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[ { "docid": "657adbc6c17f214c385161ad7858673d", "text": "The Suite Life Movie The Suite Life Movie is a 2011 science fiction comedy-drama film directed by Sean McNamara , written by Michael Saltzman , and starring Dylan and Cole Sprouse , Brenda Song , Debby Ryan , Matthew Timmons , John Ducey , Matthew Glave , and Phill Lewis . The Disney Channel Original Movie is based on the pair of Disney Channel sitcoms The Suite Life of Zack & Cody and The Suite Life on Deck created by Danny Kallis and Jim Geoghan . Dylan and Cole Sprouse were also co-producers for the movie . The film premiered on March 25 , 2011 on the Disney Channel . A sneak peek was shown during the Disney Channel Shake It Up New Year 's event .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "710d67a57f306d66af1e69553c57b4ac", "text": "The Man Without a Face The Man Without a Face is a 1993 American drama film starring and directed by Mel Gibson , in his directorial debut . The film is based on Isabelle Holland 's 1972 novel of the same name . Gibson 's direction received respectful reviews from most critics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a6a774a4117bd87d0f28b411cec1070a", "text": "Jon Avnet Jonathan Michael Avnet ( born November 17 , 1949 ) , better known as Jon Avnet , is an American director , writer and producer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d4b359862450a7cf88cacc628c98e95", "text": "Bookwriter The bookwriter is the member of a musical 's writing team who creates the book -- the musical 's plot , character development , and dramatic structure . Essentially , the bookwriter is the playwright of the musical . He or she works very closely in collaboration with the lyricist and composer to create an integrated piece of drama . There is a common misconception that the bookwriter merely writes the dialogue ; though the book does include the musical 's spoken text , it is much more than that , defining and organizing the dramatic action of the entire piece , including action that is musicalized by the songwriter ( s ) . Even `` sung-through , '' `` operatic , '' or `` through-composed '' musicals , where there is little , if any , spoken text , require as much contribution from a bookwriter as do musicals with extensive dialogue scenes . The bookwriter is often also the musical 's lyricist , composer , or director . Category : Occupations in music", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b069f5970d9c8f67de4a7fadf7abd69b", "text": "Dee Caruso Dee Caruso ( April 7 , 1929 -- May 27 , 2012 ) was an American television and film screenwriter and television producer , whose credits included Get Smart , The Monkees and The Smothers Brothers Show . Caruso and his longtime writing partner , Gerald Gardner , frequently collaborated on projects . The writing duo were the head writers for the 1960s television comedy series , Get Smart . Caruso began his career by writing for stand-up comedians at nightclubs , including Don Adams and Allen & Rossi , the comedy team of Marty Allen and Steve Rossi . Caruso and writing partner , Gerald Gardner , were head writers for Get Smart . They duo continued to collaborate on projects throughout their career . Caruso and Gardner wrote 22 episodes of The Monkees , which aired from 1966 to 1968 . In 1965 , Caruso and Gardner were part of the writing staff which won an Emmy for their work on David Frost 's That Was The Week That Was . They co-produced The Red Skelton Show . Together , they wrote other episodes of The Smothers Brothers Show , What 's Happening !! , The Ghost & Mrs. Muir , Happy Days and The Bill Cosby Show . Caruso and Gardner co-wrote a 1966 episode of Gilligan 's Island , `` The Producer , '' which guest starred Phil Silvers . Caruso and Gardner co-wrote television specials for Jerry Lewis , Bill Cosby , Robin Williams , Debbie Reynolds , Don Rickles and Jack Benny . Additionally , the pair wrote several television films , including Break Up , which starred Bernadette Peters in 1973 ; and How to Break Up a Happy Divorce , a 1976 NBC television movie starring Barbara Eden , which the duo also produced . Dee Caruso and Gardner also worked on several feature film projects . They co-wrote Which Way to the Front ? , a 1970 satirical war flick starring Jerry Lewis ; The World 's Greatest Athlete , a 1973 Walt Disney production starring John Amos and Jan-Michael Vincent ; and Doin ' Time , a 1985 Warner Brothers film . Caruso and his wife , Sandra Caruso , co-taught a class , called `` What 's Funny , What 's Not , '' for ten years at the UCLA Extension Writers ' Program . Caruso then became a screenwriting professor at the UCLA School of Theater , Film and Television , where he taught for more than twenty years . Dee Caruso died of pneumonia at his home in Brentwood , Los Angeles , on May 27 , 2012 , at the age of 83 . He was survived by his wife of 47 years , Sandra Caruso . His memorial service was held at the Pierce Brothers Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery in Los Angeles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac266bc8a1c71a7b9a42f4f2b8f2482a", "text": "Muriel Box Muriel Box ( 22 September 1905 -- 18 May 1991 ) was an Oscar-winning English screenwriter and director . She was born Violette Muriel Baker in Tolworth , Surrey , England in 1905 . When her attempts at acting and dancing proved to be unsuccessful , she accepted work as a continuity girl for British International Pictures . In 1935 , she met and married journalist Sydney Box , with whom she collaborated on nearly forty plays with mainly female roles for amateur theatre groups . Their production company , Verity Films , first released short propaganda films , including The English Inn ( 1941 ) , her first directing effort , after which it branched into fiction . The couple achieved their greatest joint success with The Seventh Veil ( 1945 ) for which they gained the Academy Award for Best Writing , Original Screenplay in the following year . After the war , the Rank Organisation hired her husband to head Gainsborough Pictures , where she was in charge of the scenario department , writing scripts for a number of light comedies , including two for child star Petula Clark , Easy Money and Here Come the Huggetts ( both 1948 ) . She occasionally assisted as a dialogue director , or re-shot scenes during post-production . Her extensive work on The Lost People ( 1949 ) gained her a credit as co-director , her first for a full-length feature . In 1951 , her husband created London Independent Producers , allowing Box more opportunities to direct . Many of her early films were adaptations of plays , and as such had a stage-bound feel , since she rarely shot on location . They were noteworthy more for their strong performances than they were for a distinctive directorial style . She favoured scripts with topical and frequently controversial themes , including Irish politics , teenage sex , abortion , illegitimacy , and syphilis , and several of her films were banned by local authorities . She pursued her favorite subject -- the female experience -- in a number of films , including Street Corner ( 1953 ) about women police officers , Somerset Maugham 's The Beachcomber ( 1954 ) , with Donald Sinden and Glynis Johns as a resourceful missionary , again working with Donald Sinden on Eyewitness ( 1956 ) and a series of comedies about the battle of the sexes , including The Passionate Stranger ( 1957 ) , The Truth About Women ( 1958 ) and her final film , Rattle of a Simple Man ( 1964 ) . Box often experienced prejudice in a male-dominated industry , especially hurtful when perpetrated by another female . In 1950 , Jean Simmons had her replaced on So Long at the Fair , and Kay Kendall unsuccessfully attempted to do the same with Simon and Laura ( 1955 ) . Many producers questioned her competence to direct large-scale feature films , and while the press was quick to note her position as one of very few women directors in the British film industry , their tone tended to be condescending rather than filled with praise . She left film-making to write novels and created a successful publishing house , Femina , which proved to be a rewarding outlet for her feminism . She divorced Sydney Box in 1969 . The following year , she married Gerald Gardiner , who had been Lord Chancellor . She died in Hendon , London in 1991 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "555a5a7dac15c21d26de7b759baddecc", "text": "Sidney Sheldon Sidney Sheldon ( February 11 , 1917 -- January 30 , 2007 ) was an American writer and producer . He came to prominence in the 1930s , first working on Broadway plays and then in motion pictures , notably writing the successful comedy The Bachelor and the Bobby Soxer ( 1947 ) which earned him an Academy Award . He went on to work in television , where his works spanned a 20-year period during which he created The Patty Duke Show ( 1963 -- 66 ) , I Dream of Jeannie ( 1965 -- 70 ) and Hart to Hart ( 1979 -- 84 ) . He became most famous after he turned 50 and began writing best-selling romantic suspense novels , such as Master of the Game ( 1982 ) , The Other Side of Midnight ( 1973 ) and Rage of Angels ( 1980 ) . He is the seventh best selling fiction writer of all time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ed9216be280d21e34ecbac10326a14b", "text": "David Swift (director) David `` Dave '' Swift ( July 27 , 1919 -- December 31 , 2001 ) was an American screenwriter , animator , director , and producer . He is best known for writing the screenplay for the 1967 film , How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying . Swift also worked as an animator and filmmaker at The Walt Disney Studio where he adapted the story of Pollyanna for the screen and wrote and directed The Parent Trap ( 1961 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d4098de83df3c6dc3e641128a4dc91cc", "text": "Bruce Kimmel Bruce Kimmel ( born December 8 , 1947 ) , also known as Guy Haines , is an actor , writer , director , composer , and Grammy-nominated CD producer . Kimmel lives in Los Angeles . He is long divorced , and has one daughter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc4be251114d41374bb92b55f89b5bfb", "text": "Without Love (film) Without Love is a 1942 play by Philip Barry , later made into a 1945 romantic comedy film starring Spencer Tracy and Katharine Hepburn . The film was directed by Harold S. Bucquet from a screenplay by Donald Ogden Stewart based on the Barry play . Lucille Ball also stars in the film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af1b8554ee1cd512e905fa22d750f13a", "text": "Ken Eklund Ken Eklund ( born May 17 , 1957 ) is an American game and experience designer known as Writerguy . He is perhaps most famous for World Without Oil , an early `` serious game '' in the alternate reality game genre he created and ran in 2007 . His recent projects `` explore the positive social effects of collaborative experiences and open-ended , creative play . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3714e66923cec736f947a9de7bd5357d", "text": "Love Story (novel) Love Story is a 1970 romance novel by American writer Erich Segal . The book 's origins lay in a screenplay that Segal wrote , and that was subsequently approved for production by Paramount Pictures . Paramount requested that Segal adapt the story into novel form as a preview of sorts for the film . The novel was released on February 14 , 1970 , Valentine 's Day . Portions of the story originally appeared in The Ladies ' Home Journal . Love Story became the top-selling work of fiction for all of 1970 in the United States , and was translated into more than 20 languages . The novel stayed for 41 weeks in The New York Times Best Seller list , reaching the top spot . A sequel , Oliver 's Story , was published in 1977 . The film ( Love Story ) was released on December 16 , 1970 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "533577062f6b997466aec7203c904e29", "text": "Christopher Cook (writer) Christopher LaVaughn Cook ( born August 3 , 1952 ) is an American writer whose writing styles and genres include journalism , non-fiction , scriptwriting and fiction , including short stories , novellas and novels .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0893fdb21ce44010162e5fd76088021d", "text": "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody The Suite Life of Zack & Cody is an American sitcom created by Danny Kallis and Jim Geoghan . The series was first broadcast on Disney Channel on March 18 , 2005 , with 4 million viewers , making it the most successful premiere for Disney Channel in 2005 . It was one of their first five shows available on the iTunes Store . The series was nominated for an Emmy Award three times and was nominated for a Nickelodeon Kids ' Choice Award three times . The show was also a long-standing staple of the now defunct ABC Kids Saturday morning block on ABC . The series is set in the Tipton Hotel in Boston and centers on Zack Martin and Cody Martin ( Dylan and Cole Sprouse ) , troublesome twins who live at the Tipton Hotel . The series ' other main characters include the Tipton hotel 's ditzy heiress London Tipton ( Brenda Song ) , the hotel 's candy counter girl Maddie Fitzpatrick ( Ashley Tisdale ) , the manager , Mr. Marion Moseby ( Phill Lewis ) , and the boys ' single mother who is also the Hotel 's lounge singer , Carey Martin ( Kim Rhodes ) . The series is the third Disney Channel Original to have more than 65 episodes , after That 's So Raven and Kim Possible . Reruns aired on Disney XD and on the Watch Disney XD app . Reruns of the show aired on Disney Channel until April 14 , 2017 . The Suite Life spawned a sequel series , also starring the Sprouse twins in their respective roles as Zack and Cody , called The Suite Life on Deck , which aired on the Disney Channel from 2008 to 2011 . A TV movie based on both series , The Suite Life Movie , premiered on Disney Channel on March 25 , 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2498df2be06f147eef7e5406a3a57353", "text": "Nanci Kincaid Nanci Kincaid is an American novelist who wrote a short story collection titled Pretending the Bed Is a Raft ( 1987 ) , as well as novels Crossing Blood ( 1991 ) , Balls ( 1999 ) , Verbena ( 2002 ) , and As Hot As It Was You Ought to Thank Me ( 2005 ) . The film My Life Without Me was based on the title story in Pretending the Bed Is a Raft . Her most recent novel is `` Eat , Drink , and be from Mississippi '' ( Little , Brown , 2009 ) . She was born in Tallahassee , Florida and now lives in Honolulu , Hawaii , and San Jose , California with her husband , San Jose State University football coach Dick Tomey . She was previously married to former University of Wyoming and Arkansas State University football coach Al Kincaid Kincaid claims Alabama as her home state and much of her fiction is set there , but she has also lived in various cities across multiple states .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a752267fb8e9c3979484a6db948966c5", "text": "John Gay (screenwriter) John Gay ( April 1 , 1924 -- February 4 , 2017 ) was an American screenwriter . Born in Whittier , California , Gay began his career writing episodes for television anthology series such as Lux Video Theatre , Kraft Television Theatre , and Goodyear Television Playhouse . He made his film screenwriting debut in 1956 with Run Silent Run Deep . Additional screen credits include Separate Tables , Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse , The Courtship of Eddie 's Father , The Hallelujah Trail , No Way to Treat a Lady , Soldier Blue , Sometimes a Great Notion , and A Matter of Time . For television , Gay has adapted numerous literary classics , including The Red Badge of Courage , Captains Courageous , Les Misérables , A Tale of Two Cities , The Hunchback of Notre Dame , Ivanhoe , Uncle Tom 's Cabin , and Around the World in 80 Days . He also wrote television biopics of Howard Hughes , George Armstrong Custer , Caryl Chessman , and Adolf Hitler ; small screen remakes of Dial M for Murder , Witness for the Prosecution , Inherit the Wind , and Shadow of a Doubt ; adaptations of the bestsellers Fatal Vision and Blind Faith by Joe McGinniss and The Burden of Proof by Scott Turow ; and the television movie A Piano for Mrs. Cimino starring Bette Davis . Gay also wrote the one-man play Diversions and Delights , in which Oscar Wilde presents a lecture about his career to a Parisian audience in November 1899 . With Vincent Price portraying Wilde , the play premiered in San Francisco in July 1977 and toured more than 300 cities during the next three years . Gay was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay and the Writers Guild of America Award for Best Adapted Screenplay for Separate Tables . He has been nominated once for the Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing in a Limited Series or a Special and three times for the Edgar Award for Best Television Feature or Miniseries . Gay wrote the memoir Any Way I Can : 50 Years in Show Business with his daughter Jennifer Gay Summers . Gay died in Santa Monica , California , on February 4 , 2017 , at age 92 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55bb02ada04d62b0c0acac27ab14fe77", "text": "Paddy Chayefsky Sidney Aaron `` Paddy '' Chayefsky ( January 29 , 1923 -- August 1 , 1981 ) was an American playwright , screenwriter and novelist . He is the only person to have won three solo Academy Awards for Best Screenplay ( the other three-time winners , Francis Ford Coppola , Charles Brackett , Woody Allen and Billy Wilder , have all shared their awards with co-writers ) . He was considered one of the most renowned dramatists of the so-called Golden Age of Television . His intimate , realistic scripts provided a naturalistic style of television drama for the 1950s , and he was regarded as the central figure in the `` kitchen sink realism '' movement of American television . Martin Gottfried wrote in All His Jazz that Chayefsky `` was a successful writer , the most successful graduate of television 's slice of life school of naturalism . '' Following his critically acclaimed teleplays , Chayefsky continued to succeed as a playwright and novelist . As a screenwriter , he received three Academy Awards for Marty ( 1955 ) , The Hospital ( 1971 ) and Network ( 1976 ) . The movie Marty was based on his own television drama about two lonely people finding love . Network was his scathing satire of the television industry and The Hospital was also satiric . Film historian David Thomson called The Hospital `` years ahead of its time . -LSB- ... -RSB- Few films capture the disaster of America 's self-destructive idealism so well . '' His screenplay for Network is often regarded as his masterpiece , and has been hailed as `` the kind of literate , darkly funny and breathtakingly prescient material that prompts many to claim it as the greatest screenplay of the 20th century . '' Chayefsky 's early stories were frequently influenced by the author 's childhood in The Bronx . Chayefsky was part of the inaugural class of inductees into the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences ' Television Hall of Fame . He received this honor three years after his death , in 1984 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e45124a139862c98d0e610aef56c801", "text": "My So-Called Career in Hollywood My So-Called Career in Hollywood is a darkly comedic `` roman à clé '' autobiography of an ill-fated TV writer named E. Klass , who tried - unsuccessfully - to sell a TV script in Hollywood for more than four decades , without every achieving success throughout his entire ` so-called ' career . The book chronicles Ellery 's relentless efforts to break into the industry , and his long-time relationship with his small-time , literary agent , as E. details his exploits working on - and being fired from - such classic TV shows as Lost in Space ( 1965 -- 68 ) , Land of the Giants ( 1968 -- 70 ) , Gilligan 's Island , The Andy Griffith Show , and The Partridge Family to name a few , and while the character of E.Klass may be fictitious , his accounts detailed in the book are all based on true fact , making this book a rare inside look at television production of that era . My So-Called Career in Hollywood , published in 2005 , was in fact written by Hollywood actor/screenwriter Timothy Williams.Published in October 2005 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dfdd3baccce39c4da041cbb8dafe4de4", "text": "Elizabeth Nickson Elizabeth Nickson is a Canadian writer and journalist . In the late 1980s and early 1990s , she was European bureau chief of Life magazine . In 2002 , Elizabeth Nickson 's column at the National Post was terminated due to a case of plagiarism . Canada 's National Post has dismissed a columnist due to concerns over plagiarism . The news broke in an Editor 's Note the paper ran on Friday : `` In freelancer Elizabeth Nickson 's column in the National Post of May 31 , 2002 , the following words should have been attributed to Jonah Goldberg of National Review Online : `` Kim Basinger is ` allergic ' to the sun and requires an assistant to carry an umbrella to protect her on the off chance she might be exposed to dangerous solar radiation . Sylvester Stallone once refused to continue with an interview until his hotel room was painted a more ` likable ' peach . Mike Myers almost quit the filming of Wayne 's World because he did n't have any margarine for his bagel . Sean Penn made an assistant swim the dangerous and polluted currents of New York 's East River just to bring him a cigarette . Jennifer Lopez is just one of the many stars who does not permit her employees to look her in the eyes . '' These sentences , as they appeared in Ms. Nickson 's column published two and a half years ago , were slightly revised from Mr. Goldberg 's original article that appeared a year earlier in 2001 . The National Post regrets the omission of the attribution to Mr. Goldberg and the National Review . While Ms. Nickson indicated that her failure to attribute the passage was inadvertent , the Post has decided to discontinue her weekly freelance column . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad5d40f9c22c379a2ca99608aae68045", "text": "Chris Thompson (TV producer) Chris Thompson ( 1952 -- June 26 , 2015 ) was an American television writer , producer and director . Since 1977 , he wrote and produced for the television series Laverne & Shirley and The Larry Sanders Show . He had also created , written and produced Bosom Buddies , The Naked Truth , Action , Ladies Man and the Disney Channel original series , Shake It Up ! , as well co-written the feature films Jumpin ' Jack Flash and Back to the Beach .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d875ce99373262eb813192dfa0e54f8", "text": "The Moviegoer (album) The Moviegoer is the seventh studio album by the American solo artist Scott Walker . It was released in October 1972 but failed to chart . No singles were released from the album , though `` This Way Mary '' was later released as a b-side to Walker 's 1973 single `` The Me I Never Knew '' . The album consists solely of renditions of film theme songs originally performed by other artists . The album was the first of six studio albums ( the last two as The Walker Brothers ) in which Walker did not contribute original material . Having lost creative control of his music after the commercial failures of his previous two studio albums Scott 4 and 'Til the Band Comes In , Walker was tasked with recording `` inoffensive , middle-of-the-road material that could be easily processed , marketed and sold '' . By way of compromise Walker had some say in the song selection and drew together a selection of themes from some of his favourite films . The album was recorded quickly in the autumn of 1972 with Walker 's usual studio team consisting of producer Johnny Franz and engineer Peter J. Olliff . In a change from previous work , Robert Cornford was brought-in to produce the orchestral arrangements . Despite a push for commercial viability the album received negative reviews when released as an LP in October 1972 . The album was re-issued in 1975 by Contour record label with new sleeve art . The album has since been deleted and has not been reissued .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "ea74ffc462371a2c88c428d952b19da8", "text": "Marilyn Burns Marilyn Burns ; ( born Mary Lynn Ann Burns ; May 7 , 1949 -- August 5 , 2014 ) was an American actress who became known for her role as Sally Hardesty in the Texas Chainsaw Massacre film series . Her other film roles included Eaten Alive ( 1977 ) and Future-Kill ( 1985 ) . She is also known for portraying Linda Kasabian in the three-time Emmy-nominated television film Helter Skelter ( 1976 ) .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "1333396c5c79152a8a6bf303e0e30095", "text": "The Texas Chainsaw Massacre (2003 film) The Texas Chainsaw Massacre is a 2003 American slasher film , and a remake of The Texas Chain Saw Massacre . The fifth entry in the Texas Chainsaw Massacre franchise , the film was directed by Marcus Nispel , written by Scott Kosar , and produced by Michael Bay . It was also co-produced by Kim Henkel and Tobe Hooper , co-creators of the original 1974 film . TCM is the first of many horror remakes to come from Michael Bay 's Platinum Dunes production company which also released the remakes The Amityville Horror , The Hitcher , Friday the 13th , and A Nightmare on Elm Street . Though met with negative reception from critics , the film was well received by fans , and grossed $ 107 million worldwide above its $ 9.5 million budget , making it a strong financial success . A prequel was released in 2006 , titled The Texas Chainsaw Massacre : The Beginning .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9815e19cc4745d4e084a88a89f6d417e", "text": "Marilyn (1963 film) Marilyn is a 1963 documentary film based on the life of the 1950s sex symbol Marilyn Monroe . The film , directed by Harold Medford , was released by 20th Century Fox , and was narrated by Rock Hudson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55def0051b3331ed5817352ae7566417", "text": "James Anderson (American actor) James Anderson ( July 13 , 1921 -- September 14 , 1969 ) , sometimes billed as Kyle James , was an American television and film actor of the 1950s and 1960s . He is probably best known for his role as Robert E. Lee `` Bob '' Ewell in To Kill a Mockingbird ( 1962 ) . He made over 120 appearances , mostly in television and several films between 1941 and 1969 . He made three guest appearances on Perry Mason , including the role of murder victim Frank Anderson in the 1958 episode , `` The Case of the Pint-Sized Client , '' and murder victim Stanley Piper in the 1960 episode , `` The Case of the Ill-Fated Faker . '' He appeared in a number of westerns throughout his career , often playing a gun-for-hire or outlaw . He died of a heart attack on September 14 , 1969 . Two films he appeared in The Ballad of Cable Hogue ( 1969 ) and Little Big Man ( 1970 ) were released posthumously . His sister , Mary Anderson ( April 3 , 1918 -- April 6 , 2014 ) , was also an actress . They appeared in only one film together , Hunt the Man Down ( 1951 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3982d9bb162e1da4da705504eb978254", "text": "Charles Manson Superstar Charles Manson Superstar is a documentary film about Charles Manson , directed by Nikolas Schreck in 1989 . Most of the documentary ( the entire interview ) was filmed inside San Quentin Prison . Schreck and Zeena narrated the segments while images were shown , and music played in the background . There was brief footage of Spahn Ranch , and a short clip of James M. Mason being interviewed about the Universal Order , and Manson . Olivier Messiaen 's `` Death and Resurrection , '' Bobby Beausoleil 's `` Lucifer Rising , '' Krzysztof Penderecki 's `` Apocalypsis , '' Biff Rose 's `` Fill Your Heart '' ( Tiny Tim 's version ) and Anton LaVey 's `` The Satanic Mass , '' and Manson 's own songs `` Clang Bang Clang '' and `` Mechanical Man '' from the album Lie : The Love and Terror Cult , were played during the film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b3ad3bec5555866c8bdd1f949d59c61", "text": "Heartburn (novel) Heartburn is an autobiographical novel based on Nora Ephron 's life story about her marriage to and divorce from Carl Bernstein , her second husband . Originally published in 1983 , the novel largely focuses on his affair with Margaret Jay , the daughter of former British Prime Minister James Callaghan . Ephron also wrote the screenplay for the film based on the novel starring Meryl Streep and Jack Nicholson . The novel is a vivid depiction of the breakdown of a marriage . Its strong autobiographical content provides insight into one of the `` power couples '' of the late 1970s . It is Nora Ephron 's first published novel but in it she mentions subjects that she would go on to feature in future work such as When Harry Met Sally and Julie & Julia . The narrator of the novel is Rachel Samstat , a food writer who is married to Mark Feldman , a political journalist . Rachel is a Jewish New Yorker who has moved to Washington , D.C. , to support her husband 's career . They have one son and Rachel is pregnant with their second child as the book begins . The book wittily describes the life of an upper middle class intellectual couple replete with neuroses -- Rachel is in group therapy , Mark agonizes over the mystifying disappearance of his socks . Threaded through the whole are recipes and anecdotes which drive the story along and humanize Samstat . In a New Yorker piece on novels that include recipes , Adam Gopnik writes , `` in Heartburn , the recipes serve both as a joke about what a food writer writing a novel would write and as a joke on novel-writing itself by someone who anticipates that she will not be treated as a ` real ' novelist . '' Rachel 's self-esteem takes a huge battering as Mark has an affair with Thelma Rice ( Margaret Jay ) and she takes her revenge by telling the Washington grapevine that Thelma has a venereal disease . The diamond engagement ring that is stolen from Rachel when she is at group therapy is pivotal to the plot . Remarkably she gets it back when the police catch the robber . The stone is loose in its setting and she takes it back to the `` family '' jeweler to get it fixed . Here she discovers that while she had been in the hospital giving birth , Mark had bought an expensive necklace for his lover Thelma . She sells the ring and the money enables her to go back to New York and start afresh .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "784dd7c4224c27c8fec411be34921360", "text": "Greenock Blitz The Greenock Blitz is the name given to two nights of intensive bombing of the town of Greenock , Scotland during the Second World War when the Nazi German Luftwaffe attacked on 6 -- 7 May 1941 . The raids targeted the many ships and shipyards around the town but like the Clydebank Blitz the previous March the brunt of the bombing was taken by civilians . Over the two nights 271 people were killed and over 10,200 injured . From a total of 18,000 homes nearly 25,000 suffered damage and 5,000 were destroyed outright . An Air Ministry ` decoy ' behind Loch Thom prevented the number of casualties being even higher . The decoy was lit on the second night of the blitz . It consisted of a large number of mounds of combustible materials scattered over a wide area of the moorland to simulate a burning urban area . Scores of large bomb craters were found after an inspection of the decoy after the air raids . The Blitz began around midnight on 6 May when around fifty bombers attacked the town in an apparently random fashion . Bombs fell all over the town and surrounding area : serious damage being inflicted on East Crawford Street and Belville Street . Many civilians fled to the tunnels in the east end of the town , significantly reducing casualties the next night . Air raid sirens at 12:15 am on 7 May marked the beginning of a second night of bombing . Initially , incendiary bombs were dropped around the perimeter of the town . The second wave attacked primarily the east end and centre of Greenock ; the distillery in Ingleston Street had been set alight in the first wave , providing a huge fire which acted as a beacon for the rest of the bomber force . The final wave came around 2am ; dropping high explosive bombs and parachute land mines which caused widespread destruction . At 3:30 am the `` All Dead '' sounded ; the whole of the town appeared to be in flames . The sugar refineries , distillery and foundries were all extensively damaged , and several churches were left as burnt out shells . However damage to the shipyards was minimal . The George Medal was awarded to three local firemen : Firemaster A.S. Pratten , Sub-Station Officer William Neill and Fireman James Berry who entered a burning building and at great personal risk managed to control a blaze which threatened to destroy a quantity of material essential to the war effort .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "955de93aba8f65459d3c0722dc962680", "text": "Treehouse of Horror IV `` Treehouse of Horror IV '' is the fifth episode of The Simpsons ' fifth season and the fourth episode in the Treehouse of Horror series of Halloween specials . It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on October 28 , 1993 , and features three short stories called `` The Devil and Homer Simpson '' , `` Terror at 5 1/2 Feet '' , and `` Bart Simpson 's Dracula '' . The episode was directed by David Silverman and co-written by Conan O'Brien , Bill Oakley , Josh Weinstein , Greg Daniels , Dan McGrath , and Bill Canterbury . In `` The Devil and Homer Simpson '' , Homer Simpson announces he would sell his soul for a doughnut , and the Devil appears to make a deal with Homer . Homer tries to outsmart the Devil by not finishing the doughnut but eventually eats it and is sent to Hell . A trial is held between Homer and the Devil to determine the rightful owner of Homer 's soul . In `` Terror at 5 1/2 Feet '' , while riding the bus to school , Bart Simpson believes he sees a gremlin taking apart the bus piece by piece . Nobody sees it except for Bart , so he tries to remove it on his own . In `` Bart Simpson 's Dracula '' , Mr. Burns is a vampire and Bart falls victim to his bite . Lisa and the rest of the family go to Burns ' castle to kill Burns so Bart can return to normal . As with the rest of the Halloween specials , the episode is considered non-canon and falls outside of the show 's regular continuity . The episode makes cultural references to television series such as The Twilight Zone , Night Gallery , and Peanuts . References are also made to films such as Bram Stoker 's Dracula and The Lost Boys . Since airing , the episode has received mostly positive reviews from television critics . It acquired a Nielsen rating of 14.5 , and was the highest-rated show on the Fox network the week it aired .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56f630c0c63e12d9d62ea988629c4d00", "text": "Marilyn Sadler Marilyn Sadler is a children 's writer with a deadpan sense of humor . She was born November 17 . One of her best known works was made into a television Disney movie , under the title Zenon : Girl of the 21st Century . That book is about a space girl who is sent to earth and the cultural clashes she finds in her new planet . Subsequently , two additional Zenon films were made , Zenon : The Zequel and Zenon : Z3 . She is also the author of the Alistair books , including Alistair in Outer Space and Alistair Underwater , Alistair 's Elephant , and Alistair 's Time Machine . This series concerns a boy genius whose activities include building a time machine , exploring outer space , and ironing his shoelaces . Other books written by Marilyn Sadler include It 's Not Easy Being a Bunny , P.J. Funnybunny Camps Out , HoneyBunny Funnybunny , The Parkeet Girl , The Very Bad Bunny , Honey Bunny Funnybunny , Money Money Honey Bunny , Honey Bunny 's Honey Bear , PJ The Spoiled Bunny , PJ Funnybunny 's Bag of Tricks , Bedtime for Bunnies , PJ Funnybunny and His Very Cool Birthday Party , Knock Knock It 's PJ Funnybunny , Elizabeth and Larry , Elizabeth Larry and Ed , Bob and John at Lake Kitty Paw Paw , Bob and John in Bad to the Bone , and Chuck Wood and the Woodchucks in The Big Game . Marilyn is also one of the creators of the Disney preschool show Handy Manny . Marilyn 's television credits also include two Reading Rainbow programs featuring Alistair , an Alistair program for the BBC , three ABC Weekend Specials featuring PJ Funnybunny and a show based on her children 's book , Elizabeth and Larry for Showtime 's Shelley Duvall 's Bedtime Stories . She has also illustrated an educational book , produced by the Academy of Economic Education , on economics for kids titled Ump 's Fwat : An Annual Report for Young People .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b98b20b19aaaadf603b2e16af66fb22c", "text": "Hardesty Public School District Hardesty Public School District is a public school district in Hardesty , Texas County , Oklahoma , United States . In 2007 , the Smalkowski family sued Hardesty High School after their daughter was kicked of the basketball team , stating that their daughter 's constitutional rights had been violated by what they argued is endorsement of school prayer and Christianity by the school . The district argued they do not sponsor religious activities and that her removal was for reasons having nothing to do with her atheism .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7dbfde96a4e83cb698c922b3da4d1687", "text": "Adam and Evil (2004 film) Adam and Evil is a 2004 horror film directed by Andrew Van Slee about a group of teens who face a murderer while partying at a camping site . It stars Erica Cerra , James Clayton , and Jodie Graham . Filming began on April 30 , 2003 in Los Angeles and it was released on April 27 , 2004 . The film was released on DVD as Halloween Camp 2 : Scream If You Wan na Die Faster in the United Kingdom . Although there is no plot continuity , the UK name implies a sequel to the 2003 Bloody Murder 2 : Closing Camp , released as Halloween Camp in the UK . This in turn is a sequel to the 2000 slasher movie Bloody Murder .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e792cc903ad83e994718b6c5e13cf424", "text": "Mongrel (film) Mongrel is a 1982 American horror film written and directed by Robert A. Burns . This is the only feature film Burns directed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d7807249c3769f53051856a6f69e0fb", "text": "Buster and Billie Buster and Billie ( 1974 ) is an American motion picture released by Columbia Pictures . The film was of the tragic romance/revenge film genres . It was directed by Daniel Petrie , whose credits include films such as Fort Apache , The Bronx ( 1981 ) . In the title roles were future Airwolf star Jan-Michael Vincent as Buster , and Joan Goodfellow as Billie . In supporting roles , Buster and Billie also featured Pamela Sue Martin of Dynasty fame as Buster 's girlfriend Margie , and Robert Englund , who later shot to fame in the Nightmare on Elm Street film series as Freddy Kreuger , in a small role as Buster 's friend , Whitey . This film is also notable as one of the earliest American mainstream movies to have male frontal nudity . Much of the movie was filmed in Metter , GA , Register , GA and surrounding areas . Townspeople were excited the movie was being filmed and were unaware of the movie 's risque plot or nudity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "adfb781e1d7bf0df497312d2d55fb56e", "text": "A Star Is Burns `` A Star Is Burns '' is the eighteenth episode of The Simpsons ' sixth season . It first aired on the Fox network in the United States on March 5 , 1995 . In the episode , Springfield decides to hold a film festival , and famed critic Jay Sherman is invited to be a judge . The story involves a crossover with the short-lived animated series The Critic . Jay Sherman was the main character on the show . The Critic was created by Al Jean and Mike Reiss , who had previously written for The Simpsons but left following the fourth season , and produced by James L. Brooks , who was also a producer for The Simpsons . The show had premiered on the American Broadcasting Company ( ABC ) network in January 1994 but was canceled despite positive critical reception . The series was switched over to Fox , and put in the timeslot directly after The Simpsons . Brooks pitched a crossover episode as a way to promote The Critic and decided that a film festival would be a good way to introduce Sherman . Matt Groening , creator of The Simpsons , reacted negatively when he heard about this episode , feeling that it was just an advertisement for The Critic , and that people would incorrectly associate the show with him . When he was unsuccessful in getting the program pulled , he had his name removed from the credits and went public with his concerns , openly criticizing James L. Brooks . The episode was directed by Susie Dietter and was the first episode to be written by Ken Keeler . Jon Lovitz , the star of The Critic , guest stars as Jay Sherman , while Maurice LaMarche ( who was also a regular on The Critic ) has a few minor roles . The episode received mixed reviews from critics , many of whom felt the crossover was out of place on the show , although Barney 's film festival entry was well received .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "855c0051d9a5611d180b496c2966beb8", "text": "This Year's Blonde This Year 's Blonde is a 1980 low-budgeted American television drama film , based on the Garson Kanin novel Moviola about 1950s sex symbol Marilyn Monroe . The movie starred Constance Forslund as Monroe Lloyd Bridges as Johnny Hyde and Norman Fell and was presented as part of a 3-night TV special event on NBC called Moviola : A Hollywood Saga . This Year 's Blonde was the first of two TV movies about Monroe in 1980 . The second being , Marilyn : The Untold Story , starring Catherine Hicks . Both movies have been overshadowed by more big-budgeted theatrical films about the star .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "51deea949c56de4e5123f231e7f8961f", "text": "Marilyn Joi Marilyn Joi ( born May 22 , 1945 ) is an American actress who appeared in a number of exploitation films during the 1970s . She starred in several films by Al Adamson including The Naughty Stewardesses ( 1974 ) , Blazing Stewardesses ( 1975 ) and Black Samurai ( 1977 ) , and played the henchwoman Velvet in Ilsa , Harem Keeper of the Oil Sheiks ( 1976 ) , and Cleopatra Schwartz in The Kentucky Fried Movie ( 1977 ) . Among her other film credits were roles in Hit Man ( 1972 ) , Mean Mother ( 1974 ) , The Candy Tangerine Man ( 1975 ) , Mansion of the Doomed ( 1976 ) , The Happy Hooker Goes to Washington ( 1977 ) , Nurse Sherri ( 1978 ) and Galaxina ( 1980 ) . She was often credited as Tracy King , Tracy Ann King and T.A. King .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ae7b11c0e0bc23eebc693684f08a3c6", "text": "Hellzapoppin' (film) Hellzapoppin ' is a 1941 Universal Pictures adaptation of the musical of the same name directed by H.C. Potter . The cast includes Ole Olsen and Chic Johnson ( who produced and starred in it on Broadway ) , Martha Raye , Mischa Auer , Shemp Howard , Whitey 's Lindy Hoppers and The Six Hits . Shemp Howard begins the film as the projectionist of a cinema , displaying on its screen what appears to be the start of a song-and-dance number whose classily dressed performers walk down a staircase - which collapses as in a fun-house ride , sliding them all straight to hell . Demons punish them in various ways . Ole and Chic arrive in the midst of the mayhem by taxi , and after a bit of funny business step back to reveal that it 's a movie sound stage . They work for Miracle Pictures , a company using the slogan `` If it 's a good picture , it 's a Miracle ! '' A mousy screenwriter ( Elisha Cook , Jr. ) outlines his script for the screen adaptation of Hellzapoppin '' ' , and the rest of the movie depicts Cook 's crazy script . Among the topical humor is Johnson picking up a sled named `` Rosebud '' and saying `` I thought they 'd burnt that '' ( Olsen and Johnson were friends of Orson Welles , whose film Citizen Kane closes with Kane 's childhood sled being burnt ) . The film has a frenetic pace , and often breaks the ` Fourth wall ' , including inner ` fourth walls ' introduced by its nonlinear , metafictional narrative . The 1942 Academy Award nomination for Best Song for `` Pig Foot Pete , '' ( which lost to `` White Christmas '' ) , was attributed to Hellzapoppin ' , but the song never appeared in the film -- it was actually performed in another Universal production from the same year , the Abbott and Costello film Keep 'Em Flying . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6561287ebef902162777090e28cf30f7", "text": "I'm from Missouri I 'm from Missouri is a 1939 American comedy film directed by Theodore Reed and written by Duke Atteberry and Jack Moffitt . The film stars Bob Burns , Gladys George , Gene Lockhart , Judith Barrett , William `` Bill '' Henry and Patricia Morison . The film was released on April 7 , 1939 , by Paramount Pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea2b0e222722956365c0bd0743493785", "text": "Sins of the Father (2002 film) Sins of the Father is a 2002 American docudrama directed by Robert Dornhelm . The teleplay by John Pielmeier is based on a Texas Monthly article by Pamela Colloff chronicling the 1963 16th Street Baptist Church bombing in Birmingham , Alabama in which four young African American girls were killed while attending Sunday-school . The victims were Addie Mae Collins , 14 yrs old ; Denise McNair , 11 yrs old ; Carole Robertson , 14 yrs old ; and Cynthia Welsley , 14 yrs old . It was believed that there were 5 girls together in the church basement on that fateful day , but only one survived : young Sarah Collins , Addie Mae 's younger sister . The bombing was racially motivated and carried out by members of the Ku Klux Klan . The film was shot in Toronto . The cast includes Tom Sizemore , Richard Jenkins , Ving Rhames , Colm Feore , Jackie Richardson , Connor Price , Aaryn Doyle , Isys McKoy , Jessica Gray Charles , and Funmiola Lawson . Rhames was nominated for the Black Reel Award for Best Actor and the NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actor in a Television Movie , Mini-Series or Dramatic Special . Pielmeier 's teleplay earned him nominations for the Humanitas Prize and the Writers Guild of America Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9906a129d4c931dc7260eff32cdf996", "text": "Sears Radio Theater Sears Radio Theater was a radio drama anthology series which ran weeknights on CBS Radio in 1979 , sponsored by the Sears chain . Often paired with The CBS Radio Mystery Theater during its first season , the program offered a different genre of drama for each day 's broadcast . In January 1980 , the program moved to the Mutual Broadcasting System and became the Mutual Radio Theater . The Mutual series broadcast repeats from the CBS run until September 1980 , when a short season of new dramas was presented . Sears continued as a sponsor during the Mutual run . Monday was `` Western Night '' and was hosted by Lorne Greene . Tuesday was `` Comedy Night '' , hosted by Andy Griffith . Wednesday was `` Mystery Night '' with Vincent Price as host . Thursday was `` Love and Hate Night '' with Cicely Tyson doing honors as host . Finally , Friday brought `` Adventure Night '' , first hosted by Richard Widmark and later by Howard Duff and then by Leonard Nimoy . Actors heard on the series included Jim Jordan , Henry Morgan , Daws Butler , June Foray , Parley Baer , Mary Jane Croft , Howard Culver , John Dehner , Virginia Gregg , Janet Waldo , Vic Perrin , Hans Conried , Marvin Miller , Elliott Lewis , Jeff Corey , Lesley Woods , Robert Rockwell , Lurene Tuttle , Eve Arden , Keith Andes , Harriet Nelson , Alan Young , Tom Bosley , Marion Ross , Lloyd Bochner , Rick Jason , Frank Campanella , Toni Tennille , Arthur Hill , Dan O'Herlihy , Jesse White and Frank Nelson . Actress Peggy Webber was heard on 52 episodes . It was produced and directed by Fletcher Markle and Elliott Lewis . The theme was composed and conducted by Nelson Riddle . Though less long-lived than NPR 's Earplay or the CBS Radio Mystery Theater , it was an ambitious attempt to reinvigorate a neglected field . Like Earplay , it was broadcast in stereo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "958b9a942af35973bd514f5c3c5cde3b", "text": "The Mourning After The Mourning After is the third studio album by the American metal band 40 Below Summer . The album was released on October 28 , 2003 via Razor & Tie Records . Two singles were released from the album in `` Self Medicate '' and `` Taxi Cab Confession '' . During promotion of the album , 40 Below Summer appeared on Headbangers Ball , and the video for `` Self Medicate '' found significant airplay and the song was featured on the soundtrack for the thriller film The Texas Chainsaw Massacre . This video features the group performing the song in a city park as well as various acts of indulgent `` self medication '' by townspeople ( i.e. secretively buying pornography , gorging on food , making out ) . The following year , MTV2 held a fan 's choice poll for the Best Metal Videos of 2004 . The results aired on the December 25 edition of Headbangers Ball with `` Self Medicate '' ranking in at # 18 . The CD is Content/Copy-Protected with MediaMax Digital Rights Management Software on it .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "04c5737eccfc0a880225c5fed5a5d79f", "text": "Rey Mysterio Óscar Gutiérrez ( born December 11 , 1974 ) , better known by his ring names Rey Mysterio Jr , or simply Rey Mysterio , is a Mexican-American professional wrestler . He is best known for his long tenure in WWE from July 2002 to February 2014 . He is also known for his work in Extreme Championship Wrestling ( ECW ) , AAA , and World Championship Wrestling ( WCW ) . Gutierrez was trained by his uncle Rey Misterio , Sr. , learning the high flying Lucha Libre style that has been his trademark . `` Rey Misterio '' is Spanish for `` King Mystery '' , but subsequently dropped the `` Junior '' from his name when he began working for WWE in July 2002 until February 2015 . Mysterio is known for having a high flying style , which helped kick-start the cruiserweight wrestling revolution in the United States in the late 1990s during his time in WCW , and is often regarded as one of the greatest high-flyers in wrestling history . In WCW , he won the WCW World Tag Team Championship three times , and the WCW Cruiserweight Tag Team Championship once with Billy Kidman as part of The Filthy Animals . In WWE , Mysterio is a three-time world champion , having held WWE 's World Heavyweight Championship twice and the WWE Championship once . He has also held the WWE Tag Team Championship a record-tying four times , and the WWE Intercontinental Championship twice . All totaled , Mysterio has won 21 titles between WWE and WCW , including a record eight Cruiserweight Championships ( five in WCW , three in WWE ) . He was the 21st person to complete the WWE Triple Crown , and was the winner of the 2006 Royal Rumble .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "8298ca465a06c895b12f7e2d7b9b58cb", "text": "Rey de Reyes (2001) The Rey de Reyes 2001 ( Spanish for `` King of Kings '' ) was the fifth annual Rey de Reyes professional wrestling tournament and show , produced by the Mexican wrestling promotion AAA . The event took place on March 30 , 2001 in the Convention Center in Ciudad Madero , Tamaulipas , Mexico . The Rey de Reyes tournament consisted of a semi-final round of four four-man elimination matches and a final match with the winners of each of the semi-finals facing off in an elimination match until only one man remained . The final of the 2001 Rey de Reyes tournament pitted La Parka , Jr. , Latin Lover , Abismo Negro and Heavy Metal against each other . The show featured two additional matches beyond the five Rey de Reyes tournament matches .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "579674e986d1356826fa04b8415a2afd", "text": "Chikara Grand Championship The Chikara Grand Championship is a professional wrestling championship owned by the Chikara promotion . The first champion was crowned on November 13 , 2011 , at the High Noon pay-per-view , when Eddie Kingston defeated Mike Quackenbush at the conclusion of a six-month long , twelve-person tournament . Like most professional wrestling championships , the title is won via the result of a scripted match . Since the founding of the promotion in 2002 and before the Chikara Grand Championship was created , Chikara promoted only the Chikara Campeonatos de Parejas , a tag team championship , and the Chikara Young Lions Cup , a championship for rookies , but did not have a major singles championship until an announcement regarding the creation of the Grand Championship was made in February 2011 . On March 14 , 2013 , Chikara announced that in the future the title would be defended at every event held by the promotion . This was later negated following Mike Quackenbush 's takeover as Director of Fun and on August 1 , 2014 , he announced a three-point system to determine contendership for the title , similar to the system used for the Campeonatos de Parejas . Under the system , wrestlers need to accumulate three back-to-back wins in order to be eligible to challenge for the title . Overall , there have been seven reigns shared among six wrestlers . One female wrestler , Princess KimberLee , has held the title . With the win , KimberLee became the first female wrestler to hold the top title in a major non-female promotion . Juan Francisco de Coronado is the current champion in his first reign .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "34ca38a731e11ad641723c7caeadb7e6", "text": "CMLL Mini-Estrellas tournaments The Mexican professional wrestling promotion Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre ( CMLL ) has held a number of tournaments for their Mini-Estrella division since it was founded in 1992 , some recurring and others a one off tournament held for a special event . Being professional wrestling tournaments , it they are not won legitimately ; they are instead won via predetermined outcomes to the matches that is kept secret from the general public . The Mini-Estrella division has been featured in a Ruleta de la Muerte ( Spanish for `` Roulette of Death '' ) tournament . A Ruleta de la Muerte tournament is a tournament in which tag teams face off in a single elimination tournament , but unlike traditional tournaments it is the losing team that advances in the tournament . The team that loses the tag team match final must immediately wrestle against each other in a Lucha de Apuestas match , where either their mask or their hair is on the line . In 2010 CMLL held a Mini-Estrella focused Torneo Bicentenario , celebrating the 200th anniversary of Mexico 's independence , a tournament where the winning Mini-Estrella would be `` Promoted '' to the regular sized male division and compete on equal footing in CMLL . The movement from Mini-Estrella to `` Regular '' competitor is rare in Lucha Libre , but not without precedent as CMLL themselves held such a match in 1997 , but this marked the first time a Mini-Estrella was openly promoted to the regular division without changing their ring persona or moving to a different wrestling promotion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9e0fb82f945eece2504d5eeb115bf01", "text": "El Texano Juan Conrado Aguilar Jáuregui ( November 26 , 1958 -- January 15 , 2006 ) , better known by his ring name El Texano , was a Mexican Luchador , or professional wrestler . From the early 1970s to the early 2000s , he wrestled under masked and unmasked monikers for various promotions including Universal Wrestling Association ( UWA ) , World Class Championship Wrestling ( WCCW ) , and World Championship Wrestling ( WCW ) , Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre ( CMLL ) and Asistencia Asesoría y Administración ( AAA ) . His son Juan Aguilar Leos wrestles under the name El Texano , Jr. in tribute to his father and another son wrestles as the masked Super Nova . During his professional wrestling career Aguilar helped populate the concept of the Trios match ( teams of three facing off in a tag team match ) in Lucha Libre , as a part of Los Misioneros de la Muerte ( `` The Missionaries of Death '' ; Texano , El Signo and Negro Navarro ) . He also worked for an extensive period of time with Silver King , collectively known as Los Cowboys , working both in Japan and the United States of America , achieving notoriety outside of his native Mexico .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff0bd90dde781cb6ac9cd9f4138e8e76", "text": "Miguel Cotto vs. DeMarcus Corley The Cotto vs. Corley fight was a bout held in Bayamón , Puerto Rico , on February 26 , 2005 . It was for Miguel Cotto 's WBO world Jr. . Welterweight title , and it pitted him against former world champion Demarcus Corley . Much expectation preceded the fight , which was sponsored in Puerto Rico by DirecTV . The then recently inaugurated Tren Urbano had to be specially abilitated for this fight , as fans had overcrowded the parking area with their cars the last time Cotto had a fight in Puerto Rico and the Puerto Rican tourism department saw this event as a perfect occasion to demonstrate the new railway 's conveniences to fans across the island . Cotto participated in a ceremonial trip from a station near José Miguel Agrelot coliseum in San Juan to the fight 's venue , Bayamón 's Rubén Rodríguez Coliseum . Corley , meanwhile , arrived in Puerto Rico on Wednesday , February 23 . According to El Vocero , the newspaper that interviewed the former world champion on arrival at Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport , Corley showed confidence and kept smiling , but predicted a unanimous decision win , which is somewhat uncommon among boxers , as they usually predict knockout wins . Corley trained the last few days before the fight at the same gymnasium that Edwin Rosario used during Rosario 's prime . The fight was broadcast to the United States live on HBO Boxing 's `` Boxing After Dark '' leg . Cotto wore trunks that had the flags of every Hispanic country . About half a minute into the fight , Corley went down from a right cross to the head . He was rocked often the rest of the first round , but he was able to stay on his feet . Cotto kept hitting Corley with stamina-reducing shots to the body and the head in round two , but he lost a point , when , without any previous warnings , referee Ismael Quinones Falu deducted it from the scorecards after Corley complained that Cotto had hurt him on the crotch area . It was a somewhat unusual move by the referee : usually they give boxers a number of warnings before actually deducting a point for illegal fighting tactics . In the third round , Corley hit Cotto flush with a right hand to the chin , and Cotto , who was arguably having the worst round of his career , almost fell . Corley mounted an attack , pinning Cotto against the ropes for most of the round . Cotto was then suddenly struck by a low blow himself , and he went to the floor . The referee gave him time to recover , but did not take any points away from Corley . Towards the end of the round , both fighters engaged in an exchange of powerful lefts , with Cotto 's barely missing Corley 's body , but Corley 's getting Cotto on the head and sending him to the ropes again . Having recuperated in between rounds , Cotto picked up the fight 's momentum again in round four , using his jab , and then connecting with various combinations towards the end of the round . By round five , Cotto sported a cut inside his nose and he also had a swollen eye . Corley looked like he had taken tremendous punishment as well ; he looked tired and his face looked like it had a few small cuts too . Cotto , who , by the way , weighed 157 pounds ( 71 kg ) on HBO 's weight balance on the day of the fight compared to Corley 's 140 pounds ( 63.5 kg ) , pinned Corley against the ropes . A combination of punches to the body and head sent Corley down for a second time . Corley got up and tried to weather the storm by fighting back , but he was taking a lot of punishment as he decided to go down to one knee in order to take a rest . The third knockdown , however , would become the subject of a small controversy , as , instead of counting on Corley , Quinones Falu decided to stop the fight at that moment , giving Cotto the victory by a fifth round technical knockout . After the stoppage , Corley reacted with a menacing look towards the referee , but no action was taken by him against Quinones Falu . HBO 's instant replays showed that none of the punches that Cotto threw before Corley decided to take a knee had actually landed . Nevertheless , since Corley 's third visit to the canvas happened after Corley took a conscious decision to fall in order to take the extra rest , boxing rules dictated that it had to be counted as a knockdown . Soon after the fight was stopped , HBO analizers were quick to signal the result as a `` hometown stoppage '' , specially Larry Merchant . But their claims were quickly countered by Corley himself , who admitted to going down for the third time as a strategy to avoid further punishment from Cotto and maybe buy himself more fight time . After the fight , both fighters agreed that they should have a rematch . Category : Boxing fights Category :2005 in boxing Category : Boxing in Puerto Rico Category : Sports in Bayamón , Puerto Rico Category :2005 in Puerto Rican sport", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ba7e425e056d2ba1402628fa6df03df", "text": "IWRG Guerra del Golfo thumb | Tetsuya Bushi , risked his mask twice in La Guerra del Golfo tournaments . Guerra del Golfo ( Spanish for `` Gulf War '' ) is both the name of a major show series promoted by the Mexican Lucha Libre , or professional wrestling promotion International Wrestling Revolution Group ( IWRG ) as well as the name of the tournament match that is the focal point of the show . The tournament consists of two first-round steel cage matches where the last person in the cage advances to the final match of the night . In the finals the two losers face off in a cage match where the loser of that match is either unmasked or forced to have their hair shaved off under Luchas de Apuestas rules . There have been a total of 10 shows since the first show in 2005 . So far three wrestlers have lost their masks and seven have been shaved bald .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9aece3bc30390c693e4091757d2a1249", "text": "Tito Ortiz Jacob Christopher `` Tito '' Ortiz ( / ˈtiːtoʊ ɔɹˈtiːz / born January 23 , 1975 ) is an American retired mixed martial artist . In the MMA world , he is known for his stint with the Ultimate Fighting Championship ( UFC ) , where he is a former Light Heavyweight Champion , having held the title from April 14 , 2000 to September 26 , 2003 . Along with fighters like Randy Couture and Chuck Liddell , he was one of the sports early stars . Ortiz ultimately became the biggest pay-per-view draw of 2006 for his fights with Liddell , Forrest Griffin , and Ken Shamrock . Outside of his fighting career , Ortiz is the CEO of the Punishment Athletics MMA equipment and clothing line . He also owns an MMA training gym called Punishment Training Center , which is located in his hometown of Huntington Beach , California . On July 7 , 2012 , Ortiz became the ninth inductee into the UFC Hall of Fame .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "31a74e20f2603f9fc7201dc3505ad0ca", "text": "Arena Naucalpan 32nd Anniversary Show The Arena Naucalpan 32nd Anniversary Show was a major annual professional wrestling event produced and scripted by the Mexican professional wrestling promotion International Wrestling Revolution Group ( IWRG ) , which took place on December 17 , 2009 in Arena Naucalpan , Naucalpan , State of Mexico , Mexico . As the name implies the show celebrated the 32nd Anniversary of the construction of Arena Naucalpan , IWRG 's main venue in 1977 . The show is IWRG 's longest running show , predating IWRG being founded in 1996 and is the fourth oldest , still held , annual show in professional wrestling . The show was also promoted under the name Prison Fatal ( `` Deadly Prison '' ) , a name first used for the 2000 Prison Fatal show . The main event of the show was a ten-man steel cage match fought under Lucha de Apuestas , or `` bet match '' , rules where the last man in the cage would be forced to unmask or have their hair shaved off if they were unmasked . The steel cage match saw Exodia , Fantasma de la Ópera , El Hijo de Pirata Morgan , Péndulo , Tóxico , Trauma I , Ultramán Jr. and Xibalba all leave the cage . In the end , Zatura pinned Capitán Muerte , forcing Capitán Muerte to umask and reveal his real name , Guillermo Martinez Cid .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca5994de108ef589cb6386dbdcfe726f", "text": "CMLL Universal Championship (2009) The CMLL Universal Championship 2009 ( Campeonato Universal in Spanish ) was a professional wrestling annual tournament produced by Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre ( CMLL ) that took place over three CMLL Super Viernes shows between June 5 , 2009 and June 19 , 2009 in Arena México , Mexico City , Mexico . The CMLL Universal Championship is an annual tournament of CMLL Champions that was first held in 2009 . All officially recognized male CMLL Champions participated in a 15-match single elimination tournament . In the final CMLL World Heavyweight Champion Último Guerrero defeated NWA World Light Heavyweight Champion El Texano Jr. to become the first CMLL Universal Champion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8963b6149b6c3c5efcb0965919a3fc30", "text": "Rey de Reyes (2002) The Rey de Reyes 2002 ( Spanish for `` King of Kings '' ) was the sixth annual Rey de Reyes professional wrestling tournament and show , produced by the Mexican wrestling promotion AAA . The event took place on March 17 , 2002 , in Zapopan , Jalisco , Mexico . The tournament consisted of a semi-final round of four four-man elimination matches and a final match with the winners of each of the semi-finals facing off in an elimination match until only one man remained . The final of the 2002 tournament pitted Canek , Pirata Morgan , Cibernético and Octagón against each other . The show featured two additional matches beyond the five tournament matches .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3226721f3b16e2e7c9d7c1e6fa03dfe4", "text": "Chavo Guerrero Jr. Salvador `` Chavo '' Guerrero IV ( born October 20 , 1970 ) also known as Chavo Guerrero and Chavo Guerrero Jr. , is a third generation Mexican American professional wrestler , actor and member of the Guerrero wrestling family . He has also worked with World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment ( WWF/E ) , World Championship Wrestling ( WCW ) , and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling ( TNA ) . As a singles wrestler , he is a one-time ECW Champion in WWE , and a six-time WCW/WWE Cruiserweight Champion . He has also achieved success in tag team wrestling , being a five-time world tag team champion -- winning the WWE Tag Team Championship twice with Eddie Guerrero as Los Guerreros , the WCW World Tag Team Championship once with Corporal Cajun as the Misfits in Action , and the TNA World Tag Team Championship twice with Hernandez . Between WCW , WWE , and TNA , Guerrero has held a dozen total championships .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21564e49c224287f37716d61a654f572", "text": "Rey Cometa Mario Alberto González ( born March 11 , 1983 ) is a Mexican Luchador , best known by his ring name Rey Cometa ( Spanish for `` King Comet '' ) . He is working for the Mexican professional wrestling promotion Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre ( CMLL ) . Rey Cometa first gained national exposure when he worked for Asistencia Asesoría y Administración ( AAA ) from 2005 until 2008 . In AAA he was a part of the group Real Fuerza Aérea , consisting of young high flying wrestlers . As is usual with masked wrestlers in Mexico , Cometa 's real name was not a matter of public record until he lost his mask in a match in September 2012 . He is a former holder of the Mexican National Welterweight Championship .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c41c01a8355de378e236205783d9c5b", "text": "Mexican National Middleweight Championship The Mexican National Middleweight Championship ( Campeonato National Medio in Spanish ) was a national Mexican professional wrestling championship controlled by a `` National title '' controlled by the `` Comisión de Box y Lucha Libre Mexico D.F. '' ( Mexico City Boxing and Wrestling Commission ) , which regulates all matches where the title is defended . The title has been in use since at least 1933 until December 8 , 2008 . It was defended in the Asistencia Asesoría y Administración ( AAA ) promotion since AAA 's inception in 1992 . Since it is a National title endorsed by the Comisión it could technically be defended in various Mexican promotions , but in reality was promoted mainly by AAA from 1992 until 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e527856de4e013c1e6185b06e49ee16c", "text": "El Ángel (wrestler) Óscar Omar Puentes Molgado ( born August 19 , 1977 ) is a Mexican Luchador ( professional wrestler ) under the ring name El Ángel ( Spanish for `` the Angel '' ) . Puentes worked under the ring name Óscar Sevilla from 1997 until 2005 where he adopted the `` El Ángel '' ring character . He is manly known for his work in the Mexican professional wrestling promotion Asistencia Asesoría y Administración ( AAA ) which he worked for until mid-2009 . He current works on the Mexican independent circuit and makes regular appearances for the Los Perros del Mal and International Wrestling Revolution Group promotions amongst others and occasionally works a El Novillero ( `` The Apprentice Bullfighter '' ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b6a44e7f0fdac401f151a34d81414cf6", "text": "El Castillo del Terror (2007) El Castillo del Terror ( 2007 ) was a professional wrestling event , their annual El Castillo del Terror event produced by the International Wrestling Revolution Group ( IWRG ) . IWRG has held an Castillo del Terror branded show since 2005 , usually late in the year , making this year 's event the third overall event in the series . The event took place on November 3 , 2013 , at Arena Naucalpan in Naucalpan , State of Mexico , IWRG 's main arena . The main event was the eponymous Castillo del Terror ( Spanish for `` Castle of Terror '' ) Steel cage match where the last person eliminated was forced to unmasked per the match stipulation . In the end the ten-man match saw Rayo de Jalisco , Jr. defeat Enterrador 2000 , forcing him to unmask after the match .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3317cc7aad64a017b7c8fdfcc382db14", "text": "El Signo Antonio Sánchez Rendón ( both September 4 , 1954 in Ocotlán de Morelos , Oaxaca , Mexico ) , is a retired Mexican luchador , or professional wrestler best known under the ring name El Signo ( Spanish for `` The Sign '' ) . Rendón was part of Los Misioneros de la Muerte ( `` The Missionaries of Death '' ) with Negro Navarro and El Texano a team that is credited with popularizing the Trios match in Mexico to the point that it became the most common match for in Mexican Lucha Libre . Sánchez made his professional wrestling debut in 1971 and officially retired in 2010 , after 38 years of active competition . At least one of Sánchez 's children is also a professional wrestler , working under the name Hijo del Signo ( `` Son of the Sign '' , born 1985 ) since 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e1555c897ec5a9e10d27b5a6c6a2b28", "text": "Rey de Reyes (1997) The Rey de Reyes 1997 ( Spanish for `` King of Kings '' ) was the first annual Rey de Reyes professional wrestling tournament and major wrestling show , produced by the Mexican wrestling promotion AAA . The event took place on February 21 , 1997 in the Convention Center in Ciudad Madero , Tamaulipas , Mexico . The Rey de Reyes tournament consisted of a semi-final round of four four-man elimination matches and a final match with the winners of each of the semi-finals facing off in an elimination match until only one man remained . The show also featured a Mini-Estrella Six-man `` Lucha Libre rules '' tag team match between the teams of Mini Goldust , Mini Mankind and Mini Vader going against La Parkita , Mini Nova and Super Muñequito . The final match of the tournament pitted Latin Lover , Heavy Metal , Héctor Garza and Octagón against each other .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ba730cff49073ab4ba7d18e2c4fe8af", "text": "Night of Champions (2009) Night of Champions ( 2009 ) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view ( PPV ) event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) , which took place on July 26 , 2009 , at the Wachovia Center in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . It was the second annual event to be promoted solely under the Night of Champions name and the ninth annual event under the Vengeance/Night of Champions chronology . Similar to the previous two events , the concept of the show was that every championship in the company would be defended . It featured talent from the Raw , SmackDown , and ECW brands . Eight matches were contested on the card . This show was considered a supercard , which featured more than one main event match . The main event matches featured were : Jeff Hardy defeating CM Punk for the World Heavyweight Championship , Randy Orton retaining the WWE Championship against Triple H and John Cena , Mickie James winning the WWE Divas Championship against Maryse , and WWE Intercontinental Champion Rey Mysterio retain his title against Dolph Ziggler . The undercard , featured Chris Jericho and The Big Show defending the Unified WWE Tag Team Championship against The Legacy , Christian defeating Tommy Dreamer for the ECW Championship , Kofi Kingston defending the WWE United States Championship in a Six-Pack Challenge against Montel Vontavious Porter , The Miz , Carlito , Primo , and Jack Swagger , and Michelle McCool defending the WWE Women 's Championship against Melina . The event had 267,000 buys , down on the 2008 's Night of Champions figure of 273,000 buys .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "29bcfbe2432efd74dc88bbbde3c59578", "text": "Samoa Joe Nuufolau Joel `` Joe '' Seanoa ( born March 17 , 1979 ) , better known by his ring name Samoa Joe , is an American professional wrestler currently signed to WWE and performing on the Raw brand . He was previously best known for his time with Total Nonstop Action Wrestling ( TNA ) and Ring of Honor ( ROH ) . Joe established himself in ROH from the promotion 's beginning in 2002 , holding the ROH World Championship for a record 21 months from May 2003 to December 2004 . Upon joining TNA in June 2005 , he embarked on an 19-month-long undefeated streak , and went on to hold the TNA World Heavyweight Championship once , the TNA X Division Championship five times , the TNA World Tag Team Championship twice , and the TNA Television Championship once ; completing the TNA Triple Crown and the TNA Grand Slam . He also wrestled internationally and on the independent circuit for various promotions , winning several titles , including the GHC Tag Team Championship with Magnus in Pro Wrestling Noah , and he was an inaugural NWA Intercontinental Tag Team Champion with Keiji Sakoda in Pro Wrestling Zero1 . He left TNA in February 2015 , briefly competing again in ROH and the independent circuit . Joe officially debuted in WWE 's developmental territory NXT in May 2015 , and signed a full-time contract with the company in June ; he went on to become the first ever two-time NXT Champion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c28095586c4569b543253da37d4c7d52", "text": "El Gran Luchadore El Gran Luchadore is the name of a masked Mexican professional wrestling character in World Wrestling Entertainment , seen on its SmackDown ! brand in 2004 . El Gran Luchadore ( loosely translated from Spanish to `` The Great Fighter/Wrestler , '' `` Luchadore '' is also an incorrect spelling , luchador is the correct spelling ) was mainly used as a jobber gimmick to put over other wrestlers . The first WWE wrestler to wrestle as the El Gran Luchadore was Paul London on April 22 , 2004 in a squash match against John Bradshaw Layfield ( JBL ) , Paul Heyman convinced Bradshaw to accept a match with the `` Mexican Heavyweight Champion '' after hearing that El Gran Luchadore punked out Bradshaw at an airport . Next up was Shannon Moore on July 8 , 2004 , billed as the `` champion of Mexico '' , would face WWE Champion JBL in a champion vs. champion match ( no titles on the line ) . A second squash match for JBL took an unexpected turn when El Gran Luchadore pulled a switcharoo with Eddie Guerrero ( in El Gran 's costume ) who came back fighting . When JBL finally clued that it was Guerrero , he ran away from the ring getting counted out in the process , allowing El Gran Luchadore to pick up his first victory . The next appearance of El Gran Luchadore was on July 15 , 2004 edition of SmackDown ! . During a Steel Cage match between Guerrero and JBL which saw both men sat on top of the Cage , exchanging punches until El Gran Luchadore ran down and climbed into the cage . This El Gran Luchadore held Eddie Guerrero 's leg , allowing Bradshaw to climb down the side of the cage to win . After the match El Gran Luchadore tried to get out of the locked door , but then decided to climb out the way he came in . Eddie Guerrero got to his feet and climbed up the cage struggling to get him back into the cage . Luchadore was able to get away , but in the struggle Guerrero pulled the mask off of him , revealing him to be the supposedly injured Kurt Angle .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "1523c42ab5d09a641f07092598aa6a5e", "text": "Before We Go Before We Go ( previously titled 1:30 Train ) is a 2014 American independent romantic drama film directed by Chris Evans in his directorial debut , and starring Evans , Alice Eve and Mark Kassen . The film had its world premiere in the special presentations section of the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival . The film was released on video on demand on July 21 , 2015 , and had a limited release on September 4 , 2015 in the United States by Radius-TWC .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b53c018b5c55eb803cc924e5592ca534", "text": "Go West (Go West album) Go West is the debut album by the English pop duo Go West , released in 1985 . The album brought Go West into the limelight , scoring them a string of top 40 hits in the UK and New Zealand . `` We Close Our Eyes '' was the most successful single , reaching No. 4 in New Zealand and No. 5 in the UK .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18827981424d255439e0057863586e78", "text": "The Scene Between The Scene Between is the fourth studio album by English band The Go ! Team . It was released in March 2015 under Memphis Industries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "825fccbfc8b326d38b1a7248083ea403", "text": "Union J discography The discography of English boy band Union J consists of two studio albums , five singles and six music videos . Union J first announced that they had signed a record deal with Sony Music Entertainment at a performance in Cardiff , Wales on 15 December 2012 . Their debut single `` Carry You '' was recorded in London in January 2013 and was released in June 2013 , charting at number six in the United Kingdom . On 28 January , it was confirmed that the subsidiary label that Union J had signed with was RCA Records . In June 2013 , it was announced that the band would embark on their first UK headline tour , the Magazines and TV Screens Tour , which consists of 18 dates in December 2013 and January 2014 . Their second single , `` Beautiful Life '' , was released on 21 October and debuted at number 8 . The following week saw the release of their self-titled debut album , Union J. On 5 November 2013 , they announced that their third single would be `` Loving You Is Easy '' . In 2014 , Union J left RCA and signed with Epic Records . `` Tonight ( We Live Forever ) '' , the lead single from their second album , was released on 17 August 2014 . This was followed up by `` You Got It All '' , written by Magic ! 's Nasri , released in November 2014 . Whilst the most purchased single of the week , it was kept off number one by Ed Sheeran 's `` Thinking Out Loud '' due to audio streaming . Their second album , You Got It All -- The Album , reached number 28 on the UK Albums Chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e92f47503e2a872e1615cb579a36b99", "text": "We Do (film) We Do is an award-winning 56 minute documentary film about marriage equality , produced and directed by independent filmmaker Rebecca Rice . We Do reveals the stories of three LGBT couples , their journeys for legal recognition of their relationships and the impact that the pursuit of marriage equality has had on their lives before and after the Supreme Court ruling on June 26 , 2015 . The film features an introduction by LGBT activist and pastor Jim Mitulski , former pastor at Cathedral of Hope ( Dallas ) who provides the backstory on same-sex unions . We Do then tells the stories of Leta and Anne , with a cameo by their son Jaxson , Mariel and Viviana and Michael and Michael . All three couples had to travel to other states to be legally married even when they knew at the time that their unions would not be legally recognized in the states where they lived . We Do had its world premiere at AGLIFF , the Austin Gay and Lesbian Film Festival in September 2015 . And the film was an official selection of Palm Springs Cinema Diverse and QCinema -- the Ft. Worth Gay and Lesbian Film Festival . We Do was honored with the Shawn A. Moore Award at QCinema and is distributed by CT Media Distribution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f13aa8cc04a10abb541c4dfadd8124ff", "text": "Anything Goes (Florida Georgia Line album) Anything Goes is the second studio album by American country music duo Florida Georgia Line . It was released on October 14 , 2014 , by Republic Nashville . The release of the album was announced August 15 from Central Park in New York City on Good Morning America . The album was produced by Joey Moi . Its first single , `` Dirt '' , became Florida Georgia Line 's sixth number one hit when it peaked at number one on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1aa50678a2a3f8e269fef753977ffb7b", "text": "Before I Let You Go `` Before I Let You Go '' is a song by American R&B group Blackstreet , recorded for the group 's self-titled debut album ( 1994 ) . The song was released as the third single for the album in November 1994 . The song was notable for featuring lead vocals from Dave Hollister who joined the group upon the album 's release . `` Before I Let You Go '' peaked at number seven on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and number two on the Hot R&B Singles chart . This made it the group 's highest charting single on both charts respectively before it was surpassed by `` No Diggity '' merely two years later . The song lyrically focuses on the narrator who does not want to lose the love of his life out of concern that she is no longer romantically interested and wants her to `` say goodnight '' as opposed to `` say goodbye . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "073b0232d9651420827788f7357fa720", "text": "The Homesman The Homesman is a 2014 French-American historical period drama set in the 1850s Midwest , directed and co-produced by Tommy Lee Jones and co-written with Kieran Fitzgerald and Wesley Oliver , based on the 1988 novel of the same name by Glendon Swarthout . The film stars Jones and Hilary Swank and also features Meryl Streep , Hailee Steinfeld , John Lithgow , and James Spader . The film was selected to compete for the Palme d'Or in the main competition section at the 2014 Cannes Film Festival and received a North American limited release on November 14 , 2014 by Roadside Attractions . The Homesman has received mostly positive reviews from critics . Rotten Tomatoes gave the film a rating average of 7.1 / 10 . The title refers to the task of taking immigrants back home , which was typically a man 's job to carry out .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2a8b0dce09bcaff373b139879ea250d", "text": "Before (short story) `` Before '' is a short story by Gael Baudino written deliberately in a style similar to William Faulkner 's : the foreword to the story says , `` the sometimes strange syntax and editorial elisions are intentional in this homage to Faulkner . '' It concerns Greta Harlow , a young woman living in a Lee 's Corners , a small town in fictional Oktibushubee County . She is raped and impregnated by Jimmy White , son of a prominent and wealthy businessman . An elderly wealthy woman , Mrs. Gavin , counsels her on how to abort the baby . The story ends with Greta debating whether to follow through with the abortion or not . Lee 's Corners , Sophonsiba Gavin , and Greta 's child , Magic , all play key parts in Baudino 's most recent book , `` The Borders of Life '' ( written as Gael Kathryns ) . Category :1996 short stories Category : American short stories Category : Fantasy short stories Category : Rape in fiction", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a42f49632a13d7a3a43e77b28fa07e9", "text": "Sex Ed (film) Sex Ed is a 2014 American comedy film directed by Isaac Feder and written by Bill Kennedy . The film stars Haley Joel Osment , Lorenza Izzo , Laura Harring , Abby Elliott , Glen Powell , Retta , and Matt Walsh . Sex Ed premiered at the Portland Film Festival on August 29 , 2014 , and was released in theaters on November 7 , 2014 , by MarVista Entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba2871e09a5761083bcda675271548c7", "text": "The Signal (2014 film) The Signal is a 2014 American science fiction thriller film directed by William Eubank and co-written with Carlyle Eubank and David Frigerio . The film stars Brenton Thwaites and Laurence Fishburne . The film premiered at the 2014 Sundance Film Festival and was released theatrically in the United States on June 13 , 2014 . The film is among an increasing number of low-budget , independent science fiction films to be included at the Sundance Film Festival in recent years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a9148a94ded9a604f2c294d18f1d3c44", "text": "Before You Love Me `` Before You Love Me '' is a song by Alsou , her first single released from her first album , Alsou . It was released on April 30 , 2001 , in Australia and the United Kingdom , and a few weeks later in May 2001 in various countries throughout Europe . The single failed to chart in Australia . In the United Kingdom it peaked at number twenty-seven . A lack of promotional support from Alsou 's record company meant that no further releases occurred in either Australia or the United Kingdom , with the impending release of the Alsou album cancelled in both regions . The single was , however , effective in producing the hype it needed throughout Europe for the album to be released and proper promotion to take place .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "20ab60a27c5cf6d45dd9f0807ac016ef", "text": "We Are Brothers We Are Brothers is a 2014 South Korean film directed by Jang Jin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e54663d760f61606616c8c4d726793f", "text": "Awaiting Awaiting ( ; lit . `` The Day Min-woo Arrives '' ) is a 2014 South Korean short film written and directed by Kang Je-gyu , starring Moon Chae-won and Go Soo . It is one of four short films comprising Beautiful 2014 , the third annual omnibus project commissioned by Chinese online platform Youku Tudou and the Hong Kong International Film Festival . The other short films were The Dream directed by Shu Kei , HK 2014 - Education for All directed by Christopher Doyle , and Boss I Love You directed by Zhang Yuan . Beautiful 2014 premiered at the 38th Hong Kong International Film Festival on March 27 , 2014 . Awaiting received a theatrical release in South Korea on December 18 , 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7339c77722bd6d0ab2442f60f31e51e", "text": "Big Stone Gap (film) Big Stone Gap is a 2014 American drama romantic comedy film written and directed by Adriana Trigiani and produced by Donna Gigliotti for Altar Identity Studios , a subsidiary of Media Society . Based on Trigiani 's 2000 best-selling novel of the same name , the story is set in the actual Virginia town of Big Stone Gap circa 1970s . The film had its world premiere at the Virginia Film Festival on November 6 , 2014 . The film was released on October 9 , 2015 , by Picturehouse . The film was released in Blu-Ray by Universal Pictures on February 2 , 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "241c5584bafcb4fa9074b612100161a6", "text": "Tomorrowland (film) Tomorrowland ( subtitled A World Beyond in some regions ) is a 2015 American science-fiction mystery adventure film directed and co-written by Brad Bird . Bird co-wrote the film 's screenplay with Damon Lindelof , from an original story treatment by Bird , Lindelof and Jeff Jensen . The film stars George Clooney , Hugh Laurie , Britt Robertson , Raffey Cassidy , Tim McGraw , Kathryn Hahn and Keegan-Michael Key . In the film , a disillusioned genius inventor and a teenage science enthusiast embark to an ambiguous alternate dimension known as `` Tomorrowland '' where their actions directly affect the world and themselves . Walt Disney Pictures originally announced the film in June 2011 under the working title 1952 , and later retitled it to Tomorrowland , after the futuristic themed land found at Disney theme parks . In drafting their story , Bird and Lindelof took inspiration from the progressive cultural movements of the Space Age , as well as Walt Disney 's optimistic philosophy of the future , notably his conceptual vision for the planned community known as EPCOT . Principal photography began in August 2013 , with footage shot in British Columbia , Alberta , Florida , and Spain with second unit filming in France , California and the Bahamas . Tomorrowland was released in conventional and IMAX formats on May 22 , 2015 , and was the first theatrical film to be released in Dolby Vision and Dolby Cinema . Upon its release , the film received mixed reviews from critics ; earning praise for its original premise , musical score , action , visuals , and themes , but criticism in regards to the screenplay 's uneven writing and tone . The film grossed $ 209 million worldwide against a total production and marketing cost of $ 330 million , losing Disney $ 120 -- 140 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab30de924c4f7d13401a7e178ee63723", "text": "World Be Gone World Be Gone '' is the seventeenth studio album by English synthpop duo Erasure . The album was released through Mute Records on 19 May 2017 in the UK , and 20 May 2017 in North America .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa1362f92cb2be893eeb4581e89cc3d2", "text": "Before After Before After is the seventh studio album by the English synthpop band Heaven 17 . It was originally released in September 2005 , on the label Ninthwave , nine years after their previous album , Bigger Than America . The album reached # 6 on the Billboard Magazine Club Play Chart in April 2006 . In September 2008 , the band 's cover of Blue Öyster Cult 's `` Do n't Fear the Reaper '' was featured on the American dark fantasy television series True Blood . A number of remixes of tracks from the album have appeared on online digital services such as iTunes and Amazon.com . It was the final album to feature founding member Ian Craig Marsh due to his decision to retire from music in 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e37422c0eab2e0fe8a8462e7e2134090", "text": "Bros Before Hos Bro 's Before Ho 's is a 2013 Dutch comedy film directed by Steffen Haars and Flip van der Kuil .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8408d39de84d4a90463e3f24f6582805", "text": "Before the Music Dies Before the Music Dies ( B4MD ) is a 2006 U.S. documentary film that criticizes the American music industry and the increasing commercialization of the art of music over the past thirty years . The film features interviews and performances from such musicians and groups as Doyle Bramhall II , Erykah Badu , Eric Clapton , Dave Matthews , Branford Marsalis , Elvis Costello , Bonnie Raitt and My Morning Jacket . It was directed by Andrew Shapter , produced by Joel Rasmussen , and co-written by Shapter and Rasmussen . The film premiered on March 12 , 2006 at the South by Southwest film festival in Austin , Texas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "191ef0077c7883f2dd598fb550444edd", "text": "The Cobbler (2014 film) The Cobbler is a 2014 American magic realism comedy-drama film directed by Tom McCarthy and co-written by McCarthy with Paul Sado . The film stars Adam Sandler , Dan Stevens , Dustin Hoffman and Steve Buscemi . It was screened in the Special Presentations section at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival . The film was released on March 13 , 2015 , by Image Entertainment . The film was panned by critics and was a box office bomb .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "9c3866752f1905b8ae8dff22b44de1b3", "text": "IZombie (TV series) iZombie ( stylized as iZOMBiE ) is an American television series developed by Rob Thomas and Diane Ruggiero-Wright for The CW . It is a loose adaptation of the comic book series of the same name created by Chris Roberson and Michael Allred , and published by DC Comics under their Vertigo imprint . The series premiered on March 17 , 2015 . The series was renewed for a second season , which premiered October 6 , 2015 , and ran for 19 episodes . On March 11 , 2016 , The CW renewed the series for a third season of 13 episodes , which premiered on April 4 , 2017 . On May 10 , 2017 , The CW renewed the series for a fourth season .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "7a4cb5cd441fdc24fd092e640f6a60e4", "text": "Lassie (season 1) The first season of the television series Lassie premiered in the United States on CBS on September 12 , 1954 and ran for 26 episodes until its conclusion on March 6 , 1955 . Produced by Robert Maxwell , the episodes follows the adventures of a female rough collie named Lassie and her young owner Jeffrey Miller . In 1958 , the first through third seasons began syndication under the title `` Jeff 's Collie . '' Though the first season of Lassie has never been released completely to home video , some episodes from the first season have been released to DVD . On November 25 , 2003 , Classic Media released a three episode set , `` Lassie : Best of Jeff 's Collie , '' which included the series first episode , `` Inheritance '' . A second set , `` Lassie : 50th Anniversary Collection '' , was released on September 14 , 2004 and contained 24 episodes from across the entire series . The set includes three episodes from the first season : `` Inheritance '' ( episode 1 ) , `` The Lion '' ( episode 8 ) , and `` Lassie 's Pups '' ( episode 10 ) . `` Secret of the Silent Hills ( Theme from the Lassie TV Series ) '' , composed by William Lava , is used as the opening and ending theme for the entire season . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5b2a5188d6098e6f9404d8f0f3d4aee", "text": "It Hits the Fan `` It Hits the Fan '' is the first episode of the fifth season of the American animated television series South Park , and the 66th episode of the series overall . It first aired on Comedy Central in the United States on June 20 , 2001 . In the episode , the word `` shit '' is said uncensored on television on the crime show Cop Drama . After this , everyone starts saying `` shit '' over and over , which eventually brings over a mysterious plague that unleashes the ancient Knights of Standards and Practices , and only Chef and the boys can save the world . The episode was written by series co-creator Trey Parker and is rated TV-MA-LV in the United States . Throughout the episode , the profanity `` shit '' or `` shitty '' are exclaimed uncensored a total of 162 separate times ; in syndicated or re-aired versions of this episode , a counter in the bottom left corner of the screen counts the number of times the word has been uttered . The written occurrences are not counted , but `` shit '' is written 38 times , which puts the `` shit `` s up to an even 200 . `` Shit '' is uttered roughly once every eight seconds ; one such count includes the episode 's theme song in the calculation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af102f7aae0102b8b6b1d2bd781b4728", "text": "List of Digimon Data Squad episodes This is a complete list of episodes from the anime series Digimon Data Squad . As it currently stands , Digimon Data Squad is the shortest series in the franchise to date , and ends with 48 episodes . The series ran in Japan on Fuji TV from April 2006 to March 2007 , and in the United States on Jetix from October 2007 to November 2008 . This series uses two opening themes in the original Japanese version . `` Gou-ing ! Going ! My Soul ! '' is used as the opening theme of the first half and the second opening song , `` Hirari '' , is used in the remaining episodes . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d24e8dc9df0f3c69d921b0295c72def", "text": "List of Kimba the White Lion episodes These are the episodes of the anime television series Kimba the White Lion ( Jungle Emperor ) . The series originally ran from October 6 , 1965 , to September 28 , 1966 , in Japan and from September 11 , 1966 , to September 3 , 1967 , in the U.S. There were two English dubs produced for this anime series . The first ( and more widely viewed ) English dub was produced by Titan Productions for NBC Enterprises to license and run in syndication in the United States , with a handful of talented voice actors . Despite that they dubbed all 52 episodes of the series , 49 of them have been aired in a mixed up order , in the United States , due to the NBC catalog order of how they aired them in sequence . On September 30 , 1978 , the license for NBC to hold the rights to the English dub has dropped due to the bankruptcy of Mushi Productions being bankrupt earlier in 1973 . Afterwards , the Titan Productions English dub was no longer available to view at that time . In 1993 , Fumio Suzuki made plans to bring the series to television once more to the English-speaking market . After the legal battles of who was going to gain ownership , a Canadian company from Toronto known as Zaza Sound Productions Ltd. won the rights to produce a second English dub of the anime series with a handful of Canadian voice actors , as well as airing this dub in several English-speaking regions ( Australia , United Kingdom , etc. ) , with CEG Distribution distributing the series . Landmark Entertainment Group Inc. , Susuki Associates and CEG Cinema Partners have also contributed to this dub . Fans have often labeled this as the `` Canadian dub '' . It was said to be a remake of the 1966 U.S. English dub , with a more faithful translation of the original Japanese scripts , but had to create a whole new soundtrack composed by Paul J. Zaza , since they were unable to use the original soundtrack composed by Isao Tomita which was also used in the 1966 U.S. English dub . This version was also more edited including heavy cuts and changes . In 1995 , A low-budget American company known as UAV Corporation released a limited number of episodes of the 1993 Canadian English re-dub on VHS in North America , under the title Kimba the Lion Prince .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ebcab7c302a2d62b6679465541d15dd5", "text": "Total Drama All-Stars and Pahkitew Island Total Drama All-Stars and Total Drama : Pahkitew Island are two 13-episode segments that both make up the fifth season of the Canadian animated television series , Total Drama . The season was commissioned by Cartoon Network in October 2012 , ordering 26 episodes . It is a sequel to Total Drama Island , Total Drama Action , Total Drama World Tour , and Total Drama : Revenge of the Island . The season was produced by Fresh TV and the Aboriginal Peoples Television Network and distributed by Cake Entertainment . Owing to the series ' premise , the season presents itself as a parody of reality television series , such as Survivor . The entire season first premiered in the United States starting on September 10 , 2013 on Cartoon Network for the first part , with the second part premiering in the United States on July 7 , 2014 for a two-week time period . In Canada , the first part premiered on Teletoon during their `` Ca n't Miss Thursdays '' time slot starting January 9 , 2014 . The second part of the season also premiered during their `` Ca n't Miss Thursdays '' time slot on Teletoon starting on September 4 , 2014 . The second half of the season also premiered on the APTN network in 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "78d5c91ef93a0b67fd6d4a7c8ce3a8ec", "text": "List of Hozuki's Coolheadedness episodes Hozuki 's Coolheadedness is a 2014 supernatural dark comedy Japanese animated series based on the 2011 manga series written and illustrated by Natsumi Eguchi . The story follows the title character , Hozuki , a demon ogre who works for the god of death , King Enma , as a supervisor in the Japanese Hell . The series is episodic , and in each episode the serious-minded Hozuki attempts to manage and troubleshoot unusual problems which occur there . Production of the Hozuki 's Coolheadedness anime was announced in June 2013 in issue 31 of Weekly Morning . The thirteen episode anime was produced by Wit Studio and directed by Hiro Kaburaki , with screenplay by Midori Gotō and characters design by Hirotaka Katō . The series was broadcast on Mainichi Broadcasting System between January 10 , 2014 and April 4 , 2014 . It was later aired on television networks TBS , CBC , BS-TBS , TVK and AT-X , and streamed on Bandai Channel , Docomo Anime Store , Niconico and ShowTime . The entire series was released by King Records from April 9 to August 13 , 2014 on DVD and Blu-ray . Crunchyroll simulcasted the series with English subtitles in the United States , Canada , the United Kingdom , South Africa , Australia and New Zealand . Sentai Filmworks licensed the series for home media release in North America , and Madman Entertainment did the same for the Australian region . The series uses four pieces of theme music : a single opening theme and three ending themes . The opening theme is , which is interpreted by the series ' main cast members under the name . The main ending theme is by Sumire Uesaka . Additionally , by Tokyo Philharmonic Chorus and by Uesaka are used as the ending themes for episode 1 and 8 respectively . In June 2014 , a series of three original anime DVDs ( OADs ) was announced to be produced by the same staff of the anime series . The OADs were screened in eleven selected theaters in Japan from December 6 to December 28 , 2014 . They were released along with the 17th , 18th , and 19th manga volumes on February 23 , May 22 , and August 21 , 2015 respectively . A fourth OAD was released through the 24th volume on March 21 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bbfba4306bae65e1847af38ee464aace", "text": "List of Fairy Tail episodes (season 1) The first season of the Fairy Tail anime series was directed by Shinji Ishihira and produced by A-1 Pictures and Satelight . It follows the first adventures of Natsu Dragneel and Lucy Heartfilia of the fictional guild , Fairy Tail . The season adapts the first 16 volumes of Hiro Mashima 's Fairy Tail manga series . Natsu befriends Lucy who joins the titular guild and later goes on missions with her to earn money along with fellow wizards Gray Fullbuster and Erza Scarlet , as well as Natsu 's flying cat Happy . The five go on a forbidden S-Class mission with Gray and Erza to save Galuna Island and fight Gray 's rival Lyon Vastia . Shortly after , the guildhall is attacked by their rival guild Phantom Lord , leading into a guild war . After the dissolution of Phantom Lord , the group learns of Erza 's past as a slave in the Tower of Heaven and confront Jellal Fernandez to destroy the tower . Lastly , once back at Fairy Tail , Natsu and the others face Laxus Dreyar and the Raijin Tribe as they stage a coup in Fairy Tail . The season initially ran from October 12 , 2009 to September 27 , 2010 on TV Tokyo in Japan . It was later released on DVD in 12 compilations , each containing four episodes , by Pony Canyon between January 29 and December 24 , 2010 . Crunchyroll streamed the whole season 's episode subtitled in English for free on its website . The season 's episodes were streamed as a simulcast , only one hour after they aired on TV Tokyo in Japan . The season was licensed by Animax Asia for a Southeast Asian broadcast . Their adaptation aired from September 30 , 2010 to December 6 , 2011 . DVDs of their adaptations were not released . In 2011 , Funimation Entertainment licensed the series for an English DVD release in North America . The season was released in four compilations between November 22 , 2011 and March 20 , 2012 . The series also began airing on the Funimation Channel in North America beginning on November 22 , 2011 . The season makes use of eight pieces of theme music : four opening themes and four ending themes . The opening themes are `` Snow Fairy '' , performed by Funkist for episodes 1 to 11 , by Idoling !!! for episodes 12 to 24 , `` Ft. '' performed by Funkist for episodes 25 to 35 , and `` R.P.G. ( Rockin ' Playing Game ) '' performed by Sug for the remainder of the season . The ending themes respectively used with the opening themes are performed by Watarirouka Hashiritai , by Onelifecrew , performed by Shiho Nanba , and by Mikuni Shimokawa . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a98647032e0817c581142d2ef8368b3e", "text": "Beyblade (season 3) This is a list of episodes for the third season of the anime series Beyblade . Beyblade is made up of three seasons and a spin-off series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "50fa173e9658edf145b7b1d5494abb41", "text": "List of Ranma ½ episodes is a Japanese anime series adapted from the manga of the same name by Rumiko Takahashi . It was created by Studio Deen and aired weekly between April 15 , 1989 and September 16 , 1989 on Fuji TV before being canceled after 18 episodes due to low ratings . Shortly after , the series was reworked by most of the same staff , retitled and launched in a different time slot , running between October 20 , 1989 and September 25 , 1992 for 143 episodes . Three movies were produced , The Battle of Nekonron , China ! A Battle to Defy the Rules ! on November 2 , 1991 ; Battle at Togenkyo ! Get Back the Brides on August 1 , 1992 ; and Super Indiscriminate Decisive Battle ! Team Ranma vs. the Legendary Phoenix on August 20 , 1994 . The first two movies are feature length , but the third was originally aired in theaters with two other movies : Ghost Sweeper Mikami and Heisei Dog Stories : Bow . Following the ending of the TV series , 12 OVA episodes were released directly to home video , the earliest on December 7 , 1993 and the twelfth on October 20 , 2010 . In celebration of Rumiko Takahashi 's 35th anniversary as a manga artist , the TV series was released on Blu-ray for the first time in three box sets between May 24 , 2013 and January 24 , 2014 . Viz Media licensed both anime , the films and the first 11 OVAs for English dubs in North America . They labeled both anime as one series and first released it on subtitled and dubbed VHS , later combining it into seven DVD collections they call `` seasons '' . Besides changing the ordering of many of the anime episodes , Viz also added the third film to their set of the OVAs . They began re-releasing the show on Blu-ray and DVD in 2014 . Madman Entertainment released part of the anime series and the first two movies in Australasia , before their license expired , and MVM Films released the first two movies in the United Kingdom .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "857b83f61b5a71713b381c327afb78bc", "text": "List of Cat's Eye episodes is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Tsukasa Hojo . It was serialized in Weekly Shōnen Jump from 1981 to 1985 , and collected into 18 tankōbon by Shueisha . The story follows the adventures of the three Kisugi sisters , Hitomi , Rui and Ai , who are art thieves trying to collect all the works belonging to their missing father . Cat 's Eye was adapted into an anime series by Tokyo Movie Shinsha and directed by Yoshio Takeuchi . Thirty-Six episodes were broadcast between July 11 , 1983 until March 26 , 1984 . The opening theme Cat 's Eye by Anri . Dancing with the Sunshine was the ending theme . For episodes 1-12 it was performed by Anril . For episodes 13-36 it was performed by Cathi Linn . A Second series was later produced that ran for Thirty-Seven episodes from October 8 , 1984 until July 8 , 1985 . The opening theme was Derringer by Mariko Tone and the ending theme was Hot Stuff by Sherry Savage . For the 30th anniversary of the anime , the series was released in Japan on Blu-Ray format from a new transfer . Two boxsets , one for each series were published by King Records on March 13 , 2013 . The boxset for the second series came with a DVD-ROM of animation artwork . On April 16 , 2007 , ImaginAsian announced that they would broadcast the first season of Cat 's Eye on ImaginAsian TV , and would thereafter give the series its first North American home video release , which happened in September 2007 . The show began broadcasting in June of that year , with the first DVD released later that September . As of August 2008 , it is currently unavailable . However , ImaginAsian still held the license and was working to someday re-release the series . At Anime Expo 2013 , Right Stuf Inc. announced that they had licensed the series and will be release it on DVD under their Nozomi label .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8aa18c9fcf76a657914efff073daabd8", "text": "List of Ojarumaru episodes (series 3) The third series of the Ojarumaru anime series aired from April 5 to December 1 , 2000 on NHK for a total of 90 episodes . The series ' opening theme is `` Utahito '' by Saburō Kitajima . The ending theme is `` Kooni Trio no Theme '' ( 子鬼トリオのテーマ The Theme of the Oni Child Trio ) by Kazuya Ichijou , Omi Minami , and Yūji Ueda . The series was released on VHS by Nippon Crown across fifteen volumes , each containing 6 episodes , from June 21 , 2000 to February 21 , 2001 . Nippon Crown later released the series on DVD across two compilation volumes , each containing 10 selected episodes , simultaneously on January 22 , 2003 . The first volume contains episodes 181 , 185 , 186 , 201 , 214 , 215 , 217 , 221 , and 224 . The second volume contains episodes 225 , 230 , 238 , 240 , 242 , 246 , 251 , 253 , 264 , and 270 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bf0c017b76bd917d5d9f6faea135fac5", "text": "List of Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex episodes is a Japanese animated television series , based on Masamune Shirow 's manga Ghost in the Shell . The episodes were directed by Kenji Kamiyama , animated by Production I.G , and produced by Bandai Visual , Bandai Entertainment , Dentsu , Nippon Television Network , Tokuma Shoten , Victor Entertainment , and Manga Entertainment . Stand Alone Complex was first licensed and broadcast in 2002 by anime television network Animax across most of Asia , as well as Latin America . It was subsequently licensed in the United States and Canada by Bandai Entertainment and Manga Entertainment , in the United Kingdom by Manga Entertainment , and in Australia by Madman Entertainment . It continues to be broadcast in the United States as of May 2012 on Adult Swim , and was broadcast in Canada and the United Kingdom by YTV and AnimeCentral , respectively . In the original pay-per-view broadcasts , the opening theme for each episode is `` inner universe '' ( lyrics : Origa , Shanti Snyder ; music : Yoko Kanno ; vocals : Origa ) and the ending theme for each episode is `` lithium flower '' ( lyrics : Tim Jensen ; music : Yoko Kanno ; vocals : Scott Matthew ) . For the subsequent terrestrial television broadcasts , the opening theme for each episode is `` GET9 '' ( lyrics : Tim Jensen ; music : Yoko Kanno , vocals : jillmax ) and the ending theme is `` I do '' ( lyrics & vocals : Ilaria Graziano ; music Yoko Kanno ) . The original soundtrack , containing the original opening and closing themes in addition to other tracks from the series , was released by Victor Entertainment on January 22 , 2002 , in Japan , and by Bandai Visual on November 7 , 2004 , in the United States . Thirteen DVD compilations , each containing two episodes , were released by Bandai Visual between December 21 , 2002 , and December 21 , 2003 . The English adaptation of the anime was released in seven DVD compilations , each containing four episodes , by Manga Entertainment and Anchor Bay Entertainment between July 27 , 2004 , and July 26 , 2005 . Complete DVD collection boxes were released by Bandai Visual as a Limited Edition on July 27 , 2007 , in Japan , and by Manga Entertainment on October 31 , 2006 , in the United States . Stand Alone Complex contains 14 `` Stand Alone '' ( SA ) episodes and 12 `` Complex '' ( C ) episodes . Stand Alone episodes take place independently of the main plot and focus on Public Security Section 9 's investigation of isolated cases . Complex episodes advance the main plot , which follows Section 9 's investigation of the Laughing Man incident : the kidnapping and subsequent release of a Japanese CEO by a sophisticated hacker . A second season titled Ghost in the Shell : S.A.C. 2nd GIG was aired from January 1 , 2004 , to January 8 , 2005 . Unlike the first season , the second season has three designations denoting the type of episode : individual ( IN ) , dividual ( DI ) and dual ( DU ) . IN episodes tie in with the Individual Eleven storyline ; DI episodes are stand-alone episodes that may still be tied into other storylines ; and DU episodes tie in with the Cabinet Intelligence Service & Goda story-line ( though the two main storylines inter-relate ) . There are 11 individual , 11 dividual and 4 dual episodes . In the United States the TV Parental Guidelines system rated the episodes from TV-14 to TV-MA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "02ed128c5c3754ca1650dfeb8dddba38", "text": "Fantasia (Brazilian television program) `` Fantasia '' was a Brazilian television program hosted by several female models on SBT . It was an entertainment program in which people could participate in several games and earn money by phoning the program . It debuted on December 1 , 1997 . Many models from the program continued their career on TV . History of the Program First Season ( 1997 -- 1998 ) The first season , which was the most successful one , debuted on December 1 , 1997 , at 4:30 pm . It was hosted by Adriana Colin , Débora Rodrigues , Jackeline Petkovic and Valéria Balbi , and directed by Paulo Santoro . In March 1998 , Valéria Balbi left the program and the former dancers Amanda Françozo and Tânia Mara became hosts . The first season of the program ended on August 15 , 1998 . The official announcement of the cancellation of the program happened one day before its end . The reason why the program was canceled was that , since the month of April , the audience rate had been decreasing . Second Season ( 1998 -- 1999 ) On November 1 , 1998 , the program was back on Sundays , at midday , and it was hosted by Carla Perez . The program had some changes . The main change was the inclusion of musical attractions in addition to the games . Carla Perez also used to dance with her guests . The program was canceled again in August 1999 . Third Season ( 2000 ) On January 8 , 2000 , the program is back on the schedule of SBT , on Saturdays , from 2:15 pm to 7:20 pm . It was hosted by Celso Portiolli , Márcia Goldschmidt , Christina Rocha , Otávio Mesquita and Lu Barsotti . The program kept the same background and some of the dancers . It was canceled on June 10 , 2000 . Fourth Season ( 2007 -- 2008 ) On Tuesday , October 30 , 2007 , the program is back from 1:00 am to 3:00 am , being hosted by Helen Ganzarolli , Caco Rodrigues and Luiz Bacci . On the second day , Bacci had already left the program , which was then hosted only by Helen and Caco . In the fourth season , the format remained similar to the one of the previous seasons . The main changes were the reduction of the quantity of dancers ( the number was reduced from 75 to 35 girls ) and their clothes ( in the three previous seasons , they wore shorts and colored shirts ; in the fourth season , they wore bikinis ) . Between December 24 and January 12 , due to Christmas and New Year seasons , the program ran in the afternoon , at 3:00 pm , and the length of the program was reduced to one hour . On January 14 , the program started to run during the early hours of the day again , with its normal length of two hours . On Monday , March 10 , 2008 , the program was back to the afternoon , starting at 2:00 pm . However , seven days later , the program was canceled . The fourth season of the program started on Tuesday , October 30 , 2007 and ended on Monday , March 17 , 2008 . Hosts Adriana Colin ( 1997 -- 1998 ) Débora Rodrigues ( 1997 -- 1998 ) Jackeline Petkovic ( 1997 -- 1998 ) Valéria Balbi ( 1997 -- 1998 ) Amanda Françozo ( 1998 ) Tânia Mara ( 1998 ) Carla Perez ( 1998 -- 1999 ) Celso Portiolli ( 2000 ) Márcia Goldschmidt ( 2000 ) Christina Rocha ( 2000 ) Otávio Mesquita ( 2000 ) Lu Barsotti ( 2000 ) Helen Ganzarolli ( 2007 -- 2008 ) Caco Rodrigues ( 2007 -- 2008 ) Luiz Bacci ( 2007 ) Directors Paulo Santoro - First , second and third seasons . Caco Rodrigues - Fourth season . Fantasia girls ( 1997 -- 2008 ) Adriana Henriques Nunes Alexssandra Lima Aline Franco Aline Hauck Amanda Françozo Ana Lívia Montagna Ana Luísa ( Luisa ) Ana Rodrigues Ana Santiago Andressa Modro Angela Sanche Artero Angélica Baldini Ariana Nasi Ariane Aretha Bel Bruna Ganzarolli Carina Lima Carla Castilho Carla Carol Porcelli Carol Lopes Cátia Medeiros Cátia Verpa Cíntia Assis Cláudia Garcia Cinthia Lee Cristiane Sousa Cristiane Diniz Cristina Daiane Daiane Amêndola Daiane Carnaes Dani Sachetti Dani Sobreira Daniela de Gea Daniela Marcondes Daniele Fellit Danielle França Danielle Santos Dayse Conrado Deborah Abreu Débora Settim ( the only girl who participated in the four seasons of the program ) Denise Catão Denise Venturine Diana Santana Diovana Ester Elisabete Soares ( Bete ) Ellen Roche Érica Vieira Eveline Paschoalino Fabiana Bueno Fabiana Almeida Fernanda Boaventura ( Nanda ) Fernanda Did Fernanda Garcia Fernanda Morais Fernanda Vasconcellos Flávia Andrade Flávia Cristina Flávia Vega Gabriela Roncatti Gláucia Dinis Giovana Simioni Giovanna Hellen Pinheiro Izabella Camargo Ivy Giorge Jade Karen Jéssica Moreira Joyce Ribeiro Joyce Hernandes Juliana Domingues Juliana Kraieski Juliana Lima Juliana Scodeler Julianinha Jussara Binotto Karen Ern Kate Frazão Kátia Volkland Larissa Guerrero Leslie Balzano Lídia Dickel Lilian Ramos Lívia Andrade Lívia Lemos Luana Luane Pellegrino ( Lua ) Luciana Fontes Luma Simões Marcela Couto Mariana Campos ( Mari ) Maryanne Mayumi Michele Lozzo Michele Ruiz Michelle Nunes Milena Fraga Milene Uehara Mirella Ferraz Mônica Nucci Monalisa Celeste Natália Premici Natalie Firmino Nathalie Guilmoto ( Naty ) Pâmela Carvalho Patty Beijo Patrícia Prado Patrícia Salvador Paula Liebert Paula Magalhães Poliana Pollyana Morbach ( Polly ) Priscila Annunciato Queila Arantes Rabech Lima Rafaella Viscardi Rebech Lima Renata Dias Renata Fukumura Renata Nomura Renata Ponte Renata Paschoal Renata Sayuri Re Zoéga Roberta ( Beterraba ) Roberta Carbone Rosane Muniz Sabrina Caldana Sabrina Rosa Sandra Garcia Sara Prado Selma Roth Silvia Burigo Simone Bayer Simone ( Cacau ) Simone Mattos Simone Siqueira Solange Cunha Sttephannie Morais Suelen Gongalves Suellen Barreto Talita Colucci Talita Paganotti ( Talitinha ) Tânia Mara Tatiana de Paiva Tatiane Cortês Tatiane Marques ( Tati ) Tati Hudson Thaís Thaís ( 2007 - 2008 version ) Thais Ortega Vanessa Balsamo Vanessa Cesnik Vanessa Masan Vanessa Zotth Veronica Vick Vivian Vivi Fernandez Viviane Porto Wanessa Morgado Wanessa Siqueira", "title": "" }, { "docid": "144735a1bcccceb742e3c098a611ac03", "text": "Digimon Tamers , known outside Japan as season three of Digimon : Digital Monsters , is the third anime television series produced by Toei Animation based on the Japanese Digimon franchise . Unlike the previous seasons , Digimon Adventure and Digimon Adventure 02 , Tamers takes place in a different universe , where the first two seasons are a TV show . The show mostly takes place in the real world and revolves heavily around the collectible card game based on the series . This series is also known for its darker undertones and story plots , taking darker routes than in previous series . The anime has become controversial over the decade , with debates about how appropriate this show actually is for its `` target '' audience , especially due to Lovecraftian nature of the last arc . The English dub is more lighthearted dialogue-wise , though still not as much as previous series . Tamers aired in Japan between April 1 , 2001 and March 31 , 2002 , whilst an English-language version by Saban Entertainment aired in North America between September 1 , 2001 to June 8 , 2002 . A manga adaptation by Yuen Wong Yu ran between April and October 2004 . It was succeeded by Digimon Frontier .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a3d5e4799ad870f446b6513020839e17", "text": "Minha Loja de Discos Minha Loja de Discos ( miɲa loʒa dɛ dʒiscos ; English : My Record Store ) is a critically acclaimed TV documentary series introducing some of the most interesting and charming independent records stores and presenting the local music scenes of different cities . It is created by independent production house Ton Ton Films in co-production with Canal Bis . There have been 3 seasons of the program so far , with the first season focusing on the UK , the second season on the USA and the third season being a world-wide one . Each season includes 13 episodes ( 27 minutes each ) . Each of the episodes introduces one independent record store and its affiliated music scene , featuring owners , musicians , associated and local bands as well as staff and customers . The first season was initially broadcast weekly on the Brazilian TV channel Canal Bis over the period of three months , from July to September 2013 . The second season was initially broadcast from September to November 2014 , and the third season was broadcast from September to November 2015 . Minha Loja de Discos was very positively reviewed by the Brazilian press and audience , being one of the most successful Brazilian documentary productions about music within the past years . The second season was the largest Brazilian production ever made about North American music . Minha Loja de Discos was directed and produced by Elisa Kriezis and Rodrigo Pinto , scripted by Kika Serra and Pedro Serra , and edited by Felipe David Rodrigues .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09d97953725373f7c4ef1114695202c9", "text": "Bleach (season 3) The is the third season of the Bleach anime series . In the English adaptation of the anime released by Viz Media , the title of the season is translated as The Rescue . The episodes are directed by Noriyuki Abe and produced by TV Tokyo , Dentsu , and Studio Pierrot . The episodes are based on Tite Kubo 's Bleach manga series over twenty-two episodes . The episodes ' plot centers on Ichigo Kurosaki 's and his friends ' efforts to save Soul Reaper Rukia Kuchiki from execution by her superiors in the Soul Society . The season initially ran from July 26 , 2005 , to January 10 , 2006 , in Japan on TV Tokyo . The English adaptation of the season began airing on July 21 , 2007 on Adult Swim in the United States . On October 14 , 2007 , the Bleach anime went on a hiatus ; episodes resumed airing on March 2 , 2008 , and finished airing on May 11 , 2008 . The episodes use four pieces of theme music : two opening themes and two ending themes . The opening theme for the first ten episodes is `` D-TecnoLife '' by Uverworld ; the other episodes of the season use by High and Mighty Color . The two ending themes are `` HappyPeople '' by Skoop on Somebody , used from episode 42 to 52 , and Yui 's `` Life '' , which was used for the remainder of the episodes . Five DVD compilations , each containing four episodes of the season , with the exception of the last two discs with contain five episodes , were released by Aniplex between December 21 , 2005 to April 26 , 2006 . The English adaptation of the anime is distributed by Viz Media ; three DVD compilations have been released on July 22 , 2008 , September 23 , 2008 , and November 18 , 2008 respectively . Another DVD compilation was set for release on January 20 , 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a28b8f2059ead97d1ff281f84a452e02", "text": "Shameless (season 3) The third season of Shameless , an American comedy-drama television series based on the award-winning British series of the same name by Paul Abbott , premiered on January 13 , 2013 , at Sunday 9:00 p.m. EST on the Showtime television network . Executive producers are John Wells , Paul Abbott and Andrew Stearn , with producer Michael Hissrich . The season concluded after 12 episodes on April 7 , 2013 . The shows season premiere brought in 2.00 million viewers , becoming the show highest rated episode ever to-date . The episode airing February 17 , `` The Sins of My Caretaker '' , received 1.31 million total viewers , its lowest rated episode of the season . The season finale scored 1.82 million viewers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b1d931a83a88d882567aafb0f4b8eda", "text": "Kujibiki Unbalance , as it exists in the real world , is a three-episode OVA from the highly popular 2004 anime Genshiken , as well as a series of three light novels by Genshiken anime collaborator Michiko Yokote . Within the world of Genshiken , however , Kujibiki Unbalance is a popular ongoing manga and 26-episode anime adaptation , which is eagerly watched and discussed by the main characters . These same characters also purchase associated products and adult-oriented dojinshi based on the series , which constitute the motivation for some of the `` club activities '' held by the Genshiken . Genshiken characters who are fans of Kujibiki Unbalance tend to refer to it by the shorthand name of . The series is , in essence , a compilation of many of the standard themes found in certain kinds of anime and manga series : childhood promises as the source of relationship drama , the influential yet shadowy Student Council , somewhat contrived scenarios designed to push the plot forward , mid-series `` recaps '' to remind viewers of previous events , and a sudden crisis that threatens to alienate the main characters and jeopardizes the outcome of the series . Kujibiki Unbalance is meant to be a very stereotypical anime series , serving as both an homage to and a parody of the kinds of series that the otaku of Genshiken would enjoy . The series was originally shown both as short `` excerpts '' within the Genshiken manga , as well as three full OVA episodes ( labeled as episodes 1 , 21 , and 25 of an assumed 26-episode TV series ) released to DVD with Genshiken in Japan . At Comiket 69 , Media Factory announced the release of the second season of Genshiken , which was later clarified as being a 12-episode season of Kujibiki ♥ Unbalance . In a reversal of its OVA release alongside Genshiken , the DVD release of Kujibiki Unbalance included a total of three Genshiken OVA episodes , introducing the character Ogiue and continuing the plot of the manga from where the TV series left off .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a44f6ac1d4d4933158737781b753a88c", "text": "List of Pokémon: XY & Z episodes The nineteenth season of the long running Pokémon animated series is known as in Japan and internationally as Pokémon : XY&Z ( advertised as Pokémon the Series : XYZ ) . Ash , Serena , Clemont , and Bonnie continue their adventures in the Kalos region . Ash and his friends encounter the sinister Team Flare and meet the enigmatic Mega Evolution Trainer Alain . They delve into the mysteries surrounding the unique transformation of Ash 's Greninja and face a prophecy concerning the destruction of Kalos with the involvement of the Legendary Pokémon Zygarde . The season premiered in Japan between October 29 , 2015 and October 27 , 2016 on TV Tokyo . The season aired its premiere in the United States between February 20 , 2016 and January 21 , 2017 on Cartoon Network . Due to reports on Pokémon moving to Disney XD , the nineteenth season was the last season to air on Cartoon Network . The Japanese opening song is `` XY&Z '' by Rica Matsumoto . The Japanese ending song is `` Puni-chan 's Song '' by Mariya Ise . `` The Ballad of Nyarth '' is the Japanese ending song for the episode 進撃する巨石 ！ カロス防衛線 ！ ！ The Megalith Moves Forward ! The Kalos Line of Defense !! . The opening song for the English dub is `` Stand Tall '' by Ben Dixon and The Sad Truth . As of April 2017 , this season has been made available on Netflix . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7715c6d2158d1664e14b3fe0bf7fe7b7", "text": "The Simpsons The Simpsons is an American animated sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company . The series is a satirical depiction of working-class life epitomized by the Simpson family , which consists of Homer , Marge , Bart , Lisa , and Maggie . The show is set in the fictional town of Springfield and parodies American culture , society , television , and the human condition . The family was conceived by Groening shortly before a solicitation for a series of animated shorts with producer James L. Brooks . Groening created a dysfunctional family and named the characters after members of his own family , substituting Bart for his own name . The shorts became a part of The Tracey Ullman Show on April 19 , 1987 . After a three-season run , the sketch was developed into a half-hour prime time show and became an early hit for Fox , becoming the network 's first series to land in the Top 30 ratings in a season ( 1989 -- 90 ) . Since its debut on December 17 , 1989 , episodes of The Simpsons have been broadcast . Its 28th season began on September 25 , 2016 . It is the longest-running American sitcom and the longest-running American animated program , and , in 2009 , it surpassed Gunsmoke as the longest-running American scripted primetime television series . The Simpsons Movie , a feature-length film , was released in theaters worldwide on July 27 , 2007 , and grossed over $ 527 million . On November 4 , 2016 , the series was renewed for a twenty-ninth and thirtieth season of 22 episodes each , extending the show to 2019 . The Simpsons received widespread critical acclaim throughout its first nine seasons , which are generally considered its `` Golden Age '' . Time named it the 20th century 's best television series , and Erik Adams of The A.V. Club named it `` television 's crowning achievement regardless of format '' . On January 14 , 2000 , the Simpson family was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . It has won dozens of awards since it debuted as a series , including 31 Primetime Emmy Awards , 30 Annie Awards , and a Peabody Award . Homer 's exclamatory catchphrase `` D'oh ! '' has been adopted into the English language , while The Simpsons has influenced many adult-oriented animated sitcoms . Despite this , the show has also been criticized for what many perceive as a decline in quality over the years .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "719fa37fd10f966ff235afae7b515e15", "text": "Berklee College of Music Berklee College of Music , located in Boston , Massachusetts , United States , is the largest independent college of contemporary music in the world . Known for the study of jazz and modern American music , it also offers college-level courses in a wide range of contemporary and historic styles , including rock , flamenco , hip hop , reggae , salsa , and bluegrass . Since 2012 , Berklee College of Music has also operated a campus in Valencia , Spain . In December 2015 , Berklee College of Music and the Boston Conservatory agreed to a merger . The combined institution will be known as `` Berklee '' , with the conservatory becoming `` The Boston Conservatory at Berklee '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "32b31296854b47a90b4ae935fbbdeb55", "text": "Paul Simon Paul Frederic Simon ( born October 13 , 1941 ) is an American musician , singer-songwriter and actor . Simon 's fame , influence , and commercial success began as part of the duo Simon & Garfunkel , formed in 1964 with musical partner Art Garfunkel . Simon wrote nearly all of the pair 's songs , including three that reached No. 1 on the U.S. singles charts : `` The Sound of Silence '' , `` Mrs. Robinson '' , and `` Bridge over Troubled Water '' . The duo split up in 1970 at the height of their popularity and Simon began a successful solo career as a guitarist and singer-songwriter , recording three highly acclaimed albums over the next five years . In 1986 , he released Graceland , an album inspired by South African township music , which sold 14 million copies worldwide on its release and remains his most popular solo work . Simon also wrote and starred in the film One-Trick Pony ( 1980 ) and co-wrote the Broadway musical The Capeman ( 1998 ) with the poet Derek Walcott . On June 3 , 2016 , Simon released his 13th solo album , titled Stranger to Stranger , which debuted at No. 1 on the Billboard Album Chart and the UK charts . Simon has earned sixteen Grammys for his solo and collaborative work , including three for Album of the Year ( Bridge Over Troubled Water , Still Crazy After All These Years , Graceland ) , and a Lifetime Achievement Award . In 2001 , he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and in 2006 was selected as one of the `` 100 People Who Shaped the World '' by Time magazine . In 2011 , Rolling Stone magazine named Simon as one of the 100 Greatest Guitarists . In 2015 , he was named as one of the 100 Greatest Songwriters by Rolling Stone . Among many other honors , Simon was the first recipient of the Library of Congress 's Gershwin Prize for Popular Song in 2007 . In 1986 , Simon was awarded an Honorary Doctor of Music degree from Berklee College of Music , where he currently serves on the Board of Trustees .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "fdb493109991c9994c08823deca2497a", "text": "Simon Business School Simon Business School ( formerly known as the William E. Simon Graduate School of Business Administration ) is the business school of the University of Rochester . It is located on the University 's River Campus in Rochester , New York . It was renamed after William E. Simon ( 1927 -- 2000 ) , the 63rd United States Secretary of the Treasury , in 1986 . The school 's present dean is Andrew Ainslie . Simon Business School offers full-time , part-time , and executive ( based in either Rochester or Switzerland ) Master of Business Administration ( M.B.A. ) Programs , as well as Master of Science ( M.S. ) Programs . The school is home to substantial academic research enterprises and to a Ph.D. . Program in several business disciplines .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae161f581e66a8ece4ad2adc8cbccef4", "text": "École de musique Vincent-d'Indy L'école de musique Vincent-d'Indy is a subsidized private music college situated in Montreal , Quebec , Canada in the Outremont district , that specializes in music education .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e1edf7301a180c4420db9b02d747810", "text": "Pacifica Quartet The Pacifica Quartet is a professional string quartet based in Bloomington , Indiana . Its members are : Simin Ganatra , first violin ; Sibbi Bernhardsson , second violin ; Masumi Per Rostad , viola ; and Brandon Vamos , cello . Formed in 1994 , the group has won prizes in competitions such as the 1996 Coleman Chamber Music Competition , the 1997 Concert Artists Guild Competition , and the 1998 Naumburg Chamber Music Competition . It also received Chamber Music America 's prestigious Cleveland Quartet Award in 2002 , the Avery Fisher Career Grant in 2006 , and was named `` Ensemble of the Year '' by Musical America in 2009 . The Pacifica Quartet tours throughout the Americas , Europe , and Asia . The ensemble is known for its traversal of the complete string cycles of a single composer , and in recent years have toured and recorded the quartets of Elliott Carter , Mendelssohn , Beethoven and Shostakovich . Currently the ensemble serves as Quartet-in-Residence and full-time faculty at the Jacobs School of Music at Indiana University in Bloomington . The members of the Pacifica Quartet are also Resident Performing Artists at the University of Chicago and were previously the Quartet-in-Residence at the University of Illinois School of Music from 2003-2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d05ce5a9be29373d34896ac9bdd1da04", "text": "Twin Cities Hot Summer Jazz Festival The Twin Cities Jazz Festival is one of the largest free civic events in the upper Midwest , attracting upwards of 30,000 people . Founded in 1999 by festival promoter Steve Heckler , The main events of the festival are held at Mears Park in St. Paul in the Lowertown neighborhood . The festival closes several blocks and has utilized clubs such as the Bulldog , Hat Trick , Black Dog , Station 4 , Artists ' Quarter , Union Depot , Amsterdam , Heartland , Bedlam , SW Craft Bar , and more . For the first time in 2015 , the festival will present music at the newly opened CHS Field with Jack Brass Band opening for headliner Dr. John . In addition , Media partners have included Jazz 88 radio ( broadcasting live locally and streaming live on the internet internationally ) , WCCO-TV , The Rake , City Pages , Jazz Police , La Prenza and MPLS-St . Paul Magazine . The festival has also received extensive coverage in the Star Tribune , St. Paul Pioneer Press , The Minnesota Spokesman-Recorder and Skyway News . Festival performers have included : Joe Lovano , Chick Corea , Esperanza Spalding , Return to Forever , Dave Brubeck , Clark Terry , Monty Alexander , Gary Burton , Deodato , The Bad Plus with Joshua Redman , Danilo Pérez , Branford Marsalis , David `` Fathead '' Newman , Eric Alexander , Jimmy McGriff , Red Holloway , Jack McDuff , Joey DeFrancesco , Benny Golson , Dr. Lonnie Smith , Dewey Redman , Lew Tabackin , Bettye LaVette , Ira Sullivan , Spyro Gyra , Bernard Purdie , Melvin Rhyne , Ben Sidran , Von Freeman , Frank Morgan , Mose Allison , Butch Thompson , Bill Evans , Chris Michalek , Alicia Renee , Heatin ' System , Howard Levy , Debbie Duncan , Big Walter Smith , Percy Strother , Tiger Okoshi , Peter Schimke , Yellowjackets , Kristin Korb , Hiromi , Phil Hey Quartet , Duke Ellington Orchestra , Henry Johnson 's Organ Express , Nachito Herrera , Salsa del Soul , Bobby Sanabria , George Avaloz , Barbara Morrison , US Air Force Falconaires , Norman Simmons , David Young , Jon Weber , Jerry Weldon , Tony Monaco , Atlantis Quartet , and MN Big Band .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "25e74c5b47d97ae0b858731a470b8bef", "text": "Spring Garden College Spring Garden College , established as the Spring Garden Institute in 1851 , was a private technical college founded in Spring Garden , Pennsylvania ( now a part of Philadelphia ) . Its building at 523-25 North Broad Street was designed by architect Stephen Decatur Button . The Broad Street building housed the institute until 1969 , when the school moved to 102 East Mermaid Lane , was renamed `` Spring Garden College '' and bachelor 's degree programs were offered for the first time . In 1985 the college moved to 7500 Germantown Avenue in nearby Mt. Airy and then closed in the early 1990s . Prior to its closing , Spring Garden was regionally accredited by the Commission on Higher Education of the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools . Additionally , the Baccalaureate Degree programs in Computer Engineering Technology , Electronics engineering technology , and Mechanical Engineering Technology were accredited by the Technology Accreditation Commission of the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology ( ABET ) . On April 4 , 2014 , the academic records of Spring Garden College were transferred to the Automotive Training Center ( ATC ) campus in Warminster , Pennsylvania . ATC was founded in 1917 as a program of Spring Garden Institute , and separated from Spring Garden College in the 1990s . As of October 2015 , copies of transcripts may be obtained by mailing a request ( along with a check for $ 10 to ATC , dates of attendance , the student 's full name at the time of attendance , and the last four digits of the student 's social security number ) to : AUTOMOTIVE TRAINING CENTER 900 JOHNSVILLE BLVD WARMINSTER PA 18974 ATTN : Donna Ubele/Executive Director of Financial Aid", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55c59b4336c040b9fe51eecfc9952a76", "text": "Cleveland Quartet The Cleveland Quartet is a string quartet founded in 1969 by violinist Donald Weilerstein , at the time an instructor at the Cleveland Institute of Music , whose director Victor Babin had secured funding for an in-resident quartet ( the institute 's first ) to be headed by Weilerstein . Weilerstein formed the group that summer at the Marlboro Music School and Festival with violinist Peter Salaff , violist Martha Strongin Katz , and cellist Paul Katz . The group was initially called the `` New Cleveland Quartet . '' In 1971 , the group left the Cleveland Institute because of disagreements over teaching loads and took up residency at the University at Buffalo , The State University of New York ; they dropped the word `` New '' from their name at this time . In 1976 they made their final change of residency , moving to the Eastman School of Music in Rochester , New York . The quartet had three personnel changes : violist Atar Arad replaced Strongin Katz in 1980 ; violist James Dunham then replaced Arad in 1987 ; and William Preucil replaced Weilerstein as first violin in 1989 . The quartet disbanded in 1995 . Preucil became concertmaster of the Cleveland Orchestra , a position he still holds . Paul Katz , Martha Strongin Katz and Donald Weilerstein are on the faculty of the New England Conservatory of Music , and Weilerstein performs in a trio with his wife Vivian Hornik Weilerstein and his daughter , cellist Alisa Weilerstein ; Peter Salaff is on the faculty of the Cleveland Institute of Music ; Atar Arad teaches at the Jacobs School of Music at Indiana University ; and James Dunham teaches at the Shepherd School of Music at Rice University . The quartet has an extensive discography with RCA Red Seal and the Cleveland-based Telarc label .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cfec10062aef07845fccb69dec3ca5b5", "text": "Jerusalem University College Jerusalem University College , founded in 1957 and formerly known as the American Institute of Holy Land Studies , is an independent undergraduate and graduate academic institution in Israel used by a consortium of 85 North American theological seminaries and Christian colleges and universities , as well as schools from Africa and Asia . Students from non-consortium schools , including Christian and secular Universities , who meet the entrance requirements also attend . JUC has an independent two-year graduate program of courses leading to the degrees of Master of Arts in Biblical History , Geography , Middle Eastern Cultures and Religions . For consortium students , it offers a graduate or undergraduate semester or year abroad ( in Israel ) , as well as shorter two and three week courses . The school 's curriculum falls `` within the framework of the conservative evangelical Christian thought as represented by the members schools of the consortium , '' -- these schools include a wide range of Protestant traditions . JUC is accredited by the Asian Theological Association ( ATA ) and is an international affiliate of the Council for Christian Colleges and Universities The campus is located on Mount Zion outside the Old City of Jerusalem near the Jaffa Gate and overlooks the Hinnom Valley ( Valley of Gehenna ) . Since 1967 , the school 's campus has been the grounds of the Bishop Gobat School ( est. 1847 by Samuel Gobat ) , which moved in 1853 in the building erected on unused reserve land of the Protestant Mount Zion Cemetery . The cemetery is only reached through the campus . The company that operates Jerusalem University College has an office in Rockford , Illinois .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "faddac1bbe9a45fb1189f64a8fc23992", "text": "Chester College of New England Chester College of New England was a bachelor 's degree-granting college that provided a foundation in the liberal arts and the fine arts , complemented by majors in the professional arts . It opened in 1965 as White Pines College and closed at the end of the 2011-2012 academic year for financial reasons . Located in Chester , New Hampshire , the college offered degree programs in creative writing , professional writing , photography and media arts , graphic design , computer science , fine arts , communication arts and interdisciplinary arts . Chester College also offered minor programs in creative writing , illustration , photojournalism , and writing . The college featured a student-to-faculty ratio of 10:1 , artist-in-residence programs , and a program of guest lectures , exhibitions , art and photography exhibits , internships , and relationships with professional associations . In April 2012 the college disclosed an operating deficit . Despite fundraising efforts , in May 2012 , the college 's Board of Trustees announced that they had voted to close the college .