sunshine pop is characterized by lush vocals and light arrangements similar to samba music . In some ways the genre is similar to baroque pop music through being elaborate and melancholic , though it also crossed into folk pop and Brill Building styles . Sunshine pop enjoyed mainstream success in the latter half of the decade , with many of its top 40 hits peaking in the spring and summer of 1967 , especially just before the Summer of Love . Popular bands include the Mamas & the Papas , the Turtles , and the Association . Other acts , like the Millennium , Sagittarius , and the Yellow Balloon were less successful but gained a cult following years later ; with albums like Begin ( 1968 ) and Present Tense ( 1968 ) highly sought-after on the collectors ' market .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ccc273d50bbfa1c63d18946a725aa162", "text": "Reversal (film) Reversal is a 2001 movie about a high school wrestler , directed by Jimi Petulla . The movie , starring Danny Mousetis , chronicles the struggle of Leo Leone as he strives for the Pennsylvania state title and his dad 's affection . Coached by his father , Edward Leone ( played by Jimi Petulla ) , he is constantly pushed towards this goal . He is forced to decide between the approval of his father or his own wishes as he feels the strain from years of training and making weight . The movie never made it to the mainstream public , however received vocal support from many leaders in the wrestling community such as Cael Sanderson and Kurt Angle . The soundtrack was composed by Jeff Danna . His first credits were as a contributing composer for Fox 's popular series Beverly Hills 90210 . One of his more recent and noteworthy scores were for The Boondock Saints ( Parts I & II ) . In 2001 , other than Reversal , Danna composed three more films ; O , The Grey Zone and Green Dragon . His music has also been heard on the hit syndicated series Kung Fu : The Legend Continues and in the telefilm `` Baby , '' with Farrah Fawcett .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3bc66dd157864e1592094b1e60592e92", "text": "Girl Rising (film) Girl Rising is a movie produced by Kayce Freed , Tom Yellin and Holly Gordon at The Documentary Group in partnership with Paul G. Allen and Jody Allen of Vulcan Productions . It was directed by Academy Award nominee Richard E. Robbins and features narration by Anne Hathaway , Cate Blanchett , Selena Gomez , Liam Neeson , Priyanka Chopra , Chloë Grace Moretz , Freida Pinto , Salma Hayek , Meryl Streep , Alicia Keys and Kerry Washington . The movie tells the stories of nine girls from nine countries : ( Sierra Leone , Haiti , Ethiopia , Afghanistan , Peru , Egypt , Nepal , India and Cambodia ) . Each girl had her story written by a writer from her country and voiced by renowned actors . Their stories reflect their struggles to overcome societal or cultural barriers . The writers are Loung Ung ( Cambodia ) , Edwidge Danticat ( Haiti ) , Manjushree Thapa ( Nepal ) , Mona Eltahawy ( Egypt ) , Maaza Mengiste ( Ethiopia ) , Sooni Taraporevala ( India ) , Maria Arana ( Peru ) , Aminatta Forna ( Sierra Leone ) , Zarghuna Kargar ( Afghanistan ) . The girls ' names are Sokha ( Cambodia ) , Wadley ( Haiti ) , Suma ( Nepal ) , Yasmin ( Egypt ) , Azmera ( Ethiopia ) , Ruksana ( India ) , Senna ( Peru ) , Mariama ( Sierra Leone ) and Amina ( Afghanistan ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "295f3eac3c82c8f9688fff9ca1974919", "text": "Juice Rap News Juice Rap News is an internet based satirical news show , created in Melbourne , Australia . The show was the creation of a duo , Hugo Farrant and Giordano Nanni , based in Australia and consists of a rapped `` news report '' with social commentary using comical rap lyrics . The show is known for using satire and rap rhyming to analyse important topics of the day in a humorous , yet philosophical fashion . Juice Rap News is distributed via YouTube . Some episodes were licensed to the international television news channel RT for rebroadcast . The audience of Juice Rap News is international and episodes have been translated into more than 20 languages . 35 episodes were produced in total , plus a video announcing that the 35th episode was the final they would produce . However in September 2016 , due to audience demand , Giordano Nanni produced a special episode for that year 's United States presidential election , and announced that the series would continue to produce content from time to time , with a new crew . Nanni and Farrant co-wrote and produced the series together in their home studio in Melbourne , Australia . Nanni focused on content ( crafting the arguments , narrative and perspectives depicted and explored in the show ) ; while Farrant focused on form ( giving the dialogue the `` rhyme and flow '' of rap and performing the vocals of most of the characters ) . Farrant portrayed the anchor Robert Foster and a host of other characters , including the regulars General Baxter and Terrence Moonseed . Nanni also appeared in the show , portraying many characters , such as Aussie correspondent Ken Oathcarn , `` MSMBS '' host Brian Washington , PR host Ivan Sakamunev , Bill de Berg and George Torwell , all using vox by Hugo Farrant . The goal was to provide an alternative view on world events , one that they felt was lacking in popular media outlets .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a3e9100c60dbc2935a79ff28d0f3e5a", "text": "Radio Recorders Radio Recorders , Inc. located at 7000 Santa Monica Boulevard , was a recording studio based in Los Angeles , California . Many notable musicians are reported to have been recorded in the studio include Billie Holiday , Charlie Parker , Jimmie Rodgers , Louis Armstrong , Mario Lanza , Elvis Presley , Jimi Hendrix , Frank Zappa , Paul Frees and The Carpenters among others . In its prime , the studio was known as the best recording facility in Los Angeles . During the forties and fifties , Radio Recorders was responsible for recording countless radio shows , both network and local , for delayed broadcast , not always for California , but for many western states . Telephone lines ran to all the important stations and the networks . Studio C was the nerve center with at least six recording lathes and turntables and an `` on-the-air '' playback turntable protected by a railing so that it would not be bumped while it was playing a program onto the air . The recording lathes were shock mounted in sand to prevent rumble from the street cars on Santa Monica Boulevard . For much of that era , the recordings were made and played back on lacquer coated aluminum discs , before tape recording was introduced . The room could handle several programs at once , 24 hours a day , and quite often a single engineer on duty would have his hands full . Most of the major labels used Radio Recorders well into the 1960s . Columbia , RCA Victor , Capitol , and Decca ultimately had their own facilities , but Radio Recorders was still the choice of many independent labels and both popular and classical artists , from Stravinsky to Elvis . In addition , most of the jingles were recorded there . In 1962 H.B. Barnum and Bill Aken chose the annex to record their big band version of ` Goody , Goody '' for Governor Goodwin J. ( Goodie ) Knight 's re-election campaign . Additionally in 1962 Bill Aken would record the classic ` Theme For Shock Theater , ' again with engineer Phil Yeend working the board . The main location at 7000 Santa Monica had two large studios and some smaller ones , as well as disc mastering facilities . In 1946 , the company remodeled a warehouse at 1032 North Sycamore Avenue and built a large studio , capable of handling approximately fifty musicians . This studio was known as Radio Recorders Annex , or , within the industry , just `` The Annex . '' The warehouse originally belonged to RCA Victor and `` the Annex '' was a legendary studio that Victor had built in their warehouse back in the ` 30 's . In 1965 , Radio Recorders ' star engineer , Thorne Nogar , purchased The Annex and started his own independent Annex Studios , which attracted a distinguished clientele as a full service studio , including mastering . For many years , Lawrence Welk pre-recorded the music for his popular television show , becoming the most important client ; in addition , in the 1960s and 1970s Annex mastered for such labels as Uni Records , Dot Records and Ranwood Records , as well as cutting early pressings of Barbra Streisand 's hit single `` The Way We Were . '' The Annex 's location now houses The Record Plant Studios . In the late 1980 's the studio was reopened as Studio 56 by Paul Shwartz . At that time bands such as Guns & Roses , Sugar Ray , Toni Braxton , Brandy , No Doubt and others recorded there . The documentary `` Standing in the Shadows of Motown '' was also partially filmed there . Kenneth Crouh , Keith Crouch and Leon Sylvers were all house producers there at that time . In 2002 the studio gained two new partners Pride Hutchison and Michael Dumas . The studio was then brought back to business under its original name Radio Recorders , and they enlisted the help of longtime friends Jordan Winsen and Steve Loiacano as their staff second engineers . Tom O'Brien , who was working for Schwartz , was kept on as chief engineer . In 2004 the property was declared a historic attraction but never achieved official landmark status by the city of Los Angeles . From 2002 to 2008 the studio welcomed many great projects and clients including Natalie Cole , Dwight Yoakum , Lucinda Williams , Lil ' John , Exzihbit , Annie Lennox and many more ... The facility closed again in 2008 a midst a fraud dispute between Hutchison , Dumas and Shwartz , Silent owners seeking to save the building and real estate property flipper David Bennet . In the end the building was sold in bankruptcy court . Shwartz was left broke , betrayed and feeling blindly used . With lack of capital to fight and overturn the courts decision , the silent owners were left with no moves and the legendary Radio Recorders building was gutted and demolished from the inside . The story as it goes from the inside supposedly is : Schwartz had a partner before Dumas and Hutchison who passed away and with him likely many of the studios strongest contracts . Under Schwartz mismanagement the studio struggled and subsequently defaulted on all financial obligations . Hutchinson and Dumas than found Schwartz in a vulnerable position and for a total sum if 50-60k each ( 100k ) Schwartz agreed to partner with them . It is unclear whether they were ever added to the deed or if this money ever went to debts . Its also rumored that during the period of their partnership many raves were held in soundstage studio E ( dubbed so for Elvis ) and rampant drug abuse took place and continued among the partners . It is known that methamphetamine was found in the cupboards of the studio kitchen shortly after Schwartz and that his behavior was often erratic . What than takes place is a battle for property rights among all involved both the silent partner and David Bennet claiming they paid Schwartz a sum of money for his rights . One side is that a late night meeting took place with notary a menial fee was given to Schwartz and he gave his rights . The other side is David Bennet provided compensation to both Dumas and Hutchison in excess of 50k each for their investment as well as 100k to Schwartz in return for all of their rights . The problem for Bennet being a flipper was that currently each studio was occupied by a tenant and this other silent partner was laying claim . He proceeded to systematically attempt to forge alliances under the false premises that all who helped would bennifit either from the sale / that he would n't sell the building and had no intention of gutting it but rather would maintain it as a studio/That he would sell the property atca fair price to a tenant if they helped him and could raise the capital in a small window . . Supposedly this stipulation was met and Bennet than backed out on his agreement . Hutchison and Dumas were the first to go followed by others . All gear by this point including the piano axel rose recorded November rain with was liquidated and only one studio operated in the building . When Bennet backed out of his deal ( or perhaps the money was never actually raised ) the fight for ownership intensified . Reportedly glass doors were shatterd having had the hinge pins pulled from them and orange Xs were spray painted on other wooden doors of vacant rooms when no one was around . While the silent partner and tenant had teamed up . The results were the same radio recorders studios shut its doors September 2009 . Sleepy Brown of Organized Noise would be the last artist to produce a record in the building . Despite Bennett 's best assurances the studios would all be gutted turned into accounting offices sadly only to become owned by a studio company againv . Schwartz sadly would take his own life.Today the space is used for art exhibits . In 2010 the property was once again sold and is now part of the Siren Production Company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ebfb5c3f4db55bd8ba2fd010886169e", "text": "Showbiz Extra Showbiz Korea is a daily television entertainment news show that covers the South Korean entertainment industry broadcast in South Korea and throughout Asia on Arirang TV , which premiered on April 10 , 2002 . The show is produced in Korea , but broadcast in the English language . It 's also available on Viki with subtitles in multiple languages . The show features segments that include `` Showbiz Today '' about the latest issues facing the Korean entertainment industry ; `` K-Chitchat '' that features a panel of experts discussing the latest Korean entertainment issues ; `` Stars ' Big Match '' that highlights stars gaining worldwide fame ; `` Fashion 101 '' that explores fashion and beauty trends of Korean celebrities ' `` Issue Makers '' that spotlights stars in the news this week ; `` Film Digest '' that features the latest movie releases ; and `` On Scene '' that takes you on filming sets , press conferences and showcases .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a095318553a51c7a6173d4463e0af150", "text": "Vivian Ho Vivian Ho is a reporter for the San Francisco Chronicle .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1bbb2fa6490eab538b7a0495e4cbcb7a", "text": "Shane Stanley Shane Stanley ( born June 15 , 1971 in Los Angeles ) is a multi-Emmy Award-winning filmmaker and founder of Visual Arts Entertainment , a film and television production company based in Los Angeles . Best known for executive producing Gridiron Gang starring Dwayne `` The Rock '' Johnson for Sony Pictures and directing Bret Michaels music videos supporting the hit show Rock of Love . Stanley , a four-time nominee , was the youngest to ever win a production Emmy Award , winning his first at sixteen and his second at nineteen for his work on The Desperate Passage Series . Stanley made his directorial debut helming his own screenplay A Sight for Sore Eyes which starred Academy Award nominee Gary Busey . Besides being honored with dozens of prestigious awards and film festival honors , the film was invited to screen at the Cannes Film Festival in 2005 and won Best Drama at the International Family Film Festival in 2006 . Also a commercial and music video director , Stanley 's most recognized work includes campaigns for Call of Duty 4 : Modern Warfare , Sony PlayStation , Morongo Casino , Resort & Spa , Kimberly-Clark , San Manuel Indian Bingo & Casino as well as PSA 's for the American Diabetes Association . His most known music videos include StorySide : B 's `` Miracle '' and Bret Michaels 's Go That Far which reached # 1 and remained on the VH1 Top 20 Video Countdown for over three months . The video is ranked on the network 's list of 100 Best Music Videos . As of 2010 , five of Stanley 's music videos have been on the VH1 Top 20 Video Countdown , ( two simultaneously ) . Shane co-wrote Bret Michaels 's autobiography , `` Roses & Thorns '' for Simon & Schuster and most recently produced the late Zalman King 's , Pleasure or Pain which will release in 2014 . Pleasure or Pain would be Golden Globe Nominee , King 's final film before his passing in 2012 . In 2015 , Shane directed The Untold Story starring Barry Van Dyke , Nia Peeples , Jason Connery , and Ellen Greene a film he co-wrote with his father , Lee Stanley . This would be their first collaboration since Gridiron Gang in 2005 . Shane began 2016 helming Mistrust which he co-wrote with Tiffany Johnson . The film stars two-time Golden Globes winner , Jane Seymour ( actress ) , Parker Stevenson , Patrick Bristow , William Shockley ( actor ) , and Nia Peeples .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46f0a2a1929389869a6f58fbed168334", "text": "Sunshine in the Courtroom Act The Sunshine in the Courtroom Act is a bill to allow the broadcasting of U.S. District Court and U.S. Court of Appeals proceedings . The name of the bill is an apparent reference to Louis Brandeis ' remark that `` sunshine is the best disinfectant '' for ill-doings . The proposed act relates to Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 53 , which states , `` Except as otherwise provided by a statute or these rules , the court must not permit the taking of photographs in the courtroom during judicial proceedings or the broadcasting of judicial proceedings from the courtroom . '' The bill was introduced in 2005 , 2007 , 2008 , and 2009 . The 2009 bill was approved by the Senate Judiciary Committee . The Senate version is S. 657 , and the House version is H.R. 3054 . In 2009 , the Judicial Council of the 9th Circuit expressed interest in televising certain proceedings . In Congressional testimony , Ted Poe stated : When I was Assistant District Attorney , I spent my career trying criminal cases , and based on my experiences , I actually feel the cameras in the courtroom benefit a defendant . A public trial ensures fairness . That is the purpose of a public trial . It ensures professionalism by the lawyers and the judge , and a camera in the courtroom protects the defendant 's right to a public trial . Poe also opined that lawyers play to the jury , not to the camera , and that jurors stated they liked the camera inside the courtroom because they wanted the public to know what they heard `` instead of waiting to hear a 30-second sound bite from a newscaster who may or may not have the facts correct . '' Judge John R. Tunheim opposed the bill , stating that it could deny some defendants a fair trial ; e.g. a defendant corporation might forgo its right to a trial because it does not want its president to be cross-examined on television . He also expressed concern that televising trials could increase the incidence of threats against federal judges .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "11b8d313ce2113de2f149e15d479b119", "text": "2017 MTV Movie & TV Awards The 2017 MTV Movie & TV Awards was held on May 7 , 2017 , from the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles , California , U.S. . It was the 26th edition of the awards , and for the first time it presented honors for work in television as well as cinema ; it was also the first time men and women competed jointly in the acting categories . The awards ceremony was hosted by Adam DeVine and broadcast on numerous Viacom channels , MTV.com , and the MTV app on mobile devices . The ceremony was preceded by the `` Movie & Television Festival '' . It was a day-long event that was held outside the Shrine Auditorium and feature live performances by Bea Miller , All Time Low , and Zara Larsson ; plus red carpet appearances by celebrities . Issa Rae served as the announcer for the event .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fac05818868ccf5f004739b97491117d", "text": "Sunny Rogers Sunny Rogers ( 10 May 1913 -- 30 December 2005 ) was an English entertainer best known for her work with comedian Frankie Howerd . Rogers was born Jessie Mary Rogerson in Ashton-under-Lyne , Lancashire . Her nickname `` Sunny '' comes from her constant smiling . When attending the Welbeck Street Primary School , the headmistress wrote to her parents saying that `` You really should consider sending little Jessie for dancing lessons as she entertains us all day with her singing and dancing . '' Rogers began as a dancer at the Trocadero in London and then joined the Tiller Girls ; she went on from there to become a choreographer and producer of floor shows . With her deadpan comedy expression , she became the long-suffering sidekick of Frankie Howerd , a role she played for over 35 years . She was his accompanying pianist who would be continually mocked by the comedian ( `` She 's deaf you know - ca n't hear a word - poor old soul ! '' ) . One of the best examples of her work with the star is the Channel 4 hour-long special `` Superfrank ! '' recorded in 1986 . After Frankie Howerd died in 1992 , Sunny retired to Brighton , Sussex , where she continued to help show business charities . Rogers died at age 92 at a nursing home in Worthing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "001f045dddfbb6d4a1984a499fd550f2", "text": "Sunny Isles Beach, Florida Sunny Isles Beach ( SIB , officially City of Sunny Isles Beach ) is a city located on a barrier island in northeast Miami-Dade County , Florida , United States . The city is bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east and the Intracoastal Waterway on the west . Sunny Isles Beach is an area of cultural diversity with stores lining Collins Avenue , the main thoroughfare through the city . It is a growing resort area and developers such as Michael Dezer have invested heavily in construction of high-rise hotels and condominiums while licensing the Donald Trump name for some of the buildings for promotional purposes . Sunny Isles Beach has a central location , minutes from Bal Harbour to the south , and Aventura to the north and west . Sunny Isles Beach was also the 2008 site of MTV 's annual `` Spring Break '' celebration , with headquarters at the local Newport Beachside Resort .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a54678326c0c917f17b4d69c2e6f545d", "text": "Gambling advertising Gambling advertising is the promotion of gambling by casinos , lotteries , bookmakers or other organisations that provide the opportunity to make bets . It is usually conducted through a variety of media or through sponsorship deals , particularly with sporting events or people . Although not as highly regulated as tobacco advertising and alcohol advertising , in many countries there are strict laws about the way in which such services can be marketed . Gaming operators often sponsor sporting events , sportspeople or television coverage . For example , Bet365 sponsor snooker players and the Channel 4 coverage of The 2005 Ashes was sponsored by Betfair , both being online betting sites . In other instances , they will do stunts to get public attention . For example , many professional boxers have been sponsored by GoldenPalace.com , and sport temporary Golden Palace tattoos on their bodies . To get around advertising restrictions , some online poker companies advertise free-play sites , like PartyPoker.net and PokerStars.net , and sometimes even call these free sites `` poker schools '' . These sites restrict access to those of legal age , even though it is not required . In Australia , the principle gaming agency TAB ( Totalisator Agency Board ) ran advertisements on TV during the 1990s , under the tagline `` The Adrenaline Bet '' ( a play on the company 's name ) . Since then , the TAB has been restricted from all advertising on television and other media , but is still allowed to print race dividends in the newspaper . From September 2007 the UK banned the advertising of around 1,000 gambling sites because they do not meet the guidelines dictated by the Department for Culture , Media and Sport . Channel 4 Racing enjoyed a turnaround in its financial fortunes after UK law was changed to allow bookmakers to advertise directly on TV ; it now contains bookmakers ' adverts placed within the programme , shortly before each race .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42fca9b233d637df0439dab5f456884a", "text": "Radio Salone Radio Salone is the third album from the vivacious Sierra Leone 's Refugee All Stars . Jumping in with well-known producer Victor Axelrod aka `` Ticklah , '' who has worked with the likes of Sharon Jones & The Dap-Kings , Amy Winehouse and the Easy Star All Stars , the Refugee All Stars have put together what is supposed to be there most exciting album yet . With two records in their pockets , Sierra Leone 's Refugee All Stars blend the vibrant sounds of traditional West Africa , along with the all the grooves they picked up throughout their travels since their formation . Their previous album Rise & Shine was recorded in New Orleans , adding a jazzy flare to the recording process . Now , Radio Salone , a product of an immensely storied West African band and their renowned Brooklyn producer , is set up to bring a new spin on an evolving group .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4549217682cc57d5dad834ac0ee80fa9", "text": "Sex columnist A sex columnist is a writer of a newspaper or magazine column about sex . Sex advice columns may take the form of essays or , more frequently , answers to questions posed by readers . Sex advice columns can usually be found in alt weekly newspapers , women 's magazines , health or fitness magazines , and student newspapers . While some are written by trained sexologists , many are penned by people lacking credentials in human sexuality and relationships , yet willing to divulge their opinions or personal bedroom antics . The television series Sex and the City protagonist Carrie Bradshaw was a sex columnist , which author Candace Bushnell modeled after herself in her original non-fiction book based on a column of the same name . The show , which first aired in 1998 , is credited with the increase of sex columnists found in college campus newspapers and blogs , such as at Ivy League colleges and many other schools . One such columnist , Meghan Bainum , at the University of Kansas , Lawrence , placed in the 42nd annual William Randolph Hearst Foundation Journalism Awards Program ( 2001 -- 2002 ) for her column . Anka Radakovich was the first of a new breed of sex columnists for whom `` every detail of the writer 's psyche is splayed across the page ... confessional journalism at its most intimate '' . Radakovich had written for the old Details magazine when it was a chronicle of downtown fashion and night life . After James Truman became editor-in-chief and transformed Details into a men 's magazine , he offered Radakovich a column in September 1990 . She became the first modern-day magazine sex columnist working for a mainstream men 's publication .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "14232cc8b85e21e4f4414fa7d35d10c2", "text": "Toby Whithouse Toby Whithouse -LSB- ˈwɪthaʊs -RSB- is an English actor , stand-up comedian and screenwriter . His highest-profile work has been the creation of the BBC Three supernatural television series Being Human . He also created the Channel 4 television drama series No Angels ( 2004 -- 06 ) , and has written for BBC One 's Hotel Babylon and Doctor Who . One of his Doctor Who episodes , titled `` School Reunion '' , featured the return of the robot dog K-9 and 1970s companion Sarah Jane Smith . After initially attending art college in his home town of Southend , Whithouse decided to drop out of the course and turn to acting as a profession . He was a regular in the early 1990s BBC One drama series The House of Eliott and had a small role in the 1993 film Shadowlands . He also appeared on stage in the West End , co-starring with Gene Wilder in Laughter on the 23rd Floor by Neil Simon in 1997 . Frustrated at what he perceived as a lack of quality in many of the scripts he was sent to read , Whithouse took to writing in his spare time between acting roles , eventually writing a play Jump Mr. Malinoff , Jump which won the Verity Bargate Award . The play was performed as the opening production of the Soho Theatre in Dean Street , London . Following this , he gained his first television work , writing an episode for the ITV drama series Where the Heart Is . He then became associated with the independent production company World Productions , for whom he worked on the BBC Two drama series Attachments . When Channel 4 approached World with a view to a new drama series commission , the company came up with the idea of a series concerning the lives of four nurses in the North of England , and Whithouse was given the task of fleshing out and formatting the show which became No Angels . The series was a success , running for three series on Channel 4 from 2004 to 2006 . Already being a friend of Doctor Who executive producer Julie Gardner , Whithouse was invited to contribute to the series in 2005 , eventually writing the third episode of the second series , `` School Reunion '' , transmitted on 29 April 2006 . He went on to write for the Doctor Who spin-off series Torchwood , with his episode -- `` Greeks Bearing Gifts '' -- transmitted on 26 November 2006 . Whithouse returned to Doctor Who in 2010 , 2011 , 2012 , 2015 and 2017 . In 2008 the pilot of Being Human , created and written by Whithouse , was shown on BBC Three . At first it was not part of BBC 's line-up for new commissioned series , but after positive public feedback including a petition for its return , it returned on BBC Three as a 6-part series in early 2009 . The first episode debuted on 25 January 2009 . The series went on to run for five seasons before it ended in 2013 . As an actor , he appeared in the role of Alistair in the film version of Bridget Jones 's Diary in 2001 . Since then his appearances have been less frequent , although he appeared in a small role in his own episode of Hotel Babylon in February 2006 , and made a cameo appearance in the last ever episode of No Angels , transmitted on Channel 4 in April 2006 . He also played the Home Secretary in the final series of Being Human in 2013 . Toby Whithouse is also a stand up comedian and has played several gigs under the `` Laughing Horse '' banner .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e1a8844cc01feb355d609f8ca609283c", "text": "Doctor Who (series 10) The tenth series of the British science fiction television programme Doctor Who premiered on 15 April 2017 and is set to consist of twelve episodes , after it was released in July 2015 that BBC Worldwide had invested in a tenth series of the programme in its annual review . The series is led by head writer and executive producer Steven Moffat , alongside executive producer Brian Minchin . It is the third and final series overseen by the two as executive producers , as well as Moffat 's sixth and final series as head writer . This series is the tenth to air following the programme 's revival in 2005 , and is the thirty-sixth season overall . Preceded by a Christmas special in December 2016 , `` The Return of Doctor Mysterio '' , the series is the third and final series starring Peter Capaldi as the Twelfth Doctor , an incarnation of the Doctor , an alien Time Lord who travels through time and space in his TARDIS , which appears to be a British police box on the outside ; Capaldi announced in January 2017 that he would be stepping down from the role after the tenth series . The series introduces Pearl Mackie as Bill Potts , the Doctor 's newest travelling companion , and also features Matt Lucas as Nardole , who appeared in the 2015 and 2016 Christmas specials . Steven Moffat wrote four episodes for the series . Other returning writers who have worked on this series and previous ones include Frank Cottrell-Boyce , Sarah Dollard , Jamie Mathieson , Peter Harness , Toby Whithouse and Mark Gatiss , as well as two new writers for the revived era of the programme , Mike Bartlett and Rona Munro , the latter of whom wrote Survival , the final serial of the original classic era . Directors of the series included three who have previously worked on the show , and three brand new ones . Filming began on 20 June 2016 and lasted just over nine months , ending on 7 April 2017 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "658b3715146722d0aa3b4ca34c4a2c58", "text": "Tenth Doctor The Tenth Doctor is an incarnation of the Doctor , the protagonist of the BBC science fiction television programme Doctor Who , who is played by David Tennant in three series as well as nine specials . As with previous incarnations of the Doctor , the character has also appeared in other Doctor Who spin-offs . In the programme 's narrative , the Doctor is a centuries-old Time Lord alien from the planet Gallifrey who travels in time in his TARDIS , frequently with companions . When the Doctor is critically injured beyond medical repair , he can regenerate his body ; in doing so , his physical appearance and personality change , and a new actor assumes the role . Tennant 's portrayal of the Doctor is of an outwardly charismatic and charming adventurer whose likable and easygoing attitude can quickly turn to righteous fury when provoked . This incarnation 's companions include working class shop assistant Rose Tyler ( Billie Piper ) , medical student Martha Jones ( Freema Agyeman ) , and fiery temp worker Donna Noble ( Catherine Tate ) . He eventually parts ways with them all by the end of the 2008 series finale , `` Journey 's End '' , after which he attempts to travel alone for the duration of the 2008 -- 2010 specials before being accompanied by Donna Noble 's grandfather Wilfred Mott on his final adventure in The End of Time . In November 2013 , Tennant 's Doctor was voted `` The UK 's favourite Doctor '' in a survey held by the Radio Times magazine .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b031a2046d5ef1f586d04ca00f151285", "text": "Edward Taylor (scriptwriter) Edward Taylor , ( born 1931 ) is a British dramatist and radio producer best known for the BBC Radio Comedy series The Men from the Ministry . Originally intending to seek a career in acting , Taylor applied to join Cambridge University , appearing in the 1955 Cambridge Footlights revue and becoming a scriptwriter after being noticed by a BBC talent scout and hired for a one-year contract . Taylor 's career with the BBC subsequently lasted for 36 years , during which he wrote a total of 2,300 programmes . He also produced several shows , not just situation comedies that he had written ( or co-written ) himself but also comedy panel games , including some editions of Just a Minute . Taylor came up with the idea for The Men from the Ministry after a lunch with actor friend Richard Murdoch in the early 1960s , during which Murdoch asked Taylor to write a comedy for him to appear in . The Men from the Ministry ran for 144 episodes and versions were also produced in South Africa , Sweden and Finland , Taylor continuing to write additional episodes for the Finnish version right up to 2008 . In 1992 , Taylor wrote the stage thriller Murder by Misadventure that appeared at the Vaudeville Theatre and then the Whitehall Theatre in London 's West End . The play starred Gerald Harper as Harold and William Gaunt as Riggs as a pair of television crime writers , one of whom wishes to end the partnership . Taylor currently lives in London with his wife Sue . They have a daughter , Imogen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fbd55e12eb335b8ec89e67352c393be9", "text": "Becoming Human Becoming Human is a British supernatural drama webisode series and a spin-off from the TV series Being Human . Created by Toby Whithouse , it was directed by Alex Kalymnios , written by Brian Dooley , Jamie Mathieson and John Jackson , and stars Craig Roberts as the teenage vampire Adam ( previously seen on Being Human ) , Leila Mimmack as the werewolf Christa and Josh Brown as the ghost Matt . A composition of the eight episodes ( including the finale ) was aired on BBC Three at 9:00 pm on 20 March 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a982da1fd0657a5589db23fa32ab89a2", "text": "Doctor Who Doctor Who is a British science-fiction television programme produced by the BBC since 1963 . The programme depicts the adventures of a Time Lord called `` The Doctor '' , an extraterrestrial being from the planet Gallifrey . He explores the universe in a time-travelling space ship called the TARDIS . Its exterior appears as a blue British police box , which was a common sight in Britain in 1963 when the series first aired . Accompanied by a number of companions , the Doctor combats a variety of foes , while working to save civilisations and help people in need . The show is a significant part of British popular culture , and elsewhere it has gained a cult following . It has influenced generations of British television professionals , many of whom grew up watching the series . The programme originally ran from 1963 to 1989 . There was an unsuccessful attempt to revive regular production in 1996 with a backdoor pilot , in the form of a television film titled Doctor Who . The programme was relaunched in 2005 , and since then has been produced in-house by BBC Wales in Cardiff . Doctor Who has also spawned numerous spin-offs , including comic books , films , novels , audio dramas , and the television series Torchwood ( 2006 -- 2011 ) , The Sarah Jane Adventures ( 2007 -- 2011 ) , K-9 ( 2009 -- 2010 ) , and Class '' ( 2016-present ) , and has been the subject of many parodies and references in popular culture . Twelve actors have headlined the series as the Doctor . The transition from one actor to another is written into the plot of the show with the concept of regeneration into a new incarnation -- an idea introduced in 1966 to allow the show to continue after the departure of original lead William Hartnell who was becoming very ill at the time . The concept is that this is a Time Lord trait through which the character of the Doctor takes on a new body and personality to recover from a severe injury or anything that would otherwise kill a normal person . Each actor 's portrayal differs , but all represent stages in the life of the same character and form a single narrative . The time-travelling feature of the plot means that different incarnations of the Doctor occasionally meet . The current lead , Peter Capaldi , took on the role after Matt Smith 's exit in the 2013 Christmas special `` The Time of the Doctor '' . In 2017 , Capaldi confirmed he would be leaving at the end of the tenth series , with his final appearance being the 2017 Christmas Special .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "83cd7a04c31773984cbfe7c048ddb48d", "text": "Gareth Roberts (writer) Gareth John Pritchard Roberts ( born 5 June 1968 ) is a British television screenwriter and novelist , best known for his work related to the science-fiction television series Doctor Who . He has also worked on various comedy series and soap operas . Roberts studied drama at the University of Winchester ( then King Alfred 's College ) and has also worked as a clerk at the Court of Appeal .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0708f2a47cb698fda346226dcacb7bf5", "text": "Chris Cwej Christopher Rodonanté Cwej , usually just known as Chris Cwej , is a fictional character from the Virgin New Adventures range of spin-offs based on the BBC science fiction television series Doctor Who . His surname should technically be pronounced `` Shvay '' , but he pronounces it `` Kwedge '' rather than keep correcting people . His first appearance was in the novel Original Sin by Andy Lane , with his adjudicator partner Roz Forrester . Adjudicators are the police force of 30th century Earth , which was at that time divided into the Overcity and the Undercity . Chris was born in 2954 to a family who lived in the lower levels of the Overcity . Chris 's father , Volsted Kornbluth Cwej , was also an adjudicator . Chris 's father was fairly old when Chris was born , having retired from the Adjudicators the previous year , 2953 , after 48 years of service , and he is well over 70 years old when the young Chris meets the Doctor . Chris 's grandfather died when Chris was only five , and Chris cried when he saw his grandfather being put into a coffin . A more distant ancestor , possibly a great grandfather was Nathaniel Cwej . Even further back , there was a Cwej involved with the founding of the Adjudicators , and the family have had a long association with the Adjudicators ever since . Chris 's accent sounds American , although his home would once have been considered a part of England , and his surname may have a Germanic/Saxon derivation . Chris is tall , blonde and muscular , and when he first met the Seventh Doctor and Bernice , he had had a `` body bepple '' ( bodily alteration ) which made him look like a teddy bear . He and Roz were investigating a murder case in Undercity in the year 2975 when they encountered the Doctor and Bernice . They helped the Doctor defeat his old enemy Tobias Vaughn , who had been manipulating human advancement since the 20th century . Having realise the extent of corruption in the Earth Empire and the Adjudicators , Chris and Roz chose to leave in the TARDIS . Chris and Roz travelled with the Doctor for many adventures . In this eventful period , Chris fathered two daughters : Jasmine Surprise Cwej-Hutchings with Ishtar Hutchings , and iKrissi with Dep of the People . After Roz 's death in battle , Chris continued to travel with the Doctor for a short time , but the event had a profound effect on him . During the events of Eternity Weeps , the Doctor 's former companion Liz Shaw contracted a deadly virus and begged Chris to kill her , however he was unable to do it . This and the subsequent death of millions of people from the virus caused Chris to question himself and first consider quitting the TARDIS . It took the apparent death of the Doctor in Japan to make him put aside his doubts and help protect the people of the local village from the local warlord , who wanted an alien device in their possession . The Doctor and Chris then travelled to the Doctor 's home planet of Gallifrey , where the Doctor faced members of his House and many dark secrets were revealed . After this , Chris decided to travel alone using a time ring given to him by Romana . The book which depicts Chris 's sexual encounter with a gay man , Damaged Goods , was written by future executive producer of the series Russell T Davies , whose works often include gay themes . Much like Davies ' later introduction to the series proper , Jack Harkness , Cwej opines that sexuality is not an issue where he comes from .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d66993ba19703fdf2195778eab72668b", "text": "Gary Whitford Gary Whitford is a television director , producer and voice artist , specialising in live and pre-recorded television programmes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fca29eb47b9a076ac98af5764974b1c5", "text": "Toby Hadoke Toby Hadoke ( born 2 January 1974 ) is an English actor , writer and stand-up comedian . He is known for his work on the Manchester comedy circuit , where he performs regularly . He runs the XS Malarkey comedy club , and is involved with many comedy nights in the region . His comedy tends towards the topical and/or political .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85330806bb25574c3042a48f4c5f3df3", "text": "Richard Dinnick Richard Dinnick ( born 22 January 1968 ) is a British screenwriter , novelist , and audio playwright . He is the winner of the 2012 BBC Writersroom opportunity to create a new show and to write for TV on the BBC and is now writing on the CBeebies TV shows Tree Fu Tom and Go Jetters - amongst others - as well as Mind Candy 's new Moshi Monsters TV show . He was one of six finalists in a recent BBC Academy opportunity to workshop a script for Waterloo Road . Dinnick is now Head Writer on the new Disney TV show Eena Meena Deeka and in-development action adventure show Captain Extraordinary . He was also a BAFTA Judge for Children 's Drama and produced a session for the 2014 Children 's Media Conference . He is developing several ideas for TV including a fantasy drama , Never After and a primetime crime drama , Murder of Crows , which is the first of its kind . Richard is currently in pre-production on new web series -- Light & Shadows -- with Capital City Entertainment as writer/producer . Dinnick is also developing a workplace drama , No Kidding , and an urban fantasy show , The Last Horseman . Dinnick has written prose , scripts and comics for many media properties including MGM 's Stargate and the BBC 's Doctor Who , as well as adapting the Sherlock Holmes stories of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle -- including The Hound of the Baskervilles -- for CD release . His first novel Alien Adventures was published by BBC Children 's Books in 2010 and he has since gone on to write books and short stories for Penguin UK , Titan Publishing , Black Library , Running Press and Snow Books . He has also written comic strips for IDW and BBC Magazines and his first original graphic novel is in the works . He is also often a guest at writing events ( including the London Screenwriters ' Festival ) and Doctor Who conventions ( such as Gallifrey One ) . His pre-school series Elf Stackers is in the commissioning process with the BBC . Dinnick is a member of the Writers Guild of Great Britain and the Royal Television Society and a Patron of the Children 's Media Foundation . His UK TV agent is Emily Smith at The Agency and his manager in the USA is Joe Riley .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ccd2369d12c7daeac3a2970f0abc509", "text": "Doctor Who (pinball) Doctor Who is a pinball machine designed by Bill Pfutzenreuter ( Pfutz ) and Barry Oursler , and released by Midway ( under the Bally brand name ) in September 1992 . It is based on the television series of the same name , although the relationship of spinoff media to the parent series is open to question . As stated in the Gameplay section , the rulesheet is rather different from other pinball machines released at the time , which did n't help popularity ( and even now it is still seen as an exotic machine amongst collectors ) as casual players did not understand the complex rule changes that occur during the game . The first 100 games included a moving Dalek topper that would turn side-to-side while the robot was speaking . The effect was achieved by fitting the robot 's body with a complex motor , cam , and optoelectronics system . Its complexity and expense lead to it being cut from the production run . Production Dalek toppers can be made to move with `` wobble head kits '' . Prototypes featured the old Bally-style backbox ( and a totally different backglass ) , but this was changed to the Williams-styled one in order to cheapen the production process for both product lines .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0fd353359f873fd2f4e64357b9a1cce8", "text": "Doctor Who (series 9) The ninth series of the British science fiction television programme Doctor Who premiered on 19 September 2015 with `` The Magician 's Apprentice '' and concluded on 5 December 2015 with `` Hell Bent '' . The series was led by head writer and executive producer Steven Moffat , alongside executive producer Brian Minchin . Nikki Wilson , Peter Bennett , and Derek Ritchie served as producers . The series is the ninth to air following the programme 's revival in 2005 , and is the thirty-fifth season overall . This is the second series starring Peter Capaldi as the Twelfth Doctor , an alien Time Lord who travels through time and space in his TARDIS , which is disguised as a British police box . It also stars Jenna Coleman as the Doctor 's companion , Clara Oswald , for her third and final series in the role . Also playing a major recurring role in the series is Maisie Williams as Ashildr , a Viking girl made immortal by the Doctor , which leads to major events resulting of her encounters with the Doctor . The series ' main story arc revolves around the mystery of a being called the Hybrid , the combination of two great warrior races . The Hybrid is alluded to with the appearance of many other hybrids such as Osgood and Ashildr , with both being dramatically revealed as being hybrids . The Doctor 's investigation into this being ultimately leads him back to his home planet of Gallifrey , which returns fully in the series . Steven Moffat wrote four episodes solo and co-wrote an additional two . The other writers who worked on this series included Toby Whithouse , Jamie Mathieson , Catherine Tregenna , Peter Harness , Mark Gatiss , and Sarah Dollard . Directors of the series included ones who had previously worked with Moffat on the show , and brand new ones . Filming began on 5 January 2015 . The ninth series received high acclaim from critics , with many labelling it as the show 's strongest season to date . Aspects of the series that were met with the most praise included the writing , directing , and structure of the series , as well as the performances of Peter Capaldi , Jenna Coleman and Maisie Williams .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5e3fe1c1595c92208081a60a8eea8ca", "text": "Project Infinity (Doctor Who audio) Project Infinity is a Big Finish Productions audio drama based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "584d507933efee3483d143bdcbe5f948", "text": "Tom MacRae Tom MacRae ( born 1980 ) is an English television writer . He is the creator of Comedy Central 's Threesome . He has also written for Marple and Lewis for ITV , and Casualty and Bonekickers for the BBC . He wrote the two-part story `` Rise of the Cybermen '' and `` The Age of Steel '' for the 2006 series of Doctor Who . Issue 383 of Doctor Who Magazine reported that MacRae had been commissioned to write the episode `` Century House '' for Series 4 , broadcast in 2008 ; however , this episode was cancelled after Russell T Davies decided that it was too close in tone to another episode . More recently , MacRae wrote `` The Girl Who Waited '' for the 2011 series of Doctor Who . MacRae wrote a picture book for children called The Opposite which has gone into paperback and been published in several languages . His second book for children , Baby Pie also received a paperback edition . His writing for television includes ; BBC One 's Mayo starring Alistair McGowan , `` At Bertrams Hotel '' for Marple and `` Life Born of Fire '' for Lewis ( both for ITV1 ) , The Lines of War for the BBC series Bonekickers and an episode of Casualty . He was nominated for a BAFTA in 2002 for Off Limits : School 's Out for Channel 4 . MacRae grew up in Weedon Bec , Northamptonshire and attended Campion School , Bugbrooke . In 2011 , he created and wrote Threesome , Comedy Central UK 's first original scripted comedy since the channel was renamed in 2009 . It starred Stephen Wight and Amy Huberman as a young couple and Emun Elliott as their gay best friend . A second series has aired . He wrote the book and lyrics to new musical Everybody 's Talking About Jamie , which premiered in Sheffield in February 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f544bfc758baf53655bd977522c4aa46", "text": "The Impossible Planet `` The Impossible Planet '' is the eighth episode of the second series of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who , first broadcast on 3 June 2006 . It is the first part of a two-part story , followed by `` The Satan Pit '' . The TARDIS lands in a base on a planet orbiting a black hole , an allegedly impossible situation that stumps even the Doctor . The base crew are drilling towards a mysterious subterranean power source , to claim the power that keeps the planet in orbit for the good of the Human Empire . However , an ancient evil is down there too , and it is awakened .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "61aaf6c87bf853eee29848fc073a8f43", "text": "The Curse of the Black Spot `` The Curse of the Black Spot '' is the third episode of the sixth series of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who . Written by Stephen Thompson , and directed by Jeremy Webb , the episode was first broadcast on 7 May 2011 on BBC One in the United Kingdom and on BBC America in the United States . It features the Doctor ( Matt Smith ) and his companions Amy Pond ( Karen Gillan ) and Rory Williams ( Arthur Darvill ) . In the episode , the TARDIS materialises in the 17th century on board a pirate ship whose crew is being terrorised by a Siren-like creature . After receiving an injury , however minor , a black spot appears on their palms and then the creature apparently disintegrates them . The producers wished to develop a pirate-themed episode for the sixth series and allow the protagonists to `` sit back and have some fun '' on the adventure . The episode was primarily filmed at a dock in Cornwall and Upper Boat Studios in Wales . `` The Curse of the Black Spot '' was seen by 7.85 million viewers and received generally mixed reviews from critics . It gained an audience Appreciation Index of 86 -- considered excellent .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ed6eca284cc759ad4cadf9717722a516", "text": "Alan Whiting Alan Whiting is a British screenwriter who has written for Heartbeat , Wire in the Blood , Steel River Blues and Kingdom ( which he also co-created ) . `` The Darkness of Light '' , one of his Wire in the Blood episodes , was nominated for an Edgar Award for Best Television Feature Or Mini-Series Teleplay in 2005 . He adapted Half Broken Things for Festival Films and it was broadcast on ITV in 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8ce9a5c725a3e5a1708a9a2600c85ac", "text": "John Wyndham John Wyndham Parkes Lucas Beynon Harris ( -LSB- ˈwɪndəm -RSB- 10 July 1903 -- 11 March 1969 ) was an English science fiction writer best known for his works written using the pen name John Wyndham , although he also used other combinations of his names , such as John Beynon and Lucas Parkes . Many of his works were set in post-apocalyptic landscapes . His best known works include The Day of the Triffids ( 1951 ) and The Midwich Cuckoos ( 1957 ) , the latter filmed twice as Village of the Damned .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e2ddfbd07c387cc4f2fd921f3b992ac2", "text": "Eighth Doctor comic stories Eighth Doctor comic stories are two ranges of comic series that featured the adventures of the eighth incarnation of the Doctor , the protagonist of the hit sc-fi series , Doctor Who . Two separate series of original comic strips featuring the Eighth Doctor ( and thus the likeness of actor Paul McGann ) were published during the character 's original tenure . The Radio Times published a weekly comic strip for a time . There was also the standard Doctor Who Magazine strip . The two series introduced brand-new companions , although the Eighth Doctor 's only on-screen companion , Grace Holloway , also appeared twice . There were also cameo appearances by companions from past DWM series . The Master was also resurrected . During the latter period of the DWM 's comic stories the stories switched from black and white strips to full colour . One of the strip 's most noted fans was Russell T Davies , the future executive producer and head writer of the revived Doctor Who series . Davies had proposed that the Magazine 's strip regenerate McGann 's Doctor at the conclusion of The Flood . Whilst a draft was prepared to include the regeneration , the idea was abandoned as the Magazine team had reservations about taking such an important element from the television series should McGann ever be used in the series for flashback purposes . Eventually the decision was taken to simply end `` The Flood '' on a note similar to Survival , with The Eighth Doctor and Destrii 's later adventures left a mystery to the readers . It has been speculated that Davies loosely adapted elements from The Flood in his later DW storylines The Parting of the Ways and Army of Ghosts ( in particular the Doctor absorbing the time/space vortex to save Rose Tyler 's life , triggering his regeneration and the ghost-shifting infiltration of The Cybermen on an unsuspecting public )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5389327bbecf220683cf3d8ae4d71120", "text": "Day One (Torchwood) `` Day One '' is the second episode of the first series of the British science fiction television series Torchwood . Directed by Brian Kelly , the episode was first broadcast on the digital channel BBC Three on 22 October 2006 with the series pilot , `` Everything Changes '' , and later repeated on terrestrial channel BBC Two on 25 October . It was the first work in the Doctor Who universe to be written by future Doctor Who showrunner Chris Chibnall . The episode centres on Gwen Cooper ( Eve Myles ) working her first case with Torchwood Three in Cardiff . A purple alien gas is loose in the city and takes Carys Fletcher ( Sara Gregory ) host ; the gas kills its victims by orgasm , leaving behind a pile of dust . Over the course of the episode , the team hunt for Carys before the gas kills her . In the end they track her down to a fertility clinic ; the gas leaves Carys to take Gwen host , but is stopped by a portable prison cell and dies out . Originally entitled `` New Girl '' , the episode was written to interpret Gwen 's `` first day in hell '' . On the sex gas , series creator Russell T Davies stated `` when we 're launching a new adult science fiction drama , it 's kind of inevitable you 're going to do the sex monster '' . The episode was filmed during a three - to four-week period in May 2006 , with much of it filmed before the first episode in the same production block . `` Day One '' was originally seen by 2.3 million viewers , making it one of the highest-rated BBC Three broadcasts of all time , but was met with generally mixed reviews .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc34377ebade3a83d2318e16119bfb77", "text": "Nevermore (audio drama) Nevermore is an audio drama based on the British science fiction television series Doctor Who . This audio drama was produced by Big Finish Productions .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "452e9f7e13652057314266e49349a984", "text": "Olivia Wilde Olivia Wilde ( born Olivia Jane Cockburn ; March 10 , 1984 ) is an American actress , model , director , and producer . She is well known for her role as Dr. Remy `` Thirteen '' Hadley on the award-winning medical television series House ( 2007 -- 12 ) and her roles in Alpha Dog ( 2007 ) , Tron : Legacy ( 2010 ) , Cowboys & Aliens ( 2011 ) , Her ( 2013 ) , Drinking Buddies ( 2013 ) , and Rush ( 2013 ) . She starred in HBO 's rock 'n' roll drama series Vinyl ( 2016 ) .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "85b4cd50b7d21be77c8d001d406333d1", "text": "Penelope Tree Penelope Tree ( born 2 December 1949 ) is an English former fashion model prominent in swinging sixties London .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa42c202f2d7877ab8535499f0744a7b", "text": "Olivia Records Olivia Records was a collective founded in 1973 to record and market women 's music . Olivia , named after the heroine of a pulp novel by Dorothy Bussy who fell in love with her headmistress at French boarding school , was the brainchild of ten lesbian-feminists ( the Furies Collective and Radicalesbians ) living in Washington , D.C. who wanted to create a feminist organization with an economic base . Olivia was co-founded by Judy Dlugacz . In 1973 , the collective put out a 45 with Meg Christian on one side and Cris Williamson on the other . Yoko Ono responded and said that she wanted to do a side project with Olivia , but the collective politely declined . Without making themselves dependent on any high-profile person , they made $ 12,000 with that 45 , enough to put out singer Meg Christian 's first record , and soon after , Williamson 's groundbreaking album The Changer and the Changed . Sandy Stone was Olivia 's sound engineer from ca. 1974-1978 , recording and mixing all Olivia product during this period . She resigned as the controversy over her working for a lesbian-identified enterprise increased because she was a transgender woman . The debate continued in Janice Raymond 's book The Transsexual Empire , which devoted a chapter to criticism of `` the transsexually constructed lesbian-feminist '' . In 1977 , after repeated criticism by Anita Bryant , Olivia put out Lesbian Concentrate , a collection of songs and poetry with part of the proceeds going to benefit the Lesbian Mothers National Defense Fund . Included on the 13 track LP is Meg Christian 's `` Ode To A Gym Teacher '' and Sue Fink 's `` Leaping Lesbians '' . Olivia moved first to Los Angeles to stay on top of the burgeoning music scene and then to Oakland . The remaining five women of the collective , who had been pooling their money and even living together for the previous seven years , began to disperse . Olivia stopped putting out new records and instead performed a series of 15th anniversary concerts in 1988 . The two concerts at Carnegie Hall in New York City were the largest grossing concerts at that venue in its history . Yet , The New York Times barely mentioned the show . Even though Olivia Records released world music and salsa records , they were most successful with acoustic solo acts , although sometimes they failed to identify mainstream talent . In 1985 , singer/songwriter Melissa Etheridge , then a struggling Los Angeles artist , sent her demo to Olivia , but was ultimately rejected . Etheridge went on to become one of the most popular female performers of the 1990s and arguably the most successful lesbian musician of all time . She saved the rejection letter , signed by `` the women of Olivia , '' which was featured in Intimate Portrait , the Lifetime Television documentary of her life . Unable to reinvent themselves for the changing musical landscape for women , from riot grrl to Lilith Fair to Ani Difranco , Olivia could no longer sustain itself as a record label . Olivia Records founded Olivia , the lesbian cruise line , in 1988 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33857518be5cb126c993ccdf2664e1bd", "text": "Make Me a Supermodel (U.S. TV series) Make Me a Supermodel is an American reality television modeling competition series based on the British reality series of the same name . Following an audition preview on January 2 , 2008 , the series premiered January 10 , 2008 on the cable television network Bravo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da9a3a575e1d685c0b7f2435c7409b1c", "text": "Glamourcon Glamourcon is a fan convention that takes place twice a year , once in Chicago and once in Los Angeles , that centers upon glamour models and glamour photography , with its guests typically being Playboy Playmates , Penthouse Pets , Hustler Honeys , Perfect 10 Models , soft core Pornographic Actresses and other pin-up models . A portmanteau of the phrase `` Glamour Convention '' , it was founded by entrepreneur Robert Schulz .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c6e29a5cd27ae1a276fa735b93902b49", "text": "Astrid Bryan Astrid Coppens ( born 25 January 1983 ) is a Flemish Belgian model , singer , actress , television personality , creative director", "title": "" }, { "docid": "52e77ff2b66016fa8a580812c77931a3", "text": "Olivia (singer) Olivia Theresa Longott ( born February 15 , 1981 in Brooklyn , New York , U.S. ) , professionally known as Olivia , is an American singer , songwriter , rapper and actress . She is best known for contributing vocals to 50 Cent 's hit single `` Candy Shop '' and her debut album Olivia . She was also known as a regular cast member in the first three seasons ( 2011 -- 13 ) of the VH1 reality television series Love & Hip Hop : New York .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "04b138db704e979e20502f8ba2ea9289", "text": "Top Model Top Model or Next Top Model is a fashion-themed reality television show format produced in many countries throughout the world and seen in over 120 countries producing over 200 seasons ( referred to as `` cycles '' ) . The show takes the form of a modeling competition whose winners typically receive a contract with a major modeling agency and a cover shoot and fashion photo spread in a fashion magazine . The format was created by Tyra Banks for the original series , America 's Next Top Model which was first aired in 2003 , produced by Ken Mok 's 10 by 10 Entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68f3bbe378663247fc42cdc6b42f83ef", "text": "Perfect Girl `` Perfect Girl '' is the second single from Kim Wilde 's comeback album Never Say Never , released in 2006 . The album contains new songs ( including this one ) as well as re-recorded versions of some of Wilde 's 1980s hits . Released in Germany , the single contained the `` Radio Edit '' of the song , but also two remixes . It also contained a new acoustic version of `` European Soul '' from Wilde 's 1988 best-selling album Close .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "67efb586725e54401e7c551df0b30672", "text": "Alex Lundqvist Alex Lundqvist ( born 14 April 1976 ) is a male Swedish model . He is a Model Actor and entrepreneur He currently resides in New York . His modeling career began in the summer of 1996 , when he met photographer Bruce Weber and Sean Patterson , a Wilhelmina agent , who tracked him down after spotting his photo in an obscure publication . Immediately , Versace booked him for a worldwide campaign with Helena Christensen shot by Bruce Weber . This led to doing the Lagerfeld campaigns in Europe and Guess in the US . He has appeared in magazines such as GQ , Playgirl , Elle , L'Uomo Vogue , Top Model and was interviewed on MTV 's House of Style with his best friend and fellow model Mark Vanderloo . He was chosen for the 1995 Guess campaign with Laetitia Casta and Valeria Mazza . He starred in the 2014 film The Limit as Chris . He is signed to Wilhelmina Models in New York City . He appeared as Fergie 's love interest in Fergie 's music video , `` Clumsy . '' He is married to Keytt Lundqvist . He speaks fluent English , Swedish and German , Italian and French . He is to appear in the upcoming Tokyo NY film in 2017 . Alex and Amber Valletta stars in the Oliver People 's 30 year anniversary Campaign shot by Peter Lindbergh . Alex is considered of the 10 most iconic male models of all time by Models.com", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0009fd68054f6938bc6c5660e23e9e1f", "text": "Olivia Arthur Olivia Arthur ( born 1980 ) is a British documentary photographer and member of the Magnum photography agency . Originally studying mathematics at Oxford University she later studied photojournalism at the London College of Printing . Arthur 's first book Jeddah Diary is about the lives of young women in Saudi Arabia . Her second book Stranger views Dubai through the eyes of the survivor of a shipwreck .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "784324bdff83bc3bcb3fa5774ddeb9e8", "text": "Olivia Del Rio Olivia Del Rio ( born 16 April 1969 ) is a Brazilian former pornographic actress , escort , and webcam model .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9015a8e97dcc228dfc296f3c05f5164", "text": "Olivia (Olivia Newton-John album) Olivia is the second studio album by the British-Australian singer-songwriter Olivia Newton-John , released in 1972 . Two of its songs were released as singles ( `` What Is Life '' and `` My Old Man 's Got a Gun '' ) . In its initial release , it was not issued in the United States , though it was sold there as an import . A digitally remastered version was released in 1995 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a98ee566e4607bec287400a6fe4c7a96", "text": "Malena Belafonte Malena Belafonte ( born Malena Mathiesen ) is an international fashion model .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8adfeea69a0d2f22302af312f20a892c", "text": "Designerspirene Designerspirene was a Norwegian reality television series that focused on fashion design . The show is aired on TV3 and is based on the American format , Project Runway hosted by Heidi Klum . Project Runway has been Emmy-nominated for `` Outstanding reality-competition program '' in 2005 and 2006 . The show has only had one season in 2007 with no plans for a renewal . Spirene follows similarly to the American format . Each week contestants are given a task and money to create the best outfit under a restricted amount of time . The outfit is shown off at the runway and judged at the end of the show . The judges then deliberate who will be sent home for elimination . Designerspirene is hosted by supermodel Vendela Kirsebom Thommessen . The regular judges are Vendela Kirsebom Thommessen , fashion designer Peter Løchstøer , and Petra Middelthon fashion director of Norwegian ELLE magazine , with the fourth judge as a new guest judge . Tim Gunn 's mentor role in the American format is done by William Jensen , Norway 's first fashion designer . The season one awards included a collection showing at Oslo Fashion Week , a trip to Olympus Fashion Week in New York , a fashion spread in ELLE magazine , sewing equipment worth $ 6,500 from Janome , and $ 25,000 in cash . The title derives from designer which is a borrowed cognate in Norwegian from English and spirene which literally means sprout or bud but here takes on the figurative meaning of a designer budding or growing into a better one . The show lasted only one season before being canceled .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3579a993f5316812f28d5c72c25575e6", "text": "Hum Award for Best Model Male The Hum Award for Best Model Male is one of the Hum Awards presented annually by the Hum Television Network and Entertainment Channel ( HTNEC ) to Male model who has achieved outstanding recognition within the fashion industry . Since its inception , however , the award has commonly been referred to as the hum for Best Model Male . Nominations are made by Hum members who are models and fashion models , and winners are decided by audience votes , as of first ceremony this was one of seven categories which were set open for public .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e549e84374879a6cd88ae7ac262dc8e", "text": "Olivia (Rossner novel) Olivia ( or , The Weight of the Past ) is the penultimate novel by Judith Rossner , author of the critically acclaimed best sellers Looking for Mr. Goodbar and August . Published in 1994 by Crown , Olivia examines `` a mother-daughter conflict set in the world of gastronomy . '' ,", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6fa529291e13646459191f39c7c33fd4", "text": "Wilde Wilde is a surname . Notable people with the name include :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "895edc76db691eca935e0597be68d93d", "text": "Expecting Models Expecting Models is the first agency of its kind that specializes in providing professional pregnant models and actresses for the fashion and commercial world . Founded in New York City in 2001 by Elliott-Ramirez , a former fashion model herself , Expecting Models represents real moms , their babies and real families . The agency gives models and actresses the opportunity to keep working , but in a different segment of the industry -- enabling talent to work from pregnancy thru post-delivery . Expecting Models , Inc. is a licensed , bonded and SAG franchised agency and has quarters in New York City and Los Angeles . Their fashion clients include Motherswork , Gap , Target , Cadeau , Liz Lange , Nordstrom and Destination Maternity . Additionally , Expecting Models provides with models for print magazines like Fit Pregnancy , Pregnancy & New Born and 9 Plus Bebe Mama Magazine . Expecting Models is also featured in the show `` Runway Moms '' , broadcast on the Discovery Health Channel . In the show , Liza Elliott-Ramirez becomes a maternity expert for her models .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5cd42c87360d3baa04063550ee2754f4", "text": "World Bikini Model International World Bikini Model International is a fashion and beauty pageant . The event is organised yearly by Catwalk Productions International which was founded in 1987 by Paul Chetcuti . Catwalk Productions has always given fashion , beauty , culture and tourism prominence in the events .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35ff893268d4267df7fc4c4f84a64947", "text": "Lucie Robinson Lucie Robinson ( born 1978 ) is a portrait , art and fashion photographer . Robinson was born in Jablonec nad Nisou in the former Czechoslovakia into a family with roots in Austria and Imperial Russia . She studied joaillerie in her hometown and design at the Academy of Arts , Architecture and Design ( VSUP ) in Prague . In 1996 she launched a career as a commercial model , moving to Paris in 1998 . She had received formal education covering artistic techniques , but concentrated on the medium of photography and by the early 2000s established herself as a portrait and fashion photographer . She photographed many celebrities and top models including a 2009 publicity campaign for Louis Vuitton featuring Paulina Porizkova , Miloš Forman and Helena Houdová . Her portraits and fashion editorials have been published by Elle , Harper 's Bazaar , Marie Claire , Vision ( China ) , Wig ( UK ) and further fashion and lifestyle magazines in Europe and in Asia . However , Robinson 's uncredited work appeared also in commercial advertisement campaigns for industrial clients like Cadbury , Orange Mobile , T-Mobile and Procter & Gamble . Her work has won various prizes , including the 2006 Cannes Fashion Photography Festival and three consecutive wins ( 2007 -- 2009 ) of the Schwarzkopf Press Awards . In 2008 , a solo exhibition of her work on fashion and architecture was staged in the New York Museum of Arts and Design .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "eba62c8384b3241fe97cb4ca5b8d9c2f", "text": "Sleep Sleep is a naturally recurring state of mind and body characterized by altered consciousness , relatively inhibited sensory activity , inhibition of nearly all voluntary muscles , and reduced interactions with surroundings . It is distinguished from wakefulness by a decreased ability to react to stimuli , but is more easily reversed than the state of being comatose . Sleep occurs in repeating periods , in which the body alternates between two highly distinct modes known as non-REM and REM sleep . Although REM stands for `` rapid eye movement '' , this mode of sleep has many other aspects , including virtual paralysis of the body . A well-known feature of sleep is the dream , an experience typically recounted in narrative form , which resembles waking life while in progress , but which usually can later be distinguished as fantasy . During sleep , most of the body 's systems are in an anabolic state , helping to restore the immune , nervous , skeletal , and muscular systems ; these are vital processes that maintain mood , memory , and cognitive performance and plays a large role in the function of the endocrine and immune systems . The internal circadian clock promotes sleep daily at night . The diverse purposes and mechanisms of sleep are the subject of substantial ongoing research . The advent of artificial light has substantially altered sleep timing in industrialized countries . Humans may suffer from various sleep disorders , including dyssomnias , such as insomnia , hypersomnia , narcolepsy , and sleep apnea ; parasomnias , such as sleepwalking and REM behavior disorder ; bruxism ; and circadian rhythm sleep disorders .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "621cbe92e58d5d251c51b53ebf6cbc4d", "text": "Tasimelteon Tasimelteon ( trade name Hetlioz ) is a drug approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) in January 2014 for the treatment of non-24-hour sleep -- wake disorder ( also called Non-24 , N24 and N24HSWD ) . In June 2014 , the European Medicines Agency accepted an EU filing application for tasimelteon and in July 2015 , the drug was approved in Europe for the treatment of non-24-hour sleep-wake rhythm disorder in totally blind adults , but not in the rarer case of non-24 in sighted people . Tasimelteon is a selective agonist for the melatonin receptors MT1 and MT2 , similar to other members of the melatonin receptor agonist class of which ramelteon ( 2005 ) and agomelatine ( 2009 ) were the first approved . As a treatment for N24HSWD , as with melatonin or other melatonin derivatives , the patient may experience improved sleep timing while taking the drug . Reversion to baseline sleep performance occurs within a month of discontinuation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "372e484e487da6249593a3419840251b", "text": "Neurasthenia Neurasthenia is a term that was first used at least as early as 1829 to label a mechanical weakness of the actual nerves , rather than the more metaphorical `` nerves '' referred to by George Miller Beard later . As a psychopathological term , neurasthenia was used by Beard in 1869 to denote a condition with symptoms of fatigue , anxiety , headache , heart palpitations , high blood pressure , neuralgia and depressed mood . Neurasthenia is currently a diagnosis in the World Health Organization 's International Classification of Diseases ( and the Chinese Society of Psychiatry 's Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders ) . However , it is no longer included as a diagnosis in the American Psychiatric Association 's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders . Americans were said to be particularly prone to neurasthenia , which resulted in the nickname `` Americanitis '' ( popularized by William James ) . Another , rarely used , term for neurasthenia is nervosism .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "743a64c62e87dcc183cb773289154a30", "text": "Long-term effects of alcohol consumption The long-term effects of alcohol ( ethanol ) consumption range from cardioprotective health benefits for low to moderate alcohol consumption in industrialized societies with higher rates of cardiovascular disease to severe detrimental effects in cases of chronic alcohol abuse . Health effects associated with alcohol intake in large amounts include an increased risk of alcoholism , malnutrition , chronic pancreatitis , alcoholic liver disease , and cancer . In addition , damage to the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system can occur from chronic alcohol abuse . The long-term use of alcohol is capable of damaging nearly every organ and system in the body . The developing adolescent brain is particularly vulnerable to the toxic effects of alcohol . In addition , the developing fetal brain is also vulnerable , and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders ( FASDs ) may result if pregnant mothers consume alcohol . The inverse relation in Western cultures between alcohol consumption and cardiovascular disease has been known for over 100 years . Many physicians do not promote alcohol consumption , however , given the many health concerns associated with it , some suggest that alcohol should be regarded as a recreational drug , and promote exercise and good nutrition to combat cardiovascular disease . Others have argued that the benefits of moderate alcohol consumption may be outweighed by other increased risks , including those of injuries , violence , fetal damage , liver disease , and certain forms of cancer . Withdrawal effects and dependence are also almost identical . Alcohol at moderate levels has some positive and negative effects on health . The negative effects include increased risk of liver diseases , oropharyngeal cancer , esophageal cancer and pancreatitis . Conversely moderate intake of alcohol may have some beneficial effects on gastritis and cholelithiasis . Of the total number of deaths and diseases caused by alcohol , most happen to the majority of the population who are moderate drinkers , rather than the heavy drinker minority . Chronic alcohol misuse and abuse has serious effects on physical and mental health . Chronic excess alcohol intake , or alcohol dependence , can lead to a wide range of neuropsychiatric or neurological impairment , cardiovascular disease , liver disease , and malignant neoplasms . The psychiatric disorders which are associated with alcoholism include major depression , dysthymia , mania , hypomania , panic disorder , phobias , generalized anxiety disorder , personality disorders , schizophrenia , suicide , neurologic deficits ( e.g. impairments of working memory , emotions , executive functions , visuospatial abilities and gait and balance ) and brain damage . Alcohol dependence is associated with hypertension , coronary heart disease , and ischemic stroke , cancer of the respiratory system , and also cancers of the digestive system , liver , breast and ovaries . Heavy drinking is associated with liver disease , such as cirrhosis . Excessive alcohol consumption can have a negative impact on aging . Recent studies have focused on understanding the mechanisms by which moderate alcohol consumption confers cardiovascular benefit .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2faff3cfd503a8eb48eef754242772c2", "text": "Chronic fatigue syndrome treatment Treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome ( CFS ) is variable and uncertain , and the condition is primarily managed rather than cured . Only two treatments , cognitive behavioral therapy and graded exercise therapy , have demonstrated reproducible evidence for their efficacy people with CFS who are walking . There are no Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) approved medications for ME/CFS treatment , although medications are used without approval for the illness ( off-label ) . Drugs have been used in experimental studies of the illness that have n't been approved for market for any condition in the United States ( for example , isoprinosine and rintatolimod ) . Other proposed treatments include medical treatments and alternative medicine . Even when treated , the prognosis of CFS is often poor . In one study , poor early management was reported to be a main risk factor for severe CFS ( delayed diagnosis , poor response to analgesics , physiotherapy , or alternative medicine ) , with associated variables including a poor relationship with the GP before and after diagnosis , and the involvement of a psychiatrist in initial treatment . CFS management techniques include behavioral interventions such as cognitive behavioral therapy ( CBT , a form of psychological therapy ) , and graded exercise therapy ( GET ) . Based on evidence from multiple randomized clinical trials ( RCTs ) , a systematic review published in the Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine ( October 2006 ) stated that CBT and GET interventions showed promising results , appearing to reduce symptoms and improve function . The review stated that the evidence of effectiveness was inconclusive for most other interventions , with some reporting significant adverse effects . The wide variety of outcome measures used in CFS research was found to be a `` fundamental problem '' for assessing the effectiveness of interventions in general , and no intervention has proven to be effective in restoring the ability to work . Recovery is `` rare '' even after a comprehensive rehabilitation programme .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "153c28889bed5a2bd3d8df8e3f55369f", "text": "Drug prohibition law Drug prohibition law is prohibition-based law by which governments prohibit , except under licence , the production , supply , and possession of many , but not all , substances which are recognized as drugs , and which corresponds to international treaty commitments in the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs 1961 , the Convention on Psychotropic Substances 1971 , and the United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances 1988 . When produced , supplied or possessed under licence , otherwise prohibited drugs are known as controlled drugs . The aforementioned legislation is the cultural institution and social fact that de facto divides world drug trade as illegal vs legal , according to geopolitical issues . The United Nations has its own drug control programme , as part of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime ( UNODC ) , which was formerly called the United Nations Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention ( ODCCP ) , and the Commission on Narcotic Drugs is the central drug policy-making body within the United Nations system . The International Narcotics Control Board ( INCB ) is an independent and quasi-judicial control organ for the implementation of the United Nations drug control conventions . It is important to note that there are several different sets of `` schedules '' , or lists , of controlled drugs . One is the INCB schedules ( four schedules numbered I-IV ) , while another is the United States ' Controlled Substances Act schedules of controlled substances ( five schedules , numbered I-V ) . Other countries also have different classifications and numbers of lists , such as those of the United Kingdom and Canada .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "816699fa01f4a16036eb0679278fd297", "text": "5-HT2C receptor agonist Serotonin 5-HT2 receptors are stimulated by monoamine neurotransmitters including serotonin , dopamine and norepinephrine . 5-HT2 receptor stimulation causes a buildup of intracellular inositol triphosphate and thereby an increase of cytosolic Ca2 + . 5-HT2C receptor agonists are attractive drug targets that have potential use in the treatment of a number of conditions including obesity , psychiatric disorders , sexual dysfunction and urinary incontinence . The 5-HT2C receptors are one of three subtypes that belong to the serotonin 5-HT2 receptor subfamily along with 5-HT2A and 5-HT2B receptors . The development of 5-HT2C agonists has been a major obstacle , because of severe side effects due to a lack of selectivity over 5-HT2A and 5-HT2B receptors . Activation of 5-HT2A receptors can induce hallucinations , and the activation of 5-HT2B receptors has been implicated in cardiac valvular insufficiency and possibly in pulmonary hypertension .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40ccd6ba6dd8ea1b30f3397feece4aa9", "text": "Pre-lucid dream A pre-lucid dream or near-lucid dream is one in which the dreamer considers the question , `` Am I asleep and dreaming ? '' The dreamer may or may not come to the correct conclusion . Such experiences are liable to occur to people who are deliberately cultivating lucid dreams , but may also occur spontaneously to those with no prior intention to achieve lucidity in dreams .