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6523705adbbac4d2ab088dc66d6a7c1b", "text": "Marcel Simon Marcel Simon ( 10 April 1907 in Strasbourg -- 26 October 1986 ) was a French specialist in the history of religions , particularly relations between Christianity and Judaism in antiquity . Simon received an honorary doctorate by the Faculty of Theology at Uppsala University in 1980 . His major work , Verus Israel , was published in 1948 ; it has been described as ` seminal ' . He was closely associated with Henri Marrou , appreciating his layman 's approach to Vatican II .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fff4573eba98de1e9a4aa8b732d5f524", "text": "Wolfson College, Oxford Wolfson College -LSB- ˈwʊlfsən -RSB- is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England . Located in north Oxford along the River Cherwell , Wolfson is an all-graduate college with over sixty governing body fellows , in addition to both research and junior research fellows . It caters to a wide range of subjects , from the humanities to the social and natural sciences . The college is also Oxford University 's most international and interdisciplinary graduate college , with students from 75 nationalities enrolled in masters and doctoral programs . The liberal philosopher Sir Isaiah Berlin was the college 's first president , and was instrumental not only in its founding in 1965 , but establishing its tradition of academic excellence and egalitarianism . The college houses The Isaiah Berlin Literary Trust and the annual Isaiah Berlin Lecture . The current president of Wolfson College is Dame Hermione Lee , to be succeeded in Summer 2018 by Tim Hitchens . As of 2006 , the college had a financial endowment of # 33.5 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "628e4a781cfa3182b2cbba12e7c55943", "text": "World College West World College West was an undergraduate liberal arts college in Marin County , California . Founded by Dr. Richard M. Gray , it offered a program that integrated a grounding in the liberal arts with work-study and a required two-quarter `` World Study '' in a developing country . It opened with its first seven students on September 17 , 1973 . Fully accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges , World College West had programs in International Service and Development ( ISD ) , International Environmental Studies ( IES ) , Art and Society ( AS ) , and Meaning , Culture , and Change ( MCC ) . In later years , Business and International Business was added to the program line-up . ISD focused on the economic , political , and social development of `` Third World '' nations ; IES concentrated on the wise use and global conservation of natural resources ; AS examined the relationship between culture and the performing and visual arts ; and MCC focused on the variety of ways in which the world 's diverse cultures , through their systems of religion , philosophy , and tradition , give meaning and purpose to human life , and to the world around us . The college 's World Study Programs were established in China , Mexico , Nepal , India , Ghana , and Russia . Students could spend two quarters ( or six months ) studying in both an urban and rural setting in one of these countries . During the urban stay , students lived with a host family and attended regularly scheduled language , culture , and history classes . During the rural stay , students again lived with host families and conducted independent research studies while continuing to learn the country 's language . The college placed a special emphasis on work-study and internships , because the founders of the college believed that learning occurred best through `` disciplined reflection on experience '' . Once an area of study was selected , students were required to complete 480 internship hours in their field of study as part of their graduation requirement . During its first few years , the College leased space on the campus of the San Francisco Theological Seminary in San Anselmo , followed by several years in surplus army barracks at Fort Cronkhite on the Pacific Ocean . In the early 1980s the college moved to a permanent campus off U.S. Highway 101 in the rolling hills of northern Marin County , between Novato and Petaluma ( now the home of the Institute of Noetic Sciences ) . World College West closed due to inadequate funding in Fall of 1992 , the result of difficulties in succession after its founding president retired . The spirit of WCW lives on in Dick Gray 's successor institution Presidio World College . The hundreds of WCW alumni call themselves `` Westies '' . Category : Defunct universities and colleges in California Category : Educational institutions established in 1973 Category : Educational institutions disestablished in 1992 Category : Liberal arts colleges Category : Universities and colleges in Marin County , California Category :1973 establishments in California Category :1992 disestablishments in California", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e91ccc707d888c04ada67b72853b0cbd", "text": "Earlham College Earlham College is a private , liberal arts college in Richmond , Indiana . Established in 1847 by the Religious Society of Friends ( Quakers ) , Earlham welcomes students of all faiths and offers an education rooted in such Quaker values as integrity , a commitment to peace and social justice , mutual respect and community decision-making . Earlham is ranked 29th ( 98th percentile ) among 1,533 U.S. institutions of higher learning in the percentage of graduates who go on to receive Ph.D. s , and is 10th ( 99th percentile ) in producing Ph.D. s in the biological sciences and 14th ( 99th percentile ) in the life sciences . In 2016 , Earlham ranked number 61 among national liberal arts colleges by U.S. News & World Report . Forbes Magazine in 2016 ranked Earlham at 106 in private colleges and 82 in `` grateful grads . '' Forbes gave Earlham an A + financial rating . Earlham is member of the Colleges That Change Lives . Nearly half of Earlham alumni graduating in the last 10 years enrolled in graduate or professional school , including institutions such as Harvard Medical School , University of Pennsylvania , Columbia University , Washington University of St. Louis and the University of Oxford in England . Earlham is primarily a residential undergraduate college , but also offers a Master of Arts in Teaching , which provides a route for teacher licensure to students with liberal arts undergraduate degrees . There is also an affiliated graduate seminary , the Earlham School of Religion , which offers three master 's degrees : a Master of Divinity , Master of Ministry , and Master of Arts in Religion . Earlham College is listed in Loren Pope 's book , Colleges That Change Lives , and has produced two Nobel laureates ( both in chemistry ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "236f16fa6a4b6b8146e499a7a4798925", "text": "American Musical Instrument Society The American Musical Instrument Society ( AMIS ) was formed in 1971 `` to promote study of the history , design , and use of musical instruments in all cultures and from all periods '' ( the branch of musicology known as organology ) . Based in the United States , it publishes a journal and a newsletter , holds annual conferences ( occasionally in conjunction with the Galpin Society ) , maintains an active website and e-mail forum , and presents five awards . The society 's international membership includes collectors , curators , historians , performers , instrument makers , conservators , restorers , dealers , teachers , and students . The Journal of the American Musical Instrument Society , ( ISSN 0362-3300 ) published annually , contains three to six articles , generously illustrated , on a wide range of subjects ; book reviews ; a list of recent publications about musical instruments ; and notices and advertisements . Articles published have been reviewed by expert members of the journal 's editorial board . Copies of the journal are available in institutional libraries on four continents ; its contents may be accessed on ProQuest , an online source . An index to back issues is available at the AMIS website . The Newsletter of the American Musical Instrument Society , published twice a year , contains official notices and news of the society 's activities ; short articles , reviews and communications ; recent acquisition lists from member institutions ; news of members , and classified ads . Current and recent issues are archived on the AMIS web site . AMIS-L is a Listserv e-mail forum for AMIS members and designated others . It was established following the international joint conference of AMIS , the Galpin Society , and CIMCIM at the National Music Museum in Vermillion , South Dakota , in May 2006 , to facilitate continuing informal communications among members . The Curt Sachs Award , named for a founder of the modern systematic study of musical instruments , is given for lifetime contributions to the goals of the society . The recipient is invited to address members of AMIS at the society 's annual meeting . Past recipients of this and other awards are listed on the society 's web site . In 2008 William Waterhouse received the award posthumously . The Nicholas Bessaraboff Prize , named for the scholar who helped lay the foundations of modern organology with his monumental catalog Ancient European Musical Instruments , is awarded for best book-length publication in English . The prize , which includes a sum of $ 500 , was first given in 1989 and was awarded every second year thereafter to 2009 , when it became an annual award . The Frances Densmore Prize , named for the pioneering ethnographer who recorded musical practices of Native Americans on hundreds of wax cylinders and in important books , is awarded for the most significant article-length publication in English . The prize , which includes a sum of $ 500 , was first given in 1988 and was awarded every second year thereafter to 2009 , when it became an annual award . The Frederick Selch Award , named for an important collector of American musical instruments who was a founding member and second president of AMIS , was established in 2004 to honor the best student paper presented at an annual meeting of AMIS . The prize , which includes a sum of $ 250 , is awarded at the discretion of a committee appointed by the AMIS president . The William E. Gribbon Memorial Award , named for a woodwind collector and longtime AMIS member , was established in 1989 to encourage and enable students to attend the annual meetings of AMIS . The award consists of a student membership in AMIS for one year and substantial financial support for travel and lodging . Applicants must be aged thirty-five years or under , be enrolled as full-time undergraduate or graduate students in accredited academic programs , and have career interests that relate to the purposes of AMIS .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "397c2c81a7dde74ecd4488f09ba64c09", "text": "Joe Simon (musician) Joe Simon ( born September 2 , 1943 ) is an American chart-topping , Grammy Award winning , soul and R&B musician . A consistent presence on the US charts between 1964 and 1981 , Simon charted 51 U.S. Pop and R&B chart Hits between 1964 and 1981 , including eight times in the US top forty , and thirty-eight times in the top 40 of the US R&B charts , and 13 chart hits in Canada . His biggest hits included three number one entries on the US Billboard R&B chart : `` The Chokin ' Kind '' ( 1969 ) , `` Power Of Love '' ( 1972 ) , and `` Get Down , Get Down ( Get on the Floor ) '' ( 1975 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "420181c102249635ac2ea219df063f9a", "text": "Homeward Bound (song) `` Homeward Bound '' is a song by American music duo Simon & Garfunkel from their third studio album , Parsley , Sage , Rosemary and Thyme ( 1966 ) , although it was recorded during the sessions for their second album Sounds of Silence and included on that album in the UK . Produced by Bob Johnston , the song was released as a single on January 19 , 1966 by Columbia Records . Written by Paul Simon , the song was composed in 1964 during his period in England . Away from his girlfriend , Kathy Chitty , while touring clubs , Simon felt depressed and homesick . He first penned the song on a scrap of paper at Widnes railway station . `` Homeward Bound '' was the duo 's second single , the follow-up to their enormously successful breakthrough hit `` The Sound of Silence '' . It performed very well domestically , peaking at number five on the Billboard Hot 100 , remaining on the charts for 12 weeks . Internationally , the song performed best in Canada , where it hit number two ; it was also a top five hit in the Netherlands .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7be1677cfc5ee9c9fc9e4adc08d94a6", "text": "Arts Horizons Arts Horizons is a not-for-profit arts-in-education organization that provides live professional performances and artist-in-residence programs to students and professional development for teachers throughout New York , New Jersey and Connecticut . Arts Horizons ' mission is `` to foster development of the whole person and to improve education by delivering quality arts programs and activities to schools and communities . '' The organization was founded in 1978 by John Devol under the name `` Festival of Music . '' In 1995 , the organization changed its title to `` Arts Horizons '' . Arts Horizons has , since its founding , presented programs to over eight million students , teachers and community members . In 2008 Arts Horizons created the Paul Newman Award for Services to Arts and Children . The award is bestowed to individuals who have exhibited outstanding contributions to arts education . Also in 2008 , LeRoy Neiman donated $ 1 million to the organization to open its first permanent youth arts center in Harlem .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "867deb9fa694662bf52a5a57e77fb206", "text": "Union College Union College is a private , non-denominational liberal arts college located in Schenectady , New York , United States . Founded in 1795 , it was the first institution of higher learning chartered by the New York State Board of Regents . In the 19th century , it became the `` Mother of Fraternities '' , as three of the earliest such organizations were established there . After 175 years as a traditional all-male institution , Union College began enrolling women in 1970 . The college offers a liberal arts curriculum across some 21 academic departments , as well as opportunities for interdepartmental majors and self-designed organizing theme majors . In common with most liberal arts colleges , Union offers a wide array of courses in arts , sciences , literature , and foreign languages , but , in common with only a few other liberal arts colleges , Union also offers ABET-accredited undergraduate degrees in computer engineering , bioengineering , electrical engineering , and mechanical engineering . Approximately 25 % of students major in the social sciences ; 10 % in psychology ; 11 % in engineering ; 10 % in biology ; 9 % in history ; and 10 % in the humanities ; while some 5 % design their own majors . By the time they graduate , about 60 % of Union students will have engaged in some form of international study or study abroad .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc1e4bd5b1d97311a50f0a6e7a852fce", "text": "Paul Clark (Christian musician) Paul Clark is a musician who was involved in the Jesus music movement and early contemporary Christian music industry . He was born in Kansas City and recorded his first album in 1971 , Songs from the Saviour Vol 1 . Its songs became one of the first signs of the growing `` Jesus Movement '' of the early 70s . He went on to record a further albums including Songs From The Savior - Volume Two , Come Into His Presence and Good To Be Home with Paul Clark and Friends ( including Phil Keaggy , Jay Truax , John Mehler , Bill speer , Mike Burhart , and more ) , then launched the well received , award-winning 1977 album Hand to the Plow . In 1978 he followed up with Change in the Wind and in 1980 with Aim for the Heart . These three albums had some jazz influences and were well-produced in the context of other Christian music of the time . Aim for the Heart featured Abraham Laboriel on bass along with Harlan Rogers , Hadley Hockensmith and Bill Maxwell and was certainly jazz influenced . Those four went on to become members of Koinonia jazz band from 1982 till about 1990 . Clark is recognized as one of the founding fathers of the Jesus Movement and the contemporary Christian music industry . During his 13-year association with Word Records in the 1970s and 1980s , Clark 's songwriting , record producing and performances placed him in the forefront along with artists like Phil Keaggy , 2nd Chapter of Acts , Love Song , Larry Norman , Andraé Crouch , Honeytree , Keith Green , Randy Stonehill , Barry McGuire , and many notable others . He is also interested in fine art photography and entering 2010 is currently working on two new CD projects and releasing two books .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "484f7e632ab4e11c0c24456103b8c932", "text": "Paul Hall Center for Maritime Training and Education The Paul Hall Center for Maritime Training and Education is a merchant marine educational facility in Piney Point , Maryland which is affiliated with the Seafarers International Union . Founded in 1967 in Brooklyn , New York as the `` The Seafarers ' Harry Lundeberg School of Seamanship '' , the Paul Hall Center is the largest training facility for deep sea merchant seafarers and inland waterways boatmen in the United States . The school was moved to the 60 acre plot at the confluence of the Potomac River and St. George 's Creek at the Piney Point location in 1991 , and at the same time renamed after former SIU president Paul Hall . According to SIU , `` Tens of thousands of rated and licensed seamen have completed upgrading classes at the training center . Additionally , more than 21,000 men and women from every state in the U.S. , Puerto Rico and several U.S. territories have graduated from the trainee program for those just beginning their maritime careers . '' The center features a number of buildings , including : the Joseph Sacco Fire Fighting and Safety School , the Seafarers Harry Lundeberg School of Seamanship , the Thomas B. Crowley Sr. . Education Center , and the Paul Hall Library and Maritime Museum . The Romeo Lupinacci Culinary lab Prior to the opening of the Paul Hall Center , SIU maintained training facilities at five different ports . In 1966 , the union bought the Piney Point site . The program grew to include other offerings , such as a reading skills program , a high-school equivalency program , an adult basic skills program , and English as a Second Language program . In 1978 , SIU entered into an arrangement with Charles County Community College of Maryland which allows participants to earn an Associates of Arts degree . In 1993 , the Maryland Higher Education Commission authorized the college program to change its degree award to an Associate of Applied Science degree and to a certificate program in Maritime Technology .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ef0d0bda38d2801a9f9695d9b981812", "text": "George Peabody Medal The George Peabody Medal , named in honour of George Peabody , is the highest honour bestowed by the Peabody Institute of The Johns Hopkins University . The award , established in 1980 , honours individuals who have made exceptional contributions to music in America .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "6e8ce3158f42e00b2338293523059075", "text": "Killer whale The killer whale or orca ( Orcinus orca ) is a toothed whale belonging to the oceanic dolphin family , of which it is the largest member . Killer whales have a diverse diet , although individual populations often specialize in particular types of prey . Some feed exclusively on fish , while others hunt marine mammals such as seals and dolphins . They have been known to attack baleen whale calves , and even adult whales . Killer whales are apex predators , as there is no animal that preys on them . Killer whales are considered a cosmopolitan species , and can be found in each of the world 's oceans in a variety of marine environments , from Arctic and Antarctic regions to tropical seas . Killer whales are highly social ; some populations are composed of matrilineal family groups ( pods ) which are the most stable of any animal species . Their sophisticated hunting techniques and vocal behaviours , which are often specific to a particular group and passed across generations , have been described as manifestations of animal culture . The International Union for Conservation of Nature currently assesses the orca 's conservation status as data deficient because of the likelihood that two or more killer whale types are separate species . Some local populations are considered threatened or endangered due to prey depletion , habitat loss , pollution ( by PCBs ) , capture for marine mammal parks , and conflicts with human fisheries . In late 2005 , the Southern Resident Killer Whales , the population that inhabits British Columbia and Washington state waters , were placed on the U.S. Endangered Species list . Wild killer whales are not considered a threat to humans , but there have been cases of captive orcas killing or injuring their handlers at marine theme parks . Killer whales feature strongly in the mythologies of indigenous cultures , with their reputation ranging from being the souls of humans to merciless killers .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "26176aec970c894a9e3edd87f6f4613e", "text": "Spotted dolphin Spotted dolphin refers to either one of two closely related dolphin species , being : Atlantic spotted dolphin , Stenella frontalis pantropical spotted dolphin , Stenella attenuata While the pantropical spotted dolphin can be found around the world 's oceans where a tropical or subtropical climate exists , the Atlantic spotted dolphin can only be found in the Atlantic Ocean . Category : Oceanic dolphins", "title": "" }, { "docid": "301ce2468a8c41a0769212c1e4dfb74a", "text": "Coral reef fish Coral reef fish are fish which live amongst or in close relation to coral reefs . Coral reefs form complex ecosystems with tremendous biodiversity . Among the myriad inhabitants , the fish stand out as colourful and interesting to watch . Hundreds of species can exist in a small area of a healthy reef , many of them hidden or well camouflaged . Reef fish have developed many ingenious specialisations adapted to survival on the reefs . Coral reefs occupy less than one percent of the surface area of the world oceans , but still they provide a home for 25 percent of all marine fish species . Reef habitats are a sharp contrast to the open water habitats that make up the other 99 % of the world oceans . However , loss and degradation of coral reef habitat , increasing pollution , and overfishing including the use of destructive fishing practices , are threatening the survival of the coral reefs and the associated reef fish .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "51802ea2dd8315259856dae72648587a", "text": "Humboldt Current The Humboldt Current System ( HCS ) , also called the Peru Current , is a major Eastern Boundary Upwelling Ecosystem that flows north along the western coast of South America . It is an eastern boundary current flowing in the direction of the equator , and extend 500-1 ,000 kilometers offshore . The Humboldt Current is named after the Prussian naturalist Alexander von Humboldt . In 1846 , von Humboldt reported measurements of the cold-water current in his book Cosmos . The current extends from the southern Chile ( ~ 45 'S ) to northern Peru ( ~ 4 'S ) where cold , upwelled waters intersect warm tropical waters to form the Equatorial Front . Sea surface temperatures off the coast of Peru , around 5 'S , reach temperatures as low as 16 ' C . This is highly uncharacteristic of tropical waters , as most other regions have temperatures measuring above 25 ' C. Upwelling brings nutrients to the surface , which support phytoplankton and ultimately increase biological productivity . Upwelling within the current is not uniform across the entire system . Three notable upwelling subsystems are produced by this current : i ) seasonal upwelling in Chile , ii ) upwelling `` shadow '' that is less productive , but still large in northern Chile and Southern Peru , and iii ) year-round upwelling in Peru . The Humboldt Current is considered a Class I , highly productive ( > 300 gC/m2-yr ) , ecosystem . It is the most productive eastern boundary current system . It accounts for roughly 18-20 % of the total worldwide marine fish catch . The species are mostly pelagic : sardines , anchovies and jack mackerel . The system 's high productivity supports other important fishery resources as well as marine mammals ( eared seals and cetaceans ) and seabirds . The cold , nutrient-rich water brought to the surface by upwelling drives the system 's extraordinary productivity.Periodically , the upwelling that drives the system 's productivity is disrupted by the El Niño-Southern Oscillation ( ENSO ) event . When this occurs , fish abundance and distribution are significantly affected , often leading to stock crashes and cascading social and economic impacts . These events have led to sequential changes , where sardines and anchovies have replaced each other periodically as the dominant species in the ecosystem . These species changes can have negative consequences for the fishing industry and the economies of the countries that fish the system . The Humboldt has a considerable cooling influence on the climate of Chile , Peru and Ecuador . It is also largely responsible for the aridity of Atacama Desert in northern Chile and coastal areas of Peru and also of the aridity of southern Ecuador . Marine air is cooled by the current and thus is not conducive to generating precipitation ( although clouds and fog are produced ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1dc3b31f69f3f84de4473be50b47897e", "text": "Great hammerhead The great hammerhead ( Sphyrna mokarran ) is the largest species of hammerhead shark , belonging to the family Sphyrnidae , attaining a maximum length of 6.1 m . It is found in tropical and warm temperate waters worldwide , inhabiting coastal areas and the continental shelf . The great hammerhead can be distinguished from other hammerheads by the shape of its `` hammer '' ( called the `` cephalofoil '' ) , which is wide with an almost straight front margin , and by its tall , sickle-shaped first dorsal fin . A solitary , strong-swimming apex predator , the great hammerhead feeds on a wide variety of prey ranging from crustaceans and cephalopods , to bony fish , to smaller sharks . Observations of this species in the wild suggest that the cephalofoil functions to immobilize stingrays , a favored prey . This species has a viviparous mode of reproduction , bearing litters of up to 55 pups every two years . Although potentially dangerous , the great hammerhead rarely attacks humans . It sometimes behaves inquisitively toward divers and should be treated with respect . This shark is heavily fished for its large fins , which are extremely valuable on the Asian market as the main ingredient of shark fin soup . As a result , great hammerhead populations are declining substantially worldwide , and it has been assessed as Endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature ( IUCN ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a4d48fcbdec0e3fb5add8248d110eaa4", "text": "Drift ice Drift ice is any sea ice other than fast ice , the latter being attached ( `` fastened '' ) to the shoreline or other fixed objects ( shoals , grounded icebergs , etc. ) . Drift ice is carried along by winds and sea currents , hence its name . When drift ice is driven together into a large single mass ( > 70 % coverage ) , it is called pack ice . Wind and currents can pile up that ice to form ridges up to several metres in height . These represent a challenge for icebreakers and offshore structures operating in cold oceans and seas . Drift ice consists of floes , individual pieces of sea ice 20 m or more across . There are names for various floe sizes : small -- 20 m to 100 m ; medium -- 100 m to 500 m ; big -- 500 m to 2000 m ; vast -- 2 km to 10 km ; and giant -- more than 10 km . Seasonal ice drift in the Sea of Okhotsk by the northern coast of Hokkaidō , Japan has become a tourist attraction of this area with harsh climate , and is one of the 100 Soundscapes of Japan . The Sea of Okhotsk is the southernmost area in the Northern hemisphere where drift ice may be observed . Drift ice affects : Security of navigation Climatic impact ( see Polar ice packs ) Geological impact Biosphere influence ( see Ecology of sea ice ) The two major ice packs are the Arctic ice pack and the Antarctic ice pack . The most important areas of pack ice are the polar ice packs formed from seawater in the Earth 's polar regions : the Arctic ice pack of the Arctic Ocean and the Antarctic ice pack of the Southern Ocean . Polar packs significantly change their size during seasonal changes of the year . Because of vast amounts of water added to or removed from the oceans and atmosphere , the behavior of polar ice packs has a significant impact on global changes in climate .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c9bde1fc0c87d22870a442a65b16c03", "text": "Oceanic plateau An oceanic or submarine plateau is a large , relatively flat elevation that is higher than the surrounding relief with one or more relatively steep sides . There are 184 oceanic plateaus covering an area of 18,486,600 km2 , or about 5.11 % of the oceans . The South Pacific region around Australia and New Zealand contains the greatest number of oceanic plateaus ( see map ) . Oceanic plateaus produced by large igneous provinces are often associated with hotspots , mantle plumes , and volcanic islands -- such as Iceland , Hawaii , Cape Verde , and Kerguelen . The three largest plateaus , the Caribbean , Ontong Java , and Mid-Pacific Mountains , are located on thermal swells . Other oceanic plateaus , however , are made of rifted continental crust , for example Falkland Plateau , Lord Howe Rise , and parts of Kerguelen , Seychelles , and Arctic ridges . Plateaus formed by large igneous provinces were formed by the equivalent of continental flood basalts such as the Deccan Traps in India and the Snake River Plain in the United States . In contrast to continental flood basalts , most igneous oceanic plateaus erupt through young and thin ( 6 - ) mafic or ultra-mafic crust and are therefore uncontaminated by felsic crust and representative for their mantle sources . These plateaus often rise 2 - above the surrounding ocean floor and are more buoyant than oceanic crust . They therefore tend to withstand subduction , more-so when thick and when reaching subduction zones shortly after their formations . As a consequence , they tend to `` dock '' to continental margins and be preserved as accreted terranes . Such terranes are often better preserved than the exposed parts of continental flood basalts and are therefore a better record of large-scale volcanic eruptions throughout Earth 's history . This `` docking '' also means that oceanic plateaus are important contributors to the growth of continental crust . Their formations often had a dramatic impact on global climate , such as the most recent plateaus formed , the three , large , Cretaceous oceanic plateaus in the Pacific and Indian Ocean : Ontong Java , Kerguelen , and Caribbean .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65ad70634841663041be000ffc301d35", "text": "Whalers Bay (Svalbard) Whaler 's Bay is a bay in Svalbard in the Arctic Ocean . The former whaling grounds to the north of Nordaustlandet ( roughly ) , the second largest island of the Svalbard archipelago are called Whaler 's Bay and the bowhead whale has been abundant in this region . The West Spitsbergen Current ( WSC ) transports salt and internal energy through Fram Strait into Whaler 's bay . Oceanographic field-studies suggest that the waters on the surface are mainly influenced by atmospheric cooling . Other studies claim that the warm temperature correlates with the sea ice extent in this area .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93fb6a1be7c31e533ec3e5f0672dd4c1", "text": "Hudson Complex The Hudson Complex is a marine ecoregion in Canada , part of the Arctic marine realm . The Hudson Complex includes Hudson Bay and smaller James Bay to the south , as well as the Foxe Basin , Hudson Strait and Ungava Bay . The Canadian mainland surrounds the Hudson Complex on the west and south , and Baffin Island on the north . Straits connect the Hudson Complex to other marine ecoregions to the northwest and east . A line connecting Cape Chidley , Resolution Island and Baffin Island serves as the western boundary of the ecoregion , where it transitions to the Northern Labrador marine ecoregion to the east . The Fury and Hecla Strait , between Baffin Island and the Melville Peninsula , is the transition to the Lancaster Sound marine ecoregion to the northwest .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "638fd3969ab6703cb87070bd28533cc0", "text": "Maui's dolphin Maui 's dolphin or popoto ( Cephalorhynchus hectori maui ) is the world 's rarest and smallest known subspecies of dolphin . They are a subspecies of the Hector 's dolphin . Maui 's dolphins are only found off the west coast of New Zealand 's North Island . Hector 's and Maui 's are New Zealand 's only endemic cetaceans . Maui 's dolphins are generally found close to shore in groups or pods of several dolphins . They are generally seen in water shallower than 20 m , but may also range further offshore . The dolphin is threatened by set-netting and trawling . Based on estimates from 2012 , in May 2014 , the World Wildlife Fund in New Zealand launched `` The Last 55 '' campaign , calling for a full ban over what it believed is their entire range . The International Whaling Commission supports more fishing restrictions , but the New Zealand government has resisted the demands and questioned the reliability of the evidence presented to the IWC that Maui 's dolphins inhabit the areas they are said to inhabit . In June 2014 , the government decided to open up 3000 km2 of the West Coast North Island Marine Mammal Sanctuary -- the main habitat of the Maui 's dolphin -- for oil drilling . This amounts to one-quarter of the total sanctuary area . In May 2015 , estimates suggested that the population had declined to 43-47 individuals , of which only 10 were mature females .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b612d6ddfd9321f4c7814dcc9c2d33fe", "text": "Ceratiidae Sea devils are the family of deep-sea anglerfish known as the Ceratiidae , from the Greek keras , `` horn '' , referring to the bioluminescent lure that projects from the fishes ' forehead . They are among the most widespread of the anglerfishes , found in all oceans from the tropics to the Antarctic . They are large and elongated : females of the largest species , Krøyer 's deep sea angler fish , Ceratias holboelli , reach 1.2 m in length . Males , by contrast , are much smaller , reaching 14 cm , and , like other anglerfishes , spend much of their lives attached to a female after a free-living adolescent stage in which they are very small - at most 1.3 cm - and have sharp , beak-like , toothless jaws . One or more males attach themselves permanently to a female , eventually merging circulatory systems . As this genetic chimera matures , the male grows large testicles , while the rest of its body atrophies . Ceratioidea are the only creatures known to become chimeras as a normal part of their lifecycle .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "707aed3c2c621a94120a70d101ecce9a", "text": "The Whaling Museum & Education Center The Whaling Museum & Education Center , formerly known as the The Whaling Museum , is a maritime museum located in Cold Spring Harbor , New York dedicated to exploring the local history and impact of the whaling industry , the maritime heritage of Long Island , and the relationship between people and the ocean . The mission is to explore the ever-changing relationship between humans and whales through inquiry-based education and interpretation of artifacts that emphasize the cultural , scientific and environmental significance of Long Island and the Sea . We help members and visitors make informed decisions about our marine environment . The Museum serves 20,000 visitors annuallyand is accredited by the American Alliance of Museums . Located in a historic 19th century waterside village on the North Shore of Suffolk County , the Whaling Museum Society was founded in 1936 , with the Museum opening its front doors in 1942 . Current exhibit space is 2500 square feet , which includes an educational workshop . The Museum is the only facility in New York State open year-round which focuses on the prominent whaling history of the region and its meaningful applications in today 's world . The museum holds about 6,000 documents and artifacts from Cold Spring Harbor and other Long Island whaling towns . Highlights of the collection include New York State 's only fully equipped 19th-century whaleboat with original gear and one of the most notable scrimshaw collections in the northeast . Additional displays include whaling implements , ship 's gear , navigational aids , ship models and maritime art . The library and archival collection contains 2,800 primary and secondary volumes and manuscript material from the Cold Spring whaling fleet , ship 's logs , journals and business correspondence of the Cold Spring Whaling Company , family documents dealing with maritime commerce on Long Island , records of the Long Island coastwise trade under sail and records from the Cold Spring Harbor Customs House ( 1798 until 1908 ) . The museum hosts educational events and exhibitions year-round , including films , lectures , performances , and special events , many of which creatively connect the subject of whaling to other subjects in art , science , and culture . The museum 's education department runs an extensive `` Museum to You '' program , as well as camp weeks during school breaks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "16aac9e43276843bba2befd8a250316b", "text": "Grenadiers (fish) Grenadiers or rattails are generally large , brown to black gadiform marine fish of the family Macrouridae . Found at great depths from the Arctic to Antarctic , members of this family are amongst the most abundant of the deep-sea fish . The macrourids form a large and diverse family with 28 extant genera recognized ( well over half of the total species are contained in just three genera , Coelorinchus , Coryphaenoides , and Nezumia ) . They range in length from about 10 cm in Hymenogadus gracilis to 1.5 m in Albatrossia pectoralis . An important commercial fishery exists for the larger species , such as the giant grenadier and Coryphaenoides rupestris . The family as a whole may represent up to 15 % of the deep-sea fish population . Typified by large heads with large mouths and eyes , grenadiers have slender bodies that taper greatly to very thin caudal peduncles or tails ( excluding one species with no tail fin ) : this rat-like tail explains the common name ` rattail ' and the family name Macrouridae , from the Greek makros meaning `` great '' and oura meaning `` tail '' . The first dorsal fin is small , high , and pointed ( and may be spinous ) ; the second dorsal fin runs along the rest of the back and merges with the tail and extensive anal fin . The scales are small . As with many deep-living fish , the lateral line system in grenadiers is well-developed ; it is further aided by numerous chemoreceptors located on the head and lips and chemosensory barbels underneath the chin . Benthic species have gas bladders with unique muscles attached to them . The animals are thought to use these muscles to `` strum '' their gas bladders and produce sound , possibly playing a role in courtship and mate location . Light-producing organs , photophores , are present in some species ; they are located in the middle of the abdomen , just before the anus and underneath the skin . Living at depths from 200 to , grenadiers are the most common benthic fish of the deep ( however , two genera are known to prefer the midwater ) . They may be solitary or may form large schools , as with the roundnose grenadiers . The benthic species are attracted to structural oases , such as hydrothermal vents , cold seeps , and shipwrecks . They are thought to be generalists , feeding on smaller fish , pelagic crustaceans such as shrimp , amphipods , cumaceans , and less often cephalopods and lanternfish . As well as being important apex predators in the benthic habitat , some species are also notable as scavengers . As few rattail larvae have been recovered , little is known of their life histories . They are known to produce a large number ( over 100,000 ) of tiny ( 1 - in diameter ) eggs made buoyant by lipid droplets . The eggs are presumed to float up to the thermocline ( the interface between warmer surface waters and cold , deeper waters ) where they develop . The juveniles remain in shallower waters , gradually migrating to greater depths with age . Spawning may or may not be tied to the seasons , depending on the species . At least one species , Coryphaenoides armatus , is thought to be semelparous ; that is , the adults die after spawning . Nonsemelparous species may live to 56 years or more . The macrourids , in general , are thought to have low resilience ; commercially exploited species may be overfished and this could soon lead to a collapse of their fisheries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e49960196061ff4b64a9afb469f1735", "text": "Omura's whale Omura 's whale or the dwarf fin whale ( Balaenoptera omurai ) is a species of rorqual about which very little is known . Before its formal description , it was referred to as a small , `` dwarf '' or `` pygmy '' form of Bryde 's whale by various sources . The common name and specific epithet commemorate Japanese cetologist Hideo Omura . The scientific description of this whale was made in Nature in 2003 by three Japanese scientists . They determined the existence of the species by analysing the morphology and mitochondrial DNA of nine individuals -- eight caught by Japanese research vessels in the late 1970s in the Indo-Pacific and an adult female collected in 1998 from Tsunoshima , an island in the Sea of Japan . Later , abundant genetic evidence confirmed Omura 's whale as a valid species and revealed it to be an early offshoot from the rorqual lineage , diverging much earlier than Bryde 's and sei whales . It is perhaps more closely related to its larger relative , the blue whale . In the third edition of Mammal Species of the World , the `` species '' is relegated to being a synonym of Balaenoptera edeni . However , the authors note that this is subject to a revision of the genus . The database ITIS lists this as a valid taxon , noting a caveat on the disputed systematics of this species , Balaenoptera edeni and Balaenoptera brydei .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5b51fd1bd9c320283107ace1793ba19", "text": "Geography of Antarctica The geography of Antarctica is dominated by its south polar location and , thus , by ice . The Antarctic continent , located in the Earth 's southern hemisphere , is centered asymmetrically around the South Pole and largely south of the Antarctic Circle . It is washed by the Southern ( or Antarctic ) Ocean or , depending on definition , the southern Pacific , Atlantic , and Indian Oceans . It has an area of more than 14 million km ² . Some 98 % of Antarctica is covered by the Antarctic ice sheet , the world 's largest ice sheet and also its largest reservoir of fresh water . Averaging at least 1.6 km thick , the ice is so massive that it has depressed the continental bedrock in some areas more than 2.5 km below sea level ; subglacial lakes of liquid water also occur ( e.g. , Lake Vostok ) . Ice shelves and rises populate the ice sheet on the periphery .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c35f17c5e17de1c45a57c9f642b60051", "text": "Whale (disambiguation) A whale is a sea mammal . Whale or The Whale may also refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d4b80d5368be3fc2fff11cad196ae509", "text": "Antarctic minke whale The Antarctic minke whale or southern minke whale ( Balaenoptera bonaerensis ) is a species of minke whale within the suborder of baleen whales . It is the second smallest rorqual after the common minke whale and the third smallest baleen whale . Although first scientifically described in the mid-19th century , it was not recognized as a distinct species until the 1990s . Once ignored by the whaling industry due to its small size and low oil yield , the Antarctic minke was able to avoid the fate of other baleen whales and maintained a large population into the 21st century , numbering in the hundreds of thousands . Surviving to become the most abundant baleen whale in the world , it is now one of the mainstays of the industry alongside its cosmopolitan counterpart the common minke . It is primarily restricted to the Southern Hemisphere ( although vagrants have been reported in the North Atlantic ) and feeds mainly on euphausiids .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e5e2e7bcbde40774ec4f51ea60d666e0", "text": "Archipelagic state An archipelagic state is any internationally recognized state or country that comprises a series of islands that form an archipelago . The term is defined by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea in order to define what borders such states should be allowed to claim . In various conferences , Fiji , Indonesia , Papua New Guinea , the Bahamas , and the Philippines are the five sovereign states that obtained approval in the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea signed in Montego Bay , Jamaica on December 10 , 1982 and qualified as archipelagic states . Archipelagic states are states that are composed of groups of islands forming a state as a single unit , with the islands and the waters within the baselines as internal waters . Under this concept ( `` archipelagic doctrine '' ) , an archipelago shall be regarded as a single unit , so that the waters around , between , and connecting the islands of the archipelago , irrespective of their breadth and dimensions , form part of the internal waters of the state , and are subject to its exclusive sovereignty . The approval of the United Nations for the five sovereign states as archipelagic states respect existing agreements with other countries and shall recognize traditional fishing rights and other legitimate activities of the immediately adjacent neighboring countries in certain areas falling within archipelagic waters . The terms and conditions for the exercise of such rights and activities , including the nature , the extent and the areas to which they apply , shall , at the request of any of the countries concerned , be regulated by bilateral agreements between them . Such rights shall not be transferred to or shared with third countries or their nationals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8902a4135ff1f14633767a454c2d0fe3", "text": "Caribbean reef shark The Caribbean reef shark ( Carcharhinus perezii ) is a species of requiem shark , belonging to the family Carcharhinidae . It is found in the tropical waters of the western Atlantic Ocean from Florida to Brazil , and is the most commonly encountered reef shark in the Caribbean Sea . With a robust , streamlined body typical of the requiem sharks , this species is difficult to tell apart from other large members of its family such as the dusky shark ( C. obscurus ) and the silky shark ( C. falciformis ) . Distinguishing characteristics include dusky-colored fins without prominent markings , a short free rear tip on the second dorsal fin , and tooth shape and number . Measuring up to 3 m long , the Caribbean reef shark is one of the largest apex predators in the reef ecosystem , feeding on a variety of fishes and cephalopods . They have been documented resting motionless on the sea bottom or inside caves , unusual behavior for an active-swimming shark . If threatened , it may perform a threat display in which it frequently changes direction and dips its pectoral fins . Like other requiem sharks , it is viviparous with females giving birth to 4 -- 6 young every other year . Caribbean reef sharks are of some importance to fisheries as a source of meat , leather , liver oil , and fishmeal , but recently they have become more valuable as an ecotourist attraction . In the Bahamas and elsewhere , bait is used to attract them to groups of divers in controversial `` shark feedings '' . This species is responsible for a small number of attacks on humans . The shark attacks usually happen in the spring/summer part of the year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f72cf0e64fc002c820172cfcf01d95ff", "text": "Sea of Japan naming dispute A dispute exists over the international name for the body of water which is bordered by Japan , North Korea , Russia , and South Korea . In 1992 , objections to the name Sea of Japan were first raised by North Korea and South Korea at the Sixth United Nations Conference on the Standardization of Geographical Names . The Japanese government supports the use of the name `` Sea of Japan '' , while South Korea supports the name `` East Sea '' , and North Korea supports the name `` East Sea of Korea '' . Currently , most international maps and documents use either the name Sea of Japan ( or equivalent translation ) by itself , or include both the name Sea of Japan and East Sea , often with East Sea listed in parentheses or otherwise marked as a secondary name . The International Hydrographic Organization , the international governing body for the naming of bodies of water around the world , in 2012 decided not to change the current single name `` Sea of Japan '' rejecting South Korea 's request to use `` East Sea '' together with `` Sea of Japan '' . The involved countries ( especially Japan and South Korea ) have advanced a variety of arguments to support their preferred name ( s ) . Many of the arguments revolve around determining when the name Sea of Japan became the common name . South Korea argues that historically the more common name was East Sea , Sea of Korea , or another similar variant . South Korea further argues that the name Sea of Japan did not become common until Korea was under Japanese rule , at which time it had no ability to influence international affairs . Japan argues that the name Sea of Japan has been the most common international name since at least the beginning of the 19th century , long before its annexation of Korea . Both sides have conducted studies of antiquarian maps , but the two countries have produced divergent research results . Additional arguments have been raised regarding the underlying geography of the sea as well as potential problems regarding the ambiguity of one name or the other .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d37da03e01544a29069cd42900ddf14", "text": "Pack hunter A pack hunter or social predator is a predator belonging to the animal kingdom which has evolved to hunt its prey by working together with other members of its species . Normally animals hunting in this way are closely related , and with the exceptions of humans and chimpanzees where only males normally hunt , all individuals in a family group will contribute to hunting . The most commonly known pack hunter is the gray wolf , the closest wild relative of all breeds of domesticated dog . Humans and their closest-living relatives chimpanzees are also pack hunters . Other pack hunting mammals include dolphins , lions , dwarf and banded mongooses and spotted hyenas . A number of avian social predators exist , including the Harris 's hawk , butcherbirds , three of four kookaburra species and many helmetshrikes . There are a few cold-blooded pack hunters including simple arthropods such as army ants , the yellow saddle goatfish and occasionally crocodiles . There is a possibility that some non-avian theropod dinosaurs displayed pack behavior as well . A social animal that always hunts , singly such as the domestic cat , is not a pack hunter . Pack hunting is typically associated with cooperative breeding and its concentration in the Afrotropical Region is a reflection of this . Most pack hunters are found in the southern African savannas , with a notable absence in tropical rainforests and with the exception of the wolf and coyote , higher latitudes . It is thought that either on the ancient and poor soils of the southern African savanna it is not possible for individual predators to find adequate food , or that the environment 's inherent unpredictability due to ENSO or IOD events means that in very bad conditions it will not be possible to raise the young necessary to prevent declining populations from adult mortality . It is also argued that Africa 's very large area of continuous flat and open country , which was even more extensive while rainforest contracted during glacial periods of the Quaternary , may have helped encourage pack hunting to become much more common than on any other continent . A shared pack hunting history is thought to be the main conduit through which humans have been able to form a mutual relationship with dogs ( that is , domestication ) , as both species are highly social and inter-dependent . Humans easily take over the dominance hierarchy of dogs as subordinates instinctively follow the `` alpha '' individual and dogs are accustomed to living very close together When wolves hunt a Moose or Elk , it sometimes takes to deep water to avoid the pack . A wolf response to this behavior is that the pack rests with one or two wolves annoying the prey until it gets fatigued .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "48929d0db43509ad9e93c04b85b6cea4", "text": "Gran Torino Gran Torino is a 2008 American drama film directed and produced by Clint Eastwood , who also starred in the film . The film co-stars Christopher Carley , Bee Vang and Ahney Her . This was Eastwood 's first starring role since 2004 's Million Dollar Baby . The film features a large Hmong American cast , as well as one of Eastwood 's younger sons , Scott . Eastwood 's oldest son , Kyle , provided the score . Gran Torino opened via a limited theatrical release in North America on December 12 , 2008 , and later to a worldwide release on January 9 , 2009 . Set in Detroit , Michigan , it is the first mainstream American film to feature Hmong Americans . Many Lao Hmong war refugees resettled in the U.S. following the communist takeover of Laos in 1975 . The story follows Walt Kowalski , a recently widowed Korean War veteran alienated from his family and angry at the world . Walt 's young neighbor , Thao Vang Lor , is pressured by his cousin into stealing Walt 's prized 1972 Ford Gran Torino for his initiation into a gang . Walt thwarts the theft with his M1 Garand rifle and subsequently develops a relationship with the boy and his family . Gran Torino was a critical and commercial success , grossing nearly $ 270 million worldwide ( making it Eastwood 's second highest-grossing film to date ) . Within the Hmong community in the United States , the film received both praise and criticism .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef5b880e6ab68e96134c1c196339fe40", "text": "Pale Rider Pale Rider is a 1985 American western film produced and directed by Clint Eastwood , who also stars in the lead role . The title is a reference to the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse , as the rider of a pale horse is Death . The film , which took in nearly $ 41 million at the box office , became the highest grossing Western of the 1980s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b8af11e0cf9517414b169503d0e3610", "text": "Every Which Way but Loose (film) Every Which Way but Loose is a 1978 American adventure comedy film , released by Warner Brothers , produced by Robert Daley and directed by James Fargo . It stars Clint Eastwood in an uncharacteristic and offbeat comedy role , as Philo Beddoe , a trucker and brawler roaming the American West in search of a lost love while accompanied by his friend/manager , Orville , and his pet orangutan , Clyde . In the process Philo manages to cross a motley assortment of characters , including a pair of police officers and an entire motorcycle gang ( the `` Black Widows '' ) , who end up pursuing him for revenge . Eastwood 's appearance in the film , after his string of spaghetti western and Dirty Harry roles , somewhat startled the film industry and he was reportedly advised against making it . Although it was panned by critics , the film went on to become an enormous success and became , along with its 1980 sequel Any Which Way You Can , two of the highest grossing Eastwood films . When adjusted for inflation , it still ranks as one of the top 200 highest-grossing films of all time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "988a2fab1ab6ec930804ca46c953a038", "text": "Heartbreak Ridge Heartbreak Ridge is a 1986 American Technicolor war film directed and produced by Clint Eastwood , who also starred in the film . The film also co-stars Mario Van Peebles , Marsha Mason , and Everett McGill . The film was released in the United States on December 5 , 1986 . The story involves the actions of a small group of U.S. Marines during the American invasion of Grenada in 1983 . A portion of the film was filmed on the island . The title comes from the Battle of Heartbreak Ridge in the Korean War . The character played by Eastwood received the Medal of Honor for his actions in the U.S. Army there , even though he is now a U.S. Marine . The film was the 1000th to be released in Dolby Stereo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef18722d29949b28cb60c21cdf6e9193", "text": "Clint Eastwood Clinton Eastwood Jr. '' ' ( born May 31 , 1930 ) is an American actor , filmmaker , musician , and political figure . After achieving success in the Western TV series Rawhide , he rose to international fame with his role as the Man with No Name in Sergio Leone 's Dollars trilogy of spaghetti Westerns during the 1960s , and as antihero cop Harry Callahan in the five Dirty Harry films throughout the 1970s and 1980s . These roles , among others , have made Eastwood an enduring cultural icon of masculinity . For his work in the Western film Unforgiven ( 1992 ) and the sports drama Million Dollar Baby ( 2004 ) , Eastwood won Academy Awards for Best Director and Best Picture , as well as receiving nominations for Best Actor . Eastwood 's greatest commercial successes have been the adventure comedy Every Which Way But Loose ( 1978 ) and its sequel , the action comedy Any Which Way You Can ( 1980 ) , after adjustment for inflation . Other popular films include the Western Hang 'Em High ( 1968 ) , the psychological thriller Play Misty for Me ( 1971 ) , the crime film Thunderbolt and Lightfoot ( 1974 ) , the Western The Outlaw Josey Wales ( 1976 ) , the prison film Escape from Alcatraz ( 1979 ) , the action film Firefox ( 1982 ) , the suspense thriller Tightrope ( 1984 ) , the Western Pale Rider ( 1985 ) , the war films Where Eagles Dare ( 1968 ) , Heartbreak Ridge ( 1986 ) , the action thriller In the Line of Fire ( 1993 ) , the romantic drama The Bridges of Madison County ( 1995 ) , and the drama Gran Torino ( 2008 ) . In addition to directing many of his own star vehicles , Eastwood has also directed films in which he did not appear , such as the mystery drama Mystic River ( 2003 ) and the war film Letters from Iwo Jima ( 2006 ) , for which he received Academy Award nominations , and the drama Changeling ( 2008 ) . The war drama biopic American Sniper '' ( 2014 ) set box office records for the largest January release ever and was also the largest opening ever for an Eastwood film . Eastwood received considerable critical praise in France for several films , including some that were not well received in the United States . Eastwood has been awarded two of France 's highest honors : in 1994 he became a recipient of the Commander of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres , and in 2007 he was awarded the Legion of Honour medal . In 2000 , Eastwood was awarded the Italian Venice Film Festival Golden Lion for lifetime achievement . Since 1967 , Eastwood has run his own production company , Malpaso , which has produced all but four of his American films . Starting in 1986 , Eastwood served for two years as Mayor of Carmel-by-the-Sea , California , a non-partisan office .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc83f17d814e233987296bd9e9fe09c6", "text": "Escape from Alcatraz (film) Escape from Alcatraz is a 1979 American prison thriller film directed by Don Siegel . It is an adaptation of the 1963 non-fiction book of the same name by J. Campbell Bruce and dramatizes the 1962 prisoner escape from the maximum security prison on Alcatraz Island . The film stars Clint Eastwood , Jack Thibeau and Fred Ward as prisoners Frank Morris , Clarence Anglin and John Anglin . Allen West was played by Larry Hankin ; his character 's name was changed to Charley Butts . Patrick McGoohan portrays the suspicious , vindictive warden and Danny Glover appears in his film debut . Escape from Alcatraz marks the fifth and final collaboration between Siegel and Eastwood , following Coogan 's Bluff ( 1968 ) , Two Mules for Sister Sara ( 1970 ) , The Beguiled ( 1971 ) and Dirty Harry ( 1971 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e19a29db236297eafaf7dd084e2bbc4", "text": "Tightrope (film) Tightrope is a 1984 American suspense thriller produced by and starring Clint Eastwood and written and directed by Richard Tuggle .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "853e25be4884d79ee2573b5372c44821", "text": "Thunderbolt and Lightfoot Thunderbolt and Lightfoot is a 1974 American crime film written and directed by Michael Cimino and starring Clint Eastwood , Jeff Bridges , George Kennedy , and Geoffrey Lewis .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21a0e96cb6e1f15b7a9c9e1826112b6e", "text": "Hang 'Em High Hang 'Em High is a 1968 American DeLuxe Color revisionist Western film directed by Ted Post and produced and co-written by Leonard Freeman . It stars Clint Eastwood as Jed Cooper , an innocent man who survives a lynching ; Inger Stevens as a widow who helps him ; Ed Begley as the leader of the gang that lynched Cooper ; and Pat Hingle as the judge who hires him as a U.S. Marshal . Hang 'Em High was the first production of the Malpaso Company , Eastwood 's production company . Hingle portrays a fictional judge who mirrors Judge Isaac Parker , who was labeled the `` Hanging Judge '' due to the large number of men he sentenced to be executed during his service as District Judge of the Western District of Arkansas . The film also depicts the dangers of serving as a U.S. marshal during that period , as many federal marshals were killed while serving under Parker . The fictional Fort Grant , base for operations for that district judge seat , is also a mirror of the factual Fort Smith , Arkansas , where Judge Parker 's court was located .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b09279835f04f975a246377deb6120e", "text": "In the Line of Fire In the Line of Fire is a 1993 American action thriller film , directed by Wolfgang Petersen and starring Clint Eastwood , John Malkovich and Rene Russo . Written by Jeff Maguire , the film is about a disillusioned and obsessed former CIA agent who attempts to assassinate the President of the United States and the Secret Service agent who tracks him . Eastwood 's character is the sole active-duty Secret Service agent remaining from the detail guarding John F. Kennedy in Dallas , Texas , at the time of his assassination in 1963 . The film also stars Dylan McDermott , Gary Cole , John Mahoney , and Fred Thompson . The film was co-produced by Columbia Pictures and Castle Rock Entertainment , with Columbia handling distribution . Eastwood and Petersen also originally offered the role of Leary to Robert De Niro , who turned it down due to scheduling conflicts with A Bronx Tale . After In the Line of Fire , Eastwood directed every film he starred in , until 2012 's Trouble with the Curve .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "58df964a6ef4b3f9d79743306e426675", "text": "Play Misty for Me Play Misty for Me is a 1971 American psychological thriller film , directed by and starring Clint Eastwood , in his directorial debut . Jessica Walter and Donna Mills co-star . The original music score was composed by Dee Barton . In the film , Eastwood plays the role of a radio disc jockey being stalked by an obsessed female fan . The film was a critical and financial success , with Walter earning praise for her first major film role .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f2f4058cf02dae074d8e0726e8a4348", "text": "The Outlaw Josey Wales The Outlaw Josey Wales ' is a 1976 American revisionist Western DeLuxe Color and Panavision film set during and after the American Civil War . It was directed by and starred Clint Eastwood ( as the eponymous Josey Wales ) , with Chief Dan George , Sondra Locke , Sam Bottoms , and Geraldine Keams . The film tells the story of Josey Wales , a Missouri farmer whose family is murdered by Union militants during the Civil War . Driven to revenge , Wales joins a Confederate guerrilla band and fights in the Civil War . After the war , all the fighters in Wales ' group except for Wales surrender to Union officers , but they end up being massacred . Wales becomes an outlaw and is pursued by bounty hunters and Union soldiers . The film was adapted by Sonia Chernus and Philip Kaufman from author Forrest Carter 's 1973 novel The Rebel Outlaw : Josey Wales ( republished , as shown in the movie 's opening credits , as Gone to Texas ) . The film was a commercial success , earning $ 31.8 million against a $ 3.7 million budget . In 1996 , the film was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry of the Library of Congress for being deemed `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . Josey Wales was portrayed by Michael Parks in the film 's 1986 sequel , The Return of Josey Wales '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3218b20bdcdc2550d0c0f0f6d623cdc0", "text": "Firefox (film) Firefox is a 1982 American DeLuxe Color techno-thriller film produced , directed by and starring Clint Eastwood in Panavision . It is based upon the 1977 novel of the same name by Craig Thomas . Though the film was set in Russia , authentic filming locations were not possible due to the Cold War , forcing Eastwood 's and Fritz Manes 's Malpaso Company to rely on Vienna and other locations in Austria to double for many of the Eurasian story locations . The film was shot on a $ 21 million budget , the largest production budget ever for Malpaso . Of that amount , over $ 20 million was spent on special effects .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45b3f69116623fbf7004eca8f8eb3ec3", "text": "Where Eagles Dare Where Eagles Dare is a British 1968 World War II action film starring Richard Burton , Clint Eastwood , Mary Ure , and Ingrid Pitt . It was directed by Brian G. Hutton and shot on location in Austria and Bavaria . Alistair MacLean wrote the novel of the same name and the screenplay at the same time . It was his first screenplay ; both film and book became commercial successes . The film involved some of the top moviemaking professionals of the time and is considered a classic . Major contributors included Hollywood stuntman Yakima Canutt , who as second-unit director shot most of the action scenes ; British stuntman Alf Joint who doubled for Burton in such sequences as the fight on top of the cable car ; award-winning conductor and composer Ron Goodwin , who wrote the film score ; and future Oscar-nominee Arthur Ibbetson , who worked on its cinematography . The film is noted for the phrase `` Broadsword calling Danny Boy '' , used by Richard Burton several times throughout .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "1e423dfe97f5055c74a244cd9d34a2c3", "text": "Clint Eastwood at the 2012 Republican National Convention On Thursday , August 30 , 2012 , American actor and director Clint Eastwood gave a speech at the Republican National Convention . Eastwood had endorsed Mitt Romney for the 2012 United States presidential election earlier that month , and spent much of his speech 's running time on a largely improvised routine in which he addressed an empty chair that represented President Barack Obama . The speech , broadcast in a prime time slot , was viewed live by around 30 million Americans . It generated many responses and much discussion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21f186e7bb9fea6d9a4591b460448272", "text": "Paint Your Wagon (film) Paint Your Wagon is a 1969 Western musical film starring Lee Marvin , Clint Eastwood , and Jean Seberg . The film was adapted by Paddy Chayefsky from the 1951 musical Paint Your Wagon by Lerner and Loewe . It is set in a mining camp in Gold Rush-era California . It was directed by Joshua Logan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9dc4e3dd3c9dce603088faad246127c1", "text": "The Law vs. Billy the Kid The Law vs. Billy the Kid is a 1954 Western film starring Scott Brady as Billy the Kid . It was directed by William Castle .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dac78f212b1443cdcb8053df0900ccac", "text": "Clint Eastwood bibliography A list of books and essays about Clint Eastwood : Eastwood Category : Clint Eastwood", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab776c8e054188f0657ac63f8105ecf6", "text": "Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series . Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments . The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8e790c3e3e9c6a35cb12e61b684bd69", "text": "Rocky Rocky is a 1976 American sports drama film directed by John G. Avildsen and both written by and starring Sylvester Stallone . It tells the rags to riches American Dream story of Rocky Balboa , an uneducated but kind-hearted working class Italian-American boxer working in a meat warehouse and as a debt collector for a loan shark in the slums of Philadelphia . Rocky starts out as a small-time club fighter , and later gets a shot at the world heavyweight championship . The film also stars Talia Shire as Adrian , Burt Young as Adrian 's brother Paulie , Burgess Meredith as Rocky 's trainer Mickey Goldmill , and Carl Weathers as the champion , Apollo Creed . The film , made on a budget of just over $ 1 million and shot in 28 days , was a sleeper hit ; it earned $ 225 million in global box office receipts , becoming the highest-grossing film of 1976 , and went on to win three Oscars , including Best Picture . The film received many positive reviews and turned Stallone into a major star . In 2006 , the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being `` culturally , historically or aesthetically significant '' . Rocky is considered to be one of the greatest sports films ever made and was ranked as the second-best in the genre , after Raging Bull , by the American Film Institute in 2008 . The film has spawned six sequels : Rocky II ( 1979 ) , Rocky III ( 1982 ) , Rocky IV ( 1985 ) , Rocky V ( 1990 ) , Rocky Balboa ( 2006 ) and Creed ( 2015 ) . Stallone portrays Rocky in all six sequels , wrote the first five , and directed four ( Avildsen returned to direct Rocky V and Ryan Coogler directed Creed ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bf1a2307523d4c5a181842e0793df62a", "text": "List of Republic Pictures films This is a list of films produced and distributed by Republic Pictures . Republic Pictures was an American independent film production-distribution corporation with studio facilities , operating from 1935 through 1959 , and was best known for specializing in westerns , serials , and B films emphasizing mystery and action .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a913a508bcb016d99cd6c7e4975a6a1", "text": "Major film studio A major film studio is a production and film distributor that releases a substantial number of films annually and consistently commands a significant share of box office revenue in a given market . In the North American , Western , and global markets , the major film studios , often simply known as the majors , are commonly regarded as the six diversified media conglomerates whose various film production and distribution subsidiaries collectively command approximately 80 to 85 percent of U.S. and Canadian box office revenue . The term may also be applied more specifically to the primary motion picture business subsidiary of each respective conglomerate . The `` Big Six '' majors , whose operations are based in or around the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood , are all centered in film studios active during Hollywood 's Golden Age of the 1930s and 1940s . In three cases -- 20th Century Fox , Warner Bros. , and Paramount -- the studios were one of the `` Big Five '' majors during that era as well . In two cases -- Columbia and Universal -- the studios were also considered majors , but in the next tier down , part of the `` Little Three '' . In the sixth case , Walt Disney Studios was an independent production company during the Golden Age ; it was an important Hollywood entity , but not a major . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , United Artists , and RKO were majors . Today , Disney is the only member of the Big Six whose parent entity is still located near Los Angeles ( actually , on Disney 's studio lot and in the same building ) . The five others report to conglomerates headquartered in New York City , Philadelphia , and Tokyo . Of the Big Six , Paramount is the only one still based in Hollywood , and Paramount and Fox are the only ones still located within the Los Angeles city limits , while Disney and Warner Bros. are located in Burbank , Columbia in Culver City , and Universal in the unincorporated area of Universal City . Most of today 's Big Six control subsidiaries with their own distribution networks that concentrate on arthouse pictures ( e.g. Fox Searchlight Pictures ) or genre films ( e.g. Sony 's Screen Gems ) ; several of these specialty units were shut down or sold off between 2008 and 2010 . The six major studios are contrasted with smaller production and/or distribution companies , which are known as independents or `` indies '' . The leading independent producer/distributors -- Lionsgate Films , The Weinstein Company , and former major studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer -- are sometimes referred to as `` mini-majors '' . From 1998 through 2005 , DreamWorks SKG commanded a large enough market share to arguably qualify it as a seventh major , despite its relatively small output . In 2006 , DreamWorks was acquired by Viacom , Paramount 's corporate parent . In late 2008 , DreamWorks once again became an independent production company ; its films were distributed by Disney 's Touchstone Pictures until 2016 , at which point distribution switched to Universal . The Big Six major studios are today primarily backers and distributors of films whose actual production is largely handled by independent companies -- either long-running entities or ones created for and dedicated to the making of a specific film . The specialty divisions often simply acquire distribution rights to pictures in which the studio has had no prior involvement . While the majors still do a modicum of true production , their activities are focused more in the areas of development , financing , marketing , and merchandising . Those business functions are still usually performed in or near Los Angeles , even though the runaway production phenomenon means that most films are now mostly or completely shot on location at places outside Los Angeles . Since the dawn of filmmaking , the U.S. major film studios have dominated both American cinema and the global film industry . U.S. studios have benefited from a strong first-mover advantage in that they were the first to industrialize filmmaking and master the art of mass-producing and distributing high-quality films with broad cross-cultural appeal . Today , the Big Six majors routinely distribute hundreds of films every year into all significant international markets ( that is , where discretionary income is high enough for consumers to afford to watch films ) . It is very rare , if not impossible , for a film to reach a broad international audience on multiple continents and in multiple languages without first being picked up by one of the majors for distribution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "752227b3b7a63d61f5f2d679802fae77", "text": "Golden Boot Awards The Golden Boot Awards is an American acknowledgment of achievement honoring actors , actresses , and crew members who have made significant contributions to the genre of Western television and movies . The award is sponsored and presented by the Motion Picture & Television Fund . Money raised at the award banquet is used to help finance various services offered by the Fund to those in the entertainment industry . Actor Pat Buttram conceived the idea of the Golden Boot Award , and the first ones were presented in 1983 . The awards appear to have been discontinued since 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18a75c5ad0c17a861ba966e0fbe71d59", "text": "BAFTA Award for Best Film The BAFTA Award for Best Film is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . It has been given since the 1st BAFTA Awards , representing the best films of 1947 , but until 1969 it was called the BAFTA Award for Best Film From Any Source . It is possible for films from any country to be nominated , although British films are also recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best British Film and ( since 1983 ) foreign-language films in BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language . As such , there have been multiple occasions of a film being nominated in two of these categories . There has been one tie for the Best Film award when , in 1962 , Ballad of a Soldier tied with The Hustler for Best Film from any Source . Until 1981 , the award was given to the director , except in 1976 and 1977 , when it was given to the producers . From 1981 to 1985 , it was given solely to the producers , and then in 1986 , it was shared between the Director and Producer . In 1998 , it was once again given to only the producers . In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c27c4e7d472297c9b72c96d14abb20e", "text": "List of action films of the 1960s This is chronological list of action films released before the 1970s . Often there may be considerable overlap particularly between action and other genres ( including horror , comedy , and science fiction films ) ; the list should attempt to document films which are more closely related to action , even if they bend genres . Action films are generally considered a post-Classical Hollywood film genre . Additions to this category before the 1970s should be used sparingly , and films before the 1960s are not to be included .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "98b3f2107f01cbaac5ebeef654965cf1", "text": "Acid Western Acid Western is a subgenre of the Western film that emerged in the 1960s and 1970s that combines the metaphorical ambitions of critically acclaimed Westerns , like Shane and The Searchers , with the excesses of the Spaghetti Westerns and the outlook of the 1960s counter-culture . Acid Westerns subvert many of the conventions of earlier Westerns to `` conjure up a crazed version of autodestructive white America at its most solipsistic , hankering after its own lost origins '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "697580c81479770dc6c70a31e36dd7f8", "text": "B movie A B movie is a low-budget commercial movie , but one that is not an arthouse film . In its original usage , during the Golden Age of Hollywood , the term more precisely identified films intended for distribution as the less-publicized bottom half of a double feature . Although the U.S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s , the term B movie continues to be used in the broader sense it maintains today . In its post -- Golden Age usage , there is ambiguity on both sides of the definition : on the one hand , the primary interest of many inexpensive exploitation films is prurient ; on the other , many B movies display a high degree of craft and aesthetic ingenuity . In either usage , most B movies represent a particular genre -- the Western was a Golden Age B movie staple , while low-budget science-fiction and horror films became more popular in the 1950s . Early B movies were often part of series in which the star repeatedly played the same character . Almost always shorter than the top-billed films they were paired with , many had running times of 70 minutes or less . The term connoted a general perception that B movies were inferior to the more handsomely budgeted headliners ; individual B films were often ignored by critics . Latter-day B movies still sometimes inspire multiple sequels , but series are less common . As the average running time of top-of-the-line films increased , so did that of B pictures . In its current usage , the term has somewhat contradictory connotations : it may signal an opinion that a certain movie is ( a ) a genre film with minimal artistic ambitions or ( b ) a lively , energetic film uninhibited by the constraints imposed on more expensive projects and unburdened by the conventions of putatively `` serious '' independent film . The term is also now used loosely to refer to some higher-budgeted , mainstream films with exploitation-style content , usually in genres traditionally associated with the B movie . From their beginnings to the present day , B movies have provided opportunities both for those coming up in the profession and others whose careers are waning . Celebrated filmmakers such as Anthony Mann and Jonathan Demme learned their craft in B movies . They are where actors such as John Wayne and Jack Nicholson first became established , and they have provided work for former A movie actors , such as Vincent Price and Karen Black . Some actors , such as Bela Lugosi , Eddie Constantine and Pam Grier , worked in B movies for most of their careers . The term B actor is sometimes used to refer to a performer who finds work primarily or exclusively in B pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "02871a6b0b52cb121af40d8134143aaf", "text": "Pony Express (film) Pony Express is a 1953 American western film directed by Jerry Hopper and starring Charlton Heston as Buffalo Bill , Forrest Tucker as Wild Bill Hickok , Jan Sterling as a Calamity Jane type character and Rhonda Fleming that was filmed in Kanab , Utah . The story is largely based on the 1925 silent film The Pony Express and tells a highly fictionalized account ( e.g. Buffalo Bill was born in 1846 and would have been 14 at the time ) of the formation of the Pony Express rapid transcontinental mail delivery pioneers in 1860 's United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "470258458099f374fd25f8c01952fdcb", "text": "Clint Mansell Clinton Darryl `` Clint '' Mansell ( -LSB- ˈmænsəl -RSB- born 7 January 1963 ) is an English musician , composer , and former lead singer of the band Pop Will Eat Itself . After Pop Will Eat Itself disbanded in 1996 , Mansell was introduced to film scoring when director Darren Aronofsky hired him to score his debut film , Pi . Mansell then wrote the score for Aronofsky 's next film , Requiem for a Dream , which has been well received . The film 's primary composition `` Lux Aeterna '' has become extremely popular , appearing in a variety of advertisements , film trailers and YouTube videos being branded as Epic Music . His notable film scores include Pi , The Fountain , Moon , Smokin ' Aces , Requiem for a Dream , The Wrestler , Doom , Black Swan , High-Rise and Ghost in the Shell .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64daf635e0704799258b62ebaea7c666", "text": "Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' . Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' . Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions . A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a563751c7347799544281762a74480a2", "text": "Revenge of the Creature Revenge of the Creature ( also known as Return of the Creature and Return of the Creature from the Black Lagoon ) is the first sequel to Creature from the Black Lagoon , being the only 3-D film released in 1955 and the only 3-D sequel to a 3-D film released during `` the golden age of 3-D '' . Directed by Jack Arnold , the film stars John Agar and Lori Nelson . This was Clint Eastwood 's film debut . Revenge of the Creature premiered in Denver on March 23 , 1955 and a 2-D sequel , The Creature Walks Among Us , followed it in 1956 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4feff891ce65c365b5b8564b6becf802", "text": "Left Handed Johnny West Left Handed Johnny West ( Johnny West il mancino , also known just as Johnny West ) is a 1965 Italian spaghetti western film directed by Gianfranco Parolini .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "060a32c06d406b41b15db68b2a38d53c", "text": "The Gauntlet (film) The Gauntlet is a 1977 American action film directed by Clint Eastwood , starring Eastwood and Sondra Locke . The film 's supporting cast includes Pat Hingle , William Prince , Bill McKinney , and Mara Corday . Eastwood plays a down-and-out cop who falls in love with a prostitute ( Locke ) whom he is assigned to escort from Las Vegas to Phoenix in order for her to testify against the mob .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dec61e7899817a495da74f12dda9f081", "text": "World Film Company The World Film Company or World Film Corporation was an American film production and distribution company , organized in 1914 in Fort Lee , New Jersey .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "1d4fda23bc1d5fb4d0e44546173cb118", "text": "Kazakhstan Kazakhstan ( -LSB- USkæzækˈstæn , _ ˌkɑːzɑːkˈstɑːn -RSB- , -LSB- ˌkæzəkˈstɑːn , _ - ˈstæn -RSB- Қазақстан , tr . Qazaqstan , -LSB- qɑzɑqˈstɑn -RSB- ; Казахстан , tr . Kazakhstan ) , officially the Republic of Kazakhstan ( Қазақстан Республикасы , tr . Qazaqstan Respwblïkası ; Республика Казахстан , tr . Respublika Kazakhstan ) , is a transcontinental country in northern Central Asia and Eastern Europe . Kazakhstan is the world 's largest landlocked country , and the ninth largest in the world , with an area of 2,724,900 km ² . Kazakhstan is the dominant nation of Central Asia economically , generating 60 % of the region 's GDP , primarily through its oil/gas industry . It also has vast mineral resources . Kazakhstan is officially a democratic , secular , unitary , constitutional republic with a diverse cultural heritage . Kazakhstan shares borders with Russia , China , Kyrgyzstan , Uzbekistan , and Turkmenistan , and also adjoins a large part of the Caspian Sea . The terrain of Kazakhstan includes flatlands , steppe , taiga , rock canyons , hills , deltas , snow-capped mountains , and deserts . Kazakhstan has an estimated 18 million people , Given its large land area , its population density is among the lowest , at less than 6 people per square kilometre ( 15 people per sq. mi . ) . The capital is Astana , where it was moved in 1997 from Almaty , the country 's largest city . The territory of Kazakhstan has historically been inhabited by nomadic tribes . This changed in the 13th century , when Genghis Khan occupied the country as part of the Mongolian Empire . Following internal struggles among the conquerors , power eventually reverted to the nomads . By the 16th century , the Kazakh emerged as a distinct group , divided into three jüz ( ancestor branches occupying specific territories ) . The Russians began advancing into the Kazakh steppe in the 18th century , and by the mid-19th century , they nominally ruled all of Kazakhstan as part of the Russian Empire . Following the 1917 Russian Revolution , and subsequent civil war , the territory of Kazakhstan was reorganised several times . In 1936 , it was made the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic , part of the Soviet Union . Kazakhstan was the last of the Soviet republics to declare independence during the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 . The current President , Nursultan Nazarbayev , has been leader of the country since then , and is characterised as authoritarian , with a government history of human rights abuses and suppression of political opposition . Kazakhstan has worked to develop its economy , especially its dominant hydrocarbon industry . Human Rights Watch says that `` Kazakhstan heavily restricts freedom of assembly , speech , and religion , '' and other human rights organisations regularly describe Kazakhstan 's human rights situation as poor . Kazakhstan 's 131 ethnicities include Kazakhs ( 63 % of the population ) , Russians , Uzbeks , Ukrainians , Germans , Tatars , and Uyghurs . Islam is the religion of about 70 % of the population , with Christianity practised by 26 % ; Kazakhstan officially allows freedom of religion , but religious leaders who oppose the government are suppressed . The Kazakh language is the state language , and Russian has equal official status for all levels of administrative and institutional purposes .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "6eecdbb27fe6072e4dad10ec0efa5404", "text": "Kurmangazy oil field The Kurmangazy oil field is an offshore oil field located in the Kazakh section of the Caspian Sea on the maritime border between Russia and Kazakhstan , about 120 km west of the Buzachi Peninsula . It is expected to be the third largest oil field of Kazakhstan . The field is named after Kurmangazy Sagyrbayuly .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e779b5a07e7852c01e6b7c7092286dfc", "text": "Taiynsha District Taiynsha is a district of North Kazakhstan Region in northern Kazakhstan . The administrative center of the district is the town of Taiynsha . Population :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "19fad15abbed4c48e71972c209d49a9a", "text": "Dzhendema Dzhendema or Djendema , meaning `` hell '' , applies to the South slope of Mount Botev , 2376 m above sea level , the highest peak in the Balkan mountain range in Bulgaria . It is also called the Southern Dzhendem . It was established as reserve on March 28 , 1953 . Djendema encompasses 42.2 km ² , and is the largest reserve in the mountain and the second largest reserve in Bulgaria . It is centred on a granite extrusion combined with limestone outcroppings to form a labyrinth of steep slopes ; deep , narrow gorges , massive rock cliffs , and huge waterfalls . Djendema Reserve shelters beech and fir forests and large meadows with unique sub-alpine grassy species and communities . Because of its specific geological and climatic conditions , the area is rich in endemic species and rare plants . One could take several days to cross Djendema . There is also so called Northern Dzhendem or the Northern Djendem located on the north slope of Mount Botev . It was declared a Reserve on September 30 , 1983 . It has a total area of 16.1 km ² and is the highest reserve in the Balkan Ranges , encompassing a wild and inaccessible section of the central part of the mountain . The reserve includes the nearly vertical northern slopes , approximately 10 kilometres wide with an average height of 900 metres , looming rock tiers , short and steep watersheds , overhanging cliffs , rock bridges , jaded cornices , deep precipices , numerous waterfalls , as well as grassy terraces . At low altitudes , ancient beech and fir forests cover almost two-thirds of the steeply sloped Northern Djendem . It also contains sub-alpine grassy and forest habitats . Many rare wildlife species have found their last refuge in this impenetrable natural forest , which is home to an unusual community of Siberian juniper , myrtle-leaf rhododendron and blueberry , as well as the only known location of Urumov 's campion in the world . The Northern Djendem is home to the Balkan chamois ( alpine goat ) , brown bear , grey wolf , red deer , roe , golden eagle , peregrine falcon , and wallcreeper . The two Djendems are alpine objects for many climbers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc708a5ebe5a05cf945edd7234643b8c", "text": "Uyghurs in Kazakhstan Uyghurs in Kazakhstan form the country 's 7th-largest ethnic group , according to the 1999 census .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "447fac80aca69bf8b888152005e1e7d0", "text": "Volga Upland The Volga Upland , also known as the Volga Uplands , Volga Plateau , Volga Hills , or Volga Plateau , ( Russian : Приволжская возвышенность - Privolzhskaya vozvyshennost ) is a vast region of East European Plain in European part of Russia that lies west of the Volga River and east of the Central Russian Upland . The uplands run for approximately 500 miles ( 804 km ) in a southwest-northeasterly direction from Volgograd to Kazan . The Tsimlyansk Reservoir lies at the southwestern end of the Volga Upland , with the Kuybyshev Reservoir at the northeastern end . The landscape on the Volga Uplands is hilly , and several rivers has cut into it , such as the Khopyor , Medveditsa and the Sura . The Volga-Don Canal cuts through the lowlands between the Volga Uplands to the north and the adjacent Yergeni Hills to the south . The uplands lie in the cool continental climate zone , characterised by large fluctuations in seasonal temperatures and generally little rainfall . Outside of the cities in the region , population density is generally between 28 and 129 inhabitants per square mile . The Volga Uplands themselves is rather sparsely populated , but along its edges and in particular along the banks of the Volga there are several large cities , such as ( from north to south ) Kazan , Ulyanovsk , Saransk , Penza , Syzran , Saratov and Volgograd .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "738ee5177f2bf6378d53fd54c2d5c505", "text": "Geography of Iran Geographically , Iran is located in West Asia and borders the Caspian Sea , Persian Gulf , and Gulf of Oman . Its mountains have helped to shape both the political and the economic history of the country for several centuries . The mountains enclose several broad basins , on which major agricultural and urban settlements are located . Until the 20th century , when major highways and railroads were constructed through the mountains to connect the population centers , these basins tended to be relatively isolated from one another . Typically , one major town dominated each basin , and there were complex economic relationships between the town and the hundreds of villages that surrounded it . In the higher elevations of the mountains rimming the basins , tribally organized groups practiced transhumance , moving with their herds of sheep and goats between traditionally established summer and winter pastures . There are no major river systems in the country , and historically transportation was by means of caravans that followed routes traversing gaps and passes in the mountains . The mountains also impeded easy access to the Persian Gulf and the Caspian Sea . With an area of 1648000 km2 , Iran ranks eighteenth in size among the countries of the world . Iran shares its northern borders with three post-Soviet states : Armenia , Azerbaijan , and Turkmenistan . These borders extend for more than 2000 km , including nearly 650 km of water along the southern shore of the Caspian Sea . Iran 's western borders are with Turkey in the north and Iraq in the south , terminating at the Arvand Rud . The Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman littorals form the entire 1770 km southern border . To the east lie Afghanistan on the north and Pakistan on the far south . Iran 's diagonal distance from Azerbaijan in the northwest to Sistan and Baluchestan Province in the southeast is approximately 2333 km .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c229966325fcec84af042e15a3197dbb", "text": "Desert A desert is a barren area of land where little precipitation occurs and consequently living conditions are hostile for plant and animal life . The lack of vegetation exposes the unprotected surface of the ground to the processes of denudation . About one third of the land surface of the world is arid or semi-arid . This includes much of the polar regions where little precipitation occurs and which are sometimes called polar deserts or `` cold deserts '' . Deserts can be classified by the amount of precipitation that falls , by the temperature that prevails , by the causes of desertification or by their geographical location . Deserts are formed by weathering processes as large variations in temperature between day and night put strains on the rocks which consequently break in pieces . Although rain seldom occurs in deserts , there are occasional downpours that can result in flash floods . Rain falling on hot rocks can cause them to shatter and the resulting fragments and rubble strewn over the desert floor is further eroded by the wind . This picks up particles of sand and dust and wafts them aloft in sand or dust storms . Wind-blown sand grains striking any solid object in their path can abrade the surface . Rocks are smoothed down , and the wind sorts sand into uniform deposits . The grains end up as level sheets of sand or are piled high in billowing sand dunes . Other deserts are flat , stony plains where all the fine material has been blown away and the surface consists of a mosaic of smooth stones . These areas are known as desert pavements and little further erosion takes place . Other desert features include rock outcrops , exposed bedrock and clays once deposited by flowing water . Temporary lakes may form and salt pans may be left when waters evaporate . There may be underground sources of water in the form of springs and seepages from aquifers . Where these are found , oases can occur . Plants and animals living in the desert need special adaptations to survive in the harsh environment . Plants tend to be tough and wiry with small or no leaves , water-resistant cuticles and often spines to deter herbivory . Some annual plants germinate , bloom and die in the course of a few weeks after rainfall while other long-lived plants survive for years and have deep root systems able to tap underground moisture . Animals need to keep cool and find enough food and water to survive . Many are nocturnal and stay in the shade or underground during the heat of the day . They tend to be efficient at conserving water , extracting most of their needs from their food and concentrating their urine . Some animals remain in a state of dormancy for long periods , ready to become active again when the rare rains fall . They then reproduce rapidly while conditions are favorable before returning to dormancy . People have struggled to live in deserts and the surrounding semi-arid lands for millennia . Nomads have moved their flocks and herds to wherever grazing is available and oases have provided opportunities for a more settled way of life . The cultivation of semi-arid regions encourages erosion of soil and is one of the causes of increased desertification . Desert farming is possible with the aid of irrigation and the Imperial Valley in California provides an example of how previously barren land can be made productive by the import of water from an outside source . Many trade routes have been forged across deserts , especially across the Sahara Desert , and traditionally were used by caravans of camels carrying salt , gold , ivory and other goods . Large numbers of slaves were also taken northwards across the Sahara . Some mineral extraction also takes place in deserts and the uninterrupted sunlight gives potential for the capture of large quantities of solar energy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47bf524dc91a981dc7faf54a627a6a7d", "text": "Tyuratam Tyuratam ( Төретам , Töretam Тюратам ) is a station on the main Moscow to Tashkent railway , located in Kazakhstan . The name is a word in the Kazakh language and means `` Töre 's grave '' ; Töre , or more formally , Töre-Baba , was a noble , a descendant of Genghis Khan . Tyuratam is near the Baikonur Cosmodrome , a Russian - formerly Soviet - spaceport , and near the city of Baikonur ( formerly Leninsk ) , which was constructed to service the cosmodrome . At a press conference for the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project , Jules Bergman of ABC News asked : `` Baykonur , if you 'll look on the coordinates , is 135 miles -LSB- 217 km -RSB- away or something . Tyuratam may only be a railhead , but it is the Tyuratam Launch Complex . They call it Baykonur , I know ... . I 'm going to call it Tyuratam . ABC is going to call it Tyuratam . SAC Strategic Air Command calls it Tyuratam . Can we once and for all straighten that out and arrive at a ... name for it , Tom ? '' In the mid 1950s , the Soviet Union announced that space activities were being conducted from the Baykonur Cosmodrome , which was assumed to be near the city of Baykonur , in the Kazakh SSR . In reality , the launch facilities were located 400 km to the southwest at Tyuratam to obfuscate the west as to its true location . It was this launch site that the CIA was trying to locate by systematically tracking over the major rail networks of the Soviet Union in Central Asia with U-2 spy planes . The site was discovered and photographed in 1957 . Francis Gary Powers was scheduled to overfly it on his ill-fated mission in 1960 , but either due to detecting the guidance radar of the defending SA-2 missile battery or cloud cover which prevented him from photographing the site , he avoided Tyuratam and was later shot down over the Ural mountains .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "505e88160ef8806fbddc57eb26b67cb1", "text": "Darkhad Valley The Darkhad valley is a large valley in northwestern Khövsgöl aimag , Mongolia . It is situated between the Ulaan Taiga and Khoridol Saridag ranges at an altitude of about 1600 m , about 160 km long and 40 km wide . The area is 4270 km ² . It was transferred from the People 's Republic of Tannu Tuva to the Mongolian People 's Republic in 1925 as a Soviet concession to the Mongolians , who had wanted to incorporate the territory of Tannu Uriankhai into their country . The valley is rich in lakes and rivers , the biggest of which are Dood Tsagaan Lake and Shishged River , respectively . The area is notable for its natural beauty , but relatively remote and inaccessible even by Mongolian standards . The Darkhad valley is divided between the Ulaan-Uul , Renchinlkhümbe , and Tsagaannuur sums . Inhabitants are mainly Darkhad ( whom the valley 's name derives from ) , and also some Tsaatan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "119837d2417cc1ed8ae1ca8dfff98257", "text": "Ustyurt Plateau The Ustyurt Plateau , also spelled Ust-Yurt , Ust-Urt and Usturt ( Üstirt , Turkmen : Üstyurt ) , is a central Asian plateau in Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan , lying between the Aral Sea and the Amu Darya ( river ) delta in the east and the Mangyshlak ( Tupqarghan ) Plateau and the Kara-Bogaz-Gol ( Garabogazköl ; an inlet of the Caspian Sea ) in the west . It extends roughly 200,000 km ² ( 77,000 square miles ) , with an average elevation of 150 meters ( about 500 feet ) , and consists primarily of stony desert . Its highest point rises to a maximum of 1,200 feet ( 365 m ) in the south-west . The plateau 's semi-nomadic population raises sheep , goats , and camels . At its edges it drops steeply to the Aral Sea and the surrounding plain . Oil and natural-gas deposits lie west of the plateau . Asiatic cheetahs and Caspian tigers used to live there . Kazakhstan created the Ustyurt Nature Reserve ( 223,300 hectares ) in July , 1984 in the south of Mangystausky district in Eralievsky region . It preserves rare fauna and flora such as the Afghan red sheep and the Saiga antelope . Among its features are Sherkala Mountain and the concretions found in the Torysh ( ` Valley of Balls ' ) near the town of Shetpe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4383ea7e18115738af697366f725f8f8", "text": "Badzhgard The Badzhgard land or Bashkurd country - it mean Historical Bashkortostan , Historical Bashkiria , historical and geographical area in Volga and Ural , inhabited by the Bashkirs . At present , the territory is located Republic of Bashkortostan , Orenburg and Chelyabinsk oblast , the eastern part of the Republic of Tatarstan , the south-eastern part of Udmurtia , the southern part of the Perm Krai , the south-western part of the Sverdlovsk oblast , the western part of the Kurgan , the north-eastern part of Samara , the eastern part of the Saratov regions . The historical , ethnographic , linguistic and other studies to refer to the territory in which at different periods of history settled different Bashkir tribes . And synonymous and are older versions of the names of this territory : Bashgurd , Bashgird , Bashgird , Baskardiya , Bashgird , Fiyafi Bashkyrt/Barrens Bashkyrt , country Bashkir , country Bastarks , Bashkyrd , Bashdzhard , Bashkiria , Pascatir , Bashirdi etc. . The reference area titled `` Bashgurd '' is found in the Fazalallah Rashid ad-Din ( 14th century ) , `` Oghuz-name '' . The most widespread Slavic name - Bashkiria , which is used in official documents , historical works , literary works , etc. . The concept of `` historical Bashkortostan '' relates the concept of Greater Hungary ( Major Hungaria , Magna Hungaria ) - hypothetical homeland of ancient Hungarians - Magyars , referred to the 13th century Franciscan monk Giovanni da Plano Carpini in the statement of his journey . Her search takes 1230 years of the Hungarian Dominicans , most famous of which Friar Julian .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e4246e0403b72c640d753fb76f71370d", "text": "Aktogay, East Kazakhstan Region Aktogay ( Ақтоғай , Aqtoğay , اقتوعاي -LSB- ɑqtu̯ʊʁɑj -RSB- ) is a town in Ayagoz District , East Kazakhstan Region of Kazakhstan and major railway hub of Turkestan-Siberian Railway . Aktogay is located in Balkhash-Alakol lowlands , close to Balkhash lake . The Ayagoz river 's mouth is located nearby Aktogay . The climate is continental . Summer is hot +40 ° , winter is cold -40 ° . The distance to district center Ayagoz is 100 km , to the region center Ust-Kamenogorsk is 420 km , to Astana , the capital of Kazakhstan is 1250 km . The major copper deposit is discovered close to Aktogay town . This is the fourth reserves of copper in the world . Aktogay Mine and copper extraction plant was completed there and the copper cathodes production started in 2011 . The capital cost account $ 1.5-2 billion and the production capacity is 100.000 tones per annum . The city is about 30 km from Lake Balkhash .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "caa6f08b78de62be58c1aad37aa38ecf", "text": "Satbayev Kazakh National Technical University Kazakh National Research Technical University ( Қазақ Ұлттық Техникалық Зерттеу Университет , Qazaq Ulttıq Texnïkalıq Zertteu Wnïversïtet , Казахский Национальный Технический Исследовательский Университет , Kazakhskiy Natsional ` nîy Tekhnicheskiy Issledovatel ` skiy Universitet ) named after Kanysh Satpayev is a leading technical university in Almaty , Kazakhstan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "937f7bc2b857b0f0ee6aef1f03f23e4b", "text": "Tanami Desert The Tanami Desert is a desert in northern Australia situated in the Northern Territory and Western Australia . It has a rocky terrain with small hills . The Tanami was the Northern Territory 's final frontier and was not fully explored by Australians of European descent until well into the twentieth century . It is traversed by the Tanami Track . The name Tanami is thought to be a corruption of the Walpiri name for the area , `` Chanamee '' , meaning `` never die '' . This referred to certain rock holes in the desert which were said to never run dry . Under the name Tanami , the desert is classified as an interim Australian bioregion , comprising 25997277 ha .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6658c4055ab3d2d106462008d8a71409", "text": "Indus Valley Desert The Indus Valley Desert is an almost uninhabited desert ecoregion of northern Pakistan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "23dafeb43673351a1d35158f06e0fb11", "text": "Atacama Desert The Atacama Desert ( Desierto de Atacama ) is a plateau in South America , covering a 1000 km strip of land on the Pacific coast , west of the Andes mountains . It is the driest non-polar desert in the world . According to estimates , the Atacama Desert proper occupies 105000 km2 , or 128000 km2 if the barren lower slopes of the Andes are included . Most of the desert is composed of stony terrain , salt lakes ( salares ) , sand , and felsic lava that flows towards the Andes . Geographically , the aridity of the Atacama is explained by it being situated between two mountain chains ( the Andes and the Chilean Coast Range ) of sufficient height to prevent moisture advection from either the Pacific or the Atlantic Oceans , a two-sided rain shadow .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "711c84496053d1622548077d760de702", "text": "Terskey Alatau The Teskey Ala-Too or Terskey Ala-Too ( Тескей Ала-Тоосу , -LSB- teskéj ɑlɑtoːsú -RSB- ) is a mountain range in the Tian Shan mountains in Kyrgyzstan . It stretches south and southeast of Lake Issyk Kul , from the river Joon Aryk near Kochkor in the west to the far northeastern part of Kyrgyzstan . The length of the range is 354 km and the highest peak is Karakol Peak ( 5,216 m ) . Another high peak is Boris Yeltsin Peak ( 5,168 m ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "743cbfb420824a53ea7f52a384908918", "text": "Kyzylarai Kyzylarai is a massif , a part of the Kazakh Melkosopochnik ( Kazakh Uplands ) , situated in Karaganda Region in Central Kazakhstan . The place is extremely rich in natural and historical sights . Begazy burial grounds ( Begazy-Dandybai culture of the Bronze Age ) are one of them . The highest point of Central Kazakhstan , Aksoran Mountain ( 1565 m ) is located in Kyzylarai . The world 's largest mountain sheep , the Argali , can be seen in the area . Kyzylarai is located in the southern part of the Kazakh Uplands , north of Lake Balkhash .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6784ec82391e9efcc8c5fe95c9f2e97a", "text": "Illegal logging in Madagascar Illegal logging has been a problem in Madagascar for decades and is perpetuated by extreme poverty and government corruption . Often taking the form of selective logging , the trade has been driven by high international demand for expensive , fine-grained lumber such as rosewood and ebony . Historically , logging and exporting in Madagascar have been regulated by the Malagasy government , although the logging of rare hardwoods was explicitly banned from protected areas in 2000 . Since then , government orders and memos have intermittently alternated between permitting and banning exports of precious woods . The most commonly cited reason for permitting exports is to salvage valuable wood from cyclone damage , although this reasoning has come under heavy scrutiny . This oscillating availability of Malagasy rosewood and other precious woods has created a market of rising and falling prices , allowing traders or `` timber barons '' to stockpile illegally sourced logs during periodic bans and then flood the market when the trade windows open and prices are high . The unsustainable exploitation of these tropical hardwoods , particularly rosewood from the SAVA Region , has escalated significantly since the start of the 2009 Malagasy political crisis . Thousands of poorly paid Malagasy loggers have flooded into the national parks -- especially in the northeast -- building roads , setting up logging camps , and cutting down even the most difficult to reach rosewood trees . Illegal activities are openly flaunted , armed militia have descended upon local villages , and a rosewood mafia easily bribe government officials , buying export permits with ease . These illegal operations are funded in part by advance payments for future shipments ( financed by Chinese expatriates and Chinese importers ) and by loans from large , international banks . Demand is fueled mostly by a growing Chinese middle class and their desire for exotic imperial-style furniture . European and American demand for high-end musical instruments and furniture have also played a role . However , public scrutiny has put significant pressure on shipping companies involved in the trade , and the United States is starting to enforce the Lacey Act by investigating companies with suspected involvement in the illegal trade of Malagasy precious woods . Logging in Madagascar 's tropical rainforests has had many secondary effects , beyond the risk of depletion of rare , endemic trees . Habitat has been disturbed , illegal mining has begun , local people have turned in desperation to the forests for resources , and poaching of endangered wildlife has escalated . Lemurs , the most well-known faunal group from the island , have been captured for the exotic pet trade as well as killed for food . Even the most critically endangered species have been targeted , primarily to feed a growing demand for delicacy food in up-scale restaurants . The local villagers have also suffered as tourism has declined sharply or ceased almost entirely . Some have resorted to working as loggers for minimal pay , while others have spoken out against it , often receiving death threats from the rosewood mafia in return .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5f8af43bd4bb831bba5ecbc736e6190", "text": "Barren vegetation Barren vegetation describes an area of land where plant growth may be sparse , stunted , and/or contain limited biodiversity . Environmental conditions such as toxic or infertile soil , high winds , coastal salt-spray and climatic conditions are often key factors in poor plant growth and development . Barren vegetation can be categorized depending on the climate , geology and the geographic location of a specific area . Pine Barrens , coastal barrens and serpentine barrens are some of the more distinct ecoregions for barren vegetation and are the most commonly researched by scientists . Often referred to as `` heathlands '' , barrens can be excellent environments for unique biological diversity and taxonomic compositions .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "f36b3e70d2048a6ce5197b0769c3240c", "text": "Prussia Prussia was a historical state originating out of the Duchy of Prussia and the Margraviate of Brandenburg , and centred on the region of Prussia . For centuries , the House of nocat = y ruled Prussia , successfully expanding its size by way of an unusually well-organised and effective army . Prussia , with its capital in Königsberg and from 1701 in Berlin , shaped the history of Germany . In 1871 , German states united to create the German Empire under Prussian leadership . In November 1918 , the monarchies were abolished and the nobility lost its political power during the German Revolution of 1918 -- 19 . The Kingdom of Prussia was thus abolished in favour of a republic -- the Free State of Prussia , a state of Germany from 1918 until 1933 . From 1933 , Prussia lost its independence as a result of the Prussian coup , when the Nazi regime was successfully establishing its Gleichschaltung laws in pursuit of a unitary state . With the end of the Nazi regime , the division of Germany into allied-occupation zones and the separation of its territories east of the -LSB- Oder -- Neisse , nocat = y -RSB- line , which were incorporated into Poland and the Soviet Union , the State of Prussia ceased to exist de facto in 1945 . Prussia existed de jure until its formal liquidation by the Allied Control Council Enactment No. 46 of 25 February 1947 . The name Prussia derives from the Old Prussians . In the 13th century , the Teutonic Knights -- an organized Catholic medieval military order of German crusaders -- conquered the lands inhabited by them . In 1308 , the Teutonic Knights conquered the region of Pomerelia with Gdańsk ( Danzig ) . Their monastic state was mostly Germanised through immigration from central and western Germany and in the south , it was Polonised by settlers from Masovia . The Second Peace of Thorn ( 1466 ) split Prussia into the western Royal Prussia , a province of Poland , and the eastern part , from 1525 called the Duchy of Prussia , a fief of the Crown of Poland up to 1657 . The union of Brandenburg and the Duchy of Prussia in 1618 led to the proclamation of the Kingdom of Prussia in 1701 . Prussia entered the ranks of the great powers shortly after becoming a kingdom , and exercised most influence in the 18th and 19th centuries . During the 18th century it had a major say in many international affairs under the reign of Frederick the Great . During the 19th century , Chancellor Otto von Bismarck united the German principalities into a `` Lesser Germany '' which excluded the Austrian Empire . At the Congress of Vienna ( 1814 -- 15 ) , which redrew the map of Europe following Napoleon 's defeat , Prussia acquired a large section of north western Germany , including the coal-rich Ruhr . The country then grew rapidly in influence economically and politically , and became the core of the North German Confederation in 1867 , and then of the German Empire in 1871 . The Kingdom of Prussia was now so large and so dominant in the new Germany that -LSB- Junker ( Prussia ) , Junker -RSB- s and other Prussian élites identified more and more as Germans and less as Prussians . The Kingdom ended in 1918 . In the Weimar Republic , the state of Prussia lost nearly all of its legal and political importance following the 1932 coup led by Franz von Papen . East Prussia lost all of its German population after 1945 , as Poland and the Soviet Union absorbed its territory and expelled most of its inhabitants . The term Prussian has often been used , especially outside of Germany , to emphasise the professionalism , aggressiveness , militarism and conservatism of the Junker class of landed aristocrats in the East who dominated first Prussia and then the German Empire .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "4ea0b155ad456aa931d5fd92fbc5f127", "text": "Free Society of Teutonia The Free Society of Teutonia was one of the earliest National Socialist organizations to appear in America . It was a German American organization that was associated with a strong support for Nazism . The Society was formed in 1924 by four German immigrants , including Nazi Party members Fritz and Peter Gissibl and their brother Andrew . The organization was originally led by German immigrant and non-citizen Fritz Gissibl , who made his headquarters in Chicago and from there it set about recruiting ethnic Germans who supported German nationalist aims . The Teutonia Society initially functioned as a club , but soon raised a group of militants based on the SA and , with membership increasing , became vocal critics of Jews , communism and the Treaty of Versailles . Alongside this however it retained a social function , with Teutonia Society meetings frequently ending up in heavy beer drinking sessions . The group changed its name to the Nationalistic Society of Teutonia in 1926 , at which point Peter Gissibil was advising members to also seek Nazi Party membership . The group gained a strong , if fairly small following , and was able to establish units in Milwaukee , St. Louis , Missouri , Detroit , New York City , Cincinnati and Newark , New Jersey The group 's treasurer was Fritz Gissibil , who was also the main Nazi Party representative in the United States and who regularly collected money for the Nazis through the Society . A `` thank you '' letter from Adolf Hitler to the Society would cause a stir during the Second World War when the Gissibil brothers were brought to trial following an FBI investigation . The group accepted Hitler as its titular leader and members adopted the Nazi salute , the Society changed its name again in October 1932 to become the Friends of the Hitler Movement . Under orders of German immigrant and German Nazi Party member Heinz Spanknöbel , the Society was dissolved in March 1933 . In May 1933 , Nazi Deputy Führer Rudolf Hess gave Heinz Spanknöbel authority to form an American Nazi organization . Shortly thereafter , with help from the German consul in New York City , Spanknöbel created the Friends of New Germany by merging two older organizations in the United States , Gau-USA and the Free Society of Teutonia , which were both small groups with only a few hundred members each . The Friends of New Germany in turn formed the basis of the German American Bund in 1936 , the latter name being chosen to emphasise the group 's American credentials after press criticism that the Society was unpatriotic . One of the leaders of the Teutonia Society was Walter Kappe . Kappe ( b. 1904 ) arrived in the United States in 1925 and worked in a farm implement factory in Kankakee , Illinois . Later he moved to Chicago and began to write for German language newspapers . Kappe was fluent in English and later became the press secretary for the German American Bund . He founded their paper Deutscher Weckruf und Beobachter and its predecessor Deutsche Zeitung . In 1936 , when the German American Bund was established , Kappe organized the AV Publishing Company and five other Bund corporations . Fritz Kuhn ousted Kappe from his position in the Bund seeing him as a dangerous rival . In 1937 , Kappe returned to Germany , where he was attached to Abwehr II ( the sabotage branch of German intelligence ) where he obtained a Naval commission with the rank of lieutenant . He was designated by Adolf Hitler to launch a sabotage operation against America shortly after the attack on Pearl Harbor . Known as Operation Pastorius , Kappe recruited men for the mission by reviewing records from the Ausland Institute ( German Foreign Institute ) of those who were paid to return to Germany from America . He established a sabotage school on the outskirts of Berlin to train the new recruits . Once the sabotage network was established and transferred to America , Kappe planned to slip into the US with a new identity and direct operations . On June 13 , 1942 , Richard Quirin , George John Dasch , Heinrich Harm Heinck and Ernst Peter Burger landed on a beach near Amagansett , Long Island , New York on a U-boat . A similar group landed on Ponte Vedra Beach , near Jacksonville , Florida on June 17 , 1942 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0326af1dd43efb21739cba9a9fc19e29", "text": "The State (book) __ NOTOC __ The State ( Der Staat ) is a book by German sociologist Franz Oppenheimer first published in Germany in 1908 . Oppenheimer wrote the book in Frankfurt am Main during 1907 , as a fragment of the four-volume System of Sociology , an intended interpretative framework for the understanding of social evolution on which he laboured from the 1890s until the end of his life . The work summarizes Oppenheimer 's general theory on the origin , development and future transformation of the state . The State , which Oppenheimer 's missionary zeal pervades , was widely read and passionately discussed in the early 20th century . It was well received by -- and influential on -- as diverse an audience as Israeli halutzim , American and Slavic communitarians , West German Chancellor Ludwig Erhard , and anarcho-capitalists like Murray Rothbard . A classical liberal and socialist sympathiser , Oppenheimer regarded capitalism as `` a system of exploitation and capital revenues as the gain of that exploitation '' , but placed the blame not on the genuinely free market , but on the intervention of the state . Oppenheimer 's view of the state is profoundly opposed to the then dominant characterisation propounded by G. W. F. Hegel of the state as an admirable achievement of modern civilisation . Proponents of this view tend to accept the social contract view that the State came about as every larger groups of people agreed to subordinate their private interests for the common good . In contrast , Opphenheimer 's view was an advancement of the `` conquest theory '' of the state that developed during the late 19th century by Ludwig Gumplowicz . According to conquest theory , the state came into being through war and conquest , a consequence of which was the establishment of social classes ; the dominant conquerors and the subordinate conquered . This , in turn , led to the emergence of a political system to consolidate the power of the conquerors , to perpetuate and regulate class divisions . Oppenheimer 's views led the American essayist , Albert Jay Nock , writing in the first half of the 20th century , to remark that in his own book , Our Enemy , the State :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f9e09a75d7e26c20105ac5a7b9f0ce2", "text": "Kingdom of Poland (1916–18) The Kingdom of Poland ( Królestwo Polskie ) , also known informally as the Regency Kingdom of Poland ( Królestwo Regencyjne ) , was a proposed puppet state of Germany during World War I . In reality , the German Empire planners wanted to annex around 30,000 square kilometers of the territory of former Congress Poland and carry out ethnic cleansing up to 3 million Poles and Jews to make room for German colonists in the so-called Polish Border Strip plan . The decision to promise restoration of Poland was taken by Germany in order to attempt to legitimize its military occupation amongst the Polish inhabitants , following upon German propaganda sent to the Poles in 1915 that German soldiers were arriving as liberators to free Poland from subjugation by Russia . A draft of a constitution was proposed 1917 . German government used punitive threats to induce Polish landowners living in the German-occupied Baltic territories to move to the state and sell their Baltic property to Germans in exchange for moving to Poland , and efforts were made to remove Poles from Polish territories partitioned by Prussia . Following the armistice with Germany that ended World War I , the area became part of the Second Polish Republic .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bddabfb12d93a6d7dccb2574a55eeadb", "text": "Kingdom of Italy The Kingdom of Italy ( Regno d'Italia ) was a state founded from 1861 , when King Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia was proclaimed King of Italy , to 1946 , when a constitutional referendum led civil discontent to abandon the monarchy and form the Italian Republic . The state was founded as a result of the unification of Italy under the influence of the Kingdom of Sardinia , which can be considered its legal predecessor state . Italy declared war on Austria in alliance with Prussia in 1866 and received the region of Veneto following their victory . Italian troops entered Rome in 1870 , ending more than one thousand years of Papal temporal power . Italy entered into a Triple Alliance with Germany and Austria-Hungary in 1882 , following strong disagreements with France about the respective colonial expansions . However , even if relations with Berlin became very friendly , the alliance with Vienna remained purely formal , as the Italians were keen to acquire Trentino and Trieste , corners of the Austria-Hungary populated by Italians . So , in 1915 , Italy accepted the British invitation to join the Allies in World War I because the western allies promised territorial compensation ( at the expense of Austria-Hungary ) for participation that were more generous than Vienna 's offer in exchange for Italian neutrality . Victory in the war gave Italy a permanent seat in the Council of the League of Nations . `` Fascist Italy '' is the era of National Fascist Party government from 1922 to 1943 with Benito Mussolini as head of government . The fascists imposed authoritarian rule and crushed the political and intellectual opposition , while promoting economic modernization , traditional social values , and a rapprochement with the Roman Catholic Church . According to Payne ( 1996 ) , '' -LSB- the -RSB- Fascist government passed through several relatively distinct phases '' . The first phase ( 1923 -- 1925 ) was nominally a continuation of the parliamentary system , albeit with a `` legally-organized executive dictatorship '' . Then came the second phase , `` the construction of the Fascist dictatorship proper , from 1925 to 1929 '' . The third phase , with less activism , was 1929 to 1934 . The fourth phase , 1935 -- 1940 , was characterized by an aggressive foreign policy ; war against Ethiopia , which was launched from Eritrea and Italian Somaliland ; confrontations with the League of Nations sanctions ; growing economic autarchy ; and semi-National Socialization . The war itself ( 1940 -- 1943 ) was the fifth phase with its disasters and defeats , while the rump Salò government under German control was the final stage ( 1943 -- 1945 ) . Italy was allied with National Socialist Germany in World War II until 1943 . It switched sides to the Allies after ousting Mussolini and shutting down the Fascist party in areas ( south of Rome ) controlled by the Allied invaders . The remnant fascist state in northern Italy that continued fighting against the Allies was a puppet state of Germany , the `` Italian Social Republic '' , still led by Mussolini and his Fascist loyalists . Shortly after the war , civil discontent led to the constitutional referendum of 1946 on whether Italy would remain a monarchy or become a republic . Italians decided to abandon the monarchy and form the Italian Republic , the present-day Italian state .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "89ce938119f9cc89db50dc88bd365eeb", "text": "German–Soviet Axis talks In October and November 1940 , German -- Soviet Axis talks occurred concerning the Soviet Union 's potential entry as a fourth Axis Power in World War II . The negotiations , which occurred during the era of the Molotov -- Ribbentrop Pact and the German-Soviet Commercial Agreement , included a two-day Berlin conference between Soviet Foreign Minister Vyacheslav Molotov , Adolf Hitler and German Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop , followed by both countries trading written proposed agreements . After two days of negotiations from 12 to 14 November 1940 , Germany presented the Soviets with a draft written Axis pact agreement defining the world spheres of influence of the four proposed Axis powers ( Japan , Germany , Soviet Union , Italy ) . Hitler , Ribbentrop and Molotov tried to set German and Soviet spheres of influence ; Hitler encouraged Molotov to look south to Iran and eventually India while preserving German access to Finland 's resources , and to remove Soviet influence in the Balkans . Molotov remained firm , seeking to remove German troops from Finland and gain a warm water port in the Balkans . Soviet foreign policy calculations were predicated by the idea that the war would be a long - term struggle and therefore German claims that Britain would be defeated swiftly were treated with scepticism . In addition Stalin sought to remain influential in Bulgaria and Yugoslavia . These factors resulted in Molotov taking a firm line . According to a Columbia University academical source , on 25 November 1940 , the Soviets presented a Stalin-drafted written counterproposal where they would accept the four power pact , but it included Soviet rights to Bulgaria and a world sphere of influence centered on the area around modern Iraq and Iran . Germany did not respond , leaving the negotiations unresolved . Regarding the counterproposal , Hitler remarked to his top military chiefs that Stalin `` demands more and more '' , `` he 's a cold-blooded blackmailer '' and that `` a German victory has become unbearable for Russia '' so that `` she must be brought to her knees as soon as possible . '' Germany ended the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact in June 1941 by invading the Soviet Union .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f76ee33906a929fb3c76b8a59f82e4a5", "text": "Districts of Prussia Prussian districts ( Kreise , literally `` circles '' ) were administrative units in the former Kingdom of Prussia , part of the German Empire from 1871 to 1918 , and its successor state , the Free State of Prussia , similar to a county or a shire . They were established in the course of the Stein-Hardenberg Reforms from 1815 to 1818 at an intermediate level , between the higher provinces and the government districts ( Regierungsbezirke ) , and the lower municipal governments ( Gemeinden ) . Then part of a modern and highly effective public administration structure , they served as a model for the present-day districts of Germany In the aftermath of World War I , the Prussian districts of Eupen and Malmedy ( Belgium ) were annexed by Belgium in 1925 , thereby causing the presence of a German-speaking minority .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea8f4ffebc7194a89eca03319b50b852", "text": "1910s The 1910s ( pronounced `` nineteen-tens '' , also abbreviated as the `` teens '' ) was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1 , 1910 , and ended on December 31 , 1919 . The 1910s represented the culmination of European militarism which had its beginnings during the second half of the 19th century . The conservative lifestyles during the first half of the decade , as well as the legacy of military alliances , was forever changed by the assassination , on June 28 , 1914 , of Archduke Franz Ferdinand , the heir presumptive to the Austro-Hungarian throne . The murder triggered a chain of events in which , within 33 days , World War I broke out in Europe on August 1 , 1914 . The conflict dragged on until a truce was declared on November 11 , 1918 , leading to the controversial , one-sided Treaty of Versailles , which was signed on June 28 , 1919 . The war 's end triggered the abdication of various monarchies and the collapse of five of the last modern empires of Russia , Germany , China , Ottoman Turkey and Austria-Hungary , with the latter splintered into Austria , Hungary , southern Poland ( who acquired most of their land in a war with Soviet Russia ) , Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia , as well as the unification of Romania with Transylvania and Moldavia . However , each of these states ( with the possible exception of Yugoslavia ) had large German and Hungarian minorities , there creating some unexpected problems that would be brought to light in the next two decades . ( See Dissolution of Austro-Hungarian Empire : Successor States for better description of composition of names of successor countries/states following the splinter . ) The decade was also a period of revolution in a number of countries . The Mexican Revolution spearheaded the trend in November 1910 , which led to the ousting of dictator Porfirio Diaz , developing into a violent civil war that dragged on until mid-1920 , not long after a new Mexican Constitution was signed and ratified . Russia also had a similar fate , since World War I led to a collapse in morale as well as to economic chaos . This atmosphere encouraged the establishment of Bolshevism , which was later renamed as communism . Like the Mexican Revolution , the Russian Revolution of 1917 , known as the October Revolution , immediately turned to Russian Civil War that dragged until approximately late 1922 . Much of the music in these years was ballroom-themed . Many of the fashionable restaurants were equipped with dance floors . Prohibition in the United States began January 16 , 1919 , with the ratification of the Eighteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c3d1b206b2bc4b9407b7baa192004c9", "text": "Netherlands in World War II The direct involvement of the Netherlands in World War II began with its invasion by Nazi Germany on 10 May 1940 . The Netherlands had proclaimed neutrality when war broke out in September 1939 , just as it had in World War I , but Adolf Hitler ordered it to be invaded anyway . On 15 May 1940 , one day after the bombing of Rotterdam , the Dutch forces surrendered . The Dutch government and the royal family escaped and went into exile in London . Following the defeat , the Netherlands was placed under German occupation , which endured in some areas until the German surrender in May 1945 . Active resistance was carried out by a small minority , which grew in the course of the occupation . The occupiers deported the majority of the country 's Jews to Nazi concentration camps , with the cooperation of much of the Dutch police and civil service . Due to the high variation in the survival rate of Jewish inhabitants amongst local regions in the Netherlands , scholars have questioned the validity of a single explanation at the national level . Nonetheless , and also due to the well organized population registers comparing to other countries , about 70 % of the country 's Jewish population were killed during the conflict ; a much higher percentage than comparable countries , like Belgium and France . However , the city of Amsterdam organized the only industrial action in protest to the persecution of their Jewish fellow citizens ever in all of the Nazi occupied areas . Most of the south of the country was liberated in the second half of 1944 . The rest , especially the west and north of the country still under occupation , suffered from a famine at the end of 1944 , known as the `` Hunger Winter '' . On 5 May 1945 , the whole country was finally liberated by the total surrender of all German forces .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d2195aa88db072c9114a8cff54f90cc", "text": "Lebensraum The German concept of Lebensraum ( -LSB- ˈleːbənsˌʁaʊm -RSB- , `` living space '' ) refers to policies and practices of settler colonialism which proliferated in Germany from the 1890s to the 1940s . First popularized around 1901 , Lebensraum became a geopolitical goal of Imperial Germany in World War I ( 1914 -- 1918 ) originally , as the core element of the Septemberprogramm of territorial expansion . The most extreme form of this ideology was supported by the Nazi Party ( NSDAP ) and Nazi Germany until the end of World War II . Following Adolf Hitler 's rise to power Lebensraum became an ideological principle of Nazism , and provided justification for the German territorial expansion into East-Central Europe . The Nazi Generalplan Ost policy ( the Master Plan for the East ) was based on its tenets . It stipulated that most of the indigenous populations of Eastern Europe would have to be removed permanently ( either through mass deportation to Siberia , death , or enslavement ) including Polish , Ukrainian , Russian , and other Slavic nations considered racially inferior and non-Aryan . The Nazi government aimed at repopulating these lands with Germanic colonists in the name of Lebensraum during World War II and thereafter . The entire populations were to be decimated by starvation , allowing for their own agricultural surplus to feed Germany . Hitler 's strategic program for world domination was based on the belief in the power of Lebensraum , pursued by a racially superior society . People deemed to be part of inferior races , within the territory of Lebensraum expansion , were subjected to expulsion or destruction . The eugenics of Lebensraum assumed the right of the German Aryan master race ( Herrenvolk ) to remove indigenous people they considered to be of inferior racial stock ( Untermenschen ) in the name of their own living space . Nazi Germany also supported other ` Aryan ' nations ' pursuing their own Lebensraum , including Fascist Italy 's Spazio vitale .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8992ff9b2c9cc1c628a6b1447404e41", "text": "German resistance to Nazism German resistance to Nazism ( German : Widerstand ) was the opposition by individuals and groups in Germany to the National Socialist regime between 1933 and 1945 . Some of these engaged in active plans to remove Adolf Hitler from power and overthrow his regime . The term German resistance should not be understood as meaning that there was a united resistance movement in Germany at any time during the Nazi period , analogous to the more coordinated Polish Underground State , Greek Resistance , Yugoslav Partisans , French Resistance , Dutch Resistance , Norwegian resistance movement and Italian Resistance . The German resistance consisted of small and usually isolated groups . They were unable to mobilize political opposition . Save for individual attacks on Nazis ( including Hitler ) or sabotage acts , the only real strategy was to persuade leaders of the Wehrmacht to stage a coup against the regime : the 1944 assassination attempt against Hitler was intended to trigger such a coup . Approximately 77,000 German citizens were killed for one or another form of resistance by Special Courts , courts-martial , People 's Court and the civil justice system . Many of these Germans had served in government , the military , or in civil positions , which enabled them to engage in subversion and conspiracy ; in addition the Canadian historian Peter Hoffman counts unspecified `` tens of thousands '' in concentration camps who were either suspected or actually engaged in opposition . By contrast , the German historian Hans Mommsen wrote that resistance in Germany was `` resistance without the people '' and that the number of those Germans engaged in resistance to the Nazi regime was very small . The resistance in Germany included German citizens of non-German ethnicity , such as members of the Polish minority who formed resistance groups like Olimp .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e507e37bcc8037ddf6bc439073718d2", "text": "Frankfurt Documents thumb | right | 200px | Members of the Frankfurt conference Frankfurt Documents were a series of documents which were an important step on the way to the founding of the Federal Republic of Germany . On July 1 , 1948 the representatives of the Western allied occupation forces handed over a number of documents to the prime ministers and two ruling mayors from the western zones of occupation , in which the recommendations were made , including establishing a West German state . The main problem of these recommendations was that they did not provide all-German solution , but only a West German state . The Frankfurt documents formed a working basis for the work on the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany . They were created at the London 6-Power Conference in early 1948 . The handover took place in the IG Farben Building in Frankfurt am Main , and the documents took the name of this town . The military governors Lucius D. Clay ( United States ) , Marie-Pierre Koenig ( France ) and Sir Brian Robertson ( UK ) issued an order establishing a western German state . Present were Peter Altmeier ( Rhineland-Palatinate ) , Karl Arnold ( North Rhine-Westphalia ) , Lawrence Bock ( Württemberg-Hohenzollern ) , Max Brauer ( Hamburg ) , Hans Ehard ( Bavaria ) , Wilhelm Kaisen ( Bremen ) , Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf ( Lower Saxony ) , Hermann Lüdemann ( Schleswig-Holstein ) , Reinhold Maier ( Württemberg-Baden ) , Christian Stock ( Hessen ) and Leo Wohleb ( Baden ) . A West German state was to be established under the following conditions : There should be a constitutional convention ( German : Verfassunggebende Versammlung , literally , `` Constituent Assembly '' ) before September 1 , 1948 , to draft a constitution shaping a federal form of government , while maintaining the rights of people and the participating states . This constitution should first be approved by the military governments , then a referendum in the countries to ratify the Constitution . The respective simple majority in two thirds of eleven West German states should be sufficient for ratification . Constitutional amendments must be approved by the military governors . The German foreign policy should continue to be controlled by the military governors in a minimum , as Ruhr questions , repairs , industrial and rights of the Allied forces . The boundaries of each state should be reviewed and it should , if necessary , taking into account of traditional forms of new countries are created , none compared to the other should be too large or too small . The Frankfurt Documents prompted the Prime Minister to hold Rittersturz Conference in Koblenz , on the resolutions that were passed . Category : Political history of Germany Category : Political conferences", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7617b8ad39e2e756f02a38d28925a7b9", "text": "Germanisation of the Province of Posen The Germanisation of the Province of Posen was a policy of the Kulturkampf measures enacted by German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck , whose goal was to Germanize Polish-speaking areas in the Prussian Province of Posen by eradicating and discrimination of Polish language and culture , as well as to reduce the influence of the `` ultramontanist '' Roman Catholic clergy in those regions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "20363e7c38bcb90cfdfc98e503c1413c", "text": "National Socialist Party (Romania) The National Socialist Party ( formally Nationalist-Socialist Party of Romania ; Romanian : Partidul Național-Socialist din România , PNSR ) or Steel Testudo ( Pavăza de Oțel ) was a mimetic Nazi political party , active in Romania during the early 1930s . It was led by Colonel Ștefan Tătărescu , the brother of Gheorghe Tătărescu ( twice Prime Minister of Romania during that interval ) , and existed around the newspaper Crez Nou . One of several far-right factions competing unsuccessfully against the Iron Guard for support , the group made little headway , and existed at times as a satellite of the National-Christian Defense League . The PNSR proposed a program of corporatism and statism , promising a basic income , full employment , and limits on capitalist profits . It was anticommunist generally , and in particular anti-Soviet , circulating the theory of Jewish Bolshevism while describing its own program as the alternative , `` positive '' , socialism . The party also claimed for itself the banner of Christianity , which it associated with calls for social reorganization and the expulsion or segregation of Romanian Jews . Its Germanophilia and antisemitism were supplemented by shows of support for the policies of King Carol II . The PNSR ' ideological stance , exotic in its Romanian context , found favor in Nazi Germany , notably from Alfred Rosenberg . Overall , the PNSR failed in its bid to establish a pan-fascist alliance in Romania , and , despite being nativist , functioned as a magnet for Transylvanian Saxons , Bessarabia Germans , and Russian émigrés . Tătărescu was received officially by his German patrons , who also provided the PNSR with funds , but eventually dropped by them for his unpopularity and alleged corruption . In late 1933 , under the antifascist Prime Minister Ion G. Duca , the party was repressed . Tătărescu exercised some influence over his brother 's government in 1934 , helping to steer the country away from its traditional alliances , but failed in his attempt to obtain arms deals for Germany . Disavowed by both its Nazi backers and Gheorghe Tătărescu , the party moderated its stances , then disappeared from the political scene in July 1934 . Its Saxon chapter , under Fritz Fabritius , reemerged as the German People 's Party the following year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09f38941cb484025e5330d28ac520e6d", "text": "Gau Pomerania The Gau Pomerania ( German : Gau Pommern ) was an administrative division of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945 in the Prussian province of Pomerania . Before that , from 1931 to 1933 , it was the regional subdivision of the Nazi Party in that area . Most of the Gau became part of Poland after the Second World War while the remainder became part of what would become East Germany .