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57740e44220f7900dd1d8e8d299fefb1", "text": "Neurophysiology Neurophysiology ( from Greek νεῦρον , neuron , `` nerve '' ; φύσις , physis , `` nature , origin '' ; and - λογία , - logia , `` knowledge '' ) is a branch of physiology and neuroscience that is concerned with the study of the functioning of the nervous system . The primary tools of basic neurophysiological research include electrophysiological recordings , such as patch clamp , voltage clamp , extracellular single-unit recording and recording of local field potentials , as well as some of the methods of calcium imaging , optogenetics , and molecular biology . Neurophysiology is related to electrophysiology , neurobiology , psychology , neurology , clinical neurophysiology , neuroanatomy , cognitive science , biophysics , mathematical biology , and other sciences concerning the brain .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "71a88ea47b0894520f85442b96af7b16", "text": "Dopamine releasing agent A dopamine releasing agent ( DRA ) is a type of drug which induces the release of dopamine in the body and/or brain . No selective DRAs are currently known . Many releasing agents of both dopamine and norepinephrine ( norepinephrine-dopamine releasing agents , or NDRAs ) and of serotonin , norepinephrine , and dopamine are known ( serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine releasing agents , or SNDRAs ) , however . Examples of NDRAs include amphetamine and methamphetamine , and an example of an SNDRA is MDMA . These drugs are frequently encountered as drugs of abuse . A closely related type of drug is a dopamine reuptake inhibitor ( DRI ) . Various selective DRIs are known , in contrast to the case of DRAs . It is particularly of note that the mechanism of action at DAT for dopamine releasers/substrates is entropy-driven ( i.e. hydrophobic ) , whereas for dopamine re-uptake inhibitors it is enthalpy-driven ( i.e. conformational change ) . There is some , albeit mixed , in vitro evidence that the antidepressant and modestly selective DRI amineptine may in addition to inhibiting the reuptake of dopamine selectively induce the presynaptic release of dopamine without affecting that of norepinephrine or serotonin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d30c1dec41995946f3fd584dd832be1", "text": "Problem gambling Problem gambling ( or ludomania , but usually referred to as `` gambling addiction '' or `` compulsive gambling '' ) is an urge to gamble continuously despite harmful negative consequences or a desire to stop . Problem gambling is often defined by whether harm is experienced by the gambler or others , rather than by the gambler 's behaviour . Severe problem gambling may be diagnosed as clinical pathological gambling if the gambler meets certain criteria . Pathological gambling is a common disorder that is associated with both social and family costs . The DSM-5 has re-classified the condition as an addictive disorder , with sufferers exhibiting many similarities to those who have substance addictions . The term gambling addiction has long been used in the recovery movement . Pathological gambling was long considered by the American Psychiatric Association to be an impulse control disorder rather than an addiction . However , data suggest a closer relationship between pathological gambling and substance use disorders than exists between PG and obsessive-compulsive disorder , largely because the behaviors in problem gambling and most primary substance use disorders ( i.e. , those not resulting from a desire to `` self-medicate '' for another condition such as depression ) seek to activate the brain 's reward mechanisms while the behaviors characterizing obsessive-compulsive disorder are prompted by overactive and misplaced signals from the brain 's fear mechanisms .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d7661b91b81bc02f83174372e1ca383d", "text": "Adherence management coaching Adherence management coaching ( AdM coaching ) is an evidence-based applied behavioral approach for significantly improving patient adherence and reducing unplanned hospital readmissions . It is based on the research and work of Bob Wright , Aubrey Daniels and BF Skinner . AdM coaches identify patients at high risk for readmission as a direct result of not following their discharge plan . Once identified , AdM Coaches work with these patients ( patient engagement ) to identify consequences ( consequence analysis ) with their plan of care that might result in non-adherence . Together , with their provider , AdM Coaches establish a patient centered adherence improvement plan ( AIP ) . The AIP is used to identify target behaviors , desired results ( clinical outcomes ) and reinforcers that support following their plan of care and developing adherent habits . Following hospital discharge , at-risk patients , and their families , are followed and coached by an AdM Coach for several months as the adherent replacement habits are developed and strengthened . Home and work environments are filled with cues of a lifetime of habits . While meeting with at-risk patients and their families , AdM coaches identify these cues and work with the family to replace them and reinforce healthier habits . All new behaviors , if not reinforced , will return to the life-style habits that contributed to hospitalization in the first place . Adherence management provides a coaching toolkit to be used in conjunction with Teachback , motivational interviewing , pill counting , biochemical measurements , pharmacy data-base of usage and Directly Observed Treatment Short course ( DOTS ) . Worldwide , half of all patients choose to not follow their plan of care . Current programs , like the teach-back method , focus on teaching all patients , just prior to their discharge , the new information they need to follow to once they go home . Motivational Interviewing takes more nurse educator time as together , with the patient , they attempt to identify and overcome areas of ambivalence concerning their disease process and plan of care . Other programs focus on alerting devices and pill-minders to aid patients in remembering to take their medications on time . At best , these `` cues '' or antecedents have had a marginal impact on improving adherence . The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services has extended provider responsibility and accountability well beyond the front doors of clinics and hospitals . CMS , in responding to a hospital question concerning levels of responsibility following discharge , responded writing , `` Post discharge care is a joint responsibility . '' Punitive programs have been established within the Affordable Care Act of 2010 as a `` quality incentive '' to create change . Hospitals with readmitted patients , above an allowable range and within 30 days of discharge , lose a 4 % `` Quality Withhold '' . A significant number of these readmissions , because of a lack of post-discharge transitional care coordination and patient engagement , will be the result of non-adherence to their discharge plan . Punishing hospitals for patient non-adherence may have some effect on hospital behavior , but little or no impact on improving patient adherence .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bacfd2d9b61b084ed650ebf93c5eaf4e", "text": "Delayed- Maturation Theory of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder The Delayed-Maturation Theory of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder suggests that Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ( OCD ) can be caused by delayed maturation of the frontal striatal circuitry or parts of the brain that make up the frontal cortex , striatum , or integrating circuits . Some researchers suspect that variations in the volume of specific brain structures can be observed in children that have OCD ( Lambert , K.G ; Kinsley , C.H. , 2011 ) . It has not been determined if delayed-maturation of this frontal circuitry contributes to the development of OCD or if OCD is the ailment that inhibits normal growth of structures in the frontal striatal , frontal cortex , or striatum . However , the use of neuroimaging has equipped researchers with evidence of some brain structures that are consistently less adequate and less matured in patients diagnosed with OCD in comparison to brains without OCD . More specifically , structures such as the caudate nucleus , volumes of gray matter , white matter , and the cingulate have been identified as being less developed in people with OCD in comparison to individuals that do not have OCD ( Lambert , K.G. ; Kinsley , C.H. ) . However , the cortex volume of the operculum ( brain ) is larger and OCD patients are also reported to have larger temporal lobe volumes ; which has been identified in some women patients with OCD ( Jenike , M. ; Breiter , H. ; at el , 1996 ) . Further research is needed to determine the effect of these structural size differences on the onset and degree of OCD and the maturation of specific brain structures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e7a188945292039999b6cad2e783bd5", "text": "Music-specific disorders Neuroscientists have learned a lot about the role of the brain in numerous cognitive mechanisms by understanding corresponding disorders . Similarly , neuroscientists have come to learn a lot about music cognition by studying music-specific disorders . Even though music is most often viewed from a `` historical perspective rather than a biological one '' music has significantly gained the attention of neuroscientists all around the world . For many centuries music has been strongly associated with art and culture . The reason for this increased interest in music is because it `` provides a tool to study numerous aspects of neuroscience , from motor skill learning to emotion '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "01202c1e78fddeef2da6ae3176f2d841", "text": "Benzodiazepine Benzodiazepines ( BZD , BZs ) , sometimes called `` benzos '' , are a class of psychoactive drugs whose core chemical structure is the fusion of a benzene ring and a diazepine ring . The first such drug , chlordiazepoxide ( Librium ) , was discovered accidentally by Leo Sternbach in 1955 , and made available in 1960 by Hoffmann -- La Roche , which , since 1963 , has also marketed the benzodiazepine diazepam ( Valium ) . In 1977 benzodiazepines were globally the most prescribed medications . Benzodiazepines enhance the effect of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid ( GABA ) at the GABAA receptor , resulting in sedative , hypnotic ( sleep-inducing ) , anxiolytic ( anti-anxiety ) , anticonvulsant , and muscle relaxant properties . High doses of many shorter-acting benzodiazepines may also cause anterograde amnesia and dissociation . These properties make benzodiazepines useful in treating anxiety , insomnia , agitation , seizures , muscle spasms , alcohol withdrawal and as a premedication for medical or dental procedures . Benzodiazepines are categorized as either short - , intermediate - , or long-acting . Short - and intermediate-acting benzodiazepines are preferred for the treatment of insomnia ; longer-acting benzodiazepines are recommended for the treatment of anxiety . Benzodiazepines are generally viewed as safe and effective for short-term use , although cognitive impairment and paradoxical effects such as aggression or behavioral disinhibition occasionally occur . A minority of people can have paradoxical reactions such as worsened agitation or panic . Long-term use is controversial because of concerns about adverse psychological and physical effects , decreasing effectiveness , and physical dependence and withdrawal . As a result of adverse effects associated with the long-term use of benzodiazepines , withdrawal from benzodiazepines , in general , leads to improved physical and mental health . The elderly are at an increased risk of suffering from both short - and long-term adverse effects , and as a result , all benzodiazepines are listed in the Beers List of inappropriate medications for older adults . There is controversy concerning the safety of benzodiazepines in pregnancy . While they are not major teratogens , uncertainty remains as to whether they cause cleft palate in a small number of babies and whether neurobehavioural effects occur as a result of prenatal exposure ; they are known to cause withdrawal symptoms in the newborn . Benzodiazepines can be taken in overdoses and can cause dangerous deep unconsciousness . However , they are less toxic than their predecessors , the barbiturates , and death rarely results when a benzodiazepine is the only drug taken . When combined with other central nervous system ( CNS ) depressants such as alcoholic drinks and opioids , the potential for toxicity and fatal overdose increases . Benzodiazepines are commonly misused and taken in combination with other drugs of abuse .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "401d3bf3e9ef3f7438984297d50d1e1a", "text": "Serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor A serotonin -- norepinephrine -- dopamine reuptake inhibitor ( SNDRI ) , also known as a triple reuptake inhibitor ( TRI ) , is a type of drug that acts as a combined reuptake inhibitor of the monoamine neurotransmitters serotonin , norepinephrine , and dopamine . It does this by concomitantly inhibiting the serotonin transporter ( SERT ) , norepinephrine transporter ( NET ) , and dopamine transporter ( DAT ) , respectively . Inhibition of the reuptake of these neurotransmitters increases their extracellular concentrations and , therefore , results in an increase in serotonergic , adrenergic , and dopaminergic neurotransmission . SNDRIs were developed as potential antidepressants and treatments for other disorders , such as obesity , cocaine addiction , attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) , and chronic pain . They are an extension of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( SSRIs ) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors ( SNRIs ) whereby the addition of dopaminergic action is thought to have the possibility of heightening therapeutic benefit . However , increased side effects and abuse potential are potential concerns of these agents relative to their SSRI and SNRI counterparts . The SNDRIs are similar to non-selective monoamine oxidase inhibitors ( MAOIs ) such as phenelzine and tranylcypromine in that they increase the action of all three of the major monoamine neurotransmitters . They are also very similar to serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine releasing agents ( SNDRAs ) like MDMA ( `` ecstasy '' ) and α-ethyltryptamine ( αET ) for the same reason , although they act via a different mechanism and have differing physiological and qualitative effects . One of the ways in which this is so is that SNDRIs lack the entactogenic , psychedelic , and neurotoxic effects of SNDRAs like MDMA and αET . Cocaine is a naturally occurring SNDRI with a fast onset and short duration ( about two hours ) that is widely encountered as a drug of abuse . Although their primary mechanisms of action are as NMDA receptor antagonists , ketamine and phencyclidine are also SNDRIs and are similarly encountered as drugs of abuse .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1dbd4a6040e00949302aecc363a2866", "text": "Pseudohallucination A pseudohallucination is an involuntary sensory experience vivid enough to be regarded as a hallucination , but recognised by the patient not to be the result of external stimuli . Unlike normal hallucinations , which occurs when one sees , hears , smells , tastes or feels something that is not there , with a compelling feeling or thought that it is real , pseudohallucinations are recognised by the person as unreal . In other words , it is a hallucination that is recognized as a hallucination , as opposed to a `` normal '' hallucination which would be perceived as real . An example used in psychiatry is the hearing of voices which are `` inside the head '' according to the patient ; in contrast , a hallucination would be indistinguishable to the patient from a real external stimulus , e.g. `` people were talking about me '' . The term is not widely used in the psychiatric and medical fields , as it is considered ambiguous ; the term nonpsychotic hallucination is preferred . Pseudohallucinations , then , are more likely to happen with a hallucinogenic drug . But `` the current understanding of pseudohallucinations is mostly based on the work of Karl Jaspers '' . A further distinction is sometimes made between pseudohallucinations and parahallucinations , the latter being a result of damage to the peripheral nervous system . They are considered a feature of conversion disorder , somatization disorder , and dissociative disorders . Also , pseudohallucinations can occur in people with visual/hearing loss , with the typical such type being Charles Bonnet syndrome .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "90f50b143614daddc20e2f9509cc864d", "text": "Propylnorapomorphine N-n-Propylnorapomorphine ( NPA ) is an aporphine derivative dopamine agonist closely related to apomorphine . In rodents it has been shown to produce hyperactivity , stereotypy , hypothermia , antinociception , and penile erection , among other effects . Notably , its effects on locomotion are biphasic , with low doses producing inhibition and catalepsy and high doses resulting in enhancement of activity . This is likely due to preferential activation of D2/D3 autoreceptors versus postsynaptic receptors , the latter of which overcomes the former to increase postsynaptic dopaminergic signaling only with high doses .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "041c366ed14ff3c97614c45e3f7e95fa", "text": "Akathisia Akathisia is a movement disorder characterized by a feeling of inner restlessness and a compelling need to be in constant motion , as well as by actions such as rocking while standing or sitting , lifting the feet as if marching on the spot , and crossing and uncrossing the legs while sitting . People with akathisia are unable to sit or keep still , complain of restlessness , fidget , rock from foot to foot , and pace . Antipsychotics ( also known as neuroleptics ) , particularly the first generation antipsychotics , may cause akathisia . Other known causes include side effects of certain medications , and nearly any physical dependence-inducing drug during drug withdrawal . It is also associated with Parkinson 's disease and related syndromes . The term was coined by the Czech neuropsychiatrist Ladislav Haškovec ( 1866 -- 1944 ) , who described the phenomenon in 1901 . The term is from Greek καθίζειν kathízein -- `` to sit '' , a - indicating negation or absence , lit . `` inability to sit '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ecf848bdca6e54d62faf2c73cdd6648", "text": "Comedown (drugs) Comedown or crashing is the deterioration in mood that happens as a psychoactive drug , typically a stimulant , is either decreasing or is cleared from the blood and thus the cerebral circulation . The improvement and deterioration of mood ( euphoria and dysphoria ) are represented in the cognitive schema #Noun as high and low elevations ; thus , after the drug has elevated the mood ( a state known as a high ) , there follows a period of coming back down , which often has a distinct character from withdrawal in stimulants . Generally , a comedown ( `` down , '' `` low , '' sometimes `` crash '' ) can happen to anyone as a transient symptom , but in people who are dependent on the drug ( especially those addicted to it ) , it is an early symptom of withdrawal and thus can be followed by others . Various drug classes , most especially stimulants and to a lesser degree opioids and sedatives , are subject to comedowns . A milder analogous mood cycle can happen even with blood sugar levels ( thus sugar highs and sugar lows ) , which is especially relevant to people with diabetes mellitus and to parents and teachers managing children 's behavior , as well as in adults with ADHD . Stimulant comedowns are unique in that they often appear very abruptly after a period of focus or high , and are typically the more intensely dysphoric phase of withdrawal than that following complete elimination from the bloodstream . Besides general dysphoria , this phase can be marked by frustration , anger , anhedonia , social withdrawal , and other symptoms characteristic to a milder mixed episode in Bipolar Disorder . Alertness and other general stimulant effects are still present .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8b54cfd6ab69f2fd509a8281ab05254", "text": "Parkinson's disease Parkinson 's disease ( PD ) is a long-term degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that mainly affects the motor system . The symptoms generally come on slowly over time . Early in the disease , the most obvious are shaking , rigidity , slowness of movement , and difficulty with walking . Thinking and behavioral problems may also occur . Dementia becomes common in the advanced stages of the disease . Depression and anxiety are also common occurring in more than a third of people with PD . Other symptoms include sensory , sleep , and emotional problems . The main motor symptoms are collectively called `` parkinsonism '' , or a `` parkinsonian syndrome '' . The cause of Parkinson 's disease is generally unknown , but believed to involve both genetic and environmental factors . Those with a family member affected are more likely to get the disease themselves . There is also an increased risk in people exposed to certain pesticides and among those who have had prior head injuries while there is a reduced risk in tobacco smokers and those who drink coffee or tea . The motor symptoms of the disease result from the death of cells in the substantia nigra , a region of the midbrain . This results in not enough dopamine in these areas . The reason for this cell death is poorly understood , but involves the build-up of proteins into Lewy bodies in the neurons . Diagnosis of typical cases is mainly based on symptoms , with tests such as neuroimaging being used to rule out other diseases . There is no cure for Parkinson 's disease . Initial treatment is typically with the antiparkinson medication L-DOPA ( levodopa ) , with dopamine agonists being used once levodopa becomes less effective . As the disease progresses and neurons continue to be lost , these medications become less effective while at the same time they produce a complication marked by involuntary writhing movements . Diet and some forms of rehabilitation have shown some effectiveness at improving symptoms . Surgery to place microelectrodes for deep brain stimulation has been used to reduce motor symptoms in severe cases where drugs are ineffective . Evidence for treatments for the non-movement-related symptoms of PD , such as sleep disturbances and emotional problems , is less strong . In 2015 , PD affected 6.2 million people and resulted in about 117,400 deaths globally . Parkinson 's disease typically occurs in people over the age of 60 , of which about one percent are affected . Males are more often affected than females . When it is seen in people before the age of 50 , it is called young-onset PD . The average life expectancy following diagnosis is between 7 and 14 years . The disease is named after the English doctor James Parkinson , who published the first detailed description in An Essay on the Shaking Palsy , in 1817 . Public awareness campaigns include World Parkinson 's Day ( on the birthday of James Parkinson , 11 April ) and the use of a red tulip as the symbol of the disease . People with parkinsonism who have increased the public 's awareness of the condition include actor Michael J. Fox , Olympic cyclist Davis Phinney , and late professional boxer Muhammad Ali .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "2e799ef1620ffd7d7b74b474b57517d8", "text": "Cloud Atlas (film) Cloud Atlas is a 2012 German-American science fiction film written and directed by The Wachowskis and Tom Tykwer . Adapted from the 2004 novel of the same name by David Mitchell , the film has multiple plots set across six different eras , which Mitchell described as `` a sort of pointillist mosaic . '' The official synopsis describes it as `` an exploration of how the actions of individual lives impact one another in the past , present and future , as one soul is shaped from a killer into a hero , and an act of kindness ripples across centuries to inspire a revolution . '' Tom Hanks , Halle Berry , and Jim Broadbent lead an ensemble cast . The film was produced by Grant Hill , Stefan Arndt , the Wachowskis , and Tykwer . During four years of development , the project met difficulties securing financial support ; it was eventually produced with a $ 102 million budget provided by independent sources , making it one of the most expensive independent films of all time . Production began in September 2011 at Studio Babelsberg in Potsdam-Babelsberg , Germany . It premiered on 8 September 2012 at the 37th Toronto International Film Festival and was released on 26 October 2012 in conventional and IMAX cinemas . It polarized critics , and has been included on various Best Film and Worst Film lists . It was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score for Tykwer ( who co-scored the film ) , Johnny Klimek , and Reinhold Heil . It received several nominations at the Saturn Awards including Best Science Fiction Film , winning for Best Editing and Best Make-up .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "4b14d0829e6e7f8640dab39155852bf7", "text": "2011 Adelaide Film Festival The 5th Adelaide Film Festival took place in Adelaide , Australia , from 24 February to 6 March 2011 . Katrina Sedgwick was again Festival Director . Julietta Sichel was the head of the jury for the main competition . Judy Davis received the 2011 Don Dunstan Award for her contribution to the Australian film industry on the opening night of the Festival . The glass statuette was presented by Australian filmmaker Fred Schepisi . A special screening of the 2010 Restoration Version of Fritz Lang 's classic sci-fi epic Metropolis was shown with a new score , written by The New Pollutants . This original score was conceived , composed and recorded over a 12-month period , and had its world premiere at the 2005 Adelaide Film Festival . The festival opened with Mrs Carey 's Concert , directed by Bob Connolly and Sophie Raymond , and closed with Mad Bastards , directed by Brendan Fletcher . The film poster for the festival featured a man projecting a film from within himself , illustrating the theme `` See Within . '' The Canadian film Incendies won the International Award for Best Feature Film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a3254b7a33e9525be02f49b3c75d1e6c", "text": "La Piscina La Piscina ( 2012 ) is a Cuban art house film directed by Carlos M. Quintela and produced by Cuban-Canadian filmmaker Sebastian Barriuso . It had its international premier at the International Filmfestspiele Berlin 2013 ( Berlinale ) as part of the Panorama Special section . It was described as `` contemplative and enigmatic '' by Deborah Young of The Hollywood Reporter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "211af9c9280db774eb900442e7bc4c25", "text": "Toronto Film Critics Association Awards 2012 The 16th Toronto Film Critics Association Awards , honoring the best in film for 2012 , were given on December 18 , 2012 . Through a naming rights sponsorship with Rogers the Best Canadian Film Award prize money was raised to C$ 100,000 from $ 15,000 in 2010 and $ 10,000 prior to that , while the two runners-up took $ 5,000 each . It is now the largest film prize in Canada .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a22dca022c313729a71709d413808b00", "text": "Juno Awards of 2014 The Juno Awards of 2014 honoured Canadian music industry achievements in the latter part of 2012 and in most of 2013 . The awards were presented in Winnipeg , Manitoba , Canada during the weekend of 29 -- 30 March 2014 . The main ceremony took place at the MTS Centre and was televised on CTV .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "093b62369c89fc284b202eb8d03de382", "text": "28th TCA Awards The nominees for the 28th TCA Awards were announced by the Television Critics Association on June 6 , 2012 . The winners were announced on July 28 , 2012 at the Beverly Hilton Hotel in a ceremony hosted by Bryan Cranston .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d140bd6d0968d676ed643fcc1c7ba44c", "text": "Augustine (film) Augustine is 2012 French historical drama film about a love affair between French neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot and his patient . The film debuted in France at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival in the Special Screenings section and later played at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival in the Discovery section . It was released in France in November 2012 and in the U.S. in May 2013 , given a limited release by Music Box Films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "adffc41d32670852a55523568c7f5c58", "text": "Cloud Arch Cloud Arch is a public artwork for George Street , Sydney , that is proposed to be installed in 2017 . The sculpture will be a ribbon of twisted white stainless steel , representing the shape of a cloud , standing 50 to tall . It is intended to `` frame '' the Sydney Town Hall , and be visible from all approach directions as part of the pedestrianisation of the street . A light rail line running up George Street is under construction and would run through the arch . The feet of Cloud Arch will be placed on diagonally opposite corners of one of Sydney 's busiest intersections , George and Park Street ; the sculpture will stand among the Town Hall , the Queen Victoria Building , and The Galeries Victoria . The sculpture was announced on 29 July 2014 as part of a $ 9 million package of public artworks for Sydney . Cloud Arch is designed by Junya Ishigami , and is expected to cost $ 3.5 million . Announced at the same time were Pavilion by Hany Armanious , a 13 m milk crate to be placed in Belmore Park , and The Distance of Your Heart by Tracey Emin , to consist of 60 bronze bird sculptures perched on poles and above doorways in the northern end of the central business district . Development applications for the sculptures are expected to be lodged by the end of 2015 . If approved , construction will begin on the Armanious and Emin sculptures in October 2016 and on Cloud Arch in 2017 . Immediate reactions the announcement of the sculpture were broadly supportive , with positive responses from professional critics . Popular reaction was dominated by comparisons of Cloud Arch to everyday objects , and whimsical nicknames for the work , such as `` space noodle '' . The four other artists shortlisted for the George Street sculpture were New Zealander Bill Culbert , Song Dong of China , Australian Mikala Dwyer , and Ugo Rondinone of Switzerland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f63c8bb04022074b6c7fd1073faff0c8", "text": "Vanishing Waves Vanishing Waves ( originally titled Aurora ) is a 2012 film directed by Kristina Buožytė .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07a56939b102e84ea78f17c082e5dd66", "text": "70th Venice International Film Festival The 70th annual Venice International Film Festival took place in Venice , Italy from 28 August to 7 September 2013 . American film director William Friedkin was presented with a lifetime achievement award . Italian film director Bernardo Bertolucci was the President of the Jury . He was previously the President of the Jury at the 40th edition in 1983 . Gravity , directed by Alfonso Cuarón , was the opening film of the festival . Italian actress Eva Riccobono hosted the opening and closing nights of the festival . The Golden Lion was awarded to the Italian documentary film Sacro GRA . It was the first documentary film to win the award at the Venice Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d14a6b36779e34ae62f07eda693da119", "text": "27th Golden Rooster Awards The 27th Golden Rooster Awards was an award ceremony honoring the best Chinese language films of 2008-2009 . The award ceremony was held in Jiangxi , Nanjing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f4ebb43d594465db79d27de8c46bbfaf", "text": "One Night (2012 film) One Night ( 38 témoins ) , also known as 38 Witnesses , is a 2012 Belgian-French drama film directed by Lucas Belvaux . It was written by Belvaux based on Didier Decoin 's novel Est-ce ainsi que les femmes meurent ? . It premiered on 30 January 2012 , at the International Film Festival Rotterdam . The film was nominated for seven Magritte Awards , winning Best Screenplay .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "67ecf32c7f36bd6bf4b6dbb6e3e56ba0", "text": "An Oversimplification of Her Beauty An Oversimplification of Her Beauty is a 2012 American semi-animated comedy-drama-romance film , directed by Terence Nance , following a quixotic artist who , when stood up by an attractive woman , makes a film about it and shows it to her . It premiered at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival and has received generally positive reviews from critics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21d6bdd9671fd4a444e8c371189bd14a", "text": "Beyond This Place (2010 film) Beyond This Place ( 2010 ) is a documentary film directed by Kaleo La Belle , screened at a number of film festivals . In it , La Belle reunites with his biological father Cloud Rock La Belle , a charismatic figure who was largely absent from his life . The film deals , in a personal and intimate way , with issues of parenting , issues of freedom versus responsibility , and with the aging of the 60 's generation . The film won an award for Best Documentary over 60 minutes at the 2010 Krakow Film Festival and the `` Prix création '' award at the 2010 Visions du Réel film festival . The score of the film was written by Sufjan Stevens and Raymond Raposa . The film was screened with a live musical performance by the two musicians in the fall of 2011 , including at the Castro Theater in San Francisco .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f47b3607e3f408b235e2e2f1da965990", "text": "2005 Toronto International Film Festival The 30th Toronto International Film Festival ran from September 8 -- 17 and screened 335 films from 52 countries - 109 of these films were world premieres , and 78 were North American premieres .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8739bc6fa3f1c5eacf7466d71cfc90ad", "text": "2013 Shanghai International Film Festival The 2013 Shanghai International Film Festival was the 16th such festival devoted to international cinema held in Shanghai , China .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8fefdfbe184d8640dd5fa6b60d73c2f7", "text": "This Is the End This Is the End is a 2013 American disaster comedy film directed by Seth Rogen and Evan Goldberg and stars Rogen , James Franco , Jonah Hill , Jay Baruchel , Danny McBride , Craig Robinson , Michael Cera and Emma Watson . The story features real life actors playing fictionalized versions of themselves in the aftermath of a global biblical apocalypse . The film premiered at the Fox Village Theater on June 3 , 2013 and was released in the United States on June 14 , 2013 by Columbia Pictures , before being re-released on September 6 , 2013 . The film grossed $ 126 million on a $ 32 million budget . The film makes references to the past movies of the cast , including Spider-Man , Million Dollar Baby , Forrest Gump , Superbad , Pineapple Express , Moneyball , Your Highness , The Green Hornet , 127 Hours and the Harry Potter film series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "79a998a5373983e8e36f5341791fac6b", "text": "1993 Toronto International Film Festival The 18th Toronto International Film Festival ( TIFF ) took place in Toronto , Ontario , Canada between September 9 and September 18 , 1993 . M. Butterfly by David Cronenberg was selected as the opening film . Forest Whitaker won FIPRESCI International Critics ' Award for Strapped .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54fa26d74b9e69089ad8f2b7a51d2534", "text": "Echo Planet Echo Planet is a 2012 Thai 3D animation film distributed by Kantana Group directed by Kompin Keamkumned . It is the story of the adventures of three young men from two of the world 's metropolis , New State Trinity Capital and Karen village in Northern Thailand . To help save the world from disaster recovery due to global warming .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c338def4e7cdfed43d63cbfbc1a34a9", "text": "7 Boxes 7 Boxes ( released in Spanish as 7 Cajas ) is a Paraguayan thriller film directed by Juan Carlos Maneglia and Tana Schémbori . Initially the film was to be released in June 2011 , but was delayed when the film was accepted as a competitor in the International Film Festival of San Sebastian in Spain . After months of work , the film was finally released on August 10 , 2012 , and received praise from critics and the public as well as breaking box office records in Paraguayan cinemas . 7 Boxes won the `` Films in Progress '' in what was the first unanimous decision in the festival 's history . The film participated at the Moscow International Film Festival in 2013 ( translators : Andrey Efremov , Anton Titov ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "20afcfb3996423f7753723f5f5f2471b", "text": "2009 Toronto International Film Festival The 34th annual Toronto International Film Festival ( TIFF ) was held in Toronto , Ontario , Canada between September 10 and September 19 , 2009 . The opening night gala presented the Charles Darwin biography Creation . The Young Victoria , based on the early years of Queen Victoria , closed the festival on September 19 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "bfda64ceebf67ae6e0927ddae5bcb734", "text": "Halle Berry Halle Maria Berry ( born Maria Halle Berry ; August 14 , 1966 ) is an American actress . She won the 2002 Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in the romantic drama Monster 's Ball ( 2001 ) . As of 2017 , she is the only black woman to have won a Best Actress Academy Award . Berry was one of the highest paid actresses in Hollywood during the 2000s and has been involved in the production of several of the films in which she performed . She is also a Revlon spokesmodel . Before becoming an actress , she started modeling and entered several beauty contests , finishing as the 1st runner-up in the Miss USA Pageant and coming in 6th place in the Miss World Pageant in 1986 . Her breakthrough film role was in the romantic comedy Boomerang ( 1992 ) , alongside Eddie Murphy , which led to roles in films such as the comedy The Flintstones ( 1994 ) , the political comedy-drama Bulworth ( 1998 ) and the television film Introducing Dorothy Dandridge ( 1999 ) , for which she won the Emmy Award and Golden Globe Award for Best Actress , among many other awards . In addition to her Academy Award win , Berry garnered high-profile roles in the 2000s such as Storm in the X-Men film series ( beginning in 2000 ) , the action crime thriller Swordfish ( 2001 ) , and the spy film Die Another Day ( 2002 ) , where she played Bond Girl Jinx . She then appeared in the X-Men sequels , X2 ( 2003 ) and X-Men : The Last Stand ( 2006 ) . In the 2010s , she appeared in movies such as the science fiction film Cloud Atlas ( 2012 ) , the crime thriller The Call ( 2013 ) and X-Men : Days of Future Past ( 2014 ) . Berry was formerly married to baseball player David Justice , and singer-songwriter Eric Benét . She has a daughter by model Gabriel Aubry , and a son by actor Olivier Martinez .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "973b3947e77a5cc87feeea79e2641c0f", "text": "Hallerin Hilton Hill Hallerin Hilton Hill ( born 1964 ) is an American talk radio host on Newstalk 98.7 WOKI Knoxville , Tennessee , and television talk show host of Anything is Possible on WBIR-TV in Knoxville . For two years ( 2003-2005 ) he hosted a separate talk radio show on Nashville 's WGFX . Hill also works as singer/songwriter , author , motivational speaker , and trainer . He wrote `` Who Would Imagine a King '' along with Mervyn Warren which was recorded by Whitney Houston for the film The Preacher 's Wife , and was included on the film 's Grammy-nominated soundtrack . Hill earned his bachelor 's degree in communications at Oakwood University in Huntsville , Alabama . He resides in Knoxville , Tennessee with his wife and children .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c04391c036bb3438e57a581974ec2334", "text": "Virginia strawberry The Virginia strawberry , wild strawberry , or common strawberry ( Fragaria virginiana ) is one of two species of strawberry that were hybridized to create the modern domesticated garden strawberry . Its natural range is confined to North America , in the United States ( including Alaska ) and Canada , although a popular variety called `` Little Scarlet '' is grown only in Great Britain , having been imported from the United States in the early 1900s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4699dbf46a74e826316ab4dca9c73d12", "text": "Wendell Berry Wendell Erdman Berry ( born August 5 , 1934 ) is an American novelist , poet , environmental activist , cultural critic , and farmer . A prolific author , he has written many novels , short stories , poems , and essays . He is an elected member of the Fellowship of Southern Writers , a recipient of The National Humanities Medal , and the Jefferson Lecturer for 2012 . He is also a 2013 Fellow of The American Academy of Arts and Sciences . Berry was named the recipient of the 2013 Richard C. Holbrooke Distinguished Achievement Award . On January 28 , 2015 , he became the first living writer to be inducted into the Kentucky Writers Hall of Fame .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a4c5695c7429e9f2b1e42ed22d53383", "text": "Sugar Symphony Sugar Symphony is the debut extended play ( EP ) by American recording duo Chloe x Halle . It was released under Parkwood Entertainment , under exclusive license to Columbia Records , on April 29 , 2016 . The EP was their first official release since being signed by Beyoncé . The EP features their debut single , `` Drop '' . The music video for the single was directed by Andrew Hines , and currently has over two million views on YouTube . In March 2016 , Michelle Obama introduced Chloe and Halle at the White House Easter Egg Roll , where they performed `` Fall '' from the EP , alongside Michelle Obama 's `` This Is For My Girls '' and an unreleased track , `` Baby Bird '' . In June , they performed `` Drop '' at the YouTube Music Foundry in New York City , and later in the month at the BET Awards 2016 in Los Angeles . In July , they performed songs from the EP as a support act for the European leg of Beyoncé 's The Formation World Tour .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af355c92e79ab19aa94e7b0a7d69a13e", "text": "Morris Halle Morris Halle ( -LSB- ˈhæli -RSB- Moriss Pinkovics born Morris Pinkowitz ; July 23 , 1923 ) , is a Latvian-American linguist and an Institute Professor and professor emeritus of linguistics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology . He is best known for his pioneering work in generative phonology , having written `` On Accent and Juncture in English '' in 1956 with Noam Chomsky and Fred Lukoff and The Sound Pattern of English in 1968 with Chomsky . He also co-authored ( with Samuel Jay Keyser ) the earliest theory of generative metrics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "147d1863f96c3daec3754e431c7d5ac2", "text": "Rachel Berry (legislator) Rachel Emma Berry ( née Allen ) ( March 11 , 1859 -- November 25 , 1948 ) was an American suffragist and politician who in 1914 was elected to a seat in the Arizona House of Representatives to represent Apache County , Arizona .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b0ed25a1a3c5407a174876a8d01244e", "text": "Chuck Berry Is on Top Chuck Berry Is on Top is the third studio album by rock and roll pioneer Chuck Berry , released in July 1959 on Chess Records , catalogue LP 1435 . With the exception of one track , `` Blues for Hawaiians , '' all selections had been previously released on 45 rpm singles . In his review of the album for Allmusic , Cub Koda described it as `` almost a mini-greatest-hits package in and of itself '' and the most perfectly realized collection of Berry 's career .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c95412b95a9ac3e4990cd5a3ec8d8644", "text": "Breakfast in America (song) `` Breakfast in America '' is the title track from Supertramp 's 1979 album of the same name . It was a minor hit on the singles charts in the US but was a Top 10 hit in the UK . The song was written by Roger Hodgson before Supertramp were formed , during his late teens , but is jointly credited to him and his bandmate/songwriting partner Rick Davies . Davies wanted Hodgson to re-write the by-then over a decade old lyrics , but Hodgson refused , feeling that they were too intrinsic to the song and captured the innocence of his adolescence . The lyrics tell about a person who has never been to America and fantasizes about it . After Supertramp started performing the song during a `` reunion '' tour without Hodgson , Hodgson pointedly told reporters that Davies initially `` hated '' the song and that he believed Davies did not play on the recording at all . However , in other interviews , Hodgson has credited Davies with creating the vocalized retort line , `` What 's she got ? Not a lot . '' The 2005 song `` Cupid 's Chokehold '' by Gym Class Heroes heavily utilizes the melody of `` Breakfast in America '' and features Fall Out Boy singer Patrick Stump performing the opening lines of the song as a refrain . The song was also sampled in Drake 's `` Stunt Hard '' and James Blunt performed a live version of the song which featured on the deluxe edition of his second album All The Lost Souls .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "413acf11db41a24cc1408a1fcef9933c", "text": "Antoine Halley Antoine Halley ( 1593 -- 3 June 1675 ) was a French professor and poet . Halley was born at Bazenville near Bayeux . A professor of belles-lettres and Principal of the Collège du Bois , at the University of Caen , he succeeded Antoine Gosselin and distinguished himself from the age of twenty-two , by his eloquence and the brilliance of his teaching . He taught Latin poetry at the University of Caen , for nearly forty years . He cultivated Latin and French poetry and won the prize of the Immaculate Conception time and again so that the Académie des Sciences , Arts et Belles-Lettres de Caen pleaded with him to quit competing . Halley had ties with Charles de la Rue and Huet , the bishop of Avranches . The latter urged him to publish his poems . Huet , in his Origines de Caen , hailed him as mentor : `` I am obliged to give this testimony of gratitude to Mr. Halley . I deem it one of the greatest joys of my life to have been his disciple at his home for five years . He trained my mind , he refined my taste , he gave me an understanding of good authors . He taught me an infinite number of rare and curious things . '' Halley , in the meantime , professed no less esteem for his former student , sending him a poem a propos his book De Interpretatione . He also published a Traité sur la grammaire latine , at Caen in 1652 . His collection of Poems is dedicated to the Duke of Montausier , the tutor of the dauphin and governor of Normandy . Cadomus , a play in which he paid tribute to all the literary celebrities born in his city , from Nicole Oresme , tutor of Charles V , to Pierre Patrix , the favorite poet of Gaston d'Orleans , is amongst his best . When the chancellor Pierre Séguier , who had subdued the Harelle revolt of 1640 with undue harshness , made his way to Caen , Halley sent him far too flattering a couplet for the occasion . In 1642 , he thanked him for having increased the privileges of the Académie de Caen , founded by Moisant de Brieux . He addressed the Dauphin a long letter in Latin verse reminding him about the origins of the kings of France and celebrating the Trojan kings Dardanus , Erichthonius , Tros , Ilus , Laomedon and Priam , the supposed ancestors of Louis XIV . A few letters written at Lisieux by Jean-Pierre Camus , the bishop of Belley have been found in his works . One of them is dated thus : `` At Lisieux , on November 22nd , the day of St. Cecilia , patron saint of music , sister of poetry . When the Duchesse de Longueville came to Caen in 1648 , Halley was commissioned to compose the verses that decorated the tables placed at city 's expense on the way of the Duchess and her two children . In 1649 , during the famous Jobelins and Uranists Quarrel , Aubert , the princess ' chaplain , sent him the Voiture and Benserade 's sonnets , to get his opinion , as the French Academy had refused to get involved . That grave matter had been evoked before the very king , queen and princes , who were not able to settle it . It was then agreed that it was necessary to submit it to Halley whose decision would be final . The latter found in favor of Voiture against Benserade , i.e. in favor of the Duchesse de Longueville . Pierre Bayle has proclaimed Halley to be `` one of the greatest poets of his century '' ; even if his French poetry is weak , his Latin rhymes lack neither ease nor elegance . La Rue , Huet , Gilles Ménage , Lesueur de Pétiville , Pierre Cailly , and Michel Gonfrey have composed Latin verses in his honor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9adf45a27248f80bcaf304823e991f48", "text": "Hail! Hail! Rock 'n' Roll (album) Hail ! Hail ! Rock 'n' Roll is an album by Chuck Berry and soundtrack to the film of the same name , which was released in 1987 under record label , MCA . The album was recorded live at The Fox Theatre , St Louis , Missouri and Berry Park , Wentzville , Missouri on October 6 and October 16 , 1986 . The event was held to celebrate Berry 's 60th birthday and it included several special guests . The album does not include the Berry song `` School Days , '' which includes the line the album 's title is derived from ( although the song does appear in the film ) . The release of this album on MCA was something of a homecoming for Berry , who from 1954 to 1966 and again from 1970 to 1975 recorded for Chess Records which , by 1986 , was now part of MCA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a11c2161c1cb3864cf70fd98aebe2d1", "text": "Fruit Roll-Ups Fruit Roll-Ups is a brand of fruit snack that debuted in grocery stores across the United States in 1983 . The snack is a flat , pectin-based fruit-flavored snack , wrapped around a piece of cellophane for easier removal . Fruit Roll-Ups are manufactured by General Mills and distributed under the Betty Crocker brand in the United States and the Uncle Tobys brand in Australia . Several similar products have been marketed by General Mills and by other companies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "90935efbe9a58b04019c05ce636b6180", "text": "UniteWomen.org UniteWomen.org is a national non-partisan 501 ( c ) 3 tax exempt non-profit organization with a mission of ending inequality for women that stems from prejudice and discrimination and to defend and advance the human and civil rights of women and girls . The organization was formed in Michigan in February 2012 . It developed in response to the War on Women , a series of legislative actions in the United States which negatively affect women . The group has organized several marches , including a march in Jackson , Mississippi , to oppose `` 32 bills introduced this session restricting women 's access to health care '' and a nationwide march on April 28 , 2012 that took place in major cities across the United States . The group has been endorsed by American Association of University Women , National Latina Institute for Reproductive Health , the The Coalition of Labor Union Women and The Coffee Party USA . The march in April 2012 was promoted by Barbara Hannah Grufferman Karen Teegarden , President of UniteWomen.org , appeared on The Authentic Woman , along with National Organization for Women President , Terry O'Neill . The two women 's rights leaders were interviewed by radio host , Shannon Fisher , about The State of Women 's Rights in America . The organization was a partner in the Suffrage Centennial Celebration in 2013 , which was a week of events in Washington leading up to a reenactment of the Woman Suffrage Parade of 1913 Other partners in the Suffrage Centennial Celebration were the National Women 's History Museum , Sewall-Belmont House & Museum , the Smithsonian 's National Museum of American History , the Newseum , American Association of University Women , Daughters of the American Revolution , Delta Sigma Theta , the National Archives , the Turning Point Suffragist Memorial , the National Press Club , and The George Washington University Lisner Auditorium . UniteWomen.org 's `` Unite Against Rape '' campaign raised public awareness of the issues of rape , human trafficking and violence against women . An array of legislators , journalists and celebrities participated in the campaign , including U.S. Senators Mark Warner and Tim Kaine ; comedians Roseanne Barr , Margaret Cho , Annabelle Gurwitch and Lois Bromfield ; social justice advocate Sandra Fluke ; Philadelphia Eagles defensive tackle , Ronnie Cameron , musician Courtney Love ; social and political commentators Meghan McCain , Alexandria Goddard ( the Steubenville blogger ) , Leslie Salzillo , Kimberley A. Johnson and Tanya Tatum ; XoJane writers and editors Jane Pratt , Mandy Stadtmiller , Alison Freer , Marci Robin and Julia Allison ; actors Yuri Lowenthal , Pia Glenn and Sharon Gardner ; celebrity artist Tormented Sugar ; writers Herman Williams , III , Pat Bertram , Michele Rolle and Toni Morrison ; executive director of the Military Rape Crisis Center , Panayiota Bertzikis ; and celebrity relationship experts Dr. Gilda Carle and Dr. Sheri Meyers . The campaign was co-founded by UniteWomen.org executive committee members Renee Davis , Karen Teegarden , Shannon Fisher and Sarah Warfield Chamberlin . The team also partnered with Rape , Abuse & Incest National Network for a national RAINN Day campaign to raise awareness of sexual assault on college campuses .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc9f7b0c33590da12340ba0b7ece14b1", "text": "Amanda Berry Amanda Berry may refer to : Amanda Berry ( born 1986 ) , Cleveland kidnapping survivor Amanda Sonia Berry ( born 1961 ) , Chief Executive of the British Academy of Film and Television Arts ( BAFTA ) Amanda Berry Smith ( 1837 -- 1915 ) , American religious leader and former slave", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a2843ec121b050dd26eb97644063a44", "text": "Hallelujah! (TV series) Hallelujah ! was a British sitcom made by Yorkshire Television for the ITV network and was broadcast from 29 April 1983 to 21 December 1984 . The series was set in a Salvation Army citadel in the fictional Yorkshire town of Brigthorpe during series 1 ( and later in the fictional place of Blackwick in series 2 ) . Captain Emily Ridley ( Thora Hird ) has been posted there , having been an active member of the Salvation Army for 42 years . Despite the town and residents being seemingly pleasant , Emily is determined to flush out sin from behind the net curtains . Assisting Emily are her niece Alice Meredith ( Patsy Rowlands ) . The programme was a repeat collaboration between Hird and the creator Dick Sharples , having worked together on the comedy series In Loving Memory between 1979 and 1986 . The series also featured guest appearances from the likes of Hird 's Last of the Summer Wine co-star Michael Aldridge and television presenter Richard Whiteley .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f1772c8df3d8d451c908eade21d84cf", "text": "Christmasberry Christmasberry ( Christmas berry , Christmas-berry ) can refer to any one of several shrubs or small trees , as well as their colorful fruit : Ardisia crenata , native to Asia and Australia Crossopetalum ilicifolium Lycium carolinianum ( Carolina Desert-thorn , family Solanaceae ) , a boxthorn native to subtropical North America Heteromeles arbutifolia ( Toyon or California Holly , family Rosaceae ) , native to southern California and northern Mexico Passerina ericoides , a South African shrub Photinia villosa Ruscus aculeatus cultivar ` Christmas Berry ' Schinus terebinthifolius ( Brazilian Pepper , family Anacardiaceae ) , native to South America but introduced and invasive in many tropical and subtropical areas", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cf3767c42fefd9f1d1e0553648f525ca", "text": "Americana Americana are artifacts , or a collection of artifacts , related to the history , geography , folklore and cultural heritage of the United States . Many kinds of material fall within the definition of Americana : paintings , prints and drawings ; license plates or entire vehicles , household objects , tools and weapons ; flags , plaques and statues , and so on . Patriotism and nostalgia play defining roles in the subject . The things involved need not be old , but need to have the appropriate associations . The Atlantic described the term as `` slang for the comforting , middle-class ephemera at your average antique store -- things like needle-pointed pillows , Civil War daguerreotypes , and engraved silverware sets . '' The term may be used to describe the theme of a museum or collection , or of goods for sale . The term can also be used to describe studies of American culture , especially studies based in other countries . Americana music is contemporary music that incorporates elements of various American roots music styles , including country , roots-rock , folk , bluegrass and blues , resulting in a distinctive roots-oriented sound .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d49a9a128c1c9aa38f36c1129c4a6dc", "text": "Omija-hwachae Omija hwachae ( 오미자 화채 `` magnolia berry punch '' ) is a hwachae ( traditional Korean punch ) made of omija ( magnolia berries ) . It is usually served during the hot summer days as energy replenishment and for quenching thirst . Koreans made use of the herbs as remedy ingredients as well as traditional drinks . The plants , especially the fruits , have bright red colors , sticky , and also various tastes including sweet , sour , bitter and spicy resulted from its malic acid and tartaric acid . To make omija hwachae , the fruits are dried and soaked in the water and then sieved . The sieved water then is added with sugar or honey . The punch is garnished with azalea petals if served during the spring ; and if served with yellow rose petals , during summer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "100025cafaa248e0c4e499872b1b067a", "text": "Very Berry (EP) Very Berry is the first mini-album by South Korean girl group Berry Good . The album contains seven tracks and is led by title track `` Angel '' . It was released on April 20 , 2016 , as result of the crowdfunding campaign launched on March 11 on Makestar . The goal was reached in ten days .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d149b341360366e6950d67c95fc5c2fa", "text": "Régiment de Berry The Régiment de Berry was a French Army regiment active in the 18th century . It is principally known for its role in the Seven Years ' War , when it served in the North American theatre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e11709661f2df1bf0ebe667c37c8f597", "text": "Lynne Berry Lynne Berry ( born 1972 ) is an American writer of children 's books , including the picture books Duck Skates from the Duck series , The Curious Demise of a Contrary Cat , and What Floats in a Moat .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "4906a3bc47ba8335a971e2ea2d714a80", "text": "Despicable Me 3 Despicable Me 3 is an upcoming American 3D computer-animated comedy film that is being produced by Illumination Entertainment and released by Universal Pictures . It will be the third installment in the Despicable Me film series , and the sequel to Despicable Me 2 ( 2013 ) . Directed by Pierre Coffin and Kyle Balda , and co-directed by Eric Guillon , the film is written by Cinco Paul and Ken Daurio . It stars the voices of Steve Carell in a dual role , Kristen Wiig , and Trey Parker . It will premiere on June 14 , 2017 , at the Annecy International Animated Film Festival , and is scheduled to be released in the United States on June 30 , 2017 by Universal Pictures .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "54d6b22c96590a434f65fa71434d1170", "text": "Steve Schofield Steve Schofield is a British photographer . He is primarily known for his portraits , especially his narrative portrait style of photography . Some of his photographs of actors , musicians , and writers are included in the London National Portrait Gallery 's permanent collection , whilst his body of work titled `` Land of The Free '' and several other exhibits have been shown in galleries and art festivals throughout Europe . In 2007 , The Times listed Schofield as one of five young artists to watch . He was selected for the group show `` Fresh Faced and Wide Eyed '' at The Photographers ' Gallery in London in 2008 . In 2012 , he was commissioned by The Photographers ' Gallery to produce a piece of work in honor of London 's hosting of the 2012 Olympics . Robert Clark , art critic at The Guardian , said in a review of the exhibition `` Hotel '' that Schofield `` is one of the most promising young photo artists around . He has an unusual eye for the telling pose , the dramas enticingly hidden by a shadow , the social psychology that is hinted at by compositional tension . '' Schofield 's subjects , covering a range of actors , musicians , artists , and other public figures , have included Adam Driver for Vogue magazine , Alec Baldwin for the cover of New York magazine , Ozzy Osbourne for The Times , Nick Cave for the cover of Rolling Stone , and the cast of Orange Is the New Black for the magazine of the Emmy Awards . The result was the magazine 's first tri-fold cover . Schofield studied at the University of Derby and London College of Communication ( formerly the London College of Printing ) . He is based in the United States and Europe , and he speaks at colleges and universities about his work .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1307dfb0753c083c8e2a7441f2bffad6", "text": "An Eye for an Eye (1981 film) An Eye for an Eye is a 1981 American action film directed by Steve Carver , and starring Chuck Norris , Christopher Lee , Richard Roundtree , Matt Clark , Mako Iwamatsu , and Maggie Cooper .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c87e17d97b21620c16a8a0bbcf5f3eaa", "text": "Papillon (film) Papillon is a 1973 American crime drama prison film directed by Franklin J. Schaffner , based on the best-selling autobiography by the French convict Henri Charrière . The film stars Steve McQueen as Henri Charrière ( `` Papillon '' ) , and Dustin Hoffman as Louis Dega . Because it was filmed at remote locations , the film was quite expensive for the time ( $ 12 million ) , but it readily earned more than twice that in the first year of public distribution . The film 's title is French for `` Butterfly , '' referring to Charrière 's tattoo and nickname .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c9c9f93b8635c8af42e45e32a519805", "text": "Episode 3 (Twin Peaks) `` Episode 3 '' , later also known as `` Rest in Pain '' , is the fourth episode of the first season of the American mystery television series Twin Peaks . The episode was written by Harley Peyton , and directed by Tina Rathborne . `` Episode 3 '' features series regulars Kyle MacLachlan , Michael Ontkean and Ray Wise , and introduces Sheryl Lee 's second role , Maddy Ferguson . Rathborne has highlighted the episode 's introduction of Jungian analytical psychology to the series . She also described MacLachlan 's character Dale Cooper as not only a wholesome , grounded anchor against which the series ' more bizarre elements could be contrasted ; but as the central component of the series ' coming-of-age `` Bildungsroman '' narrative . `` Episode 3 '' was first broadcast on April 26 , 1990 , and was viewed by approximately 18 percent of the available audience in its initial airing . The episode received positive reviews from critics , with its mix of comedy and tragedy seen as a highlight , and Miguel Ferrer 's character Albert Rosenfield singled out as a particularly successful example of this . The episode also drew praise from The New York Times for its compelling and unusual cast of characters .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e11a1122bfc2d951cb5556b61abafcbf", "text": "The Skulls III The Skulls III is an 2004 thriller film , directed by J. Miles Dale and stars Clare Kramer , Bryce Johnson , Steve Braun , and Barry Bostwick . The film is a sequel to the 2002 film , The Skulls II and the third and final installment of The Skulls film series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d1bb67c1b7822366223f2c4d5538f21c", "text": "Carella Carella may refer to : C.J. Carella , RPG maker and novelist Emmanuel Carella , an Australian singer Steve Carella , Detective in the American television show 87th Precinct Enzo Carella , Italian singer", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa32d758b49ecafd2c2564d35d5020c7", "text": "I Can Make You Love Me I Can Make You Love Me , also known as Stalking Laura , is an American made-for-television film starring Richard Thomas and Brooke Shields . The film is based on the real-life story of American mass murderer Richard Farley , a former employee of ESL Incorporated whose romantic obsession and subsequent stalking of co-worker Laura Black culminated in the mass murder of several co-workers at ESL 's headquarters in California , resulting in the first anti-stalking laws to be enacted in the United States . The first half of the film covers the events of the stalking and Black 's unrequited love that led to the shootings , while the second half deals with Farley 's rampage on the ESL offices . For the purposes of the film and the victims of the incident , the fictional computer company Kensitron Electronics International ( K.E.I. ) was used to portray the events at ESL Incorporated .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5167b7b196aec26ed764870a9e101381", "text": "Knat Scatt Private Eye Knat Scatt Private Eye is a two-act , 1930s-style film noir musical , which played for an extended run at The Theater Building in Chicago in 1986 , featuring a young Steve Carell . It was based on a one-act musical with the same title which was originally produced earlier that year by Players Workshop for The Children 's Theater of The Second City , and performed on The Second City stage in Chicago . Both versions of Knat Scatt Private Eye were written and directed by Eric Forsberg with music and lyrics by Charlie Silliman .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1a6718025ad55ffc029fb444a7c55b4", "text": "Steve Guttenberg Steven Robert `` Steve '' Guttenberg ( born August 24 , 1958 ) is an American actor , author , businessman , producer , and director . He starred in 1984 's Police Academy , and went on to perform in lead roles in Hollywood films of the 1980s , including Cocoon , Three Men and a Baby , and Short Circuit .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e69ce6509cae853faa528f84c5a30a08", "text": "Steven Spielberg's Director's Chair Steven Spielberg 's Director 's Chair is a simulation game created and published by Knowledge Adventure for Windows and Macintosh . It was released in 1996 in the United States of America . In the game , the player is guided by film director Steven Spielberg ( appearing as himself ) through the comprehensive process of moviemaking , including scriptwriting , filming , and editing , using pre-generated film clips featuring Jennifer Aniston , Quentin Tarantino , Katherine Helmond , and Penn & Teller , among others . The game features advice from Hollywood professionals such as editor Michael Kahn , special effects supervisor Michael Lantieri , and cinematographer Dean Cundey . The game was produced by Roger Holzberg , who directed Spielberg in scenes in which Spielberg himself appeared .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fcc258d0d4f36e716841a2daa6f30302", "text": "Devil's Knot (film) Devil 's Knot is a 2013 American biographical crime film directed by Atom Egoyan . The film is based on a true story as told in Mara Leveritt 's 2002 book of the same name , concerning three teenagers known as the West Memphis Three , who were convicted of killing three young boys during the Satanic ritual abuse panic . They were subsequently sentenced to death ( Echols ) and life imprisonment ( Baldwin and Misskelley ) . Produced by Elizabeth Fowler , Richard Saperstein , Clark Peterson , Christopher Woodrow , and Paul Harris Boardman , the film stars Colin Firth , Reese Witherspoon , Mireille Enos , Dane DeHaan , Kevin Durand , Bruce Greenwood , Stephen Moyer , Elias Koteas , Amy Ryan , and Alessandro Nivola . The film premiered at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival on September 8 , 2013 , followed by a wider release later that year . The film had a limited release in Canadian theaters on January 24 , 2014 , and was released in U.S. theaters and video on demand services on May 9 , 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "27f3b5d7cf4da5576ce022526e84afc1", "text": "Steven Hyde Steven J. Hyde III , known simply as Hyde by his friends , is a fictional character from the Fox sitcom That '70s Show , portrayed by Danny Masterson . He is Eric Forman 's ( Topher Grace ) best friend and by the end of season one , his de facto adopted brother .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c0e4812a7ce10d2cf8beca649ea1d36", "text": "Lee Majors Lee Majors ( born Harvey Lee Yeary ; April 23 , 1939 ) is an American film , television and voice actor . Majors is best known for portraying the roles of Heath Barkley in the American television Western series The Big Valley ( 1965 -- 1969 ) , Colonel Steve Austin in the American television science fiction action series The Six Million Dollar Man ( 1973 -- 1978 ) , and Colt Seavers in American television action series The Fall Guy ( 1981 -- 1986 ) . In the television series The Six Million Dollar Man , Steve Austin takes on special high-risk government missions using his superhuman bionic powers . The television character Steve Austin became a pop culture icon of the 1970s . Majors reprised the role of Colonel Steve Austin in several bionic reunion television movies in the late 1980s and 1990s . He appeared in a number of supporting , recurring and cameo roles in feature films and television series , and lent his voice to a number of animated TV series and video games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bbaa10f8d636fc5e6bef0152b9d8660a", "text": "Priceless (2016 film) Priceless ( known also as Priceless : She 's Worth Fighting For ) is a 2016 American romantic drama film about human trafficking , inspired by true events . It is directed by Ben Smallbone and produced by Steve Barnett with a screenplay by Chris Dowling and Tyler Poelle . Starring singer Joel Smallbone , Bianca Santos , Amber Midthunder , Jim Parrack , and David Koechner , it tells the story of a man who has his life changed when meets two girls , which falls in love with one and starts to protect them from evil forces in the country with bad purposes . The film is being distributed by Roadside Attractions and it was released on October 14 , 2016 to generally positive reviews from critics and audience .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b1810e20c47ffb43c81cbaf37e93688", "text": "Love Don't Cost a Thing (film) Love Do n't Cost a Thing ( stylized as Love Do n't Co $ t a Thing ) is a 2003 American teen comedy film written and directed by Troy Beyer and starring Nick Cannon and Christina Milian . It also stars Steve Harvey , Kenan Thompson and Kal Penn. . The film is a remake of the 1987 film Ca n't Buy Me Love .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec87486994623c6d57980557c980ef96", "text": "Michael Scott (The Office) Michael Gary Scott is a fictional character in NBC 's The Office , portrayed by Steve Carell and based on David Brent from the original British version of the program . Michael is the central character of the series , serving as Regional Manager of the Scranton branch of paper distribution company Dunder Mifflin Inc. from season 1 through 7 . However , he leaves Dunder Mifflin temporarily to form the Michael Scott Paper Company during the late end of the 5th season and shares a co-managerial position with Jim Halpert during a 6th season arc from `` The Meeting '' to `` The Manager and the Salesman '' . In the end of the 7th season , he proposes to HR representative Holly Flax and moves to Colorado to take care of her aging parents , leaving the manager position to Deangelo Vickers in `` Goodbye , Michael '' , to Andy Bernard in season 8 after Vickers becomes brain dead , and ultimately to Dwight Schrute in season 9 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a597496faa9d7c1f740151701b53f0c", "text": "Xavier Lamar Truesdell Xavier Lamar Truesdell ( born October 30 , 1985 in Chicago , Illinois ) also known as XL is an American actor , model , radio personality , singer , and songwriter . Truesdell made his debut on the pilot episode of the television drama series Las Vegas ( TV series ) ( 2003 ) . In 2008 , he was the lead model in a national campaign for Toyota . Truesdell is also known for his numerous appearances on MTV reality shows , like Parental Control , Punk 'd and the game show Identity , which was hosted by Penn Jillette . He also appeared in hit films such as Miss Congeniality 2 ( 2005 ) and Star Trek Into Darkness ( 2013 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da10ac6a125739049f138d9306583b5e", "text": "Carlos Knight Carlos Knight ( born September 22 , 1993 ) is an American actor and comedian . He co-starred as Owen Reynolds in Supah Ninjas and as Diesel ( his character from Fred 2 : Night of the Living Fred and also Fred 3 : Camp Fred ) in Fred : The Show .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0aa4c15df4634c86193db8f747cc4d8d", "text": "Slapstick (comics) Slapstick ( Steve Harmon ) is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . He resembles an animated clown and has the abilities of a slapstick cartoon character , such as one from Looney Tunes , including warping reality to match that of an animated cartoon .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "83d6e98b104692ac5b6a5690e5a8b2bd", "text": "Critters 3 Critters 3 is a 1991 American science fiction horror comedy film and is the third installment of the Critters series , directed by Kristine Peterson and is also Leonardo DiCaprio 's film debut . Cary Elwes mentioned on the commentary for the uncut edition DVD of Saw that he passed on the role of Josh . It was shot back-to-back with its sequel , Critters 4 . Unlike the first two films , it does not take place in the town of Grover 's Bend .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "0e5205aab3c0ab7824b64939249c8304", "text": "William Hanna William Denby `` Bill '' Hanna ( July 14 , 1910 -- March 22 , 2001 ) was an American animator , director , producer , voice actor , and cartoon artist , whose film and television cartoon characters entertained millions of people for much of the 20th century . After working odd jobs in the first months of the Depression , Hanna joined the Harman and Ising animation studio in 1930 . During the 1930s , Hanna steadily gained skill and prominence while working on cartoons such as Captain and the Kids . In 1937 , while working at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer ( MGM ) , Hanna met Joseph Barbera . The two men began a collaboration that was at first best known for producing Tom and Jerry and live action/animated hybrid films . In 1957 , they co-founded Hanna-Barbera , which became the most successful television animation studio in the business , producing programs such as The Flintstones , The Huckleberry Hound Show , The Jetsons , Scooby-Doo , The Smurfs , and Yogi Bear . In 1967 , Hanna-Barbera was sold to Taft Broadcasting for $ 12 million , but Hanna and Barbera remained heads of the company until 1991 . At that time , the studio was sold to Turner Broadcasting System , which in turn was merged with Time Warner in 1996 ; Hanna and Barbera stayed on as advisors . Hanna and Barbera won seven Academy Awards and eight Emmy Awards . Their cartoons have become cultural icons , and their cartoon characters have appeared in other media such as films , books , and toys . Hanna-Barbera 's shows had a worldwide audience of over 300 million people in their 1960s heyday , and have been translated into more than 28 languages .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "697580c81479770dc6c70a31e36dd7f8", "text": "B movie A B movie is a low-budget commercial movie , but one that is not an arthouse film . In its original usage , during the Golden Age of Hollywood , the term more precisely identified films intended for distribution as the less-publicized bottom half of a double feature . Although the U.S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s , the term B movie continues to be used in the broader sense it maintains today . In its post -- Golden Age usage , there is ambiguity on both sides of the definition : on the one hand , the primary interest of many inexpensive exploitation films is prurient ; on the other , many B movies display a high degree of craft and aesthetic ingenuity . In either usage , most B movies represent a particular genre -- the Western was a Golden Age B movie staple , while low-budget science-fiction and horror films became more popular in the 1950s . Early B movies were often part of series in which the star repeatedly played the same character . Almost always shorter than the top-billed films they were paired with , many had running times of 70 minutes or less . The term connoted a general perception that B movies were inferior to the more handsomely budgeted headliners ; individual B films were often ignored by critics . Latter-day B movies still sometimes inspire multiple sequels , but series are less common . As the average running time of top-of-the-line films increased , so did that of B pictures . In its current usage , the term has somewhat contradictory connotations : it may signal an opinion that a certain movie is ( a ) a genre film with minimal artistic ambitions or ( b ) a lively , energetic film uninhibited by the constraints imposed on more expensive projects and unburdened by the conventions of putatively `` serious '' independent film . The term is also now used loosely to refer to some higher-budgeted , mainstream films with exploitation-style content , usually in genres traditionally associated with the B movie . From their beginnings to the present day , B movies have provided opportunities both for those coming up in the profession and others whose careers are waning . Celebrated filmmakers such as Anthony Mann and Jonathan Demme learned their craft in B movies . They are where actors such as John Wayne and Jack Nicholson first became established , and they have provided work for former A movie actors , such as Vincent Price and Karen Black . Some actors , such as Bela Lugosi , Eddie Constantine and Pam Grier , worked in B movies for most of their careers . The term B actor is sometimes used to refer to a performer who finds work primarily or exclusively in B pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "439c38242be73ceb473ec9d3648366ac", "text": "The Hanna-Barbera New Cartoon Series The Hanna-Barbera New Cartoon Series , a.k.a. . The New Hanna-Barbera Cartoon Series or The Wally Gator Show , was a syndicated television package of animated cartoon series produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions , starting in 1962 . The series included three unrelated short cartoon segments featuring funny animal characters : Wally Gator Touché Turtle and Dum Dum Lippy the Lion & Hardy Har Har The package consisted of Fifty-two episodes , each with three individual segments and no bridge animation . Each individual cartoon segment , had its own opening theme and closing title . The title The New Hanna-Barbera Cartoon series was an off-screen promotional title to distinguish this package from other Hanna-Barbera cartoons ( such as Ruff and Reddy , Huckleberry Hound and Yogi Bear all of which had bridge animation between the cartoons . ) available at the time . For example , WGN-Channel 9 in Chicago ran the three segments in a half-hour timeslot under the name Wally Gator . In New York , WPIX-TV originally used the segments for a local series , Cartoon Zoo , featuring Milt Moss as host and `` Zookeeper '' , with life-sized cutouts of the characters in `` cages '' as a backdrop . The package was originally syndicated by Screen Gems , the TV division of Columbia Pictures . The Hanna-Barbera studio was later purchased by Taft Broadcasting Company , which distributed the studio 's product first through Taft-HB Program Sales , and later through Worldvision Enterprises . Over time , the studio regained control of many of its earlier productions and distributed them through Worldvision . The elements of The New Hanna-Barbera Cartoon Series were split up , with Wally Gator airing as a segment on Magilla Gorilla and Friends on USA Network 's Cartoon Express from 1987 through 1991 . Meanwhile , Touche Turtle and Lippy the Lion were part of another package of cartoons aired on The Family Channel . Following the purchase of the Hanna-Barbera library by Turner Entertainment , these shorts eventually appeared on Cartoon Network and later Boomerang . The cartoons were put on DVD with Saturday Morning Cartoons : Vol . 2 . Strangely , the Lippy the Lion cartoon was of noticeably better quality than the other two on the DVD . Very likely due to the cartoon coming from a better quality film print then the others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b5dff9513bf01faf58e4cffc28d57ad", "text": "Bill Raymond William Joseph `` Bill '' Raymond ( born September 9 , 1938 ) is an American actor who has appeared in film , television and theatre since the 1960s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c1146f2b571a710c163739ce10c7298e", "text": "Film gate The film gate is the rectangular opening in the front of a motion picture camera where the film is exposed to light . The film gate can be seen by removing the lens and rotating the shutter out of the way . The film is held on a uniform plane at a calibrated distance in the gate by a pressure plate behind the film . Occasionally , as the film passes through the gate , friction can cause small slivers of celluloid to break off and stick in the side of the opening . This debris is called hairs . A `` hair in the gate '' will remain in front of the film and create a dark line that sticks into the edge of the film frame as the camera is filming a shot . A hair can ruin the shot and is almost impossible to fix in post production without being removed digitally . Because of the intractability of this problem the 1st Assistant Camera ( in the UK this position is known as focus puller ) will open the camera and examine the gate for hairs at the end of each shot . Normally the assistant director will call out `` check the gate '' when the director is ready to move on to the next shot . The crew will wait until the focus puller calls out `` gate is clean . '' If the gate is not clean , it will be cleaned with orangewood sticks and canned air and the crew will take the shot again . A good camera crew usually checks all cameras and magazines during equipment checkout with scratch tests using fogged film rolls -- this will catch out any possible scratch or hair problems caused by faulty equipment . However , a variety of other factors including environment , humidity , type of film stock , camera position , film ridging , and lacing can each be responsible for a `` hair in the gate '' . Generally , skilled crew and regularly inspected tested equipment make this a rare occurrence , and it is not unheard of for assistants to go for months without seeing one , even on large-scale shoots . The cinematographer Oliver Stapleton praised his assisting team on Casanova for not having a single hair or scratch for the whole shoot , even though large portions were shot on dusty exteriors . Video cameras do not have this problem , as any malfunction to the sensor will render the entire system useless . The Arri D-20 and D-21 system , however , does have removable lenses and a rotating optical shutter , which means that the CMOS sensor can be exposed in much the same way as a film gate and thus needs to be kept assiduously clean .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2748f5b1c1e670d57e11a8f4f4b13963", "text": "Michael Schultz Michael Schultz ( born November 10 , 1938 ) is an American director and producer of film and television .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ed0444a29bb1522613b611efe032f3f", "text": "Chad Hanna Chad Hanna is a 1940 Technicolor film directed by Henry King , and was adapted from a bestseller of sorts that was published that same year . The novel was written by Walter Dumaux Edmonds ( after it had first been published in serial form in the Saturday Evening Post under the title `` Red Wheels Rolling '' ) . It stars Henry Fonda , Linda Darnell and Dorothy Lamour .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7e3b0b0b6083c4f2c8a79ca24a196250", "text": "Greg Hanna Greg Hanna ( born in Finch , Ontario , Canada ) is a male Canadian country music singer . Signing with his own independent label in 1995 , Hanna charted several singles on the RPM Country Tracks chart in Canada , including the top ten hit `` Ai n't No Justice '' from 1997 , but his debut album was never issued . In 2005 , Hanna appeared on the third season of Nashville Star , but dropped out after receiving an offer to work with producer Chris Farren . In 2007 , Hanna toured Canada as the opening act for Canadian country band Emerson Drive 's Countrified Tour . Hanna 's debut self-titled album was issued in October 2009 in the United States and Canada on his own USA record label imprint , Pheromone Records LLC ; with MegaForce Records and Sony . From his debut CD in the USA and Canada came the releases `` It 's a Man 's Job , '' `` What Kind of Love Are You On '' and `` Makin ' Love Real . '' Their supporting music videos which earned Hanna exposure on television networks such as CMT , GAC and TCN . In 2010 , Hanna signed with the Paradigm agency for representation and booked his first major USA tour as opening act on the American Ride Tour for Toby Keith and Trace Adkins .