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "187491c081d51327f5d0148dd5aab3d2", "text": "King in Prussia King in Prussia was a title used by the Electors of Brandenburg from 1701 to 1772 . Subsequently , they used the title King of Prussia . The House of Hohenzollern ruled Brandenburg as Prince-Electors , and were subjects of the Holy Roman Emperor . Since 1618 , the Electors of Brandenburg had also ruled the Duchy of Prussia , which lay outside of the empire , in a personal union . The dual state was known as Brandenburg-Prussia . The Duchy of Prussia was originally a fief that the dukes held of the King of Poland , of whom they were vassals , until the Treaties of Labiau ( 1656 ) and Bromberg ( 1657 ) , with which Frederick William , the Great Elector , had achieved full sovereignty from the Polish Crown . In 1701 Elector Frederick III wanted to show his greatness by adopting the title king . In return for Hohenzollern assistance in the War of the Spanish Succession and support for the Habsburg candidate in the subsequent election , Emperor Leopold I allowed Frederick to crown himself `` King in Prussia '' . Legally , Frederick was only an elector in his domains within the borders of the empire ; he was only king in his former duchy . Even though Brandenburg was still legally part of the empire and ruled in personal union with Prussia , it soon came to be treated as a de facto part of Prussia . On 17 January 1701 , Frederick dedicated the royal coat of arms , the Prussian black eagle with the motto `` suum cuique '' imprinted . On 18 January , he crowned himself and his wife Sophie Charlotte in a baroque ceremony in Königsberg Castle . Even so , Frederick 's move was controversial , and only became widely accepted after the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713 . The title `` King of Prussia '' implied lordship over the entire Prussian region , not simply the former Duchy of Prussia , now Kingdom of Prussia , and the assumption of such a title by the Hohenzollern margraves would have threatened neighboring Poland ; because the province of Royal Prussia was part of the Kingdom of Poland , the Kings of Poland titled themselves Kings of Prussia until 1742 . Throughout the 18th century the power of the Kings in Prussia continued to increase . They were victorious over the Austrian Habsburg Monarchy in the three Silesian Wars , greatly increasing their power through the acquisition of Silesia . King Frederick II adopted the title King of Prussia in 1772 , the same year he annexed most of Royal Prussia in the First Partition of Poland . The kings of Prussia continued to be Electors of Brandenburg until the empire 's dissolution in 1806 . Brandenburg was then made a province of the Kingdom of Prussia , Berlin officially gaining the status of capital of the Kingdom .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b0c6ec27c26060a60c3dbec65aabe79a", "text": "Ideology of the SS The ideology espoused by the Schutzstaffel ( `` Protection Squadron '' ; SS ) , a paramilitary force and instrument of terror of the Nazi Party in Nazi Germany , emphasized a racist vision of `` racial purity '' , antisemitism , and loyalty to Adolf Hitler and Nazi Germany . SS men were indoctrinated with the belief they were members of a `` master race '' . The ideology of the SS was , even more so than in Nazism in general , built on the belief in a superior `` Aryan race '' . This led to the SS playing the main role in political violence and crimes against humanity , including the Holocaust and `` mercy killing '' of those with congenital illnesses . After the defeat of Nazi Germany in World War II , the SS and Nazi Party were found to be criminal organizations at the Nuremberg Trials .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3fa3cb76ffe58ff71135d3a0d9dc6bf", "text": "Prussian uprisings The Prussian uprisings were two major and three smaller uprisings by the Prussians , one of the Baltic tribes , against the Teutonic Knights that took place in the 13th century during the Prussian Crusade . The crusading military order , supported by the Popes and Christian Europe , sought to conquer and convert the pagan Prussians . In the first ten years of the crusade five of the seven major Prussian clans fell under the control of the less numerous Teutonic Knights . However , the Prussians rose against their conquerors on five occasions . The first uprising was supported by Duke Swietopelk II , Duke of Pomerania . The Prussians were successful at first , reducing the Knights to only five of their strongest castles . Conversely , the duke suffered a series of military defeats and was eventually forced to make peace with the Teutonic Knights . With Duke Swietopelk 's support for the Prussians broken , a prelate of Pope Innocent IV then negotiated a peace treaty between the Prussians and the Knights . However , this treaty was never honored or enforced , especially after the Battle of Krücken at the end of 1249 . The second uprising , known in historiography as `` The Great Prussian Uprising '' , was prompted by the 1260 Battle of Durbe , the largest defeat suffered by the Teutonic Knights in the 13th century . This uprising was the longest , largest , and most threatening to the Teutonic Order , who again were reduced to five of their strongest castles . Reinforcements for the Knights were slow to arrive , despite repeated encouragements from Pope Urban IV , and the position of the Order looked set to worsen . Luckily for the Order , the Prussians lacked unity and a common strategy and reinforcements finally reached Prussia in around 1265 . One by one , Prussian clans surrendered and the uprising was ended in 1274 . The later three lesser uprisings depended on foreign help and were suppressed within one or two years . The last uprising in 1295 effectively ended the Prussian Crusade and Prussia became a Christian German-speaking territory , which assimilated native Prussians and a number of settlers from different German states .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b3ca7710f8e05dc528c2f87acd06db9", "text": "Antisemitism Antisemitism ( also spelled anti-Semitism or anti-semitism ) is hostility , prejudice , or discrimination directed against Jews as a group . A person who holds such positions is called an antisemite . Antisemitism is generally considered to be a form of racism . The root word Semite gives the false impression that antisemitism is directed against all Semitic people , e.g. , including Arabs . The compound word antisemite was popularized in Germany in 1879 as a scientific-sounding term for Judenhass `` Jew-hatred '' , and that has been its common use since then . Antisemitism may be manifested in many ways , ranging from expressions of hatred of or discrimination against individual Jews to organized pogroms by mobs , state police , or even military attacks on entire Jewish communities . Although the term did not come into common usage until the 19th century , it is now also applied to historic anti-Jewish incidents . Notable instances of persecution include the Rhineland massacres preceding the First Crusade in 1096 , the Edict of Expulsion from England in 1290 , the massacres of Spanish Jews in 1391 , the persecutions of the Spanish Inquisition , the expulsion from Spain in 1492 , the Cossack massacres in Ukraine from 1648 to 1657 , various anti-Jewish pogroms in the Russian Empire between 1821 and 1906 , the 1894 -- 1906 Dreyfus affair in France , the Holocaust in German-occupied Europe , official Soviet anti-Jewish policies , and Arab and Muslim involvement in the Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5bed222125a1ee79612450c77878da7c", "text": "German federal election, 1928 Federal elections were held in Germany on 20 May 1928 . The Social Democratic Party of Germany ( SPD ) remained the largest party in the Reichstag after winning 153 of the 491 seats . Voter turnout was 75.6 % . The only two parties to gain significantly were the SPD , who polled almost a third of votes , and the Communist Party of Germany ( KPD ) , completing a thorough victory of the left wing . However , although the SPD now had 153 seats , it still failed to gain a clear majority , resulting in another coalition government led by Hermann Müller . Following his appointment , Müller , who had already been Germany 's Chancellor for 4 months in 1920 , created a grand coalition of members of the SPD , the German Democratic Party , the Centre Party and the German People 's Party . The coalition was plagued by internal divisions right from the beginning , with each party more concerned with their self-interest than the interest of the government and eventually Müller asked President Paul von Hindenburg for emergency powers . When Hindenburg refused , Müller resigned , marking the end of the ` last genuinely democratic government of the Weimar Republic ' on 27 March 1930 . The recently-reformed Nazi Party contested the elections after the ban on the party was lifted in 1925 . However , the party received less than 3 % of the vote and won just 12 seats in the Reichstag . Adolf Hitler , who had been incarcerated in Landsberg prison for his involvement in the Beer Hall Putsch until Christmas 1924 , had concentrated on re-establishing himself as the leader of the Nazi Party following his release rather than on the party 's electability .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5380d24573e02f78fd0b046aedca0c10", "text": "Pomerania during the High Middle Ages Pomerania during the High Middle Ages covers the History of Pomerania in the 12th and 13th centuries . The early 12th century Obodrite , Polish , Saxon , and Danish conquests resulted in vassalage and Christianization of the formerly pagan and independent Pomeranian tribes . Local dynasties ruled the Principality of Rügen ( House of Wizlaw ) , the Duchy of Pomerania ( House of Pomerania , `` Griffins '' ) , the Lands of Schlawe and Stolp ( Ratiboride branch of the Griffins ) , and the duchies in Pomerelia ( Samborides ) . The dukes of Pomerania expanded their realm into Circipania and Uckermark to the southwest , and competed with the Kingdom of Poland and the Margraviate of Brandenburg for territory and formal overlordship over their duchies . Pomerania-Demmin lost most of its territory and was integrated into Pomerania-Stettin in the mid-13th century . When the Ratiborides died out in 1223 , competition arose for the Lands of Schlawe and Stolp , which changed hands numerous times . Starting in the High Middle Ages , a large influx of German settlers and the introduction of German law , custom , and Low German language began the process of Germanisation ( Ostsiedlung ) . Many of the people groups that had dominated the area during the Early Middle Ages , such as the Slavic Rani , Lutician and Pomeranian tribes , were assimilated into the new German Pomeranian culture . The Germanisation was not complete , as the Kashubians , descendants of Slavic Pomeranians , dominated many rural areas in Pomerelia . The arrival of German colonists and Germanization mostly affected both the central and local administration . The conversion of Pomerania to Christianity was achieved primarily by the missionary efforts of Absalon and Otto von Bamberg , by the foundation of numerous monasteries , and through the Christian clergy and settlers . A Pomeranian diocese was set up in Wolin , the see was later moved to Cammin ( Kammin , Kamień Pomorski ) .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "508f0390f8e243656472d80781ad39fd", "text": "Donnie Darko Donnie Darko is a 2001 science fiction film written and directed by Richard Kelly . It stars Jake Gyllenhaal , Jena Malone , Drew Barrymore , Mary McDonnell , Katharine Ross , Patrick Swayze , Noah Wyle , and Maggie Gyllenhaal . The film follows the adventures of the troubled title character as he seeks the meaning behind his Doomsday-related visions . Filmed over the course of 28 days ( coincidentally mirroring the time transpired in the movie ) , the film was almost released straight-to-video . Donnie Darko was screened at the Sundance Film Festival on January 19 , 2001 , before receiving a limited theatrical release on October 26 , 2001 by Flower Films . Due to the film 's advertising featuring a crashing plane and the September 11 attacks that transpired a month before , the film was scarcely advertised . In the end , Donnie Darko grossed just under $ 7.3 million worldwide on a budget of $ 4.5 million . Despite its lackluster box office performance , Donnie Darko received critical acclaim . Critics lauded the film 's story , acting , and tone . The film was listed # 2 in Empires `` 50 Greatest Independent Films of All Time '' list , as well as # 53 in Empire 's 500 Greatest Movies of All Time . It was released on VHS and DVD in March 2002 . The film became a surprising success on the home video market , reportedly grossing over $ 10 million in home video sales . It has been released on Blu-ray three times : on February 10 , 2009 , July 19 , 2010 , and December 12 , 2016 . The film has also developed a cult following . The film 's soundtrack is also famous for its cover of Tears for Fears 's `` Mad World '' by Gary Jules and Michael Andrews . The cover reached number one on the UK Singles Chart and stayed there for three consecutive weeks . The song also achieved lukewarm success in the United States , reaching number 30 on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart . A director 's cut was released in 2004 , on a two-disc special edition DVD . A stage adaptation appeared in 2007 , and a sequel , S. Darko , in 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f4e5c433703439372802f3aef54fcd3", "text": "Maggie Gyllenhaal Margalit Ruth `` Maggie '' Gyllenhaal ( -LSB- ˈdʒɪlənhɑːl -RSB- born November 16 , 1977 in New York City ) is an American actress . Part of the Gyllenhaal family , she is the daughter of filmmakers Stephen Gyllenhaal and Naomi Achs and the older sister of actor Jake Gyllenhaal . She began her film career as a teenager with roles in her father 's films and appeared alongside her brother in the psychological horror film Donnie Darko ( 2001 ) . She garnered critical praise for starring as Lee Holloway in Secretary ( 2002 ) , for which she was nominated for a Golden Globe Award . For her performance in Sherrybaby ( 2006 ) , she was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture -- Drama . She also received recognition for starring as Rachel Dawes in The Dark Knight ( 2008 ) . For her performance in the musical-drama Crazy Heart ( 2009 ) , she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress . She subsequently starred in Nanny McPhee and the Big Bang ( 2010 ) , Wo n't Back Down ( 2012 ) and Frank ( 2014 ) , for which she was nominated for a BIFA Award . In 2014 , she made her Broadway debut in a revival of The Real Thing , and also starred in the television BBC miniseries The Honourable Woman . For her performance in the latter she won a Golden Globe Award and was nominated for an Emmy Award .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "368588804b2228a2f259ed0087d69831", "text": "Robert Mullan Robert Mullan ( also Bob Mullan ) is a British film director , writer and producer . He is also an author . He wrote and directed Letters to Sofija , Gitel and We Will Sing . He has produced over 40 documentaries , for the BBC , Granada , Anglia Television , Channel4 and for broadcasters outside the UK . His latest film is Mad to Be Normal , a biography of R. D. Laing with David Tennant in the lead role .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fca3999162b954b396e2de08011cc215", "text": "Stitches (2012 film) Stitches is a 2012 psychological horror comedy fantasy film directed by Conor McMahon and starring Ross Noble , Tommy Knight and Gemma-Leah Devereux . The plot concerns a birthday clown returning from the dead to exact revenge upon a boy and a group of children who contributed to his death . The film was produced by Fantastic Films and Tailored Films in 2012 and marks the film debut of Tommy Knight and stand-up comedian Ross Noble . The film is an international co-production between Ireland , Sweden , and the United Kingdom . McMahon began working on the film after receiving a $ 600,000 grant from the Irish Film Board , also utilizing funding from MEDIA Europe . Filming for the movie took place in Ireland . Stitches premiered in Dublin , Ireland in September 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e792cc903ad83e994718b6c5e13cf424", "text": "Mongrel (film) Mongrel is a 1982 American horror film written and directed by Robert A. Burns . This is the only feature film Burns directed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85f4c787f6f6f4f7d05688d732622ad7", "text": "Drive-In (film) Drive-In is a 1976 American comedy film directed by Rod Amateau and written by Bob Peete . The film stars Lisa Lemole , Gary Lee Cavagnaro , Glenn Morshower , Billy Milliken , Lee Newsom and Regan Kee . The film was released on May 26 , 1976 , by Columbia Pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "32a207776d3037ca7ba9c8a9435f20b7", "text": "Whiffs Whiffs is a 1975 comedy film directed by Ted Post , produced by Brut Productions and released theatrically in the U.S. by 20th Century Fox . It stars Elliott Gould as a gullible military private who volunteers to be the subject of numerous military biological and chemical weaponry experiments , and later robs banks as a result .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cb05879aced42fd1a601c3f79d7295b6", "text": "Mindhunters Mindhunters is a 2004 American-British crime thriller film directed by Renny Harlin and starring Kathryn Morris , LL Cool J , Jonny Lee Miller , Patricia Velásquez , Clifton Collins , Jr. , Christian Slater and Val Kilmer . It was written by Wayne Kramer and Kevin Brodbin ( with an uncredited rewrite by Ehren Kruger ) . Unusually , the last country to receive this film was the United States in 2005 , because of the film 's distribution rights being changed from 20th Century Fox to Dimension Films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9decda172a8bcd06a7915af7c30ea6d1", "text": "Pimp (film) Pimp is a British thriller film in the mockumentary vein of Man Bites Dog , it was released in cinemas on 21 May 2010 . It is written , produced and directed by Robert Cavanah who also plays the lead role . It also starred Billy Boyd , Martin Compston , Scarlett Alice Johnson , Barbara Nedeljáková , Robert Fucilla and Danny Dyer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2b5963d11c7cf923930d791326ba7e0", "text": "You Instead You Instead ( alternate U.S. title Tonight You 're Mine ) is a 2011 British `` Rock 'n' roll romantic comedy '' written by Thomas Leveritt and directed by David Mackenzie . The film stars Luke Treadaway , Natalia Tena , Gavin Mitchell and Alastair Mackenzie . Set at T in the Park music festival and shot by Sigma Films , two feuding rock stars are handcuffed together at a festival where they are due to perform .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7e7775e90aa587d726ff4eb3ed7e91a", "text": "Mostly Ghostly: One Night in Doom House Mostly Ghostly : One Night in Doom House is a 2016 horror comedy fantasy film directed by Ron Oliver and the sequel to Mostly Ghostly : Have You Met My Ghoulfriend ? ( 2014 ) . The film is based on the third book of the same name by R. L. Stine and the third installment of the Mostly Ghostly film series . The film was released on DVD on September 6 , 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c6c9a60c2541186896d4776933cd269c", "text": "G:MT – Greenwich Mean Time G : MT -- Greenwich Mean Time is a 1999 British drama film . Starring Steve John Shepherd and Chiwetel Ejiofor , the film features music by Acid Jazz and Jungle artists including Talvin Singh , Hinda Hicks and Imogen Heap . It was also one of the last projects of the late jazz trumpeter Lester Bowie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bf49a1d702bf6a6ed5a2a9e71519b1c9", "text": "Karen Gillan Karen Sheila Gillan ( born 28 November 1987 ) is a Scottish actress and director . She is known for the role of Amy Pond , companion to the Eleventh Doctor , in the BBC science fiction series Doctor Who ( 2010 -- 13 ) . In film , she has starred as Jane Lockhart in Not Another Happy Ending ( 2013 ) , Kaylie Russell in the horror film Oculus ( 2013 ) , and Nebula in the Marvel film Guardians of the Galaxy ( 2014 ) and its sequel Guardians of the Galaxy Vol . 2 ( 2017 ) . She took part in the upcoming films Jumanji : Welcome to the Jungle , The Circle ( 2017 ) , Avengers : Infinity War ( 2018 ) and its untitled sequel ( 2019 ) . In 2017 , she directed her first feature film The Party 's Just Beginning .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e41843f3609d57aa07829e5ec8220484", "text": "List of awards and nominations received by Jake Gyllenhaal Jake Gyllenhaal is an American actor who has appeared in multiple film roles . Throughout his career , Gyllenhaal has been nominated for various awards including Academy Awards , British Academy Film Awards , and Golden Globe Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "efcbcdb90d91c3bb0f7838f07ef6802c", "text": "Rob Green (film director) Rob Green is a film director , producer , editor and screenwriter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "91dc0f68ba67ca570c32a9e24d59bd93", "text": "Peeples (film) Peeples is a 2013 American comedy film written and directed by Tina Gordon Chism and produced by Tyler Perry . It stars Craig Robinson and Kerry Washington and was released by Lionsgate on May 10 , 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7aea547d5519a4753b43e17cb87fe3c5", "text": "Perfect Sense Perfect Sense , formerly known as The Last Word , is a 2011 science fiction drama film directed by David Mackenzie and written by Kim Fupz Aakeson , starring Eva Green and Ewan McGregor . Scenes were shot in various locations around Glasgow , Mexico City and Kenya . The film premiered at the 2011 Sundance Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "00b2abb9c2ea45054f60f859da99d220", "text": "Soursweet Soursweet is a 1988 British film directed by Mike Newell . The screenplay was written by Ian McEwan from the novel Sour Sweet by Timothy Mo. .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f1e38d372ead80b16aac5e168496b21", "text": "Nobody's Perfect (1990 film) Nobody 's Perfect is a 1990 American comedy film directed by Robert Kaylor and starring Chad Lowe and Gail O'Grady .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "61fdbf6028a1ac5c8c56c6231f9f06bf", "text": "Straight Talk Straight Talk is an 1992 American romantic comedy film directed by Barnet Kellman and starring Dolly Parton and James Woods . Parton did not receive solo star-billing in any other theatrically released films until the 2012 film Joyful Noise , alongside Queen Latifah . Her previous starring films had been 9 to 5 ( 1980 ) , The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas ( 1982 ) , Rhinestone ( 1984 ) , and Steel Magnolias ( 1989 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "576767220a7a7999fa05b01cd54cab43", "text": "Aloha (film) Aloha is a 2015 American romantic comedy-drama film written , produced and directed by Cameron Crowe . The film , starring Bradley Cooper , Emma Stone , Rachel McAdams , Bill Murray , John Krasinski , Danny McBride , and Alec Baldwin , was released on May 29 , 2015 . The film received negative reviews from critics , and has grossed only $ 26 million against a budget of $ 37 million , making the film a box office bomb .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dcf0f937f389975a7a5eb45bbb550cbb", "text": "Look Back in Anger (1980 film) Look Back in Anger is a 1980 British film starring Malcolm McDowell , Lisa Banes and Fran Brill , and directed by Lindsay Anderson and David Hugh Jones . The film is based on John Osborne 's play Look Back in Anger .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "e4c73d4f1f10eca586ae870d5b2f9212", "text": "Jennifer Garner Jennifer Anne Garner ( born April 17 , 1972 ) is an American actress . Her breakthrough film debut was in the comedy Dude , Where 's My Car ( 2000 ) . Following a supporting role in Pearl Harbor , Garner gained recognition for her performance as CIA officer Sydney Bristow in the ABC spy-action thriller Alias , which aired from 2001 to 2006 . For her work on the series , she won a Golden Globe Award and a SAG Award and received four Emmy Award nominations . While working on Alias , Garner gained a cameo role in Catch Me if You Can ( 2002 ) , followed by a praised leading performance in the romantic comedy film 13 Going on 30 ( 2004 ) . Garner has appeared in supporting as well as lead film roles including the superhero films Daredevil ( 2003 ) and Elektra ( 2005 ) , the comedy-drama Juno ( 2007 ) , and the fantasy romantic comedy The Invention of Lying ( 2009 ) . In the 2010s , she appeared in the romantic-comedy film Valentine 's Day , the fantasy comedy-drama film The Odd Life of Timothy Green ( 2012 ) , the biographical drama Dallas Buyers Club ( 2013 ) , and the comedy Alexander and the Terrible , Horrible , No Good , Very Bad Day ( 2014 ) . Garner works frequently as an activist for early childhood education and is a board member of Save the Children . She is also an advocate for anti-paparazzi campaigns among children of celebrities . Garner had a five-year relationship with Scott Foley from 1998 to 2003 , during which they married . Garner married Ben Affleck in 2005 , with whom she has three children ; they separated in 2015 and filed for divorce in April 2017 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "28d933cfa175fb8c2b54e9404a37b1c6", "text": "Swindle (2002 film) Swindle is a 2002 crime thriller film written and directed by K.C. Bascombe and starring Tom Sizemore , Sherilyn Fenn and Dave Foley .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e112d28a09d70117e27782ede378f7c", "text": "Silver Linings Playbook Silver Linings Playbook is a 2012 American romantic comedy-drama film written and directed by David O. Russell . It was adapted from the novel The Silver Linings Playbook , by Matthew Quick . The film stars Bradley Cooper and Jennifer Lawrence , with Robert De Niro , Jacki Weaver , Chris Tucker , Anupam Kher , and Julia Stiles in supporting roles . Cooper plays Patrick `` Pat '' Solitano , Jr. , a man with bipolar disorder who is released from a psychiatric hospital and moves back in with his parents , played by Robert De Niro and Jacki Weaver . Determined to win back his estranged wife , Pat meets recently widowed Tiffany Maxwell , portrayed by Jennifer Lawrence , who offers to help him get his wife back if he enters a dance competition with her . The two become closer as they train and Pat , his father , and Tiffany examine their relationships with each other as they cope with their problems . Silver Linings Playbook premiered at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival on September 8 , 2012 , and was released in the United States on November 16 , 2012 . The film opened to major critical success and earned numerous accolades . It received eight Academy Award nominations , including Best Picture , Best Director , Best Adapted Screenplay . It became the first film since 1981 's Reds to be Oscar-nominated for the four acting categories and the first since 2004 's Million Dollar Baby to be nominated for the Big Five Oscars , with Lawrence winning the Academy Award for Best Actress . It also achieved four Golden Globe Award nominations , with Lawrence winning Best Actress ; three BAFTA nominations , with Russell winning for Best Adapted Screenplay ; four Screen Actors Guild nominations ; and five Independent Spirit Award nominations , winning in four categories , including Best Film . The film was a success at the box office , grossing over $ 236 million worldwide , more than eleven times its budget .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "099ee3a77bbfd07b11206802b6634ecd", "text": "Desperate Housewives Desperate Housewives is an American television comedy-drama and mystery series created by Marc Cherry , and produced by ABC Studios and Cherry Productions . It originally aired for eight seasons on ABC , from October 3 , 2004 to May 13 , 2012 . Executive producer Cherry served as showrunner . Other executive producers since the fourth season included Bob Daily , George W. Perkins , John Pardee , Joey Murphy , David Grossman , and Larry Shaw . Set on Wisteria Lane , a street in the fictional town of Fairview in the fictional Eagle State , Desperate Housewives follows the lives of a group of women as seen through the eyes of their late friend and neighbor who committed suicide in the pilot episode . The storyline covers 13 years of the women 's lives over eight seasons , set between the years 2004 -- 2008 , and later 2013 -- 2017 ( the story arc includes a five-year passage of time , as well as flashbacks ranging from the 1980s to the 2020s ) . They work through domestic struggles and family life , while facing the secrets , crimes and mysteries hidden behind the doors of their -- on the surface -- beautiful and seemingly perfect suburban neighborhood . The series features an ensemble cast , headed by Teri Hatcher as Susan Mayer , Felicity Huffman as Lynette Scavo , Marcia Cross as Bree Van de Kamp , and Eva Longoria as Gabrielle Solis . Brenda Strong narrates the series as the late Mary Alice Young , appearing sporadically in flashbacks or dream sequences . Desperate Housewives was well received by viewers and critics alike . It won multiple Primetime Emmy , Golden Globe and Screen Actors Guild Awards . From the 2004 -- 05 through the 2008 -- 09 television seasons , its first five seasons were rated amongst the top ten most-watched series . In 2007 , it was reported to be the most popular show in its demographic worldwide , with an audience of approximately 120 million and was also reported as the third most watched television series in a study of ratings in twenty countries . In 2012 , it remained the most-watched comedy series internationally based on data from Eurodata TV Worldwide , which measured ratings across five continents ; it has held this position since 2006 . Moreover , it was the third highest revenue earning series for 2010 , with $ 2.74 million per half an hour . The show was ranked at number fifty-six on Entertainment Weekly `` New TV Classics '' list . In 2011 , it was confirmed that Desperate Housewives would conclude after its eighth season ; the series finale aired on May 13 , 2012 . By the end of the series , it had surpassed Charmed as the longest running hour-long television series featuring all female leads by two episodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d8732ed48c4e1c0e385a4b9b55b7c65", "text": "James Foley (journalist) James Wright `` Jim '' Foley ( October 18 , 1973 -- c. August 19 , 2014 ) was an American journalist and video reporter . While working as a freelance war correspondent during the Syrian Civil War , he was abducted on November 22 , 2012 , in northwestern Syria . He was beheaded in August 2014 purportedly as a response to American airstrikes in Iraq , thus becoming the first American citizen killed by the Islamic State of Iraq ( ISIS ) . Before he became a journalist , Foley was an instructor for Teach For America . In 2009 , he became an embedded journalist with USAID-funded development projects in Iraq , and in 2011 he wrote for the military newspaper Stars and Stripes in Afghanistan , and GlobalPost in Libya . There , he was captured by Gaddafi loyalist forces and held for 44 days . The next year , James Foley was captured in Syria while he was working for Agence France-Presse and GlobalPost .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d225dc315258d25b16334c717f86aa8", "text": "Wakefield (film) Wakefield is a 2016 American drama film directed and written by Robin Swicord , based on the short story of same name by E. L. Doctorow . The film stars Bryan Cranston and Jennifer Garner . Principal photography began on November 30 , 2015 , in Pasadena , California . The film had its world premiere at the Telluride Film Festival on September 2 , 2016 . It was released in a limited release on May 19 , 2017 , before being released through video on demand on May 26 , 2017 , by IFC Films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a48ddc5d21e09699d0a8f495cbff4301", "text": "Joel Schumacher Joel T. Schumacher ( born August 29 , 1939 ) is an American film director , screenwriter , and producer . Schumacher rose to fame after directing hit films of his decade St. Elmo 's Fire ( 1985 ) , The Lost Boys ( 1987 ) and Flatliners ( 1990 ) . He later went on to direct John Grisham adaptations The Client ( 1994 ) and A Time to Kill ( 1996 ) . His films Falling Down ( 1993 ) and 8mm ( 1999 ) were competed for Palme d'Or and Golden Bear respectively . In 1993 , he signed on to direct the next installments of Batman film series . Schumacher-directed Batman films Batman Forever ( 1995 ) and particularly Batman & Robin ( 1997 ) received negative reactions from both public and critics . After Batman films , Schumacher pulled back from blockbusters and returned to making minimalist films such as Tigerland ( 2000 ) and Phone Booth ( 2002 ) , both earning positive reviews . He also directed The Phantom of the Opera ( 2004 ) , The Number 23 ( 2007 ) and several episodes of House of Cards . Known for casting young actors , Schumacher helped actors like Colin Farrell , Kiefer Sutherland , and Matthew McConaughey to launch careers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9241a266a7c598ae681f5787b45112ed", "text": "Garner Garner may refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a3b0e09b310df506b2428d6b33006f97", "text": "A Gun for Jennifer A Gun for Jennifer is a 1997 rape and revenge film directed by Todd Morris and starring Deborah Twiss . It follows a feminist vigilante group who castrate suspected rapists and batterers while a female police officer attempts to stop them . It is shot in a retro grindhouse style and premiered at the Fantasia Festival in July 1997 , where it was sold-out an hour before screening and received a standing ovation . The film has not left the festival circuit ; Fangoria reported that it had been picked up for distribution by Mondo Macabro , but the release never came to fruition . The movie was covered in the documentary In the Belly of the Beast , which detailed Morris and Twiss 's discovery that their financier ( whom Twiss had met while working as an exotic dancer ) had been embezzling money .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1bed1cd9dd495df6a078cb813233488", "text": "Scott McGehee Scott McGehee ( born April 20 , 1962 ) , is an American film director and screenwriter . He is a Columbia University graduate and did graduate work in the Rhetoric department at UC Berkeley . He was born in California , and currently resides in New York City . He is half of a long-standing writing-directing partnership with filmmaker David Siegel . Neither attended film school . McGehee is openly gay . He was a member of the US Dramatic Jury at the 2009 Sundance Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "79be731cf527f945acee9d6e6f1b7868", "text": "Lila & Eve Lila & Eve is a 2015 American crime drama film directed by Charles Stone III and written by Patrick Gilfillan . The film stars Viola Davis and Jennifer Lopez . It premiered on January 30 , 2015 , at the Sundance Film Festival . The film was released in North America on July 17 , 2015 , in a limited release and through video on demand by Samuel Goldwyn Films . This marks the second time Davis and Lopez acted in a film together , the first being the Steven Soderbergh film Out of Sight in 1998 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dcf5511dd500aef4f98dd3b5a41c8ddb", "text": "Pay It Forward (film) Pay It Forward is a 2000 American drama-romance film based on the novel of the same name by Catherine Ryan Hyde . The film is set in Las Vegas in the present day , and it chronicles 12-year-old Trevor McKinney 's launch of a goodwill movement known as ` pay it forward ' . Directed by Mimi Leder and written by Leslie Dixon , the film stars Haley Joel Osment as Trevor , Helen Hunt as his alcoholic single mother Arlene McKinney , and Kevin Spacey as his physically and emotionally scarred social studies teacher Eugene Simonet . Pay It Forward was released on October 20 , 2000 to mixed reviews , with most critics praising the acting , writing , music and cinematography but criticizing the story and accusing it of excessive emotional manipulation , particularly in its ending . The film was a moderate box office success , earning just over $ 55.7 million on a $ 40 million budget .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "907c6b7233e1e24c83843a55d64e7cdf", "text": "Winter's Bone Winter 's Bone is a 2010 American independent drama film , an adaptation of Daniel Woodrell 's 2006 novel of the same name . Written and directed by Debra Granik , the film stars Jennifer Lawrence as a teenaged girl in the rural Ozarks of the central United States who , to protect her family from eviction , must locate her missing father . The film explores the interrelated themes of close and distant family ties , the power and speed of gossip , self-sufficiency , and poverty as they are changed by the pervasive underworld of illegal methamphetamine labs . Winter 's Bone won several awards , including the Grand Jury Prize : Dramatic Film at the 2010 Sundance Film Festival . It also received four 2011 Academy Award nominations : Best Picture , Best Adapted Screenplay , Best Actress and Best Supporting Actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84583b1e9de53cee1a15e80c2ad04123", "text": "Dallas Buyers Club Dallas Buyers Club is a 2013 American biographical drama film , co-written by Craig Borten and Melisa Wallack , and directed by Jean-Marc Vallée . The film tells the story of Ron Woodroof , an AIDS patient diagnosed in the mid 1980s when HIV/AIDS treatments were under-researched , while the disease was not understood and highly stigmatized . As part of the experimental AIDS treatment movement , he smuggled unapproved pharmaceutical drugs into Texas for treating his symptoms , and distributed them to fellow people with AIDS by establishing the `` Dallas Buyers Club '' while facing opposition from the Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) . Two fictional supporting characters , Dr. Eve Saks ( Jennifer Garner ) , and Rayon ( Jared Leto ) , were composite roles created from the writer 's interviews with transgender AIDS patients , activists , and doctors . Screenwriter Borten interviewed Woodroof in 1992 and wrote the script , which he polished with writer Wallack in 2000 , and then sold to producer Robbie Brenner . Several other actors , directors , and producers who were attached at various times to the development of the film left the project . Universal Pictures also tried to make the film , but did not . A couple of screenwriters wrote drafts that were rejected . In 2009 , producer Brenner involved Matthew McConaughey , because of his Texas origins , the same as Woodroof 's . Brenner selected the first draft , written by Borten and Wallack , for the film , and then Vallée was set to direct the film . Principal photography began on November 11 , 2012 , in New Orleans , Louisiana , continuing for 25 days of filming , which also included shooting in Baton Rouge . Brenner and Rachel Winter co-produced the film . The official soundtrack album was featured by various artists , and was released digitally on October 29 , 2013 , by the Relativity Music Group . Dallas Buyers Club premiered at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival and was released theatrically in the United States on November 1 , 2013 , by Focus Features , strategically entering wide release on November 22 for award season . The film grossed over $ 27 million domestically and $ 27.9 million internationally , the box office revenue returned over $ 55 million against a budget of $ 5 million in 182-days of a theatrical run . It grossed over $ 4.5 million from DVD , and over $ 3 million from Blu-ray sales . The film received universal critical acclaim , resulting in numerous accolades . Most praised the performances of McConaughey and Leto , who received the Academy Award for Best Actor and for Best Supporting Actor , respectively , at the 86th Academy Awards , making this the first film since Mystic River ( 2003 ) , and only the fifth movie ever , to win both awards . The film also won the award for Best Makeup and Hairstyling , and garnered nominations for Best Picture , Best Original Screenplay , and Best Editing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c565b9efc221fcf7f2ae9d28f01f63ec", "text": "Jennifer Welles Jennifer Welles ( born March 15 , 1937 ) is an American former pornographic actress in films of the 1970s , although she began her acting career in the late 1960s in the softcore sexploitation genre films produced in New York . Some of these include : Sex by Advertisement ( 1967 ) , Career Bed , Submission , and This Sporting House , by pornographic film director Henri Pachard ( all from 1969 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a96fed149591ca6f0cff27eb1f1498bd", "text": "List of accolades received by Dallas Buyers Club Dallas Buyers Club is a 2013 American biographical drama film directed by Jean-Marc Vallée based on a screenplay written by Craig Borten and Melisa Wallack . Matthew McConaughey stars as Ron Woodroof , an AIDS patient who smuggles unapproved AIDS drug treatments into Texas and establishes the titular club where he distributes them amongst other AIDS sufferers whilst opposed by the Food and Drug Administration . Jared Leto and Jennifer Garner feature in supporting roles . Dallas Buyers Club premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 7 , 2013 . Focus Features initially gave the film a limited release at nine theaters on November 1 before expanding it on November 22 to over 600 theaters in the United States and Canada . The film grossed a worldwide total of over $ 55 million on a production budget of $ 5 million . Rotten Tomatoes , a review aggregator , surveyed 234 reviews and judged 94 % to be positive . Dallas Buyers Club garnered awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for the performances of actors , McConaughey and Leto . At the 86th Academy Awards , the film received six nominations , including Best Picture , Best Original Screenplay , Best Actor for McConaughey , and Best Supporting Actor for Leto . McConaughey and Leto went on to win their respective categories -- only the fifth film in Oscars history to win both awards . Hairstylist Adruitha Lee , and makeup artist Robin Mathews won for Best Makeup and Hairstyling . Mathews ' makeup budget for the film was only $ 250 . At the 71st Golden Globe Awards , McConaughey won for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Drama , and Leto won for Best Supporting Actor -- Motion Picture . At the Screen Actors Guild Awards the film had three nominations ; winning Best Actor for McConaughey and Best Supporting Actor for Leto . Borten and Wallack 's screenplay was also nominated for Best Original Screenplay at the Writers Guild of America Awards . The National Board of Review named Dallas Buyers Club one of the top ten independent films of 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af9b1045a686e3863da8eaceecac8be1", "text": "Day on Fire Day on Fire is an American film which was produced by Lodestar Entertainment and filmed in New York City and Israel in 2006 . It is written and directed by Jay Anania , stars Academy Award winner Olympia Dukakis , Carmen Chaplin , Alyssa Sutherland and Martin Donovan and is produced by William Fisch and Larry Rattner . The film was scored by John Medeski with vocals by Judy Kuhn . Day on Fire was screened at the 2006 Cannes Film Festival on May 22 , 2006 . Day on Fire tells the story of a singer , a model , an Arab woman journalist , and a physician as they criss-cross New York City over a 12-hour period . Their intersecting lives unfold against the backdrop of a ghastly suicide bombing in Israel , and the strange New York City wanderings of a malevolent Handsome Man , whose predatory intents lend an air of inevitable , horrific violence . Beautifully and hauntingly musical , this thriller also has a political and personal intrigue that mounts inexorably as the sun begins to set on this fateful day . By the time night has fallen in the city , the crossing of these individual fates is sealed . Each of these four women has found their destiny amidst the brutality that the film reveals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e946a568b30ff0ba85f52fad338f29ea", "text": "Jennifer Young Jennifer Young ( born August 21 , 1969 ) is an American film producer and photographer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a1dd0ac75995cca85e44735bdf2c861e", "text": "I Know What You Did Last Summer I Know What You Did Last Summer is a 1997 American slasher film written by Kevin Williamson and directed by Jim Gillespie . The film is loosely based on the 1973 novel of the same name by Lois Duncan . The film also draws inspiration from the urban legend known as The Hook . The film stars Jennifer Love Hewitt , Sarah Michelle Gellar , Ryan Phillippe and Freddie Prinze , Jr. , with Anne Heche , Bridgette Wilson , and Johnny Galecki appearing in supporting roles . I Know What You Did Last Summer centers on four friends who are being stalked by a killer , one year after covering up a car accident in which they were involved . The film was directed by Jim Gillespie , from a screenplay written by Kevin Williamson , writer of Scream . I Know What You Did Last Summer received mixed reviews from critics , but was commercially successful , grossing over $ 125 million at the box office . It was also nominated for and won multiple awards . As a result , the film has been parodied and referenced in popular culture . The film was followed by two sequels , I Still Know What You Did Last Summer ( 1998 ) and the straight-to-DVD release I 'll Always Know What You Did Last Summer ( 2006 ) . Though the former film sees a continuation of the plotline established in its predecessor , the latter film establishes a new plotline and does not star any cast members from the previous two installments .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18e67f79d25620c7d7ec7f0a5769b1da", "text": "Mark Foley scandal The Mark Foley scandal , which broke in late September 2006 , centers on soliciting e-mails and sexually suggestive instant messages sent by Mark Foley , a Republican Congressman from Florida , to teenaged boys who had formerly served as congressional pages . Investigation was closed by the Florida Department of Law Enforcement ( FDLE ) on September 19 , 2008 citing insufficient evidence to pursue criminal charges as both `` Congress and Mr. Foley denied us access to critical data '' , said FDLE Commissioner Gerald Bailey . The scandal grew to encompass the response of Republican congressional leaders to previous complaints about Foley 's contacts with the pages and inconsistencies in the leaders ' public statements . There were also allegations that a second Republican Congressman , Jim Kolbe , had improper conduct with at least two youths , a 16-year-old page and a recently graduated page . The scandal led to Foley 's resignation from Congress on September 29 , 2006 . In some quarters , the scandal is believed to have contributed to the Republican Party 's loss of control over Congress in the November 7 , 2006 election , as well as the end of House Speaker Dennis Hastert 's leadership of the House Republicans . Kirk Fordham , chief of staff to Rep. Tom Reynolds and former chief of staff for Foley , also resigned as a result of the scandal . Newsweek 's June 7 , 2010 , issue 's BACK STORY listed Foley , among others , as a prominent conservative politician who had a record of anti-gay legislation and was later caught in a gay sex scandal . The questionable conversations , which took place between 1995 and 2005 , were investigated by the FBI for possible criminal violations . In September 2008 , Florida officials investigating Foley decided not to charge him , citing a lack of evidence and the expiration of the statute of limitations . The House Ethics Committee investigated the response of the House Republican leadership and their staff to earlier warnings about Foley 's conduct . In early October 2006 , two news organizations anonymously quoted former pages who said that they had sexual liaisons with Foley after turning 18 and 21 . Foley was chairman of the House Caucus on Missing and Exploited Children , which introduced legislation targeting sexual predators and created stricter guidelines for tracking them .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da21ac655b3987384f5be09cfa6895a9", "text": "Mary Pat Gleason Mary Pat Gleason ( born February 23 , 1950 ) is an American film and television actress and an Emmy Award winning writer . From 1983 -- 85 , she appeared on The Guiding Light as Jane Hogan . Since the early 1980s she has appeared on such television series as Full House , Dear John , Murphy Brown , Empty Nest , L.A. Law , Saved by the Bell , Murder , She Wrote , Friends , Step by Step , Suddenly Susan , Will & Grace , Sex and the City , Desperate Housewives , Family Matters , NCIS : Los Angeles , The Middleman , Up All Night , 1600 Penn , Motive , Baby Daddy , Grey 's Anatomy , Partners , Mama 's Family , Two Broke Girls and Mom . She has appeared in such feature films as I Now Pronounce You Chuck and Larry , Basic Instinct , Traffic , Bruce Almighty , 13 Going on 30 , The Crucible , Bottle Shock , A Cinderella Story , The Island , Killing Kennedy and Nina .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "f4541d31eb4a458a3f2fd18dba8a6d15", "text": "Gary Ridgway Gary Leon Ridgway ( born February 18 , 1949 ) is an American serial killer known as the Green River Killer . He was initially convicted of 48 separate murders and later confessed to nearly twice that number . As part of his plea bargain , an additional conviction was added , bringing the total number of convictions to 49 , making him the most prolific American serial killer in history according to confirmed murders . He murdered numerous women and girls in Washington State during the 1980s and 1990s . Most of his victims were alleged to be sex workers and other women in vulnerable situations , including underage runaways . The press gave him his nickname after the first five victims were found in the Green River before his identity was known . He strangled the women , usually by hand but sometimes using ligatures . After strangling them , he would dump their bodies in forested and overgrown areas in King County , often returning to the dead bodies to have sexual intercourse with them . On November 30 , 2001 , as he was leaving the Kenworth truck factory where he worked in Renton , Washington , he was arrested for the murders of four women whose cases were linked to him through DNA evidence . As part of a plea bargain wherein he agreed to disclose the locations of still-missing women , he was spared the death penalty and received a sentence of life imprisonment without parole .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "a4f7d07a4e21748eec56c1c66b5404dd", "text": "Riddell Riddell is an American company specializing in sports equipment for American football . It is headquartered in Rosemont , Illinois ; in 2017 the company will relocate to a new facility in adjacent Des Plaines , Illinois . The company was started by John Tate Riddell . Riddell first invented the removable cleat and then went on to invent the first ever plastic suspension helmet in 1939 . In 2008 , Dan Arment was appointed president of Riddell . Arment previously worked as executive vice-president and general manager of mass-market business for BRG Sports , Riddell 's parent company , which is owned by private equity firm Fenway Partners . Fenway acquired the company in 2003 from Lincolnshire Management . In 2008 , Riddell sued competitor Schutt Sports . Two years later , Schutt filed a lawsuit , also for patent-infringement , against Riddell . Riddell ended up winning , leading to Schutt filing for bankruptcy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4c3eb9ca8640a89b2ec73ef7020fc456", "text": "Wigwag (magazine) Wigwag was an American magazine published from 1988 until 1991 . Founded by Alexander `` Lex '' Kaplen , who worked at The New Yorker , Wigwag eschewed celebrity coverage in favor of personal and literary writing . A test issue was put on newsstands in the summer of 1988 , and the magazine formally debuted in October 1989 . The magazine attracted writers such as Peter Matthiessen , Terry McMillan , Garry Wills , Alex Heard , Sousa Jamba and Nancy Franklin , but despite a circulation of 120,000 , and despite being financially successful , ceased publication when the Gulf War broke out in 1991 and the economy entered a recession . It published its last issue in February 1991 . In its brief lifetime it reached a circulation of close to 200,000 and became a brand name signifying family-feeling and an appreciation of the qualities of non-metropolitan America . The legend of Wigwag 's founding by a group of young exiles from The New Yorker -- an exodus which followed The New Yorker 's acquisition by Conde Nast and Conde Nast 's subsequent dismissal of The New Yorker 's longtime editor William Shawn -- attracted an enormous amount of attention to its launch and early publication . Once launched , it quickly became a success d'estime , and critics often called it the `` Anti-Spy '' -- in reference to the funny , cruel and cynical New York magazine of that name . Many saw the two magazines as rivals for media attention -- neither survived the 1991 recession ( although Spy lingered on in a brief afterlife ) . Contemporary observers thought that the `` parent ship , '' The New Yorker itself , then edited by Robert Gottlieb , also saw itself as threatened by Wigwag during Wigwag 's lifetime . Wigwag proposed a kind of counter-reality to the sophistication which magazines like The New Yorker and Spy aspired to -- offering , instead of The New Yorker 's famed `` Talk of the Town '' section , its own titled opening section , `` Letters from Home . '' Notable staffers at Wigwag include Nancy Holyoke , who went on ( with the help of Harriet Brown , another Wigwag editor , now an associate professor at the S. I. Newhouse School of Public Communications ) to found American Girl magazine at Pleasant Company in Wisconsin , Caroline Fraser , the author of a noted history of the Christian Science Church , and Evan Cornog , now associate dean of the Columbia Graduate School of Journalism . One of the most significant contributors to Wigwag 's identity was its art director , the illustrator and designer Paul Davis . Many have observed that Wigwag 's editorial and design innovations under Kaplen and Davis were later adopted by Tina Brown and implemented at The New Yorker when she became its editor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a3651f2069b8e2bbe94ced210964a79", "text": "District Council of Green's Plains The District Council of Green 's Plains was a local government area in South Australia from 1871 to 1888 . It was the first local government on the Yorke Peninsula . It was proclaimed on 20 July 1871 under the District Councils Act 1858 , following a memorial signed by 32 local residents as required under the Act . It comprised parts of the cadastral Hundreds of Kadina and Kulpara , and was named after early sheep station Green 's Plains established by John Green in 1851 . It had five councillors at its inception , with Richard Renfrey , John Reid , James Hosking , Daniel Skipworth and John Scobie appointed the first councillors in the founding proclamation . In the early 1880s , the council undertook a program of building reservoirs to secure water supply along with the adjoining District Council of Clinton and District Council of Kulpara . It was the subject of some controversy in 1883 when it was revealed that in an unusual arrangement , it shared the same clerk , Kadina resident James Wiltshire , with the Kulpara and Clinton councils . The colonial government exercised their powers to audit the accounts of a district council for the first time , but Wiltshire `` positively refused to produce the books '' to the colonial Audit Commissioners . Upon the intervention of the Commissioner of Crown Lands with the chairman , Wiltshire produced the books , which were discovered to be `` six months in arrears and without vouchers '' . The Audit Commissioners described the council 's accounts as `` very unsatisfactory in several respects '' and requested that the council 's books be sent to Adelaide , but after they did not arrive , `` found that Mr. Wiltshire had been for some time pretending they had been sent to us . '' When the books finally arrived , the Audit Commissioners found that they `` had been kept so badly they involved a very large amount of labour to unravel , and the result shows a large debit balance , which will require explanation . '' The council was denied their subsidy for that year , and denied further subsidies so long as Wiltshire remained clerk ; he would subsequently resign in early 1884 . The council 's auditors also received strong criticism when the report on the matter was tabled before the House of Assembly . The Yorke 's Peninsula Advertiser labelled the Green 's Plains council `` the worst in the colony in the eyes of the Audit Commissioners '' and claimed the councillors had been `` bamboozled and humbugged by their paid officer '' . It was abolished from 5 January 1888 following the passage of the District Councils Act 1887 , which established a much broader District Council of Kadina covering the Green 's Plains area . The abolition was met with continued local opposition , with residents arguing that they had `` no sympathy with Wallaroo or Kadina '' , and variously suggesting as alternatives that they should stand alone or be joined with some combination of the District Council of Kulpara , District Council of Clinton and District Council of Ninnes . The last chairman of the District Council of Green 's Plains , Peter Allen , subsequently became the first chairman of the District Council of Kadina , and later a long-serving state MP .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e7990e9764cee42021252dfbc443dda", "text": "Margaret Hogg Margaret Hogg ( c. 1939 -- October 1976 ) was a manslaughter victim whose body was preserved in Wast Water , Lake District National Park , Cumbria , for eight years . Married to Peter Hogg , she had worked as an airline stewardess for Air Europe ; her husband was a pilot . Peter was 19 years older than Margaret , and briefly achieved front-page news on 16 August 1974 when he landed at Luton Airport as the captain of a Lockheed L-1011 Tristar of Court Line that he had piloted overnight from a refuelling stop at Gander , Canada , bringing Clarksons holidaymakers back from St. Lucia . This was the airline 's last flight as Court Line had ceased trading the previous day . Margaret had a three-year affair with banker Graham Ryan , and often flaunted it before Peter . One night in October 1976 , Mrs Hogg attacked her husband , hitting and kicking until he `` grabbed her round the neck and squeezed hard '' . Margaret Hogg suffocated and Peter wrapped her body in a carpet , tied it to a block of concrete , drove north overnight from Surrey and dumped the body in Wast Water lake in the Wasdale valley in the Lake District National Park , England . The body settled at a depth of 34 metres ( 110 ft ) , only a short distance away from much deeper parts of the deepest lake in England . Due to the lack of oxygen , her body did not decompose , but over time was preserved by the formation of adipocere . In 1983 , the lake was searched for the body of Veronique Mireille Marre , a missing French student . Subsequently , the remains of Margaret Hogg were found by a diver , Neil Pritt , in March 1984 , who initially thought them to be just a roll of old carpet . Shortly after the recovery , the body was identified by friends . The police investigation was made easier by noting the two sets of initials engraved on the inside of the gold wedding ring recovered from Margaret 's body . Her husband Peter , the prime suspect , initially denied the murder before giving a confession . He was sentenced to four years for manslaughter , obstructing a coroner , and perjury in his divorce proceedings . The body of Veronique Mireille Marre was eventually found in April 1984 . Her remains were found on a mountain at the bottom of a cliff , but no cause of death could be officially given .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2cfd68f76d3eeea4b2a371175a0ffdd0", "text": "Aegis the Union Aegis is a trade union representing workers in financial services in the United Kingdom . The union was founded in 1971 as the Scottish Equitable Staff Association , an internal staff association at Scottish Equitable . Scottish Equitable was renamed Aegon UK in 2010 , and the union changed its name to `` Aegis '' , affiliating to the Trades Union Congress in the same year . By 2012 , some Aegon staff had been outsourced , and the union began also recruiting those workers . This led it to pursue a strategy of gradual growth into other parts of the financial services industry . In 2014 , the unions SURGE and YISA merged into Aegis , expanding the operation of the union into Skipton Building Society and Yorkshire Building Society as well . The current General Secretary is Brian Linn .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d914f4a2558441f73612b140ac2c1f69", "text": "Ridgway Ridgway may refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c301c35684fff80de59762b5294ea5e", "text": "United Country Real Estate United Country Real Estate is a franchise-based real estate marketing company . The company provides leads , marketing programs , advanced training and technology solutions to affiliated realtors that pay a franchise fee . It operates more than 3,000 websites targeting local markets . The websites collectively obtain 2.9 million monthly unique visitors . The franchise system provides vast support in terms of marketing , technology and training . From a marketing standpoint , United Country publishes catalogs and listings , pays for advertising , develops marketing programs , creates brochures , postcards and email content , provides office space and computer systems and support . The company differentiates itself from other brokerages by offering comprehensive services , from advanced technology solutions to personal consultative services and innovative marketing solutions . The company also offers an in-house real estate advertising agency , Enhanced Marketing Solutions . History United Country Real Estate was founded in 1925 with a focus on farms and ranches in rural towns by Roscoe Chamberlain out of a Kansas City bank . It published the first rural properties catalog in 1928 , which was put on display at the Smithsonian in 1981 . Founded under the name United Farm Real Estate , it changed names to United National Real Estate to reflect its expansion into suburban neighborhoods in 1986 . The company was acquired by a management group in 1990 and changed its name again to United Country seven years later . United Country Real Estate had approximately 150 franchises by 1997 and 300 by 1999 . This grew to 700 franchise members by 2007 , when Dan Duffy and his investment partners acquired the company . In 2010 the organization raised $ 1 million in funding to expand its web presence for suburban areas with a local population of 50,000 or more . Two years later , United Real Estate was launched , which built `` United Lounges , '' which provide an office facility for affiliated realtors , in Houston , Chicago , Philadelphia and Washington . As of 2013 , it has 4,000 participating real-estate agents . In 2015 , the company partnered with McCarthy Capital Fund V to expand plans for growth . The growth capital enabled United Country Real Estate to expedite its business growth strategies with excess liquidity and a strong balance sheet . Existing management increased its ownership as part of the transaction and will remain in place without exception . Today , the company operates under the name United Country Real Estate and specializes in lifestyle , country and small town properties around the country and in Mexico and Central America . United Real Estate Group , operating the United Real Estate and United Country Real Estate brands , is the leading fully integrated network of conventional and auction real estate professionals globally . The two brands combined address the unique markets they serve , urban and rural , with exclusive marketing and technology solutions . United supports nearly 600 offices and 5,000 real estate professionals across four continents with a unique , comprehensive marketing program that includes one of the largest portfolios of real estate websites , the largest internal real estate marketing services company , an extensive buyer database and international advertising of properties .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "077e0b9ca4621e918ab58acb35966509", "text": "Birmingham Sound Reproducers Birmingham Sound Reproducers was a British manufacturer of record player turntables . Daniel McLean McDonald founded Birmingham Sound Reproducers as a private company in 1932 in the West Midlands of England , UK . By 1947 , the company chiefly manufactured communications sets ( intercoms ) , laboratory test equipment , and sound recording and reproducing instruments , including phonographs . In the early 1950s , Samuel Margolin began buying auto-changing turntables from BSR , using them as the basis of his Dansette record player . Over the next twenty years , Margolin manufactured more than a million of these players , and `` Dansette '' became a household word in Britain . In 1957 , BSR , also known by the name BSR McDonald , became a public company and , by 1961 , had grown to employ 2,600 workers . In addition to manufacturing their own brand of player -- the Monarch Automatic Record Changer that could select and play 7 '' , 10 '' and 12 '' records at 33 , 45 or 78 rpm , changing automatically between the various settings of disc sizes only , speeds were changed Manually -- BSR McDonald supplied turntables and autochangers to most of the world 's record player manufacturers , eventually gaining 87 % of the market . By 1977 , BSR 's various factories produced over 250,000 units a week . Changing times and technology hit BSR hard in the early 1980s . Although BSR McDonald produced tape recording decks in addition to their widely used turntables and changers , consumers had begun to expect portability from their music players , and BSR were not prepared to compete with eight-track and cassette tape players or later , the groundbreaking Walkman from Japan . In the first five years of the 1980s , once-mighty BSR closed factories and made thousands of workers redundant . During the 1980s BSR manufactured the Rotronics Wafadrive for the ZX Spectrum range of computers . After producing their last turntable in 1985 , BSR McDonald closed all divisions except for Astec Power Supply , as well as keeping investments in various entities , including dbx , X10 , BSR Housewares ( the latter sold to the French small electrical appliances and kitchen equipment manufacturer Moulinex ) . BSR then moved its head office to Hong Kong , as Astec ( BSR ) plc , and continued in Hong Kong until 1998 , when Astec ( BSR ) plc was 100 % acquired by Emerson Electric Company ( NYSE : EMR ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9deb6b2da59a86ba55c2ebdc6e08e6b2", "text": "Rogue trader A rogue trader is an employee authorized to make trades on behalf of their employer ( subject to certain conditions ) who makes unauthorized trades . It is most often applied to financial trading , when rogue professional traders make unapproved financial transactions . This activity is often in the grey area between civil and criminal transgression , because the perpetrator is a legitimate employee of a company or institution , yet enters into transactions on behalf of their employer without permission . In several cases traders have initially made very large profits for their employers , and bonuses for themselves , from trades in breach of the rules , and it has widely been said that employers turned a blind eye to transgressions due to the profits involved . One famous rogue trader is Nick Leeson , whose losses on unauthorized investments in index futures contracts were sufficient to bankrupt his employer Barings Bank in 1995 . Through a combination of poor judgement on his part , increasingly large initial profits , lack of oversight by management , a naïve regulatory environment , and an unforeseen outside event , the Kobe earthquake , Leeson incurred a US$ 1.3 billion loss that bankrupted the centuries-old financial institution . The key factor determining the use of the term is lack of authorisation . There have been colossal financial losses and bankruptcies from what are considered to be catastrophically bad decisions by senior decision-makers in financial institutions , such as the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers which necessitated the 2008 United Kingdom bank rescue package , but this is not described as rogue trading and is not punishable . In the UK the term is also used to describe dishonest tradesmen such as double-glazing salesmen , second-hand car dealers , gas fitters , mechanics , roofers , plumbers and domestic rubbish collectors . A BBC Television programme exposing such practices was called Watchdog , which was later followed by Rogue Traders .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "398bfda07eaaeb30ba653499ccc51259", "text": "Whitehead Mann Whitehead Mann , a London-based executive search firm which at one point listed on the London Stock Exchange , is a subsidiary of Korn/Ferry International . Mann Recruitment was founded by psychologist Anna Mann , who on marriage merged her firm with that of her husband Clive Whitehead ( Whitehead Engineering ) , to form Whitehead Mann in the 1970s . The firm listed on the AIM part of FTSE in 1997 . By 2003 the company had market capitalisation of # 33 million mainly through acquisition , with offices in London , Paris , Frankfurt , Hong Kong and New York ; together with training and advisory divisions . As part of the expansion , the firm acquired Leonard Hull , founded by former journalist Carol Leonard . During this period , the firm subsequently placed : Luc Vandevelde at Marks & Spencer ; Clara Furse at the London Stock Exchange ; Sir Christopher Bland at British Telecom ; Steve Russell at Boots ; Richard Lapthorne at Cable & Wireless ; John Devaney at Marconi ; Archie Norman at Energis ; Tony Ball at BSkyB . But during the dot.com boom its fortunes both climbed and fell , and after strategy disagreements with new CEO Gerard Clery-Melin , in 2003 Mann announced her decision to leave the firm , subsequently setting up MWM Consulting in 2004 . In 2006 , the company was subject of a # 26 million management buyout , financed by investor Palladian Investors , a division of Och-Ziff . After placing Sir Philip Hampton as chairman of Royal Bank of Scotland , the two government representatives at Lloyds Banking Group , Sir Nigel Rudd as chairman 's seat at Invensys and recruited Harvey McGrath as chairman of Prudential ; Carol Leonard took a six-month sabbatical as head of search , and then left the firm in February 2009 . In June 2009 , the company was acquired by Korn/Ferry .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56ef25c44f8faf1ce3d55a7b49956899", "text": "Kenilworth Trail The Kenilworth Trail is a paved bicycle trail in Minneapolis , Minnesota . It runs nearly 1.5 mi and acts as a connector between the Cedar Lake Trail in the north and the Midtown Greenway in the south . Like the Cedar Lake Trail , most of the route is composed of a triple-divided cycleway/pedway with a pair of one-way paths for bicycles and another path for pedestrians . According to the Minneapolis Bicyclist & Pedestrian Count Report from 2013 , 2100 bicyclists and 410 pedestrians are estimated to use the trail daily . On some maps , a southern segment of the Kenilworth Trail is called the Burnham Trail . At its northern end , it is easy for westbound Cedar Lake Trail users to accidentally get on the Kenilworth Trail , since continuing on the Cedar Lake trail requires taking a right turn at a `` T '' intersection just south of Interstate 394 . Cyclists who miss the turn find themselves on the Kenilworth instead . In the south , the Kenilworth Trail entrance is only 0.1 mi east of where the Midtown Greenway ends and the Southwest LRT Trail ( now known as the Cedar Lake LRT Regional Trail ) begins . The trail only crosses two roads at grade level , the quiet West 21st Street and the busy Cedar Lake Parkway . The trail runs adjacent to a freight railway line that was originally part of the Minneapolis and St. Louis Railway , but is now owned by the Hennepin County Regional Railroad Authority . The Twin Cities and Western Railroad currently operates freight trains on the rail line .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "13d1fa6e2cab280ddb11fb0eb63f589d", "text": "Keng Lim Keng-Siang `` Keng '' Lim ( born July 7 , 1965 ) is an Application Server and Information Security Pioneer , Board Member , and Advisor to technology companies . He is founder and chief executive of NextLabs , the leading provider of policy-driven information risk management software for large enterprises . Lim has built and sold numerous internet and software companies , including Sygate Technologies , Escalate , Kiva Software , and Approach Software . His companies reflect his experience and contributions in a range of technologies , including Web and SOA technologies , e-commerce , SaaS , and information security software . Lim received a Lifetime Achievement Award for his significant contributions to the advancement of technology at IDG 's Demo Fall 2009 , was selected as one of the `` 50 Smartest People '' by ZDNet in 2000 , and was honored with a Distinguished Alumni Award by Ohio Northern University 's T.J. Smull College of Engineering in 2013 . He holds over 40 approved and pending patents in internet - and information security-related areas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f85ab7f3d2a4a0a23fbd14331fb5cdd", "text": "The Quarto Group The Quarto Group is a global illustrated book publishing group founded in 1976 . It is domiciled in the US and listed on the London Stock Exchange . Their mission is to `` make and sell books that entertain , educate and enrich the lives of adults and children around the world . '' Quarto creates and owns proprietary content , publishing books from a diverse portfolio of imprints that are `` creatively independent '' and develops long-lasting content across specific niches of interest . Quarto sells books across 50 countries and in 39 languages through a variety of traditional and non-traditional channels . Quarto employs over 400 people in 11 offices in London , Brighton , Bristol , New York City , Minneapolis , Boston , Seattle , California , Hong Kong and Sydney . The group was established by co-founders Laurence Orbach and Robert Morley and was listed on the London Stock Exchange in 1986 . Laurence Orbach was Chairman and CEO until November 2012 , when he was replaced as Chairman by Tim Chadwick and Marcus Leaver as CEO .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd5304185e43975278a4ba17d6134fb4", "text": "GST Computer Systems GST was a group of computer companies based in Cambridge , England , founded by Dr Jeff Fenton in June 1979 . The company worked with Sinclair Research , Torch Computers , Acorn Computers , Monotype Corporation and Kwik-Fit , amongst others . The group included : GST Computer Systems : the original name of the company . GST Professional Services : a software consultancy that was sold and became OTIB A.T. GST Software Products : produced retail software , most notably Timeworks Publisher . GST Training Centre : a class based software training provider in Cambridgeshire , UK . Electric Software : a games software label , producing titles for home computers such as the Commodore 64 , Sinclair ZX Spectrum and MSX-compatible models in the early 1980s . GST Computer Systems started as a contract software development company . In 1983 , it became involved with Sinclair Research , producing the 68K/OS operating system ( later rejected by Sinclair ) and development software for the Sinclair QL . In 1985 it was approached by Atari to port products from the QL on to the just to be launched Atari ST. The word processing package 1st Word was bundled with every Atari ST for the first two years of its life and GST became the leading software supplier for the Atari ST platform . In 1987 GST developed its first desktop publishing application , Timeworks Publisher . This was sold in the USA by Timeworks , Inc. ( a Chicago based software publisher ) as Publish-It ! . This product went on to become the world-leading budget DTP product until competition from Microsoft Publisher in 1993 caused the eventual demise of Timeworks , Inc. . The product was sold under new names including NEBS PageMagic ( changed after objections from Adobe ) , Macmillan Publisher , Canon Publisher , and many other brands , distinguished by use of the . DTP file extension . The latest version was sold as Greenstreet Publisher 4 and is upwards file compatible with earlier versions . In 2001 GST merged with eGames Europe as a new company , Greenstreet Software . It remains a developer and publisher of computer software for Windows operating systems . In July 2008 the company was reconstructed and now trades as Greenstreet Online Limited .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cec379db3fcd487a46db804e09b4d4d0", "text": "Segway Inc. Segway Inc. of New Hampshire , USA , is the manufacturer of a two-wheeled , self-balancing electric vehicle , the Segway PT , invented by Dean Kamen . The name `` Segway '' is a homophone of `` segue '' ( a smooth transition , literally Italian for `` follows '' ) . Segways have had success in niche markets such as transportation for police departments , military bases , warehouses , corporate campuses and industrial sites . The legal roadworthiness of the Segway varies with different jurisdictions ' classification of the device as a motor vehicle .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df7a41dbbbd1af7b4f93d8c6ea717fcf", "text": "Attorney General for England and Wales Her Majesty 's Attorney General for England and Wales , usually known simply as the Attorney General , is one of the Law Officers of the Crown . Along with the subordinate Solicitor General for England and Wales , the Attorney General serves as the chief legal adviser of the Crown and its government in England and Wales . The current Attorney General is Jeremy Wright , MP . The position of Attorney General existed since at least 1243 , when records show a professional attorney was hired to represent the King 's interests in court . The position first took on a political role in 1461 when the holder of the office was summoned to the House of Lords to advise the government there on legal matters . In 1673 the Attorney General officially became the Crown 's adviser and representative in legal matters , although still specialising in litigation rather than advice . The beginning of the twentieth century saw a shift away from litigation and more towards legal advice . Today prosecutions are carried out by the Crown Prosecution Service and most legal advice to government departments is provided by the Government Legal Service , both under the supervision of the Attorney General . The job of the Attorney General is a demanding one , and Sir Patrick Hastings wrote while serving that `` to be a law officer is to be in hell '' . Duties include superintending the Crown Prosecution Service , the Serious Fraud Office , and other government lawyers with the authority to prosecute cases . Additionally , the Attorney General superintends the Government Legal Department ( formerly the Treasury Solicitor 's Department ) , HM Crown Prosecution Service Inspectorate , The Service Prosecuting Authority and the strategic body , the National Fraud Authority . The Attorney advises the government , individual government departments and individual government ministers on legal matters , answering questions in Parliament and bringing `` unduly lenient '' sentences and points of law to the Court of Appeal of England and Wales . Since the passing of the Law Officers Act 1997 duties can be delegated to the Solicitor General , and any actions are treated as if they came from the Attorney General .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca83c2d7b16cc8fb1b88a8d89aa09ef2", "text": "United Kingdom company law The United Kingdom company law regulates corporations formed under the Companies Act 2006 . Also governed by the Insolvency Act 1986 , the UK Corporate Governance Code , European Union Directives and court cases , the company is the primary legal vehicle to organise and run business . Tracing their modern history to the late Industrial Revolution , public companies now employ more people and generate more of wealth in the United Kingdom economy than any other form of organisation . The United Kingdom was the first country to draft modern corporation statutes , where through a simple registration procedure any investors could incorporate , limit liability to their commercial creditors in the event of business insolvency , and where management was delegated to a centralised board of directors . An influential model within Europe , the Commonwealth and as an international standard setter , UK law has always given people broad freedom to design the internal company rules , so long as the mandatory minimum rights of investors under its legislation are complied with . Company law , or corporate law , can be broken down into two main fields . Corporate governance in the UK mediates the rights and duties among shareholders , employees , creditors and directors . Since the board of directors habitually possesses the power to manage the business under a company constitution , a central theme is what mechanisms exist to ensure directors ' accountability . UK law is `` shareholder friendly '' in that shareholders , to the exclusion of employees , typically exercise sole voting rights in the general meeting . The general meeting holds a series of minimum rights to change the company constitution , issue resolutions and remove members of the board . In turn , directors owe a set of duties to their companies . Directors must carry out their responsibilities with competence , in good faith and undivided loyalty to the enterprise . If the mechanisms of voting do not prove enough , particularly for minority shareholders , directors ' duties and other member rights may be vindicated in court . Of central importance in public and listed companies is the securities market , typified by the London Stock Exchange . Through the Takeover Code the UK strongly protects the right of shareholders to be treated equally and freely trade their shares . Corporate finance concerns the two money raising options for limited companies . Equity finance involves the traditional method of issuing shares to build up a company 's capital . Shares can contain any rights the company and purchaser wish to contract for , but generally grant the right to participate in dividends after a company earns profits and the right to vote in company affairs . A purchaser of shares is helped to make an informed decision directly by prospectus requirements of full disclosure , and indirectly through restrictions on financial assistance by companies for purchase of their own shares . Debt finance means getting loans , usually for the price of a fixed annual interest repayment . Sophisticated lenders , such as banks typically contract for a security interest over the assets of a company , so that in the event of default on loan repayments they may seize the company 's property directly to satisfy debts . Creditors are also , to some extent , protected by courts ' power to set aside unfair transactions before a company goes under , or recoup money from negligent directors engaged in wrongful trading . If a company is unable to pay its debts as they fall due , UK insolvency law requires an administrator to attempt a rescue of the company ( if the company itself has the assets to pay for this ) . If rescue proves impossible , a company 's life ends when its assets are liquidated , distributed to creditors and the company is struck off the register . If a company becomes insolvent with no assets it can be wound up by a creditor , for a fee ( not that common ) , or more commonly by the tax creditor ( HMRC ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ff6186c88d45e5936d1d4aaa2124c0b", "text": "Kenilworth Public Schools The Kenilworth Public Schools is a comprehensive community public school district that serves students in pre-Kindergarten through twelfth grade from the borough of Kenilworth , in Union County , New Jersey , United States . As of the 2012-13 school year , the district 's two schools had an enrollment of 1,375 students and 110.0 classroom teachers ( on an FTE basis ) , for a student -- teacher ratio of 12.51:1 . The district participates in the Interdistrict Public School Choice Program at David Brearley High School , having been approved on November 2 , 1999 , as one of the first ten districts statewide to participate in the program . Seats in the program for non-resident students are specified by the district and are allocated by lottery , with tuition paid for participating students by the New Jersey Department of Education . Each school year , slots are made available by grade and a lottery is used to select attendees if there are more applicants than available slots . Prospective Choice participants must be residents of Union County eligible for placement in grades 7-10 who were enrolled in a public school during the full year prior to entry to the Kenilworth Public Schools . Students from Winfield Township attend David Brearley High School as part of a sending/receiving relationship with the Winfield Township School District . The district is classified by the New Jersey Department of Education as being in District Factor Group `` DE '' , the fifth-highest of eight groupings . District Factor Groups organize districts statewide to allow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of the local districts . From lowest socioeconomic status to highest , the categories are A , B , CD , DE , FG , GH , I and J.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f092b2aad1f7a129e84bd98cfe75440c", "text": "Intertek Consumer Goods and Retail Intertek Consumer Goods is a division of London-based Intertek , a company that provides quality and safety services to a wide range of industries . Intertek is a publicly traded company on the London Stock Exchange with more than 30,000 employees in 1,000 locations in over 100 countries . Intertek Consumer Goods works with global retailers and brands in the textile , toy , footwear , and hardlines sectors to evaluate and test their consumer products to meet regulatory , environmental and quality standards . Intertek Consumer Goods also provides services related to CPSIA testing , toy certification , textile auditing , restricted hazardous substances , corporate social responsibility , sustainability , and supply chain security .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "231af67c4083a66a503c787c049d1bf1", "text": "Kenilworth, Gauteng Kenilworth is a suburb of Johannesburg , South Africa . It is located in Region 9 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "4d40a9fdbc7fff2919dadff5093b594d", "text": "Leighton Meester Leighton Marissa Meester ( born April 9 , 1986 ) is an American actress , singer-songwriter and model . She is mostly known for her starring role as Blair Waldorf in the drama series Gossip Girl ( 2007 -- 2012 ) . She has also appeared in the films Killer Movie ( 2008 ) , Country Strong ( 2010 ) , The Roommate ( 2011 ) , Monte Carlo ( 2011 ) , The Oranges ( 2011 ) , and The Judge ( 2014 ) . Meester made her Broadway debut in Of Mice and Men ( 2014 ) . In addition to acting , Meester has also ventured into music . In 2009 , she featured on Cobra Starship 's `` Good Girls Go Bad '' which charted on the Billboard Hot 100 , and released her first single `` Somebody to Love '' under Universal Republic . Her second single `` Your Love 's a Drug '' was released in 2011 . Meester has also recorded songs for various soundtracks . Her debut album , Heartstrings , was independently released in 2014 . She has also modeled , having been the face of brands such as Jimmy Choo , Herbal Essences , and Vera Wang .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "2a7ce7d595a2bc5b0dd2b8bdb219c61d", "text": "Chris Taylor (footballer, born 1986) Christopher David Taylor ( born 20 December 1986 ) is an English professional footballer who plays for Bolton Wanderers . He primarily plays as a midfielder . Born in Oldham , he played for his hometown club Oldham Athletic on a professional level from 2005 until his departure in 2012 , after rejecting a new contract with the club .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e3b39e612dd90efcf21a3aa64f63739f", "text": "James Milner James Philip Milner ( born 4 January 1986 ) is an English professional footballer who plays for Premier League club Liverpool . A versatile player , he has been utilised in many different positions such as on the wing , in midfield and most recently at left-back . Milner 's talent in football , cricket , and long-distance running was recognised at a very young age . He represented his school in these sports and played football for amateur teams from Rawdon and Horsforth . He supported Leeds United from a young age and was a season ticket holder at the club . In 1996 , he joined the Leeds United youth academy . He made his debut for the first team in 2002 aged only 16 and gained prominence as the youngest player to score in the Premier League . While at Leeds United , he spent time on loan at Swindon Town to gain experience as a first-team player . Following his move to Newcastle United , he was loaned to Aston Villa for a season . He went on to make over 100 appearances for Newcastle , before returning to Aston Villa on a permanent transfer in 2008 . After playing an influential role in Aston Villa 's run to the 2010 League Cup Final and being named 2009 -- 10 PFA Young Player of the Year , Milner joined Manchester City for a reported # 26m transfer fee in 2010 , going on to win the 2011 -- 12 and 2013 -- 14 Premier League titles , 2010 -- 11 FA Cup and 2013 -- 14 League Cup . After five seasons with Manchester City , Milner signed for Liverpool on a free transfer in 2015 . Milner made a record 46 appearances for the England national under-21 football team , playing at the 2007 and 2009 UEFA European Under-21 Championships . He also played 61 appearances for the full English national team , scoring once against Moldova . He was selected for the 2010 and 2014 FIFA World Cup squads , as well as the 2012 and UEFA Euro 2016 UEFA Euro Championships . Milner retired from international football in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "02d198a25cd4e63ceddf4a1c7ee05340", "text": "Inika McPherson Inika McPherson ( born September 29 , 1986 in Port Arthur , Texas is an American track and field athlete specializing in the high jump . She was the 2013 and 2014 US Indoor champion . She also won the women 's high jump at the 2014 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships by clearing 2.00 for the first time , but was later disqualified for an anti-doping rule violation . McPherson is usually easy to spot , with tattoos and a variety of hairstyles , including mohawks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c7b422125dcf7dd9f4d60a69f176e7d8", "text": "Amber Le Bon Amber Rose Tamara Le Bon ( born 25 August 1989 ) is an English fashion model . The eldest of the three daughters of Duran Duran lead singer Simon Le Bon and model Yasmin Le Bon , she was born at the Humana Wellington Hospital in St. John 's Wood , London . She went to Newton Preparatory School in London in her early years before going to Heathfield School , Ascot , gaining A levels in Music , the History of Art and Photography . She also sings and plays the piano . She is best known for recently becoming the new face of the famous American department store Forever 21 . In July 2009 she was voted the ` World 's Hottest Celebrity Daughter ' by visitors to Zootoday.com . Brands she has modelled for to date include Moschino and River Island . She is currently the face of Myla swimwear and fronts a campaign for shampoo brand Pantene .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "abfdaf7b080bf63d530c96c216d81d96", "text": "Bree Condon Bree Condon ( born March 3 , 1986 ) is an American fashion model and actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0468498ffd2d33a86780bc3102aeff57", "text": "Candice Dianna Candice Dianna Skjonnemand ( born October 21 , 1986 in Gold Coast , Australia ) is an Australian born Singer-songwriter , actress , public figure and Producer . In February 2016 Candice Dianna ( the original artist stage name ) was awarded finalist in the Australian State Music songwriting competition for Queensland ( QMUSIC AWARDS ) for her title ` Mamma 's Coming Home ' which was released on her 2014 EP ` Becoming an Artist ' . In 2014 , she featured on Team Kylie ( Minogue ) ` The Voice ' Australia Season 3 . Her audition singing ` Turning Tables ' by Adele saw 3 chairs turn on the hit Channel 9 TV series ; Kylie Minogue , Will.I.Am and Ricky Martin winning her ' ... legions of fans . . ' . Placing in the top 36 before being sent home after the ` Showdowns ' with her performance of ` Unconditional ' by Katy Perry . In 2012 , Candice Dianna was crowned the National champion of Karaoke World Championships and went on to Place 2nd in the world in Imatra , Finland . Candice was also crowned the overall city champion of the largest State wide talent competition , ` The Eistedfods ' , in 2003 and her name was engraved in the Gold Coast hall of fame plaque wall at the Gold Coast Arts Centre . Also in 2003 , Candice Dianna was signed to ` Multiplay Music ' and ` Excalibur Productions ' for songwriting and publishing where she worked with Warner Studios Sweden 's `` Fredro and Matts B '' , Adrian Newman , and Hayden Bell ( Producer of Savage Garden , Human Nature , and many other Australian artists ) . Candice Dianna was also part of an electronic duo called ` Elektra Vine ' in 2011-2012 with Loic Mobbs ( a longtime friend and music producer/engineer ) . The two quickly received attention for their works and featured on Foxtel/Austar 's program ` Planet Unearthed ' . During her short time in the electronic duet , an award for Highly Commended was given to the song ` So far ' by QMUSIC Australia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e2f2fe1adea0e49dd30a09196fa86e77", "text": "7 Minutes 7 Minutes is a 2014 American crime thriller drama film , written and directed by Jay Martin . The film stars Luke Mitchell , Jason Ritter , Leven Rambin , Zane Holtz , Kevin Gage , Brandon Hardesty , Joel Murray and Kris Kristofferson , and follows three high school friends , who are forced to commit a brazen robbery which quickly goes horribly wrong . It received its world premiere on October 26 , 2014 at the Austin Film Festival , and then premiered at the Sarasota Film Festival on April 16 , 2015 . The film received a limited release and through video-on-demand on June 26 , 2015 by Starz Distribution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0eac8226fcd34f2ef02c2b7794fa339b", "text": "Jessica Stroup Jessica Leigh Stroup ( born October 23 , 1986 ) is an American actress , best known for her role as Erin Silver on 90210 , Max Hardy on The Following , and Joy Meachum in Iron Fist . She is regarded as a scream queen for starring in the horror films Prom Night , Vampire Bats , Left in Darkness , and The Hills Have Eyes 2 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ed95ac4ffd160ec54967cd3e5cc564c2", "text": "1986 Laurence Olivier Awards The 1986 Laurence Olivier Awards were held in 1986 in London celebrating excellence in West End theatre by the Society of London Theatre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c6dba7d7a97c778a12ea9a067c801dd", "text": "Wesley Taylor Wesley Taylor ( born August 13 , 1986 ) is an American stage actor and writer , probably best known for his work on Broadway , Television , and his original web content .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18b64eaa05b11f7b911e7ed7a675bf34", "text": "Another Step Another Step is the fifth studio album by British pop singer Kim Wilde , released in November 1986 . The album contained her comeback worldwide hit `` You Keep Me Hangin ' On '' , which reached No. 1 in the US , as well as the UK top 10 hit `` Another Step ( Closer to You ) '' and `` Say You Really Want Me '' . It was to be her biggest-selling album in the US . In Canada the album peaked at No. 11 , earning a gold disc there .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84583b1e9de53cee1a15e80c2ad04123", "text": "Dallas Buyers Club Dallas Buyers Club is a 2013 American biographical drama film , co-written by Craig Borten and Melisa Wallack , and directed by Jean-Marc Vallée . The film tells the story of Ron Woodroof , an AIDS patient diagnosed in the mid 1980s when HIV/AIDS treatments were under-researched , while the disease was not understood and highly stigmatized . As part of the experimental AIDS treatment movement , he smuggled unapproved pharmaceutical drugs into Texas for treating his symptoms , and distributed them to fellow people with AIDS by establishing the `` Dallas Buyers Club '' while facing opposition from the Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) . Two fictional supporting characters , Dr. Eve Saks ( Jennifer Garner ) , and Rayon ( Jared Leto ) , were composite roles created from the writer 's interviews with transgender AIDS patients , activists , and doctors . Screenwriter Borten interviewed Woodroof in 1992 and wrote the script , which he polished with writer Wallack in 2000 , and then sold to producer Robbie Brenner . Several other actors , directors , and producers who were attached at various times to the development of the film left the project . Universal Pictures also tried to make the film , but did not . A couple of screenwriters wrote drafts that were rejected . In 2009 , producer Brenner involved Matthew McConaughey , because of his Texas origins , the same as Woodroof 's . Brenner selected the first draft , written by Borten and Wallack , for the film , and then Vallée was set to direct the film . Principal photography began on November 11 , 2012 , in New Orleans , Louisiana , continuing for 25 days of filming , which also included shooting in Baton Rouge . Brenner and Rachel Winter co-produced the film . The official soundtrack album was featured by various artists , and was released digitally on October 29 , 2013 , by the Relativity Music Group . Dallas Buyers Club premiered at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival and was released theatrically in the United States on November 1 , 2013 , by Focus Features , strategically entering wide release on November 22 for award season . The film grossed over $ 27 million domestically and $ 27.9 million internationally , the box office revenue returned over $ 55 million against a budget of $ 5 million in 182-days of a theatrical run . It grossed over $ 4.5 million from DVD , and over $ 3 million from Blu-ray sales . The film received universal critical acclaim , resulting in numerous accolades . Most praised the performances of McConaughey and Leto , who received the Academy Award for Best Actor and for Best Supporting Actor , respectively , at the 86th Academy Awards , making this the first film since Mystic River ( 2003 ) , and only the fifth movie ever , to win both awards . The film also won the award for Best Makeup and Hairstyling , and garnered nominations for Best Picture , Best Original Screenplay , and Best Editing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "795cfbdfb7c67a804770ecd8c31516d1", "text": "Tom Champion Thomas ` Tom ' Matthew Champion ( born 15 May 1986 ) is an English professional footballer who plays for Barnet .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "10ba91cb2cc4d5ff53accbbd0030b216", "text": "Change Me (Justin Bieber song) `` Change Me '' is a song by Canadian recording artist Justin Bieber from his second compilation album Journals ( 2013 ) discussing his life after the world turned on him was released on December 2 , 2013 . The song is the ninth in Bieber 's series Music Mondays , the first eight being `` Heartbreaker '' ( October 7 , 2013 ) , `` All That Matters '' ( October 14 ) , `` Hold Tight '' ( October 21 ) , `` Recovery '' ( October 28 ) , `` Bad Day '' ( November 4 ) , `` All Bad '' ( November 11 ) , `` PYD '' ( November 18 ) and `` Roller Coaster '' ( November 25 ) . Bieber released a new single every week for 10 weeks from October 7 to December 9 , 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c7b136bccc7dd00ff157c24e460c96c", "text": "Ellie Kendrick Eleanor Lucy V. `` Ellie '' Kendrick ( born 6 June 1990 ) is an English actress best known for playing Anne Frank in the BBC 's 2009 miniseries The Diary of Anne Frank , Ivy Morris in the first series of the 2010 revived Upstairs Downstairs , and Meera Reed in the HBO series Game of Thrones .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6cf7b451de9a043eed0b565e5af99581", "text": "Thorne Holder Hasely Thorne Holder ( born April 4 , 1986 in Port of Spain ) is a Trinidadian footballer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8290f6b59a1f6419691c6bd4aec140ed", "text": "Michael Parr Michael Parr ( born 6 August 1986 ) is a British actor , known for playing the part of Ross Barton in the ITV soap opera Emmerdale .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55106951dbcc01509c25541bdd3ba1a3", "text": "Blake (band) Blake is a British vocal group . Blake comprises three men whose friendship and musical careers date back to their school days . After reuniting via Facebook as adults they had recorded their first album in six months . It went to No. 1 in the UK Classical Album Chart , selling over 100,000 copies in three weeks , earning the group a Gold Disc . The album received the Classical Brit Award for Album of the Year in 2008 . Their second album , And So It Goes , peaked at No. 12 in the UK pop charts and No. 1 in several classical charts around the world . During 2008 and 2009 the group undertook tours of Australia and Japan . 2009 continued with a tour , the creation of their new record label , Blake Records , and the release of their third album , Together . They finished 2009 with a 30-night tour in Scandinavia . In 2010 ` Beautiful Earth ' was selected by the World Wildlife Fund as its Earth Hour Anthem , and their album Together reached No. 1 in the Australian Classical Charts and No. 1 in the South African Classical Charts . Blake took their ` An Evening With Blake ' show to over 40 locations throughout the UK , performing to over 50,000 people . After being invited to Buckingham Palace twice during 2010 , Blake released ` All of Me ' in 2011 - written by Simon May . Blake had over 90 live concert appearances in 2011 . They had début tours of the Philippines and Russia and headlined the Henley Festival . They also performed for Prince Albert and Princess Charlene of Monaco . In 2012 the toured China and the USA for the first time and returned to the Philippines for 20 concerts there . In addition to long hours in the recording studio working on their fourth album , the group also found time for a performance at the Olympic Stadium in the run-up to the 2012 Games . In 2013 Blake launched their fourth album Start Over in the UK and the USA . The year also saw performances at Wembley Stadium for the Rugby League Cup final , the group 's first play-listed song on BBC Radio 2 ( ` So Happy ' ) , tours to Indonesia and Trinidad & Tobago plus the launchof their first Asia-only album . Towards the end of 2013 , the band launched two charity singles . ` You Raise Me Up ' was recorded with the soprano Camilla Kerslake and the ` Sing To Beat Breast Cancer Choir ' , made up entirely of women affected by the disease , and was released in October shortly before a 20 date UK tour where Camilla appeared as their guest artist . ` To The Sun ' was released in November and debuted live in Trafalgar square as the anthem for the launch of the Walking With The Wounded South Pole challenge in the presence of Prince Harry . Blake are also ambassadors for certain charities , which include , amongst others , Cancer Research , The War Widows Association , The World Wildlife Fund , Clic Sargent , The Prince 's Trust , Variety ( The Children 's Charity ) , MIND , Starlight , The Royal British Legion and Help for Heroes . The band continue to do much work for military charities , performing at the opening of the Bomber Command Memorial in London for the Queen and 5,000 veterans in the summer of 2012 . At the end of 2014 Blake released their fifth album In Harmony . In 2015 Blake have been back on tour throughout the UK , played at the famous Holders Festival in Barbados . After funding their first independent album on Pledge , Blake teamed up with Dame Shirley Bassey for a version of The Christmas Song ( Chestnuts Roasting on an Open Fire ) which will appear on their first ever Christmas album . Dame Shirley explains how the collaboration came about : `` Blake sang Moon River at my 70th birthday party , and then we met again at the reception of -LSB- the charity -RSB- Variety 's 70th anniversary six months ago . Ollie mentioned singing a Christmas song together , and I said I 've never done a Christmas song before ! ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b410297b3ca01cb002f5bf837db601d", "text": "Me Me Me (band) Me Me Me were a short-lived English Britpop supergroup formed in 1996 , consisting of Alex James of Blur ( vocals , bass ) , Stephen Duffy ( vocals , guitar ) previously of Duran Duran/The Lilac Time and Justin Welch of Elastica ( drums ) , and James ' friend Charlie Bloor ( credited as `` musician '' ) . The band 's first , and only single , `` Hanging Around '' was released on 5 August 1996 and reached Number 19 on the UK Singles Chart . `` Hanging Around '' was released on 7-inch single ( DUFF005 ) and cassette ( DUFF005C ) , also featuring `` Hollywood Wives '' , and on CD-single with a third track , `` Tabitha 's Island '' ( DUFF005CD ) . There were also promotional versions released in July 1996 on 12-inch single ( DOLE041 ) and CD-single ( DOLE044 ) . The tracks were originally recorded as a soundtrack for Damien Hirst 's film Hanging Around , first shown at the Spellbound Exhibition , which took place at London 's Hayward Gallery in March 1996 . The lead track was produced by the band . The other tracks were produced by Stephen Street .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ac1d47a1f4142515e61bfc5fd6aae65", "text": "Eric Bellinger Eric Bellinger , Jr. ( born March 28 , 1986 ) is an American singer , songwriter , record producer and engineer . His co-writing credits include Lem me See ft. Rick Ross ( 2012 ) for Usher , New Flame for Chris Brown ( 2014 ) , You Do n't Know ( 2016 ) for Tank , Right Here ( 2012 ) ft. Drake for Justin Bieber , and Disrespectful ft. Mila J ( 2012 ) for Trey Songz . He 's released 9 projects since 2013 , including Born II Sing Vol . 1 , Born II Sing Vol . 2 , Born II Sing Vol . 3 , The Rebirth , Cuffing Season , Cuffing Season Part 2 , Eventually , Eric B for President : Term 1 , and Eric B for President : Term 1 ( Acoustic ) .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "586542283d1d29ddbaa4dc75747ce1b6", "text": "Carol Leifer Carol Leifer ( -LSB- ˈliːfər -RSB- ; born July 27 , 1956 ) is a four-time Emmy Award-nominated American comedian , writer , producer and actress whose career as a stand-up comedian started in the 1970s when she was in college . David Letterman discovered her performing in a comedy club in the 1980s and she has since been a guest on Late Night with David Letterman over twenty-five times as well as numerous other shows and venues . She has written many television scripts including for The Larry Sanders Show , Saturday Night Live and most notably , Seinfeld . Leifer 's inner-monologue driven , observational style is often autobiographical encompassing subjects about her Jewish ancestry and upbringing , coming out , same-sex marriage , relationships ( having been married previously to a man and now partnered with a woman ) and parenting .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "99bcb94e91fb33a337d016fc086282cb", "text": "1956 in China Events in the year 1956 in China . The country had an estimated population of 620 million people .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d18e4476e128316d285ce377c1b85e5a", "text": "Karl M. Baer Karl M. Baer ( 20 May 1885 -- 26 June 1956 ) was a German-Israeli author , social worker , reformer , suffragette and Zionist . Born female and named Martha Baer he became , in December 1906 , one of the first people to undergo sex-change surgery , and one of the first , in January 1907 , to gain full legal recognition of his gender identity and to have a new birth certificate issued reflecting his new gender . Baer wrote notes for sexologist Magnus Hirschfeld on his experiences growing up as a girl while feeling inside that he was male . Together they developed these notes into the semi-fictional , semi-autobiographical Aus eines Mannes Mädchenjahren ( Man 's Years as a Young Girl ) ( 1907 ) which was published under the pseudonym N.O. Body . Baer also gained the right to marry and did so in October 1907 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f4c91fe198fadf431191dbe63f4fd648", "text": "Carol Christensen Carol Christensen ( September 14 , 1937 -- June 4 , 2005 ) was an American actress and former model . Born in Detroit , Michigan , she appeared in several films and television shows between 1960 and 1963 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d9bd6674ff070d11b1012fe9b0d6104d", "text": "1956 Major League Baseball season The 1956 Major League Baseball season was contested from April to October 1956 , featuring eight teams in the National League and eight teams in the American League . The 1956 World Series was a rematch of the previous year 's series between the New York Yankees and the Brooklyn Dodgers . The series is notable for Yankees pitcher Don Larsen 's perfect game in Game 5 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e9e9fd63108789ae1821919748d7291f", "text": "Libby Titus Elizabeth `` Libby '' Titus ( nee Jurist ; born July 6 , 1947 ) is an American singer , songwriter , actor , and concert producer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e2d4d2fc6c30c96f4ef44b2e70179642", "text": "Mittwoch aus Licht ( Wednesday from Light ) is an opera by Karlheinz Stockhausen in a greeting , four scenes , and a farewell . It was the sixth of seven to be composed for the opera cycle ( Light : The Seven Days of the Week ) , and the last to be staged . It was written between 1995 and 1997 , and first staged in 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cac2d2a77e984df010b80be9c718b70b", "text": "Charles J. Leidig Vice Admiral Charles Joe Leidig ( born c. 1956 ) , USN was the Deputy to the Commander for Military Operations , U.S. Africa Command from August 2010 till his retirement in June 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c3abee7a0c477eac934ada7f5c6e33fb", "text": "Carola Häggkvist Carola Maria Häggkvist ( -LSB- ka ² ɾoːla ² hɛɡkvɪst -RSB- ; born 8 September 1966 ) , better known as simply Carola , is a Swedish singer and occasional songwriter . She has been among Sweden 's most popular performers since the early 1980s , and has released albums ranging from pop and disco to hymns and folk music . Her debut album , Främling ( Stranger ) , sold around one million copies and remains the biggest-selling album in Swedish music history . She has also worked as a songwriter . During her 30-year-long career , she has recorded many top-selling albums and singles and is referred to as Sweden 's most prominent female singer . Some of her biggest hits are `` Främling '' from 1983 , `` Tommy tycker om mig '' ( Tommy likes me ) from 1984 , `` Fångad av en stormvind '' ( Captured by a Lovestorm ) from 1991 , `` All the Reasons to Live '' from 1992 , `` I Believe in Love '' from 2001 , `` Genom allt '' ( Through it all ) from 2005 and `` Evighet '' ( Eternity ) from 2006 . Häggkvist has represented Sweden at the Eurovision Song Contest on three occasions : in 1983 , finishing third ; in 1991 , winning the contest ; and in 2006 , finishing fifth , which gives her one of the best track records in Eurovision history . Carola has released records in various languages : Swedish , Dutch , German , English , Norwegian and Japanese .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "44008e3f0b33efb91a85fb1c860b81c7", "text": "Celtic Woman: A Celtic Family Christmas Celtic Woman : A Celtic Family Christmas is a collaborative album by the group Celtic Woman and The High Kings , released on October 14 , 2008 . Performers in A Celtic Family Christmas are vocalists Chloë Agnew , Lisa Kelly , Órla Fallon , Méav Ní Mhaolchatha , and fiddler Máiréad Nesbitt . It is the second Christmas-themed album to be released by the group , with all newly recorded songs . This album 's version of `` Carol of the Bells '' features the main vocalists , unlike the original release in Celtic Woman : A Christmas Celebration , where only Máiréad Nesbitt performed . The DVD release of A Christmas Celebration shows the only recorded performances of the songs in this album , except for the last three tracks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f19d75a75de13e8dda7176c2e28b0e6", "text": "Laurie Lea Schaefer Laurel Lea Schaefer ( born May 21,1949 in Bexley , Ohio , U.S. ) was Miss America 1972 . A native of Bexley , Ohio , Schaefer received a Bachelor of Fine Arts Degree from Ohio University in June 1971 . Three months later she won the Miss America Pageant . After Miss America , Laurel effectively parlayed her theatre arts and music degree into an extensive and varied entertainment career . Her training afforded her opportunities as a leading lady to notables such as : Howard Keel , John Davidson , Peter Marshall , Ed Ames , Joe Namath , Giorgio Tozzi , and Gorden MacRae . This reflect such productions as ; `` The Music Man '' , `` The Sound of Music '' , `` Camelot '' , `` South Pacific '' , `` Showboat '' , `` My Fair Lady '' , `` Oklahoma '' , `` Hello Dolly '' , `` Carousel '' , `` The King and I '' , `` Guys and Dolls '' , `` Anything Goes '' , `` Under the Yum-Yum Tree '' , `` Star-Spangled Girl '' , and `` Plaza Suite '' . Laurel 's television work includes a recurring role on `` Falcon Crest '' and guest starring roles on `` Matlock '' , `` L.A. Law '' , `` Quantum Leap '' , `` Love Boat '' , `` Three 's Company '' , `` Rockford Files '' . She is often recognized for her work in TV commercials and for a short time , she represented Campbell 's soup . Laurel 's vocal career saw her performing the National Anthem at the Inaugural Concert for President Richard M. Nixon , headlining the Miss America USO Tour to Viet Nam and Thailand , entertaining on cruises with a one-woman show and touring `` Capturing the Heart of Gershwin '' Anniversary Concert where she received critical acclaim for vocal solos ranging from swing to blues to light opera . For twenty-five years Laurel has worked as a commercial casting director and is owner of Creative Casting Services and is also a well-respected nationwide talent scout . In 1974 Laurel established Schaefer Consultants where she serves as a personal imaging and entertainment career consultant . Laurel is a published author and is highly sought after as a keynote speaker , corporate spokesperson , and infomercial host and media presenter . Miss Schaefer is the recipient of many awards including The American Academy of Achievement - Gold Plate Award , Outstanding Alumni Award ( Ohio University ) , Tom Dooley Humanitarian Award , New Jersey and Ohio `` Woman of the Year '' Award , Ohio Governor 's Award , Bexley Alumni Association-Significant Achievement Award , President 's Award for Leadership from Zonta International and a listing in Who 's Who .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab50ffc3e7aeaebdb2be4e425a034516", "text": "Carol Morris Carol Ann Laverne Morris ( born April 8 , 1936 in Omaha , Nebraska ) is an American actress , model and beauty queen who was the second Miss USA to win the Miss Universe title in the pageant 's fifth edition in 1956 . She was crowned by Hillevi Rombin , Miss Universe 1955 , of Sweden .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "92bc3607699096d746dd3d4628612691", "text": "Carol Wincenc Carol Wincenc ( pronounced win-sense ) ( born June 29 , 1949 ) is an American flutist based in New York City . She is known for her solo and chamber music performances and her support of new music for flute . She is on the faculty of the Juilliard School and Stony Brook University .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "83aa28a460114de0e6863bb79e916efe", "text": "Achim Leistner Achim Leistner is an Australian optician of German origin . He is the master optician of the Avogadro project , an international effort to define the Avogadro constant with maximum precision . He was asked to join the project from retirement as it was deemed that his expertise and craftsmanship were essential for the success of the project . Leistner has made his career in the precision crafting of specialized optics . The Avogadro project needed a silicon sphere made to as high a precision as possible . The research team searched the world for manufacturing options and found Leistner 's precision in handcrafting spheres superior to any machine . In addition to precision instruments , Leistner uses his hands to feel for irregularities in the roundness of the sphere . The research team has called his extraordinary sense of touch `` atomic feeling '' . Leistner is in his seventies and has not found an apprentice who can match his precision . Once he retires from the project , the Avogadro team hopes that machines will have advanced sufficiently to match Leistner 's capabilities . Leistner holds certificates in precision optics , geometrical optics , optical design drawing , and mathematics from Optic Carl Zeiss Jena Technical College . He has served as a member of the Australian Optical Society and on international conference working committees for SPIE and the Optical Society of America .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b21196b7658f409825d6bbe500f3d3fd", "text": "Gustav Hofer Gustav Hofer ( Sarntal , 9 May 1976 ) is an Italian film director , screenwriter , journalist and TV host .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09bf1d05c2e6dbce08032589715f316d", "text": "Carol Yager Carol Ann Yager ( January 26 , 1960 -- July 18 , 1994 ) was one of the most severely obese people in history , and the heaviest woman ever recorded .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "401e997037b48600e21cbd8768951950", "text": "Carol Roberts Carol Antonia Roberts ( born June 22 , 1936 ) is a Florida politician of the Democratic Party . She is best known for her part in the 2000 Florida election recount , where she served on the Palm Beach County canvassing board . In 2002 , she ran unsuccessfully for Florida 's 22nd congressional district seat in the U.S. House of Representatives against Republican incumbent E. Clay Shaw , Jr. , finishing with 38 percent of the vote . She previously served as mayor and city commissioner of West Palm Beach , and as a county commissioner of Palm Beach County , Florida . She is married to Dr. Hyman J. Roberts , by whom she has six children . For two years ( 1986 -- 88 ) she was National President of ACTS , a private foundation assisting communities to Self Help . She served as ACTS ' representative for famine relief in East Africa . Carol and Hyman Roberts have been benefactors to several universities , museums , art galleries and charities . She has volunteered her time on the board of directors for numerous non-profit , educational and civil rights organizations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "869668e2900995d63f7ef5670a667303", "text": "The Diahann Carroll Show The Diahann Carroll Show is a series of four musical variety television specials , starring Diahann Carroll , that aired on CBS in 1976 . The show was a summer replacement for The Carol Burnett Show . The series ' four episodes were taped over a period of five days . Guests on the premiere episode included Telly Savalas and Sammy Davis , Jr ( with whom Carroll sang a medley of songs from Porgy and Bess ) . Other guests during the brief season included composer Marvin Hamlisch , Betty White , Phyllis Diller and Johnny Mathis . Carroll 's costumes were designed by Bob Mackie . Reviews were generally positive where Carroll 's performance was concerned , but the limited production values ( due to the show 's small budget ) and scripting were less well received . At the time , Carroll told Jet magazine that `` Considering the facts that we filmed four one-hour shows in only five days , I must say that I am very proud of what we have ... . It was hard work , but I would n't have missed the experience for the world and I hope that television audiences will feel as good about the shows as we do . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "17c6c5d2b3c9f1f1ecef9c058c387377", "text": "Cornelia Kallisch Cornelia Kallisch ( born 1956 ) is a German operatic mezzo-soprano who made an international career . She has participated in premieres of operas and in concert , and in award-winning recordings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "500673abc86c9c514312c703d3a7afe8", "text": "Liz O'Donnell Liz O'Donnell ( born 1 July 1956 ) is a former Irish Progressive Democrats politician , who represented Dublin South as a Teachta Dála ( TD ) from 1992 to 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "20bd641097dd0eafd8d6ddc21b7f40e5", "text": "Stöckheim-Leiferde Stöckheim-Leiferde is a Stadtbezirk ( city district ) in the southern part of Braunschweig ( Brunswick ) , Germany . The population of 8,139 ( 2005 ) lives mostly in single-family homes . The Stadtbezirk comprises the quarters Stöckheim , Leiferde and Friedrichshöhe .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b55a1e72018470e0012fd6fc61492920", "text": "William Shakespeare William Shakespeare ( -LSB- ˈʃeɪkspɪə -RSB- 26 April 1564 ( baptised ) -- 23 April 1616 ) was an English : poet , : playwright , and actor , widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world 's pre-eminent dramatist . He is often called England 's national poet , and the `` Bard of Avon '' . His extant works , including collaborations , consist of approximately 38 plays , 154 sonnets , two long narrative poems , and a few other verses , some of uncertain authorship . His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright . Shakespeare was born and brought up in Stratford-upon-Avon , Warwickshire . At the age of 18 , he married Anne Hathaway , with whom he had three children : Susanna , and twins Hamnet and Judith . Sometime between 1585 and 1592 , he began a successful career in London as an actor , writer , and part-owner of a playing company called the Lord Chamberlain 's Men , later known as the King 's Men . He appears to have retired to Stratford around 1613 , at age 49 , where he died three years later . Few records of Shakespeare 's private life survive , which has stimulated considerable speculation about such matters as his physical appearance , sexuality , and religious beliefs and whether the works attributed to him were written by others . Shakespeare produced most of his known work between 1589 and 1613 . His early plays were primarily comedies and histories , which are regarded as some of the best work ever produced in these genres . He then wrote mainly tragedies until about 1608 , including Hamlet , Othello , King Lear , and Macbeth , considered some of the finest works in the English language . In his last phase , he wrote tragicomedies , also known as romances , and collaborated with other playwrights . Many of his plays were published in editions of varying quality and accuracy during his lifetime . In 1623 , however , John Heminges and Henry Condell , two friends and fellow actors of Shakespeare , published a more definitive text known as the First Folio , a posthumous collected edition of his dramatic works that included all but two of the plays now recognised as Shakespeare 's . It was prefaced with a poem by Ben Jonson , in which Shakespeare is hailed , presciently , as `` not of an age , but for all time '' . In the 20th and 21st centuries , his works have been repeatedly adapted and rediscovered by new movements in scholarship and performance . His plays remain highly popular and are constantly studied , performed , and reinterpreted in diverse cultural and political contexts throughout the world .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "62f19d7df3776bb898f548abbb8c05ed", "text": "Shakespeare's plays The plays written by English poet , playwright , and actor William Shakespeare ( 1564 -- 1616 ) have the reputation of being among the greatest in the English language and in Western literature . Traditionally , the plays are divided into the genres of tragedy , history , and comedy ; they have been translated into every major living language , in addition to being continually performed all around the world . Many of his plays appeared in print as a series of quartos , but approximately half of them remained unpublished until 1623 , when the posthumous First Folio was published . The traditional division of his plays into tragedies , comedies and histories follows the categories used in the First Folio . However , modern criticism has labelled some of these plays `` problem plays '' that elude easy categorisation , or perhaps purposely break generic conventions , and has introduced the term romances for what scholars believe to be his later comedies . When Shakespeare first arrived in London in the late 1570s or early 1580s , dramatists writing for London 's new commercial playhouses ( such as The Curtain ) were combining two different strands of dramatic tradition into a new and distinctively Elizabethan synthesis . Previously , the most common forms of popular English theatre were the Tudor morality plays . These plays , celebrating piety generally , use personified moral attributes to urge or instruct the protagonist to choose the virtuous life over Evil . The characters and plot situations are largely symbolic rather than realistic . As a child , Shakespeare would likely have seen this type of play ( along with , perhaps , mystery plays and miracle plays ) . The other strand of dramatic tradition was classical aesthetic theory . This theory was derived ultimately from Aristotle ; in Renaissance England , however , the theory was better known through its Roman interpreters and practitioners . At the universities , plays were staged in a more academic form as Roman closet dramas . These plays , usually performed in Latin , adhered to classical ideas of unity and decorum , but they were also more static , valuing lengthy speeches over physical action . Shakespeare would have learned this theory at grammar school , where Plautus and especially Terence were key parts of the curriculum and were taught in editions with lengthy theoretical introductions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "290d5e2162464890df53a34249090bd1", "text": "William Shakespeare's collaborations Like most playwrights of his period , William Shakespeare did not always write alone . A number of his surviving plays are collaborative , or were revised by others after their original composition , although the exact number is open to debate . Some of the following attributions , such as The Two Noble Kinsmen , have well-attested contemporary documentation ; others , such as Titus Andronicus , are dependent on linguistic analysis by modern scholars ; recent work on computer analysis of textual style ( word use , word and phrase patterns ) has given reason to believe that parts of some of the plays ascribed to Shakespeare are actually by other writers . In some cases the identity of the collaborator is known ; in other cases there is a scholarly consensus ; in others it is unknown or disputed . These debates are the province of Shakespeare attribution studies . Most collaborations occurred at the very beginning and the very end of Shakespeare 's career .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "ce3ed9579010234c436c20ae7d253f27", "text": "Troilus and Cressida Troilus and Cressida ( -LSB- ˈtrɔɪləs_ən_ˈkrɛsᵻdə -RSB- ) is a tragedy by William Shakespeare , believed to have been written in 1602 . It was described by Frederick S. Boas as one of Shakespeare 's problem plays . The play ends on a very bleak note with the death of the noble Trojan Hector and destruction of the love between Troilus and Cressida . The work has in recent years `` stimulated exceptionally lively critical debate '' . Throughout the play , the tone lurches wildly between bawdy comedy and tragic gloom , and readers and theatre-goers have frequently found it difficult to understand how one is meant to respond to the characters . However , several characteristic elements of the play ( the most notable being its constant questioning of intrinsic values such as hierarchy , honour and love ) have often been viewed as distinctly `` modern , '' as in the following remarks on the play by author and literary scholar Joyce Carol Oates : Troilus and Cressida , that most vexing and ambiguous of Shakespeare 's plays , strikes the modern reader as a contemporary document -- its investigation of numerous infidelities , its criticism of tragic pretensions , above all , its implicit debate between what is essential in human life and what is only existential are themes of the twentieth century . ... This is tragedy of a special sort -- the `` tragedy '' the basis of which is the impossibility of conventional tragedy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e30377a59905c07535604649bdcf0846", "text": "Costard Costard is a comic figure in the play Love 's Labour 's Lost by William Shakespeare . A country bumpkin , he is arrested in the first scene for flouting the king 's proclamation that all men of the court avoid the company of women for three years . While in custody , the men of the court use him to further their own romantic endeavors . By sending love notes to the wrong women and blurting out secrets ( including that of an unplanned pregnancy ) , Costard makes fools of the royal court . Along with Moth the page and Jaquenetta , a country wench , Costard pokes fun at the upper-class . While mocking a pedantic schoolmaster , Costard uses the word honorificabilitudinitatibus , the longest word by far from any of Shakespeare 's works . Costard makes many clever puns , and is used as a tool by Shakespeare to explain new words such as remuneration . He is sometimes considered one of the smartest characters in the play due to his wit and wordplay . Costard 's name is an archaic term for apple , or metaphorically a man 's head . Shakespeare uses the word in this sense in Richard III .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e5719fd94f29e011edd3081ae557f6e", "text": "The Taming of the Shrew The Taming of the Shrew is a comedy by William Shakespeare , believed to have been written between 1590 and 1592 . The play begins with a framing device , often referred to as the induction , in which a mischievous nobleman tricks a drunken tinker named Christopher Sly into believing he is actually a nobleman himself . The nobleman then has the play performed for Sly 's diversion . The main plot depicts the courtship of Petruchio and Katherina , the headstrong , obdurate shrew . Initially , Katherina is an unwilling participant in the relationship ; however , Petruchio `` tames '' her with various psychological torments , such as keeping her from eating and drinking , until she becomes a desirable , compliant , and obedient bride . The subplot features a competition between the suitors of Katherina 's younger sister , Bianca , who is seen as the `` ideal '' woman . The question of whether the play is misogynistic or not has become the subject of considerable controversy , particularly among modern scholars , audiences , and readers . The Taming of the Shrew has been adapted numerous times for stage , screen , opera , ballet , and musical theatre ; perhaps the most famous adaptations being Cole Porter 's Kiss Me , Kate and the 1967 film of the play , starring Elizabeth Taylor and Richard Burton . The 1999 high school comedy film 10 Things I Hate About You is also loosely based on the play .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "905a2d9db5a9f3820ba0271ad135e4d3", "text": "Themes in Titus Andronicus Although traditionally Titus Andronicus has been seen as one of Shakespeare 's least respected plays , its fortunes have changed somewhat in the latter half of the twentieth century , with numerous scholars arguing that the play is more accomplished than has hitherto been allowed for . In particular , scholars have argued that the play is far more thematically complex than has traditionally been thought , and features profound insights into Ancient Rome , Elizabethan society , and the human condition . Such scholars tend to argue that these previously unacknowledged insights have only become apparent during the twentieth and twenty-first centuries as only now has the ultraviolent content of the play achieved a sense of relevance . For example , in his 1987 edition of the play for the Contemporary Shakespeare series , A.L. Rowse writes ; `` in the civilised Victorian age the play could not be performed because it could not be believed . Such is the horror of our own age , with the appalling barbarities of prison camps and resistance movements paralleling the torture and mutilation and feeding on human flesh of the play , that it has ceased to be improbable . '' Similarly , director Julie Taymor , who staged a production Off-Broadway in 1994 and directed a film version in 1999 , says she was drawn to the play because she found it to be the most `` relevant of Shakespeare 's plays for the modern era ; '' She feels that the play has more relevance for us than it had for the Victorians ; `` it seems like a play written for today , it reeks of now . '' Because of this new found relevance , previously unrecognised thematic strands have thus come to the forefront . This article presents an overview of four of the most prominent themes in the play .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c115d1e20639a90106753faf8877d97", "text": "Latin poetry The history of Latin poetry can be understood as the adaptation of Greek models . The verse comedies of Plautus are considered the earliest surviving examples of Latin literature and are estimated to have been composed around 205-184 BC . The start of Latin literature is conventionally dated to the first performance of a play in verse by a Greek slave , Livius Andronicus , at Rome in 240 BC . Livius translated Greek New Comedy for Roman audiences , using meters that were basically those of Greek drama , modified to the needs of Latin . His successors Plautus and Terence further refined the borrowings from the Greek stage and the prosody of their verse is substantially the same as for classical Latin verse . The traditional meter of Greek epic , the dactylic hexameter , was introduced into Latin literature by Ennius ( 239-169 BC ) , virtually a contemporary of Livius , who substituted it for the jerky Saturnian meter in which Livius had been composing epic verses . Ennius moulded a poetic diction and style suited to the imported hexameter , providing a model for ` classical ' poets such as Virgil and Ovid . The late republic saw the emergence of Neoteric Poets , notably Catullusrich young men from the Italian provinces , conscious of metropolitan sophistication , and looking to the scholarly Alexandrian poet Callimachus for inspiration . Catullus shared the Alexandrian 's preference for short poems and wrote within a variety of meters borrowed from Greece , including Aeolian forms such as hendecasyllabic verse , the Sapphic stanza and Greater Asclepiad , as well as iambic verses such as the choliamb and the iambic tetrameter catalectic ( a dialogue meter borrowed from Old Comedy ) . Horace , whose career crossed the divide between republic and empire , followed Catullus ' lead in employing Greek lyrical forms , identifying with Alcaeus of Mytilene , composing Alcaic stanzas , and also with Archilochus , composing poetic invectives in the Iambus tradition ( in which he adopted the metrical form of the Epode or ` Iambic Distich ' ) . Horace was a contemporary of Virgil and , like the epic poet , he wrote verses in dactylic hexameter , but in a conversational and epistolary style . Virgil 's hexameters are generally regarded as `` the supreme metrical system of Latin literature . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f2fcc8b202de7b3df3e1d67a2ff2e06", "text": "Stratford Shakespeare Festival production history This page describes the production history of the Stratford Shakespeare Festival . The Stratford Shakespeare Festival ( formerly known as the Stratford Shakespearean Festival and the Stratford Festival of Canada ) is a summer-long celebration of theatre held each year in Stratford , Ontario . Theatre-goers , actors , and playwrights flock to Stratford to take part -- many of the greatest Canadian , American and British actors have played roles at Stratford . It was one of the first and is still one of the most prominent arts festivals in Canada . The Festival 's primary mandate is to present productions of Shakespeare 's plays , but it also produces a wide variety of theatre from Greek tragedy to Broadway musicals to contemporary works . By 2017 , only three of the 14 productions were based on Shakespeare 's works . The following is a chronological list of the productions that have been staged as part of the Stratford Festival since its inception . On February 17 , 2015 , AP News reported that the Stratford Shakespeare Festival plans to film all of Shakespeare 's plays .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d9afd5875a6f0be7e19da9edcae7b44a", "text": "Dido and Aeneas Dido and Aeneas ( Z. 626 ) is an opera in a prologue and three acts , written by the English Baroque composer Henry Purcell with a libretto by Nahum Tate . The dates of the composition and first performance of the opera are uncertain . It was composed no later than July 1688 , and had been performed at Josias Priest 's girls ' school in London by the end of 1689 . Some scholars argue for a date of composition as early as 1683 . The story is based on Book IV of Virgil 's Aeneid . It recounts the love of Dido , Queen of Carthage , for the Trojan hero Aeneas , and her despair when he abandons her . A monumental work in Baroque opera , Dido and Aeneas is remembered as one of Purcell 's foremost theatrical works . It was also Purcell 's only true opera , as well as his only all-sung dramatic work . One of the earliest known English operas , it owes much to John Blow 's Venus and Adonis , both in structure and in overall effect . The influence of Cavalli 's opera Didone is also apparent .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa643cbc5903ce20e90f52d7b779245e", "text": "Essay of Dramatick Poesie Essay of Dramatic Poesy by John Dryden was published in 1668 . It was probably written during the plague year of 1666 . Dryden takes up the subject that Philip Sidney had set forth in his Defence of Poesie ( 1580 ) and attempts to justify drama as a legitimate form of `` poetry '' comparable to the epic , as well as defend English drama against that of the ancients and the French . The treatise is a dialogue between four speakers : Eugenius , Crites , Lisideius , and Neander . The four speakers represented , respectively Charles Sackville ( Lord Buchhurst and later sixth Earl of Dorset ) , Sir Robert Howard -LSB- playwright and Dryden 's brother-in-law -RSB- , Sir Charles Sedley ( Edward Malone identified him as Lisideius ) and Dryden himself ( neander means `` new man '' and implies that Dryden , as a respected member of the gentry class , is entitled to join in this dialogue on an equal footing with the three older men who are his social superiors ) . On the day that the English fleet encounters the Dutch at sea near the mouth of the Thames , the four friends take a barge downriver towards the noise from the battle . Rightly concluding , as the noise subsides , that the English have triumphed , they order the bargeman to row them back upriver as they begin a dialogue on the advances made by modern civilization . They agree to measure progress by comparing ancient arts with modern , focusing specifically on the art of drama ( or `` dramatic poesy '' ) . The four men debate a series of three topics : ( 1 ) the relative merit of classical drama ( upheld by Crites ) vs. modern drama ( championed by Eugenius ) ; ( 2 ) whether French drama , as Lisideius maintains , is better than English drama ( supported by Neander , who famously calls Shakespeare `` the greatest soul , ancient or modern '' ) ; and ( 3 ) whether plays in rhyme are an improvement upon blank verse drama -- a proposition that Neander , despite having defended the Elizabethans , now advances against the skeptical Crites ( who also switches from his original position and defends the blank verse tradition of Elizabethan drama ) . Invoking the so-called unities from Aristotle 's Poetics ( as interpreted by Italian and refined by French scholars over the last century ) , the four speakers discuss what makes a play `` a just and lively imitation '' of human nature in action . This definition of a play , supplied by Lisideius/Orrery ( whose rhymed plays had dazzled the court and were a model for the new drama ) , gives the debaters a versatile and richly ambiguous touchstone . To Crites ' argument that the plots of classical drama are more `` just , '' Eugenius can retort that modern plots are more `` lively '' thanks to their variety . Lisideius shows that the French plots carefully preserve Aristotle 's unities of action , place , and time ; Neander replies that English dramatists like Ben Jonson also kept the unities when they wanted to , but that they preferred to develop character and motive . Even Neander 's final argument with Crites over whether rhyme is suitable in drama depends on Aristotle 's Poetics : Neander says that Aristotle demands a verbally artful ( `` lively '' ) imitation of nature , while Crites thinks that dramatic imitation ceases to be `` just '' when it departs from ordinary speech -- i.e. prose or blank verse . A year later , the two brothers-in-law quarreled publicly over this third topic . See Dryden 's `` Defense of An Essay of Dramatic Poesy '' ( 1669 ) , where Dryden tries to persuade the rather literal-minded Howard that audiences expect a play to be an imitation of nature , not a surrogate for nature itself .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "feecfa2cc60a6b8d24bd0c0b29dc73e3", "text": "Shakespeare Theatre Shakespeare Theatre could refer to : American Shakespeare Center , Staunton Virginia American Shakespeare Theatre , Stratford , Connecticut Royal Shakespeare Theatre , Stratford-upon-Avon Shakespeare Theatre Company of Washington , D.C. Shakespeare Theatre of New Jersey Shakespeare 's original Globe Theatre Its modern reconstruction , Shakespeare 's Globe Theatre Elizabethan theatre in general", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a1778978d0e59d0861a058544e016100", "text": "Shakespeare's editors Shakespeare 's editors were essential in the development of the modern practice of producing printed books and the evolution of textual criticism . The 17th-century folio collections of the plays of William Shakespeare did not have editors in the modern sense of the term . In the best understanding of contemporary consensus scholarship , the plays to be included in the First Folio ( 1623 ) were gathered together or `` compiled '' by John Heminges and Henry Condell , two long-time colleagues of Shakespeare in the King 's Men . The play manuscripts may have been proofread and prepared for printing by Edward Knight , the `` book-keeper '' or prompter of the company . The task of proofreading and correcting the actual printed pages of the Folio was left to the compositors and printers in the print-shop , yielding the uneven and often defective text that is the First Folio . Even less is known about the creation of the Second ( 1632 ) , Third ( 1663 -- 64 ) , and Fourth Folios ( 1685 ) than about the First ; see Folios and Quartos ( Shakespeare ) . In the 18th century , however , interested individuals made the first concerted efforts to bring order to the tangle of textual difficulties that the Folios of the previous century presented . The list below gives the date of each edition of Shakespeare 's plays , the editor , the format of the collection , and pertinent specific information . 1709 , Nicholas Rowe ; octavo , 6 volumes . Rowe was the first person to attempt a clean and fully comprehensible text of the plays ; but he depended upon a copy of the Fourth Folio and made generally conjectural emendations . He also added full stage directions ( he was a playwright himself ) and full lists of Dramatis personae , and wrote the first biographical sketch of the poet . 1725 , Alexander Pope ; quarto , 6 volumes . Pope was the first to attempt a collation of the quarto texts of the plays , yet he produced what was basically a reprint of Rowe that added little of value . 1733 , Lewis Theobald ; octavo , 7 volumes . Theobald has been called `` the first Shakespeare scholar '' ; he carried forward the task of collating the quartos , and began the study of Shakespeare 's sources and the order of the plays ' composition . ( See Chronology of Shakespeare 's plays . ) 1744 , Thomas Hanmer ; quarto , 6 volumes . Hanmer relied on Theobald 's text , and made guesswork corrections . His edition was reprinted in 1770 . 1747 , William Warburton ; octavo , 8 volumes . Warburton built upon Pope 's edition ; indeed , Warburton placed Pope 's name before his own on the title pages of his edition . In his preface , Warburton wrote that his friend Pope `` was desirous I should give a new Edition of this Poet , as he thought it might contribute to put a stop to a prevailing folly of altering the Text of celebrated Authors without Talents or Judgment . And he was willing that his Edition should be melted down into mine , as it would , he said , afford him ( so great is the modesty of an ingenuous temper ) a fit opportunity of confessing his Mistakes . '' The phrase `` without Talents or Judgment '' refers to Theobold and Hanmer . However , Warburton did allow , rather begrudgingly , some corrections put forward by Theobold and Hanmer : `` For the rest , all the Corrections which these two Editors have made on any reasonable Foundation , are here admitted into the Text ; and carefully assigned to their respective Authors . A piece of Justice which the Oxford Editor never did ; and which the Other was not always scrupulous in observing towards me . '' In 1748 Thomas Edwards published his Supplement to Warburton 's Edition of Shakespeare , in later editions called The Canons of Criticism -- a satirical but spot-on analysis of Warburton 's editorial emendations , some of which are truly silly . Samuel Johnson had this to say : `` Soon after Edwards 's Canons of Criticism came out , Johnson was dining at Tonson the Bookseller 's , with Hayman the Painter and some more company . Hayman related to Sir Joshua Reynolds , that the conversation having turned upon Edwards 's book , the gentlemen praised it much , and Johnson allowed its merit . But when they went farther , and appeared to put that authour upon a level with Warburton , `` Nay , ( said Johnson , ) he has given him some smart hits to be sure ; but there is no proportion between the two men ; they must not be named together . A fly , Sir , may sting a stately horse and make him wince ; but one is but an insect , and the other is a horse still . '' 1765 , Samuel Johnson , The Plays of William Shakespeare ; octavo , 8 volumes . Johnson in turn relied upon Warburton ; his edition is noteworthy mainly for its famous Preface . 1768 , Edward Capell ; octavo , 10 volumes . Appalled by the undisciplined emendations of Hanmer and Warburton , Capell spent three decades collecting and collating the quartos . He was also the first to exploit the Stationers ' Register and Francis Meres 's Palladis Tamia , and to explore Shakespeare 's use of Raphael Holinshed 's Chronicles and Sir Thomas North 's translation of Plutarch 's Parallel Lives . 1773 , George Steevens ; octavo , 10 volumes . Steevens employed Johnson 's text , but continued Capell 's trend of adding new material . Steevens revised and re-issued his edition in 1778 ; in 1780 Edmond Malone added another 2 volumes that contained Shakespeare 's non-dramatic poems and other material . Isaac Reed revised the Steevens edition again in 1785 , and Steevens himself produced one final , 15-volume revision in 1793 . 1790 , Edmond Malone ; octavo , 10 volumes . Malone , often considered the best of the century 's editors of Shakespeare , wrote the first general consideration of English Renaissance theatre , utilizing resources like the records of the Master of the Revels and Edward Alleyn 's papers at Dulwich College . He is also noted for his work on the problem of chronology . The early 19th century saw the first Variorum editions of Shakespeare 's works , editions that collated and synthesized the efforts of the editors of the previous century : 1803 , the First Variorum edition , edited by Isaac Reed ; 21 volumes . 1813 , the Second Variorum , a reprint of the First ; 21 volumes . 1821 , the Third Variorum , edited by James Boswell ; 21 volumes . These massive editions laid the foundation for modern textual scholarship on Shakespeare 's works , and by extension on works of literature in general . In the 19th century the text , drawn primarily from Malone and Steevens , was `` monumentalized '' in the Cambridge edition ( 1863-6 ) and its single-volume companion , the Globe edition ( 1864 ) . It was followed by the New Cambridge edition in 1921 , and all modern standard editions inherit primarily from this edition . As for the personalities involved : some of these men were friends , like Steevens , Reed , and Malone ; acquaintances called them the Shakespeare Gang . Others nourished spirits of competitiveness and resentment . Pope made Theobald the first hero of The Dunciad . Warburton belittled Rowe 's `` Account of the Life '' of Shakespeare -- but he reprinted it in his own edition , without change or improvement . Despite his friendship with Malone and Reed , Steevens was famous for his irascibility ; in notes to his 1793 edition of Shakespeare , he concocted obscene interpretations of some passages and attributed those readings to people he did n't like . The next major edition , the Cambridge Shakespeare ( 1863 -- 66 ) , moved away from the practice of a single editor following his own sometimes capricious instincts and judgments . The first volume of the Cambridge Shakespeare was edited by William George Clark and John Glover , and the subsequent eight volumes by Clark and William Aldis Wright . Clark and Wright also produced the single-volume Globe Shakespeare ( 1864 ) using their Cambridge texts ; together , these became the standard for the remainder of the century . The most radical edition in the twentieth century was the Oxford Shakespeare , prepared under the general editorship of Stanley Wells and Gary Taylor . It aims to present the texts as they were originally performed , which results in numerous controversial choices , including presenting multiple texts of King Lear , a text of Hamlet in which the scenes presumably cut by Shakespeare are relegated to an appendix , and an emphasis on the collaborative nature of several of the plays .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b1120501b341327bca0857c699f5e1a", "text": "The History of King Lear The History of King Lear is an adaptation by Nahum Tate of William Shakespeare 's King Lear . It first appeared in 1681 , some seventy-five years after Shakespeare 's version , and is believed to have replaced Shakespeare 's version on the English stage in whole or in part until 1838 . Unlike Shakespeare 's tragedy , Tate 's play has a happy ending , with Lear regaining his throne , Cordelia marrying Edgar , and Edgar joyfully declaring that `` truth and virtue shall at last succeed . '' Regarded as a tragicomedy , the play has five acts , as does Shakespeare 's , although the number of scenes is different , and the text is about eight hundred lines shorter than Shakespeare 's . Many of Shakespeare 's original lines are retained , or modified only slightly , but a significant portion of the text is entirely new , and much is omitted . The character of the Fool , for example , is absent . Although many critics -- including Joseph Addison , August Wilhelm Schlegel , Charles Lamb , William Hazlitt , and Anna Jameson -- condemned Tate 's adaptation for what they saw as its cheap sentimentality , it was popular with theatregoers , and was approved by Samuel Johnson , who regarded Cordelia 's death in Shakespeare 's play as unbearable . Shakespeare 's version continued to appear in printed editions of his works , but , according to numerous scholars , including A.C. Bradley and Stanley Wells , did not appear on the English stage for over a hundred and fifty years from the date of the first performance of Tate 's play . Actors such as Thomas Betterton , David Garrick , and John Philip Kemble , who were famous for the role of Lear , were portraying Tate 's Lear , not Shakespeare 's . The tragic ending was briefly restored by Edmund Kean in 1823 . In 1838 , William Charles Macready purged the text entirely of Tate , in favour of a shortened version of Shakespeare 's original . Finally , Samuel Phelps returned to the complete Shakespeare text in 1845 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c4231fa9846e54af5255be5a269e090", "text": "Pembroke's Men The Earl of Pembroke 's Men was an Elizabethan era playing company , or troupe of actors , in English Renaissance theatre . They functioned under the patronage of Henry Herbert , 2nd Earl of Pembroke . Early and equivocal mentions of a Pembroke 's company reach as far back as 1575 ; but the company is known for certain to have been in existence in 1592 . In that year , a share in the company was valued at # 80 ( more than William Shakespeare would pay for New Place in Stratford-upon-Avon five years later ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87344d0c18a98eb692a1dc15f57b74fc", "text": "Royal Shakespeare Company The Royal Shakespeare Company ( RSC ) is a major British theatre company , based in Stratford-upon-Avon , Warwickshire , England . The company employs over 1000 staff and produces around 20 productions a year . The RSC plays regularly in London , Newcastle upon Tyne and on tour across the UK and internationally . The company 's home is in Stratford-upon-Avon , where it has recently redeveloped its Royal Shakespeare and Swan theatres as part of a # 112.8-million `` Transformation '' project . The theatres re-opened in November 2010 , having closed in 2007 . The new buildings attracted 18,000 visitors within the first week and received a positive media response both upon opening , and following the first full Shakespeare performances . Performances in Stratford-upon-Avon continued throughout the Transformation project at the temporary Courtyard Theatre . As well as the plays of Shakespeare and his contemporaries , the RSC produces new work from living artists and develops creative links with theatre-makers from around the world , as well as working with teachers to inspire a lifelong love of William Shakespeare in young people and running events for everyone to explore and participate in its work . The RSC celebrated its fiftieth birthday season from April -- December 2011 , with two companies of actors presenting the first productions designed specifically for the new Royal Shakespeare and Swan Theatre stages . The 2011-season began with performances of Macbeth and a re-imagined lost play The History of Cardenio . The fiftieth birthday season also featured The Merchant of Venice with Sir Patrick Stewart and revivals of some of the RSC 's greatest plays , including a new staging of Marat/Sade . For the London 2012 Festival as part of the Cultural Olympiad , the RSC produced the World Shakespeare Festival , featuring artists from across the world performing in venues around the UK . In 2013 the company began live screenings of its Shakespeare productions -- called Live from Stratford-upon-Avon -- which are screened around the world . In 2016 , the company collaborated with Intel and The Imaginarium Studios to stage The Tempest , bringing performance capture to the Royal Shakespeare Theatre for the very first time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6c6b75d232d605a21d273483bbab25a", "text": "Timeline of Shakespeare criticism Timeline of Shakespeare criticism is an informal term that presents a chronological collection of critical quotations about William Shakespeare and his works , which illustrate the article Shakespeare 's reputation . Shakespeare enjoyed recognition in his own time , but in the 17th century , poets and authors began to consider him as the supreme dramatist and poet of all times of the English language . In fact , even today , no other dramatist has been performed even remotely as often on the British ( and later the world ) stage as Shakespeare Since then , several editors and critics of theater began to focus on the dramatic text and the language of Shakespeare , creating a study that focused on extracting all the power of his literary texts , being used in studies on the printed page rather than in the theater . This attitude reached a high point with the Romantics , which saw his figure as a genius , prophet , and Bard -- and continued important in the last century , receiving analysis not only by poets and authors , but also by psychoanalysts , psychologists and philosophers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b11235cce795e029d9f2e96941b7ebdd", "text": "The Jew (play) The Jew is a comedy written by playwright Richard Cumberland and first presented at the Drury Lane Theatre in London in May 1794 . The play is notable as the first play in the English theatre to portray a Jewish moneylender as the hero of a stage production . An adaptation of the original play along with a facsimile copy of The Jew was published in 2012 as Sheva , the Benevolent . The anti-Jewish tradition on the English stage dates back at least to the expulsion of the Jews from England in 1290 and is exemplified by the characters of Shylock in William Shakespeare 's The Merchant of Venice and Barabas in Christopher Marlowe 's The Jew of Malta . In a series of articles called Observer , first published in 1785 , Cumberland created a character named Abraham Abrahams who would later serve as a template for Sheva , the title character in The Jew . In one instalment of Observer , Abrahams is quoted as saying , `` I verily believe the odious character of Shylock has brought little less persecution upon us , poor scattered sons of Abraham , than the Inquisition itself . '' A decade later , in writing The Jew , Cumberland sought to create a positive image of a Jewish man that would counteract centuries of anti-Semitic portraits . The tremendous success of the initial production prompted Cumberland to later write , `` The benevolence of the audience assisted me in rescuing a forlorn and persecuted character , which till then had only been brought upon the stage for the unmanly purpose of being made a spectacle of contempt , and a butt for ridicule . In the success of this comedy I felt of course a greater gratification , than I had ever felt upon a like occasion . '' Shortly after its London premiere , the play began to be performed in the United States , first in Boston , Philadelphia , and New York City and , later , in Richmond , Charleston , and many other cities and towns . The play was also translated into numerous languages including German , French , Hebrew , Yiddish , and Russian . The last known New York production under its original title was presented at the Bronx Free Synagogue in 1919 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cfe71699d18776178f3fd95debf5796c", "text": "Lysander (A Midsummer Night's Dream) Lysander is a fictional character in William Shakespeare 's play A Midsummer Night 's Dream . A handsome young man of Athens , Lysander is in love with Egeus 's daughter Hermia . Unfortunately , Egeus does not approve of Lysander and would prefer his daughter to marry a man called Demetrius . Meanwhile , Hermia 's friend Helena has fallen in love with Demetrius . When Hermia is forced to choose between dying , never seeing a man again or marrying Demetrius , she and Lysander run away into the forest . They face different problems in the forest between love . After Lysander is put under Puck 's spell , being mistaken for Demetrius he falls in love with Helena . After lots of fighting the spell is reversed and Lysander marries Hermia and they live very happy lives together . He comes across as a very deep and passionate lover in the play . He is a strong character and does get confused , but this is purposely achieved as Puck applies a potion which makes his relationship with Hermia fade until he removes it and they marry and live happily ever after . He has often been compared to the character of Romeo in Romeo and Juliet . Shakespeare wrote the play around the same time he was writing A Midsummer Night 's Dream and some scholars have come to the conclusion that the two characters in the different plays are rather similar . Both are passionate lovers who would do anything for those they love .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7af77b7e6c4d952eb18e58021ef1cc16", "text": "Henry VI, Part 1 Henry VI , Part 1 , often referred to as 1 Henry VI , is a history play by William Shakespeare , and possibly Christopher Marlowe and/or Thomas Nashe , believed to have been written in 1591 , and set during the lifetime of King Henry VI of England . Whereas Henry VI , Part 2 deals with the King 's inability to quell the bickering of his nobles , and the inevitability of armed conflict , and Henry VI , Part 3 deals with the horrors of that conflict , Henry VI , Part 1 deals with the loss of England 's French territories and the political machinations leading up to the Wars of the Roses , as the English political system is torn apart by personal squabbles and petty jealousy . Although the Henry VI trilogy may not have been written in chronological order , the three plays are often grouped together with Richard III to form a tetralogy covering the entire Wars of the Roses saga , from the death of Henry V in 1422 to the rise to power of Henry VII in 1485 . It was the success of this sequence of plays that firmly established Shakespeare 's reputation as a playwright . Some regard Henry VI , Part 1 as the weakest of Shakespeare 's plays and , along with Titus Andronicus , it is generally considered one of the strongest candidates for evidence that Shakespeare collaborated with other dramatists early in his career .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65cd15b4e460035cda71682c3f60b774", "text": "The London Prodigal The London Prodigal is a play in English Renaissance theatre , a city comedy set in London , in which a prodigal son learns the error of his ways . The play was published in quarto in 1605 by the stationer Nathaniel Butter , and printed by Thomas Creede . In 1664 it was one of the seven plays that publisher Philip Chetwinde added to the second impression of his Third Folio of Shakespeare 's plays . The play was not entered into the Stationers ' Register , but it is attributed to William Shakespeare on the title page of the first ( and only ) edition . This attribution is widely and generally rejected by scholars . The title page also identifies the play as a King 's Men 's play . ( One critic has observed that it is questionable to reject the former assertion while accepting the latter . ) The London Prodigal has been dated as early as c. 1591 , and as late as 1603 -- 4 . It is one of a long series of `` prodigal son '' plays that reach back as far as the Bible for inspiration and precedent ; but it is also an example of the evolving Elizabethian genre of domestic dramas , and `` one of the first naturalistic dramas in English '' . Individual scholars have attributed the play to Ben Jonson , Thomas Dekker , John Marston , and Michael Drayton ; others have suggested Thomas Heywood and George Wilkins . None of these attributions , however , has been accepted by a significant proportion of the critical community .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "16848118b0b8f91ed57bff1cf3e13fcb", "text": "Gerald Eades Bentley Gerald Eades Bentley ( September 15 , 1901 -- July 25 , 1994 ) was an American academic and literary scholar , best remembered for his seven-volume work , The Jacobean and Caroline Stage , published by Oxford University Press between 1941 and 1968 . That work , modeled on Edmund Kerchever Chambers ' classic four-volume The Elizabethan Stage , has itself become a standard and essential reference work on English Renaissance theatre . Bentley was born in Brazil , Indiana , the son of a Methodist clergyman . Originally intending to be a creative writer , he changed his career to literary scholarship during his graduate studies . He earned his B.A. at DePauw University ( 1923 ) , his M.A. in English at the University of Illinois ( 1926 ) , and his Ph.D. at the University of London ( 1929 ) , studying under Allardyce Nicoll . Bentley taught at the University of Chicago from 1929 to 1945 before accepting a position as Murray Professor of English at Princeton University in 1945 , where he served until his retirement in 1970 . He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1975 . In addition to his Jacobean and Caroline Stage , Bentley wrote a wide range of works on Shakespeare and other figures of the English Renaissance . His essay `` Shakespeare and the Blackfriars Theatre , '' originally published in the inaugural issue of the Shakespeare Survey in 1948 , has been widely reprinted . Bentley edited several works for modern editions , including Othello , and The Alchemist . In his obituary , the New York Times noted that he raised a literary stir in 1956 when he edited and wrote the preface to a hitherto unknown 1577 text called The Arte of Angling in which he noted several passages that reminded him of Isaac Walton 's later The Compleat Angler . The Times quotes D. E. Rhodes , a British authority on fishing literature , who defended Walton , saying , `` It seems to me unjust to accuse Izaak Walton of plagiarism , because plagiarism did not exist in the 17th century . All authors of that and earlier ages read what they liked and used what they liked of it without acknowledgment . '' Bentley was married first to Esther Felt , a significant colleague in his scholarly work , from 1927 until her death in 1961 . In 1965 , he married Ellen Voigt Stern , who died in 1990 . Bentley 's son and namesake from his first marriage , Gerald Eades Bentley Jr. , became a noted literary scholar in his own right , specializing in the career and works of William Blake . He spent most of his career at the University of Toronto .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af44d9d03900c3e5c205859884dd8e5f", "text": "A Trick to Catch the Old One A Trick to Catch the Old One is a Jacobean comedy written by Thomas Middleton , first published in 1608 . The play is a satire in the subgenre of city comedy . The play was entered into the Stationers ' Register on 7 October 1607 by the printer George Eld , and published by him in quarto in the following year , 1608 . The title page of Q1 states that A Trick was acted by the Children of Paul 's , one of the companies of boy actors popular at the time . The play was probably written and first acted ca. 1605 . The play was popular ; a second quarto was issued in the same year , printed by Eld for the bookseller Henry Rocket . The title page of Q2 attributes the play to `` T. M. '' and states that A Trick was acted by both the Children of Paul 's and the Children of the Chapel ( then called the Children of the Blackfriars ) , the other major troupe of boy actors of the era . ( The Children of Paul 's had stopped performing plays around 1606 , and the Children of the Chapel/Blackfriars may have acquired the play from their defunct competitors . ) Q2 also states that the play had been acted at Court before King James I the previous `` New Year 's night . '' A third edition followed in 1616 , printed by Eld for the stationer Thomas Langley ; the title page assigns the authorship to `` T. Middleton . '' Two decades after its authorship , Philip Massinger used A Trick to Catch the Old One as a model for his most popular play , A New Way to Pay Old Debts , premiered in 1626 and published in 1633 . Massinger 's version of the plot would go on to become one of the most successful plays in English-language theatre .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "fa8e5140398b3cf4b209dc98a05aa152", "text": "Grand Theft Auto V Grand Theft Auto V is an action-adventure video game developed by Rockstar North and published by Rockstar Games . It was released on 17 September 2013 for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 , on 18 November 2014 for the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One , and on 14 April 2015 for Microsoft Windows . It is the first main entry in the Grand Theft Auto series since 2008 's Grand Theft Auto IV . Set within the fictional state of San Andreas , based on Southern California , the single-player story follows three criminals and their efforts to commit heists while under pressure from a government agency . The open world design lets players freely roam San Andreas ' open countryside and the fictional city of Los Santos , based on Los Angeles . The game is played from either a first-person or third-person view and its world is navigated on foot or by vehicle . Players control the three lead protagonists throughout single-player and switch between them both during and outside of missions . The story is centred on the heist sequences , and many missions involve shooting and driving gameplay . A `` wanted '' system governs the aggression of law enforcement response to players who commit crimes . Grand Theft Auto Online , the online multiplayer mode , lets up to 30 players explore the open world and engage in cooperative or competitive game matches . Development began soon after Grand Theft Auto IV 's release and was shared between many of Rockstar 's studios worldwide . The development team drew influence from many of their previous projects such as Red Dead Redemption and Max Payne 3 , and designed the game around three lead protagonists to innovate on the core structure of its predecessors . Much of the development work constituted the open world 's creation , and several team members conducted field research around California to capture footage for the design team . The game 's soundtrack features an original score composed by a team of producers who collaborated over several years . Extensively marketed and widely anticipated , the game broke industry sales records and became the fastest-selling entertainment product in history , earning US $ 800 million in its first day and US $ 1 billion in its first three days . It received widespread critical acclaim , with praise directed at its multiple protagonist design , open world , presentation and gameplay . However , it caused controversies related to its depiction of women and a mission featuring torture during a hostage interrogation . Considered one of seventh generation console gaming 's most significant titles and among the best games ever made , it won year-end accolades including Game of the Year awards from several gaming publications . It has shipped over 80 million copies and is one of the best-selling video games of all time .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "49afb540872f3da5a6c3961db60ea57b", "text": "GT Advance Championship Racing GT Advance Championship Racing ( known as Advance GTA in Japan ) is a racing game developed by MTO and published by THQ . It was a launch title for the Game Boy Advance , and was released in Japan on March 21 , 2001 , in North America on June 11 , 2001 , and in Europe on June 22 , 2001 . The game 's sequel , GT Advance 2 : Rally Racing , was released on June 30 , 2002 in North America . GT Advance features forty-five Japanese cars and places the player in races on thirty-two tracks . Due to positive reaction to the game in Japan , THQ purchased publishing rights for the North American and European releases to the game after a reported bidding war , and added in a controversial password save system into the game to cut costs . The game was received with mostly positive reviews from critics that praised the game for its fun gameplay , but THQ was criticized by most reviewers for adding passwords to the game when the Japanese version had battery-backed saves .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d8232f793b6fdb59e88584ae35dd407", "text": "Respawn Entertainment Respawn Entertainment , LLC is an American video game development studio founded by Jason West and Vince Zampella , who created and were responsible for the development of the Call of Duty franchise at Infinity Ward before 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ba9c6fe983b5913ac0da8f702046ce4", "text": "Game Developers Choice Award for Game of the Year The Game Developers Choice Award for the Game of the Year , also known as GDCA Game of the Year is the main video game award presented at the Game Developers Conference ( GDC ) , the largest annual gathering of professional video game developers . The conference , usually held in or around March in San Francisco , presents the award as part of the Game Developers Choice Awards ( GDCA ) , a series of awards honoring outstanding achievements in video game design for games released during the previous calendar year . Established in 2001 , the award is considered the most prestigious peer-awarded accolade in the digital games industry , as the winners are selected by votes of game developers themselves . As of the 16th conference held in March 2016 , only three studios -- all of them American -- have won the award more than once : Valve Corporation , for Half-Life 2 ( 2004 ) and Portal ( 2007 ) Bethesda Game Studios , for Fallout 3 ( 2008 ) and The Elder Scrolls V : Skyrim ( 2011 ) Naughty Dog , for Uncharted 2 : Among Thieves ( 2009 ) and The Last of Us ( 2013 ) Developers with three or more nominations in the category include Nintendo EAD ( 6 ) , BioWare ( 5 ) , Bethesda Game Studios ( 4 ) , Rockstar North ( 4 ) , Ubisoft Montreal ( 4 ) , FromSoftware ( 3 ) , Lionhead Studios ( 3 ) , and Valve Corporation ( 3 ) . As for video game publishers , the most successful to date is Sony Computer Entertainment with 9 nominations and 4 wins , followed by Nintendo ( 8 nominations and 1 win ) , Electronic Arts ( 7 nominations and 1 win ) and Rockstar Games ( 6 nominations and 1 win ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a6ffbcf6d85e17149884918ff17b424", "text": "The 3DO Company The 3DO Company ( formerly THDO on the NASDAQ stock exchange ) , also known as 3DO , was an American video game company . It was founded in 1991 by Electronic Arts founder Trip Hawkins , in a partnership with seven companies including LG , Matsushita ( now Panasonic ) , AT&T Corporation , MCA , Time Warner , and Electronic Arts itself . After 3DO 's flagship video game console , the 3DO Interactive Multiplayer , failed in the marketplace , the company exited the hardware business and became a third-party video game developer . It went bankrupt in 2003 due to poor sales of its games . Its headquarters were in Redwood City , California in the San Francisco Bay Area .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4c3db0a131196abe24903e8d6c9a803e", "text": "Nerve Software Nerve Software , LLC is an American video game developer that was co-founded by ex-id Software employee Brandon James . Many of the original employees at Nerve were previously employed by Rogue Entertainment , another U.S. based software company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "651849f103a73b62b8ce5c1b1dfffe87", "text": "Red Annihilation Red Annihilation was a Quake competitive eSport event held in May 1997 that was one of the first nationwide video game competition held in the United States . In the final match of the tournament , Dennis `` Thresh '' Fong defeated Tom `` Entropy '' Kimzey of Impulse 9 on the map Castle of the Damned . For winning the event , Fong was awarded John D. Carmack 's 1987 Ferrari 328 GTS cabriolet as the grand prize . The tournament was created first as Kings of Capture Quake Tournament started by Michael `` Hawthorne '' Shearon , after contacting Intergraph for possible sponsorship the tournament was folded into what became Red Annihilation . The tournament was then developed and organized by Rob Esterling , executive director overseeing Intergraph Computer Systems 's commercial and consumer graphics group , and his Intergraph team including Jim Terzian , the tournament 's director and Victor Johnson , the team 's Art Director . In 1996 , Microsoft 's DirectX group hosted game competitions , first at the Computer Game Developers Conference , then as a separate event , selecting the players and flying them in to compete . These Microsoft-hosted competitions might be seen as the first nationwide video game competitions held in the United States , as players came from throughout the country . When a further Microsoft DirectX-organized event , intended to be held at Naval Air Station Alameda , was cancelled , Intergraph announced it would host a tournament that would be an open , national computer game competition and chose Quake as the game to be played . Intergraph brought in Quake developer id Software , 3D computer graphics chipset maker Rendition , and online gaming company Mpath Interactive as partners in Red Annihilation . Will Bryant and Frank Cabanski of the Quake ClanRing were selected to operate the game competition because of their prior pioneering experience running large scale gaming tournaments . The initial phase of the tournament was held on Mpath 's MPlayer network with over 2000 participants from across the United States competing online in one-on-one matches . The top 16 players were flown to Atlanta , Georgia for the concluding phase of the tournament , where they competed inside the World Congress Center in a gaming arena Intergraph built on the floor of the Electronic Entertainment Expo ( E3 ) . This phase of the competition used vQuake , the hardware accelerated version of the game , played on Intergraph PC computers equipped with Rendition V1000-based Intense3D graphics accelerators . Players were able to use their own keyboards , mice and other pointing devices if they wished . As E3 was at the time an industry exhibition open to the trade only , most spectators watched the final competitions online via in-game cameras orchestrated by Bryant and Cabanski . The final morning of the tournament was also covered from the show floor by NBC 's Today and The Wall Street Journal . It was discovered during the award ceremony that tournament winner Fong , a student at De Anza College , would not be able to drive his prize as he was not insured for such a vehicle . Carmack agreed to underwrite Fong 's insurance for a year so the latter could enjoy his new car .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "95ee34b24ab131a83e1429e2beb3381a", "text": "New Star Games New Star Games is a British independent video game developer specializing in sports role-playing video games . It was founded by Simon Read in 2003 . Their most well-known product is the New Star Soccer series , role-playing soccer games in which the user controls one player in a squad making decisions about his career and life decisions along the way . The game received the `` Indie Sports Game of the Year Award 2008 '' from GameTunnel . It was the first non-text based game released by New Star Games . In addition to sports career games , New Star Games notably released Super Laser Racer , a stylised futuristic combat racing game . This is the first ( and currently only ) of NSG 's games to be made available on Steam . Simon Read approached Steam with New Star Soccer 5 , but Valve were apparently not interested in distributing it , a decision they would later reverse .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ccf13f8adcca60bf96d9eb8095128661", "text": "The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim The Elder Scrolls V : Skyrim is an open world action role-playing video game developed by Bethesda Game Studios and published by Bethesda Softworks . It is the fifth main installment in The Elder Scrolls series , following The Elder Scrolls IV : Oblivion , and was released worldwide for Microsoft Windows , PlayStation 3 , and Xbox 360 on November 11 , 2011 . The game 's main story revolves around the player character and their quest to defeat Alduin the World-Eater , a dragon who is prophesied to destroy the world . The game is set two hundred years after the events of Oblivion , and takes place in the fictional province of Skyrim . Over the course of the game , the player completes quests and develops the character by improving skills . The game continues the open world tradition of its predecessors by allowing the player to travel anywhere in the game world at any time , and to ignore or postpone the main storyline indefinitely . Skyrim was developed using the Creation Engine , rebuilt specifically for the game . The team opted for a unique and more diverse game world than Oblivions Imperial Provence of Cyrodiil , which game director and executive producer Todd Howard considered less interesting by comparison . The game was released to critical acclaim , with reviewers particularly mentioning the character development and setting , and is considered to be one of the greatest video games of all time . The game shipped over seven million copies to retailers within the first week of its release , and sold over 30 million copies across all platforms . Three downloadable content ( DLC ) add-ons were released -- Dawnguard , Hearthfire , and Dragonborn -- which were repackaged into The Elder Scrolls V : Skyrim -- Legendary Edition , which was released in June 2013 . The Elder Scrolls V : Skyrim -- Special Edition , a remastered version of the game , was released for Windows , Xbox One , and PlayStation 4 in October 2016 , which includes all three DLC expansions and a minor graphical upgrade , along with additional features such as modding capabilities on consoles . A port for the Nintendo Switch is planned for release in 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa49f3eb2aaa9e6098c2adc17e9a3584", "text": "List of Crystal Dynamics video games Crystal Dynamics is an American video game developer that was founded in 1992 by Judy Lang , Madaline Canepa and Dave Morris . Based in the San Francisco Bay Area , California , Crystal Dynamics was the first licensed developer for Panasonic 's original 3DO console , a gaming hardware platform founded by Kleiner Perkins . Their first release , Crash N Burn , was a launch game for the system and was included as a pack-in game with the console . The 3DO 's launch during the 1993 Christmas season was a commercial failure , severely damaging Crystal Dynamics ' software strategy . In 1994 , the company became a publisher for two new gaming platforms , the PlayStation and the Sega Saturn . The studio was acquired by Eidos Interactive , a British video game publisher , in 1998 . After Square Enix acquired Eidos in 2009 , Crystal Dynamics became a subsidiary of Square Enix . Crystal Dynamics is best known for developing the Legacy of Kain and Gex series . Although the first Legacy of Kain video game was developed by Silicon Knights , Crystal Dynamics gained the rights to the franchise in 1998 and developed four sequels between 1999 and 2003 . In 2003 , the studio took over the development of the best-selling Tomb Raider franchise after its original developer , Core Design , failed to gain critical or commercial success with their later games . Crystal Dynamics ' first Tomb Raider game , Tomb Raider : Legend , became a commercial success with 4.5 million copies sold as of February 2009 . Its sequel , Tomb Raider : Underworld , sold 2.6 million copies and became the first game the studio developed for the PlayStation 3 . Since 2003 , the studio has focused development on the Tomb Raider franchise with the help of other studios such as Buzz Monkey Software and Nixxes Software . Crystal Dynamics has developed five games in the series , encompassing two reboots of the franchise .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3edcbbc9205326cf579a5102f3700ebd", "text": "Destination Games Destination Games was an American computer game development company created in April 2000 by Richard Garriott , Robert Garriott and Starr Long , following their departure from Origin Systems . ( `` Destination '' is a play on `` Origin '' , the company the Garriotts founded nearly two decades earlier . ) Destination was founded in Austin , Texas to develop massively multiplayer online role-playing games . At E3 2001 , Richard Garriott announced a partnership making Destination the United States headquarters of South Korean MMORPG giant NCSOFT . As NCSOFT Austin , Destination has mainly focused on developing and supporting the North American version of NCSOFT 's Lineage games . In 2007 Destination Games released its first game , Tabula Rasa , a sci-fi MMORPG . The game did not sell as well as was hoped , Richard Garriott left NCSOFT in 2008 , and the game service closed in February 2009 . The Destination Games website was taken down when NCsoft moved its United States headquarters from Austin to Seattle -- calling it NCSOFT West -- in 2008 . NCSOFT Austin employed five people to run the casual MMOG Dungeon Runners , but announced in 2009 that support for this game will be ending in early 2010 due to low subscription numbers . As of October 2009 , NCSOFT employs about 150 people in the former Destination Games office in Austin mainly working in server operations , quality assurance , and customer support for various NCSOFT MMO titles , however development operations have moved completely to other NCSSOFT subsidiaries on the West Coast . The trademark Destination Games still remains a property of NCSOFT .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "63e176f3f3c277da6483cd85caedcd95", "text": "Grandia is a series of role-playing video games that have been developed by Game Arts throughout the whole series and have been published over the years by ESP Software , Sony Computer Entertainment , Ubisoft , Hudson Soft , Enix , Square Enix and GungHo Online Entertainment . The latest installment is published by GungHo Online Entertainment with the game entitled Grandia Online . Games in the Grandia series have been released for Sega Saturn , PlayStation , Dreamcast , Game Boy Color , PlayStation 2 and Microsoft Windows . The latest installment was released for Microsoft Windows on July 2009 entitled Grandia Online , its services remained online for three years until they shut down in 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "268d687158643160696e0174a00a0794", "text": "MercurySteam MercurySteam Entertainment , S.L. is a game developer based in San Sebastián de los Reyes , Spain . The company makes titles for the major platforms , including PC , Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 . The company was founded by former members of Rebel Act Studios , who previously developed Severance : Blade of Darkness in 2001 . Dave Cox is a producer at Konami who has helped out MercurySteam during the Castlevania : Lords of Shadow trilogy . In 2015 , Nintendo Life reported that MercurySteam had worked on a Metroid prototype for Wii U and 3DS , that was later turned down and possibly retrofitted into a different project .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1cd18bcf79d38cd465a48813291ac52a", "text": "Altron is a Japanese video game developer and publisher located in Shinagawa , Tokyo , Japan operating since 1983 . It has developed or published games for the Nintendo 64 , PlayStation , Sega Saturn , Super NES , Genesis , Nintendo Entertainment System , Nintendo DS , Game Boy , Game Boy Color , and Nintendo 3DS video game systems .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5bc299a2125e1ef7a53fd098e717c441", "text": "International Game Developers Association International Game Developers Association ( IGDA ) is the professional association for over 12,000 video and computer game developers worldwide . It is incorporated in the United States as a non-profit organization . Its stated mission is `` To advance the careers and enhance the lives of game developers by connecting members with their peers , promoting professional development , and advocating on issues that affect the developer community . '' In recognition of the wide-ranging , multidisciplinary nature of interactive entertainment , there are supposedly no barriers to entry .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d9735f4e6d50dd758db93f837ab7de0", "text": "ProDG (software) ProDG ( pronounced `` prodigy '' ) by SN Systems is a suite of development tools produced for PlayStation 3 , PlayStation 2 , PSP , Nintendo DS , GameCube , and Game Boy Advance . The phrase PRO-DG was originally registered as a UK trademark , but the hyphen was never used for a released version and the suite has subsequently been known as ProDG . The suite consisted of console hardware-specific assemblers , a C/C + + compiler , ELF/DLL linkers , and a source-level debugger . The build tools could be controlled either from the command line or integrated with Microsoft Visual Studio . The artist preview software tool , ProView , and Tuner , a profiler and performance optimizer , were also included in some versions of ProDG .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "473c629003347466800c7e290c324ef9", "text": "Asphalt Urban GT Asphalt Urban GT is a racing video game for the Nintendo DS and the Nokia N-Gage handheld video game consoles . It was developed by Gameloft and published by Ubisoft , and released on November 21 , 2004 , making it one of the DS launch titles . It has support for wireless multiplayer with up to four opponents , and takes advantage of the DS 's support for 3D graphics ( while showing unaccelerated N-Gage 's power to match DS 's graphics ) , showing the action from three camera angles . Replays are also available . The bottom screen of the DS is utilized to provide strategic tips and player information . The game sports nine tracks modelled after real-world locations such as Paris and New York City . The game 's 23 cars are licensed from real manufacturers such as Lamborghini , Hummer , Volkswagen , and others , and can be enhanced with over 30 addons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4342315377fe41fca65e8d4a29ab68f5", "text": "Ritual Entertainment Ritual Entertainment was a video game developer established in 1996 by Robert Atkins , Mark Dochtermann , Jim Dosé , Richard ` Levelord ' Gray , Michael Hadwin , Harry Miller , and Tom Mustaine . Based in Dallas , Texas , Ritual Entertainment was formerly known as Hipnotic Interactive , during which period they began development of their signature video game SiN . Members of the Ritual Entertainment development team have contributed game assets to other titles such as American McGee 's Alice , Medal of Honor : Airborne , Tomb Raider : Legend , and 25 to Life , and are also the creators of '' Übertools '' for id Tech 3 , which has been licensed for a number of other games . On January 24 , 2007 , developer MumboJumbo announced the acquisition of Ritual Entertainment . With this acquisition , Ritual 's focus on traditional action-oriented games was changed to casual games , essentially `` stalling '' Ritual 's latest game series , SiN Episodes , after releasing only one episode out of a planned nine . The purchase followed months of departures of several key employees including chief executive officer Steve Nix who became director of business development at id Software , vice president and co-founder Tom Mustaine who left to found Escalation Studios . Several months after the acquisition , community relations manager Steve Hessel left the company to join Splash Damage . Prior to the announcement , on December 6 , 2006 , Ritual announced the appointment of Ken Harward as the company 's new studio director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de0639d0d2e09d080e5c26f7c40520af", "text": "Grey Dog Software Grey Dog Software is a computer games development company , based in Phoenix , Arizona , and specializing in sports text simulations . Notable games released by Grey Dog include the Total Extreme Warfare series and the Wrestling Spirit series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0ad94d16811008c6984092548f3d8359", "text": "Video game producer A video game producer is the person in charge of overseeing and funding development of a video game .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fda834e11e674511e38eefb6d130099c", "text": "Big Huge Games Big Huge Games is a video game developer located in Timonium , Maryland . The company was founded in February 2000 by four veteran game industry developers : Tim Train , David Inscore , Jason Coleman and Brian Reynolds ( lead designer of Alpha Centauri , et al. ) . Their first game , Rise of Nations , was a critical and commercial hit . The original studio became defunct in May 2012 , but the name `` Big Huge Games '' was later reacquired by Reynolds and Train for their new venture ( previously known as SecretNewCo ) . The revived studio released the mobile game DomiNations on Android and iOS in April 2015 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "e5b7a242e961764602adbb4ccffab85a", "text": "Sherlock (TV series) Sherlock is a crime drama television series based on Sir Arthur Conan Doyle 's Sherlock Holmes detective stories . Created by Steven Moffat and Mark Gatiss , it stars Benedict Cumberbatch as Sherlock Holmes and Martin Freeman as Doctor John Watson . Thirteen episodes have been produced , with three-part series airing from 2010 -- 2017 , and a special episode airing on 1 January 2016 . The series is set in the present day , while the one-off special features a Victorian period fantasy resembling the original Holmes stories . Sherlock is a co-production of the British network BBC and the American station WGBH Boston for its Masterpiece anthology series on PBS , along with Hartswood Films , with Moffat , Gatiss , Sue Vertue and Rebecca Eaton serving as executive producers . The series is primarily filmed in Cardiff , Wales , with North Gower Street in London used for exterior shots of Holmes and Watson 's 221B Baker Street residence . Critical reception has been highly positive , with many reviews praising the quality of the writing , performances , and direction . Sherlock has been nominated for numerous awards including BAFTAs , Emmys , and a Golden Globe , winning several awards across a variety of categories . The show won in three categories at the 66th Primetime Emmy Awards including Outstanding Writing for a Miniseries , Movie or a Dramatic Special for Moffat , Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie for Cumberbatch , and Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie for Freeman . Two years later , it won Outstanding Television Movie . In addition , the show was also honoured with a Peabody Award in 2011 . The third series has become the UK 's most watched drama series since 2001 while interest in the fourth series appeared to slip by approximately twenty percent . Sherlock has been sold to 180 territories . All of the series have been released on DVD and Blu-ray , alongside tie-in editions of selected original Conan Doyle stories and original soundtrack composed by David Arnold and Michael Price . In January 2014 , the show launched its official mobile app called Sherlock : The Network .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "bfb9d6617a642ee30681290ae5410477", "text": "Lost Girl (season 5) Lost Girl is a Canadian supernatural drama television series that premiered on Showcase on September 12 , 2010 . The series was created by Michelle Lovretta and is produced by Jay Firestone and Prodigy Pictures Inc. , with the participation of the Canadian Television Fund ( Canada Media Fund ) , and in association with Shaw Media . It follows the life of a bisexual succubus named Bo , played by Anna Silk , as she learns to control her superhuman abilities , help those in need , and discover the truth about her origins . On February 27 , 2014 , Showcase and Shaw Media announced the renewal for a fifth and final season , with production starting in spring and the season set to air Fall 2014 . On August 25 , 2014 , Showcase announced that season 5 would be the last , with the original 13-episode order increased to 16 final episodes and the season divided into Part 1 and Part 2 . In the United States , on March 3 , 2015 , Syfy announced the premiere of season 5 on April 17 , 2015 , at 10 p.m. , with the show 's broadcast day changed to Friday . The time slot was afterwards changed to Thursday at 10 p.m. effective May 21 , with episode `` Clear Eyes , Fae Hearts '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0625dbd1e988ef00d17e7790416ca485", "text": "Drop the Dead Donkey Drop the Dead Donkey is a situation comedy that first aired on Channel 4 in the United Kingdom between 1990 and 1998 . It is set in the offices of `` GlobeLink News '' , a fictional TV news company . Recorded close to transmission , it made use of contemporary news events to give the programme a greater sense of realism . It was created by Andy Hamilton and Guy Jenkin . The series had an ensemble cast , making stars of Haydn Gwynne , Stephen Tompkinson and Neil Pearson . The series began with the acquisition of GlobeLink by media mogul Sir Roysten Merchant , an allusion to either Robert Maxwell or Rupert Murdoch . Indeed , Andy Hamilton and Guy Jenkin note on their DVDs that it was fortunate for their libel lawyers that the two men shared the same initials . The series is mostly based on the ongoing battle between the staff of GlobeLink , led by editor George Dent , as they try to maintain the company as a serious news organisation , and Sir Roysten 's right-hand man Gus Hedges , trying to make the show more sensationalist and suppress stories that might harm Sir Roysten 's business empire . According to Swedish comedian Kryddan Petersson , he and the group behind Helt Apropå had come up with an idea for a show like this , which they presented to British colleagues sometime around 1989-90 . Most of them were not impressed , but two of them took the idea seriously and wrote this show . Later on , the Swedish group bought the material rights to the show back to Sweden , and created the show Döda danskar räknas inte ( `` Dead Danes do n't count '' ) , which aired on SVT in 1994 . The show was awarded the Best Comedy ( Programme or Series ) Award at the 1994 BAFTA Awards . At the British Comedy Awards the show won Best New TV Comedy in 1990 , Best Channel 4 Comedy in 1991 , and Best Channel 4 Sitcom in 1994 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f054968a67a4d50aed811bd0b6c5bfc", "text": "South Park (season 13) The thirteenth season of South Park , an American animated television comedy series , originally aired in the United States on Comedy Central between March 11 and November 18 , 2009 . The season was headed by the series creators Trey Parker and Matt Stone , who served as executive producers along with Anne Garefino . The season continued to focus on the exploits of protagonists Stan , Kyle , Cartman , Kenny and Butters in the fictional Colorado mountain town of South Park . The season was the first of three new seasons Parker and Stone agreed to produce for the network under a renewal deal . It consisted of fourteen 22-minute episodes , which aired in two groups of seven episodes separated by a six-month gap . Prior to the season 's premiere , all South Park episodes were made available for free viewing on the official series website , South Park Studios . The 13th season was the first to be broadcast in high definition and in widescreen . Continuing their practice from previous seasons , Parker and Stone wrote and produced each episode within the week before its broadcast date . The 13th season satirized such topics as the ACORN scandal , Japanese whaling , piracy in Somalia and the marketing tactics of the Walt Disney Company . Celebrities were spoofed throughout the season , including the Jonas Brothers , Kanye West , Carlos Mencia , Paul Watson and Glenn Beck , all of whom publicly responded to their portrayals . The episode `` Fishsticks '' attracted particular media attention due to rapper Kanye West 's declaration that its jokes about his arrogance were funny but hurt his feelings . `` The F Word '' , in which the central characters attempt to change the definition of the word `` fag '' , was especially controversial and prompted complaints from the Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation . A broadcast of `` Pinewood Derby '' in Mexico was pulled , allegedly due to its depiction of Mexican President Felipe Calderón . `` Fatbeard '' was praised by the crew of the USS Bainbridge , which was involved in the 2009 rescue of the MV Maersk Alabama from Somali pirates . The 13th season received mixed reviews : some critics called it one of South Park 's strongest seasons , while others claimed the series was starting to decline in quality . The season maintained the average Nielsen rating viewership for the series , around 3 million viewers per episode . The episode `` Margaritaville '' , which satirized the global recession then affecting much of the industrialized world , won the 2009 Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program ( for Programming Less Than One Hour ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0fd353359f873fd2f4e64357b9a1cce8", "text": "Doctor Who (series 9) The ninth series of the British science fiction television programme Doctor Who premiered on 19 September 2015 with `` The Magician 's Apprentice '' and concluded on 5 December 2015 with `` Hell Bent '' . The series was led by head writer and executive producer Steven Moffat , alongside executive producer Brian Minchin . Nikki Wilson , Peter Bennett , and Derek Ritchie served as producers . The series is the ninth to air following the programme 's revival in 2005 , and is the thirty-fifth season overall . This is the second series starring Peter Capaldi as the Twelfth Doctor , an alien Time Lord who travels through time and space in his TARDIS , which is disguised as a British police box . It also stars Jenna Coleman as the Doctor 's companion , Clara Oswald , for her third and final series in the role . Also playing a major recurring role in the series is Maisie Williams as Ashildr , a Viking girl made immortal by the Doctor , which leads to major events resulting of her encounters with the Doctor . The series ' main story arc revolves around the mystery of a being called the Hybrid , the combination of two great warrior races . The Hybrid is alluded to with the appearance of many other hybrids such as Osgood and Ashildr , with both being dramatically revealed as being hybrids . The Doctor 's investigation into this being ultimately leads him back to his home planet of Gallifrey , which returns fully in the series . Steven Moffat wrote four episodes solo and co-wrote an additional two . The other writers who worked on this series included Toby Whithouse , Jamie Mathieson , Catherine Tregenna , Peter Harness , Mark Gatiss , and Sarah Dollard . Directors of the series included ones who had previously worked with Moffat on the show , and brand new ones . Filming began on 5 January 2015 . The ninth series received high acclaim from critics , with many labelling it as the show 's strongest season to date . Aspects of the series that were met with the most praise included the writing , directing , and structure of the series , as well as the performances of Peter Capaldi , Jenna Coleman and Maisie Williams .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "280e9d8c182e405e0a5534c3064c103e", "text": "The Sherlock Holmes The Sherlock Holmes is a Victorian era themed public house in Northumberland Street near Charing Cross railway station and Trafalgar Square which contains a large collection of memorabilia related to the fictional detective Sherlock Holmes . The original collection was put together for display in Baker Street in London during the Festival of Britain in 1951 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d30c9c81500d14fa8c4a6442f10ee761", "text": "Sherlock Holmes (1984 TV series) Sherlock Holmes is the name given to the TV series of Sherlock Holmes adaptations produced by British television company Granada Television between 1984 and 1994 , with the first two series bearing the title The Adventures Of Sherlock Holmes on screen and being followed by subsequent sub-series bearing the titles of other short story collections by Arthur Conan Doyle . The series was broadcast on the ITV network in the UK and starred Jeremy Brett as the famous detective . His portrayal remains very popular and is accepted by some as the definitive on-screen version of Sherlock Holmes . In addition , Holmes 's faithful friend and companion Dr. Watson is portrayed as the kind of thoroughly competent sidekick that Holmes would want . Initially , Watson was portrayed by David Burke ( who had earlier played the villain in an adaptation of `` The Adventure of the Beryl Coronet '' for the 1965 BBC series starring Douglas Wilmer and Nigel Stock ) . Burke appeared in the first year of the Adventures series before leaving to join the Royal Shakespeare Company . He was replaced by Edward Hardwicke , who played Watson for the remainder of the run . Of the 60 Holmes stories written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle , 42 were adapted in the series spanning 36 one-hour episodes and five feature-length specials . ( The elements of two stories were combined in one episode , accounting for the different numbers . )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a59c88ed8a34806675b8eb05e7d3531d", "text": "The Scientific Sherlock Holmes: Cracking the Case with Science and Forensics The Scientific Sherlock Holmes : Cracking the Case with Science and Forensics ( ISBN 978-0-199-79496-6 ) is a book written by James O'Brien , which was originally published on 3 December 2012 and then by Oxford University Press , USA on 3 January 2013 . The book later went on to win the Edgar Award for Best Critical / Biographical Work in 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7813ba7033e92423cb58c7095e18f93a", "text": "Criminal Minds: Suspect Behavior Criminal Minds : Suspect Behavior is an American police procedural drama starring Forest Whitaker and Janeane Garofalo that aired on CBS . The show debuted on February 16 , 2011 , as a spin-off of another series Criminal Minds aired on the same network , and is the second show in the Criminal Minds franchise . This edition 's profiling team also worked for the Federal Bureau of Investigation 's Behavioral Analysis Unit ( BAU ) in Quantico , Virginia . In an April 2010 episode of Criminal Minds ( `` The Fight '' ) , during the show 's fifth season , the original team met the new team and worked with them to find a San Francisco serial killer , with the episode serving as the new series ' backdoor pilot . Just like the parent series , CBS owned the underlying North American rights , while ABC owned the international rights . The series premiered on February 16 , 2011 , and filled the Wednesday 10:00 pm time slot , airing after Criminal Minds . Due to low ratings , CBS canceled the series on May 17 , 2011 , and aired its final episode eight days later . On September 6 , 2011 , CBS released the complete series as a four-disc set , packaged as `` The DVD Edition . '' There are numerous special features and two episode commentaries with the cast and crew . The set includes the backdoor pilot from season five of the original show . The series is also carried in rerun form on Ion Television as part of their existing agreement to carry Criminal Minds .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e78701a46db1d8bca6488ca193abaa7c", "text": "Pokémon Apokélypse Pokémon Apokélypse is a 2010 fan-made short film directed by Kial Natale and produced by Dylan Innes and Lee Majdoub . Based on the Pokémon franchise , the storyline takes place several years after the events of the original anime series . Intended as a fan-response to `` the common trend of ` dark and gritty ' reboots of popular franchises '' , the film was meant to give a mature spin on Pokémon and be in the same vein as work seen on parody website CollegeHumor . The creators initially intended to reveal the film at the Vancouver Anime Evolution convention , it was not shown due to technical difficulties . Instead on September 14 , 2010 , it revealed online via a teaser segment distributed through emails sent to various media outlets , which presented itself as a recording of a `` secret movie trailer screening '' for a film in development . The full film followed shortly thereafter , posted online on September 20 . The result of almost two years of work , the film follows Ash Ketchum and his friends years after the events of the original anime series , and their struggle against criminal organization Rocket Industries . Deciding on using the subject of Pokémon after considering several possibilities such as Grand Theft Auto and Dragon Ball Z , the producers were surprised by fan reaction to the material . Despite praises for the content , they have stated they have no intention to produce a full-fledged film . The initial `` leaked '' preview was met with skepticism and criticism , with Crave Online in particular recalling the trend of past video game-inspired films being of poor quality . Kotaku and Topless Robot in particular noting that the preview did it a disservice by hiding the charm of the completed project , which by comparison was met with very positive reception . GamesRadar called it `` amazing '' , and stated that the content was `` good enough for grown ups '' ; in a further discussion , they added they were impressed by the quality of the work , and how it addressed the similarity between the games and dog fighting . Other sources such as The Escapist and Game Informer also heavily praised the production , with the former lamenting that such a concept would never officially appear from Nintendo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c9cca49cdd4c9290fac1b9af3243c110", "text": "Dalziel and Pascoe (TV series) Dalziel and Pascoe is a popular British television crime drama based on the novels of the same name , written by Reginald Hill . The series was first broadcast on 16 March 1996 , with Warren Clarke being cast as Dalziel ( pronounced `` dee-ell '' ) and Colin Buchanan being cast as Pascoe . The series is primarily set in the fictional town of Wetherton in Yorkshire , and `` follows the work of two detectives that are thrown together as partners . Complete opposites . Different backgrounds , different beliefs , different styles . They get on each other 's nerves . They are continually embarrassed by each other . But their differences make them a stunningly brilliant crime-solving team . '' The first three series were entirely based on Hill 's novels , as were the first two episodes of series four . However , all subsequent stories , with the exception of `` Dialogues of the Dead '' , are stories written exclusively for television , and have not appeared as subsequent novels . The series was produced by BBC Birmingham , and broadcast on BBC One until 22 June 2007 , running for a total of eleven series . The series was axed in 2008 , citing falling viewing figures as the main reason . It was one of a number of dramas axed in a mass cull by new station controller Peter Fincham .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "144735a1bcccceb742e3c098a611ac03", "text": "Digimon Tamers , known outside Japan as season three of Digimon : Digital Monsters , is the third anime television series produced by Toei Animation based on the Japanese Digimon franchise . Unlike the previous seasons , Digimon Adventure and Digimon Adventure 02 , Tamers takes place in a different universe , where the first two seasons are a TV show . The show mostly takes place in the real world and revolves heavily around the collectible card game based on the series . This series is also known for its darker undertones and story plots , taking darker routes than in previous series . The anime has become controversial over the decade , with debates about how appropriate this show actually is for its `` target '' audience , especially due to Lovecraftian nature of the last arc . The English dub is more lighthearted dialogue-wise , though still not as much as previous series . Tamers aired in Japan between April 1 , 2001 and March 31 , 2002 , whilst an English-language version by Saban Entertainment aired in North America between September 1 , 2001 to June 8 , 2002 . A manga adaptation by Yuen Wong Yu ran between April and October 2004 . It was succeeded by Digimon Frontier .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bed5ff4b019ac01ae2a9a1f215c59d3d", "text": "Lilyhammer Lilyhammer is a Norwegian-American television series starring Steven Van Zandt about fictional former New York-based gangster Frank `` The Fixer '' Tagliano trying to start a new life in isolated Lillehammer , Norway . The first season premiered on Norwegian NRK1 on 25 January 2012 with a record audience of 998,000 viewers ( one fifth of Norway 's population ) , and premiered on Netflix in North America on 6 February 2012 with all eight episodes available in full for streaming on the service . Lilyhammer was promoted as `` the first time Netflix offered exclusive content '' . The spelling of the series title alludes to Tagliano 's dog Lily that was killed in the first episode during an attempt on Tagliano 's life , and the way that Frank and some other anglophones pronounce the town 's name . The series produced three seasons , with the final episode airing 17 December 2014 . On 22 July 2015 , Steven van Zandt posted on Twitter that the series had been cancelled , and the following day Netflix confirmed that they were pulling out of the series . NRK owns the rights to the series and remained optimistic that a deal could be made with another company for a fourth season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c72c4cff7bdca743a56901b3400ef84", "text": "Wishbone (TV series) Wishbone is a half-hour live-action children 's television show that was produced from 1995 to 1998 and broadcast on PBS Kids . The show 's title character is a Jack Russell Terrier . Wishbone lives with his owner Joe Talbot in the fictional town of Oakdale , Texas . He daydreams about being the lead character of stories from classic literature . He was known as `` the little dog with a big imagination '' . Only the viewers and the characters in his daydreams can hear Wishbone speak . The characters from his daydreams see Wishbone as whichever famous character he is currently portraying and not as a dog . The show won four Daytime Emmys , a Peabody Award , and honors from the Television Critics Association . Wishbone '' 's exterior shots were filmed on the backlot of Lyrick Studios 's teen division Big Feats ! Entertainment in Allen , Texas , and its interior shots were filmed on a sound stage in a 50,000 square foot warehouse in Plano , Texas . Additional scenes were filmed in Grapevine , Texas . This show garnered particular praise for refusing to bowdlerize many of the sadder or more unpleasant aspects of the source works , which usually enjoyed a fairly faithful retelling in the fantasy sequences . The show also inspired several book series . Altogether , there are more than fifty books featuring Wishbone , which were published even after the TV series ended production . Reruns of the show continued to air on some PBS affiliates until early 2008 . In 2006 , when a PBS Kids Go ! digital channel was announced , PBS planned to air Wishbone on the channel . However , when the digital channel was canceled , Wishbone returned in reruns on the PBS national program service . Wishbone clips came to the PBS Kids Go ! website . The return to PBS lasted a short time , though some PBS affiliates continued to air Wishbone '' until their license to do so ran out . The show continued to air in reruns until August 31 , 2001 . The Show was replaced on the PBS Kids schedule on September 3 , 2001 by Sagwa The Chinese Siamese Cat .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a982da1fd0657a5589db23fa32ab89a2", "text": "Doctor Who Doctor Who is a British science-fiction television programme produced by the BBC since 1963 . The programme depicts the adventures of a Time Lord called `` The Doctor '' , an extraterrestrial being from the planet Gallifrey . He explores the universe in a time-travelling space ship called the TARDIS . Its exterior appears as a blue British police box , which was a common sight in Britain in 1963 when the series first aired . Accompanied by a number of companions , the Doctor combats a variety of foes , while working to save civilisations and help people in need . The show is a significant part of British popular culture , and elsewhere it has gained a cult following . It has influenced generations of British television professionals , many of whom grew up watching the series . The programme originally ran from 1963 to 1989 . There was an unsuccessful attempt to revive regular production in 1996 with a backdoor pilot , in the form of a television film titled Doctor Who . The programme was relaunched in 2005 , and since then has been produced in-house by BBC Wales in Cardiff . Doctor Who has also spawned numerous spin-offs , including comic books , films , novels , audio dramas , and the television series Torchwood ( 2006 -- 2011 ) , The Sarah Jane Adventures ( 2007 -- 2011 ) , K-9 ( 2009 -- 2010 ) , and Class '' ( 2016-present ) , and has been the subject of many parodies and references in popular culture . Twelve actors have headlined the series as the Doctor . The transition from one actor to another is written into the plot of the show with the concept of regeneration into a new incarnation -- an idea introduced in 1966 to allow the show to continue after the departure of original lead William Hartnell who was becoming very ill at the time . The concept is that this is a Time Lord trait through which the character of the Doctor takes on a new body and personality to recover from a severe injury or anything that would otherwise kill a normal person . Each actor 's portrayal differs , but all represent stages in the life of the same character and form a single narrative . The time-travelling feature of the plot means that different incarnations of the Doctor occasionally meet . The current lead , Peter Capaldi , took on the role after Matt Smith 's exit in the 2013 Christmas special `` The Time of the Doctor '' . In 2017 , Capaldi confirmed he would be leaving at the end of the tenth series , with his final appearance being the 2017 Christmas Special .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03ebc5d084edb3a121796f002d16e256", "text": "David Doyle (producer) David Doyle is a four-time Emmy award-winning American television producer . He has produced factual and entertainment television programs since 1995 . Doyle has developed and produced original factual and entertainment projects with numerous broadcast and cable networks and was at the heart of the televised poker boom , having produced nine distinct poker programs for four different networks including NBC 's Poker Superstars Invitational Tournament and ESPN 's United States Poker Championship . His varied career includes work on projects ranging from independent , single-camera documentaries such as the critically acclaimed PBS series Lords of the Mafia , to pilots , series and specials for cable nets including Sci Fi Channel , TNT , VH1 , Travel Channel and Comedy Central , to live multi-camera broadcast specials such as the Academy Awards and the primetime Emmy Awards . Doyle was the Vice President of Program Development and Production for Discovery Communications Animal Planet . During his tenure at Animal Planet Doyle made a significant impact on a variety of projects including the network 's most watched special to date , the primetime Emmy nominated Dragons : A Fantasy Made Real aka The Last Dragon ( docudrama ) . Also , Meerkat Manor , the critically acclaimed wildlife docu-soap series that Doyle brought to the network , was watched by more households than any other series premiere in the network 's history and continues to perform so well in subsequent seasons that it has spawned a feature film , Flower : Queen of the Kalahari . Additionally , David was instrumental in developing timely programs on topical issues such as Tsunami : Animal Instincts and Animal Planet Heroes : Hurricane Rescues & Animal Planet Heroes : Hurricane Reunions as well as whimsical programs the likes of The World 's Ugliest Dog Competition , and the counter-programming stunt Puppy Bowl that garners over 7.5 million viewers on Super Bowl Sunday annually . Under Doyle 's watch , content improvements and ratings goals were achieved on such network program stalwarts as Mutual of Omaha 's Wild Kingdom , Planet 's Funniest Animals and the Animal Cops franchise . Doyle produced two radio morning shows in San Diego , California and one of the first daily web-based comedy shows for MSN entitled Second City Headline News . He began his show business career as an award-winning comedian/magician performing at clubs and colleges across the nation and made guest appearances on several national television programs . In 2014 Doyle received a Daytime Emmy Award for the series `` Ocean Mysteries with Jeff Corwin '' in the category Outstanding Travel Program , in 2015 for the series `` The Henry Ford 's Innovation Nation '' in the category Outstanding Special Class Program and two more in 2016 , for the series `` Sea Rescue '' in the category Outstanding Children 's Series and also for the series `` Lucky Dog '' in the category Outstanding Special Class Program .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d5ee589e3a79085e008ecc825429f18", "text": "Fullmetal Alchemist: Brotherhood is an anime series adapted from the Fullmetal Alchemist manga by Hiromu Arakawa . Produced by Bones , the series is directed by Yasuhiro Irie and written by Hiroshi Ōnogi . Fullmetal Alchemist : Brotherhood is the second anime television series based on Fullmetal Alchemist , the first being 2003 's Fullmetal Alchemist . Unlike the previous adaptation , Brotherhood is a 1:1 adaptation directly following the original events of the manga . It was first announced in the manga series ' 20th tankōbon volume . In Japan , it is differentiated from the 2003 series by the inclusion of the English language title . The series premiered on April 5 , 2009 , on MBS-TBS ' Sunday 5:00 PM JST anime time block , replacing Mobile Suit Gundam 00 , and ran weekly until airing its final episode on July 4 , 2010 . Voice actresses Romi Park and Rie Kugimiya reprise their roles as main characters Edward and Alphonse Elric , respectively . On March 20 , 2009 , it was announced that the English title of the series was Fullmetal Alchemist : Brotherhood and that it would receive its English language premiere on Animax Asia , with Japanese audio and English subtitles , from April 10 , 2009 , at 8:30 p.m. , five days after its Japanese premiere . On April 3 , 2009 , Funimation announced they would stream English subtitled episodes four days after they air in Japan . Madman Entertainment would also stream it `` within days '' of the episodes airing in Japan . On February 14 , 2010 , the English-dubbed version of the series began its run on Adult Swim . On February 1 , 2016 , Funimation announced that they would be losing home video and streaming rights to both Fullmetal Alchemist : Brotherhood and Fullmetal Alchemist the Movie : Conqueror of Shamballa by March 31 , 2016 . The series was transferred to Aniplex of America .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "16d336f7c781b4d7ad73b77a9f08611c", "text": "The Newly Discovered Casebook of Sherlock Holmes The Newly Discovered Casebook of Sherlock Holmes was a BBC Radio 2 comedy series written by Tony Hare . It starred Roy Hudd , Chris Emmett , Jeffrey Holland , and June Whitfield , and was broadcast between 16 January 1999 , to 20 February 1999 . It has since been re-broadcast on BBC Radio 4 Extra ( formerly called BBC Radio 7 ) . The burlesque series was a comic pastiche of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle 's fictional detective Sherlock Holmes . The series was recorded in front of a live audience and each 30 minute episode was broadcast on BBC Radio 2 at 1pm , making some of the rude , and occasionally crude , jokes rather risqué for the time of day . Hudd , Emmett , and Whitfield had all worked together on the very long-running radio series The News Huddlines . Holland is a familiar voice in British comedy series , probably best known for his role as Spike Dixon , the camp comic at Maplin 's holiday camp , Crimpton-on-Sea , in the BBC sitcom Hi-de-Hi ! Hudd later appeared alongside Clive Merrison as Holmes , and Andrew Sachs as Doctor Watson in an original radio play in the series The Further Adventures of Sherlock Holmes in 2002 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "275eb3e33def924426a2b08292171fe9", "text": "The X-Files (season 9) The ninth season of the American science fiction television series The X-Files commenced airing in the United States on November 11 , 2001 , concluded on May 19 , 2002 , and consists of twenty episodes . The season takes place after Fox Mulder ( David Duchovny ) goes into hiding , following the events of the eighth season finale , `` Existence '' . As such , the main storyarc for the season follows Dana Scully ( Gillian Anderson ) , John Doggett ( Robert Patrick ) , and Monica Reyes ( Annabeth Gish ) on their hunt to reveal a government conspiracy involving the elaborate creation of `` Super Soldiers '' . For this season , former series ' leads Duchovny and Anderson scaled back their involvement with the show , with the former only starring in the two episodes that formed the season finale , `` The Truth '' . Doggett and Reyes became the show 's central characters , and former recurring character Walter Skinner ( Mitch Pileggi ) became a main character . Series creator Chris Carter had hopes that the show could continue on with new leads , and the opening credits were accordingly redesigned again . Season nine received mixed reviews by critics and garnered negative reaction from many long-time fans and viewers , partially because Duchovny did not make regular appearances on the show , after fulfilling his contract in the previous season . During this year , ratings for the season fell dramatically . Critics blamed it on what they considered an increasingly incoherent story arc , whilst the cast and crew ascribed the drop in viewership to the September 11 attacks . Regardless , Fox eventually decided to cancel the series . During the airing of season eight , Carter and The X-Files production team had created and aired a spinoff titled The Lone Gunmen . The show was unsuccessful and was cancelled before any story arcs were resolved , but The X-Files episode `` Jump the Shark '' was written to give closure to the series . The X-Files storyline was continued with the 2008 theatrical film The X Files : I Want to Believe and later with a tenth season in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57b394d351e82bfc063f436f13a47d58", "text": "William Gillette, America's Sherlock Holmes William Gillette , America 's Sherlock Holmes , by Henry Zecher , is the first full and in-depth biography of William Hooker Gillette ( 1853 -- 1937 ) , the American actor , playwright and stage-manager of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries who is best remembered today for portraying Sherlock Holmes . Gillette was among the first American playwrights to offer tightly-knit and well-constructed plays , Bronson Howard , Steele MacKaye and James Herne being the others , but his most significant contributions to the theater were in devising realistic stage settings and special sound and lighting effects , and , as an actor , in putting forth what he called The Illusion of the First Time . His portrayal of Holmes helped create the modern image of the detective . His use of the deerstalker cap ( which first appeared in some Strand Magazine illustrations by Sidney Paget ) and the curved pipe became synonymous with the character . And it was in his play , not in Arthur Conan Doyle 's stories , that Holmes first said `` This is elementary , my dear fellow , '' which subsequently became `` Elementary , my dear Watson '' . Gillette assumed the role onstage more than 1,300 times over thirty years , starred in a silent motion picture based on his Holmes play , and voiced the character twice on radio . The author is a graduate of the University of Maryland School of Journalism , Class of 1971 . He was an award-winning sports writer and sports editor of the Delaware State News in Dover , Delaware , before embarking on a career in Federal government human resources . He has worked as a free-lance writer for many years and published a number of magazine articles , two of them of historical importance . One was an evaluation of German Reformer Martin Luther 's impact on the English Bible , and the other was the first analysis from a biblical and historical point of view of the Ipuwer Papyrus , first claimed by Immanuel Velikovsky and subsequently by others to have been an Egyptian version of the plagues on Egypt described in the Old Testament Book of Exodus . This is Zecher 's first book . It contains 585 pages of text and is profusely illustrated with more than ninety images , nearly all of them containing two to four and , in two cases , six individual photographs . It contains a bibliography of Gillette 's writings , a list of his plays subsequently made into motion pictures , a list of his patents , a list of audio/visual recordings of his voice , and 97 pages of Endnotes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea51e3306ba90255fefecbe2d95992e6", "text": "Procedural drama A procedural drama is a genre of television programming which focuses on how crimes are solved or some other aspect of a law enforcement agency , legislative body , or court of law . Some dramas include a lab or conference room with high-tech or state-of-the-art equipment where the main characters meet to work out the problem . Shows usually have an episodic format that does not require the viewer to have seen previous episodes . Episodes typically have a self-contained , also referred to as stand-alone , plot that is introduced and resolved within the same episode . The procedural format is popular around the world . In 2011 , the director of a TV consultancy said , `` The continuing trend is for procedurals because they use a predictable structure . '' Due to their stand-alone episodic nature , they are more accessible to new viewers than serials . Self-contained episodes also make it easier for viewers to return to a show if they have missed some episodes . In general , procedural dramas can usually be re-run with little concern for episode order . Procedurals are often criticized for being formulaic . Procedurals are also generally less character-driven than serialized shows . However , some procedurals have more character emphasis than is typical of the format . Some may occasionally feature a storyline stretching over several episodes . A popular variant is the police procedural .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "f8ff89d49a4352fbbaa52d660f14cd3a", "text": "Planet of the Apes (1968 film) Planet of the Apes is a 1968 American science fiction film directed by Franklin J. Schaffner . It stars Charlton Heston , Roddy McDowall , Kim Hunter , Maurice Evans , James Whitmore , James Daly and Linda Harrison . The screenplay by Michael Wilson and Rod Serling was loosely based on the 1963 French novel La Planète des Singes by Pierre Boulle . Jerry Goldsmith composed the groundbreaking avant-garde score . It was the first in a series of five films made between 1968 and 1973 , all produced by Arthur P. Jacobs and released by 20th Century Fox . The film tells the story of an astronaut crew who crash-land on a strange planet in the distant future . Although the planet appears desolate at first , the surviving crew members stumble upon a society in which apes have evolved into creatures with human-like intelligence and speech . The apes have assumed the role of the dominant species and humans are mute creatures wearing animal skins . The script was originally written by Rod Serling , but underwent many rewrites before filming eventually began . Directors J. Lee Thompson and Blake Edwards were approached , but the film 's producer Arthur P. Jacobs , upon the recommendation of Charlton Heston , chose Franklin J. Schaffner to direct the film . Schaffner 's changes included an ape society less advanced -- and therefore less expensive to depict -- than that of the original novel . Filming took place between May 21 and August 10 , 1967 , in California , Utah and Arizona , with desert sequences shot in and around Lake Powell , Glen Canyon National Recreation Area . The film 's final `` closed '' cost was $ 5.8 million . The film was released on February 8 , 1968 , in the United States and was a commercial success , earning a lifetime domestic gross of $ 32.6 million . The film was groundbreaking for its prosthetic makeup techniques by artist John Chambers and was well received by critics and audiences , launching a film franchise , including four sequels , as well as a short-lived television show , animated series , comic books , and various merchandising . In particular , Roddy McDowall had a long-running relationship with the Apes series , appearing in four of the original five films ( absent , apart from a brief voiceover , from the second film of the series , Beneath the Planet of the Apes , in which he was replaced by David Watson in the role of Cornelius ) , and also in the television series . The original series was followed by Tim Burton 's remake Planet of the Apes in 2001 and the reboot Rise of the Planet of the Apes in 2011 . Also in 2001 , Planet of the Apes was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "486ba469045b01d35fd902f6f4553bb0", "text": "The Producers (1968 film) The Producers is a 1968 American satirical comedy film written and directed by Mel Brooks and starring Zero Mostel , Gene Wilder , Dick Shawn , and Kenneth Mars . The film was Brooks 's directorial debut , and he won an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay . Although the release date was officially 1968 , the premier took place in Pittsburgh on November 22 , 1967 . Decades later , the film was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry and placed eleventh on the AFI 's 100 Years ... 100 Laughs list . It was later remade by Brooks as an acclaimed Broadway stage musical , which itself was adapted for a 2005 feature film starring Nathan Lane and Matthew Broderick .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f74c3463f8cacb132ba746d3bf5fae4", "text": "Astonishing Stories Astonishing Stories was an American pulp science fiction magazine , published by Popular Publications between 1940 and 1943 . It was founded under Popular 's `` Fictioneers '' imprint , which paid lower rates than Popular 's other magazines . The magazine 's first editor was Frederik Pohl , who also edited a companion publication , Super Science Stories . After nine issues Pohl was replaced by Alden H. Norton , who subsequently rehired Pohl as an assistant . The budget for Astonishing was very low , which made it difficult to acquire good fiction , but through his membership in the Futurians , a group of young science fiction fans and aspiring writers , Pohl was able to find material to fill the early issues . The magazine was successful , and Pohl was able to increase his pay rates slightly within a year . He managed to obtain stories by writers who subsequently became very well known , such as Isaac Asimov and Robert Heinlein . After Pohl entered the army in early 1943 , wartime paper shortages led Popular to cease publication of Astonishing . The final issue was dated April of that year . The magazine was never regarded as one of the leading titles of the genre , but despite the low budget it published some well-received material . Science fiction critic Peter Nicholls comments that `` its stories were surprisingly good considering how little was paid for them '' , and this view has been echoed by other historians of the field .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3956b36e142193663a071c5d71be9ad8", "text": "Edgar Rice Burroughs, Inc. Edgar Rice Burroughs , Inc. is an American company founded in 1923 by author Edgar Rice Burroughs . It is based in Tarzana , California . The company holds the rights to the literary works of Burroughs that are still protected by copyright ( a number of Burroughs ' early works have passed out of copyright and consequently are in the public domain ) . Burroughs was one of the first artists to incorporate , which he did for tax reasons and for more control over his works . Burroughs ' books were published through the company from 1931 ( Tarzan the Invincible ) through 1948 ( Llana of Gathol ) , with one additional title ( I Am a Barbarian ) appearing in 1967 . The company remains in the ownership of the Burroughs family and manages and licenses Burroughs ' works and characters , including Tarzan and John Carter of Mars .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "60aef47142c7e22978aa965ad20783f6", "text": "1968 in paleontology", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f77d1445f6c1e397325b5701659b7bf8", "text": "Animal Protection Institute The Animal Protection Institute ( API ) was a national , nonprofit animal advocacy organization based in Sacramento , California that in 2007 , as part of its affiliation with the Born Free Foundation , was renamed Born Free USA . Founded in 1968 , API 's mission was to advocate for the protection of animals from cruelty and exploitation . API 's slogan was `` Saving Animals Is Our Reason for Being '' . API was founded by Belton P. Mouras and Kenneth E. Guerrero , both former employees of the Humane Society of the United States . API 's primary campaign areas included animals used in entertainment , captive exotic animals , companion animals , compassionate consumerism , farmed animals , and wildlife protection . API achieved significant results in working with state and local legislatures to pass laws restricting the private possession of exotic animals such as lions , tigers , bears , and other dangerous animals . The organization attempted to get bills passed in North and South Carolina banning venomous snakes and other exotic animals . API also provided `` hands-on '' care for animals at its API Primate Sanctuary , located in Dilley , Texas , where more than 500 primates , many of whom were rescued from abusive situations in laboratories , roadside zoos , and private possession , live in as natural an environment as possible with minimal human interference .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ebeefd8ae3a1e0865370fc106e492c6f", "text": "Planet Rock (song) `` Planet Rock '' is a 1982 song by Afrika Bambaataa & the Soulsonic Force . The song featured Marvella Murray , Yvette Murray , Melissa Johnson and Sandra Wheeler on additional background vocals . Although it was primarily an underground hit in the United States , Canada , and UK , it helped change the foundations of hip-hop and dance music and became one of the most influential pieces and a milestone and eventually an icon of the hip-hop , breakdance and electronic music cultures . It is credited with pioneering the genre and developing the electro style , building on the work of Kraftwerk , Yellow Magic Orchestra , and George Clinton , combined with distinctive Roland TR-808 beats , and helped pave the way for other genres such as techno , house and trance . In November 2004 , `` Planet Rock '' placed at number 240 on Rolling Stone 's list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time and number 10 in About.com 's Top 100 Rap Songs . `` Planet Rock '' peaked at number four on the soul chart and number forty-eight on the Hot 100 , and went to number three on the dance charts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18a75c5ad0c17a861ba966e0fbe71d59", "text": "BAFTA Award for Best Film The BAFTA Award for Best Film is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . It has been given since the 1st BAFTA Awards , representing the best films of 1947 , but until 1969 it was called the BAFTA Award for Best Film From Any Source . It is possible for films from any country to be nominated , although British films are also recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best British Film and ( since 1983 ) foreign-language films in BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language . As such , there have been multiple occasions of a film being nominated in two of these categories . There has been one tie for the Best Film award when , in 1962 , Ballad of a Soldier tied with The Hustler for Best Film from any Source . Until 1981 , the award was given to the director , except in 1976 and 1977 , when it was given to the producers . From 1981 to 1985 , it was given solely to the producers , and then in 1986 , it was shared between the Director and Producer . In 1998 , it was once again given to only the producers . In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d7d1ac0bc7856e910ea3199dd66fdb45", "text": "The Living Planet The Living Planet : A Portrait of the Earth is a BBC nature documentary series written and presented by David Attenborough , first transmitted in the UK from 19 January 1984 . The sequel to his pioneering Life on Earth , it is a study of the ways in which living organisms , including humans , adapt to their surroundings . Each of the twelve 55-minute episodes ( one fewer than his previous series ) featured a different environment . The executive producer was Richard Brock and the music was composed by Elizabeth Parker of the BBC Radiophonic Workshop . Part of David Attenborough 's ` Life ' series , it was followed by The Trials of Life ( 1990 ) . However , before the latter , Attenborough wrote and presented two shorter series : The First Eden ( 1987 ) , about man 's relationship with the natural habitats of the Mediterranean , and Lost Worlds , Vanished Lives ( 1989 ) , concerning the discovery of fossils .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f13d8108b44d15886f05fa1f65506ea8", "text": "Fantastic Voyage Fantastic Voyage is a 1966 American science fiction film directed by Richard Fleischer and written by Harry Kleiner , based on a story by Otto Klement and Jerome Bixby . The film is about a submarine crew who shrink to microscopic size and venture into the body of an injured scientist to repair the damage to his brain . The original story took place in the 19th century and was meant to be a Jules Verne -- style adventure with a sense of wonder . Kleiner abandoned all but the concept of miniaturization and added a Cold War element . The film starred Stephen Boyd , Raquel Welch , Edmond O'Brien , and Donald Pleasence . Bantam Books obtained the rights for a paperback novelization based on the screenplay and approached Isaac Asimov to write it . Because the novelization was released six months before the movie , many people mistakenly believed the film was based on Asimov 's book . The movie inspired an animated television series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5deb87d8f8e63763c4cf0b93f51ee2a2", "text": "Tezuka Productions is a Japanese animation studio founded by Tezuka Osamu in 1968 . It is known for animating notable works such as Marvelous Melmo , the 1980 and 2003 Astro Boy series , and Black Jack . His son , Macoto Tezuka , currently aims to use Tezuka Productions to extend Tezuka 's manga series with new issues and publish posthumous works such as Legend of the Forest .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "62eeab70dbf5974f29f9e6b603f020f5", "text": "Planet of the Apes (disambiguation) Planet of the Apes is a film and media franchise involving a world where humans and intelligent apes clash for control . Planet of the Apes may also refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "601c999353b05e482bdc578bda7fd3f5", "text": "38th Saturn Awards The 38th Saturn Awards , honoring the best in science fiction , fantasy and horror film and television in 2011 , were held on July 26 , 2012 in Burbank , California . The awards are presented by the Academy of Science Fiction , Fantasy and Horror Films . The six Best Film Award categories were respectively won by Rise of the Planet of the Apes ( Science Fiction ) , Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 ( Fantasy ) , The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo ( Horror or Thriller ) , Mission : Impossible -- Ghost Protocol ( Action or Adventure ) , The Skin I Live In ( International ) and Puss in Boots ( Animated ) . Rise of the Planet of the Apes and Super 8 led the winners with three each . In the television categories , Breaking Bad won three of its six nominations , including Best Syndicated/Cable Television Series . Fringe , The Walking Dead and Teen Wolf won the other Best Series Awards . Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 became the first Harry Potter film to win Best Fantasy Film , for which the seven previous Harry Potter films were nominated , and only the second film of the series to win a Saturn Award , following The Philosopher 's Stone which won Best Costume in 2001 . Mission : Impossible -- Ghost Protocol also became the first Mission : Impossible film to win Best Action or Adventure Film , following the nominations of the first and third installments .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a3b123e636bf57652b14fbddf46d28c", "text": "The Mysterious Origins of Man The Mysterious Origins of Man is a television special that originally aired on NBC on February 25 , 1996 . Hosted by Charlton Heston , the program argued that mankind has lived on the Earth for tens of millions of years , and that mainstream scientists have suppressed the fossil evidence for this . Some material included was based on the controversial Forbidden Archeology , a book written by Hindu creationists Michael Cremo and Richard L. Thompson about anomalous archeological finds reported mainly in early scientific journals . It also included interviews with the following people : creationist Carl Baugh on the Paluxy tracks ; Richard Milton , author of Shattering the Myths of Darwinism , on Lucy ; Neil Steede on Incan ruins ; and Graham Hancock , author of Fingerprints of the Gods , on Atlantis . It was produced by B. C. Video Inc. . The program was widely criticized by the scientific community . Donald Johanson said it was `` absolutely shameful , and it sort of sets us back 100 years '' . Jim Foley of TalkOrigins called it a `` pseudo-scientific mishmash of discredited claims and crackpot ideas '' . However , the criticism did not prevent NBC from re-broadcasting the special on June 8 , 1996 . In response , John Carman wrote in the San Francisco Chronicle , `` You 'd think the NBC brass would be a touch embarrassed by the program , and eager to let the little furor fritter away into oblivion . But then you really would be a simpleton . NBC , a subsidiary of the science giant General Electric , does not exist to sharpen minds . Science , schmience . If there was money to be made from it , NBC would tell you the Earth is flat because of repeated indentations from space aliens on pogo sticks . '' Dave Thomas wrote in Skeptical Briefs that `` quality science was nowhere to be found '' in the program , as it had people of questionable credentials interviewed and failed to interview the leading researchers in their respective fields . Thomas further explained the show failed to challenge the extraordinary claims . Creationist Ken Ham criticized the production in the February 1996 Answers in Genesis newsletter in a review titled `` Hollywood 's ` Moses ' Undermines Genesis . '' Ham attacked fellow creationist Baugh 's claims , saying , `` According to leading creationist researchers , this evidence is open to much debate and needs much more intensive research . One wonders how much of the information in the program can really be trusted ! ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4fa2374a21b16f9f70a3bb5ee797d4c6", "text": "7th World Science Fiction Convention The 7th World Science Fiction Convention , also known as Cinvention , was held September 3 -- 5 . 1949 , at the Hotel Metropole in Cincinnati , Ohio , United States . The Guests of Honor were Lloyd A. Eshbach ( pro ) and Ted Carnell ( fan ) . Don Ford carried out the duties of Chairman , but was officially Secretary-Treasurer ; Charles R. Tanner had the honorary title of Chairman . Total attendance was approximately 190 ; noteworthy attendees included Forrest J. Ackerman , Hannes Bok , Lester del Rey . Vince Hamlin . Sam Moskowitz , Rog Phillips , Milton Rothman , `` Doc '' Smith , and George O. Smith .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "697580c81479770dc6c70a31e36dd7f8", "text": "B movie A B movie is a low-budget commercial movie , but one that is not an arthouse film . In its original usage , during the Golden Age of Hollywood , the term more precisely identified films intended for distribution as the less-publicized bottom half of a double feature . Although the U.S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s , the term B movie continues to be used in the broader sense it maintains today . In its post -- Golden Age usage , there is ambiguity on both sides of the definition : on the one hand , the primary interest of many inexpensive exploitation films is prurient ; on the other , many B movies display a high degree of craft and aesthetic ingenuity . In either usage , most B movies represent a particular genre -- the Western was a Golden Age B movie staple , while low-budget science-fiction and horror films became more popular in the 1950s . Early B movies were often part of series in which the star repeatedly played the same character . Almost always shorter than the top-billed films they were paired with , many had running times of 70 minutes or less . The term connoted a general perception that B movies were inferior to the more handsomely budgeted headliners ; individual B films were often ignored by critics . Latter-day B movies still sometimes inspire multiple sequels , but series are less common . As the average running time of top-of-the-line films increased , so did that of B pictures . In its current usage , the term has somewhat contradictory connotations : it may signal an opinion that a certain movie is ( a ) a genre film with minimal artistic ambitions or ( b ) a lively , energetic film uninhibited by the constraints imposed on more expensive projects and unburdened by the conventions of putatively `` serious '' independent film . The term is also now used loosely to refer to some higher-budgeted , mainstream films with exploitation-style content , usually in genres traditionally associated with the B movie . From their beginnings to the present day , B movies have provided opportunities both for those coming up in the profession and others whose careers are waning . Celebrated filmmakers such as Anthony Mann and Jonathan Demme learned their craft in B movies . They are where actors such as John Wayne and Jack Nicholson first became established , and they have provided work for former A movie actors , such as Vincent Price and Karen Black . Some actors , such as Bela Lugosi , Eddie Constantine and Pam Grier , worked in B movies for most of their careers . The term B actor is sometimes used to refer to a performer who finds work primarily or exclusively in B pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2c4ae34af0631ffe0410ca459ffabd6", "text": "Lest We Forget Thee, Earth Lest We Forget Thee , Earth is a fix-up novel derived from three short stories written by Robert Silverberg under the pen-name Calvin M. Knox and released in 1958 . They are , in order ; `` Chalice of Death '' , `` Earth Shall Live Again ! '' and `` Vengeance of the Space Armada '' . This novel extends the three stories previously published in 1957 and 1958 in the magazine Science Fiction Adventures . The story revolves around Hallam Navarre , a young Earthman serving as an advisor to the Galactic Overlord , Joroiran II . Running late to audience day , he discovers his position has been temporarily taken over by his rival Kausirn , and that Joroiran is none too happy about his tardiness . Hastily creating the excuse that he was searching for the mythical ` Chalice of Death ' , he thinks he is out of trouble , only to discover that now Joroiran expects him to set off with fellow Earthman Domrik Carso in a quest to find it . The Earthmen change their quest and decide to search for the even more mythical Earth instead . Eventually they meet another Earthwoman , Helna Winstin and together they set off to discover the truth about their ancestral home planet , and the legendary ` Chalice of Death ' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f3a7ba6858ee603fa3285a48e085c34e", "text": "Early Abstractions Early Abstractions is a collection of seven short animated films created by Harry Everett Smith between 1939 and 1956 . Each film is between two and six minutes long , and is named according to the chronological order in which it was made . The collection includes Numbers 1 -- 5 , 7 , and 10 , while the missing Numbers 8 and 9 are presumed to have been lost . The idea of the numbering was to suggest a coherent link between each individual film , and that they were to be treated not just on their own but as part of a larger body of work . Of the missing chapters , Number 6 was made up of three-dimensional optically printed abstractions ; Number 8 was a black and white collage of clippings taken from nineteenth century ladies wear catalogues and elocution books , and Number 9 was a color collage of biology books and nineteenth century temperance movement | posters . The remaining films show a gradual evolution in Smith 's technical complexity , with blunt abstraction rudimentary motion more prominent in the early shorts , in contrast to an allegoric dance of Tarot cards , and Buddhist and Cabalistic symbols . Initially recorded with no sound , a medley of music by The Beatles was added retrospectively . Because the songs do not exactly sync up with each individual film , some critics have opined that this does not enhance the film , and recommend watching it in silence . In 2006 , Early Abstractions was selected to the National Film Registry by the Librarian of Congress for its `` cultural , historical , or aesthetic significance '' . The Academy Film Archive preserved films 1 , 2 , and 3 of Abstractions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "139624e58a09dcb5f8ea7b4e80fa282a", "text": "Tarzan Escapes Tarzan Escapes is a 1936 Tarzan film based on the character created by Edgar Rice Burroughs . It was the third in the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Tarzan series to feature Johnny Weissmuller as the `` King of the Apes '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa64471bce2d6d0dbe71865db1e0c8a3", "text": "Going Ape Going Ape is a British Television docu-soap program that is aired on the Animal Planet . The television series first aired on Tuesday 21 November 2006 at the weekly time of 21:00 running a total of thirteen episodes . The series is now in re-runs and has an irregular running format . It follows the story of 50 Chimpanzees , 26 Gorillas , seven Baboons and four Mandrills who have been orphaned by the bush meat trade in Cameroon showing the vital work of the Mefou National Park and the Limbe Wildlife Centre along with Ape Action Africa ( formerly the Cameroon Wildlife Aid Fund ) and `` In Defence of Animals - Africa '' , two charities that are dedicated to saving the primates in the region . Its narrator was Charlotte Uhlenbrook", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35ea72822fcc112c787f47d5d37daaff", "text": "The Beatles (TV series) The Beatles is an American animated television series featuring representations of the popular English rock band of the same name . It ran from 1965 to 1969 on ABC in the U.S. ( only 1965 to 1967 was first run ; later transmissions were reruns ) . The series debuted on September 25 , 1965 and ended on September 7 , 1969 . A total of 39 episodes were produced . The series was shown on Saturday mornings at 10:30 AM EST until the 1967 third season when it was moved to 12:00 PM EST. . For the fourth season , which consisted of reruns , the series was shown at 9:30 AM EST on Sunday mornings . Each episode has a name of a Beatles song , so the story is based on its lyrics and it is also played at some time in the episode . The original series was rebroadcast in syndication by MTV in 1986 and 1987 and on the Disney Channel beginning in 1989 on Fridays at 5 PM . The series was a historical milestone as the first weekly television series to feature animated versions of real , living people .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "17deab4de83a150dc6609a9eec878c04", "text": "Tom Felton Thomas Andrew `` Tom '' Felton ( born 22 September 1987 ) is an English actor . Felton began appearing in commercials when he was eight years old for companies such as Commercial Union and Barclaycard . He made his screen debut in the role of Peagreen Clock in The Borrowers ( 1997 ) and he portrayed Louis T. Leonowens in Anna and the King ( 1999 ) . He rose to prominence for his role as Draco Malfoy in the film adaptions of the best-selling Harry Potter fantasy novels by J.K. Rowling . His performances in Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 1 won him two consecutive MTV Movie Awards for Best Villain in 2010 and 2011 . Following the conclusion of the series in 2011 , Felton appeared in the 2011 film Rise of the Planet of the Apes , a reboot of the Planet of the Apes series . He had roles in the minor films From the Rough ( 2011 ) and The Apparition ( 2012 ) , starred as James Ashford in the critically acclaimed period drama film Belle ( 2013 ) , followed by roles in In Secret ( 2014 ) and Against the Sun ( 2014 ) . Felton 's 2016 films include the epic biblical drama Risen , alongside Joseph Fiennes , and the period biopic A United Kingdom , alongside David Oyelowo and Rosamund Pike . He portrays Julian Albert / Doctor Alchemy on The Flash .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "e060b9632eecc2bb996136c741de729e", "text": "Dirty Heroes Dirty Heroes , also known as From Hell to Victory and Heroes Five ( Dalle Ardenne all ` inferno ) , is a 1967 Italian `` macaroni combat '' war film directed by Alberto De Martino and starring Frederick Stafford .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6732121d3505c06ffabbb3d1f3bba697", "text": "Tiger Orange Tiger Orange is an American drama film , released in 2014 . Directed by Wade Gasque and written by Mark Strano , the film stars Strano and Frankie Valenti as Chet and Todd , two gay brothers struggling to reconnect after their father 's death . Chet , shy and reserved , has been living relatively closeted in the small town where the brothers grew up , running their father 's hardware store and taking great care not to be too open about his sexuality in the town 's relatively conservative social order , while Todd , more upfront about his sexuality , left home at 18 to move to Los Angeles , where he has been struggling to build a career as an actor . Despite the clash of personalities , however , each also envies some aspects of the other 's life ; Chet envies Todd 's freedom to live his life openly , while Todd regrets not having experienced Chet 's sense of belonging to a close-knit community and the opportunity he had to remain in close contact with their father . The tensions between them reach their peak when Brandon ( Gregory Marcel ) , Chet 's high school crush , also returns home to take care of his ailing mother ; Chet continues to struggle with his feelings for Brandon , while Todd actively pursues him . The film premiered on July 18 , 2014 at Outfest . Strano won the festival 's award for Best Actor in a Feature Film . Valenti 's performance also drew praise from critics , with many calling attention to how unexpectedly strong it was for an actor previously known primarily for porn . In a 2015 post for Indiewire 's / Bent blog on LGBT film , Gasque described the film as having been inspired by the LGBT community 's `` subtle tug-of-war between our desire to stand out and our need to fit in . '' The film was picked up by Wolfe Video for distribution on DVD , video on demand and digital media platforms in January 2015 . It was released to those platforms in July 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7998c5a720f81e7208f8b0411d11ed31", "text": "The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner (film) The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner is a 1962 film based on the short story of the same name . The screenplay , like the story , was written by Alan Sillitoe . The film was directed by Tony Richardson , one of the new young directors emerging from documentary films , a series of 1950s filmmakers known as the Free Cinema movement . It tells the story of a rebellious youth ( played by Tom Courtenay ) , sentenced to a borstal ( ` Approved School ' ) for burgling a bakery , who gains privileges in the institution through his prowess as a long-distance runner . During his solitary runs reveries of important events before his incarceration lead him to re-evaluate his status as the Governor 's ( played by Michael Redgrave ) prize athlete , eventually prizing a rebellious act of personal autonomy notwithstanding an immediate loss in privileges . The film poster 's byline is `` you can play by the rules ... or you can play it by ear - WHAT COUNTS is you play it right by YOU ... '' . . The notion is echoed by other contemporary films such as a rapid series of three contemporary Lone Ranger films . Depicting a bleak , elitist Britain in the late 1950s to early 1960s for the working to middle class , the writer was one of the angry young men producing media vaunting or depicting the plight of rebellious youths . The film has characters entrenched in their social context . Class consciousness abounds throughout : the `` them '' and `` us '' notions which Richardson stresses reflect the very basis of British society at the time , so that Redgrave 's `` proper gentleman '' of a Governor is in contrast to many of the young working class inmates . Much of the screenplay takes place in and around Ruxley Towers , Claygate , Surrey -- a Victorian mock castle built by Lord Foley ( ` Ruxton Towers ' ) . The building had been used as a NAAFI base in the war , giving it a military atmosphere . The original trumpet theme to the film was performed by Fred Muscroft ( the Scots Guards Principal Cornet at the time ) . The film 's words were heavily sampled in the 1980s Chumbawamba track `` Alright Now '' and text monologues from the book upon which the film is based was printed on the record/cassette covers of their single `` Just Look at Me Now '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8bd6514796e17f3eeca00280a6b9ad37", "text": "Rough Trade Records Rough Trade Records is an independent record label based in London , England . It was formed in 1978 by Geoff Travis who had opened a record store off Ladbroke Grove . Having successfully promoted and sold records by punk , very early indie pop and early post-punk bands such as The Smiths and Desperate Bicycles , Travis began to manage acts and distribute bands such as Scritti Politti and began the label , which was informed by left-wing politics and structured as a co-operative . Soon after , Rough Trade also set up a distribution arm that serviced independent retail outlets across Britain , a network that became known as the Cartel . Interest and investment of major labels in the UK indie scene in the late 1980s , as well as overtrading on behalf of Rough Trade 's distribution wing , led to cash flow problems , and eventually to bankruptcy , forcing the label into receivership . However , Travis resurrected the label in the late 1990s , finding success with The Libertines , The Strokes and Antony and the Johnsons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d29c971df00dfcec738c554bc298ac8", "text": "Tom Courtenay Sir Thomas Daniel `` Tom '' Courtenay ( -LSB- ˈkɔrtni -RSB- born 25 February 1937 ) is an English actor who came to prominence in the early 1960s with a succession of films , including The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner ( 1962 ) , Billy Liar ( 1963 ) , and Doctor Zhivago ( 1965 ) . Since the mid-1960s , he has been known primarily for his work in the theatre , although he received an Academy Award nomination for Best Actor for the film adaptation of The Dresser ( 1983 ) , which he had performed on the West End and on Broadway . He received a knighthood in February 2001 for his service to cinema and theatre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5341dc13e2db1f63b46d7baef9be4211", "text": "Tom Norman Tom Norman , born Thomas Noakes , ( 7 May 1860 -- 24 August 1930 ) , was an English businessman , showman and the last exhibitor of Joseph Merrick who was otherwise known as the `` Elephant Man '' . Among his later exhibits were a troupe of midgets , a `` Man in a Trance '' , `` John Chambers the armless Carpenter '' , and the `` World 's Ugliest Woman '' . Norman started his working life as a butcher in Sussex before moving to London at the age of 14 where he sought a career on the music hall stage . There , he became interested in freak shows which he attended in his spare time . After viewing an exhibition called `` Electric Lady '' next door to his place of work , he went into business with the exhibition 's manager and began his career as a showman of human oddities . He quickly became successful , for his patter as much as his exhibits , and was called the ` Silver King ' by the American showman P. T. Barnum . In 1884 , Norman took over the management of Joseph Merrick , otherwise known as the `` Elephant Man '' , and exhibited him for a few weeks until police closed down the show . Merrick later went to live at the London Hospital under the care of Sir Frederick Treves . In his 1923 memoirs , Treves portrayed Norman as a cruel drunk who ruthlessly exploited his acts . Norman refuted this characterisation and said that he provided Merrick ( and his other `` freaks '' ) with a means of making money independently . Norman continued a successful career as a showman and later became an auctioneer of novelty shows and circuses . Norman died in 1930 and was survived by his wife and 10 children , five of whom followed him into the entertainment business .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8e790c3e3e9c6a35cb12e61b684bd69", "text": "Rocky Rocky is a 1976 American sports drama film directed by John G. Avildsen and both written by and starring Sylvester Stallone . It tells the rags to riches American Dream story of Rocky Balboa , an uneducated but kind-hearted working class Italian-American boxer working in a meat warehouse and as a debt collector for a loan shark in the slums of Philadelphia . Rocky starts out as a small-time club fighter , and later gets a shot at the world heavyweight championship . The film also stars Talia Shire as Adrian , Burt Young as Adrian 's brother Paulie , Burgess Meredith as Rocky 's trainer Mickey Goldmill , and Carl Weathers as the champion , Apollo Creed . The film , made on a budget of just over $ 1 million and shot in 28 days , was a sleeper hit ; it earned $ 225 million in global box office receipts , becoming the highest-grossing film of 1976 , and went on to win three Oscars , including Best Picture . The film received many positive reviews and turned Stallone into a major star . In 2006 , the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being `` culturally , historically or aesthetically significant '' . Rocky is considered to be one of the greatest sports films ever made and was ranked as the second-best in the genre , after Raging Bull , by the American Film Institute in 2008 . The film has spawned six sequels : Rocky II ( 1979 ) , Rocky III ( 1982 ) , Rocky IV ( 1985 ) , Rocky V ( 1990 ) , Rocky Balboa ( 2006 ) and Creed ( 2015 ) . Stallone portrays Rocky in all six sequels , wrote the first five , and directed four ( Avildsen returned to direct Rocky V and Ryan Coogler directed Creed ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53b4cc5deca0f47680ea33969b783dc2", "text": "127 Hours 127 Hours is a 2010 British-American biographical survival drama film directed , co-written , and produced by Danny Boyle . The film stars James Franco as Aron Ralston . In 127 Hours , canyoneer Aron Ralston becomes trapped by a boulder in an isolated slot canyon in Blue John Canyon , southeastern Utah , in April 2003 . It is a British and American venture produced by Everest Entertainment , Film4 Productions , HandMade Films and Cloud Eight Films . The film , based on Ralston 's memoir Between a Rock and a Hard Place ( 2004 ) , was written by Boyle and Simon Beaufoy , produced by Christian Colson and John Smithson , and scored by A. R. Rahman . Beaufoy , Colson , and Rahman had all previously worked with Boyle on Slumdog Millionaire ( 2008 ) . 127 Hours was well received by critics and audiences , and was nominated for six Academy Awards , including Best Actor for Franco and Best Picture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d802d946a40bced5e35c74cf303e473", "text": "The Glory Guys The Glory Guys is a 1965 American film based on the novel The Dice of God by Hoffman Birney . Filmed by Levy-Gardner-Laven and released by United Artists , it stars Tom Tryon , Harve Presnell , Senta Berger , James Caan , and Michael Anderson , Jr. . The film 's screenplay was written by Sam Peckinpah long before the 1965 film was made . The director was Arnold Laven . Riz Ortolani composed the score and the title song . Though a fictionalized Western based on George Armstrong Custer 's 7th Cavalry Regiment at the Battle of the Little Big Horn , the film is almost a generic war story covering the enlistment , training , and operational deployment of a group of recruits that could take place in any time period . The large-scale film was made in Durango , Mexico , with large numbers of mounted extras and the final battle scene choreographed on 20000 acre of land . The titles were drawn by Joseph Mugnaini for Format Productions . Cover versions of the title song were done by Al Caiola and sung by Frankie Laine .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06475d60c5cdf7dadd1ef6e47c4fbe80", "text": "Cheyenne Rides Again Cheyenne Rides Again is a 1937 western film directed by Robert F. Hill . It stars Tom Tyler and Lon Chaney Jr. . Much as did Alfred Hitchcock in his own films , director Hill appears in a cameo as townsman `` Bartender Ed '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1113b7cce715675d24f94b6ce86ac447", "text": "Tom Hardy Edward Thomas Hardy ( born 15 September 1977 ) is an English actor and producer . His motion picture debut was in Ridley Scott 's 2001 action film Black Hawk Down . Hardy 's other notable films include the science fiction film Star Trek : Nemesis ( 2002 ) , the crime film RocknRolla ( 2008 ) , biographical psychological drama Bronson ( 2008 ) , sports drama Warrior ( 2011 ) , Cold War espionage film Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy ( 2011 ) , crime drama Lawless ( 2012 ) , drama Locke ( 2013 ) , mobster film The Drop ( 2014 ) , and the biographical western thriller The Revenant ( 2015 ) , for which he received an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor . He portrayed `` Mad '' Max Rockatansky in the post-apocalyptic film Mad Max : Fury Road ( 2015 ) , and both of the Kray twins in the crime thriller Legend ( 2015 ) . He has appeared in three Christopher Nolan films : the science fiction thriller Inception ( 2010 ) , portrayed Bane in the superhero film The Dark Knight Rises ( 2012 ) , and the action-thriller Dunkirk ( 2017 ) based on the British evacuation in World War II . Hardy 's television roles include the HBO war drama miniseries Band of Brothers ( 2001 ) , the BBC historical drama miniseries The Virgin Queen ( 2005 ) , ITV 's Wuthering Heights ( 2008 ) , the Sky 1 drama series The Take ( 2009 ) , and the BBC historical crime drama television series Peaky Blinders ( 2013 ) . He created , co-produced and took the lead in the eight-part historical fiction series Taboo ( 2017 ) on BBC One and FX . Hardy has performed on both British and American stages . He was nominated for the Laurence Olivier Award for Most Promising Newcomer for his role as Skank in the 2003 production of In Arabia We 'd All Be Kings , and was awarded the 2003 London Evening Standard Theatre Award for Outstanding Newcomer for his performances in both In Arabia We 'd All be Kings and for his role as Luca in Blood . He starred in the 2007 production of The Man of Mode and received positive reviews for his role in the 2010 Philip Seymour Hoffman-directed play The Long Red Road .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3f6519f987a51de801c69c032c8d8bf", "text": "Love in the Rough Love in the Rough is a 1930 American Pre-Code comedy film directed by Charles Reisner and written by Sarah Y. Mason , Joseph Farnham and Robert E. Hopkins . The film stars Robert Montgomery , Dorothy Jordan , Benny Rubin , J. C. Nugent , Penny Singleton and Tyrell Davis . Also a musical , it is a remake of the 1927 silent comedy Spring Fever . The film was released on September 6 , 1930 , by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42e2f6944c873deb43de8431c00aa8c9", "text": "The Man from Down Under The Man from Down Under is an American 1943 drama film starring Charles Laughton as a man who raises two war orphans . It was called `` Hollywood 's first full-length film dealing exclusively with Australia and Australians '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "550c68a373af0337f9959415d4ece73e", "text": "Cool Hand Luke Cool Hand Luke is a 1967 American prison drama film directed by Stuart Rosenberg , starring Paul Newman and featuring George Kennedy in an Oscar-winning performance . Newman stars in the title role as Luke , a prisoner in a Florida prison camp who refuses to submit to the system . The film , set in the early 1950s , is based on Donn Pearce 's 1965 novel of the same name . Pearce sold the story to Warner Bros. , who then hired him to write the script . Due to Pearce 's lack of film experience , the studio added Frank Pierson to rework the screenplay . Newman 's biographer Marie Edelman Borden states that the `` tough , honest '' script drew together threads from earlier movies , especially Hombre , Newman 's earlier film of 1967 . The film has been cited by Roger Ebert as an anti-establishment film which was shot during the time of the Vietnam War , in which Newman 's character endures `` physical punishment , psychological cruelty , hopelessness and equal parts of sadism and masochism . '' His influence on his prison mates and the torture that he endures is compared to that of Jesus , and Christian symbolism is used throughout the film , culminating in a photograph superimposed over crossroads at the end of the film in comparison to the crucifixion . Filming took place on the San Joaquin River Delta , and the set , imitating a southern prison farm , was built in Stockton , California . The filmmakers sent a crew to Tavares Road Prison in Tavares , Florida , to take photographs and measurements . Upon its release , Cool Hand Luke received favorable reviews and became a box-office success . The film cemented Newman 's status as one of the era 's top box-office actors , while the film was described as the `` touchstone of an era . '' Newman was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor , George Kennedy won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor , Pearce and Pierson were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay , and the score by Lalo Schifrin was also nominated for the Best Original Score . In 2005 , the United States Library of Congress selected it for the National Film Registry , considering it to be `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant . '' It has a 100 % rating on the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes . The quotation used by the prison warden ( Strother Martin ) in the film , which begins with `` What we 've got here is failure to communicate , '' was listed at No. 11 on the American Film Institute 's list of the 100 most memorable movie lines .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "62af8f799649205188d2a460ede223d7", "text": "Rough Magic Rough Magic is a 1995 comedy film directed by Clare Peploe , starring Bridget Fonda and Russell Crowe . It was based on a novel by James Hadley Chase called Miss Shumway Waves a Wand , with the screenplay written by Robert Mundi , William Brookfield , and Clare Peploe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8fea465fcabb398c9acd0286f1eafcea", "text": "Luv (play) Luv is a play by Murray Schisgal . A mix of absurdist humor and traditional Broadway comedy in the Neil Simon vein , Luv concerns two college friends - misfit Harry and materialistic Milt - who are reunited when the latter stops the former from jumping off a bridge , the play 's setting . Each discovers the other is equally miserable as they share hard-luck stories . Milt sees in Harry an answer to his primary problem - his wife Ellen , who he tries to foist on his old pal so he can run off with his mistress . After twenty-eight previews , the Broadway production , directed by Mike Nichols , opened on November 11 , 1964 at the Booth Theatre . It transferred to the Broadhurst and then the now-demolished Helen Hayes before completing its run of 901 performances . It won the Tony Award for Best Director , Best Producer ( Claire Nichtern ) and Best Scenic Design ( Oliver Smith ) . Alan Arkin , Eli Wallach , and Anne Jackson comprised the original cast . Barbara Bel Geddes , Larry Blyden , Gene Wilder , and Gabriel Dell were among the replacement performers later in the run . The 1967 film version , directed by Clive Donner and starring Jack Lemmon , Peter Falk , and Elaine May , added various locations and extraneous characters . Reviews criticized Donner 's heavy-handed approach to the material and the miscasting of the three leads , and it proved to be a commercial failure . Harrison Ford has an uncredited role as a hippie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ba79b6132cccd824a07d9701c986249", "text": "O Brother, Where Art Thou? O Brother , Where Art Thou ? is a 2000 adventure film written , produced , and directed by Joel and Ethan Coen , and starring George Clooney , John Turturro , and Tim Blake Nelson , with John Goodman , Holly Hunter , and Charles Durning in supporting roles . Set in 1937 rural Mississippi during the Great Depression , the film 's story is a modern satire loosely based on Homer 's epic poem , Odyssey . The title of the film is a reference to the 1941 film Sullivan 's Travels , in which the protagonist ( a director ) wants to film O Brother , Where Art Thou ? , a fictional book about the Great Depression . Much of the music used in the film is period folk music , including that of Virginia bluegrass singer Ralph Stanley . The movie was one of the first to extensively use digital color correction , to give the film an autumnal , sepia-tinted look . The film received positive reviews , and the American folk music soundtrack won a Grammy for Album of the Year in 2001 . The original band soon became popular after the film release and the country and folk musicians who were dubbed into the film , such as John Hartford , Alison Krauss , Emmylou Harris , Gillian Welch , Chris Sharp , and others , joined together to perform the music from the film in a Down from the Mountain concert tour which was filmed for TV and DVD .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "48a8b0fed7b33c840440e6fd7298ccca", "text": "Easy Rider Easy Rider is a 1969 American road movie written by Peter Fonda , Dennis Hopper , and Terry Southern , produced by Fonda and directed by Hopper . It tells the story of two bikers ( played by Fonda and Hopper ) who travel through the American Southwest and South after selling a large score of cocaine . The success of Easy Rider helped spark the New Hollywood era of filmmaking during the early 1970s . The film was added to the Library of Congress National Film Registry in 1998 . A landmark counterculture film , and a `` touchstone for a generation '' that `` captured the national imagination '' , Easy Rider explores the societal landscape , issues , and tensions in the United States during the 1960s , such as the rise and fall of the hippie movement , drug use , and communal lifestyle . In Easy Rider , real drugs were used in scenes showing the use of marijuana and other substances .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e3e74384b80bcb633db0303e1213dd45", "text": "Man from Reno (film) Man from Reno is a 2014 film starring Ayako Fujitani and directed by Dave Boyle .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b56dcd1d29fd4d1a6952aec8adfb578d", "text": "Felt, Oklahoma Felt is a small unincorporated community and census-designated place ( CDP ) in Cimarron County , Oklahoma , United States . As of the 2010 census it had a population of 93 . It was named for C.F.W. Felt of the Santa Fe Railroad . Nearby is the Cedar Breaks Archeological District . The community is served by a post office ( established July 16 , 1926 ) and a school . Felt is located in southwestern Cimarron County , near the western end of the Oklahoma Panhandle . U.S. Routes 56 , 64 , and 412 pass through the community , leading northeast 20 mi to Boise City , the Cimarron County seat , and southwest 24 mi to Clayton , New Mexico .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "5e0cb67809f0d6922b858d0287bc43b0", "text": "Michael Jackson Michael Joseph Jackson ( August 29 , 1958 -- June 25 , 2009 ) was an American singer , songwriter , record producer , dancer , actor , and philanthropist . Called the `` King of Pop '' , his contributions to music , dance , and fashion along with his publicized personal life made him a global figure in popular culture for over four decades . The eighth child of the Jackson family , Michael made his professional debut in 1964 with his elder brothers Jackie , Tito , Jermaine , and Marlon as a member of the Jackson 5 . He began his solo career in 1971 . In the early 1980s , Jackson became a dominant figure in popular music . His music videos , including those of `` Beat It '' , `` Billie Jean '' , and `` Thriller '' from his 1982 album Thriller , are credited with breaking racial barriers and transforming the medium into an art form and promotional tool . The popularity of these videos helped bring the television channel MTV to fame . Jackson 's 1987 album Bad spawned the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles `` I Just Ca n't Stop Loving You '' , `` Bad '' , `` The Way You Make Me Feel '' , `` Man in the Mirror '' , and `` Dirty Diana '' , becoming the first album to have five number-one singles on the Billboard Hot 100 . He continued to innovate with videos such as `` Black or White '' and `` Scream '' throughout the 1990s , and forged a reputation as a touring solo artist . Through stage and video performances , Jackson popularized a number of complicated dance techniques , such as the robot and the moonwalk , to which he gave the name . His distinctive sound and style has influenced numerous artists of various music genres . Thriller is the best-selling album of all time , with estimated sales of 65 million copies worldwide . Jackson 's other albums , including Off the Wall ( 1979 ) , Bad ( 1987 ) , Dangerous ( 1991 ) , and HIStory ( 1995 ) , also rank among the world 's best-selling albums . He is recognized as the Most Successful Entertainer of All Time by Guinness World Records . Jackson is one of the few artists to have been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame twice , and was also inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame and the Dance Hall of Fame as the only dancer from pop and rock music . His other achievements include multiple Guinness World Records , 13 Grammy Awards , the Grammy Legend Award , the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award , 26 American Music Awards -- more than any other artist -- including the `` Artist of the Century '' and `` Artist of the 1980s '' , 13 number-one singles in the United States during his solo career -- more than any other male artist in the Hot 100 era -- and estimated sales of over 350 million records worldwide . Jackson won hundreds of awards , making him the most awarded recording artist in the history of popular music . He became the first artist in history to have a top ten single in the Billboard Hot 100 in five different decades when `` Love Never Felt So Good '' reached number nine on May 21 , 2014 . Jackson traveled the world attending events honoring his humanitarianism , and , in 2000 , the Guinness World Records recognized him for supporting 39 charities , more than any other entertainer . Aspects of Jackson 's personal life , including his changing appearance , personal relationships , and behavior , generated controversy . In 1993 , he was accused of child sexual abuse , but the civil case was settled out of court for an undisclosed amount and no formal charges were brought . In 2005 , he was tried and acquitted of further child sexual abuse allegations and several other charges after the jury found him not guilty on all counts . While preparing for his comeback concert series , This Is It , Jackson died of acute propofol and benzodiazepine intoxication on June 25 , 2009 , after suffering from cardiac arrest . The Los Angeles County Coroner ruled his death a homicide , and his personal physician , Conrad Murray , was convicted of involuntary manslaughter . Jackson 's death triggered a global outpouring of grief , and a live broadcast of his public memorial service was viewed around the world . Forbes ranks Jackson the top-earning dead celebrity , with earnings of $ 825 million in 2016 , the highest yearly amount ever recorded by the publication .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "cc7ae452c762147d2a85f605c044fcf6", "text": "La Toya: Growing Up in the Jackson Family La Toya : Growing up in the Jackson Family is an autobiography written by American singer La Toya Jackson , and co-authored by celebrity biography author Patricia Romanowski . The book was originally released on February 7 , 1991 , around the same time as Jackson 's seventh studio album No Relations . In this autobiography , Jackson accuses her father , Joseph , of child abuse , and goes into detail on the personal lives of her superstar siblings Michael and Janet as well as Jermaine , Randy , Tito , and Rebbie Jackson 's struggle under the spotlight . The Jackson family denied all of her allegations . At the time the book was written , Jackson was married to her reportedly abusive manager Jack Gordon , who she now accuses of inserting his own stories into her autobiography to embarrass her family and make her appear to be a `` drama queen '' . Jackson reunited with her family in the late 1990s after leaving Gordon . On her interview with Larry King in 2003 she said that she respectfully accepted her father 's apologies for the way he treated her and her siblings as children . The autobiography was re-issued under various titles throughout the 1990s . The original hardcover edition spent several weeks atop the New York Times Bestseller List . In the weeks leading up to the release of the book , Gordon ordered that the transcript be kept in a high-security vault out of fear that the Jackson family would attempt to sabotage the project .