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a913a508bcb016d99cd6c7e4975a6a1", "text": "Major film studio A major film studio is a production and film distributor that releases a substantial number of films annually and consistently commands a significant share of box office revenue in a given market . In the North American , Western , and global markets , the major film studios , often simply known as the majors , are commonly regarded as the six diversified media conglomerates whose various film production and distribution subsidiaries collectively command approximately 80 to 85 percent of U.S. and Canadian box office revenue . The term may also be applied more specifically to the primary motion picture business subsidiary of each respective conglomerate . The `` Big Six '' majors , whose operations are based in or around the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood , are all centered in film studios active during Hollywood 's Golden Age of the 1930s and 1940s . In three cases -- 20th Century Fox , Warner Bros. , and Paramount -- the studios were one of the `` Big Five '' majors during that era as well . In two cases -- Columbia and Universal -- the studios were also considered majors , but in the next tier down , part of the `` Little Three '' . In the sixth case , Walt Disney Studios was an independent production company during the Golden Age ; it was an important Hollywood entity , but not a major . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , United Artists , and RKO were majors . Today , Disney is the only member of the Big Six whose parent entity is still located near Los Angeles ( actually , on Disney 's studio lot and in the same building ) . The five others report to conglomerates headquartered in New York City , Philadelphia , and Tokyo . Of the Big Six , Paramount is the only one still based in Hollywood , and Paramount and Fox are the only ones still located within the Los Angeles city limits , while Disney and Warner Bros. are located in Burbank , Columbia in Culver City , and Universal in the unincorporated area of Universal City . Most of today 's Big Six control subsidiaries with their own distribution networks that concentrate on arthouse pictures ( e.g. Fox Searchlight Pictures ) or genre films ( e.g. Sony 's Screen Gems ) ; several of these specialty units were shut down or sold off between 2008 and 2010 . The six major studios are contrasted with smaller production and/or distribution companies , which are known as independents or `` indies '' . The leading independent producer/distributors -- Lionsgate Films , The Weinstein Company , and former major studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer -- are sometimes referred to as `` mini-majors '' . From 1998 through 2005 , DreamWorks SKG commanded a large enough market share to arguably qualify it as a seventh major , despite its relatively small output . In 2006 , DreamWorks was acquired by Viacom , Paramount 's corporate parent . In late 2008 , DreamWorks once again became an independent production company ; its films were distributed by Disney 's Touchstone Pictures until 2016 , at which point distribution switched to Universal . The Big Six major studios are today primarily backers and distributors of films whose actual production is largely handled by independent companies -- either long-running entities or ones created for and dedicated to the making of a specific film . The specialty divisions often simply acquire distribution rights to pictures in which the studio has had no prior involvement . While the majors still do a modicum of true production , their activities are focused more in the areas of development , financing , marketing , and merchandising . Those business functions are still usually performed in or near Los Angeles , even though the runaway production phenomenon means that most films are now mostly or completely shot on location at places outside Los Angeles . Since the dawn of filmmaking , the U.S. major film studios have dominated both American cinema and the global film industry . U.S. studios have benefited from a strong first-mover advantage in that they were the first to industrialize filmmaking and master the art of mass-producing and distributing high-quality films with broad cross-cultural appeal . Today , the Big Six majors routinely distribute hundreds of films every year into all significant international markets ( that is , where discretionary income is high enough for consumers to afford to watch films ) . It is very rare , if not impossible , for a film to reach a broad international audience on multiple continents and in multiple languages without first being picked up by one of the majors for distribution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84b006dcbe140c1f78c368b4543092d3", "text": "Adam Marcus (director) Adam Marcus ( born 1968 ) is an American film director , writer and actor . Marcus was born in Westport , Connecticut and attended Staples High School . He started his career at the age of fifteen , when he co-created the Westport Theatreworks Theatrical Company where he directed and produced over fifty shows in seven years . He then attended New York University where he won the coveted Best Picture Award at the Student Academy Awards in 1990 for his film , '' ... so you like this girl '' . In 1991 , Marcus was called out to Los Angeles by filmmaker Sean S. Cunningham ( the director of the original Friday the 13th ) to work on producing and directing features . That same year , he co-produced Johnny Zombie ( retitled My Boyfriend 's Back ) for Cunningham and Disney Studios . In 1993 , Marcus wrote the story for and directed the ninth film in the Friday the 13th series , Jason Goes to Hell : The Final Friday for New Line . He was 23 at the time and the youngest director ever hired by the studio . The three million dollar feature went on to gross over eighteen million domestically and became one of New Line Video 's largest releases ever . Marcus and his writing partner Debra Sullivan then turned their attention to screenwriting for Paramount ( the adaptation of James Patterson 's Virgin , later titled Cradle and All ) and Fox ( the original Black Autumn ) . In 1995 , Marcus created the theater company Damn Skippy Theatreworks in L.A. . In the Summer and Fall of 1998 Marcus directed the independently financed feature film comedy , Let It Snow ( aka Snow Days ) . The picture marked the return of Bernadette Peters in a feature film after an eight-year absence from film work . The film screened at the Independent Feature Film Market ( IFFM ) in New York City where it was singled out as the most successful film at the market by Variety , Time Out IndieWire . Let It Snow had its world premiere at the American Film Institute 's Los Angeles International Film Festival ( AFI 's LAIFF ) in competition in the New Visions Category ; the film won awards at the festival for Best New Writer and Best Editing . The film then went on to be an official selection of Sundance 2000 in the American Spectrum section where it was given two extra screenings and sold out all seven of its showings . Then came the New York/Avignon film festival and the Deauville festival in France , where the film received critical acclaim . Let It Snow received positive reviews from Variety , The Hollywood Reporter , Ai n't It Cool News , The New York Times , and The Gore Score as well as a number of other publications worldwide . Marcus then turned to television , where he sold several series to Bright/Kauffman/Crane Productions , Imagine Television , NBC , Fox and The WB . In 2008 , Marcus directed the feature film Conspiracy for Sony Pictures , which he co-wrote with Debra Sullivan . The film was shot in Santa Fe , New Mexico with Val Kilmer , Jennifer Esposito and Gary Cole . Marcus completed the pilot presentation Fitz and Slade and is currently co-writing , directing and serving as executive producer on the web series Connected . In 2013 Marcus co-wrote the reboot of The Texas Chainsaw Massacre series , Texas Chainsaw 3D with partner Sullivan and Stephen Susco , which was the first number-one box office film in North America of the year . He co-wrote with Sullivan the feature film Cabin Fever : Outbreak and is directing and co-writing The Plantation , an adaptation of Val Lewton 's RKO classic I Walked with a Zombie . Adam 's script for Momentum ( aka Gravity ) , co-written by Sullivan , began production in South Africa starting January 2014 . The film was the directorial debut of Stephen Campanelli and stars Morgan Freeman , James Purefoy and Olga Kurylenko . The film premiered at the Fantasia International Film Festival in 2015 . Marcus is the brother of Young Artist Award-nominated actor Kipp Marcus . Marcus attended NYU 's Tisch School of the Arts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee5eb2faf688d2bc896dd479902dc004", "text": "Warner Bros. Cartoons Warner Bros. . Cartoons , Inc. was the in-house division of Warner Bros. . Pictures during the Golden Age of American animation . One of the most successful animation studios in American media history , Warner Bros. . Cartoons was primarily responsible for the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies theatrical cartoon short subjects . The characters featured in these cartoons , including Bugs Bunny , Daffy Duck , Porky Pig , Speedy Gonzales , Sylvester and Tweety , Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner , are among the most famous and recognizable characters in the world . Many of the creative staff members at the studio , including directors and animators such as Chuck Jones , Friz Freleng , Robert McKimson , Tex Avery , Robert Clampett and Frank Tashlin , are considered major figures in the art and history of traditional animation . The Warner animation division was founded in 1933 as Leon Schlesinger Productions , an independent company which produced the popular Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies animated short subjects for release by Warner Bros. . Pictures . In 1944 , Schlesinger sold the studio to Warner Bros. , who continued to operate it as Warner Bros. . Cartoons , Inc. until 1963 . Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies were briefly subcontracted to Freleng 's DePatie-Freleng Enterprises studio from 1964 until 1967 . The Warner Bros. . Cartoons studio briefly re-opened in 1967 before shutting its doors for good two years later . A successor company , Warner Bros. . Animation , was established in 1980 . That company continues to produce Looney Tunes-related works , in addition to television shows and feature films centering on other properties . The classic Warner Bros. animation studio is sometimes referred to as `` Termite Terrace '' , a name given to the temporary headquarters Tex Avery and his animators were assigned to during Avery 's first year as a Looney Tunes director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "439d44c19a8ca7d5697ff29377d9a4b6", "text": "Frank Hanna Francis `` Frank '' Hanna ( 1914 -- 21 November 1987 ) , was an Irish politician . After studying at St. Mary 's Christian Brothers Grammar School , Belfast and Queen 's University , Belfast , Hanna became a solicitor , founding Francis Hanna and Co. , specialising in personal injuries and trade union cases . A Roman Catholic supportive of a united Ireland , Hanna joined the Nationalist Party and was elected to Belfast City Council . In 1942 , he joined James Collins in defecting to the Northern Ireland Labour Party ( NILP ) , and in a 1946 by-election , he was elected for Belfast Central . Hanna beat Victor Halley of the Socialist Republican Party at the election ; the Nationalist Party which had held the seat for many years choosing not to stand . In 1949 , Hanna resigned from the NILP in protest at its support for the partition of Ireland . He was re-elected unopposed as an `` Independent Labour '' candidate at the Northern Ireland general election , 1949 , and shortly afterwards became the vice-chairman of the new Northern Section of the Irish Labour Party . He resigned from the party soon afterwards . In 1958 , he set up his own Independent Labour Group , with support from various Catholic clerics . In 1964 , he was one of the original supporters of Unity , but he stood down at the Northern Ireland general election , 1965 . He was the father of the British political journalist Vincent Hanna .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "980192d6fa3366e4f0d2e64e3d4c0cb6", "text": "Kenneth Kokin Kenneth Kokin has been a producer for many first time feature directors . He is also a sworn deputy in state of Georgia . The debut feature film he produced for Bryan Singer , Public Access won the Sundance Grand Jury Prize . Ken Kokin and Singer developed a script with writer Christopher McQuarrie to produce the multi-Academy Award winning film The Usual Suspects which Kokin directed the substantial second-unit and co-produced . This achievement landed Kokin on the cover of Fade In Magazine as one of `` The 100 People to Know in Hollywood '' . Kokin spent the next several years dividing his time between working with new film makers and developing a screenplay on the life of Alexander the Great , written with Peter Buchman and McQuarrie , for Martin Scorsese and Leonardo DiCaprio . ( Scorsese and DiCaprio chose to do The Aviator first , making way for Oliver Stone to produce his version of Alexander . ) Next , he produced and directed second-unit on McQuarrie 's directorial first feature , The Way of the Gun starring Juliette Lewis , Ryan Phillippe , James Caan and Oscar winner Benicio del Toro . The 2008 Sundance Film Festival marks Kenneth Kokin 's next statements in cinema with Captain Abu Raed the Audience Award Winner in festival 's World Dramatic Competition . This is not only the first independent film produced in Kingdom of Jordan but it 's the fist feature film from recent AFI graduate Amin Matalqa . 2008 is also the year where For Tomorrow the documentary that Kokin produced and directed in Argentina which was an official selection for the Tribeca Film Festival and the Newport Beach Film Festival where he won the Humanitarian Vision Award . This groundbreaking documentary premiered in 10 film festivals and won many other awards and created awareness about cause of Toms shoes assisting the company in achieve recognition as the fastest growing shoe company in the world . Kenneth Kokin 's dedication to directing started at 14 when he started making his own films with a borrowed Super-8 camera . In high school , he directed several claymation , live action shorts and documentaries on 16mm . His most ambitious teenage endeavor was a re-creation of the Civil War Battle of Bull Run where he combined animated clay figures and actors to win the Newbridge Reel Award for Best Picture . Upon graduating from University of Southern California Cinema , Kokin joined the Editor 's Guild and worked at both NBC and Amblin Entertainment . CBS hired Kokin to shoot , edit and direct the behind the scenes for the longest-running annual special , Circus of the Stars where he worked with lions , tigers , motorcycle , stunts , high-wire and trapeze acts . Having a passion for all elements of filmmaking from pre-production through production and post-production , Kokin chose producing and directing because they are the only jobs where he has the opportunity to participate in all areas of the process . Recently , Kokin has produced a Chinese-America co-production in Chengdu , China starring John Robinson http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1440281/ and Xiaolu Li http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0523735/ . Back in two thousand and eight , he traveled South America , Haiti and Africa directing documentaries about the pandemic of poverty and HIV facing children in those regions . Staying true to his roots in the crime genre Kenneth Kokin wrote the feature about the famous mobster , James `` Whitey '' Bulger . The Los Angeles Time piece June 26 , 2012 quoted Kokin to say , `` Finding out that Whitey Bulger was living in Santa Monica just three blocks away from me was a little like looking frantically for your sunglasses only to find out they were on your head the whole time . '' Kokin 's passion for documentaries continues as he is currently working on a feature about sea mammals as well as working as a producer in reality television . link title http://about.me/kenkokin", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93acd151d44d7e51ce7acd9f5d23e30d", "text": "Alan Greenberg (film director) Alan Greenberg ( born October 14 , 1950 in New York City , died January 27 , 2015 in Portland , OR ) was an American film director , screenwriter , photographer and author . Greenberg visited Jamaica from a young age , and was a friend of Bob Marley . Following Marley 's death , Marley 's family asked Greenberg to make a film about Marley . In 1981 , Greenberg filmed Land of Look Behind ( 1982 ) , a documentary film that includes footage of Marley 's funeral as well as scenes filmed in Jamaica 's remote Cockpit Country and the capital city of Kingston . The film ended up being more of a visionary portrait of the Jamaica of that period ( focusing on the Rastafari movement and reggae culture ) than a film primarily about Marley . The film has won considerable critical acclaim , as well as winning the Gold Hugo Award for Best Documentary in the Chicago International Film Festival , the U.S. 's largest film competition . Land of Look Behind has also been honored as the best American documentary film of its era , and the legendary filmmaker Werner Herzog says '' ` Land of Look Behind ' has achieved things never seen before in cinema . '' Greenberg worked closely with Werner Herzog on many projects . He served as a special unit photographer on the films Cape Fear '' by Martin Scorsese ( 1991 ) and 1900 , by Bernardo Bertolucci ( 1976 ) . He also wrote twenty screenplays and three books . His book Heart of Glass , about the making of the 1976 Werner Herzog masterwork of the same name , was called `` The best book on the making of a film ever written '' by Rolling Stone magazine . A new and entirely revised edition of the book , entitled , `` EVERY NIGHT THE TREES DISAPPEAR : Werner Herzog and the Making of ` Heart of Glass ' '' was published in hard cover by the Chicago Review Press . It featured Greenberg 's previously-unpublished photographs , which Herzog called `` strange and beautiful . '' '' In 2012 Greenberg was going to write and produce a film based on his acclaimed screenplay `` Love in Vain '' , a poetic account of the mysterious blues genius Robert Johnson . `` Love in Vain '' was also the first screenplay ever published by a major house ( Doubleday ) as literature . Greenberg 's latest screenplay , `` Tutankhamun - Lord of Two Lands '' , a radically researched vision of the Boy King 's murder intertwined with the intrigue surrounding his tomb 's discovery in 1922 , was to have been produced in 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5d09cda83e15766f4a5969a42eca84a", "text": "David Hannan David Hannan is a Australian cinematographer , specializing in underwater cinematography . Hannan 's footage has been featured in numerous films , including Sylvia Earle 's Mission Blue , Louie Psihoyos ' Racing Extinction , and Rob Stewart 's Sharkwater and Revolution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "330a2abe49bd2796c7f23dd7e4ec1eda", "text": "Hanna – Folge deinem Herzen Hanna -- Folge deinem Herzen is a German television series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a55640024457900988c3b2aa9012214", "text": "The Dam Short Film Festival The Dam Short Film Festival is a film festival held annually in Boulder City , Nevada , typically in early February . Lee Lanier and Anita Lanier are the original co-founders of the festival . The festival is organized by the Dam Short Film Society , a non-profit 501 ( c ) 3 Nevada corporation . Past festival sponsors have included The Art Institutes , the Nevada Film Office , the Hacienda Hotel and Casino , and Cirque du Soleil . The Society receives annual grants from the National Endowment for the Arts via the Nevada Arts Council . Started in 2005 , the Dam Short Film Festival only screens films that run between 1 and 40 minutes . Generally , there are between 100 and 140 short films programmed each year . Although most of the festival shorts are submitted by student , independent , and other `` up-and-coming '' filmmakers , the stiff competition means many of the shorts have been produced involving film professionals . These have included Oscar-winner Louis Gossett Jr. in `` Window , '' Oscar-winner , Tom Hanks , William Shatner , and Michael York in `` Why Shakespeare ? '' , the late Bela Lugosi narrating an animation based on the Edgar Allan Poe classic `` The Tell-Tale Heart '' , Francesco Quinn in `` The Gnostic '' , and Robert Wagner and Lori Singer in `` Little Victim '' The short films are arranged into thematic programs , such as international drama , crime drama , dramedy , science-fiction , horror , comedy , avant-garde , underground , and animation . In addition to the regular screenings , the festival presents special showcases and retrospectives ; for example , the 2009 event featured a showcase dedicated to documentary filmmaker Jay Rosenblatt while 2008 included a program dedicated to animator Jim Blashfield The festival also presents parties , mixers , filmmaker panels , and Q&A sessions with attending filmmakers . In 2008 , the Festival moved to the historic 400-seat Boulder Theatre . The Theatre was built in 1931 and is currently owned by Desi Arnaz Jr. and his wife Amy . 2014 marked the 10th anniversary of the festival . At present , Lee Lanier serves as the Dam Short Film Society 's executive director while John LaBonney serves as festival director . The Society has a working board of directors that varies from 4 to 6 members .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c43277b04f3f93ba3cd3c59e4a006457", "text": "The Punk Singer The Punk Singer is a 2013 documentary film about feminist singer Kathleen Hanna who fronted the bands Bikini Kill and Le Tigre , and who was a central figure in the riot grrrl movement . Directed by filmmaker Sini Anderson and produced by Anderson and Tamra Davis , the film 's title is taken from the Julie Ruin song `` The Punk Singer '' , from Hanna 's 1998 solo effort .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "019de60befd9a367a610e224466f9a23", "text": "Hygienic Productions Hygienic Productions was a film production company based out of Wilmington , Ohio . Formed by exploitation film producer Kroger Babb , the company was in charge of promotion and production for a number of Babb 's films , including the infamous Mom and Dad . Later , following the success of Mom and Dad , Babb would rename the company to a more general name , Hallmark Productions , and later , the `` Hallmark Big-6 . '' They would continue presenting the sexual education and medical-style films , but expand to more genres , including drug message films such as `` She Shoulda Said ` No ' ! '' and shock films like Karamoja .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "013e3a2969fe4ac676b172d913553bf5", "text": "John Huston John Marcellus Huston ( -LSB- ˈhjuːstən -RSB- August 5 , 1906 -- August 28 , 1987 ) was an American film director , screenwriter and actor . He wrote the screenplays for most of the 37 feature films he directed , many of which are today considered classics : The Maltese Falcon ( 1941 ) , The Treasure of the Sierra Madre ( 1948 ) , The Asphalt Jungle ( 1950 ) , The African Queen ( 1951 ) , The Misfits ( 1961 ) , Fat City ( 1972 ) and The Man Who Would Be King ( 1975 ) . During his 46-year career , Huston received 15 Oscar nominations , won twice , and directed both his father , Walter Huston , and daughter , Anjelica Huston , to Oscar wins in different films . Huston was known to direct with the vision of an artist , having studied and worked as a fine art painter in Paris in his early years . He continued to explore the visual aspects of his films throughout his career : sketching each scene on paper beforehand , then carefully framing his characters during the shooting . While most directors rely on post-production editing to shape their final work , Huston instead created his films while they were being shot , making them both more economical and cerebral , with little editing needed . Most of Huston 's films were adaptations of important novels , often depicting a `` heroic quest , '' as in Moby Dick , or The Red Badge of Courage . In many films , different groups of people , while struggling toward a common goal , would become doomed , forming `` destructive alliances , '' giving the films a dramatic and visual tension . Many of his films involved themes such as religion , meaning , truth , freedom , psychology , colonialism and war . Before becoming a Hollywood filmmaker , he had been an amateur boxer , reporter , short-story writer , portrait artist in Paris , a cavalry rider in Mexico , and a documentary filmmaker during World War II . Huston has been referred to as `` a titan '' , `` a rebel '' , and a `` renaissance man '' in the Hollywood film industry . Author Ian Freer describes him as `` cinema 's Ernest Hemingway '' -- a filmmaker who was `` never afraid to tackle tough issues head on . '' Worked for Ethos Group .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5bbd3fa7ca82f2987f36baaf2300c4d", "text": "Shamus Culhane James `` Shamus '' Culhane ( November 12 , 1908 -- February 2 , 1996 ) was an American animator , film director , and film producer . Culhane worked for a number of American animation studios , including Fleischer Studios , the Ub Iwerks studio , Walt Disney Productions , and the Walter Lantz studio . He began his animation career in 1925 working for J.R. Bray studios , and is known for promoting the animation talents of his inker/assistant at the Fleischer Studios in the early 1930s , Lillian Friedman Astor , making her the first female studio animator . While at the Disney studio , he discovered while working on Hawaiian Holiday '' 's crab sequence an animation method that involved stewing for multiple days , before drawing the entire thing in rough sketches all at once , straight ahead . He was a lead animator on Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs , animating arguably the most well-known sequence in the film , the animation of the dwarves marching home singing `` Heigh-Ho '' . The scene took Culhane and his assistants six months to complete . During this time he developed his `` High-speed '' technique of animating with quick dashed-off sketches . He also worked as an animator on Pinocchio , where he worked on Honest John and Gideon . However , he was left uncredited on the film . During the production of the film he left Disney to work at Fleischer Studios . While there , he worked as an animator on the films Gulliver 's Travels and Mr. Bug Goes to Town . In 1944 , he collaborated on The Greatest Man in Siam with the layout artist Art Heinemann . In that animation , `` the king of Siam bolts past doorways that are distinctly phallic in shape and peers at another that mimics a vagina . '' Later in his career , Culhane worked briefly in Chuck Jones 's unit at Warner Bros , before moving on to being a director for Lantz , where he helmed Woody Woodpecker 's 1944 classic , The Barber of Seville , the cartoon famous for one of the first uses of fast cutting , after taking the idea from Sergei Eisenstein . At Lantz , he introduced Russian avant-garde influenced experimental art into the cartoons . In the late-1940s , he founded Shamus Culhane Productions ( Culhane had gone by his birthname of James up until this point , before going by its Irish variant Shamus ) , one of the first companies to create animated television commercials . It also produced the animation for at least one of the Bell Telephone Science Series films . Shamus Culhane Productions folded in the 1960s , at which point Culhane became the head of the successor to Fleischer Studios , Paramount Cartoon Studios . He left the studio in 1967 , and went into semi-retirement . Culhane wrote two highly regarded books on animation : the how-to/textbook Animation from Script to Screen , and his autobiography Talking Animals and Other People '' . Since Culhane worked for a number of major Hollywood animation studios , his autobiography gives a balanced general overview of the history of the Golden Age of American Animation . At his death on February 2 , 1996 , Culhane was survived by his fourth wife , the former Juana Hegarty , and by two sons from his third marriage , to Maxine Marx ( the daughter of Chico Marx ) : Brian Culhane of Seattle and Kevin Marx Culhane of Portland , Ore. .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "58b0886643d9ae423bbc45538108b971", "text": "Jane Lynch Jane Marie Lynch ( born July 14 , 1960 ) is an American actress , singer , and comedian . She is best known as Sue Sylvester on Glee . She also gained fame in Christopher Guest 's improv mockumentary pictures such as Best in Show . Lynch 's television cameos include an appearance in the Nickelodeon situation comedy iCarly and the Showtime dark comedy series Weeds . Lynch had a recurring role in the Warner Bros. situation comedy Two and a Half Men from 2004 to 2014 and was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for her performance in 2010 . She has also had other notable roles in numerous mainstream comedies , such as Talladega Nights : The Ballad of Ricky Bobby , The 40-Year-Old Virgin , Role Models and The Three Stooges . Her portrayal of Sue Sylvester in Glee has won numerous awards , including the Primetime Emmy Award , Golden Globe Award , Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series , TCA Award for Individual Achievement in Comedy , Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actress -- Series , Miniseries , or Television Film , and the People 's Choice Award for Favorite TV Comedy Actress . On September 4 , 2013 , Lynch received the 2,505 th star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in the category of television located at 6640 Hollywood Blvd. . Lynch has lent her voice to multiple animated films , including Space Chimps , Ice Age : Dawn of the Dinosaurs , Shrek Forever After and Wreck-It Ralph . Since 2013 , she has hosted the NBC game show Hollywood Game Night , for which she has won two Emmy Awards .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "517b1e85f6ab89ef986cc912cd515185", "text": "Movin' Out (Glee) `` Movin ' Out '' is the sixth episode of the fifth season of the American musical television series Glee , and the ninety-fourth episode overall . It was written by Roberto Aguirre-Sacasa and directed by Brad Falchuk , and it aired on Fox in the United States on November 21 , 2013 . The episode is a tribute to the music of Billy Joel , and features seven of his songs . The episode features special guest star Tyra Banks as Bichette , the head of a modeling agency .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "130b8c7d67768a7a7e04ed98d6992cae", "text": "List of Jane the Virgin episodes Jane the Virgin is an American comedy-drama television series that premiered on The CW on October 13 , 2014 . The series follows Jane Villanueva , a hard-working , religious young Latina woman whose family tradition and a vow to save her virginity until marriage is shattered when a doctor mistakenly artificially inseminates her during a checkup . To make matters worse , the biological donor is a married man , a former playboy and cancer survivor who is not only the new owner of the hotel where Jane works , but was also her former teenage crush . On October 21 , 2014 , the show was given a full season order . On January 11 , 2015 , the show was renewed for a second season , On March 11 , 2016 , the show was renewed for a third season . On January 8 , 2017 , the show was renewed for a fourth season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54e80c22c370da2f785a2abb7ce5d62a", "text": "Choke (Glee) `` Choke '' is the eighteenth episode of the third season of the American musical television series Glee , and the sixty-second overall . Written by Marti Noxon and directed by Michael Uppendahl , the episode aired on Fox in the United States on May 1 , 2012 , and features the first appearance of special guest star Whoopi Goldberg as Carmen Tibideaux , Dean of the New York Academy of Dramatic Arts ( NYADA ) , and the introduction of Puck 's father ( Thomas Calabro ) . Upon its initial airing , Choke attracted 6.01 million American viewers and received a 2.5 / 8 Nielsen rating/share in the 18 -- 49 demographic , down significantly from the 2.7 / 8 rating/share and 6.90 million viewers of the previous episode , `` Dance with Somebody '' , which was broadcast a week before .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da21ac655b3987384f5be09cfa6895a9", "text": "Mary Pat Gleason Mary Pat Gleason ( born February 23 , 1950 ) is an American film and television actress and an Emmy Award winning writer . From 1983 -- 85 , she appeared on The Guiding Light as Jane Hogan . Since the early 1980s she has appeared on such television series as Full House , Dear John , Murphy Brown , Empty Nest , L.A. Law , Saved by the Bell , Murder , She Wrote , Friends , Step by Step , Suddenly Susan , Will & Grace , Sex and the City , Desperate Housewives , Family Matters , NCIS : Los Angeles , The Middleman , Up All Night , 1600 Penn , Motive , Baby Daddy , Grey 's Anatomy , Partners , Mama 's Family , Two Broke Girls and Mom . She has appeared in such feature films as I Now Pronounce You Chuck and Larry , Basic Instinct , Traffic , Bruce Almighty , 13 Going on 30 , The Crucible , Bottle Shock , A Cinderella Story , The Island , Killing Kennedy and Nina .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a8f5c3bddf124c3b368fb99602b46c0c", "text": "Ian Brennan (writer) Ian Brennan ( born April 23 , 1978 ) is a television writer , actor , producer and director . He is best known for his work on the American television shows Glee and Scream Queens .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b12995859e2af49baee1daa30fb36106", "text": "Michele Lee Michele Lee ( born June 24 , 1942 ) is an American actress , singer , dancer , producer , and director . She is known for her role as Karen Cooper Fairgate MacKenzie on the 1980s prime-time soap opera Knots Landing ( 1979 -- 93 ) , for which she was nominated for a 1982 Emmy Award and won the Soap Opera Digest Award for Best Actress in 1988 , 1991 and 1992 . She was the only performer to appear in all 344 episodes of the show . Lee began her career on Broadway in Vintage 60 ( 1960 ) and How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying ( 1961 ) . She made her movie debut in the film version of the latter in 1967 . Her other film appearances include the Disney film The Love Bug ( 1968 ) , The Comic ( 1969 ) and Along Came Polly ( 2004 ) . She was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical in 1974 for Seesaw , and for the Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Play in 2001 for The Tale of the Allergist 's Wife . She also played the title role in the 1998 TV film Scandalous Me : The Jacqueline Susann Story , and Madame Morrible in the Broadway musical Wicked in 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dbcafe600ff5efacdecd0f8510aedc5a", "text": "The Glee Club The Glee Club is a small chain of independent live stand-up comedy and live music venues in the UK . The first Glee Club was opened by Mark Tughan in Birmingham 's Chinese Quarter in 1994 , the first dedicated comedy club to open in the United Kingdom outside London . Refurbished in 2001 the Birmingham venue has two event spaces : a 420-seat main auditorium and a 150-seat studio theatre . A second branch opened in Cardiff in 2001 and is located in the Mermaid Quay development in Cardiff Bay . It has a seated capacity of 440 and a standing capacity of 600 . ITV Wales broadcast a series of eight stand up shows from the venue in 2006 . The Cardiff venue has won the Chortle Award for best venue ( Wales and West ) eight times since the awards began in 2002 . A third club opened in Oxford in April 2010 . A fourth , two room club opened in Nottingham in September 2010 . It is attached to a café bar called Café Glee . In 2014 a High Court judge ruled that the TV show Glee ` diluted and tarnished ' the reputation of The Glee Club comedy chain . In 2014 The Glee Club won the Best Comedy Club award at the Midlands Comedy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d303954b27e018d4558c138c35cf71a", "text": "My Fair Lady (film) My Fair Lady is a 1964 American musical film adapted from the Lerner and Loewe eponymous stage musical based on the 1913 stage play Pygmalion by George Bernard Shaw . With a screenplay by Alan Jay Lerner and directed by George Cukor , the film depicts a poor Cockney flower seller named Eliza Doolittle who overhears an arrogant phonetics professor , Henry Higgins , as he casually wagers that he could teach her to speak `` proper '' English , thereby making her presentable in the high society of Edwardian London . The film stars Audrey Hepburn and Rex Harrison as Eliza Doolittle and Henry Higgins respectively , with Stanley Holloway , Gladys Cooper and Wilfrid Hyde-White in supporting roles . A critical and commercial success , it won eight Academy Awards , including Best Picture , Best Actor , and Best Director . In 1998 , the American Film Institute named it the 91st greatest American film of all time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66a7380bc00d94d41d546db95542c044", "text": "68th Tony Awards The 68th Annual Tony Awards were held June 8 , 2014 , to recognize achievement in Broadway productions during the 2013 -- 14 season . The ceremony was held at Radio City Music Hall in New York City , and was televised live on CBS . Hugh Jackman was the host , his fourth time hosting . The 15 musical Tony Awards went to seven different musicals , and six plays shared the 11 play Tony Awards . The nominations were announced on April 29 , 2014 by Jonathan Groff and Lucy Liu . Audra McDonald won the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play . In just her ninth Broadway engagement , McDonald established two records as the first actor to win six Tony Awards for acting and the first to win in all four categories , lead and featured in both a play and a musical . In its seventh Broadway incarnation , The Glass Menagerie won its first Tony Award ( Lighting Design ) . Aladdin 's win made it the fourth franchise to complete EGOT status .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15c9406dbc4e3d7de479d8b0bab9e5d3", "text": "Jane Summerhays Jane Summerhays ( born October 11 , 1944 in Salt Lake City , Utah ) is an American actress known for her work on stage , screen , and film . Her television credits include guest roles on One Life to Live , All My Children , Tales from the Darkside , Working It Out , The Cosby Mysteries , New York News , Law & Order , Sex and the City , and Ed . Summerhays has also appeared in the 2001 film This Train in the role of Love and the 2005 film Backseat as the mother . Summerhays is probably best known for her stage work . She first appeared as a member of the ensemble in the national tour of Nash at Nine in 1975 . She next performed in the original 1976 Laurence Olivier Award winning London production of A Chorus Line as Sheila at the Drury Lane Theatre . In 1978 , Summerhays was cast as Lady Kay Wellington in the national touring production of Oh , Kay ! which included performances at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts . She then reprised the role the following year at the Royal Alexandra Theatre in Toronto . Later that year Summerhays made her Broadway debut , replacing Kelly Bishop , who originated the part on Broadway , as Sheila in A Chorus Line . In 1979 , she played the role of Jane in the Broadway production of Sugar Babies , replacing actress Ann Jillian who originated the part . Summerhays also was the understudy for the lead role of Ann in the production and got to perform the role on a few occasions . In 1980 , she played the roles of Zelda Fitzgerald and Sylvia Beach in the American Place Theatre 's production of Paris Lights . In 1981 , she performed in a production of Hey , Look Me Over ! at Avery Fisher Hall . In 1983 , Summerhays returned to the Broadway production of A Chorus Line to once again play Sheila . In 1984 , she appeared as Maria in On Approval at the Roundabout Theatre . In 1985 , she played Jane and was the understudy for Ann in the national company tour of Sugar Babies . In 1986 , Summerhays starred as Lady Jaqueline Carstone in the original Broadway production and Me and My Girl for which she received a Drama Desk Award and a Tony Award nomination . She remained with the production for three years . Over the next two decades Summerhays appeared in several more Broadway productions including the roles of Diana in Lend Me a Tenor , Elizabeth in Taking Steps , Cynthia in The Real Inspector Hound , the musical review Dream , Fritzie and Fraulein Kost in Cabaret , and Miss Madelaine True in The Wild Party . Summerhays also appeared in several Off-Broadway and regional theater productions including Sympathy Jones , Camila , Broadway Gypsies , Good News , and Promises , Promises .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e2566c329f251407cc85e136b87c7a07", "text": "Dharma & Greg Dharma & Greg is an American television sitcom that aired from September 24 , 1997 , to April 30 , 2002 . The show starred Jenna Elfman and Thomas Gibson as Dharma and Greg Montgomery , a couple who married on their first date despite being polar opposites . The series was co-produced by Chuck Lorre Productions , More-Medavoy Productions and 4 to 6 Foot Productions in association with 20th Century Fox Television for ABC . The show 's theme song was written and performed by composer Dennis C. Brown . Created by executive producers Dottie Dartland and Chuck Lorre , the comedy took much of its inspiration from culture-clash `` fish out of water '' situations . The show earned eight Golden Globe nominations , six Emmy Award nominations , and six Satellite Awards nominations . Elfman earned a Golden Globe in 1999 for Best Actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "77ae8b021d1611a2bee6b52f67249473", "text": "Pilot (Glee) `` Pilot '' is the pilot episode of the American television series Glee , which premiered on the Fox network on May 19 , 2009 . An extended director 's cut version aired on September 2 , 2009 . The show focuses on a high school show choir , also known as a glee club , set within the fictional William McKinley High School in Lima , Ohio . The pilot episode covers the formation of the club and introduces the main characters . The episode was directed by series creator Ryan Murphy , and written by Murphy , Brad Falchuk and Ian Brennan . Murphy selected the music featured in the episode , with the intention of maintaining a balance between showtunes and chart hits . The episode achieved 9.619 million viewers on first broadcast , and 4.2 million when the director 's cut version aired . Critical response was mixed , with The New York Times Alessandra Stanley highlighting the episode 's unoriginality and stereotyped characters , but praising the showmanship and talent of the cast . The Daily News David Hinckley opined that the show was imperfect and implausible but `` potentially heartwarming , '' while USA Today Robert Bianco noted casting and tone problems , but commented positively on the show 's humor and musical performances . Mary McNamara for the LA Times wrote that the show had a wide audience appeal , calling it : `` the first show in a long time that 's just plain full-throttle , no-guilty-pleasure-rationalizations-necessary fun . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "752227b3b7a63d61f5f2d679802fae77", "text": "Golden Boot Awards The Golden Boot Awards is an American acknowledgment of achievement honoring actors , actresses , and crew members who have made significant contributions to the genre of Western television and movies . The award is sponsored and presented by the Motion Picture & Television Fund . Money raised at the award banquet is used to help finance various services offered by the Fund to those in the entertainment industry . Actor Pat Buttram conceived the idea of the Golden Boot Award , and the first ones were presented in 1983 . The awards appear to have been discontinued since 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8938a970761eccd515ea678bfeeb5283", "text": "Laurence Olivier Award for Best Performance in a Supporting Role in a Musical The Laurence Olivier Award for Best Performance in a Supporting Role in a Musical is an annual award presented by The Society of London Theatre in recognition of achievements in commercial British theatre . The awards were established as the Society of West End Theatre Awards in 1976 , and , renamed in 1984 in honour of English actor Lord Olivier . The Olivier Awards are the most prestigious theatrical awards in the United Kingdom and are the UK equivalent of the Tony Awards . Until 2015 , the Olivier Awards did not honour supporting musical performances separately and was therefore a unisex category , honouring both male and female actors . Starting with the 2015 ceremony , the awards have been separated into Best Actor in a Supporting Role in a Musical and Best Actress in a Supporting Role in a Musical", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0bd57d08eac5df9d334d5cba80c62395", "text": "Glee, Actually `` Glee , Actually '' is the tenth episode of the fourth season of the American musical television series Glee , and the seventy-sixth episode overall as well as the show 's third Christmas-themed episode . Written by Matthew Hodgson and directed by Adam Shankman , it aired on Fox in the United States on December 13 , 2012 . The episode garnered mixed reviews from critics ; and was watched by 5.26 million viewers , receiving an 18-49 rating of 2.0 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b01cc8c101644c13b2e4850617d88601", "text": "Jane's House Jane 's House is a 1994 drama television film starring James Woods , Anne Archer and Melissa Lahlitah Crider . It was directed by Glenn Jordan , who had previously worked with Woods on the 1986 TV movie Promise and the 1991 TV movie The Boys . The film first aired on the CBS network on January 2 , 1994 . The film was based on the 1982 novel of the same name by Robert Kimmel Smith . The book is an American Library Association Best Book for Young Adults and a nationwide best-seller .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bee94399e121018bf5e95d75c20d742b", "text": "Prom Queen (Glee) `` Prom Queen '' is the twentieth episode of the second season of the American musical television series Glee , and the forty-second overall . It aired May 10 , 2011 on Fox in the United States . The episode was written by series creator Ian Brennan , directed by Eric Stoltz , and featured the return of guest star Jonathan Groff . In `` Prom Queen '' , the McKinley High School glee club New Directions is tapped to provide the music for the school 's junior prom . The episode shows the myriad dramas surrounding a high school prom , with the high-stakes race for prom king and queen that involves five members of the glee club , students scrambling to find dates and outfits , and the delights and disappointments of the prom itself . Upon its initial airing , this episode was viewed by 9.29 million American viewers and garnered a 3.7 / 11 Nielsen rating/share in the 18 -- 49 demographic . The total viewership was up slightly from the previous episode , `` Rumours '' . The episode received mixed reviews , which generally favored the final segment with the prom king and queen denouement over the earlier portions of the show . The music , however , was mostly received with enthusiasm , and special praise was given to the pre-prom renditions of `` Rolling in the Deep '' and `` Is n't She Lovely '' . Six songs were covered , all of which were released as singles and charted on the Billboard Hot 100 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2fd364136cc43319c427dd5db6893544", "text": "64th Golden Globe Awards 64thGolden Globe Awards January 15 , 2007 Picture -- Drama : Babel Picture -- Musical or Comedy : Dreamgirls TV Series -- Drama : Grey 's Anatomy TV Series -- Musical or Comedy : Ugly Betty The 64th Annual Golden Globe Awards were aired on January 15 , 2007 . Some key dates announced by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association are : The ceremony was broadcast live on NBC . Indicating the impact that animated films have had on the film industry , the Hollywood Foreign Press Association announced in early 2006 that a Golden Globe would be awarded for the Best Animated Feature for the first time at this award ceremony . Dreamgirls won the most awards , with 3 ( including Best Motion Picture -- Musical or Comedy ) . Babel , received the most nominations , with 7 ( only winning 1 , for Best Motion Picture -- Drama ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4256ecc6b184a5b791ba37f290c08eeb", "text": "Glee: The Music, Volume 7 Glee : The Music , Volume 7 is the eleventh soundtrack album by the cast of the American musical television series Glee . It was released by Columbia Records on December 6 , 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bcdc4f50af405a6e948c1b4d81b3e59d", "text": "Kyle MacLachlan Kyle Merritt MacLachlan ( -LSB- məˈglɒklən -RSB- born February 22 , 1959 ) is an American actor . MacLachlan is best known for his role as Dale Cooper in Twin Peaks ( 1990 -- 1991 ; 2017 ) and its subsequent film continuation Twin Peaks : Fire Walk with Me ( 1992 ) , as well as in cult films such as two of David Lynch 's films : Paul Atreides in Dune ( 1984 ) and Jeffrey Beaumont in Blue Velvet ( 1986 ) . MacLachlan 's other film roles include Lloyd Gallagher in the science fiction action film The Hidden ( 1987 ) , Ray Manzarek in The Doors ( 1991 ) , Clifford Vandercave in The Flintstones ( 1994 ) , and the voice of Riley 's dad in Inside Out ( 2015 ) . He has also had prominent roles in television shows including appearing as Trey MacDougal in Sex and the City ( 2000 -- 2002 ) , Orson Hodge in Desperate Housewives ( 2006 -- 2012 ) , The Captain in How I Met Your Mother ( 2010 -- 14 ) , the Mayor of Portland in Portlandia ( 2011 -- 2017 ) , and Calvin Zabo in Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. ( 2014 -- 2015 ) . MacLachlan has won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor -- Television Series Drama and has been nominated for two Emmy Awards , all for Twin Peaks .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "4fc29abfa9ded174bce41224709c5e0d", "text": "Taylor Swift Taylor Alison Swift ( born December 13 , 1989 ) is an American singer-songwriter . One of the most popular contemporary female recording artists , she is known for narrative songs about her personal life , which has received much media attention . Born and raised in Pennsylvania , Swift moved to Nashville , Tennessee at age 14 to pursue a career in country music . She signed with the independent label Big Machine Records and became the youngest artist ever signed by the Sony/ATV Music publishing house . Her eponymous debut album in 2006 peaked at number five on Billboard 200 and spent the most weeks on the chart in the 2000s . The album 's third single , `` Our Song '' , made her the youngest person to single-handedly write and perform a number-one song on the Hot Country Songs chart . Swift 's second album , Fearless , was released in 2008 . Buoyed by the pop crossover success of the singles `` Love Story '' and `` You Belong with Me '' , Fearless became the best-selling album of 2009 in the United States . The album won four Grammy Awards , with Swift becoming the youngest Album of the Year winner . Swift was the sole writer of her 2010 album , Speak Now . It debuted at number one in the United States and the single `` Mean '' won two Grammy Awards . Her fourth album , Red ( 2012 ) , yielded the successful singles `` We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together '' and `` I Knew You Were Trouble '' . With her fifth album , the pop-focused 1989 ( 2014 ) , she became the first act to have three albums sell a million copies within one week in the United States . Its singles `` Shake It Off '' , `` Blank Space '' , and `` Bad Blood '' reached number one in the US , Australia , and Canada . The album received three Grammy Awards , and Swift became the first woman and fifth act overall to win Album of the Year twice . The 2015 eponymous concert tour for 1989 became one of highest-grossing of the decade . As a songwriter , Swift has received awards from the Nashville Songwriters Association and the Songwriters Hall of Fame . She is also the recipient of ten Grammy Awards , five Guinness World Records , one Emmy Award , 21 Billboard Music Awards , 11 Country Music Association Awards , eight Academy of Country Music Awards , and one Brit Award . Swift is one of the best-selling artists of all time , having sold more than 40 million albums -- including 27.1 million in the US -- and 130 million single downloads . She has appeared in Time 100 most influential people in the world ( 2010 and 2015 ) , Forbes top-earning women in music ( 2011 -- 2015 ) , Forbes 100 most powerful women ( 2015 ) , and Forbes Celebrity 100 ( 2016 ) . She was the youngest woman to be included in the third of these and ranked first in Celebrity 100 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "ca93aa2396d3b648b1d2c334877d1b3b", "text": "White Soul White Soul is the third album by Chicago pop band Green , released in 1989 on Megadisc Records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "643010387100b1df150caeab46f53613", "text": "List of number-one singles of 2013 (Australia) The ARIA Singles Chart ranks the best-performing singles in Australia . Its data , published by the Australian Recording Industry Association , is based collectively on each single 's weekly physical and digital sales . In 2013 , seventeen singles claimed the top spot , including `` Thrift Shop '' by Macklemore and Ryan Lewis , which started its peak position in late 2012 . Fifteen acts achieved their first number-one single in Australia , either as a lead or featured artist : Mary Lambert , Nate Ruess , Baauer , Ray Dalton , Passenger , Daft Punk , Pharrell Williams , Robin Thicke , T.I. , Avicii , 2 Chainz , Redfoo , Dami Im , Taylor Henderson and John Legend . Im and Henderson were the only Australian artists to achieve a number-one single . Macklemore and Ryan Lewis had three number-one singles during the year for `` Thrift Shop '' , `` Same Love '' and `` Ca n't Hold Us '' . Jason Derulo earned two number-one singles for `` Talk Dirty '' and `` Trumpets '' . Pharrell Williams also earned two number-one singles during the year , as a featured artist on Daft Punk 's `` Get Lucky '' and Robin Thicke 's `` Blurred Lines '' . Katy Perry 's `` Roar '' was the longest-running number-one single of 2013 , having topped the ARIA Singles Chart for nine weeks . `` Blurred Lines '' was the second longest-running number-one single , with eight consecutive weeks at the top . Passenger 's `` Let Her Go '' stayed at number one for five consecutive weeks , while Avicii 's `` Wake Me Up ! '' topped the chart for six consecutive weeks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2a342dbc97f2edda8b3a8d6cde204e9", "text": "Love Will Lead You Back `` Love Will Lead You Back '' is a song performed by American singer Taylor Dayne . Released as the second single from Dayne 's second album Ca n't Fight Fate ( following the more uptempo `` With Every Beat of My Heart '' ) , the ballad debuted on the Billboard Hot 100 chart on January 27 , 1990 . It reached number one on April 7 that same year and spent 15 weeks in the Top 40 , becoming Dayne 's only chart-topping hit . It also reached number one on the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart and was certified Gold in the US by the RIAA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2573a0d64fdad46208d081b583df380a", "text": "Fate (EP) 緣 Fate ( sometimes credited as 緣 • 痴心誤會 Fate • Loving Misunderstanding ) is an EP by cantopop singer Prudence Liew , released in 1989 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "50a63683278a6273da9fc8bed328ae02", "text": "Steel Wheels Steel Wheels is the 19th British and 21st American studio album by The Rolling Stones , released in 1989 . Heralded as a major comeback upon its release , the project is notable for the patching up of Mick Jagger and Keith Richards ' relationship , a reversion to a more classic style of music and the launching of the band 's biggest world tour at the time . It is also long-time bassist Bill Wyman 's final full-length studio album with the Stones , preceding the announcement of his departure in January 1993 . Wyman 's final tenure with the band would be on two studio tracks for 1991 's Flashpoint .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "941b955e09b41cc9776a74e8e4689cee", "text": "When Love & Hate Collide `` When Love & Hate Collide '' is a power ballad by British rock band Def Leppard from their 1995 greatest hits album Vault , written by Joe Elliott and Rick Savage . It was originally written and demoed for Adrenalize , but not finalized until 1995 for its inclusion on Vault . The demo version is much more heavily produced in the signature style of Hysteria and Adrenalize , and the final version is more stripped down , supposedly toward the style of the following studio album Slang . The original demo version contains the final recorded guitar solo by late original guitarist Steve Clark . `` When Love & Hate Collide '' became one of their most successful singles in their homeland , where it reached No. 2 in the UK Singles Charts , but it failed to make a significant impact in the U.S. charts , reaching # 58 on the Billboard Hot 100 . In 2008 , the song was re-recorded this time with featured vocals of American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift . The original version was re-released as a digital download on 12 February 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e3e01a8958c9cc51f20da3c31730d257", "text": "You're Not Sorry `` You 're Not Sorry '' is a country rock song performed by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift . The song was solely written by Swift and produced by Nathan Chapman with Swift 's aid . It was released on October 28 , 2008 by Big Machine Records as a promotional single from Swift 's second studio album , Fearless on iTunes , though it is no longer available . A remix version for the television episode of CSI : Crime Scene Investigation in which Swift made an appearance was later released . Swift wrote `` You 're Not Sorry '' , inspired by an ex-boyfriend who was revealed to be opposite of what he appeared to be . The song is a power ballad with country and rock music influences . Contemporary critics gave `` You 're Not Sorry '' average to favorable reviews . In North America , the song achieved commercial success . It peaked at number 11 on Canadian Hot 100 . In the United States , `` You 're Not Sorry '' also peaked at number 11 on the Billboard Hot 100 and was certified platinum by the RIAA . Swift performed the song in several venues , including on her first headlining tour , the 2009 and 2010 Fearless Tour . During the tour , Swift performed a mashup of a cover version of Justin Timberlake 's `` What Goes Around ... / ... Comes Around '' and `` You 're Not Sorry '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84477256bdb320f3503842873132c066", "text": "Heaven & Hell (Meat Loaf and Bonnie Tyler album) Heaven & Hell is a compilation album by American singer Meat Loaf and Welsh singer Bonnie Tyler . It was released in 1989 by Telstar Records . The majority of songs included on Heaven & Hell were written by Jim Steinman , who wrote some of Meat Loaf and Tyler 's biggest hits . Meat Loaf 's tracks come from Bat Out of Hell ( 1977 ) , Dead Ringer ( 1981 ) and Midnight at the Lost and Found ( 1983 ) . Tyler 's tracks come from Faster Than the Speed of Night ( 1983 ) and Secret Dreams and Forbidden Fire ( 1986 ) . Though the album was not an immediate commercial success , due to steady sales Heaven & Hell was certified platinum by the BPI in 2013 for sales of over 300,000 copies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a8542afe8f78ceec8412f8b0f2f27a3", "text": "Right Rhythm Right Rhythm is the fourteenth studio album by the Pointer Sisters , released in 1990 on the Motown label .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dab9947ccfbc33db1d18211799aaa244", "text": "List of number-one dance singles of 2014 (U.S.) The U.S. Dance Club Songs chart is published weekly by Billboard . It compiles the weeks most popular songs from a sample of reporting DJ 's around the country . The first number-one song of 2014 was `` Unconditionally '' by Katy Perry . With remixes by Syn Cole , Manufactured Superstars , Tracy Young and Country Club Martini Crew , it became her twelfth consecutive chart topper , extending her own record for the most number-ones in a row in the thirty-seven year history of the chart . Perry achieved a further three number one singles during the year -- `` Dark Horse '' featuring Juicy J , `` Birthday '' and `` This Is How We Do '' -- with the last becoming her record-extending fifteenth consecutive number-one . Beyoncé was one of three acts to top the chart three times , beginning with `` Blow '' , then `` Partition '' and her twenty-second in total , `` Pretty Hurts '' . Iggy Azalea and Dave Audé achieved three number-ones ; the former with `` Fancy '' featuring Charli XCX , `` Black Widow '' featuring Rita Ora and `` Booty '' , a collaboration with Jennifer Lopez , and Audé with `` Take Me Away '' , `` Aftermath ( Here We Go ) '' and `` Hustlin . Demi Lovato topped the chart twice with `` Neon Lights '' and `` Really Do n't Care '' featuring Cher Lloyd . `` Somebody Loves You '' became Betty Who 's first song to top the chart . Fedde Le Grand and Gregor Salto produced remixes of Mariah Carey 's song `` You 're Mine ( Eternal ) '' , garnering the singer her seventeenth number-one since she first topped the chart with `` Someday '' in 1991 . `` Painkillr '' , by Erika Jayne , became her seventh consecutive number-one on the chart . In addition to `` Black Widow '' , Ora 's own `` I Will Never Let You Down '' topped the chart in June . Enrique Iglesias became the male artist with the most number-one songs in history , with `` Bailando '' featuring Descemer Bueno and Gente de Zona becoming his thirteenth . `` Ca n't Remember to Forget You '' , a song by Shakira featuring Rihanna , became the former 's sixth and the latter 's twenty-second number-one in April , making Rihanna the second artist with the most entries after Madonna . Shakira also topped the chart with `` Dare ( La La La ) '' in July . Zhu 's song `` Faded '' topped the chart on December 20 . A writer for Complex was surprised that the song only reached number-one in December despite being commercially released in September , writing `` While I 'd love to say that it 's because the song is just that damn good ( which it is ) , Billboard says it 's been helped by the number of remixes from Odesza , Amtrac , and The Magician . '' `` Never Say Never '' by Basement Jaxx became the most-played track of the year from the national sample , ranking atop the Dance Club Songs 2014 year-end chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4291ec8ba8e4f0f678c6bfa845c363ff", "text": "Epic Records Epic Records is an American record label owned by Sony Music Entertainment , a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America , Inc. . Epic was founded predominantly as a jazz and classical music label in 1953 . It later expanded its scope to include a more diverse range of musical genres , including pop , R&B , rock and hip hop . Historically , the label has housed popular acts such as Michael Jackson , Cheap Trick , Shakira , Celine Dion , ABBA , Anastacia , Boston , Dave Clark Five , Gloria Estefan , Pearl Jam and Sly & the Family Stone . Along with Columbia and RCA Records , Epic is one of Sony Music Entertainment 's three main record labels . Artists currently signed to Epic as of 2017 include Fiona Apple , Sara Bareilles , Mariah Carey , Keyshia Cole , Future , Fifth Harmony , Jennifer Hudson , Zara Larsson , Jennifer Lopez , Outkast , Ozzy Osbourne , Judas Priest , Busta Rhymes , Rick Ross , Sade , 21 Savage , Travis Scott and Meghan Trainor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "408db0ee348d25f31d9de0a2f046cc65", "text": "List of UK top 10 singles in 1989 The UK Singles Chart is one of many music charts compiled by the Official Charts Company that calculates the best-selling singles of the week in the United Kingdom . Before 2004 , the chart was only based on the sales of physical singles with airplay figures and digital downloads excluded from the official chart . This list shows singles that peaked in the Top 10 of the UK Singles Chart during 1989 , as well as songs which peaked in 1988 and 1990 but were in the top 10 in 1989 . The entry date is when the song appeared in the top 10 for the first time . One-hundred and forty-five singles were in the top ten in 1989 . Eight singles from 1988 remained in the top 10 for several weeks at the beginning of the year . `` Especially for You '' by Kylie Minogue and Jason Donovan , `` Crackers International '' by Erasure , `` Suddenly '' by Angry Anderson , `` Good Life '' by Inner City '' and `` Loco in Acapulco '' by The Four Tops all first charted in 1988 but reached their peak in 1989 . Thirty-six artists scored multiple entries in the top 10 in 1989 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ac24605301e7606932667cc23888f35", "text": "Swift (surname) Swift is a surname . Notable people with the surname include : Allan Swift ( born 1935 ) , U.S. politician Bill Swift ( born 1961 ) , baseball player Bill Swift ( 1930s pitcher ) ( 1908 -- 1969 ) , baseball player Catherine Swift , President and CEO of the Canadian Federation of Independent Business Charles Swift , defense counsel for Salim Ahmed Hamdan Clement Nye Swift ( 1846 -- 1918 ) , American painter Clive Swift ( born 1936 ) , British actor David Swift ( director ) ( 1919 -- 2001 ) , American screenwriter , animator , director , and producer David Swift ( actor ) ( 1931 -- 2016 ) , British actor Edward D. Swift , U.S. astronomer Gareth Swift ( rugby league ) , rugby league footballer of the 2000s George R. Swift ( 1887 -- 1972 ) , U.S. politician Graham Swift ( born 1949 ) , British novelist Gustavus Franklin Swift ( 1839 -- 1903 ) , U.S. entrepreneur , founder of Swift & Company meatpacking plants Henry Adoniram Swift ( 1823 -- 1896 ) , U.S. politician Innis P. Swift ( 1882 -- 1953 ) American World War II general Jane Swift ( born 1965 ) , American politician John Franklin Swift ( 1829 -- 1891 ) , American politician and author Jonathan Swift ( 1667 -- 1745 ) , Irish author , satirist , political pamphleteer and cleric Joseph Gardner Swift ( 1783 -- 1865 ) , American army officer Justin Swift ( born 1975 ) , American football player Katherine Swift ( 1956 -- 2004 ) Artist and ceramicist Kay Swift ( 1897 -- 1993 ) , American composer Lewis Swift ( 1820 -- 1913 ) , U.S. astronomer Morrison I. Swift ( 1856 -- 1946 ) U.S. social theorist , organizer and activist . Philetus Swift ( 1763 -- 1828 ) , New York politician Parton Swift ( 1876 -- 1952 ) , New York politician and judge Patrick Swift ( 1927 -- 83 ) , Irish painter Richard Swift ( disambiguation ) , several people Robert Swift ( born 1985 ) , basketball player R.B. Swift , American journalist Scott H. Swift ( born 1957 ) , commander of the U.S. Pacific Fleet Stephanie Swift , adult actress Stromile Swift ( born 1979 ) , basketball player Taylor Swift ( born 1989 ) , American country music singer-songwriter and actress Todd Swift ( born 1966 ) , Canadian poet William Swift ( born 1848 ) , governor of Guam and USN Rear Admiral", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d5f7f5ad597036cb4bee4a1aa14adbc", "text": "List of Billboard 200 number-one albums of 2002 The highest-selling albums and EPs in the United States are ranked in the Billboard 200 , published by Billboard magazine . The data are compiled by Nielsen Soundscan based on each album 's weekly physical and digital sales . 25 acts achieved number one albums during this year with artist such as Nelly and Shania Twain who had their albums debut at number one on the chart . Rapper Eminem 's The Eminem Show is the best selling album of 2002 selling over approximately 7.6 million copies by the end of the year . It is also the longest running album of 2002 spending six non-consecutive weeks the chart and was known for its first full week of sales debut of 1.322 million copies which Nielsen SoundScan scanned as the sixth largest sales of all time in its first week . Its debut of 1.322 million copies has still not been matched by any album today since except for Taylor Swift 's album 1989 , which opened with first week sales of 1.279 million copies . The band Creed continued its eight week long run on the chart but is credited as the longest running album 2001 . Jennifer Lopez earned her second number one album on the charts with J to tha L-O ! : The Remixes , which became the highest first week sales of a remix album at the time . R&B artist Ashanti earned her first number one album with her self-titled debut album Ashanti , which opened up with first week sales of 503,000 copies in its first week alone . Puff Daddy earned his first number one album since No Way Out back in 1997 . Rapper Jay-Z earned his fifth chart topper with The Blueprint 2 : The Gift & The Curse , which opened up with first week sales of 545,000 copies alone . Heavy metal band Disturbed earned its first number one album on the chart with Believe , which opened up with first week sales of 284,000 copies alone . Country music singer Shania Twain 's album Up ! opened up with a huge first week sales of 857,000 copies in its first week alone , giving her the recognition of the highest first week sales of her career and second highest of the year , only behind Eminem 's The Eminem Show and at the time the fastest selling solo female album ever . Nelly 's album Nellyville opened up with his highest first week sales of his career which logged on with huge sales of 714,000 copies in its first week alone , which beat his sales of his debut album Country Grammar , which opened up with first week sales of 235,000 copies . Country singer Alan Jackson album Drive gave him his first number one album on the chart and opened up with first week sales of 211,000 copies alone .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb983031a9707fd94b64bc7486d81fc5", "text": "Ted Taylor (singer) Theodore Austin `` Ted '' Taylor ( February 16 , 1934 -- October 2 , 1987 ) was an American R&B and soul singer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eafafc3ab9099abf7d576768dc318b6e", "text": "American Music Awards of 1987 The 14th Annual American Music Awards were held on January 26 , 1987 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e8fe0bf6b7de6af4de58b10d7bcb1dc", "text": "9 (Damien Rice album) 9 is the second studio album by Irish singer , songwriter and producer Damien Rice , released in 2006 . The album was released on 3 November in Ireland , 6 November in the United Kingdom and 14 November in the US . It was followed by the single `` 9 Crimes '' , which was released on 27 November 2006 . The record was certified gold in the UK .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ccec1b92d1c141b81edde97b10c7e5b", "text": "Radio (LL Cool J album) Radio is the debut studio album by American rapper LL Cool J , released November 18 , 1985 on Def Jam Recordings in the United States . It serves as the label 's first full-length album release . Recording sessions for the album took place during 1984 to 1985 at Chung King House of Metal in New York City . The album was primarily produced by Rick Rubin , who provided a sparse and minimal production style . Radio also features a sound that is punctuated by DJ scratching , mostly brief samples , and emphasis of the downbeat . LL Cool J 's b-boy lyricism conveys themes of inner city culture , teenage promiscuity , and braggadocio raps . The album experienced a significant amount of commercial success and sales for a hip hop record at the time , earning U.S. Billboard chart success and selling over 500,000 copies within its first five months of release . On April 19 , 1989 , Radio was certified platinum in sales by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , following sales in excess of one million copies in the United States . Initial criticism of the album was generally positive , as LL Cool J 's lyricism and Rick Rubin 's production were praised by several music critics . It has since been recognized by critics as LL Cool J 's greatest work . Reflecting the new school and ghettoblaster subculture in the U.S. during the mid-1980s , Radio belongs to a pivotal moment in the history and culture of hip hop . Its success contributed to the displacement of the old school with the new school form and to the genre 's mainstream success during the period . Its success also served as a career breakthrough for LL Cool J and Rick Rubin . Radio has been recognized by music writers as one of the first cohesive and commercially successful hip hop albums .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6bdbd7d42d37c199b30c82e333b54f2", "text": "A Very Grammy Christmas Special A Very Grammy Christmas Special was a Christmas-themed television special that aired on CBS on December 5 , 2014 . Guests included Ariana Grande , Maroon 5 , Tim McGraw and Pharrell Williams . It received 4.73 million viewers and a 0.8 / 3 rating/share .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e38015099cd6932690fb25c19033d33", "text": "Sony/ATV Music Publishing Sony/ATV Music Publishing LLC is an American music publishing company owned by Sony through Sony Entertainment . The company was founded as a division of Associated Television ( ATV ) in 1955 by Lew Grade . In 1985 , Michael Jackson acquired ATV Music Publishing for $ 47.5 million . Paul McCartney , who had told Jackson about the importance of owning publishing , admitted he felt somewhat undercut by the purchase , because ATV Music Publishing owned the publishing rights to most of The Beatles ' songs , although he did not enter the bidding when it came up for sale in 1984 . In December 1995 , Michael Jackson agreed to merge ATV Music Publishing with Sony Music Publishing , a division of Sony Corporation , to form Sony/ATV Music Publishing . In 2012 an investor consortium led by Sony/ATV Music Publishing acquired EMI Music Publishing for approximately $ 2.2 billion . Sony/ATV Music Publishing and EMI Music Publishing now operate as one company , with the former entity administering the catalogue of the latter under a complex business structure . Following the acquisition , the company became the largest music publisher in the world , with a library of over two million songs under its administration . On March 14 , 2016 , Sony announced that it had reached a deal to acquire the Jackson estate 's stake in the company . The deal was completed on September 30 , 2016 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "5e3cb949a954c44e19c1efdf7d48db35", "text": "Ford Motor Company The Ford Motor Company ( commonly referred to simply as `` Ford '' ) is an American multinational automaker headquartered in Dearborn , Michigan , a suburb of Detroit . It was founded by Henry Ford and incorporated on June 16 , 1903 . The company sells automobiles and commercial vehicles under the Ford brand and most luxury cars under the Lincoln brand . Ford also owns Brazilian SUV manufacturer , Troller , and Australian performance car manufacturer FPV . In the past , it has also produced tractors and automotive components . Ford owns an 8 % stake in Aston Martin of the United Kingdom , and a 49 % stake in Jiangling of China . It also has a number of joint-ventures , one in China ( Changan Ford ) , one in Taiwan ( Ford Lio Ho ) , one in Thailand ( AutoAlliance Thailand ) , one in Turkey ( Ford Otosan ) , and one in Russia ( Ford Sollers ) . It is listed on the New York Stock Exchange and is controlled by the Ford family , although they have minority ownership ( but majority of the voting power ) . Ford introduced methods for large-scale manufacturing of cars and large-scale management of an industrial workforce using elaborately engineered manufacturing sequences typified by moving assembly lines ; by 1914 , these methods were known around the world as Fordism . Ford 's former UK subsidiaries Jaguar and Land Rover , acquired in 1989 and 2000 respectively , were sold to Tata Motors in March 2008 . Ford owned the Swedish automaker Volvo from 1999 to 2010 . In 2011 , Ford discontinued the Mercury brand , under which it had marketed entry-level luxury cars in the United States , Canada , Mexico , and the Middle East since 1938 . During the financial crisis at the beginning of the 21st century , it was close to bankruptcy , but it has since returned to profitability . Ford is the second-largest U.S.-based automaker ( preceded by General Motors ) and the fifth-largest in the world ( behind Toyota , VW , Hyundai-Kia and General Motors ) based on 2015 vehicle production . At the end of 2010 , Ford was the fifth largest automaker in Europe . Ford is the eighth-ranked overall American-based company in the 2010 Fortune 500 list , based on global revenues in 2009 of $ 118.3 billion . In 2008 , Ford produced 5.532 million automobiles and employed about 213,000 employees at around 90 plants and facilities worldwide . The company went public in 1956 but the Ford family , through special Class B shares , still retain 40 percent voting rights .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "d2cc98c31041c045ba7c1b7e90e9965d", "text": "Ford Festiva The Ford Festiva is a subcompact car that was marketed by Ford between 1986 and 2002 . Festiva was sold in Japan , the Americas , and Australasia . The name `` Festiva '' is derived from the Spanish word for `` festive '' . It was not related to the similarly sized and named Ford Fiesta , and was not replaced by the Ford Ka , which is smaller . Designed by Mazda using the DA platform and B series inline-four engines , the Festiva continued the trend of Fords built and designed by Mazda for the Asia-Pacific market such as the Laser and Telstar . South Korean first generation sales began in 1987 under the name Kia Pride , assembled by Kia under license . Australasia and Europe received the first version between 1987 and 1991 as the `` Mazda 121 '' . After 1991 , Australasian sales occurred under the `` Ford Festiva '' name , while European sales continued under the name `` Kia Pride '' . Kia ended production of the Pride in 2000 , although SAIPA of Iran has produced this model in various forms since 2001 . This ongoing production has been in parallel to the second generation Festiva introduced in 1993 , sold as the Ford Aspire in North America and Kia Avella in South Korea and other markets . Although these second generations models were withdrawn in 2000 , a third generation was sold between 1996 and 2002 in Japan as a badge-engineered version of the Mazda Demio .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68f56b68827dbde78574c8f4b3b93626", "text": "Hyundai Marine & Fire Insurance Marine & Fire Insurance Company , colloquially Hyundai Haesang or `` Hyundai Marine '' ) is a marine , fire , and automobile insurance company established in 1955 . Its headquarters are in Jongno-gu , Seoul , South Korea . Hyundai Marine is the second-largest private insurer in Korea and the nation 's largest writer of insurance through independent agents . Hyundai Marine writes insurance in Korea , United States , Japan and China . The latter is Hyundai Marine & Fire 's largest subsidiary . It has been awarded an A - -LSB- Excellent -RSB- rating from A.M. Best for six consecutive years and an affirmed BBB + rating from S&P . Hi-Car and Hi-Life are its major brands . It works through more than 5,000 independent agencies throughout Korea , the United States , Japan , and China . The Hyundai Marine & Fire Insurance Group has 8 subsidiaries . The company operates modified Hyundai and Kia Cars called Indepenent Response Vehicles . .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1856a66d6c0e12e3c142c0f57414245f", "text": "Tianjin FAW Tianjin FAW ( officially Tianjin FAW Xiali Automobile Co. , Ltd. ) is an automobile company based in Tianjin , China and a subsidiary of FAW Group . Its principal activity is the design , development , manufacture and distribution of automobiiles sold under the Xiali and Vita marques . It is listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange . Tianjin FAW was founded in 1965 and was originally considered one of the `` three smalls '' of the Chinese automotive industry , together with Guangzhou Honda and Beijing . Tianjin FAW moved into third place in the Chinese market in 1997 . By 2000 they were in second place , in spite of the low quality of their products . Tianjin FAW has since lost market share to several new Chinese automobile manufacturers . Tianjin FAW operates a joint venture with Toyota , Tianjin FAW Toyota Motor Co. , Ltd. , which produces Toyota passenger cars for the Chinese market including the Corolla , Crown , Reiz and Vios .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2b8e88e1e5547bb8dc248b998286c3c", "text": "Yat Ming Yat Ming ( formerly called Yatming ) , is a die-cast car model maker , much like Matchbox . The company is based in Hong Kong . Yat Ming Industrial Factory Ltd was founded in 1970 by Mr. Wai Ming Lam . Yat in Chinese means `` best or number one '' . The Ming portion came from the founder 's `` middle name '' . The company started out making muscle cars , European sedans , and transport trucks from the USA in the early 1970s . In the mid 1970s , JRI . Inc. ( Road Champs ) purchased the tractor trailer designs from Yatming and began marketing them under the Road Champs name in the 1980s . In the late 1990s , the company moved towards making more realistic models , and moved away from its toy-maker roots .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "238ca5ee63fb4cffad25c8180ef62bfb", "text": "Ford Transcontinental The Ford Transcontinental is a heavy goods vehicle tractor and rigid unit that was manufactured between 1975 and 1984 by Ford Europe in the Netherlands and Britain . A total of 8735 units were produced , 8231 in Amsterdam and another 504 at the Foden VAP in Sandbach , Cheshire UK . Assembled almost entirely from bought in OEM component parts ( e.g. , cab shell from Berliet , engine from Cummins , transmission from Eaton ) it was introduced to fill a perceived gap in the market in anticipation of the relaxation of weight restrictions on HGVs , and as such had a very strong chassis and heavy duty suspension . The Berliet KB 2400 cab was also used by Renault for their R-series . Recognizable by its high cab , it was an extremely advanced vehicle for its time offering a high standard of driver comfort and a high power output for its time , courtesy of the well proven 14 litre Cummins engine with typical outputs of 290-350 HP . The engines were originally of the Cummins NTC generation , but were gradually updated to the new `` big-cam '' ( NTE ) generation - a process completed by 1979 . Also , the Ford Transcontinental is noted for having oil and water meters on the dashboard , another example of the unit being ahead of its time . Sales did not live up to expectations , mainly because the tractor unit with its heavy duty construction was too heavy for the 32 ton weight limit in the UK at the time , although it was a popular vehicle with drivers , particularly those who were engaged on long distance continental work . The model was updated continuously , with much work carried out to lighten the heavy chassis . Today the Transcontinental is a particularly rare vehicle , much in favour with collectors of vintage commercials , although a few do remain in revenue earning service throughout Europe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40d37d21d0bb0eb4700077b346bdcbea", "text": "Ford Mustang The Ford Mustang is an American automobile manufactured by Ford . It was originally based on the platform of the second generation North American Ford Falcon , a compact car . The original 1962 Ford Mustang I two-seater concept car had evolved into the 1963 Mustang II four-seater concept car which Ford used to pretest how the public would take interest in the first production Mustang . The 1963 Mustang II concept car was designed with a variation of the production model 's front and rear ends with a roof that was 2.7 inches shorter . Introduced early on April 17 , 1964 , ( 16 days after the Plymouth Barracuda ) and thus dubbed as a `` 1964 1/2 '' by Mustang fans , the 1965 Mustang was the automaker 's most successful launch since the Model A . The Mustang has undergone several transformations to its current sixth generation . The Mustang created the `` pony car '' class of American automobiles , affordable sporty coupes with long hoods and short rear decks and gave rise to competitors such as the Chevrolet Camaro , Pontiac Firebird , AMC Javelin , Chrysler 's revamped Plymouth Barracuda , and the first generation Dodge Challenger . The Mustang is also credited for inspiring the designs of coupés such as the Toyota Celica and Ford Capri , which were imported to the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "96d04bed6608df191090a4571b39d67f", "text": "Dadi Auto Dadi Auto ( officially Dadi Automobile Group Co. , Ltd. ) is a pickup truck and heavy-duty truck manufacturing company headquartered in Baoding , China . Formerly a military automobile maker , Baoding Dadi assembled their first civil pickup in 1988 . Currently their product line-up mirrors that of Great Wall Motor and Zhongxing . The company claims a production capacity of 50,000 units per year , but this figure may conflate engines and whole vehicles . The company has since then stopped manufacturing passenger cars , and has been focusing on the commercial vehicle market .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "559c924bd68875cac6844d8fd6ba0b3a", "text": "Taiwanization Taiwanization , also known as the Taiwanese localization movement , is a conceptual term used in Taiwan to emphasize the importance of a ( separate ) Taiwanese culture , society , economy , nationality , and identity rather than to regard Taiwan as solely an appendage of China . This involves the teaching of the history of Taiwan , geography , and culture from a Taiwan-centric perspective , as well as promoting languages locally established in Taiwan , including Taiwanese Hokkien ( Taiwanese ) , Hakka , and aboriginal languages . Originally part of the Taiwan independence movement and related to the Taiwan Name Rectification Campaign , some of Taiwanization 's aims are now endorsed by some supporters of Chinese Unification on Taiwan . The localization movement has been expressed in forms such as the use of language or dialect in the broadcast media and entire channels devoted to aboriginal and Hakka affairs . Textbooks have been rewritten by scholars to more prominently emphasize Taiwan . The political compromise that has been reached is to teach both the history of Taiwan and the history of mainland China . Some Taiwanese-owned companies or organizations established in earlier times have names containing the words `` China '' or `` Chinese '' . They have been encouraged in recent years to change the word `` China '' in their names to `` Taiwan '' as an act of Taiwanization . This campaign for changing the names is known as the `` Name Rectification Campaign '' or `` Taiwan Name Rectification '' . Many Taiwan-based companies in international sectors already identify themselves as `` Taiwan '' - based for clarity 's sake . This keeps international customers from confusing them with an enterprise based in the People 's Republic of China . Other Taiwan-based companies decline to change to a `` Taiwanese '' name because of expense or the political views held by important clients and company leaders .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cf22d17a621336074a95fe8c61cd3fa2", "text": "Foton Motor Beiqi Foton Motor Co. , Ltd. ( Foton Motor or Foton ) is a Chinese company which designs and manufactures trucks , buses , sport utility vehicles and agricultural machinery . It is headquartered in Changping , Beijing and is a subsidiary of BAIC Group . Foton makes commercial trucks in a joint venture with Daimler AG , called Beijing Foton Daimler Automobile Co. , Ltd. , which sells its products under the `` Auman '' brand name .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ec8013b019a7274d2aa14a84e522757", "text": "List of largest Chinese companies This article lists the largest companies in China in terms of their revenue , net profit and total assets , according to the American business magazines Fortune and Forbes . In 2014 , Fortune '' 's Global 500 list of the world 's largest corporations included 95 Chinese companies , with combined revenues of US$ 5.8 trillion . That same year , Forbes '' reported that five of the world 's ten largest public companies were Chinese , including the world 's largest bank by total assets , the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China . Many of China 's largest companies are state-owned enterprises , due to the significant presence of the governing Chinese Communist Party in the national economy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a20db91c67854c6069009c3bcac1ce5", "text": "Buick Buick ( -LSB- ` bjuː.ɪk -RSB- ) , formally the Buick Motor Division , is an upscale automobile brand of the American manufacturer General Motors ( GM ) . For much of its existence in the North American market , Buick has been marketed as a premium automobile brand , selling luxury vehicles positioned above GM 's mainstream brands , e.g. Chevrolet , while below the flagship luxury Cadillac division . Buick-branded vehicles are also known for reliability , ranking high for reliability in Consumer Reports ' brand reliability rankings . Buick has the distinction of being the oldest active American marque of automobile , and was the company that established General Motors in 1908 . Before the establishment of General Motors , GM founder William C. Durant had served as Buick 's general manager and major investor . Buick also has the distinction of being the first automobile maker in the world to equip its cars with overhead valve engines , which it did starting in 1904 . In 2015 , Buick sold 1,231,941 vehicles , a record for the brand . The main market is in China , where 80 % of Buick-branded automobiles are sold . Buicks are also sold in the United States , Canada , and Mexico . Since restructuring in 2009 , GM has also started to share technology , vehicles and development between Buick and GM 's European Opel division .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "281ff657e7f49e36fbe98cc909772e0a", "text": "Mahindra Renault Limited Mahindra Renault Limited was a joint venture between India 's largest utility vehicle manufacturer Mahindra & Mahindra Limited & Renault S.A. of France ( 51 % & 49 % respectively ) . The joint venture was formed in 2007 . On April 15 . 2010 Mahindra & Mahindra and Renault together announced restructuring plans by which Mahindra would buy Renault 's share in the joint venture and Renault would continue to provide the support for M&M through license agreement and continue to be supplier of key components .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "63f9797472ae3dbb550ae4083e6260f0", "text": "1949 Ford The 1949 Ford was an American automobile produced by Ford . It was the first all-new automobile design introduced by the Big Three after World War II , civilian production having been suspended during the war , and the 1946-1948 models from Ford , GM , and Chrysler being updates of their pre-war models . Popularly called the `` Shoebox Ford '' for its slab-sided , `` ponton '' design , the 1949 Ford is credited both with saving Ford and ushering in modern streamlined car design with changes such as integrated fenders and more . The design would continue through the 1951 model year . After sticking with its well-received previous model through model year 1948 , Ford completely redesigned its namesake car for the year 1949 . Save for its drive-train , this was an all-new car in every way , with a modern ladder frame now supporting a coil spring independent suspension in front and longitudinal semi-elliptical springs in back . The engine was moved forward to make more room in the passenger compartment and the antiquated `` torque tube '' was replaced by a modern drive shaft . Ford 's popular 226 CID ( 3.7 L ) L-head straight-6 and 239 CID ( 3.9 L ) Flathead V8 remained , now rated at 90 hp ( 67 kW ) and 100 hp ( 75 kW ) , respectively .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6981716fdcea288d212650fb9e1c2b37", "text": "Autolatina AutoLatina was the name of a joint venture between Volkswagen Group subsidiary Volkswagen do Brasil and Ford Motor Company subsidiary Ford do Brasil in South America . The main reason was the bad economic situation at the time that made joint survival more attractive than an individual fight for a share in a dwindling market . Four divisions - Ford of Argentina , Ford do Brasil ( Ford of Brasil ) , Volkswagen Argentina , and Volkswagen do Brasil - formed AutoLatina in 1987 . Volkswagen had 51 % of the company and Ford 49 % ; Volkswagen managed the Car Division , and Ford the Truck Division . This resulted in the two companies sharing badge engineered models . These included : Ford Verona / Volkswagen Apollo Ford Escort Mk V / Volkswagen Pointer Ford Orion / Volkswagen Logus Volkswagen Santana / Ford Galaxy/Versailles Volkswagen Quantum / Ford Royale The AutoLatina venture was dissolved in 1995 , with the improvement of the economic situation , the respective companies resuming their activities separately .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f548103d57ec0e15ec1d8b4ad104c7c1", "text": "Li & Fung Li & Fung Limited is a global supply chain manager primarily for US and EU brands , department stores , hypermarkets , specialty stores , catalogue-led companies , and ecommerce sites . Li & Fung was founded in 1906 in modern-day Guangzhou and is headquartered in Hong Kong . As of 2016 , apparel makes up around two-thirds of the business , with furniture and home furnishings , beauty and personal care products , fashion accessories and general merchandising , such as seasonal gifts , constituting the rest . Today , Li & Fung employs about 22,000 people worldwide . It does product design and development , raw materials and factory sourcing and capacity building , vendor compliance and distribution . It has over 250 offices in 40 markets . It works with 15,000 suppliers to service 8,000 customers . On 13 February 2017 , it is no more a constituent of Hang Seng Index .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df92e035e0f203b9ce577329e4cf5adc", "text": "China–France relations China -- France relations , also known as Sino-French relations or Franco-Chinese relations , refers to the interstate relations between China and France ( Kingdom or later ) . Note that the meaning of both `` China '' and `` France '' as entities has changed throughout history ; this article will discuss what was commonly considered ` France ' and ` China ' at the time of the relationships in question . There have been many political , cultural and economic relationships between the two countries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45b265f14064c0e75c18a0eb3816bfa5", "text": "1950s American automobile culture 1950s American automobile culture has had an enduring influence on the culture of the United States , as reflected in popular music , major trends from the 1950s and mainstream acceptance of the `` hot rod '' culture . The American manufacturing economy switched from producing war-related items to consumer goods at the end of World War II , and by the end of the 1950s , one in six working Americans were employed either directly or indirectly in the automotive industry . The United States became the world 's largest manufacturer of automobiles , and Henry Ford 's goal of 30 years earlier -- that any man with a good job should be able to afford an automobile -- was achieved . A new generation of service businesses focusing on customers with their automobiles sprang up during the decade , including drive-through or drive-in restaurants and more drive-in theaters ( cinemas ) . The decade began with 25 million registered automobiles on the road , most of which predated World War II and were in poor condition ; no automobiles or parts were produced during the war owing to rationing and restrictions . By 1950 , most factories had made the transition to a consumer-based economy , and more than 8 million cars were produced that year alone . By 1958 , there were more than 67 million cars registered in the United States , more than twice the number at the start of the decade . As part of the U.S. national defenses , to support military transport , the National Highway System was expanded with Interstate highways , beginning in 1955 , across many parts of the United States . The wider , multi-lane highways allowed traffic to move at faster speeds , with few or no stoplights on the way . The wide-open spaces along the highways became a basis for numerous billboards showing advertisements . The dawning of the Space Age and Space Race were reflected in contemporary American automotive styling . Large tailfins , flowing designs reminiscent of rockets , and radio antennas that imitated Sputnik 1 were common , owing to the efforts of design pioneers such as Harley Earl .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "32afb183910c04cb858cdc6701ef89b6", "text": "Wayne Stamping & Assembly The Wayne Stamping and Assembly Plant is a Ford manufacturing plant in Wayne , Michigan , United States producing Ford Focus and Ford C-Max vehicles . Many of its more than 3,000 employees are represented by UAW Local 900 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fcf15114674426767df11752a4e3de17", "text": "Aurica Motors Aurica Motors , LLC is a start-up based out of Santa Clara , California that develops a proprietary electronic power train called the Aurica Recurve for electric cars . The company has stated its intention to partner with other investors to manufacture electric cars that utilize its electronic power train system . Aurica Motors is an offshoot of Aurica Labs , a research and development company started and funded by physicist Greg Bender . On March 10 , 2010 , Aurica Motors was thrust into the public spotlight with the announcement of its intentions to save the New United Motor Manufacturing , Inc. ( NUMMI ) automotive plant in Fremont , California from completely shutting down . The NUMMI plant , a joint venture between Toyota and General Motors , opened in 1984 as an experiment to determine if unionized Americans could adapt Japanese production management practices . The plant rolled out its last vehicle on April 1 , 2010 , forcing 4,700 factory workers out and likely affecting thousands of part suppliers . In the same March announcement , Aurica also stated its intention to work with the NUMMI workforce to retrain it for electric car development and find financial backing to retool the plant . On May 20 , 2010 , both Tesla Motors and Toyota announced a joint effort to manufacture Tesla 's electric vehicles at the former NUMMI plant . Under the agreement , Toyota bought $ 50 million of common stock from Tesla Motors . Tesla then purchased a portion of the NUMMI property including the plant , with the goal of retrofitting the plant for its future `` smaller third-generation car , '' seemingly putting an end to Aurica 's bid for the NUMMI plant .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53ab370ead23b009b8218af204d235f0", "text": "Chicken tax The chicken tax is a 25 % tariff on potato starch , dextrin , brandy , and light trucks imposed in 1963 by the United States under President Lyndon B. Johnson in response to tariffs placed by France and West Germany on importation of U.S. chicken . The period from 1961 -- 1964 of tensions and negotiations surrounding the issue was known as the `` Chicken War , '' taking place at the height of Cold War politics . Eventually , the tariffs on potato starch , dextrin , and brandy were lifted , but over the next 48 years the light truck tax ossified , remaining in place to protect U.S. domestic automakers from foreign competition ( e.g. , from Japan and Thailand ) . Though concern remains about its repeal , a 2003 Cato Institute study called the tariff `` a policy in search of a rationale . '' As an unintended consequence several importers of light trucks have circumvented the tariff via loopholes -- including Ford ( ostensibly a company that the tax was designed to protect ) , which imported the Transit Connect light trucks as `` passenger vehicles '' to the U.S. from Turkey and immediately strips and shreds portions of their interiors , such as installed rear seats , in a warehouse outside Baltimore -- and Mercedes , which imported complete vans built in Germany , `` disassembled them and shipped the pieces to South Carolina , where American workers put them back together in a small kit assembly building . '' The resulting vehicles emerge as locally manufactured , free from the tariff .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "e084ea2bfca326ec2e52d65a161a8830", "text": "Vincent Cassel Vincent Cassel ( -LSB- vɛ̃sɑ̃ kasɛl -RSB- ; born Vincent Crochon , 23 November 1966 ) is a French actor best known to English-speaking audiences through his film performances in Ocean 's Twelve and Ocean 's Thirteen , as well as Black Swan . Cassel is also renowned for playing the infamous French bank-robber Jacques Mesrine in Mesrine : Killer Instinct and Mesrine : Public Enemy Number One .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "d081a6771f08671d9d920c7a746f9475", "text": "Lucrèce Borgia Lucrèce Borgia ( also known as Lucretia Borgia or Sins of the Borgias ) is a 1953 French drama film starring Martine Carol and Pedro Armendáriz . The film was directed by Christian-Jaque , who co-wrote screenplay with Cécil Saint-Laurent and Jacques Sigurd , based on a novel by Alfred Schirokauer . The film tells the story of the Borgia family of Italy during the Renaissance . It was released on DVD in the US on May 26 , 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d62b83dc5fd0744252d6286fa33f623", "text": "Chicago (2002 film) Chicago is a 2002 American musical crime comedy film based on the musical of the same name , exploring the themes of celebrity , scandal , and corruption in Chicago during the Jazz Age . The film stars Catherine Zeta-Jones , Renée Zellweger and Richard Gere . Chicago centers on Velma Kelly ( Zeta-Jones ) and Roxie Hart ( Zellweger ) , two murderesses who find themselves in jail together awaiting trial in 1920s Chicago . Velma , a vaudevillian , and Roxie , a housewife , fight for the fame that will keep them from the gallows . Directed and choreographed by Rob Marshall , and adapted by screenwriter Bill Condon , with music by John Kander and lyrics by Fred Ebb , Chicago won six Academy Awards in 2003 , including Best Picture . The film was critically lauded , and was the first musical to win Best Picture since Oliver ! in 1968 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f0ca8bfce6836503131b67aae0285ae9", "text": "Svengali (musical) Svengali is a musical with a book and lyrics by Gregory Boyd and music by Frank Wildhorn . It is based on the 1894 novel Trilby by George du Maurier . The title character in this Gothic tale is a vocal coach who uses hypnotism to transform the tone-deaf Trilby into an acclaimed singer and steals her away from Little Billie , a sculptor for whom she has posed . At first the girl can remember nothing about her past , but as her memory slowly returns , she attempts to break free from her possessive mentor . The musical has been staged twice , both times with Chuck Wagner as Svengali and Linda Eder ( Wildhorn 's then future , now ex-wife ) as Trilby . It premiered at the Alley Theatre in Houston , Texas in April 1991 and won the Alton Jones Foundation Award for New American Musicals . It was then produced at the Asolo Repertory Theatre in Sarasota , Florida in October 1991 through November 2 , 1991 . The director was Gregory Boyd . The scenic design by Jerome Sirlin used a bank of slide projectors , creating `` enigmatic images against the backdrop of the stage : the pensive face of a young woman , gargoyles , a cafe scene , brilliant color fields of red , blue , green and gold . '' The costumes were by Jane Suttell and lighting by Howell Binkley . The cast featured Philip Hoffman , Molly Scott as Zou Zou . Of it Wildhorn has said , `` It was great working on it and I hope it will have its day . '' Although a complete cast album has not been released , three of the show 's songs have been recorded . Danny de Munk and Vera Mann dueted on `` So Slowly '' for his CD Danny , and Eder included `` If He Never Said Hello '' and `` Vole Mon Ange '' on her 2003 release Storybook .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45e9fa6eab00c5a68f42b4988adea9c6", "text": "The Saint (film) The Saint is a 1997 espionage thriller DeLuxe Color film in Panavision , starring Val Kilmer in the title role , with Elisabeth Shue and Rade Šerbedžija , directed by Phillip Noyce and written by Jonathan Hensleigh and Wesley Strick . The title character is a high tech thief and master of disguise that becomes the anti-hero while using the moniker of various saints while paradoxically living in the underworld of international industrial theft . The film was a financial success with a worldwide box office of $ 169.4 million , rentals of $ 28.2 million , and continuous DVD sales . It is loosely based on the character of Simon Templar created by Leslie Charteris in 1928 for a series of books published as `` The Saint '' , which ran until 1983 . The Saint character has also featured in a series of Hollywood movies made between 1938 and 1954 , a 1940s radio series starring Vincent Price ( and others ) as Templar , a popular British television series of the 1960s which starred Roger Moore , and a 1970s series starring Ian Ogilvy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2227715adaac58db72d384c04f14eeee", "text": "Voodoo Macbeth The Voodoo Macbeth is a common nickname for the Federal Theatre Project 's 1936 New York production of William Shakespeare 's Macbeth . Orson Welles adapted and directed the production , moved the play 's setting from Scotland to a fictional Caribbean island , recruited an entirely African American cast , and earned the nickname for his production from the Haitian vodou that fulfilled the role of Scottish witchcraft . A box office sensation , the production is regarded as a landmark theatrical event for several reasons : its innovative interpretation of the play , its success in promoting African-American theatre , and its role in securing the reputation of its 20-year-old director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f4d677b656d24ef4f0d023b9df9a553c", "text": "The Willow Pattern The Willow Pattern is a one-act comic opera with a libretto by Basil Hood and music by Cecil Cook . It was first performed at the Savoy Theatre on 14 November 1901 , running for a total of 110 performances until 29 March 1902 . It toured thereafter . The Willow Pattern was a companion piece to Ib and Little Christina ( for 16 performances ) and later Iolanthe ( 94 performances ) . It and was toured in Britain and America . A copy of the printed libretto is in the British Library , at 11778 . f. 23 ( 5 ) . ( 1901 ) . The vocal score was published by Chappells , and a copy is in British Library at F. 690 . j. ( 2 ) -LSB- 1902 -RSB- . A silent film of the legend was made in 1914 , called Story of the Willow Pattern . When the Gilbert and Sullivan partnership disbanded after the production of The Gondoliers in 1889 , impresario Richard D'Oyly Carte and , after his death , his widow Helen Carte , filled the Savoy Theatre with a combination of new works and revivals of the Gilbert and Sullivan operas . The fashion in the late Victorian era and Edwardian era was to present long evenings in the theatre , and so Carte preceded his Savoy operas with curtain raisers , such as The Willow Pattern was , when played with Iolanthe . W. J. MacQueen-Pope commented , concerning such curtain raisers : This was a one-act play , seen only by the early comers . It would play to empty boxes , half-empty upper circle , to a gradually filling stalls and dress circle , but to an attentive , grateful and appreciative pit and gallery . Often these plays were little gems . They deserved much better treatment than they got , but those who saw them delighted in them . ... -LSB- They -RSB- served to give young actors and actresses a chance to win their spurs ... the stalls and the boxes lost much by missing the curtain-raiser , but to them dinner was more important .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bf0ea40283012a956e2262eaaf857d22", "text": "2006 Toronto International Film Festival The 31st Toronto International Film Festival ran from September 7 to September 16 , 2006 . Opening the festival was Zacharias Kunuk and Norman Cohn 's The Journals of Knud Rasmussen , a film that `` explores the history of the Inuit people through the eyes of a father and daughter . '' In a press release dated June 27 , 2006 , twenty-six international film selections were announced which previously premiered at major film festivals worldwide . Of the films announced , twenty-five of them will receive their North American premiere . Among the many anticipated films were Babel by Alejandro González Iñárritu , Volver by Pedro Almodóvar , Election 2 ( a.k.a. Triad Election ) by Johnnie To , The Fountain by Darren Aronofsky and The Host by Bong Joon-ho . Bella took top prize at the 2006 Toronto International Film Festival by winning the highly coveted `` People 's Choice Award '' , a distinction which puts them in the company of such Oscar-winning films as Chariots of Fire , American Beauty , Life Is Beautiful , Crouching Tiger , Hidden Dragon and Hotel Rwanda . Last year 's winner of the `` People 's Choice '' Award , Tsotsi , won an Oscar for best foreign-language film . Bella marks the feature directorial debut for Alejandro Monteverde , who also co-wrote its original screenplay with Patrick Million . Bella features Manuel Perez , Angélica Aragón , Jaime Terelli and Ali Landry . Bella was produced by Sean Wolfington , Eduardo Verastegui , Leo Severino , Alejandro Monteverde and Denise Pinckley and executive produced by J. Eustace Wolfington , Ana Wolfington and Stephen McEveety . The film was financed by producers Sean Wolfingtonand Eustace Wolfington . McEveety ( Braveheart , We Were Soldiers , Passion of the Christ ) consulted on the script and signed on as an Executive Producer to help market the movie . Bella is McEveety 's first release under his nascent Mpower Films moniker and marks his first feature since ankling Mel Gibson 's Icon productions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08457daae1a4893dbe3cf42bcaad6c69", "text": "Seymour Cassel Seymour Joseph Cassel ( born January 22 , 1935 ) is an American actor . Cassel first came to prominence in the 1960s in the pioneering independent films of writer/director John Cassavetes . The first of these was Too Late Blues ( 1961 ) , followed by Faces ( 1968 ) , for which he was nominated for an Academy Award and won a National Society of Film Critics Award . Cassel went on to appear in Cassavetes ' Minnie and Moskowitz ( 1971 ) , The Killing of a Chinese Bookie ( 1976 ) , Opening Night ( 1977 ) and Love Streams ( 1984 ) . He has further appeared in a number of independent and Hollywood film productions . Notable titles include Coogan 's Bluff ( 1968 ) , The Last Tycoon ( 1976 ) , Valentino ( 1977 ) , Johnny Be Good ( 1988 ) , Mobsters ( 1991 ) , In the Soup ( 1992 ) , Honeymoon in Vegas ( 1992 ) , Indecent Proposal ( 1993 ) , Beer League ( 2006 ) and Fort McCoy ( 2011 ) . Like Cassavetes , Wes Anderson has frequently cast Cassel , first in Rushmore ( 1998 ) and then in The Royal Tenenbaums ( 2001 ) and The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou ( 2004 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a6b9d634b1c09fb1eda308173681d04f", "text": "Black Christmas (2006 film) Black Christmas ( abbreviated as Black X-Mas ) is a 2006 American-Canadian slasher film written and directed by Glen Morgan and starring Katie Cassidy , Michelle Trachtenberg , Mary Elizabeth Winstead , Oliver Hudson , Lacey Chabert , Kristen Cloke , and Andrea Martin . The film takes place several days before Christmas , and tells the story of a group of sorority sisters who are stalked and murdered by the house 's former inhabitants during a winter storm . It is a loose remake of the 1974 film of the same name . The film was produced by Morgan and James Wong through their production company Hard Eight Pictures , along with 2929 Productions and Dimension Films , while Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer distributed the film . In December 2006 , upon anticipation of its premiere , the film garnered some criticism from religious groups due to its graphic content in a holiday setting , as well as the distributor 's decision to release the film on Christmas Day in the United States . The film opened in the United Kingdom on December 15 , 2006 , and , despite backlash from some religious organizations , opened in US theaters on Christmas Day .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6696c9eb29d9dfc09fbe3db2c3358469", "text": "Fearless Tiger Fearless Tiger ( called Black Pearls in some countries ) is a 1991 Canadian martial arts movie , directed by Ron Hulme .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ccd1f6917e7da5a86046ef187c814d4f", "text": "A Dangerous Method A Dangerous Method is a 2011 German-Canadian-American-British historical film directed by David Cronenberg and starring Keira Knightley , Viggo Mortensen , Michael Fassbender , and Vincent Cassel . The screenplay was adapted by writer Christopher Hampton from his 2002 stage play The Talking Cure , which was based on the 1993 non-fiction book by John Kerr , A Most Dangerous Method : The story of Jung , Freud , and Sabina Spielrein . The film marks the third consecutive collaboration between Cronenberg and Viggo Mortensen ( after A History of Violence and Eastern Promises ) . This is also the third Cronenberg film made with British film producer Jeremy Thomas , after completing together the William Burroughs adaptation Naked Lunch and the J. G. Ballard adaptation Crash . A Dangerous Method was a German/Canadian co-production . The film premiered at the 68th Venice Film Festival and was also featured at the 2011 Toronto International Film Festival . Set on the eve of World War I , A Dangerous Method describes the turbulent relationships between Carl Jung , founder of analytical psychology ; Sigmund Freud , founder of the discipline of psychoanalysis ; and Sabina Spielrein , initially a patient of Jung and later a physician and one of the first female psychoanalysts . Among the film 's many honors , Mortensen was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor -- Motion Picture for his portrayal of Freud .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "168c90fc76278aa26a5551b4fb6c581e", "text": "Black Sunday (1960 film) Black Sunday ( Italian : La maschera del demonio ) -- also known as The Mask of Satan and Revenge of the Vampire -- is a 1960 Italian gothic horror film directed by Mario Bava , from a screenplay by Ennio de Concini , Mario Serandrei and Marcello Coscia ( who was uncredited ) . The film stars Barbara Steele , John Richardson , Arturo Dominici and Ivo Garrani . It was Bava 's directorial debut , although he had completed several previous feature films without credit . Based very loosely on Nikolai Gogol 's short story `` Viy '' , the narrative concerns a witch who is put to death by her own brother , only to return 200 years later to seek revenge on her descendants . By the social standards of the 1960s , Black Sunday was considered unusually gruesome , and was banned in the UK until 1968 because of its violence . In the U.S. , some of the gore was censored , in-house , by the distributor American International Pictures before its theatrical release to the country 's cinemas , where it was shown as a double feature with Roger Corman 's The Little Shop of Horrors . Despite the censorship , Black Sunday was a worldwide critical and box office success , and launched the careers of director Mario Bava and movie star Barbara Steele . In 2004 , one of its sequences was voted number 40 among the `` 100 Scariest Movie Moments '' by the Bravo TV network .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6393379a161af4a8f2076fb292bb034f", "text": "Black (2015 Indian film) Black is an Indo-Bangla Bengali crime action film directed by Raja Chanda , and stars Soham Chakraborty and Bidya Sinha Mim in lead roles . The film was jointly produced by Viacom 18 Motion Pictures and Dag Creative Media and was released on 27 November 2015 . The film revolves around a man named , Biltu , who takes vengeance to those who framed his father ( a police officer ) with false charges and as a result the latter commits suicide to get rid of this humiliation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "97bbb2d64ecbf3fb10dcbfd0f9253f13", "text": "Vinnie Mele Vinnie Mele ( born as Vincenzo Seraphino Mele , February 17 , 1977 ) is an American singer , actor , composer , and instrumentalist . His style is influenced by the blues , southern rock , reggae , and country music . Mele 's songs contain humor and pop culture references .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f473c702189bf20dee62a2fb64e90490", "text": "Black light theatre Black Light Theatre ( in Czech černé divadlo ) or simply Black Theatre , is a theatrical performance style characterized by the use of black box theatre augmented by black light illusion . This form of theatre originated from Asia and can be found in many places around the world . It has become a speciality of Prague , where many theatres use it . The distinctive characteristics of `` black theatre '' are the use of black curtains , a darkened stage , and `` black lighting '' ( UV light ) , paired with fluorescent costumes in order to create intricate visual illusions . This `` black cabinet '' technique was used by Georges Méliès , and by theatre revolutionary Konstantin Stanislavski ( especially in his production of Cain ) . The technique , paired with the expressive artistry of dance , mime and acrobatics of the performers is able to create remarkable spectacles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f47b9f1e350e975f128b03b8a5a664b", "text": "Cyril Frankel Cyril Frankel ( born 28 December 1921 ) is a retired British film and television director . His career in television began in 1953 and he directed for over 30 TV programmes until 1990 . He was born in Stoke Newington , London . He directed many episodes of popular British TV shows , such as The Avengers , and the pilot episodes of the ITC Entertainment shows Randall and Hopkirk ( Deceased ) and Department S in 1969 . In 1970 , he directed `` Timelash '' , an episode of UFO , which he described as a very interesting script and one of his personal favourites . Frankel also directed many documentaries and feature films , including Never Take Sweets from a Stranger ( 1960 ) and School for Scoundrels ( 1960 ; taking over from Robert Hamer , who was credited as sole director ) . One of his films , Man of Africa ( 1953 ) - the first film to feature a cast made up of relatively unknown black actors - was not released and was lost for some time . A complete copy has since been discovered and has been screened at a number of international film festivals . In terms of documentaries , Frankel supervised some of the films that were broadcast for the BBC arts series Monitor ( 1958 -- 65 ) , among which was the first ballet programme to be filmed and edited to the choreography . Prior to his retirement , he became the ceramics expert for Bonhams auction house . A book , Modern Pots : Hans Coper , Lucie Rie and their Contemporaries - The Lisa Sainsbury Collection , was co-authored by Frankel and published in 2000 . His memoir , Eye to Eye , was published by Bank House Books in 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ea482262b6da8a6a3dac6a0ba91e8f4", "text": "La Séparation La Séparation is a 1994 French romantic drama film directed by Christian Vincent and based on the novel La Séparation by Dan Franck .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ced4a17ffa46899dcd80ec782a1d09f", "text": "Viva Bianca Viva Bianca ( born Viva Skubiszewski , -LSB- skuːbɪʃɛvski -RSB- -LSB- skubiʂɛfski -RSB- ) is an Australian actress best known for her role as Ilithyia on the Starz network series Spartacus : Blood and Sand and Spartacus : Vengeance . Bianca graduated from the Western Australian Academy of Performing Arts where she received a best actress award . She is the daughter of Cezary Skubiszewski , a Polish Australian composer for film , television and orchestra . Bianca cites Cate Blanchett and Heath Ledger as Australian actors who have influenced her .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "31095dc15790d96977d92ed365422ab7", "text": "Macbeth (1979 film) Macbeth is a 1979 videotaped version of Trevor Nunn 's Royal Shakespeare Company production of the play by William Shakespeare . Produced by Thames Television , it features Ian McKellen as Macbeth and Judi Dench as Lady Macbeth . The TV version was directed by Philip Casson . The original stage production was performed at The Other Place , the RSC 's small studio theatre in Stratford-upon-Avon . It had been performed in the round before small audiences , with a bare stage and simple costuming . The recording preserves this style : the actors perform on a circular set and with a mostly black background ; changes of setting are indicated only by lighting changes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1a9860adc58e939761be99281039ec71", "text": "The Black Pimpernel The Black Pimpernel ( Svarta nejlikan El Clavel negro ) is a Swedish drama film directed by Ulf Hultberg and starring Michael Nyqvist and Lisa Werlinder . The film also features Kate Del Castillo , Luis Gnecco and Claire Ross-Brown in a minor part . The film is about Harald Edelstam , Sweden 's ambassador to Chile , who after the military coup of Augusto Pinochet in 1973 , managed to save the lives of more than 1,300 people by taking them to his embassy and transporting them to Sweden . His name comes from the fictional hero The Scarlet Pimpernel who saved many lives during the French Revolution . The film was shot in Chile in the spring of 2006 and opened September 14 , 2007 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "9820c7f1490cb03d8ed47279a586963c", "text": "Machete (character) Isador Cortez , also known as Machete , is a fictional character in the four Spy Kids films , the Grindhouse fake trailer , and the Machete and Machete Kills films . The character is played by Danny Trejo .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "98a2079b0b44e245effbe1b6f948c6ba", "text": "Machinima Machinima ( -LSB- məˈʃiːnᵻmə -RSB- or -LSB- məˈʃɪnᵻmə -RSB- ) is the use of real-time computer graphics engines to create a cinematic production . Most often video games are used to generate the computer animation . Machinima-based artists , sometimes called machinimists or machinimators , are often fan laborers , by virtue of their re-use of copyrighted materials ( see below ) . Machinima offers to provide an archive of gaming performance and access to the look and feel of software and hardware that may already have become unavailable or even obsolete ; for game studies , `` Machinima 's gestures grant access to gaming 's historical conditions of possibility and how machinima offers links to a comparative horizon that informs , changes , and fully participates in videogame culture . '' The practice of using graphics engines from video games arose from the animated software introductions of the 1980s demoscene , Disney Interactive Studios ' 1992 video game Stunt Island , and 1990s recordings of gameplay in first-person shooter ( FPS ) video games , such as id Software 's Doom and Quake . Originally , these recordings documented speedruns -- attempts to complete a level as quickly as possible -- and multiplayer matches . The addition of storylines to these films created `` Quake movies '' . The more general term machinima , a portmanteau of machine cinema , arose when the concept spread beyond the Quake series to other games and software . After this generalization , machinima appeared in mainstream media , including television series and advertisements . Machinima has advantages and disadvantages when compared to other styles of filmmaking . Its relative simplicity over traditional frame-based animation limits control and range of expression . Its real-time nature favors speed , cost saving , and flexibility over the higher quality of pre-rendered computer animation . Virtual acting is less expensive , dangerous , and physically restricted than live action . Machinima can be filmed by relying on in-game artificial intelligence ( AI ) or by controlling characters and cameras through digital puppetry . Scenes can be precisely scripted , and can be manipulated during post-production using video editing techniques . Editing , custom software , and creative cinematography may address technical limitations . Game companies have provided software for and have encouraged machinima , but the widespread use of digital assets from copyrighted games has resulted in complex , unresolved legal issues . Machinima productions can remain close to their gaming roots and feature stunts or other portrayals of gameplay . Popular genres include dance videos , comedy , and drama . Alternatively , some filmmakers attempt to stretch the boundaries of the rendering engines or to mask the original 3-D context . The Academy of Machinima Arts & Sciences ( AMAS ) , a non-profit organization dedicated to promoting machinima , recognizes exemplary productions through Mackie awards given at its annual Machinima Film Festival . Some general film festivals accept machinima , and game companies , such as Epic Games , Blizzard Entertainment and Jagex , have sponsored contests involving it .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c8b768ffbbe2d25ca4e81d05b058785", "text": "Mike Cochrane Mike Cochrane is a musician and an actor . Cochrane played in bands such as Train , Shango and many other bands in the 1970s . Mike 's band Train was the `` House Band '' at Gazzarris on the Sunset Strip from 1971 through 1972 . This is where Mike met Edward James Olmos and Rick Vito , who were in a band called `` The Pacific Ocean '' . Mike also played on many recording sessions for Warner Bros. in the 70s and also played with Tim Bogert and Mickey McMeel in a power treo for a while . Mike also did his first acting job as a second engineer in the movie The Rose with Bette Midler and Alan Bates . In the 80 's , Mike continued to play in bands including , Exhibit A , The Zone , Craby Appleton ( With Michael Fennelly ) , Spencer Davis , UXB , Reach , and a couple of new versions of Train , as well as continuing to do studio work . Mike is now acting and can be seen on such shows as My Name Is Earl , Dexter , CSI : Crime Scene Investigation , The Riches , Monk , ER , Weeds , Moonlight , CSI : NY , and Flaked . He also can be seen in the movies Beerfest , Blades of Glory , Epic Movie , Spider-Man 3 , Hancock and Iron Man .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "97c8b0dd9879ae416ec5b6100cd85bd0", "text": "Muleta A muleta is a stick with a red cloth hanging from it that is used in the final third ( tercio de muleta or de muerte ) of a bullfight . It is different from the cape used by the matador earlier in the fight ( capote de brega ) . The muleta obscures the sword , and as in his earlier work with the cape , the bullfighter uses it to attract the bull in a series of passes , demonstrating his control over it . The red color of the muleta is actually unnecessary , though , as bulls are dichromatic , meaning neither the cape nor the muleta color can be accurately discerned by the bull . The color is retained merely for tradition . There are a number of distinct styles of pass , each with its own name . With the cape , for instance , the verónica is a pass in which the matador slowly swings the cape away from the charging bull while keeping his feet in the same position . The faena is the final series of passes before the kill , in which the matador uses the muleta to manoeuvre the bull into a position to stab it between the shoulders , cutting the aorta . If this fails he must then cut the bull 's spinal cord with a second sword , killing it instantly . The task of killing the bull is given to the matador alone ; his title means literally `` killer '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e089bb44497b5bc4fc24384c916d2473", "text": "Da Lou Louise Cristine Machado ( Rio de Janeiro , September 16 , 1983 ) is a singer and songwriter of Brazilian Pop rock . Former participant of Joinville Dance Festival and Choral Univille , selected with the Collective XYZ group for Collective Artists 40th , monitors the Bienal de Porto Alegre and art teacher . Louise Cristine Machado has done a bit of everything to show how multi-talented , but his true calling is the same in music . Adept of the guitar since the age of 17 , he recorded his first single `` A Noite '' in partnership with producer Rick Bonadio .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d014d1a7ba8c321c01b039759b68e9a4", "text": "Sword replica Sword replicas may be produced as a singular reproduction of a specific historical sword , e.g. commissioned by a museum , or they may be produced commercially in series , again either based on a specific sword , a certain historical type of sword , or an original design loosely based on historical precedents . Functional quality reproductions even when produced in series may be priced in the USD/EUR 1,000 to 2,000 range or above , while cheap factory produced swords may range around USD/EUR 50 to 200 . The purpose of the replica may be either exhibition ( educational museum replicas , or simply decorative `` wallhangers '' ) , or practical use ( historical fencing , combat reenactment , kenjutsu/batt ōjutsu or test cutting ) . In the case of decorative replicas , the product need not be able to withstand the physical stress of actual use , resulting in lower cost . Such decorative look-alikes are also pejoratively referred to as `` sword-like objects '' ( or SLOs ) in jargon , especially when falsely advertised . Swords intended for historical fencing on the other hand should ideally come as closely as possible to historical weapons ( but remain unsharpened to avoid injury ) . Swords used for test cutting are sharpened , and are often heavier than their historical counterparts , since added weight improves their cutting effect at the expense of agility ( cf. the historical executioner 's swords ) . Swords used for combat reenactment often have rounded points to reduce the risk of injury , and are also often much heavier than their historical counterparts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "00b2d2ed73c0c98251fb580fc8e5e60c", "text": "Buckethead Brian Patrick Carroll ( born May 13 , 1969 ) , known professionally as Buckethead , is an American guitarist and multi-instrumentalist who has worked within many genres of music . He has released 294 studio albums , four special releases and one EP . He has also performed on more than 50 other albums by other artists . His music spans many diverse areas such as progressive metal , funk , blues , Heavy Metal , bluegrass , ambient , and avant-garde music . Buckethead is famous for wearing a KFC bucket on his head , emblazoned with an orange bumper sticker reading FUNERAL in capital black block letters , and an expressionless plain white mask , which , according to Buckethead , was inspired by his seeing Halloween 4 : The Return of Michael Myers . At one point , he changed to a plain white bucket that no longer bore the KFC logo , but subsequently reverted to his trademark KFC bucket . He also incorporates nunchaku and robot dancing into his stage performances . As an instrumentalist , Buckethead has received critical acclaim for his electric guitar playing , and is considered one of today 's more innovative guitarists . He has been voted number 8 on a list in GuitarOne magazine of the `` Top 10 Fastest Guitar Shredders of All Time '' as well as being included in Guitar Worlds lists of the `` 25 all-time weirdest guitarists '' and the `` 50 fastest guitarists of all time '' . He performs primarily as a solo artist , though he has collaborated extensively with a wide variety of high-profile artists such as Bill Laswell , Bootsy Collins , Bernie Worrell , Iggy Pop , Les Claypool , Serj Tankian , Bill Moseley , Mike Patton , Viggo Mortensen , That 1 Guy , Bassnectar , and was a member of Guns N ' Roses from 2000 to 2004 . Buckethead has also written and performed music for major motion pictures , including : Saw II , Ghosts of Mars , Beverly Hills Ninja , Mortal Kombat , Mortal Kombat : Annihilation , Last Action Hero , and contributed lead guitar to the track `` Firebird '' featured on the Mighty Morphin Power Rangers : The Movie soundtrack .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6cac20fbcb72dadc9988513ba6edb026", "text": "MC Magic Marcus Cardenas , better known by his stage name MC Magic , is a Hispanic rapper , songwriter and record producer , known for rapping and singing , both in English and Spanish .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad47dc43670072898442977a55502324", "text": "Character (arts) A character ( sometimes known as a fictional character ) is a person or other being in a narrative work of art ( such as a novel , play , television series , or film ) . The character may be entirely fictional or based on a real-life person , in which case the distinction of a `` fictional '' versus `` real '' character may be made . Derived from the ancient Greek word χαρακτήρ , the English word dates from the Restoration , although it became widely used after its appearance in Tom Jones in 1749 . From this , the sense of `` a part played by an actor '' developed . Character , particularly when enacted by an actor in the theatre or cinema , involves `` the illusion of being a human person . '' In literature , characters guide readers through their stories , helping them to understand plots and ponder themes . Since the end of the 18th century , the phrase `` in character '' has been used to describe an effective impersonation by an actor . Since the 19th century , the art of creating characters , as practiced by actors or writers , has been called characterisation . A character who stands as a representative of a particular class or group of people is known as a type . Types include both stock characters and those that are more fully individualised . The characters in Henrik Ibsen 's Hedda Gabler ( 1891 ) and August Strindberg 's Miss Julie ( 1888 ) , for example , are representative of specific positions in the social relations of class and gender , such that the conflicts between the characters reveal ideological conflicts . The study of a character requires an analysis of its relations with all of the other characters in the work . The individual status of a character is defined through the network of oppositions ( proairetic , pragmatic , linguistic , proxemic ) that it forms with the other characters . The relation between characters and the action of the story shifts historically , often miming shifts in society and its ideas about human individuality , self-determination , and the social order .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "032ba2533a8a5cdba340773854cd43cc", "text": "Sergio Bustamante (artist) Sergio Bustamante is a Mexican Artist and sculptor . Though born in Culiacan , Sinaloa , Mexico , Sergio Bustamante has lived in the Guadalajara area since early childhood . In his youth , he studied architecture at the University of Guadalajara , but abandoned this pursuit when his talents and interests drew him to the fine arts and crafts . He began with paintings and paper mache figures , inaugurating the first exhibit of his works at the Galeria Misracha in Mexico City in 1966 . In the early 1970s , he traveled to Amsterdam , where he further developed his talents . After his return to Guadalajara , he established in 1975 , along with other artists , the `` Family Workshop Studio '' in Tlaquepaque , Jalisco , Mexico . While Bustamante 's works initially focused on painting and paper mache , his talents led , in the mid-1970s , to the creation of sculptures in wood and bronze , many reflecting animal themes . 1979 marked the inauguration of innovative furniture designs in wood and glass with bronze accents , currently available in distinctive patterns and motifs . The creation of ceramic sculptures in the mid-1980s provided avenues for the use of color and form in ways not previously explored . In 1992 , the initiation of an extensive line of exquisite jewelry in bronze , gold and silver , many set with precious and semi-precious stones and , again , often reflecting animal themes , marked a new and expansive direction for his creations . In this same year , a new series of paper mache sculptures was introduced . In the new millennium , Bustamante continues to explore new paths for the further expression of his imaginative and gifted talents . Each piece belongs to a limited edition and is created by hand , therefore unique . A certificate of authenticity duly signed by the artists itself is attributed to each sculpture . All works are of very good quality , and pieces of small and big size up to four meters high are available . The Mexican government has even elected them for official gifts to state governors and to high personalities . Since the 1960s , Sergio Bustamante has been internationally recognized in the world of creative arts and crafts . His works are on demand around the globe in such countries as Mexico , United States , Japan , Europe , and recently Russia ; giving the probability that his works will increase in value over the years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2aaef9ad9b8d65733f8f29a2983f0403", "text": "Face (professional wrestling) In professional wrestling , a face ( babyface ) is a heroic or a `` good guy '' wrestler , booked ( scripted ) by the promotion with the aim of being cheered by fans . Faces , traditionally , wrestle within the rules and avoid cheating ( in contrast to the heels who use illegal moves and call in additional wrestlers to do their work for them ) while behaving positively towards the referee and the audience . Such characters are also referred to as blue-eyes in British wrestling , and técnicos in lucha libre . The face character is portrayed as a hero relative to the heel wrestlers , who are analogous to villains . Not everything a face wrestler does must be heroic : faces need only to be cheered by the audience to be effective characters . The vast majority of wrestling storylines involving faces place a face against a heel , although more elaborate set-ups ( such as two faces being manipulated by a nefarious outside party into fighting ) often happen as well . In the world of lucha libre wrestling , they 're generally known for using moves requiring technical skill , particularly aerial maneuvers , and wearing outfits using bright colors with positive associations ( such as solid white ) . This is contrasted with the villainous rudos that are generally known for being brawlers , using physical moves that emphasize brute strength and/or size while often having outfits akin to demons or other nasty characters .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "43b0305c9b11efa9b4f3e8bd0a82be28", "text": "Cleaner (crime) A cleaner , or fixer , is a person who `` cleans up '' after crimes to physically erase their trace or uses pressure or bribes to limit fallout from a criminal act . A fixer plays a similar but often less hands-on role , often minimizing bad publicity for public officials or media figures by quelling stories of their misadventures , but also capable of more heavyhanded tactics , as necessary . A cleaner may destroy or remove incriminating evidence at the scene of a crime . A popular figure in crime fiction , a cleaner may also be a contract killer who commits murder to `` clean up '' a situation . Cleaner is also a slang term for someone , usually a member of a crime organization or a covert government agency , who disposes of a corpse after a hit . In contrast , legal crime scene cleanup is a legitimate industry , eliminating blood and other biohazardous materials such as dangerous chemicals used in an illegal drug lab as permitted by responsible authorities . A fictional example of a cleaner is Shoulders from the comic strip Dick Tracy . More contemporary are the roles played by Jean Reno as Victor in the film La Femme Nikita ( 1990 ) , Harvey Keitel as Victor in Point of No Return ( 1993 ) , and a year later as a Mr. Wolf in Quentin Tarantino 's Pulp Fiction ( 1994 ) ( parodied on Seinfeld ` s episode 155 , `` The Muffin Tops '' ( 1997 ) , where Newman makes the problem of leftover muffin stumps go away by eating them ) , and George Clooney as the title character in Michael Clayton . On television , similar roles are played by Jonathan Banks as Mike Ehrmantraut in the TV series Breaking Bad and its prequel , Better Call Saul , Liev Schreiber in the title role of Showtime 's Ray Donovan , Paige Turco as recurring character Zoe Morgan in Person of Interest , and Susan Blommaert as `` Mr. Kaplan '' in The Blacklist .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f03f0116559c9da670097b5cafaf675", "text": "Violencia Blas Columba ( born December 10 , 1968 in Matamoros , Tamaulipas , Mexico ) is a retired Mexican luchador or professional wrestler , best known under the ring name Violencia ( Spanish for `` Violence '' ) and has previously also worked un the ring names Águila Real ( `` Royal Eagle '' ) , Rey Águila ( `` King Eagle '' ) and Lynx . As Volencia he was nicknamed El Búfalo ( `` The Buffalo '' ) due to the large horns protruding from his wrestling mask . He was one of the main members of the Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre ( CMLL ) group known as Los Boricuas where he portrayed a Puerto Rican loyalist for several years . Columba is not related to wrestler Violencia Jr. but did allow him to use the name", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9549340cde0f1fd40a52b54b381b4ef0", "text": "Die Macher Die Macher is a strategy board game designed by Karl-Heinz Schmiel of Germany . The game is based on the German electoral system and each player takes the role of one of five political parties ( in the 2006 edition , the CDU/CSU , FDP , SPD , Greens , and Die Linke ) . Parties score points based on seats won in seven state ( Land ) elections , the size of their national party base , the amount to which they control the national media , and how well their party platform aligns with national opinion . Each state election is a `` mini game '' on its own . Each state has its own interests ( such as `` do we support higher taxes , or not ? '' ) , and a party will do better if its platform aligns with the local concerns . Players can deploy a limited number of `` party meetings '' ( groups of grassroots activists ) to a state ; the more they have there , the more votes they will generate when the election is resolved . `` Shadow Cabinet '' cards , representing influential party officials , can be used to perform some special actions , and each party tracks its `` trend '' ( favorability rating ) in the state using a sliding scale . When the election is held , each party scores votes based on the formula ( trend + interest alignment ) * ( number of meetings ) . A maximum score is 50 , and parliamentary seats ( victory points ) are awarded based on this score and the state 's actual number of seats in parliament . The seven states are chosen at random from the sixteen Länder of Germany , so some elections will be more influential than others . Players can modify their party 's ' platform and by controlling the local media can also affect what the state is concerned about . Winning the local election allows the party to advance their media control to the national level and to help outline the national issues list . Players see the elections developing in advance and can apply their resources to the current election or upcoming ones , adding to the difficult decision making . During each state election , parties can agree to , or be forced into , coalitions , and share in any victory . Parties must also decide whether or not they will accept contributions from special interests with the possibility of alienating their grassroots donor base . Die Macher takes about four hours to play . Die Macher was first released by Hans im Glück publishing in 1986 as a four-player game , featuring only the Länder of the former West Germany and political issues relevant to the mid-1980s . This version is often sought-after by collectors . A revised version of the game with higher production value was released 12 years later , and this version was nominated for the 1998 Spiel des Jahres ( Game of the Year ) award ; it added the Länder of eastern Germany , a fifth party ( the PDS , the successor of the East German SED ) , updated the issues to those of the 1990s , and extensively changed the rules . In 2006 , Valley Games of Canada produced a new version of the game , with language-independent components , revised issues , the PDS renamed to Die Linke , and a few minor rules changes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "776b348c9d022a8800aca662f7ad4a95", "text": "Montubio Montubio are a mestizo people of the countryside of coastal Ecuador . The Montubio were recognized by the government in the spring of 2001 after protests that included protracted hunger strikes . The Council for the Development of the Montubio People of the Ecuadorian Coast and Subtropical Zones of the Littoral Region ( CODEPMOC ) was granted official status and government funding . The Montubio are known for their ranching activities , rodeos , machetes and distinctive attire ( including Panama hats , originally made in Montecristi-Manabí ) . In Ecuadorian literature , the Montubios have been written as `` a local stock coastal character '' by Alfredo Parez Diezcanceco and the `` Guayaquil Group '' : Demetrio Aguilera Malta , Enrique Gil Gilberto , and Joaquin Gallegos Lara . They have also been recorded by Jenny Estrada in El Montubio -- un forjador de identidad ( 1996 ) , Teodoro Crespo in El Montuvio : Centro de la Colonización ( 1959 , 2nd Edition ) , and by Jose de la Cuadra in El Montuvio Ecuatoriano ( 1937 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "603ea87c399b145c470d439527e45894", "text": "Jimmy Jump Jaume Marquet i Cot ( -LSB- ˈʒawmə mərˈkɛt i kɔt -RSB- ) , more popularly known as Jimmy Jump , born on 14 March 1976 , is a Spanish streaker from Sabadell , Catalonia , Spain , known for interfering in several major entertainment and sporting events .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b7ae28ec942f129ed075316db8fa22b", "text": "Hammer A hammer is a tool or device that delivers a blow ( a sudden impact ) to an object . Most hammers are hand tools used to drive nails , fit parts , forge metal , and break apart objects . Hammers vary in shape , size , and structure , depending on their purposes . Hammers are basic tools in many trades . The usual features are a head ( most often made of steel ) and a handle ( also called a helve #Noun or haft #Noun ) . Although most hammers are hand tools , powered versions exist ; they are known as powered hammers . Types of power hammer include steam hammers and trip hammers , often for heavier uses , such as forging . Some specialized hammers have other names , such as sledgehammer , mallet , and gavel . The term `` hammer '' also applies to devices that deliver blows , such as the hammer of a firearm , or the hammer of a piano , or the hammer ice scraper .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8a2bd6b13e3aa65d5842f9f421655f6", "text": "Richard Machalek Richard Machalek ( born April 12 , 1946 ) is a social theorist , sociobiologist , and professor of sociology . A student and colleague of sociobiologist E.O. Wilson , Machalek is best known for using traditional sociological frameworks and theories to explain complex social behavior and structures in non-human societies , with a special emphasis on ant populations . Machalek has repeatedly -- and only half jokingly -- called for a `` one-hundred year moratorium on studying humans within the field of sociology '' and he thus believes that the bedrock of sociological knowledge lies in explaining social phenomena that are exhibited across many different types of species . He can be , and often is , considered a radical sociological theorist in this regard . As such , Machalek also applies knowledge from the fields of evolutionary theory , zoology , and biology and is especially concerned with the trans-species social behaviors of cheating , cooperation , and division of labor , among others . Besides teaching at a number of universities , in 1986 he was a visiting professor at Harvard University 's Museum of Comparative Zoology under the tutelage of E.O. Wilson . He was a visiting professor at the U.S. Air Force Academy , conducted research on fruit bats ( Chiroptera ) in Queensland , Australia , and has served in the board of many journals and professional societies . His contribution to the understanding of the biological underpinnings of social life , and his award-winning teaching , has instilled generations with an appreciation of evolutionary theory and the evolutionary elements of social life . His research spans a wide array of topics , and is noted for its rigorous theoretical structure and elegant writing . The corpus of Machalek 's work is immense , varied , and foundational to the field . He currently teaches sociology at the University Of Wyoming .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8795b70531d4e7c86cb868fa87eca34b", "text": "True threat A true threat is a threatening communication that can be prosecuted under the law . It is distinct from a threat that is made in jest . The U.S. Supreme Court has held that true threats are not protected under the U.S. Constitution based on three justifications : preventing fear , preventing the disruption that follows from that fear , and diminishing the likelihood that the threatened violence will occur . There is some concern that even satirical speech could be regarded as a `` true threat '' due to concern over terrorism . The true threat doctrine was established in the 1969 Supreme Court case Watts v. United States . In that case , an eighteen-year-old male was convicted in a Washington , D.C. District Court for violating a statute prohibiting persons from knowingly and willfully making threats to harm or kill the President of the United States . The conviction was based on a statement made by Watts , in which he said , '' -LSB- i -RSB- f they ever make me carry a rifle the first man I want to get in my sights is L.B.J. '' Watts appealed , leading to the Supreme Court finding the statute constitutional on its face , but reversing the conviction of Watts . In reviewing the lower court 's analysis of the case , the Court noted that `` a threat must be distinguished from what is constitutionally protected speech . '' The Court recognized that `` uninhibited , robust , and wideopen '' political debate can at times be characterized by `` vehement , caustic , and sometimes unpleasantly sharp attacks on government and public officials . '' In light of the context of Watts ' statement - and the laughter that it received from the crowd - the Court found that it was more `` a kind of very crude offensive method of stating a political opposition to the President '' than a `` true threat . '' In so holding , the Court established that there is a `` true threat '' exception to protected speech , but also that the statement must be viewed in its context and distinguished from protected hyperbole . The opinion , however , stopped short of defining precisely what constituted a `` true threat . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a583f00a79ac2498221419e0f56433b9", "text": "Razor A razor is a bladed tool primarily used in the removal of unwanted body hair through the act of shaving . Kinds of razors include straight razors , disposable razor , and electric razors . While the razor has been in existence since before the Bronze Age ( the oldest razor-like object has been dated to 18,000 B.C. ) , the most common type of razor in current usage is the safety or electric razor , though other kinds are still in use .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "11cb374414d5f3d4697252c991b81604", "text": "Machiavellian intelligence In cognitive science and evolutionary psychology , Machiavellian intelligence ( also known as political intelligence or social intelligence ) is the capacity of an entity to be in a successful political engagement with social groups . The first introduction of this concept to primatology came from Frans de Waal 's book `` Chimpanzee Politics '' ( 1982 ) , which described social maneuvering while explicitly quoting Machiavelli . Also known as machiavellianism , it is the art of manipulation in which others are socially manipulated in a way that benefits the user .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "ea8596d957b5e46b372b2d66b3c6ebc8", "text": "Woody Harrelson Woodrow Tracy `` Woody '' Harrelson ( born July 23 , 1961 ) is an American actor , activist and playwright . He is a two-time Academy Award nominee and has won one Emmy Award out of seven nominations . His breakout role came in 1985 , joining the television sitcom Cheers as bartender Woody Boyd , for which he earned five Emmy Award nominations ( one win ) . Some notable film characters include basketball hustler Billy Hoyle in White Men Ca n't Jump , one-handed bowler Roy Munson in Kingpin , Haymitch Abernathy in The Hunger Games film series , Pepper Lewis in The Cowboy Way , Tallahassee in Zombieland , serial killer Mickey Knox in Natural Born Killers , magazine publisher Larry Flynt in The People vs. Larry Flynt , country singer Dusty in A Prairie Home Companion , and magician/mentalist Merritt McKinney in Now You See Me . He will be portraying the Colonel in War for the Planet of the Apes . For The People vs. Larry Flynt and The Messenger , Harrelson earned Academy Award nominations for Best Actor and Best Supporting Actor , respectively . In 2014 , he starred as Detective Martin Hart in the first season of the HBO crime drama True Detective with Matthew McConaughey , which earned him and McConaughey nominations for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "921de589e957b9a31453f4146a95bf5f", "text": "The Wrong Guys The Wrong Guys is a 1988 American comedy film directed by Danny Bilson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d598da2e471c6b0626002aceefffd4e", "text": "John Cullum John Cullum ( born March 2 , 1930 ) is an American actor and singer . He has appeared in many stage musicals and dramas , including On the Twentieth Century ( 1978 ) and Shenandoah ( 1975 ) , winning the Tony Awards for Best Leading Actor in a Musical for each . He earned his first Tony nomination as lead actor in a musical in 1966 for On a Clear Day You Can See Forever in which he introduced the title song , and more recently received Tony nominations for Urinetown The Musical ( 2002 ) ( best actor in a musical ) and as best featured actor in a musical the revival of 110 in the Shade ( 2007 ) . He portrayed tavern owner Holling Vincoeur on the television drama series Northern Exposure ( 6 seasons ) , earning an Emmy Award nomination as Best Supporting Actor in a Drama . He was featured in fifteen episodes of the NBC television series ER as Mark Greene 's father . He was the farmer in the landmark television drama The Day After . He has made multiple guest appearances on Law & Order and Law & Order : Special Victims Unit as attorney , now judge , Barry Moredock , and appeared as Big Mike in several episodes of The Middle .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "59b1d60020b70b3e79ff57ca49bf70a7", "text": "The Hi-Lo Country The Hi-Lo Country is a 1998 American Western-drama film directed by Stephen Frears , starring Billy Crudup , Penélope Cruz , Woody Harrelson , Cole Hauser , Sam Elliott , Patricia Arquette , Enrique Castillo , and Katy Jurado . It is set in post-World War II New Mexico and is based on the Western novel by Max Evans . Don Walser appears in a rodeo dance sequence and sings a memorable Western swing , honky tonk rendition of `` I 'll Hold You in My Heart . '' Rodeo announcer Bob Tallman appears as himself in the film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "877ba65cb3fabddbae207afc4f2166ed", "text": "Follow the Boys Follow the Boys also known as Three Cheers for the Boys is a 1944 musical film made by Universal Pictures during World War II as an all-star cast morale booster to entertain the troops abroad and the civilians at home . The film was directed by A. Edward `` Eddie '' Sutherland and produced by Charles K. Feldman . The movie stars George Raft and features Vera Zorina , Grace McDonald , Charles Grapewin , Regis Toomey and George Macready . Making appearances are Walter Abel , Carmen Amaya , The Andrews Sisters , Evelyn Ankers , Louise Beavers , Noah Beery , Jr. , Turhan Bey , Steve Brodie , Nigel Bruce , Lon Chaney , Jr. , the Delta Rhythm Boys , Andy Devine , Marlene Dietrich , W. C. Fields , Susanna Foster , Thomas Gomez , Louis Jordan and His Orchestra , Ted Lewis and His Band , Jeanette MacDonald , Maria Montez , Clarence Muse , Donald O'Connor , Slapsie Maxie Rosenbloom , Artur Rubinstein , Peggy Ryan , Randolph Scott , Dinah Shore , Freddie Slack and His Orchestra , Gale Sondergaard , Sophie Tucker , Orson Welles , among many others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0cde16ebe9943bc2be0e284e4160e740", "text": "Rip Taylor Charles Elmer `` Rip '' Taylor , Jr. ( born January 13 , 1935 ) is an American actor and comedian . He is known for his exuberance and flamboyant personality , including his wild moustache and his habit of showering himself ( and others ) with confetti .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "81f76a10ffe5fe195f9eb5790b62708f", "text": "The Big Broadcast of 1936 The Big Broadcast of 1936 is a 1935 American comedy film directed by Norman Taurog , and is the second in the series of Big Broadcast movies . The musical comedy starred Jack Oakie , Bing Crosby , George Burns , Gracie Allen , Ethel Merman , The Nicholas Brothers , Lyda Roberti , Wendy Barrie , Mary Boland , Charles Ruggles , Akim Tamiroff , Amos 'n' Andy ( Freeman Gosden and Charles Correll ) , Bill `` Bojangles '' Robinson , and Argentine tango singer Carlos Gardel . The film featured an early appearance by Dorothy Dandridge ( as one of the Dandridge Sisters ) . Glenn Miller appears as part of the Ray Noble Orchestra . In Glenn Miller and His Orchestra ( 1974 ) , George Thomas Simon noted that Glenn Miller was paid extra by Ray Noble `` for working on The Big Broadcast of 1936 , so that Glenn 's total weekly pay '' was $ 356 . Uncredited roles include Jack Mulhall . The screenplay was by Walter DeLeon , Francis Martin , Ralph Spence , and Julius J. Epstein , who was uncredited . The film received an Academy Award nomination for Best Dance Direction by LeRoy Prinz for `` It 's the Animal in Me '' . Although the film has not been released on DVD or VHS , it is available on various video sharing websites .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "978acf0ea59b245b4e8a174e4fb7d680", "text": "The Hucksters The Hucksters is a 1947 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film directed by Jack Conway and starring Clark Gable that marked the debut of Deborah Kerr in an American film . The supporting cast includes Sydney Greenstreet , Adolphe Menjou , Keenan Wynn , Edward Arnold and Ava Gardner . The movie is based on the novel The Hucksters by Frederic Wakeman , Sr. , a skewering of the post-World War II radio advertising industry with a racy backdrop for its day involving Gable and his alternating pursuit of Kerr and Gardner .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f0c4b8075d2fcc25bf1ffc9a87378847", "text": "The Hustler (film) The Hustler is a 1961 American drama film directed by Robert Rossen from Walter Tevis 's 1959 novel of the same name , adapted for the screen by Rossen and Sidney Carroll . It tells the story of small-time pool hustler `` Fast Eddie '' Felson and his desire to break into the `` major league '' of professional hustling and high-stakes wagering by high-rollers that follows it . He throws his raw talent and ambition up against the best player in the country ; seeking to best the legendary pool player `` Minnesota Fats . '' After initially losing to Fats and getting involved with unscrupulous manager Bert Gordon , Eddie returns to try again , but only after paying a terrible personal price . The film was shot on location in New York City . It stars Paul Newman as `` Fast '' Eddie Felson , Jackie Gleason as Minnesota Fats , Piper Laurie as Sarah , and George C. Scott as Bert . The Hustler was a major critical and popular success , gaining a reputation as a modern classic . Its exploration of winning , losing , and character garnered a number of major awards ; it is also credited with helping to spark a resurgence in the popularity of pool . Real-life pool player Rudolf Wanderone , known at the time as `` New York Fats '' and `` Chicago Fats '' , claimed to be the real life inspiration for Gleason 's character , Minnesota Fats , and adopted the name as his own .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1445773c08da50707979a85167e4edf4", "text": "Houston Film Critics Society Awards 2010 The 4th Houston Film Critics Society Awards were presented on December 18 , 2010 . These awards for `` extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Houston Film Critics Society ( HFCS ) based in Houston , Texas . The organization , founded in 2007 , includes 22 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications in the greater Houston area . The awards are co-sponsored by the Houston Film Commission , Southwest Alternate Media Project , Women in Film and Television/Houston , WorldFest , and the Houston Cinema Arts Society . The nominations for the 2010 awards were announced on December 12 , 2010 . Eligible films do not need to have played or opened in a Houston film theater prior to the nomination deadline , merely made available to the HFCS membership at a screening or on DVD . Along with the 13 `` best of '' category awards , this year also saw the introduction of a new category for `` Worst Movies of the Year '' . The Social Network , True Grit , and 127 Hours each received six nominations , all including the Best Picture , Actor , Direction , and Original Score categories . The Social Network was the HFCS 's most awarded film of 2010 taking top honors in the Best Picture , Best Director ( David Fincher ) , Best Actor ( Jesse Eisenberg ) , and Best Screenplay ( Aaron Sorkin ) categories . Inception was the only other film to garner multiple awards , winning both the Best Original Score ( Hans Zimmer ) and Best Cinematography ( Wally Pfister ) prizes . The other acting awards went to Natalie Portman as Best Actress for Black Swan , Hailee Steinfeld as Best Supporting Actress for True Grit , and Christian Bale as Best Supporting Actor for The Fighter . The remaining film honors went to Toy Story 3 as Best Animated Film , Restrepo as Best Documentary , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo as Best Foreign Language Film . `` We Are Sex Bob-Omb '' by Beck from Scott Pilgrim vs. the World was named the Best Original Song . The HFCS 's first-ever award for `` Worst Picture '' was given to Jonah Hex starring Josh Brolin . In addition to the category awards , the HFCS presented their annual Lifetime Achievement Award to Sissy Spacek and its Humanitarian Award to George Clooney . Clooney was selected for `` selflessly using his celebrity for greater good '' . The HFCS award for Outstanding Achievement in Cinema awards were presented to Charles Dove , director of the Rice University Media Center , and Hector Luna , the founder and editor of C-47 Houston .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "24fde163931dad61927643e071c359b5", "text": "Jeff Garlin Jeffrey Todd `` Jeff '' Garlin ( born June 5 , 1962 ) is an American comedian , actor , producer , voice artist , director , writer , podcast host and author . He has acted in many television shows and some movies , is an expert in magic , and is known for his role as Jeff Greene on the HBO show Curb Your Enthusiasm , for which he was nominated for seven Emmys in his role as Executive Producer and two wins for Producing from the PGAs . He currently stars in the ABC sitcom The Goldbergs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "30bc0941c3ab23db017ce499d5a92fa2", "text": "Everybody Talks `` Everybody Talks '' is the lead single from the second studio album , Picture Show , by American rock band Neon Trees . It was released on December 20 , 2011 , in the United States as a digital download on iTunes . It soon became a sleeper hit . The song made it to No. 6 on the Billboard Hot 100 , making this song their highest charting single to date as well as their first Top 10 hit . The song was produced by Justin Meldal-Johnsen , engineered and mixed by Billy Bush , and mastered by Joe LaPorta . As of October 2012 , the song has sold over 2 million digital downloads . It also hit No. 7 on the Alternative Songs chart , their first Top 10 hit after Animal , it also hit No. 1 on the Adult Pop Songs , their first song to do so . `` Everybody Talks '' was inspired by early 1960s pop music ; Tyler Glenn said that `` We fell in love with a lot of like Roy Orbison and the Motown music that my dad listens to . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8a6210c8e3280bdc54c68bfff4f7935", "text": "Woody Paige Woodrow Wilson `` Woody '' Paige , Jr. ( born June 27 , 1946 ) is a sports columnist for The Gazette , author , and a regular panelist on the ESPN sports-talk program Around the Horn . He was a columnist for the Denver Post for 35 years , co-host of Cold Pizza and its spin-off show 1st and 10 until November 4 , 2006 , when it was announced that Paige would return to the Post . Paige is a member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame Selection Committee and is a Baseball Hall of Fame voter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45c55328ce34fd528f7a5c84185f866d", "text": "Play It Again, Sam (film) Play It Again , Sam is a 1972 film written by and starring Woody Allen , based on his 1969 Broadway play . The film was directed by Herbert Ross , which is unusual for Allen , who usually directs his own written work . The film is about a recently divorced film critic , Allan Felix , who is urged to begin dating again by his best friend and his best friend 's wife . Allan identifies with the movie Casablanca and the character Rick Blaine as played by Humphrey Bogart . The film is liberally sprinkled with clips from the movie and ghost-like appearances of Bogart ( Jerry Lacy ) giving advice on how to treat women .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cb51e12ce9d8752aa5791d7388c11f8c", "text": "List of awards and nominations received by Cheers Cheers is an American situation comedy . It has won and been nominated for a variety of different awards , including 13 Emmy Award nominations for its first season alone , the most nominations a comedy series had ever received at that time . The show went on to receive a total of 179 Primetime Emmy nominations , winning a total of 28 over the course of its eleven seasons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2b192903f0d0ccaca52d8eea0c0c2157", "text": "Coach Ernie Pantusso Ernie Pantusso ( or Pantuso ) , commonly known as `` Coach '' , is a fictional character on the American television show Cheers , portrayed by Nicholas Colasanto between 1982 and 1985 . Coach was originally Sam Malone 's baseball coach before the show 's premiere . Then , he later became a bartender of Cheers while Sam became its owner and another bartender . He is not `` worldly wise '' but has some shred of wit . He also has a daughter named Lisa , who solely appeared in `` Coach 's Daughter '' ( 1982 ) , from his late wife Angela . While he technically last appeared in the cold opening of `` Rescue Me '' , Colasanto 's last filmed appearance as Coach was an episode `` Cheerio , Cheers '' . When Colasanto died in 1985 , Coach was written out as deceased without explanation . Since then , Colasanto 's replacement Woody Harrelson joined the cast as Woody Boyd in the fourth season of Cheers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9dab3f460005564ef175a8e81e2912ec", "text": "The Big Bounce (2004 film) The Big Bounce is a 2004 American comedy heist film starring Owen Wilson , Charlie Sheen , Sara Foster and Morgan Freeman . It was directed by George Armitage and based on a novel of the same name by Elmore Leonard . Leonard 's novel had previously been adapted for the big screen in a 1969 film of the same name directed by Alex March and starring Ryan O'Neal .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3bf480669bdcac2ef483cd2d12ee448b", "text": "Sleeper (1973 film) Sleeper is a 1973 American futuristic science fiction comedy film , directed by Woody Allen and written by Allen and Marshall Brickman . The plot involves the adventures of the owner of a health food store who is cryogenically frozen in 1973 and defrosted 200 years later in an ineptly led police state . The film contains many elements which parody notable works of science fiction and was made as a tribute to comedians Groucho Marx and Bob Hope .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9805cfda6b3725b9590c2c0272947beb", "text": "Duets (film) Duets is a 2000 American road trip film co-produced and directed by Bruce Paltrow and written by John Byrum . The motion picture features an ensemble cast co-starring Gwyneth Paltrow , Paul Giamatti , Maria Bello , Scott Speedman , Andre Braugher , Huey Lewis and Angie Dickinson , among others . The movie `` revolves around the little known world of karaoke competitions and the wayward characters who inhabit it . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "23f0f2036c23919efec9e94e53a56783", "text": "Give Me a Ring Sometime `` Give Me a Ring Sometime '' is the first episode of the American situation comedy Cheers . Written by Glen and Les Charles and directed by James Burrows , the episode first aired September 30 , 1982 on NBC . The pilot episode introduces the employees of bar Cheers : Sam Malone , Diane Chambers , Coach Ernie Pantusso , and Carla Tortelli ; and regular customers Norm Peterson and Cliff Clavin . In this episode , Diane , brought in by fiancé Sumner Sloan , meets the employees and patrons of the bar . When she realizes that her fiancé has left her alone in the bar , Diane accepts Sam 's offer to be the bar 's waitress to start over . In the original script the employees were the principal characters , and Norm and Cliff were not included . Later revisions added Norm and Cliff , and scenes were restructured and rewritten . Originally , Cheers set would be a hotel , but it was ultimatelly changed to a bar . Ratings were low when the episode first aired , but were moderately successful in reruns . It has been critically praised over the years , and earned its writers awards for Best Writing in 1983 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0953602a3a6db1defe57af8b386dcb0f", "text": "Wings Hauser Wings Hauser ( born December 12 , 1947 ) is an American actor , director , and film writer .