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e7cd16634b01dc8faf6a6e486278b14f", "text": "A Collection of Michael Jackson's Oldies A Collection of Michael Jackson 's Oldies is a compilation of the Motown Records released on December 8 , 1972 , with songs by Michael Jackson and The Jackson 5 that were made between 1969 and 1972 . It was only published in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3c9bd1462a91c4f0ea21d68d7f3a1ca", "text": "Come Back to Me (Janet Jackson song) `` Come Back to Me '' is a song by American singer Janet Jackson from her fourth studio album Janet Jackson 's Rhythm Nation 1814 ( 1989 ) . It was written by Jackson , while James Harris III , and Terry Lewis co-wrote and produced the song . The R&B ballad talks about a lover trying to rekindle a romance that faded away a long time ago . It was released as the fifth single from the album in June 18 , 1990 . Jackson also recorded a Spanish version of the song titled `` Vuelve a Mí '' . The song received positive reviews from most music critics , who praised Jackson 's sweet delivery and the song 's instrumentation ; it was also called a sexy and silky ballad . It became a commercial success on the charts , reaching the top three in Canada and the United States , while also reaching the top twenty in the United Kingdom . The music video for the song was directed by Dominic Sena and it was set in Paris . The romantic video features Jackson 's former husband René Elizondo , Jr. . Jackson has performed the track in all of her tours , with the exception of The Velvet Rope Tour ( 1998 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "78e1436e2e6da6f0d9a532483a021ad8", "text": "Just a Little While `` Just a Little While '' is a song by American recording artist Janet Jackson , released as the lead single from her eighth studio album , Damita Jo ( 2004 ) . Written by Jackson and Dallas Austin , the song fuses pop with elements of rock , dance , and funk , and is a reflection of Jackson 's new-found happiness . The song leaked ahead of its scheduled release , causing Jackson 's record company to rush with a music video and promotion . It was released following Jackson 's controversial Super Bowl Halftime Show performance incident on February 2 , 2004 , as the lead single from Damita Jo . `` Just a Little While '' received favorable reception from critics , who felt its elements of rock and dance-pop would ensure success . However , following the Super Bowl incident , Jackson 's singles and music videos were blacklisted on many radio formats and music channels worldwide , affecting the song 's performance . Although its success in the US was limited , peaking at number 45 on the Billboard Hot 100 , it peaked atop the Hot Dance Club Songs chart . Internationally , it was more successful , reaching the top ten in Belgium , Canada , and Spain and the top twenty in Australia and The United Kingdom . It peaked at number one in Japan for five weeks , and was the year 's second-biggest hit on Japan 's international airplay chart . The song 's music video , directed by Dave Meyers , was released exclusively in international territories due to the controversy surrounding Jackson at the time . It portrays Jackson filming a DVD for her boyfriend in a futuristic apartment setting , displaying her multiple personae . An alternate live video , filmed in London , was included on Jackson 's From janet . to Damita Jo compilation . Jackson performed the song on television shows including Top of the Pops , Hey ! Hey ! Hey ! , and Festivalbar .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a988cb666c7083bb5d169eef1e2558a5", "text": "Free the World `` Free the World '' is a single by American singer La Toya Jackson . Jackson spent six years in seclusion after divorcing her abusive late ex-husband and manager , Jack Gordon , in 1997 . After her years in exile , the September 11th attacks inspired Jackson to write `` Free the World '' . She recorded and performed it for friends , who immediately fell in love with it . This led to the revival of Jackson 's 25-year-old music career . This song led Jackson to begin work on her Startin ' Over album , which included the 2004 Billboard chart hit `` Just Wan na Dance '' as the lead single . `` Free the World '' was released as a follow-up and charted in March 2005 . The single peaked at # 24 on the Billboard Hot Dance Club Play charts . The song is an appeal to free the world from segregation , discrimination and years of war . VH1 described the ballad as the `` most appropriate song for the world . '' About.com dubbed Jason Randolph 's remix a `` trippily hypnotic treat '' with a `` churning rhythm track and mesmerizing synth . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e6313d47017a915bdc913b42decf322", "text": "The Remix Suite The Remix Suite ( digital title : Michael Jackson : The Remix Suite ) is a compilation of remixed hits by Michael Jackson . Although labeled as a Michael Jackson release , the majority of remixes are of hits during his tenure with The Jackson 5 . Starting from August 25 , five remixes each were released digitally as `` suites '' via iTunes , AmazonMP3 and Rhapsody every two weeks . It is the fifth album to be released since Jackson 's death . The first suite leaked online two weeks before its intended digital release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "059b43558003c53d189f8033c901c5d6", "text": "Victory Tour (The Jacksons tour) The Victory Tour was a concert tour of the United States and Canada by Michael Jackson and The Jackson family between July and December 1984 . It was the first and only tour with all six Jackson brothers ( even though Jackie was injured for most of the tour ) . The group performed 55 concerts to an audience of approximately 2 million . Most came to see Michael , whose album Thriller was dominating the popular music world at the time . Many consider it to be his Thriller tour , with most of the songs on the set list coming off of his Off the Wall album and from the Thriller album . The tour reportedly grossed approximately $ 75 million ( US$ in dollars ) and set a new record for the highest grossing tour . It showcased Michael 's single decorated glove , black sequined jacket and moonwalk . Despite its focus on Michael , it was named after the newly released Jacksons ' album Victory although none of the album 's songs were performed . Marlon confirmed this was because Michael refused to rehearse or perform them ; in fact , he had only reluctantly joined his brothers , who needed the income while he himself did not . On the tour , tensions between Michael and his brothers increased to the point that he announced at the final show that it would be the last time they would perform together , ending plans for a European leg . The Jacksons did make money from the tour , along with promoter Don King . Michael donated his share to several charities as he had promised before it , but the rancour between him and his brothers had a deep and lasting effect on the Jacksons as a family , alienating him from them for most of his later life and it effectively ended the Jacksons as a performing group . The tour was also a financial disaster for promoter Chuck Sullivan , who along with his father Billy was eventually forced to sell the New England Patriots football team they owned , along with Foxboro Stadium , the team 's home field , as a result of the losses he incurred .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c8dcb5c884e5ac088e517f26a0d4987", "text": "Michael Jackson (linebacker) Michael Jackson ( born July 15 , 1957 ) is a former professional American football player who played linebacker in eight NFL seasons for the Seattle Seahawks . Jackson was born in Pasco , Washington . A 1975 graduate of Pasco High School , he has enjoyed greater success and accumulated more career achievements than any other Bulldog . A three-year/three-sport letterman , he was the team captain in both football and baseball while garnering All-State honors and receiving the Denning Award for Outstanding Athlete by the Pasco Jaycees as a senior . At the University of Washington , Jackson earned four varsity letters and was named to their All-Centennial Football Team . He was also selected as the Inland Empire Amateur Athlete of the Year in 1977 , a season in which he helped lead the Huskies to the Rose Bowl . The eyes of the nation were on him during that game as he made a vital end zone interception that helped seal Washington 's victory over the University of Michigan . Jackson holds several defensive school records for the Huskies , including single season ( 210 ) and career ( 569 ) tackles . Among the several honors he received for the U of W include Sports Illustrated Player of the Week ( 11-12-77 ) , Husky Team Captain ( 1978 ) , All Pac-8 & Pac-10 Linebacker ( 1977 -- 78 ) and several All-American selections . In 1979 , he was selected by the Seattle Seahawks in the third round of the NFL Draft , where he began an eight-year career as a starting linebacker . One of the team 's all-time defensive greats , he led the Seahawks in tackles for a number of seasons and is among the career leaders in that category . He also earned 21 game balls for his outstanding play and has received numerous other awards including team MVP , Most Improved Player and the Seattle P.I. 's Sports Star of the Year . Jackson is active off the field with charities including the March of Dimes , Special Olympics , and the United Way . He has had 14 movie and television roles and was voted into the Pasco High School Hall of Fame in 1996 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "72624258d58807ba85fe8f6238ca0eb8", "text": "Basic Instinct Basic Instinct is a 1992 neo-noir erotic thriller film directed by Paul Verhoeven and written by Joe Eszterhas , and starring Michael Douglas and Sharon Stone . The film follows a police detective , Nick Curran ( Douglas ) , who is investigating the brutal murder of a wealthy rock star . During the investigation Curran becomes involved in a torrid and intense relationship with the prime suspect , Catherine Tramell ( Stone ) , an enigmatic writer . Even before its release , Basic Instinct generated heated controversy due to its overt sexuality and graphic depiction of violence . It was strongly opposed by gay rights activists , who criticized the film 's depiction of homosexual relationships and the portrayal of a bisexual woman as a murderous narcissistic psychopath . In a 2006 interview , Stone alleged that the infamous leg-crossing scene in which her vulva was exposed was filmed without her knowledge . Despite initial critical negativity and public protest , Basic Instinct became one of the most financially successful films of the 1990s , grossing $ 352 million worldwide . Several versions of the film have been released on videocassette , DVD , and Blu-ray including a director 's cut with extended footage previously unseen in North American cinemas . The film has contemporarily been recognized for its groundbreaking depictions of sexuality in mainstream Hollywood cinema , and has been referred to by scholars as `` a neo-noir masterpiece that plays with , and transgresses , the narrative rules of film noir . '' A 2006 sequel , Basic Instinct 2 starring Stone was made without Verhoeven 's involvement , but received negative reviews from critics and was unsuccessful at the box office .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee5f3fd9ce4a5659b4a61826101ba52e", "text": "Michael Jackson's Vision Michael Jackson 's Vision is a deluxe DVD box set by American recording artist Michael Jackson . It was released on November 22 , 2010 by Epic Records , Legacy Recordings , and Jackson 's own label , MJJ Productions . It includes three DVDs , featuring 4.5 hours of content of 42 music videos with newly restored color and remastered audio . Jackson referred to each of these productions as a `` short film '' and not a music video . This is the first time that all of Jackson 's videos have been released on DVD . According to a statement by the producers , the video recognizes Jackson 's `` pioneering short films that transformed the entertainment industry with timeless , pop culture classics '' . Disc one features videos from the albums Off the Wall , Thriller and Bad and disc two features videos from the albums Dangerous , HIStory : Past , Present and Future , Book I , Blood on the Dance Floor : HIStory in the Mix and Invincible . The third disc , which is a bonus disc , features seven videos . Michael Jackson 's Vision includes the full-length versions of the John Landis-directed `` Thriller '' and `` Black or White '' as well as the classic `` Bad '' directed by Academy Award winning filmmaker Martin Scorsese . Also included in the boxed set are Jackson 's collaborations with other noted film directors such as John Singleton , Spike Lee and David Fincher as well as `` Ghosts , '' his rarely seen collaboration with special effects legend Stan Winston . Michael Jackson 's Vision is available in a limited edition boxed set featuring a 60-page glossy hard-bound book that includes behind-the-scenes photos from Jackson 's videos , which includes information for each video including : songwriter , album , director , production date , location and photography . Ten music videos previously unavailable on DVD including `` One More Chance '' are included . It was also released on the iTunes Store and has iTunes LP features . The videos `` Smooth Criminal '' , `` Speed Demon '' , `` Come Together '' , and `` Leave Me Alone '' come from Jackson 's 1988 film Moonwalker . The `` Smooth Criminal '' segment is actually over 40 minutes long but only the 10-minute song and dance scene is featured . The video `` Another Part of Me '' is from Jackson 's Bad World Tour and `` Will You Be There '' is from the Dangerous World Tour . The `` HIStory '' video is the only short film that is not included in this box set . The original music video of `` Blood on the Dance Floor '' is replaced with the Refugee Camp Mix for unknown reasons . The videos for The Jacksons ' songs `` Torture '' and `` Body '' are also not included , because Michael did not appear in either of them , despite having a verse in each of them . Also not included is the music video for The Jacksons ' `` 2300 Jackson Street '' . On February 15 , 2011 , Michael Jackson 's Vision was certified 5 × Platinum by RIAA for the sales of over 0.5 million units in the United States . On December 31 , 2010 , it was also certified Diamond in France ( for the sales of over 60 000 units ) and 2 × Platinum in Australia . On May 29 , 2011 , it was also certified Gold in New Zealand . It has been also certified Gold in Austria and Platinum in Poland . Reception over the video and audio quality of the box set has been mixed . As the videos are played in 16:9 , videos with a 4:3 aspect ratio are pillarboxed and as a result the resolution is lower than some previous DVDs . Also , the audio is mixed in PCM stereo instead of 5.1 Surround as in many previous DVDs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d9fd9a34827d5bb0dffc18bbcb0a817", "text": "Night and Day (Joe Jackson album) Night and Day is Joe Jackson 's fifth album , released in June 1982 . It reached the Top 5 in both the UK and US , Jackson 's only studio album to do so . It sold over one million copies , earning platinum disc status . The album pays tribute to the wit and style of Cole Porter ( and indirectly to New York ) . The track `` Real Men '' pointed obliquely to the city 's early 1980s gay culture . `` Steppin ' Out '' earned Grammy nominations for Record of the Year and Best Pop Vocal Performance , Male . It reached # 6 on both the UK and the US charts . `` Breaking Us in Two '' reached # 18 in the US and # 59 in the UK .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "79e8378d8b439f54f15dc09f2d15ca34", "text": "Torture (The Jacksons song) `` Torture '' is the second single released off the album Victory by the band , The Jacksons . Written by Jackie Jackson and fellow Motown veteran Kathy Wakefield , the song is about someone ending a relationship and the torture that a person can receive while trying to end it . Jackie was originally going to sing the song with his brother , Michael , but Jackie 's role instead went to Jermaine Jackson , whose availability for the album was in question until the last minute . The rest of the Jacksons sang the chorus along with Michael and Jermaine . The song received mixed reactions from critics . The video was probably best known for Michael not being available , and the use of a wax dummy in his place throughout the video . Paula Abdul replaced Perri Lister as the video 's choreographer , in which various scenes of torture are displayed with the Jacksons being on the receiving end of most of it . The shoot was an expensive and arduous affair that neither Michael nor Jermaine took part in , and it ultimately bankrupted the production company . The song peaked at # 17 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart , making it the second best selling single on the album , behind `` State of Shock '' . It also peaked at # 26 on the UK charts . This was their last single to reach the US Top 40 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e38015099cd6932690fb25c19033d33", "text": "Sony/ATV Music Publishing Sony/ATV Music Publishing LLC is an American music publishing company owned by Sony through Sony Entertainment . The company was founded as a division of Associated Television ( ATV ) in 1955 by Lew Grade . In 1985 , Michael Jackson acquired ATV Music Publishing for $ 47.5 million . Paul McCartney , who had told Jackson about the importance of owning publishing , admitted he felt somewhat undercut by the purchase , because ATV Music Publishing owned the publishing rights to most of The Beatles ' songs , although he did not enter the bidding when it came up for sale in 1984 . In December 1995 , Michael Jackson agreed to merge ATV Music Publishing with Sony Music Publishing , a division of Sony Corporation , to form Sony/ATV Music Publishing . In 2012 an investor consortium led by Sony/ATV Music Publishing acquired EMI Music Publishing for approximately $ 2.2 billion . Sony/ATV Music Publishing and EMI Music Publishing now operate as one company , with the former entity administering the catalogue of the latter under a complex business structure . Following the acquisition , the company became the largest music publisher in the world , with a library of over two million songs under its administration . On March 14 , 2016 , Sony announced that it had reached a deal to acquire the Jackson estate 's stake in the company . The deal was completed on September 30 , 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd348be8ba90c2709061561302644188", "text": "Giving Victims a Voice Giving Victims a Voice is a report published in January 2013 , relating to allegations of sexual abuse made against English DJ and BBC Television presenter Jimmy Savile ( 1926 -- 2011 ) as part of the Operation Yewtree criminal investigation . It was initiated as a result of publicity surrounding the Jimmy Savile sexual abuse scandal . The Metropolitan Police Service ( MPS ) and the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children ( NSPCC ) jointly produced this report . It marked the end of investigations made under the operation regarding Savile alone . The scandal resulted in hundreds of alleged victims of Savile and other abusers approaching the police and the NSPCC . Their claims were investigated and formed the basis of the report , which found that Savile 's alleged offences were committed across England and Scotland , in hospitals , prison facilities , schools and BBC premises . Offences were reported between 1955 and 2009 , totalling 214 alleged offences across 28 police forces . The most frequent alleged offending coincided with Savile 's peak celebrity status . Numbers of alleged victims totalled 450 , of whom 328 were minors at the time . They were aged between 8 and 47 years , majority being 1316 . The Director of Public Prosecutions ( DPP ) described the report as marking a `` watershed moment '' and apologised for `` shortcomings '' in the handling of prior abuse claims . The report 's publication resulted in some highlighting what could be systemic failure because of the number of complainants and institutions identified , but others criticised it for treating allegations as facts . The DPP 's Principal Legal Advisor concluded that Savile could have been prosecuted for offences against at least three victims during his lifetime . After the report , investigations were further initiated in other hospitals . Ex-Metropolitan Police Commissioner Peter Spindler ( who had previously led Operation Yewtree ) estimated that there may be many more victims who had not come forward .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "defa61efb12976861a4074d827895caa", "text": "Turbulent Indigo Turbulent Indigo is the fifteenth album by Canadian singer-songwriter Joni Mitchell . Released in 1994 , it won a Grammy Award for Pop Album of the Year . John Milward , writing for Rolling Stone , wrote that it was Mitchell 's `` best album since the mid - '70s '' . The album marked her return to Warner Music ( formerly WEA ) distribution after her previous album , Night Ride Home , was distributed by MCA for its then-newly purchased subsidiary Geffen Records ( which , prior to the sale to MCA , had distributed through WEA ) . The album takes inspiration from the Dutch artist Vincent van Gogh for Mitchell 's self-portrait on the cover . The song `` Turbulent Indigo '' references Van Gogh , while the song `` Magdalene Laundries '' recounts the sufferings of Irish women once consigned to Magdalen Asylums run by the Roman Catholic Church and made to work in the asylum 's laundries . The song `` Not to Blame '' was rumored to be about Mitchell 's singer-songwriting colleague Jackson Browne who was alleged to have beaten his girlfriend , actress Daryl Hannah ; Mitchell denies this . . The song `` Sex Kills '' referenced a number of late 20th century topical issues , including violence , AIDS , global warming and consumerism . , the album has sold 311,000 copies in the US .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a72a3afc328325762718267f60d054fe", "text": "Blue Gangsta `` Blue Gangsta '' is a song by American recording artist Michael Jackson . The song is the 7th track of Jackson 's second posthumous album Xscape . the song was originally written , composed and produced by Jackson and Dr. Freeze during the `` Invincible '' album recording session in 1998 . The song was re-tooled by Timbaland and Jerome `` J-Roc '' Harmon during the recording session in 2013-2014 of the Xscape album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a1f5f33808709ad8e10fd1f05fa9f0ca", "text": "This Is It (concerts) This Is It was a planned residency show of 50 concerts by Michael Jackson at the O2 Arena in London , scheduled to run from July 2009 to March 2010 . The shows were to be Jackson 's first major series of concerts since the HIStory World Tour finished in 1997 . With all concerts sold out , Jackson suffered a cardiac arrest and died less than three weeks before the first concert was scheduled to begin . Jackson announced This Is It at a press conference in the O2 Arena , stating that it would be his final series of concerts in London . AEG Live , the concert promoters , released a promotional video that took up an entire commercial break , setting a record for ITV . Initially only 10 concerts were announced , but following public demand 40 more concerts were added . Ticket sales broke several records and Jackson 's album sales increased following the announcement ; AEG Live estimated that the first 10 dates alone would have earned Jackson approximately # 50 million . In preparation for the concert series , Jackson had been collaborating with high-profile figures including fashion designer Christian Audigier , choreographer Kenny Ortega and bodybuilder Lou Ferrigno . Prior to Jackson 's death , Allgood Entertainment sued Jackson for $ 40 million , claiming that he had breached an exclusivity agreement with them by agreeing to the This Is It concerts . The case was dismissed . After Jackson 's death , AEG Live offered either refunds to ticket holders or a special `` souvenir '' ticket designed by Jackson . The cancelled shows , record-breaking ticket sales and potential for a world tour made This Is It `` the greatest concert -LSB- s -RSB- that never happened . '' Columbia Pictures acquired the footage of the rehearsals and released a concert film , Michael Jackson 's This Is It , accompanied by a compilation album of the same name .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a48ffe7d73552286c79b7ee7d31f2098", "text": "Music and Me (Michael Jackson song) `` Music and Me '' is a 1973 single released by Michael Jackson on the Motown label . It was the singer 's second single release from the album Music & Me . It reached number 29 in the Netherlands and number 49 in Turkey .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f501bca0cd78ba1f30657e298cc11aa4", "text": "List of Billboard 200 number-one albums of 1983 The Billboard 200 , published in Billboard magazine , is a weekly chart that ranks the highest-selling music albums and EPs in the United States . In 1983 , the name of the chart was Top LPs & Tape . Before Nielsen SoundScan began tracking sales in 1991 , Billboard estimated sales from a representative sampling of record stores nationwide , using telephone , fax or messenger service . Data were based on rankings made by the record stores of the best-selling records , not on actual sales figures . There were six number-one albums on this chart in 1983 , including the debut album of the Australian band Men at Work , Business as Usual , which spent the last seven weeks of 1982 and the first eight weeks of 1983 at number one , and was certified quadruple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) in 1984 . Thriller , the sixth studio album by recording artist Michael Jackson , was released on November 1982 . It peaked at number one for twenty-two non-consecutive weeks in 1983 with another fifteen consecutive weeks at the top into the following year , and seven songs from the album became top ten singles between late 1982 and early 1984 . Two of them : `` Billie Jean '' and `` Beat It '' , reached the top position of the Billboard Hot 100 . Thriller won eight Grammy Awards , including Album of the Year at the 26th Grammy Awards , and was the best-selling album of 1983 with more than fifteen million copies sold . In 2008 , twenty-five years after its release , the record was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame , and a few weeks later , it was among twenty-five recordings preserved by the Library of Congress to the National Recording Registry as `` culturally significant '' . Flashdance , the soundtrack to the 1983 musical and romance film of the same name , peaked at number one for two weeks and won the Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture . The two singles released from the album , `` Flashdance ... What a Feeling '' by Irene Cara , and `` Maniac '' by Michael Sembello , reached the top of the singles chart in 1983 . The New York Times considered the British band The Police to be the year 's most influential rock band . Australian , British , and American bands copied the white-reggae formula of their ( The Police 's ) earlier successes . The group released their fifth and final studio album , Synchronicity , in 1983 . The album , a varied accomplished blend of rock , funk , and third-world rhythms , stayed at number one for seventeen weeks and was certified four times platinum by the RIAA in 1984 . Metal Health , the third album by heavy metal band Quiet Riot , peaked at number one for one week , becoming the first heavy metal record to reach the top of the Billboard 200 . Singer-songwriter Lionel Richie released his second album Ca n't Slow Down in 1983 , which spent three weeks at the top and won the Grammy Award for Album of the Year at the 27th Grammy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ecbea0501fdd1379505174d687d49502", "text": "Smooth Criminal `` Smooth Criminal '' is the seventh single from American recording artist Michael Jackson 's 1987 Bad album . The song contains a fast-paced beat intertwined with Jackson 's lyrics about a woman named Annie , who has been violently attacked in her apartment by a `` smooth '' assailant . First broadcast on television as a video in early October , it was released as a single on October 21 , 1988 , and peaked at number seven on the Billboard Hot 100 . It was re-released on April 10 , 2006 , as a part of the Visionary : The Video Singles box set . The re-released Visionary single charted at number 19 in the UK . The song is one of Jackson 's signature songs , and has appeared on numerous greatest hits albums , including Number Ones , The Essential Michael Jackson , Michael Jackson : The Ultimate Collection , King of Pop , This Is It , and Immortal . The song serves as the theme song to Jackson 's 1988 film Moonwalker , and plays as the background soundtrack in a section of the video game Michael Jackson 's Moonwalker .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "217230e2569ebf4ac5aa98020ffba4b1", "text": "Audrey Horne Audrey Horne is a fictional character from the ABC television series Twin Peaks , played by Sherilyn Fenn . The character was created by David Lynch . She was introduced in the pilot . The daughter of Ben ( Richard Beymer ) and Sylvia Horne , sister of Johnny Horne ( Robert Bauer ) and half-sister of Donna Hayward ( Lara Flynn Boyle ) , her storylines focused on her infatuation with the series protagonist Dale Cooper ( Kyle MacLachlan ) , infiltrating the brothel/casino One Eyed Jacks and becoming an activist through civil disobedience .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "181a8cd897226837d64cbe7ad3d1a9a8", "text": "Pilot (Twin Peaks) The pilot episode , also known as Northwest Passage , of the mystery television series Twin Peaks premiered on the ABC Network on Sunday , April 8 , 1990 . It was written by series creators Mark Frost and David Lynch , and directed by Lynch . The pilot follows the characters of Dale Cooper and Harry S. Truman as they investigate the death of popular high school student Laura Palmer ; Cooper believes the murder has connections to a murder case that occurred a year earlier . In addition to setting the tone for the show , the episode sets up several character and story arcs and marked the appearance of several recurring characters . The episode received a strong Nielsen household rating compared to other season one episodes and was well received by fans and critics alike . The original title for the series was Northwest Passage , but this was later changed .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "d5fb0ed1b8129ac130971b32f0cbcf09", "text": "Gardens of the World with Audrey Hepburn Gardens of the World with Audrey Hepburn is a 1990s documentary television series filmed on location in some of the world 's most beautiful , noteworthy gardens , hosted by Audrey Hepburn , who also co-narrates the series with Michael York . Her Emmy for Outstanding Individual Achievement − Informational Programming was awarded posthumously . A one-hour introductory special premiered on PBS in March , 1991 ; the premiere of six half-hour episodes began on January 24 , 1993 . Two further episodes along with a re-release of the six-part series by Home & Garden Television premiered in January , 1996 . The series was shown internationally in more than 30 countries . A DVD of all 8 programs was released in 1999 ; in September 2006 , an extended DVD edition was released . Audrey Hepburn 's principal photography was filmed in the spring and summer of 1990 in exemplary public and private gardens in England , France , Italy , Japan , Netherlands , Dominican Republic & U.S.A. From her home in Tolochenaz , Switzerland that summer Hepburn wrote her foreword to the companion book for the series . She loved nature and gardens and saw a rare opportunity to bring forth their beauty in a poetic , meaningful way . Her life partner Robert Wolders was with Hepburn throughout the production : `` It became an intensely personal and creative process for her . She immersed herself in not only the beauty of the gardens , but also in their origins and evolution . '' In January 1991 , Hepburn recorded her voice over narration in Los Angeles and graced the cover of House & Garden magazine , U.S. edition . In New York on March 6 , 1991 , Cartier honored Audrey Hepburn and Gardens of the World with a High Tea reception at their Fifth Avenue Mansion ; the following day , Ralph Lauren at 72nd Street hosted the occasion of her book signing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b94a8632159043e4f7deef2a49e46b82", "text": "Empire (2015 TV series) Empire is an American musical drama television series created by Lee Daniels and Danny Strong which debuted on January 7 , 2015 on Fox . Although it is filmed in Chicago , the show is set in New York . It centers on a fictional hip hop music and entertainment company , Empire Entertainment , and the drama among the members of the founders ' family as they fight for control of it . On January 15 , 2016 , the series was renewed for a third season , which premiered on September 21 , 2016 . On January 11 , 2017 , Fox renewed the series for a fourth season , consisting of eighteen episodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1dc51542ea942743bacb2c1a868d5e81", "text": "Hannah Montana (season 1) The first season of the television series Hannah Montana was aired on Disney Channel from March 24 , 2006 to March 30 , 2007 , and included 26 episodes . It introduces the five main characters of the series and Miley Stewart 's situation of living a secret double life as a teen pop star . The season also introduces several significant recurring characters such as Roxy Roker , Jake Ryan , and Rico Suave . The season 's soundtrack was released on October 24 , 2006 under the title Hannah Montana '' . The season itself was released on DVD as a four disc set on November 18 , 2008 , by Disney DVD . Certain individual episodes had been released earlier on other Hannah Montana DVDs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5c466744d971f086da5aa6b0dc26281", "text": "Rich Kids of Beverly Hills Rich Kids of Beverly Hills ( stylized as #RichKids of Beverly Hills ) is an American reality television series that premiered on E! , on January 19 , 2014 . The series focuses on the lives of a group of twenty-something millionaires and billionaires ( by inheritance ) showcasing their lives .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7677d37384754accaa19a98912052c0d", "text": "April Ludgate April Roberta Ludgate-Dwyer ( portrayed by Aubrey Plaza ) is a fictional character in the NBC comedy Parks and Recreation . She is first seen as an apathetic college student working as an intern in the Pawnee Department of Parks and Recreation , before being hired as Ron Swanson 's assistant . She later becomes the Deputy Director of Animal Control . April , along with Plaza 's performance , garnered universal acclaim and has gained popularity for her goth-like behavior and deadpan-style comedy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "144ff99af978ed32dfa2396213758db9", "text": "CSI: Crime Scene Investigation (season 1) The first season of CSI : Crime Scene Investigation premiered on CBS on October 6 , 2000 , and ended on May 17 , 2001 . The series stars William Petersen and Marg Helgenberger .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5e193f7824ba632284149cd825b4cca3", "text": "Talkin' 'Bout Your Generation (series 1) The first series of Talkin ' ` Bout Your Generation began airing on 5 May 2009 . It ran for 18 episodes concluding with a Christmas special on 22 November 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f142501e8e4a360d5cc2cdcb4e9e987", "text": "List of Sofia the First episodes Sofia the First is an American computer-animated television series that incorporates characters from the Disney Princess franchise . The series stars Ariel Winter as Sofia , a young girl who becomes a princess when her mother , Miranda , marries King Roland II of the kingdom of Enchancia . On April 14 , 2015 , the series was renewed for a fourth season by Disney Junior .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4deb4e37bcd4195a0c3c2a8a9d801256", "text": "Gossip Girl (season 1) The first season of Gossip Girl , an American teen drama based upon the book series by Cecily von Ziegesar . Developed for television by Josh Schwartz and Stephanie Savage . Airing on The CW from September 19 , 2007 till May 19 , 2008 with 18 episodes . It tells the story of Serena van der Woodsen 's return to Manhattan 's Upper East Side in New York City following her mysterious disappearance to boarding school in Connecticut , while being watched by gossip website Gossip Girl . The first thirteen episodes of Gossip Girl aired in the U.S. on Wednesdays at 9:00 p.m. on The CW , a terrestrial television network . With the exception of the twelfth episode `` School Lies , '' the first thirteen episodes aired on CTV Television Network one day prior to their US airdate . Following the 100-day writers strike , the remainder of the season aired on Mondays at 8:00 p.m. . The season was released on DVD as a five disc boxed set under the title of Gossip Girl : The Complete First Season on August 19 , 2008 by Warner Home Video . The pilot episode was made available as a free download registered users of the U.S. iTunes Store prior to its premiere on television . Following episodes became available to purchase following their original airing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c27c0cc10839306de41e2a9e60c34cf", "text": "Nella the Princess Knight Nella the Princess Knight is an American-Irish-British animated children 's television series created by Christine Ricci . The series debuted on Nickelodeon in the United States on February 6 , 2017 . The series debuted on May 1 , 2017 on Nick Jr. in Australia , and May 6 , 2017 on Treehouse TV in Canada . On May 24 , 2017 , it was renewed for a second season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "11d51dbc3dad69629c8063ac955d8610", "text": "Girlboss Girlboss is an American comedy web television series created by Kay Cannon . The first season was released on Netflix on April 21 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "463be9909b1a2a1a6cb918216a808b1f", "text": "Hunter Street (TV series) Hunter Street is a comedy adventure television series created by Reint Schölvinck and Melle Runderkamp that premiered on Nickelodeon on March 11 , 2017 . The series stars Stony Blyden , Mae Mae Renfrow , Kyra Smith , Thomas Jansen , and Daan Creyghton .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7bf81d44c48889c8e4bdd1e3255bc947", "text": "List of Neighbours characters (2017) Neighbours is an Australian television soap opera . It was first broadcast on 18 March 1985 and currently airs on digital channel Eleven . The following is a list of characters that appeared or will appear in the show in 2017 , by order of first appearance . All characters are introduced by the shows executive producer Jason Herbison . The 33rd season of Neighbours began airing from 9 January 2017 . Andrea and Willow Somers made their debuts during the same month . Teacher Finn Kelly was introduced during March , while Dipi , Kirsha and Yashvi Rebecchi , along with Dipi 's sister Mishti Sharma , arrived in April .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a64a1f6622bc43d0d14566fab8d3e923", "text": "Dollhouse (season 1) The first season of the television series Dollhouse , premiered on February 13 , 2009 , on Fox and concluded its 12-episode season on May 8 , 2009 . The season aired on Fridays at 9:00 pm ET . Together with Fringe , Dollhouse was a part of Fox 's `` Remote-Free TV '' initiative to keep people from switching channels during commercial breaks . Therefore , every episode of this season was 47 -- 50 minutes long compared to a usual 40 -- 43 minute length for regular network television .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f803baf7c70a32a23b46a6c0a7f26ce", "text": "Sherilyn Fenn Sherilyn Fenn ( born Sheryl Ann Fenn February 1 , 1965 ) is an American actress . She came to attention for her performance as Audrey Horne on the 1990 cult TV series Twin Peaks ( 1990 -- 1991 ) for which she was nominated a Golden Globe Award and an Emmy Award . She is also known for her roles in Of Mice and Men ( 1992 ) , Boxing Helena ( 1993 ) and the television sitcom Rude Awakening ( 1998 -- 2001 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0fe0ed22370ffa91097679227e11980e", "text": "What Happens at The Abbey What Happens at The Abbey is an American reality television series that premiered on the E! cable network on May 14 , 2017 . The show follows the lives of the employees who work at the West Hollywood , California nightclub , The Abbey .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4860961a3b42b40177a2658c5389e08c", "text": "The Carmichael Show The Carmichael Show is an American sitcom television series created by Nicholas Stoller , Jerrod Carmichael , Ari Katcher , and Willie Hunter that premiered on August 26 , 2015 , on NBC . Starring Carmichael , it follows a fictional version of his family . The multi-camera show is set in Charlotte , North Carolina . On May 15 , 2016 , NBC renewed the series for a 13-episode third season , which premiered with back-to-back episodes on May 31 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c0fac9b6d20c4f29b8841b4dac59ac4", "text": "Audrey Roberts Audrey Roberts ( also Potter ) is a fictional character from the British ITV soap opera , Coronation Street , played by Sue Nicholls . Audrey made her first appearance on 16 April 1979 and appeared on a recurring basis for three years until 1982 and returned in 1984 before becoming a full-time regular character the following year in 1985 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b202eb1f756c828fa7d8d98abb85eb8c", "text": "Scylla (Prison Break episode) `` Scylla '' is the 58th episode of the American television series Prison Break and the first episode of its fourth season which premiered as a two-hour episode with `` Breaking & Entering '' . It was broadcast in the United States on September 1 , 2008 and on the next day on Sky One and RTÉ Two .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "67d6a60734b1f5dcd97f84906607fa87", "text": "Commander in Chief (TV series) Commander in Chief is an American drama television series that focused on the fictional administration and family of Mackenzie Allen ( portrayed by Geena Davis ) , the first female President of the United States , who ascends to the post from the Vice Presidency after the death of the sitting President from a sudden cerebral aneurysm . The series began broadcasting on ABC on Tuesday , September 27 , 2005 , at 9 p.m. Eastern Time , although most countries outside North America began screening the series in mid-2006 . The show was # 1 on Tuesday nights until FOX 's American Idol started in January . The show was also the # 1 new show of the season until CBS ' Criminal Minds surpassed it . Its major competitor in the 9:00 p.m. timeslot was FOX 's House , which aired after American Idol . The series was created by American director Rod Lurie , director of the films The Contender and Deterrence , and may have been inspired by The West Wing , a popular political drama on rival NBC . The network replaced Lurie with Steven Bochco as show runner , but after he failed to increase ratings he was also replaced with Dee Johnson while further declining ratings brought about a hiatus , a timeslot change and ultimately cancellation .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "230c04dad7d6b35d41a6f9ae63ed7f20", "text": "J. K. Rowling Joanne Rowling , ( -LSB- ˈrəʊlɪŋ -RSB- born 31 July 1965 ) , pen names J. K. Rowling and Robert Galbraith , is a British novelist , screenwriter and film producer best known as the author of the Harry Potter fantasy series . The books have gained worldwide attention , won multiple awards , and sold more than 400 million copies . They have become the best-selling book series in history and been the basis for a series of films over which Rowling had overall approval on the scripts and maintained creative control by serving as a producer on the final instalment . Born in Yate , Gloucestershire , England , Rowling was working as a researcher and bilingual secretary for Amnesty International when she conceived the idea for the Harry Potter series while on a delayed train from Manchester to London in 1990 . The seven-year period that followed saw the death of her mother , birth of her first child , divorce from her first husband and relative poverty until she finished the first novel in the series , Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone , in 1997 . There were six sequels , the last , Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows , in 2007 . Since then , Rowling has written four books for adult readers : The Casual Vacancy ( 2012 ) and -- under the pseudonym Robert Galbraith -- the crime fiction novels The Cuckoo 's Calling ( 2013 ) , The Silkworm ( 2014 ) and Career of Evil ( 2015 ) . Rowling has lived a `` rags to riches '' life story , in which she progressed from living on state benefits to multi-millionaire status within five years . She is the United Kingdom 's best-selling living author , with sales in excess of # 238M . The 2016 Sunday Times Rich List estimated Rowling 's fortune at # 600 million , ranking her as the joint 197th richest person in the UK . Time magazine named her as a runner-up for its 2007 Person of the Year , noting the social , moral , and political inspiration she has given her fans . In October 2010 , Rowling was named the `` Most Influential Woman in Britain '' by leading magazine editors . She has supported charities including Comic Relief , One Parent Families , Multiple Sclerosis Society of Great Britain and Lumos ( formerly the Children 's High Level Group ) .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "e710eacf95619fa95081e26d56a8075d", "text": "Inheritance Cycle The Inheritance Cycle is a young adult tetralogy of epic fantasy novels written by American author Christopher Paolini . Set in the fictional world of Alagaësia ( -LSB- æləˈɡeɪziə -RSB- ) , the novels focus on the adventures of a teenage boy named Eragon and his dragon , Saphira , as they struggle to overthrow the evil king Galbatorix . The series was originally intended to be a trilogy ( named the `` Inheritance Trilogy '' ) until Paolini announced on October 30 , 2007 , while working on the third novel , that he believed the story was too complex to conclude in just three books . The book series as a whole received mostly mixed to negative reviews by critics , but has gained both popularity and commercial success . The first book in the series , Eragon , was originally self-published by Paolini in 2001 , and subsequently re-published by Alfred A. Knopf Books for Young Readers on June 25 , 2003 . The second book in the series , Eldest , was published by Knopf on August 23 , 2005 . Both were New York Times bestsellers . The third book in the series , Brisingr , was published by Knopf on September 20 , 2008 . The fourth and final book in the series , Inheritance , was published by Knopf on November 8 , 2011 . The series has sold 33.5 million copies worldwide . In 2006 , a feature film was released based on the first book in the cycle , Eragon , starring Ed Speleers , Jeremy Irons , John Malkovich and Djimon Hounsou . The film received generally negative reviews and closed as the 13th highest grossing fantasy-live action film within the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d68ee0fb7bcc4e98b1911645416be97c", "text": "The History of The Lord of the Rings The History of The Lord of the Rings is a 4-volume work by Christopher Tolkien that documents the process of J. R. R. Tolkien 's writing of The Lord of the Rings . The History is also numbered as volumes 6 to 9 of The History of Middle-earth ( `` HoME '' , as below ) . Some information concerning the appendices and a soon-abandoned sequel to the novel can also be found in volume 12 , The Peoples of Middle-earth .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d9728b77ad91ce79c756720eee6ab8a", "text": "Gerald Gardner (Wiccan) Gerald Brosseau Gardner ( 1884 -- 1964 ) , also known by the craft name Scire , was an English Wiccan , as well as an author and an amateur anthropologist and archaeologist . He was instrumental in bringing the Contemporary Pagan religion of Wicca to public attention , writing some of its definitive religious texts and founding the tradition of Gardnerian Wicca . Born into an upper-middle-class family in Blundellsands , Lancashire , Gardner spent much of his childhood abroad in Madeira . In 1900 , he moved to colonial Ceylon , and then in 1911 to Malaya , where he worked as a civil servant , independently developing an interest in the native peoples and writing papers and a book about their magical practices . After his retirement in 1936 , he travelled to Cyprus , penning the novel A Goddess Arrives before returning to England . Settling down near the New Forest , he joined an occult group , the Rosicrucian Order Crotona Fellowship , through which he claimed to have encountered the New Forest coven into which he was initiated in 1939 . Believing the coven to be a survival of the pre-Christian Witch-Cult discussed in the works of Margaret Murray , he decided to revive the faith , supplementing the coven 's rituals with ideas borrowed from Freemasonry , ceremonial magic and the writings of Aleister Crowley to form the Gardnerian tradition of Wicca . Moving to London in 1945 , following the repeal of the Witchcraft Act of 1736 he became intent on propagating this religion , attracting media attention and writing about it in High Magic 's Aid ( 1949 ) , Witchcraft Today ( 1954 ) and The Meaning of Witchcraft ( 1959 ) . Founding a Wiccan group known as the Bricket Wood coven , he introduced a string of High Priestesses into the religion , including Doreen Valiente , Lois Bourne , Patricia Crowther and Eleanor Bone , through which the Gardnerian community spread throughout Britain and subsequently into Australia and the United States in the late 1950s and early 1960s . Involved for a time with Cecil Williamson , Gardner also became director of the Museum of Magic and Witchcraft on the Isle of Man , which he ran until his death . Gardner is internationally recognised as the `` Father of Wicca '' among the Pagan and occult communities . His claims regarding the New Forest coven have been widely scrutinised , with Gardner being the subject of investigation for historians and biographers such as Aidan Kelly , Ronald Hutton and Philip Heselton .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bdb8048a12b2db319c910f79c7aae0f4", "text": "The History of Middle-earth The History of Middle-earth is a 12-volume series of books published between 1983 and 1996 that collect and analyse material relating to the fiction of J. R. R. Tolkien , compiled and edited by his son , Christopher Tolkien . The series shows the development over time of Tolkien 's conception of Middle-earth as a fictional place with its own peoples , languages , and history , from his earliest notions of a `` mythology for England '' through to the development of the stories that make up The Silmarillion and The Lord of the Rings . It is not a `` history of Middle-earth '' in the sense of being a chronicle of events in Middle-earth written from an in-universe perspective . In 2000 -- 01 , the twelve volumes were republished in three limited edition omnibus volumes . Non-deluxe editions of the three volumes were published in 2002 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a979caf100f9368eb96d37ba5b294b44", "text": "London (novel) London is a historical novel by Edward Rutherfurd published in 1997 , which charts the history of London from 54 B.C. to 1997 . The novel begins with the birth of the River Thames and moves to 54 B.C. , detailing the life of Segovax , a curious character with slightly webbed hands and a flash of white hair . Seqovax becomes the ancestor of the Ducket and Dogget families , prominent fictional families woven into the novel . Historical figures , such as Julius Caesar , Geoffrey Chaucer , William Shakespeare , and Pocahontas , make appearances alongside fictional characters and historical kings and queens of England .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9baaff2be7a370de21e0a1c491e4c1ea", "text": "George Percy, Earl Percy George Dominic Percy , Earl Percy ( born 4 May 1984 ) , is the heir apparent to the Dukedom of Northumberland . Percy was born as the second child and elder son of the Duke and Duchess of Northumberland . He became heir apparent to the dukedom in 1995 , when his uncle Henry , 11th Duke of Northumberland , died . Percy 's parents , now Duke and Duchess of Northumberland , were eager to protect him from `` vices and pitfalls '' , and filed a lawsuit to prevent him from inheriting # 1 million and a # 250,000 annual income upon turning 18 . In 1999 , they succeeded in delaying the inheritance , which Lord Percy received at the age of 25 . George Percy is also set to inherit Alnwick Castle , famously known as Hogwarts ' School of Witchcraft and Wizardry in the Harry Potter films . He served as a Page of Honour to Queen Elizabeth II from 1996 to 1998 . He is also a direct descendant of Charles II of England through multiple descents . Earl Percy was educated at Eton College , and studied geography at the University of Edinburgh , specialising in sustainable development and renewable energy . He graduated in 2008 , having shared a house with Pippa Middleton , with whom he has been linked since . Percy studied Arabic language at the University of Damascus , and later worked in Abu Dhabi . He is the managing director of energy company Cluff Geothermal with Paul Younger . As old family friends , Lord Percy and his family attended the wedding of Middleton 's sister Catherine and Prince William , Duke of Cambridge , in 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a005376e34382e6caac4b6b2147dc33c", "text": "Kenneth Morris (author) Kenneth Vennor Morris ( 31 July 1879 -- 21 April 1937 ) , sometimes using the Welsh form of his name Cenydd Morus , was a Welsh author and theosophist . Born in South Wales , he moved to London with his family as a child , and was educated at Christ 's Hospital . In 1896 he lived in Dublin for a while , where he became friends with George William Russell . From 1908 to 1930 Morris lived in California as a member of staff of the Theosophical Society headquarters at Point Loma . The last seven years of his life were spent back in his native Wales , during which time he founded seven Welsh theosophical lodges . Morris was a friend of Talbot Mundy , and the two writers often commentated on each other 's work in The Theosophical Path magazine . In the verdict of Ursula K. Le Guin , Morris appears as one of the three master prose stylists of fantasy in the 20th century , together with E. R. Eddison and J. R. R. Tolkien .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "965859e53a36af2c4950b91929079448", "text": "Hay Festival The Hay Festival of Literature & Arts is an annual literature festival held in Hay-on-Wye , Powys , Wales , for ten days from May to June . Devised by Norman and Peter Florence in 1988 , the festival was described by Bill Clinton in 2001 as `` The Woodstock of the mind '' . Tony Benn said : `` In my mind it 's replaced Christmas '' . Florence continues to be director of the Festival . Hay-on-Wye was already well known for its many bookshops before the festival was launched . Richard Booth opened his first shop there in 1962 , and by the 1970s Hay had gained the nickname `` The Town of Books '' . From its inception , the festival was held at a variety of venues around Hay , including the local Primary School , until 2005 when it moved to a unified location just south of the town . The Guardian was the main sponsor of the festival from 2002 to 2010 , succeeding The Sunday Times . The Daily Telegraph and its associated brands in Telegraph Media Group had two terms as 3-year sponsors , starting with the 2011 festival . From 2017 , the Tata Group and Baillie Gifford are amongst the principal sponsors , along with the BBC and many non-media companies such as the Arts Council of Wales and the British Council . The festival has expanded over the years to include musical performances and film previews . A children 's festival , `` Hay Fever '' , runs alongside the main festival . It has also expanded internationally and sister festivals take place in Arequipa , Nairobi , Dhaka , Zacatecas , The Maldives , Kerala at Thiruvananthapuram , Beirut , Belfast , Cartagena , the Alhambra Palace , Parc Prison in Bridgend and Segovia . In 2009 Hay Festival also took on the ailing Brecon Jazz Festival . It is run by a not-for-profit company , and entrance is free to students . The Hay Festival was one of 11 Welsh winners of The Queen 's Awards for Enterprise for 2009 . The 2009 festival included writers Carol Ann Duffy , David Simon , Stephen Fry , David Nicholls , Jenny Valentine and Melvyn Bragg , scientists Martin Rees and Sabine Bahn , economists Anthony Giddens , Nicholas Stern , Howard Davies and Danny Quah , comedians Dylan Moran , Dara Ó Briain and Sandi Toksvig , and general speakers David Frost , Desmond Tutu , Rowan Williams and Rhodri Morgan . The 2012 festival included writers Martin Amis , Jung Chang , Louis de Bernières , Mark Haddon , Mario Vargas Llosa , Hilary Mantel , Ian McEwan , Michael Morpurgo , Ben Okri , Ian Rankin , Salman Rushdie , Owen Sheers , Jeanette Winterson , comedians Bill Bailey , Rob Brydon , Julian Clary , Jack Dee , Tim Minchin , politicians Peter Hain and Boris Johnson , scientists John D. Barrow , Martin Rees , Simon Singh , and general speakers Harry Belafonte , William Dalrymple , Stephen Fry , A.C. Grayling , Germaine Greer , Michael Ignatieff , and David Starkey . Sessions at the Hay Festival have been recorded for television and radio programmes such as The Readers ' and Writers ' Roadshow and The One Show . All the BBC 's national radio channels apart from Radio One have been involved in broadcasting from the festival , and Sky Arts showed highlights of the festival from 2010 until 2013 , handing over the main coverage to the BBC for the 2014 event .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35885d23808908b2aec855f4172f2398", "text": "The Famous Five (series) The Famous Five is the name of a series of children 's adventure novels written by English author Enid Blyton . The first book , Five on a Treasure Island , was published in 1942 . The novels feature the adventures of a group of young children -- Julian , Dick , Anne and Georgina ( George ) -- and their dog Timmy . The stories take place in the children 's school holidays after they have returned from their respective boarding schools . Each time they meet they get caught up in an adventure , often involving criminals or lost treasure . Sometimes the scene is set close to George 's family home at Kirrin Cottage in Dorset , such as the picturesque Kirrin Island , owned by George and her family in Kirrin Bay . George 's own home and various other houses the children visit or stay in are hundreds of years old and often contain secret passages or smugglers ' tunnels . In some books the children go camping in the countryside , on a hike or holiday together elsewhere . The settings , however , are almost always rural and enable the children to discover the simple joys of cottages , islands , the English and Welsh countryside and sea shores , as well as an outdoor life of picnics , lemonade , bicycle trips and swimming . Blyton intended to write only six or eight books in the series , but owing to their high sales and immense commercial success she went on to write twenty-one full-length Famous Five novels , as well as a number of other series in similar style following groups of children discovering crime on holiday in the countryside . By the end of 1953 more than six million copies had been sold . Today , more than two million copies of the books are sold each year , making them one of the biggest-selling series for children ever written , with sales totalling over a hundred million . All the novels have been adapted for television , and several have been adapted as films in various countries . Blyton 's publisher , Hodder & Stoughton , first used the term `` The Famous Five '' in 1951 , after nine books in the series had been published . Before this , the series was referred to as `` The ` Fives ' Books '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a14214de68c2d2b8c0db38db656fa794", "text": "Gillian Rubinstein Gillian Rubinstein ( born 29 August 1942 ) is an English-born children 's author and playwright . Born in Potten End , Berkhamsted , Hertfordshire , England , Rubinstein split her childhood between England and Nigeria , moving to Australia in 1973 . As well as eight plays , numerous short stories and articles , she has written over 30 books . Her award-winning and hugely popular 1986 debut Space Demons introduced the themes of growing up and fantasy worlds which emerge often in her other writings . Books such as At Ardilla , Foxspell and Galax-Arena all received critical acclaim and multiple awards . In 2001 , Rubinstein published Across the Nightingale Floor , the first of the best-selling five book Tales of the Otori series under the pseudonym , Lian Hearn . The series is set in a fictional island nation resembling feudal Japan and is her first work to reach an adult audience . The name ` Lian ' , comes from a childhood nickname and ` Hearn ' apparently refers to herons which are a prominent theme in the series . It has also been suggested that the surname is most likely borrowed from Lafcadio Hearn ; one of the first Western writers to tackle Japanese mythology . Gillian Rubinstein currently resides in Goolwa , South Australia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f249cc4b7a1abf68b52bd5ad009cd860", "text": "Born on the Fourth of July (film) Born on the Fourth of July is a 1989 American biographical war drama film based on the best-selling autobiography of the same name by Vietnam War veteran Ron Kovic . Tom Cruise plays Ron Kovic , in a performance that earned him his first Academy Award nomination . Oliver Stone ( himself a Vietnam veteran ) co-wrote the screenplay with Kovic , and also produced and directed the film . Stone wanted to film the movie in Vietnam , but because relations between the United States and Vietnam had not yet been normalized , it was instead filmed in the Philippines . The film is considered part of Stone 's `` trilogy '' of films about the Vietnam War -- following Platoon ( 1986 ) and preceding Heaven & Earth ( 1993 ) . Born on the Fourth of July was nominated for eight Academy Awards and won two , for Best Director and Best Film Editing ; it also won four Golden Globe Awards and a Directors Guild of America Award . The film was a critical and commercial success , grossing $ 161,001,698 worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70e38c247af90cc27f22849d86c77828", "text": "Geography of London London is the largest urban area and capital city of the United Kingdom , located in southeastern Great Britain . The London region covers an area of 1579 km2 , and had a population of 7,172,036 in 2001 and a population density of 4,542 people per square kilometre . A larger area , referred to as the London Metropolitan Region or the London Metropolitan Agglomeration covers an area of 8382 km2 , and had a population of 12,653,500 and a population density of 1,510 people per square kilometre . London is a port on the Thames ( see main article Port of London ) , a navigable river . The river has had a major influence on the development of the city . London began on the Thames ' north bank and for a long time the main focus of the city remained on the north side of the Thames . For many centuries London Bridge was the only bridge in or close to the city . When more bridges were built in the 18th century , the city expanded in all directions as the mostly flat or gently rolling countryside presented no obstacle to growth .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8418484cc557ad3cab72f5308ec6517", "text": "June and Jennifer Gibbons June and Jennifer Gibbons ( born 11 April 1963 ; Jennifer died March 1993 ) were identical twins who grew up in Wales . They became known as `` The Silent Twins '' since they only communicated with each other . They began writing works of fiction but turned to crime when they started experiencing criminality tendencies . Both women were admitted to Broadmoor Hospital where they were held for 14 years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c7c76ebe2e5a1cdd894ed2e4f3c32dec", "text": "July 16", "title": "" }, { "docid": "51d7315cdfd7702be95d3b3347d4cc56", "text": "International Research in Children's Literature International Research in Children 's Literature is a biannual academic journal published by Edinburgh University Press on behalf of the International Research Society for Children 's Literature in July and December of each year . It was established in 2008 and is indexed by the Modern Language Association and the British Humanities Index .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "90fa4d8dce4971a2b81a7c2c64773017", "text": "Harry Potter (character) Harry James Potter is the title character and protagonist of J. K. Rowling 's Harry Potter series . The majority of the books ' plot covers seven years in the life of the orphan Potter , who , on his eleventh birthday , learns he is a wizard . Thus , he attends Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry to practise magic under the guidance of the kindly headmaster Albus Dumbledore and other school professors . Harry also discovers that he is already famous throughout the novel 's magical community , and that his fate is tied with that of Lord Voldemort , the internationally feared Dark Wizard and murderer of his parents , Lily and James .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "471988de30007725fde9ab307a52eab4", "text": "Culture of the United Kingdom The culture of the United Kingdom is influenced by the UK 's history as a developed island country , a liberal democracy and a major power ; its predominantly Christian religious life ; and its composition of four countries -- England , Wales , Scotland and Northern Ireland -- each of which has distinct customs , cultures and symbolism . The wider culture of Europe has also influenced British culture , and Humanism , Protestantism and representative democracy developed from broader Western culture . British literature , music , cinema , art , theatre , comedy , media , television , philosophy , architecture and education are important aspects of British culture . The United Kingdom is also prominent in science and technology , producing world-leading scientists ( e.g. Isaac Newton and Charles Darwin ) and inventions . Sport is an important part of British culture ; numerous sports originated in the country , including football . The UK has been described as a `` cultural superpower '' , and London has been described as a world cultural capital . The Industrial Revolution , which started in the UK , had a profound effect on the socio-economic and cultural conditions of the world . As a result of the British Empire , significant British influence can be observed in the language , law , culture and institutions of a geographically wide assortment of countries , including Australia , Canada , India , the Republic of Ireland , New Zealand , Nigeria , Pakistan , South Africa , the United States and English speaking Caribbean nations . These states are sometimes collectively known as the Anglosphere , and are among Britain 's closest allies . In turn the empire also influenced British culture , particularly British cuisine . The cultures of England , Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland are diverse and have varying degrees of overlap and distinctiveness .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0d26367cefdfb9ee520da092e072b94", "text": "Festival of Britain The Festival of Britain was a national exhibition and fair that reached millions of visitors throughout the United Kingdom in the summer of 1951 . Historian Kenneth O. Morgan says the Festival was a `` triumphant success '' as people : flocked to the South Bank site , to wander around the Dome of Discovery , gaze at the Skylon , and generally enjoy a festival of national celebration . Up and down the land , lesser festivals enlisted much civic and voluntary enthusiasm . A people curbed by years of total war and half-crushed by austerity and gloom , showed that it had not lost the capacity for enjoying itself ... Above all , the Festival made a spectacular setting as a showpiece for the inventiveness and genius of British scientists and technologists . Labour cabinet member Herbert Morrison was the prime mover ; in 1947 he started with the original plan to celebrate the centennial of the Great Exhibition of 1851 . However it was not to be another World Fair , for international themes were absent , as was the British Commonwealth . Instead the 1951 festival focused entirely on Britain and its achievements ; it was funded chiefly by the government , with a budget of # 12 million . The Labour government was losing support and so the implicit goal of the festival was to give the people a feeling of successful recovery from the war 's devastation , as well as promoting British science , technology , industrial design , architecture and the arts . The Festival 's centrepiece was in London on the South Bank of the Thames . There were events in Poplar ( Architecture ) , Battersea ( The Festival Pleasure Gardens ) , South Kensington ( Science ) and Glasgow ( Industrial Power ) . Festival celebrations took place in Cardiff , Stratford-upon-Avon , Bath , Perth , Bournemouth , York , Aldeburgh , Inverness , Cheltenham , Oxford , Norwich , Canterbury and elsewhere and there were touring exhibitions by land and sea . The Festival became a `` beacon for change '' that proved immensely popular with thousands of elite visitors and millions of popular ones . It helped reshape British arts , crafts , designs and sports for a generation . Journalist Harry Hopkins highlights the widespread impact of the `` Festival style '' . They called it `` Contemporary '' . It was : clean , bright and new ... . It caught hold quickly and spread first across London and then across England ... In an island hitherto largely given up to gravy browns and dull greens , `` Contemporary '' boldly espoused strong primary colors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "492cbd8172c0eee91e5a109ab9e5ff76", "text": "July 8", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1a43228f6c3fdf44eddec1ea3083f9c1", "text": "The Dangerous Book for Boys The Dangerous Book for Boys , by Conn and Hal Iggulden , is a guidebook published by HarperCollins , aimed at boys `` from eight to eighty . '' It covers around eighty topics , including how to build a treehouse , grow a crystal , or tell direction with a watch . Also included are famous quotes , stories , battles , and phrases that `` every boy should know . '' It was published in the UK in June 2006 , and reached number one in the UK non-fiction charts several times , selling over half a million copies . Conn Iggulden also published a novel , Wolf of the Plains , about Genghis Khan , which , along with The Dangerous Book for Boys , allowed Iggulden to be the first author to reach the number one spot in both the fiction and non-fiction charts . Within the first week of its US publication on 1 May 2007 , it reached number two on the Amazon.com best-selling book lists , being outsold only by Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows . Other people who contributed to the success of the book include the editorial team at the time , which consisted of Katie Espiner and Clare Hey , and Helen Johnstone , who won the 2007 British Book Industry Award for best publicity campaign .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "8bf383ac1ff2d528e45bfb9bee50949b", "text": "Commercial art Commercial art is the art of creative services , referring to art created for commercial purposes , primarily advertising . Commercial art traditionally includes designing books , advertisements of different products , signs , posters , and other displays to promote sale or acceptance of products , services , or ideas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e22896c67513b7f5ff82dd78af9b7ddc", "text": "Andy Warhol Andy Warhol ( -LSB- ˈwɔrhɒl -RSB- born Andrew Warhola ; August 6 , 1928 -- February 22 , 1987 ) was an American artist , director and producer who was a leading figure in the visual art movement known as pop art . His works explore the relationship between artistic expression , celebrity culture , and advertising that flourished by the 1960s , and span a variety of media , including painting , silkscreening , photography , film , and sculpture . Some of his best known works include the silkscreen paintings Campbell 's Soup Cans ( 1962 ) and Marilyn Diptych ( 1962 ) , the experimental film Chelsea Girls ( 1966 ) , and the multimedia events known as the Exploding Plastic Inevitable ( 1966 -- 67 ) . Born and raised in Pittsburgh , Warhol initially pursued a successful career as a commercial illustrator . After exhibiting his work in several galleries in the late 1950s , he began to receive recognition as an influential and controversial artist . His New York studio , The Factory , became a well-known gathering place that brought together distinguished intellectuals , drag queens , playwrights , Bohemian street people , Hollywood celebrities , and wealthy patrons . He promoted a collection of personalities known as Warhol superstars , and is credited with coining the widely used expression `` 15 minutes of fame . '' In the late 1960s , he managed and produced the experimental rock band The Velvet Underground and founded Interview magazine . He authored numerous books , including The Philosophy of Andy Warhol and Popism : The Warhol Sixties . He is also notable as a gay man who lived openly as such before the gay liberation movement . After a gallbladder surgery in 1987 , Warhol died in February of that year at the age of 58 . Warhol has been the subject of numerous retrospective exhibitions , books , and feature and documentary films . The Andy Warhol Museum in his native city of Pittsburgh , which holds an extensive permanent collection of art and archives , is the largest museum in the United States dedicated to a single artist . Many of his creations are very collectible and highly valuable . The highest price ever paid for a Warhol painting is US$ 105 million for a 1963 canvas titled `` Silver Car Crash ( Double Disaster ) '' ; his works include some of the most expensive paintings ever sold . A 2009 article in The Economist described Warhol as the `` bellwether of the art market '' .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "6f804ef2601b5eee0e7b4f80124ef1d5", "text": "Rosta poster ROSTA Posters ( also known as ROSTA Windows , Окна РОСТА ) were a propagandistic medium of communication used in the Soviet Union to communicate important messages and instill specific beliefs and ideology within the minds of the masses . Propaganda posters were among the most significant tools for influencing public opinion in the Soviet Union . The text that accompanied each poster was a clear and explicit message for the public , while the use of specific techniques ( photo manipulation , deformity , and amplification ) would indirectly and subconsciously transmit a message in favor of or against an opinion , a person or a political choice . The Soviet Union gave rise to the `` Russian avant-garde '' modern art movement . Alongside the stirring socio-economic developments of the early twentieth century , artists seemed to reject the past and seek innovative forms of expression in various types of art . These posters are prime examples of art movements like Constructivism , Suprematism and , later , Socialist Realism , a fertile meeting place between art and ideology .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "80dff8e14902f93a55d4c23215e4515f", "text": "Archives of American Art The Archives of American Art is the largest collection of primary resources documenting the history of the visual arts in the United States . More than 20 million items of original material are housed in the Archives ' research centers in Washington , D.C. and New York City . As a research center within the Smithsonian Institution , the Archives houses materials related to a variety of American visual art and artists . All regions of the country and numerous eras and art movements are represented . Among the significant artists represented in its collection are Jackson Pollock , Lee Krasner , Marcel Breuer , Rockwell Kent , John Singer Sargent , Winslow Homer , John Trumbull , and Alexander Calder . In addition to the papers of artists , the Archives collects documentary material from art galleries , art dealers , and art collectors . It also houses a collection of over 2,000 art-related oral history interviews , and publishes a bi-yearly publication , the Archives of American Art Journal , which showcases collections within the Archives .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "00c71a3043fdaa26740ecca024252937", "text": "Associated Artists of Pittsburgh Associated Artists of Pittsburgh ( AAP ) is the oldest , and largest nonprofit visual arts membership organization in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , United States . It was founded in 1910 to create opportunities for local artists to display their work and to foster an appreciation of visual art . Membership is open to any artist within a 150-mile radius of Pittsburgh and who is over 18 years of age . Admittance is based on the quality of the applicant 's work , as judged by the AAP Membership committee . Screenings are held twice yearly . Past membership has included such well-known artists as Andy Warhol , Samuel Rosenberg , John Kane , Mary Cassatt , Philip Pearlstein , and Robert Qualters .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "49edc0e25c4d6f1b4445da248df86afe", "text": "Corporate design A corporate design ( CD ) is the official graphical design of the logo and name of a company or institution used on letterheads , envelopes , forms , folders , brochures , etc. . The house style is created in such a way that all the elements are arranged in a distinctive design and pattern . This includes dictating what ink pantones should be used in the coloring , and what typefaces . Governments may have corporate designs as well . On June 2 , 1999 , the German federal cabinet introduced a corporate design for the flag of Germany . The term ` corporate design ' is not the name of a specific design profession . Corporations do have special design needs based on their behaviors . They communicate their mission , objectives , needs , and product information -- with users , clients , or members ; with suppliers , distributors , service providers ; with the surrounding community and the media ; with financial institutions and other corporations , and with the state . They create , acquire , modify , organize and distribute large amounts of information and raw data , as well as goods and services . ( Sometimes the goods or services are themselves information . For example , The Yellow Pages , or The New York Times . ) A designer whose client is a corporation will include the logo and other elements of the corporate brand as a way to standardize and unify all communication between company and audience , whether in print or online . Scenarios that includes human-computer interactions take place through software and hardware user interfaces that are also branded and designed with the corporate culture in mind . ( Examples of user scenarios : update the Web site , transfer funds , document procedures , control security , operate machinery , plan projects , conduct virtual meetings , check inventory , fill an order , or ship a product . ) These interactions are increasingly taking place through Web sites , through mobile devices and at dedicated terminals , and may include sound , video , animation and user feedback mechanisms . A savvy designer will create designs that can be adapted to all of these applications .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b932a1d6960c6ddd9ea18ffdc2b936d1", "text": "Conceptual art Conceptual art , sometimes simply called conceptualism , is art in which the concept ( s ) or idea ( s ) involved in the work take precedence over traditional aesthetic , technical , and material concerns . Some works of conceptual art , sometimes called installations , may be constructed by anyone simply by following a set of written instructions . This method was fundamental to American artist Sol LeWitt 's definition of Conceptual art , one of the first to appear in print : Tony Godfrey , author of Conceptual Art ( Art & Ideas ) ( 1998 ) , asserts that conceptual art questions the nature of art , a notion that Joseph Kosuth elevated to a definition of art itself in his seminal , early manifesto of conceptual art , `` Art after Philosophy '' ( 1969 ) . The notion that art should examine its own nature was already a potent aspect of the influential art critic Clement Greenberg 's vision of Modern art during the 1950s . With the emergence of an exclusively language-based art in the 1960s , however , conceptual artists such as Joseph Kosuth , Lawrence Weiner and the English Art & Language group began a far more radical interrogation of art than was previously possible ( see below ) . One of the first and most important things they questioned was the common assumption that the role of the artist was to create special kinds of material objects . Through its association with the Young British Artists and the Turner Prize during the 1990s , in popular usage , particularly in the UK , `` conceptual art '' came to denote all contemporary art that does not practice the traditional skills of painting and sculpture . It could be said that one of the reasons why the term `` conceptual art '' has come to be associated with various contemporary practices far removed from its original aims and forms lies in the problem of defining the term itself . As the artist Mel Bochner suggested as early as 1970 , in explaining why he does not like the epithet `` conceptual '' , it is not always entirely clear what `` concept '' refers to , and it runs the risk of being confused with `` intention . '' Thus , in describing or defining a work of art as conceptual it is important not to confuse what is referred to as `` conceptual '' with an artist 's `` intention . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4fe2b9fe2bb420a2db234d54100ca8f4", "text": "Cuban art Cuban art is an exceptionally diverse cultural blend of African , South American , European and North American elements , reflecting the diverse demographic makeup of the island . Cuban artists embraced European modernism , and the early part of the 20th century saw a growth in Cuban vanguardist movements , which were characterized by the mixing of modern artistic genres . Some of the more celebrated 20th-century Cuban artists include Amelia Peláez ( 1896 -- 1968 ) , best known for a series of mural projects , and painter Wifredo Lam ( Dec 8,1902 -- September 11 , 1982 ) , who created a highly personal version of modern primitivism . The Cuban born painter Federico Beltran Masses ( 1885-1949 ) , was renowned as a colourist whose seductive portrayals of women sometimes made overt references to the tropical settings of his childhood . Better known internationally is the work of photographer Alberto Korda , whose photographs following the early days of the Cuban Revolution included a picture of Che Guevara which was to become one of the most recognizable images of the 20th century . There is a flourishing street art movement influenced by Latin American artists José Guadalupe Posada and the muralist Diego Rivera . After the Cuban Revolution of 1959 , some artists felt it was in their best interests to leave Cuba and produce their art , while others stayed behind , either happy or merely content to be creating art in Cuba , which was sponsored by the government . Because it was state sponsored , an implied censorship occurred , since artists would n't want to make art that was against the revolutionary movement as that was the source of their funding . It was during the 1980s in which art began to reflect true uninfluenced expression . The `` rebirth '' of expression in Cuban art was greatly affected by the emergence of a new generation of Cuban , which did not remember the revolution directly . In 1981 Cubans saw the introduction of `` Volumen Uno '' , a series of one man exhibitions featuring contemporary Cuban artists . Three years later , the introduction of the `` Havana Bienal '' assisted in the further progression of the liberation of art and free speech therein .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "97110922d6e385c1c5fc5a03650b67de", "text": "Old master print An old master print is a work of art produced by a printing process within the Western tradition . The term remains current in the art trade , and there is no easy alternative in English to distinguish the works of `` fine art '' produced in printmaking from the vast range of decorative , utilitarian and popular prints that grew rapidly alongside the artistic print from the 15th century onwards . Fifteenth-century prints are sufficiently rare that they are classed as old master prints even if they are of crude or merely workmanlike artistic quality . A date of about 1830 is usually taken as marking the end of the period whose prints are covered by this term . The main techniques used , in order of their introduction , are woodcut , engraving , etching , mezzotint and aquatint , although there are others . Different techniques are often combined in a single print . With rare exceptions printed on textiles , such as silk , or on vellum , old master prints are printed on paper . This article is concerned with the artistic , historical and social aspects of the subject ; the article on printmaking summarizes the techniques used in making old master prints , from a modern perspective . Many great European artists , such as Albrecht Dürer , Rembrandt , and Francisco Goya , were dedicated printmakers . In their own day , their international reputations largely came from their prints , which were spread far more widely than their paintings . Influences between artists were also mainly transmitted beyond a single city by prints ( and sometimes drawings ) , for the same reason . Prints therefore are frequently brought up in detailed analyses of individual paintings in art history . Today , thanks to colour photo reproductions , and public galleries , their paintings are much better known , whilst their prints are only rarely exhibited , for conservation reasons . But some museum print rooms allow visitors to see their collection , sometimes only by appointment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d81c724cb9bf9628cce016fe7bc5531a", "text": "No Colour Bar No Colour Bar : Black British Art in Action 1960 -- 1990 is a major public art and archives exhibition , the first of its kind in the UK , held at the Guildhall Art Gallery , City of London , over a six-month period ( 10 July 2015 -- 24 January 2016 ) , with a future digital touring exhibition , and an associated programme of events . No Colour Bar took its impetus from the life work and archives of Jessica Huntley ( 23 February 1927 -- 13 October 2013 ) and Eric Huntley ( born 25 September 1929 ) , Guyanese-born campaigners , political activists and publishers , who founded the publishing company Bogle-L'Ouverture Publications and the associated Walter Rodney Bookshop . Comprising contemporary fine art combined with archive materials , the multi-media exhibition features the work of seminal Black British artists and historically significant activists , and was described by Colin Prescod ( chair of the Institute of Race Relations ) as an `` exposition of startling and radical imaginative works , addressing grand British cultural and historical matters , and touching on themes of existential and social restlessness '' . Participants in the Caribbean Artists Movement , such as Winston Branch , Aubrey Williams , Ronald Moody and Errol Lloyd , are featured together with other prominent artists , including Eddie Chambers , Sonia Boyce , Sokari Douglas Camp , Denzil Forrester and Chila Kumari Burman , with works on display across all media : painting sculpture , painting , drawing , illustration , photography and film . In conjunction with the art and archives , panels and talks led by the exhibition curators , Makeda Coaston and Katty Pearce , and featuring individual artists , writers and publishers , including Eddie Chambers , Errol Lloyd , Denzil Forrester , Fowokan , Donald Hinds , Kadija George , Dorothea Smartt , Arif Ali , Sarah White , as well as Eric Huntley himself , were programmed . Within the exhibition is a purpose-built interactive installation by Michael McMillan , in conjunction with sound and visual specialists Dubmorphology , that recreates the famed Walter Rodney Bookshop , which was formerly located in West Ealing , functioning as a cultural hub of the community until it closed at the beginning of the 1990s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b25b6c7ad061b71724b5ad685f62fe67", "text": "Art and World War II War is a common theme in art and has inspired great works of art . Throughout history , most representations of war depict military achievements and often show significant battle scenes . However , in the 19th century a `` turn '' in the visual representation of war became noticeable . Artists started to show the disastrous aspects of war instead of its glorified events and protagonists . Such a perspective is best exemplified by Goya 's series , The Disasters of War ( 1810-1820 , first published in 1863 ) , and Otto Dix 's portfolio , Der Krieg ( published in 1924 ) . During World War II , both traditions are present . For instance , Paul Nash 's Battle of Britain ( 1941 ) represents a scene of aerial combat between British and German fighters over the English Channel . On the other hand , André Fougeron 's Street of Paris ( 1943 ) focuses on the impact of war and occupation on civilians . In connection to World War II , the relations between art and war can be articulated around two main issues . First , art ( and , more generally , culture ) found itself at the centre of an ideological war . Second , during World War II , many artists found themselves in the most difficult conditions ( in an occupied country , in internment camps , in death camps ) and their works are a testimony to a powerful `` urge to create '' . Such creative impulse can be interpreted as the expression of self-preservation , a survival instinct in critical times .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e7d28db3cb5d38861ae91c2e24be9032", "text": "Jean Frémon Jean Frémon , born in 1946 , is a French gallerist and writer . His written work spans and fuses genres , and contributes importantly to a trans-genre tendency in contemporary French letters . Working principally in the modes of ekphrasis , art criticism , literary commentary , narrative , and poetry , Frémon is perhaps unique in his fusion of late 20th century experimentalisms with the deeply rooted French tradition of belles lettres . After taking a degree in law , Frémon joined the Galerie Maeght , well known for representing important early and mid-20th century artists such as Joan Míro , Marc Chagall , Henry Matisse , and Alexander Calder . After the death of its founder , Aimé Maeght , in 1981 , Frémon , along with Daniel Lelong and Jacques Dupin , founded the Galerie Lelong , which continued and extended the work of the Galerie Maeght in its same location at 13 rue de Téhéran in the 8th arrondisement in Paris . The Galerie Lelong , of which Frémon is now the president , also has a branch in the Chelsea district of New York and participates in all the principal annual international art fairs including Art Basel , Art Basel Miami , and FIAC Paris . Artists shown by the gallery include Etel Adnan , Pierre Alechinsky , Francis Bacon , Louise Bourgeois , Nicola De Maria , Jan Dibbets , Andy Goldsworthy , David Hockney , Donald Judd , Konrad Klapheck , Jannis Kounellis , Wolfgang Laib , Nalini Malani , Ana Mendieta , David Nash , Jaume Plensa , Arnulf Rainer , Robert Ryman , Antonio Saura , Sean Scully , Richard Serra , Kiki Smith , Nancy Spero , Antoni Tapies , Barthélémy Toguo , and Juan Uslé .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2ccb39b1d795c2ac8c797ac5300bf4f", "text": "Tomasz Rut Tomasz Rut ( pronounced root ) was born in 1961 and raised in Warsaw , Poland , the son of an Olympic athlete father and artist mother who together encouraged a love of art and the classics . During his childhood Rut was introduced to the Pompeiien Frescos as well as Renaissance and Baroque art , which have influenced his oils on canvas , murals , and graphic works . Rut had his first showing in Warsaw at the age of eleven . Trained in Art Conservation at the Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw , Rut continued his education in New York City at the Pratt Institute in Brooklyn and at Columbia University in Manhattan . He eventually took a job in art conservation for the Biltmore House in Asheville , North Carolina , traveling the east coast restoring large scale murals in museums and mansions for such clients as the Smithsonian Institution and the U.S. Treasury Department in Washington , DC , the New Jersey State House in Trenton , the Gusman Center for the Arts and Vizcaya Museum in Miami . It was during these travels he began to notice the void of figurative paintings from the past that one could purchase , so Rut invented a style aimed at filling this void . This style incorporated cracked canvasses that mimic aged Italian frescoes and figurative oils . `` The one element evident in all of my paintings is the superficial patina or aging , '' which is created with a variety of transparent and semitransparent glazes , giving each work the aged and classic appearance that exemplifies Rut 's style . Rut 's mural size paintings are contemporary conversions of the classical vocabulary variously continued by Michelangelo , Raphael , Titian , and Rubens . In making them he returns to antiquity by a double detour . First , he sets in motion the charming unreal apparatus of the Quattrocento mise-en-scene , and more importantly its heroic nudity , vigorous modeling , expressive anatomic structure , powerful movement and fascinating physiognomy . Tinged with sadness , his super-human youths play once more on Arcadian pipes ( i.e. pan flute ) - a motif also reprised by Matisse . Alternatively , he offers us impossible delicate , gracile females - ` still unravished bride ( s ) of quietness ' - delimiting them with sylvan togas and braided tresses . Nor does he leave rearing steeds , which in the grand manner represent humanity 's turbulent passions . Dorothy Keane-White , Art Curator & Director for Northwood University . The subjects of Rut 's paintings , whether a figure , horse , or object , is at the center of every work , surrounded by compressed space with few background details to distract from the subject .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "22522f5d3849b3a7f95445f64b2b9578", "text": "Art Nouveau furniture Furniture created in the Art Nouveau style was prominent from the late 19th century to the advent of the First World War . Unlike furniture made by the British Arts and Crafts movement , from which it emerged in stylistic respects , most Art Nouveau furniture was produced in factories by normal manufacturing techniques , which led to tensions with Arts and Crafts figures in England , who criticised continental Art Nouveau furniture for not being '' ` honestly ' constructed . It also tended to be expensive , as a fine finish , usually polished or varnished , was regarded as essential , and continental designs were usually very complex , with curving shapes that were expensive to make . It by no means entirely replaced other styles of furniture , which continued to be popular , with Art Nouveau styles largely restricted to an expensive `` art furniture '' category . The style was named for Siegfried Bing 's Maison de l'Art Nouveau gallery and shop in Paris , which opened in 1895 , and in France and Belgium furniture designers took up the style with more enthusiasm than those of most countries . Several notable designers were architects who designed furniture for specific buildings they had also designed , a way of working inherited from the Arts and Crafts movement ; these include Charles Rennie Mackintosh , Antoni Gaudí , Hector Guimard and Victor Horta . Mackintosh 's furniture was relatively austere and geometrical , marked by elongated dimensions and right-angles . Continental designs were much more elaborate , often using curved shapes both in the basic shapes of the piece , and in applied decorative motifs . In many ways the old vocabulary and techniques of classic French 18th-century Rococo furniture were re-interpreted in a new style . Luxury veneers were used in the furniture of leading cabinetmakers Georges de Feure and others . Alphonse Mucha produced a few designs , but was little involved with production . The École de Nancy ( School of Nancy in France ) , the Wiener Werkstätte in Vienna and the Deutscher Werkbund were groupings including many designers of Art Nouveau furniture . The Exposition Universelle de Paris in 1900 was an important showcase for designers , and the Prima Esposizione Internazionale d'Arte Decorativa Moderna at Turin in 1902 heavily featured the work of furniture designer Carlo Bugatti of Milan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54198a5e9f1cdf12588684b23e8fe788", "text": "Drop Art In 1961 , filmmaker Gene Bernofsky and artist Clark Richert , art students from the University of Kansas , developed an art concept they called Drop Art or droppings . Informed by the `` happenings '' of Allan Kaprow and the impromptu performances a few years earlier of John Cage , Robert Rauschenberg and Buckminster Fuller at Black Mountain College , Drop Art began when Richert and Bernofsky started painting rocks and dropping them from a loft roof onto the sidewalk of Lawrence Kansas 's main drag -- watching the reactions of passersby . Early Drop Art included such pieces as Egg Drop and Pendulum ( pictured ) . Drop Art eventually led to the creation of Drop City , an experimental artist 's community founded in 1965 near Trinidad , Colorado . The intention was to create a live-in work of Drop Art .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af0af3f1de5422205602208ab00258cd", "text": "Figure painting A figure painting is a work of fine art in any of the painting media with the primary subject being the human figure , whether clothed or nude . Figure painting may also refer to the activity of creating such a work . The human figure has been one of the constant subjects of art since the first stone age cave paintings , and has been reinterpreted in various styles throughout history .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c1204e73120d161898ace6e651b842d1", "text": "Exploding Plastic Inevitable The Exploding Plastic Inevitable , sometimes simply called Plastic Inevitable or EPI , was a series of multimedia events organized by Andy Warhol between 1966 and 1967 , featuring musical performances by The Velvet Underground and Nico , screenings of Warhol 's films , and dancing and performances by regulars of Warhol 's Factory , especially Mary Woronov and Gerard Malanga . Andy Warhol 's Exploding Plastic Inevitable is also the title of an 18-minute film by Ronald Nameth with recordings from one week of performances of the shows which were filmed in Chicago , Illinois , in 1966 . In December 1966 Warhol included a one-off magazine called The Plastic Exploding Inevitable as part of the Aspen No. 3 package .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ead1259496c39e6c9d3d4ae306bc26fd", "text": "All-over painting All-over painting refers to the non-differential treatment of the surface of a work of two-dimensional art , for instance a painting . This concept is most popularly thought of as emerging in relation to the so-called `` drip '' paintings of Jackson Pollock and the `` automatic writing '' or `` abstract calligraphy '' of Mark Tobey in the 1950s , though the applicability of the term all-over painting would be wider than that . `` All-over painting '' is not a formal style of painting and the term does not represent an `` art movement . '' Some painting under the heading color field painting displays the `` all-over '' painting style . Such a painting would fail to treat the top , for instance , differently from the bottom ; the left than the right . Uniform treatment of all sections of the surface are the hallmark of all-over painting . All-over paintings would lack a dominant point of interest , or any indication of which way is `` up . '' Some paintings by Cy Twombly have had this term applied to them . Clement Greenberg cited Janet Sobel 's as the first instance of all-over painting he had seen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0eb2466e8f32a1ab095e6ae521f5688", "text": "Stanley Boxer Stanley Boxer ( 1926-May 8 , 2000 ) was an American artist best known for thickly painted abstract works of art . He was also an accomplished sculptor and printmaker . Boxer was born in New York City , and began his formal education after World War II , when he left the Navy and studied at the Art Students League of New York . He drew , painted , made prints , and sculpted . His work was recognized by art critic Clement Greenberg , who categorized him as a color field painter , a designation which Boxer rejected . Art critic Grace Glueck wrote `` Never part of a movement or trend , though obviously steeped in the language of Modernism , the abstract painter Stanley Boxer was a superb manipulator of surfaces , intensely bonding texture and color . '' Boxer offered an explanation of his philosophy and working process : In 1953 Boxer had his first solo exhibition of paintings in New York City , and showed regularly thereafter until his death . His paintings and sculpture were represented in New York City during the late 1960s through 1974 by the Tibor de Nagy Gallery , then by the André Emmerich Gallery from 1975 until 1993 , and finally by Salander-O'Reilly Galleries until its demise in 2007 . Richard Waller , director of the University of Richmond 's Harnett Museum of Art , describes his evolution as an artist : One man museum exhibitions were held at the Rose Art Museum and the Butler Institute of American Art . His work is included in the permanent collections of numerous museums , including the Metropolitan Museum of Art , the Tate Gallery , the Museum of Modern Art and the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York , the Hirshhorn Museum in Washington , and the Boston Museum of Fine Art . Boxer received a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1975 and a National Endowment for the Arts Visual Artists Fellowship Grant in 1989 . In 1993 he was elected as a full member to the National Academy of Design . Boxer died May 8 , 2000 in Pittsfield , Massachusetts . He was 73 years old . According to Boxer 's wife of 49 years , the artist Joyce Weinstein , Boxer created more than 7,000 drawings , paintings , and sculptures , about 700 of which were part of his estate at the time of his death .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8eb962b5a7d7930e047884d888b97b0f", "text": "Social practice (art) Social practice is an art medium that focuses on engagement through human interaction and social discourse . Since it is people and their relationships that form the medium of such works -- rather than a particular process of production -- social engagement is not only a part of a work 's organization , execution or continuation , but also an aesthetic in itself : of interaction and development . Socially engaged art aims to create social and/or political change through collaboration with individuals , communities , and institutions in the creation of participatory art . The discipline values the process of a work over any finished product or object . Artists working in social practice co-create their work with a specific audience or propose critical interventions within existing social systems that inspire debate or catalyze social exchange . The large overlap between social practice and pedagogy demonstrates the need for art education to embrace collaborative practice . Social practice work focuses on the interaction between the audience , social systems , and the artist through aesthetics , ethics , collaboration , methodology , antagonism , media strategies , and social activism . The social interaction component inspires , drives , or , in some instances , completes the project . Although projects may incorporate traditional studio media , they are realized in a variety of visual or social forms ( depending on variable contexts and participant demographics ) such as performance , social activism , or mobilizing communities towards a common goal . The diversity of approaches pose specific challenges for documenting social practice work , as the aesthetic of human interaction changes rapidly and involves many people simultaneously . Consequently , images frequently fail to do justice to the engagement and interactions that take place during a project .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "29ab09fe0db3c828c106976a10855697", "text": "The arts The arts is a general term for the theory and physical expression of creativity found in human societies and cultures . Major constituents of the arts include literature -- including poetry , novels and short stories , and epic poetry ; performing arts -- among them music , dance , and theatre ; culinary arts such as baking , chocolatiering , and winemaking ; media arts like photography and cinematography , and visual arts -- including drawing , painting , ceramics , and sculpting . Some art forms combine a visual element with performance ( e.g. film ) or artwork with the written word ( e.g. comics ) . From prehistoric cave paintings to modern day films , art serves as a vessel for storytelling and conveying humankind 's relationship with its environment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "10d207ba950e0b9764f6aede50586c96", "text": "Winslow Wilson Arthur William Wilson ( July 20 , 1892 -- November 18 , 1974 ) was an American artist who painted under several known pseudonyms , including Winslow Wilson and Pico Miran . In Gloucester , Wilson/Miran has been considered an early actor in the Post Modern Art Movement . He is widely quoted from his Manifesto For Post-Modern Art , published in 1951 , under the name Pico Miran . Wilson was born in Brady , Texas in 1892 , one of five sons of Horace and Stella Wilson . The family moved to Junction , Texas , and it was here that he graduated high school . He attended Texas A&M in 1910-1911 as a Chemical Engineering Major , but transferred to Harvard with the support of professors at Texas A&M . Wilson attended Harvard College between 1911-1915 , becoming an Editor of The Harvard Monthly with his friends John Dos Passos and E. E. Cummings . Wilson would go on to share an apartment at 21 East 15th Street in New York City with E.E. Cummings . He enlisted in the U.S. Military during 1917-1919 , joining John Dos Passos and E.E. Cummings and other Harvard students in France . He spent time in Paris with E.E. Cummings , and mingled with Salvador Dali , Pablo Picasso and other influential painters of the period in London and Paris in the 1920s . In fact , Wilson maintained lifelong friendships with many of the Harvard Aesthetes , including Cummings and Dos Passos . During his days at Harvard , Wilson was playfully known as `` Tex '' , a nickname that stayed with him for life . Wilson was active in the New York , NY , Lime Rock , CT , Newport , RI , Gloucester , MA , and Rockport , MA art scenes between the 1930 's -- 1972 . Wilson painted post-modern artwork utilizing the name Pico Miran in his Gloucester , Massachusetts studio , taught portraiture at the Rockport Art Association in Rockport , Massachusetts under the name Winslow Wilson , and painted seascapes as Winslow Wilson in his Rockport , Massachusetts studio . Wilson was strongly influenced by his time at Harvard and World War I . In addition to a tragic event in Boston which resulted in the death of one of Wilson 's friends in 1912 , there is evidence that Wilson encountered trauma during World War I. Art became a vehicle through which Wilson found solace . His Post-Modern artwork is replete with images of industrial and nuclear effects upon the common man , and those who knew him confirm that he was consumed with the concept of a nuclear holocaust . Growing up in rural Texas , to a life in Boston and New York , friendships with intellectuals , Wilson 's writings reveal a man who held his craft and opinions in high regard . Understanding that Wilson eschewed family relationships while fully immersing himself as a bit of an artistic recluse , provides an insight into the life of this artist . Wilson painted seascapes in his Rockport , Massachusetts studio . His seascapes were exhibited at Vose Gallery in Boston . In a letter dated January 24 , 1991 , Robert C. Vose , Jr. , of Vose Gallery , confirmed that the gallery `` did give -LCB- Wilson -RCB- an exhibition in our galleries in Boston '' and stated `` We thought of -LCB- the paintings -RCB- of excellent quality , and much in the spirit of Frederick Waugh '' . Eleanor Roosevelt chaired a one-man art show held in New York City entitled `` Paintings of the Sea '' . On June 4 , 1951 , the First Lady , Eleanor Roosevelt `` blogged '' in her My Day report , that she had visited this exhibit , and she reported : `` In certain ones the light made one think of tropical climates ; in others the shores of Maine seemed to stand out . More often the sky and the sea were stormy , but the light was nearly always breaking through . Let us hope that out of this turbulent period in history the light will break through for all human beings '' . Under the pseudonym of Pico Miran painted in his Gloucester studio . Upon occasion , he would have a visitor , however the room in which he painted was never open . His post-modern art , or as he referred to it as `` super-realistic '' , is replete with political and religious tones , and is highly reflective of the nuclear and mechanical themes of the period . Wilson was a member of the Rockport Art Association from 1946 through 1972 , and for many of those years he taught portraiture . His portraits have included local Gloucester residents and friends . Following Wilson 's death in 1974 , his long-term companion , Jane Grey ( an accomplished portrait artist ) , gifted his paintings to his only son , Horace Peter Wilson . Those paintings remained stored in Kansas City until 2012 , at which time the paintings were distributed to Wilson 's grandchildren . In 2014 , Dave Rich , a Gloucester native , stated in a correspondence with Peter Anastas : `` ... would take an interest in the precocious postmodernism of Pico Miran . His value lies in his theorizing postmodernity , and making the first forays into postmodern visual art -- the seascapes were a virtuoso performance ; Winslow was no less a character than Pico or Tex. . In that sense he was a performance artist . A kind of Andy Kaufman who took personae and masks to the extreme . On this conceptual level , if explained as such , Wilson ought to be recovered ; and could be recovered by an astute and enterprising curator . '' The paintings are in the process of being professionally restored and framed , and efforts are underway to showcase Wilson 's paintings . A website exists with the roots of a biography about the artist , currently being documented and researched by Claudia Wilson Howard in conjunction with interested parties across the United States .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "203de64849a849f1b7518ceb44f4e230", "text": "Windsor, Ontario Windsor ( -LSB- ˈwɪnzər -RSB- ) is a city in Ontario and the southernmost city in Canada . It is located on the southern shore of the Detroit River , directly across the river from Detroit , Michigan . Windsor is a major contributor to Canada 's automotive industry and has a storied history and a diverse culture . Windsor is among the best places to retire in Ontario , according to Comfort Life , a publication for seniors , partly because of the low cost of living . According to this source , the Globe and Mail also makes this recommendation .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "05bba7d9958a1c7948140f31122e8685", "text": "Politics of Ontario The Province of Ontario is governed by a unicameral legislature , the Legislative Assembly of Ontario , which operates in the Westminster system of government . The political party that wins the largest number of seats in the legislature normally forms the government , and the party 's leader becomes premier of the province , i.e. , the head of the government . Ontario 's primary political parties are the centre-left Ontario Liberal Party , the centre-right Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario ( PC ) , and the social democratic Ontario New Democratic Party ( NDP ) . The Green Party of Ontario has seen its support grow over the years - to 8.1 % of the vote in 2007 - but has yet to win a seat in the Legislature .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54f0fe20c208c32803957f22069200be", "text": "Windsor Park Collegiate, Winnipeg Windsor Park Collegiate ( WPC ) is a public secondary school in Winnipeg , Manitoba , within the Louis Riel School Division .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47161f90c36f76ad823e8eecf3513c2a", "text": "National Register of Historic Places listings in Windsor, Connecticut __ NOTOC __ This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Windsor , Connecticut . This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Windsor , Connecticut , United States . The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below , may be seen in various online maps . There are more than 400 properties and districts listed on the National Register in Hartford County , including 21 National Historic Landmarks . The 41 properties and districts located in the town of Windsor include one National Historic Landmark and are listed below . The properties and districts in the remaining parts of the county are listed separately .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4461698c4f7cf0e7956b71abdca929ba", "text": "Windsor Way (Vancouver) Windsor Way is a special community street that links four parks and three elementary schools as well as a bike path in East Vancouver , Canada , which was identified as a local Greenway in the Kensington-Cedar Cottage Visioning process . As there was no funding available to turn the many blocks of this street into a local Greenway , the local community worked with the City of Vancouver planning department to implement a demonstration project called `` Blooming Boulevards '' . This demonstration project allowed residents to garden the frontages of their yards between the street and the sidewalk . This section of street contains the wires and ducts of the city , and this was the first time that gardening on these city owned frontages was allowed . The program was so successful that Blooming Boulevards are now city policy and boulevards are now gardened throughout the city .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "513db8737a6743497b9d3bbff5e3dc4e", "text": "Windsor and Royal Borough Museum Windsor and Royal Borough Museum is a museum of the history of the town of Windsor , in the English county of Berkshire . It is accommodated within Windsor Guildhall a Grade 1 listed building .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87bdb420bcd14f0464690455ce51e07f", "text": "Culture in Toronto Toronto is the largest city of Canada and one of its most ethnically diverse ; many immigrant cultures have brought their traditions , languages and music . It is a city of many museums , theatres , festival events and sports activities .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4c241b5d3e79831992e288b3adfe3544", "text": "Metro Toronto Parks and Culture Metro Toronto Parks and Culture was a department within the former Regional Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto . The department was responsible for maintaining major parks and cultural sites around Metro Toronto , Canada . Parks - now under Toronto Parks and Recreation Morningside Park Glen Rouge Park and stables Humber Bay Park Colonel Samuel Smith Park Sunnybrook Park and stables Toronto Islands and the Toronto Island ferries Bluffers Park Colonel Danforth Park Lower Don Parkland / Don Valley Brickworks Marie Curtis Park Culture O'Keefe Centre - now the Sony Centre for the Performing Arts Metro Toronto Zoo - now Toronto Zoo Black Creek Pioneer Village Toronto Heritage Exhibition Place - park used by the Canadian National Exhibition or `` The Ex '' Museums other than the Royal Ontario Museum , Bata Shoe Museum", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0cb1b42e0a949eaf2cee3dadcf286880", "text": "Southern Ontario Gothic Southern Ontario Gothic is a subgenre of the Gothic novel genre and a feature of Canadian literature that comes from Southern Ontario . This region includes Toronto , Southern Ontario 's major industrial cities ( Windsor , London , Hamilton , St. Thomas , Oshawa , St. Catharines ) , and the surrounding countryside . While the genre may also feature other areas of Ontario , Canada , and the world as narrative locales , this region provides the core settings . The term was first used in Graeme Gibson 's Eleven Canadian Novelists ( 1972 ) to recognize an existing tendency to apply aspects of the Gothic novel to writing based in and around Southern Ontario . In an interview with Timothy Findley , Gibson commented that Findley 's novel The Last of the Crazy People shared similarities with the American Southern Gothic genre , to which Findley replied , '' ... sure , it 's Southern Gothic : Southern Ontario Gothic . '' Notable writers of this subgenre include Alice Munro , Margaret Atwood , Robertson Davies , Jane Urquhart , Marian Engel , James Reaney and Barbara Gowdy . Like the Southern Gothic of American writers such as William Faulkner , Flannery O'Connor and Eudora Welty , Southern Ontario Gothic analyzes and critiques social conditions such as race , gender , religion and politics , but in a Southern Ontario context . Southern Ontario Gothic is generally characterized by a stern realism set against the dour small-town Protestant morality stereotypical of the region , and often has underlying themes of moral hypocrisy . Actions and people that act against humanity , logic , and morality all are portrayed unfavourably , and one or more characters may be suffering from some form of mental illness . In a review of Alice Munro 's Dear Life for Quill & Quire , literary critic James Grainger writes that `` Violence , illness , and reputations ruined by a single indiscretion are accepted in Munro 's secretive , repressed communities as a kind of levelling mechanism , rough justice for those who dare to strive for something finer . '' The Gothic novel has traditionally examined the role of evil in the human soul , and has incorporated dark or horrific imagery to create the desired setting . Some ( but not all ) writers of Southern Ontario Gothic use supernatural or magic realist elements ; a few deviate from realism entirely , in the manner of the fantastical gothic novel . Virtually all dwell to a certain extent upon the grotesque . Notable works of the genre include Davies ' Deptford Trilogy , Findley 's Headhunter , Atwood 's Alias Grace and The Blind Assassin , and Munro 's Selected Stories . The genre has been criticised as having `` little or nothing to distinguish it from everyday , garden-variety type realism . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e52dcb00caab652fe29726a164d42d0", "text": "Capitol Theatre (Windsor, Ontario) The Capitol Theatre is a historic theatre in Windsor , Ontario , Canada . Opened in 1920 as the Vaudeville Theatre by Marcus Loew at a cost of approximately $ 600,000 , and designed by Thomas White Lamb , it was the largest single floor theatre in Canada at the time , with 1,995 seats . In 1922 , it assumed its current name , as the Capitol Theatre . The theatre was one of sixteen Canadian theatres Lamb designed , including Toronto 's Pantages ( now the Ed Mirvish Theatre ) , The Elgin and Winter Garden Theatres , and the Ottawa Capitol .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fbef9f5d6eb2383f9a6439ee8b8832a2", "text": "Canadian Club of Toronto The Canadian Club of Toronto is a club in Toronto which meets several times a month to hear lunchtime speeches given by invited guests from the fields of politics , law , business , the arts , the media , and other prominent fields . In the days before radio and television , the Club provided a chance for influential Torontonians to have contact with Canadian and international leaders in a variety of fields . Even today , the club manages to attract notable speakers . Some examples of speakers to address the club since the year 2000 include Paul Martin , Stephen Harper , Vladimir Putin , Paul Bremer , Bob Rae , Michael Dell , Jean Charest , John de Chastelain , Ted Rogers , Roy McMurtry , Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo , Margaret Atwood , Karen Kain , Ralph Klein , David Frum , Pamela Wallin , John Manley , Beverley McLachlin , Dalton McGuinty , Belinda Stronach , David Dodge , Pinball Clemons , Gordon Campbell , Louise Arbour , Adrienne Clarkson , Donovan Bailey , Anne Mulcahy , and Jack Layton . The Canadian Club has long had a role in Canadian life as an opinion-formation vehicle for some of Toronto 's most prominent citizens . The Canadian Club of Toronto was founded in 1897 by a Hamilton journalist . Speeches were initially given in the evening , but starting in 1899 , the club moved to its present lunchtime format . In 1903 , several members of the Canadian Club , concerned that the club was not sufficiently opposed to the wave of anti-British sentiment being expressed in the wake of the Alaskan Boundary Tribunal decision , left the Canadian Club to found the more pro-British Empire Club of Canada . As of 2010 , the Canadian Club 's luncheons are normally held on Mondays in the Fairmont Royal York Hotel . As noted on their website : `` The Canadian Club is not-for-profit and holds no political or religious affiliations . There are currently forty Canadian Clubs in various cities around Canada . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ede84ee4235e6ce6509ab6e91c855871", "text": "Black Nova Scotians Black Nova Scotians are Black Canadians whose ancestors fled the Colonial United States as slaves or freemen , and later settled in Nova Scotia , Canada during the 18th and early 19th centuries . As of the 2011 Census of Canada , 20,790 black people live in Nova Scotia , most in Halifax , though a large number of Black Nova Scotians have migrated to Toronto , Ontario since the 1950s . Before the immigration reforms of the 1960s , Black Nova Scotians formed 37 % of the total Black Canadian population . The first black person in Nova Scotia arrived with the founding of Port Royal in 1605 . Black people were then brought as slaves to Nova Scotia during the founding of Louisbourg and Halifax . The first major migration of blacks to Nova Scotia happened during the American Revolution , where blacks were fleeing slavery in the United States . At the same time , educational opportunities began to develop with the establishment of Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts ( Bray Schools ) in Nova Scotia . The decline of slavery in Nova Scotia happened in large part by local judicial decisions in keeping with those by the British courts of the late 18th century . The next major migration of blacks happened during the War of 1812 , again blacks were escaping slavery in the United States . The opportunities for Black Nova Scotians began to open in the 19th century with the creation of institutions such as the Royal Acadian School and the Cornwallis Street Baptist Church . There were further developments in the 20th century with the establishment of the organizations such as Nova Scotia Association for the Advancement of Colored People , the Nova Scotia Human Rights Commission , the Black United Front and the Black Cultural Centre for Nova Scotia . In the 21st Century , there has been many initiatives in Nova Scotia to address past harms done to Black Nova Scotians such as the Africville Apology , the Viola Desmond Pardon and the restorative justice initiative for the Nova Scotia Home for Colored Children .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68fa3c4e60f9307dba519705dd9fd0c2", "text": "First Church of Windsor The First Church in Windsor , Connecticut is the oldest Congregational church in Connecticut . Its origin can be traced back to 1630 , when 140 men and women sailed out of Plymouth , England on the Mary & John . This was the first of 17 ships in the so-called Winthrop Fleet , bound for the Massachusetts Bay Colony . When they heard from the Indians about the fertile land along the Connecticut River in what is now called the Connecticut River Valley , a small contingent of settlers travelled southwest and established the first settlement in Connecticut at Windsor in 1633 . Word soon spread that Windsor was a good place in which to settle : in 1635 , the congregation of the First Church departed from their homes in Dorchester , Massachusetts to relocate to Connecticut .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "48e28bb4a16833b13df3a4e9cdaac655", "text": "Queen's Park (Toronto) Queen 's Park is an urban park in Downtown Toronto , Ontario , Canada . Opened in 1860 by Edward , Prince of Wales , it was named in honour of Queen Victoria . The park is the site of the Ontario Legislative Building , which houses the Legislative Assembly of Ontario , and the phrase `` Queen 's Park '' is regularly used as a metonym for the Government of Ontario . The park is nearly an enclave of the University of Toronto , which occupies most of the surrounding lands . In 1854 , the land was leased by the University of Toronto to the City of Toronto for a 999-year term . In 1880 , a `` portion of the Queen 's Park -LSB- was -RSB- selected -LSB- and given to -RSB- the Government of Ontario , as a site for the erection of new Legislative and Departmental buildings '' . The land that is occupied by Legislative Assembly of Ontario is owned by the Government of Ontario . The north park is owned by the University of Toronto and leased to the city . Ministry buildings of the Ontario government occupy other properties to the east of the park , in an area between Wellesley Street and Grosvenor Street . While not adjacent to the park , the Royal Ontario Museum and the Gardiner Museum are located nearby .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "704f7f071d2cf89a82b358dca0166e4d", "text": "Culture of New England The culture of New England comprises a shared heritage and culture primarily shaped by its indigenous peoples , early English colonists , and waves of immigration from Europe , Asia , Africa , and the Americas . In contrast to other American regions , many of New England 's earliest Puritan settlers came from eastern England , contributing to New England 's distinctive accents , foods , customs , and social structures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f3dad541ffa8c10ea06b8ae9fe080542", "text": "Talbot Trail Public School Talbot Trail Public School is a public elementary school in Windsor , Ontario . Built in 2005 to ease overcrowding at neighbouring elementary schools , Talbot Trail is known for being the first of several planned `` themed '' schools to be built in Ontario , and the school 's theme of exploration led it to be honoured as one of the Top 25 Schools in Canada by a 2007 edition of Today 's Parent magazine .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "471988de30007725fde9ab307a52eab4", "text": "Culture of the United Kingdom The culture of the United Kingdom is influenced by the UK 's history as a developed island country , a liberal democracy and a major power ; its predominantly Christian religious life ; and its composition of four countries -- England , Wales , Scotland and Northern Ireland -- each of which has distinct customs , cultures and symbolism . The wider culture of Europe has also influenced British culture , and Humanism , Protestantism and representative democracy developed from broader Western culture . British literature , music , cinema , art , theatre , comedy , media , television , philosophy , architecture and education are important aspects of British culture . The United Kingdom is also prominent in science and technology , producing world-leading scientists ( e.g. Isaac Newton and Charles Darwin ) and inventions . Sport is an important part of British culture ; numerous sports originated in the country , including football . The UK has been described as a `` cultural superpower '' , and London has been described as a world cultural capital . The Industrial Revolution , which started in the UK , had a profound effect on the socio-economic and cultural conditions of the world . As a result of the British Empire , significant British influence can be observed in the language , law , culture and institutions of a geographically wide assortment of countries , including Australia , Canada , India , the Republic of Ireland , New Zealand , Nigeria , Pakistan , South Africa , the United States and English speaking Caribbean nations . These states are sometimes collectively known as the Anglosphere , and are among Britain 's closest allies . In turn the empire also influenced British culture , particularly British cuisine . The cultures of England , Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland are diverse and have varying degrees of overlap and distinctiveness .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c0e5ac85986a1d51a0227077f5e5a62", "text": "Ojibway Prairie Complex The Ojibway Prairie Complex is a 350-hectare complex of parks and nature reserves on the west side of Windsor , Ontario , Canada . It comprises Ojibway Park , Tallgrass Prairie Heritage Park , Black Oak Heritage Park , Ojibway Prairie Provincial Nature Reserve , and the Spring Garden Natural Area . The complex should not be confused with Ojibway Provincial Park , some 1100 km away in northwestern Ontario . The Ojibway Prairie Complex includes the Ojibway Nature Centre , which administers the Ojibway Park Tallgrass , and Black Oak Heritage Park , and also offers free exhibits , public education , and summer programmes for children . Habitats at the Ojibway Prairie Complex include forests , ponds , and prairie . Ojibway is home to a wide variety of wildlife , including many species of turtles , lizards , snakes , toads , frogs , salamanders , opossums , shrews , and bats . A great variety of birds can also be seen . The complex is popular with a wide variety of visitors , particularly birdwatchers and wildlife enthusiasts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5039d70c01fe2e32e39bfd17f55d5575", "text": "Windsor School, Chile Windsor School is a private cooperative school founded in 1959 , in Valdivia , Chile . Once bilingual , the school however promotes the study of English language with international exchange programs and an English laboratory . The Windsor School has also football , basketball , hockey , volleyball and rugby teams , and participates in the ELSA games arranged by Southern Chile 's English schools .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d58a6d3f3e8bdaea2356aa9cb69b9ec", "text": "CBE-FM CBE-FM is the callsign of the CBC Radio 2 station in Windsor , Ontario , Canada . The station broadcasts at 89.9 FM , and was launched in 1978 . It is not rebroadcast on any other transmitters .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "636b7169dbdddcb28b3ebc2d91b2507a", "text": "Westfest Westfest is a free arts festival in Ottawa , Ontario , formerly taking place in Westboro Village during the second weekend of June , but now taking place in the Laroche Park , in the Mechanicsville area of Ottawa , the first weekend in June . The festival brings in over 300 artists , 150 volunteers and 40 staff over the weekend and features only Canadian talent . Westfest has been dedicated to bringing into the spotlight up and coming Canadian talent , while also featuring some of the best known names in the scene . The festival was founded in 2003 by Elaina Martin . The range of artistic disciplines includes music , contemporary dance , visual art , media art , performance art , spoken word , poetry and fiction readings , Aboriginal art forms , and children 's entertainment . The lineup for the Westfest 2016 has been announced and is aptly titled `` Homemade Jam . ''", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "49f38657d3e24a489ab6793f473842f4", "text": "Antonio Vivaldi Antonio Lucio Vivaldi ( -LSB- anˈtɔːnjo ˈluːtʃo viˈvaldi -RSB- ; 4 March 1678 -- 28 July 1741 ) was an Italian Baroque composer , virtuoso violinist , teacher and cleric . Born in Venice , he is recognized as one of the greatest Baroque composers , and his influence during his lifetime was widespread across Europe . He composed many instrumental concertos , for the violin and a variety of other instruments , as well as sacred choral works and more than forty operas . His best-known work is a series of violin concertos known as The Four Seasons . Many of his compositions were written for the female music ensemble of the Ospedale della Pietà , a home for abandoned children where Vivaldi ( who had been ordained as a Catholic priest ) was employed from 1703 to 1715 and from 1723 to 1740 . Vivaldi also had some success with expensive stagings of his operas in Venice , Mantua and Vienna . After meeting the Emperor Charles VI , Vivaldi moved to Vienna , hoping for preferment . However , the Emperor died soon after Vivaldi 's arrival , and Vivaldi himself died less than a year later in poverty .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "2fe2c05f2e259bc92a134a070d7f55c4", "text": "Antonio Demo Father Antonio Demo ( S. Lazzaro at Bassano del Grappa , Italy , April 23 , 1870 - New York City , January 2 , 1936 ) was a New York City Italian American priest and civic activist . He studied at seminaries in Italy and entered the Scalabrini Order in 1894 . Ordained a priest on July 20 , 1896 , the same year he emigrated to the United States . He initially did missionary work for two years in the parish of S. Heart in Boston , which served a congregation of Italian immigrants mostly from Genoa . On July 19 , 1899 he was assigned as assistant pastor of Our Lady of Pompei Church , established in 1892 by Father Pietro Bandini in New York City 's Greenwich Village on Bleecker and Carmine Streets . In 1900 he was appointed pastor of the church , which served what was then one of largest Italian-American communities in America . Father Demo exercised his apostolate among the Italian immigrants , serving until 1923 also as the director of the St. Raphael Society for the Protection of Italian Immigrants , an organization that had been specifically formed in 1891 by Bandini to assist newly arrived immigrants and that he helped to strengthen . His spiritual care and leadership were put to test on March 25 , 1911 when he had to respond to the tragic Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire , which claimed the lives of 146 female employees . Because of his many merits in the care of the Italian community he was decorated with the `` Cross of Knight of the Crown of Italy '' . In 1923 Father Demo learned that the church would have to be demolished to allow extension of the Sixth Avenue . Father Demo organized a campaign to buy a nearby property and with the help of a leading Italian American architect , Matthew Del Gaudio , build a new church , and rectory . The new church could already be available for the congregation in May 1927 . In late Summer 1931 the parochial school also was opened . In 1935 Father Demo became Pompei 's pastor emeritus and superintendent of its parochial school . He died in 1936 in New York , and thousands of parishioners and friends , including Mayor Fiorello La Guardia , paid their respects . In 1941 , the intersection of Bleecker Street and Sixth Avenue was named Father Demo Square . In 2009 , after a renovation , Father Demo Square was honored with a Village Award by the Greenwich Village Society for Historic Preservation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c7e557c8ad32937211464d904960dec4", "text": "Motezuma Motezuma is an opera in three acts by Antonio Vivaldi with an Italian libretto by Alvise Giusti . The libretto is very loosely based on the life of the Aztec ruler Montezuma who died in 1520 . The first performance was given in the Teatro Sant ` Angelo in Venice on 14 November 1733 . ( In earlier reference books the opera is referred to as Montezuma , but since the reappearance of the original manuscript this has been corrected to Motezuma . ) The music was thought to have been lost , but was discovered in 2002 in the archive of the music library of the Sing-Akademie zu Berlin . Its first fully staged performance in modern times took place in Düsseldorf , Germany , on 21 September 2005 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5dbbc8a048eb58a1cb573eb0f075e992", "text": "History of Venice Venice is a city in Italy . It was also an independent republic from the 8th century to 1797 . For the history of the city , see History of the city of Venice . For the Republic , see History of the Republic of Venice .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "30967e8b1535a5d07a8be3dc4bbc4d5a", "text": "Viggiano Viggiano is a town and comune in the province of Potenza , in the Southern Italian region of Basilicata . It is bounded by the comuni of Calvello , Corleto Perticara , Grumento Nova , Laurenzana , Marsicovetere , Montemurro . Viggiano is known to be land of migrant street musicians who brought their music in Italy and worldwide through the centuries , as well as renowned for the construction of the harps . Many viggianesi had the opportunity to play in many symphonic orchestras in Europe , United States and Australia . The street musicians from Viggiano are cited as an influence on Hector Malot 's Sans Famille . Today Viggiano is known to be home to Europe 's biggest oil field that makes Italy the third-largest oil producer of the continent , behind Norway and United Kingdom . The comune hosts the International Flute Competition `` Leonardo De Lorenzo '' , some the jury members over the years include Jean-Pierre Rampal , Julius Baker , Jindřich Feld , Susan Milan , Carol Wincenc and Ransom Wilson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d4022d1b5250a009058c9d81b08947d", "text": "Fabio Lombardi Fabio Lombardi ( born in 1961 ) is an Italian ethnomusicologist and organologist who studied , at the Bologna University , with Roberto Leydi , Tullia Magrini and the organologist Febo Guizzi . Born in Meldola , Romagna , in the 1980s he made an ethnic musical field research in Emilia-Romagna , near Forlì and along the Bidente valley ( Meldola , Cusercoli , Bertinoro , Predappio , Forlimpopoli , Civitella , Galeata , Santa Sofia , Bagno di Romagna ) which has contributed to a better knowledge of Italian ethnic music ( music of Italy ) , particularly regarding musical instruments : he discovered some unknown ethnic instruments ( ethnic instrument ) both in Italy and Europe . For example , see : a type of mirliton improperly named `` Ocarina '' kazoo . Other Lombardi 's works are on the local history of Meldola , Riccione , Forlì and other topics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "077ceb04a55d6dea180ec31dda2d1e87", "text": "Battle of Castelfidardo The Battle of Castelfidardo was a battle of the Expedition of the Thousand that took place on 18 September 1860 , at Castelfidardo , a small town in the Marche region of Italy . It was fought between the Sardinian army - acting as the driving force in the war for Italian unification , against the Papal States . On 7 September , Cavour , Prime Minister of Piedmont , sent an ultimatum to the Pope demanding that he dismiss his foreign troops . When he failed to do this , 35,000 troops crossed the border on 11 September , with General Cialdini advancing along the Adriatic coast and General Della Rocca leading another troop across Umbria . The Papal troops were caught by surprise and thrown into confusion . Some of the Papal troops surrendered the same day and some retreated to Ancona which fell on 29 September 1860 after a short siege . As a result of this battle , the Marches and Umbria entered in the Kingdom of Italy and the extent of the Papal States was reduced to the area of what is today known as Lazio . The battle is remembered for being bloody , and for the highly disparate numbers of troops - less than 10,000 papal soldiers to 39,000 Sardinians . The papal army was composed of volunteers from many different European countries , amongst whom the French and Belgian nationals constituted a Franco-Belgian battalion . Among the French volunteers were a notable number of nobles from western France : after the battle , whilst consulting the list of dead and wounded members of the papal army , the Sardinian general Cialdini is reported to have said , in an example of rather black humor , `` you would think this was a list of invites for a ball given by Louis XIV ! ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d5d7b6a8dbcecb25935f00c82e9694f6", "text": "Building Little Italy Building Little Italy : Philadelphia 's Italians before Mass Migration is a 1998 nonfiction book by Richard N. Juliani , published by Penn State University Press . The book discusses Italian immigration to Philadelphia , Pennsylvania from its beginnings in the 1750s through the 1870s . The book discusses the individual Italian Americans and the social issues the early Italian American community faced . John Zucchi of McGill University wrote that Building Little Italy was against the practice of being filiopietistic , or members of an ethnic group emphasizing `` the presence of their `` tribe '' in a particular locale from the early history of a European presence in that locus '' in order `` to bolster the community or to respond to a perceived self-disesteem of their ethnic group '' . Stefano Luconi of the University of Florence wrote that this book differed from a trend of most research of Italian Americans being `` a hagiographic defense of Italian immigrants ' contributions to the cultural , political , and economic development of American society to counter negative stereotypes of Italians as foreigners incapable of assimilation into their adoptive country . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aed02e48f32e0514589e6693426227bc", "text": "Società Anonima Decostruzionismi Organici The S.A.D.O. ( Società Anonima Decostruzionismi Organici , Anonymous Society of Organic Deconstructionisms ) band took shape in 1994 in Italy , from the Arcansiel group ( Gianni Opezzo , Paolo Baltaro and Sandro Marinoni ) , with Diego Marzi on percussion . In the same year , they recorded the songs that would be included in Implosioni , their first album . One year later , in 1995 , they recorded Teratoarchetipia , followed by La Differanza in 2002 . In the meantime , the group went on tour in Italy and Europe . In 2007 , with Boris Savoldelli on vocals , Luigi Ranghino on piano , and Andrea Beccaro on drums joining in , they recorded Holzwege ( published by AMS ) and carried out a live sound deconstruction in seven movements based on the seven propositions from the `` Tractatus Logico Philosophicus '' by Ludwig Wittgenstein . In 2008 , they brought on stage `` Un Imprescindibile Momento di Cultura Italiana '' ( An Indispensable Moment of Italian Culture ) , a show based on deconstructing classical songs from the 20th-century Italian pop music repertoire . From the original shooting of the show , taking place at `` Le Pétit Theatre des Officine Sonore '' in Vercelli , they later drew the homonymous discographic release . Each concert is conceived as a single pièce , with a strong presence of the extemporaneous component , combined with rigorous and elaborate written parts . The S.A.D.O. have attended several musical and cultural events , the last one being the `` Musica e Letteratura '' meeting , organized by the Faculty of Philosophy of the Università del Piemonte Orientale ( Italy ) . Most noteworthily , in 2008 they were awarded as winners of the twelfth edition of the `` Omaggio Demetrio Stratos '' and the `` Premio Darwin musiche italiane non convenzionali '' . In 2010 , the fashion designer Rui Leonardes used their song `` Aristotele 's Tantalium Condenser '' ( from the Holzwege album ) as the soundtrack for his 2010 collection show during the London Fashion Week ( The Bathhouse ) in London . In 2011 they were awarded as winners of the 2010 edition of the Prog Award as BEST 2010 PRODUCTION for Weather Underground . The song CHAOS part 1 is the soundtrack of `` Ciao Dott . Charcot '' by Anita Pantin , presented at Latino Videoart Festival of New York 2011", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4231ec6994480c1ca1ddab0c8da8203b", "text": "The Four Seasons (Vivaldi) The Four Seasons ( Le quattro stagioni ) is a group of four violin concerti by Italian composer Antonio Vivaldi , each of which gives a musical expression to a season of the year . They were written around 1721 and were published in 1725 in Amsterdam , together with eight additional violin concerti , as Il cimento dell ` armonia e dell ` inventione ( `` The Contest Between Harmony and Invention '' ) . The Four Seasons is the best known of Vivaldi 's works . Unusually for the time , Vivaldi published the concerti with accompanying poems ( possibly written by Vivaldi himself ) that elucidated what it was about those seasons that his music was intended to evoke . It provides one of the earliest and most-detailed examples of what was later called program music -- music with a narrative element . Vivaldi took great pains to relate his music to the texts of the poems , translating the poetic lines themselves directly into the music on the page . In the middle section of the Spring concerto , where the goatherd sleeps , his barking dog can be marked in the viola section . Other natural occurrences are similarly evoked . Vivaldi separated each concerto into three movements , fast-slow-fast , and likewise each linked sonnet into three sections .