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "cedb4667277b97eca9f90546b6f327a5", "text": "Belgium Belgium ( -LSB- ˈbɛldʒəm -RSB- België -LSB- ˈbɛlɣijə -RSB- ; Belgique -LSB- bɛlʒik -RSB- ; Belgien -LSB- ˈbɛlɡi̯ən -RSB- ) , officially the Kingdom of Belgium , is a sovereign state in Western Europe bordered by France , the Netherlands , Germany , Luxembourg , and the North Sea . It is a small , densely populated country which covers an area of 30528 km2 and has a population of about 11 million people . Straddling the cultural boundary between Germanic and Latin Europe , Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups : the Dutch-speaking , mostly Flemish community , which constitutes about 59 % of the population , and the French-speaking , mostly Walloon population , which comprises 41 % of all Belgians . Additionally , there is a small group of German-speakers who live in the East Cantons located around the High Fens area , and bordering Germany . Historically , Belgium , the Netherlands and Luxembourg ( along with parts of Northern France and Western Germany ) were known as the Low Countries ; it once covered a somewhat larger area than the current Benelux group of states . The region was called Belgica in Latin , after the Roman province of Gallia Belgica . From the end of the Middle Ages until the 17th century , the area of Belgium was a prosperous and cosmopolitan centre of commerce and culture . From the 16th century until the Belgian Revolution in 1830 , when Belgium seceded from the Netherlands , the area of Belgium served as the battleground between many European powers , causing it to be dubbed the `` Battlefield of Europe , '' a reputation strengthened by both world wars . Today , Belgium is a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system of governance . It is divided into three regions and three communities , that exist next to each other . Its two largest regions are the Dutch-speaking region of Flanders in the north and the French-speaking southern region of Wallonia . The Brussels-Capital Region is an officially bilingual ( French and Dutch ) enclave within the Flemish Region . A German-speaking Community exists in eastern Wallonia . Belgium 's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in its political history and complex system of governance , made up of six different governments . Belgium participated in the Industrial Revolution and , during the course of the 20th century , possessed a number of colonies in Africa . The second half of the 20th century was marked by rising tensions between the Dutch-speaking and the French-speaking citizens fueled by differences in language and culture and the unequal economic development of Flanders and Wallonia . This continuing antagonism has led to several far-reaching reforms , resulting in a transition from a unitary to a federal arrangement during the period from 1970 to 1993 . Despite the reforms , tensions between the groups have remained , if not increased ; there is significant separatism particularly among the Flemish ; controversial language laws exist such as the municipalities with language facilities ; and the formation of a coalition government took 18 months following the June 2010 federal election , a world record . Belgium is one of the six founding countries of the European Union and hosts the official seats of the European Commission , Council of the European Union , and European Council , as well as a seat of the European Parliament in the country 's capital , Brussels . Belgium is also a founding member of the Eurozone , NATO , OECD and WTO , and a part of the trilateral Benelux Union . Its capital , Brussels , hosts several of the EU 's official seats as well as the headquarters of many major international organizations such as NATO.Belgium is a member of , or affiliated to , many international organizations , including ACCT , AfDB , AsDB , Australia Group , Benelux , BIS , CCC , CE , CERN , EAPC , EBRD , EIB , EMU , ESA , EU , FAO , G-10 , IAEA , IBRD , ICAO , ICC , ICRM , IDA , IDB , IEA , IFAD , IFC , IFRCS , IHO , ILO , IMF , IMO , IMSO , Intelsat , Interpol , IOC , IOM , ISO , ITU , MONUC ( observers ) , NATO , NEA , NSG , OAS ( observer ) , OECD , OPCW , OSCE , PCA , UN , UNCTAD , UNECE , UNESCO , UNHCR , UNIDO , UNMIK , UNMOGIP , UNRWA , UNTSO , UPU , WADB ( non-regional ) , WEU , WHO , WIPO , WMO , WTrO , ZC . Belgium is also a part of the Schengen Area . Belgium is a developed country , with an advanced high-income economy and is categorized as `` very high '' in the Human Development Index .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "216a95b1a6c9a2a96016bcd7a97e13fc", "text": "Crime in Belgium Crime in Belgium is combated by the Belgian Police and other agencies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "02bafbfcfffd3f7dcf9209b57ac85a3b", "text": "Woëvre The Woëvre is a natural region of Lorraine in northeastern France . It forms part of Lorraine plateau and lies largely in the department of Meuse . The Woëvre lies on the right bank of the Meuse River , from the valley of the Chiers in the north to the town of Neufchâteau in the south . To the west , the region follows the Meuse , to the east it extends into the neighbouring department of Meurthe-et-Moselle . The Lac de Madine lies in the Woëvre as does the western part of the Parc naturel régional de Lorraine . Neighbouring natural regions include the Côtes de Meuse on the left bank of the Meuse , the Barrois to the south , and the Côtes de Moselle to the east . The Belgian Ardennes lie to the north . Along with the Côtes de Moselle , the Woëvre is one of the areas in Lorraine that receives the least rainfall . Nonetheless , its river system is very important and feeds into the Lac de Madine . Since the Middle Ages , inhabitants along part of this system have used earthen levees to create ponds used for aquaculture , which now provide important refuges for migratory birds . The soil of this region includes layers of sandstone and limestone aquifers separated by impermeable clay . This part of the Lorraine is particularly forested , particularly with oak trees . Certain areas in the Woëvre are designated as `` Zones naturelles d'intérêt écologique , faunistique et floristique '' or ZNIEFFs , a designation that marks them as particularly important to the preservation of France 's ecological heritage either because of the plants or animals they support , their ecological role , or their local or national importance . The Conservatoire des sites lorraines , created to protect endangered species , purchased most of these areas in 1994 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a1b4d74e4c83793fac570c36da89df1f", "text": "Walloons in the Netherlands The history and presence of the Walloon people , i.e. francophone Belgians , in the Netherlands goes back to the foundation process of the Dutch state . Even more so , the region now known as Wallonia was part of the historical Southern Netherlands , a region now divided between the Netherlands , Belgium and the French Nord-Pas-de-Calais .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "909cfb897133300f96ed3f8237051c4a", "text": "High Fens The High Fens ( Hautes Fagnes Hohes Venn Hoge Venen ) , which were declared a nature reserve in 1957 , are an upland area , a plateau region in the province of Liège , in the east of Belgium and adjoining parts of Germany , between the Ardennes and the Eifel highlands . The High Fens are the largest nature reserve or park in Belgium , with an area of 4501.2 ha ; it lies within the German-Belgian natural park Hohes Venn-Eifel ( 700 km2 ) , in the Ardennes . Its highest point , at 694 m above sea level , is the Signal de Botrange near Eupen , and also the highest point in Belgium . A tower 6 m high was built here that reaches 700 m above sea level . The reserve is a rich ecological endowment of Belgium covered with alpine sphagnum raised bogs ( not `` fens '' as the name would imply ) both on the plateau and in the valley basin ; the bogs , which are over 10,000 years old , with their unique subalpine flora , fauna and microclimate , are key to the conservation work of the park . In 1966 , the European Council awarded the `` Diploma of Conservation '' to the High Fens , for their ecological value .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1815c3799a1f026f79c23226a4e52fdc", "text": "Hoegaarden Hoegaarden ( -LSB- ˈɦuɣaːrdə ( n ) -RSB- ) is a municipality in the province of Flemish Brabant , in Flanders , one of the three regions of Belgium . The municipality comprises the villages of Hoegaarden proper , Meldert and Outgaarden . On January 1 , 2006 , Hoegaarden had a total population of 6,225 . The total area is 33.93 km ² which gives a population density of 183 inhabitants per km ² .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b52a9882f48bb5f6366edc92df8fef55", "text": "Republic of Bouillon The Republic of Bouillon was a short-lived French client republic , around the city of Bouillon in present-day Belgium , based on the duchy of Bouillon , which had existed between France and the Austrian Netherlands since the 15th century . Reforms , sponsored by the duke , abolishing manorialism and feudalism and establishing a constitutional basis for the monarchy did not prevent what many sources describe as the proclamation of a republic in April 1794 . The republic was short-lived , however , as the territory was annexed by the French First Republic 18 months later . In 1815 , after the Napoleonic Wars , the duchy was absorbed into the promoted Grand Duchy of Luxembourg , becoming a part of Belgium when that nation was founded in the 1830s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b94de28bf7f6a99d12fe0c57f069e1b", "text": "Spanish Netherlands Spanish Netherlands ( Países Bajos españoles Spaanse Nederlanden ) ; Pays-Bas espagnols ) was the collective name of States of the Holy Roman Empire in the Low Countries , held in personal union by the Spanish Crown ( also called Habsburg Spain ) from 1581 to 1714 . This region comprised most of modern Belgium and Luxembourg , as well as parts of northern France and western Germany . The capital was Brussels . The Imperial fiefs of the former Burgundian Netherlands had been inherited by the Austrian House of Habsburg from the extinct House of Valois-Burgundy upon the death of Mary of Burgundy in 1482 . The Seventeen Provinces formed the core of the Habsburg Netherlands which passed to the Spanish Habsburgs upon the abdication of Emperor Charles V in 1556 . When part of the Netherlands separated to form the autonomous Dutch Republic in 1581 , the remainder of the area stayed under Spanish rule until the War of the Spanish Succession .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "61d54c4955a269bbb36e514425fcbd95", "text": "Political parties in Belgium Belgium is a federal state with a multi-party political system , with numerous parties who factually have no chance of gaining power alone , and therefore must work with each other to form coalition governments . Almost all Belgian political parties are divided into linguistic groups , either Dutch-speaking parties ( see also political parties in Flanders ) , Francophone parties or Germanophone parties . The Flemish parties operate in Flanders and in the Brussels-Capital Region . The Francophone parties operate in Wallonia and in the Brussels-Capital Region . There are also parties operating in the comparatively small German-speaking community . No party family has a realistic chance of winning enough seats to govern alone , let alone win an outright majority . Political parties are thus organised along community lines , especially for the three main communities . There are no representative parties active in both communities . Even in Brussels , all parties presenting candidates are either Flemish parties , or French-speaking . As such , the internal organisation of the political parties reflects the fundamentally dual nature of Belgian society . There are no significant parties left who exist , or operate on a national , Belgian level . From the creation of the Belgian state in 1830 and throughout most of the 19th century , two political parties dominated Belgian politics : the Catholic Party ( Church-oriented and conservative ) and the Liberal Party ( anti-clerical and progressive ) . In the late 19th century the Labour Party arose to represent the emerging industrial working class . These three groups still dominate Belgian politics , but they have evolved substantially in character .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08dd9ba1aee2562ee4f4aec854c9d77c", "text": "Lordship of Mechelen The Lordship of Mechelen was until 1795 a small independent Lordship in the Low Countries , consisting of the city of Mechelen and some surrounding villages . In the early Middle Ages , it was part of the Prince-Bishopric of Liège , which was confirmed in 910 . In practice , the area was ruled by the local Berthout family , against the will of the Prince-Bishops of Liège . The Duchy of Brabant tried to annex the Lordship , but as a reaction , Liège gave the area in 1333 to the County of Flanders . The Flemish also did n't gain complete and permanent control . Mechelen was therefore later considered as one of the Seventeen Provinces and then as a province of the Southern Netherlands . The Dukes of Burgundy and later the Habsburg Emperors and Kings were personally Lords of Mechelen and for a while turned the city more or less into the capital of the Netherlands . They established here the highest jurisdictional court of the Seventeen Provinces , called the Great Council of Mechelen . Governess Margaret of Austria also held her Court at Mechelen . Later , the capital moved primarily to Brussels . In 1795 the Lordship was abolished by the French revolutionaries and it became part of the French département of the Deux-Nèthes . Today it is part of the Belgian province of Antwerp .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18d74887cb0b34ce63479d7b2cc391f9", "text": "List of ports in Belgium Belgium has four sea ports and a range of inland ports .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a3c52f342a5a9b713ffd93715488e13", "text": "Baarle-Hertog Baarle-Hertog ( -LSB- ˌbaːrlə ˈɦɛrtɔx -RSB- ) is a Flemish municipality of Belgium , much of which consists of a number of small Belgian exclaves in the Netherlands . While some of its territory consists of exclaves in the Dutch province of North Brabant , it is part of the Belgian province of Antwerp . On 1 January 2006 Baarle-Hertog had a population of 2,306 . The total area is 7.48 km ² which gives a population density of 308 inhabitants per km ² ( 798 inhabitants/sq mi ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0ebc0915dc301cc89d90b57a6bdd07ea", "text": "Radio in the Flemish Community This article covers the radio landscape in Flanders and Brussels , the Dutch-speaking region of Belgium known as the Flemish Community .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09c212d7b292ae8ada8f2ca97cf4b0b2", "text": "Hasselt Hasselt ( -LSB- ˈɦɑsəlt -RSB- ) is a Belgian city and municipality , and capital of the province of Limburg . The Hasselt municipality includes the original city of Hasselt , plus the old communes of Sint-Lambrechts-Herk , Wimmertingen , Kermt , Spalbeek , Kuringen , Stokrooie , Stevoort and Runkst , as well as the hamlets and parishes of Kiewit , Godsheide and Rapertingen . On 31 December 2007 Hasselt had a total population of 71,520 ( 34,951 men and 36,569 women ) . Both the Demer river and the Albert Canal run through the municipality . Hasselt is located in between the Campine region , north of the Demer river , and the Hesbaye region , to the south . It is also situated in the Meuse-Rhine Euroregion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f08c0408813006e12fdfa2dade178e52", "text": "2004 in Belgium Events from the year 2004 in Belgium", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8dc82c045e97721fc810da52cc7f8333", "text": "Flemish painting Flemish painting flourished from the early 15th century until the 17th century . The term does not refer to modern Flanders but to the County of Flanders and neighbouring areas of the Low Countries such as the Tournaisis and Duchy of Brabant which delivered the leading painters in Northern Europe and attracted many promising young painters from other countries . These painters were invited to work at foreign courts and had a Europe-wide influence . Since the end of the Napoleonic era , Flemish painters had again been contributing to a reputation that had been set by the Old Masters . The Franco-Flemish School of musical composition flourished at the same time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f67988575c48a9178c9e3bc1bea08ab", "text": "Histoire de Belgique (book series) The Histoire de Belgique ( `` History of Belgium '' ) is a seven-volume survey of the history of Belgium by the historian Henri Pirenne , written in French language and published between 1900 and 1932 . The series , which traces the emergence of the Belgian nation-state from the Roman era until the start of World War I , is a classic of nationalist historiography and one of Pirenne 's major works . Although Pirenne is today best known as a historian of Medieval Europe , the Histoire de Belgique series was his most respected work during his lifetime and the foundation of his reputation as Belgium 's leading national historian . Unlike much nationalist historiography , Pirenne 's history did not trace the emergence of a Belgian `` Volksgeist '' ( national spirit ) but argued that Belgium had naturally developed as a cosmopolitan society to serve as a mediator between Latin and Germanic Europe . Pirenne did , however , believe in the existence of a distinctly Belgian civilisation ( civilisation belge ) reflecting a unique combination of external influences and which had changed over time without losing its distinctiveness . Publication began in 1900 and ended in 1932 after being disrupted for several years during the German occupation of Belgium ( 1914 -- 18 ) in which Pirenne had been held as a political prisoner . The seventh volume was awarded the Francqui Prize in 1933 . According to modern historians , Pirenne 's 1928 publication La Belgique et la Guerre Mondiale ( Belgium and the World War ) could be considered a chronological sequel , covering the period after the end of volume seven .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2137364e5bbd4fd4b69d30e910837dd2", "text": "Namur Namur ( -LSB- namyʁ -RSB- , Dutch : , Nameur in Walloon ) is a city and municipality in Wallonia , Belgium . It is both the capital of the province of Namur and of Wallonia , hosting the Walloon Parliament , Government and administration . Namur stands at the confluence of the Sambre and Meuse rivers and straddles three different regions -- Hesbaye to the north , Condroz to the south-east , and Entre-Sambre-et-Meuse to the south-west . The city of Charleroi is located to the west . The language spoken is French . The City of Namur includes the old communes of Beez , Belgrade , Saint-Servais , Saint-Marc , Bouge , Champion , Daussoulx , Flawinne , Malonne , Suarlée , Temploux , Vedrin , Boninne , Cognelée , Gelbressée , Marche-les-Dames , Dave , Jambes , Naninne , Wépion , Wierde , Erpent , Lives-sur-Meuse , and Loyers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "686d69923201c3abf180f0dcba9f271a", "text": "Union des Francophones The Union of Francophones ( Union des Francophones , UF ) is a political party in Belgium which participates as electoral lists in regional , provincial and municipal elections in the Flemish Province of Flemish Brabant . As its name suggests , its primary target are the French-speaking inhabitants of Flemish Brabant and particularly those who live in the officially Dutch-speaking area Halle-Vilvoorde including the -- now predominantly French-speaking -- municipalities with language facilities in the Brussels Periphery . Its main goal is to provide both constitutional exemptions for and privileges to Francophones living in Dutch-speaking Flanders , for example by annexing the municipalities with language facilities to the officially bilingual Brussels-Capital Region .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6c62e60f569184594b85de4232ea63e", "text": "Westhoek Westhoek ( Dutch for `` west corner '' ) can refer to the following places : Westhoek ( region ) a historical region in western Belgium and northern France Westhoek , sometimes referred to as Westland , South Holland , the area around Hoek van Holland Westhoek , Friesland , a village in Het Bildt , Freisland , Netherlands Westhoek , North Brabant , a polder area near Willemstad ( North Brabant ) in Moerdijk , North Brabant , Belgium Westhoek , Schouwen-Duiveland , a hamlet in Schouwen-Duiveland , Zeeland , Netherlands Westhoek , Walcheren , a neighborhood in Veere , Zeeland , Netherlands", "title": "" }, { "docid": "72cb7ebaf1825391254151fa9304e136", "text": "Belgium–Netherlands relations Belgian -- Dutch relations refer to interstate relations between the Belgium and the Netherlands . It can be seen as one of the closest international relationships in existence , marked by shared history , culture , institutions and language , extensive people-to-people links , aligned security interests , sporting tournaments and vibrant trade and investment cooperation . Relations were established after Belgium became independent from the United Kingdom of the Netherlands in 1839 . Both nations are great allies with cultural similarities and close cooperation between both governments . Dutch , known in Belgium as Flemish , is the most-spoken language in both countries . Approximately 35,000 Belgian nationals live in the Netherlands , while there are around 111,000 Dutch nationals in Belgium . Thanks to their shared history and the Dutch language , the Netherlands and Belgium have strong cultural ties . In 1980 , the two countries set up the Dutch Language Union to encourage greater cooperation in the field of Dutch language and literature . The Union offers services including language tools like dictionaries and a language advice service , education in and about Dutch , literature and reading skills , and activities promoting the Dutch language in Europe and the rest of the world . The Union also works to showcase the two countries ' shared cultural heritage . Belgium has an embassy in The Hague and consulates in Amsterdam , Maastricht , Nijmegen , Roosendaal , Rotterdam , Terneuzen , Vlissingen and Winsum , while the Netherlands has an embassy in Brussels and consulates in Antwerp , Ghent , Liège and Namur . Both nations are members of the European Union and NATO and , together with Luxembourg , form the Low Countries and the Benelux economic union . Many television programmes are made mutually between the two countries , such as So You Think You Can Dance and Benelux ' Next Top Model . The two countries were joint hosts of the UEFA Euro 2000 football tournament and ( unfruitfully ) made a bid to host the 2018 World Cup football .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "f39e0a8098268e247a82c728f2a1209d", "text": "Peer Åström Peer Åström ( born 1972 in Ljusdal , Sweden ) is a Swedish composer , lyricist , musician and record producer and partner with Anders Bagge . The two songwriters / producers are known as Bagge & Peer . They have together written and produced songs for Lara Fabian , Celine Dion , Madonna , Ace of Base , Ashley Tisdale , Enrique Iglesias , Jennifer Lopez and several others . Åström is an accomplished musician playing bass guitar , keyboards and drums . He was interested in music at a very young age . After high school , he studied music studies and moved to Stockholm and became a session musician for several artists . After Anders Bagge , already a renowned producer and songwriter heard a couple of Peer 's songs he invited Peer to collaborate with him on some writing/recording projects . Later in 2001 , Bag & Peer began to write and produce on a regular basis as a partnering couple . Åström eventually signed to Bagge 's record company Murlyn Music Group ( Murlyn Songs ) . Peer alongside Anders Bagge , and others co-wrote Celine Dion 's `` Have You Ever Been in Love '' and `` Sorry for Love '' . As a result , he was invited to Miami , Florida by Celine Dion and her producer Vito Luprano to work on the rest of the album A New Day Has Come . The album went on to sell 9 million copies worldwide . Celine Dion 's cover hit single `` I Drove All Night '' was co-produced by Peer Åström . Peer Åström co-wrote and co-produced two songs with Cyndi Lauper and Johan Bobäck for Lauper 's 2008 album Bring Ya to the Brink . In 2008 , he mixed the song `` Un Garcon '' for the French singer Lorie . He is the co-producer of many featured songs in the TV series Glee .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "8d036e65e217a566fafce01aec507cd2", "text": "Andy Kim Andrew Youakim , performing as Andy Kim , is a Canadian pop rock singer and songwriter . He grew up in Montreal , Quebec . He is known for a number of hits that he released in the late 1960s and 1970s , such as `` Rock Me Gently '' , which topped the US singles chart in 1974 . He co-wrote `` Sugar , Sugar '' for The Archies ; it was # 1 for four weeks and was `` Record of the Year '' for 1969 . He has recorded under the stage name Baron Longfellow since the mid-1980s or just as Longfellow in the early 1990s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "81e89778b107255c4a89d723fe317e2a", "text": "Steph Carse Stéphane Dostie ( born May 22 , 1966 ) , credited as Steph Carse and formerly credited as Stef Carse on his French albums , is a Canadian pop singer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "631a9534136fe8ae371dc25f18c10982", "text": "To Love You More `` To Love You More '' is a single by Celine Dion , written by David Foster and Edgar Bronfman , Jr. , writing under the pen-name Junior Miles . It was released in Japan on 21 October 1995 . The lyrics are about a woman who makes an impassioned plea to her lover so that he does not leave her for another woman .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b53dec8974602f23e5bbe52b798e023b", "text": "Erica Ehm Erica Miechowsky ( born September 30 , 1961 ) , known professionally as Erica Ehm , is a Canadian writer , songwriter , entrepreneur and TV host . She is best known as a pioneering video jockey at the Canadian cable television station MuchMusic . She began her television career by contributing to Musi-Video , a local rock and video show produced in Montreal , Quebec . She graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Communications from the University of Ottawa , Ehm left MuchMusic after ten years to concentrate on her songwriting career . Since then , she has returned periodically to television , hosting or appearing in shows including Yummy Mummy on Life Network and Discovery Health in the U.S. among other countries , Popstars - The One ( Global ) , Real Life with Erica Ehm ( Life Network ) , Power Play ( Discovery Channel Canada ) , The Company ( TVOntario ) , Nestlé Baby and You ( Rogers Cable ) and Science : From A to Ehm . After having a child in 2000 with her partner Terry Moshenberg , who founded The League of Rock , and another child in 2003 , she runs the Yummy Mummy Club . She has written three stage musicals for the family market . After her first play , Caillou 's Big Party , sold out in theatres across North America , she was commissioned to write two other shows , The Big Comfy Couch and Caillou 's Big Book Club . Ehm has written songs which have been recorded by , among others , Van Morrison , Tim Thorney , Cassandra Vasik and Tom Jackson . She has won three Canadian Country Music Awards and three SOCAN Awards . She co-wrote the theme song for the animated film and series Pippi Longstocking . Her song `` Love Me Even More '' was chosen as the theme for the feature film Some Things That Stay . She had a modest acting career , appearing in Alfred Hitchcock Presents as a secretary , RoboCop : The Series as television news anchor Rocky Crenshaw , as `` Benita '' in a stage play version of Brad Fraser 's Unidentified Human Remains and the True Nature of Love , as a madam in Replikator and as Vicky in Jigsaw . Ehm authored She Should Talk : Conversations with Exceptional Women about Life , Dreams and Success , published by HarperCollins , as well as a children 's book , The Mischievous Mom at the Art Gallery . In 2002 , she hosted a weekly call-in show on CFRB 1010 , a Toronto news/talk radio station , combining current events and lifestyle topics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e014d6483d8d1cf2bcb1d2ae679c6284", "text": "Astroboyz Astroboyz is a French record producing duo made up of : Tom Grégoire Pierre-Antoine Melki , later known as Nius ( part of duo soFLY & Nius ) They have worked very notably with M. Pokora in his album Mise à jour . Category : French record producers", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ffe103bf597740ccd83d07f9c1ce4a7f", "text": "Heartbreaker (Dionne Warwick album) Heartbreaker is a 1982 album by American singer Dionne Warwick , her fourth for the Arista label . It was largely written by the Bee Gees , and produced by Barry Gibb with Karl Richardson and Albhy Galuten ; Gibb and Galuten also served as musicians on the album . Heartbreaker sold an estimated three million copies worldwide . In the United States , the album was certified Gold for sales in excess of 500,000 copies . In the United Kingdom , it reached No. 3 on the UK Albums Chart and was certified Platinum . The title track , which was the album 's lead single , hit the US Pop Top 10 as well as No. 1 Adult Contemporary in the United States , and No. 2 in the UK . The following two singles were `` Take the Short Way Home '' ( US Billboard No. 41 , Cash Box No. 32 ) and `` All The Love in the World '' ( the latter reaching the UK Top 10 ) . In the UK , `` Yours '' was also released as a single .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a9726d4024ea0627bc7672749f4b40e6", "text": "Encore un soir `` Encore un soir '' ( meaning `` One More Night '' ) is a song recorded by Canadian singer Celine Dion , released as the lead single from her French-language album of the same name , issued on 26 August 2016 . It was written by Jean-Jacques Goldman , and produced by Goldman , Yann Macé and Luc Leroy . The song is dedicated to Dion 's late husband René Angélil , who died in January 2016 . `` Encore un soir '' garnered positive reviews from music critics and topped the charts in France , Quebec and the French-speaking part of Switzerland , Romandy . It also reached the top ten in Luxembourg and Belgium .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db0f97eb36cdef91265b8d466b81de39", "text": "Hans Åström Hans `` Måsen '' Åström ( born 28 November 1968 ) is a retired Swedish bandy player who played as a forward . Åström was brought up by Bollnäs GIF but only played in the first team for one season in his original spell although he did returned later in his career . Hans has represented the Swedish national bandy team . A cousin of Prince Daniel , Duke of Västergötland , his mother Anna-Britta is a sister of Prince Daniel 's father . He is also a godfather to Prince Oscar , second child of the Prince Daniel and Princess Victoria of Sweden .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e5a5dbced6b3b50e237e1a1c213bbbd", "text": "Le ballet (Celine Dion song) `` Le ballet '' ( meaning `` The Ballet '' ) is a radio single by Celine Dion from her album D'eux . It was released in January 1996 in France and was immediately a huge radio hit , ranking as the 6th most economically profitable song of 1996 in France . `` Le ballet '' is a bluesy groove song , with percussive finger snaps , harmonica and electric guitar that shows Dion singing blues for first time . The song is an example of D'eux style that was influenced by continental pop , folk music , jazz and 1970s soul . Written and produced by Jean-Jacques Goldman this track is considered an example of Goldman 's handling of mature topics and feelings and is known for Dion 's imitations of instruments . Starting in her D'eux Tour in 1995 , and featured on the Live à Paris album , she used an extended version of this song to introduce all her band members . She performed the song similarly on her Falling Into You Around the World Tour . There was no video made for the song . `` Le ballet '' was included as the B-side of `` Falling into You '' single , released later . The song peaked at number five on the French Airplay Chart . It spent two weeks inside top ten and eleven weeks on the chart in total . It was also featured on some editions of Dion 's greatest hits compilation On ne change pas in 2005 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d71efae12f29dea391ecf8804786f7b", "text": "Tender Is the Night (Johnny Mathis album) Tender Is the Night is an album by American pop singer Johnny Mathis that was released by Mercury Records on January 23 , 1964 and included selections from stage and screen as well as two new songs from `` Fly Me to the Moon '' composer Bart Howard . This first of four studio albums that Mathis released that year debuted on Billboard magazine 's Top LP 's chart in the issue dated February 15 , 1964 , and remained there for 28 weeks , peaking at number 13 . The album was released on compact disc for the first time as one of two albums in a two-CD set by Sony Music Entertainment on August 28 , 2012 , the other album being Mathis 's follow-up from the summer of 1964 , The Wonderful World of Make Believe . Tender Is The Night was also included in Sony 's Mathis box set The Complete Global Albums Collection , which was released on November 17 , 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "32186ae9cff551b68804a7c4a676ccf7", "text": "Karin Glenmark Karin Glenmark , born 8 April 1952 , is a Swedish pop and rock singer . She is the niece to Bruno Glenmark and sister to Anders Glenmark . Together with Anders , she is a part of the siblings duo Gemini , and together with uncle Bruno and his wife Ann-Louise Hanson , they formed the group Glenmarks . She has participated in Melodifestivalen five times . Together with Glenmarks in 1973 with the song En liten sång som alla andra ( finished 45h ) , I annorlunda land ( 8th ) 1974 , and Lady Antoinette ( 6th plats ) 1975 . In 1983 she took part alone with the song Se ( 3rd place ) , and in 1984 together with the brother Anders , with the song Kall som is ( 4th place ) . The following year , Karin and Anders took the Gemini name , as suggested by Björn Ulvaeus of ABBA ( who , together with Benny Andersson , co-produced Gemini 's two albums . ) The 1996 release was produced by Michael Saxell who also composed all the songs . Swedish poet Jacques Werup wrote the lyrics . Karin has three children : Lisa , Nils and Anton . Nils Tull is active in the music industry ( singing in the band Hoffmaestro ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87fbcd5612619898d509794354f096bd", "text": "Amélie (soundtrack) Amélie is the soundtrack to the 2001 French film Amélie , a motion picture set in Paris , France , about a young woman endeavouring to help and improve the lives of those around her . Having been home-schooled since childhood , Amélie finally leaves her lifelong home and begins to discover her true vocation in life : awarding her neighbours and colleagues love and happiness . But when Amélie chances upon her own romance , her adventure truly begins -- ever captured by the music of Yann Tiersen . Director Jean-Pierre Jeunet chanced upon the accordion - and piano-driven music of Yann Tiersen while driving with his production assistant who put on a CD he had not heard before . Greatly impressed , he immediately bought Tiersen 's entire catalogue and eventually commissioned him to compose pieces for the film . The soundtrack features both compositions from Tiersen 's first three albums , but also new items , variants of which can be found on his fourth album , L'Absente , which he was writing at the same time . Beside the accordion and piano the music features parts played with harpsichord , banjo , bass guitar , vibraphone and even a bicycle wheel at the end of `` La Dispute '' ( which plays over the opening titles in the motion picture ) . Prior to discovering Tiersen , Jeunet was primarily considering composer Michael Nyman to score the film . `` Les Jours tristes '' was co-written with Neil Hannon of The Divine Comedy . The track later received English lyrics , and was released by The Divine Comedy as a b-side to the Regeneration single `` Perfect Lovesong . '' The English-language version also appeared on Tiersen 's L'Absente .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "24b48fa89ce842c0d16741725747115b", "text": "Kiss & Love `` Kiss & Love '' is a 2014 charity song and a single with lyrics by Lionel Florence and music by Pascal Obispo . Around 120 artists from France and other French-speaking countries took part in the song and the music videos . All revenues from the sale of the record go into Sidaction , a major French public event that started in 1994 in France for raising awareness and collecting charitable funds for AIDS . It donates important sums to various AIDS charities , HIV/AIDS research , institutions specializing in medical care and social aid for those suffering of HIV/AIDS in France and internationally . The 2014 Sidaction project was under the direction of Pascal Obispo , being the 20th anniversary of the Sidaction association that was established in 1994 . The title track `` Kiss & Love '' is the only original song arranged by Brice Davoli with artistic contributions by Alain Souchon , Julien Clerc , Jean-Jacques Goldman , Francis Cabrel et Françoise Hardy and others . The other twenty tracks in the same-titled album are interpreted by various French-language artists in duos , trios etc. .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66beaa429c8888f36e7a01fd082d9896", "text": "My Worlds Acoustic My Worlds Acoustic is the first remix album by Canadian recording artist Justin Bieber . It was released on November 26 , 2010 and was initially sold exclusively at Walmart retail stores and Sam 's Club . The album features nine acoustic versions of songs from his debut extended play , My World , and first album My World 2.0 , as well as a new song `` Pray . '' The new versions of the songs were produced by Bieber 's music director , Dan Kanter , his vocal producer Kuk Harrell , and also producer Rob Wells . Internationally , the set is included as a part of the compilation album , My Worlds : The Collection , which included songs from the previous two releases . My Worlds Acoustic was released to iTunes , on February 8 , 2011 . According to Bieber , he wanted to release the album for the naysayers who critiqued his actual singing ability . The singer said that he wanted to have an acoustic album , to reflect the effect of production on his vocals . Although labeled as an acoustic album , the songs still include subtle usages of electronic sounds such as synthesizers . The album received generally favorable reviews from critics , however most critics were not satisfied that the album was not genuinely acoustic . In Canada , the song debuted at number five , and later peaked at number four on the Canadian Albums Chart and certified Platinum by the Canadian Recording Industry Association . My Worlds Acoustic debuted at number seven on the US Billboard 200 , selling 115,000 copies in its first week , becoming Bieber 's third consecutive top ten album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d2d423f9731e7fe955f9a2e134497c5", "text": "That's the Way It Is (Celine Dion song) `` That 's the Way It Is '' is the lead single from Celine Dion 's greatest hits album All the Way ... A Decade of Song , released on 1 November 1999 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "13ab0408f5505353f9786b05a8a23d85", "text": "Patronaat Patronaat is one of the 10 largest alternative pop music halls in the Netherlands and was established in 1984 . It is located at the Zijlsingel in Haarlem , near the city center . In 2003 the old building was replaced with a brand new concert hall , which was being used for the first time in 2005 . Between September 2003 until May 2005 a temporary location at the Oostvest functioned as Haarlem 's concert hall . The new building was designed by architect Paul Diederen of the architecture firm Diederen Dirriox Architecten of Eindhoven . The building 's capacity was significantly increased with a large hall for 1000 visitors , a second one for some 350 guests and a music bar for 100 people , which has live music three days in the week , free of admission . A total of 500 events is organised every year , for some 140.000 people . With a strong program and a character of its own Patronaat provides progressive pop music and meets the wishes of its catchment . Over the years artists like Willy DeVille , Solomon Burke , Tori Amos , Dick Dale , Herman Brood , Living Colour , Bo Diddley , dEUS , Zita Swoon , Gabriel Rios , Rickie Lee Jones , The Gutter Twins , Steve Lukather , José Feliciano , Babyshambles , Calexico , Michael Franti & Spearhead , but also heavy acts like Limp Bizkit , Anthrax , The Bloodhound Gang , Marillion , The Misfits , Danko Jones , Soulfly , Therapy ? , New Model Army , Y&T , Neurosis , Cradle of Filth , Obituary , D.R.I. , Helmet , Dimmu Borgir and Deicide , as well as large names in the electronic music world like Paul Kalkbrenner , Dave Clarke , Knife Party , Steve Aoki , Modeselektor , Jeff Mills , James Holden , DJ Hell , Orbital , Leftfield , Battles , Pendulum , Chase & Status , Nero , Camo & Krooked , Andy C , Sub Focus , Aphrodite , Ed Rush , Benga , Skream , Caspa and Rusko have found their way to the Haarlem venue .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f409fa8f62bdaf2dba63c462864ccec5", "text": "The Power of the Dream `` The Power of the Dream '' is a single by Celine Dion , released on 20 August 1996 in Japan . `` The Power of the Dream '' was written and produced by David Foster , Linda Thompson , and Babyface for the opening ceremony of the 1996 Summer Olympics . Dion performed it in front of more than 100,000 people , in addition to over three and a half billion television viewers . She gave away the money she received for the occasion , to support Canadian athletes . The music video shows Céline Dion performing the song during the opening ceremony of the 1996 Summer Olympics with David Foster on the piano , accompanied by the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra and the Centennial Choir ( Morehouse College Glee Club , Spelman College Glee Club and the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra Chorus ) . The single peaked at number 30 on the Oricon Singles Chart in Japan and was certified gold ( 75,000 copies sold ) . Although it was not released in other countries , many radio stations all over the world played `` The Power of the Dream '' and it even charted on some airplay charts . The song was included on the limited editions of the Falling into You album in Asia and Australia . `` The Power of the Dream '' was also a B-side of `` Because You Loved Me '' , `` It 's All Coming Back to Me Now '' , and `` All by Myself '' singles . It became available worldwide on Dion 's 2000 compilation The Collector 's Series , Volume One . In 2008 , the song was included on the U.S. version of My Love : Essential Collection .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f038c1447dde8aff0f7dcd25230a6b7", "text": "GMA Canada The Gospel Music Association of Canada or GMA Canada ( formerly known as the CGMA ) is a not for profit association , founded in 1974 , whose purpose is to promote Christian music in Canada . GMA Canada assists Christian artists , songwriters , producers , promoters and others working in Christian music to promote their work with media , retailers , distributors and church leadership . The organization runs educational programs and presents the annual Covenant Awards . It releases recordings of Christian music such as the annual `` Covenant Hits '' and the 30th Anniversary Collection of 2008 , and has instituted a `` Canada Song Hall of Fame '' featuring traditional Christian songs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b171098dbea6c63f8363fc56eee3b6f3", "text": "Introducing Dionne Bromfield Introducing Dionne Bromfield is the debut album from British singer Dionne Bromfield . In September 2009 , it was announced that Bromfield , then 13 years old was the first artist to be signed to her godmother Amy Winehouse 's new record label Lioness Records . The album was released on 12 October 2009 , reaching number 33 on the UK album charts . To promote the album , Bromfield released two singles : `` Mama Said '' and `` Ai n't No Mountain High Enough '' as well as performing on various TV shows and events including Strictly Come Dancing with Winehouse on backing vocals and at the Young Voices concert at the M.E.N. Arena in 2009 and at the O2 Arena in 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "910b1165e6d62c52b57560f2eeb77173", "text": "Romantically Romantically is an album by American pop singer Johnny Mathis that was released on November 18 , 1963 , by Columbia Records and was also the final original studio album recorded by Mathis for the label prior to his moving to Mercury Records . Mathis had recorded exclusively for Columbia from 1956 to 1963 . After a brief stint with Mercury , he returned to Columbia in 1967 . His first Mercury project , Sounds of Christmas , was actually released six weeks before this one , on October 4 . Romantically made its first appearance on Billboard magazine 's album chart in the issue dated December 28 , 1963 , and peaked at number 23 over the course of 27 weeks . The first compact disc release of the album came on June 9 , 2009 , when it was issued as disc two of a two-CD set that also included his 1962 LP Rapture .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "c4bd6293df203c24578ce9124e505541", "text": "Toyota is a Japanese multinational , and as of 2017 the world 's largest , automotive manufacturer headquartered in Toyota , Aichi , Japan . In March 2014 , Toyota 's corporate structure consisted of 338,875 employees worldwide and , , was the ninth-largest company in the world by revenue . Toyota was the world 's first automobile manufacturer to produce more than 10 million vehicles per year which it has done since 2012 , when it also reported the production of its 200-millionth vehicle . , Toyota was the largest listed company in Japan by market capitalization ( worth more than twice as much as # 2-ranked SoftBank ) and by revenue . Toyota is the world 's market leader in sales of hybrid electric vehicles , and one of the largest companies to encourage the mass-market adoption of hybrid vehicles across the globe . Cumulative global sales of Toyota and Lexus hybrid passenger car models achieved the 10 million milestone in January 2017 . Its Prius family is the world 's top selling hybrid nameplate with over 6 million units sold worldwide . The company was founded by Kiichiro Toyoda in 1937 , as a spinoff from his father 's company Toyota Industries to create automobiles . Three years earlier , in 1934 , while still a department of Toyota Industries , it created its first product , the Type A engine , and its first passenger car in 1936 , the Toyota AA . Toyota Motor Corporation produces vehicles under five brands , including the Toyota brand , Hino , Lexus , Ranz , and Daihatsu . It also holds a 16.66 % stake in Subaru Corporation , a 5.9 % stake in Isuzu , as well as joint-ventures with two in China ( GAC Toyota and Sichuan FAW Toyota Motor ) , one in India ( Toyota Kirloskar ) , one in the Czech Republic ( TPCA ) , along with several `` nonautomotive '' companies . TMC is part of the Toyota Group , one of the largest conglomerates in the world .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "0fb295cb2a89e8ee50bdca336d092e9b", "text": "Toyota Sera The Toyota Sera ( model designation EXY10 ) is a 2 +2 hatchback coupe designed and built by Toyota from 1990 to 1996 . Although produced solely for the Japanese market , it raised interest overseas and has since been imported by car enthusiasts into several countries , including Australia , Bangladesh , Canada , India , Ireland , New Zealand , Pakistan , Sri Lanka , Sweden , the UK , and the USA . It was initially unveiled in 1988 as the Toyota AXV-II concept car in almost production-ready form . The name comes from the French word meaning `` will be '' ( the French verb `` being '' in future tense ) , indicative of both the overall futuristic design and also the closeness of the concept car to the final production version . The Sera is most notable for its butterfly doors which tilt up and forward when opened , and the canopy constructed largely of glass panels .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "603300b74dc8c1c26de6f24d36995c0f", "text": "1996 in motoring 1996 in motoring includes with developments in the automotive industry that occurred throughout the year 1996 by various automobile manufacturers , grouped by country . The automotive industry designs , develops , manufactures , markets , and sells motor vehicles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1856a66d6c0e12e3c142c0f57414245f", "text": "Tianjin FAW Tianjin FAW ( officially Tianjin FAW Xiali Automobile Co. , Ltd. ) is an automobile company based in Tianjin , China and a subsidiary of FAW Group . Its principal activity is the design , development , manufacture and distribution of automobiiles sold under the Xiali and Vita marques . It is listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange . Tianjin FAW was founded in 1965 and was originally considered one of the `` three smalls '' of the Chinese automotive industry , together with Guangzhou Honda and Beijing . Tianjin FAW moved into third place in the Chinese market in 1997 . By 2000 they were in second place , in spite of the low quality of their products . Tianjin FAW has since lost market share to several new Chinese automobile manufacturers . Tianjin FAW operates a joint venture with Toyota , Tianjin FAW Toyota Motor Co. , Ltd. , which produces Toyota passenger cars for the Chinese market including the Corolla , Crown , Reiz and Vios .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a566e9e1d89e5ea577e3dfc0b46eb0a", "text": "Toyota Fortuner The , also known as the Toyota SW4 , is a mid-size SUV manufactured by Toyota . Originally assembled only in Thailand but later also in Indonesia and other countries , the Fortuner is built on the Toyota Hilux pickup truck platform . It features three rows of seats and is available in rear-wheel drive or four-wheel drive . The Fortuner is part of Toyota 's IMV project in Thailand , which also includes the Toyota Hilux and the Kijang Innova ( in Indonesia ) . Developed in large part by Toyota 's Thai operations , the Fortuner has piggybacked the success of the Hilux and is now built in a number of countries including Pakistan , India , Argentina and Indonesia . While the first generation Fortuner was developed in Thailand by Thai and Japanese engineers , the facelift version of the Fortuner , as well as the Hilux and the Innova , was designed in Australia by Toyota Australia , which is also responsible for developing the next generation of the Fortuner . This car was the best selling in its category ( SUV/PPV ) in Thailand and the Philippines , and is hugely popular in India . The Fortuner is not offered in Japan , Europe , North America , China or South Korea . For the medium pick-up based SUV segment in those markets , Toyota offers the Hilux Surf ( Japan ) , 4Runner ( North America ) and Land Cruiser Prado ( Europe , Australasia and China ) . However , in some Central and South American countries and New Zealand , Toyota offers the Fortuner alongside the 4Runner and Land Cruiser Prado , like in Panama or Colombia . The name `` Fortuner '' comes from the English word , Fortune .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "83c061ab812790eb80cf63cfa932873e", "text": "Arrol-Johnston Arrol-Johnston ( later known as Arrol-Aster ) was an early Scottish manufacturer of automobiles , which operated from 1896 to 1931 and produced the first automobile manufactured in Britain . The company also developed the world 's first `` off-road '' vehicle for the Egyptian government , and another designed to travel on ice and snow for Ernest Shackleton 's Nimrod Expedition to the South Pole .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "506d427198fa7f9538a598f87bf60be0", "text": "Toyota Corona The Toyota Corona was an automobile manufactured by the Japanese automaker Toyota between 1957 and 2003 . Traditionally , the competitor from Nissan was the Nissan Bluebird . The word `` corona '' is Latin for `` crown '' , a reference to an earlier vehicle Toyota offered called the Toyota Crown . It was exclusive to Toyopet Store dealership channels in Japan , while the larger Crown was available only at Toyota Store locations . In many countries , the Corona was one of Toyota 's first international exports , and was shortly joined by the smaller Toyota Corolla , providing buyers with a choice of a larger car , with similar operating expenses to the smaller Corolla . The Corona was Toyota 's second sedan in their hierarchy of products , just below the Crown , until 1968 when the Corona name was used on a larger , all new platform called the Toyota Corona Mark II , which gave buyers more interior space while still offering dependable , affordable performance . The Corona became successful in export markets and was marketed under a number of different nameplates worldwide -- including those branded in much of Asia as Coronas marketed in European markets as Carinas . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b2513be1bb8c70e70ff998d9d91bc4d", "text": "Toyota Raum The Toyota Raum is a small , 5-seat compact MPV that first appeared in May 1997 . The second generation was released in May 2003 . It was sold only in Japan at Toyota Netz retail sales channels . The vehicle 's name is German for chamber , berth , room , space , expanse , scope , area , or sphere and attempts to emphasize the vast amount of space it contains relative to its size . This is because the front doors on both the driver and passenger sides open conventionally , but the rear doors slide open rearward and attach to the top and bottom of the door openings and interlock to the front doors . The Raum uses a similar door approach also used on the first-generation Mitsubishi RVR/Space Runner . There is no doorjamb between the front and rear doors that the doors attach to on the passenger side , and the passenger front seat folds flat upon itself and then can be folded forward while still being attached to the floor at the front bottom of the seat . The rear seats can be folded flat with a 60:40 split or can also be folded forward individually for a rear flat cargo floor . The automatic transmission gear selector is dashboard mounted , thereby freeing up the flat floor space between the front seats , allowing movement to the back seat from inside the vehicle . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9e47c9acf11be553ae153a1d94dd00b7", "text": "Subaru Corporation , formerly known as ( FHI ) , is a Japanese multinational corporation and conglomerate primarily involved in aerospace and ground transportation manufacturing , known for its line of Subaru automobiles . The company 's aerospace division serves as a defense contractor to the Japanese government , manufacturing Boeing and Lockheed Martin helicopters and airplanes under license along with being a global development and manufacturing partner to both companies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ed4dd908f93bc934ec095a443c1ef92", "text": "Toyota Brevis The Toyota Brevis is a former mid-sized luxury sedan introduced in May 2001 , that was sold only in Japan . Sales started in June , 2001 . The Brevis was produced for seven years before being discontinued in 2007 , with no replacement . The Brevis was exclusive to Toyota Japan dealerships Toyota Store , while its twin the Toyota Progrès was exclusive to Toyopet Store locations . The word `` brevis '' is Latin for `` brief , a short amount of time or duration '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45b265f14064c0e75c18a0eb3816bfa5", "text": "1950s American automobile culture 1950s American automobile culture has had an enduring influence on the culture of the United States , as reflected in popular music , major trends from the 1950s and mainstream acceptance of the `` hot rod '' culture . The American manufacturing economy switched from producing war-related items to consumer goods at the end of World War II , and by the end of the 1950s , one in six working Americans were employed either directly or indirectly in the automotive industry . The United States became the world 's largest manufacturer of automobiles , and Henry Ford 's goal of 30 years earlier -- that any man with a good job should be able to afford an automobile -- was achieved . A new generation of service businesses focusing on customers with their automobiles sprang up during the decade , including drive-through or drive-in restaurants and more drive-in theaters ( cinemas ) . The decade began with 25 million registered automobiles on the road , most of which predated World War II and were in poor condition ; no automobiles or parts were produced during the war owing to rationing and restrictions . By 1950 , most factories had made the transition to a consumer-based economy , and more than 8 million cars were produced that year alone . By 1958 , there were more than 67 million cars registered in the United States , more than twice the number at the start of the decade . As part of the U.S. national defenses , to support military transport , the National Highway System was expanded with Interstate highways , beginning in 1955 , across many parts of the United States . The wider , multi-lane highways allowed traffic to move at faster speeds , with few or no stoplights on the way . The wide-open spaces along the highways became a basis for numerous billboards showing advertisements . The dawning of the Space Age and Space Race were reflected in contemporary American automotive styling . Large tailfins , flowing designs reminiscent of rockets , and radio antennas that imitated Sputnik 1 were common , owing to the efforts of design pioneers such as Harley Earl .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ff9d4e353c29f1878cbdb68162e89b8", "text": "Toyota Automobile Museum The is a large museum showcasing Toyota 's storied past . It is a large complex located in Nagakute city , a city close to Nagoya , Japan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e37e12debdbd027fc3a7abee28a97c38", "text": "Sedan (automobile) A sedan -LSB- sᵻˈdæn -RSB- ( American , Canadian , Australian , and New Zealand English ) or saloon ( British , Irish and Indian English ) is a passenger car in a three-box configuration with A , B & C-pillars and principal volumes articulated in separate compartments for engine , passenger and cargo . The passenger compartment features two rows of seats and adequate passenger space in the rear compartment for adult passengers . The cargo compartment is typically in the rear , with the exception of some rear-engined models , such as the Renault Dauphine , Tatra T613 , Volkswagen Type 3 and Chevrolet Corvair . It is one of the most common car body styles . A battery electric liftback such as the Tesla Model S has no engine compartment , but a front cargo compartment and a rear compartment for cargo or optionally for additional passengers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d6b53a9dffa23fc5f35923e0f3717e8", "text": "1983 in motoring This article 1983 in motoring deals with developments in the automotive industry throughout the year 1983 by various automobile manufacturers , grouped by country . The automotive industry designs , develops , manufactures , markets , and sells motor vehicles , and is one of the Earth 's most important economic sectors by revenue . The first practical automobile with a petrol engine was built by Karl Benz in 1885 in Mannheim , Germany . 1983 saw a great number of new model launches in Europe , with the popularity of the hatchback bodystyle continuing to gather pace and now being the most popular bodystyle in many countries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aae1641e39126be7fff2d4138b7bd4a5", "text": "James Cunningham, Son and Company James Cunningham , Son and Company was an American business based in Rochester , New York , initially manufacturing horse-drawn coaches , it eventually went on to develop and produce motorized automobiles from 1908 onward . The Cunningham company was a pioneer in automobile production credited with being one the world 's first developers and manufacturers of automobiles and one of the first car-makers to produce an American V8 engine automobile , in 1916 . The company also developed the M1 Armored Car ( T24 ) , tested by the Ordnance Department in 1931 . For instrumentation use , James Cunningham , Son and Company made high-speed , very-long-life crossbar switches with physically small mechanical parts which permitted faster operation than telephone-type crossbar switches . The firm dates back to 1838 , when James Cunningham joined the carriage firm Kerr , Cunningham , And Company . <", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55db7489be1d01b85697b082a0d065cf", "text": "Automotive Industries Automotive Industries , Ltd. ( תעשיות רכב נצרת עלית , תע '' ר , Ta'asiyot Rekhev Natzrat Ilit , AIL ) is an Israeli automaker and major supplier of the Israeli Security Forces . Located in Nazareth Illit , the company was founded in 1966 by Automotive Equipment Group as a plant for the assembly of cars and trucks . AIL has since increased its role in the vehicle 's manufacture , doing much of the work on several early Willys MB-derivatives , and the more recent M462 trucks and AIL Storm ( Sufa ) series of Jeep Wrangler-derivatives , and the AIL Desert Raider . AIL was also an assembly-point for the Israel Defense Forces of Humvees , but US foreign aid guarantees caused contracts to be moved to plants in the United States . AIL is developing the Storm III which began production in August 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b6f1800485475ad4f6037061643b510", "text": "Wanderer W22 The Wanderer W22 was an upper-middle-class six-cylinder sedan introduced by Auto Union under the Wanderer brand in 1933 . It replaced the W20 8/40 PS , from which it inherited its OHV engine , developed by Ferdinand Porsche . Two years after introduction , in 1935 , the car was renamed as the Wanderer W240 , and in 1936 it was renamed again as the Wanderer W40 . The engine and principal mechanical components remained very little changed throughout , however , as did the wheelbase and other principal chassis measurements . The car therefore was , and generally still is , regarded as a single model despite the name changes . At launch the W22 differed from its predecessor most notably on account of its swing rear axle , supported by lateral leaf springing , adopting a pattern established by Ferdinand Porsche during his time with the ( at the time still independent ) Austrian Steyr company . Another new feature in the W22 was the hydraulic braking system . The car was powered by a six-cylinder four-stroke ohv engine of 1950 cc driving the rear wheels via a four-speed gearbox . This was the same engine which was installed ( albeit turned around with its drive shaft facing the front of the car ) in the innovative Audi Front which was launched at the same time . As on the Audi , claimed maximum power output was 40 PS at 3,500 rpm . However , whereas the Audi received the larger engine from the new Wanderer 245 in 1935 , the Wanderer W22/W240/W40 retained the same 1950 cc engine throughout its life . Initially the car was offered as a `` six-light '' ( six side window ) four-door saloon and as a two-door cabriolet . Additional configurations were offered a year later including a commodious six-seat `` Pullman-limousine '' . The 1935 name change from W22 to W240 coincided with the introduction of a four-door saloon with just two principal side windows on each side . With this body the Wanderer W240 appeared streamlined beside the conservatively styled contemporary Mercedes-Benz sedans . It more closely resembled a chunkier version of the Citroën Traction introduced in France late in 1933 . At the same time the cabriolet version was modified , losing its rear side windows in favour of a more extensive hood . The `` Pullman-limousine '' continued to be offered . There were no significant changes to the car accompanying the 1936 name change to Wanderer W40 . The Wanderer W22/W240/W40 shared its 3000 mm wheelbase with the six-cylinder 1690 cc W21/W235/W35 and , after 1935 , the six-cylinder 2257 cc W245/W250/W45 / W50 models . Taking all the 3-metre wheelbase models together , 29,111 of these six-cylinder Wanderers were produced between 1933 and 1938 . Auto Union did not directly replace their W22/W240/W40 . However , the larger-engined six-cylinder models were effectively replaced by the Wanderer W23 , which appeared in 1937 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e0d490123a426479445020276f8a59e", "text": "Suzuki Suzulight Suzulight was the brand used for the kei cars built by the Suzuki Motor Corporation from 1955 to 1969 . They were Suzuki 's first entry into automotive manufacturing , having previously only produced motorcycles . The Suzulight sedans and light vans all had transversely mounted engines and front-wheel drive . The Suzulight Carry trucks and vans were the first to use the Carry label , still around today .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1fa32928e007c4025c7cebf99a7550c5", "text": "Nissan Laurel The Nissan Laurel is an automobile which was produced by Japanese manufacturer Nissan from 1969 to 2002 . It was introduced in 1968 as a new model positioned above the 1968 Datsun Bluebird 510 , with the same sense of luxury found in the Nissan Cedric 130 but with slightly reduced dimensions . The first Laurel was developed by the Nissan Tsurumi R&D Division and assembled at the Musashimurayama Plant of the former Prince Motor Company . There were both 2-door and 4-door variants . It was released as a Nissan after Prince merged with Nissan . Laurels for years shared many components and architectures with the Skyline range . The Laurel was not sold new in Japan at Nissan Prince Shop locations that sold the Skyline and Gloria , former Prince products . Instead the Laurel was sold at Nissan Motor Shop as the junior model to the larger V-8 powered Nissan President . Since 1968 , eight generations of Laurel have been produced in Japan . Nissan intermittently listed the Laurel for sale in various Asian and European markets ( it was also sold in Chile and Panama , as the Datsun Laurel , starting in the late seventies ) , and then discontinued the export of this model from 1989 . In Japan , the Laurel was n't marketed as a Datsun ; it was always labeled as a Nissan . The Laurel was cancelled as a result of Nissan Revival Plan as a casualty of overproduction . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5877cd160eb367e1ef7c17b5998a0d7d", "text": "Audi Front Initially presented early in 1933 , the Audi Front UW 220 was Europe 's first car to combine front-wheel drive with a six-cylinder engine . It remained in production for slightly under two years before being replaced by the Audi Front UW 225 featuring a larger 2.25-litre engine . The larger-engined car introduced in 1935 was built till April 1938 and continued to be listed into 1939 . Between 1933 and 1938 , the Front was the only Audi in volume production .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b3cb6cb673dff79b9da9c55f1babb55", "text": "Nissan Presea The Nissan Presea was a compact car , produced for the Asian market from 1990 to 2000 . It competed with entry level luxury 4-door hardtop sedans that were popular in Japan during the 1990s , notably the Toyota Corolla Ceres , the Toyota Sprinter Marino , the Honda Integra , and the Mazda Lantis . `` Presea '' is Spanish for `` jewel '' or `` important '' .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "5aef5c345feb43c1c140277cc8e9fdf0", "text": "Miss Selfridge Miss Selfridge is a nationwide UK high street store which began as the young fashion section of Selfridges department store in London in 1966 . Miss Selfridge got its name when Charles Clore , the owner of Selfridges at the time , saw a window display in the Bonwit Teller store in New York City which showed `` Miss Bonwit '' dresses aimed specifically at teenagers . He later launched it throughout his Lewis 's & Selfridges stores throughout the UK", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "8c7d425819651233177409cc330cf202", "text": "Marsha's Scheme of Diamonds `` Marsha 's Scheme of Diamonds '' is the 58th episode of the Batman television series . It originally aired on ABC , on November 24 , 1966 and guest starred Carolyn Jones as Marsha , Queen of Diamonds .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a3ad5fc5240a434767c06be11988deb8", "text": "Audrey Evans Audrey Elizabeth Evans ( born 1925 ) is a pediatric oncologist , known for developing the Evans Staging System for neuroblastoma . She also is one of the co-founders of the original Ronald McDonald House in Philadelphia . Born in York , England , Audrey Evans trained at the Royal College of Surgeons in Edinburgh . She came to the United States in 1953 as a Fulbright Fellow at Boston Children 's Hospital where , in 1957 , she would conduct early work on autologous bone marrow transplantation . Dr. Evans was appointed head of the hematology-oncology unit at the University of Chicago Clinics in 1964 , and in 1968 assumed management of the children 's cancer center at Children 's Hospital of Philadelphia . She served as chair of the Division of Oncology at the Children 's Hospital of Philadelphia from 1969 to 1989 , and was appointed a professor of pediatrics at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine in 1972 . Evans is known as a pioneer in the clinical study and treatment of childhood cancers , particularly neuroblastoma , the most common of the solid childhood cancers . A year 2000 cover story in the journal Cancer Research says of Dr. Evans , `` More than any other person during the last three decades , she has transformed our thinking about neuroblastoma . '' She developed the Evans Staging System for neuroblastoma in 1971 based on both the site of origin and the clinical behavior of the tumor . Part of this advance permitted identification of patients who would fare well regardless of treatment ; she was also the first to withhold therapy from this group and spare these children unnecessary chemotherapy and its devastating side effects . Evans is possibly best known for her role in creating the original Ronald McDonald House in 1974 . The facility gives families of young cancer patients a place to stay while their critically ill children receive treatment . She subsequently founded the Ronald McDonald Camp in 1987 for children suffering painful illnesses and treatments . Evans instituted and chaired the early meetings for Advances in Neuroblastoma Research , which began on May 30 , 1975 , as a series of symposia held at Children 's Hospital of Philadelphia . This conference , now held every two years , is designed to promote the exchange of information among investigators studying neuroblastoma biology , diagnosis , prognosis , and therapy . Each year its international scope has increased .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b19314e7a9b333cbc8fd94a6ec0f5916", "text": "CBS Overnight News CBS Overnight News is an American overnight television news program that is broadcast on CBS during the early morning hours each Monday through Friday . The program maintains a hard news format , incorporating national , international and business news headlines ; feature reports ; interviews ; national weather forecasts ; sports highlights ; and commentary . CBS has carried an overnight news block since 1982 when it debuted CBS News Nightwatch , which ran from 1982 until 1992 ; it was replaced with Up to the Minute that year , which the title of the block ran under until September 18 , 2015 . CBS Overnight News draws from the full resources of CBS News , including the CBS Evening News , CBS This Morning , Newspath , owned-and-operated stations and affiliates of the television network and APTN . It also featured rebroadcasts of selected stories from CBS News Sunday Morning , 48 Hours , 60 Minutes and Face the Nation . From 2013 to 2015 , the program was solo anchored by Anne Marie Green , who also anchored the network 's early-morning news program CBS Morning News .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "89af9cd564ea70124e97d406503955e2", "text": "Mary Ann Colclough Mary Ann Colclough ( 20 February 1836 -- 7 March 1885 ) was a New Zealand feminist and social reformer . She was born in London , England on 20 February 1836 . She contributed to various colonial newspapers under the pseudonym Polly Plum . Mary Ann Colclough was born in London in 1836 , daughter of Susan and John Thomas Barnes , builder . She was trained as a teacher and came to New Zealand in 1859 , settling in Auckland . On 9 May 1861 , at Onehunga , she married Thomas Caesar Colclough , ( died July 1867 ) formerly of Galleenstown Castle , County Dublin . There were two children , a son and a daughter . She died at Picton on 7 March 1885 from injuries received from an accident and was buried in Picton cemetery . Although her work has been overlooked and forgotten , Mary Ann Colclough was one of the earliest , and certainly among the most talented , of feminist leaders in this country . During the late sixties and early seventies and under the pseudonym of `` Polly Plum '' , she came to the fore as a contributor to various colonial newspapers . Her articles , which were most competently written , ranged over a variety of topics from matters of domestic interest , good housekeeping , and the like , to a forthright advocacy of `` women 's rights '' . Her early journalistic sallies were sententious in tone , very much in accord with the literary conventions of the day , but her mature writing was concerned mainly with those issues which affected women 's status in the home and community . In this phase of her career Mary Colclough showed herself to be a woman with a practical cast of mind and of high ideals and principles , who was deeply conscious of the many social problems that called for urgent redress . She kept the campaign alive by occasional letters to the press , sometimes published as far afield as the Melbourne Argus and London Times . These were invariably well expressed and to the point . It was as a lecturer , however , that `` Polly Plum '' , reformer and feminist , became widely known . Almost before political meetings had become the vogue , she was able to attract large audiences and , on one occasion , spoke before Governor Sir G. F. Bowen . As the outstanding champion of women 's rights , she hotly attacked the `` legal subjection '' of her sex . She ridiculed the idea that women should be educated only for the home ; all employment , including such professions as that of medicine , should be open to them . She challenged the right of the father to have sole control over his children and pointed out the injustice of the law as regards the property rights of married women . At the same time she pressed for an improvement in the working conditions of seamstresses , shop assistants , and domestics , with adequate safeguards against poverty and the problems of old age . She must have been a compelling advocate ; according to contemporary evidence , `` ... one of the most fluent and accurate speakers we have listened to in the colonies '' . In 1875 Mary Colclough began a campaign in Melbourne . She seems to have met with little success , for , like many feminist reformers of the time , she was well in advance of public opinion . The Argus commented acidly on her efforts to ameliorate the condition of her sex throughout the world and saw no ground `` for weeping over the melodramatic misery '' of her protéges . It is possible -- though unlikely -- that such rebuffs cooled her reforming ardour ; nevertheless , by the late seventies she seems to have withdrawn from the public scene . She was certainly engaged in teaching at this time , first at Auckland and , later , in Canterbury . From about 1876 to 1878 she was mistress in charge of the girls ' school at Rangiora , and in 1881 was infant mistress at Papanui . It is evident that her associations with the north must have weakened , for when news of her unexpected death reached Auckland in March 1885 , it aroused little comment beyond the bald statement that her passing would be regretted by many who knew her in the olden times . It is not surprising that her name and work soon faded from the New Zealand scene . ( reference : Alexander Hare McLintock , C.B.E. , M.A. , DIP.ED . ( N.Z. ) , PH.D. ( LOND . ) , Parliamentary Historian , Wellington .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c6fd0507e4786c470fd1ba6ea9c29b9b", "text": "History of Queen Mary University of London The history of Queen Mary University of London lies in the mergers , over the years , of four older colleges : Queen Mary College , Westfield College , St Bartholomew 's Hospital Medical College and the London Hospital Medical College . In 1989 Queen Mary merged with Westfield College to form `` Queen Mary & Westfield College '' . Although teaching began at the London Hospital Medical College in 1785 , it did not become part of Queen Mary until 1995 . In that same year the two medical schools merged to form the School of Medicine and Dentistry at Queen Mary & Westfield College . In 2000 , the college adopted the working title of Queen Mary , University of London while retaining the legal name Queen Mary and Westfield College . In 2013 the legal name of the institution was changed to Queen Mary University of London .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "157d3f5a56485a2adc3852218d8502cd", "text": "Chartered Institute of Journalists The Chartered Institute of Journalists is a professional association for journalists and is the senior such body in the UK and the oldest in the world . It was founded as the National Association of Journalists at a meeting at the Grand Hotel in Birmingham in October 1884 , to promote and advance the common interests of the profession of journalism . It changed its name to the Institute of Journalists in 1888 , and received a Royal Charter from Queen Victoria in 1890 . It petitioned for , and was granted , an additional Royal Charter in 1990 , to become the Chartered Institute of Journalists , usually abbreviated as CIoJ . It also operates as a form of trades union for journalists although it is strictly apolitical . It set up a benevolent fund for distressed journalists in 1898 , and an orphans fund in 1891 , and also operates a pension fund and another for convalescent members . Unemployment benefits were introduced in 1910 although such benefits , if granted , later became handled by the Benevolent Fund . These charities are all registered with the Charity Commission as number 208176 . Disaffected members left in 1910 to form the rival National Union of Journalists , and unsuccessful attempts to merge the two bodies were made in 1921 , 1928 , 1943 , and 1966 . The last introduced a period of dual membership , but the experiment ended within 5 years . The CIoJ created the Media Society in 1973 , and was a founder member of the International News Safety Institute . Although based in the UK , it also has an international division for members outside the UK . It also includes groups for freelance journalists , press photographers , journalists working in broadcasting and press relations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a96c079ff3b1ba2f7392325a5d4e729c", "text": "Coleridge Community College Coleridge Community College is a secondary academy school with 600 places for children aged 11 -- 16 , situated on Radegund Road , Cambridge , Cambridgeshire , England . The school is now a member of the Parkside Federation along with Parkside Community College . Previously , it had been placed on special measures , and was due to be closed . However , its most recent Ofsted report rated it overall as `` broadly average '' . Originally two segregated schools , the Coleridge Secondary Modern School for Boys was located in the right half and the Coleridge Secondary Modern School for Girls in the left half of the mirror-image twin main building , with a separate dedicated gymnasium located behind the Girls ' school , and prefabricated classroom outbuildings surrounding its internal playing fields at the rear of the Boys ' school . The two schools were merged into a Comprehensive School from the 1966 school year as part of the national reorganisation of secondary and grammar schools .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "103d61b94c3b9a1a3847292d90b8f73f", "text": "Miss Universe 1966 Miss Universe 1966 , the 15th Miss Universe pageant , was held on 16 July 1966 at the Miami Beach Auditorium in Miami Beach , Florida , USA . Apasra Hongsakula of Thailand crowned her successor Margareta Arvidsson of Sweden at the end of the event .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "14936935ac01d1058e99d401feed386f", "text": "Tait's Edinburgh Magazine Tait 's Edinburgh Magazine was a monthly periodical founded in 1832 . It was an important venue for liberal political views , as well as contemporary cultural and literary developments , in early-to-mid-nineteenth century Britain . The magazine was founded by William Tait ( 1792 -- 1864 ) , the son of a builder and an inheritor of a large fortune . Tait was an `` independent radical '' in politics ; he strongly favored the Whig party . 1832 was a time of great political ferment , with the first Reform Bill the dominant subject of discourse . Tait 's periodical was intended as a `` Radical riposte '' to `` the politically revanchist but culturally avant-garde Blackwood 's Edinburgh Magazine . '' Tait 's welcomed many new and unknown writers like Robert Nicoll , as well as established voices like James Henry Leigh Hunt , and figures of future fame like Harriet Martineau and John Stuart Mill . From 1833 on , Tait 's Magazine was a regular venue for the essays of Thomas De Quincey . De Quincey 's series of biographical essays on the Lake Poets ( later collected as Recollections of the Lake Poets ) were featured in Tait 's between 1834 and 1840 . Tait published a range of other selections by De Quincey , including , somewhat surprisingly , `` A Tory 's Account of Toryism , Whiggism and Radicalism '' ( December 1835 , January 1836 ) . That article , however , was supplied with many sarcastic footnotes disagreeing with its points -- `` objecting foot-notes from the pen , presumably , of Tait himself . '' In 1834 Tait 's Magazine was combined with Johnstone 's Edinburgh Magazine , a liberal periodical started two years earlier by husband and wife John Johnstone and Christian Isobel Johnstone . She was an early feminist who wrote extensively for Tait 's in the following years , becoming the magazine 's `` chief contributor and director '' under William Tait himself . Christian Johnstone was `` the first woman to serve as paid editor of a major Victorian periodical , '' to which she brought `` fresh life and popularity . '' In the same year Alexander Bailey Richmond took the magazine 's London agents to court , for reviewing a work calling Richmond a government spy : the defence was successful . Christian Johnstone died in 1857 ; Tait 's Magazine ceased publication in 1861 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "035cc9af370a75a6e75675386dfcd211", "text": "Queen of the Gambia Elizabeth II was Queen of the Gambia from 1965 to 1970 , when the Gambia was a constitutional monarchy within the Commonwealth of Nations . The Queen was also the monarch of the other Commonwealth realms , including the United Kingdom . Her constitutional roles in the Gambia were delegated to a Governor-General . The Gambia was granted independence in 1965 under the Parliament of the United Kingdom 's Gambia Independence Act 1964 , which unified the Gambia Colony and Protectorate into an independent sovereign state . After two referenda on constitutional amendments , the first unsuccessful because it did not pass by the necessary two-thirds majority and the second successful , the Gambia adopted a new constitution that abolished the monarchy on 24 April 1970 . The Gambia became a republic within the Commonwealth , with the President of Gambia as head of state . The Queen visited the Gambia on 3 -- 5 December 1961 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d56db2e263dc60d6cf40627ef6bf3d97", "text": "Cynthia Richards Cynthia Richards ( born Sinthia Richards , 1944 ) is a Jamaican singer whose career began in the 1960s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f222b5e5937fb7de47ae27c9eb4bfed", "text": "Inchbald School of Design The Inchbald School of Design was founded in 1960 by Jacqueline Duncan ( then Jacqueline Inchbald , married to and working with designer Michael Inchbald ) , in the family home at 10 Milner Street . The impetus for this project arose as a result of a London visit by a group of American designers under the aegis of the American Institute of Designers ( AID ) on their way to Venice . Prominent among them was renowned New York designer William Pahlmann , who expressed surprise that England did not have either a formalised professional body or any specific educational centre for interior design training . Jacqueline researched the possibility of a school and this coincided with a burgeoning interest in interiors in the climate of resuscitation in the post war years . This interest was fostered by the media in the form of domestic magazines , images from abroad particularly America and the founding of the English House & Garden magazine under the editorship of Anthony Hunt . The school started as a Ten Week Course , programmed to answer the demand for more and practical information about the design and decoration of the domestic interior . Within ten years the school premises were moved to a large house on the Belgravia Estate , No 7 Eaton Gate , and the programmes now included a more professionally orientated Year Course in Interior Design . As a result of this more structured approach Inchbald students became much in demand in the profession and famous graduates like Nina Campbell , Stephen Ryan , Kelly Hoppen and Lady Henrietta Spencer-Churchill all started their careers at Inchbald . In 1974 Jacqueline Inchbald started the Garden Design School , a new concept developed to train professional Garden Designers interested in private clients , to compliment the skills of the Landscape Designers in a market section which had been largely confined to hobbyists . Alumni include Luciano Giubellei , Phillip Nixon , Marcus Barnett , all of them Gold medallists at Chelsea . These two Faculties were then the only specialist centres outside America , in itself an interesting point since it could be said that it was the Americans who created a demand on a broad scale for the best available in Interior design ; and it was the American concept of contemporary lifestyle which prompted the notion that the small garden should be prioritised as an important facility in exactly the same way as the Interior of the house . In 1999 , after nearly forty outstandingly successful years during which Inchbald established an international reputation , the School was validated by the University of Wales . The present curriculum includes Architectural Interior Design , Interior Decoration and Garden Design . '' , 2007 saw the introduction of Inchbald Online ; at the present time the entire curriculum , from master 's degrees to Short Courses is available Online and students have been drawn from across the world to study programmes of varying length at what has become one of the best known international schools specializing in all aspects of Interior Design and Decoration , and Garden Design .