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "041ab94923900111ea69ba7e6af476ce", "text": "Antonio Vivarini Antonio Vivarini ( Antonio of Murano ) ( active ca. 1440 -- 1480 ) was an Italian painter of the early Renaissance-late Gothic period , who worked mostly in the Republic of Venice . He is probably the earliest of a family of painters , which was descended from a family of glassworkers active in Murano . The painting dynasty included his younger brother Bartolomeo and Antonio 's son Alvise Vivarini .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6fcf1e936087463f2b1f6311d8e496ba", "text": "Uto Ughi Diodato `` Uto '' Ughi , Cavaliere di Gran Croce OMRI ( -LSB- ` uto ` uːɡi -RSB- ; born 21 January 1944 in Busto Arsizio , Italy ) is an Italian violinist and conductor . He was the music director of l'Orchestra dell ` Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia from 1987 -- 1992 . He is considered one of Italy 's greatest living violinists and is also active in the promotion of classical music in today 's culture . When he was young he started to play the violin , at only `` 5 or 6 years '' he said , and he made his debut at 7 years old , at the Teatro Lirico di Milano . At 12 years he was considered a mature artist . He involves himself in many activities to promote music culture . He is the founder of several music festivals , namely `` Omaggio a Venezia '' , `` Omaggio a Roma '' ( 1999 -- 2002 ) and `` Uto Ughi per Roma . '' In tandem with Bruno Tosi , Uto Ughi instituted the musical prize `` Una vita per la Musica '' ( `` A life for Music '' ) . On September 4 , 1997 he was commissioned Cavaliere della Gran Croce by the Italian President and in 2002 he received a degree honoris causa in Communication studies . He has won various awards , the most prestigious `` Una vita per la musica - Leonard Bernstein '' ( 23/6/1997 ) , `` Galileo 2000 '' prize ( 5/7/2003 ) and the international prize `` Ostia Mare '' ( 8/8/2003 ) . Ughi has possessed the following fine instruments : the Van Houten-Kreutzer ( 1701 ) and Sinsheimer-General Kyd-Perlman ( 1714 ) by Antonio Stradivari ; and the Kortschak-Wurlitzer ( 1739 ) , Ole Bull ( 1744 ) and Cariplo-Hennel-Rosé ( 1744 ) by Giuseppe Guarneri del Gesù . He received the America Award of the Italy-USA Foundation in 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1a11a1828654b0c005bf1720e6ef2451", "text": "Concertato Concertato is a term in early Baroque music referring to either a genre or a style of music in which groups of instruments or voices share a melody , usually in alternation , and almost always over a basso continuo . The term derives from Italian concerto which means `` playing together '' -- hence concertato means `` in the style of a concerto . '' In contemporary usage , the term is almost always used as an adjective , for example `` three pieces from the set are in concertato style . '' A somewhat oversimplified , but useful distinction between concertato and concerto can be made : the concertato style involves contrast between opposing groups of voices and groups of instruments : the concerto style , especially as it developed into the concerto grosso later in the Baroque , involves contrast between large and small groups of similar composition ( later called `` ripieno '' and `` concertino '' ) . The style developed in Venice in the late 16th century , mainly through the work of Andrea and Giovanni Gabrieli , who were working in the unique acoustical space of St. Mark 's Cathedral . Different choirs or instrumental groupings occupied positions across the cathedral from each other : because of the sound delay from one side to the other in the large and acoustically `` live '' space , a perfect unison was difficult , and composers found that a fantastically effective music could be composed with the choirs singing across to each other , in stereo as it were ; all accompanied by organ or other groups of instruments placed in such a way that they could hear each group equally well . Music written there was quickly performed elsewhere , and compositions in the new `` concertato '' style quickly became popular elsewhere in Europe ( first in northern Italy , then in Germany and the rest of Italy , and then gradually in other parts of the continent ) . Another term sometimes used for this antiphonal use of the choirs in St. Mark 's was cori spezzati . See also Venetian polychoral style and Venetian School . In the early 17th century , almost all music with voices and basso continuo was called a concerto , though this use of the term is considerably different from the more modern meaning ( a solo instrument or instruments accompanied by an orchestra ) . Often , sacred music in the concertato style in the early 17th century was descended from the motet : the texts that a hundred years earlier would have been set for a cappella voices singing in smooth polyphony , would now be set for voices and instruments in a concertato style . These pieces , no longer always called motets , were given a variety of names including concerto , Psalm ( if a psalm setting ) , sinfonia , or symphoniae ( for example in Heinrich Schütz 's collections of Symphoniae Sacrae ) . The concertato style made possible the composition of extremely dramatic music , one of the characteristic innovations of the early Baroque .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d09a9772ff286ea813a3119e8c9e56e5", "text": "Neoavanguardia The neoavanguardia ( `` New Vanguard '' ) was an avant-garde Italian literary movement , characterized by a strong push towards formal experimentation in language . Authors involved include Nanni Balestrini , Edoardo Sanguineti , Umberto Eco , Antonio Porta , Elio Pagliarani , Alfredo Giuliani , Giorgio Manganelli , Luigi Malerba , Germano Lombardi , Francesco Leonetti , Alberto Gozzi , Massimo Ferretti , Franco Lucentini , Amelia Rosselli , Sebastiano Vassalli and Lello Voce among others . Neoavanguardia poets , inspired by modernist English language writers such as Ezra Pound and TS Eliot and the Italian poet Emilio Villa , were opposed to the crepuscolarismo ( intimistic view ) which had characterized Italian poetry in the 20th century , and , above all , to what they defined as ` neo-capitalistic ' language . The result was quasi-parodistic language that often led to meaningless verses ( non-significanza ) and the so-called `` art as a plaything in itself . '' The movement originated as the Gruppo ' 63 , which was founded in a hotel at Solunto , near Palermo , mostly by writers who had collaborated with the Il Verri literary magazine . The conference included a theatre spectacle on works by Balestrini and Sanguineti among others . The appearance of the movement spurred fierce polemics in the Italian literary world : they were accused of being `` irrational formalists '' , `` dangerous Marxist revolutionaries '' , `` late Futurists '' or the creators of a `` renewed Arcadia '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55c536f8ca01249ed1dcf3cdb04cbd71", "text": "Aus Italien Aus Italien ( From Italy ) , Op. 16 , is a tone poem for full orchestra composed by Richard Strauss in 1886 when he was 22 years old . It was inspired by the composer 's visit to Italy ( encouraged by Johannes Brahms ) in the summer of the same year , where he travelled to Rome , Bologna , Naples , Sorrento , Salerno , and Capri . He began to sketch the work while still on the journey . The full score of the work , Strauss 's first tone poem , was completed in Munich on September 12 , 1886 . The work is named by the composer as `` Symphonic Fantasy '' , and is dedicated to his mentor Hans von Bülow . It is the only work by Richard Strauss for which he himself wrote a specific program . The entire work takes over forty minutes to perform . Strauss incorporated the tune of `` Funiculì , Funiculà '' into the symphony 's fourth part `` Scenes from Neapolitan Life '' , thinking it was a traditional Italian folk song , when it was in fact a piece written by Luigi Denza in 1880 . Denza filed a lawsuit against Strauss and eventually won .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ed97263161dd72f508ab8766119bec2", "text": "Seicento The Seicento -LSB- ˌsɛiˈtʃɛnto -RSB- is Italian history and culture during the 17th century . The seicento saw the end of the Renaissance movement in Italy and the beginning of the Counter-Reformation and the Baroque era . The word seicento means `` six hundred '' ( sei = six , cento = hundred ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2f41d51308c9a29699a11d33cc4d290", "text": "Francesco Vitelli Francesco Vitelli ( 1586 -- 1646 ) was a Roman Catholic ecclesiastic in the papal service . Vitelli was born in Città di Castello . He was made titular archbishop of Thessalonica ( 16 August 1632 ) , then successively transferred to Terni ( 1634 ) and to Urbino ( 1636 ) and appointed papal nuncio to the Republic of Venice . In 1643 Pope Urban VIII Barberini appointed him Governor of Rome , an honorary position that his absence as bishop of Urbino disabled him from taking up . He was a correspondent of the papal diplomat Guido Bentivoglio , who addressed to him his Relationi concerning Flanders , 1633 . Francesco Vitelli was of the line of Vitelli who had been rich merchants of Città di Castello , who made themselves masters of the town in the early fourteenth century , after civic confrontations with the rival Guelfucci of Brancaleone , and henceforward wielded political and military influence disproportionate to their small territory .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ebe529fb0a9ee38275ed1e9aacd29511", "text": "Antonio Neri Antonio Neri ( 29 February 1576 , Florence -- 1614 , Florence ) was a Florentine priest who published L'Arte Vetraria or The Art of Glass in 1612 . His father was a physician , and he was an herbalist , alchemist , and glassmaker . Neri traveled extensively in Italy and Holland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "379d13fe2e5099d9781390ac1482fcda", "text": "Baroque sculpture Baroque sculpture is the sculpture of the period between the early 17th and late 18th centuries associated with the Baroque cultural movement , based on exaggerated motion and drama . Stylistically , Baroque sculpture followed Renaissance sculpture and was succeeded by Neoclassical Sculpture . Gian Lorenzo Bernini is the first developer of this style and many of his works are the most important works in this period . Rome is the first place where was the style formed . After the second half of the 17th century Baroque expanded also to the other parts of Italy and Europe . France had main position in spread of Baroque art after the late 17th century , but other lands , mainly Spain , Dutch Republic and Habsburg Monarchy , supported the baroque ideas , too .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "846bff60219468ba44ae02bd0089fa87", "text": "Antonio Scotti Antonio Scotti ( 25 January 1866 -- 26 February 1936 ) was an Italian baritone . He was a principal artist of the New York Metropolitan Opera for more than 33 seasons , but also sang with great success at London 's Royal Opera House , Covent Garden , and Milan 's La Scala .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "499ac18c3c638d171e96c6d606f071fa", "text": "List of cathedrals in Italy This is a list of cathedrals in Italy , including also Vatican City and San Marino . This is intended to be a complete list of extant cathedrals - i.e. , churches that are the seats of bishops - and co-cathedrals . Many former cathedrals and proto-cathedrals are also included , but many more are yet to be added . Almost all cathedrals in Italy are Roman Catholic , but any that are not are also listed here . There are many churches in Italy commonly known as Duomo . This is often translated as `` cathedral '' , but not entirely accurately : `` duomo '' refers to the principal church of a town or city , whatever its status . Clearly , when a cathedral exists , that will often also be a town 's principal church , and many cathedrals are thus also `` duomi '' , and vice versa . This is not always so , however : there are places where the cathedral and the principal church are not the same ( Bologna , for example ) ; and very many places which are not the seats of bishops have a non-episcopal `` duomo '' and no cathedral at all . In this list , churches known as `` duomo '' are only included if they are , or have been , episcopal seats , as above . There is a very small number of churches , such as that at Monza , which have such exceptional distinction or status that they are comparable in importance to cathedrals without having ever been the seats of bishops , and are commonly known in English as cathedrals . There is a separate ( incomplete ) list for this small group of churches .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b91c0b705064cbdda833450af5aada58", "text": "Get Out (film) Get Out is a 2017 American horror film written , co-produced and directed by Jordan Peele , in his directorial debut . The film stars Daniel Kaluuya , Allison Williams , Lil Rel Howery , Bradley Whitford , Caleb Landry Jones , Stephen Root and Catherine Keener , and follows a young interracial couple who visit the mysterious estate of the woman 's parents . Get Out premiered at Sundance Film Festival on January 24 , 2017 , and was theatrically released in the United States on February 24 by Universal Pictures . The film has grossed $ 241 million worldwide against its $ 4.5 million budget and received universal acclaim from critics and audiences alike .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3c032645d69d61bd0c58d78fad297ba6", "text": "Jordan Peele Jordan Haworth Peele ( born February 21 , 1979 ) is an American actor , comedian , writer , producer , and director . He is best known for starring in the Comedy Central sketch series Key & Peele and for his five seasons as a cast member on MADtv . In 2014 , he also had a recurring role in the first season of the FX anthology series Fargo . His directorial debut , the horror film Get Out , was released in 2017 to critical acclaim and box-office success .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "c6a7601d5a3d690321e18538f1e45f48", "text": "Ruste Juxx Ruste Juxx is an American rapper . He was born and raised in Crown Heights , Brooklyn . He is a protege of Sean Price , and a frequent guest rapper on Duck Down Records recordings . His first appearance was on the song `` Magnum Force '' off Heltah Skeltah 's Magnum Force . He released his debut album , Indestructible , in 2008 via Duck Down . It was executive produced by Sean Price , and producers included Marco Polo and Black Milk . He subsequently collaborated with Marco Polo on the 2010 album The Exxecution . In 2013 , he started his own record label , Blaze My Fire . He made a video appearance on Mike Adhd 's ft. Ruste Juxx , Fes Taylor , Solomon Childs and Kromeatose - `` Bang To The Death '' prod by 4th assassin . He has also collaborated with an upcoming emcee/producer named Rezivor . In which he was featured on Rezivor 's album Die By The Pen on the track Incredible . And on Rezivor 's upcoming album Come Prepared the track titled Bombs Away . Ruste Juxx is also working on several new projects/albums .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d76c35b5733337e7e19feb39f8169fe8", "text": "Jay E Jason Lee `` Jay E '' Epperson is a St. Louis-born record producer and DJ . Jay E rose to fame as the main producer of rapper Nelly 's multi-platinum 2000 album Country Grammar which has sold more than 10 million copies worldwide . Jay E 's DJ experience started at a local St. Louis roller skating rink where he met future St. Lunatics member Ali . It was Ali who introduced Jay E to the St. Lunatics , which eventually led to Jay E producing St. Lunatic 's member Nelly 's first solo album Country Grammar . The December 2000 issue of Billboard magazine listed Jay E as number 16 of the Top 100 Producers and number 19 of the Top 100 R&B / Hip-Hop Producers of 2000 . On June 7 , 2001 , Jay E was presented with two awards from ASCAP for co-writing Nelly 's single `` Country Grammar ( Hot Shit ) '' . Jay E has gone on to work with artists such as Joss Stone , Murphy Lee , Three 6 Mafia and Dirt Nasty Sux . Currently , Jay E splits his time between studio production and live DJ sets at various St. Louis and Hollywood clubs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "716b20387a11e0a5ec4233ab9ab5640a", "text": "Lo Recordings Lo Recordings is a label founded in 1995 by Jon Tye . They are noted for their strong visual style thanks to Non-Format , with whom they work very closely and won a D&AD award for several of their releases sleeves .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3938a70b8464bed9c34c9899ed500676", "text": "Top Dawg Entertainment Top Dawg Entertainment ( TDE ) is an American independent record label founded in 2004 , by chief executive officer ( CEO ) Anthony `` Top Dawg '' Tiffith . Dave `` Miyatola '' Free and Terrence `` Punch '' Henderson are the co-presidents of TDE . There are currently eight artists signed to the label , Isaiah Rashad , SZA , Lance Skiiiwalker and SiR , as well as the flagship artists , Black Hippy members , Kendrick Lamar , Jay Rock , ScHoolboy Q and Ab-Soul . The label also houses a production division that includes Digi + Phonics , THC , and King Blue .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2aa54c97397d287b1d150e479744ae3b", "text": "Jonathan Neale Jonathan Neale is a British businessman and director of McLaren Technology Group , currently employed by McLaren Technology Group , by McLaren Group . Neale 's role includes managing the group operation , alongside Zak Brown .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f3ab8f1663a69fa327e5554fdfeca874", "text": "John Peel John Robert Parker Ravenscroft , OBE ( 30 August 1939 -- 25 October 2004 ) , known professionally as John Peel , was an English disc jockey , radio presenter , record producer and journalist . He was the longest serving of the original BBC Radio 1 DJs , broadcasting regularly from 1967 until his death in 2004 . He was one of the first broadcasters to play psychedelic rock and progressive rock records on British radio , and he is widely acknowledged for promoting artists working in various genres , including pop , reggae , indie pop , indie rock , alternative rock , punk , hardcore punk , breakcore , grindcore , death metal , British hip hop , electronic music , jungle and dance music . Fellow DJ Paul Gambaccini described Peel as `` the most important man in music for about a dozen years '' . In 2012 he was among the British cultural icons selected by artist Sir Peter Blake to appear in a new version of his most famous artwork -- the Beatles ' Sgt. Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band album cover . Peel 's Radio 1 shows were notable for the regular `` Peel sessions '' , which usually consisted of four songs recorded by an artist live in the BBC 's studios , and which often provided the first major national coverage to bands that would later achieve great fame . Another popular feature of his shows was the annual Festive Fifty countdown of his listeners ' favourite records of the year . Peel appeared occasionally on British television as one of the presenters of Top of the Pops in the 1980s , and he provided voice-over commentary for a number of BBC programmes . He became popular with the audience of BBC Radio 4 for his Home Truths programme , which ran from the 1990s , featuring unusual stories from listeners ' domestic lives .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55e250d4a2eb0085b2c29f8950af5fd9", "text": "Royal Film Commission – Jordan The Royal Film Commission of Jordan ( RFC ) was established to develop an internationally competitive Jordanian film industry . Founded in accordance with the Royal Film Commission Law No. 27 in 2003 and approved by Law No. 22 in 2008 , RFC is a financially and administratively autonomous Jordanian government organization led by a Board of Commissioners chaired by His Royal Highness Prince Ali Bin Al-Hussein . Noted Jordanian artist Ali Maher served as the film commissioner of the organization prior to his passing . The RFC is a member of the Association of Film Commissioners International ( AFCI ) . The ( AFCI ) is the official professional and educational organization for film commissions . AFCI Members assist feature , television , commercial , industrial and photography production throughout the world . The Location Managers Guild recognized the RFC with the LMGI Award for Outstanding Film Commission in 2017 for its work on Rogue One : A Star Wars Story , which filmed at Wadi Rum . The RFC had previously been nominated for its work on The Martian .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "728710fa19651d869af3e253f5b0f949", "text": "Jordan Canning Jordan Canning is a Canadian film director and writer . She has directed over a dozen short films which have screened and at festivals all over the world including the Toronto International Film Festival , the Tribeca Film Festival and Interfilm Berlin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "38eec96fbaee7708eedd590a23b5cd58", "text": "Jake Scott (director) Jake Scott ( born 1965 ) is an English film director who works primarily in the field of music videos . Most of his works were produced under the Ridley Scott Associates banner or RSA 's music video subdivision Black Dog Films . He has made videos for Soundgarden , The Smashing Pumpkins , Bush , Live , Blind Melon , Tori Amos , Tricky , Radiohead , Lily Allen , No Doubt , Oasis , The Supernaturals , The Strokes , The Verve , R.E.M. , U2 , and George Michael . In January , 2014 , he oversaw the production , with 21 editors & 15 cinematographers , of the ' 1.24.14 ' film , aired on Apple.com . He was featured in the ` Behind the Scenes ' video . He has also made two feature films , Plunkett & Macleane ( 1999 ) and Welcome to the Rileys ( 2010 ) . He is the son of director Ridley Scott , and nephew of Tony Scott and brother of directors Jordan Scott and Luke Scott . His eldest daughter is model and artist Cuba Tornado Scott .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3e5bc2c4da96c939ca4a4313fbc2ecf6", "text": "List of Key & Peele episodes Key & Peele is an American sketch comedy television series starring Keegan-Michael Key and Jordan Peele , both former cast members of MADtv . Each episode of the series consists of several pre-taped sketches starring the two actors . The sketches cover a variety of societal topics , often with a focus on African-American culture and race relations . The series premiered on January 31 , 2012 and ended on September 9 , 2015 , with a total of 53 episodes , over the course of five seasons . A special entitled `` Key & Peele 's Super Bowl Special '' aired on January 30 , 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "36a185a58a44caa1a41010a8a7e039e9", "text": "Me&John Me & John is a record production , engineering , mixing , and songwriting duo based in Toronto , Ontario , Canada . The duo is composed of Ryan Kondrat and John La Magna . The two have created music from a myriad of genres , ranging from dance , hip-hop , folk , and pop . The two met at school in 2002 . They began their career in the dance music scene as ghost writers for Jelo , Donald Glaude , and DJ Dan . They soon merged into the television and advertising side of the music industry working for Syndicate Sound in Toronto . At Syndicate Sound they were able to write music in a fully equipped professional studio , leveraging writing skills for studio time , they Produced and co-wrote Broken Social Scene presents Brendan Canning while simultaneously composing scores for Television and Film . Their next record With Shad , landed them a Polaris Prize shortlisting and a Juno for Hip Hop recording of the year . The two are currently Music Directors/Composers for Grayson Matthews in Toronto . Me & John have recently produced an Album for Lily Frost , Scored and Produced the soundtrack for Paul Schrider 's , The Canyons , with Brendan Canning , and just finished a New Documentary for Sony and Gran Turismo , KAZ : Pushing the Virtual Divide , that took home a gold , at London International in 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b3907e0f439d47ffba9e9459590723d", "text": "Unsigned artist An unsigned artist , unsigned band or independent artist is a musician or musical group not under a contract with a record label . The terms are used in the music industry as a marketing technique . Bands that release their own material on self-published CDs can also be considered unsigned bands . Often unsigned bands primarily exist to perform at concerts . In more recent years , the Internet has helped promote the music of unsigned bands . Artists often post their music as MP3s on websites such as Bandcamp , SoundCloud , Myspace , PureVolume , GarageBand.com and SoundClick . In 2016 , the Unsigned Music Awards was established in the UK as the first ever televised international awards ceremony to champion artists without the backing of a record label . UK unsigned bands and musicians are able to use such services as The Unsigned Guide and to gather music industry contact names , phone numbers , websites and social media links , as well as information on how to get signed or market music independently . Song pitching websites , such as TAXI allow unsigned musicians to see which record labels ( and other music companies ) are currently seeking new music . Further , companies like Sentric Music and the royalty payment service offered by Last.fm can help in generating income streams for unsigned bands .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a1b5cd3e318c205dd68c28fa2e12220", "text": "Rock City Club Rock City Club was created by Jack Wishna , Ofek Hayon , Brian Silver , music promoter Don Kirshner , and Michael Jackson The management team , partners , and investors attracted to the business include Internet entrepreneurs and music industry executives . One of the original creators of MTV and co-founder of Internet service provider NetZero are listed among the company 's board . It was described by the company as `` the music industry 's first Social Music Network '' . Some of the biggest music producers in the world , with 162 Grammy Awards to their names , participate in Rock City Club . The Rockcityclub.com `` Producers ' Circle '' includes Phil Ramone and Ron Dante and the people behind acts such as Lady Gaga , Madonna , Jay-Z , Michael Jackson , and Amy Winehouse . In 2012 , Rock City Club partnered with Slacker online music service to create what it described as the world 's first internet music channel devoted exclusively to giving undiscovered artists and bands the chance to have their music heard by millions of potential fans . The channel was headed by Ron Dante and includes the production expertise of people like Phil Ramone , Kerry Gordy ( son of Motown legend Berry Gordy ) , and Lamont Dozier .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8c94cd36dc086f0d708fa76209ca90f", "text": "Grammy Award for Producer of the Year, Classical The Grammy Award for Producer of the Year , Classical is an honor presented to record producers for quality classical music productions at the Grammy Awards , a ceremony that was established in 1958 and originally called the Gramophone Awards . Honors in several categories are presented at the ceremony annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States to `` honor artistic achievement , technical proficiency and overall excellence in the recording industry , without regard to album sales or chart position '' . Originally known as the Grammy Award for Classical Producer of the Year , the award was first presented to James Mallinson at the 22nd Grammy Awards ( 1980 ) . The name remained unchanged until 1998 , when the category became known as Producer of the Year , Classical . According to the category description guide for the 52nd Grammy Awards , the award is presented to album producers `` whose recordings , released for the first time during the eligibility year , represent consistently outstanding creativity in the production of classical recordings '' . Producers must have produced at least 51 % playing time on three separately released recordings ( only one of which can be an opera released in DVD format ) . Producers may submit content as a team only if they worked together exclusively during the period of eligibility . Anthony Tommasini , music critic for The New York Times , asserted that `` In the struggling field of classical recording , it 's the producers who take the real risks and make things happen . '' The honor is presented alongside the award for Producer of the Year , Non-Classical . As of 2015 , Steven Epstein and Robert Woods share the record of the most wins , with seven each . Judith Sherman has won the award four times , while David Frost and James Mallinson have been presented the award three times each . Two-time recipients include Joanna Nickrenz ( once alongside Marc Aubort ) . Woods ' wife , Elaine Martone , received the honor in 2007 . David Frost is the son of Thomas Frost , who received an award in the same category in 1987 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "78ffdd930c0fbde5dc78e456a4ee0c03", "text": "Jordan McDeere Jordan McDeere is a fictional character on the United States television series Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip , played by Amanda Peet .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cdde70ba78a7682ecbdef66a394c0a45", "text": "Lonnie Park Lonnie Park is a musician , composer , producer , and author .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc72c193930975ccbbfd6b9d068ff97b", "text": "Noisia Noisia , stylized as NOISIΛ ( ` VISION ' rotated 180 ° ) , is a Dutch electronic music trio consisting of members Nik Roos , Martijn van Sonderen and Thijs de Vlieger from Groningen , Netherlands . They produce a wide variety of music including drum and bass , dubstep , breakbeat and house . They own three record labels : Vision , Division and Invisible Recordings , and have released on several labels including Skrillex 's OWSLA , deadmau5 's mau5trap and Jay-Z 's Roc Nation . Foreign Beggars have combined with Noisia to make the side project and supergroup I Am Legion . They released their collaborative album I Am Legion on 2 September 2013 . Noisia also go by the name Nightwatch for some of their production credits , such as for their work with Alexis Jordan , Hadouken ! , Wiley and Wretch 32 . The group produce using Steinberg Cubase . They produced Hadouken ! 's entire album For the Masses which charted at number 19 on the UK Albums Chart . They are often honored and held in high regard across the entire electronic dance music scene . Their dedication to perfecting their sound design has become legendary and are renown for their high-quality production value in the creation of their songs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "49e7de6a91e004648b0efb4fc69e1cff", "text": "Jordan McCoy Jordan Elizabeth McCoy ( born September 17 , 1991 ; Mount Vernon , Illinois ) is an American singer , guitarist , and American Juniors finalist . After the show , she went to Los Angeles to start developing her music career and auditioned for TV and movie roles . While recording in Los Angeles , her label head ( who did Dream with Diddy ) mentioned he was in town and he wanted to hear her sing . McCoy stopped by the hotel and sang and danced for Combs . Diddy signed her to Bad Boy Records . It has been reported by E! News that McCoy will appear on Diddy 's upcoming album We Invented the Remix Vol . 2 . Her song `` Rockstar '' was featured on an episode of The Hills , a commercial for American Idol , and an episode of Make It or Break It . Her other song `` Rock 'N Roll Girl '' was featured in the film PollyWorld . McCoy has been posting videos of herself singing , while playing guitar , on her YouTube account JordanMcCoyTV every Tuesday . Some of these videos include her friends and former bandmates Imaj Thomas and Hunter Pecunia . Both Hunter and Imaj were once members of the Dream revival group , but have since left the band . McCoy 's music can be sampled on her MySpace page . McCoy 's album was never released and was dropped from Bad Boy Records . She is no longer doing music at this time . Jordan is now married to Blake Bramlett . Jordan gave birth in July 2013 to her & Blake 's first child , a daughter , Violet .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5847107b7d26fe281936d4c2099547ce", "text": "Glenn Jordan Glenn Jordan ( born April 5 , 1936 ) is an American television director and producer . Born in San Antonio , Texas , Jordan directed multiple episodes of Family and has helmed numerous television movies , several based on real persons as diverse as Benjamin Franklin , George Armstrong Custer , Lucille Ball , Christa McAuliffe , and Karen Ann Quinlan . His directing credits include small-screen adaptions of The Picture of Dorian Gray , Les Misérables , Hogan 's Goat , Eccentricities of a Nightingale , A Streetcar Named Desire , O Pioneers ! , and A Christmas Memory . Additional television directing credits include Heartsounds , Botticelli , Sarah , Plain and Tall , To Dance with the White Dog , Barbarians at the Gate , The Long Way Home , Sarah , Plain and Tall : Winter 's End , The Boys , and Jane 's House . Jordan has directed three feature films : Only When I Laugh , The Buddy System , and Mass Appeal . Jordan has been nominated for thirteen Emmy Awards and won four , for producing the miniseries Benjamin Franklin , for producing and directing the Hallmark Hall of Fame production Promise , and for executive producing the HBO production Barbarians at the Gate . He won two New York area Emmys for the PBS series Actor 's Choice and New York Television Theatre . He won the Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in a Dramatic Series for Family and was nominated for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Specials or Movies for Television for Les Misérables . Three of his productions ( Benjamin Franklin , Heartsounds , and Promise ) have won Peabody Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74f4b1b25c906addc922460025d60638", "text": "Marlon Jordan Marlon Jordan ( born August 21 , 1970 in New Orleans , Louisiana ) is an American jazz trumpeter , composer , and bandleader .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "eb7b12adfa744ca2e7d7a04a720ab536", "text": "Nike, Inc. Nike , Inc. ( official , -LSB- ˈnaɪki -RSB- also , non-US -LSB- ` naɪk -RSB- ) is an American multinational corporation that is engaged in the design , development , manufacturing , and worldwide marketing and sales of footwear , apparel , equipment , accessories , and services . The company is headquartered near Beaverton , Oregon , in the Portland metropolitan area . It is one of the world 's largest suppliers of athletic shoes and apparel and a major manufacturer of sports equipment , with revenue in excess of US$ 24.1 billion in its fiscal year 2012 ( ending May 31 , 2012 ) . As of 2012 , it employed more than 44,000 people worldwide . In 2014 the brand alone was valued at $ 19 billion , making it the most valuable brand among sports businesses . The company was founded on January 25 , 1964 , as Blue Ribbon Sports , by Bill Bowerman and Phil Knight , and officially became Nike , Inc. on May 30 , 1971 . The company takes its name from Nike , the Greek goddess of victory . Nike markets its products under its own brand , as well as Nike Golf , Nike Pro , Nike + , Air Jordan , Nike Blazers , Air Force 1 , Nike Dunk , Air Max , Foamposite , Nike Skateboarding , and subsidiaries including Brand Jordan , Hurley International and Converse . Nike also owned Bauer Hockey ( later renamed Nike Bauer ) between 1995 and 2008 , and previously owned Cole Haan and Umbro . In addition to manufacturing sportswear and equipment , the company operates retail stores under the Niketown name . Nike sponsors many high-profile athletes and sports teams around the world , with the highly recognized trademarks of `` Just Do It '' and the Swoosh logo .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "a4ae85ee00c4c394d7c96e2d494d1bb5", "text": "Dow Chemical Company The Dow Chemical Company , commonly referred to as Dow , is an American multinational chemical corporation headquartered in Midland , Michigan , United States . As of 2007 , it is the second-largest chemical manufacturer in the world by revenue ( after BASF ) and as of February 2009 , the third-largest chemical company in the world by market capitalization ( after BASF and DuPont ) . It ranked second in the world by chemical production in 2014 . Dow manufactures plastics , chemicals , and agricultural products . With a presence in about 160 countries , it employs about 54,000 people worldwide . The company has seven different major operating segments , with a wide variety of products made by each one . Dow 's 2012 sales totaled approximately $ 57 billion . Dow has been called the `` chemical companies ' chemical company '' in that most of its sales are to other industries rather than end-users . Dow sells directly to end-users primarily in the human and animal health and consumer products markets . Dow is a member of the American Chemistry Council . The company tagline is `` Solutionism '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "753b2947764ce2c6c5b10bcf95c1e71a", "text": "World championship A world championship is generally an international sports competition open to elite competitors from across the world , representing their nations , and winning such an event will be considered the highest or near highest achievement in the sport or contest . The title is usually awarded through a combination of specific contests or , less commonly , ranking systems ( e.g. the ICC Test Championship ) , or a combination of the two ( e.g. World Triathlon Championships in Triathlon ) . This determines a ` world champion ' , who or which is commonly considered the best nation , team , individual ( or other entity ) in the world in a particular field , although the vagaries of sport ensure that the competitor recognised at the best in an event is not always the ` world champion ' ( see Underdog ) . Certain sports do not have a world championship . Instead , they may organise a world cup competition , or they may organize both , for example cycling ( UCI World Championships and UCI World Cups ) ) . Often , the use of the term cup or championship in this sense is just a choice of words . Some sports have multiple champions because of multiple organizations , such as boxing , mixed martial arts and wrestling . Certain sports do not have a world championship or a world cup as such , but may have one or several world champions . Professional boxing , for example , has several world champions at different weights , but each one of them is decided by a `` title fight '' , not a tournament . A certain number of sports hold world championships or world cups which are overshadowed , in terms of prestige , by the same events in the Olympic Games , the most prestigious multi-sports event . Still other sports may or may not have a true world championship but may designate the winners of a domestic competition to be `` world champions . '' This is especially true of the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada ; world cups and championships exist in all of the major sports , but the domestic U.S. and Canadian leagues are generally recognized as the world professional championships or the equivalent of a world club championship . ( In American football , although an IFAF World Championship exists , the United States is so far above and beyond the other nations it faces that the winner of the U.S.-based Super Bowl , a competition limited to the 32 teams in the National Football League , is commonly recognized as the world champion . ) Finally , certain professional sports do not have a world championship or world cup , but rather hold a series of events recognised as the elite level in their field ( e.g. tennis has a series of four Grand Slam events recognised as the pinnacle of the game , in addition to key team events , world tour finals and the Olympic Games , but no world championship or world cup ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac7fd4aff540a0ca82b669afc3e957e0", "text": "Vans Vans is an American manufacturer of shoes , based in Cypress , California , owned by VF Corporation . The company also produces apparel and other products such as T-shirts , hoodies , socks , hats , and backpacks . As of August 2013 , the brand is active in the actions sports industry and sponsors skateboard , surf , snow , BMX , and motocross teams . Since 1996 , the company has also been the primary sponsor of the annual Vans Warped Tour traveling rock festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5163a88ed95c7c3fdf64f50677140cb", "text": "Today's Man Today 's Man ( Ticker : TMAN ) was a retailer chain of Apparel ( men 's wear ) . Today 's Man , Inc. was a chain of men 's apparel stores that operated 25 retail stores in the New York City , Philadelphia , and Washington , D.C. metropolitan areas . They offered a wide selection of low-cost , but good-quality merchandise . The store offered a large selection of suits in the price range between $ 50 and $ 200 . In addition to suits , they also sold many other items like shirts , ties , socks , leather jackets and belts . During the 1970s Today 's Man grew steadily , and gradually Today 's Man opened larger and larger stores . About one-third of all its clothing was private label . By 1990 Today 's Man had converted all its existing stores to superstores and sales had reached $ 100 million . To continue expanding , raise working capital , and pay some debts , Today 's Man became a public corporation in 1992 ( symbol TMAN ) . The stock prospectus described the average superstore as having about 25000 sqft with the following merchandise : 8,000 men 's suits , 3,000 sports coats , 15,000 ties , 15,000 dress shirts , and 10,000 pairs of casual or dress pants . In the early 1990s , as Today 's Man entered the New York City area , it did well financially . Sales continued to increase until 1993 , despite of an overall negative trend in men 's apparel . Starting in 1993 , Today 's Man experienced some real setbacks . By November 1995 the company had reversed its expansion position and began retreating . In early February 1996 the firm filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy . A combination of soft demand for men 's business attire , management 's overambitious plans and mistakes , money problems , and tough competition led to Today 's Man decline . The company continued to downsize and restructure , but did not succeed . They went out of business on April 24 , 2003 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5f1e569ea1adecf868c9600fd94d03f", "text": "Kashi Kicks Kashi Kicks is an American footwear company based in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania that produces unique sneaker designs . Kashi Kicks was developed as a more fashion-oriented line compared to other brands at the time , in both aesthetic and function . The shoes are endorsed by a number of members of the hip hop and professional athletic communities including George Clinton , Flavor Flav , Talib Kweli , Joey Porter , Nino Storm and Ginuwine . In August 2007 , Kashi Kicks announced the release of the Liberace shoe , to honor `` the King of Bling '' . This was done in collaboration with the Liberace Foundation of Las Vegas . Kashi Kicks connects with the streets using innovative promotional mixtape marketing . To date Kashi Kicks has sponsored mixtapes done by DJs like DJ Age , DJ Fade , DJ L-Gee , DJ Stacks , DJ Kenny Kaign , DJ Scrill , DJ Gloss , DJ Flaco , DJ Scream , DJ Blurray , DJ Spinz , DJ Haze , DJ Prodege , DJ Warrior & Julian Ramirez , DJ Delz , DJ Furious , Team EXT , Spaz , Rockie Fontaine & DJ Rokz", "title": "" }, { "docid": "11bd3a484f6840159c8ce86bb4e2b47a", "text": "Moores Moores the Suit People Inc. , is a Canadian brand specialized in tailor-made clothing for men similar to Tip Top Tailors or Classys . It is an affiliate to Men 's Wearhouse , from the U.S. The store was founded by Martin Prosserman and David Moore , who as a minority shareholder was bought out in 1982 . In 1980 they opened the first location in Mississauga in the Greater Toronto Area . Moores is owned by the Moores Retail Group , which also owns GoldenBrand clothing in Montreal . In 1999 the Moores Retail Group was acquired by Men 's Wearhouse . Today , Moores has 126 retail locations situated all over Canada and employs over 1200 people . Its current headquarters are in Toronto . The stores sell a wide variety of footwear , tuxedo rentals , office wear , outerwear , ties and many more articles for workers or special occasions . Its ad slogan is : `` Well made , Well Priced , Well Dressed '' In September 2008 Men 's Wearhouse selected the New York advertising agency DeVito/Verdi to handle its national advertising and marketing communications account . The assignment called for the agency to provide full service marketing support and to develop strategic planning , advertising , public relations , market planning , promotions , and P-O-S programs . In addition to the Men 's Wearhouse brand , DeVito/Verdi handled marketing for the company 's other retail brands : K&G , MW Tux , Moores Clothing For Men ( Canada ) , as well as new projects in development . '' Reuters '' ' , `` http://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS129874+23-Sep-2008+BW20080923 '' , 23 September 2008 , retrieved 18 June 2009", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c6e975e07f5c2224072993195d1403f8", "text": "Pepsi Generation The Pepsi Generation was the theme of an advertising campaign for Pepsi-Cola , a U.S. brand of soft drink , that launched in 1963 as the result of a slogan contest . A new car was awarded to the writer of the winning slogan . The contest was the brainchild of Alan Pottasch , a Pepsico advertising executive , and it was won by Appleton , Wisconsin resident , Ellen M. Reimer . Her slogan invited consumers to `` Come Alive ! You 're the Pepsi Generation ! '' The original `` Come Alive '' jingle was performed by singer Joanie Sommers in her memorable `` breathy '' vocal style . Earlier campaigns for Pepsi-Cola had emphasized price competition . Twelve ounce Pepsi bottles gave you twice as much soft drink as six ounce standard Coca-Cola bottles , and Coca-Cola was by far the leading brand of soft drink . Pepsi formerly ran a campaign that featured the jingle : Pepsi-Cola hits the spotTwelve full ounces , that 's a lot!Twice as much for a nickel , tooPepsi-Cola is the drink for you . This 1969 jingle focused on the simple proposition that Pepsi was just as good as Coke , but better value . The Pepsi Generation campaign represented a major shift away from that line of thinking ; rather than being just as good as Coke , Pepsi was different from Coke . The Pepsi Generation and its associated jingle -- You 've got a lot to liveAnd Pepsi 's got a lot to give . told Pepsi drinkers , now enrolled in the Pepsi Generation , that Pepsi-Cola was taking a stand with the `` young '' side of the 1960 era `` generation gap '' . Television ads featuring the campaign typically displayed young people pursuing exotic entertainments like motorcycle or watercycle riding or piloting a windship through a desert , while an announcer described Pepsi drinkers as people who saw the `` young view of things '' . `` Who is the Pepsi Generation ? Livelier , active people with a liking for Pepsi-Cola ! '' Previous Coca-Cola advertisements had featured Norman Rockwell styled images of small towns and nostalgic scenes , as well as traditional figures such as Santa Claus . Pepsi told soft drink consumers that there are Coke people , and there are Pepsi people , and if you 're a Pepsi person you are young , and the future 's on your side . The original lyrics were : There 's a whole new way of livin ` Pepsi helps supply the drive.It 's got a lot to give for those who like to live'Cause Pepsi helps themcome alive.It 's the Pepsi GenerationComin ' at ya , goin ' strong ... Put yourself behind a PepsiWhen you 're livin ... you belong ... You 've got a lot to live ... and Pepsi 's got a lot to give ... You 've got a lot to live ... and Pepsi 's got a lot to give ... This `` image campaign '' inspired Coca-Cola to do a similar `` hip '' campaign in 1971 , `` I 'd Like to Teach the World to Sing ( in Perfect Harmony ) , '' which also sold the lifestyle rather than the soft drink per se . Pottasch , creator of the campaign , said that `` For us to name and claim a whole generation after our product was a rather courageous thing that we were n't sure would take off . '' The `` Pepsi Generation '' was one of the first and best known instances of what came to be known as `` lifestyle marketing '' . It focused on portraying Pepsi drinkers as possessing desirable qualities such as youth , rather than on the characteristics of the product itself . Pottasch said that `` Pepsi was young , spirited , people doing active things -- playing volleyball on the beach ... . but younger we said in mind , in attitude , in feeling . Young in spirit . Young in heart . '' Pottasch repeated the themes of the Pepsi Generation with the 1984 campaign , `` The Choice of a New Generation '' . In 1997 , during Super Bowl XXXI , a sequel campaign featured the theme `` GeneratioNext '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "91a4945158d5d856d6332a7d3a649e58", "text": "Jay Jacobs (retailer) Jay Jacobs was a clothing retailer based in downtown Seattle , Washington , founded in 1941 by its namesake Jay Jacobs ( October 13 , 1911 - February 15 , 2013 ) . It specialized in trendy clothing for teens , mainly targeting girls . Although the company 's first 20 years saw the opening of only two more stores , it was largely profitable at its height in the mid-1980s and operated 288 stores in 22 western states by 1993 . However , 1992 saw a major about face from success and many of the stores , especially in southern California , were becoming unprofitable and were closed . Although the cause of the turnaround is difficult to put a finger on , a recession , which proved troublesome for many retailers , could have been partially to blame . Some thought the company was expanding too quickly and its assets were spread too thin . Others argued that Jacobs had lost touch with the rapidly changing fashion trends and that he never gave his son-in-law enough control over the company . In an attempt to gain back lost business , the company tried to expand its target audience by going after young adults with career oriented clothing . This did not work , however , and with stores closing and rapidly falling sales , Jay Jacobs filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in May , 1994 . Less than half the stores remain now . Founder Jay Jacobs resigned as chairman of the board in June , 1997 and left the board entirely the following November . They again filed for Chapter 11 on September 3 , 1999 and announced the closure of the remaining 114 stores the same day . Jacobs , the namesake of the company , died Feb. 15 , 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac21342197e686cc8393b9501873db47", "text": "The Baseball Network The Baseball Network was a short-lived television broadcasting joint venture between ABC , NBC and Major League Baseball . Under the arrangement , beginning in the 1994 season , the league produced its own in-house telecasts of games , which were then brokered to air on ABC and NBC . This was perhaps most evident by the copyright beds shown at the end of the telecasts , which stated `` The proceeding program has been paid for by the office of The Commissioner of Baseball '' . The Baseball Network was the first television network in the United States to be owned by a professional sports league . The package included coverage of games in primetime on selected nights throughout the regular season ( under the branding Baseball Night in America ) , along with coverage of the postseason and the World Series . Unlike previous broadcasting arrangements with the league , there was no national `` game of the week '' during the regular season ; these would be replaced by multiple weekly regional telecasts on certain nights of the week . Additionally , The Baseball Network had exclusive coverage windows ; no other broadcaster could televise MLB games during the same night that The Baseball Network was televising games . The arrangement did not last long ; due to the effects of a players ' strike on the remainder of the 1994 season , and poor reception from fans and critics over how the coverage was implemented , The Baseball Network would be disbanded after the 1995 season . While NBC would maintain rights to certain games , the growing Fox network became the league 's new national broadcast partner beginning in 1996 , with its then-parent company News Corporation eventually purchasing the Los Angeles Dodgers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "436c7a5fcf45f2c067272fcdbdb0d773", "text": "Hurley International Hurley is an American multinational corporation that is engaged in the design , development , manufacturing , worldwide marketing and selling of surf apparel and accessories . The company is headquartered in Costa Mesa , California . Since 2002 , Hurley has been owned by Nike , Inc. .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6cec371a15b536e390b9a58620bda9bd", "text": "Sock A sock is an item of clothing worn on the feet and often covering the ankle or some part of the calf . Some type of shoe or boot is typically worn over socks . In ancient times , socks were made from leather or matted animal hair . In the late 16th century , machine-knit socks were first produced . Until 1800 both hand knitting and machine knitting were used to produce socks , but after 1800 , machine knitting became the predominant method . One of the roles of socks is absorbing perspiration . The foot is among the heaviest producers of sweat in the body , as it can produce over 0.25 USpt of perspiration per day ; socks help to absorb this sweat and draw it to areas where air can evaporate the perspiration . In cold environments , socks made from wool insulate the foot and decrease the risk of frostbite . Socks are worn with sport shoes ( typically white-coloured socks ) and dress shoes ( typically dark-coloured socks ) . In addition to the numerous practical roles played by socks , they are also a fashion item , and they are available in myriad colours and patterns .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5258468d5986e57d002f28c12a9d727d", "text": "Nordstrom Nordstrom , Inc. ( -LSB- ˈnɔrdstrəm -RSB- ) is an American chain of luxury department stores headquartered in Seattle , Washington . Founded in 1901 by John W. Nordstrom and Carl F. Wallin , the company began as a shoe retailer and expanded its inventory to include clothing , accessories , handbags , jewelry , cosmetics , and fragrances . Select Nordstrom stores also include wedding and home furnishings departments . The company has 349 stores operating in 40 states , Puerto Rico and Canada , a number which includes 123 full-line stores and 215 Nordstrom Rack stores , five Trunk Club clubhouses , two Jeffrey boutiques and two clearance stores . Nordstrom also serves customers through nordstrom.com , nordstromrack.com , and its online private sale site , HauteLook . Nordstrom , Inc. 's common stock is publicly traded on the NYSE under the symbol JWN .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65392032384368ed2bc2b074dbcadeb4", "text": "Sports in Boston Boston , the capital city of the U.S. state of Massachusetts and largest city in the New England region of the northeastern United States , is home to several major league sports teams , including the Red Sox ( baseball ) , the Celtics ( basketball ) and the Bruins ( ice hockey ) . The New England Patriots ( American football ) and the New England Revolution ( soccer ) play at Gillette Stadium in nearby Foxborough , Massachusetts . Several Boston-area colleges and universities are also active in college athletics . Sports are a major part of the city 's culture ( as well as the culture of the Greater Boston area ) . Boston sports fans are known for their fanatical devotion to the Red Sox and knowledge of the team 's history . Fenway Park , home of the Red Sox , is the oldest ballpark in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) and holds a legendary status among baseball fans . Boston is the only city in professional sports in which all facilities are privately owned and operated . The Patriots own Gillette Stadium , the Red Sox own Fenway Park , and TD Garden is owned by Delaware North , owner of the Bruins . The Celtics rent TD Garden from Delaware North . In the 2000s , Boston 's professional teams had arguably the most successful decade in sports history , winning ten championships ( five by the Patriots , three by the Red Sox and one each by the Celtics and Bruins ) . When the Bruins won the 2011 Stanley Cup Finals , the city of Boston became the first city in the 21st century to have all four of its major professional league teams win a league championship , and it is the only city ever to have championships in all four major professional leagues within a ten-year span ( from the Patriots ' victory in February 2002 to the Bruins ' in June 2011 ) . In just ten years , between February 2002 and June 2011 , Boston 's teams completed what Sports Illustrated dubbed as the `` Grand Slam of North American sports . '' With the Patriots ' victory over the Seattle Seahawks in Super Bowl XLIX , the four major Boston-area sports teams completed a grand-slam in six years ( the 2008 Celtics , the 2011 Bruins , the 2013 Red Sox and the 2014 Patriots ) . Beyond that , several of the teams were league finalists : the Revolution four times , the Patriots twice and the Bruins and Celtics once apiece . With the Bruins reaching the 2011 Stanley Cup Finals , this allowed Boston to join Philadelphia as being the only cities to have had all of their teams play in each of the four major North American professional sports leagues ' title rounds since 2000 , following the Patriots in Super Bowls XXXVI in 2002 , XXXVIII in 2004 , XXXIX in 2005 , XLII in 2008 , XLVI in 2012 , XLIX in 2015 , and LI in 2017 and winning all of them , except Super Bowl XLII and XLVI , the Red Sox winning World Series titles in ( ending the Curse of the Bambino ) , , and , and the Celtics in the NBA Finals in and and winning in 2008 . In addition , Boston beat out Philadelphia for playing in all of the `` big '' league championship rounds in the shortest time in the new millennium , as it took 9 years for Philadelphia to achieve this feat ; Boston needed only three years and eight months . From 2004 to 2015 , all four Boston major league teams have each reached the championship rounds two times or more .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3fe88b868a4bcfd63cebdd2b23ee50d0", "text": "Marks & Spencer Marks and Spencer plc ( also known as M&S ) is a major British multinational retailer headquartered in the City of Westminster , London . It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index . It specialises in the selling of clothing , home products and luxury food products . M&S was founded in 1884 by Michael Marks and Thomas Spencer in Leeds . The company also began to sell branded goods like Kellogg 's Corn Flakes in November 2008 . M&S currently has 959 stores across the U.K including 615 that only sell food products . In 1998 , the company became the first British retailer to make a pre-tax profit of over # 1 billion , although subsequently it went into a sudden slump , which took the company , its shareholders , who included hundreds of thousands of small investors , and nearly all retail analysts and business journalists , by surprise . In November 2009 , it was announced that Marc Bolland , formerly of Morrisons , would take over as chief executive from executive chairman Stuart Rose in early 2010 ; Rose remained in the role of non-executive chairman until he was replaced by Robert Swannell in January 2011 . M&S have 852 stores throughout the UK , as well as many international stores ; 52 stores in India , 48 stores in Turkey , 37 in Russia , 27 in Greece , 17 in Ireland , 14 in France , 11 in Poland , 6 in Hungary and Finland and 5 in Spain . In recent years its clothing sales have fallen whilst food sales have increased after the axing of `` St. Michael 's '' naming for their own brand .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "75e39108257f83c4f2879421e675d653", "text": "Fox Sports Digital Media Fox Sports Digital Media , formerly known as News Corp. . Digital Media and Fox Interactive Media , is a subsidiary of Fox Entertainment Group which operates Fox Sports ' online properties in the United States . When known as Fox Interactive Media , it was formed to oversee News Corporation 's new media acquisitions , including IGN , Myspace and Photobucket . However , the group would later divest most of its properties ; in 2006 , Demand Media , a company run by Richard Rosenblatt , former CEO of Intermix Media and chairman of Myspace , purchased back all of the non-MySpace assets Intermix had sold to News Corporation . In December 2009 , Fox sold Photobucket to the startup digital photography company Ontela . In October 2010 , the Fox Audience Network was sold to ad technology firm Rubicon Project . Fox Interactive Media also operated the websites of Fox 's television stations . As part of a joint venture with LIN Media in 2008 , Fox Interactive Media also began offering the Digital Publishing Platform ( DPP ) , an enterprise content management system and hosting platform primarily intended for local station websites . The DPP products were later spun off as the independent company EndPlay , which Fox and LIN still hold equity interests in . Fox would begin outsourcing their television station websites to competing provider Worldnow in 2012 . In June 2011 , Specific Media and pop singer Justin Timberlake bought Myspace for $ 35 million , which CNN reported noted was `` far less than the $ 580 million News Corp. paid for Myspace in 2005 . '' Murdoch went on to call the Myspace purchase a `` huge mistake '' . In February 2013 , IGN Entertainment was sold to Ziff Davis Media . As its only remaining properties relate to Fox Sports , the company was renamed Fox Sports Digital Media in mid-2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c246a8b946943b6a5cb78dd48acd1b93", "text": "Pokémon notice is a media franchise managed by The Pokémon Company , a Japanese consortium between Nintendo , Game Freak , and Creatures . The franchise copyright is shared by all three companies , but Nintendo is the sole owner of the trademark . The franchise was created by Satoshi Tajiri in 1995 , and is centered on fictional creatures called `` Pokémon '' , which humans , known as Pokémon Trainers , catch and train to battle each other for sport . The franchise began as a pair of video games for the original Game Boy that were developed by Game Freak and published by Nintendo . It now spans video games , trading card games , animated television shows and movies , comic books , and toys . Pokémon is the second best-selling video game franchise , behind only Nintendo 's Mario franchise and the highest-grossing media franchise of all time . The franchise is also represented in other Nintendo media , such as the Super Smash Bros. series . Cumulative sales of the video games ( including home console games , such as Hey You , Pikachu ! for the Nintendo 64 ) have reached more than 290 million copies . In November 2005 , 4Kids Entertainment , which had managed the non-game related licensing of Pokémon , announced that it had agreed not to renew the Pokémon representation agreement . The Pokémon Company International ( formerly Pokémon USA Inc. ) , a subsidiary of Japan 's Pokémon Co. , oversees all Pokémon licensing outside of Asia . As of May 2016 , the Pokémon franchise has grossed revenues of ¥ 6.0 trillion worldwide ( equivalent to US$ 50.4 billion ) . The franchise celebrated its tenth anniversary in 2006 . 2016 marks the 20th anniversary of the release of the original games , with the company celebrating by airing an ad during Super Bowl 50 , issuing re-releases of Pokémon Red , Blue , and Yellow , and completely redesigning the way the newest games are played . The mobile augmented reality game Pokémon Go was released in July 2016 . The first seventh-generation games Pokémon Sun and Moon were released worldwide on November 18 , 2016 . A live-action film adaptation based on Great Detective Pikachu is planned to start production in 2017 . The English slogan for the franchise is `` Got ta Catch 'Em All '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ec6fb1bf8b948c58bcf132738883271", "text": "Just Do It Just Do It ( stylized as JUST DO IT . ) is a trademark of shoe company Nike , and one of the core components of Nike 's brand . The slogan was coined in 1988 at an advertising agency meeting . The founder of Wieden + Kennedy agency , Dan Wieden credits the inspiration for his `` Just Do It '' Nike slogan to Gary Gilmore 's last words : `` Let 's do it . '' The `` Just Do It '' campaign allowed Nike to further increase its share of the North American domestic sport-shoe business from 18 % to 43 % , ( from $ 877 million to $ 9.2 billion in worldwide sales ) from 1988 to 1998 . In many Nike-related situations , `` Just Do It '' appears alongside the Nike logo , known as the Swoosh .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1668b6e8b2edecef755604f771b1ba39", "text": "Tapout (clothing brand) Tapout is an American multinational corporation that designs and manufactures sports clothing , casual apparel , and accessories headquartered in Baltimore , Maryland . It is one of the largest sportswear manufacturers in the United States , and one of the biggest in the world . Tapout was registered in 1997 in San Bernardino County , California , by Charles Lewis , Jr. , Dan Caldwell and Tim Katz . The company was founded after the trio began selling mixed martial arts clothing from the back of their Ford Mustang . Selling the merchandise during a period where MMA solely reached a niche market , Lewis , Caldwell and Katz branded the company around the sport , distributing the merchandise in cities where the sport was prevalent . However , following the growing popularity of mixed martial arts in the United States , and its later nationwide mainstream acceptance , the company became the largest MMA-related merchandise company in the world , accruing revenues of over $ 22.5 million . In March 2015 , the company was relaunched following its joint-ventured acquisition by pro-wrestling company WWE , and development firm Authentic Brands Group . The venture saw the former MMA-related brand transformed into a more general `` lifestyle fitness '' one . The apparel , for men and women , is expected to be released in spring of 2016 . Throughout 2015 , WWE marketed the brand through various products , including beverages , supplements and gyms . WWE will hold a 50 % stake in the brand , and so will advertise it regularly across all its platforms , hoping to give it one billion impressions a month , and attempting to rival sports-clothing giant , Under Armour . All employees and students of the WWE Performance Center will also wear the clothing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1eb1a09d9e6ffcbd7a8cafff5ace7aa0", "text": "Target Corporation Target Corporation is the second-largest discount store retailer in the United States , behind Walmart , and a component of the S&P 500 Index . Founded by George Dayton and headquartered in Minneapolis , Minnesota , the company was originally named Goodfellow Dry Goods in June 1902 before being renamed the Dayton 's Dry Goods Company in 1903 and later the Dayton Company in 1910 . The first Target store opened in Roseville , Minnesota in 1962 while the parent company was renamed the Dayton Corporation in 1967 . It became the Dayton-Hudson Corporation after merging with the J.L. Hudson Company in 1969 and held ownership of several department store chains including Dayton 's , Hudson 's , Marshall Field 's , and Mervyn 's . Target established itself as the highest-earning division of the Dayton-Hudson Corporation in the 1970s ; it began expanding the store nationwide in the 1980s and introduced new store formats under the Target brand in the 1990s . The company has found success as a cheap-chic player in the industry . The parent company was renamed the Target Corporation in 2000 and divested itself of its last department store chains in 2004 . It suffered from a highly publicized security breach of customer data and the failure of its short-lived Canadian subsidiary in the early 2010s but experienced revitalized success with its expansion in urban markets within the United States . As of 2017 , Target operates 1,806 stores throughout the United States . Their retail formats include the discount store Target , the hypermarket SuperTarget , and `` flexible format '' stores previously named CityTarget and TargetExpress before being consolidated under the Target branding . Target is often recognized for its emphasis on `` the needs of its younger , image-conscious shoppers , '' whereas its rival Walmart more heavily relies on its strategy of `` always low prices . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c01b13a54e784b37e5e4499da5d61824", "text": "Evolution of Management Systems ' A management system is the framework of processes and procedures used to ensure that an organization can fulfill all tasks required to achieve its objectives . After World War II , the reigning paradigm of product-oriented mass production had reached its peak . Examples of management systems at that time are linear assembly lines , organizational hierarchies of command , product quality control and mass consumption . Soon afterwards , the Deming-Juran process-quality teachings spearheaded a new quality orientation ( later referred to as Total quality management ) and propelled Japan directly to the post-war process focus ( process quality control , just-in-time , continuous improvement ) . The US responded by a painful and prolonged product-to-process transformation , ultimately leveling the playing field again by the mid 1980s . At the end of the 1980s , business process reengineering focused on the radical redesign of the production process through the reintegration of task , labor and knowledge . As a result , lean , flexible and streamlined production processes were created , capable of fast response and internet-based integration necessary for the upcoming phase of supply chains - business-to-business ( B2B ) -- as well as demand chains -- business-to-customer ( B2C ) . In the above three stages of Evolution of Management Systems '' ' , the competitive advantage was derived almost exclusively from the internal resources of the firm . At the end of the 1980s , a radical fourth shift has occurred : the competitive advantage became increasingly derived from the external resources of the firm -- through the extended networks of suppliers and customers . Figure 1 refers to the basic scheme of production and service delivery process . It represents the traditional linear input-process-output management system . This system has been fixed and unchanging for centuries . The only change has been in terms of changing focus on individual components of the system , emphasizing different parts of this basic scheme . Although the scheme itself ( inputs → process → outputs ) remains mostly unchallenged , there are some indications that this business model will undergo major restructurings in the future ( in the emerging stages of Evolution of Management Systems ) . It will become disaggregated and distributed , subjected to non-linear modularity and bringing forth new ways of making things and delivering services . Then it will become reintegrated again , tying together globally distributed components into a unified recycling whole .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "c25443b7418050922585fcf0c7044d6d", "text": "Lady Gaga Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta ( -LSB- ˈstɛfəniː_dʒɜrməˈnɒtə -RSB- ; born March 28 , 1986 ) , known professionally as Lady Gaga , is an American singer , songwriter , and actress . At the beginning of her career , Gaga became known for her unconventionality and provocative work . A popular contemporary recording artist , she is noted for constantly experimenting with new musical ideas and images . Gaga initially played roles in high school plays , and studied at CAP21 through NYU 's Tisch School of the Arts before dropping out to pursue a musical career . After leaving a rock band , participating in a performance art circuit , and being dropped from a contract with Def Jam Recordings , Gaga worked as a songwriter for Sony/ATV Music Publishing . From there , Akon noticed her vocal abilities and helped her sign a joint deal with Interscope Records and his own KonLive Distribution in 2007 . Gaga rose to prominence with the release of her successful debut album The Fame ( 2008 ) and its international chart-topping singles `` Just Dance '' and `` Poker Face '' . A follow-up EP , The Fame Monster ( 2009 ) , was met with a similar reception and the singles `` Bad Romance '' , `` Telephone '' , and `` Alejandro '' were also successful . Gaga 's second full-length album Born This Way ( 2011 ) topped the charts in more than 20 countries , including the US , where it sold over one million copies in its first week . The album produced the number-one single `` Born This Way '' . Gaga 's third album Artpop , released in 2013 , topped the US charts and included the successful single `` Applause '' . In 2014 , Gaga released a collaborative jazz album with Tony Bennett titled Cheek to Cheek , her third consecutive number one in the US . For her work in the television series American Horror Story : Hotel , Gaga won a Golden Globe Award in 2016 . With her fifth studio album Joanne ( 2016 ) , she became the first woman to have four US number one albums in the 2010s . In February 2017 , Gaga headlined the Super Bowl LI halftime show , which had over 150 million audience across various platforms worldwide , making it the most viewed musical event in history . With global album and single sales of 27 million and 146 million respectively , as of January 2016 , she is one of the best-selling musicians of all time . Her achievements include twelve Guinness World Records , three Brit Awards , and six Grammy Awards . She has also received awards from the Songwriters Hall of Fame and the Council of Fashion Designers of America . Gaga regularly appears on Billboards Artists of the Year lists and Forbess power and earnings rankings . She was ranked at number four on VH1 's Greatest Women in Music , finished second on Times 2011 readers ' poll of the most influential people of the past ten years , and was named Billboards Woman of the Year ( 2015 ) . She is known for her philanthropic work and social activism , including LGBT rights and her own non-profit organization , the Born This Way Foundation , which focuses on promoting youth empowerment and combating bullying .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "c69abf731b4117fbe5a83079f41508cd", "text": "Beyond the Pale (Fiona album) Beyond the Pale is the second studio album by singer Fiona , released in 1986 through Atlantic Records and reissued in 2004 through Wounded Bird Records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "76ffe8877ae822be52d7e019700820fc", "text": "Whitney Houston videography The videography of American pop/R & B recording artist Whitney Houston consists of fifty-five music videos , four music video compilations , a concert tour video and three music video singles . In 1983 , Houston signed a recording contract with Arista Records and two years after released her eponymous debut album . Houston 's first music video was for the single `` You Give Good Love '' , which was selected to establish her in the black marketplace first . In the video of worldwide hit `` Saving All My Love for You '' , she played a beaming All-American girl shadowed by her secret lover 's wife . The following video `` How Will I Know '' , directed by Brian Grant , that helped introduce the singer to a wider audience when it became one of the first videos by a black female singer to earn heavy rotation on MTV , blasting open the doors for a whole generation of R&B and pop divas to follow . The clip won MTV Video Music Award for Best Female Video at its 3rd ceremony of 1986 . `` Greatest Love of All '' , the final single released from Houston 's debut album , which helped cement the M.O. for the classic Whitney video . In June 1986 , Houston released her first video compilation The No. 1 Video Hits , containing her four music videos off the Whitney Houston album . The video compilation reached number-one on the Billboard Top Music Videocassettes chart and stayed at the top spot for 22 weeks , which remains the all-time record for a video collection by a female artist , and was certified Platinum for shipments of 100,000 units by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) on July 15 , 1986 . In 1987 , `` I Wan na Dance with Somebody ( Who Loves Me ) '' , the first single from her second album Whitney , was one of Houston 's most recognized music videos in company with the song 's smash hit worldwide . Houston 's fashion and hairstyle in the clip -- towering curly wig , colorful dangly earrings and a series of going-to-the-club outfits -- became one of her iconic looks . In November 1990 , Houston released her third studio album I 'm Your Baby Tonight . The video for the title track from the album , was what passed for a high-concept clip from Houston , in which she paid tribute to three different legends in film and music industries : Marlene Dietrich , The Supremes and Audrey Hepburn . On January 27 , 1991 , Houston , wearing a white tracksuit with a red and blue print and matching athletic headband , performed `` The Star Spangled Banner '' at Super Bowl XXV , held at the Tampa Stadium in Tampa , Florida . Due to overwhelming response to her rendition , the performance was released as a video single , which was certified 2 × Platinum by the RIAA in April 1991 . Such Houston 's patriotism-boosting-performance for the national anthem led her to give Welcome Home Heroes with Whitney Houston concert , which was for the troops , their families , and military and government dignitaries in honor of those returning from the Gulf War . The concert was released as a VHS ( later also LD and DVD ) in the same year and it was certified Gold for shipments of 50,000 units by the RIAA . Though Houston is acknowledged as one of the best live performers , up to date , the live footage is her only full-concert video that has been issued officially in the United States . `` I Will Always Love You '' , one of Houston 's iconic videos , was the clip for the lead single off the soundtrack for Houston 's 1992 film debut The Bodyguard . In the video , directed by Nick Brandt , the camera focused on an elegantly suited up , forlorn-looking Houston sitting in an empty theater and staring into the distance as she watched clips from the movie scroll by . Houston blasted into the song 's towering finale via a quick zoom to her face , eyes closed , and then popping open as she hit the high notes . The idea and the camerawork helped Houston to deliver perfectly the titanically tear-jerking drama of the song . Her other notable video from The Bodyguard Soundtrack , `` Queen of the Night '' , featured Houston performing the song in a club dressed in a metallic costume , which were inspired by scenes from Fritz Lang 's 1927 silent film Metropolis . After Houston contributed to her songs on the soundtracks for two films , in which she also starred , Waiting to Exhale ( 1995 ) and The Preacher 's Wife ( 1996 ) , she teamed up with Mariah Carey in the video for `` When You Believe '' from The Prince of Egypt Soundtrack . In November 1998 , Houston came back to pop music full-time with My Love Is Your Love , which returned her to heavy rotation . The singles from the album , `` Heartbreak Hotel '' , `` It 's Not Right But It 's Okay '' , and `` My Love Is Your Love '' , were all US top 5 hits , and Houston was also once again embraced by MTV thanks to her willingness to let her style and approach evolve in her music and the videos . During that time , most of her music videos were directed by Kevin Bray . Houston began the 2000s with her first greatest hits compilation , Whitney : The Greatest Hits , which spawned three then new videos including two for the duet songs that she collaborated with Enrique Iglesias on `` Could I Have This Kiss Forever '' and George Michael on `` If I Told You That '' . The accompanying video/DVD of the same title was also released at the same time , which contained Houston 's promotional videos from 1985 to 1999 and several hard-to-find live performances including her 1983 TV debut on The Merv Griffin Show . In December 2002 , Houston released her fifth studio album , Just Whitney . Two music videos from the album , `` Whatchulookinat '' and `` Try It on My Own '' , were considered her answers to the media for getting too deep into her personal life and to malicious rumours surrounding then her public image . In the former video , she confronted the issues with a white set with an overhead camera and mirrors on its walls , following and reflecting Houston 's every move . In the latter , did with the storyline strongly reminiscent of her high-profile firing by Burt Bacharach from the 2000 Academy Awards ceremony for not singing `` Over the Rainbow '' during rehearsals for the show . In August 2009 , Houston returned to the music scene with her fourth Billboard 200 number-one album , I Look to You , which yielded `` Million Dollar Bill '' and `` I Look to You '' videos . Most of Houston 's notable videos involve just a bit of perfunctory storyline and focus on her performance , however , several sources recognized her as one of pioneers who laid the groundwork and broke down barriers with the videos during her generation . In 2003 , VH1 ranked Houston at number three on the list of '50 Greatest Women of the Video Era ' . In February 2012 , TIME , on a photo article in honor of Black History Month , listed her as one of '50 Cultural Giants ' . Gil Kaufman from MTV News said that '' -LSB- Houston -RSB- proved you could make a fuss without making a spectacle , '' and added his view on Houston 's legacy as follows : The legendary R&B singer -LSB- Houston -RSB- became one of the most important artists of the early music-video era by taking the road less traveled . -LSB- ... -RSB- While such fellow trailblazers as Michael Jackson and Madonna created video fantasy worlds full of monsters , gangsters , street-fighting men and naughty brides , Houston mostly skipped the drama and stood front and center in her most iconic clips doing the thing that she did best : singing her heart out .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "286327c8cb4b3e86c277c94e44b0c7f2", "text": "Linda Ronstadt Linda Maria Ronstadt ( born July 15 , 1946 ) is an American popular music singer . She has earned 11 Grammy Awards , three American Music Awards , two Academy of Country Music awards , an Emmy Award , and an ALMA Award , and many of her albums have been certified gold , platinum or multiplatinum in the United States and internationally . She has also earned nominations for a Tony Award and a Golden Globe award . She was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in April 2014 . On July 28 , 2014 , she was awarded the National Medal of Arts and Humanities . In total , she has released over 30 studio albums and 15 compilation or greatest hits albums . Ronstadt charted 38 Billboard Hot 100 singles , with 21 reaching the top 40 , 10 in the top 10 , three at number 2 , and `` You 're No Good '' at number 1 . This success did not translate to the UK , with only her single `` Blue Bayou '' reaching the UK Top 40 . Her duet with Aaron Neville , `` Do n't Know Much '' , peaked at number 2 in December 1989 . In addition , she has charted 36 albums , 10 top-10 albums and three number 1 albums on the Billboard Pop Album Chart . Her autobiography , Simple Dreams : A Musical Memoir , was published in September 2013 . It debuted in the Top 10 on The New York Times Best Seller list . Ronstadt has collaborated with artists in diverse genres , including Bette Midler , Billy Eckstine , Frank Zappa , Rosemary Clooney , Flaco Jiménez , Philip Glass , Warren Zevon , Emmylou Harris , Gram Parsons , Dolly Parton , Neil Young , Johnny Cash , and Nelson Riddle . She has lent her voice to over 120 albums and has sold more than 100 million records , making her one of the world 's best-selling artists of all time . Christopher Loudon , of Jazz Times , wrote in 2004 that Ronstadt is `` blessed with arguably the most sterling set of pipes of her generation . '' After completing her last live concert in late 2009 , Ronstadt retired in 2011 . She was diagnosed as having Parkinson 's disease in December 2012 , which left her unable to sing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "62c09b4cc39d7f72f4a0549f06dc8f62", "text": "Inside Information (album) Inside Information is the sixth studio album by the British-American rock band Foreigner , released on December 8 , 1987 . The album hit # 15 on the Billboard 200 Albums Chart and was certified Platinum in the U.S. for sales exceeding one million copies . Although a huge standard by any country 's charting method , the band 's sales were certainly plummeting since the release of 4 in 1981 . It was the last album to feature the 80 's core lineup of Gramm , Jones , Wills and Elliott . `` Say You Will '' was released as the album 's first single . Allmusic later noted that the single was a `` good example '' of the band 's `` balancing act '' as `` the guitar-heavy style of their early work gave way to slick arrangements that pushed electronics to the fore ... temper ( ing ) its rock guitar edge ... and Lou Gramm 's quasi-operatic vocals ... by thick layers of chiming synthesizers and an array of electronic textures . '' The single reached # 6 on the Billboard Hot 100 and became their fourth # 1 hit on the Billboard Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart , holding the top spot for four weeks . The song also became the band 's third-highest charting hit in Germany , where it reached # 22 , faring even better in Switzerland , the Netherlands , and particularly Norway , where it reached # 4 . A rare CD single featured an extended remix version of the track . The second single , `` I Do n't Want to Live Without You '' , reached # 5 on the Hot 100 . Markedly softer than any of their work to date , the record was their first and only # 1 on the Adult Contemporary chart , after the more rousing ballads `` Waiting for a Girl Like You '' and `` I Want to Know What Love Is '' had reached # 5 and # 3 on that chart respectively . Allmusic would later observe that while `` the end result lacked the distinctive rock touches of past Foreigner ballads , '' Lou Gramm `` contributes a lead vocal that avoids histrionics in favor of an emotional but very smooth delivery '' over `` washes of synthesizer ... fleshed out by some meditative electric piano riffs '' . Nevertheless , the song charted at mainstream rock radio , where it peaked at # 18 . The # 5 Hot 100 peak was their best showing in six singles , yet despite being followed up by more impassioned , up-tempo material it would be their last major pop hit to date . Further singles from the album included `` Heart Turns to Stone '' , which had peaked at # 7 on the Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart in an earlier non-commercial release only to rock radio but only managed # 56 on the Hot 100 several months later , and the harder `` Ca n't Wait '' , which matched the # 18 Mainstream Rock Tracks charting of `` I Do n't Want to Live Without You '' but failed to crack the Hot 100 . `` Out of the Blue '' was also released as a single , but it did not chart . However , it was notable for being the only song in the band 's catalogue to be credited to all four members from the classic 80 's lineup . The following year saw a successful solo album and singles from Lou Gramm and found Mick Jones releasing an album and producing for artists including Billy Joel .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d1db2ebf5d6d7b3938993fa90fa5e398", "text": "A Night at the Met A Night at the Met is the third official album release by Robin Williams on August 9 , 1986 . It features segments recorded live at Metropolitan Opera House in New York City . The album won the 1988 Grammy Award for Best Comedy Performance Single or Album , Spoken or Musical . The album was released the year before Williams ' critically acclaimed performance in the motion picture Good Morning , Vietnam ( 1987 ) . He had been shifting his focus from stand-up comedy to film making for several years , and A Night at the Met would be one of his last major concerts during the 1980s . The show is a mix of Williams ' quick-witted humor and voice work , with rants on the topics of drugs , sex , world affairs , and parenting . References to the events and people of the 1980s are mentioned heavily throughout ; U.S. President Ronald Reagan , Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi , and President of the Soviet Union Mikhail Gorbachev are central to many of the jokes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "05350ecb773e219611e2fa0b4a476c65", "text": "Slippery When Wet Slippery When Wet is the third studio album by American rock band Bon Jovi . It was released on August 18 , 1986 by Mercury Records in North America and Vertigo Records internationally . The album was produced by Bruce Fairbairn . Recording sessions took place between January and July 1986 at Little Mountain Sound Studios in Vancouver , Canada . Slippery When Wet was an instant commercial success . The album features songs that are considered Bon Jovi 's most well-known tracks , such as the singles `` You Give Love a Bad Name '' , `` Livin ' on a Prayer '' and `` Wanted Dead or Alive '' . The album spent eight weeks at No. 1 on the U.S. Billboard 200 album chart and was named by Billboard as the top-selling album of 1987 . Slippery When Wet is Bon Jovi 's best-selling studio album to date , with an RIAA certification of 12 × Platinum , making it one of the top 100 best-selling albums in the United States . The album was featured in the 2005 book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ff6aa1bf26cf8210ec7e153e418bc32", "text": "Live Alive Tour The Live Alive Tour was a worldwide concert tour by American blues rock band Stevie Ray Vaughan and Double Trouble . Staged in support of their 1986 live album Live Alive , the band visited North America and Europe from 1986 through 1988 . A week before it began , guitarist and singer Stevie Ray Vaughan and bassist Tommy Shannon had achieved sobriety and it was their first tour after succeeding in overcoming their addictions . Consisting of six legs and 209 shows , the tour began in Towson , Maryland on November 22 , 1986 and concluded in New York City on December 31 , 1988 . The first four legs alternated between the United States and Canada , before the fifth leg visited Europe . The tour was mostly well-received and provoked positive reactions from music critics . The band 's 1989 album In Step , which included song ideas that were being performed on the tour , was recorded after the tour 's conclusion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "058afefa67b6fb8d792ac9263a11fbbe", "text": "More Love Songs More Love Songs is a 1986 album by Loudon Wainwright III released on Rounder Records . Wainwright had moved to England , and this was the second album produced by ( and featuring ) Richard Thompson . Critically and popularly it is probably considered the peak of his 1980s renaissance . After three albums in four years , it would be another three years before he released the largely ignored Therapy . The style of the album combines purely acoustic staples like `` Your Mother and I '' with piano-driven ballads like `` The Back Nine '' and full-blown rockers like `` Vampire Blues '' and `` Hard Day on the Planet '' . Wainwright also careens emotionally from the sad `` Overseas Call '' to the laugh-out-loud `` Synchronicity '' . Wainwright also enjoyed a period of popularity as a regular on The Jasper Carrott Show in the UK , and many of the songs from his following album were written during this time as well as some ( still ) unreleased ones . By the late 1980s Wainwright was back in the USA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "045316d78502832c88423cd1ed5d17bd", "text": "Romantically Yours Romantically Yours was the second posthumous release by American recording artist Marvin Gaye , also released by Columbia Records in 1985 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d8c73c63637aa63514ec129a6040226", "text": "Monster (Lady Gaga song) `` Monster '' is a song by American recording artist Lady Gaga , from her third EP , The Fame Monster ( 2009 ) . Inspired by her `` Fear of Attachment Monster '' , the record was written by Gaga , RedOne and Space Cowboy , with RedOne producing the track . Gaga had explained that `` Monster '' describes her fear of sex and relationships , and described the lyrics as being in love with the bad boy all the time , but instead of running away , one keeps going back to the same person . She added that the fear in `` Monster '' erupted from her need to have a stable relationship . Incorporating the usage of heavy bass lines , descending keyboard lines and `` massive '' choruses , `` Monster '' contains zombie like metaphors , and a reference to Gaga 's debut single `` Just Dance '' . `` Monster '' received generally positive reviews from critics who appreciated the song 's musical arrangement and frequently rated it as a top track from The Fame Monster , while some disliked its lyrics . `` Monster '' enjoyed brief commercial success in 2010 , charting on four singles charts , as well as the Billboard Hot Dance Club Songs and Latin Pop Airplay . Gaga has mostly performed `` Monster '' on her 2009 -- 11 The Monster Ball Tour . The performance included the portrayal of homicide and was criticized following a real-life incident at Manchester in the United Kingdom . She also performed `` Monster '' on The Oprah Winfrey Show .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1035d21564b08b179e598f58d9d67e61", "text": "Tony Bennett and Lady Gaga: Cheek to Cheek Live! Tony Bennett and Lady Gaga : Cheek to Cheek Live ! is an American concert television special featuring live performances by Tony Bennett and Lady Gaga in support of their collaborative studio album , Cheek to Cheek , released in September 2014 . It was held at the Rose Theater of Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts in July following the announcement of the album 's release , and was aired on PBS on October 24 , 2014 , as part of the network 's Great Performances series . The concert was watched by an audience consisting of invited guests and students from New York schools . Bennett and Gaga were joined on stage by 39-piece orchestra and jazz musicians associated with both artists . A number of costumes were worn by Gaga , provided by designers including Roberto Cavalli , Michael Costello , Mathieu Mirano , Valentino as well as David Samuel Menkes . The special received one nomination at the 67th Primetime Emmy Awards . Bennett and Gaga performed a total of 13 songs from the album , including the number one singles on Billboards Jazz chart `` Anything Goes '' and `` I Ca n't Give You Anything but Love '' . Before the concert was aired , a number of promotional videos from the show were released . Additionally , PBS announced that the concert was filmed in 4K resolution . On January 20 , 2015 , the DVD and Blu-ray was released , and later for digital download on iTunes Store . It reached the top-ten of the record charts in many countries , reaching number one in the US and Belgium . Bennett and Gaga partnered with LG Electronic , who aired the concert across all retail chains in the United States , on LG 's 4K Ultra High-definition TV screens . Tony Bennett and Lady Gaga : Cheek to Cheek Live ! became the first concert to be streamed in 4K resolution . The show received positive reviews , with critics praising Gaga and Bennett 's vocals and their camaraderie on stage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc172f1ef685c2db421e5343624548f8", "text": "Grammy Award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance The Grammy Award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance ( previously called Best Rhythm and Blues Solo Vocal Performance , Female ) was an honor presented at the Grammy Awards , a ceremony established in 1958 and originally called the Gramophone Awards , to female recording artists for quality R&B songs . Awards in several categories are distributed annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States to `` honor artistic achievement , technical proficiency and overall excellence in the recording industry , without regard to album sales or chart position . '' According to the category description guide for the 52nd Grammy Awards , the award was presented to artists that performed `` newly recorded solo R&B vocal performances '' . Solo numbers by members of an established group were not eligible for the award as `` separate entries from the duo or group performances . '' Albums were also considered for the accolade until 1992 . As a part of the major overhaul of Grammy categories , the award was discontinued in 2011 . The Female R&B Vocal Performance category , Male R&B Vocal Performance category and all duo/group vocal performances in the R&B category shifted to the Best R&B Performance category in 2012 . The award for the Best Female R&B Vocal Performance was first presented to Aretha Franklin at the 10th Grammy Awards ceremony in 1968 for the song `` Respect '' . Franklin received the most wins with eleven , followed by Anita Baker with five . Franklin also holds the record for the most nominations with twenty-three , while Chaka Khan is second with eight nominations . Fantasia Barrino became the final recipient of the award , when her song `` Bittersweet '' won the award in 2011 . The award was presented to artists from the United States each year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "91e4cc477b24c8dd24ce1e298777a703", "text": "Riptide (album) Riptide is the eighth solo studio album by the British singer Robert Palmer . It was originally released in November 1985 . The album was recorded over a period of three months in 1985 , at Compass Point Studios in Nassau , Bahamas . The album charted at number 8 in the US and No. 5 in the UK . It was certified double platinum in the US by the RIAA in March 1996 and certified gold in the UK by BPI in August 1986 . It featured the songs `` Addicted to Love '' , `` I Did n't Mean to Turn You On '' , `` Discipline of Love '' , and `` Riptide '' which were all released as singles . The single `` Addicted to Love '' was accompanied by a memorable and much-imitated music video , directed by Terence Donovan , in which Palmer is surrounded by a bevy of near-identically clad , heavily made-up ( and appropriately pouty ) female `` musicians , '' either mimicking or mocking the painting style of Patrick Nagel . In September 1986 , Palmer performed `` Addicted to Love '' at the 1986 MTV Video Music Awards in Los Angeles . In 1987 , he won the Grammy Award for Best Male Rock Vocal Performance for `` Addicted to Love '' . At the 1987 Brit Awards , Palmer received his first nomination for Best British Male . Another single from Riptide , his cover of Cherrelle 's `` I Did n't Mean to Turn You On '' , also performed well ( US # 2 , UK # 9 ) . Another song , `` Trick Bag , '' was written by one of his major influences , New Orleans jazz artist Earl King . For the album , Palmer collaborated with two former members from The Power Station , guitarist Andy Taylor and drummer Tony Thompson . The Power Station 's producer Bernard Edwards also played bass and produced the album . The album also features contributions from American Singer-songwriter Chaka Khan , Level 42 's keyboardist Wally Badarou , and session musicians Guy Pratt , Jeff Bova , Eddie Martinez , and Jack Waldman ( who died a year after the album 's release ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ed95ac4ffd160ec54967cd3e5cc564c2", "text": "1986 Laurence Olivier Awards The 1986 Laurence Olivier Awards were held in 1986 in London celebrating excellence in West End theatre by the Society of London Theatre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e5e02d70d2216c10220aac0ca6a690c", "text": "Bad (album) Bad is the seventh studio album by American singer and songwriter Michael Jackson , released on August 31 , 1987 in the United States by Epic Records and internationally by CBS Records . It was released nearly five years after Jackson 's previous solo studio album , Thriller ( 1982 ) . Bad was recorded during the first half of 1987 . The lyrical themes include media bias , paranoia , racial profiling , romance , self-improvement and world peace . The album cemented Jackson 's status as one of the most successful artists of the 1980s . Bad saw Jackson exercise even more artistic freedom than he did with his two previous Epic releases ( Off the Wall and Thriller ) ; Jackson composed nine of the album 's eleven tracks , and received co-producer credit for the entire album . Nine of the eleven songs on Bad were released as singles ; one was a promotional single , and another was released outside of the United States and Canada . Five of the singles hit No. 1 in the United States , while a sixth charted within the top ten , and a seventh charted within the top twenty on the Hot 100 . Bad peaked at No. 1 in thirteen countries and charted within the top twenty in other territories . The only songs on the album which were not released as a single were `` Speed Demon '' and `` Just Good Friends '' , the latter being the only song on the album to also not have a music video accompanying it . The album continued Jackson 's commercial success in the late 1980s , and garnered six Grammy Award nominations , winning two . Aside from commercial success , the album was well received by contemporary critics . The album produced a record five Billboard Hot 100 number one singles , the first of two albums to do so , the second being Katy Perry 's 2010 album Teenage Dream . Bad was ranked No. 43 in the 100 Greatest Albums of All Time of the MTV Generation in 2009 by VH1 and number 202 in Rolling Stone magazine 's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time . As of 2012 , Bad had reportedly sold between 30 and 45 million copies worldwide and has been cited as one of the 30 best-selling albums of all time . In 2017 , the album was certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America , denoting sales of over ten million copies in the United States . The album marked the final collaboration between Jackson and producer Quincy Jones .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1610f01dc90988f1f0b386652b6f29ab", "text": "Lady T (album) Lady T is the second studio album by American singer Teena Marie , released by Motown 's Gordy label on February 14 , 1980 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d045a21f1c0a7fd5a0dbc94f5d3be4f", "text": "Dance/Electronic Digital Songs Dance/Electronic Digital Songs is a weekly chart that ranks the best-selling digital dance and electronic singles in the United States , according to Billboard . Although it originally started tracking singles the week of January 2 , 2010 , it did not become an official chart until the issue dated April 3 , 2010 . The Dance/Electronic Digital Songs chart tracks the 50 most popular downloaded dance music singles , including tracks that are exclusively available online only . This chart also includes previously released dance and disco songs that became available for downloading , which means that songs like `` You Spin Me Round ( Like a Record ) '' by Dead or Alive are eligible to chart . On January 17 , 2013 , Billboard added a new chart , Dance/Electronic Songs , which tracks the 50 most popular Dance and Electronic singles and tracks based on club play , single sales , radio airplay , digital downloads , and online streaming . As such , this chart serves as the main component for the Dance Club Songs , Dance/Mix Show Airplay , Dance Single Sales , and Dance/Electronic Digital Songs charts . The chart 's first number one was `` Bad Romance '' by Lady Gaga in the January 23 , 2010 issue and Gaga 's songs spent so far ( as December , 2014 ) a total of 1025 weeks on the chart . The chart 's longest running number-one is `` Bulletproof '' by La Roux , reigning at the lead position for 18 consecutive weeks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e46e364ea09e7fd5d0578aa9822586c", "text": "The Lady in Red (Chris de Burgh song) `` The Lady in Red '' is a song by British-Irish singer-songwriter Chris de Burgh . It was released in June 1986 as the second single from the album Into the Light . The song was responsible for introducing de Burgh 's music to a mainstream audience worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f501bca0cd78ba1f30657e298cc11aa4", "text": "List of Billboard 200 number-one albums of 1983 The Billboard 200 , published in Billboard magazine , is a weekly chart that ranks the highest-selling music albums and EPs in the United States . In 1983 , the name of the chart was Top LPs & Tape . Before Nielsen SoundScan began tracking sales in 1991 , Billboard estimated sales from a representative sampling of record stores nationwide , using telephone , fax or messenger service . Data were based on rankings made by the record stores of the best-selling records , not on actual sales figures . There were six number-one albums on this chart in 1983 , including the debut album of the Australian band Men at Work , Business as Usual , which spent the last seven weeks of 1982 and the first eight weeks of 1983 at number one , and was certified quadruple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) in 1984 . Thriller , the sixth studio album by recording artist Michael Jackson , was released on November 1982 . It peaked at number one for twenty-two non-consecutive weeks in 1983 with another fifteen consecutive weeks at the top into the following year , and seven songs from the album became top ten singles between late 1982 and early 1984 . Two of them : `` Billie Jean '' and `` Beat It '' , reached the top position of the Billboard Hot 100 . Thriller won eight Grammy Awards , including Album of the Year at the 26th Grammy Awards , and was the best-selling album of 1983 with more than fifteen million copies sold . In 2008 , twenty-five years after its release , the record was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame , and a few weeks later , it was among twenty-five recordings preserved by the Library of Congress to the National Recording Registry as `` culturally significant '' . Flashdance , the soundtrack to the 1983 musical and romance film of the same name , peaked at number one for two weeks and won the Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture . The two singles released from the album , `` Flashdance ... What a Feeling '' by Irene Cara , and `` Maniac '' by Michael Sembello , reached the top of the singles chart in 1983 . The New York Times considered the British band The Police to be the year 's most influential rock band . Australian , British , and American bands copied the white-reggae formula of their ( The Police 's ) earlier successes . The group released their fifth and final studio album , Synchronicity , in 1983 . The album , a varied accomplished blend of rock , funk , and third-world rhythms , stayed at number one for seventeen weeks and was certified four times platinum by the RIAA in 1984 . Metal Health , the third album by heavy metal band Quiet Riot , peaked at number one for one week , becoming the first heavy metal record to reach the top of the Billboard 200 . Singer-songwriter Lionel Richie released his second album Ca n't Slow Down in 1983 , which spent three weeks at the top and won the Grammy Award for Album of the Year at the 27th Grammy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c5128a879334c420e4972ef8b4862b7", "text": "MTV Video Music Award for Best Video with a Social Message The MTV Video Music Award for Best Video with a Social Message is an award handed out at the yearly MTV Video Music Awards , first introduced at the 2011 ceremony . The first winner of the category was Lady Gaga . As of 2015 , Kelly Clarkson , Rise Against , and Beyoncé have received the most nominations in this category , being nominated twice .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "89d3bdfb276fe14d91a723dea1913bb2", "text": "Loki In Norse mythology , Loki ( Anglicized ( -LSB- ˈloʊki -RSB- ) ) , Loptr , or Hveðrungr is a god or jötunn ( or both ) . Loki is the son of Fárbauti and Laufey , and the brother of Helblindi and Býleistr . By the jötunn Angrboða , Loki is the father of Hel , the wolf Fenrir , and the world serpent Jörmungandr . By his wife Sigyn , Loki is the father of Narfi and/or Nari . By the stallion Svaðilfari , Loki is the mother -- giving birth in the form of a mare -- to the eight-legged horse Sleipnir . In addition , Loki is referred to as the father of Váli in Prose Edda , though this source also refers to Odin as the father of Váli twice , and Váli is found mentioned as a Son of Loki only once . Loki 's relation with the gods varies by source ; Loki sometimes assists the gods and sometimes behaves in a malicious manner towards them . Loki is a shape shifter and in separate incidents he appears in the form of a salmon , a mare , a fly , and possibly an elderly woman named Þökk ( Old Norse ` thanks ' ) . Loki 's positive relations with the gods end with his role in engineering the death of the god Baldr and Loki is eventually bound by Váli with the entrails of one of his sons . In both the Poetic Edda and the Prose Edda , the goddess Skaði is responsible for placing a serpent above him while he is bound . The serpent drips venom from above him that Sigyn collects into a bowl ; however , she must empty the bowl when it is full , and the venom that drips in the meantime causes Loki to writhe in pain , thereby causing earthquakes . With the onset of Ragnarök , Loki is foretold to slip free from his bonds and to fight against the gods among the forces of the jötnar , at which time he will encounter the god Heimdallr and the two will slay each other . Loki is referred to in the Poetic Edda , compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources ; the Prose Edda and Heimskringla , written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson ; the Norwegian Rune Poems , in the poetry of skalds , and in Scandinavian folklore . Loki may be depicted on the Snaptun Stone , the Kirkby Stephen Stone , and the Gosforth Cross . Loki 's origins and role in Norse mythology , which some scholars have described as that of a trickster god , have been much debated by scholars . Loki has been depicted in or is referenced in a variety of media in modern popular culture .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "44870e0244427789df79e1aff5cf3252", "text": "Hammer of the Gods (2009 film) Hammer of the Gods ( known as THOR : Hammer of the Gods ) is a 2009 made-for-TV film , directed by Todor `` Toshko '' Chapkanov and produced by Jeffery Beach and Phillip J. Roth for the Syfy channel . It tells the story of the thunder god Thor , after he defeated the Midgard Serpent and died , then was reincarnated into a mortal man . Thor , along with his two brothers and friends travel to a mysterious island at Midgard 's edge , seeking glory and fame . Upon arriving they encounter strange creatures and they start searching the island for answers . Meanwhile , Thor keeps seeing visions of a mighty warrior and a big hammer and Freyja tells him that his visions are clues . So they start searching for the hammer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5efaa36da0167bae23582474a569e1ba", "text": "Seiðr In Old Norse , seiðr ( sometimes anglicized as seidhr , seidh , seidr , seithr , seith , or seid ) was a type of sorcery which was practiced in Norse society during the Late Scandinavian Iron Age . Connected with Norse religion , its origins are largely unknown , although it gradually eroded following the Christianization of Scandinavia . Accounts of seiðr later made it into sagas and other literary sources , while further evidence has been unearthed by archaeologists . Various scholars have debated the nature of seiðr , some arguing that it was shamanic in context , involving visionary journeys by its practitioners . Seiðr practitioners were of both sexes , although females are more widely attested , with such sorceresses being variously known as vǫlur , seiðkonur and vísendakona . There were also accounts of male practitioners , known as seiðmenn , but in practising magic they brought a social taboo , known as ergi , on to themselves , and were sometimes persecuted as a result . In many cases these magical practitioners would have had assistants to aid them in their rituals . In pre-Christian Norse mythology , seiðr was associated with both the god Oðinn , a deity who was simultaneously responsible for war , poetry and sorcery , and the goddess Freyja , a member of the Vanir who was believed to have taught the practice to the Æsir . In the 20th century , adherents of various modern pagan new religious movements adopted forms of magico-religious practice that include seiðr . The practices of these contemporary seiðr-workers have since been investigated by various academic researchers operating in the field of pagan studies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac9d5073cb4d10fd7ba9a115948e71a4", "text": "Leir (Marvel Comics) Leir is a fictional character in the Marvel Universe . He is one of the Celtic gods of Avalon , god of lightning and the spear . For ages , enmity existed between the gods of Avalon and the gods of Asgard . Leir is based on Lir in Celtic mythology .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b14d071d4432583146a3aa068c874bd", "text": "Pallas (Titan) In Greek mythology , Pallas ( -LSB- / ˈpæl əs / -RSB- Πάλλας ) was one of the Titans . According to Hesiod , he was the son of Crius and Eurybia , the brother of Astraeus and Perses , the husband of Styx , and the father of Zelus ( `` Zeal '' or `` Emulation '' ) , Nike ( `` Victory '' ) , Kratos ( `` Strength '' or `` Power '' ) , and Bia ( `` Might '' or `` Force '' ) . Hyginus says that Pallas , whom he calls `` the giant '' , also fathered with Styx : Scylla , Fontes ( `` Fountains '' ) and Lacus ( `` Lakes '' ) . Pallas was sometimes regarded as the Titan god of warcraft and of the springtime campaign season . The Homeric Hymn to Hermes makes the moon goddess Selene ( usually the daughter of the Titans Hyperion and Theia ) , the daughter of a Pallas , son of ( otherwise unknown ) Megamedes , which is possibly the same as this Pallas . Ovid uses the patronymic `` Pallantias '' or `` Pallantis '' as another name for Aurora , the Roman equivalent of the Greek Eos ( `` Dawn '' ) , who was the sister of Selene ; Ovid apparently regarding Aurora ( or Eos ) as the daughter of ( or otherwise related to ) Pallas . The Suda in discussing Athena 's epithet `` Pallas '' suggests a possible derivation `` from brandishing ( pallein ) the spear '' . The geographer Pausanias reports that Pellene , a city in Achaea , was claimed by its inhabitants to be named after Pallas , while the Argives claimed it was named for the Argive Pellen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "58560d8fa1533707faaa98721bf028aa", "text": "Thor (volcano) Thor is an active volcano on Jupiter 's moon Io . It is located on Io 's anti-Jupiter hemisphere at . A major eruption with high thermal emission and a large , volcanic plume was observed during a Galileo flyby on August 6 , 2001 , when the spacecraft flew through the outer portions of the plume allowing for direct sampling . The eruption continued into Galileo 's next flyby in October 2001 . As seen during high-resolution images taken during the eruption , Thor consists of a series of dark lava flows emanating from a set of nearby volcanic depressions . Before the eruption , the area consisted of red-brown plains , composed of irradiated sulfur , typical of Io 's mid - to high-northern latitudes and a set of yellow flows , possibly consisting of sulfur or silicate flows covered by diffuse sulfur deposits . During the New Horizons encounter in February 2007 , Thor was still active , with the spacecraft observing thermal emission in the near-infrared and a volcanic plume at the volcano . Thor was named in 2006 by the International Astronomical Union ( IAU ) after the Norse god of thunder , Thor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d72fb63261f565473264834c4d76280e", "text": "Askeladden Askeladden ( Norwegian `` Ash Lad '' ) is the main character in many Norwegian folktales . In some ways , he represents the small man who succeeds where all others fail . He always wins in the end , often winning the princess and half the kingdom . The origin of this character was compared by scholars to the one of the old Norse god Loki as a fire Vættir . In some retellings , Askeladden is renamed Boots .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e8419afaf2cabdd7802b0d3f89018bc", "text": "Fimafeng Fimafeng is a servant of Ægir in Norse mythology . His name means `` quick service '' or `` handy service . '' In the Lokasenna , Fimafeng and Eldir did a good job of welcoming guests to a feast for the Æsir being hosted by Ægir . Loki was jealous of the praise being heaped upon them and killed Fimafeng . This caused the Norse gods to expel Loki from the party . Loki returns to the party and offers an elaborate series of insults ( flyting ) of the gods . Category : Servants in Norse mythology", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ebc72d874f1a71caa1a825e324e25f38", "text": "Thor In Norse mythology , Thor ( -LSB- θɔr -RSB- from Old Norse Þórr ) is a hammer-wielding god associated with thunder , lightning , storms , oak trees , strength , the protection of mankind , and also hallowing and fertility . The cognate deity in wider Germanic mythology and paganism was known in Old English as Þunor and in Old High German as Donar ( runic þonar ) , stemming from a Common Germanic * Þunraz ( meaning `` thunder '' ) . Ultimately stemming from Proto-Indo-European religion , Thor is a prominently mentioned god throughout the recorded history of the Germanic peoples , from the Roman occupation of regions of Germania , to the tribal expansions of the Migration Period , to his high popularity during the Viking Age , when , in the face of the process of the Christianization of Scandinavia , emblems of his hammer , Mjölnir , were worn and Norse pagan personal names containing the name of the god bear witness to his popularity . Into the modern period , Thor continued to be acknowledged in rural folklore throughout Germanic regions . Thor is frequently referred to in place names , the day of the week Thursday ( `` Thor 's day '' from Old English Thunresdæg , ` Thunor 's day ' ) bears his name , and names stemming from the pagan period containing his own continue to be used today . In Norse mythology , largely recorded in Iceland from traditional material stemming from Scandinavia , numerous tales and information about Thor are provided . In these sources , Thor bears at least fourteen names , is the husband of the golden-haired goddess Sif , is the lover of the jötunn Járnsaxa , and is generally described as fierce eyed , red haired and red bearded . With Sif , Thor fathered the goddess ( and possible valkyrie ) Þrúðr ; with Járnsaxa , he fathered Magni ; with a mother whose name is not recorded , he fathered Móði , and he is the stepfather of the god Ullr . The same sources list Thor as the son of the god Odin and the personified earth , Jörð , and by way of Odin , Thor has numerous brothers . Thor has two servants , Þjálfi and Röskva , rides in a cart or chariot pulled by two goats , Tanngrisnir and Tanngnjóstr ( that he eats and resurrects ) , and is ascribed three dwellings ( Bilskirnir , Þrúðheimr , and Þrúðvangr ) . Thor wields the mountain-crushing hammer , Mjölnir , wears the belt Megingjörð and the iron gloves Járngreipr , and owns the staff Gríðarvölr . Thor 's exploits , including his relentless slaughter of his foes and fierce battles with the monstrous serpent Jörmungandr -- and their foretold mutual deaths during the events of Ragnarök -- are recorded throughout sources for Norse mythology . Thor has inspired numerous works of art and references to Thor appear in modern popular culture . Like other Germanic deities , veneration of Thor is revived in the modern period in Heathenry .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dfe43ec8bd558d13582d1ab5dc9c0c22", "text": "Háttatal The Háttatal ( -LSB- ˈhauʰtaˌtʰaːl -RSB- , conversation of meters ; c. 20,000 words ) is the last section of the Prose Edda composed by the Icelandic poet , politician , and historian Snorri Sturluson . Using , for the most part , his own compositions , it exemplifies the types of verse forms used in Old Norse poetry . Snorri took a prescriptive as well as descriptive approach ; he has systematized the material , and often notes that `` the older poets did not always '' follow his rules . Most of the forms depend on number of syllables per line , as well as assonance , consonance , and alliteration . Although end rhyme is represented , it does not function in the ways most modern English speakers expect ( forms include AAAAAAAA , and AAAABBBB ) , and plays a very minor role . Understanding this work will be much easier if the First Grammatical Treatise is also available to hand . Many scholars have suggested that the form of Háttatal suggests a classical influence deriving from the traditions of Christian learning to which Snorri was doubtlessly exposed . Others have argued that this is a result of using a logical approach , within the framework of a dialog , and that some aspects of the work prove that it was not directly influenced by classical writings .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f5d47d6fe9097abac21475998e2f835", "text": "Finnish flood myth In the Kalevala rune entitled `` Haava '' ( The Wound , section 8 ) , Väinämöinen attempts a heroic feat that results in a gushing wound , the blood from which covers the entire earth . This deluge is not emphasized in the Kalevala version redacted by Elias Lönnrot , but the global quality of the flood is evident in original variants of the rune . In one variant collected in Northern Ostrobothnia in 1803/04 , the rune tells : The blood came forth like a flood the gore ran like a river : there was no hummock and no high mountain that was not flooded all from Väinämöinen 's toe from the holy hero 's knee . '' Matti Kuusi notes in his analysis that the rune 's motifs of constructing a boat , a wound , and a flood have parallels with flood myths from around the world . According to Anna-Leena Siikala , Väinämöinen 's legs are of mythological and cosmogonic significance throughout Finnish mythology . For example , it is originally on Väinämöinen 's knee that the primordial water-fowl first lays the world egg .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d4fe1031283425a45cfe8a3bf27606c5", "text": "Igaluk In Inuit mythology , Igaluk is one of the most powerful gods of the pantheon . He is a lunar deity . In Greenland , he is known as Aningan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7bc89ff1103c527c0f67ac51e19ab506", "text": "Ogre An ogre ( feminine ogress ) is a term used in myth and folk tales for a variety of abominable and brutish hominid monsters , informally large , unpleasant , grotesque , predatory , and typically cannibalistic towards normal human beings , infants , and children . Ogres and similar creatures feature in mythology , folklore , and fiction around the world , appearing in many classic works of literature and fairy tales . Ogres vary in size depending on the depiction , ranging from moderately large and heavyset by human standards to inhuman and disproportionate giants . Common features include oversized heads and mouths , animal-like bodily hair , discolored skin , extreme physical strength , a voracious appetite , and a generally hideous appearance , odor , and manner . Ogres overlap heavily with giants in mythology and may be considered a subtype thereof ; they also overlap with human cannibals in fiction . The villainous giant in `` Jack and the Beanstalk '' and `` Jack the Giant Killer '' matches an ogre in description and is sometimes directly termed an ogre in variants , and other man-eating giants such as those in The BFG and the Giant Despair in The Pilgrim 's Progress are highly comparable . Further examples of famous folktales featuring ogres include Puss in Boots abd `` Hop-o ' - My-Thumb '' ; while the most famous ogres in modern fiction are the eponymous main character Shrek and his wife Fiona from the animated comedy film series of the same name . Other characters and monsters sometimes comparable to or described as ogres in trait include the titular husband in `` Bluebeard '' , the Beast from `` Beauty and the Beast '' , `` Beowulf 's '' enemy Grendel , the Cyclops Polyphemus from Homer 's Odyssey , the related cyclops in the tales of `` Sinbad the Sailor '' , and the oni of Japanese folklore .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4374bfcedca0328344a99a0c525886f9", "text": "Ki (goddess) Cuneiform KI ( Borger 2003 nr . 737 ; U +121 A0 ) is the sign for `` earth '' . It is also read as GI5 , GUNNI ( = KI.NE ) `` hearth '' , KARAŠ ( = KI.KAL.BAD ) `` encampment , army '' , KISLAḪ ( = KI.UD ) `` threshing floor '' or steath , and SUR7 ( = KI.GAG ) . In Akkadian orthography , it functions as a determiner for toponyms and has the syllabic values gi , ge , qi , and qe . As an earth goddess in Sumerian mythology , Ki was the chief consort of An , the sky god . In some legends Ki and An were brother and sister , being the offspring of Anshar ( `` Sky Pivot '' ) and Kishar ( `` Earth Pivot '' ) , earlier personifications of heaven and earth . By her consort Anu , Ki gave birth to the Anunnaki , the most prominent of these deities being Enlil , god of the air . According to legends , heaven and earth were once inseparable until Enlil was born ; Enlil cleaved heaven and earth in two . An carried away heaven . Ki , in company with Enlil , took the earth . Some authorities question whether Ki was regarded as a deity since there is no evidence of a cult and the name appears only in a limited number of Sumerian creation texts . Samuel Noah Kramer identifies Ki with the Sumerian mother goddess Ninhursag and claims that they were originally the same figure . She later developed into the Babylonian and Akkadian goddess Antu , consort of the god Anu ( from Sumerian An ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e05956e8ed91bed9a8dd89213d43da62", "text": "Thor (Marvel Comics) Thor Odinson is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . The character , based on the Norse mythological deity of the same name , is the Asgardian god of thunder and possesses the enchanted hammer Mjolnir , which grants him the ability of flight and weather manipulation amongst his other superhuman attributes . Debuting in the Silver Age of Comic Books , the character first appeared in Journey into Mystery # 83 ( Aug. 1962 ) and was created by editor-plotter Stan Lee , scripter Larry Lieber , and penciller-plotter Jack Kirby . He has starred in several ongoing series and limited series , and is a founding member of the superhero team the Avengers , appearing in each volume of that series . The character has also appeared in associated Marvel merchandise including animated television series , clothing , toys , trading cards , video games , and movies . The character was first portrayed in live action by Eric Allan Kramer in the 1988 television movie The Incredible Hulk Returns . Chris Hemsworth portrays Thor in the Marvel Cinematic Universe films Thor , The Avengers , Thor : The Dark World and Avengers : Age of Ultron and will reprise his role in Thor : Ragnarok , Avengers : Infinity War , and its untitled sequel . Thor placed 14th on IGN 's list of `` Top 100 Comic Book Heroes of All Time '' in 2011 , and first in their list of `` The Top 50 Avengers '' in 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2931ee13479c3de9d179ccef8e37689", "text": "Odin from Lejre Odin from Lejre is a small cast silver figurine from approximately 900 C.E. , depicting an individual on a throne wearing a floor-length dress , an apron , four bead necklaces , a neck ring , a cloak and a rim-less hat . Two birds are seated on the armrests and the back of the throne features the heads of two animals . The figurine has inlay of black niello ( black coloured alloy ) and some gilding . The figure measures 18 mm in height and weights 9 grams . The figurine was found by local amateur archaeologist Tommy Olesen on September 2 , 2009 , during the Roskilde Museum excavations of a small village at Gammel Lejre ( `` Old Lejre '' ) near the modern town of Lejre , Denmark . The figurine was unveiled at the Roskilde Museum on November 13 , 2009 , and is now part of the permanent exhibition . The identity of the figure depicted has been the subject of some dispute . The excavator interpreted it as the god Odin sitting on his throne Hliðskjálf , from which he sees into all the worlds . The birds would be the ravens Huginn and Muninn , who gathered information for Odin . The beast-heads might symbolise Odin 's two wolves , Geri and Freki . However , some scholars specialising in Viking Age dress and gender representation have pointed out that the person is dressed entirely in female attire , resulting in theories that the figure may in fact represent either the goddesses Frigg or Freyja . Parallels have been pointed to between `` Odin from Lejre '' and a silver figure often identified as Freyja found in Aska , Sweden .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bacb03e368eb3d4d1bb1be53cf396e1e", "text": "Svipul In Norse mythology , Svipul ( Old Norse `` changeable '' ) is a valkyrie . Svipul is attested among valkyrie list in the poem Darraðarljóð and the longer of the two Nafnaþulur valkyrie lists in the Poetic Edda book Skáldskaparmál . In addition , the name Svipul appears as a synonym for `` battle '' in Skáldskaparmál . Rudolf Simek theorizes that the name Svipul presumably refers to the changeable nature of fate , whose directors the valkyries are represented as being , especially in Darraðarljóð .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a3a53770d5f2c147e7acaea8751ee79", "text": "LOKI97 In cryptography , LOKI97 is a block cipher which was a candidate in the Advanced Encryption Standard competition . It is a member of the LOKI family of ciphers , earlier instances being LOKI89 and LOKI91 . LOKI97 was designed by Lawrie Brown , assisted by Jennifer Seberry and Josef Pieprzyk . Like DES , LOKI97 is a 16-round Feistel cipher , and like other AES candidates , has a 128-bit block size and a choice of a 128 - , 192 - or 256-bit key length . It uses 16 rounds of a balanced feistel network to process the input data blocks ( see diagram right ) . The complex round function f incorporates two substitution-permutation layers in each round.The key schedule is also a Feistel structure -- an unbalanced one unlike the main network -- but using the same F-function . The LOKI97 round function ( shown right ) uses two columns each with multiple copies of two basic S-boxes . These S-boxes are designed to be highly non-linear and have a good XOR profile . The permutations before and between server to provide auto-keying and to diffuse the S-box outputs as quickly as possible . The authors have stated that , `` LOKI97 is a non-proprietary algorithm , available for royalty-free use worldwide as a possible replacement for the DES or other existing block ciphers . '' It was intended to be an evolution of the earlier LOKI89 and LOKI91 block ciphers . It was the first published candidate in the Advanced Encryption Standard competition , and was quickly analysed and attacked . An analysis of some problems with the LOKI97 design , which led to its rejection when shortlisting candidates , is given in the paper ( Rijmen & Knudsen 1999 ) . It was found to be susceptible to an effective theoretical differential cryptanalysis attack considerably faster than an exhaustive search .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2ea3307e23caafb3c6046591d9c9fab9", "text": "Pallas (Giant) In Greek mythology , Pallas was one of the Gigantes ( Giants ) , the offspring of Gaia , born from the blood of the castrated Uranus . According to the mythographer Apollodorus , during the Gigantomachy , the cosmic battle of the Giants with the Olympian gods , he was flayed by Athena who used his skin as a shield . Though the origin of Athena 's epithet `` Pallas '' is obscure , according to a fragment from an unidentified play of Epicharmus ( between c. 540 and c. 450 BC ) , Athena , after having used his skin for her cloak , took her name from the Giant Pallas . This story , related by Apollodorus and Epicharmus , is one of a number of stories in which Athena kills and flays an opponent , with its hide becoming her aegis . For example , Euripides tells that during `` the battle the giants fought against the gods in Phlegra '' that it was `` the Gorgon '' ( possibly considered here to be one of the Giants ) that Athena killed and flayed , while the epic poem Meropis , has Athena kill and flay the Giant Asterus , using his impenetrable skin for her aegis . Another of these flayed adversaries , also named Pallas , was said to be the father of Athena , who had tried to rape her . The late 4th century AD Latin poet Claudian in his Gigantomachia , has Pallas , as one of several Giants turned to stone by Minerva 's Gorgon shield , calling out `` What is happening to me ? What is this ice that creeps o 're all my limbs ? What is this numbness that holds me prisoner in these marble fetters ? '' Pallas was also the name of a Titan , with whom the Giant is sometimes confused or identified .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7258a7d7e2cd354a3115da795178b936", "text": "Ler (mythology) Ler ( meaning `` Sea '' in Old Irish ; Lir is the genitive form ) is a sea god in Irish mythology . His name suggests that he is a personification of the sea , rather than a distinct deity . He is named Allód in early genealogies , and corresponds to the Llŷr of Welsh mythology . Ler is chiefly an ancestor figure , and is the father of the god Manannán mac Lir , who appears frequently in medieval Irish literature . Ler appears as the titular king in the tale The Children of Lir .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0cd8d385665a1db86238e8f773109ca", "text": "Gods (Marvel Comics) Gods are fictional characters appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . Several characters in many stories have been referred to as gods . Generally , however , only those belonging to two specific types are considered to be the `` true '' gods . Other worlds besides Earth also have their own gods , with different origins .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "11a1ef7fe9e646d1f8f4f8163b72f010", "text": "Passengers (2016 film) Passengers is a 2016 American science fiction film directed by Morten Tyldum and written by Jon Spaihts . It stars Jennifer Lawrence , Chris Pratt , Michael Sheen , and Laurence Fishburne . The story depicts three people who are awakened some 90 years too soon from an induced hibernation on a spaceship bound for a new planet . The film was released in the United States on December 21 , 2016 , in 2D and RealD 3D by Columbia Pictures . It grossed $ 303 million worldwide . The film was nominated for Best Original Score and Best Production Design at the 89th Academy Awards .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "84583b1e9de53cee1a15e80c2ad04123", "text": "Dallas Buyers Club Dallas Buyers Club is a 2013 American biographical drama film , co-written by Craig Borten and Melisa Wallack , and directed by Jean-Marc Vallée . The film tells the story of Ron Woodroof , an AIDS patient diagnosed in the mid 1980s when HIV/AIDS treatments were under-researched , while the disease was not understood and highly stigmatized . As part of the experimental AIDS treatment movement , he smuggled unapproved pharmaceutical drugs into Texas for treating his symptoms , and distributed them to fellow people with AIDS by establishing the `` Dallas Buyers Club '' while facing opposition from the Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) . Two fictional supporting characters , Dr. Eve Saks ( Jennifer Garner ) , and Rayon ( Jared Leto ) , were composite roles created from the writer 's interviews with transgender AIDS patients , activists , and doctors . Screenwriter Borten interviewed Woodroof in 1992 and wrote the script , which he polished with writer Wallack in 2000 , and then sold to producer Robbie Brenner . Several other actors , directors , and producers who were attached at various times to the development of the film left the project . Universal Pictures also tried to make the film , but did not . A couple of screenwriters wrote drafts that were rejected . In 2009 , producer Brenner involved Matthew McConaughey , because of his Texas origins , the same as Woodroof 's . Brenner selected the first draft , written by Borten and Wallack , for the film , and then Vallée was set to direct the film . Principal photography began on November 11 , 2012 , in New Orleans , Louisiana , continuing for 25 days of filming , which also included shooting in Baton Rouge . Brenner and Rachel Winter co-produced the film . The official soundtrack album was featured by various artists , and was released digitally on October 29 , 2013 , by the Relativity Music Group . Dallas Buyers Club premiered at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival and was released theatrically in the United States on November 1 , 2013 , by Focus Features , strategically entering wide release on November 22 for award season . The film grossed over $ 27 million domestically and $ 27.9 million internationally , the box office revenue returned over $ 55 million against a budget of $ 5 million in 182-days of a theatrical run . It grossed over $ 4.5 million from DVD , and over $ 3 million from Blu-ray sales . The film received universal critical acclaim , resulting in numerous accolades . Most praised the performances of McConaughey and Leto , who received the Academy Award for Best Actor and for Best Supporting Actor , respectively , at the 86th Academy Awards , making this the first film since Mystic River ( 2003 ) , and only the fifth movie ever , to win both awards . The film also won the award for Best Makeup and Hairstyling , and garnered nominations for Best Picture , Best Original Screenplay , and Best Editing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37934e3f1568a4aee0bb1745a4790e5f", "text": "Palmetto (train) The Palmetto is a passenger train service operated by Amtrak over the 829 mi from New York City south to Savannah , Georgia , via the Northeast Corridor to Washington , D.C. , then via Richmond , Virginia , Fayetteville , North Carolina , and Charleston , South Carolina . The Palmetto is a shorter version of the Silver Meteor , which continues south to Miami , Florida . Between 1996 and 2002 this service was called the Silver Palm . Although currently a day train , in the past the Palmetto provided overnight sleeper service to Florida . During fiscal year 2011 , the Palmetto carried nearly 200,000 passengers , an increase of 3.8 % from FY2010 . The train had a total revenue of $ 16,438,480 during FY2011 , a 7 % increase over FY2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c2b53d1096a2ea61d18834f58e99000", "text": "Transport finance Transport finance is the subject that explores how transport networks are paid for . The timing of the money required to finance transport is a principal issue . Many projects are `` pay-as-you-go '' , that is infrastructure , which lasts many years , is expected to be paid out of ongoing cash flow . Other projects are financed with bonds raised in capital markets . Bonds must be secured with an expected future cash flow . The cash flow , required for either pay-as-you-go or for bonds , must be raised . Common sources are user fees , such as gas taxes , and tolls . Other sources are general revenue . This issue is related to who bears the burden : users or the general public . Even if users bear the burden , that class must be subdivided , e.g. users during peak times or off-peak , freight or passenger traffic , urban or rural users , residents or non-residents ( many toll plazas are located on the state line to maximize revenue from non-residents ) . A third issue concerns the full costs of transportation . There are monetary costs , which are financed with money , as considered above , but there are also non-monetary costs ( sometimes called hidden costs ) , which are paid for by people 's time , by clean air , by peace and quiet , etc. . See the discussion of externalities for a fuller explication of non-monetary costs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "de2e96fb392598106c2d771f6db24961", "text": "Eastern Air Lines Flight 304 Eastern Air Lines Flight 304 , a Douglas DC-8 flying from New Orleans International Airport to Washington Dulles International Airport , crashed on February 25 , 1964 . All 51 passengers and 7 crew were killed . Among the dead were American opera singer and actor Kenneth Lee Spencer and Marie-Hélène Lefaucheux , a women 's and human rights activist and member of the French delegation to the United Nations . Flight 304 , which had originated in Mexico City , left New Orleans International Airport for Atlanta at 2:01 a.m. , Central Standard Time , and disappeared from radar at 2:10 a.m. Visibility was good , although there was a light rain . The winds were calm . The Coast Guard and other searchers sighted the wreckage around dawn in Lake Pontchartrain , about 20 mi northeast of New Orleans . The subsequent investigation concluded that the jet crashed into Lake Pontchartrain en route due to `` degradation of aircraft stability characteristics in turbulence , because of abnormal longitudinal trim component positions . '' The water was only 20 ft deep , yet only 60 percent of the wreckage was recovered because the breakup was so extensive . The flight data recorder tape was too damaged to help the investigation . Instead , investigators used the maintenance records of the crashed aircraft and of other DC-8s , to conclude that the pilots had trimmed the horizontal stabilizer to the full nose-down position , to counter the excessive nose-up attitude that , in turn , was caused by a malfunctioning pitch trim compensator that had extended too far . Once the upset occurred , it was not possible to trim the horizontal stabilizer back to the nose-up position , because of the severe G-forces generated by the crew 's pulling back on the yoke after the upset .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "30f2ca15ef304279ce59b358d06edc56", "text": "Pilot (Friday Night Lights) `` Pilot '' is the first episode of the sports drama television series Friday Night Lights . The episode premiered on the NBC network on October 3 , 2006 . It introduces the men and women involved with the Dillon Panthers , a Texas high school football team . In the pilot episode , the team is preparing for the first game of the season , which will be the first game under new head coach Eric Taylor . The show is based on the 2004 film Friday Night Lights , which was in turn based on the 1990 non-fiction book Friday Night Lights : A Town , a Team , and a Dream by H. G. Bissinger . Peter Berg , who is Bissinger 's cousin and who directed the film , wrote and directed the pilot episode , and served as executive producer for the series . While some of the actors from the movie returned to act on the show , most of the actors were cast specifically for the television series . Critical reception of the show was good to average , with a general appreciation for the realistic portrayal of Middle America . Generally speaking , however , there were serious doubts about whether the show would be able to stay on the air very long , though it has since gone on to complete five seasons . The episode 's viewership of just over seven million was characterized as disappointing , though it did relatively well among men aged 18 to 34 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f29c0bdb97f7026f41c3096802c4fe07", "text": "Wicked Man's Rest Wicked Man 's Rest is the debut and sole studio album of the British band Passenger ( stylized as / Passenger . ) fronting Mike Rosenberg . The single `` Walk You Home '' taken from the album charted in Britain reaching number 134 in the UK Singles Chart . Since the release of the album / Passenger has split up with lead singer Mike Rosenberg continuing with a solo career also under the name Passenger .