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "683119452c21a9f2b808130064f0bb81", "text": "The Women's Conference The Women 's Conference ( also known as the California Governor & First Lady 's Conference on Women ) is a nonprofit , nonpartisan US organization and annual forum for women . The event first began in 1986 as a California government initiative for working professionals and women business owners . Since 2004 , The Women 's Conference has become a large event at which people such as the Dalai Lama Tenzin Gyatso , former UK Prime Minister Tony Blair , Oprah Winfrey , Barbara Walters , Jane Fonda , Martha Stewart , Tyra Banks , Sarah , Duchess of York , Tim Russert , Deepak Chopra , Tom Brokaw , Queen Rania of Jordan , Maureen Dowd , Sandra Day O'Connor , Thomas Friedman , Anna Quindlen , and Billie Jean King have spoken . Restructured by Shriver in 2010 , The Women 's Conference reportedly became the `` largest meeting of women in the country '' and a celebration of `` lives and lessons '' . Now known as the California Women 's Conference , its main stage presentations and seminar sessions have addressed personal topics such as work-life balance , service and volunteerism , healthy lifestyles , spirituality and families , professional issues such as professional development , financial planning , entrepreneurialism and communications , as well as social issues like women 's maternal health , global poverty , climate change and emergency preparedness . The event is staged at the Long Beach Convention Center in Long Beach , California , usually in the fall . Every year , substantial portions of the event are made available free through a live streaming webcast at The Women 's Conference 's web site .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ac1216ab8687906c4176e5c79f13558", "text": "Whitby School Whitby School is an independent , co-educational private day school for students ages 18 months through eighth grade , located in Greenwich , Connecticut , United States . The school was founded in 1958 by Nancy McCormick Rambusch who founded American Montessori Society ( AMS ) in 1960 . The founding of Whitby is credited with initiating a Montessori revival . It is accredited by both the American Montessori Society and the International Baccalaureate ( IB ) . It was named after the Whitby Abbey in Yorkshire , where a story tells of an Abbess who recognized the musical talents of a stable boy and brought him into their educational programs . In 1960 , the school moved from rented rooms at Sacred Heart School to its own campus . The school , through the AMS , became the first certified Montessori teacher training program in the United States . Rambusch and the AMS promoted a modified Montessori approach that would facilitate transition of the young students to traditional American schools which led to a split from the Association Montessori Internationale ( AMI ) . The Head of School is Bryan Nixon . Whitby enrolls 440 students , taught by 87 faculty members , on a 25 acre campus in Greenwich , Connecticut .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c82134a6387fae360cdd0267281bef2", "text": "Westridge School (Pasadena) Westridge School is a private , independent day school for college-bound girls located in Pasadena , California . Elizabeth J. McGregor became the school 's 11th head of school on July 1 , 2008 . Westridge was founded in 1913 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c3bdaf4bcb1e2188dc596672aeaaa19a", "text": "Bromsgrove School Bromsgrove School , founded in 1553 , is a co-educational independent public school in the Worcestershire town of Bromsgrove , England . The school comprises kindergarten , primary , and secondary sections for a total of around 1,600 boarding and day-school pupils and a teaching staff of 200 . It is a founder member of the Headmaster 's Conference .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "14326f4a245dd13547da756e4c137d26", "text": "Miss USA 2012 Miss USA 2012 , the 61st Miss USA pageant , was held on June 3 , 2012 , at the The AXIS in Las Vegas , Nevada . Alyssa Campanella of California crowned her successor Olivia Culpo of Rhode Island at the end of the event . Culpo represented the USA at Miss Universe 2012 and became the eighth American to win Miss Universe . Pageant protocol forces Culpo to `` resign '' her Miss USA title in order to be Miss Universe . In this case , the first runner-up , Nana Meriwether , who competed as Miss Maryland USA 2012 , inherited the Miss USA title . Meriwether became the first woman from Maryland to hold the Miss USA title ; the first time a woman from Maryland won Miss USA was in 1957 with Mary Leona Gage who was dethroned shortly after winning . The 50 states and the District of Columbia competed for the prestigious title . The pageant was televised live on NBC in the U.S.A. . The full preliminary round , as well as highlights from the event , is available over Xbox Live via their YouTube and MSN applications . For the first time , a question was solicited from Twitter for the final question asked of one of the five finalists . That question picked by the pageant organizers - `` Would you feel it would be fair that a transgender woman wins the Miss USA title over a natural-born woman ? '' - was answered by the winner , Culpo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c78c5831ca4e6ad9fa78e63f29a40b3", "text": "1967 New Year Honours The New Year Honours 1967 were appointments in many of the Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries . They were announced on 1 January 1967 to celebrate the year passed and mark the beginning of 1967 . The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour , and arranged by honour , with classes ( Knight , Knight Grand Cross , etc. ) and then divisions ( Military , Civil , etc. ) as appropriate .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d5fb0ed1b8129ac130971b32f0cbcf09", "text": "Gardens of the World with Audrey Hepburn Gardens of the World with Audrey Hepburn is a 1990s documentary television series filmed on location in some of the world 's most beautiful , noteworthy gardens , hosted by Audrey Hepburn , who also co-narrates the series with Michael York . Her Emmy for Outstanding Individual Achievement − Informational Programming was awarded posthumously . A one-hour introductory special premiered on PBS in March , 1991 ; the premiere of six half-hour episodes began on January 24 , 1993 . Two further episodes along with a re-release of the six-part series by Home & Garden Television premiered in January , 1996 . The series was shown internationally in more than 30 countries . A DVD of all 8 programs was released in 1999 ; in September 2006 , an extended DVD edition was released . Audrey Hepburn 's principal photography was filmed in the spring and summer of 1990 in exemplary public and private gardens in England , France , Italy , Japan , Netherlands , Dominican Republic & U.S.A. From her home in Tolochenaz , Switzerland that summer Hepburn wrote her foreword to the companion book for the series . She loved nature and gardens and saw a rare opportunity to bring forth their beauty in a poetic , meaningful way . Her life partner Robert Wolders was with Hepburn throughout the production : `` It became an intensely personal and creative process for her . She immersed herself in not only the beauty of the gardens , but also in their origins and evolution . '' In January 1991 , Hepburn recorded her voice over narration in Los Angeles and graced the cover of House & Garden magazine , U.S. edition . In New York on March 6 , 1991 , Cartier honored Audrey Hepburn and Gardens of the World with a High Tea reception at their Fifth Avenue Mansion ; the following day , Ralph Lauren at 72nd Street hosted the occasion of her book signing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f69b27dfbbfa49571e2e62f864a9ad2", "text": "Please, Mister Postman (book) Please , Mister Postman is the second volume of memoirs by Alan Johnson , first published in 2014 . The title is a reference to the Beatles ' cover of the song of the same name , and to Johnson 's past as a postman . Johnson begins the book at Christmas 1967 when , as a 17-year-old he was an aspiring rock musician , working as a shelf stacker and living in lodgings in Hammersmith . Within the next year he had married , become a father and step-father and started a career at the Post Office .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "6476e1c7aad25e7e1667297ba2b544af", "text": "Tunisia Tunisia ( تونس ; ⵜⵓⵏⴻⵙ Tunisie ) , officially the Tunisian Republic is a country in North Africa , covering 165,000 km2 . Its northernmost point , Cape Angela , is the northernmost point on the African continent . It is bordered by Algeria to the west and southwest , Libya to the southeast , and the Mediterranean Sea to the north and east . Tunisia 's population was estimated to be just under 11 million in 2014 . Tunisia 's name is derived from its capital city , Tunis , which is located on Tunisia 's northeast coast . Geographically , Tunisia contains the eastern end of the Atlas Mountains and the northern reaches of the Sahara desert . Much of the rest of the country 's land is fertile soil . Its 1,300 km of coastline includes the African conjunction of the western and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Basin and , by means of the Sicilian Strait and Sardinian Channel , features the African mainland 's second and third nearest points to Europe after Gibraltar . Tunisia is a unitary semi-presidential representative democratic republic . It is considered to be the only full democracy in the Arab World . It has a high human development index . It has an association agreement with the European Union ; is a member of La Francophonie , the Union for the Mediterranean , the Arab Maghreb Union , the Arab League , the OIC , the Greater Arab Free Trade Area , the Community of Sahel-Saharan States , the African Union , the Non-Aligned Movement , the Group of 77 ; and has obtained the status of major non-NATO ally of the United States . In addition , Tunisia is also a member state of the United Nations and a state party to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court . Close relations with Europe in particular with France and with Italy have been forged through economic cooperation , privatisation and industrial modernization . In ancient times , Tunisia was primarily inhabited by Berbers . Phoenician immigration began in the 12th century BC ; these immigrants founded Carthage . A major mercantile power and a military rival of the Roman Republic , Carthage was defeated by the Romans in 146 BC . The Romans , who would occupy Tunisia for most of the next eight hundred years , introduced Christianity and left architectural legacies like the El Djem amphitheater . After several attempts starting in 647 , the Arabs conquered the whole of Tunisia by 697 , followed by the Ottomans between 1534 and 1574 . The Ottomans held sway for over three hundred years . The French colonization of Tunisia occurred in 1881 . Tunisia gained independence with Habib Bourguiba and declared the Tunisian Republic in 1957 . In 2011 , the Tunisian Revolution resulted in the overthrow of President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali , followed by parliamentary elections . The country voted for parliament again on 26 October 2014 , and for President on 23 November 2014 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "d66d7962dbe45039e0f27ddbac35d745", "text": "Tunisia at the 1975 Mediterranean Games Tunisia ( TUN ) competed at the 1975 Mediterranean Games in Algiers , Algeria .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a03154aac69641e056ff36564814369", "text": "Art of Burkina Faso Burkina Faso is a small , landlocked country north of Ghana and south of Mali and Niger . Economically , it is one of the four or five poorest countries in the world . Culturally , it is extremely rich . In part this is because so few people from Burkina have become Muslim or Christian . Many of the ancient artistic traditions for which Africa is so well known have been preserved in Burkina Faso because so many people continue to honor the ancestral spirits , and the spirits of nature . In great part they honor the spirits through the use of masks and carved figures . Many of the countries to the north of Burkina Faso had become predominantly Muslim , while many of the countries to the south of Burkina Faso are heavily Christian . In contrast many of the people of Burkina Faso continue to offer prayers and sacrifices to the spirits of nature and to the spirits of their ancestors . The result is that they continue to use the sorts of art that we see in museums in Europe and America . One of the principal obstacles to understanding the art of Burkina Faso , including that of the Bwa , has been a confusion between the styles of the Bwa , `` gurunsi '' , and Mossi , and a confusion of the Bwa people with their neighbors to the west the Bobo people . This confusion was the result of the use by French colonial officers of Jula interpreters at the turn of the century . These interpreters considered the two peoples to be the same and so referred to the Bobo as `` Bobo-Fing '' and to the Bwa as `` Bobo-Oule . '' In fact , these two peoples are not related at all . Their languages are quite different , their social systems are quite different , and certainly their art is quite different . In terms of artistic styles the confusion stems from the fact that the Bwa , `` gurunsi ' '' and Mossi make masks that are covered with red white and black geometric graphic patterns . This is simply the style of the Voltaic or Gur peoples , and also includes the Dogon and other peoples who speak Voltaic languages .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f67812d6a026a9830ed49cd06a0b5f53", "text": "Paulistas Paulistas are the inhabitants of the state of São Paulo , Brazil , and of its antecessor the Capitaincy of São Vicente , whose capital early shifted from the village of São Vicente to the one of São Paulo dos Campos de Piratininga . The early population of São Paulo consisted mainly of indigenous Amerindian with few Portuguese settlers . The Portuguese settlements were small . As the Bandeirantes gained power and the vice-kingdom of Brazil developed , the Portuguese element predominated in the population , the Indians being either absorbed or killed . But the province of São Paulo , enlarged by the Bandeiras to include Mato Grosso , Goiás , Paraná and Santa Catarina , remained undeveloped , having neither the gold of Minas Gerais nor the sugar cane of Pernambuco . As a consequence , it did not receive the same influx of black slaves during the 16th and 17th centuries as the more prosperous provinces of Brazil . Nevertheless , the number of black slaves increased substantially in São Paulo during the Brazilian Empire , as the slave traffic reached its peak during the first half of the 19th century . After the abolition of the international slave trade in 1850 , many more slaves were transferred from declining regions of Brazil ( such as the Northeast ) to work in coffee plantations . The economic development of São Paulo only really took off with the founding of coffee plantations in the nineteenth century . Those coffee plantations were manned , from the beginning , by slaves , and remained so during most of the 19th century . Not even the abolition of the transatlantic trade changed this , with the coffee barons resorting to the import of slaves from the Northeastern and Southern regions . Both the coffee planters and the Brazilian government , however , were aware that the abolition of slavery could be postponed but not avoided at all ; as a result , a few experiments in immigration were tried during this period , and some ideas were discussed , including the immigration of Chinese workers . Only in the 1880s , however , did immigration start in earnest . From then on , immigration was the solution adopted to what was seen as a labour shortage , and Italian and Spanish immigrants made the bulk of the workers brought to coffee plantations ; the reasons why ex-slaves were not employed , or were only marginally employed , are unclear and subject to debate . Much is made of a supposed `` whitening '' ideology , or even `` program '' , but the cold fact is that , when faced with the impossibility of obtaining European manpower , the coffee barons had no qualms about resorting to Japanese immigrants . A curious fact from this period was the immigration of US Southerners moving from a country where slavery had been abolished to one where it still existed . Of course , those were not manual workers and did n't come to work in coffee plantations . The wealth produced by coffee culture eventually sparked urbanisation and industrialisation ; the growing urban environment attracted even more immigrants , especially Armenians and other Europeans , Syrians and Lebanese . Later , as the foreign immigration declined , a strong chain of internal migration from the Brazilian Northeast developed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c3ab0513f0642b1c88723dfa68c1326", "text": "Beidane Beidane or Beidan is an Arabic term used in the Maghreb region of North Africa to refer to the Caucasian or white Moors . In contrast to Haratin , which refers to those with a darker complexion , or black . The Beidane inhabit most of what is now Morocco , Algeria , Tunisia , Libya , and to a lesser extent Egypt . Their descendants can also be found in Southern European populations , particularly ( Spain , Portugal , Southern Italy , and Sicily ) . The Beidane refers to those of Arab , Berber , or Arab-Berber descent , however , large populations on the northern coast of North Africa , also have Iberian blood ; going back to the Spanish Reconquista . The main language of the Beidane is Arabic and to a lesser extent Tamazight ( Berber ) . It is important to understand that the term `` Moor '' is not the term for a specific ethnic group , but rather the term used by the European Christians , in reference to the Arab and Berber populations that hailed from North Africa in the medieval era and soon took control of Malta , Sardinia , Spain , southern France ( short-period ) , Portugal , southern Italy , and Sicily . Another term that was used in reference to the Arabs and Berbers at this time was `` Saracen . '' This was largely used to refer to the peoples of the entire Arab Islamic empire , mostly used by Italians and Europeans to the north . The term largely fell out of use post - Middle Ages . Category : Maghreb", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c49e8cf49b6abe4d2f10abfb6915daeb", "text": "Conquest of Tunis (1534) The conquest of Tunis occurred on 16 August 1534 when Hayreddin Barbarossa captured the city from the Hafsid ruler Muley Hasan . In 1533 , Suleiman ordered Hayreddin Barbarossa , whom he had summoned from Algiers , to build a large war fleet in the arsenal of Constantinople . Altogether 70 galleys were built during the winter of 1533 -- 34 , manned by slave oarsmen , including 1,200 Christian ones . With this fleet , Barbarossa conducted aggressive raids along the coast of Italy , until he landed in Tunis on 16 August 1534 , ousting the local ruler , theretofore subservient to the Spanish , the Hafsid Regent Muley Hasan . Barbarossa thus established a strong naval base in Tunis , which could be used for raids in the region , and on nearby Malta . Tunis was a highly strategic location , controlling the passage from the west to the eastern basin of the Mediterranean . In 1535 however , upon the plea of Muley Hasan , emperor Charles V mounted a counter-offensive and retook the city in the Conquest of Tunis ( 1535 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0fc7a4a7df2fc0922680c2d0e41b10b", "text": "Naghmouchi Naghmouchi is a Tunisian surname from Jendouba . The first people emigrated in 1800 . It is also widespread in the following countries : Algeria , Canada , France , Morocco , Italy , United States , United Kingdom , Russia , Germany , Switzerland , Belgium , Poland , Austria , Brazil , Mexico , Peru and Ecuador . Category : Surnames", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fbbfe04a3b28b28098dbb7a7a1581885", "text": "Cultural Revolution (Libya) The Cultural Revolution ( or People 's Revolution ) in Libya was a period of political and social change in Libya . It started with Gaddafi 's declaration of a cultural revolution during a speech in Zuwara on 15 April 1973 . This came after increasing tensions between Gaddafi and his colleagues in the Revolutionary Command Council ( RCC ) had led him to agree to step down . Gaddafi had told the RCC that he would announce his resignation to the people at the Zuwara speech , but he instead surprised them with his declaration of the Cultural Revolution . By the end of the Cultural Revolution period , Gaddafi was the uncontested leader of Libya . The Cultural Revolution continued to at least September 1974 , when the independence of action of the People 's Committees was reduced by the national leadership in the Revolutionary Command Council . In a wider sense , it came to its conclusion in the establishment of Gaddafi 's `` state of the masses '' ( `` jamahiriya '' ) in 1977 . The cultural revolution was presented as a period of democratization , a return back to Arab and Islamic values and spontaneous popular mobilization against five identified threats to the power of the people : Communism , conservatism , capitalism , atheism , and the Muslim Brotherhood . In practice the cultural revolution marked the beginning of the sidelining of other Libyan political and religious leaders and the concentration of power in Gaddafi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3d545ab227b14b7130149343b1ad350", "text": "Menzel Jemil Menzel Jemil ( Tunisian Arabic : منزل جميل ) is a coastal town and municipality in north-eastern Tunisia , 60 km north of the capital , Tunis . Administratively it is located in the Menzel Jemil Delegation of the Bizerte Governorate . Geographically Menzel Jemil is located on the east side of the Bizerte Lagoon and it is now considered part of the city of Bizerte metropolitan area . The municipality had 41,343 inhabitants ( census ) . Menzel Jemil means `` The beautiful hostel '' in Arabic . Remel beach is one of the most beautiful beaches in Tunisia . It is also the panoramic view of the huge Remel forest . Menzel Jemil has an important industrial zone where foreign and local firms are installed ; most of them deal with textile industry and wiring . The town also has an important military base , owing to its strategic location in the far north of Tunisia . Most of the inhabitants are farmers or working overseas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2635d6e5e9835c51d5cf31d4639872ff", "text": "North Africa North Africa is the term given to a group of Mediterranean countries situated in the northern-most region of the African continent . The term `` North Africa '' has no single accepted definition . It is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of Morocco in the west , to the Suez Canal and the Red Sea in the east . Others have limited it to the countries of Morocco , Algeria , and Tunisia , a region known by the French during colonial times as `` Afrique du Nord '' and by the Arabs as the Maghreb ( `` West '' ) . The most commonly accepted definition includes Morocco , Algeria , and Tunisia , as well as Libya and Egypt , It should be noted however that the term `` North Africa '' , when commonly used in North Africa and the Middle East , often refers only to the countries of the Maghreb and Libya . Egypt , due to its greater Middle Eastern associations , is typically viewed separately . The countries of North Africa share a common ethnic , cultural and linguistic identity that is unique to this region . North west Africa has been inhabited by Berbers since the beginning of recorded history , while the eastern part of North Africa has been home to the Egyptians . Following the Muslim conquest in the seventh century C.E. , the region underwent a process of Arabization and Islamization that has defined its cultural landscape ever since . The distinction between North Africa and much of Sub-Saharan Africa is historically and ecologically significant because of the effective barrier created by the Sahara Desert for much of modern history . From 3500 BC , following the abrupt desertification of the Sahara due to gradual changes in the Earth 's orbit , this barrier has culturally separated the North from the rest of the continent . As the seafaring civilizations of the Phoenicians , Greeks , Romans , Muslims and others facilitated communication and migration across the Mediterranean Sea , the cultures of North Africa became much more closely tied to Southwestern Asia and Europe than Sub-Saharan Africa . The Islamic influence in the area is also significant , and North Africa is a major part of the Muslim world . Some researchers have postulated that North Africa rather than East Africa served as the exit point for the modern humans who first trekked out of the continent in the Out of Africa migration .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "19344cbd14e7f3087925d5831f13da21", "text": "Muhammad VIII al-Amin Muhammad VIII al-Amin known as Lamine Bey ( Carthage 4 September 1881 -- Tunis 30 September 1962 ) was the last Bey of Tunisia ( 15 May 1943 and 20 March 1956 ) . He was enthroned in unusual circumstances following the removal of his predecessor Moncef Bey by the French Resident General Henri Giraud in 1943 . It was not until the latter 's death in 1948 that his legitimacy was recognised by the people of Tunisia . He took steps to align himself with the Tunisian national movement against the French protectorate and became in effect its highest representative , not hesitating to face down successive French Residents General . Sidelined by the Neo Destour after he accepted French-initiated reforms in 1954 while leading nationalist activists like Habib Bourguiba were still in prison , he took no part in the negotiations for internal autonomy ratified in 1955 , or for independence in 1956 . After a short period in which a constitutional monarchy was considered , the new government decided to establish a republic on 25 July 1957 . Lamine Bey was turned out of his palace along with his family . Their property was seized and several family members were imprisoned . He ended his days living in a small apartment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a5fdda9938b3d1608d4bf406d2da64e", "text": "Refugees of the 2011 Libyan Civil War Refugees of the Libyan Civil War are the people , predominantly Libyans , who fled or were expelled from their homes during the Libyan Civil War , from within the borders of Libya to the neighbouring states of Tunisia , Egypt and Chad , as well as to European countries across the Mediterranean . The majority of Libyan refugees are Arabs and Berbers , though many of the other ethnicities temporarily living in Libya originated from sub-Saharan Africa . These groups were also among the first refugee waves to exit the country . The total number of Libyan refugees were estimated at around one million as of June 2011 and most returned after the civil war ended . As of January 2013 , there were 5,252 refugees originating from Libya alongside 59,425 internally displaced persons registered by the UNHCR . According to a Le Monde article dated May 13 , 2014 , there were between 600,000 and 1,000,000 Libyan refugees in Tunisia , many of which were political opponents of the present forces in power in Libya , and many of which are supporters of the Jamahiriya of Muammar Gaddafi . This represented between 10 and 15 % of the population of Libya prior to the NATO intervention . According to journalist Barbara Slavin , reporting for Al Monitor on August 5 , 2014 , Tunisian President Moncef Marzouki stated that two million Libyans , or one third of the pre NATO intervention population of Libya , have taken refuge in Tunisia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "913fd2a9cc51d32047939febc3db9944", "text": "Berber Spring The Berber Spring ( in Berber : Tafsut Imaziɣen or simply Tafsut for `` Spring '' ) was a period of political protest and civil activism in 1980 claiming recognition of the Berber identity and language in Algeria with events mainly taking place in Kabylie and Algiers . The background was marked by two decades of harsh Arabization measures instituted by the Arab nationalist FLN dictatorship government , which refused to recognize Algeria 's Berber identity and banned the Berber language altogether . The Berber Spring is traditionally dated as beginning on March 10 , 1980 , with the banning of a conference due to be held by the Kabyle intellectual Mouloud Mammeri at Hasnaoua University in Tizi-Ouzou . A critical point was the coordinated arrest of hundreds of Berber activists , students and doctors on April 20 , sparking a general strike . While the Berber Spring was in the end violently suppressed by the Algerian authorities , it created a lasting legacy for Kabylie and the Berbers across North Africa . Many of today 's prominent Kabyle politicians and activists made their name during the Berber Spring events , and organizations such as the Rally for Culture and Democracy ( RCD ) and the Berber Cultural Movement ( Mouvement Culturel Berbère -- MCB ) were later created by activists of the Spring . The Spring was also an important event for Algeria 's nascent human rights community , including outside Berber circles . Since the dismantling of the one-party FLN system in 1989 -- followed by abortive democratization and civil war -- a few of the demands of the Berber Spring have been met by the state , and the Berber language is now a national language of Algeria . However , this is still distinct from Arabic , which remains the official language , and many other points of contention remain .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3825ce829b6da94a8cd680ff93d3dc8b", "text": "Malians in France Malians in France consist of migrants from Mali and their descendants living and working in France . They are one of the diasporas from Black Africa in France .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "19b028a4d8a55bf5c78500272e5c4b42", "text": "Syro-Lebanese in Egypt The Syro-Lebanese of Egypt ( شوام مصر , transliterated : Shawam Masr ) ( Syro-Libanais d'Egypte ) , also known as the Levantines of Egypt , are an ethnic minority group in Egypt . They are Egyptians who have ancestry originating from the Levant , mostly what is now Syria and Lebanon . The majority of Egypt 's historic Syro-Lebanese community is Christian ( Melkite Greek Catholic , Greek Orthodox , and Maronite Catholic ) , although some families were also Muslim ( Shia/Sunni ) and Jewish . Since antiquity , there has always been a Levantine presence in Egypt , however , they started becoming a distinctive minority in Egypt around the early 18th century . The majority of Syro-Lebanese migrants who arrived in Egypt during this time were French-speaking and highly influenced by the European Culture . By the dawn of the 20th century , the Syro-Lebanese of Egypt were considered a powerful and cosmopolitan community that played an important role in both Egypt 's economy and culture . Due to the rise in nationalism along with the loss of economic freedoms during the 1950s , most of Egypt 's Syro-Lebanese community left the country immigrating to the Americas , Europe , and Australia , as well as many returning to their native Lebanon ( especially Beirut ) and Syria . Notable descendants of Egypt 's Syro-Lebanese community include the world-renowned Egyptian actor Omar Sharif ( born Michel Chalhoub ) and Egyptian film director Youssef Chahine .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a55d88d4505f54422c145257ef691791", "text": "Early political career of Habib Bourguiba The early political career of Habib Bourguiba began in the early 1930s when he joined the main political party of the Tunisian national movement , the Destour . His political beginnings were characterized with a `` battle '' in newspapers such as L'Étandar Tunisien and La voix du Tunisien , while defending Tunisia 's integrity and the preservation of its national identity . Shocked by the 1930 International Eucharistic Congress of Carthage , Bourguiba and his mates decided to start a press campaign to denounce the event . They soon acquired an unprecedented popularity , and stood out from the elders of Destour . They attracted the hostility of settlers , eager to put an end to their activism and press campaign . However , Bourguiba and his friends founded their own newspaper , despite the colonial attempts to stop them . L'Action Tunisienne was thus created in order to defend the `` little people '' in a context of economic crisis , following the Great Depression . Bourguiba , worried about his country 's state , knew that a good cause would revive the national movement , weakened by the 1926 repressions . In order to do so , he was the only one to defend M'hamed Chenik , a Tunis notable , who had been in trouble with the Residence , the French colonial administration . Bourguiba jumped at the chance to rally the bourgeoisie class to the nationalist cause . But his attempt failed and ended up dividing L'Action team . In this context , the uprising following the Tunisian naturalization issue , in early 1933 , was the perfect opportunity for him . He started another successful press campaign . With his friends Tahar Sfar , Mahmoud El Materi , Bahri Guiga and his brother M'hamed , they sensitized lower classes to their cause and changed the Residence policy . The popularity he acquired during the event , led to his election as a member of the executive committee of the Destour , in May 1933 . However , differences with the elders caused him to resign from the party in September 1933 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b29eee44e77fcddd05e24deed5acb3cf", "text": "Italy–Tunisia Delimitation Agreement The Italy -- Tunisia Delimitation Agreement is a 1971 treaty between Italy and Tunisia in which the two countries agreed to delimit a maritime boundary between them in the continental shelf . The treaty was signed in Tunis on 20 August 1971 . The text of the treaty sets out a complex boundary in the Strait of Sicily representing a modified equidistant line between Sicily and Tunisia . The boundary terminates just short of an equidistant line between Malta and the Italian Pelagie Islands . The treaty created a 13-nautical-mile ( radial distance ) semi-enclave around the Italian island of Pantelleria . Another semi-exclave was created comprising overlapping 13-nautical-mile arcs around the Italian islands of Linosa and Lampedusa that also intersect a 12 nmi zone around Lampione . Both semi-enclaves intersect Italian waters at the equidistant line but are otherwise surrounded by Tunisian waters . The westernmost point of the boundary line forms a maritime tripoint with Algeria . On 23 January 1975 , the countries by agreement added supplemental minutes to the treaty , including a map of the boundary and 32 individual coordinate points that define it . It came into force on 6 December 1978 after it was ratified by both countries . The full name of the treaty is Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Tunisia and the Government of the Italian Republic concerning the Delimitation of the Continental Shelf between the two Countries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "caea1d38575ab31c619aa5f684424572", "text": "Al-Nahda Al-Nahda ( النهضة / ALA-LC : an-Nahḍah ; Arabic for `` awakening '' or `` renaissance '' ) was a cultural renaissance that began in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in Egypt , then later moving to Ottoman-ruled Arabic-speaking regions including Lebanon , Syria and others . It is often regarded as a period of intellectual modernization and reform . In traditional scholarship , the Nahda is seen as connected to the cultural shock brought on by Napoleon 's invasion of Egypt in 1798 , and the reformist drive of subsequent rulers such as Muhammad Ali . However , recent scholarship has shown that the Middle Eastern and North African Renaissance was a cultural reform program that was as `` autogenetic '' as it was Western inspired , linked to the Ottoman Tanzimat and internal changes in political economy and communal reformations in Egypt and Syro-Lebanon . The Egyptian nahda was articulated in purely Egyptian terms , and its participants were mostly Egyptians , and Cairo was the geographical center of the movement . But al-Nahda was also felt in neighboring Arab capitals , notably Beirut and Damascus . The shared language of Arabic-speaking nations ensured that the accomplishments of the movement could be quickly picked up by intellectuals in Arab countries . In the Ottoman-ruled Arabic regions , major influence and motive were the 19th century tanzimat reforms of the Ottoman Empire , which brought a constitutional order to Ottoman politics and engendered a new political class and later the Young Turk Revolution , which allowed proliferation of press and other publications .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "861b9379ecc5aba3c290c92618d102e3", "text": "Pakistan–Tunisia relations Relations between Pakistan and Tunisia are generally cordial . Ties between the two countries are premised upon religious and historical affinity . This is emphasized by the absence of any recurring dispute although there is much potential to augment the level of ties . A number of framework agreements have been concluded between Pakistan and Tunisia in the spheres of trade , tourism , culture , information and industries . However , these have been conspicuous for remaining dormant or being scarcely reviewed at best .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ffc2e0eb10a49c0dc753b86cde56960e", "text": "Sahara International Film Festival The Sahara International Film Festival , also known as FiSahara , is an annual event which takes place in the Sahrawi refugee camps , at the South West corner of Algeria , near the border with Western Sahara . It is the only film festival in the world taking place in a refugee camp . The first three years the festival was held alternately in the Wilaya of Smara , Wilaya of Ausserd and Wilaya of El Aaiun , but since 2007 the FiSahara had stayed in the Wilaya of Dakhla . The event is backed by the Polisario Front , but largely organised and funded by donors from Spain , the former colonial power in Western Sahara , attracting support from Spanish film celebrities as Penélope Cruz , Javier Bardem and Pedro Almodóvar . This Festival is an initiative to bring film as an entertainment and cultural form to the thousands of Sahrawis whose community has lived for more than thirty years in relative isolation in the Algerian desert , being the only film festival in the world taking place in a refugee camp . The first festival was in large part organised by Peruvian film director Javier Corcuera . The festival has the two-fold aim of providing cultural entertainment and educational opportunities to refugees , and of raising awareness of the plight of the Sahrawi people , who have been exiled from their native Western Sahara for more than three decades . Western Sahara , `` Africa 's last colony , '' was given to Morocco and Mauritania by the Spanish when they withdrew in 1976 . The Moroccans subsequently annexed the entire territory in 1979 , in defiance of a ruling from the International Court of Justice . A sixteen-year war ensued between the Moroccans and the native Sahrawi independence movement , the Polisario Front . Under the terms of a 1991 UN ceasefire agreement , a referendum for self-determination was promised , but has been blocked by Morocco . In the meantime an estimated 165,000 refugees continue to live in four large camps in the inhospitable Algerian desert . Home to around 30,000 refugees , Dakhla is the most remote of the camps , located 175 km away from the nearest city , Tindouf . It has no electricity or paved roads and is dependent on outside supplies of food and water . Musicians like Fermín Muguruza , Manu Chao , Macaco , Iván Ferreiro , El Chojin or Tomasito had also performed in concerts during the festival . In 2010 , a twinning agreement was signed between the FiSahara and the San Sebastian Human Rights Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "61db6cf7f8816a06a07bd649a2503a5c", "text": "Tunisian Campaign The Tunisian Campaign ( also known as the Battle of Tunisia ) was a series of battles that took place in Tunisia during the North African Campaign of the Second World War , between Axis and Allied forces . The Allies consisted of British Imperial Forces , including Polish and Greek contingents , with American and French corps . The battle opened with initial success by the German and Italian forces but the massive supply interdiction efforts led to the decisive defeat of the Axis . Over 230,000 German and Italian troops were taken as prisoners of war , including most of the Afrika Korps .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "dcfa88da90c445b1f57446832f614fef", "text": "Kane (wrestler) Glenn Thomas Jacobs ( born April 26 , 1967 ) , better known by the ring name Kane , is an American professional wrestler , insurance broker , politician and actor . He is signed to WWE on the SmackDown brand , where he is currently on a hiatus as he is running for the office of mayor of Knox County , Tennessee . Jacobs began his professional wrestling career on the independent circuit in 1992 . He wrestled in promotions such as Smoky Mountain Wrestling ( SMW ) and the United States Wrestling Association ( USWA ) before joining the World Wrestling Federation ( now WWE ) in 1995 . Jacobs played various characters until 1997 , when he was repackaged as Kane , the demonic and/or monstrous younger half-brother of The Undertaker , with whom Jacobs would alternatively feud or team as The Brothers of Destruction . Following his debut , Kane remained a pivotal component of the company 's Attitude Era of the late 1990s and early 2000s , defeating Stone Cold Steve Austin -- the `` poster boy '' of the era -- for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship in his first pay-per-view ( PPV ) main event at King of the Ring 1998 . He has continued to compete in world championship PPV matches through the mid 2010s . Kane has won 23 total championships during his WWF/E career , including being a three-time world champion ( having held the WWF World Heavyweight Championship , ECW Championship , and WWE 's World Heavyweight Championship once each ) and a 12-time world tag team champion , having held the WWF/E ( World ) Tag Team Championship , WCW Tag Team Championship , and WWE Tag Team Championships with various partners . He is also a two-time WWE Intercontinental Champion and a 2010 Money in the Bank winner . Kane is the third man to win the WWE Grand Slam . Kane also holds the all-time record of eliminations at Royal Rumble with 44 eliminations . In 2017 , Jacobs announced his intention to run for the office of mayor of Knox County , Tennessee .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "40419224c30acf60b8da2f17100ac8f2", "text": "Frank E. Kane Frank Edward Kane ( born August 4 , 1932 ) is a Canadian former politician . He served in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1969 to 1982 as a Liberal member from the constituency of Chatham .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35e56508cc5fb8c3e28678a143d0108c", "text": "Fred Sasakamoose Frederick `` Chief Running Deer '' Sasakamoose ( born December 25 , 1933 ) was the first Canadian aboriginal player in the National Hockey League , and the first First Nations player with treaty status . He grew up on the Ahtahkakoop Indian Reserve as a Cree -LSB- 1 -RSB- . in Saskatchewan and learned to play hockey at an Indian residential school in Duck Lake . He was one of 11 kids , where only 5 survived throughout childhood due to smallpox -LSB- 1 -RSB- . His Cree name that elders referred to him as was `` to stand firm '' . -LSB- 2 -RSB- In 1953 he was selected as the most valuable player in the junior Western Canada Junior Hockey League while playing for Moose Jaw Canucks , scoring 31 goals in 34 games in the 1953-54 season -LSB- 3 -RSB- . He then made his debut in the NHL for the Chicago Black Hawks at Maple Leaf Gardens the night of February 27 , 1954 . He played with the Blackhawks for 11 games -LSB- 4 -RSB- during the rest of the 1953 -- 1954 season , and in following years played in the minor leagues . Sasakamoose skills are thanks to a Priest in Montreal who became the Sports director at the Indian residential school he was attending , who pushed Frederick to improve himself and develop an extraordinary left handed shot -LSB- 5 -RSB- . After retiring from hockey he became a band councillor on his home reserve and later chief for six years . He has also been extensively involved in the development of sports programs for aboriginal children . Since 1961 and beyond , he used his fame to promote opportunities for youth in sports which included Hockey , Long-distance running , Track and field , Soccer and Basketball . -LSB- 6 -RSB- In 2002 , he was honoured by the Blackhawks at a home game.He was inducted into the Saskatchewan Sports Hall of Fame in the builders category . He was acknowledge for achievements and contributions by both the Assembly of First Nations and the Federation of Saskatchewan Indian Nations ( FSIN ) . -LSB- 7 -RSB- He was also a founding member of the Northern Indian Hockey League .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba8bc7561cd21abe37928cbee8755339", "text": "Betty Kennedy Betty Margaret Hannah Kennedy , ( January 4 , 1926 -- March 20 , 2017 ) was a Canadian broadcaster , journalist , author , and Senator , who is best known for her work on radio and television . Born and raised in Ottawa , Ontario , the daughter of Walter Herbert Styran and Janet Kincaid ( McPhee ) Styran , Kennedy graduated from Lisgar Collegiate Institute , and began her career with the Ottawa Citizen . She became a broadcaster , as a host of a local radio show , during a newspaper strike . She was soon hired away by CFRB in Toronto where she became host of The Betty Kennedy Show in 1959 ; the daily interview and public affairs show remained on the air for 27 years with Kennedy interviewing 25,000 guests ranging from Pierre Trudeau to Debbie Reynolds . In 1962 , she joined the panel of the current affairs quiz show Front Page Challenge on CBC Television , remaining with the show until it went off the air in 1995 . She wrote two books : Gerhard : A love story ( 1975 ) , about her late first husband , and Hurricane Hazel ( 1979 ) . Kennedy also had a vital career as an Executive Producer for television . Her series , Insight with Betty Kennedy , aired on TV Ontario ( OECA ) during the early 1970s . Robert Gardner , who worked with Kennedy as a studio director on the series , said of her : `` She was remarkable . We would tape five half hour interviews live-to-tape in a single day . She would prep each of the sessions with very prominent guests and would flawlessly interview them . Often there was only a space of fifteen minutes between each program . There were no re-takes and not a single chance for error . '' She also executive-produced Leave this Not to Cain ( narrated by Pierre Berton ) , This Vibrant Land , and she hosted An Eye for Eternity ( the international fine arts exhibition at Montreal ) . Kennedy 's first husband , businessman Gerhard Kennedy , died of cancer in 1975 . Her second husband was G. Allan Burton ( 1915 -- 2002 ) , CEO and Chairman of now defunct Simpsons department stores . She was appointed to the Senate by Prime Minister Jean Chrétien on June 20 , 2000 . She retired less than six months later on her 75th birthday . Kennedy resided in Campbellville , Ontario , near Milton , Ontario with Burton . Kennedy died on March 20 , 2017 , aged 91 . Kennedy was named to both the Canadian Broadcast Hall of Fame and the Canadian News Hall of Fame and was made an Officer of the Order of Canada in 1982 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "61f023b18511ec5f15cf90beb1561241", "text": "Croatian Canadians Croatian Canadians are Canadian citizens who are of Croatian descent . The community exists in major cities including the Greater Toronto Area , Hamilton , Ottawa , Vancouver , Calgary , Windsor , and Montreal . A popular Croatian Canadian event is the Croatian-North American Soccer Tournament .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "513151d4a8c8255a0c7a11a2bfc6329e", "text": "Canada–Ireland relations Canada -- Ireland relations are those between Canada and Republic of Ireland . Canada and Ireland enjoy friendly relations , the importance of which centres on the history of Irish migration to Canada and the two countries ' shared history as parts of the British Empire . Approximately 4.5 million Canadians claimed to have Irish ancestors ( approximately 14 % of Canada 's population ) . Both nations are mutual members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development , United Nations and the World Trade Organization .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a6476065550199285473a5a801d2154d", "text": "The Jack Kane Show The Jack Kane Show was a Canadian music variety television series which aired on CBC Television from 1960 to 1961 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9561c3b5e88024fbac79fc5fb4d1699a", "text": "REAL Women of Canada REAL Women of Canada ( Vraies Femmes du Canada in French ) is a socially conservative advocacy group in Canada . The organization was founded in 1983 . REAL stands for `` Realistic , Equal , Active , for Life '' . The group believes that the nuclear family is the most important unit in Canadian society , and that the fragmentation of the Canadian family is a primary cause of social disorder . It lobbies the Government of Canada in favour of legislation to promote what it believes to be the Judeo-Christian model of family life , and to support homemaking . It is also opposed to feminism , abortion and LGBT rights ( and same-sex marriage in Canada as well ) . The group has intervened in Supreme Court of Canada cases such as R. v. Morgentaler ( 1993 ) and M. v. H. ( 1999 ) . In R. v. Sullivan ( 1991 ) it argued that a fetus is a person . Its objectives are , according to its website : To reaffirm that the family is society 's most important unit , since the nurturing of its members is best accomplished in the family setting . To promote the equality , advancement and well being of women , recognizing them as interdependent members of society , whether in the family , workplace or community . To promote , secure and defend legislation which upholds what it considers the Judeo-Christian understanding of marriage and family life . To support government and social policies that make homemaking possible for women who , out of necessity , would otherwise have to take employment outside the home . To support the right to life of all innocent individuals from conception to natural death . Part of their economic policies to help meet their objectives are increased tax relief for single-income families , families with children , and individuals with children . REAL Women is similar in political and social outlook to Phyllis Schlafly 's Eagle Forum and to Concerned Women for America in the United States . The organization has also heavily criticized individuals who have spoken out against Uganda 's criminalization of homosexual relations . On August 7 , 2013 , the group issued a statement criticizing Foreign Affairs Minister John Baird for speaking out on LGBT human rights issues in both Uganda and Russia as part of Canada 's foreign policy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2a30ac50035ea0d01e043d7bbdcede4", "text": "Todd Kane Todd Arthur Lucien Kane ( born 17 September 1993 ) is an English footballer who plays for Chelsea , as a right back , but also has the ability to be used as a right wing back , right midfielder as well a left back .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da9559a2faef222d04d68b655730246c", "text": "Canada–Latin America relations Canada -- Latin America relations are relations between Canada and Latin America . This includes the bilateral ties between Canada and the individual Latin American states , plurilateral ties between Canada and any group of those states , or multilateral relations through groups like the Organization of American States ( OAS ) . Canada and Latin America share ties of geography as part of the Western Hemisphere and history through the shared experience of European colonization . Culturally , Canada shares with the other American societies a mixture of European , indigenous American , and immigrant influences . Parts of Canada are majority-French speaking , and since French is a `` Latin '' language , Canada ( or more often Quebec ) is sometimes considered an honorary part of Latin America . However , Latin Americans may also group Canadians with United States citizens as norteamericanos or gringos . For both Canadians and Latin Americans the importance of relations with the United States may overshadow relations with each other . However Canada 's importance in the region has risen since joining the OAS in 1990 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0bf13e8dbc9b02b0341e6b2a276e5ad6", "text": "Paul Kane Paul Kane ( September 3 , 1810 -- February 20 , 1871 ) was an Irish-born Canadian painter , famous for his paintings of First Nations peoples in the Canadian West and other Native Americans in the Columbia District . A largely self-educated artist , Paul Kane grew up in Toronto ( then known as York ) and trained himself by copying European masters on a study trip through Europe . He undertook two voyages through the wild Canadian northwest in 1845 and from 1846 to 1848 . The first trip took him from Toronto to Sault Ste. Marie and back . Having secured the support of the Hudson 's Bay Company , he set out on a second , much longer voyage from Toronto across the Rocky Mountains to Fort Vancouver and Fort Victoria . On both trips Kane sketched and painted Aboriginal peoples and documented their lives . Upon his return to Toronto , he produced more than one hundred oil paintings from these sketches . Kane 's work , particularly his field sketches , are still a valuable resource for ethnologists . The oil paintings he completed in his studio are considered a part of the Canadian heritage , although he often embellished them considerably , departing from the accuracy of his field sketches in favour of more dramatic scenes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88b21ea3ddcaf8304b1a1e7b47041aa0", "text": "NHL 2K11 NHL 2K11 is an ice hockey video game , developed by Visual Concepts and published by 2K Sports . The game was announced on March 3 , 2010 , as a Wii-exclusive game . It was the first game in the NHL 2K series since NHL 2K7 not to be released on the PlayStation 3 , the first since NHL 2K6 not to be released on the Xbox 360 , the first since NHL 2K3 to not be released on the PlayStation 2 , and the last game in the NHL 2K series to be released on the Wii , as the next entry in the series is released only on iOS and Android devices . Take-Two chairman Strauss Zelnick said that `` As far as NHL , we 're taking a year off on PS3 and Xbox 360 to refine , redesign and re-think '' . Then Vancouver Canucks forward Ryan Kesler is the cover athlete for NHL 2K11 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e44264960f93b3795ed0517456ca2e44", "text": "Damien Kane Damien Kane ( born April 16 , 1960 ) is an American retired professional wrestler and manager . He is best known for his appearances with the Philadelphia , Pennsylvania-based promotion Extreme Championship Wrestling in the mid-1990s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e995f92eeb50944b1b983b7bcc3d62f", "text": "The O'Kanes The O'Kanes was an American country music duo , composed of Jamie O'Hara and Kieran Kane . Active between 1986 and 1990 , the duo recorded three albums for Columbia Records and charted seven singles on the Billboard Hot Country Singles ( now Hot Country Songs ) charts , including the Number One `` Ca n't Stop My Heart from Loving You '' . Kane charted seven singles of his own in the early 1980s , and O'Hara won a Grammy Award for co-writing `` Grandpa ( Tell Me ` Bout the Good Ol' Days ) '' , a Number One hit for The Judds . After they disbanded in 1990 , both members pursued solo careers , and Kane founded a record label called Dead Reckoning Records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "351b50fab3db049b590c6593497ac988", "text": "Australian Canadians Australian Canadians are Canadian citizens of Australian descent or Australian-born people who reside in Canada . According to the 2011 Census there were 36,350 Canadians who claimed full or partial Australian ancestry . Both are among the most developed countries and share historical connections , language , similar customs and among others , they also have Elizabeth II as their Head of State as both are also Commonwealth realms .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a25272c53fd712efd4d535c008d313ee", "text": "Canada (band) Canada is an American indie folk-pop music group from Ann Arbor , Michigan . Its songs are generally acoustic and feature guitars , drums , cellos , glockenspiels , melodicas , rhodes piano , organ and accordions . The group is known for its group vocals and harmonies and energetic live shows where members switch instruments between songs . `` With a blend of pop , folk , and country , Canada keeps an even keel with amazing melodies and even more engaging instrumentation , never becoming tiresome or trite in its mission to craft the perfect pop song ... They have made what could very well be the best pop album to come out of the ever-fruitful Detroit music scene in 2006 , and considering the quality of the competition , that 's no small praise . '' The band , composed of long-time friends , formed in late 2004 and self-released the six song How Dare You EP in July 2005 . Soon after , they were approached by indie Michigan label Quite Scientific and soon signed with them to record a full length album . Recording took place during the fall and winter of 2005 in Lansing , Michigan on a soundboard originally used to mix portions of the second and third Star Wars films . The band released its first album , This Cursed House , in June 2006 . The album became the No. 1 most-added album in college radio for June 20 , 2006 , and later climbed to No. 13 on the CMJ Radio Top 200 ( CMJ New Music Report , Issue 971 ) . Canada proceeded to embark on a series of tours with friends Page France ( Suicide Squeeze ) , Saturday Looks Good To Me ( Polyvinyl ) Headlights ( Polyvinyl ) , and Margot and the Nuclear So and So 's . Joe , Ryan , and Aaron ( Shaul ) became brief members of Saturday Looks Good To Me during this time , playing bass , drums , and glockenspiel respectively . Ryan later became a more permanent member with the group and toured with them as their drummer during their 2007 US and European tours . Canada also performed at the 2006 Pygmalion Music Festival in Champaign-Urbana , the 2006/7/8 CMJ Music Marathon in New York City and SXSW 2006/7 in Austin . Canada embarked on its longest ( 8 week ) nationwide tour in the summer of 2007 . The band was prepping the release of their second full-length ( which would have been called Put Singing Birds Into Your Messy Hair ) , when creative , scheduling , and recording issues put a halt to production in late 2008 . The band currently has no plans to re-unite , despite several offers for reunion concerts in Southeastern Michigan , however their second record may become available digitally sometime in the future .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e1f79c3796cf84a607ebdd99e9e0d5d", "text": "Kane County Kane County is the name of two counties in the United States : Kane County , Illinois Kane County , Utah Other uses : Kane County ( comics ) , the county-level jurisdiction in which Gotham City is located in the DC Universe line of comic books , named for Bob Kane , the creator of Batman Kane County Cougars are a minor league baseball team based in Kane County , Illinois . Category : Place name disambiguation pages", "title": "" }, { "docid": "50ddce3496c8c07e609b15cfd5b19057", "text": "Kane (instrument) The -LSB- kane -RSB- is a type of dish-shaped bell from Japan . In gagaku music , this instrument is called shōko . The is often found in traditional Japanese music or Min ` yō . Although sometimes suspended from a bar , it is more common for a musician to hold the bell in place with one hand beat it with the other using a special mallet , often made from bone . The kane makes three distinct sounds : chon - hitting the middle ; chi - hitting the inside edge ; and ki - reversing the stroke . This kind of onomatopoeic mnemonic or shouga is common in Japanese music . There are several sizes of kane , such as the atarigane or the surigane . Kane are also used in Buddhist or Shinto ceremonies . In temples , they may be used to signify time or alert people to certain events .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e9d4bbb6a38b56e755ab44360f4cf9f1", "text": "Canada 2011 Census The Canada 2011 Census is a detailed enumeration of the Canadian population on May 10 , 2011 . Statistics Canada , an agency of the Canadian government , conducts a nationwide census every five years . In 2011 , it consisted of a mandatory short form census questionnaire and an inaugural National Household Survey ( NHS ) , a voluntary survey which replaced the mandatory long form census questionnaire ; this substitution was the focus of much controversy . Completion of the ( short form ) census is mandatory for all Canadians , and those who do not complete it may face penalties ranging from fines to jail time . The Statistics Act mandates a Senate and/or House of Commons ( joint ) committee review of the opt-in clause ( for the release of one 's census records after 92 years ) by 2014 . The 2011 Census is the fifteenth decennial census and is required by section 8 of the Constitution Act , 1867 . As with other decennial censuses , the data was used to adjust federal electoral district boundaries . As of August 24 , 2011 , Canada 's overall collection response rate was 98.1 % , up over a full percentage point from 96.5 % in the 2006 Census . Ontario and Prince Edward Island each hold the highest response rate at 98.3 % , while Nunavut holds the lowest response rate at 92.7 % . In an article in the New York Times in August 2015 , journalist Stephen Marche argued that by ending the mandatory long-form census in 2011 , the federal government `` stripped Canada of its capacity to gather information about itself '' in the `` age of information . '' Nearly 500 organizations in Canada , including the Canadian Medical Association , the Canadian Chamber of Commerce , and the Canadian Catholic Council of Bishops protested the decision to replace the long form Census in 2011 with a shorter version .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "faa1a49a078c1956dfaf67b0fd7a4b07", "text": "K.I.D (band) K.I.D is a Canadian indie rock band created in 2014 by Kara Lane and Bobby Lo from Mississauga , Ontario , Canada . K.I.D released their debut EP `` K.I.D '' in 2014 at Virgin Records Canada , a subsidiary of Universal Music Canada , featuring their first single `` I Wish I was your Cigarette '' . In May 2016 , the band signed with Columbia records for the world , excluding Canada . They also released a number of singles at Columbia Records including their debut single `` Errors '' in September 2016 ( video released ) - The video for `` Errors '' was directed by Nadia Lee Cohen . The band is managed by Merck Mercuriadis of Hipgnosis Music Ltd. , publisher and record label in London and Los Angeles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c629c84aadd9aa74641c38f636369bd", "text": "List of Prime Ministers of Canada by languages spoken The politics of language has been a key issue in Canada since the founding of the country in 1867 . The choice of a party leader is greatly influenced by language proficiency , as is electability with the public . All Canadian prime ministers have spoken either French or English , some both , but only a few were fluently bilingual , and few have spoken any other language . All prime ministers have had one of English or French as their mother tongue with the possible exceptions of Sir John A. Macdonald and Alexander Mackenzie , who may have spoken Scottish Gaelic or Lowland Scots as their first language . The two official languages of the Parliament of Canada have been English and French since 1867 under the British North America Act ; however , few members of parliament have historically been able to debate in their second language , and simultaneous translation was not introduced until the 1960s , making for two largely separate groups of legislators debating the same issues in two different languages . Furthermore the language of administration was almost solely English before the 1969 Official Languages Act . Speaking English has always been necessary to become prime minister as the majority of any parliamentary caucus large enough to form government has always been made up of unilingual Anglophones , not to mention the voting public . Not being able to speak French has not always been considered a sufficient handicap to prevent one from becoming prime minister , however . All Anglophone Canadian prime ministers have had ministers in their cabinet that represented the provincial interests of Quebec and spoke the French language , known as Quebec lieutenants . This tradition began before Confederation in the old United Province in Canada , which was usually jointly governed by two `` co-premiers '' , one from Canada West ( Ontario ) and one from Canada East ( Quebec ) . It was extended into Confederation via Macdonald 's partnership with George-Étienne Cartier and has continued down to the present day . Since rise of Quebec nationalism ( following the Quiet Revolution -LSB- circa 1960-1966 -RSB- ) , and especially the introduction of official bilingualism in the Official Languages Act in 1969 and its entrenchment in the Constitution of 1982 , Canadian prime ministers ( and party leaders as potential prime ministers ) have been expected to be functionally bilingual by convention . An important factor in this trend has been the creation of the televised leaders ' debates , which are held in separately in French and English . The parties feel the need to have a leader who can at least participate in both debates , even if they can not win them both . The need to speak both languages is also seen as symbol of Canada 's identity as a linguistic duality , but also as a practical political matter , as the prime minister is seen as a leader of the federalist camp opposed to Quebec separatism and must be able to fight for the `` hearts and minds '' of Quebecers in their native language .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "da92f6e17ae1512f9905316da1ff007d", "text": "Arbitrage (film) Arbitrage is a 2012 American thriller drama film directed by Nicholas Jarecki and starring Richard Gere , Susan Sarandon , Tim Roth and Brit Marling . Filming began in April 2011 in New York City . It opened in U.S. theaters in September 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "711118f6f6fad360b7a2a961f7d41ea3", "text": "Richard Gere Richard Tiffany Gere ( -LSB- ˈɡɪər -RSB- ; born August 31 , 1949 ) is an American actor and humanitarian activist . He began acting in the 1970s , playing a supporting role in Looking for Mr. Goodbar and a starring role in Days of Heaven . He came to prominence in 1980 for his role in the film American Gigolo , which established him as a leading man and a sex symbol . He went on to star in several hit films , including An Officer and a Gentleman , Pretty Woman , Primal Fear , Runaway Bride , Arbitrage and Chicago , for which he won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor and a Screen Actors Guild Award for part of the Best Cast .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "84e507fd69a4b141fbf07d6ef5237ec1", "text": "The Stunt Man The Stunt Man is a 1980 American film directed by Richard Rush , starring Peter O'Toole , Steve Railsback , and Barbara Hershey . The movie was adapted by Lawrence B. Marcus and Rush from the 1970 novel of the same name by Paul Brodeur . It tells the story of a young fugitive who hides as a stunt double on the set of an anti-war movie whose charismatic director will do seemingly anything for the sake of his art . It was nominated for three Academy Awards : Best Actor in a Leading Role ( Peter O'Toole ) , Best Director ( Richard Rush ) , and Best Writing , Screenplay Based on Material from Another Medium . However , due to its limited release , it never earned much attention from US audiences at large . As O'Toole remarked in a DVD audio commentary , `` The film was n't released , it escaped . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea02884e954c895c2168ccda076745b3", "text": "Where Danger Lives Where Danger Lives is a 1950 film noir thriller directed by John Farrow and starring Robert Mitchum , Faith Domergue and Claude Rains . At the time , Domergue was the latest of Howard Hughes ' proteges .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b019529c3584734b2d76286711a17042", "text": "Tripwire (film) Tripwire is a 1989 American film directed by James Lemmo . It is an action/adventure movie about a terrorist and government secret agent personal vendetta that began when a train hijacking goes badly awry and the terrorist 's son is accidentally killed . The original music score was composed by Richard Stone . Originally intended for a theatrical release ( it did get releases only in Europe between 1989 and 1990 ) , the movie was released directly to video and laserdisc on March 21 , 1990 in the U.S. by RCA/Columbia and in Canada on video only by Cineplex Odeon . The movie has not been released on DVD and as of December 26 , 2009 , Sony has not announced any plans to release the movie on DVD .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "144aea44126a922b7b8f955798510c3f", "text": "58 Minutes 58 Minutes is a thriller novel by American novelist Walter Wager . The novel was the basis for the 1990 film Die Hard 2 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c87df78df4d70b27af3959ce4bf11ec", "text": "A Kiss Before Dying (1956 film) A Kiss Before Dying is a 1956 American color film noir , directed by Gerd Oswald in his directorial debut . The screenplay was written by Lawrence Roman , based on Ira Levin 's 1953 novel of the same name , which won the 1954 Edgar Award for `` Best First Novel . '' The drama stars Robert Wagner , Jeffrey Hunter , Virginia Leith , Joanne Woodward , and Mary Astor . It was remade in 1991 under the same title . Wagner plays a charming , intelligent man who will stop at nothing to get his life where he wants it to go . His problem is a pregnant woman -- played by Joanne Woodward in one of her first film roles -- who loves him . The solution involves desperate measures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de4768b24a6f1ca7d782aa14997d00a5", "text": "American Gigolo American Gigolo is a 1980 American romantic crime film written and directed by Paul Schrader , and starring Richard Gere , Lauren Hutton , Hector Elizondo , Nina Van Pallandt and Bill Duke . It tells the story of Julian Kaye , a high-price male escort in Los Angeles who becomes romantically involved with a prominent politician 's wife while simultaneously becoming the prime suspect in a murder case . The film is notable for establishing Gere as a leading man , and was one of the first mainstream Hollywood films to include frontal male nudity from its main star . It is also notable for its accompanying soundtrack , composed by Giorgio Moroder and featuring the number-one hit single `` Call Me '' by Blondie . Schrader considers it one of four similar films , which he calls `` double bookends '' : Taxi Driver , bookended by Light Sleeper , and American Gigolo bookended by The Walker .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ec6c81cfebd7f8cebdc86c301d33103", "text": "The Canyon The Canyon is a 2009 thriller film written by Steve Allrich and directed by Richard Harrah .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c7f9afdc6d0fd27ef24a255951e1766a", "text": "Erotic thriller An Erotic thriller is a film genre defined by a thriller with a thematic basis in illicit romance or erotic fantasy . Most erotic thrillers contain scenes of softcore sex and nudity , but the frequency and explicitness of those scenes varies . Though similar films appeared as early as the 1960s , erotic thrillers emerged as a distinct genre in the late 1980s , bolstered by the popular success of Adrian Lyne 's Fatal Attraction in 1987 and a quickly expanding domestic and international market for softcore adult entertainment on cable television and home video . The genre had a classic period of growth and expansion in the 1990s , but by the early 2000s declined in production and popular appeal . The potent combination of danger and romance , catering to both male and female audiences simultaneously , was the primary selling point for erotic thriller films during their classic period . The half-naked bodies displayed on posters , newspaper ads , and video box covers were accompanied by log lines that capture the unmistakable duality of the erotic thriller film : If you think you can handle her , you 're dead wrong . -- Body Chemistry 3 : Point of Seduction He was hired to watch . Now he 's tempted to touch . -- Night Eyes Twin sisters cross the line into a deadly erotic fantasy land . -- Mirror Images In all , over 300 erotic thriller films were produced in the 1990s , which is comparable to the number of thriller films made in the noir decade of the 1940s . The total number of films in the erotic thriller genre from 1985 to 2005 may number as high as over 500 . Like film noir , the genre has evolved and modernized , and new films continue to be made that are influenced by the classic style .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "059585d933e4dd4309a0df6a332beb3d", "text": "The Glass Ceiling (film) The Glass Ceiling ( Spanish : El techo de cristal ) is a 1971 psychological thriller film , written and directed by Eloy de la Iglesia . It stars Carmen Sevilla , Dean Selmier and Patty Shepard . The plot follows a bored housewife who begins to suspect that her upstairs neighbor killed her invalid husband . Sevilla won a major award in her home country ( the Cinema Writers Circle Award ) for this performance . The film is somewhat inspired by Alfred Hitchcock 's Rear Window and the Hollywood paranoia classic George Cukor 's Gaslight , and the director 's own The Cannibal Man . The film was a commercial success .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "744541ea7b41a01ad36434fcd12fab8e", "text": "Shut In (2015 film) Shut In ( also known as Intruders ) is an American horror thriller film directed by Adam Schindler and written by T.J. Cimfel and David White . The film stars Beth Riesgraf , Rory Culkin , Martin Starr and Jack Kesy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3cb091447815066dc7b20ad53c47be8", "text": "Operation Eichmann (1961 film) Operation Eichmann is a 1961 American film directed by R.G. Springsteen and starring Werner Klemperer in the title role . The film is based on the true of story of a viewpoint of a war criminal Adolf Eichmann from his career as a member of the SS and an architect of The Holocaust to his capture in Argentina by the Mossad .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d303cc4ded81bc3802c8beeb0d19b926", "text": "Paycheck (film) Paycheck is a 2003 American science fiction thriller film based on the short story of the same name by science fiction writer Philip K. Dick . The film was directed by John Woo and stars Ben Affleck , Uma Thurman and Aaron Eckhart . Paul Giamatti , Michael C. Hall , Joe Morton and Colm Feore also appear .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d6cbdb82dc427c6db7c9a2db6dc9b015", "text": "Payback (1999 film) Payback is a 1999 American neo-noir crime film written and directed by Brian Helgeland in his directorial debut , and starring Mel Gibson , Gregg Henry , Maria Bello and David Paymer . It was based on the novel The Hunter by Donald E. Westlake using the pseudonym Richard Stark , which had earlier been adapted into the 1967 film noir classic Point Blank , directed by John Boorman and starring Lee Marvin . In 2006 Helgeland issued a director 's cut that differs substantially from the version released by the studio .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fcf0ce9190668b5358aab05a24a7e8a0", "text": "Rollercoaster (1977 film) Rollercoaster is a 1977 American disaster-suspense film starring George Segal , Richard Widmark , Henry Fonda and Timothy Bottoms , and directed by James Goldstone . It was one of the few films to be shown in Sensurround , which caused audience seats to vibrate during certain periods during the `` thrill scenes '' on the rides .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "81bbd36b114d04ff9a4de41ad2ac0e4e", "text": "The Chamber (film) The Chamber is a 1996 crime thriller film based on John Grisham 's novel of the same name . The film was directed by James Foley and stars Gene Hackman and Chris O'Donnell .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9656a0d9d2a70ac135b4e9c91527c566", "text": "Dead Body on Broadway Dead Body on Broadway ( German : Todesschüsse am Broadway ) is a 1969 German thriller film directed by Harald Reinl and starring George Nader , Heinz Weiss and Heidy Bohlen . It was part of the series of films portraying FBI agent Jerry Cotton .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "feb8f87f74871c4b54b14e6932af5b9f", "text": "The Mark (1961 film) The Mark is a 1961 film which tells the story of a convicted child molester , now out of prison , who is suspected in the molestation and beating of another child . The picture stars Stuart Whitman , Maria Schell , Rod Steiger and Brenda De Banzie . Adapted by Sidney Buchman and Stanley Mann from the novel by Charles E. Israel , the movie was directed by Guy Green . The Mark was selected to compete for a Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival and Whitman was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b4d0e1086b642ca16abc4f143ac26320", "text": "Murder by Numbers Murder by Numbers is a 2002 American psychological thriller film produced and directed by Barbet Schroeder starring Sandra Bullock , Ben Chaplin , Ryan Gosling and Michael Pitt . It is loosely based on the Leopold and Loeb case . The film was screened at the 2002 Cannes Film Festival , but was not entered in competition .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "50ccc92cde1ee4a9009b4d60dda68361", "text": "Falling in Love (1984 film) Falling in Love is a 1984 American romantic drama film starring Robert De Niro and Meryl Streep and directed by Ulu Grosbard . In the film , two married strangers meet randomly , become friends , and fall in love . They spend time together , riding the train into the city of New York , and begin meeting for coffee or lunch . They enjoy their time together and this enjoyment eventually blossoms into love .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "850c3541c8f7d631d0ad2316eac173fa", "text": "Car 99 Car 99 is a 1935 American thriller film directed by Charles Barton and written by Karl Detzer and C. Gardner Sullivan . The film stars Fred MacMurray , Ann Sheridan , Guy Standing , Marina Koshetz , Dean Jagger , William Frawley and Frank Craven . The film was released on March 2 , 1935 , by Paramount Pictures .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "3506ec89a2e8c41c4c9f2b16fe1cca65", "text": "Showtime (basketball) In basketball , Showtime was an era in Los Angeles Lakers history when the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) team played an exciting run-and-gun style of basketball . Led by Magic Johnson 's passing skills and Kareem Abdul-Jabbar 's scoring , the team relied on fast breaks and won five NBA championships . Lakers owner Jerry Buss purchased the team in 1979 , and he wanted their games to be entertaining . He insisted that the Lakers play an up-tempo style , and the team hired dancers and a live band for their home games at The Forum . The team established a Hollywood-celebrity following .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d84ed9b8810524aa6b8971065a6fe85a", "text": "1991 NBA Finals The 1991 NBA Finals was the championship round of the 1990 -- 91 NBA season . It was also the first NBA Finals broadcast by NBC after 17 years with CBS . The documentary `` Learning to Fly , '' narrated by Jeff Kaye , recaps Chicago 's successful first championship season . The theme song is `` Learning to Fly '' by Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers . The Chicago Bulls of the Eastern Conference took on the Los Angeles Lakers of the Western Conference for the title , with Chicago having home court advantage . It was Michael Jordan 's first NBA Finals appearance , Magic Johnson 's last , and the last NBA Finals for the Lakers until 2000 . The Bulls would win the series , 4-1 . Jordan averaged 31.2 points on 56 % shooting , 11.4 assists , 6.6 rebounds , 2.8 steals and 1.4 blocks en route to his first NBA Finals MVP Award . The series was not the first time that the Bulls and Lakers faced off in the playoffs . Prior to 1991 , they met for four postseason series ( 1968 , 1971 , 1972 and 1973 ) , all Lakers victories . Chicago was a member of the Western Conference at the time and moved into the East in 1981 . The 1991 Finals marked the first time the Bulls defeated the Lakers in a playoff series . This series would mark the end of the Lakers Showtime era and the beginning of the Bulls ' dynasty . After winning five championships in eight finals appearances in the 1980s , the Lakers would struggle for the rest of the 1990s before winning five championships between the 1999-2000 and 2009-10 seasons . The 1991 Lakers were led by Johnson , already in his thirties , playing in his last full year , as was fellow All-Star teammate James Worthy ; Kareem Abdul-Jabbar had retired two seasons earlier . The Bulls , led by NBA MVP Michael Jordan and superstar small forward Scottie Pippen , would win five more championships after 1991 in a seven-year span , cementing their status as a dynasty before struggling badly in a post-MJ era that saw them take several years to even become average . When it was all said and done , Michael Jordan became only the third man in NBA history ( after George Mikan and Abdul-Jabbar ) to capture the scoring title and the NBA Finals Championship in the same season . Until 2015 , the Bulls were the last team to win an NBA championship despite fielding a full roster lacking in championship or Finals experience . None of the Bulls players had logged even a minute of NBA Finals experience prior to this .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "039fbf8df831732ffe94e31df7bd4c76", "text": "1991 NBA Playoffs The 1991 NBA Playoffs was the postseason tournament of the National Basketball Association 's 1990 -- 91 season . The tournament concluded with the Eastern Conference champion Chicago Bulls defeating the Western Conference champion Los Angeles Lakers 4 games to 1 in the NBA Finals . Michael Jordan was named NBA Finals MVP . After the Pistons had ended their season the last three years , the Bulls got revenge in the Eastern Conference Finals by sweeping the two-time defending NBA champions . It was the first time the Bulls won a playoff series over the Pistons since 1974 , when both teams were still part of the Western Conference . Game 4 ended with some of the Pistons walking off the court before time expired , refusing to shake the Bulls ' hands . In the 1989 NBA Finals , the Pistons themselves had swept the two-time defending champion Lakers . Detroit did not reach the conference finals again until 2003 . The seventh seeded Golden State Warriors stunned the San Antonio Spurs in the first round of the playoffs , defeating them 3 games to 1 . It would be Golden State 's last playoff series win until 2007 . The 76ers and the Bucks met in the first round of the playoffs where the 76ers swept the series . It would be both teams last playoff appearance until 1999 . Game 4 of the Blazers -- Jazz series was the last game ever played at the Salt Palace . This was the first year that NBC aired the NBA Playoffs .