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1445773c08da50707979a85167e4edf4", "text": "Houston Film Critics Society Awards 2010 The 4th Houston Film Critics Society Awards were presented on December 18 , 2010 . These awards for `` extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Houston Film Critics Society ( HFCS ) based in Houston , Texas . The organization , founded in 2007 , includes 22 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications in the greater Houston area . The awards are co-sponsored by the Houston Film Commission , Southwest Alternate Media Project , Women in Film and Television/Houston , WorldFest , and the Houston Cinema Arts Society . The nominations for the 2010 awards were announced on December 12 , 2010 . Eligible films do not need to have played or opened in a Houston film theater prior to the nomination deadline , merely made available to the HFCS membership at a screening or on DVD . Along with the 13 `` best of '' category awards , this year also saw the introduction of a new category for `` Worst Movies of the Year '' . The Social Network , True Grit , and 127 Hours each received six nominations , all including the Best Picture , Actor , Direction , and Original Score categories . The Social Network was the HFCS 's most awarded film of 2010 taking top honors in the Best Picture , Best Director ( David Fincher ) , Best Actor ( Jesse Eisenberg ) , and Best Screenplay ( Aaron Sorkin ) categories . Inception was the only other film to garner multiple awards , winning both the Best Original Score ( Hans Zimmer ) and Best Cinematography ( Wally Pfister ) prizes . The other acting awards went to Natalie Portman as Best Actress for Black Swan , Hailee Steinfeld as Best Supporting Actress for True Grit , and Christian Bale as Best Supporting Actor for The Fighter . The remaining film honors went to Toy Story 3 as Best Animated Film , Restrepo as Best Documentary , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo as Best Foreign Language Film . `` We Are Sex Bob-Omb '' by Beck from Scott Pilgrim vs. the World was named the Best Original Song . The HFCS 's first-ever award for `` Worst Picture '' was given to Jonah Hex starring Josh Brolin . In addition to the category awards , the HFCS presented their annual Lifetime Achievement Award to Sissy Spacek and its Humanitarian Award to George Clooney . Clooney was selected for `` selflessly using his celebrity for greater good '' . The HFCS award for Outstanding Achievement in Cinema awards were presented to Charles Dove , director of the Rice University Media Center , and Hector Luna , the founder and editor of C-47 Houston .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fbcbd294919e697f041d2508e246dd4b", "text": "British Airtours Flight 28M British Airtours Flight 28M was an international passenger flight , originating from Manchester International Airport 's Runway 24 in Manchester , England , en route to Corfu International Airport on the Greek island of Corfu . On 22 August 1985 , the route was being operated by Boeing 737 -- 236 registered G-BGJL , when take-off from Manchester Airport was aborted due to engine failure . The aircraft , previously named `` Goldfinch '' , but at the time of the accident named `` River Orrin '' , had 131 passengers and six crew on the manifest . At 06:12 BST during the takeoff roll , a loud thump was heard . An engine failure had generated a fire and a plume of black smoke ensued . Takeoff was aborted and the captain ordered the evacuation of the aircraft , with 78 of the 131 passengers escaping . 53 passengers perished along with two members of the cabin crew . Most of the deaths were due to smoke inhalation . The accident was instrumental in bringing about changes to make aircraft evacuation more effective and has been described as `` a defining moment in the history of civil aviation '' by the BBC . Acting on the recommendations of the UK 's Air Accidents Investigation Branch ( AAIB ) , which investigated the accident , the aviation industry introduced changes to the seating layout near emergency exits , fire-resistant seat covers , floor lighting , fire-resistant wall and ceiling panels , more fire extinguishers and clearer evacuation rules .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b95208e443e2759021f858099b13ed21", "text": "List of accolades received by 127 Hours 127 Hours is a 2010 British independent biographical adventure film directed by Danny Boyle . It stars James Franco in the principal role as real-life mountain climber Aron Ralston , whose hand was trapped under a boulder in a Utah ravine for more than five days in April 2003 . Adapted from Ralston 's autobiography Between a Rock and a Hard Place , 127 Hourss screenplay was written by Boyle and Simon Beaufoy . Distributors Fox Searchlight and Pathé gave the feature limited releases in the United States and United Kingdom on 5 November 2010 and 7 January 2011 , respectively . It grossed # 35.8 million at the box office by the end of its worldwide theatrical run . Rotten Tomatoes , a review aggregator surveyed 215 reviews and judged 93 % to be positive . Additionally , 127 Hours appeared on more than two dozen movie reviewers ' Top Ten lists for the best movies of 2010 . The film has received honors for its direction , music , cinematography and writing , as well as for the lead performance by Franco . At the 68th Golden Globe Awards ceremony , 127 Hours earned three nominations : for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Drama , Best Original Score and Best Screenplay . The picture was nominated in nine Satellite Award categories , including direction , score , sound , original song and visual effects . It also received nine nominations from the Broadcast Film Critics Association . The 64th British Academy Film Awards nominated it for eight of their awards , including Best Director , Best Editing , Best Music and Best Sound . Additionally , 127 Hours was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Film , but lost to The King 's Speech . It performed similarly at the 83rd Academy Awards , where it was nominated in six categories : Best Actor , Best Adapted Screenplay , Best Film Editing , Best Original Score , Best Original Song ( for `` If I Rise '' ) and Best Picture , but lost respectively in all categories to The King 's Speech , The Social Network , and Toy Story 3 . Franco was named Best Actor by the New York Film Critics Online and 2010 Independent Spirit Awards . He also received recognition from the Screen Actors Guild , at their 17th annual ceremony . Franco 's arm amputation scene towards the end of 127 Hours was nominated at the viewer-voted 2011 MTV Movie Awards . Boyle 's and Beaufoy 's efforts on the movie 's script earned them nominations from the Writers Guild of America and Evening Standard British Film Awards . Along with producer Christian Colson , Boyle garnered another nomination , this time from the Producers Guild of America . The Detroit Film Critics Society honored Boyle as Best Director . Suttirat Larlarb 's input on the movie 's production design earned her one nomination from the Art Directors Guild . The film 's cinematography garnered nominations at the 2010 Houston Film Critics Awards and the 2010 San Diego Film Critics Society Awards . The American Film Institute listed 127 Hours as one of the ten best movies of 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a96fed149591ca6f0cff27eb1f1498bd", "text": "List of accolades received by Dallas Buyers Club Dallas Buyers Club is a 2013 American biographical drama film directed by Jean-Marc Vallée based on a screenplay written by Craig Borten and Melisa Wallack . Matthew McConaughey stars as Ron Woodroof , an AIDS patient who smuggles unapproved AIDS drug treatments into Texas and establishes the titular club where he distributes them amongst other AIDS sufferers whilst opposed by the Food and Drug Administration . Jared Leto and Jennifer Garner feature in supporting roles . Dallas Buyers Club premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 7 , 2013 . Focus Features initially gave the film a limited release at nine theaters on November 1 before expanding it on November 22 to over 600 theaters in the United States and Canada . The film grossed a worldwide total of over $ 55 million on a production budget of $ 5 million . Rotten Tomatoes , a review aggregator , surveyed 234 reviews and judged 94 % to be positive . Dallas Buyers Club garnered awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for the performances of actors , McConaughey and Leto . At the 86th Academy Awards , the film received six nominations , including Best Picture , Best Original Screenplay , Best Actor for McConaughey , and Best Supporting Actor for Leto . McConaughey and Leto went on to win their respective categories -- only the fifth film in Oscars history to win both awards . Hairstylist Adruitha Lee , and makeup artist Robin Mathews won for Best Makeup and Hairstyling . Mathews ' makeup budget for the film was only $ 250 . At the 71st Golden Globe Awards , McConaughey won for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Drama , and Leto won for Best Supporting Actor -- Motion Picture . At the Screen Actors Guild Awards the film had three nominations ; winning Best Actor for McConaughey and Best Supporting Actor for Leto . Borten and Wallack 's screenplay was also nominated for Best Original Screenplay at the Writers Guild of America Awards . The National Board of Review named Dallas Buyers Club one of the top ten independent films of 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "019cbaecb5de52bd6eb59a1ae3eeb04b", "text": "El Al El Al Israel Airlines Ltd. ( TASE : ELAL ) , trading as El Al ( אל על , `` To the Skies '' or `` Skywards '' , إل-عال ) , is the flag carrier of Israel . Since its inaugural flight from Geneva to Tel Aviv in September 1948 , the airline has grown to serve over 50 destinations , operating scheduled domestic and international services and cargo flights within Israel and to Europe , Middle East , Americas , Africa and the Far East from its main base in Ben Gurion Airport . El Al in principle offers only kosher in-flight meals and does not fly passengers on the Jewish Sabbath or religious holidays . El Al is the only commercial airline to equip its planes with missile defense systems , and is considered one of the world 's most secure airlines , thanks to its stringent security procedures , both on the ground and on board its aircraft . Although it has been the target of many attempted hijackings and terror attacks , only one El Al flight has ever been hijacked . As Israel 's national airline , El Al has played an important role in humanitarian rescue efforts , airlifting Jews from other countries to Israel , setting the world record for the most passengers on a commercial aircraft ( single plane record of 1,122 passengers ) by Operation Solomon when 14,500 Jewish refugees were transported from Ethiopia in 1991 . In 2012 , El Al operated an all-Boeing fleet of 38 aircraft , flying over 4 million passengers , and employed a staff of 6,056 globally . The company 's revenues for 2011 grew to $ 2.4 billion , totalling losses of $ 49.4 million compared to a profit of $ 57 million in 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "58dae6961819b0d0420fc0482a1e9584", "text": "Departure control system A Departure Control System ( DCS ) automates processing an airlines ' airport management operation . This includes managing the information required for airport check-in and printing boarding card , baggage acceptance , boarding , load control and aircraft checks . Today DCS mostly ( 98 % ) manage electronic tickets via interfaces from range of devices including check-in kiosks , online check-in , mobile boarding cards , and baggage handling . DCS are able to identify , capture and update reservations from an airlines Computer Reservation System for passengers stored in a so-called Passenger Name Record ( PNR ) . A DCS is used to update reservations , typically as checked-in , boarded , flown or another status . Additionally and increasingly a DCS for some city-pair sectors may also be connected with immigration control for visa , immigration and passenger no-fly watchlists . Historically systems developed in North America have incorporated DCS functions as part of the reservations systems with check-in being initiated directly from the PNR . Load control ( weight and balance ) is then provided by a standalone application . Systems developed by airlines outside North America have traditionally had a separate database for DCS , requiring passenger data to be transferred from the PNR into DCS records . These systems have an integrated weight and balance capability . So-called `` new generation '' DCSs are being developed and deployed by vendors such as Amadeus and SITA as part of the overall re-engineering of airline Passenger Services Systems . These new systems typically use a common database and a services oriented architecture that allows reservations , check-in and other services to maintain a consistent view of passenger information . Larger international airports will have a range of DCS or a single DCS which each particular airline carrier can integrate with for streamlined operations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9429918668f20a31adaf2512027da038", "text": "Midwest High Speed Rail Association The Midwest High Speed Rail Association was founded in 1993 and is based in Chicago , Illinois . The association is a 501 ( c ) 3 non-profit , member-supported organization that primarily advocates for world-class 220-mph high-speed trains linking major Midwestern cities , and supports fast , frequent and dependable trains on other routes that connect with 220-mph corridors to form a true modern regional and national rail network . The Midwest High Speed Rail Association 's executive director , Richard Harnish , believes it is time for America to `` catch up '' with European and Asian countries in terms of using high-speed rail systems . The Association is an active member of fourbillion.com , a coalition of advocacy organizations working to secure a $ 4 billion appropriation in 2010 for high-speed rail in the U.S. . The effort began after the US House of Representatives passed a bill that included $ 4 billion for high-speed rail . The Senate cut the allocation down to $ 1.2 billion in their version . The two bills will now move to a conference committee . In June 2009 , The Midwest High Speed Rail Association released the first-ever transportation engineering study of a 220-mph rail corridor in the Midwest . The 220-mph high-speed link would cut the trip from Chicago to St. Louis to 1 hour and 52 minutes , and also serve O'Hare International Airport as well as key Illinois business , university and government centers in Kankakee , Champaign , Decatur , Springfield and Edwardsville . The line would cost between 12 and 13 billion dollars . The MHSRA views the Chicago-St . Louis link as the first of a regional 220-mph high-speed rail network that would link Chicago , St. Louis , the Twin Cities , Milwaukee , Detroit , Indianapolis , Cincinnati , Cleveland , Columbus and Pittsburgh , putting more than 35 million people within a three-hour train ride of Chicago . In a proposal to the U.S. Department of Transportation , SNCF , operator of the TGV high-speed rail network in France , estimated that a Midwestern 220-mph high-speed rail network would create 677,000 permanent jobs and 316,000 construction jobs . Automobile trips would be reduced by 4.3 billion vehicle miles each year , saving 3 million barrels of oil each year , and additionally reduce CO2 and other pollutant emissions by 1.4 million tons in 2030 . The total estimated cost for the network is $ 68.5 billion . Advocates for high-speed rail put that cost in perspective by pointing out that the Interstate Highway System cost 450 billion in 2008 dollars . The Midwest High Speed Rail Association has been a vocal critic of libertarian and conservative activists who view MHSRA as distorting the record and facts on high-speed rail . In July 2009 , it released a document responding to statements by the Cato Institute and the Reason Foundation about high-speed rail .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7867d2f3e8af766629264e8b4ab03e40", "text": "Space Tourists Space Tourists is a feature-length documentary of the Swiss director Christian Frei . The film had its premiere at the Zurich Film Festival in 2009 and has won the `` World Cinema Directing Award '' at the Sundance Film Festival in 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e9101bde09b3b59e93eae8bf241f4b7b", "text": "Gamer (film) Gamer is a 2009 American science fiction action thriller film written and directed by Mark Neveldine and Brian Taylor . The film stars Gerard Butler as a participant in an online game in which participants can control human beings as players , and Logan Lerman as the player who controls him . Alongside Butler and Lerman , it also stars Michael C. Hall , Ludacris , Amber Valletta , Terry Crews , Alison Lohman , John Leguizamo , and Zoe Bell . Gamer was released in North America on September 4 , 2009 , receiving generally negative reviews from critics , who found the plot , direction , and script disappointing , though its performances , effects , and action sequences were praised . It received a mixed reception from audiences , and was a box office bomb , grossing $ 42 million worldwide against a production budget of $ 50 million .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "97741419009cc2af9dc81e4006858601", "text": "Transit pass A transit pass ( North American English ) or travel card ( British English ) , often referred to as a bus pass or train pass etc. ( in all kinds of English ) , is a ticket that allows a passenger of the service to take either a certain number of pre-purchased trips or unlimited trips within a fixed period of time . Depending on the transport network and on how much the pass is used , the pass may offer varying discounts compared with trips that are purchased individually . While transit passes can generally be purchased at full price by anyone wishing to use the services ( senior citizens , the disabled , students and some others are often able to get them at a reduced price ) many employers , colleges , and universities will subsidize the cost of them , or sometimes the full amount . Some public transport networks will allow certain types of personnel , including police officers , fire fighters , active military , and their own employees to ride their services free with proper identification and without the need to purchase a pass .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "73a1670647f2195c45dd625c38d63afa", "text": "Universal Air Travel Plan Universal Air Travel Plan , Inc. ( UATP ) is the airline owned payment network accepted by thousands of merchants for air , rail , hotel and travel agency payments . UATP is owned by 30 airline shareholders , issued by 18 major airlines and accepted by over 250 merchants around the world . Established in 1936 as Air Travel Card , UATP was the first charge card issued . UATP also connects airlines to alternative forms of payment brands such as Acculynk , bitcoin , Cash-Ticket , PayPal , Ceridian Stored Value Solutions and Ukash . UATP continues to expand its merchant network to include hotels and car rental vendors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46e1b3f7a0e17a3f3b24392054366210", "text": "Middle of the market The middle of the market , often abbreviated MoM , is a terminology used by Boeing Commercial Airplanes since at least 2003 to designate the airliner market between the narrowbody and the widebody aircraft . It is a market segment of the competition between Airbus and Boeing . In the Boeing lineup , it is situated between the largest Boeing 737 MAX-9 of 194,700 lb of maximum takeoff weight ( MTOW ) for 178 passengers in two class over a 3515 nmi range , and the smallest Boeing 787-8 of 502,500 lb for 242 passengers over a 7355 nmi range . It was previously covered by Boeing with the largest modern narrowbody , the Boeing 757 , typically the -200 for 200 passengers over 3,915 nmi with a 255,000 lb MTOW , and the smallest widebody , the seven-abreast Boeing 767 , typically the -300 ER for 269 passengers over 5,725 nmi with a 412,000 lb MTOW . In the Airbus lineup , it is between the A321neoLR of 97 t of MTOW for 206 passengers in two class over a 4000 nmi range , and the A330neo-800 of 242 t for 257 passengers in three class over a 7500 nmi range .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2d006206899fec0937375603f69d54d1", "text": "Ticket \"t+\" The Ticket `` t + '' is the standard single trip ticket for Paris public transit . It can be bought either as a single unit at the price of $ 1.90 ( $ 2 on board a bus ) , or as a pack of ten , a carnet , at the price of $ 14.50 , a discount of 24 % . The companies which operate Ticket `` t + '' are the RATP , SNCF and the Optile consortium . The Ticket `` t + '' is not the only ticket used in Paris public transit : daily cards ( Mobilis -- or Ticket jeunes for young people on weekends ) , weekly and monthly cards ( formerly magnetic carte orange , now ( 2013 ) chip-computerized contactless Navigo semaine/mois ) , and yearly cards ( Navigo annuel and imagine R for students ) are also available . For tourists needing a pass for a specific length of time , the Paris Visite card is also available .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e7b2e8aeae42595e551e8b12abb24711", "text": "Air Canada Flight 189 Air Canada Flight 189 was an Air Canada flight from Ottawa to Vancouver via Toronto and Winnipeg . On June 26 , 1978 , it crashed on takeoff in Toronto killing two passengers . During takeoff at 8:15 a.m. one of the McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32 's tires burst and partially disintegrated , firing chunks of rubber into the landing gear mechanism . This set off an `` unsafe gear '' warning , prompting the pilot to abort the takeoff . The aircraft , however , was already two thirds along the length of runway 23L and travelling at 154 kn . It could not stop before the end of the runway , and plunged off the edge of an embankment still travelling at 60 kn , eventually coming to a rest in the Etobicoke Creek ravine . The plane broke in three pieces , but despite its full load of fuel did not catch fire . The accident was visible from Highway 401 , which runs alongside the south side of the airport . The plane was destroyed and two passengers were killed : 73-year-old J. Frank Scrase of Victoria died when a rib punctured his heart , and 45-year-old Irwin Theodore Childs of North York died of suffocation when he was wedged beneath the seat in front of him . Both were seated at the site of the forward split in the fuselage . All of the other 105 passengers and crew aboard were injured . The subsequent investigation found multiple causes of the accident . It recommended greater scrutiny be given to the tires . The pilot , Reginald W. Stewart , delayed four seconds after the warning light came on before he chose to abort the takeoff ; a more immediate decision would have prevented the accident . The investigators also criticized the level of training in emergency braking . The presence of the ravine at the end of the runway was also questioned , but nothing was done . This failure to expand the airport 's overshoot zone was raised when Air France Flight 358 plunged into the same ravine 27 years later . Although it is customary for airlines to retire a flight number after a major incident , Air Canada continues to use Flight 189 for its Ottawa-Vancouver route and it uses a Airbus A320 aircraft instead of a DC-9 . However , the flight no longer has stopovers in Toronto and Winnipeg .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "9b18db54a68585849ac1615a61f44458", "text": "True Detective True Detective is an American anthology crime drama television series created and written by Nic Pizzolatto . The series , broadcast by the premium cable network HBO in the United States , premiered on January 12 , 2014 . Each season of the series is structured as a disparate , self-contained narrative , employing new cast ensembles and following various sets of characters and settings . The first season , starring Matthew McConaughey , Woody Harrelson , Michelle Monaghan , Michael Potts , and Tory Kittles , takes place in Louisiana and follows a pair of Louisiana State Police homicide detectives , and their pursuit of a serial killer over a 17-year period . The second season , starring Colin Farrell , Rachel McAdams , Taylor Kitsch , Kelly Reilly , and Vince Vaughn , is set in California , and focuses on three detectives from three cooperating police departments and a criminal-turned-businessman as they investigate a series of crimes they believe are linked to the murder of a corrupt politician . The first season received generally excellent reviews from critics and earned high ratings for HBO . It was nominated for and won numerous awards and other accolades , chiefly for its acting , cinematography , writing , and direction . Reception to the second season was more divided , though the show maintained high viewership for HBO . In July 2016 , HBO head of programming Casey Bloys confirmed plans for a potential third season , stating , `` It is not dead . I talked to Nic about it and both Nic and HBO are open to another season . I do n't think Nic has a take and he 's working on some other projects . We 're open to somebody else writing it and Nic supervising it . It 's a valuable franchise , it 's not dead , we just do n't have a take for a third season yet . '' This came shortly after McConaughey said he would hypothetically be interested in reprising his role as Rust Cohle in a third season . In March 2017 , it was revealed that Pizzolatto has written the first two episodes of a potential third season and that David Milch joined the creative team .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f80dde670fb64e65a6dfda24fa68f778", "text": "California California ( -LSB- kælᵻˈfɔːrnjə , _ - ni.ə -RSB- , ) is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area . Located on the western ( Pacific Ocean ) coast of the U.S. , California is bordered by the other U.S. states of Oregon , Nevada , and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California . The state capital is Sacramento . Los Angeles is California 's most populous city , and the country 's second largest after New York City . The Greater Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nation 's second - and fifth-most populous urban regions , respectively . California also has the nation 's most populous county , Los Angeles County , and its largest county by area , San Bernardino County . California 's diverse geography ranges from the Pacific Coast in the west to the Sierra Nevada mountain range in the east ; and from the redwood -- Douglas fir forests in the northwest to the Mojave Desert in the southeast . The Central Valley , a major agricultural area , dominates the state 's center . Though California is well-known for its warm Mediterranean climate , the large size of the state means it can vary from moist temperate rainforest in the north , to arid desert in the interior , as well as snowy alpine in the mountains . What is now California was first settled by various Native American tribes before being explored by a number of European expeditions during the 16th and 17th centuries . The Spanish Empire then claimed it as part of Alta California in their New Spain colony . The area became a part of Mexico in 1821 following its successful war for independence , but was ceded to the United States in 1848 after the Mexican -- American War . The western portion of Alta California then was organized as the State of California , and admitted as the 31st state on September 9 , 1850 . The California Gold Rush starting in 1848 led to dramatic social and demographic changes , with large-scale emigration from the east and abroad with an accompanying economic boom . If it were a country , California would be the 6th largest economy in the world and the 35th most populous . It is also regarded as a global trendsetter in both popular culture and politics , and is the origin of the film industry , the hippie counterculture , the Internet , and the personal computer , among others . Fifty-eight percent of the state 's economy is centered on finance , government , real estate services , technology , and professional , scientific and technical business services . The San Francisco Bay Area has the nation 's highest median household income by metropolitan area , and is the headquarters of three of the world 's largest 40 firms by revenue , Chevron , Apple , and McKesson . Although it accounts for only 1.5 percent of the state 's economy , California 's agriculture industry has the highest output of any U.S. state .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "a2f8355a4ee99b5ee3e6e25bc97f28d7", "text": "Central Alabama Central Alabama is the region in the state of Alabama that stretches 170 miles ( 270 km ) from its western border with Mississippi to the eastern border with Georgia and 136 miles ( 219 km ) from the northern border of Cullman County to the Alabama River in southern Autauga County . The region 's population was 1,870,970 as of 2008 . The Birmingham television market reaches approximately the same area . The Valley and Ridge Province of the Appalachians consist mainly of long , low ridges such as Red Mountain , Sand Mountain , Beaver Creek Mountain , Shades Mountain , and Coldwater Mountain in this region , and make impressive backdrops in the Greater Birmingham , Gadsden , and Anniston metropolitan areas . The easternmost part of Central Alabama around Anniston has the steepest mountains and highest elevations of the region . Coldwater Mountain and Mount Cheaha make up the highest of the mountain ridges that are located in the eastern portion of the region . The Coosa River divides the easternmost portion of the region from the central portion with the Birmingham area . The westernmost portion of Central Alabama is relatively a flat region with fertile black soil called the Black Belt . The Black Warrior River and its tributaries contribute to the fertile land of the area , and also serve as a demarcation line between the western and the central portions of the region . The central portion of Central Alabama varies from rugged in the east to flat in the west . Numerous valleys are scattered throughout this region between the mountain ridges including the densely populated Jones Valley and Shades Valley . Because the central portion is more rugged compared to the westernmost portion of Central Alabama , it is also the most flood-prone . Urban sprawl has exacerbated the risk of flooding by increasing the proportion of land covered by hard surfaces , leading to greater runoff during storms . The Black Warrior , Cahaba , and Coosa Rivers and their tributaries are among the many waterways that wind their way through the region . Other major waterways that run through the area include Choccolocco Creek , Shades Creek , and the Little Cahaba River . Large deposits of iron ore , limestone , and coal are chief among the plentiful mineral resources found in the region . The coincidence of these three in close proximity was a major incentive for the rapid development of industry in the Birmingham District after the American Civil War .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6de77a9d29c059b40926f581d8dd7670", "text": "Mobile County, Alabama Mobile County is the second most-populous county in the U.S. state of Alabama . As of the 2010 census , its population was 412,992 . Its county seat is Mobile . The county is named in honor of the indigenous Maubila tribe . Mobile County comprises the Mobile , Alabama Metropolitan Statistical Area .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "900ae894ee3e832df2399de4049c63c6", "text": "Crime in Washington, D.C. Crime in Washington , D.C. , is directly related to the city 's changing demographics , geography , and unique criminal justice system . The District 's population reached a peak of 982,178 in 1950 . However , shortly thereafter , the city began losing residents and by 1980 Washington had lost one-quarter of its population . The population loss to the suburbs also created a new demographic pattern , which divided affluent neighborhoods west of Rock Creek Park from more crime-ridden and blighted areas to the east . Despite being the headquarters of multiple federal law enforcement agencies , such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation ( FBI ) and United States Drug Enforcement Administration ( DEA ) , the nationwide crack epidemic of the 1980s and 1990s greatly affected the city and led to large increases in crime . The number of homicides in Washington peaked in 1991 at 897 ( a rate of nearly 60.8 homicides per 100,000 residents ) , and the city eventually became known as the `` murder capital '' of the United States . The crime rate started to fall in the mid-1990s as the crack cocaine epidemic gave way to economic revitalization projects . Gentrification efforts have also started to transform the demographics of distressed neighborhoods , recently leading to the first rise in the District 's population in 60 years . By the mid-2000s , crime rates in Washington dropped to their lowest levels in over 20 years . As in many major cities , crime remains a significant factor in D.C. , especially in the city 's northwestern neighborhoods , which tend to be more affluent , draw more tourists , and have more vibrant nightlife . Violent crime also remains a problem in Ward 8 , which has the city 's highest concentration of poverty .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a40fe3c66b028050026295869980039b", "text": "Arizona census statistical areas The statistical areas of the United States of America comprise the metropolitan statistical areas ( MSAs ) , the micropolitan statistical areas ( μSAs ) , and the combined statistical areas ( CSAs ) currently defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget ( OMB ) . Most recently on December 1 , 2009 , the Office of Management and Budget defined 1067 statistical areas for the United States , including six metropolitan statistical areas and four micropolitan statistical areas in the State of Arizona . The table below shows the recent population of these statistical areas and the 15 counties of Arizona . thumb | right | 468px | An enlargeable map of the 15 counties of the State of Arizona __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e917f73e08a76fb574c1b45b15d06b1c", "text": "List of cities in Nevada Nevada is a state located in the Western United States . According to the 2010 United States Census , Nevada is the 36th most populous state with inhabitants but the 7th largest by land area spanning 109781.18 sqmi of land . Nevada is divided into 17 counties and contains 19 incorporated municipalities . Nevada 's incorporated municipalities cover only of the state 's land mass but are home to of its population . Incorporated places in the state are legally described as cities , except for Carson City , which has no legal description . To incorporate , a petition for incorporation can be made to the board of county commissioners , who consider numerous geographic , demographic , and economic factors . Cities are categorized by population for the purpose of determining the number of wards and council election structure as well as the number of city clerks : cities with 50,000 or more inhabitants are population category one , cities with 5,000 or more but less than 50,000 inhabitants are population category two , and cities having less than 5,000 inhabitants are population category three . The largest municipality by population in Nevada is Las Vegas with 583,756 residents , and the smallest municipality by population is Caliente with 1,130 residents . The largest municipality by land area is Boulder City which spans 208.52 mi2 , while Lovelock is the smallest at 0.85 mi2 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b69e05f3f5bcf7223f8770b9469f1c53", "text": "Pomona, California Pomona is a city in Los Angeles County , California , United States . Pomona is located in the Pomona Valley , between the Inland Empire and the San Gabriel Valley . As of the 2010 United States Census , the city 's population was 149,058 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "91cd96b470cd0b7bfdb5f4e32d6df391", "text": "Geography of Oklahoma The Geography of Oklahoma encompasses terrain and ecosystems ranging from arid plains to subtropical forests and mountains . Oklahoma contains 10 distinct ecological regions , more per square mile than in any other state by a wide margin . One of six states on the Frontier Strip , it is situated in the Great Plains and U.S. Interior Highlands region near the geographical center of the 48 contiguous states . Usually considered part of the South Central United States , Oklahoma is bounded on the east by Arkansas and Missouri , on the north by Kansas , on the northwest by Colorado , on the far west by New Mexico , and on the south and near-west by Texas . The state has four primary mountain ranges : the Arbuckle Mountains , the Wichita Mountains , the Ozark Mountains and the Ouachita Mountains . Part of the U.S. Interior Highlands region , the Ozarks and Ouachitas form the only major highland region between the Rocky Mountains and the Appalachians . A portion of the Flint Hills stretches into north-central Oklahoma , and in the state 's southeastern corner , Cavanal Hill is officially regarded as the world 's tallest hill ; at 1,999 feet ( 609 m ) , it fails the definition of a mountain by one foot . More than 500 named creeks and rivers make up Oklahoma 's waterways , and with 200 lakes created by dams , it holds the highest number of reservoirs in the nation . Oklahoma covers an area of 69,898 sqmi , with 68,667 sqmi of land and 1,231 sqmi of water , making it the 20th-largest state in the United States . Generally , it is divided into seven geographical regions : Green Country , or Northeast Oklahoma , Southeastern Oklahoma , Central Oklahoma , South Central Oklahoma , Southwest Oklahoma , Northwest Oklahoma , and the Oklahoma Panhandle .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8cb5ff32bd7c4c14c0ed46b474f9b1c5", "text": "Butte County, California Butte County is a county in the U.S. state of California . As of the 2010 census , the population was 220,000 . The county seat is Oroville . Butte County comprises the Chico , CA Metropolitan Statistical Area . It is in the California Central Valley , north of the state capital of Sacramento . Butte County is known as the `` Land of Natural Wealth and Beauty . '' Butte County is watered by the Feather River and the Sacramento River . Butte Creek and Big Chico Creek are additional perennial streams , both tributary to the Sacramento . The county is the home of California State University , Chico and of Butte College . There are four major hospitals and the State of California defines Butte County as being inside Health Service Area 1 . A special district , the Butte County Air Quality Management District , regulates airborne pollutant emissions in the county . It does this following regional regulations , state , and federal laws . For example , in recent years , the agency changed rules that once allowed residents to burn household trash outdoors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "26357a9bf7d600e4a8dee0f14eedb2a1", "text": "Real Time Crime Center The Real Time Crime Center ( RTCC ) is a centralized technology center for the New York ( NYPD ) , Miami-Dade Police Department , Seattle Police Department , Metropolitan Police Department , City of St. Louis and Houston Police Departments . Its purpose is to give field officers and detectives instant information to help identify patterns and stop emerging crime . The NYPD RTCC opened on July 18 , 2005 and provides support 24/7 . The center was built at a cost of $ 11 million . The information in the center is available to the 37,000 police officers of the New York City Police Department . The RTCC was funded in part by grants from the non-profit New York City Police Foundation . RTCC data sources include a data warehouse in which billions of records are made available to detectives and other officers within minutes , instead of days or weeks . These include : More than 5 million New York State criminal records , parole and probation files , More than 20 million New York City criminal complaints , arrests , 911/311 calls and summonses spanning five years , More than 31 million national crime records , More than 33 billion public records . The Crime Center employs satellite imaging and mapping of New York City ( using Geographic Information System software ) precinct-by-precinct . The link analysis capacity of the RTCC can track suspects to their known addresses and point detectives to the locations where they are most likely to flee . The Real Time Crime Center was built with the oversight of integrated solution provider Dimension Data .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "20396f133f30893dc3be171902825115", "text": "Demographics of Alaska As of 2005 , Alaska has an estimated population of 663,661 , which is an increase of 5,906 , or 0.9 % , from the prior year and an increase of 36,730 , or 5.9 % , since the year 2000 . This includes a natural increase since the last census of 36,590 people ( 53,132 births minus 16,542 deaths ) , and an increase due to net migration of 1,181 people into the state . Immigration from outside the United States resulted in a net increase of 5,800 people , and migration within the country produced a net loss of 4,619 people . More than half of the state 's population lives in Anchorage , Juneau and Fairbanks , with two-fifths in Anchorage alone . As of 1 January 2012 Alaska had a population of 731,449 , and its 2017 population is estimated at 739,818 . With a population of 710,231 , according to the 2010 U.S. census , Alaska is the 48th most populous and least densely populated state . For purposes of the federal census , the state is divided into artificial divisions defined geographically by the United States Census Bureau for statistical purposes only . The center of population of Alaska is located approximately 64.37 km east of Anchorage at 61.399882 N. latitude , -148.873973 W. longitude . In 2006 , Alaska had a larger percentage of tobacco smokers than the national average , with 24 % of Alaskan adults smoking .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03a4a032f3f165faada86a398d7a819f", "text": "Demographics of Texas Texas is the second most populous U.S. state , with an estimated 2017 population of 28.449 million . In recent decades , it has experienced strong population growth . Texas has many major cities and metropolitan areas , along with many towns and rural areas . Much of the population is in the major cities of Houston , San Antonio , Dallas , Fort Worth , Austin , and El Paso .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a298383fbbafbb83ca643f87caadf8ab", "text": "Arizona Sun Corridor The Arizona Sun Corridor , shortened Sun Corridor , is a megaregion , or megapolitan area , in the southern area of the U.S. state of Arizona . The Sun Corridor is equivalent to Indiana in both size and population . It is one of the fastest growing conurbations in the country and is speculated to double its population by 2040 . The largest metropolitan areas are the Phoenix metropolitan area - Valley of the Sun - and the Tucson metropolitan area . The regions ' populace is nestled in the valley of a desert environment . Similar to Southern California , the urban area extends into Mexico , reaching the communities of Nogales and Agua Prieta . Its population is composed of a total of five metropolitan areas : Phoenix , Tucson , Prescott , Sierra Vista-Douglas and Nogales . Out of these , two are metropolitan areas with over 1,000,000 residents : the Phoenix metropolitan area with 4,192,887 residents and the Tucson metropolitan area with 1,020,200 residents . The Arizona Sun Corridor is made up of all of Maricopa , Pinal and Pima counties , along with parts of Yavapai , Santa Cruz and Cochise counties . It is home to over 86 percent of Arizona 's population . The Megaregion has an area a population that is about the same as the state of Indiana ( About 5.6 million people ) , and it is expected to grow to nearly 7.8 million by 2025 . By 2050 , it is projected to grow to more than twice its original size ( 12.3 million , about 118 % growth and 6.66 million additional people ) . It comprises about 2 % of the population of the entire United States , and it makes up about the same proportion of the total GDP , with an output of $ 191,036,000,000 in 2005 . Most of the Arizona Sun Corridor is in the Sonoran Desert ; to the south of the region is the border between the United States and Mexico , and to the east is the Arizona transition zone and the Mountains of Arizona . The Southern California Megaregion is to west and is the nearest other Megaregion to the Arizona Sun Corridor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6a5ce8821edef182fcd490e00816c5a", "text": "Alameda County, California Alameda County ( -LSB- ˌælə ` mi :d ə -RSB- ) is a county in the state of California in the United States . As of the 2010 census , the population was 1,510,271 , making it the 7th-most populous county in the state . Its county seat is Oakland . Alameda County is included in the San Francisco Bay Area , occupying much of the East Bay region .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1a91795a409b2d2f8ffa2c6dc33ab4bc", "text": "Demographics of San Diego County Half of the population of San Diego County lives in San Diego and Chula Vista . Despite having a per capita income that ranks between the Los Angeles metropolitan area and the San Francisco Bay Area , San Diego County has relatively few places with a both a high population and levels of income significantly higher than its state and the United States . The San Diego metropolitan area only has two places with a both a population of over 50,000 per capita income of over $ 40,000 : Carlsbad and Encinitas . In contrast , the Los Angeles metropolitan area has 10 and the San Francisco Bay Area has 12 . ( See California locations by income . ) Even when controlling for population , the San Diego metropolitan area has unusually few large areas with high per capita incomes compared to the state 's other two major metropolitan areas . This is because much of the county 's high-income residents are concentrated in the northern part of the city of San Diego , which is reported as one unit for most demographic purposes . The county 's largest continuous high-income urban area has the appearance of a triangle constructed from a first point on the northern edge of Carlsbad , a second point southeast of Escondido , and a third point on the southern edge of La Jolla . The region is pictured to the right . It contains all or most of the cities of Carlsbad , Encinitas , Solana Beach , Del Mar , and Poway in addition to a substantial portion of northern San Diego .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f97f484b6093650edf0f2f8b03a14bc7", "text": "Statistical area (United States) The United States federal government defines and delineates the nation 's metropolitan areas for statistical purposes , using a set of standard statistical area definitions . As of 2013 , the U.S. Office of Management and Budget ( OMB ) defined and delineated 388 metropolitan statistical areas ( MSAs ) and 541 micropolitan statistical areas ( μSAs ) in the United States and Puerto Rico . Many of these 929 MSAs and μSAs are , in turn , components of larger combined statistical areas ( CSAs ) consisting of adjacent MSAs and μSAs that are linked by commuting ties ; as of 2013 , 524 metropolitan and micropolitan areas are components of the 169 defined CSAs . Metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas are defined as consisting of one or more adjacent counties or county equivalents with at least one urban core area meeting relevant population thresholds , plus adjacent territory that has a high degree of social and economic integration with the core , as measured by commuting ties . A metropolitan statistical area has at least one urban core with a population of at least 50,000 . In a micropolitan statistical area , the largest urban core has a population of at least 10,000 but less than 50,000 . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "10ebf0cf556a7bad1e7e043d8a09d0fa", "text": "Hays County, Texas Hays County is a county located on the Edwards Plateau in the U.S. state of Texas . As of the 2010 census , its official population had reached 157,107 . The county seat is San Marcos . The county is named for John Coffee Hays , a Texas Ranger and Mexican -- American War officer . Hays County is part of the Austin-Round Rock , TX Metropolitan Statistical Area . Hays , along with Comal and Kendall counties , was listed in 2017 of the nation 's ten fastest-growing large counties with a population of at least ten thousand . From 2015 to 2016 , Hays County , third on the national list , had nearly ten thousand new residents during the year . Comal County , sixth on the list , grew by 5,675 newcomers , or 4.4 percent . Kendall County , the second-fastest-growing county in the nation , grew by 5.16 percent . As a result of this growth , the counties have experienced new home construction , traffic congestion , and greater demand for public services . Bexar County . which includes San Antonio , grew by 1.75 percent during the year , but its sheer number of new residents exceeded 33,000 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "13eabe786119f71e541842507de7c432", "text": "Consolidated city-county In United States local government , a consolidated city-county is a city and county that have been merged into one unified jurisdiction . As such it is simultaneously a city , which is a municipal corporation , and a county , which is an administrative division of a state . It has the powers and responsibilities of both types of entities . A consolidated city-county is different from an independent city , although the latter may result from consolidation of a city and a county and may also have the same powers as a consolidated city-county . An independent city is a city not deemed by its state to be located within the boundary of any county and recognized by its state as a legal territorial entity separate from surrounding or adjoining counties . A consolidated city-county differs from an independent city in that the city and county both nominally exist , although they have a consolidated government , whereas in an independent city , the county does not even nominally exist . Not considering Hawaii , which has no independent cities , the Midwest and Upper South have the highest concentration of large consolidated city-county governments in the United States , including Indianapolis , Indiana ; Nashville , Tennessee ; Jacksonville , Florida ; Louisville , Kentucky ; Kansas City , Kansas ; and Lexington , Kentucky . Currently , the largest consolidated city-county in the United States by population is Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , while the largest by land-area is Sitka , Alaska .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45e999454fef9bfacacf5fd3cc880c1c", "text": "Luzerne County, Pennsylvania Luzerne County is a county located in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania . According to the U.S. Census Bureau , the county has a total area of 906 sqmi , of which 890 sqmi is land and 16 sqmi is water . It is Northeastern Pennsylvania 's second-largest county by total area . As of the 2010 census , the population was 320,918 , making it the most populous county in the northeastern part of the state . The county seat and largest city is Wilkes-Barre . Other populous communities include Hazleton , Kingston , Nanticoke , and Pittston . Luzerne County is included in the Scranton -- Wilkes-Barre -- Hazleton Metropolitan Statistical Area , which has a total population of 558,166 ( as of 2015 ) . On September 25 , 1786 , Luzerne County was formed from part of Northumberland County . It was named after Chevalier de la Luzerne , a French soldier and diplomat during the 18th century . When it was founded , Luzerne County occupied a large portion of Northeastern Pennsylvania . From 1810 to 1878 , it was divided into several smaller counties . The counties of Bradford , Lackawanna , Susquehanna , and Wyoming were all formed from parts of Luzerne County . The county gained prominence in the 19th and 20th centuries as an active anthracite coal mining region , drawing a large portion of its labor force from European immigrants . At its peak ( in 1930 ) , the county 's population was 445,109 . By the early 21st century , many factories and coal mines were closed . Like most counties in the Rust Belt , Luzerne witnessed population loss and urban decay .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3435b76a83277a7d6f10a26e780206ed", "text": "The Secret Life of the American Teenager (season 2) The second season of The Secret Life of the American Teenager , an American television series created by Brenda Hampton , debuted on the ABC Family television network on Monday , June 22 , 2009 at 8:00 PM . Season two regular cast members include Shailene Woodley , India Eisley , Daren Kagasoff , Francia Raisa , Kenny Baumann , Molly Ringwald , Mark Derwin , Megan Park , and Greg Finley II . Following the first season , Jorge Pallo and Luke Zimmerman were demoted to recurring guest stars . Jorge returned for a select number of episodes to wrap up his character 's storyline and eventually departed the series after its January return . Following the success of its first season , ABC Family announced on January 31 , 2009 , plans to renew Secret Life , following the cancellation of its hit sci-fi TV show , Kyle XY . The official press release was released on February 9 with ABC Family ordering 24 episodes for season two . Season 2 began with 12 episodes broadcast starting June 22 , 2009 . Though marketed as the season finale , the mid season finale aired on September 7 , 2009 , with the second half of the season returning on January 4 , 2010 . The second 12 episodes finished their run on March 22 , 2010 . The season premiere of Secret Life brought in the largest audience for the show so far , with a record breaking 4.68 million viewers . It brought in the second largest audience in adults 18-34 with 1.40 million viewers , behind season one 's mid-season finale . 2.10 million adults 18-49 watched `` The Big One '' along with 1.60 million females between the ages 18 -- 34 . The season premiere remains the number one scripted original premiere of Summer 2009 in Adults 18-34 . Furthermore , the mid-season premiere became ABC Family 's most watched telecast of all time with viewers ages 12 -- 34 with more than three million viewers watching . The mid-season premiere also brought in the show 's second largest audience in total viewers , with more than 4.55 million people watching . This season , Amy Juergens must deal with juggling motherhood and high school , while her family and friends experience relationship challenges of their own .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a74dd89c0bb123b52575b54d113db0a6", "text": "Rosedale, California Rosedale is a Census-designated place ( CDP ) in Kern County , California , United States . The population was 14,058 at the 2010 census , up from 8,445 at the 2000 census . Formerly a country town 10 mi west of Bakersfield , it is now surrounded by suburban housing and now has the highest household income in Kern County , according to Census estimates .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "88b52a28b609b249dc3dc42d1d3b6fde", "text": "Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln ( -LSB- ˈeɪbrəhæm_ˈlIŋkən -RSB- February 12 , 1809 -- April 15 , 1865 ) was an American politician and lawyer who served as the 16th President of the United States from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865 . Lincoln led the United States through its Civil War -- its bloodiest war and perhaps its greatest moral , constitutional , and political crisis . In doing so , he preserved the Union , paved the way to the abolition of slavery , strengthened the federal government , and modernized the economy . Born in Hodgenville , Kentucky , Lincoln grew up on the western frontier in Kentucky and Indiana . Largely self-educated , he became a lawyer in Illinois , a Whig Party leader , and was elected to the Illinois House of Representatives , in which he served for eight years . Elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1846 , Lincoln promoted rapid modernization of the economy through banks , tariffs , and railroads . Because he had originally agreed not to run for a second term in Congress , and because his opposition to the Mexican -- American War was unpopular among Illinois voters , Lincoln returned to Springfield and resumed his successful law practice . Reentering politics in 1854 , he became a leader in building the new Republican Party , which had a statewide majority in Illinois . In 1858 , while taking part in a series of highly publicized debates with his opponent and rival , Democrat Stephen A. Douglas , Lincoln spoke out against the expansion of slavery , but lost the U.S. Senate race to Douglas . In 1860 , Lincoln secured the Republican Party presidential nomination as a moderate from a swing state . Though he gained very little support in the slaveholding states of the South , he swept the North and was elected president in 1860 . Lincoln 's victory prompted seven southern slave states to form the Confederate States of America before he moved into the White House -- no compromise or reconciliation was found regarding slavery and secession . Subsequently , on April 12 , 1861 , a Confederate attack on Fort Sumter inspired the North to enthusiastically rally behind the Union . As the leader of the moderate faction of the Republican Party , Lincoln confronted Radical Republicans , who demanded harsher treatment of the South , War Democrats , who called for more compromise , anti-war Democrats ( called Copperheads ) , who despised him , and irreconcilable secessionists , who plotted his assassination . Politically , Lincoln fought back by pitting his opponents against each other , by carefully planned political patronage , and by appealing to the American people with his powers of oratory . His Gettysburg Address became an iconic endorsement of the principles of nationalism , republicanism , equal rights , liberty , and democracy . Lincoln initially concentrated on the military and political dimensions of the war . His primary goal was to reunite the nation . He suspended habeas corpus , leading to the controversial ex parte Merryman decision , and he averted potential British intervention in the war by defusing the Trent Affair in late 1861 . Lincoln closely supervised the war effort , especially the selection of top generals , including his most successful general , Ulysses S. Grant . He also made major decisions on Union war strategy , including a naval blockade that shut down the South 's normal trade , moves to take control of Kentucky and Tennessee , and using gunboats to gain control of the southern river system . Lincoln tried repeatedly to capture the Confederate capital at Richmond ; each time a general failed , Lincoln substituted another , until finally Grant succeeded . As the war progressed , his complex moves toward ending slavery included the Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 ; Lincoln used the U.S. Army to protect escaped slaves , encouraged the border states to outlaw slavery , and pushed through Congress the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution , which permanently outlawed slavery . An exceptionally astute politician deeply involved with power issues in each state , Lincoln reached out to the War Democrats and managed his own re-election campaign in the 1864 presidential election . Anticipating the war 's conclusion , Lincoln pushed a moderate view of Reconstruction , seeking to reunite the nation speedily through a policy of generous reconciliation in the face of lingering and bitter divisiveness . On April 14 , 1865 , five days after the surrender of Confederate commanding general Robert E. Lee , Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth , a Confederate sympathizer . Lincoln has been consistently ranked both by scholars and the public as among the greatest U.S. presidents .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "129e9cf5d678fe17d3d655e57e026899", "text": "Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt The presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt began on March 4 , 1933 , when he was inaugurated as the 32nd President of the United States , and ended upon his death on April 12 , 1945 , a span of ( 4422 days ) . Roosevelt assumed the presidency in the midst of the Great Depression . Starting with his landslide victory over Republican President Herbert Hoover in the 1932 election . He won a record four presidential terms , and became a central figure in world affairs during World War II . His program for relief , recovery and reform , known as the New Deal , involved a great expansion of the role of the federal government in the economy . Under his steady leadership , the Democratic Party built a `` New Deal Coalition '' of labor unions , big city machines , white ethnics , African Americans , and rural white Southerners , that would significantly realign American politics for the next several decades in the Fifth Party System and also define modern American liberalism . During his first hundred days in office , Roosevelt spearheaded unprecedented major legislation and issued a profusion of executive orders that instituted the New Deal -- a variety of programs designed to produce relief ( government jobs for the unemployed ) , recovery ( economic growth ) , and reform ( through regulation of Wall Street , banks and transportation ) . He created numerous programs to support the unemployed and farmers , and to encourage labor union growth while more closely regulating business and high finance . The repeal of Prohibition in 1933 added to his popularity , helping him win re-election by a landslide in 1936 . The economy improved rapidly from 1933 to 1937 , but then relapsed into a deep recession in 1937 -- 38 . The bipartisan Conservative Coalition that formed in 1937 prevented his attempted packing of the Supreme Court , and blocked most of his legislative proposals , aside from the Fair Labor Standards Act . When the war began and unemployment largely became a non-issue , conservatives in Congress repealed the two major relief programs , the WPA and CCC , but kept most of the regulations on business . Along with several smaller programs , major surviving programs from the New Deal include the Securities and Exchange Commission , the Wagner Act , the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation , and Social Security . A potential worldwide war loomed after 1937 , with the Japanese invasion of China and the aggression of Nazi Germany , which invaded Poland in September 1939 . Roosevelt remained officially neutral but gave strong diplomatic and financial support to China , the United Kingdom , Free France , and the Soviet Union via initiatives such as the Lend-Lease programs . Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7 , 1941 , Roosevelt sought and obtained a declaration of war upon Japan . A few days later , he sought and obtained a declaration of war upon the other major Axis powers , Germany and Italy . Assisted by his top aide Harry Hopkins , and with very strong national support , he worked closely with British Prime Minister Winston Churchill , Soviet leader Joseph Stalin , and Chinese Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek in leading the Allies during World War II . He supervised the mobilization of the U.S. economy to support the war effort , and the war saw the end of the massive unemployment that characterized the Great Depression . Roosevelt sought to desegregate the federal workforce with the Fair Employment Practice Committee , but he also controversially ordered the internment of 100,000 Japanese American civilians . As an active military leader , Roosevelt implemented a war strategy on two fronts that ended in the defeat of the Axis Powers and the development of the world 's first nuclear bomb . Though he died months before the end of the war , his work on the post-war order shaped the new United Nations and the Bretton Woods international financial system . Roosevelt 's health seriously declined during the war years , and he died three months into his fourth term . He was succeeded by Vice President Harry S. Truman . It was on Roosevelt 's watch that the Democratic Party was returned to dominance , prosperity returned , and two great military enemies were destroyed . Scholars , historians and the public typically rank Roosevelt alongside Abraham Lincoln and George Washington as one of the three greatest U.S. Presidents .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "847e8bd1d21523801f624b8dd4da567b", "text": "1996 State of the Union Address The 1996 State of the Union address was given by President Bill Clinton to a joint session of the 104th United States Congress on January 23 , 1996 . The speech was the last State of the Union address of President Clinton 's first term . This speech occurred shortly after the federal government shutdown of 1995 and 1996 which had resulted from disagreements on the 1996 United States federal budget . President Clinton discussed the economy and declared that `` the era of big government is over , '' and continued , `` but we can not go back to the time when our citizens were left to fend for themselves . We must go forward as one America , one nation working together , to meet the challenges we face together . Self-reliance and teamwork are not opposing virtues -- we must have both . '' The president discussed welfare reform , the V-chip , education , community policing , crime and the environment . The president also discussed foreign relations and the federal budget . The Republican Party response was delivered by Senator Bob Dole of Kansas . He stated that '' -LSB- President Clinton -RSB- is the chief obstacle to a balanced budget and the balanced budget amendment ... . While the President 's words speak of change , his deeds are a contradiction . President Clinton claims to embrace the future while clinging to the policies of the past . '' Donna Shalala , the Secretary of Health and Human Services , served as the designated survivor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "82f98c8f1e20f64c7d7a33a12764224b", "text": "American way The American way of life or simply the American way is the unique lifestyle of the people of the United States of America . It refers to a nationalist ethos that adheres to the principle of life , liberty and the pursuit of happiness . At the center of the American way is the American Dream that upward mobility is achievable by any American through hard work . This concept is intertwined with the concept of American exceptionalism , the belief in the unique culture of the nation . Author William Herberg offers the following definition : One commentator notes , `` The first half of Herberg 's statement still holds true nearly half a century after he first formulated it '' , even though `` Herberg 's latter claims have been severely if not completely undermined ... materialism no longer needs to be justified in high-sounding terms '' . In the National Archives and Records Administration 's 1999 Annual Report , National Archivist John W. Carlin writes , `` We are different because our government and our way of life are not based on the divine right of kings , the hereditary privileges of elites , or the enforcement of deference to dictators . They are based on pieces of paper , the Charters of Freedom - the Declaration that asserted our independence , the Constitution that created our government , and the Bill of Rights that established our liberties . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d837f920105393a8cbe2a455acd91fa", "text": "Technological unemployment Technological unemployment is the loss of jobs caused by technological change . Such change typically includes the introduction of labour-saving `` mechanical-muscle '' machines or more efficient `` mechanical-mind '' processes ( automation ) . Just as horses employed as prime movers were gradually made obsolete by the automobile , humans ' jobs have also been affected throughout modern history . Historical examples include artisan weavers reduced to poverty after the introduction of mechanised looms . During World War II , Alan Turing 's Bombe machine compressed and decoded thousands of man-years worth of encrypted data in a matter of hours . A contemporary example of technological unemployment is the displacement of retail cashiers by self-service tills . That technological change can cause short-term job losses is widely accepted . The view that it can lead to lasting increases in unemployment has long been controversial . Participants in the technological unemployment debates can be broadly divided into optimists and pessimists . Optimists agree that innovation may be disruptive to jobs in the short term , yet hold that various compensation effects ensure there is never a long-term negative impact on jobs . Whereas pessimists contend that at least in some circumstances , new technologies can lead to a lasting decline in the total number of workers in employment . The phrase `` technological unemployment '' was popularised by John Maynard Keynes in the 1930s . Yet the issue of machines displacing human labour has been discussed since at least Aristotle 's time . Prior to the 18th century both the elite and common people would generally take the pessimistic view on technological unemployment , at least in cases where the issue arose . Due to generally low unemployment in much of pre-modern history , the topic was rarely a prominent concern . In the 18th century fears over the impact of machinery on jobs intensified with the growth of mass unemployment , especially in Great Britain which was then at the forefront of the Industrial Revolution . Yet some economic thinkers began to argue against these fears , claiming that overall innovation would not have negative effects on jobs . These arguments were formalised in the early 19th century by the classical economists . During the second half of the 19th century , it became increasingly apparent that technological progress was benefiting all sections of society , including the working class . Concerns over the negative impact of innovation diminished . The term `` Luddite fallacy '' was coined to describe the thinking that innovation would have lasting harmful effects on employment . The view that technology is unlikely to lead to long term unemployment has been repeatedly challenged by a minority of economists . In the early 1800s these included Ricardo himself . There were dozens of economists warning about technological unemployment during brief intensifications of the debate that spiked in the 1930s and 1960s . Especially in Europe , there were further warnings in the closing two decades of the twentieth century , as commentators noted an enduring rise in unemployment suffered by many industrialised nations since the 1970s . Yet a clear majority of both professional economists and the interested general public held the optimistic view through most of the 20th century . In the second decade of the 21st century , a number of studies have been released suggesting that technological unemployment may be increasing worldwide . Further increases are forecast for the years to come . While many economists and commentators still argue such fears are unfounded , as was widely accepted for most of the previous two centuries , concern over technological unemployment is growing once again . A report in Wired in 2017 quotes knowledgeable people such as economist Gene Sperling and management professor Andrew McAfee on the idea that handling existing and impending job loss to automation is a `` significant issue '' . Regarding a recent claim by a political appointee that automation is not `` going to have any kind of big effect on the economy for the next 50 or 100 years , '' says McAfee , `` I do n't talk to anyone in the field who believes that . '' Innovations like Watson have the potential to render humans obsolete with the professional , white-collar , low-skilled , creative fields , and other `` mental jobs '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "44cb6574ba4bd4e9e664644a24d6612f", "text": "Lean Government Lean Government refers to the application of lean production ( also known as `` Lean '' ) principles and methods to both identify and then implement the most efficient , value added way to provide government services . Government agencies have found that when Lean is implemented , they see an improved understanding of how their own processes work , that it facilitates the quick identification and implementation of improvements and that it builds a culture of continuous improvement . Lean for government focuses on governing and serving citizens with respect and continuously improving service delivery by cutting out `` waste '' and `` inefficiency '' in processes ; this in turn will result in better services overall , engaged civil servants as well as more value for tax-supported programs and services . Generally , proponents also see that a Lean government is a means to expand the capacity of government to provide more services per unit of investment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b37180cae8530e961e4c779d6e1aff56", "text": "Inauguration of Abraham Lincoln Inauguration of Abraham Lincoln may refer to : First inauguration of Abraham Lincoln , 1861 Second inauguration of Abraham Lincoln , 1865", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d293adf9c515215c8eab68ee0055947e", "text": "History of Springfield, Massachusetts The history of Springfield , Massachusetts ( est. 1636 ) springs in large part from its favorable geography , situated on a steep bluff overlooking the Connecticut River 's confluence with three tributaries . It was an ancient Indian crossroad for two major trade routes : Boston-to-Albany and New York City-to-Montreal . Springfield also sits on some of the northeastern United States ' most fertile soil . Springfield was founded in 1636 as Agawam , the northernmost settlement of the Connecticut Colony . The settlement defected from Connecticut after four years , however , later joining forces with the coastal Massachusetts Bay Colony . The town changed its name to Springfield , and changed the political boundaries among what later became New England States . Springfield flourished as a trading post and agricultural center until 1675 's King Philip 's War , when a coalition of Indians laid siege to Springfield and later burned it to the ground . Its prosperity waned for the next hundred years but , in 1777 , United States Revolutionary War leaders made it a National Armory to store weapons , and in 1795 it began manufacturing muskets . Until 1968 , the Armory made small arms . Its first American muskets ( 1794 ) were followed by the famous Springfield rifle and the revolutionary M1 Garand and M14s . The Springfield Armory attracted generations of skilled laborers to the city , making it the United States ' longtime center for precision manufacturing ( comparable to a Silicon Valley of the Industrial Revolution ) . The Armory 's near-capture during Shays Rebellion of 1787 was among the troubles that prompted the U.S. Constitutional Convention later that year . Innovations in the 19th and 20th centuries include the first American English dictionary ( 1805 , Noah Webster ) , the first use of interchangeable parts and the assembly line in manufacturing ( 1819 , Thomas Blanchard ) , the first American horseless car ( 1825 , again Thomas Blanchard ) , vulcanized rubber ( 1844 , Charles Goodyear ) , the first American gasoline-powered car ( 1893 , Duryea Brothers ) , the first American motorcycle company ( 1901 , `` Indian '' ) , an early commercial radio station ( 1921 , WBZ , and most famously , the world 's third-most-popular sport of basketball ( 1891 , Dr. James Naismith ) . Throughout the latter half of the 20th century , Springfield endured a protracted decline , accelerated by the decommission of the Springfield Armory in 1969 . Springfield became increasingly like the declining , second tier Northeastern U.S. cities from which it had long been set apart . During the 1980s and 1990s , Springfield developed a new reputation for crime , political corruption , and cronyism . Seeking to overcome its downgrade , the city undertook several large ( but unfinished ) projects , including a $ 1 billion high-speed rail ( New Haven-Hartford-Springfield high-speed rail ) , a proposed $ 1 billion MGM Casino , and others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "13104f0418b0eecf7bd552fa184702e7", "text": "National Infrastructure Reinvestment Bank The creation of a National Infrastructure Reinvestment Bank was first proposed by United States Senator Christopher J. Dodd and Senator Chuck Hagel in 2007 . However , several other iterations of a National Infrastructure Bank have been proposed and considered and it is likely that implementing legislation for the Bank will look quite different from that which was proposed in the original legislation . Barack Obama backed the proposed legislation in February 2008 and repeated his call in September 2010 , although he did not provide specifics about how the Bank should operate . In 2008 , Obama suggested that the Bank would borrow US$ 60 billion of federal funding to invest in infrastructure over 10 years , while leveraging `` up to $ 500 billion '' of private investment . It would invest in high-speed trains to provide an alternative to air travel , energy efficiency , and clean energy , among other kinds of public infrastructure . According to Obama , the Bank 's `` work will be determined by what will maximize our safety and security and ability to compete '' and it would `` create nearly two million new jobs '' , mainly in the construction industry . According to the text of the proposed legislation , funding for the bank would be taken from borrowed funds not to exceed one percent . The Bank would complement existing federal programs to fund infrastructure , such as the Highway Trust Fund or State Revolving Funds . It is expected to invest primarily in surface transport infrastructure , which is likely to include highways and mass transit . Obama did not mention investments in water supply and sanitation as an area of activity for the new Bank . The American Water Works Association ( AWWA ) estimates that investment in water supply and sanitation in the United States will have to be `` over $ 250 billion above current levels of spending in the next 20 to 30 years '' to replace aging infrastructure . The original version of the bill expired with the 110th Congress ; a different version of the bill was introduced into the 112th Congress by U.S. Representative Rosa L. DeLauro ( D - Connecticut 3rd District ) as H.R. 402 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "34510faa658db2237606588dcdb643b4", "text": "Edward Everett Edward Everett ( April 11 , 1794 -- January 15 , 1865 ) was an American politician , pastor , educator , diplomat , and orator from Massachusetts . Everett , a Whig , served as U.S. Representative , U.S. Senator , the 15th Governor of Massachusetts , Minister to Great Britain , and United States Secretary of State . He also taught at Harvard University and served as its president . Everett was one of the great American orators of the antebellum and Civil War eras . He is often remembered today as the featured orator at the dedication ceremony of the Gettysburg National Cemetery in 1863 , where he spoke for over two hoursimmediately before President Abraham Lincoln delivered his famous , two-minute Gettysburg Address . The son of a pastor , Everett was educated at Harvard , and briefly ministered at Boston 's Brattle Street Church before taking a teaching job at Harvard . The position included preparatory studies in Europe , so Everett spent two years in studies at the University of Göttingen , and another two years traveling around Europe . At Harvard he taught ancient Greek literature for several years before becoming involved in politics , and began an extensive and popular speaking career . He served ten years in the United States Congress before winning election as Governor of Massachusetts in 1835 . As governor he introduced the state Board of Education , the first of its type in the nation . After being defeated in the 1839 election by one vote , Everett was appointed Minister to Great Britain , serving until 1845 . He next became President of Harvard , a job he quickly came to dislike . In 1849 he became an assistant to longtime friend and colleague Daniel Webster , who had been appointed Secretary of State . Upon Webster 's death Everett served as Secretary of State for a few months until he was sworn in as U.S. Senator from Massachusetts . In the later years of his life Everett traveled , giving speeches all over the country . He supported efforts to maintain the Union before the Civil War , running for Vice President on the Constitutional Union Party ticket in 1860 . He was active in supporting the Union effort during the war and supported Lincoln in the 1864 election .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "41110c55c3ff761f51a9bb721bcbdf1f", "text": "Presidency of William McKinley The presidency of William McKinley began on March 4 , 1897 at noon Eastern Standard Time , when William McKinley was inaugurated as President of the United States , and ended on September 14 , 1901 , upon his assassination and death , days into his second term . McKinley , a Republican , was succeeded by Vice President Theodore Roosevelt . The 25th United States president , he took office following the 1896 presidential election , in which he defeated Democrat William Jennings Bryan , after a front-porch campaign in which he advocated `` sound money '' , promised that high tariffs would restore prosperity , and denounced Bryan 's radicalism and class warfare . He defeated Bryan again in the 1900 presidential election , in a campaign focused on imperialism , protectionism , and free silver . McKinley 's presidency marked the beginning of an era in American political history from the mid -- 1890s to 1932 that was generally dominated by the Republican Party . McKinley led the nation to victory in the Spanish -- American War , took ownership of Hawaii , the Philippines and Puerto Rico , restored prosperity , promoted pluralism among all groups , raised protective tariffs to promote American industry , and maintained the nation on the gold standard in a rejection of inflationary proposals . Rapid economic growth marked his presidency . He promoted the 1897 Dingley Tariff to protect manufacturers and factory workers from foreign competition , and in 1900 , he secured the passage of the Gold Standard Act . McKinley hoped to persuade Spain to grant independence to rebellious Cuba without conflict , but when negotiation failed , he led the nation in the Spanish -- American War of 1898 ; the U.S. victory was quick and decisive . As part of the peace settlement , Spain turned over to the United States its main overseas colonies of Puerto Rico , Guam , and the Philippines ; Cuba was promised independence , but for a time remained under the control of the U.S. Army . The United States annexed the independent Republic of Hawaii in 1898 and it became a U.S. territory . As an innovator of American interventionism and pro-business sentiment , McKinley 's presidency is generally ranked above average . Historian Lewis L. Gould argues that McKinley was effective in domestic and foreign affairs and was `` the first modern president '' :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ec69f76f862c9b38e890e8e962e56ca", "text": "Modern liberalism in the United States Modern American liberalism is the dominant version of liberalism in the United States . It is characterized by social liberalism , and combines ideas of civil liberty and equality with support for social justice and a mixed economy . The term `` modern liberalism '' in this article refers only to the United States . In a global context , this philosophy is usually referred to as social liberalism . The American modern liberal philosophy strongly endorses public spending on programs such as education , health care , and welfare . Important social issues today include addressing inequality , voting rights for minorities , affirmative action , reproductive and other women 's rights , support for LGBT rights , and immigration reform . Modern liberalism took shape during the twentieth century , with roots in Theodore Roosevelt 's New Nationalism , Woodrow Wilson 's New Freedom , Franklin D. Roosevelt 's New Deal , Harry S. Truman 's Fair Deal , John F. Kennedy 's New Frontier , and Lyndon B. Johnson 's Great Society . American liberals oppose conservatives on most issues , but not all . Modern liberalism is historically related to social liberalism and progressivism , though the current relationship between liberal and progressive viewpoints is debated . John F. Kennedy defined a liberal as follows : Franklin Delano Roosevelt in 1941 defined a liberal party as one , Keynesian economic theory has played an important role in the economic philosophy of modern American liberals . Modern American liberals generally believe that national prosperity requires government management of the macroeconomy , in order to keep unemployment low , inflation in check , and growth high . They also value institutions that defend against economic inequality . In The Conscience of a Liberal Paul Krugman writes : `` I believe in a relatively equal society , supported by institutions that limit extremes of wealth and poverty . I believe in democracy , civil liberties , and the rule of law . That makes me a liberal , and I 'm proud of it . '' Liberals often point to the widespread prosperity enjoyed under a mixed economy in the years since World War II . They believe liberty exists when access to necessities like health care and economic opportunity are available to all , and they champion the protection of the environment . Modern American liberalism is typically associated with the Democratic Party , as modern American conservatism is typically associated with the Republican Party .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc060aa2247b4a39e1265897a40d0afa", "text": "Lincoln College (Illinois) Lincoln College ( chartered Lincoln University ) is a private , independent liberal arts college located in Lincoln , Illinois . Lincoln College is a hybrid college offering both two-year and four-year degree programs for its students . Lincoln College was established in 1865 by the Cumberland Presbyterian Church , but is now independent and has no formal church affiliation . There were a few sites that were looked at as possibilities , and in December 1864 , the site of Lincoln was selected . Due to the Civil War , the denomination wanted to create a college in the North because the denomination 's other schools were located in the South . At this same time a movement started in the new community of Lincoln to start a college . On February 6 , 1865 , the Illinois General Assembly granted the charter that established the university . President Lincoln was aware the school would be named after him . Lincoln University was the first institution named for Abraham Lincoln and the only one during his lifetime . The groundbreaking for University Hall , the first college building , was held on the birthday of Abraham Lincoln , which was six days after the charter had been granted . By September 1866 , University Hall 's construction was completed . In November 1866 , the college opened its doors to men and women alike . In 1868 , there were three people who received their degrees .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c0e2d57a819115615f34482516a5272", "text": "Kentucky in the American Civil War Kentucky was a border state of key importance in the American Civil War . President Abraham Lincoln recognized the importance of the Commonwealth when , in a September 1861 letter to Orville Browning , he wrote : I think to lose Kentucky is nearly the same as to lose the whole game . Kentucky gone , we can not hold Missouri , nor Maryland . These all against us , and the job on our hands is too large for us . We would as well consent to separation at once , including the surrender of this capitol . Kentucky , being a border state , was among the chief places where the `` Brother against brother '' scenario was prevalent . Kentucky officially declared its neutrality at the beginning of the war , but after a failed attempt by Confederate General Leonidas Polk to take the state of Kentucky for the Confederacy , the legislature petitioned the Union Army for assistance . After early 1862 Kentucky came largely under Union control . Kentucky was the site of several fierce battles , including Mill Springs and Perryville . It was host to such military leaders as Ulysses S. Grant on the Union side , who first encountered serious Confederate gunfire coming from Columbus , Kentucky , and Confederate cavalry leader Nathan Bedford Forrest . Forrest proved to be a scourge to the Union Army in western Kentucky , even making an attack on Paducah . Kentuckian John Hunt Morgan further challenged Union control , as he conducted numerous cavalry raids through the state . Kentucky was the birthplace of Abraham Lincoln , his wife Mary Todd , and his southern counterpart , Confederate President Jefferson Davis . In the historiography of the Civil War , Kentucky is treated primarily as a border state , with special attention to the social divisions during the secession crisis , invasions and raids , internal violence , sporadic guerrilla warfare , federal-state relations , the ending of slavery , and the return of Confederate veterans .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "196750fa372d3c990546068a0fbdf6ab", "text": "Proto-industrialization Proto-industrialization ( also spelled proto-industrialisation ) was a possible phase in the development of modern industrial economies that preceded , and created conditions for , the establishment of fully industrial societies . Proto-industrialisation is generally referred to the phase before industrialisation . Proto-industrialization was marked by the increasing involvement of agrarian families in market-oriented craft production , mainly through the putting-out system organized by merchant capitalists . It was an effective method of production which was controlled by merchants and had links to developing European consumerism . However , the phase was not observed across Europe , and nor did it always smoothly transition into the Industrial Revolution proper . The term was coined by F. F. Mendels in 1972 , though a UNESCO colloquium on the 10th anniversary of the deaths of Einstein and Teilhard de Chardin and published in 1971 discusses `` the basis for proto-industrialization '' . The applicability of proto-industrialization in Europe has since been challenged . M.J. Daunton , for example , argues that proto-industrialisation `` excludes too much '' to fully explain the expansion of industry : not only do proponents of proto-industrialisation ignore the vital town-based industries in pre-industrial economies , but also ignores `` rural and urban industry based upon non-domestic organisation , '' referring to how mines , mills , forges and furnaces fit into the agrarian economy . Initially using surplus labor available during slow periods of the agricultural seasons , proto-industrialization led to specialization - not only in industrial production but also in commercial agricultural production . This allowed reciprocal trade favored by regional economies of scale . It resulted in accumulation of capital and in the acquisition of entrepreneurial skills by merchant capitalists , which facilitated the development of large-scale , and capital-intensive production methods in the full industrialization phase that followed . Proto-industrialization sparked social changes in traditional agrarian societies that would become more marked during full industrialization , such as greater independence of women and children , who gained a means of income separate from the family subsistence farm . During this phase of industrialisation , machines were not used . They were not even invented at that time . People could only use their hands or any hand-made material to produce required goods .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5a64832fbcf0c76254e7bfd401e9372", "text": "Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War This timeline of events leading up to the American Civil War describes and links to narrative articles and references about many of the events and issues which historians recognize as origins and causes of the Civil War . The pre-Civil War events can be roughly divided into a period encompassing the long term build-up over many decades and a period encompassing the five-month build to war immediately after the election of Abraham Lincoln as President in the Election of 1860 which culminated in the Fall of Fort Sumter ( April 1861 ) . Since the early colonial period in Virginia , slavery had been a part of the socioeconomic system of British North America and was recognized in the Thirteen Colonies at the time of the United States ' Declaration of Independence ( 1776 ) . Since then , events and statements by politicians and others brought forth differences , tensions and divisions between the people of the slave states of the Southern United States and the people of the free states of the Northern United States ( including Western states ) over the topics of slavery . The large underlying issue from which other issues developed was whether slavery should be retained and even expanded to other areas or whether it should be contained and eventually abolished . Over many decades , these issues and divisions became increasingly irreconcilable and contentious . Events in the 1850s culminated with the election of the anti-slavery-expansion Republican Abraham Lincoln as President on November 6 , 1860 . This provoked the first round of state secessions as leaders of the Deep South cotton states were unwilling to remain in a second class political status with their way of life threatened by the President himself . Initially , the seven Deep South states seceded , with economies based on cotton ( then in heavy European demand with rising prices ) . They were Alabama , Florida , Georgia , Louisiana , Mississippi , South Carolina and Texas . After the Confederates attacked and captured Fort Sumter , President Lincoln called for volunteers to march south and suppress the rebellion . This pushed the four other Upper South States ( Virginia , North Carolina , Tennessee , and Arkansas ) also to secede . These states completed the formation of the Confederate States of America . Their addition to the Confederacy insured a war would be prolonged and bloody because they contributed territory and soldiers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "61cbe42253f7f2dbefc89e1e08f128fa", "text": "Second Great Awakening The Second Great Awakening was a Protestant religious revival movement during the early 19th century in the United States . The movement began around 1790 , gained momentum by 1800 and , after 1820 , membership rose rapidly among Baptist and Methodist congregations whose preachers led the movement . It was past its peak by the late 1850s . The Second Great Awakening reflected Romanticism characterized by enthusiasm , emotion , and an appeal to the super-natural . It rejected the skeptical rationalism and deism of the Enlightenment . The revivals enrolled millions of new members in existing evangelical denominations and led to the formation of new denominations . Many converts believed that the Awakening heralded a new millennial age . The Second Great Awakening stimulated the establishment of many reform movements designed to remedy the evils of society before the anticipated Second Coming of Jesus Christ . Historians named the Second Great Awakening in the context of the First Great Awakening of the 1730s and 1740s and of the Third Great Awakening of the late 1850s to early 1900s . These revivals were part of a much larger Romantic religious movement that was sweeping across Europe at the time , mainly throughout England , Scotland , and Germany .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e1be42205619903da3c01ebed1666d6f", "text": "Inauguration of Andrew Johnson The inauguration of Andrew Johnson as the 17th President of the United States was held on April 15 , 1865 at the Kirkwood House in Washington , D.C. , following the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln . The inauguration marked the commencement of Andrew Johnson 's only term ( a partial term of ) as President . Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase administered the Oath of office . After the ceremony , President Johnson gave an impromptu inaugural address , which began with him begging the cabinet to remain with him and then attacking the Confederacy with such venom , that one witness remarked `` It would have been better had he been struck dumb . '' As President Lincoln lay dying , Vice President Johnson visited the room where he lay , and when Mrs. Lincoln saw him , it was reported , she screamed and demanded he be removed . So he went back to his room at the Kirkwood House . According to newspaper reports , the Vice President had gotten severely inebriated , and when aides to the now-dead president came to fetch the new President they were unable to wake him for several minutes . When he was finally awake , the accounts read , `` he had puffy eyes and his hair was caked with mud from the street , '' and that a barber and doctor were summoned to clean him up for the ten-o'clock ceremony , which most accounts agree went smoothly . However , there are other accounts , believed more reliable by some , which refute this claim .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "27a4e8b601fc765133b26891d836d7f2", "text": "The Great Abraham Lincoln Pocket Watch Conspiracy The Great Abraham Lincoln Pocket Watch Conspiracy is a historical fiction novel written by Jacopo della Quercia . The plot follows President William Howard Taft , scientist and son of a former president Robert Todd Lincoln , Secret Service Chief John Wilkie , Captain ( later Major ) Archibald Butt and others as they slowly unravel a worldwide conspiracy over a decade in the making . The book , which was della Quercia 's debut novel , was published in 2014 by St. Martin 's Griffin , an imprint of publishing company St. Martin 's Press . The author described the book 's genre not as singular distinct genre , but as an `` equal parts cocktail '' of adventure , historical fiction , science fiction , thriller and comedy . In 2015 , della Quercia released a spiritual sequel , License to Quill , of a similar nature that concerns the lives of Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare in Reformation-era Europe . The book has many references to actual events ; some , such as the sinking of the RMS Titanic , are important plot points , while others , such as the destruction of the zeppelin Erbslöh , are passively mentioned as news or memories . The author also includes excerpts from real newspaper articles , which were used to provide exposition in the storyline . Similarly , all of the main characters in the book were real , relevant figures in the 20th century . The characters profiles were fictionalized to fit in with the book 's plot and atmosphere , but their names , positions , occupations and personalities are kept largely intact .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b35e55e0a436792fcb11212535b214f5", "text": "The Lincoln–Douglas Debates (1994 reenactments) The 1994 reenactments of the Lincoln -- Douglas Debates took place between August 20 and October 15 , 1994 and were facilitated and aired by C-SPAN . They featured historical reenactors presenting , in their entireties , the series of seven debates between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglas that took place during the 1858 U.S. Senate campaign in Illinois . The debate reenactments were held in the same seven cities as were the 1858 debates , and were performed on dates very close to the anniversaries of the original debates . They were broadcast live on C-SPAN , and have been rebroadcast periodically ever since .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ada361874236dc7ac41a443daa52543", "text": "John T. Stuart John Todd Stuart ( November 10 , 1807 -- November 23 , 1885 ) was a lawyer and a U.S. Representative from Illinois . Born near Lexington , Kentucky , Stuart graduated from Centre College , Danville , Kentucky , in 1826 . He then studied law , was admitted to the bar in 1828 , and commenced practice in Springfield , Illinois . He was a major in the Black Hawk War in 1832 , where he first met Abraham Lincoln , who was in the same battalion as Stuart . He served as member of the Illinois House of Representatives between 1832 and 1836 . Stuart encouraged Lincoln to study law and the two subsequently became law partners , between 1837 and 1841 . If not for Stuart 's influence , it is conceivable that Lincoln might never have been interested in the law - and thus , might not ever have become president . Stuart was an unsuccessful candidate for election in 1836 to the Twenty-fifth Congress . He was , however , elected as a Whig to the Twenty-sixth and Twenty-seventh Congresses ( March 4 , 1839 - March 3 , 1843 ) , winning over Stephen A. Douglas in 1838 . He was not a candidate for renomination in 1842 . Stuart established a law partnership with Benjamin S. Edwards in 1843 , a partnership that would last for forty years . Stuart served as member of the Illinois Senate between 1848 and 1852 . He was the unsuccessful Constitutional Union candidate for Governor of Illinois in 1860 . Stuart was elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-eighth Congress ( March 4 , 1863 - March 3 , 1865 ) , and served there while Lincoln was president . Stuart was a favorite cousin of Mary Todd Lincoln and as a member of Congress after his election in 1862 over Republican Leonard Swett was a frequent visitor at the White House even though he was an anti-emancipation Democrat . He was defeated in 1864 by Republican Shelby Moore Cullom , a Lincoln ally . Following his defeat in 1864 , Stuart resumed the practice of law in Springfield . He died there and was interred in the Oak Ridge Cemetery . In the fall of 2007 , Centre College ( Stuart 's alma mater ) dedicated Stuart Hall , a building that once housed the College 's bookstore but is now a residence hall , in honor of the influence Stuart had over Lincoln 's career path as well as Stuart 's contribution to law . The firm that he founded in Springfield Illinois , once known as `` Stuart and Lincoln , '' is still operating under the name `` Brown , Hay , & Stephens , '' and includes his great-great-grandson as a partner .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "87c13a7c8df2d5c95c9041a97de52263", "text": "Missing (film) Missing ( stylized as missing . ) is a 1982 American historical drama film directed by Costa-Gavras and starring Sissy Spacek , Jack Lemmon , Melanie Mayron , John Shea , Janice Rule and Charles Cioffi . It is based on the true story of American journalist Charles Horman , who disappeared in the bloody aftermath of the US-backed Chilean coup of 1973 that deposed the democratically elected socialist President Salvador Allende . Set largely during the days and weeks following Horman 's disappearance , the movie depicts his father and wife searching to determine his fate . The film examines the relationship between Horman 's wife Beth ( Spacek ) and her father-in-law , American businessman Ed Horman ( Lemmon ) . The film premiered at the 1982 Cannes Film Festival where it was jointly awarded the Palme d'Or ( with Yol ) . The film was released theatrically on February 12 , 1982 . It received four nominations at the 55th Academy Awards : Best Picture , Best Actor in a Leading Role ( Lemmon ) , Best Actress in a Leading Role ( Spacek ) and winning Best Writing ( Screenplay Based on Material from Another Medium ) . Missing grossed $ 16 million against its $ 5 million budget . The film was banned in Chile during Augusto Pinochet 's dictatorship , even though neither Chile nor Pinochet is ever mentioned by name ( although the Chilean cities of Viña del Mar and Santiago are ) .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "4616dace12242646c58a9f5e57752290", "text": "Reds (film) Reds is a 1981 American epic drama film co-written , produced and directed by Warren Beatty . The picture centers on the life and career of John Reed , the journalist and writer who chronicled the Russian Revolution in his book Ten Days That Shook the World . Beatty stars in the lead role alongside Diane Keaton as Louise Bryant and Jack Nicholson as Eugene O'Neill . The supporting cast includes Edward Herrmann , Jerzy Kosinski , Paul Sorvino , Maureen Stapleton , Gene Hackman , Ramon Bieri , Nicolas Coster and M. Emmet Walsh . The film also features , as `` witnesses , '' interviews with the 98-year-old radical educator and peace activist Scott Nearing , author Dorothy Frooks , reporter and author George Seldes , civil liberties advocate Roger Baldwin , and the American writer Henry Miller , among others . Beatty was awarded the Academy Award for Best Director and the film was nominated for Best Picture , but lost to Chariots of Fire . Beatty , Keaton , Nicholson and Stapleton were nominated for Best Actor , Best Actress , Best Supporting Actor and Best Supporting Actress , respectively . Stapleton was the only one of the four to win . Beatty was also nominated , along with co-writer Trevor Griffiths , for Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay , but lost to Chariots of Fire . Beatty became the third person to be nominated for Academy Awards in the categories Best Actor , Director and Original Screenplay for a film nominated for Best Picture . In June 2008 , the American Film Institute revealed its `` Ten Top Ten '' -- the best ten films in ten `` classic '' American film genres -- after polling over 1,500 people from the creative community . Reds was acknowledged as the ninth best film in the epic genre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bf211a029d7eb94252e3267059259c3b", "text": "Coming Home (2014 film) Coming Home ( , literally The Return ) is a 2014 Chinese historical drama film directed by Zhang Yimou and starring Chen Daoming and Gong Li . It was released in the US September 11 , 2015 and first shown to the public on the 20th May 2014 at the Cannes Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "11e82dba131d53ed3f364c95a8e1a54a", "text": "The Merchant of Venice (1914 film) The Merchant of Venice is a lost 1914 American silent film historical drama based on William Shakespeare 's play . It was directed by and starred Phillips Smalley and Lois Weber , a husband and wife directing team . It was produced and distributed by Universal Film Manufacturing Company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d309958d5423c80a0aed424195459529", "text": "The Missing Million The Missing Million is a 1942 British crime film directed by Philip Brandon and starring Linden Travers , John Warwick and Patricia Hilliard . It is adapted from a novel by Edgar Wallace . A millionaire is persecuted by a criminal gang .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a56ecd2b07d430a364f44ba3fad5be70", "text": "Restoration (1995 film) Restoration is a 1995 American historical drama film directed by Michael Hoffman . It stars Robert Downey , Jr. as a 17th-century medical student exploited by the king . The film , which is based on the novel of the same title by Rose Tremain , was filmed in Wales and won two Academy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0cbab51c486d544e54a4248c4053885d", "text": "Imagining Argentina (film) Imagining Argentina is a 2003 drama historical film written and directed by Christopher Hampton and starring Antonio Banderas , Emma Thompson , Leticia Dolera and Rubén Blades . It is based on the award-winning homonymous novel by Lawrence Thornton . It was nominated for the Golden Lion at the 2003 Venice Film Festival . The film , centered on a couple living through the ominous last military dictatorship in Argentina ( 1976-1983 ) , depicts graphic images of suffering , such as rape and torture . The closing caption states that around 30,000 Argentines disappeared during the beginning and end of the regime .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ee84c8b50248e183659048a017318d5", "text": "Edmond (film) Edmond is a 2005 American drama film directed by Stuart Gordon and starring William H. Macy , based on the 1982 play Edmond by David Mamet . Mamet also wrote the screenplay for the film . Edmond features Julia Stiles , Rebecca Pidgeon , Denise Richards , Mena Suvari , Joe Mantegna , Bai Ling , Jeffrey Combs , Dylan Walsh and George Wendt in supporting roles . It was screened at several film festivals from September 2005 to May 2006 , and had a limited release on July 14 , 2006 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e747932232c24fb5a9bf02ff7060203", "text": "Lost and found A lost and found ( American English ) or lost property ( British English ) , or lost articles ( also Canadian English ) is an office in a public building or area where people can go to retrieve lost articles that may have been found by others . Frequently found at museums , amusement parks and schools , a lost and found will typically be a clearly marked box or room in a location near the main entrance . Some lost and found offices will try to contact the owners of any lost items if there are any personal identifiers available . Practically all will either sell , give or throw away items after a certain period has passed to clear their storage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d0ec5fe6cd25bf6e5e12e9972dbd9f48", "text": "Factual film Factual film may refer to : Historical film Biographical film , a film that dramatizes the life of a non-fictional or historically-based person or people Film based on a true story Documentary film , a nonfictional motion picture intended to document some aspect of reality , primarily for the purposes of instruction , education , or maintaining a historical record", "title": "" }, { "docid": "adf44ca4be896e153b4f1a1dec372f68", "text": "Abandoned (2010 film) Abandoned is a thriller film directed by Michael Feifer and starring Brittany Murphy , Dean Cain , Mimi Rogers and Jay Pickett .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f93ef04690f05da01bc6efe4af30b75c", "text": "The Wrong Man The Wrong Man is a 1956 American docudrama film directed by Alfred Hitchcock and starring Henry Fonda and Vera Miles . The film was drawn from the true story of an innocent man charged with a crime , as described in the book The True Story of Christopher Emmanuel Balestrero by Maxwell Anderson and in the magazine article `` A Case of Identity '' ( Life magazine , June 29 , 1953 ) by Herbert Brean . It is one of the few Hitchcock films based on a true story and whose plot closely follows the real-life events . The Wrong Man had a notable effect on two significant directors : it prompted Jean-Luc Godard 's longest piece of written criticism in his years as a critic , and it has been cited as an influence on Martin Scorsese 's Taxi Driver .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a4c3718c83663b39f33c38516d53a578", "text": "Missing years (Jewish calendar) The missing years in the Hebrew calendar refer to a chronological discrepancy between Talmudic chronologists for the destruction of the First Temple in 423 BCE ( 3338 AM ) and the modern secular dating for it in 587 BCE .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "730ca6cd8cab5f678e7f4d615251d696", "text": "Somewhere in Europe (film) Somewhere in Europe ( Valahol Európában ) is a 1948 Hungarian drama film directed by Géza von Radványi . It depicts the aftermath of World War II and specifically the lives of a gang of orphaned children in a postwar setting . The gang of children steal , cheat , and pillage due largely to the harsh circumstances and the world around them . The film has been compared to Italian neorealism .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65f4c09eb511872a4338fe12bfd2d955", "text": "The Missing Piece (Gentle Giant album) The Missing Piece is the ninth album by British progressive rock band Gentle Giant which was released in 1977 . After the Interview tour this return to the studio marked a change of direction for the band with the first side of the album exploring different musical directions than the band was previously known for , including pop music and punk rock , while the second side was more in the vein of Gentle Giant 's signature progressive rock style . This was the last Gentle Giant album to chart in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cdb163de8cb695b5e40ce87f0fcac24b", "text": "Standing in the Dust Standing in the Dust ( ایستاده در غبار Istadeh Dar Ghobar ) is a 2016 Biography/Drama movie about Ahmad Motevaselian , an Iranian commander in the Iran-Iraq war , who disappeared in Lebanon . The film is directed by Mohammad Hossein Mahdavian and produced by Habibollah Valinezhad .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9add6984e31977643b2b9a1c0bba3e76", "text": "The Port of Missing Men The Port of Missing Men is a lost 1914 silent film drama directed by Francis Powers and starring Arnold Daly . It is based on a novel by Meredith Nicholson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d0f2d24c63c3c38d2f364e6e4af4bea8", "text": "The Missing Piece (book) The Missing Piece is a children 's picture book by poet Shel Silverstein .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad87e5231205c1e6dcfae61883995b71", "text": "Who's Missing (game) Who 's Missing is a game for children ages kindergarten through 6th grade , and is often played in the classroom . In this game , one student hides his or her eyes while other children trade seats and one child from the group leaves the room . Alternatively , the person who is supposed to guess leaves the room while another child hides . Once everyone else is in a seat , the leader or teacher will say , `` Turn around ( or come back in ) and see who 's missing . '' The child will then try to figure out who 's missing . Rules may vary on how many guesses the child gets . After a specified amount of time , the teacher will tell the student who it is so the game is not delayed . The student who left the room is now the guesser , whether the first student guessed right or not , and a new round begins . Other variations include having two or three students leave the room , especially towards the end of the game , and later having two or three students as guessers . As a prank , all the students could leave the room . Often those hiding their eyes will be surprised the first time it is done to the class .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "852747ac64d82307a7d6e58b4e363bb7", "text": "List of lost films For this list of lost films , a lost film is defined as one of which no part of a print is known to have survived . For films in which any portion of the footage remains ( including trailers ) , see List of incomplete or partially lost films . Films may go missing for a number of reasons . One major contributing factor is the common use of nitrate film until the early 1950s . This type of film is highly flammable , and there have been several devastating fires , such as the 1937 Fox vault fire , the 1967 MGM vault fire , and the Universal Pictures fire in 1924 . Black-and-white film prints judged to be otherwise worthless were sometimes incinerated to salvage the meager scrap value of the silver image particles in their emulsions . Films have disappeared when production companies went bankrupt . Occasionally , a studio would remake a film and destroy the earlier version . Silent films in particular were once seen as having no further commercial value and were simply junked to clear out expensive storage space . This is necessarily an incomplete list . Martin Scorsese 's Film Foundation claims that `` half of all American films made before 1950 and over 90 % of films made before 1929 are lost forever . '' Deutsche Kinemathek estimates that 80 -- 90 % of silent films are gone ; the film archive 's own list contains over 3500 lost films . A study by the Library of Congress states that 75 % of all silent films are now lost . While others dispute whether the percentage is quite that high , it is impractical to enumerate any but the more notable and those that can be sourced .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a20b023c16b75e304eaea02873742fc", "text": "National Missing and Unidentified Persons System National Missing and Unidentified Persons System , abbreviated as NamUs , is a clearing house for missing persons and unidentified decedent records in the United States , a part of the Department of Justice . NamUs also provides free DNA testing and other forensic services , such as anthropology and odontology assistance . In 2005 , the National Institute of Justice assembled for a national strategy meeting regarding missing persons in the United States ; they called the meeting `` Identifying the Missing Summit . '' Forensic scientists , policymakers , victim advocates and law enforcement officials discussed the challenges and strategies for solving missing person cases and identifying unidentified decedent cases . From there the Deputy Attorney General created a task force , The National Missing Persons Task Force , and encouraged the U.S Department of Justice to find prominent tools that will help solve these cases . NamUs was created , subsequently . The NamUs database was created in three phases ; in Phase III , released in 2009 , the system became fully searchable and open to the public . Through NamUs , users will have access to three databases : Unidentified Persons database , Missing Persons database and an UnClaimed Persons database . In the database users can search by state , date last seen , circumstances , physical/medical characteristics , clothing and accessories , sex , ethnicity , race and more , in order to locate or search for a potential match or personal profile . Each missing person and unidentified person have their own four digit code number . If a potential match is found , users can notify and submit the potential match to case managers , local law enforcement agencies or NamUs regional administrators . If a potential match has been ruled out it will appear on the unidentified person 's profile , under the section `` exclusions . '' The issue of unidentified remains in the United States has been coined `` the Nation 's Silent Mass Disaster . '' There are approximately 40,000 unidentified human remains that have been buried or cremated before being identified . Furthering the problem of identification , in 2004 , less than half of the nation 's medical examiner 's offices had policies for retaining DNA , x-rays , or fingerprints of unidentified persons . Another issue that has left remains unidentified has been the reporting of missing persons . Those who go missing over the 18 are not required to be reported - reporting them is voluntary . Consequently , there has been a low rate of reported adult cases through NCIC ( the National Crime Information Center ) . Ultimately NamUs is working together with the public and national level databases to incorporate the records of missing persons and meet the challenges of non-reporting . Currently , there have been 16,080 missing person cases on file through NamUs . , 60.46 % , or 9,723 of them remain open and unsolved . Of the closed cases , 665 , or 10.46 % , have been closed through the aid of the NamUs database . Furthermore , there have been 10,714 unidentified persons cases on filed through NamUs . , 88.66 % , or 9,500 , remain open and unidentified . Of the closed cases , 285 , or 23.495 , have been closed through the aid of the NamUs database .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "1369dab6091e1eacb0a6b90f814313ca", "text": "Sandra Bullock Sandra Annette Bullock ( -LSB- 's ændrə_ˈbʊlək -RSB- born July 26 , 1964 ) is an American actress , producer , and philanthropist . Bullock made her acting debut with a minor role in the 1987 thriller Hangmen , and made her television debut in the film Bionic Showdown : The Six Million Dollar Man and the Bionic Woman ( 1989 ) , and played the lead role in the short-lived NBC sitcom Working Girl . Her breakthrough role was in the film Demolition Man ( 1993 ) . She subsequently starred in several successful films including Speed ( 1994 ) , While You Were Sleeping ( 1995 ) , The Net ( 1995 ) , A Time to Kill ( 1996 ) , Hope Floats ( 1998 ) , and Practical Magic ( 1998 ) . Bullock achieved further success in the following decades in Miss Congeniality ( 2000 ) , Two Weeks Notice ( 2002 ) , Crash ( 2004 ) , The Proposal ( 2009 ) , and The Heat ( 2013 ) . She was awarded the Academy Award for Best Actress and the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Drama for playing Leigh Anne Tuohy in The Blind Side ( 2009 ) , and was nominated in the same categories for her performance in Gravity ( 2013 ) . Bullock 's greatest commercial success is the animated comedy film Minions ( 2015 ) , which grossed over US$ 1 billion at the box office . In 2007 , she was one of Hollywood 's highest-paid actresses . She was also named `` Most Beautiful Woman '' by People magazine in 2015 . In addition to her acting career , Bullock is the founder of the production company Fortis Films . She has produced some of the films in which she starred , including Two Weeks Notice , Miss Congeniality 2 : Armed and Fabulous , and All About Steve . She was an executive producer of the ABC sitcom , George Lopez , and made several appearances during its run .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e721e0dda39c3b1b2400094877eb7424", "text": "The Proposal (film) The Proposal is a 2009 American romantic comedy film directed by Anne Fletcher and written by Peter Chiarelli . The film stars Sandra Bullock and Ryan Reynolds , Betty White , Mary Steenburgen and Craig T. Nelson . The film was produced by Mandeville Films and released on June 19 , 2009 , in North America by Touchstone Pictures . The plot centers on a Canadian executive , Margaret Tate , who learns that she may face deportation from the U.S. because of her expired visa . Determined to retain her position as editor in chief of a publishing house , Tate convinces her assistant , Andrew Paxton , to temporarily act as her fiancé . Initially planning on resuming their lives after Tate resolves her visa issues , they appear to abandon those plans as their relationship intensifies . Development on the film began in 2005 , when Chiarelli wrote the film 's script . Principal filming occurred over a period of two months from March to May 2008 . The film received mixed reviews from critics , who criticized its script , but praised the chemistry between Bullock and Reynolds . The film was a box office success , grossing over $ 317 million worldwide , becoming the highest grossing romantic comedy film of 2009 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "59928551eb4f8f90d2ceb4f0f9e37732", "text": "Daphne Zuniga Daphne Eurydice Zuniga ( -LSB- 'd æfni_zuːˈniːgə -RSB- born October 28 , 1962 ) is an American film and television actress , and environmentalist . After studying at the American Conservatory Theater in her youth , she made her film debut in 1982 in the slasher film The Dorm That Dripped Blood at the age of 19 , followed by a lead role in the horror film The Initiation ( 1984 ) two years later . She went on to star in several comedies , including Rob Reiner 's The Sure Thing ( 1985 ) , opposite John Cusack , as well as the cult comedies Spaceballs , and Modern Girls ( 1986 ) . She also starred opposite Lucille Ball in the television drama film Stone Pillow ( 1986 ) , and in the sci-fi horror sequel The Fly II ( 1989 ) . Zuniga would later gain major exposure as a television actress for her role as Jo Reynolds on the Fox prime time soap opera Melrose Place from 1992 -- 1996 . Other television credits include as Victoria Davis on One Tree Hill ( 2008 -- 2012 ) , and as Lynn Kerr on the drama series Beautiful People . Also an environmental activist , Zuniga was a founding member of the Earth Communications Office ( ECO ) , and has worked with the Natural Resources Defense Council , the Waterkeeper Alliance , and Environment California .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc10071beaa17da4d14b16c78c6031c9", "text": "Chelsea Kane Chelsea Kane Staub ( born September 15 , 1988 ) , known professionally as Chelsea Kane since early 2011 , is an American actress and singer . She is known for her role as Stella Malone in the Disney Channel sitcom television series and the role of Riley Perrin in the Freeform sitcom , Baby Daddy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "58446a9bebfbf4a9dcbe4f5b9b21c304", "text": "Michele Pillar Michele Diane Pillar ( born July 26 , 1955 ) is a contemporary Christian music singer , songwriter and occasional actress . Despite recording only a handful of studio albums , her music has made a lasting influence in the genre having earned three Grammy Award nominations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0bea8bfb24d3881bca037cda37511d0b", "text": "Christine Lahti Christine Ann Lahti ( born April 4 , 1950 ) is an American actress . She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for the 1984 film Swing Shift . Her other film roles include ... And Justice for All ( 1979 ) , Housekeeping ( 1987 ) , Running on Empty ( 1988 ) , and Leaving Normal ( 1992 ) . For her directorial debut with the 1995 short film Lieberman in Love , she won the Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film . Lahti made her Broadway debut in 1980 as a replacement in Loose Ends , and went on to star in the Broadway productions of Present Laughter ( 1982 ) and The Heidi Chronicles ( 1989 ) . An eight-time Golden Globe nominee and six-time Emmy Award nominee , she won a Golden Globe for the 1989 TV movie No Place Like Home , and won a Golden Globe and an Emmy in 1998 for her role as Kate Austin in the CBS series Chicago Hope ( 1995 -- 99 ) . She returned to Broadway in 2009 to star in God of Carnage . She also had a recurring role as Sonya Paxton in the NBC series Law and Order : Special Victims Unit ( 2009 -- 11 ) , as Doris McGarrett in the CBS series Hawaii Five-0 ( 2012 -- 16 ) , and Laurel Hitchin in NBC 's The Blacklist ( 2015 -- 17 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7e0c34a667cf6f1a80bb2dd6bc5f8bdd", "text": "Sybil Temtchine Sybil Temchen ( born Sybil Josie Temtchine on June 7 , 1979 ) is an American actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3de95f90dbf2a03b32891e7e519fcdf9", "text": "Prêt-à-Porter (film) Prêt-à-Porter , released in the US as Ready to Wear ( Prêt-à-Porter ) , is a 1994 American satirical comedy film co-written , directed and produced by Robert Altman and shot on location during the Paris Fashion Week with a host of international stars , models and designers . The film features an extensive ensemble cast , including Anouk Aimée , Marcello Mastroianni , Sophia Loren , Kim Basinger , Stephen Rea , Lauren Bacall , Julia Roberts , Tim Robbins , Lili Taylor , Sally Kellerman , Tracey Ullman , Linda Hunt , Rupert Everett , Forest Whitaker , Richard E. Grant , Danny Aiello , Teri Garr , Lyle Lovett , Jean Rochefort , Michel Blanc , Jean-Pierre Cassel , Ute Lemper , Anne Canovas , and François Cluzet . The film may be best known for its many cameo appearances and its final scene which features two minutes of nude female models walking the catwalk .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "040d3fbf478f304cc3b978947bad5eb2", "text": "Susan Ursitti Susan Ursitti is an American actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "840dfcf6629125ce30a2a876b17fe7ce", "text": "Kate Rogal Kate Rogal ( born 1985 ) is an American actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47fc2756da4adfb13441eeab8f56564c", "text": "Elaine Devry Elaine Devry ( born Thelma Elaine Mahnken , January 10 , 1930 ) is an American actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7559f386347a96ffefc0df57e067f1b6", "text": "Sarah Smart Sarah Smart ( born 3 March 1977 ) is an English actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08828a823d57fd0a132f322a8020e083", "text": "Jessica Chastain Jessica Michelle Chastain ( born March 24 , 1977 ) is an American actress and film producer . Born in Carmichael , California , and raised in Sacramento , Chastain developed an interest in acting from a young age . In 1998 , she made her professional stage debut as Shakespeare 's Juliet . After studying acting at the Juilliard School , she was signed to a talent holding deal with the television producer John Wells . She was a recurring guest star in several television shows , including Law & Order : Trial by Jury . She also took on roles in the stage productions of Anton Chekhov 's play The Cherry Orchard in 2004 and Oscar Wilde 's tragedy Salome in 2006 . Chastain made her film debut in the drama Jolene ( 2008 ) , and gained wide recognition in 2011 for starring roles in half a dozen films , including the dramas Take Shelter and The Tree of Life . Her performance as an aspiring socialite in The Help earned her an Academy Award nomination . In 2012 , she won a Golden Globe Award and received a second Oscar nomination for playing a CIA agent in the thriller Zero Dark Thirty . Chastain made her Broadway debut in a revival of The Heiress in the same year . Her highest-grossing releases came with the science fiction films Interstellar ( 2014 ) and The Martian ( 2015 ) , as she continued to draw praise for her performances in the dramas The Disappearance of Eleanor Rigby ( 2013 ) , A Most Violent Year ( 2014 ) , and Miss Sloane ( 2016 ) . Chastain 's accolades include two Academy Award and British Academy Film Award nominations . She is known to prepare extensively for her roles . Chastain is the founder of the production company Freckle Films , which was created to promote diversity in film . She is vocal about social issues such as gender and racial equality , and mental health . Time magazine named her one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1bdf9e80f1f58bf13240b2d35eb42534", "text": "Pam Potillo Pamela `` Pam '' Potillo ( born April 30 , 1974 in Trenton , New Jersey ) is an American actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d7bd9f9bdac2af58d43937630af0fbd", "text": "Julie Ann Emery Julie Ann Emery ( born January 16 , 1975 ) is an American actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca37fbbe933ab2df49038ff9f2d73658", "text": "Gia Mantegna Gina `` Gia '' Cristine Mantegna ( born April 17 , 1990 ) is an American actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1a0523d6dee5d4e2370000872ca2deb4", "text": "Sasha Lane Sasha Bianca Lane ( born September 29 , 1995 ) is an American actress . She made her film debut in American Honey ( 2016 ) directed by Andrea Arnold .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "372bcd591bb7053658207f30034dd777", "text": "Allie Grant Allie Grant ( born February 14 , 1994 ) is an American film and television actress . She is best known for her role as Isabelle Hodes on the Showtime television series Weeds appearing in the series from 2005 to 2009 . She also co-starred as Lisa Shay on the ABC sitcom Suburgatory .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c08931a3823dd4048a181d7d1130379a", "text": "Kate Winslet filmography Kate Winslet is a British actress and singer who has appeared in numerous films and television series . Her film debut was as Juliet Hulme in the 1994 film Heavenly Creatures . She went on to appear in the later 1990s films Sense and Sensibility as Marianne Dashwood ( 1995 ) , which earned her a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress , Jude as Sue Bridehead ( 1996 ) , Hamlet as Ophelia ( 1996 ) and Titanic as Rose DeWitt Bukater ( 1997 ) . For her role in Titanic , it earned her Best Actress nominations for an Academy Award , Golden Globe and Screen Actors Guild Award . In the 2000s , she was cast in Enigma with Dougray Scott ( 2001 ) , Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind with Jim Carrey ( 2004 ) , Finding Neverland with Johnny Depp ( 2004 ) , The Holiday with Jack Black ( 2006 ) , The Reader with David Kross ( 2008 ) and Revolutionary Road with Leonardo DiCaprio ( 2008 ) , her second collaboration with him , the first being in Titanic . She won an Academy Award for Best Actress for her role in The Reader . She also lent her voice to the animated film Flushed Away in 2006 with Hugh Jackman . In 2011 , Winslet starred in the all-star cast films , in Contagion with Marion Cotillard , Matt Damon , Jude Law and Gwyneth Paltrow and in Carnage alongside Jodie Foster , Christoph Waltz and John C. Reilly . In 2014 , she played Jeanine Matthews in the first film of the series , Divergent , based on the novel of the same name . She reprised the role in the 2015 sequel Insurgent . In 2015 , she starred in titular role in The Dressmaker and as an ex marketing chief of Apple Joanna Hoffman in a biopic Steve Jobs , earning her seventh Oscar nomination . Her television work includes appearing in several episodes of the series Dark Season in 1991 , and three episodes on Get Back from 1992 to 1993 . In 2005 , she appeared in an episode of Extras as herself and received her first Emmy nomination and went on to win one for her portrayal of Mildred Pierce Beragon in Todd Haynes 's 2011 miniseries Mildred Pierce .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4bd45d14cb17358055dd13263b4011f9", "text": "Kate Michaels Kate Michaels ( born Kathleen Rebecca Hall , June 2 , 1969 ) is an American singer and actor specializing in big band/swing and musical theater .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b776a59ab51178c1c4c9085861f05b5", "text": "Kristin Davis Kristin Landen Davis ( also listed as Kristin Lee Davis ; born February 23 , 1965 ) is an American actress . She is known for playing Brooke Armstrong on the soap opera Melrose Place ( 1995 -- 1996 ) , and Charlotte York Goldenblatt on HBO 's Sex and the City ( 1998 -- 2004 ) . She received a 2004 Emmy Award nomination for her role as Charlotte , and reprised the role in the films , Sex and the City ( 2008 ) and Sex and the City 2 ( 2010 ) . Davis made her Broadway debut playing Mabel Cantwell in the 2012 revival of The Best Man , and her West End debut playing Beth Gallagher in the original 2014 stage production of Fatal Attraction .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b4d78ceb190d29baf35da7a7d7146f86", "text": "Kathleen Noone Kathleen Noone ( born Kathleen O'Meara , January 8 , 1945 ) is an American actress . She began her career as a singer in nightclubs and performed in musicals in off-Broadway stage , before making her television debut in the CBS daytime soap opera , As the World Turns ( 1975 -- 76 ) . From 1977 to 1989 , Noone played Ellen Shepherd Dalton on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children . For this role , she won Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series in 1987 . In 1990 , Noone moved to prime time , starring as villainous Claudia Whittaker in the CBS series , Knots Landing ( 1990 -- 1993 ) . She returned to daytime television as Bette Katzenkazrahi on NBC 's Sunset Beach ( 1997 -- 1999 ) , for which she received another Daytime Emmy Award nomination . She also has had the recurring roles on L.A. Law , Party of Five , According to Jim , and Dexter .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "77b65aef392540e34f2337403f122ee4", "text": "Chris Weitz Christopher John `` Chris '' Weitz ( born November 30 , 1969 ) is an American film producer , screenwriter , author , occasional actor , and film director . He is the brother of filmmaker Paul Weitz . He is best known for his work with his brother on the comedy films American Pie and About a Boy , the latter of which was Oscar-nominated for adapted screenplay . Weitz directed the film adaptation of the novel The Golden Compass and the film adaptation of New Moon from the series of Twilight books , as well wrote the screenplay for Disney 's 2015 live-action adaptation of Cinderella and co-wrote Rogue One : A Star Wars Story alongside with Tony Gilroy .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "4d8428111dd58c91f5940f1069a6c333", "text": "Weitbrecht Communications Weitbrecht Communications , Inc. ( WCI ) is a Santa Monica , California company that specializes in providing products for deaf people . The company was founded as Applied Communications around 1965 by Robert Weitbrecht and James C. Marsters based on Weitbrecht 's invention of the teleprinter at SRI International ( then Stanford Research Institute ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ed30370ab78d92777909cf1fe27d396", "text": "Chris Wright (basketball, born 1988) Chris Wright ( born September 30 , 1988 ) is an American professional basketball player for the Oklahoma City Blue of the NBA Development League . He played college basketball for the University of Dayton . He has previously played in the NBA for the Golden State Warriors and Milwaukee Bucks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0ea3cc6152564d1dfb018734d8ef8a36", "text": "Alex Kurtzman Alex Kurtzman ( born September 7 , 1973 ) is an American film and television writer , producer and director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aabb9c9f483679927d595ba833bc42ca", "text": "David A. Weitz David A. Weitz ( born October 3 , 1951 ) is a Canadian/American physicist and Mallinckrodt Professor of Physics & Applied Physics and professor of Systems Biology at Harvard University . He is the co-director of the BASF Advanced Research Initiative at Harvard , co-director of the Harvard Kavli Institute for Bionano Science & Technology , and director of the Harvard Materials Research Science & Engineering Center . He is best known for his work in the areas of diffusing-wave spectroscopy , microrheology , microfluidics , rheology , fluid mechanics , interface and colloid science , colloid chemistry , biophysics , complex fluids , soft condensed matter physics , phase transitions , the study of glass and amorphous solids , liquid crystals , self-assembly , surface-enhanced light scattering , and diffusion-limited aggregation . More recently , his laboratory has developed Force spectrum microscopy , which is capable of measuring random intracellular forces . As of July 2013 , he has a Hirsch index of 94 . Weitz received his B.Sc . in Physics from the University of Waterloo and his PhD in superconductivity from Harvard . He then worked as a research physicist at Exxon Research and Engineering for nearly 18 years , leading the Interfaces and Inhomogeneous Materials Group and Complex Fluids Area . He then became a Professor of Physics at the University of Pennsylvania , before moving to Harvard in 1999 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "272f601c4e7a65f9ef1773a6d1f0a277", "text": "Chris Walsh (politician) Chris Walsh ( born May 20 , 1951 ) is an American state legislator serving in the Massachusetts House of Representatives as a Democrat . Born in New York City , Walsh received his degree in architect from Rhode Island School of Design and is an architect . Walsh lives in Framingham , Massachusetts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa00980533cb61e695e70b636cfced60", "text": "Zach Weinersmith Zachary Alexander Weinersmith ( born Zachary Alexander Weiner ; March 5 , 1982 ) is an American cartoonist , who is best known for his webcomic Saturday Morning Breakfast Cereal ( SMBC ) . He is the author of two other webcomics , the completed Captain Stupendous with artist Chris Jones , and Snowflakes , co-written by James Ashby and also illustrated by Chris Jones . He also founded the sketch comedy group SMBC Theater with James Ashby and Marty Weiner in 2009 . Weinersmith has been involved in writing and drawing comics since his high school years , but he first published on the internet in the late 1990s . His early comics usually had three or more panels , but after 2002 , he switched to drawing predominantly one panel comics . He stated in a 2009 interview that he was glad to have decided to draw one panel comics because he felt three panel webcomics had become a webcomic cliche by that time , and that there were almost no decent one panel comics on the internet . More recently , he has drawn a mixture of single and multi panel comics for SMBC . Weinersmith 's webcomic was recognized in 2006 , and 2007 with the Web Cartoonists ' Choice Award for Outstanding Single Panel Comic , and received nominations in 2003 , and 2008 . He also cohosts the science podcast `` The Weekly Weinersmith '' along with his wife Kelly , a parasitologist , the first episode of which was released on October 5 , 2011 . As of October 2013 the podcast is on hiatus .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc3f4cfb64f5627a1d102932577c67ba", "text": "Chris Barz Chris Barz ( stylized as `` x | | z '' , pronounced X Z ) is an American musician . Chris began his love for music on a piano at the age of 3 . At the age of 11 he developed a passion for rapping , and freestyle cyphers which created a love for bars , rhyming and clever wordplay . Chris started recording songs on a boombox tape recorder . At the age of 12 he was introduced to an MPC2000 XL and started producing beats and writing songs in middle school . Chris played in many popular young go-go bands growing up in Prince George 's County , Maryland and the District of Columbia , including his own Go-Go band called `` Total Assault '' . One day , while headed to shoot a video , Chris was riding passenger of a vehicle that was struck by a truck and totaled . Surviving with minor injuries , only to be involved in a similar accident with a truck totaling the vehicle while riding to band practice in Washington D.C. a second time . Feeling like he had a third shot at life , Chris began to live a life dedicated to leaving a legacy through music . His first hip-hop/rap mixtape landed him as Complex magazine 's 10 New DMV Rappers to Watch Out For , XXL Magazine 's 15 DMV Artists You Need To Know , and The Washington Post . . His love for piano and composition has led him to score songs for movies and stage plays . The stage play `` 7 Layers Captive '' by Stacy Jewell Lewis won Best Play & Performance in Professional Theater and premiered at the John F Kennedy Center for Performing Arts . On Friday , November 27 , his collaboration with Chris Brown , the airy and sensual `` Just So You Know '' was released which was produced and written by the young virtuoso . Chris is planning to release his self-produced debut project `` Angels & Jets '' in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e4ef5028488c66e3f706dd901098bbad", "text": "Chris Booker Chris Booker ( born May 20 , 1971 ) is an American radio and TV personality .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e1ab5e614c52d63c413ed7b7df6e5a9", "text": "David Schütz David Schütz ( דוד שיץ , born August 5 , 1941 ) is an Israeli fiction writer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aee9341368b26586847db6b063905085", "text": "Chris Carlin Chris `` The Continent '' Carlin ( born September 16 , 1972 in Morristown , New Jersey ) is an American television and radio personality . Carlin is the co-host of Carlin & Reese on local Philadelphia sports radio station 94.1 WIP . Carlin joined the station in November 2016 , after 8 1/2 years on SNY , the TV home of the New York Mets . While at SNY , Carlin co-hosted Loud Mouths , a PTI-esque sports debate program from its inception on March 24 , 2008 until his departure . Also , he and on-air partner Bob Ojeda co-hosted pre - and post-game telecasts for New York Mets games on SNY for 5 seasons , from 2009-2013 . He also hosted SportsNite , SNY 's nightly New York sports recap program . Carlin is also the play-by-play voice for Rutgers football games , and from 2008-2016 he also called Rutgers Men 's Basketball games . He began at Rutgers as the sideline reporter for football in 2001 , and took over the play-by-play duties at Rutgers in 2004 when Tom McCarthy , the TV voice of the Philadelphia Phillies departed Rutgers . Carlin spent the first 13 years of his professional career at WFAN in New York . Beginning as an intern in 1995 , he worked his way up to producer for the legendary `` Mike & The Mad Dog Show , '' co-hosted by Mike Francesa & Christopher ` Mad Dog ' Russo . Carlin produced the show for 6 1/2 years , during which time his on air role grew with the station . He briefly hosted overnights , and served as sports anchor on the ` Imus in the Morning ' program ( 2005-2007 ) & `` Boomer & Carton '' program ( 2007-2008 . ) In addition , he hosted `` The Morning Warmup , '' a one-hour preshow for Boomer & Carton .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ddabac0f2cb6d72c0c5517e39b7c1a32", "text": "Obetz, Ohio Obetz is a village in Franklin County , Ohio , United States . The population was 4,532 at the 2010 census . The community ( originally `` Obetz Junction '' , in honor of settler Charles Obetz ) was formed in 1838 as a stagecoach junction , and incorporated in 1928 . Nearby `` Reese Station '' served as the railroad station for the immediate area , while other adjacent communities such as Groveport , Lockbourne and Canal Winchester were part of the Ohio and Erie Canal canal and lock system . The close proximity of Obetz Junction to these terminal towns transformed the area into a hub of commerce , travel and trade in mid-19th century . Communities such as Obetz and its neighbors , with their strong ties to transportation helped to further cement Central and Columbus , Ohio 's status as the state capital .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "00b41e3137a9ca7260a7547883bd7f58", "text": "Michael Weidt Michael Weidt ( born 22 February 1946 ) is a German photographer . He is known , in particular , for his portraits of East German theatre and movie stars . His repertoire has also covered the worlds of music , dance and the visual arts more generally . Weidt grew up in the German Democratic Republic ( East Germany ) . Early in 1964 , aged just 18 , he attempted an escape to West Berlin in order to be reunited with his grandmother who had brought him up during his early childhood , and whom he badly missed . The escape attempt failed , but Weidt survived .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54c9925091292e9d09f2fb6ce4ad41e7", "text": "Lisa Weiß Lisa Weiß ( born 29 October 1987 ) is a German footballer . She currently plays for SGS Essen and the German national team .