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "3e9601a775b8884761340517e90297e2", "text": "1983 NBA Finals The 1983 NBA Finals , also known as Showdown ' 83 , was the championship round of the 1982 -- 83 NBA season . It was the last NBA Championship Series completed before June 1 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "820b2a90d637b4887b25f5d7a7c0fd76", "text": "1985–86 Atlanta Hawks season The Hawks entered the season with rookies Jon Koncak and Spud Webb . The Hawks were transformed into one of the youngest teams in the NBA . The Hawks were led by `` the Human Highlight Reel '' Dominique Wilkins . He would have an outstanding year as he led the NBA in scoring with an average of 30.3 points per game . One of the highlights of the season came when Webb ( measuring five feet , seven inches ) won the NBA Slam Dunk contest during All-Star Weekend . In the second half of the season , the Hawks would be one of the strongest teams in the league . The club won 35 of their final 52 games to finish the season with a record of 50 wins and 32 losses . In the playoffs , the Hawks would eliminate the Detroit Pistons in 4 games . In the 2nd round , the Hawks would be defeated by the Boston Celtics in 5 games . The team 's season roster is featured in the video games NBA 2K16 and NBA 2K17 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bf77a8e6ccd3b3324aede909aa1a6086", "text": "1954 NBA All-Star Game The 1954 NBA All Star Game was the fourth NBA All-Star Game . It was held on January 21 , 1954 , at Madison Square Garden in New York City . Bob Cousy of the Boston Celtics was the game MVP . Joe Lapchick of the New York Knicks coached the Eastern Conference and John Kundla of the Minneapolis Lakers coached the Western Conference . The attendance was 16,487 . The Eastern Conference held an 84 -- 82 edge with only seconds remaining in the game . Then , George Mikan of the Lakers was fouled . Mikan proceeded to make both foul shots , which sent the game into overtime . In the extra period , Cousy scored 10 points to secure a 98 -- 93 victory . The Western Conference 's Jim Pollard , the game 's high scorer with 23 points , had been named MVP in a vote taken before regulation time had run out . But another ballot was taken and Cousy became the MVP . The 1954 All-Star Game was the last All-Star Game in which neither side reached 100 points .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "69aa3290e3b9cd7058694274721532c0", "text": "1993–94 Atlanta Hawks season The 1993 -- 94 NBA season was the Hawks ' 45th season in the National Basketball Association , and 26th season in Atlanta . In the offseason , Michael Jordan shocked the NBA by announcing his retirement . This meant that various teams in the league had an opportunity to contend for a championship . The Hawks hired Hall of Famer Lenny Wilkens as their new head coach . Wilkens was a star guard for the franchise when it was based in St. Louis in the 1960s . Wilkens was quickly moving up the all-time coaching wins list after successful runs with the Seattle SuperSonics and Cleveland Cavaliers . Wilkens employed a defensive system which benefited several members of the team . The team also signed free agents Craig Ehlo and Andrew Lang during the offseason . The Hawks got off to a slow start losing four of their first five games , but then went on a 14-game winning streak as they held a 34 -- 13 record before the All-Star break . Despite being in first place in the East , the Hawks would trade franchise leading scorer Dominique Wilkins to the Los Angeles Clippers for All-Star forward Danny Manning on February 24 . By the end of the season , the Hawks finished first overall in the Eastern Conference with a record of 57 wins and 25 losses . Guards Stacey Augmon and Mookie Blaylock were both named to the NBA All-Defensive team . Blaylock was also selected for the 1994 NBA All-Star Game along with Wilkins , and Coach of The Year , Lenny Wilkens coaching the Eastern Conference . In the playoffs , the Hawks defeated the Miami Heat in the Eastern Conference Quarterfinals in five games after trailing 2 -- 1 , but lost to the 5th-seeded Indiana Pacers four games to two in the semifinals . Following the season , Manning signed as an unrestricted free agent with the Phoenix Suns , Duane Ferrell signed with the Indiana Pacers , and second-year forward Adam Keefe was traded to the Utah Jazz .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b4ee2a6febc9b0067998b1e58828db9", "text": "2001–02 Los Angeles Lakers season The 2001 -- 02 NBA season was the Lakers ' 54th season in the National Basketball Association , and 42nd in the city of Los Angeles . During the offseason , the Lakers signed All-Star guard Mitch Richmond and free agent Samaki Walker , while acquiring Lindsey Hunter from the Milwaukee Bucks . The team got off to a fast start winning 16 of their first 17 games , and finished second in the Pacific Division with a 58 -- 24 record . Kobe Bryant and Shaquille O'Neal were both selected for the 2002 NBA All-Star Game in which Bryant won MVP honors , but O'Neal did not participate in the All-Star game due to an injury . After sweeping the Portland Trail Blazers 3 -- 0 in the first round of the playoffs , then defeating the San Antonio Spurs 4 -- 1 in the semifinals , the Lakers where pushed to the brink once more in the Western Conference Finals by their archrivals the Sacramento Kings , who they narrowly defeated in a deciding seventh game . They then went on to win the NBA Finals , defeating and sweeping the New Jersey Nets in four straight games for their second three-peat in franchise history , the first since 1952 -- 54 . Following the season , Richmond retired and Hunter was traded to the Toronto Raptors . This would be the third and final consecutive NBA Championship the Lakers won in the early 2000s , as in the next season , their quest for a fourth consecutive NBA Championship ended with a playoff elimination by the San Antonio Spurs in six games in the semifinals , who would then go on to win the NBA Finals that season and their second NBA Championship . Although the Lakers returned to the Finals in 2004 , the Lakers would lose to the Detroit Pistons in five games , despite being the heavy favorites to win and having former All-Stars and veterans Gary Payton and Karl Malone , leading to O'Neal 's departure from the Lakers amidst boiling points between the Lakers staff and management and Kobe Bryant , culminating in his trade to the Miami Heat , ending the early 2000s Lakers dynasty . The Lakers would not win another title until 2009 , in which they defeated the Orlando Magic in five games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e48427c3eb829098e06ac4376a51684", "text": "1998 NBA Finals The 1998 NBA Finals was the championship round of the 1998 playoffs of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) and the conclusion of the 1997 -- 98 NBA season . The Eastern Conference champion Chicago Bulls played against the Western Conference champion Utah Jazz , with the Jazz holding home-court advantage with the first 2 games in Salt Lake City . In a repeat of the previous year 's Finals , the Bulls won the series 4 games to 2 for their third consecutive NBA title and their sixth in eight seasons . Michael Jordan was voted the NBA Finals MVP of the series ( he also had won the award the last five times the Bulls won the Finals : 1991 , 1992 , 1993 , 1996 , and 1997 ) . This would be his sixth NBA championship and sixth Finals MVP award in six full basketball seasons . Until 2014 , it was the last consecutive Finals rematch between two teams . The 1998 Finals garnered the highest Nielsen TV ratings in NBA history at 18.7 , and even surpassed the Nielsen ratings for the 1998 World Series , marking the first time the NBA had a higher rating in its championship round than of Major League Baseball 's championship round . The 1998 NBA season documentary `` Unforgettabulls '' was the first of five narrated by Will Lyman through NBA Entertainment , which recaps the entire Bulls ' season . Rick Telander narrates on the opening credits . Marv Albert narrates the timeline of Michael Jordan 's career with the Bulls .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "22c1269a1e94b8452ade32f49092c3c0", "text": "Minneapolis Auditorium Minneapolis Auditorium was an indoor arena in Minneapolis , Minnesota . It hosted the NBA 's Minneapolis Lakers from 1947 until they moved to the Minneapolis Armory in 1959 . The arena held 10,000 people and was built in 1927 . The building fell into obscurity after the opening of the Met Center in suburban Bloomington . It was demolished in 1989 to make way for the Minneapolis Convention Center .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "32d6b488729701e7b53fc68263816a03", "text": "Three-peat Three-peat is a term used primarily in American sports to refer to winning three consecutive championships . The term , a portmanteau of the words three and repeat , originated with the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association , during their unsuccessful campaign for a third consecutive championship during the 1988 -- 89 season , having won the previous 2 NBA Finals in 1987 and 1988 against the Boston Celtics and Detroit Pistons , but were swept by the Pistons in the 1989 NBA Finals . The term is a registered trademark owned by Hardo Beers , the Lakers ' Hardo strength coach from 1981 -- 1990 , although it was coined by L.A. player Byron Scott immediately after their victorious championship defense against the Detroit Pistons in the 1988 NBA Finals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee92f56ea9ba2b65e427337de74057ed", "text": "NBA Most Valuable Player Award The National Basketball Association Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) is an annual National Basketball Association ( NBA ) award given since the 1955 -- 56 season to the best performing player of the regular season . The winner receives the Maurice Podoloff Trophy , which is named in honor of the first commissioner ( then president ) of the NBA , who served from 1946 until 1963 . Until the , the MVP was selected by a vote of NBA players . Since the , the award is decided by a panel of sportswriters and broadcasters throughout the United States and Canada , each of whom casts a vote for first to fifth place selections . Each first-place vote is worth 10 points ; each second-place vote is worth seven ; each third-place vote is worth five , fourth-place is worth three and fifth-place is worth one . Starting from 2010 , one ballot was cast by fans through online voting . The player with the highest point total wins the award . , the current holder of the award is Stephen Curry , who won both the 2015 and 2016 MVP Awards . Every player who has won this award and has been eligible for the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame has been inducted . Kareem Abdul-Jabbar won the award a record six times . Both Bill Russell and Michael Jordan won the award five times , while Wilt Chamberlain and LeBron James won the award four times . Russell and James are the only players to have won the award four times in five seasons . Moses Malone , Larry Bird and Magic Johnson each won the award three times , while Bob Pettit , Karl Malone , Tim Duncan , Steve Nash and Stephen Curry have each won it twice . Only two rookies have won the award : Wilt Chamberlain in the and Wes Unseld in the 1968 -- 69 season . Hakeem Olajuwon of Nigeria , Tim Duncan of the U.S. Virgin Islands , Steve Nash of Canada and Dirk Nowitzki of Germany are the only MVP winners considered `` international players '' by the NBA . Stephen Curry in 2015 -- 16 is the only player to have won the award unanimously . Shaquille O'Neal in 1999 -- 2000 and LeBron James in 2012 -- 13 are the only two players to have fallen one vote shy of a unanimous selection , both receiving 120 of 121 votes . Since the , every winner was from a team that won at least 50 games in the regular season that year.Except for seasons affected by lockouts , when the schedule was shortened from the norm of 82 games . Karl Malone won in 1998 -- 99 when Utah was 37 -- 13 in 50 games , which projected to 60 wins in 82 games . James won in 2011 -- 12 when the Miami Heat were 46 -- 20 in 66 games , which projected to 57 wins .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e7eff70f2c177495a478800dee387086", "text": "1991 PBA First Conference Finals The 1991 PBA First Conference Finals was the best-of-7 basketball championship series of the 1991 PBA First Conference , and the conclusion of the conference 's playoffs . Ginebra San Miguel and the Shell Rimula X played for the 48th championship contested by the league . This series also serves as a rematch after Shell captured the championship in the same conference a year before when Ginebra ( then known as the Añejo Rum 65ers ) walked out of the playing court in the sixth and series-clinching game with Shell leading , 62-47 with 2:52 left in the second quarter . Ginebra San Miguel won against Shell Rimula X in seven games to capture their third PBA title , coming from a 1-3 deficit . Ginebra 's championship victory was the biggest PBA finals comeback in the league 's history until the 2015 -- 16 Philippine Cup Finals when the San Miguel Beermen came back from a 0 -- 3 deficit to defeat the Alaska Aces and win the championship series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ea0570cd3e9957a8489ae4e4426f307", "text": "1989–90 New York Knicks season The 1989 -- 90 NBA season was the 44th season for the New York Knicks in the National Basketball Association . Before the season , owners Gulf + Western reorganized and became Paramount Communications , renaming themselves after the Paramount Pictures film studio . During the offseason , the Knicks hired Stu Jackson as their new head coach . The team got off to a solid start , winning 20 of their first 27 games , while posting a nine-game winning streak . At midseason , the Knicks traded second-year guard Rod Strickland to the San Antonio Spurs for Maurice Cheeks . However , as they stood at a 39 -- 22 record , they struggled and lost 15 of their final 21 games . The Knicks had a 45 -- 37 record and finished third in the Atlantic Division . The Knicks ' fifth-place finish in the Eastern Conference earned them a berth in the NBA Playoffs for the third straight year . Patrick Ewing was selected for the 1990 NBA All-Star Game . In the first round of the playoffs , New York defeated the 4th-seeded Boston Celtics three games to two , after overcoming an 0 -- 2 deficit . The Knicks were then eliminated in the conference semifinals by the Detroit Pistons , who later on won their second consecutive NBA title , four games to one over the Portland Trail Blazers . Following the season , Johnny Newman signed as an unrestricted free agent with the Charlotte Hornets .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0be58a585e4507649d469c217ea3e6f", "text": "2002 NBA Finals The 2002 NBA Finals was the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) 's championship series for the 2001 -- 02 season . The best-of-seven playoff was contested between the Western Conference champion Los Angeles Lakers ( who were also two-time defending NBA champions ) , and the Eastern Conference champion New Jersey Nets . The Lakers swept the Nets four games to none to win the franchise 's 14th NBA championship . The 56th edition of the championship series was played between June 5 and June 12 and was broadcast on NBC -- the ( to date ) last NBA games broadcast on the network . Shaquille O'Neal , who averaged 36 points and 12 rebounds in the Finals , was named the NBA Finals Most Valuable Player . Lakers coach Phil Jackson won his ninth ring , tying him with Red Auerbach for most all-time . During the series , he surpassed Pat Riley for most career playoffs wins with 156 . Will Lyman narrated the season-ending documentary for NBA Entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a21ab35d17281feb81f03d046bbf769c", "text": "1963–64 NBA season The 1963 -- 64 NBA season was the 18th season of the National Basketball Association . The season ended with the Boston Celtics winning their 6th straight NBA Championship , beating the San Francisco Warriors 4 games to 1 in the NBA Finals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a9bdb0d54d73e3ced82b49ab59d691c5", "text": "NBA Live 96 NBA Live 96 is the second installment of the NBA Live video games series . The PC and PlayStation covers features Shaquille O'Neal of the Orlando Magic , while the Super Nintendo Entertainment System and Sega Genesis box covers show a photo of the tip-off to Game 1 of the 1995 NBA Finals . The game was published by EA Sports and released on November 30 , 1995 . The PlayStation and PC versions were the first games in the series to feature a 3D rendered court , allowing for multiple camera angles using EA 's `` Virtual Stadium '' technology ( also used by FIFA Soccer 96 ) . The on-court player graphics remained 2D sprites . It was also the first NBA Live game released for the PlayStation . NBA Live 96 is followed by NBA Live 97 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28f635c5dcf85e639ad260fa7b2ae9df", "text": "1990 NBA draft The 1990 NBA draft took place on June 27 , 1990 , in New York City , New York . One of the standouts of this draft is Basketball Hall of Famer Gary Payton . He became a nine-time All-Star , achieved the NBA Defensive Player of the Year award in 1996 , won an NBA Championship with the Miami Heat in 2006 , holds many statistical records during his tenure with the now defunct Seattle SuperSonics , and was inducted in the Hall of Fame in 2013 . The top pick of the draft was Syracuse 's Derrick Coleman who was selected by the New Jersey Nets . In total , 52 of the 54 players selected went on to play at least one competitive game in the NBA , and six players were at some point of their career selected to play in the NBA All-Star Game . One player who had been projected to be a high lottery pick by media outlets and draft analysts was Loyola Marymount 's Hank Gathers , who died of a heart condition in March 1990 during a game .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "baf1685cf375936b74dd82de71f7b776", "text": "1992–93 Atlanta Hawks season The 1992 -- 93 NBA season was the Hawks ' 44th season in the National Basketball Association , and 25th season in Atlanta . Prior to the start of the season , the Hawks acquired point guard Mookie Blaylock from the New Jersey Nets . After losing their season opener at home to the New York Knicks 106 -- 94 , the Hawks would defeat the defending champion Chicago Bulls on the road , 100 -- 99 at the Chicago Stadium on November 7 . However , they got off to a rough start losing five of their first seven games , which led them to a mediocre 12 -- 17 start in early January . With a 26 -- 31 record , they would win 12 of their next 13 games while posting a 12 -- 3 record in March , on their way to finishing fourth in the Central Division with a 43 -- 39 record . Dominique Wilkins surpassed Bob Pettit as the Hawks all-time scoring leader , finishing second in the league in scoring averaging 29.9 points per game . He was named to the All-NBA Second Team and selected for the 1993 NBA All-Star Game . However , in the first round of the playoffs , the Hawks would be swept by the Bulls in three straight games . Following the season , head coach Bob Weiss was fired . For the season , the Hawks changed their uniforms which lasted until 1995 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74523e8eb9fdf9fbeb39cab73cf8d7c4", "text": "Backstage: Lakers Backstage : Lakers is a reality sports documentary television series produced by Spectrum SportsNet which covers the Los Angeles Lakers from an in-depth , behind-the-scenes angle , giving the viewer `` unprecedented access '' to the team . The series has documented the season from inside the locker room , the practice facility , the executive offices , the training room , as well as chronicling the players at home with their families and on the road with their team . A new 30-minute episode debuts every week of the season on Wednesdays at 5:00 PM PST on Spectrum SportsNet . Re-airs can be viewed multiple times throughout the week of the network . A Spanish-language version entitled Lakers Confidencial premieres every Thursday on Spectrum Deportes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "78a278c05995841a45dc5165150ee47b", "text": "1994 NBA Finals The 1994 NBA Finals was the championship round of the 1993 -- 94 National Basketball Association ( NBA ) season , featuring the Western Conference 's Houston Rockets defeating the Eastern Conference 's New York Knicks . This matchup was Hakeem Olajuwon 's second NBA Finals appearance , his other being in 1986 , where Larry Bird and the Boston Celtics defeated the Houston Rockets four games to two . The series was Patrick Ewing 's first NBA Finals appearance . The Rockets came in with strong determination to win not only the franchise 's first NBA championship , but the city 's first championship in a league that still existed , while the Knicks were looking to add a third NBA championship trophy , as the Knicks ' last trophy came from the 1973 NBA Finals . The Knicks also hoped to impress their new owners Viacom , who had just bought Paramount Communications ( formerly Gulf + Western ) , their longtime owners ( after the series however , Viacom sold the Knicks and the rest of the Madison Square Garden properties ) . The series was hailed as a meeting of the two great centers who had previously played for a championship in college . In 1984 while Olajuwon was with the University of Houston and Ewing was with Georgetown University , Georgetown had beaten Houston 84 -- 75 in the 1984 NCAA Championship game . In this series , however , Olajuwon outperformed Ewing , outscoring him in every game of the series and posting numbers of 26.9 ppg on 50.0 % shooting compared to Ewing 's 18.9 ppg on 36.3 % shooting . However , Ewing set an NBA finals record in the series with a total of 30 blocks , and he tied the single-game record of 8 blocks in Game 5 . Tim Duncan would later set the record for most blocks in a Finals series ( 2003 ) with 32 blocks in six games while Dwight Howard would set the record for most blocked shots in a Finals game with 9 blocked shots in Game 4 of the 2009 Finals while with the Orlando Magic . During the series , the Houston Rockets played seven low-scoring , defensive games against the New York Knicks . After splitting the first two games in Houston , the Knicks won two out of three games at Madison Square Garden , which also hosted the Rangers first Stanley Cup celebration in 54 years during the series . In Game 6 , however , Rockets center Hakeem Olajuwon blocked a last-second championship-winning shot attempt by John Starks , giving the Rockets an 86 -- 84 victory and forcing a Game 7 , which made Knicks Coach Pat Riley the first ( and to this date , the only ) coach in a Game 7 NBA Finals on two different teams , having been with the Los Angeles Lakers in and . In addition , the Knicks set a record for most playoff games played in one season , with 25 . The Detroit Pistons tied this record in . The Boston Celtics , coached by Doc Rivers , would surpass it during their championship season of 2008 when they played 26 . The Rockets beat the Knicks in Game 7 , 90 -- 84 , enabling the city of Houston to not only celebrate its first NBA and fifth professional sports championship ( first in an existing league ) , but also deny New York from having both NBA and NHL championships in the same year ( Chicago had suffered this fate in 1992 , with the Bulls winning their second NBA championship and the Blackhawks losing in the Stanley Cup Finals ) . For his efforts Olajuwon was named NBA Finals Most Valuable Player . For the Knicks , Riley had the unfortunate distinction of having become the first ( and to this date , the only ) coach to lose a Game 7 NBA Finals on two different teams , having lost to the Celtics in 1984 . It also denied him the distinction of being the first coach to win a Game 7 NBA Finals with two different teams , having defeated the Detroit Pistons in 1988 . NBC Sports used Ahmad Rashād ( Knicks sideline ) and Hannah Storm ( Rockets sideline ) . Hal Douglas narrated the season-ending documentary Clutch City for NBA Entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d5126025161a7be3dc32cea29282b37", "text": "1990–91 Chicago Blackhawks season The 1990 -- 91 Chicago Blackhawks season was the team 's 65th season . After making the Conference Finals two years in a row , the Blackhawks were hosts for one of the most emotional NHL All-Star Game games in history , and finished with 106 points winning the NHL Presidents ' Trophy for best record in the league . The Hawks received terrific performances from Steve Larmer , Jeremy Roenick , Chris Chelios , Dirk Graham and rookie Ed Belfour . Hockey it seemed was back in Chicago , and dreams of the first Stanley Cup since Hull and Mikita were rampant . However the playoffs matched the Hawks with their old rivals , the Minnesota North Stars , who crushed their dreams with a defeat in the first round of the 1991 Stanley Cup Playoffs - four games to two . 90-91 represented the peak of the Blackhawks between the Hull/Mikita years and the Toews/Kane years , and is probably the best Blackhawks team never to win the Stanley Cup .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "e9d39c09efa96c6f861fecd3bf13492e", "text": "Boyd Holbrook Robert Boyd Holbrook ( born circa 1981 ) is an American actor and fashion model . He has appeared in films such as Milk , Out of the Furnace , Run All Night , A Walk Among the Tombstones , and Gone Girl , and stars as DEA Agent Steve Murphy in the Netflix series Narcos . In 2017 , he portrayed villain Donald Pierce in Logan .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "efb78821e72dbff21178e65de8093555", "text": "Columbia Ranch The former Columbia Ranch is located at 411 N. Hollywood Way in Burbank , California and is now called the Warner Bros. . Ranch . It was the backdrop for many of the Columbia Pictures movies and Screen Gems/Columbia Pictures Television shows , including Father Knows Best , The Donna Reed Show , Dennis the Menace , Hazel , Bewitched , Gidget , I Dream of Jeannie , The Monkees , The Flying Nun , Here Come the Brides , The Partridge Family , The Hathaways , Lost Horizon , High Noon , Mr. Deeds Goes to Town , You Were Never Lovelier , The Wild One , and Autumn Leaves . Only the front facades of the houses and buildings were built ; the interiors were always shot at other locations or studios . The streets were constructed and arranged in such a way as to allow shooting at multiple angles to create the illusion of a much larger area , though the lot only spans across about six city blocks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f6a91be636cd8879a1d65a9d5efc1e62", "text": "Harlan Warde Harlan Warde ( born Harlan Ward Lufkin ; November 6 , 1917 -- March 13 , 1980 ) was a character actor active in television and movies . During World War II , he served in Special Forces . Warde showed up in supporting roles as detectives , doctors , and ministers . Warde made five guest appearances on Perry Mason between 1958-1966 , primarily in law enforcement roles , such as Assistant District Attorney Harold Hanley in `` The Case of the Haunted Husband '' , and Sgt. Roddin in the only color episode in 1966 entitled , `` The Case of the Twice Told Twist '' . From 1958 -- 62 , he joined Chuck Connors in The Rifleman . Warde played John Hamilton , President of the North Fork Bank . He appeared in 18 episodes of The Rifleman , making his debut in episode 8 , `` The Safeguard . '' Over his 40-year-career in Hollywood , Warde appeared in over 180 films and television series , including multiple westerns . In 1962 -- 1971 Warde joined the cast of the TV Western series The Virginian in the recurring role of Sheriff Brannon . Warde also appeared on The Big Valley in 1967 as a politician who is murdered in the episode entitled `` Night Of The Executioner '' and on the The Andy Griffith Show episode `` Opie and the Spoiled Kid '' ( 1963 ) as Simon Winkler . Warde 's last role was in the 1979 Rockford Files episode `` A Different Drummer '' playing an aging father of a shady doctor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e48f4ee2b975a5bdb7a7fd246cb2da20", "text": "Hills of Old Wyoming Hills of Old Wyoming is a 1937 American Western film directed by Nate Watt and written by Maurice Geraghty . The film stars William Boyd , George `` Gabby '' Hayes , Morris Ankrum , Russell Hayden , Gail Sheridan , John Beach and Clara Kimball Young . The film was released on April 16 , 1937 , by Paramount Pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "43072d6605125001a850d907c6edbfb7", "text": "Girls Gone Wild (film) Girls Gone Wild was a 1929 American melodrama film produced and released by Fox Film Corporation . The film was controversial as an early example of the rising tide of violence and disrespect for the law that would become key themes in the 1930s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2bc986913ca5aa509f5f13598d9beecd", "text": "Conrad Hall Conrad Lafcadio Hall , ASC ( June 21 , 1926 -- January 6 , 2003 ) was an American cinematographer from Papeete , Tahiti , French Polynesia . Named after writers Joseph Conrad and Lafcadio Hearn , he was best known for photographing films such as In Cold Blood , Cool Hand Luke , Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid , American Beauty , and Road to Perdition . For his work he garnered a number of awards , including three Academy Awards and BAFTA Awards . In 2003 , Hall was judged to be one of history 's ten most influential cinematographers in a survey of the members of the International Cinematographers Guild . He has been given a star in Hollywood Boulevard 's Walk of Fame .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e29d8e7c09199c3374fe407726d2a676", "text": "Duel at Diablo Duel at Diablo is a 1966 western film starring James Garner in his first Western since leaving Maverick and Sidney Poitier in his first Western . Based on Marvin H. Albert 's 1957 novel Apache Rising , the film was written by Albert and Michael M. Grilikhes and directed by Ralph Nelson who had directed Poitier in Lilies of the Field . The supporting cast includes Bibi Andersson , Bill Travers , Dennis Weaver and John Hoyt ; Ralph Nelson has a cameo as an Army Major . The movie was shot on location amidst striking scenery in Utah ; the musical score was composed by Neal Hefti .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "288abe0f4d83506e28f0f2149949d3e3", "text": "Holly (name) Holly is an English-language surname and given name . Holly is a special name and known as an English or Irish surname ( variant Holley ) it is either locational , ultimately derived an Old English hol lēah '' -LSB- dwelling by -RSB- the clearing by the hollow '' , or descriptive , from hol-ēage `` hollow-eyed '' . In Ireland , it was also used as a translation of the name Mac Cuilinn , which is derived from cuileann , the Gaelic name of the holly tree , and by extension sometimes of the similar-sounding McQuillan surname of Ulster . The masculine names Holly , Hollie were derived from the surname , but have mostly fallen out of use since the mid 20th century due to the rise in popularity of the feminine name . Hollis is an English surname derived from a Middle English holis '' -LSB- dwelling by -RSB- holly trees '' ; it was also used as a masculine given name . Holly ( variant Hollie ) was first used as a feminine given name in the 20th century , as a `` botanical '' name given to girls , in reference to , or at least secondarily associated with , the holly tree . While the feminine name is on record in the United States since the 1930s , its surge in popularity was due to Holly Golightly , the socialite protagonist in Truman Capote 's Breakfast at Tiffany 's ( 1958 ) , which was made into a film starring Audrey Hepburn in 1961 . The name of this character is stated to be short for Holiday ( rather than a reference to the plant ) . The name peaked in popularity in the United States in the 1970s and 1980s , and has declined since , ranking at # 380 in the United States as of 2009 . It was popularly given in England and Wales during the 2000s , staying in the top 30 girls ' names throughout 1996 -- 2012 , with a peak at rank # 12 in 2002 ( and dropping to rank # 33 as of 2013 ) . A tendency to give the name to girls born on or near Christmas has also been observed . More recent eccentric spellings of the feminine name include Holli ( 1970s ) , Holleigh , Hollee , Hollye .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "05133102cc2fd0db8aa29845de3fcf71", "text": "Walking Tall (TV series) Walking Tall is an American television drama series that ran on NBC in 1981 for one season of seven episodes . The first 5 episodes aired Saturday nights at 9:00 p.m. ( opposite the ABC series The Love Boat ) . The last 2 episodes aired Tuesday nights at 10:00 p.m. ( opposite ABC 's Hart to Hart ) . NBC reran all 7 episodes from April -- June 1981 . This one-hour show was a continuation of the 1973 film Walking Tall , which was based on the life of McNairy County Sheriff Buford Pusser . In this series , Pusser is the sheriff of the fictionalized McNeal County , Tennessee , fighting criminals each week in 1969 . Bo Svenson played Pusser , whom he had played before in Walking Tall Part 2 ( 1975 ) and Walking Tall : Final Chapter ( 1977 ) . ( Brian Dennehy played Pusser in A Real American Hero in 1978 on CBS ) . The rest of the cast included : Walter Barnes as Carl Pusser Harold Sylvester as Deputy Aaron Fairfax Courtney Pledger as Deputy Joan Litton Jeff Lester as Deputy Grady Spooner Heather McAdam as Dwanna Pusser Rad Daly as Michael Pusser L.Q. Jones appeared in one segment as John Witter , Pusser 's long-time nemesis . Guest stars included Robert Englund , William Windom , Chuck Connors , Merlin Olsen , Ralph Bellamy , Gail Strickland , James MacArthur , and Art Hindle . The theme song `` Walking Tall '' was sung by Brad Mercer . At the time , Svenson was the highest-paid actor in a television series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e11035993e7a4b267024805d32b8911d", "text": "The Comancheros (film) The Comancheros is a 1961 Western Deluxe CinemaScope color film directed by Michael Curtiz , based on a 1952 novel of the same name by Paul Wellman , and starring John Wayne and Stuart Whitman . The supporting cast includes Ina Balin , Lee Marvin , Nehemiah Persoff , Bruce Cabot , Jack Elam , Patrick Wayne , and Edgar Buchanan . Also featured are western film veterans Bob Steele , Guinn `` Big Boy '' Williams and Harry Carey , Jr. in uncredited supporting roles . When illness prevented Curtiz ( director of Casablanca and The Adventures of Robin Hood ) from finishing the film , Wayne took over as director , though his role remained uncredited . Curtiz died shortly after the film was completed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b2eea8b70b29f20775ecbfa993ef723", "text": "When a Man's a Man When a Man 's a Man is a 1935 American Western film directed by Edward F. Cline and written by Frank Mitchell Dazey and Agnes Christine Johnston . The film stars George O'Brien , Dorothy Wilson , Paul Kelly , Harry Woods , Jimmy Butler and Richard Carlyle . The film was released on February 15 , 1935 , by Fox Film Corporation . Parts of the film were shot in Zion National Park .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40ba4ecaac43844eff1bcd5527906104", "text": "Sunset Boulevard (film) Sunset Boulevard ( stylized onscreen as SUNSET BLVD. ) is a 1950 American film noir directed and co-written by Billy Wilder , and produced and co-written by Charles Brackett . It was named after the boulevard that runs through Los Angeles and Beverly Hills , California . The film stars William Holden as Joe Gillis , an unsuccessful screenwriter , and Gloria Swanson as Norma Desmond , a faded silent film star who draws him into her fantasy world where she dreams of making a triumphant return to the screen , with Erich von Stroheim as Max Von Mayerling , her devoted servant . Nancy Olson , Fred Clark , Lloyd Gough and Jack Webb play supporting roles . Director Cecil B. DeMille and gossip columnist Hedda Hopper play themselves , and the film includes cameo appearances by leading silent film actors Buster Keaton , H. B. Warner and Anna Q. Nilsson . Praised by many critics when first released , Sunset Boulevard was nominated for eleven Academy Awards ( including nominations in all four acting categories ) and won three . Deemed `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' by the U.S. Library of Congress in 1989 , Sunset Boulevard was included in the first group of films selected for preservation in the National Film Registry . In 1998 , it was ranked number twelve on the American Film Institute 's list of the 100 best American films of the 20th century , and in 2007 , it was 16th on their 10th Anniversary list .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c19f2a3e937e66e95ea820686a1dc497", "text": "That Girl Montana That Girl Montana is an extant 1921 American silent western film starring Blanche Sweet and distributed by Pathé Exchange . Jesse D. Hampton produced and Robert Thornby directed . The film is based on a 1901 novel , That Girl Montana , by Marah Ellis Ryan . This is one of Sweet 's few 1920s silent films to survive and is available in the DVD format .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7065d060b46528d2792df88c1f2ec2ec", "text": "Cock o' the Walk Cock o ' the Walk can refer to : Cock o ' the Walk ( 1930 film ) , an American film Cock o ' the Walk ( 1935 film ) , an American film Cock o ' the Walk ( 1953 film ) , a Mexican film", "title": "" }, { "docid": "015e28c8c4dc39858fae3737288827d1", "text": "Not as a Stranger Not as a Stranger is a 1955 Drama film produced and directed by Stanley Kramer based on the 1954 novel of the same name by Morton Thompson . The romantic melodrama novel was widely popular , topping that year 's list of bestselling novels in the United States . The film was Kramer 's directorial debut and featured Olivia de Havilland and Robert Mitchum in the lead roles , backed by a stellar supporting cast including Frank Sinatra , Gloria Grahame , Broderick Crawford , Charles Bickford , Lon Chaney , Jr. , Harry Morgan , and Lee Marvin . The film was released by United Artists . Sinatra had catapulted back into the limelight as the result of a supporting role for a film from a similarly popular novel , From Here to Eternity , two years earlier . Initially a minor box office success , Not as a Stranger is seldom seen today , never receiving widespread distribution on home video . It was first released on DVD in 1992 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "391616e4f6cf00c122ae3ae1d6687379", "text": "The Devil's Playground (1946 film) The Devil 's Playground is a 1946 American Western film directed by George Archainbaud and written by Ted Wilson . The film stars William Boyd , Andy Clyde , Rand Brooks , Elaine Riley and Robert Elliott . The film was released on November 15 , 1946 , by United Artists .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "550222d683405ae5aca417980e62a6cb", "text": "The Country Girl (1954 film) The Country Girl is a 1954 American drama film directed by George Seaton and starring Bing Crosby , Grace Kelly , and William Holden . Adapted by George Seaton from Clifford Odets ' 1950 play of the same name , the film is about an alcoholic has-been actor struggling with the one last chance he 's been given to resurrect his career . Seaton won the Academy Award for Best Writing , Adapted Screenplay . It was entered in the 1955 Cannes Film Festival . Kelly won the Oscar for Best Actress for the role , which previously had earned Uta Hagen her first Tony Award in the play 's original Broadway production . The role , a non-glamorous departure for Kelly , was as the alcoholic actor 's long-suffering wife . The win was a huge surprise , as most critics and people in the press felt that Judy Garland would win for A Star Is Born . NBC even sent a camera crew to Garland 's hospital room , where she was recuperating from the birth of her son , in order to conduct a live interview with her if she won . The win by Kelly instead famously prompted Groucho Marx to send Garland a telegram stating it was `` the biggest robbery since Brinks . '' Given the period of its production , the film is notable for its realistic , frank dialogue and honest treatments of the surreptitious side of alcoholism and post-divorce misogyny .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "899413f78e20417d7f5b7370872c8b88", "text": "Holbrook Blinn Holbrook Blinn ( January 23 , 1872 -- June 24 , 1928 ) was an American stage and film actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e208f8c5b86a30ca38da7d2c771f939", "text": "Gun Smoke (1931 film) Gun Smoke is a 1931 American Western film directed by Edward Sloman and written by Grover Jones and William Slavens McNutt . The film stars Richard Arlen , Mary Brian , William `` Stage '' Boyd , Eugene Pallette , Charles Winninger , Louise Fazenda and Brooks Benedict . The film was released on April 11 , 1931 , by Paramount Pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce1a3f70d390095ff21ce35d488a3d11", "text": "Chinatown (1974 film) Chinatown is a 1974 American neo-noir mystery film , directed by Roman Polanski from a screenplay by Robert Towne , starring Jack Nicholson and Faye Dunaway . The film was inspired by the California Water Wars , a series of disputes over southern California water at the beginning of the 20th century , by which Los Angeles interests secured water rights in the Owens Valley . The Robert Evans production , a Paramount Pictures release , was the director 's last film in the United States and features many elements of film noir , particularly a multi-layered story that is part mystery and part psychological drama . In 1991 , the film was selected by the Library of Congress for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being `` culturally , historically or aesthetically significant '' and it is frequently listed as one of the greatest films of all-time . At the 47th Academy Awards , it was nominated for eleven Oscars , with Towne winning Best Original Screenplay . The Golden Globe Awards honored it for Best Drama , Best Director , Best Actor and Best Screenplay . The American Film Institute placed it second among mystery films in 2008 . A sequel , The Two Jakes , was released in 1990 , again starring Nicholson , who also directed , with Robert Towne returning to write the screenplay . The film failed to generate the acclaim of its predecessor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74c64ec4f582e4f21fbb830cca0706b3", "text": "Walkabout (film) Walkabout is a 1971 film set in the Australian outback , directed by Nicolas Roeg and starring Jenny Agutter , Luc Roeg ( credited as `` Lucien John '' ) and David Gulpilil ( credited as `` David Gumpilil '' ) . Edward Bond wrote the screenplay , which is loosely based on the 1959 novel Walkabout by James Vance Marshall . Walkabout premiered in competition at the 1971 Cannes Film Festival .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "4ee1e2967de879b93acd47a31c4e3090", "text": "David Jones (video game developer) David Scott Jones ( born October 1965 ) is a Scottish games programmer and entrepreneur who founded computer game companies DMA Design in 1987 ( which became Rockstar North in 2002 ) and Realtime Worlds in 2002 . Jones created Lemmings and Grand Theft Auto , which both spawned many successful sequels . He also created the Crackdown franchise for the Xbox 360 and Xbox One consoles , and the open-ended massively multiplayer online game , APB : All Points Bulletin .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "0a6ffbcf6d85e17149884918ff17b424", "text": "The 3DO Company The 3DO Company ( formerly THDO on the NASDAQ stock exchange ) , also known as 3DO , was an American video game company . It was founded in 1991 by Electronic Arts founder Trip Hawkins , in a partnership with seven companies including LG , Matsushita ( now Panasonic ) , AT&T Corporation , MCA , Time Warner , and Electronic Arts itself . After 3DO 's flagship video game console , the 3DO Interactive Multiplayer , failed in the marketplace , the company exited the hardware business and became a third-party video game developer . It went bankrupt in 2003 due to poor sales of its games . Its headquarters were in Redwood City , California in the San Francisco Bay Area .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9234fd1164200cc25582860657536ec8", "text": "International Games System International Games System ( IGS ; ) is a company based in Taiwan which develops video game software for arcade cabinets and home computers . It was founded in 1989 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eaae1e701c147de343115c1c88cbf2f6", "text": "Indiana Jones in the Lost Kingdom Indiana Jones in the Lost Kingdom is a puzzle video game developed by Michael J. Hanson and published by Mindscape for the Commodore 64 . The game is based on the Indiana Jones series , and was released in North America around January 1985 , while a U.K. version was released in March 1985 . Gameplay requires the player to think like fictional archaeologist Indiana Jones to solve the puzzles of each level , as the game does not provide the player with any rules or gameplay information ; the game 's cover advertised , `` Nobody told Indiana Jones the rules . And no one will tell you . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fda834e11e674511e38eefb6d130099c", "text": "Big Huge Games Big Huge Games is a video game developer located in Timonium , Maryland . The company was founded in February 2000 by four veteran game industry developers : Tim Train , David Inscore , Jason Coleman and Brian Reynolds ( lead designer of Alpha Centauri , et al. ) . Their first game , Rise of Nations , was a critical and commercial hit . The original studio became defunct in May 2012 , but the name `` Big Huge Games '' was later reacquired by Reynolds and Train for their new venture ( previously known as SecretNewCo ) . The revived studio released the mobile game DomiNations on Android and iOS in April 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "962c9b88e49c08992949f061b5e86e3d", "text": "Cloud Imperium Games Cloud Imperium Games Corporation is an American video game company , founded in 2010 by Chris Roberts and Ortwin Freyermuth , with offices in Los Angeles , California , Austin , Texas , Manchester , Derby and Frankfurt .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56d25c1c822c46e3633200eed6402f62", "text": "Revolution Software Revolution Software Ltd is a British video game developer , based in York , United Kingdom . The company was founded in 1990 by Charles Cecil , Tony Warriner , David Sykes and Noirin Carmody . Until 6 December 1990 , the company was named Turnvale Limited after the location in their first game Lure of the Temptress . The company 's speciality would be for writing adventure games , including Beneath a Steel Sky , and the Broken Sword series which have sold over 4 million copies worldwide and have earned # 100 million . The company was started with a view to creating Lure of the Temptress -- which incorporated the Virtual Theatre Engine . This virtual engine was subsequently used to develop the first two games in the Broken Sword series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4342315377fe41fca65e8d4a29ab68f5", "text": "Ritual Entertainment Ritual Entertainment was a video game developer established in 1996 by Robert Atkins , Mark Dochtermann , Jim Dosé , Richard ` Levelord ' Gray , Michael Hadwin , Harry Miller , and Tom Mustaine . Based in Dallas , Texas , Ritual Entertainment was formerly known as Hipnotic Interactive , during which period they began development of their signature video game SiN . Members of the Ritual Entertainment development team have contributed game assets to other titles such as American McGee 's Alice , Medal of Honor : Airborne , Tomb Raider : Legend , and 25 to Life , and are also the creators of '' Übertools '' for id Tech 3 , which has been licensed for a number of other games . On January 24 , 2007 , developer MumboJumbo announced the acquisition of Ritual Entertainment . With this acquisition , Ritual 's focus on traditional action-oriented games was changed to casual games , essentially `` stalling '' Ritual 's latest game series , SiN Episodes , after releasing only one episode out of a planned nine . The purchase followed months of departures of several key employees including chief executive officer Steve Nix who became director of business development at id Software , vice president and co-founder Tom Mustaine who left to found Escalation Studios . Several months after the acquisition , community relations manager Steve Hessel left the company to join Splash Damage . Prior to the announcement , on December 6 , 2006 , Ritual announced the appointment of Ken Harward as the company 's new studio director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "478d5bcc1c0d29a3a747eb1d31f4babc", "text": "Chair Entertainment Chair Entertainment Group , LLC ( commonly referred to as Chair Entertainment , stylized as ChAIR ) is an American video game developer based in Salt Lake City , Utah .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3709fd9a2c3a4281515dbf1b456c63cf", "text": "David Production is a Japanese animation studio known for the anime television series adaptation for the long-running manga series JoJo 's Bizarre Adventure . The company was founded by former Gonzo president and producer Kōji Kajita and fellow producer Taito Okiura in September 2007 upon having left Gonzo . The company 's first work was as an animation subcontractor , but in 2009 David Production undertook their first full animation production as a primary contractor with Ristorante Paradiso . Fuji Television acquired the studio on August 1 , 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "842e4f30bd7280fb83a82d8eb32694c6", "text": "Valcon Games Valcon Games is a developer and publisher of video games based in Bellevue , Washington , United States . The company was founded in 2005 by Colin Gordon and Glen Halseth , both former members of Kemco . Valcon publishes games that are overlooked for the US market and also localizes games from other territories . They have not released any new products since 2011 and their web site current redirects to Google . It is possible the company is no longer in operation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fdc4498aaaa40c8ecde686cf99cfe22b", "text": "David Jones (programmer) David Jones is a former freelance computer game programmer who was prolific in the mid-to-late 1980s . He is best known for the creation of the cult computer game character Magic Knight in his 1985 game Finders Keepers for the Mastertronic budget label and released on the ZX Spectrum , Amstrad CPC , MSX and Commodore 64 . Finders Keepers spawned three cult sequels : Spellbound ( 1985 ) , Knight Tyme ( 1986 ) and Stormbringer ( 1987 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "00580fb664d3dcad79535d0d8e73692d", "text": "Game (retailer) Game Digital plc is the parent company of Game Retail Limited , a British video game company that trades under the Game brand , stylised as GAME . The company 's origins lie in the founding of the Rhino Group by Terry Norris and Bev Ripley in 1991 . A number of mergers and acquisitions followed during the 1990s , and in 1999 , the company was purchased by Electronics Boutique Limited , which rebranded itself as The Game Group . The company continued to expand during the 2000s , purchasing several retailers including Gameswizards in Australia . In March 2012 , several suppliers , including Nintendo , Electronic Arts and Capcom refused to supply their latest products due to concerns over Game 's creditworthiness . Game subsequently entered administration on 26 March 2012 , and was purchased by OpCapita the following week . Baker Acquisitions was subsequently renamed Game Retail Ltd. . The company operated in the United Kingdom under the Game and Gamestation brands from the acquisition of the latter in May 2007 until late-2012 , when it was announced that the business would focus solely on the Game brand .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ba2756bffa6bc8c10eb1c6e55079ce4", "text": "Hexage Hexage is a video game developer , based in the Czech Republic but registered in the United Kingdom . The company has produced multiple titles for mobile devices . A few of studio 's games have surpassed a million downloads . The most successful title is Reaper : Tale of a Pale Swordsman . The company was founded in 2009 . It originally focused on mobile devices but in 2013 the company released its games for Windows . Reaper : Tale of a Pale Swordsman even became available on Steam as it succeeded on Steam Greenlight . The company also tried to release Radiant Defense on Steam before , and it got released as well . Even though the company is based in the Czech Republic , it built an image of British company , since in 2009 it was impossible to release video games from the Czech Republic on Google Play . The company develops its games with its own devices . The soundtracks for all the games are by Kubatko", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5ac8606ca4eb57640a1cbcd465c6a3c", "text": "Silicon Studio Silicon Studio is a Japanese computer graphics technology company and video game developer based in Tokyo . As a technology company , Silicon Studio has produced several products in the 3D computer graphics field , including middleware software , such as a post-processing visual effects library called YEBIS , as well as general real-time graphics engines and game development engines , such as OROCHI and Mizuchi , a physically based rendering engine . As a video game developer , Silicon Studio has worked on different titles for several gaming platforms , most notably , the action-adventure game 3D Dot Game Heroes on the PlayStation 3 , the role-playing video game Bravely Default on the Nintendo 3DS , and Fantasica on the iOS and Android mobile platforms .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eabc0fdd70071efa1733f4f5b71e2763", "text": "Bruce Davis (video game industry) Bruce L. Davis ( born 1952 ) is an American businessman , currently CEO and chairman of Digimarc . Formerly the head of both Imagic and Activision , he is known for his role in the development of the video game industry . A native of New York , Davis earned a B.S. in accounting and psychology and an M.A. in criminal justice from University at Albany , SUNY , and a law degree from Columbia University . He began his professional career by establishing the intellectual property practice at the firm of Orrick , Herrington & Sutcliffe in San Francisco , California . He assumed leadership of Imagic as it was going out of business in the North American video game crash of 1983 . From 1987 to 1991 , Davis was first chief operating officer , then chairman and CEO of Activision . The board of directors promoted him from senior vice president to replace Jim Levy shortly after the acquisition of Infocom , in the hopes of stemming the continuing financial damage from the crash . He had opposed the merger , and many Infocom employees believed he was deliberately working against them , changing processes that had made the game business successful . Activision co-founder and programmer David Crane was also critical of Davis : `` Bruce Davis ' biggest mistake was treating video games as commodities , rather than creative products . '' Nevertheless , Davis 's leadership of Activision began well . He led the company to a profit in his first year at the helm on strong sales growth , following 16 consecutive quarters of multimillion-dollar losses . The turnaround effort was stymied after a huge damages award for infringement of Magnavox 's original home video game patents was upheld on appeal in 1988 . That year Activision changed its name to Mediagenic , as Davis sought to expand the company 's product lines to non-gaming software . In February 1991 , Robert Kotick , backed by Steve Wynn of Mirage Resorts , staged a successful hostile takeover . Kotick and his team then filed a Chapter 11 bankruptcy in cooperation with Magnavox parent company Philips in a leveraged recapitalization of Activision , as it was renamed in 1992 . Kotick replaced Davis in this restructuring . Starting in 1992 , Davis founded and served as president of TV Guide on Screen , a joint venture of News Corporation and TCI that supplied electronic guides and navigational software for the cable television market . The company later merged with Prevue Networks , then with TV Guide . TV Guide later merged with Gemstar International . The resulting Gemstar-TV Guide International was acquired in 2008 by Macrovision . Davis is chairman and CEO of Digimarc . He led Digimarc from start up in 1997 to a more than US$ 100 million public company supplying digital watermarking technologies to national and state governments and to the media industry . He has been chairman of the board since 2002 . A prolific inventor , Davis has been awarded more than 50 patents on television user interface improvements and other innovations in media management and security . In 2003 , Mr. Davis was named Ernst & Young 's Pacific Northwest Entrepreneur Of The Year for the technology category .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f4cf10d869c146320b858d46f3e7d966", "text": "TimeGate Studios TimeGate Studios was an American video game developer based in Sugar Land , Texas . The company , which was founded in 1998 , released eight titles before closing in 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2526e691fa0bbcc84d9e87571285731f", "text": "Oxygen Studios Oxygen Studios was a video game development studio set up by Oxygen Games in 2007 . The studio 's primary focus is on producing mainstream titles on Wii and Nintendo DS . It also collaborates with third parties to bring their titles to PlayStation 2 and PC . In June 2008 , Oxygen Studios were nominated for the Develop Industry Excellence Awards 2008 in the category of Best New UK/European Studio alongside FinBlade , Konami Paris , Rockstar London and Doublesix . In January 2009 , it was announced that the studio had been put up for sale by its parent company , Oxygen Games , as they looked to move back to an external development business model .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "268d687158643160696e0174a00a0794", "text": "MercurySteam MercurySteam Entertainment , S.L. is a game developer based in San Sebastián de los Reyes , Spain . The company makes titles for the major platforms , including PC , Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 . The company was founded by former members of Rebel Act Studios , who previously developed Severance : Blade of Darkness in 2001 . Dave Cox is a producer at Konami who has helped out MercurySteam during the Castlevania : Lords of Shadow trilogy . In 2015 , Nintendo Life reported that MercurySteam had worked on a Metroid prototype for Wii U and 3DS , that was later turned down and possibly retrofitted into a different project .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "50b22b07c25c1f4ca5b396a5e9228f30", "text": "Firaxis Games Firaxis Games , Inc. is an American video game developer founded in 1996 by Sid Meier , Jeff Briggs , and Brian Reynolds upon leaving MicroProse . Now a wholly owned subsidiary of Take-Two Interactive , the company is best known for its Civilization series of games , though it has had notable success with other titles as well . Firaxis is based in Sparks , Maryland ; Sid Meier continues to lead creative efforts there . The focus of the company has been on strategy and simulation games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8bc278153a6681177bb661602b8f840", "text": "WorkJam WorkJam Co. , Ltd. ( 株式会社ワークジャム Work Jam Co. , Ltd. ) is a Japanese video game and software development company . The company 's social game business was purchased by CommSeed and Cykan Holdings . Its main headquarters was located in Chiyoda , Tokyo .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "ed84b2b68655eaec345ff9c5f82335d0", "text": "Huntington's disease Huntington 's disease ( HD ) , also known as Huntington 's chorea , is an inherited disorder that results in death of brain cells . The earliest symptoms are often subtle problems with mood or mental abilities . A general lack of coordination and an unsteady gait often follow . As the disease advances , uncoordinated , jerky body movements become more apparent . Physical abilities gradually worsen until coordinated movement becomes difficult and the person is unable to talk . Mental abilities generally decline into dementia . The specific symptoms vary somewhat between people . Symptoms usually begin between 30 and 50 years of age , but can start at any age . The disease may develop earlier in life in each successive generation . About 8 % of cases start before the age of 20 years and typically present with symptoms more similar to Parkinson 's disease . People with HD often underestimate the degree of their problems . HD is typically inherited from a person 's parents , with 10 % of cases due to a new mutation . The disease is caused by an autosomal dominant mutation in either of an individual 's two copies of a gene called Huntingtin . This means a child of an affected person typically has a 50 % chance of inheriting the disease . The Huntingtin gene provides the genetic information for a protein that is also called `` huntingtin '' . Expansion of CAG ( cytosine-adenine-guanine ) triplet repeats in the gene coding for the Huntingtin protein results in an abnormal protein , which gradually damages cells in the brain , through mechanisms that are not fully understood . Diagnosis is by genetic testing , which can be carried out at any time , regardless of whether or not symptoms are present . This fact raises several ethical debates : the age at which an individual is considered mature enough to choose testing ; whether parents have the right to have their children tested ; and managing confidentiality and disclosure of test results . There is no cure for HD . Full-time care is required in the later stages of the disease . Treatments can relieve some symptoms and in some improve quality of life . The best evidence for treatment of the movement problems is with tetrabenazine . HD affects about 4 to 15 in 100,000 people of European descent . It is rare among Japanese , while the occurrence rate in Africa is unknown . The disease affects men and women equally . Complications such as pneumonia , heart disease , and physical injury from falls reduce life expectancy . Suicide is the cause of death in about 9 % of cases . Death typically occurs fifteen to twenty years from when the disease was first detected . The first likely description of the disease was in 1841 by Charles Oscar Waters . The condition was described in further detail in 1872 by George Huntington , after whom it is named . The genetic basis was discovered in 1993 by an international collaborative effort led by the Hereditary Disease Foundation . Research and support organizations began forming in the late 1960s to increase public awareness , to provide support for individuals and their families , and to promote research . Current research directions include determining the exact mechanism of the disease , improving animal models to aid with research , testing of medications to treat symptoms or slow the progression of the disease , and studying procedures such as stem cell therapy with the goal of repairing damage caused by the disease .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "a8b54cfd6ab69f2fd509a8281ab05254", "text": "Parkinson's disease Parkinson 's disease ( PD ) is a long-term degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that mainly affects the motor system . The symptoms generally come on slowly over time . Early in the disease , the most obvious are shaking , rigidity , slowness of movement , and difficulty with walking . Thinking and behavioral problems may also occur . Dementia becomes common in the advanced stages of the disease . Depression and anxiety are also common occurring in more than a third of people with PD . Other symptoms include sensory , sleep , and emotional problems . The main motor symptoms are collectively called `` parkinsonism '' , or a `` parkinsonian syndrome '' . The cause of Parkinson 's disease is generally unknown , but believed to involve both genetic and environmental factors . Those with a family member affected are more likely to get the disease themselves . There is also an increased risk in people exposed to certain pesticides and among those who have had prior head injuries while there is a reduced risk in tobacco smokers and those who drink coffee or tea . The motor symptoms of the disease result from the death of cells in the substantia nigra , a region of the midbrain . This results in not enough dopamine in these areas . The reason for this cell death is poorly understood , but involves the build-up of proteins into Lewy bodies in the neurons . Diagnosis of typical cases is mainly based on symptoms , with tests such as neuroimaging being used to rule out other diseases . There is no cure for Parkinson 's disease . Initial treatment is typically with the antiparkinson medication L-DOPA ( levodopa ) , with dopamine agonists being used once levodopa becomes less effective . As the disease progresses and neurons continue to be lost , these medications become less effective while at the same time they produce a complication marked by involuntary writhing movements . Diet and some forms of rehabilitation have shown some effectiveness at improving symptoms . Surgery to place microelectrodes for deep brain stimulation has been used to reduce motor symptoms in severe cases where drugs are ineffective . Evidence for treatments for the non-movement-related symptoms of PD , such as sleep disturbances and emotional problems , is less strong . In 2015 , PD affected 6.2 million people and resulted in about 117,400 deaths globally . Parkinson 's disease typically occurs in people over the age of 60 , of which about one percent are affected . Males are more often affected than females . When it is seen in people before the age of 50 , it is called young-onset PD . The average life expectancy following diagnosis is between 7 and 14 years . The disease is named after the English doctor James Parkinson , who published the first detailed description in An Essay on the Shaking Palsy , in 1817 . Public awareness campaigns include World Parkinson 's Day ( on the birthday of James Parkinson , 11 April ) and the use of a red tulip as the symbol of the disease . People with parkinsonism who have increased the public 's awareness of the condition include actor Michael J. Fox , Olympic cyclist Davis Phinney , and late professional boxer Muhammad Ali .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "26e5a800c277d01bfe47258f2004a658", "text": "Deutetrabenazine Deutetrabenazine ( trade name Austedo ) is a pharmaceutical drug for the treatment of chorea associated with Huntington 's disease . Chemically , deutetrabenazine is an analog of tetrabenazine in which six hydrogen atoms have been replaced by deuterium atoms . The incorporation of deuterium slows the rate of drug metabolism , allowing less frequent dosing . In May , 2017 , published data showed deutetrabenazine effective in tardive dyskinesia . <ref> Deutetrabenazine effective in T.D. Retrieved May 28 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6bb7e0b297ea5402ffab692f4b6645ef", "text": "Mahlon DeLong Mahlon R. DeLong is an American neurologist and professor at the Medical School of Emory University . His research has advanced the understanding and treatment of Parkinson 's disease , dystonia , tremor and other neurological movement disorders . DeLong attended Stanford University ( AB 1962 ) , Harvard Medical School ( MD 1966 ) , completed his internship at Boston City Hospital and his residency training at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore , and subsequently joined the faculty of Johns Hopkins University . Since 1990 , he has been a member of the faculty at Emory University , where he has been the William Patterson Timmie Professor of Neurology since 1993 . He is a member of the Dana Alliance for Brain Initiative . In 1968 , DeLong began five years of research training in the laboratory of Edward Evarts at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda , Maryland . In 1971 , he and Russell T. Richardson did experiments with monkeys to find out first groups of neurons ( nucleus basalis ) , which are involved in the pathogenesis conditioned learning and they revealed the role played by the neurotransmitter acetylcholine . At the NIH , DeLong recorded the reactions of single brain cells in a part of the brain called the basal ganglia . At that time , it was known that the basal ganglia were involved in movement , and were the part of the brain most significantly affected in Parkinson 's disease . However , little was known about how the basal ganglia affected movement , or how disease of the basal ganglia caused the movement disorders seen in Parkinson 's disease . In meticulous experiments over several years , DeLong measured the firing of specific cells in the basal ganglia of awake monkeys when they performed specific trained movements . Based on this work , and the work of others , DeLong and his colleagues identified a series of separate circuits that connect the basal ganglia with the cerebral cortex and thalamus . These circuits allow parallel processing of emotions , thoughts , and movement . In the 1980s , DeLong and his colleagues began to study monkeys with an experimentally-induced disease much like Parkinson 's disease . He discovered that neurons in a part of the basal ganglia called the subthalamic nucleus were firing excessively , and that destroying ( ablating ) the subthalamic nucleus greatly improved the symptoms . Shortly thereafter , neurosurgeon Alim-Louis Benabid discovered that the same improvement could be achieved by placing a wire into the subthalamic nucleus , connecting it to a battery and delivering an adjustable high-frequency stimulation to the tip of the wire -- a technique called deep brain stimulation . Today , this technique is used to improve symptoms and the quality of life in patients with Parkinson 's disease who are not responding adequately to pharmacologic treatment . Ablation or deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus has transformed the lives of many people with Parkinson 's disease . For his work in understanding the circuits connecting the basal ganglia to other parts of the brain , and in applying that knowledge to develop a technique that has eased the suffering of many people with Parkinson 's disease , DeLong was honored in 2014 with the Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences . The same accomplishments were recognized by his receipt ( with Benabid ) of the 2014 Lasker-DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57740e44220f7900dd1d8e8d299fefb1", "text": "Neurophysiology Neurophysiology ( from Greek νεῦρον , neuron , `` nerve '' ; φύσις , physis , `` nature , origin '' ; and - λογία , - logia , `` knowledge '' ) is a branch of physiology and neuroscience that is concerned with the study of the functioning of the nervous system . The primary tools of basic neurophysiological research include electrophysiological recordings , such as patch clamp , voltage clamp , extracellular single-unit recording and recording of local field potentials , as well as some of the methods of calcium imaging , optogenetics , and molecular biology . Neurophysiology is related to electrophysiology , neurobiology , psychology , neurology , clinical neurophysiology , neuroanatomy , cognitive science , biophysics , mathematical biology , and other sciences concerning the brain .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "751e38d87bd95059309a49f56fa26d5d", "text": "Bangur Institute of Neurosciences Bangur Institute of Neurosciences , Name according to IPGMER website also known as the Bangur Institute of Neurology and abbreviated BIN , is a government-run apex superspeciality institute/hospital located at 52/1A , Sambhu Nath Pandit Street , Bhawanipur , Kolkata , West Bengal . The institute is adjacent and functionally attached to IPGMER and SSKM Hospital . The institute is affiliated to The West Bengal University of Health Science . This is a major government-sponsored neurological institute and a premier training center in the field of neurosciences of West Bengal , and patients are regularly referred here from various hospitals of West Bengal and adjoining states . This hospital 's research activities include studies into strokes , cognitive neuroscience , movement disorders , epilepsy , neuromuscular ( myasthenia ) , developmental disorders of the brain , Wilson 's disease , electrophysiology , botulinium toxin , and neurogenetics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b6444d9af23f20c300c0886e1039dd6e", "text": "Psychiatric epidemiology Psychiatric epidemiology is a field which studies the causes ( etiology ) of mental disorders in society , as well as conceptualization and prevalence of mental illness . It is a subfield of the more general epidemiology . It has roots in sociological studies of the early 20th century . However , while sociological exposures are still widely studied in psychiatric epidemiology , the field has since expanded to the study of a wide area of environmental risk factors , such as major life events , as well as genetic exposures . Increasingly neuroscientific techniques like MRI are used to explore the mechanisms behind how exposures to risk factors may impact psychological problems and explore the neuroanatomical substrate underlying psychiatric disorders .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3029f4839c9e800da6d772edb48ad31b", "text": "Amen Clinics Amen Clinics is a group of mental and physical health clinics that work on the treatment of mood and behavior disorders . It was founded in 1989 by Daniel G. Amen , MD. a self-help guru and psychiatrist . The clinics perform clinical evaluations and brain SPECT ( single photon emission computed tomography ) imaging to diagnose and treat their patients . Amen Clinics uses SPECT scans , a type of brain-imaging technology , to measure neural activity through blood flow . It has a database of more than 100,000 functional brain scans from patients in 111 countries . Amen Clinics has locations in Newport Beach , California ; San Francisco , California ; Atlanta , Georgia ; Reston , Virginia ; Bellevue , Washington ; and New York City . The American Psychiatric Association have criticized the clinical appropriateness of Amen 's use of brain scans , stating , `` the clinical utility of neuroimaging techniques for planning of individualized treatment has not yet been shown . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eecf6f067fc32a320af0ff8722bddb2a", "text": "Health psychology Health psychology is the study of psychological and behavioral processes in health , illness , and healthcare . It is concerned with understanding how psychological , behavioral , and cultural factors contribute to physical health and illness . Psychological factors can affect health directly . For example , chronically occurring environmental stressors affecting the hypothalamic -- pituitary -- adrenal axis , cumulatively , can harm health . Behavioral factors can also affect a person 's health . For example , certain behaviors can , over time , harm ( smoking , excessive alcohol consumption ) or enhance health ( exercise , diet low in saturated fat ) . Health psychologists take a biopsychosocial approach . In other words , health psychologists understand health to be the product not only of biological processes ( e.g. , a virus , tumor , etc. ) but also of psychological ( e.g. , thoughts and beliefs ) , behavioral ( e.g. , habits ) , and social processes ( e.g. , socioeconomic status and ethnicity ) . By understanding psychological factors that influence health , and constructively applying that knowledge , health psychologists can improve health by working directly with individual patients or indirectly in large-scale public health programs . In addition , health psychologists can help train other healthcare professionals ( e.g. , physicians and nurses ) to take advantage of the knowledge the discipline has generated , when treating patients . Health psychologists work in a variety of settings : alongside other medical professionals in hospitals and clinics , in public health departments working on large-scale behavior change and health promotion programs , and in universities and medical schools where they teach and conduct research . Although its early beginnings can be traced to the field of clinical psychology , four different divisions within health psychology and one related field , occupational health psychology ( OHP ) , have developed over time . The four divisions include clinical health psychology , public health psychology , community health psychology , and critical health psychology . Professional organizations for the field of health psychology include Division 38 of the American Psychological Association ( APA ) , the Division of Health Psychology of the British Psychological Society ( BPS ) , and the European Health Psychology Society . Advanced credentialing in the US as a clinical health psychologist is provided through the American Board of Professional Psychology .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac3dd308821838d8bc23a8e333e0bf5d", "text": "Aleksei Kozhevnikov Aleksei Yakovlevich Kozhevnikov ( 5 March 1836 - 23 October 1902 ) was a Russian neurologist and psychiatrist who was a native of Ryazan . From 1853 until 1858 he studied medicine at the University of Moscow , and furthered his education in Germany , Switzerland , England and France . At Jean Martin Charcot 's laboratory in Paris he made important pathological correlations in the study of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( ALS ) . In 1869 he returned to Moscow , where he worked at the Novo-Ekaterininskii Hospital , and gave classes in neurologic and psychiatric diseases . From 1870 to 1884 he was in charge of the clinic for neurologic diseases , becoming professor extraordinarius in 1873 . In 1880 Kozhevnikov attained the chair of special pathology and therapy at the University of Moscow , and in 1886 founded the university clinic of psychiatry . In 1890 he founded the Moscow Society of Neuropathologists and Psychiatrists . Kozhevnikov was a pioneer of Russian psychiatry , and was an advocate for humane treatment of the mentally insane . His name is lent to the eponymous `` Kozhevnikov 's epilepsy '' , also known as epilepsia continua , which is an epilepsy characterized by almost continuous , rhythmic muscular contractions that affect a limited portion of the body . He provided a comprehensive description of progressive familial spastic diplegia , and made contributions in the neuropathological study of nuclear ophthalmoplegia and asthenic bulbar paralysis . Among his students and assistants were Sergei Korsakoff ( 1853-1900 ) , Grigory Ivanovich Rossolimo ( 1860-1928 ) , Liverij Osipovich Darkshevich ( 1858-1925 ) , Vladimir Karlovich Roth ( 1848-1916 ) and Lazar Salomonovich Minor ( 1855-1942 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "48c94b685bce2d17425f3f5152a38e71", "text": "Microinfarct A microinfarct is a microscopic stroke less than 1 millimeter in size . Microinfarcts can be found in 25-50 % of all elderly deceased persons . Microinfarcts may be the second most important cause of dementia , after Alzheimer 's disease . Microinfarcts are microscopic lesions , of cellular death or tissue necrosis , which are a result of pathologies involving small vessels . Such pathologies are arteriosclerosis or cerebral amyloid angiopathy . Microinfarcts take longer to affect neuronal death progress , at up to 28 days , rather than hours . Microinfarcts can range in size from 0.2 to 2.9 mm . This ailment usually goes undetected in clinical-radiological , like structural MRI , studies and is known as a `` silent pathology '' . Depending on the size , large acute microinfarcts may be detected via a special imaging known as diffusion weighted imaging . Microinfarcts tend to occur at a high frequency , without specific regionalized locations . They are common in aging brains . This high frequency is thought to directly disrupt cognitive networks that are imperative to brain operation . Even though microinfarcts are usually undetectable , there is a general assessment of the cognitive status measured on a scale called the Clinical Dementia Rating ( CDR ) . This scale measures different parts of the brain such as diffuse white matter , periventricular myelination and cortical microinfarcts . Assessments of cortical microinfarcts have had the highest rates with being associated with cognitive degeneration . This lower cognition specifically affects perceptual speed and memory ( semantic and episodic ) . People with high frequency of this ailment tend to have greater chances of developing dementia . Although not many studies have been conducted and little is known between microinfarcts and other vascular or epidemiological risk factors , these brain lesions are thought to be masked by other pathologies . However , the common macroscopic infarct is not exhibited in 45 % of people tested for microinfarcts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d20838af0f771578a74b85ae6463165", "text": "Neurocognitive Neurocognitive functions are cognitive functions closely linked to the function of particular areas , neural pathways , or cortical networks in the brain substrate layers of neurological matrix at the cellular molecular level . Therefore , their understanding is closely linked to the practice of neuropsychology and cognitive neuroscience , two disciplines that broadly seek to understand how the structure and function of the brain relates to perception defragmentation of concepts , memory embed , association and recall both in the thought process and behaviour . A neurocognitive deficit is a reduction or impairment of cognitive function in one of these areas , but particularly when physical changes can be seen to have occurred in the brain , such as after neurological illness , mental illness , drug use , or brain injury . A clinical neuropsychologist may specialise in using neuropsychological tests to detect and understand such deficits , and may be involved in the rehabilitation of an affected person . The discipline that studies neurocognitive deficits to infer normal psychological function is called cognitive neuropsychology .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7e49121d86f89cc9a7187ffbb28cb30d", "text": "Psychiatrist A psychiatrist is a physician who specializes in psychiatry , the branch of medicine devoted to the diagnosis , prevention , study , and treatment of mental disorders . Psychiatrists are medical doctors , unlike psychologists , and must evaluate patients to determine whether their symptoms are the result of a physical illness , a combination of physical and mental ailments , or strictly psychiatric . As part of the clinical assessment process , psychiatrists may employ a mental status examination ; a physical examination ; brain imaging such as a computerized tomography ( CT ) , magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI ) , or positron emission tomography ( PET ) scan ; and blood testing . Psychiatrists prescribe medicine , and may also use psychotherapy , although the vast majority do medical management and refer to a psychologist or other specialized therapist for weekly to bi-monthly psychotherapy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a20ef9f45656025fa44df8d2cdd2fd16", "text": "Huntington's Disease Association The Huntington 's Disease Association ( HDA ) is a charity that supports people in England and Wales affected by the genetic neurodegenerative brain condition Huntington 's disease ( HD ) . The HDA was founded in 1986 and is based in Liverpool . It supports a network of regional care advisors who offer care and support to people with and at risk of Huntington 's disease and their families . The HDA also has a research programme that supports scientific and social research into HD . It has worked to establish and support a network of multidisciplinary clinics for HD patients in the UK . The charity was instrumental in the 2010 launch of an All-Party Parliamentary Group for Huntington 's disease in the UK Parliament , chaired by Lord Walton of Detchant , and 2010 research revealing that the prevalence of HD is much higher than previously thought . The HDA won the 2005 UK Charity Award for healthcare and medical research and the 2005 National Health Service ( NHS ) Health and Social Care Award for long term conditions . The HDA 's patrons are Patricia , Countess of Harewood , singer Tony Hadley and entertainer Shane Richie . The HDA is part of the UK HD Alliance , along with the Scottish Huntington 's Association and HD Association Northern Ireland . It is also a member of the International Huntington Alliance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bd6d07046dcda5f1b5fcc83441566dc3", "text": "Neurodegeneration Neurodegeneration is the progressive loss of structure or function of neurons , including death of neurons . Many neurodegenerative diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis , Parkinson 's , Alzheimer 's , and Huntington 's occur as a result of neurodegenerative processes . Such diseases are incurable , resulting in progressive degeneration and/or death of neuron cells . As research progresses , many similarities appear that relate these diseases to one another on a sub-cellular level . Discovering these similarities offers hope for therapeutic advances that could ameliorate many diseases simultaneously . There are many parallels between different neurodegenerative disorders including atypical protein assemblies as well as induced cell death . Neurodegeneration can be found in many different levels of neuronal circuitry ranging from molecular to systemic .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18026fc25f87c42b3a0322494747fb2a", "text": "Biologist A biologist , is a scientist who has specialized knowledge in the field of biology , the scientific study of life . Biologists involved in fundamental research attempt to explore and further explain the underlying mechanisms that govern the functioning of living matter . Biologists involved in applied research attempt to develop or improve more specific processes and understanding , in fields such as medicine , industry and agriculture . While `` biologist '' can apply to any scientist studying biology , most biologists research and specialise in specific fields . In this way , biologists investigate large-scale organism interactions ( ecology ) , whole multicellular organisms , organs , tissues , cells , and small-scale cellular and molecular processes . Other biologists study less direct aspects of life , such as phylogeny and evolution . Biologists conduct research based on the scientific method , to test the validity of a theory , with hypothesis formation , experimentation and documentation of methods and data . There are many types of biologists . Some work on microorganisms , while others study multicellular organisms . There is much overlap between different fields of biology such as botany , zoology , microbiology , genetics and evolutionary biology , and it is often difficult to classify a biologist as only one of them . Many jobs in biology as a field require an academic degree . A doctorate or its equivalent is generally required to direct independent research , and involves a specialization in a specific area of biology . Many biological scientists work in research and development . Some conduct fundamental research to advance our knowledge of living organisms , including bacteria and other pathogens . This research enhances understanding and adds to the scientific database of literature . Furthermore , it often aids the development of solutions to problems in areas such as human health and the natural environment . These biological scientists mostly work in government , university , and private industry laboratories . Many expand on specialized research that they started in post-graduate qualifications , such as a doctorate .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f91ef7abd891ba602c53d6b00199042c", "text": "Huntington's disease in popular culture Huntington 's disease has been shown in numerous formats , more so as awareness of the condition has increased . Here is a list of references to it in popular culture ;", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2d428c3869c459ea70357e3e04b180db", "text": "Inverse Warburg effect The term inverse Warburg effect was introduced by Lloyd Demetrius and colleagues ( 1,2 ) to describe the metabolic reprogramming observed in cortical regions of the brain during the prodromal phase of Alzheimer 's disease ( 3,4 ) and Parkinson 's disease ( 5,6 ) . This reprogramming refers to the up regulation of oxidative phosphorylation ( OxPhos ) in mitochondria of certain neurons -- a process which induces a hypermetabolic state in these neurons in an age dependent manner . The aging process is driven , in part , by an increase in molecular disorder and a concomitant decrease in enzymatic activity ( 7 ) leading to an impairment in the capacity of cells to appropriate energy from the external environment and to convert this energy into biosynthetic work . Consequently , the capacity of neurons to convert food derived fuel sources into ATP and to use this energy to maintain neuronal viability is susceptible to decline with age . However , age-induced mitochondrial dysfunction will induce a compensatory increase in OxPhos in certain sub-populations of neurons to maintain adequate energy production , and thereby ensure synaptic function and cell survival ( 8 ) . Within neurons of the aging brain an increase in OxPhos activity in intact mitochondria , and a redistribution of these mitochondria to sites which require high energy production has been documented ( 9 ) . Lloyd Demetrius and colleagues ( 1,2 ) have proposed this compensatory change as the fundamental and initiating event in the progression towards neurodegenerative diseases . The inverse Warburg effect is postulated as the primary event in a cascade of metabolic changes ( The Inverse Warburg Hypothesis ) which ultimately leads to neuronal loss . The main energy currency in living organisms is ATP which must be continually generated to maintain cell viability . The energy is derived from two types of processes -- OxPhos which provides ~ 80 % of the total energy , and glycolysis which contributes the remaining ~ 20 % ( 10 ) ( Figure 1 ) . In oncology , most cancer cells predominantly produce energy by the up-regulation of glycolysis . Malignant , rapidly growing tumor cells have glycolytic rates higher than those of their normal tissue of origin ( Figure 2 ) . This mode of metabolic reprogramming is now called the Warburg effect , after the Nobel Laureate , Otto Warburg , who proposed that up-regulation of glycolysis is a primary initiating event in the progression towards cancer ( 11 ) . Elevated glycolysis fuels anabolic processes that contribute to the rapid growth and cellular division associated with cancer ( 12 ) . Epidemilogical studies have shown that cancer is inversely comorbid with both Alzheimer 's disease ( AD ) and Parkinson 's disease ( PD ) ( 13,14 ) . The molecular and bioenergetic basis for this inverse relation can be explained by invoking the Warburg effect as the fundamental cause of cancer and the Inverse Warburg effect as the fundamental cause of AD and PD ( 15 ) . Elevated glycolysis in cancer cells leads to the heightened production of lactate , the end product of glycolysis . Lactate has emerged as a key cerebral energy source that can provide energy via OxPhos ( 16 ) . Therefore , neurons with elevated OxPhos become critically dependent on an oxidative substrate , such as lactate-derived pyruvate , a key feature of the inverse Warburg effect ( Figure 3 ) . Elevated lactate production , associated with cancer , may therefore fuel the heightened metabolic demands of neurons within the brains of elderly patients . A hypermetabolic state , as predicted by the inverse Warburg effect , has been detected in the brains of individuals during the presymptomatic phase of AD and PD ( 3 -- 6 ) . However , the inability to switch to the Warburg effect not only restricts the development of cancer , but also curtails a potential source of lactate for hypermetabolic neurons within the brain . Under this scenario , neurons are starved and neurodegeneration ensues . Thus the Inverse Warburg Effect provides a holistic model which defines the role of aging as a risk factor for AD and PD , and also provides an explanation for the inverse relationship between cancer and neurodegenerative disorders .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d2338152fa0dfdf164514fe1cb8ebcfb", "text": "Broca's area Broca 's area or the Broca area -LSB- broʊˈkɑː -RSB- or -LSB- ˈbroʊkə -RSB- is a region in the frontal lobe of the dominant hemisphere ( usually the left ) of the hominid brain with functions linked to speech production . Language processing has been linked to Broca 's area since Pierre Paul Broca reported impairments in two patients . They had lost the ability to speak after injury to the posterior inferior frontal gyrus of the brain . Since then , the approximate region he identified has become known as Broca 's area , and the deficit in language production as Broca 's aphasia , also called expressive aphasia . Broca 's area is now typically defined in terms of the pars opercularis and pars triangularis of the inferior frontal gyrus , represented in Brodmann 's cytoarchitectonic map as areas 44 and 45 of the dominant hemisphere . Studies of chronic aphasia have implicated an essential role of Broca 's area in various speech and language functions . Further , fMRI studies have also identified activation patterns in Broca 's area associated with various language tasks . However , slow destruction of the Broca 's area by brain tumors can leave speech relatively intact suggesting its functions can shift to nearby areas in the brain .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e7a188945292039999b6cad2e783bd5", "text": "Music-specific disorders Neuroscientists have learned a lot about the role of the brain in numerous cognitive mechanisms by understanding corresponding disorders . Similarly , neuroscientists have come to learn a lot about music cognition by studying music-specific disorders . Even though music is most often viewed from a `` historical perspective rather than a biological one '' music has significantly gained the attention of neuroscientists all around the world . For many centuries music has been strongly associated with art and culture . The reason for this increased interest in music is because it `` provides a tool to study numerous aspects of neuroscience , from motor skill learning to emotion '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a739f5f8c79be400f0d81e47efe9a73b", "text": "Synactive Theory of Newborn Behavioral Organization and Development The Synactive Theory of Newborn Behavioral Organization and Development ( Synaction n. , or Synactive adj. -LSB- from the Greek syn `` together '' and the Latin actio `` action , '' resulting in : `` together in action '' -RSB- ) suggests that development of the human fetus , and later newborn , proceeds through the constant balancing of approach and avoidance behaviors , leading to : 1 ) a continuous interaction of the subsystems ( i.e. , Autonomic , Motor , State and Attention/Interaction , and Regulatory ) and their increasingly defined delineations within the organism , that is the infant , and 2 ) the organism 's interaction with the environment at large . This process is aimed at bringing about the increasingly well-defined species-unique developmental agenda . Figure 1 ( below ) , provides a graphic representation of the Synactive Theory of development , as applied to both fetal and newborn stages . It focuses upon the infant 's within-organism , four subsystems of functioning , and their continuous interaction with each other and with the environment across time ( i.e. , `` together in action , '' or synaction ) . The four subsystems include the : Autonomic Subsystem : Expressed in the pattern of respiration ( e.g. , fast , slow , pauses ) color changes ( e.g. , pink , pale , red ) , neurological indicators ( e.g. , seizures , tremulousness ) , and visceral or gut signals such as bowel movements , gagging , and hiccoughing ; Motor Subsystem : Observable through the tone , posture and movement patterns of the infant ; State and Attention/Interaction Subsystem : Expressed via : 1 ) the range of states available to the infant ( i.e. , deep sleep , light sleep , drowsy , alert , hyperalert , and cry ) , 2 ) how clearly it is to observably differentiate one state from the other , and 3 ) the patterns of transitions from one state to another ( e.g. , smooth well-differentiated state transitions versus abrupt unorganized state transitions ) . The attention/interaction system is set within this state continuum ( i.e. , from deep sleep to cry ) and represented by the infant 's ability to adjust the robustness and increasing refinement of an alert , attentive state . The infant uses this state to take in cognitive and social information from the environment as well as to bring forth and modify inputs from the surrounding world ; and Regulatory Subsystem : Behaviorally represented via the observable strategies the infant uses ( Self-Regulation ) in maintaining a balanced , relatively stable and relaxed state of subsystem of functioning or in returning to this a state of subsystem functioning if imbalance , or stress has occurred within the subsystems . An additional component of the regulatory subsystem is observable in the kind and amount of support offered by the caregiver ( e.g. , supporting a soft , tucked , flexed position of the infant 's arms and legs ) or by the environment ( e.g. , dimming the lights in the nursery ) . This Co-Regulation may be necessary to help the infant 's return to balance in situations when his/her own self-regulatory capacities are exceeded . Reproduced with permission from Als , H. Toward a synactive theory of development : Promise for the assessment of infant individuality . Infant Mental Health Journal . 1982 : ( 3 ) : 229-243 ; p. 234 . The graphic representation of the Synactive Theory above depicts the developing organism , that is , the infant , in constant interaction with the environment from within the womb to the newborn intensive care unit ( NICU ) , and the caregiving family 's support in the NICU , to the family in their home . Newborn infants are actively striving for their next steps in development , while depending upon `` good enough '' environments and care to assure progress along their developmental agenda . The Synactive Theory of Development continues to be instrumental in guiding clinicians ( e.g. , neonatologist , nurses , psychologists , developmental specialists , physical/occupational therapists , etc. ) and researchers in their understanding of the often very small steps in development that prematurely born and other high risk newborns attempt to accomplish ( which are major steps for their immature or injured brain ) . This theory gives professionals the framework and tools with which to identify the infant 's strengths , challenges and accomplishments . Such accomplishments may include breathing , sucking and swallowing in a coordinated sequence ; moving food down into and through the stomach and intestinal track instead of upwards , leading to reflux and vomiting ; looking at the caregiver and breathing at the same time , as well as many others . The Synactive Theory is the foundation of both : 1 ) the Assessment of Preterm Infants ' Behavior ( APIB ) , a standardized comprehensive newborn test , and 2 ) the Newborn Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program ( NIDCAP ) , which is the care and intervention approach , that focuses on each infant 's behavioral cues ( e.g. , hand ( s ) to mouth , bracing with feet against a supporting surface ) in order to support the infant 's strengths and reduce the infant 's vulnerabilities . The infant 's family is viewed as the infant 's most important nurturer and is integrated in all care from the infant 's birth on throughout the infant 's hospitalization .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "37d95df6d449b046ff5eab5883b21827", "text": "François de Belleforest François de Belleforest ( 1530 -- 1 January 1583 ) was a prolific French author , poet and translator of the Renaissance . He was born in Comminges , into a poor family , and his father ( a soldier ) was killed when he was seven . He spent some time in the court of Marguerite of Navarre , traveled to Toulouse and Bordeaux ( where he met George Buchanan ) , and then to Paris where he came into contact with members of the young literary generation , including Pierre de Ronsard , Jean Antoine de Baïf , Jean Dorat , Remy Belleau , Antoine Du Verdier and Odet de Turnèbe . In 1568 he became historiographer to the king . He died in Paris . Belleforest wrote on cosmography , morals , literature and history , and he translated the works of Matteo Bandello , Boccaccio , Antonio de Guevara , Lodovico Guicciardini , Polydore Vergil , Saint Cyprian , Sebastian Münster , Achilles Tatius , Cicero and Demosthenes into French . He is also the author of the first French pastoral novel , La Pyrénée ( or La Pastorale amoureuse ) ( 1571 ) modeled on the Diana of Jorge de Montemayor . His Grandes Annales are a polemic tract against François Hotman . His total output comprises more than 50 volumes . His most successful work was most likely his translation and adaptation of the `` histoires tragiques '' by the Italian Matteo Bandello , which built on the work of Pierre Boaistuau and eventually amounted to seven volumes ( 1564-1582 ) . One of these tales might be the source for Shakespeare 's Hamlet .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "80a2d0945891594af7572d51f11c6fb7", "text": "Squillo Squillo is a technical term for the resonant , trumpet-like sound in the voices of opera singers . It is also commonly called `` singer 's formant '' , `` ring '' , `` ping '' , `` core '' , and other terms . Squillo enables an essentially lyric tone to be heard over thick orchestrations , e.g. in late Verdi , Puccini and Strauss operas . Achieving a proper amount of squillo in any performing context is imperative : too much and the tone veers towards the shrill ; too little and the purpose of the squillo can not be achieved . Squillo is easily recognizable by a distinctive brilliant , ringing quality in the timbre of the voice . This perception is caused by the presence of a peak in the 2 - 5 kHz frequency range , to which the human ear is particularly sensitive . The amplification of these particular harmonics is believed to be a result of a narrowing of the Aryepiglottic fold just above the larynx . Voices with naturally acquired squillo , i.e. having naturally strong higher formants , are especially prized in opera because they allow a singer to maintain certain lyric qualities e.g. limpid high notes , and consistency of tone throughout the range etc. even in dramatic singing . Voices with squillo are also easier to record . Uses of the squillo includes : projecting a small timbre e.g. Alfredo Kraus , Juan Diego Flórez underscoring a dramatically important passage e.g. No , non voglio morir in Sola , perduta abbandonata from Puccini 's Manon Lescaut singing through a thickly textured orchestration , e.g. the final bars of Libera me from Verdi 's Requiem , in which a soprano has to compete against a tutti orchestra and full chorus supporting a pianissimo note floated over an orchestra ( which also demands a secure breath control ) e.g. Montserrat Caballé supporting a long trill simulating a scream without compromising the timbre , especially in a verismic opera ; however it is not unheard that a bona fide scream be used in operatic setting , e.g. Tosca 's final jump in Tosca giving an impression of ` youth ' to an aged voice , mainly via a cultivation of the head register , ref . Section IX Meine Gesangskunst , by Lilli Lehmann ; best exemplified vocally by Mirella Freni Famous singers who personify this technique include Leontyne Price , Mariella Devia , Renata Tebaldi , Giuseppe di Stefano , Jussi Björling and Luciano Pavarotti . Certain dramatic singers may also employ squillo as opposed to volume over the course of a performance , for example Birgit Nilsson . Squillo may also refer , in current Italian : when the grammatical gender is masculine ( uno squillo ) word for `` ring '' ( as in `` telephone ring '' ) , currently a slang term for missed call to form a verb a word `` squillare '' which means `` to ring '' or `` to blare ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b23a1c860d1788e22b6cc5a9a0208085", "text": "Roberto Devereux Roberto Devereux ( or Roberto Devereux , ossia Il conte di Essex -LSB- Robert Devereux , or the Earl of Essex -RSB- ) is a tragedia lirica , or tragic opera , by Gaetano Donizetti . Salvadore Cammarano wrote the Italian libretto after François Ancelot 's tragedy Elisabeth d'Angleterre ( 1829 ) , and based as well on the Historie secrete des amours d'Elisabeth et du comte d'Essex ( 1787 ) by Jacques Lescéne des Maisons , although Devereux was the subject of at least two other French plays : Le Comte d'Essex by Thomas Corneille and Le Comte d'Essex by Gauthier de Costes , seigneur de la Calprenède . The opera is loosely based on the life of Robert Devereux , 2nd Earl of Essex , an influential member of the court of Queen Elizabeth I of England . The plot of Roberto Devereux was hardly original , mainly derived from Felice Romani 's libretto Il Conte d'Essex of 1833 , originally set by Saverio Mercadante . Romani 's widow charged Cammarano with plagiarism , although the practice of stealing plots was very common between rival Italian opera houses . It is one of a number of operas by Donizetti which deal with the Tudor period in English history and include Anna Bolena ( named for Henry VIII 's second wife , Anne Boleyn ) , Maria Stuarda ( named for Mary , Queen of Scots ) and Il castello di Kenilworth . The lead female characters of the operas Anna Bolena , Maria Stuarda , and Elisabetta are often referred to as the `` Three Donizetti Queens . '' They earned some degree of fame in the 1970s , when the American soprano Beverly Sills promoted them as a series at New York City Opera . It has been noted that , `` although the plot plays fast and loose with history , the opera carries its own brand of dramatic conviction '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d7f19f6f90a4dafc33d3f4e7213eb83", "text": "Sicilian octave The Sicilian octave ( Italian : ottava siciliana or ottava napoletana , lit . `` Neapolitan octave '' ) is a verse form consisting of eight lines of eleven syllables each , called a hendecasyllable . The form is common in late medieval Italian poetry . In English poetry , iambic pentameter is often used instead of syllabics . The form has a prescribed rhyme scheme ( A-B-A-B-A-B-A-B ) . Although only the final two rhymes are different from the much more common ottava rima , the two eight-line forms evolved completely separately . According to the Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics , scholars disagree on the origin of the Sicilian octave , but all agree that it is related to the development of the first eight lines of the sonnet ( called the octave ) . It is not clear whether the octave emerged first and influenced the sonnet or vice versa . The form is a variant of the strambotto , which is one of the earliest verse forms in the Italian language . The strambotto was used in Sicily and Tuscany , and consisted of either six or eight hendecasyllables . The rhyme scheme varied , but the Tuscan form generally did not use the Sicilian octave scheme ; the most common was A-B-A-B-C-C-D-D . The Sicilian octave is rare in Italian after the Renaissance and has seldom been used in English except as an illustration of the form . Before the 15th century , however , it was used often by poets in southern Italy , and was an important influence for Petrarch in his sonnets . Boccaccio , who popularized and may have invented the unrelated ottava rima , used the Sicilian octave a total of once , in his early romance Filocolo . The epitaph of Giulia Topazia is a Sicilian octave :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8393e4d2c5db2b9c165680a5ff2b1531", "text": "Bellerofonte Castaldi Bellerofonte Castaldi ( 1580 -- 27 September 1649 ) was an Italian composer , poet and lutenist . Castaldi was born in Collegara , near Modena . He wrote male parts in his songs for tenors as he was opposed to the practice of castrati or male falsettists singing female parts in cantatas . In the preface to his collection , Primo mazzetto he writes that it is `` laughable that a man with the voice of a woman should set about proposing to his mistress '' . He died in Modena in 1649 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03f3c91aeb340663a8a0ebfe2b765dab", "text": "Chivalric romance As a literary genre of high culture , romance or chivalric romance is a type of prose and verse narrative that was popular in the aristocratic circles of High Medieval and Early Modern Europe . They were fantastic stories about marvel-filled adventures , often of a knight-errant portrayed as having heroic qualities , who goes on a quest , yet it is `` the emphasis on love and courtly manners distinguishes it from the chanson de geste and other kinds of epic , in which masculine military heroism predominates . '' Popular literature also drew on themes of romance , but with ironic , satiric or burlesque intent . Romances reworked legends , fairy tales , and history to suit the readers ' and hearers ' tastes , but by c. 1600 they were out of fashion , and Miguel de Cervantes famously burlesqued them in his novel Don Quixote . Still , the modern image of `` medieval '' is more influenced by the romance than by any other medieval genre , and the word medieval evokes knights , distressed damsels , dragons , and other romantic tropes . Originally , romance literature was written in Old French , Anglo-Norman , Occitan , and Provençal , and later in Portuguese , in Castilian , in English , in Italian ( particularly with the Sicilian poetry ) and German . During the early 13th century , romances were increasingly written as prose . In later romances , particularly those of French origin , there is a marked tendency to emphasize themes of courtly love , such as faithfulness in adversity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b135143641dd338439675fb93d1209f5", "text": "François Villon François Villon ( pronounced -LSB- fʁɑ̃swa vijɔ̃ -RSB- in modern French ; in fifteenth-century French , -LSB- -LSB- frɑnswɛ vilɔn -RSB- -RSB- ) , born in Paris in 1431 and disappeared from view in 1463 , is the best known French poet of the late Middle Ages . A ne'er - do-well who was involved in criminal behavior and had multiple encounters with law enforcement authorities , Villon wrote about some of these experiences in his poems .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fcbf7c2a2f82ec5d5caee50e2019ca3f", "text": "Bailo Bailo or baylo ( plural baili or bayli ) is a Venetian title that derives from the Latin term baiulus , meaning `` porter , bearer '' . In English , it may be translated bailiff , or otherwise rendered as bailey , baili , bailie , bailli or baillie . The office of a bailo is a bailaggio ( sometimes anglicised `` bailate '' ) . The term was transliterated into Greek as μπαΐουλος ( baioulos ) , but Nicephorus Gregoras translated it ἐπίτροπος ( epitropos ) or ἔφορος ( ephoros ) . In the Middle Ages , a bailo was a resident ambassador of the Republic of Venice . The most famous baili were those at Constantinople , who were , from 1268 , the Venetian ambassadors to the Byzantine court and , after 1453 , to the Ottoman government . There were also permanent baili at Negroponte , Durazzo and Corfu . Baili were also sent to represent Venetian interests at the courts of Cyprus , Acre ( Jerusalem ) , Armenia and Trebizond . In the mid-thirteenth century , the Venetian consuls in Tyre and Tripoli in the kingdom of Acre were upgraded to the rank of bailo . Venice also sent baili to oversee its colonies at Aleppo , Antivari , Koroni , Modon , Nauplia , Patras and Tenedos . The term baiulus was first used in Venetian documents translated from Arabic in the twelfth century . It was originally used to refer to Muslim officials , but in the thirteenth century came to be applied to special envoys sent by Venice to govern its colonies in Frankish Greece . These governors doubled as diplomats . They operated courts for the Venetian colonists , collected taxes and customs dues and supervised Venetian trade . Each was assisted by a chancery ( run by a chancellor ) and a Council of Twelve , composed of the leading men of the colony and modeled on the Council of Ten in Venice . Each had a chaplain , a physician and an interpreter ( or dragoman ) . Each sent back regular reports to Venice on the local politics , the affairs of the colony and , most importantly , the prices and quantities of goods in the local market . He was the superior of the consuls operating in the same country . By the end of the 15th century , the office of bailo had mostly disappeared , with those operating on foreign soil being downgraded to consuls and those governing Venetian territories being termed rectors , captains or podestà . The bailates of Constantinople and Corfu , however , survived until the end of the republic in 1797 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8322d6cf3b36fa0a673660514e756c66", "text": "Matteo Goffriller Matteo Goffriller ( 1659 -- 1742 ) was a Venetian luthier , particularly noted for the quality of his cellos . Although it is known that Goffriller was born in Brixen , little else is known of him prior to his days in Venice , that is before 1685 . He was active between 1685 -- 1735 and was the founder of the `` Venetian School '' of luthiers , during a time when Venice was one of the most important centers of musical activity in the world . Goffriller 's cellos had been erroneously attributed in the past to the Guarneri family , Carlo Bergonzi or even Antonio Stradivari and were virtually unknown until the 1920s , when they began to be discovered . The 1733 Goffriller cello once owned by Pablo Casals was originally attributed to Bergonzi . His earliest authenticated instrument is a viola da gamba dated 1689 . Goffriller arrived in Venice in 1685 to work for luthier Martin Kaiser ( Caiser ) . In 1685 he married Martin Kaiser 's daughter Maddalena Maria Kaiser ( Caiser ) , at the Madonna delle Grazie in Venice ; she bore him twelve children ( five boys and seven girls ) in 26 years . Francesco Goffriller , long thought to be his brother , according to recent research actually was his son . He is believed to have taught luthiers Domenico Montagnana and Francesco Gobetti in addition to Francesco , and died in Venice in 1742 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1a11a1828654b0c005bf1720e6ef2451", "text": "Concertato Concertato is a term in early Baroque music referring to either a genre or a style of music in which groups of instruments or voices share a melody , usually in alternation , and almost always over a basso continuo . The term derives from Italian concerto which means `` playing together '' -- hence concertato means `` in the style of a concerto . '' In contemporary usage , the term is almost always used as an adjective , for example `` three pieces from the set are in concertato style . '' A somewhat oversimplified , but useful distinction between concertato and concerto can be made : the concertato style involves contrast between opposing groups of voices and groups of instruments : the concerto style , especially as it developed into the concerto grosso later in the Baroque , involves contrast between large and small groups of similar composition ( later called `` ripieno '' and `` concertino '' ) . The style developed in Venice in the late 16th century , mainly through the work of Andrea and Giovanni Gabrieli , who were working in the unique acoustical space of St. Mark 's Cathedral . Different choirs or instrumental groupings occupied positions across the cathedral from each other : because of the sound delay from one side to the other in the large and acoustically `` live '' space , a perfect unison was difficult , and composers found that a fantastically effective music could be composed with the choirs singing across to each other , in stereo as it were ; all accompanied by organ or other groups of instruments placed in such a way that they could hear each group equally well . Music written there was quickly performed elsewhere , and compositions in the new `` concertato '' style quickly became popular elsewhere in Europe ( first in northern Italy , then in Germany and the rest of Italy , and then gradually in other parts of the continent ) . Another term sometimes used for this antiphonal use of the choirs in St. Mark 's was cori spezzati . See also Venetian polychoral style and Venetian School . In the early 17th century , almost all music with voices and basso continuo was called a concerto , though this use of the term is considerably different from the more modern meaning ( a solo instrument or instruments accompanied by an orchestra ) . Often , sacred music in the concertato style in the early 17th century was descended from the motet : the texts that a hundred years earlier would have been set for a cappella voices singing in smooth polyphony , would now be set for voices and instruments in a concertato style . These pieces , no longer always called motets , were given a variety of names including concerto , Psalm ( if a psalm setting ) , sinfonia , or symphoniae ( for example in Heinrich Schütz 's collections of Symphoniae Sacrae ) . The concertato style made possible the composition of extremely dramatic music , one of the characteristic innovations of the early Baroque .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f96c331a85027d5e3c5b5c450b6a97a", "text": "Ranieri de' Calzabigi Ranieri de ' Calzabigi ( -LSB- raˈnjɛːri de kaltsaˈbiːdʒi -RSB- ; 23 December 1714 -- July 1795 ) was an Italian poet and librettist , most famous for his collaboration with the composer Christoph Willibald Gluck on his `` reform '' operas . Born in Livorno , Calzabigi spent the 1750s in Paris , where he became a close friend of Casanova . Here he explored his interest in opera , producing an edition of the works of Metastasio , the most famous librettist of opera seria . However , Calzabigi was also impressed by French tragédie en musique , and eager to reform Italian opera by making it simpler and more dramatically effective . In 1761 he settled in Vienna , where he met likeminded reformers : Gluck ; Count Giacomo Durazzo , the theatre director ; Gasparo Angiolini , the choreographer ; Giovanni Maria Quaglio , the set designer ; and the castrato Gaetano Guadagni . Together they worked on Gluck 's groundbreaking Orfeo ed Euridice in 1762 . Calzabigi then wrote the libretto for Alceste , which further abandoned the practices of opera seria in favour of `` noble simplicity '' . In the preface to this work , to which Gluck put his signature , Calzabigi set out his manifesto for reforming opera . A third collaboration , Paride ed Elena , followed in 1770 . Calzabigi also contributed to the scenario of Gluck 's reformist ballet , Don Juan , in 1764 . La finta giardiniera , set by Pasquale Anfossi in 1774 and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in 1775 , has been ascribed to him , but this is now regarded as doubtful . In 1775 Calzabigi was banished from the Viennese court as the result of a scandal and took up residence in Pisa , where he continued his literary activities until his death .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "288a80e68579ccf19e634ec7eab975aa", "text": "Il teatro alla moda Il teatro alla moda ( The Fashionable Theater ) is a satirical pamphlet in which its author , the Venetian composer Benedetto Marcello ( 1686 -- 1739 ) , vents his critical opinions on the milieu of the Italian opera seria in the first decades of the eighteenth century . It was first published anonymously in Venice , by the end of 1720 . Virtually every aspect of opera seria and its social environment is mercilessly criticized by Marcello : the artificiality of plots , the stereotyped format of music , the extravagant scenography and machinery , the inability and venality of composers and poets , the vanity and vulgarity of singers , the avidity of impresarios , the ineptitude of musicians . The full title reads `` THE FASHIONABLE THEATER -- OR -- safe and easy METHOD for correctly composing and performing Italian OPERAS in the modern style , -- In which -- useful and necessary Advice is given to Librettists , Composers , Musicians of both sexes , Impresarios , Performers , Engineers , and Scene Painters , comic Characters , Tailors , Pages , Dancers , Prompters , Copyists , Protectors , and MOTHERS of female Virtuoso singers , & other People belonging to Theater . '' In fact , Il teatro alla moda is written as a series of chapters where advice is ironically given to the various people involved in operatic productions , in order to meet `` the modern customs '' and bizarre requirements of such theatrical events . Besides the title , the frontispiece contains several allusions to well-known protagonists of the Venetian theater of the time . For instance , the publisher 's name `` Aldiviva Licante '' refers , by means of anagrams , both to Antonio Vivaldi , then very famous as an opera composer , and to the singer Caterina Canteli . The text of Il teatro alla moda displays several striking features . To begin with , it shows a degree of vacillation in attitude toward its subject -- perhaps resulting from Marcello 's personal ambivalence regarding operatic music , as both a critic and a composer . For example , the dedicatory is by `` the author of the book to its composer . '' In addition , it exhibits a number of surrealistic elements , which reach a climax in the last chapter , `` The Raffle '' ( presumably organized by the mother of a young female singer ) , where the prizes include `` a full dress of modern poet in fever-colored tree bark , wrapped with metaphors , translations , hyperboles '' as well as `` the pen that wrote Il teatro alla moda . '' The printing accompanies these peculiarities with a chaotic use of italic and normal typography and of capital fonts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e1a7a9f91ae5bc525c157a80bdc00a63", "text": "Palais des Papes The Palais des Papes ( English : Papal palace , lo Palais dei Papas in Occitan ) is a historical palace in Avignon , southern France , one of the largest and most important medieval Gothic buildings in Europe . Once a fortress and palace , the papal residence was the seat of Western Christianity during the 14th century . Six papal conclaves were held in the Palais , leading to the elections of Benedict XII in 1334 , Clement VI in 1342 , Innocent VI in 1352 , Urban V in 1362 , Gregory XI in 1370 and Antipope Benedict XIII in 1394 . The Palais is actually two joined buildings : the old palais of Benedict XII , which sits on the impregnable rock of Doms , and the new palais of Clement VI , the most extravagant of the Avignon popes . Together they form the largest Gothic building of the Middle Ages , it is also one of the best examples of the International Gothic architectural style . The construction design was the work of two of France 's best architects , Pierre Peysson and Jean du Louvres and the lavish ornamentation was the work of two of the best students of the School of Siena ( Italy ) , Simone Martini and Matteo Giovanetti . In addition , the papal library housed in the Palais ( the largest in Europe at the time with over 2,000 volumes ) , attracted a group of clerics passionate in the study of `` belle-lettres '' , amongst them the founder of Humanism , Petrarch . At the same time , composers , singers and musicians were drawn to the Great Chapel of the Palais . It was there that Clement VI appreciated the Mass of Notre-Dame of Guillaume de Machaut , there that Philippe de Vitry at the pope 's invitation presented his Ars Nova and there that Johannes Ciconia came to study . Due to its immense size , the Palais was also the place where the general organisation of the Church began to change . It facilitated the centralisation of services and the adaption of operations in order to suit the needs of the papacy , creating a truly central administration for the Church . The manpower of the Curia ( Church administration ) , while 200 at the end of the 13th century , surpassed 300 at the beginning of the 14th century and reached 500 people in 1316 . To this were added over 1,000 lay officials working within the Palais . Despite this , the Palais became obsolete when the papacy found it necessary to return to Rome . The hope of reuniting Latin and Orthodox Christians , along with the achievement of peace in the Papal States in Italy , made the case of returning stronger . Added to that was the strong conviction of both Urban V and Gregory XI that the seat of the papacy could only be the tomb of St Peter . Despite strong opposition from the Court of France and the College of Cardinals , both popes found the means to return to Rome , the first , on 30 April 1362 , the second on 13 September 1370 . This time , the return was absolute . In the following centuries , the Palais lost all of its former glory , despite it serving as the seat of two anti-popes and many cardinals . It retained , however , a `` work of destruction '' aspect that French poets and writers such as Charles Forbes René de Montalembert have referred to over the centuries , with its powerful sense of beauty , simplicity , grandeur and immortality . Since 1995 , the Palais des Papes has been classified , along with the historic center of Avignon , as a UNESCO World Heritage Site , under cultural criteria i , ii and iv .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6be3fb9b67fa06f039f4aa240284f148", "text": "Orlando Furioso Orlando furioso ( -LSB- orˈlando fuˈrjoːzo ; - oːso -RSB- ; The Frenzy of Orlando , more literally Raging Roland ; in Italian furioso is never capitalized ) is an Italian epic poem by Ludovico Ariosto which has exerted a wide influence on later culture . The earliest version appeared in 1516 , although the poem was not published in its complete form until 1532 . Orlando Furioso is a continuation of Matteo Maria Boiardo 's unfinished romance Orlando Innamorato ( `` Orlando in Love '' , published posthumously in 1495 ) . In its historical setting and characters , it shares some features with the Old French Chanson de Roland of the eleventh century , which tells of the death of Roland . The story is also a chivalric romance which stemmed from a tradition beginning in the late Middle Ages and continuing in popularity in the 16th century and well into the 17th . Orlando is the Christian knight known in French ( and subsequently English ) as Roland . The action takes place against the background of the war between Charlemagne 's Christian paladins and the Saracen army that has invaded Europe and is attempting to overthrow the Christian empire . The poem is about war and love and the romantic ideal of chivalry . It mixes realism and fantasy , humor and tragedy . The stage is the entire world , plus a trip to the moon . The large cast of characters features Christians and Saracens , soldiers and sorcerers , and fantastic creatures including a gigantic sea monster called the orc and a flying horse called the hippogriff . Many themes are interwoven in its complicated episodic structure , but the most important are the paladin Orlando 's unrequited love for the pagan princess Angelica , which drives him mad ; the love between the female Christian warrior Bradamante and the Saracen Ruggiero , who are supposed to be the ancestors of Ariosto 's patrons , the d'Este family of Ferrara ; and the war between Christian and Infidel . The poem is divided into forty-six cantos , each containing a variable number of eight-line stanzas in ottava rima ( a rhyme scheme of abababcc ) . Ottava rima had been used in previous Italian romantic epics , including Luigi Pulci 's Morgante and Boiardo 's Orlando Innamorato . Ariosto 's work is 38,736 lines long in total , making it one of the longest poems in European literature .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f378fc060a234fdb7143a236b709768", "text": "Giuseppe de Begnis Giuseppe de Begnis ( 1793-10 August 1849 ) was an operatic bass singer . Born in Lugo di Romagna , he started his musical education when he was 7 years old , under Padre Bongiovanni , and sang soprano in the church . At age 15 he had serious problems with his voice and began studying acting under Mandini , a famous actor of the time . His father did not want Giuseppe to become a comedian and in due course the young man became a pupil of the composer Giovanni Morandi , the husband of the singer Rosa Morandi . In the autumn of 1816 he married the soprano Giuseppina Ronzi de Begnis in Bologna and they were together until 1825 . His countenance was seriously affected by smallpox , but he was skilled at applying make-up and on stage he gave no evidence of facial disfigurement . By 1815 he had established himself in a promising career which continued until the late 1820s in Italy , France and London and then in Northern Ireland from 1829 where he also ran an opera company . He continued to sing and manage opera companies in Scotland and from New York from 1838 , where he lived until his death in 1849 . He has been described as `` an ideal interpreter of Rossini 's comic operas '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8159cc7491b57f181b14c6ebbe550e44", "text": "Comic opera Comic opera denotes a sung dramatic work of a light or comic nature , usually with a happy ending . Forms of comic opera first developed in late 17th-century Italy . By the 1730s , a new operatic genre , opera buffa , emerged as an alternative to opera seria . It quickly made its way to France , where it became opéra bouffon , and eventually , in the following century , French operetta , with Jacques Offenbach as its most accomplished practitioner . The influence of the Italian and French forms spread to other parts of Europe . Many countries developed their own genres of comic opera , incorporating the Italian and French models along with their own musical traditions . Examples include Viennese operetta , German singspiel , Spanish zarzuela , Russian comic opera , English ballad opera , and Savoy Opera .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d4f2a0e24752a1894e6f6fb7a930f21", "text": "Castilians Castilians ( Spanish : castellanos ) are certain inhabitants in regions of central Spain including at least the eastern part of Castile and León , the northern and eastern parts of Castile-La Mancha , and the Madrid community , who are the source of the Spanish language ( Castilian ) among other aspects of cultural identity . However , not all people in the regions of the medieval Kingdom of Castile think of themselves as Castilian . For this reason , the exact limits of what Castile is today are disputed . As an ethnicity , they are most commonly associated with the sparsely populated inner plateau of the Iberian peninsula , which is split in two by the Sistema Central mountain range and Northern or `` Old Castile '' from southern or `` New Castile '' , the latter being somewhat closer in terms of culture and dialect to southern regions of Spain such as Andalusia , Extremadura and Murcia . Through the Reconquista and other conquests in the Middle Ages , the Kingdom of Castile ( later Crown of Castile ) spread over a large part of the Iberian Peninsula , especially towards the southern Spanish regions . After this , since the 15th century , through the Spanish colonization of the Americas , the Castilians also spread over the New World , bringing with them not only their language , but also elements of their culture and traditions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a00b486d8f9d6b3ab067aebf2687e35", "text": "Gil Blas (periodical) Gil Blas ( or Le Gil Blas ) was a Parisian literary periodical named for Alain-René Lesage 's novel Gil Blas . It was founded by the sculptor Augustin-Alexandre Dumont in November 1879 . Gil Blas serialized famous novels such as Émile Zola 's Germinal ( 1884 ) and L'Œuvre ( 1885 ) before they appeared in book form . Guy de Maupassant regularly published short stories in Gil Blas . The journal was also known for its opinionated arts and theatre criticism . Contributors included René Blum , Alexandru Bogdan-Pitești , and Abel Hermant . Théophile Steinlen and Albert Guillaume provided illustrations . Gil Blas was published regularly until 1914 , when it went on a short hiatus due to the outbreak of World War I. Afterwards , it was published intermittently until 1938 . In addition to Germinal , Gil Blas serialized the Zola novels L'Argent , Au Bonheur des Dames , and La Joie de vivre . Guy de Maupassant stories which debuted in Gil Blas include '' À vendre , '' `` Imprudence , '' `` L'Inconnue , '' `` La Bête à Maît ' Belhomme , '' `` La Confidence , '' `` La Baptême , '' `` Tribunaux Rustiques '' and perhaps most famously `` Le Horla '' . Gil Blas critic Louis Vauxcelles 's phrase `` Donatello chez les fauves ! '' ( `` Donatello among the wild beasts '' ) brought notoriety and attention to the works of Henri Matisse and Les Fauves exhibited at the Salon d'Automne of 1905 . Vauxcelles ' comment was printed on 17 October 1905 and passed into popular usage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd0800cca6a48f31a17b1ef25f38600a", "text": "Fredmans epistlar Fredmans epistlar ( English : Fredman 's Epistles or Epistles of Fredman ) is a collection of 82 poems set to music by Carl Michael Bellman , a major figure in Swedish 18th century song . Though first published in 1790 , it was created over a period of twenty years from 1768 onwards . A companion volume , Fredmans sånger ( Fredman 's Songs ) was published the following year . The Epistles vary widely in style and effect , from Rococo-themed pastorale with a cast of gods and demigods from classical antiquity to laments for the effects of Brännvin-drinking , tavern-scenes , and apparent improvisations . The lyrics , based on the lives of Bellman 's contemporaries in Gustavian-age Sweden , describe a gallery of fictional and semi-fictional characters and events taking place in Stockholm . Jean Fredman , an alcoholic former watchmaker , is the central character and fictional narrator . The `` soliloquy '' of Epistle 23 , a description of Fredman lying drunk in the gutter and then recovering in the Crawl-In Tavern , was described by Oscar Levertin as `` the to-be-or-not-to-be of Swedish literature '' . Ulla Winblad , based on one of Bellman 's friends , is the chief of the fictional `` nymphs '' . She is half goddess , half prostitute , a key figure among the demimonde characters of Fredman 's Epistles . The Epistles are admired for the way that their poetry and music fit so well together . Bellman chose not to compose the tunes , instead borrowing and adapting existing melodies , most likely to exploit the humour of contrasting the associations of well-known tunes with the meanings he gave them . This may also have been intended to provide historical depth to his work ; he sometimes devoted considerable energy to adapting melodies to fit an Epistle 's needs . Many of the Epistles have remained culturally significant in Scandinavia , especially in Sweden . They are widely sung and recorded : by choirs such as the Orphei Drängar , by professional solo singers such as Fred Åkerström and Cornelis Vreeswijk , and by ensemble singers such as Sven-Bertil Taube and William Clauson . The Epistles have been translated into German , French , English , Russian , Polish , Finnish , Italian and Dutch .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18f819bea10db3388c9991d889139aa9", "text": "Furlana The furlana ( also spelled furlane , forlane , friulana , forlana ) is an Italian folk dance from the Italian region of Friuli Venezia Giulia . In Friulian , furlane means Friulian , in this case Friulian Dance . In Friuli there has been a Slav minority since the Slavic settlement of the Eastern Alps , and the furlana may well have originated as a Slavonic dance . It dates at least to 1583 , when a `` ballo furlano '' called L'arboscello was published in Pierre Phalèse the Younger 's Chorearum molliorum collectanea and in Jakob Paix 's organ tablature book , though its chief popularity extended from the late 1690s to about 1750 . It is particularly associated with Venice because , at the time of its popularity , Friuli was a part of the Republic of Venice . The furlana is a fast dance , in duple-time 6/8 , though one exceptional example proves to be in quintuple meter , underlining the Slavonic associations also suggested by its title , Polesana , which in Italian can mean `` a woman from Pola '' ( a city in Istria , neighbouring Friuli and a part of Italy until 1947 ) , or may be from the Croatian word `` polesa '' , meaning `` rural '' , or `` from the back woods '' . Originally the furlana was a courtship dance , performed by a couple . It was introduced to France by André Campra in 1697 ( in L'Europe galante ) and 1699 ( in Le carnaval de Venise , in which the first of two furlanas serves as a dance entry for a troupe of Slavs , Armenians , and Gypsies ) , and it quickly became a popular theatre and social dance there . Pietro Paolo Melii ( active first quarter of the 17th century ) included a `` Furlain volta alla Francese detta la Schapigliata '' in his Intavolatura di Liuto attiorbato , e di Tiorba . Libro Quinto ( Venice , 1620 ) . The piece is written almost entirely in running eighths , and , as so many of Melii 's pieces , makes considerable use of syncopation . François Couperin closed the fourth of his Concerts royaux with a forlane . Johann Sebastian Bach incorporated a forlane in his first orchestral suite . Maurice Ravel recalled the baroque usage in his piano suite Le Tombeau de Couperin , though his Forlane is a rather plaintive piece in moderate time . Another forlane occurs at the end of Ernest Chausson 's piano suite Quelques Danses ( Some Dances ) -- this one far livelier and featuring an alternation between triple and sextuple rhythms . The fourth movement of Gerald Finzi 's Five Bagatelles ( Op. 23 ) is a forlana as is the fourth movement of Richard Harvey 's Concerto Antico for guitar and orchestra .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4679337a4f43b2c4ad75da2046adfc3b", "text": "Madrigal (poetry) Madrigal ( madrigale ) is the name of a form of poetry , the exact nature of which has never been decided in English . The definition given in the New English Dictionary , `` a short lyrical poem of amatory character , '' offers no distinctive formula ; some madrigals are long , and many have nothing whatever to do with love . The most important English collection of madrigals , not set to music , was published by William Drummond of Hawthornden ( 1585 -- 1649 ) in his Poems of 1616 . Perhaps the best way of ascertaining what was looked upon in the 17th century as a madrigal is to quote one of Drummond 's : The beauty and the life Of life 's and beauty 's fairest paragon , O tears ! O grief ! hung at a feeble thread , To which pale Atropos had set her knife ; The soul with many a groan Had left each outward part , And now did take his last leave of the heart ; Nought else did want , save death , even to be dead ; When the afflicted band about her bed , Seeing so fair him come in lips , cheeks , eyes , Cried ah ! and can death enter Paradise ? This may be taken as a type of Drummond 's madrigals , of which he has left us about eighty . They are serious , brief , irregular lyrics , in which neither the amatory nor the complimentary tone is by any means obligatory . Some of these pieces contain as few as six lines , one as many as fourteen , but they average from nine to eleven . In the majority of examples the little poem opens with a line of six syllables , and no line extends beyond ten syllables . The madrigal appears to be a short canzone of the Tuscan type , but less rigidly constructed . In French the madrigal has not this Italian character . It is simply a short piece of verse , ingenious in its turn and of a gallant tendency . The idea of compliment is essential . J. F. Guichard ( 1730 -- 1811 ) writes : `` Orgon , poke marital , A Venus compare sa femme ; C'est pour la belle un madrigal , C'est pour Venus une epigramme . '' This quatrain emphasizes the fact that in French a madrigal is a trifling piece of erotic compliment , neatly turned but not seriously meant . The credit of inventing the old French verse form of madrigal belongs to Clément Marot , and one of his may be quoted in contrast to that of Drummond : Un doux nenni avec un doux sourire Est tant honneste , it le vous faut apprendre ; Quant est de oui , si veniez a le dire , D'avoir trop dit je voudrois vous reprendre ; Non que je sois ennuye d'entreprendre D'avoir le fruit dont le desir me point ; Mais je voudrois qu'en ne le laissant prendre , Vous me disiez : vous ne l'aurez point . In English , when the word first occurred -- it has not been traced farther back than 1588 ( in the preface to Nicholas Yonge 's Musica transalpina ) -- it was identified with the chief form of secular vocal music in the 16th century . In 1741 , John Immyns ( 1700 -- 1764 ) founded the Madrigal Society , which met in an ale-house in Bride Lane , Fleet Street ; this association still exists , and is the oldest musical society in Europe . The word `` madrigal '' is frequently also used to designate a sentimental or trifling expression in a half-contemptuous sense .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "6ac9ea3909bbb7a28f55b95f79600b23", "text": "Lionel Messi Lionel Andrés `` Leo '' Messi ( -LSB- ljoˈnel anˈdɾes ˈmesi -RSB- ; born 24 June 1987 ) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a forward for Spanish club FC Barcelona and the Argentina national team . Often considered the best player in the world and regarded by many as the greatest of all time , Messi is the only player in history to win five FIFA Ballon d'Or awards , four of which he won consecutively , and the first to win three European Golden Shoes . He has won 29 trophies with Barcelona , including eight La Liga titles , four UEFA Champions League titles , and five Copas del Rey . Both a prolific goalscorer and a creative playmaker , Messi holds the records for most official goals scored in La Liga ( 349 ) , a La Liga season ( 50 ) and a club football season in Europe ( 73 ) , as well as those for most assists made in La Liga ( 137 ) and the Copa América ( 11 ) . He has scored over 500 senior career goals for club and country . Born and raised in central Argentina , Messi was diagnosed with a growth hormone deficiency as a child . At age 13 , he relocated to Spain to join Barcelona , who agreed to pay for his medical treatment . After a fast progression through Barcelona 's youth academy , Messi made his competitive debut aged 17 in October 2004 . Despite being injury-prone during his early career , he established himself as an integral player for the club within the next three years , finishing 2007 as a finalist for both the Ballon d'Or and FIFA World Player of the Year award , a feat he repeated the following year . His first uninterrupted campaign came in the 2008 -- 09 season , during which he helped Barcelona achieve the first treble in Spanish football . At 22 years old , Messi won the Ballon d'Or and FIFA World Player of the Year award by record voting margins . Three successful seasons followed , with Messi winning three consecutive FIFA Ballons d'Or , including an unprecedented fourth . His personal best campaign to date was the 2011 -- 12 season , in which he set the La Liga and European records for most goals scored in a single season , while establishing himself as Barcelona 's all-time top scorer in official competitions in March 2012 . He again struggled with injury during the following two seasons , twice finishing second for the Ballon d'Or behind Cristiano Ronaldo , his perceived career rival . Messi regained his best form during the 2014 -- 15 campaign , breaking the all-time goalscoring records in both La Liga and the Champions League in November 2014 , and led Barcelona to a historic second treble . An Argentine international , Messi is his country 's all-time leading goalscorer . At youth level , he won the 2005 FIFA World Youth Championship , finishing the tournament with both the Golden Ball and Golden Shoe , and an Olympic gold medal at the 2008 Summer Olympics . His style of play as a diminutive , left-footed dribbler drew comparisons with compatriot Diego Maradona , who declared the teenager his successor . After making his senior debut in August 2005 , Messi became the youngest Argentine to play and score in a FIFA World Cup during the 2006 edition , and reached the final of the 2007 Copa América , where he was named young player of the tournament . As the squad 's captain from August 2011 , he led Argentina to three consecutive finals : the 2014 World Cup , for which he won the Golden Ball , and the 2015 and 2016 Copas América .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "7a4614c5b1c9d3fd12f27f34e1aa43bf", "text": "Golden generation In sport , a golden generation or golden team is an exceptionally gifted group of players of similar age , whose achievements reach or are expected to reach a level of success beyond that which their team had previously achieved . Below is a list of teams who have been referred to by the media as golden generations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ec279811d630f32dab56562617bdb9f", "text": "Alessandro Del Piero Alessandro `` Alex '' Del Piero ( -LSB- alesˈsandro del ˈpjɛːro -RSB- ) Ufficiale OMRI ( born 9 November 1974 ) is an Italian former professional footballer who mainly played as a deep-lying forward , although he was capable of playing in several offensive positions . In 2015 , he worked as a pundit for Sky Sport Italia . A technically gifted , and creative supporting forward , who was also a free-kick specialist , Del Piero is widely regarded by players , pundits , and managers as one of the greatest players of his generation , and as one of the best Italian players of all time , winning the Serie A Italian Footballer of the Year award in 1998 and 2008 . A prolific goal-scorer , he is currently the second highest all-time Italian top-scorer in all competitions , with 346 goals , behind only Silvio Piola , with 390 goals ; he is also the joint ninth highest goalscorer in Serie A history , with 188 goals , alongside Giuseppe Signori and Alberto Gilardino . After beginning his career with Italian club Padova in Serie B in 1991 , he moved to Juventus F.C. in 1993 , where he played for 19 seasons ( 11 as captain ) , and holds the club records for most goals ( 290 ) and appearances ( 705 ) . During his time at the club , he won six Serie A titles , the Coppa Italia , four Supercoppa Italiana titles , the UEFA Champions League , the UEFA Super Cup , the UEFA Intertoto Cup , and the Intercontinental Cup . After leaving the club in 2012 , he also spent two seasons with Australian side Sydney FC ; he retired after a season with Delhi Dynamos FC in the Indian Super League , in 2014 . Del Piero has scored in every competition in which he has participated . In 2004 , he was named in the FIFA 100 , a list of the 125 greatest living footballers selected by Pelé as a part of FIFA 's centenary celebrations . In the same year , he was also voted into the UEFA Golden Jubilee Poll , a list of the 50 best European players of the past 50 years . Along with six awards in Italy for gentlemanly conduct , he has also won the Golden Foot award , which pertains to personality as well as playing ability . At international level , Del Piero has also represented the Italian national team at three FIFA World Cups and four UEFA European Football Championships , most notably winning the 2006 FIFA World Cup , and reaching the final of UEFA Euro 2000 with Italy . He is the joint fourth highest scorer for the Italian national team , with 27 goals , alongside Roberto Baggio , and behind only Silvio Piola with 30 goals , Giuseppe Meazza with 33 goals , and Luigi Riva with 35 goals ; with 91 appearances for Italy between 1995 and 2008 , he is also his nation 's ninth-most capped player of all-time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47f83bdd20eef320b7cc2e778db2c163", "text": "UEFA European Under-21 Championship The UEFA European Under-21 Championship ( also known as the UEFA Euro U-21s ) is a football competition organised by the sport 's European governing body , UEFA . It is held every two years . The competition has existed in its current form since 1978 . It was preceded by the Under 23 Challenge Cup which ran from 1967 to 1970 . A true Under 23 championship was then formed , starting in 1972 . The age limit was reduced to 21 for the 1978 championship and it has remained so since . To be eligible for the campaign ending in 2017 , players need to be born in or after 1994 . Many can be actually 23 years old by the time the finals tournament takes place ; however , when the qualification process began ( 2015 ) all players would have been 21 or under . Under-21 matches are typically played on the day before senior internationals and where possible , the same qualifying groups and fixtures were played out . This was not true for the shortened 2006-2007 Championship . This tournament serves as qualifier for the Summer Olympics . It has been considered a stepping stone toward the senior team . Players such as 2014 World Cup winner Mesut Özil , Klaas-Jan Huntelaar , Luís Figo , Petr Čech , 2010 World Cup winner Iker Casillas , 2006 World Cup winners Francesco Totti , Fabio Cannavaro , Gianluigi Buffon , Alberto Gilardino and Andrea Pirlo , and Euro 2004 winner Georgios Karagounis began their international careers in the youth teams . Sweden are the reigning champions , defeating Portugal in the 2015 final , on penalties . The finals of the 2015 competition were hosted by Czech Republic .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d593a747b39bb52791c2b3126e0cacd7", "text": "UEFA Euro 2004 Final The UEFA Euro 2004 Final was a football match played on 4 July 2004 at the Estádio da Luz in Lisbon , Portugal to determine the winner of UEFA Euro 2004 . The match featured tournament hosts Portugal , who went into the match as favourites , and Greece , playing in only their second European Championship . It was the first time in a major international tournament where both finalists had also played in the opening game of the tournament . Both teams had qualified for the knockout stage from Group A of the tournament 's group stage , with Greece winning 2 -- 1 in the teams ' earlier meeting . Greece won the final 1 -- 0 , defying odds of 80 -- 1 from the beginning of the tournament , with Angelos Charisteas scoring the winning goal in the 57th minute . While the dedication of the side and the victory were celebrated by their nation , Greece were dubbed by Barry Glendenning of The Guardian as `` the only underdogs in history that everyone wants to see get beaten '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce69d265d906f683b0c9689bc853e973", "text": "Diego Maradona Diego Armando Maradona ( -LSB- ˈdjeɣo maɾaˈðona -RSB- , born 30 October 1960 ) is an Argentine retired professional footballer . He has served as a manager and coach at other clubs as well as the national team of Argentina . Many in the sport , including football writers , players , and fans , regard Maradona as the greatest football player of all time . He was joint FIFA Player of the 20th Century with Pelé . An advanced playmaker who operated in the classic number 10 position , Maradona is the first player in football history to set the world record transfer fee twice , first when he transferred to Barcelona for a then world record # 5 million , and second , when he transferred to Napoli for another record fee # 6.9 million . He played for Argentinos Juniors , Boca Juniors , Barcelona , Napoli , Sevilla and Newell 's Old Boys during his club career , and is most famous for his time at Napoli , where he won numerous accolades . In his international career with Argentina , he earned 91 caps and scored 34 goals . Maradona 's vision , passing , ball control , dribbling skills , speed , reflexes and reaction time was combined with his small size ( 1.65 m tall ) giving him a low center of gravity which allowed him to be more maneuverable than most other football players ; he would often dribble past multiple opposing players on a run . His presence on the pitch had a great effect on his team 's general performance , while he would often be singled out by the opposition . A precocious talent , Maradona was given the nickname `` El Pibe de Oro '' ( `` The Golden Boy '' ) , a name that stuck with him throughout his career . Maradona played in four FIFA World Cups , including the 1986 World Cup in Mexico where he captained Argentina and led them to victory over West Germany in the final , and won the Golden Ball as the tournament 's best player . In the 1986 World Cup quarter final , he scored both goals in a 2 -- 1 victory over England that entered football history for two different reasons . The first goal was an unpenalized handling foul known as the `` Hand of God '' , while the second goal followed a 60 m dribble past five England players , voted `` The Goal of the Century '' by FIFA.com voters in 2002 . Maradona became coach of Argentina in November 2008 . He was in charge of the team at the 2010 World Cup in South Africa before leaving at the end of the tournament . He coached Dubai-based club Al Wasl in the UAE Pro-League for the 2011 -- 12 season . In August 2013 , Maradona joined Argentine Primera D club Deportivo Riestra 's staff as `` spiritual coach '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28d48c8c3c5fb21da2a98e8c69fd0799", "text": "2006 UEFA Champions League Final The 2006 UEFA Champions League Final was an association football match between Barcelona of Spain and Arsenal of England at the Stade de France in Saint-Denis , Paris , France , on Wednesday , 17 May 2006 . It was the final match of the 2005 -- 06 season of Europe 's primary cup competition , the UEFA Champions League . Barcelona were appearing in their fifth final , having won the competition once in 1992 , and lost the other three finals . Arsenal were appearing in the final for the first time and in doing so became the first club from London to feature in the final . Each club needed to progress through the group stage and knockout rounds to reach the final , playing 12 matches in total . Barcelona won their group and progressed to the final after beating Chelsea , Benfica and Milan , respectively . Arsenal won their group to move into the knockout stage , and progressed without conceding a goal against Real Madrid , Juventus and Villarreal , respectively . A crowd of 79,500 watched as Jens Lehmann was sent off early in the game . Despite this setback , Arsenal took the lead through Sol Campbell towards the end of the first half . The game turned with the 61st minute introduction of Henrik Larsson as a Barcelona substitute . Larsson provided two assists , one each for Samuel Eto'o and Juliano Belletti . The 2 -- 1 victory was Barcelona 's second triumph in the competition 14 years after they won the European Cup in 1992 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70abb986011c1b07c9de6ff3534aae91", "text": "2005 South American Under-17 Football Championship The 2005 South American Under-17 Football Championship was a football competition for U-17 national teams affiliated with CONMEBOL . It was the 11th time the tournament was held . It was played in Venezuela from 1 to 17 April 2005 . The host city of the competition was Maracaibo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce26d8e0fde7ed6657a58475a94d97ac", "text": "FIBA Europe Young Men's Player of the Year Award The FIBA Europe Young Men 's Player of the Year Award was an annual award given by FIBA Europe , the European division of FIBA , the international governing body of the sport of basketball , to the best basketball player with European citizenship , aged 22 and under of the year . The inaugural award was given out in the year 2005 to Nikos Zisis of Greece . The vote was decided upon by a panel of basketball experts and also by fan voting . The candidates included all European basketball players aged 22 and under in the world , regardless of whether they played in Europe or anywhere else in the world . Also , the candidates included all players , from both professional sports leagues such as the NBA or the EuroLeague , etc. ( including from both senior and junior level sports clubs ) and amateur status , such as NCAA college basketball , etc. . However , the FIBA Europe Young Men 's Player of the Year Award was the junior European Player of the Year award ( only for players aged 22 and under ) that was given by FIBA , and is not to be confused with the senior men 's award , which was the FIBA Europe Men 's Player of the Year Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5890119b4621cbf2ea951c20960dd655", "text": "2010–11 La Liga The 2010 -- 11 La Liga season ( known as the Liga BBVA for sponsorship reasons ) was the 80th since its establishment . The campaign began on 28 August 2010 and ended on 21 May 2011 . A total of 20 teams contested the league , 17 of which already contested in the 2009 -- 10 season and three of which were promoted from the Segunda División . In addition , a new match ball -- the Nike Total 90 Tracer -- served as the official ball for all matches . Defending champions Barcelona secured their third-consecutive and 21st La Liga title after a 1 -- 1 tie with Levante on 11 May 2011 . The result gave Barcelona a 6-point lead with two matches remaining which , combined with their better head-to-head record with Real Madrid , ensured that they finished top of the table . Barcelona led the table since defeating Madrid 5 -- 0 on 23 November 2010 . Since then , they lost only one match en route to winning the title . It was the third straight title for Barcelona manager Pep Guardiola . Lionel Messi won the LFP Award for Best Player , which marked his third consecutive win . The season was again dominated by Barcelona and Real Madrid , with second-place Madrid 21 points ahead of third-place Valencia . Having encountered each other in the Champions League semifinals and the Copa del Rey final , the top two teams met 4 times in 17 days , for a total of 5 times this season . The most significant managerial change prior to the start of the season was two-time Champions League-winning José Mourinho taking over at Real Madrid .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1da04f0c94fd250841a9c6d01262b075", "text": "Grêmio F.B.P.A. Academy Grêmio F.B.P.A. Academy is the youth set up of Grêmio . Is composed of a feeder team , known as Transition team , and several youth teams from the age group of under-7 to the under-20 , and is considered one of the most prolific football academies in Brazil as also in the world . Notable graduates in recent years include former FIFA World Cup and FIFA Ballon d'Or winner Ronaldinho , Brazil national team and Bayern Munich winger Douglas Costa , Liverpool midfielder Lucas Leiva and current first team players Marcelo Grohe and Luan , among many others . The club has a large academy training complex , named CT Presidente Hélio Dourado , based in Eldorado do Sul , in the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre , which includes a small stadium where all the youth teams play their home games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fabe14197a2b8d5a0db7cda1b70d6f85", "text": "Diego Forlán Diego Forlán Corazzo ( -LSB- ˈdjeɣo forˈlan -RSB- ; born 19 May 1979 ) is a Uruguayan footballer who plays as a forward for Indian Super League club Mumbai City FC . He is a two-time winner of both the Pichichi Trophy and the European Golden Shoe , and also received the Golden Ball as the best player at the 2010 World Cup . He is regarded as one of the greatest Uruguayan players of all time . Forlán joined Argentine club Independiente after rising through their youth team , and after a successful four-year spell , he signed for Manchester United of England . His form for United was not as successful as at Independiente , although he won the Premier League in 2002 -- 03 and the FA Cup in 2003 -- 04 . In the summer of 2004 , he moved on to Spanish side Villarreal . In his first season in Spanish football with Villarreal , Forlán scored 25 league goals and won the Pichichi Trophy . After two more successful seasons with Villarreal , Forlán joined Atlético Madrid , where he once again became the league 's top scorer , and became the first player to win the Pichichi Trophy twice since Ronaldo achieved this feat in the 2003 -- 04 season . Forlán scored in Atlético 's 2010 Europa League final victory against Fulham . In 2011 , he joined Inter Milan of Italy before moving to Internacional in 2012 . Forlán also had a successful international career , scoring 36 times for his country since his 2002 debut , including one at the 2002 FIFA World Cup . He was the joint top scorer by scoring five times as Uruguay came fourth at the 2010 World Cup , being recognised with the Golden Ball award for the best player at the tournament . On 12 July 2011 , at the 2011 Copa América in Argentina , Forlán earned his 79th international cap , against Mexico , breaking the record held by former goalkeeper Rodolfo Rodríguez since 1986 . On 20 June 2013 , in a match against Nigeria at the 2013 Confederations Cup , he became the first Uruguayan to win 100 caps . With 36 goals , Forlán was Uruguay 's all-time leading top scorer from 2011 until Luis Suárez overtook him two years later . He retired from international football on 11 March 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d68c4daa2f1f5e51c4a5e3c18ab852e9", "text": "Association football culture Association football culture refers to the cultural aspects surrounding the game of association football . In many countries , football has ingrained itself into the national culture , and parts of life may revolve around it . Many countries have daily football newspapers , as well as football magazines . Football players , especially in the top levels of the game , have become role models for people . The FIFA World Cup held every four years is the quintessential football event , combining the greatest players in the world and the passion of the fans . Football has a long and glorious history , with which a vast and diverse culture has emerged . The culture of football can be easily divided into how the players , fans and clubs see the sport .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "337cd3565bac4dbcd41d959fb7185670", "text": "Clairefontaine (football) Le Centre Technique National Fernand Sastre ( Fernand Sastre National Technical Centre ) , commonly referred to as INF Clairefontaine ( `` Institut national du football de Clairefontaine '' ) , INF , or simply Clairefontaine , is the national football centre that specializes in training French football players . The academy is one of twelve élite academies located in and around France that are supervised by the French Football Federation ( FFF ) . Only the best players from the Île-de-France région train at the Clairefontaine academy . The eleven other academies are situated in Castelmaurou , Châteauroux , Liévin , Dijon , Marseille , Ploufragan , Vichy and Reims , Réunion , Saint-Sébastien-sur-Loire , and Talence . Clairefontaine opened in 1988 and is named after Fernand Sastre , the president of the FFF from 1972 -- 1984 . The academy is located 50 km southwest of Paris at Clairefontaine-en-Yvelines and is one of the best known football academies in the world . It has a high reputation of producing some of the most gifted French players including Nicolas Anelka , Louis Saha , William Gallas , Hatem Ben Arfa , Abou Diaby , Sébastien Bassong , Mehdi Benatia , Blaise Matuidi , Kylian Mbappe , Olivier Giroud and national team top scorer Thierry Henry . The academy is also used to house the national football teams of France and the centre drew media spotlight following its usage as a base camp by the France team that won the 1998 FIFA World Cup .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "90a86e787a5094297dd9fc7461dcc68d", "text": "Slovakia at the FIFA World Cup This is a record of Slovakia 's results at the FIFA World Cup . The FIFA World Cup , sometimes called the Football World Cup or the Soccer World Cup , but usually referred to simply as the World Cup , is an international association football competition contested by the men 's national teams of the members of Fédération Internationale de Football Association ( FIFA ) , the sport 's global governing body . The championship has been awarded every four years since the first tournament in 1930 , except in 1942 and 1946 , due to World War II . The tournament consists of two parts , the qualification phase and the final phase ( officially called the World Cup Finals ) . The qualification phase , which currently take place over the three years preceding the Finals , is used to determine which teams qualify for the Finals . The current format of the Finals involves 32 teams competing for the title , at venues within the host nation ( or nations ) over a period of about a month . The World Cup Finals is the most widely viewed sporting event in the world , with an estimated 715.1 million people watching the 2006 tournament final . Slovakia have appeared in the finals of the FIFA World Cup on one occasion in 2010 where they reached the second round .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "72683e379a49251fc1f5f3e7fd32a014", "text": "Brazilian Miracle The Brazilian Miracle refers to a period of exceptional economic growth in Brazil during the rule of the Brazilian military government . During this time the average annual GDP growth was close to 10 % . Although there is no universally-accepted definition of this period , it is generally regarded to have lasted from 1968 until 1980 with the greatest growth reached during the tenure of President Emílio Garrastazu Médici from 1969 to 1973 . Perception of the so-called golden age of Brazilian development was strengthened in 1970 , when Brazil for the third time won the FIFA World Cup , and the official adoption of the slogan `` Brasil , ame-o ou deixe-o '' ( `` Brazil , love it or leave it '' ) by the Brazilian military government .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e979806df9a9af0cb1108f488955f9d", "text": "Football in Ivory Coast Football is a popular sport in Côte d'Ivoire . The national team won the Africa Cup of Nations in Senegal in 1992 . In 2006 they participated in the 2006 World Cup in Germany . The youth national teams have also done well in world championships , and the clubs from Côte d'Ivoire have won several continental titles . Among famous players from the country are Kolo Touré of Liverpool , Chelsea striker and former national team captain , Didier Drogba , Wilfried Bony and Yaya Touré of Manchester City , Gervinho and Seydou Doumbia of Roma , and Salomon Kalou of Hertha Berlin . The Ivory Coast national team won a second African cup of nations in 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c1c4875272d249cf29398574019932b", "text": "Senegal at the FIFA World Cup This is a record of Senegal 's results at the FIFA World Cup . The FIFA World Cup , sometimes called the Football World Cup or the Soccer World Cup , but usually referred to simply as the World Cup , is an international association football competition contested by the men 's national teams of the members of Fédération Internationale de Football Association ( FIFA ) , the sport 's global governing body . The championship has been awarded every four years since the first tournament in 1930 , except in 1942 and 1946 , due to World War II . The tournament consists of two parts , the qualification phase and the final phase ( officially called the World Cup Finals ) . The qualification phase , which currently take place over the three years preceding the Finals , is used to determine which teams qualify for the Finals . The current format of the Finals involves 32 teams competing for the title , at venues within the host nation ( or nations ) over a period of about a month . The World Cup Finals is the most widely viewed sporting event in the world , with an estimated 715.1 million people watching the 2006 tournament final . Senegal have appeared in the finals of the FIFA World Cup on one occasion in 2002 where they reached the quarter finals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3afdf64add3218deecbc1fd97aa57f5", "text": "Ronaldo (Brazilian footballer) Ronaldo Luís Nazário de Lima ( -LSB- ʁoˈnawðu ˈlwiʒ nɐˈzaɾju dʒ ˈɫĩmɐ -RSB- ; born 18 September 1976 ) , commonly known as Ronaldo , is a Brazilian retired professional footballer who played as a striker . Popularly dubbed `` The Phenomenon , '' he is widely considered to be one of the greatest football players of all time . A three-time FIFA World Player of the Year and two-time Ballon d'Or recipient , Ronaldo , in his 1990s prime , was known for his dribbling at speed , feints and clinical finishing . He was named in the FIFA 100 , a list of the greatest living players compiled in 2004 , and was inducted into the Brazilian Football Museum Hall of Fame and the Italian Football Hall of Fame . Ronaldo played for Brazil in 98 matches , scoring 62 goals , and is the second-highest goalscorer for his national team , trailing only Pelé . At age 17 , Ronaldo was the youngest member of the Brazilian squad that won the 1994 FIFA World Cup . At the 1998 World Cup , he received the Golden Ball for player of the tournament in helping Brazil reach the final where he suffered a convulsive fit hours before the defeat to France . He won a second World Cup in 2002 where he starred in a front three with Ronaldinho and Rivaldo . Ronaldo scored twice in the final , and received the Golden Boot as tournament 's top goalscorer . During the 2006 FIFA World Cup , Ronaldo scored his 15th World Cup goal , which was a World Cup record at the time . At his physical peak in the 1990s , Ronaldo starred at club level for Cruzeiro , PSV , Barcelona and Inter Milan . His moves to Spain and Italy made him only the second player , after Diego Maradona , to break the world transfer record twice , all before his 21st birthday . At age 23 , he had scored over 200 goals for club and country . After almost three years of inactivity due to serious knee injuries and recuperation , Ronaldo joined Real Madrid in 2002 , which was followed by spells at A.C. Milan and Corinthians . Having suffered further injuries , Ronaldo retired from professional football in 2011 . Post-retirement , he has continued his work as a United Nations Development Programme Goodwill Ambassador , a position to which he was appointed in 2000 . He served as an ambassador for the 2014 FIFA World Cup .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "251b7815be56efc94289d33efec88c74", "text": "2006 FIFA World Cup officials Match officials for the 2006 FIFA World Cup were nominated by the six confederations to FIFA , who , after a series of tests in Frankfurt/Neu-Isenburg in March 2006 , selected 23 referees and a support and development group of a further 5 , from a shortlist of 44 . Kyros Vassaras of Greece and Manuel Mejuto of Spain were selected to be on the panel , but the assistants who were to make up their teams were not deemed to have reached the required standards , and so they were replaced by Roberto Rosetti and Luis Medina . Jamaican referee Peter Prendergast was selected for the tournament panel , but suffered a knee injury and was removed from the list without replacement . Massimo De Santis of Italy was also on the panel of 23 referees , but after he was implicated in the Serie A match-fixing allegations , he was withdrawn by the Italian Football Federation and not replaced . The 21 referees , along with their assistants and the support group , are based in Neu-Isenburg for the duration of the tournament . FIFA announces the referees selected for each fixture three days in advance of the match . Horacio Elizondo was chosen to officiate the final match , which took place in Berlin on July 9 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1364662446b1e3b58a79336f052a9591", "text": "Marcelo (footballer, born 1988) Marcelo Vieira da Silva Júnior ( born 12 May 1988 ) , known as Marcelo , is a Brazilian professional footballer for Spanish club Real Madrid and the Brazil national team . He plays mainly at left back but can also operate as a left winger . He is frequently compared to Roberto Carlos , who himself said Marcelo was his heir , the world 's best left back and that `` Marcelo possesses a better technical ability than me '' . After his breakthrough season , Marcelo was praised by football legends such as Paolo Maldini and Diego Maradona , who also called him the best in his position .", "title": "" } ]