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "99c7ad01b44efd84c5ee7944b3f786f9", "text": "Chris Higgins (musician) Christopher Higgins , best known by his stage name Chris X-13 Higgins ( born September 23 , 1972 ) , is an American musician , former backup guitar/vocal/keyboard / percussion player in the punk rock band The Offspring from 1994 to 2005 . He provided backing vocals for Offspring 's studio albums between Americana and Rise and Fall , Rage and Grace . During his 11 years with the band , he performed live with the Offspring on tour , and made an appearance in the music video for `` Why Do n't You Get a Job ? '' . When the Offspring was not on the road Higgins ran the lead singer 's studio and produced the demo recording of upcoming Offspring albums . Higgins also played guitar and did some vocals in the bands Gentleman Jack , All the Madmen ( Wopking Class Zeroes ) and Good Kitty . As of 2005 , he is no longer with The Offspring on the tour but he did backup vocals on Rise and Fall , Rage and Grace . It is said that he needs more time with his church and family . He is currently involved in digital media and visual communications at St. John 's Lutheran Church of Orange .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e0a05de5a730d73a1ea32e12d6ae91e", "text": "Robert L. Fantz Robert Lowell Fantz ( 1925 -- 1981 ) was an American developmental psychologist who pioneered several studies into infant perception . In particular , the preferential looking paradigm introduced by Fantz in the 1960s is widely used in cognitive development and categorization studies among small babies . Working at the Case Western Reserve University , Fantz introduced in 1958 the visual preference paradigm - showing that infants look longer at patterned ( e.g. checkered ) images rather than uniform images . An innovation in this task was the measurement of the duration of the infant gaze rather than just the direction of first gaze . In 1964 , Fantz extended this idea to habituation situations , to show that over multiple exposures to the same and a different image , the infant gradually exhibited a preference for the novel stimulus . The researcher could now estimate an infant 's discriminatory and perceptual capability by showing different images in highly controlled situations , often within a stagelike box , and observing which changes in the scenarios the infant would perceive as novel . The American Psychological Foundation has instituted the annual Robert Fantz Memorial Award for research in `` perceptual-cognitive development and the development of selective attention '' ; and also `` development of individuality , creativity , and free-choice of behavior . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d7ffcd694dce5413d91ad97eb25ba981", "text": "Josh Weinstein Josh Weinstein ( born May 5 , 1966 ) is an American television writer and producer , known for his work on the animated comedy series The Simpsons . Weinstein and Bill Oakley became best friends and writing partners at St. Albans High School ; Weinstein then attended Stanford University and was editor-in-chief of the Stanford Chaparral . He worked on several short-term media projects , including writing for the variety show Sunday Best , but was then unemployed for a long period . Weinstein and Oakley eventually penned a spec script for Seinfeld , after which they wrote `` Marge Gets a Job '' , an episode of The Simpsons . Subsequently , the two were hired to write for the show on a permanent basis in 1992 . After they wrote episodes such as `` $ pringfield ( Or , How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Legalized Gambling ) '' , `` Bart vs. Australia '' and `` Who Shot Mr. Burns ? '' , the two were appointed executive producers and showrunners for the seventh and eighth seasons of the show . They attempted to include several emotional episodes focusing on the Simpson family , as well as several high-concept episodes such as `` Homer 's Enemy '' , `` Two Bad Neighbors '' and `` The Principal and the Pauper '' , winning three Primetime Emmy Awards for their work . After they left The Simpsons , Oakley and Weinstein created Mission Hill . The show was plagued by promotional issues and was swiftly canceled . They worked as consulting producers on Futurama , then created The Mullets in 2003 . The two wrote several unsuccessful TV pilots , and were due to serve as showrunners on Sit Down , Shut Up in 2009 . Oakley left the project over a contract dispute , but Weinstein remained until it was canceled . He co-produced and wrote for Futurama again during its Comedy Central revival , winning an Emmy in 2011 . Since 2013 , Weinstein has served as showrunner for the CBBC series Strange Hill High . He has also served as a writer for Season Two of Gravity Falls , co-writing nine of the season 's episodes . Weinstein is married to journalist Lisa Simmons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a198a1919f290c086c4119b7b9f11823", "text": "Chris Myers Christopher Patrick `` Chris '' Myers ( born March 28 , 1959 ) is an American sportscaster . A native of Miami , FL with more than 20 years in broadcasting , he has covered premiere events , including the Super Bowl , World Series , NBA Finals , NCAA Final Four , The Masters and U.S. Open ( golf ) , Triple Crown , the Olympics , and the Daytona 500 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f242fef82cf8966ff26dd054541d8180", "text": "Andrew Weinberg Andrew Weinberg ( born 1976 ) is an American television writer , known for his work on Late Night with Conan O'Brien and The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien . He is also a co-creator and co-writer of the television series Eagleheart ( TV series ) . The quarter-hour series is a parody of action crime dramas like Walker , Texas Ranger and originated in Conan O'Brien 's Conaco Prods .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f60409ebbd9cc8dd6b84d2167991f223", "text": "Chris Webber Mayce Edward Christopher `` Chris '' Webber III ( born March 1 , 1973 ) is an American retired professional basketball player . He is a five-time NBA All-Star , a five-time All-NBA Team member , a former NBA Rookie of the Year , and a former number one overall NBA draftee . As a collegiate athlete , he was a first-team All-American and led the Michigan Wolverines ' 1991 incoming freshman class known as the Fab Five that reached the 1992 and 1993 NCAA Men 's Division I Basketball Championship games as freshmen and sophomores . However , Webber was indicted by a federal grand jury and stripped of his All-American honors by the NCAA as a result of his direct involvement in the Ed Martin scandal . He is also a former National High School Basketball Player of the Year who led his high school Detroit Country Day to three Michigan State High School Basketball Championships . He also played middle school basketball at Riverside Middle School at Dearborn Heights , Michigan where he won a city championship there in 1986 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "737478575a3f1e2c871b831ec454d72c", "text": "Steven Weinstein (ice hockey) For the American professional bridge and poker player , see Steve Weinstein . Steven Weinstein ( born August 13 , 1990 ) is an American professional ice hockey defenseman currently playing for the South Carolina Stingrays of the ECHL .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "2ff771d1869f4934a9972f463fd1626e", "text": "Ireland Ireland ( -LSB- ˈaɪərlənd -RSB- Éire -LSB- ˈeːɾʲə -RSB- ; Ulster-Scots : Airlann -LSB- - scoˈɑːrlən -RSB- ) is an island in the North Atlantic . It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel , the Irish Sea , and St George 's Channel . Ireland is the second-largest island of the British Isles , the third-largest in Europe , and the twentieth-largest on Earth . Politically , Ireland is divided between the Republic of Ireland ( officially named Ireland ) , which covers five-sixths of the island , and Northern Ireland , which is part of the United Kingdom , in the northeast of the island . In 2011 , the population of Ireland was about 6.4 million , ranking it the second-most populous island in Europe after Great Britain . Just under 4.6 million live in the Republic of Ireland and just over 1.8 million live in Northern Ireland . The island 's geography comprises relatively low-lying mountains surrounding a central plain , with several navigable rivers extending inland . The island has lush vegetation , a product of its mild but changeable climate which avoids extremes in temperature . Thick woodlands covered the island until the Middle Ages . As of 2013 , the amount of land that is wooded in Ireland is about 11 % of the total , compared with a European average of 35 % . There are twenty-six extant mammal species native to Ireland . The Irish climate is very moderate and classified as oceanic . As a result , winters are milder than expected for such a northerly area . However , summers are cooler than those in Continental Europe . Rainfall and cloud cover are abundant . The earliest evidence of human presence in Ireland is dated at 10,500 BC . Gaelic Ireland had emerged by the 1st century CE . The island was Christianised from the 5th century onward . Following the Norman invasion in the 12th century , England claimed sovereignty over Ireland . However , English rule did not extend over the whole island until the 16th -- 17th century Tudor conquest , which led to colonisation by settlers from Britain . In the 1690s , a system of Protestant English rule was designed to materially disadvantage the Catholic majority and Protestant dissenters , and was extended during the 18th century . With the Acts of Union in 1801 , Ireland became a part of the United Kingdom . A war of independence in the early 20th century was followed by the partition of the island , creating the Irish Free State , which became increasingly sovereign over the following decades , and Northern Ireland , which remained a part of the United Kingdom . Northern Ireland saw much civil unrest from the late 1960s until the 1990s . This subsided following a political agreement in 1998 . In 1973 the Republic of Ireland joined the European Economic Community while the United Kingdom , and Northern Ireland , as part of it , did the same . Irish culture has had a significant influence on other cultures , especially in the fields of literature . Alongside mainstream Western culture , a strong indigenous culture exists , as expressed through Gaelic games , Irish music , and the Irish language . The culture of the island also shares many features with that of Great Britain , including the English language , and sports such as association football , rugby , horse racing , and golf .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "77733066a7658e6aedc9289686930d89", "text": "Europe Europe is a continent that comprises the westernmost part of Eurasia . Europe is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north , the Atlantic Ocean to the west , and the Mediterranean Sea to the south . The eastern boundary with Asia is a historical and cultural construct , as there is no clear physical and geographical separation between them ; Europe is generally considered as separated from Asia by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains , the Ural River , the Caspian and Black Seas , and the waterways of the Turkish Straits . Yet the non-oceanic borders of Europe -- a concept dating back to classical antiquity -- are arbitrary . The primarily physiographic term `` continent '' as applied to Europe also incorporates cultural and political elements whose discontinuities are not always reflected by the continent 's current overland boundaries . Europe covers about 10,180,000 km2 , or 2 % of the Earth 's surface ( 6.8 % of land area ) . Politically , Europe is divided into about fifty sovereign states of which the Russian Federation is the largest and most populous , spanning 39 % of the continent and comprising 15 % of its population . Europe had a total population of about 740 million ( about 11 % of world population ) . The European climate is largely affected by warm Atlantic currents that temper winters and summers on much of the continent , even at latitudes along which the climate in Asia and North America is severe . Further from the sea , seasonal differences are more noticeable than close to the coast . Europe , in particular ancient Greece , was the birthplace of Western civilization . The fall of the Western Roman Empire , during the migration period , marked the end of ancient history and the beginning of an era known as the Middle Ages . Renaissance humanism , exploration , art , and science led to the modern era . From the Age of Discovery onwards , Europe played a predominant role in global affairs . Between the 16th and 20th centuries , European powers controlled at various times the Americas , most of Africa , Oceania , and the majority of Asia . The Industrial Revolution , which began in Great Britain at the end of the 18th century , gave rise to radical economic , cultural , and social change in Western Europe , and eventually the wider world . Both world wars took place for the most part in Europe , contributing to a decline in Western European dominance in world affairs by the mid-20th century as the Soviet Union and the United States took prominence . During the Cold War , Europe was divided along the Iron Curtain between NATO in the west and the Warsaw Pact in the east , until the revolutions of 1989 and fall of the Berlin Wall . In 1955 , the Council of Europe was formed following a speech by Sir Winston Churchill , with the idea of unifying Europe to achieve common goals . It includes all states except for Belarus , Kazakhstan and Vatican City . Further European integration by some states led to the formation of the European Union , a separate political entity that lies between a confederation and a federation . The EU originated in Western Europe but has been expanding eastward since the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991 . The currency of most countries of the European Union , the euro , is the most commonly used among Europeans ; and the EU 's Schengen Area abolishes border and immigration controls among most of its member states . The European Anthem is `` Ode to Joy '' and states celebrate peace and unity on Europe Day .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5104514593f0c5abb7fa4708547a8560", "text": "Atlantic Ocean The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world 's oceans with a total area of about 106,460,000 km2 . It covers approximately 20 percent of the Earth 's surface and about 29 percent of its water surface area . It separates the `` Old World '' from the `` New World '' . The Atlantic Ocean occupies an elongated , S-shaped basin extending longitudinally between Eurasia and Africa to the east , and the Americas to the west . As one component of the interconnected global ocean , it is connected in the north to the Arctic Ocean , to the Pacific Ocean in the southwest , the Indian Ocean in the southeast , and the Southern Ocean in the south ( other definitions describe the Atlantic as extending southward to Antarctica ) . The Equatorial Counter Current subdivides it into the North Atlantic Ocean and South Atlantic Ocean at about 8 ° N. Scientific explorations of the Atlantic include the Challenger expedition , the German Meteor expedition , Columbia University 's Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory and the United States Navy Hydrographic Office .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "bfa05c710406bb57747c1370131af931", "text": "Protohistory of Ireland Ireland can be said to have had a protohistorical period , when , in prehistory , the literate cultures of Greece and Rome began to take notice of it , and a further proto-literate period of ogham epigraphy , before the early historical period began in the 5th century . Attempts have been made to reconstruct the political developments of this period by reference to early medieval Irish genealogical texts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "63f445c524898c08120c6a12cbd93df8", "text": "Irish population analysis The population of the Island of Ireland in 2016 was approximately 6.6 million comprising 4.75 million in the Republic of Ireland with another 1.85 million in Northern Ireland . Although this is a significant growth over recent years , it is still some way below the record high of the early 1840s . Between 1780 and 1840 , Ireland experienced rapid population growth , rising from about 3 million in 1780 to over 8 million by 1840 . In 1841 , the population of the area now covering the Republic of Ireland was over 6.5 million people . The subsequent Great Famine and the emigration it caused had a dramatic effect , so that by 1871 , the 26-county population had dropped by over a third to four million , and by 1926 had reduced further to three million . It held firm around three million until the early 1970s , when the population began to rise again . Future predictions are for the population to continue to rise until 2031 when it is predicted to be just over five million . The Republic of Ireland is one of the few remaining developed economies to have growth of this scale . Below are some statistics to illustrate the rise , fall and rise again of the population since 1841 . The statistics also illustrate a massive population shift from the west to the east of the country and increasing urbanisation . Counties such as Mayo , Roscommon , Donegal and Leitrim have become depopulated while counties surrounding Dublin including Wicklow , Kildare , Louth and Meath have seen rapid population growth in recent years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f20fc9d1bc9644a9470093085bcb4eb5", "text": "Official Ireland `` Official Ireland '' is a term widely used in the Republic of Ireland to denote The Establishment . It refers to the most powerful figures in the media , the Catholic Church , and the political parties , who control the national debate . It generally denotes support for Irish nationalism , private property , the Catholic Church , the Irish language and rural life .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7aab0b77f3f215fcb4bfd7223bde2c4f", "text": "List of settlements on the island of Ireland by population This is a list of the 25 largest towns and cities on the island of Ireland by population . It therefore includes towns and cities in both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland . The population figures listed are for the urban area centered around each settlement excluding areas that fall within the boundary of another town or city . The figures for Northern Ireland towns are based on the 2011 Northern Ireland Census , while the figures for towns in the Republic are based on the 2006 Census of Ireland , and cities in the Republic of Ireland are based on the 2016 Census of Ireland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a6b1c4713db668bc14c2ea0b8bc074f7", "text": "Dublin Airport Dublin Airport , ( Aerfort Bhaile Átha Cliath ) , is an international airport serving Dublin , the capital city of Ireland . It is operated by DAA ( formerly Dublin Airport Authority ) . The airport is located 5.4 nmi north of Dublin in Collinstown , Fingal . In 2016 , 27.9 million passengers passed through the airport , making it the airport 's busiest year on record . It is the 16th busiest airport in Europe , and is also the busiest of the state 's airports by total passenger traffic . It has the greatest traffic levels on the island of Ireland , followed by Belfast International Airport , County Antrim . The airport has an extensive short and medium haul network , served by an array of carriers , as well as some intercontinental routes focused in the Middle East and North America . It serves as the headquarters of Ireland 's flag carrier -- Aer Lingus , regional airline Stobart Air , Europe 's largest low-cost carrier -- Ryanair , and ASL Airlines Ireland , together with another two airlines , CityJet and Norwegian Air International . United States border preclearance services are available at the airport for U.S.-bound passengers . Shannon Airport is the only other airport in Europe to offer this facility .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "99c53ebee82e3d775e7eff0df185d50e", "text": "Message to the Free Nations of the World In 1919 the First Dáil of the Irish Republic issued a Message to the Free Nations of the World ( Scéal ó Dháil Éireann chum Saor-Náisiún an Domhain , Appel aux Nations ) . The message was approved by Dáil Éireann on 21 January 1919 . It asked nations to recognise Ireland as a separate nation , free from British rule . It was adopted in three languages : Irish , English and French . Little attention was paid to it by the free nations as World War I was ending . An Armistice had been signed , but the war technically ended with the Treaty of Versailles which was signed in June 1919 . Britain assured its fellow-victors that the situation in Ireland would be dealt with under the new principles of self-determination , and so significant Irish support in America was negated by President Wilson who would not recognise the sovereignty of the Irish Republic . The British solution was enacted in 1920 as the Government of Ireland Act 1920 . The Irish Republic was not recognised by any other state .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1361dc9a8eb09232596a04de06217bf", "text": "List of Irish counties by population This is a list of counties of Ireland ordered by population . Counties in the Republic of Ireland are shown in normal type , while those in Northern Ireland are listed in italic type . Non-traditional administrative counties are indicated by a cream-coloured background . For a more detailed analysis of current and historical Irish populations in the Republic of Ireland , see Irish population analysis . The population of the six counties of Northern Ireland as of 2011 is 1,810,863 which would mean a total population on the island of Ireland as of 2016 of approximately 6,568,839 Data source/age ( as-of July 2016 ) : Taken from latest Census Data for Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland . Population data for counties in the Republic of Ireland is based on preliminary data from census 2016 . Population data for counties in Northern Ireland is based on census 2011 . The previous census for the Republic of Ireland was taken in 2011 , the previous census for Northern Ireland was taken in 2001 . Density : Based on census 2016 -RCB- 5.7 % | - | align = right | 2 | Antrim | align = right | 618,108 | align = right | 202.9 | Ulster | 1.8 % | - | align = right | 3 | Cork | align = right | 542,196 | align = right | 72.3 | Munster | 4.5 % | - | align = right | 4 | Down | align = right | 531,665 | align = right | 215.6 | Ulster | 8.7 % | - style = `` background : #f 5f5d3 ; '' | align = right | - | Fingal | align = right | 296,214 | align = right | 651.6 | Leinster | 8.1 % | - style = `` background : #f 5f5d3 ; '' | align = right | - | South Dublin | align = right | 278,749 | align = right | 1,251.5 | Leinster | 5.1 % | - | align = right | 5 | Galway | align = right | 258,552 | align = right | 42.0 | Connacht | 3.2 % | - | align = right | 6 | Londonderry | align = right | 247,132 | align = right | 119.1 | Ulster | 4.8 % | - | align = right | 7 | Kildare | align = right | 222,130 | align = right | 131.0 | Leinster | 5.6 % | - style = `` background : #f 5f5d3 ; '' | align = right | - | Dún Laoghaire -- Rathdown | align = right | 217,274 | align = right | 1,706.7 | Leinster | 5.3 % | - | align = right | 8 | Limerick | align = right | 195,175 | align = right | 70.8 | Munster | 1.8 % | - | align = right | 9 | Meath | align = right | 194,942 | align = right | 83.2 | Leinster | 5.9 % | - | align = right | 10 | Tyrone | align = right | 179,000 | align = right | 54.5 | Ulster | 8.4 % | - | align = right | 11 | Armagh | align = right | 174,792 | align = right | 131.8 | Ulster | 7.3 % | - | align = right | 12 | Tipperary | align = right | 160,441 | align = right | 37.2 | Munster | 1.1 % | - | align = right | 13 | Donegal | align = right | 158,755 | align = right | 32.6 | Ulster | -1.5 % | - | align = right | 14 | Wexford | align = right | 149,605 | align = right | 63.2 | Leinster | 2.9 % | - | align = right | 15 | Kerry | align = right | 147,554 | align = right | 30.7 | Munster | 1.4 % | - | align = right | 16 | Wicklow | align = right | 142,332 | align = right | 70.2 | Leinster | 4.2 % | - | align = right | 17 | Mayo | align = right | 130,425 | align = right | 23.3 | Connacht | -0.2 % | - | align = right | 18 | Louth | align = right | 128,375 | align = right | 155.4 | Leinster | 4.5 % | - | align = right | 19 | Clare | align = right | 118,627 | align = right | 34.4 | Munster | 1.2 % | - | align = right | 20 | Waterford | align = right | 116,401 | align = right | 62.7 | Munster | 2.3 % | - | align = right | 21 | Kilkenny | align = right | 99,118 | align = right | 47.8 | Leinster | 3.9 % | - | align = right | 22 | Westmeath | align = right | 88,396 | align = right | 48.0 | Leinster | 2.6 % | - | align = right | 23 | Laois | align = right | 84,732 | align = right | 49.3 | Leinster | 5.2 % | - | align = right | 24 | Offaly | align = right | 78,003 | align = right | 38.9 | Leinster | 1.7 % | - | align = right | 25 | Cavan | align = right | 76,092 | align = right | 39.3 | Ulster | 4.0 % | - | align = right | 26 | Sligo | align = right | 65,357 | align = right | 35.5 | Connacht | -0.1 % | - | align = right | 27 | Roscommon | align = right | 64,436 | align = right | 25.3 | Connacht | 0.6 % | - | align = right | 28 | Fermanagh | align = right | 61,170 | align = right | 36.1 | Ulster | 6.3 % | - | align = right | 29 | Monaghan | align = right | 61,273 | align = right | 47.3 | Ulster | 1.3 % | - | align = right | 30 | Carlow | align = right | 56,875 | align = right | 63.4 | Leinster | 4.1 % | - | align = right | 31 | Longford | align = right | 40,810 | align = right | 37.4 | Leinster | 4.6 % | - | align = right | 32 | Leitrim | align = right | 31,972 | align = right | 20.1 | Connacht | 0.5 % | - | align = right | | Average | align = right | 205,276 | align = right | | | | - | Total | Ireland | align = right | 6,568,839 | align = right | 77.8 | | | -RCB-", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0dd99727fad6d40d9161eadcb635adc1", "text": "Cicolluis Cicolluis or Cicoluis ( also known as Cicollus , Cicolus , Cicollui , and Cichol ) is a god in Celtic mythology worshiped by the ancient Gaulish peoples and having a parallel in Ireland . The name is Gaulish and means `` All-Breast '' or `` Great-Breasted '' and is probably used to signify strength . In the Gallo-Roman religion , Cicolluis is thought to be a common epithet for Gaulish Mars . A Latin dedicatory inscription from Narbonne ( which was in the far south of Gaul ) , France , bears the words MARTI CICOLLUI ET LITAVI ( `` Mars Cicolluis and Litavis '' ) . , `` Mars Cicolluis '' has dedications in Xanten , Germany , and Aignay-le-Duc ( where his consort is given as Litavis ) and Mâlain ( where his consorts are given as Litavis and Bellona , Roman goddess and personification of war ) of the Côte-d'Or , France . `` Cicolluis '' is named alone ( not as an epithet of Mars ) in an inscription at Chassey , Côte-d'Or , Franche-Comté , France , and a partial inscription from Ruffey-lès-Echirey , Côte-d'Or , France , may be dedicated to Cicolluis . In Windisch , Switzerland , he is known as `` Cicollus , '' and in Dijon , Côte-d'Or , France , he is known as `` Mars Cicoluis . '' Cicolluis may also be compared to Cichol or Cíocal Gricenchos , the earliest-mentioned leader of the Fomorians or Fomóiri ( the semi-divine initial inhabitants of Ireland ) in Irish mythology . According to the seventeenth-century Irish historian Seathrún Céitinn ( also known by the English name Geoffrey Keating ) , Cichol arrived in Ireland with fifty men and fifty women on six boats a hundred years after the Flood . There , his people lived on fish and fowl for two hundred years until Partholón and his people ( who brought the plough and oxen ) invaded and defeated the Fomorians in the Battle of Magh Ithe . Cicolluis 's name is most likely derived from the reconstructed proto-Celtic roots * k-kƒ ( `` breast , '' but also yields the insular Celtic words for `` meat , '' such as Irish cich -LSB- `` flesh '' -RSB- ) , Welsh cig -LSB- `` meat/flesh '' -RSB- and * olyo - ( `` all , '' `` whole , '' or `` every '' ) ; this leads to the translation `` All-Breast '' or `` Great-Breasted . '' This likely epithet for strength might relate with Cichol as leader of the Fomorians . Therefore , Cicolluis may have been identified with the warrior aspect of Roman Mars and may have been a protective deity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "513151d4a8c8255a0c7a11a2bfc6329e", "text": "Canada–Ireland relations Canada -- Ireland relations are those between Canada and Republic of Ireland . Canada and Ireland enjoy friendly relations , the importance of which centres on the history of Irish migration to Canada and the two countries ' shared history as parts of the British Empire . Approximately 4.5 million Canadians claimed to have Irish ancestors ( approximately 14 % of Canada 's population ) . Both nations are mutual members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development , United Nations and the World Trade Organization .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42edafb91d0d6bf41db9f8d91a17212c", "text": "Kingdom of Great Britain The United Kingdom of Great Britain , officially Great Britain , was a sovereign state in western Europe from 1 May 1707 to 31 December 1800 . The state came into being following the Treaty of Union in 1706 , ratified by the Acts of Union 1707 , which united the kingdoms of England and Scotland to form a single kingdom encompassing the whole island of Great Britain and its outlying islands . It did not include Ireland , which remained a separate realm . The unitary state was governed by a single parliament and government that was based in Westminster . The former kingdoms had been in personal union since James VI , King of Scots , became King of England and King of Ireland in 1603 following the death of Queen Elizabeth I , bringing about a `` Union of the Crowns '' . Also after the accession of George I to the throne of Great Britain in 1714 , the kingdom was in a personal union with the Electorate of Hanover . The early years of the unified kingdom were marked by Jacobite risings which ended in defeat for the Stuart cause at Culloden in 1746 . Later on in 1763 , victory in the Seven Years ' War led to the dominance of the British Empire , which was to become the foremost global power for over a century and later grew to become the largest empire in history . On 1 January 1801 , the kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland were merged to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland . In 1922 , five-sixths of Ireland seceded from the United Kingdom and the state was renamed the `` United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland '' -- a title it has retained to date .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7319044f715d7a7258f5a1c6a08cb8d5", "text": "Irish Americans Irish Americans ( Gael-Mheiriceánaigh ) are an ethnic group comprising Americans who have full or partial ancestry from Ireland , especially those who identify with that ancestry , along with their cultural characteristics . About 33.3 million Americans -- 10.5 % of the total population -- reported Irish ancestry in the 2013 American Community Survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau . This compares with a population of 6.4 million on the island of Ireland . Three million people separately identified as Scots-Irish , whose ancestors were Ulster Scots who emigrated from Ireland to the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f3e40c56ebe912298cfcecda0b38d172", "text": "Owey Island Owey Island is an island of the Atlantic Ocean belonging to County Donegal , Ireland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84ce5806b1c112e7c09c8afb69c4d349", "text": "Mag Mell In Irish mythology , Mag Mell ( modern spelling : Magh Meall , meaning `` plain of joy '' ) was a mythical realm achievable through death and/or glory . Unlike the underworld in some mythologies , Mag Mell was a pleasurable paradise , identified as either an island far to the west of Ireland or a kingdom beneath the ocean . However , Mag Mell was similar to the fields of Elysium in Greek mythology , and like the fields of Elysium , was accessible only to a select few . Furthermore , Mag Mell , like the numerous other mystical islands said to be off the coast of Ireland , was never explicitly stated in any surviving mythological account to be an afterlife . Rather , it is usually portrayed as a paradisal location populated by deities , which is occasionally visited by some adventurous mortals . In its island guise it was visited by various Irish heroes and monks forming the basis of the Adventure Myth or `` echtrae '' as defined by Myles Dillon in his book Early Irish Literature . This otherworld is a place where sickness and death do not exist . It is a place of eternal youth and beauty . Here , music , strength , life and all pleasurable pursuits come together in a single place . Here happiness lasts forever , no one wants for food or drink . It is the Irish equivalent of the Greek Elysium or the Valhalla of the Norse . Legends say its ruler is the Fomorian King Tethra , or more frequently Manannan mac Lir . Mag Mell 's allure extended from the pagan era to Christian times . In later stories , the realm is less an afterlife destination than an Earthly Paradise which adventurers could reach by traveling west from Ireland , often blown off course by providential tempests while on an inspired mission . They typically explore many other fantastic islands before reaching their destination and returning home ( or sailing on ) . Among these voyagers are St. Brendan , Bran mac Febal ( see The Voyage of Bran ) , and Mael Dúin . Irish monks , being celebrated sailors , doubtless inspired such stories and were inspired by them . They reached and colonized any number of faraway islands , and St. Brendan is even speculated to have reached the New World a thousand years before Columbus .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8ed77dcf3a8a56fd7babbdc4a2a5a1a", "text": "Continental Europe Continental Europe , also referred to as mainland Europe , or , by Europeans , simply the Continent , is the continuous continent of Europe , excluding surrounding islands . The most common definition of continental Europe excludes continental islands , encompassing the Greek Islands , Cyprus , Malta , Sicily , Sardinia , Corsica , the Balearic Islands , Ireland , Great Britain , the Isle of Man , the Channel Islands , Novaya Zemlya and the Danish archipelago , as well as nearby oceanic islands , including the Canary Islands , Madeira , the Azores , Iceland , the Faroe Islands , and Svalbard . The Scandinavian peninsula is sometimes also excluded , as even though it is technically part of `` mainland Europe '' , the de facto connections to the rest of the continent are across the Baltic Sea or North Sea ( rather than via the lengthy land route that involves travelling to the north of the peninsula where it meets Finland , and then south through north-east Europe ) . The notion of Europe as a geopolitical or cultural term is centred on core Europe ( Kerneuropa ) , the continental territory of the historical Carolingian Empire and the core of Latin Christendom , corresponding to modern France , Italy , Germany ( or German-speaking Europe ) and the Benelux states ( historical Austrasia ) . This historical core of `` Carolingian Europe '' was consciously invoked in the 1950s as the historical ethno-cultural basis for the prospective European integration ( see also Multi-speed Europe ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b2483a01841e6e766b96f874922e31d", "text": "List of places in Ireland This is a list of places in Ireland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "096fede1050a2d4d26a7fe6083abcd0c", "text": "Met Éireann Met Éireann ( -LSB- mʲɛtʲ ˈeːrʲən̪ˠ -RSB- , meaning `` Met of Ireland '' ) is the national meteorological service in Ireland , part of the Department of Housing , Planning , Community and Local Government .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "326c38fc966b79faa41c8aff1f61e39d", "text": "Ireland's Eye Ireland 's Eye is a small uninhabited island off the coast of County Dublin , Ireland , situated directly north of Howth Harbour . The island is easily reached by regular tourist boats . The island is currently part of the county of Fingal , for administrative purposes , but was at one time part of the city of Dublin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9532bb251dbcb30f22ae6bfaaa00c3f1", "text": "Loígis Loígis -LSB- ˈloiɣʲisʲ -RSB- was a kingdom in medieval Ireland that existed into the 16th century .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "61206b764e1fe69db4c006e2524750cf", "text": "The Ireland That We Dreamed Of `` On Language & the Irish Nation '' , was the title of a radio address made by Éamon de Valera , then Taoiseach of Ireland , on Raidió Éireann on St. Patrick 's Day ( 17 March ) 1943 . It is often called The Ireland that we dreamed of , a phrase which is used within it , or the `` comely maidens '' ' speech , a misquotation . The speech marked the 50th anniversary of the foundation of the Gaelic League ( Conradh na Gaeilge ) , a group promoting Irish culture and the Irish language . In the most frequently quoted passage of the speech , de Valera set out his vision of an ideal Ireland : De Valera had made an annual radio speech on St Patrick 's Day since coming to power after the 1932 election . At the time the 1943 speech was made , the Second World War was raging and the threat of German invasion ( Operation Green ) or British re-occupation ( Plan W ) was very real . The 1943 speech in later years has been critiqued and often derided as archetypal of de Valera 's traditionalist view of an isolationist , agricultural land where women held a traditional role . The phrase most commonly cited in this regard is the misquotation `` comely maidens dancing at the crossroads '' . The speech in fact made no mention of crossroads dances , a rural tradition then dying out . Although de Valera actually said `` happy maidens '' in the broadcast , the phrase was `` comely maidens '' in the prepared text sent in advance to the newspapers , printed in the following day 's Irish Press , and reprinted in Maurice Moynihan 's 1980 anthology . It was a double LP record of speeches from the RTÉ archives , released in 1982 on the centenary of his birth , which brought the correct wording back to public notice . In 2007 , J. J. Lee and Diarmaid Ferriter argued for a reappraisal of the speech in the light of the Celtic Tiger consumption bubble and the Moriarty Tribunal revelations of corruption by 1980s Taoiseach Charles Haughey . Lee suggested de Valera 's `` Victorian language '' gave his vision an antiquated tone that hid the continuing relevance of much of its vision . Ferriter called it `` the most famous broadcast by any Irish politician of the twentieth century '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "616762acc57d4145284dfdb37fc1b022", "text": "Demographics of Sri Lanka This article is about the demographic features of the population of Sri Lanka , including population density , ethnicity , education level , health of the populace , economic status , religious affiliations and other aspects of the population . Sri Lanka is an island in the Indian Ocean also called Ceylon and many other names . It is about the size of Ireland . It is about 28 kilometres ( 18 mi . ) off the south-eastern coast of India with a population of about 20 million . Density is highest in the south west where Colombo , the country 's main port and industrial center , is located . The net population growth is about 0.7 % . Sri Lanka is ethnically , linguistically , and religiously diverse .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "feceb56b7c9bb419d5a28a375e08d072", "text": "G-Dragon Kwon Ji-yong ( ; born August 18 , 1988 ) , better known by his stage name G-Dragon , is a South Korean rapper , singer-songwriter , record producer , and fashion icon . After six years as a trainee under the record label YG Entertainment , G-Dragon rose to fame in the mid-2000s as one of two rappers in the South Korean hip hop boy band Big Bang . Despite initial lukewarm receptions , the group became one of the best-selling digital group of all-time in Asia and one of the best-selling boy bands in the world . G-Dragon debuted as a solo artist with the release of Heartbreaker in 2009 . The album was a commercial success and earned the Mnet Asian Music Awards for Album of the Year , while the single of the same name became a number-one hit . G-Dragon later formed a duo with fellow Big Bang member T.O.P to record and release the album GD & TOP ( 2010 ) , which contained the top-five hits `` High High '' , `` Oh Yeah '' , and `` Knock Out '' on the Gaon Digital Chart , while the album peaked at number-one . His first EP One of a Kind ( 2012 ) was critically acclaimed and yielded `` One of a Kind '' , `` Crayon '' , and the number-one `` That XX '' , earning Record of the Year at the 22nd Seoul Music Awards . The EP became the highest-selling album by a Korean soloist since his own Heartbreaker . In 2013 , he embarked on his first worldwide tour as a solo artist , which included a four-dome tour in Japan , making him the first Korean soloist to do a dome tour . G-Dragon was awarded Artist of the Year at the 15th Mnet Asian Music Awards following the success of his second studio album Coup d'Etat ( 2013 ) , in addition to the awards of World 's Best Entertainer and World 's Best Album at the 2014 World Music Awards . Recognized as one of the most influential leaders in music and fashion in his country and labelled as an `` K-pop icon '' , G-Dragon was named by Forbes the most influential person under 30 in Asia 's entertainment and sports . Producing not only for his band but also for his and his bandmates ' solo releases , G-Dragon has written 22 number one songs .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "7ba7cc5c2c5ef80c6b3e2e5128abd947", "text": "Kwang-hyok Kwang-hyok , also spelled Gwang-hyeok , is a Korean masculine given name . Its meaning differs based on the hanja used to write each syllable of the name . There are 13 hanja with the reading `` kwang '' and nine hanja with the reading `` hyok '' on the South Korean government 's official list of hanja which may be registered for use in given names . People with this name include : Kim Kwang-hyok ( born 1985 ) , North Korean football player Ri Kwang-hyok ( born 1987 ) , North Korean football player Kim Kwang-hyok ( athlete ) ( born 1988 ) , North Korean long distance runner Lee Gwang-hyeok ( born 1995 ) , South Korean football midfielder ( K-League )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d89fd16ea9c2ed9711f13aebc855dc21", "text": "Death and state funeral of Kim Jong-il The death of Kim Jong-il was reported by North Korean state television news on 19 December 2011 . The presenter Ri Chun-hee announced that he had died on 17 December at 8:30 am of a massive heart attack while travelling by train to an area outside Pyongyang . Reportedly , he had received medical treatment for cardiac and cerebrovascular diseases . During the trip though , he was said to have had an advanced acute myocardial infarction , complicated with a serious heart shock . However , it was reported by South Korean media in December 2012 that he had died in a fit of rage over construction faults at a crucial power plant project . His son Kim Jong-un was announced as North Korea 's next leader with the title of `` The Great Successor '' during the same newscast . Jong-il 's funeral was held on 28 December in Pyongyang , with a mourning period lasting until the following day .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "19c269d5f2dae4a695ff8383dec7436c", "text": "Chasu Ch ` asu ( 차수 , hanja 次帥 ) is a superior military rank of North Korea , often translated as vice-marshal . The rank is senior to that of daejang ( general ) and junior to that of wonsu ( marshal ) . The rank is seldom bestowed upon the professional military , and appears to be rather a combined political-military position . The insignia for a chasu is superimposing a North Korean national crest upon a marshal 's insignia star in the shoulder epaulette . Formerly , insignia for such rank holders was the emblem of North Korea until the present insignia was released in 1985 . The rank is often transliterated as ch ` asu , showing the difference with the Korean word for embroidery , usually transliterated as chasu ( : wikt : 자수 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6864461c9e9ea0ea0ba9ae0a4ff9202", "text": "North Korea–Norway relations North Korea -- Norway relations refers to the current and historical relationship between Norway and the Democratic People 's Republic of Korea ( DPRK ) , commonly known as North Korea . Neither country maintains an embassy in the other , although North Korea formerly had an embassy in the Norwegian capital Oslo . The Norwegian ambassador in Seoul is also accredited to North Korea , as is the North Korean one in Stockholm to Norway .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a432142754f9325faadc372567211037", "text": "Glorantha Glorantha is a fantasy world created by Greg Stafford . It was first introduced in the board game White Bear and Red Moon ( 1975 ) by Chaosium , and thereafter in a number of other board , roleplaying and computer games , including RuneQuest and HeroQuest , as well as several works of fiction and the computer strategy game King of Dragon Pass . The Gloranthan world is characterised by its complex use of mythology , heavily influenced by the universalist approaches of Joseph Campbell and Mircea Eliade , its Howardian ethos , its long and distinctive history as a setting for role-playing games , its community development and expansion , and ( unusual among early American fantasy role-playing games ) its relative lack of Tolkienesque influence . Stafford began imagining Glorantha in 1966 as a way to deepen his own understanding of mythology . He founded the company Chaosium to publish the board wargame White Bear and Red Moon in 1974 ( other sources say 1975 ) , which was set in Glorantha . Chaosium later published other games in the setting , including the critically acclaimed RuneQuest . Various later editions of RuneQuest , the narrative role-playing game HeroQuest ( the first edition of which was published as Hero Wars ) , and the video game King of Dragon Pass were also set in Glorantha , as were several prominent fan efforts . Stafford has also explored the Gloranthan setting in the fantasy novel King of Sartar and a number of unfinished works published under the collective name of `` the Stafford Library '' . In Glorantha , magic operates from the everyday level of prayers and charms to the creation and maintenance of the world . Heroes make their way in the world , and may also venture into metaphysical realms to gain knowledge and power , at the risk of body and soul . In the more recent material competing magical outlooks , such as theism , shamanism and mysticism , exist to explain the world . Within each metaphysical system , adherents may also compete - such as when theistic worshipers of rival gods battle each other . The world is flat , with a dome-like sky , and it has been shaped in large and small ways by the mythic actions of the gods . The ` historical ' world of Glorantha is in a more or less fallen state , having recovered only partially from a universal battle against Chaos in the mythic Godtime . Humans are the dominant race , but other sentient beings abound . Some , such as the mystic dragonewts , are unique to Glorantha . Familiar nonhuman races , such as elves and dwarves , are distinct from their common , Tolkienesque portrayals .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8bc82cc3205738c404cbb04adefef639", "text": "Frente Tricolor The official Suwon Samsung Bluewings supporters group is called FRENTE TRICOLOR . In the late 1995 , the `` GRAND BLEU '' was organised as the supporter club of the Bluewings . Originally , the name of the supporters club was `` CyberWings '' , but it changed its name to the current name a few years later . With their two general mottos , The First & The Best and 우리가 가면 길이 된다 ( English : Our path becomes the true path ) , the GRAND BLEU has now grown as the largest and the most influential supporters ' groups in the K-League . The FRENTE TRICOLOR website claims that there are more than 30,000 members who has been registered to the website by 2008 , and about 3,000 to 6,000 supporters visit the Big Bird 's North side regularly in almost every matches , with the exception of boycotts which only happened in early 2006 . The GRAND BLEU sometimes show performances in matches using various equipments such as flares , smoke bombs , flags and card displays . The famous Red Devils , Korea Republic national football team supporters club also started with a lot of its members from the GRAND BLEU . One of the most popular chants of the Red Devils , the `` Daehan Minguk '' chant , was from the GRAND BLEU chant .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "49d0e354313509350a24bad3019d3c3e", "text": "Korea General Machinery Trading Corporation The Korea General Machinery Trading Corporation is a North Korean machine company . It is headquartered in the Tongdaewon District near the capital , Pyongyang . The company imports steel , chemical raw stock , and machine tools . It produces machine tools , metal parts , gears , electric motors , generators , hydroelectric generators , pumps , valves , mining equipment , rolling stock and other machinery .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0472cce56c5e00e09840ad17829bbcd6", "text": "National Defence Commission The National Defence Commission of the Democratic People 's Republic of Korea ( NDC ) was defined by the 1998 constitution as `` the highest guiding organ of the military and the managing organ of military matters '' . The Chairman of the National Defence Commission controls the armed forces and , in this state where the military dominated , was the most powerful position in the country and was held by Kim Jong-il up until his death . Per the 2016 Constitution , the commission was replaced by the State Affairs Commission .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d525264d7596a2c48f682207b66a26ff", "text": "Goyang Goyang ( Goyang-si ; -LSB- ko.jaŋ -RSB- ) is a city in Gyeonggi-do in the north of South Korea . It is part of the Seoul Capital Area , making Goyang one of Seoul 's satellite cities . It is one of the largest cities in the Seoul Capital Area , with a population of just over 1 million . The city is the site of the Ilsan New Town , a planned city surrounding the Ilsandong-gu and Ilsanseo-gu districts of Goyang . Several institutions of higher learning are located in Goyang . These include Agricultural Cooperative College , Korea Aerospace University , and Transnational Law and Business University . In sports , the city was home to the K League Challenge football team Goyang Zaicro FC until its disbandment in 2016 . The Challengers League football team Goyang Citizen FC and the Korean Basketball League team Goyang Orion Orions are based in the city .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "efba722d112828808f43048049571dc6", "text": "2006 North Korean missile test Two rounds of North Korean missile tests were conducted on July 5 , 2006 . The Democratic People 's Republic of Korea ( DPRK or North Korea ) reportedly fired at least seven separate missiles . These included one long-range Taepodong-2 missile and short-range Scud derived missiles including the enlarged Nodong missile . The Taepodong-2 was estimated by United States intelligence agencies as having a potential range reaching as far as Alaska , the missile reached a distance of about 250 miles from northern California . North Korea made its first public acknowledgement of the tests on July 6 , through its foreign ministry , describing them as `` successful '' and part of `` regular military drills to strengthen self-defense , '' insisting that it had the legal right to do so . The country warned of `` stronger physical actions '' if it were put under pressure by the international community . On July 8 , CNN reported that the U.S. had deployed the USS Mustin , a guided missile destroyer , to the Japanese port of Yokosuka , home of the U.S. Navy 's Seventh Fleet . A spokeswoman said that the deployment was not related to the test-firings , and it had been previously planned .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dfa36a875c5605dde0a4d6cfadb1779e", "text": "Songun Songun is the `` military first '' policy of North Korea , prioritizing the Korean People 's Army in the affairs of state and allocation of resources . `` Military first '' as a principle guides political and economic life in North Korea , with `` military-first politics '' dominating the political system ; `` a line of military-first economic construction '' acting as an economic system ; and `` military-first ideology '' serving as the guiding ideology . Songun elevates the Korean People 's Army within North Korea as an organization and as a state function , granting it the primary position in the North Korean government and society . It guides domestic policy and international interactions . It is the framework for the government , designating the military as the `` supreme repository of power '' . The North Korean government grants the Korean People 's Army the highest economic and resource-allocation priority and positions it as the model for society to emulate . Songun is also the ideological concept behind a shift in policies since 1994 which emphasize the people 's military over all other aspects of state and society .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c5a7ddad2b3da1f4878dd522f6715a5", "text": "Goguryeo Goguryeo ( ; -LSB- ko.ɡu.ɾjʌ -RSB- , 37 BCE -- 668 CE ) , originally named Goryeo ( ; -LSB- ko.ɾjʌ -RSB- ) , was a Korean kingdom located in the northern and central parts of the Korean Peninsula and the southern and central parts of inner and outer Manchuria . Goguryeo was an active participant in the power struggle for control of the Korean peninsula and was also associated with the foreign affairs of neighboring polities in China and Japan . The Samguk Sagi , a 12th-century text from Goryeo , indicates that Goguryeo was founded in 37 BCE by Jumong , a prince from Buyeo , who was enthroned as Dongmyeong . There is archaeological and textual evidence from Chinese geographic monographs that suggests that Goguryeo may have been in existence since the second century BCE around the fall of Gojoseon , an earlier kingdom which also occupied southern Manchuria and the northern Korean Peninsula . Goguryeo was a powerful empire and one of the great powers in East Asia , until it was defeated by a Silla -- Tang alliance in 668 after prolonged exhaustion and internal strife caused by the death of Yeon Gaesomun . After its fall , its territory was divided among the states of Later Silla , Balhae and Tang China . The name Goryeo , a shortened form of Goguryeo , was adopted as the official name in the 5th century , and is the origin of the English name `` Korea '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b65b868a7dfd9aff50d6c923a76d9bb4", "text": "Dragon Computer & Communication Dragon Computer & Communication , widely known as Dragon in Indonesia , is the first and biggest hardware distribution company in Indonesia . Dragon is located on Jakarta , Java , Indonesia . Some of notable brand that is distributed under Dragon flag in Indonesia include , but not limited to , ACER , ASUS , Inktec , Elevo , Lite-ON and Edimax .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c8a3097e8fe5a50546ad23deb472f53", "text": "Timeline of the Gwangmu Reform The following is a timeline of the Gwangmu Reform , which was a reforms for modernize Korea from the late 19th century to the early 20th century . Although many people have the notion that this period was marked with the fight for power between Heungseon Daewongun ( 흥선대원군 , 興宣大院君 - King Gojong 's father ) and Queen Min ( King Gojong 's wife ) , it was rather the era of great changes relevant to modernisation after the harsh oppressive years during the `` Regency '' of King Gojong 's father . This reform also was one of the most successful for modernising in a short period of time during Korean history . Although the reform was mostly centred on the time period after the proclamation of the Korean Empire , it includes a number of other previous events that are closely related to the reform .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ed704d74b7af828037a8fe05f3eb3c33", "text": "Guro District, Seoul Guro District ( Guro-gu ) is a district of Seoul , South Korea , which was separated from Yeongdeungpo District on April 1 , 1980 . Located in the southwestern part of the city , where besides Yangcheon District and Geumcheon District Guro District has an important position as a transport link which contains railroads , land routes from the rest of Seoul to the south of the country . The Gyeongbu and Gyeongin railway lines connect Seoul to Busan and Incheon . In addition , Seoul Metropolitan Subway lines 1 , 2 , and 7 , and major highways intersect in Guro District . The name Guro originates from the legend that nine ( gu ) old men ( Korean : ro ) enjoyed longevity in the district . A digital industrial complex is located in Guro District . The Guro Digital Industrial Complex , which played a leading industrial role mainly with textile manufacturing , dressmaking and other labour-intensive industries in 1967 , has been rapidly changed into an IT industrial complex . This complex played a pivotal role in the economic growth of the South Korea 's development era , referred to as the `` Miracle on the Han River '' , and also contributed 10 percent of national export in the 1970s . Twenty-one percent of the total area of Guro District is a restricted zone to be used as a greenbelt with the only arboretum in Seoul . The zone is changing into a lively district as large labour-intensive factories are moving from the area and the council is developing what it terms its four zones . An `` e-government '' system based on this hosted the international e-participation forum on February 7 -- 9 , 2007 , with the participation of more than thirty-seven countries . The forum was launched with the theme `` Promoting Democracy and Regional Development '' and twenty-five mayors including André Santini ( Issy-les-Moulineaux , France ) , Kevin Foy ( Chapel Hill , US ) , Apirak Kosayothin ( Bangkok , Thailand ) , Uvais Mohamed Emthiyas ( Colombo , Sri Lanka ) , and world experts such as Dr William H. Dutton ( Director of Oxford Internet Institute at the University of Oxford , UK ) and Dr Ari-Veiko Anttiroiko ( professor at the University of Tampere , Finland ) participated in the forum . The Guro Declaration , adopted during the forum , aims to set up a portal site for e-government development and to establish a concrete project in order to bridge the digital divide among the world 's cities . This practice has been recognised for providing a new important step in the development of e-democracy . The e-participation forum was a key factor for Guro to play the leading role in bridging the digital divide among cities , to provide I.T. enterprises located in Guro Digital Industrial Complex the opportunity to launch into the international market , to improve its image and become a global leader to concrete e-democracy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1afa0588d3c5eb7a6a106082164a7521", "text": "MiG Alley `` MiG Alley '' was the name given by United Nations ( UN ) pilots to the northwestern portion of North Korea , where the Yalu River empties into the Yellow Sea . During the Korean War , it was the site of numerous dogfights between UN fighter pilots and their opponents from North Korea ( including some unofficially crewed by Soviet airmen ) and the People 's Republic of China . Soviet-built Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15 were the aircraft used during most of the conflict , and the area 's nickname was derived from them . It was the site of the first large-scale jet-vs-jet air battles , with the North American F-86 Sabre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d3ff9f3bf8e815a78f23fdc96b28368", "text": "Niliria `` Niliria '' is a song by K-pop musician G-Dragon , featuring American recording artist Missy Elliott from G-Dragon 's second studio album , Coup d'Etat ( 2013 ) . To date , it remains as one of the six songs from the album to enter the top ten on South Korea 's Gaon Singles Chart . On 2 December 2013 , the song ranked number 32 on Complex 's The 50 Best Songs of 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d1ba8a7145bc2428a80c1d873626125c", "text": "Cho Ki-chon Cho Ki-chon ( 조기천 6 November 1913 -- 31 July 1951 ) was a Russian-born North Korean poet . He is regarded as `` a founding father of North Korean poetry '' whose distinct Soviet-influenced style of lyrical epic poetry in the socialist realist genre became an important feature of North Korean literature . He was nicknamed `` Korea 's Mayakovsky '' after the writer whose works had had an influence on him and which implied his breaking from the literature of the old society and his commitment to communist values . After a remark made by Kim Jong-il on his 2001 visit to Russia , North Korean media has referred to Cho as the `` Pushkin of Korea '' . Cho was dispatched by the Soviet authorities to liberated Korea when the Red Army entered in 1945 . By that time , he had substantial experience with Soviet literature and literature administration . The Soviets hoped that Cho would shape the cultural institutions of the new state based on the Soviet model . For the Soviets , the move was successful and Cho did not only that but also significantly developed socialist realism as it would become the driving force of North Korean literature and arts . Cho offered some of the earliest contributions to Kim Il-sung 's cult of personality . His most famous work is Mt. Paektu ( 1947 ) , a lyrical epic praising Kim Il-sung 's guerrilla activities and promoting him as a suitable leader for the new North Korean state . Other notable works by Cho include , a seemingly non-political love poem which was later adapted as a popular song that is known in both North and South Korea . During the Korean War , Cho wrote wartime propaganda poems . He died during the war in an American bombing raid . He and his works are still renowned in North Korean society .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "374744e300e2ece34feb5e3e022eb03b", "text": "North Korea–Serbia relations The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the Democratic People 's Republic of Korea had established diplomatic relations on October 30 , 1948 . Relations had been very close during the time of Josip Broz Tito and Kim Il-sung . Both leaders had taken a neutral stance during the Sino-Soviet split and maintained friendly relations with both the Soviet Union and China . Both Serbia and North Korea are members of the Non-Aligned Movement . Yugoslavia , of which Serbia was a part , was one of the movement 's founding members . Both countries closed their embassies in each other 's capitals in October and November 2001 , respectively , for financial reasons . Nevertheless , they continue to enjoy a close relationship . The Serbian Embassy to North Korea is accredited from Beijing , China , and the North Korean embassy to Serbia is accredited from Sofia , Bulgaria .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "29f0a580869233ac2b732776eb3cf7a5", "text": "Foreign Languages Publishing House The Foreign Languages Publishing House is the central North Korean publishing bureau of foreign-language documents , located in the Potonggang-guyok of Pyongyang , North Korea . It employs a small group of foreigners to revise translations of North Korean texts so as to make those texts suitable for foreign-language publication . Foreign Languages Publishing House maintains the Naenara web portal . Foreign Languages Publishing House has a sports team in the Paektusan Prize civil servants games .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "74ce27f02c5a721e71e6f96c79009581", "text": "Spain Spain ( España -LSB- esˈpaɲa -RSB- ) , officially the Kingdom of Spain ( -LSB- Reino de España , links = no -RSB- ) , is a sovereign state located on the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe , with two large archipelagoes , the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea and the Canary Islands off the North African Atlantic coast , two cities Ceuta and Melilla in the North African mainland and several small islands in the Alboran Sea near the Moroccan coast . Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar ; to the north and northeast by France , Andorra , and the Bay of Biscay ; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean . It is the only European country to have a border with an African country ( Morocco ) and its African territory accounts for nearly 5 % of its population , mostly in the Canary Islands but also in Ceuta and Melilla . With an area of 505990 km2 , Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe , the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union , and the fourth largest country in the European continent . By population , Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union . Spain 's capital and largest city is Madrid ; other major urban areas include Barcelona , Valencia , Seville , Bilbao and Málaga . Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula around 35,000 years ago . Iberian cultures along with ancient Phoenician , Greek and Carthaginian settlements developed on the peninsula until it came under Roman rule around 200 BCE , after which the region was named Hispania , based on the earlier Phoenician name Span or Spania . In the Middle Ages , the area was conquered by Germanic tribes and later by the Moors . Spain emerged as a unified country in the 15th century , following the marriage of the Catholic Monarchs and the completion of the eight centuries-long reconquest , or Reconquista from the Moors in 1492 . In the early modern period , Spain became one of history 's first global colonial empires , leaving a vast cultural and linguistic legacy that includes over 500 million Spanish speakers , making Spanish the world 's second most spoken first language , after Mandarin Chinese . Spain is a democracy organised in the form of a parliamentary government under a constitutional monarchy . It is a middle power and a major developed country with the world 's fourteenth largest economy by nominal GDP and sixteenth largest by purchasing power parity . It is a member of the United Nations ( UN ) , the European Union ( EU ) , the Eurozone , the Council of Europe ( CoE ) , the Organization of Ibero-American States ( OEI ) , the North Atlantic Treaty Organization ( NATO ) , the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ( OECD ) , the World Trade Organization ( WTO ) and many other international organisations .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "4b94de28bf7f6a99d12fe0c57f069e1b", "text": "Spanish Netherlands Spanish Netherlands ( Países Bajos españoles Spaanse Nederlanden ) ; Pays-Bas espagnols ) was the collective name of States of the Holy Roman Empire in the Low Countries , held in personal union by the Spanish Crown ( also called Habsburg Spain ) from 1581 to 1714 . This region comprised most of modern Belgium and Luxembourg , as well as parts of northern France and western Germany . The capital was Brussels . The Imperial fiefs of the former Burgundian Netherlands had been inherited by the Austrian House of Habsburg from the extinct House of Valois-Burgundy upon the death of Mary of Burgundy in 1482 . The Seventeen Provinces formed the core of the Habsburg Netherlands which passed to the Spanish Habsburgs upon the abdication of Emperor Charles V in 1556 . When part of the Netherlands separated to form the autonomous Dutch Republic in 1581 , the remainder of the area stayed under Spanish rule until the War of the Spanish Succession .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8f9d6e29c10c9d526c1169ec50286e5e", "text": "Cercanías Cercanías ( -LSB- θerkaˈni.as -RSB- ) is the name given to the commuter rail systems of Spain 's major metropolitan areas . In the Valencian Community , the term is replaced by Rodalia ( -LSB- roðaˈli.a -RSB- ) , while the designation Aldiriak ( -LSB- aldiɾiak -RSB- ) is used in the Basque Country . In Catalonia ( where the main administrator is the regional government ) , it is commonly known as Rodalies ( -LSB- ruðəˈli.əs -RSB- ) . Operated by the national rail company Renfe Operadora , Cercanías are in the process of being transferred to the regional autonomous governments . The former Rodalies Barcelona was handed over to the Catalan Government and renamed `` Rodalies de Catalunya '' . There are currently twelve Cercanías systems in Spain ( including the distinct Rodalies system in Catalonia ) : Asturias , Bilbao , Cádiz , Catalonia , Madrid , Málaga , Murcia/Alicante , Santander , San Sebastián , Seville , Valencia , and Zaragoza . It is well linked to Metro systems in Madrid , Barcelona , Bilbao and Valencia . The Madrid Cercanîas network was the target of the 2004 Madrid train bombings . The attacks , which killed 191 people in Santa Eugenia , El Pozo and Atocha stations , were the bloodiest terrorist actions in Spain to date .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a2070e5504335926519b328ab4de8b7f", "text": "Europa Point Europa Point ( Spanish and Llanito : Punta de Europa or Punta Europa ) , is the southernmost point of Gibraltar ( the Southeast most point of the Iberian Peninsula being Punta de Tarifa 25 km southwest of Gibraltar ) . At the end of the Rock of Gibraltar , the area is flat and occupied by such features as a playing field and a few buildings . On a clear day , views of North Africa can be seen across the Strait of Gibraltar including Ceuta and the Rif Mountains of Morocco ; as well as the Bay of Gibraltar and the Spanish towns along its shores . It is accessed from the old town by Europa Road .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2635d6e5e9835c51d5cf31d4639872ff", "text": "North Africa North Africa is the term given to a group of Mediterranean countries situated in the northern-most region of the African continent . The term `` North Africa '' has no single accepted definition . It is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of Morocco in the west , to the Suez Canal and the Red Sea in the east . Others have limited it to the countries of Morocco , Algeria , and Tunisia , a region known by the French during colonial times as `` Afrique du Nord '' and by the Arabs as the Maghreb ( `` West '' ) . The most commonly accepted definition includes Morocco , Algeria , and Tunisia , as well as Libya and Egypt , It should be noted however that the term `` North Africa '' , when commonly used in North Africa and the Middle East , often refers only to the countries of the Maghreb and Libya . Egypt , due to its greater Middle Eastern associations , is typically viewed separately . The countries of North Africa share a common ethnic , cultural and linguistic identity that is unique to this region . North west Africa has been inhabited by Berbers since the beginning of recorded history , while the eastern part of North Africa has been home to the Egyptians . Following the Muslim conquest in the seventh century C.E. , the region underwent a process of Arabization and Islamization that has defined its cultural landscape ever since . The distinction between North Africa and much of Sub-Saharan Africa is historically and ecologically significant because of the effective barrier created by the Sahara Desert for much of modern history . From 3500 BC , following the abrupt desertification of the Sahara due to gradual changes in the Earth 's orbit , this barrier has culturally separated the North from the rest of the continent . As the seafaring civilizations of the Phoenicians , Greeks , Romans , Muslims and others facilitated communication and migration across the Mediterranean Sea , the cultures of North Africa became much more closely tied to Southwestern Asia and Europe than Sub-Saharan Africa . The Islamic influence in the area is also significant , and North Africa is a major part of the Muslim world . Some researchers have postulated that North Africa rather than East Africa served as the exit point for the modern humans who first trekked out of the continent in the Out of Africa migration .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c8056007a4613106458e535f6125bad", "text": "Socialist Party of Majorca The Socialist Party of Majorca ( Partit Socialista de Mallorca , ( PSM ) ; -LSB- pərˈtit sosiəˈɫistə ðə məˈʎɔrcə -RSB- ) is a political party in Majorca , Spain . The PSM defines itself as socialist , environmentalist , and Catalan nationalist , from a Majorcan point of view . PSM emerged from a split in the Socialist Party of the Islands in December 1977 . Unlike most of the other Spanish socialist parties , PSM refused to join the Spanish Socialist Workers ' Party ( PSOE ) . It advocates the self-determination and the freedom of the Balearic Islands , with social justice , to increase the identity and the self-government of the archipelago . It also calls for a closer relationship with the other Catalan Countries , now forbidden to be achieved in a confederation of three Spanish autonomous communities by the Spanish constitution ( art. 145 ) . Therefore , its political ascription is a Majorcan political party , regionalist or progressive-stateless nationalist , environmental , socialist and democratic . In 1989 it strengthened an alliance with other progressive and nationalist parties of Minorca and Ibiza , Partit Socialista de Menorca ( Socialist Party of Minorca ) and l'Entesa Nacionalista Ecologista de Eivissa ( Environmental and Nacionalist Agreement of Ibiza ) , gathering together other local progressive and nationalist parties . The name of the alliance was PSM-Entesa Nacionalista ( PSM-Nationalist Agreement ) . Its representation in the autonomous parliament was between 7 % and 15 % of the votes . Usually as an opposition party , PSM belonged in the Majorca Government from 1995 until 2003 and from 2007 until 2011 , and in the Balearic Islands Government from 1999 until 2003 and from 2007 until 2011 . In both governments , with other progressive Spanish parties . In the 2004 Spanish general elections , PSM was in a coalition in the Balearic Islands electoral district with United Left-Esquerra Unida , Balearic Islands ' Green Party-Els Verds de les Illes Balears , and Republican Left of Catalonia , as the Balearic Island 's Progressive coalition ( Progressistes per les Illes Balears ) This coalition obtained 40,289 votes ( 12 % ) . However , no representation in the Spanish central parliament was obtained . In 2007 , this coalition was enlarged , making up the new coalition `` Majorca 's Bloc '' ( Bloc per Mallorca ) with the same allies of the former Balearic Island 's Progressive coalition . The coalition got 4 MPs ( 14 % ) in the Balearic Parliament ( 2 of them PSM ) . After negotiations , PSM and the other Bloc 's parties , decided to enter in the autonomous government , with PSOE and Majorcan Union ( liberal regionalists ) , leaving the People 's Party ( conservatives ) in the opposition . In 2008 , the party decided to change their allies for the Spanish general elections . Its allies were then Majorcan Union , Republican Left of Catalonia and Entesa per Mallorca ( former PSM members ) . The coalition United Left-Esquerra Unida refused to include them in its electoral lists . However 29 % of the members wanted to follow the former alliance with Esquerra Unida and the Green Party . Most of them were members of the PSM-Left Nationalist Youth ( Joves d'Esquerra Nacionalista-PSM ) . With less than 30,000 votes , no representation in the Spanish central parliament was obtained . In 2011 , the Bloc broke and the party decided to form an electoral coalition with IniciativaVerds ( a new party formed by the Green party and former United Left members ) and Entesa per Mallorca ( former PSM members ) for the autonomic elections . The coalition got 36,149 votes and 4 seats at the Parliament . Later that year , the coalition was enlarged by the addition of the new Spanish-wide ecologist party EQUO and participated at the general election of that year . The coalition managed to get 31,378 votes , just 10,000 votes lesser than the minimum needed to get a seat at the Congress of Deputies . In 2008 , PSM became a full member of the European Free Alliance ( EFA ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9bc8d8b1e612b2f74d3628e2a30f8c43", "text": "Bay of Cádiz The Bay of Cádiz is a body of water in the province of Cádiz , Spain , adjacent to the southwestern coast of the Iberian Peninsula . The Bay of Cádiz adjoins the Gulf of Cádiz , a larger body of water which is in the same area but further offshore .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "61d2e020c06aafce920304df03c1fc9d", "text": "Punta de Tarifa Punta de Tarifa ( Point Tarifa , Point Marroqui ) is the southernmost point of the Iberian Peninsula and continental Europe . It is located in the province of Cádiz and the autonomous community of Andalusia on the Atlantic end of the Straits of Gibraltar . The coast of Morocco can be seen from this point . The point is the southeastern tip of the former island , known as Isla de Tarifa or Isla de Las Palomas , located offshore and connected to the mainland by a causeway . The island was occupied by a military installation between the 1930s and 2001 . The name of Tarifa , both for the island and for the municipality , originates from Tarif ibn Malik , who in 710 started here the Islamic conquest of Spain .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "239b61082a858476610b7cb1510a860c", "text": "Rivas-Vaciamadrid Rivas-Vaciamadrid ( -LSB- ˈribas baθiamaˈðɾið -RSB- , -LSB- ˈribas baθiamaˈðɾiθ , - ˈðɾi -RSB- ) is the 15th most populated city in the Community of Madrid , Spain . It belongs to the Madrid metropolitan area and is located just 15 km from central Madrid , to the south-east . In the southern part of the municipality , the Manzanares river flows into the Jarama , which is part of the Lower Manzanares and Jarama Rivers Regional Park . Almost three quarters of the municipality form part of the park , making it an important ecological centre with numerous lakes and various species of wildlife and fauna . It has been one of the fastest growing municipalities in Spain in recent years , growing from 500 inhabitants in the 1980s to its current figure of 84,000 . It is bordered to the north by Madrid and San Fernando de Henares , to the south by Arganda del Rey and San Martín de la Vega , to the east by Mejorada del Campo and Velilla de San Antonio , and to the west by Getafe and Madrid ( the district of Villa de Vallecas . ) Rivas-Vaciamadrid municipality is the seventh richest in Spain , according to a 2014 list , and has the fourth lowest rate of population in risk of poverty , among municipalities with more than 50,000 inhabitants . It is the most populated city in Spain governed by United Left .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "38cde950e2727e148fd1ca4fb418f996", "text": "Portuñol Portuñol ( Spanish spelling ) or Portunhol ( Portuguese spelling ) is the name often given to any unsystematic mixture of Portuguese with Spanish . The word is a portmanteau of the words Portugués / Português ( `` Portuguese '' ) and Español / Espanhol ( `` Spanish '' ) . Portuñol , or Portunhol , is a lingua franca , or simplified mixture of the two languages , that allows speakers of either Spanish or Portuguese who are not proficient in the other language to communicate with one another . When speakers of one of the languages attempt to speak the other language , there is often interference from the native language , which causes the phenomenon of code-switching to occur . It is possible to conduct a moderately fluent conversation in this way because Portuguese and Spanish are closely related Romance languages . They have almost identical syntactic structures , as well as overlapping lexicons due to cognates , which means that a single macro-grammar is produced when the two mix . The phrase en el hueco de la noite longa e langue illustrates a code-switch between the Spanish article la and the Portuguese noun noite . This example reveals the grammatical possibilities of code-switching between the two languages . Language contact between Spanish and Portuguese is the result of sustained contact between the two languages in border communities and multilingual trade environments . Such regions include the border regions between Portugal and Spain in the Iberian Peninsula , as well as the ones between Brazil , whose official language is Portuguese , and most of its neighboring countries , such as Uruguay and Paraguay , whose official languages are Spanish . Because Portuñol is a spontaneous register resulting from the occasional mixing of Spanish and Portuguese , it is highly diverse ; there is no one dialect or standard of Portuñol . There does , however , tend to be a stronger presence of Spanish in Portuñol . In recent years , Portuñol has begun to appear in realms other than everyday speech . It has become a literary medium , especially in Uruguay and Brazil . María Jesus Fernández García describes it as a linguistic recreation of the actual language . However , she goes on to say that the literature only occasionally provides a true representation of Portuñol , and that authors often choose to select only some of the features that are characteristic of Portuñol . One important literary work written in Portuñol is Mar paraguayo by Brazilian author Wilson Bueno . The following passage shows the mixing of Spanish and Portuguese in his novel . The appearance of Portuñol has prompted two opposing opinions or attitudes towards its existence . On the one hand , it is viewed as the product of laziness among speakers unwilling to learn a different language . On the other hand , it is seen as the logical product of globalization . As far as the future of Portuñol is concerned , according to Francisco A. Marcos-Marín , it is too difficult to evaluate possible repercussions that Portuñol could have on future linguistic maps because it is not easy to separate linguistic tendencies that are merely in style and those that are permanent .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ffc2e0eb10a49c0dc753b86cde56960e", "text": "Sahara International Film Festival The Sahara International Film Festival , also known as FiSahara , is an annual event which takes place in the Sahrawi refugee camps , at the South West corner of Algeria , near the border with Western Sahara . It is the only film festival in the world taking place in a refugee camp . The first three years the festival was held alternately in the Wilaya of Smara , Wilaya of Ausserd and Wilaya of El Aaiun , but since 2007 the FiSahara had stayed in the Wilaya of Dakhla . The event is backed by the Polisario Front , but largely organised and funded by donors from Spain , the former colonial power in Western Sahara , attracting support from Spanish film celebrities as Penélope Cruz , Javier Bardem and Pedro Almodóvar . This Festival is an initiative to bring film as an entertainment and cultural form to the thousands of Sahrawis whose community has lived for more than thirty years in relative isolation in the Algerian desert , being the only film festival in the world taking place in a refugee camp . The first festival was in large part organised by Peruvian film director Javier Corcuera . The festival has the two-fold aim of providing cultural entertainment and educational opportunities to refugees , and of raising awareness of the plight of the Sahrawi people , who have been exiled from their native Western Sahara for more than three decades . Western Sahara , `` Africa 's last colony , '' was given to Morocco and Mauritania by the Spanish when they withdrew in 1976 . The Moroccans subsequently annexed the entire territory in 1979 , in defiance of a ruling from the International Court of Justice . A sixteen-year war ensued between the Moroccans and the native Sahrawi independence movement , the Polisario Front . Under the terms of a 1991 UN ceasefire agreement , a referendum for self-determination was promised , but has been blocked by Morocco . In the meantime an estimated 165,000 refugees continue to live in four large camps in the inhospitable Algerian desert . Home to around 30,000 refugees , Dakhla is the most remote of the camps , located 175 km away from the nearest city , Tindouf . It has no electricity or paved roads and is dependent on outside supplies of food and water . Musicians like Fermín Muguruza , Manu Chao , Macaco , Iván Ferreiro , El Chojin or Tomasito had also performed in concerts during the festival . In 2010 , a twinning agreement was signed between the FiSahara and the San Sebastian Human Rights Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d4f2a0e24752a1894e6f6fb7a930f21", "text": "Castilians Castilians ( Spanish : castellanos ) are certain inhabitants in regions of central Spain including at least the eastern part of Castile and León , the northern and eastern parts of Castile-La Mancha , and the Madrid community , who are the source of the Spanish language ( Castilian ) among other aspects of cultural identity . However , not all people in the regions of the medieval Kingdom of Castile think of themselves as Castilian . For this reason , the exact limits of what Castile is today are disputed . As an ethnicity , they are most commonly associated with the sparsely populated inner plateau of the Iberian peninsula , which is split in two by the Sistema Central mountain range and Northern or `` Old Castile '' from southern or `` New Castile '' , the latter being somewhat closer in terms of culture and dialect to southern regions of Spain such as Andalusia , Extremadura and Murcia . Through the Reconquista and other conquests in the Middle Ages , the Kingdom of Castile ( later Crown of Castile ) spread over a large part of the Iberian Peninsula , especially towards the southern Spanish regions . After this , since the 15th century , through the Spanish colonization of the Americas , the Castilians also spread over the New World , bringing with them not only their language , but also elements of their culture and traditions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c81088f83dbce9593dc34a3061e359fc", "text": "On External Transition It is the book gathering Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo 's welcoming speech in the Spanish Royal Academy of Moral and Political Sciences from the session that took place the 16th of November of 2005 . Calvo-Sotelo makes a distinction between internal and external transition , about which he had already spoken previously in Living memory of the Spanish transition and Papers of an unemployed person , and now he focuses on the latter one . After the praising from Antonio Garrigues Díaz-Cañabate , his predecessor as chairman , Calvo-Sotelo looks into the past to put that external transition into perspective , and he makes an `` anthology of neutralities '' of Spain and its milestones being the Franco-Prussian war from 1870 , the Great War from 1914 ( `` we were obsessively neutral with a resignation neutrality '' ) and World War II . That long history of Spanish neutrality has its turning point in 1953 , due to the Agreements with United States , and it is a first step towards `` anchoring Spain to the Western world '' . Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo 's essay gets livelier when it approaches transition `` because the writer has also been an actor and a witness of the facts he recounts '' . Who started the transition while being in the government `` were , on politics , little more than fishermen from Galilee . And the same happened with PSOE , the opposition . '' For that reason , `` the Transition , the whole Transition , but specially the external Transition , unavoidably had a lot of improvisation . '' In such a way that `` it was necessary to start the external Transition sailing through an unknown ocean , without any reference nautical charts and with only one clear path : integrating Spain in the international forums in which it was not admitted when these were constituted due to the non-democratic nature of the previous Regime . '' `` The entry in the Common Market '' and `` The Atlantic controversy '' are the most densely biographical chapters of this dissertation , since Calvo-Soltelo was the man to whom `` corresponded the unique duty of forming the negotiating team of our membership '' and Calvo-Sotelo was , as the President of the Government , who pushed for and achieved the admission of Spain into the NATO . After remembering the long and hard process of the negotiations , he concludes saying `` that Spain was not received with generosity by its community neighbours . '' And he quotes two key characters from this story : Alberto Ullastres , `` who had masterfully negotiated '' the Preferential Agreement from 1970 ; and Raimundo Bassols , `` true architect of our entry into the Common Market . '' He also documents through his papers `` the uncertain topic of the secular Spanish-French friendship . '' He narrates first-hand the fact that he considers `` the kernel of the External transition , the hinge on which the new Spanish external policy would turn '' , which would be , the entry into NATO . He analyses the position of UCD , of Adolfo Suárez and of Marcelino Oreja , and examines the historic evolution of PSOE 's international doctrine -- from Rodolfo Llopis ' time to Felipe González 's - and the volatility of the Spanish public opinion . He also speaks about the attitude of U.S.A. ( `` the renewal of the Agreements of 1953 without the NATO were the short-sighted American intentions when I came to the Presidency '' ) and of the U.S.S.R ( Letter from Leonidas Breznev , that he diplomatically returned to him ) . The book is closed with a chapter entitled by him `` The transition revisited '' , where he states how nowadays it is considered a problem and how unpleasant it feels to `` unravel Penelope 's shroud that never got to be finished , '' while he is an advocate of `` revisiting the Transition without destroying it '' . He finishes with a few lines on the new Europe that must be illuminated , a hard duty because `` France does not accept that they have to lock down with two keys De Gaulle 's tomb . '' During his answering speech , Salustiano del Campo says : `` The pithy speech we just heard insists on subjects Calvo-Sotelo has previously dealt with in one or several of his previous works , but he does it giving new ideas and , especially , suggesting new considerations . '' Marcelino Oreja finds this essay `` a masterpiece on the external transition and it displays the efforts made to put Spain in the place it belongs to . '' Historians Pablo Pérez and Jorge Lafuente think about this book by Calvo-Sotelo that `` he synthesized his ideas on the history of the Spanish external relationships using his usual sententious , elegant and frequently ironic style . His central idea must be summarized saying that Spain abdicated the performance of a role in the international panorama since the times of King Carlos III and it did not get that role back until the Transition , and specially until its entry into the NATO in 1982 and into the European Community in 1986 -LSB- ... -RSB- Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo , one of the men who used more energy on this , is a clear example of to what extent the Transition was an Enterprise that united continuity and change , and not only on the terms of the 20th Century , or of dictatorship and democracy , but in wider terms ; in the terms of the strategic position of our country in the international board . The intellectual depth of Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo 's political plan , his direct knowledge on the European reality , his familiarity with our history , probably were the causes that made him had a sight covering a wider range and made him move to a higher plane of political tactics focused on taking and keeping power on a short term . '' This is the last book by Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo . Nevertheless , according to his own confessions , `` I have at home drawers full of unpublished pages : from the first ones written on a typewriter ( a tampon Yost ) , from sixty years ago , until the last ones typed on the computer . My wife ( who will outlive me , as is the norm ) may get some money publishing , in many years , those that are more impertinent and politically incorrect and , among others , a long string of satirical sonnets , perfectly measured and more wrongly intended , which my friend ( poet Muñoz Rojas ) correctly calls skills . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66becfad164ad779ee52c704075b421b", "text": "Spanish general election, 2016 The 2016 Spanish general election was held on Sunday , 26 June 2016 , to elect the 12th Cortes Generales of the Kingdom of Spain . All 350 seats in the Congress of Deputies were up for election , as well as 208 of 266 seats in the Senate . No party had secured a majority in the 2015 election , resulting in the most fragmented parliament since 1977 . Ensuing negotiations failed to produce a stable governing coalition , paving the way for a repeat election on 26 June . The political deadlock marked the first time that a Spanish election was triggered due to failure in the government formation process . Ahead of the election , Podemos and United Left ( IU ) joined forces to form the Unidos Podemos alliance , along with several other minor left-wing parties . Opinion polling going into the election predicted a growing polarisation between this alliance and the People 's Party ( PP ) , which would be fighting to maintain first place nationally . In the end , the alliance suffered a surprise decline in votes and vote share compared to the previous election , while the PP increased its number of votes and seats . The Spanish Socialist Workers ' Party ( PSOE ) , while clinging on to second place , kept losing votes and seats and scored a new historical low . Albert Rivera 's Citizens ( C 's ) suffered from the electoral system and fell to 32 seats . Voter turnout was the lowest since the transition to democracy in 1975 , as just 66.5 % of the electorate cast a ballot . Overall , a potential PP -- C 's bloc secured 6 more seats than before , but remained short of an overall majority . With the political deadlock settling in , commentators suggested that a new , third election could be eventually needed . Electoral setbacks for the PSOE in the Basque and Galician regional elections held on 25 September 2016 unleashed a party crisis which led to Pedro Sánchez 's ouster as leader on 1 October . An interim party leadership was appointed , which chose to abstain to allow government formation and prevent a third general election . As a result , Mariano Rajoy was re-elected as Prime Minister for a second term in office on 29 October amid public outcry and protest at PSOE 's U-turn , which was also met with opposition from within the party -- 15 MPs eventually not complying with the party 's directive and voting against Rajoy nonetheless .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ca798ac50f737db3033fe3566785c29", "text": "Granada War The Granada War ( Guerra de Granada ) was a series of military campaigns between 1482 and 1492 , during the reign of the Catholic Monarchs ( los Reyes Católicos ) Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon , against the Nasrid dynasty 's Emirate of Granada . It ended with the defeat of Granada and its annexation by Castile , ending all Islamic rule on the Iberian peninsula ( al-Andalus ) . The ten-year war was not a continuous effort , but a series of seasonal campaigns launched in spring and broken off in winter . The Granadans were crippled by internal conflict and civil war , while the Christians were generally unified . The war also saw the effective use of artillery by the Christians to rapidly conquer towns that would otherwise have required a long siege . On January 2 , 1492 Muhammad XII of Granada ( King Boabdil ) surrendered the Emirate of Granada , the city of Granada , and the Alhambra palace to the Castilian forces . The war was a joint project between Isabella 's Crown of Castile and Ferdinand 's Crown of Aragon . The bulk of the troops and funds for the war came from Castile , and Granada was annexed into Castile 's lands . The Crown of Aragon was less important : apart from the presence of King Ferdinand himself , Aragon provided naval collaboration , guns , and some financial loans . Aristocrats were offered the allure of new lands , while Ferdinand and Isabella centralized and consolidated power . The aftermath of the war saw the end of convivencia ( `` live and let live '' ) between religions In the Iberian peninsula : the Jews were forced to convert to Christianity or be exiled in 1492 , and by 1501 , all of Granada 's Muslims were obliged to either convert to Christianity , become slaves , or be exiled ; by 1526 this prohibition spread to the rest of Spain . `` New Christians '' ( conversos ) came to be accused of crypto-Islam and crypto-Judaism . Spain would go on to model its national aspirations as the guardian of Christianity and Catholicism . The fall of the Alhambra is still celebrated every year by the City Council of Granada , and the Granada War is considered in traditional Spanish historiography as the final war of the Reconquista . At the same time , and uniquely in the `` Reconquista '' , the Granada War itself is never called `` the reconquest of Granada '' '' , but rather `` the conquest of Granada '' . Granada had never been Christian before the `` reconquista '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "376286d7026ba4351fb81bfde894391e", "text": "Assembly of Córdoba (1919) The Assembly of Córdoba ( also 1919 Assembly of Córdoba , etc. ; Spanish : Asamblea de Córdoba de 1919 ) was an autonomist assembly of the Junta Liberalista de Andalucía ( an outgrowth of the Andalusian nationalist Centros Andaluces ) , which advocated the abolition of centralized political power in Spain and the creation instead of a Spanish Federation . It took place January 1 , 1919 . The assembly adopted a federalist manifesto dubbed the Manifiesto de la Nacionalidad ( `` Manifesto of Nationality '' ) , which proclaimed the necessity that Andalusia constitute an autonomous democracy ( `` democracia autónoma '' ) and the arrival of the `` supreme hour in which the definitive end of the old Spain '' would be achieved '' ( `` la hora suprema en que habrá de consumarse definitivamente el acabamiento de la vieja España '' ) . The authors of the manifesto , among them Blas Infante and Lasso de la Vega , took as a point of reference the Constitution of Antequera adopted by the Federalist Assembly at Antequera in 1883 and the Assembly of Ronda ( 1918 ) , which had proclaimed Andalusia as a `` national reality '' ( `` realidad nacional '' ) and `` a country '' ( `` una patria '' ) . The present Statute of Autonomy of the current autonomous community of Andalusia ( adopted 2007 ) refers to this manifesto to justify the expression `` realidad nacional '' , which appears in its preamble .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "77ef3ca640eb4fef199cb03ef4b94d53", "text": "Plazas de soberanía The plazas de soberanía ( -LSB- ˈplaθaz ðe soβeɾaˈni.a -RSB- , literally `` places of sovereignty '' ) are the Spanish sovereign territories in North Africa . These are separate pieces of land scattered along the Mediterranean coast bordering Morocco . The name refers to the fact that these territories have been a part of Spain since the formation of the modern Spanish State ( 1492 -- 1556 ) , and are distinguished from African territories obtained by Spain during the 19th and 20th century . Historically , a distinction was made between the so-called `` major sovereign territories '' , comprising the cities of Ceuta and Melilla , and the `` minor sovereign territories '' , referring to a number of smaller enclaves and islands along the coast . In the present , the term refers mainly to the latter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b29eee44e77fcddd05e24deed5acb3cf", "text": "Italy–Tunisia Delimitation Agreement The Italy -- Tunisia Delimitation Agreement is a 1971 treaty between Italy and Tunisia in which the two countries agreed to delimit a maritime boundary between them in the continental shelf . The treaty was signed in Tunis on 20 August 1971 . The text of the treaty sets out a complex boundary in the Strait of Sicily representing a modified equidistant line between Sicily and Tunisia . The boundary terminates just short of an equidistant line between Malta and the Italian Pelagie Islands . The treaty created a 13-nautical-mile ( radial distance ) semi-enclave around the Italian island of Pantelleria . Another semi-exclave was created comprising overlapping 13-nautical-mile arcs around the Italian islands of Linosa and Lampedusa that also intersect a 12 nmi zone around Lampione . Both semi-enclaves intersect Italian waters at the equidistant line but are otherwise surrounded by Tunisian waters . The westernmost point of the boundary line forms a maritime tripoint with Algeria . On 23 January 1975 , the countries by agreement added supplemental minutes to the treaty , including a map of the boundary and 32 individual coordinate points that define it . It came into force on 6 December 1978 after it was ratified by both countries . The full name of the treaty is Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Tunisia and the Government of the Italian Republic concerning the Delimitation of the Continental Shelf between the two Countries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8ed77dcf3a8a56fd7babbdc4a2a5a1a", "text": "Continental Europe Continental Europe , also referred to as mainland Europe , or , by Europeans , simply the Continent , is the continuous continent of Europe , excluding surrounding islands . The most common definition of continental Europe excludes continental islands , encompassing the Greek Islands , Cyprus , Malta , Sicily , Sardinia , Corsica , the Balearic Islands , Ireland , Great Britain , the Isle of Man , the Channel Islands , Novaya Zemlya and the Danish archipelago , as well as nearby oceanic islands , including the Canary Islands , Madeira , the Azores , Iceland , the Faroe Islands , and Svalbard . The Scandinavian peninsula is sometimes also excluded , as even though it is technically part of `` mainland Europe '' , the de facto connections to the rest of the continent are across the Baltic Sea or North Sea ( rather than via the lengthy land route that involves travelling to the north of the peninsula where it meets Finland , and then south through north-east Europe ) . The notion of Europe as a geopolitical or cultural term is centred on core Europe ( Kerneuropa ) , the continental territory of the historical Carolingian Empire and the core of Latin Christendom , corresponding to modern France , Italy , Germany ( or German-speaking Europe ) and the Benelux states ( historical Austrasia ) . This historical core of `` Carolingian Europe '' was consciously invoked in the 1950s as the historical ethno-cultural basis for the prospective European integration ( see also Multi-speed Europe ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c7f5a741f0ea949cd2b939a181f809ad", "text": "Province of Girona Girona ( -LSB- ʒiˈɾonə -RSB- , Gerona Gérone ) is a province of Spain , in the northeastern part of the autonomous community of Catalonia . It is bordered on the northwest by the province of Lleida , on the southwest by the province of Barcelona , on the north by France , and on the east by the Mediterranean Sea . The population of the province in 2016 was 739,607 . Its capital and largest city is Girona , with an urban area ( including the neighbouring municipalities of Salt , Sarrià de Ter and Vilablareix ) representing , with a total population of 144,709 , 19.2 % of the population . The Girona area acts as an industrial , commercial and service hub for a significant part of the province .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "59680f77bc73a5df438eef9040e718fe", "text": "Estoria de España The Estoria de España , also known in the 1906 edition of Ramón Menéndez Pidal as the Primera Crónica General , is a history book written on the initiative of Alfonso X of Castile `` El Sabio '' ( `` the Wise '' ) , who was actively involved in the editing . It is believed to be the first extended history of Spain in Old Spanish , a West Iberian Romance language that forms part of the lineage from Vulgar Latin to modern Spanish . Many prior works were consulted in constructing this history . The book narrates a history beginning in Biblical and legendary origins and continues through the history of Castile under Fernando III of Castile . In the style of chronicles of its time , it begins by retelling the stories of remote origins found in the Bible . From the time of Moses onward , the mix begins to include Greek sources on ancient history . However , as the story continues , the details become increasingly detailed , especially from the Germanic invasions to the time of Alfonso 's father Fernando III . The work is divided into four large parts . The first includes a history of Ancient Rome : the medieval European monarchs considered themselves heirs to the Roman Empire . The second tells the history of the barbarian and Gothic kings , treated as antecedents within the Iberian Peninsula . The third is a history of the Kingdom of Asturias from which the Reconquista ( the Christian reconquest of Iberia from Muslim rule ) began . The fourth and final part is a history of the Kingdoms of León and Castile .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "06c0367387a2db6b881b67dceeb96a3b", "text": "Alkaline Trio Alkaline Trio is an American punk rock band from McHenry , Illinois . The band consists of guitarist and vocalist Matt Skiba , bassist and vocalist Dan Andriano , and drummer Derek Grant . Founded in late 1996 by Skiba , bassist Rob Doran , and drummer Glenn Porter , Alkaline Trio released its debut single , `` Sundials '' , in 1997 . Following its release , Doran departed from the band and was replaced by Andriano . The band subsequently recorded an EP , For Your Lungs Only ( 1998 ) , and its debut studio album , Goddamnit ( 1998 ) . Following the release of the band 's second album , Maybe I 'll Catch Fire ( 2000 ) , Porter left the band and was replaced by Mike Felumlee for its subsequent album , From Here to Infirmary ( 2001 ) . Backed by the singles `` Stupid Kid '' and `` Private Eye '' , From Here to Infirmary significantly increased the band 's exposure , and its follow-up , Good Mourning ( 2003 ) , charted highly on the Billboard 200 . Good Mourning marked the recording debut of current drummer Derek Grant . In 2005 , the band released Crimson which expanded upon the band 's punk rock influences , with prominent overdubs and additional instrumentation , and continued with this direction on Agony & Irony ( 2008 ) , which was released on V2 Records . In 2010 , the band released This Addiction on its own label Heart & Skull and Epitaph . Recorded in the band 's home town of Chicago , with early producer Matt Allison , the album was a conscious effort by the band to return to their punk rock roots ; it became the highest charting album of their career , debuting on the Billboard 200 at No. 11 . In 2011 , the band celebrated its 15-year anniversary with the release of Damnesia , which featured new , acoustic-based recordings of songs from across the band 's career . The band 's eighth studio album , My Shame Is True , was released on April 2 , 2013 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "79ef31869acf747d49be74e59a2a5f3f", "text": "Cuando Respiro En Tu Boca `` Cuando Respiro En Tu Boca '' ( When I Breath in Your Mouth ) is an alternative rock song by Chilean rock band Lucybell . Released as third single from their debut album Peces on 1995 . The song already have a good rotation around Chilean radios . Is considered a classic song of the band . The music video was directed by Pepe Maldonado and was composed by Claudio Valenzuela . Is the first track of the album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33bc9944ade1896b011265cf0de178d3", "text": "Third (Cait Brennan album) Third is the second full-length album by Cait Brennan , released by Omnivore on April 21 , 2017 . The follow-up to 2016 's critically lauded Debutante , Third was recorded at Ardent Studios in Memphis , TN , in the same studio and on much of the same recording gear as Big Star used during its Ardent heyday . The album was co-produced and performed entirely by Brennan and Fernando Perdomo , a producer and rock artist who also co-produced Linda Perhacs ' widely acclaimed 2014 album The Soul of All Natural Things for Asthmatic Kitty records . Perdomo and Brennan met as fellow artists on the International Pop Overthrow festival in 2012 , and quickly became friends ; Brennan appears in Perdomo 's `` Smile '' music video , and Perdomo has played in Brennan 's touring band . The duo produced Brennan 's 2016 debut , as well as an unreleased second album and a set of demos for Sire Records founder Seymour Stein before ultimately signing with Omnivore Recordings in January 2017 . During the recording of Brennan 's Sire Records demo sessions , Brennan and Perdomo attended a Grammy Museum presentation celebrating the 50th Anniversary of Ardent Studios . At the event , Brennan and Perdomo encountered Big Star drummer and Ardent president Jody Stephens , who invited the pair to record their third album at Ardent in Memphis . When the Sire deal did not materialize , the duo traveled to Memphis and recorded 13 songs in three days , with Brennan and Perdomo producing and playing all the instruments , and Ardent 's Adam Hill engineering the sessions . During the sessions , the pair used many of the same instruments and amplifiers used by Big Star during their heyday , including Alex Chilton 's Hi-Watt amps , Mellotron and Chris Bell 's cherry red Gibson guitar . As with Brennan 's debut album Debutante , Brennan and Perdomo played all of the instruments , with the exception of two guest appearances by longtime Memphis power pop legend Van Duren and former Continental Drifters guitarist Robert Mache . The album was mastered by Grammy-winning audio engineer Michael Graves ; Cheryl Pawelski of Omnivore Recordings , who had a long history working with Ardent and Big Star , signed Brennan to Omnivore in January 2017 , slating Brennan 's Third for an April 2017 release to coincide with Record Store Day .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "801acdf523f9aa68dc4d355abbc12f9e", "text": "Sky 3 (album) Sky 3 '' is the third album by English/Australian instrumental progressive rock band Sky , released in 1981 . It reached number three in the British Albums chart . It was the first album recorded after Francis Monkman 's departure from the group , with Steve Gray replacing him on keyboards . In 2015 Esoteric Recordings continued their schedule of remasters and expanded releases with this recording .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f3bbcf80852267db9c8d07686d8f82a4", "text": "Only If... `` Only If ... '' is a song by the Irish artist Enya . It was released along with her first greatest hits compilation Paint the Sky with Stars on 3 November 1997 . It charted in several countries and its video was noted for its creative direction . Enya promoted the song with interviews and performances on The Rosie O'Donnell Show , Late Show with David Letterman and Royal Variety Performance .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2874c458ac552ab9a820c30195b1e46", "text": "Alchemy (Third Ear Band album) Alchemy is an album released in 1969 by the Third Ear Band .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ad54ecb5a738862042548eb789185ce", "text": "To Record Only Water for Ten Days To Record Only Water for Ten Days is the third solo album by American musician John Frusciante , released in 2001 through Warner Music Group . Unlike his previous two solo albums , Niandra Lades and Usually Just a T-Shirt and Smile from the Streets You Hold , the record differs significantly in that Frusciante explores elements of electronica , synthpop and new wave .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c3ec744a15fa3f03934fc95edcd6da4", "text": "This Addiction (song) `` This Addiction '' is a song by the punk rock band Alkaline Trio , released as the first single from their 2010 album This Addiction . The single was released as a digital download through online retailers on January 12 , 2010 , and as a 7 '' single exclusively through Hot Topic stores on February 9 , 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "43ce6ed48af4aac037381f712423983c", "text": "The Sky Is a Landfill `` The Sky Is a Landfill '' is the first track on the posthumous Sketches for My Sweetheart the Drunk album release by Jeff Buckley . It was written by Buckley together with bandmate Michael Tighe , whom he had worked with on `` So Real '' . Heavy , rocky and discordant , the track has a different tone from many of Buckley 's songs from his debut album Grace . Two live recordings , from performances at the New York 's The Knitting Factory and Arlene 's Grocery in 1997 , can be found online and feature different lyrics . The song is based on journalist Al Giordano 's essay `` The Medium Is the Middleman '' , which Buckley , a friend of Giordano 's , adapted : `` He applied my critique of the media industry to the music industry , and we had the exact same conclusions , '' says Giordano . `` The concept of the song was that the media turned the airwaves into a garbage dump . '' Performance artist Penny Arcade , a friend of Buckley 's , had called the song his `` magnum opus '' . The A.V. Club says that the song `` seethes with his inimitable flair for epic drama . '' Pitchfork Media says `` it 's clear that Buckley was beginning to explore a more discordant and subversive approach '' , and Rolling Stone notes the `` explosive garage-rock theater '' in the album generally , referencing the `` barking vocal rage and twisted-metal guitars '' of the song .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "26fa46297953544b18eeb3580a195239", "text": "Only Man `` Only Man '' is the eighth single from British electronic music duo Audio Bullys . The video for the song was directed by Jonas & François , and is featured on Higher Than the Eiffel , Ibiza Fever 2010 , Global Gathering Festival Anthems , Clubbers Guide to Festivals and the similarly titled single from the band .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d43f4a60cf77fd129d59625851bc8951", "text": "Slowdive discography The discography of Slowdive , an English alternative rock band , consists of four studio albums , three compilation albums , five extended plays , five singles , four music videos and various compilation releases . Slowdive were formed in Reading in late 1989 by vocalist -- guitarists Neil Halstead and Rachel Goswell . The duo recruited guitarist Christian Savill , bassist Nick Chaplin and drummer Adrian Sell -- who left the band after they signed to Creation Records and before the release of their eponymous EP Slowdive in 1990 . Released to critical acclaim from the alternative press , Slowdive was succeeded by a further two EPs , Morningrise and Holding Our Breath ( 1991 ) , both of which placed in the UK Singles Chart ; Holding Our Breath reached number 5 on the Independent Singles Chart . The band 's debut studio album , Just for a Day , was released in September 1991 to poor reviews , due in part to the British press ' growing disillusion with the shoegazing genre . However , Just for a Day was a minor independent success , peaking at number 3 on the Independent Albums Chart and gaining Slowdive a significant following in the United States . In 1993 , under pressure from Creation to produce a commercial-sounding album , Slowdive recruited ambient innovator Brian Eno and began producing new material . Souvlaki was released in May 1993 alongside the Outside Your Room EP ; both received similarly negative reviews but placed in the mainstream and independent charts , with Souvlaki peaking at number 52 on the UK Albums Chart . A follow-up EP , 5 , was released in November 1993 and placed at number 87 in the UK Singles Chart , however following a tour in support of its release drummer Simon Scott left the band due to creative differences . Slowdive 's third and final studio album , Pygmalion , was released in February 1995 . Halstead had dominated the recording process , with the album only featuring minor contributions by Goswell and Ian McCutcheon , the band 's new drummer . Reviews for Pygmalion were more favourable than the band 's preceding releases and the album peaked at number 108 in the UK Albums Chart , however Creation were unsatisfied and dropped Slowdive two weeks after its release . Following Slowdive 's disbandment in 1995 , Halstead , Goswell and McCutcheon formed Mojave 3 . The band reformed in 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4377acaf7a796bc0d1eff0d1ab491976", "text": "Cold Chillin' Cold Chillin ' is the third EP from British hardcore punk band Your Demise . Released on May 14 , 2013 , in conjunction with Impericon and Pinky Swear Records , it is the first official work since the band split from Visible Noise Records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c627556081c4854f1c4c71ce71d18b5a", "text": "Extended Play '07 Extended Play '07 is an EP by British alternative rock band Placebo , released on 31 July 2007 in the US only . It contains a popular single from every one of their albums as well as three live tracks . The EP was released mainly as a promotional item , targeting new fans created in the wake of the band 's inclusion in Projekt Revolution 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "194e9fd39f2a306789115482a1249aad", "text": "Mink Lungs The Mink Lungs were a Brooklyn-area band began in 1993 . Jennifer Hoopes and Gian Carlo Feleppa met while working at a diner in the Hamptons . Both adoring music and influenced by Michael Siegel and Gert Wilden , the pair began composing and writing music with Gian 's half-brother Tim Feleppa . Gian had also studied guitar and composition at the Berklee College of Music . Drummer Tom Galbraith relocated from San Francisco to New York and the band started recording on a four-track recorder , each contributing to the songwriting process . In April 1999 , the Mink Lungs performed its first show in New York but were soon performing in famous venues such as Brownies and the Mercury Lounge . Opening slots for Luna and Delta 72 soon followed . Before being seen , Mink Lungs were signed to the Arena Rock Recording Co. , appearing on the label 's This Is Next Year : A Brooklyn-Based Compilation . In 2002 , the band released its debut album The Better Button.Allmusic review Often switching vocals and instruments , the group has performed across the United States , including the South By Southwest Festival . Tim Feleppa contributed music to the independent film Sore Losers . Gian Feleppa and Jennifer Hoopes went on to form Emergency Party .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74c0b4a9e4638e4c7383dbeab537f415", "text": "The Beach Will Never Die The Beach Will Never Die is the third album released by surf music band The Surfin ' Lungs , released in 1990 on the Swiss label Lux-Noise . This was the first album by the new-look Lungs , with keyboardist/guitarist/vocalist Clive Gilling and drummer Graeme Block in the ranks and marked a change in style , with Gilling 's organ playing a prominent role in proceedings , while the production had a much crisper feel to it . Of the 13 tracks , 11 were written by the group , while one , `` Oh Oh I Love Her So '' was a cover of a song by The Ramones , which featured a different arrangement , while the other , `` Anywhere The Girls Are '' , stayed true to the original effort by The Fantastic Baggies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9514a329aa2ee8f6b80b3e65b50dc6f9", "text": "Elevator (EP) Elevator is an EP by the rock band Epicure . It was released in 2001 on Flugelhorn Records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a3e5aece1fd05c19574aa22929face6c", "text": "Shallow Believer Shallow Believer is an EP by American rock band The Used that was released digitally on February 19 , 2008 . The EP is a compilation of b-sides from their first 3 studio albums . The artwork was done by Bert McCracken and Alex Pardee . It gets its title from a lyric in the song `` Slit Your Own Throat '' . On Record Store Day ( April 18 , 2015 ) the EP received a physical release on royal blue vinyl , limited to 3,000 copies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab73e1fdbf4189f90f11173e23013390", "text": "Snails (EP) Snails is the second EP and third release by American rock band The Format . The EP was created to be sold at shows while The Format were on tour with Taking Back Sunday and Jimmy Eat World . It also became available on iTunes . Physical copies of the album came with a promotional code to download 2 additional tracks from The Format 's website . The EP includes two new songs ( four if you count the free downloads ) and acoustic versions of three tracks from 2003 's Interventions + Lullabies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "029404d60d7198d5d24e0e94daae9cfd", "text": "For Your Lungs Only For Your Lungs Only is the debut EP by the Chicago-based punk rock band Alkaline Trio , released May 26 , 1998 through Asian Man Records . The song `` Southern Rock '' was re-recorded for their debut album Goddamnit later that year . All four tracks from the EP were reissued on the compilation album Alkaline Trio in 2000 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1bf36563355820af7ced2333f765f8c", "text": "Breathing (Kate Bush song) `` Breathing '' is a single by Kate Bush , the first cut from her 1980 album Never for Ever , with backing vocals by Roy Harper . The single was issued on 14 April 1980 , four months before the album was released , and reached number 16 in the UK charts , remaining in the charts for seven weeks . It was the first single by Bush to feature a non-LP track on its B-side , `` The Empty Bullring '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "10971adfb9431474e44be74207127703", "text": "& (The Moth & The Flame EP) ⅋ , sometimes written Ampersand , is an EP and the debut major label recording by rock group The Moth & The Flame , released digitally on November 5 , 2013 internationally . It was produced by drummer/producer Joey Waronker ( Beck , Atoms for Peace , R.E.M. ) and mixed by Peter Katis ( The National , Interpol ) . All songs were written by The Moth & The Flame . To promote the EP , The Moth & the Flame toured Europe supporting Imagine Dragons during the fall and winter of 2013 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "3cfe3ae9e2dfcc95022a2d4c25cc3cc4", "text": "Hong Kong Hong Kong , officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People 's Republic of China , is an autonomous territory on the Pearl River Delta of China . Macau lies across the delta to the west , and the province of Guangdong borders the territory to the north . With a total land area of 1,106 km2 and a population of over 7.3 million of various nationalities , it ranks as the world 's fourth most densely populated sovereign state or territory . After the First Opium War ( 1839 -- 42 ) , Hong Kong became a British colony with the perpetual cession of Hong Kong Island , followed by the Kowloon Peninsula in 1860 and a 99-year lease of the New Territories from 1898 . Hong Kong was later occupied by Japan during World War II until British control resumed in 1945 . In the early 1980s , negotiations between the United Kingdom and China resulted in the 1984 Sino-British Joint Declaration , which paved way for the transfer of sovereignty of Hong Kong in 1997 , when it became a special administrative region ( SAR ) of the Peoples Republic of China with a high degree of autonomy . Under the principle of `` one country , two systems '' , Hong Kong maintains a separate political and economic system from China . Except in military defence and foreign affairs , Hong Kong maintains its independent executive , legislative and judiciary powers . In addition , Hong Kong develops relations directly with foreign states and international organisations in a broad range of `` appropriate fields '' . Hong Kong is one of the world 's most significant financial centres , with the highest Financial Development Index score and consistently ranks as the world 's most competitive and freest economic entity . As the world 's 8th largest trading entity , its legal tender , the Hong Kong dollar , is the world 's 13th most traded currency . It 's also a member of the World Trade Organization ( WTO ) and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation ( APEC ) . Hong Kong 's tertiary sector dominated economy is characterised by simple taxation with a competitive level of corporate tax and supported by its independent judiciary system . However , while Hong Kong has one of the highest per capita incomes in the world , it suffers from severe income inequality . Hong Kong is renowned for its deep natural harbour , which enables ready access by international cargo ships , and its impressive skyline , with a very high density of skyscrapers ; the territory boasts the second largest number of high rises of any city in the world . It has a very high Human Development Index ranking and the world 's longest life expectancy . Over 90 % of the population makes use of well-developed public transportation . Seasonal air pollution with origins from neighbouring industrial areas of Mainland China , which adopts loose emissions standards , has resulted in a high level of atmospheric particulates .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "597b6eec44e0261bae32af46a0ee7b35", "text": "Constitution of the Communist Party of China The Constitution of the Communist Party of China ( CPC ) has 53 Articles and includes contents of General Program , Membership , Organization System , Central Organizations , Local Organizations , Primary Organizations , Party Cadres , Party Discipline , Party Organs for Discipline Inspection , Leading Party Members ' Groups , Relationship Between the Party and the Communist Youth League , Party Emblem and Flag . The Party Constitution currently in force was adopted at the Twelfth National Congress of the CPC in September 1982 . In accordance with the changing situation and tasks , revisions were made in some of the articles at the Thirteenth National Congress in November 1987 and in the General Program and some of the articles at the Fourteenth National Congress in October 1992 , and a few revisions were made in the General Program at the Sixteenth National Congress of the CPC in November 2002 . The organizational principle that drives the political system of the PRC is `` democratic centralism '' . Within the system , the democratic feature demands participation and expression of opinion on key policy issues from members at all levels of party organization . It depends on a constant process of consultation and investigation . At the same time , the centralist feature requires that subordinate organizational levels follow the dictates of superior levels . Once the debate has reached the highest level and decisions concerning policy have been made , all party members are obliged to support the Central Committee . The constitution emphasizes the party 's role in promoting socialist democracy , in developing and strengthening a socialist legal system , and in consolidating public resolve to carry out the modernization program .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0fa513dd0832ea99502ee9a29acbfccd", "text": "Bishop of Hong Kong The Bishop of Hong Kong may refer to the leaders of the following religious entities : Roman Catholic Diocese of Hong Kong , established as a Prefecture Apostolic in 1841 , as a Vicariate Apostolic in 1874 , and as a Diocese in 1946 Orthodox Metropolitanate of Hong Kong and Southeast Asia , established in 1996", "title": "" }, { "docid": "61f386c2370b6642d06e904a404975fd", "text": "Steve Tsang Steve Tsang is a political scientist and historian whose expertise includes politics and governance in China , Taiwan and Hong Kong , the foreign and security policies of China and Taiwan , and peace and security in East Asia . Born in Hong Kong , Tsang received a B.A. at the University of Hong Kong in 1981 and D.Phil at St Antony 's College , Oxford in 1986 . He is a professor of contemporary Chinese studies at the University of Nottingham , and served as Head of the School of Contemporary Chinese Studies at the University of Nottingham ( 2014 -- 2016 ) and Director of the China Policy Institute ( 2011-2014 ) . In September 2016 , the School of Oriental and African Studies ( SOAS ) announced the appointment of Professor Tsang as Professor of Chinese Studies and the new Director of the SOAS China Institute , effective 1 December 2016 . Before joining the University of Nottingham , he spent his career at the University of Oxford , where among other positions , he served as Director of the Pluscarden Programme for the Study of Global Terrorism and Intelligence ( 2005 -- 2011 ) , Dean of St Antony 's College ( 2002 , 1996 -- 98 ) , Director of the Taiwan Studies Programme ( 2001 -- 2011 ) , Director of the Asian Studies Centre ( 1997 -- 2003 ) , and Director of the Oxford University Hong Kong Project ( 1987 -- 1994 ) . Tsang is the author of A Modern History of Hong Kong ( 2004 ) , which the last British Hong Kong governor Chris Patten described as `` authoritative and well-researched '' . He is also the author of Governing Hong Kong : Administrative Officers from the 19th Century to the Hand-over of China , 1862-1997 ( London : I.B. Tauris , 2007 ) ; The Cold War 's Odd Couple : The Unintended Partnership between the Republic of China and the United Kingdom , 1950-1958 ( London : I.B. Tauris , 2006 ) ; Hong Kong : An Appointment with China ( London : I.B. Tauris , 1997 ) ; Democracy Shelved : Great Britain , China and Attempts at Constitutional Reform in Hong Kong ( Oxford University Press , 1998 ) . He is the author of numerous articles in refereed journals , including most recently `` Chiang Kai-shek 's ` secret deal ' at Xian and the start of the Sino-Japanese War '' ; `` The U.S. Military and American Commitment to Taiwan 's Security '' ; `` Ma Ying-jeou 's re-election : implications for Taiwan and East Asia '' , and `` Consultative Leninism : China 's new political framework '' . Tsang is an associate fellow at Chatham House , Associate Editor of Palgrave Communication ( 2014 -- ) , Editor of the Nottingham China Policy Institute Series for Palgrave Macmillan ( 2011 -- ) , and serves on the Editorial Advisory Board for several academic journals . He regularly contributes to public debates on issues related to the politics , history , and development of East Asia , particularly China , Hong Kong , and Taiwan . He is a frequent commentator in print media and on television and radio , particularly the BBC , where he has appeared on Newsnight , BBC News at Ten , World News , BBC News , News 24 , The Talk Show , Today , PM , Newshour , What If , and various World Service programmes in English , Mandarin , and Cantonese . His op-ed contributions have appeared in The New York Times , Foreign Policy magazine , Jane 's Intelligence Review , Time , Wall Street Journal , Forbes , South China Morning Post , China Daily , Taipei Times , The Straits Times , The Globe and Mail , Chicago Tribune , and the New Statesman amongst others . He has provided expert opinions to parliamentary committees in the British House of Commons , the European Parliament , and the United States Congress . His wife is English writer Rhiannon Jenkins Tsang . They studied at Oxford University but did not meet until years later in a seminar on the 1997 Hong Kong Handover .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ce54e7c122d1c2ab731927650a43668", "text": "2014–15 Hong Kong electoral reform The Hong Kong electoral reform was a proposed reform for the 2017 Hong Kong Chief Executive election and 2016 Legislative Council election . According to the decision made by the National People 's Congress Standing Committee ( NPCSC ) of the People 's Republic of China in 2007 , the 2017 Chief Executive election may be implemented by universal suffrage . The issues on how to achieve universal suffrage in the 2017 Chief Executive election became the focal point of the public debates . Most of the major political factions campaigned for their ideas on the universal suffrage , including Occupy Central with Love and Peace , an advocacy group for the occupation movement , to pressure the Beijing government to implement full universal suffrage initiated by the pan-democracy camp , as well as the Alliance for Peace and Democracy , an anti-occupy central alliance formed by the pro-Beijing camp . After the first consultation period , lasting from December 2013 to May 2014 , a consultation report was submitted to the National People 's Congress in July 2014 . On 31 August 2014 , the NPCSC decided that a 1200-member Nominating Committee based on the present Election Committee should only select two or three candidates before presenting them for a territory-wide ballot by ordinary voters , and each candidate must have more than half of support members of the Election Committee . It also decided that the 2016 legislative election would undergo no further adaptations since those proposed by the 2010 electoral reform . On 18 June 2015 , the Legislative Council rejected the unmodified electoral reform proposal with 8 votes in favour , 28 against , and 33 not voting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4e7f4d0d975048c499f41e9e861cdd2", "text": "Distinct society Distinct society ( in la société distincte ) is a political term especially used during constitutional debate in Canada , in the second half of the 1980s and in the early 1990s , and present in the two failed constitutional amendments , the Meech Lake Accord and the Charlottetown Accord . `` Distinct society '' refers to the uniqueness of the province of Quebec within Canada , although here the meaning of `` unique '' is vague and controversial .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84a76b39b1e6ea6e43341da422af575c", "text": "Chief Justice of the Court of Final Appeal The Chief Justice of the Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal is the head of the Judiciary of Hong Kong and the chief judge of the Court of Final Appeal . The Chief Justice is one of four permanent members of the Court . During British rule between 1843 and 1997 , the office was known as the Chief Justice of Hong Kong . The Chief Justice acts as the chief administrative officer for the courts system , and in that capacity serves as the spokesperson for the judicial branch ; he is assisted by the Chief Judge of the High Court , who is responsible for the administration of the High Court and is accountable to the Chief Justice . The office of Chief Justice is second only to the Chief Executive of Hong Kong in the Hong Kong order of precedence . In the case of an impeachment of a Chief Executive of Hong Kong , the Chief Justice presides over the trial as provided by the Hong Kong Basic Law . The first Chief Justice of the Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal was Andrew Li . The second and incumbent Chief Justice is Geoffrey Ma .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "939c905aa32b86c50cd8f6373b3bf5ac", "text": "Taiwan Democratic Self-Government League The Taiwan Democratic Self-Government League is one of the eight legally recognised political parties in the People 's Republic of China that follow the direction of the Communist Party of China and are member of the Chinese People 's Political Consultative Conference . It was formed in Hong Kong on November 1947 by members of the Taiwanese Communist Party who survived the February 28 Incident . The Taiwan Democratic Self Government League has a membership of 2,100 people , most of whom are prominent people that are from Taiwan or are of Taiwanese heritage , but now reside on the mainland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca10264e9595c776a10ea8aad685bbc3", "text": "City-state A city-state is a sovereign state that consists of a city and its dependent territories . Historically , this included cities such as Rome , Athens , Carthage , and the Italian city-states during the Renaissance -- but today only a handful of sovereign city-states exist , with some disagreement as to which are city-states . A great deal of consensus exists that the term properly applies to Singapore , Monaco , and Vatican City . A number of other small states share similar characteristics , and therefore are sometimes also cited as modern city-states . Namely , Qatar , Brunei , Kuwait , Bahrain , and Malta , which each have an urban center comprising a significant proportion of the population , though , all have several distinct settlements and a designated or de facto capital city . Occasionally , other small states with high population densities , such as San Marino , are also cited , despite lacking a large urban centre characteristic of traditional city-states . Several non-sovereign cities enjoy a high degree of autonomy , and are sometimes considered city-states . Hong Kong and Macau , along with independent members of the United Arab Emirates , most notably Dubai and Abu Dhabi , are often cited as such .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "403999b9fec0304054e259f69d38a731", "text": "Hong Kong national football team The Hong Kong national football team , represents Hong Kong in international association football competitions such as the FIFA World Cup , AFC Asian Cup and East Asian Football Championship . The team is represented and supervised by the Hong Kong Football Association , the governing body for football in Hong Kong . Although usually known as simply Hong Kong , the EAFF refer to the team as Hong Kong , China . The team had been representing Hong Kong in international football events before 1997 when Hong Kong was a colony of the United Kingdom . It continues to represent Hong Kong even after Hong Kong was handed over to the People 's Republic of China by the United Kingdom and became a special administrative region of the People 's Republic of China in 1997 . This team is a separate team from the national team of the People 's Republic of China , as the Basic Law and the principle of `` One country , two systems '' allows Hong Kong to maintain its own representative teams in international sports competitions . In Hong Kong , the Hong Kong football team is colloquially referred as the `` Hong Kong team '' ( Chinese : 香港隊 ) , while the Chinese national team is referred as the `` national team '' ( Chinese : 國家隊 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4b284aa9787d2c1d3fac891ee2eeff0", "text": "People's Radio Hong Kong People 's Radio Hong Kong ( Chinese : 香港人民廣播電台 ) or its abbreviation PRHK.org ( Chinese : 人民台 ) is a defunct online radio station in Hong Kong . The initial objectives include : the formation of a local community radio station , not accepting donations participation in political groups independently operated by volunteers , accept public donations as the main source of funding . Radio Hong Kong People 's First , referred to as `` people 's first '' , created mainly to comment on current affairs and public issues , and the main program include the `` Long Menzhen Storm '' and `` ShiuShiu Podcast '' （ 風蕭蕭 ） . The second station is referred to as `` People 's second '' , mainly to discuss a small minority issues and the users produced programs , the current broadcast programs include `` international free exercise '' , `` Hong Kong people philosophy stresses '' , `` Hong Kong way out '' and '' My Network Places '' and so on . In Hong Kong , People 's Radio is aired the first Tuesday night with the Neighborhood and Workers Service Center online radio network ; Friday will be two sets of programs broadcast .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "03d1c0fb2879d73f0bb89925e1149fb4", "text": "Central and Western Democratic Power Central and Western Democratic Power is a local political group in the Central and Western district of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People 's Republic of China . It was convened by Kam Nai Wai , a member of Democratic Party and Central and Western District Councillor , and is mainly composed of pro-democracy District Councillors of the district . Its platform includes striving for general election of the Chief Executive in 2007 and Legislative Council in 2008 , public consultation of implementation of Article 23 of the Basic Law by means of a White Bill , stopping reclamation to protect the Victoria Harbour , cutting transportation fares for elderly citizens , and other local affairs . 8 out of 10 members of the group won in the 2003 District Council elections in the Central and Western district .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b70e214228ed16cad118630c1c828ef", "text": "Exit-Entry Permit for Travelling to and from Hong Kong and Macau The Exit-Entry Permit for Travelling to and from Hong Kong and Macau , colloquially known as a Two-way Permit or EEP ( Exit-Entry Permit ) is issued to Chinese nationals with residency in Mainland China as a travel document for the sole purpose to travel the Chinese Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau . The Bureau of Exit and Entry Administration of the Chinese Ministry of Public Security is responsible for the issuing of Two-way Permits and exit endorsements . Due to the `` One country , two systems '' policy , Hong Kong , Macau and Mainland Chinese residents who are Chinese citizens can not use their Chinese , Hong Kong , or Macau passports to enter their respective territories , even though those passports are considered legal valid travel document . The Two-way Permit is the sole travel document for personal visit , family reunion , business , and other non-government purposes to and from the two Chinese Special Administrative Regions . Exceptions are Mainland residents who are transiting to or from a third country or region , as they can use their Chinese passports when entering Hong Kong or Macau for a stay of seven days .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45b058561ea9150d6f24c715bf2eeaa3", "text": "Crown dependencies The Crown dependencies are the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea , and the Bailiwicks of Jersey and Guernsey in the English Channel . They are independently administered jurisdictions , and do not form part of either the United Kingdom or the British Overseas Territories . They are self-governing possessions of the Crown ( defined uniquely in each jurisdiction ) . Internationally , the dependencies are considered `` territories for which the United Kingdom is responsible '' , rather than sovereign states . As a result , they are not member states of the Commonwealth of Nations . However , they do have relationships with the Commonwealth , the European Union , and other international organisations , and are members of the British -- Irish Council . They have their own teams in the Commonwealth Games . They are not part of the European Union ( EU ) , although they are within the EU 's customs area . As the Crown dependencies are not sovereign states , the power to pass legislation affecting the islands ultimately rests with the government of the United Kingdom . However they each have their own legislative assemblies , with the power to legislate on many local matters with the assent of the Crown ( Privy Council , or in the case of the Isle of Man in certain circumstances the Lieutenant-Governor ) . In each case , the head of government is referred to as the Chief Minister .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9292c8b6b46334850a398c15a0b1e8c6", "text": "Conservatism in Hong Kong Conservatism has deep roots in Hong Kong politics and society . As a political trend , it is often reflected in but not limited to the current pro-Beijing camp , one of the two major political forces in Hong Kong , as opposed to liberalism , a dominant feature of the pro-democracy camp .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8be9d8c3cd1113ea5e38baa1a5191ef4", "text": "Hong Kong Cantonese Hong Kong Cantonese is a dialect of the Cantonese language commonly spoken in Hong Kong , as well as Macau . Although the Hong Kong people largely identify this variant of Chinese with the term `` Cantonese '' , a variety of publications in Mainland China describe the variant as Hong Kong speech . There are slight differences between the pronunciation used in Hong Kong Cantonese and that of the Cantonese spoken in the neighbouring Chinese province of Guangdong , where Cantonese ( based on the Guangzhou dialect ) is a main lingua franca . Over the years , Hong Kong Cantonese has also absorbed foreign terminology and developed a large set of Hong Kong-specific terms . These differences from the Guangzhou dialect are the result of British rule between 1841 and 1997 , as well as the closure of the Hong Kong-China border immediately after the establishment of the People 's Republic of China in 1949 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1fb87979a4e8130a8bc3aa54df0b3130", "text": "Chung Ying Street Chung Ying Street is a street on the border between Hong Kong and Shenzhen , within the border town of Sha Tau Kok ( Hong Kong ) and Shatoujiao ( Shenzhen ) . One side of the street belongs to Hong Kong and the other belongs to Mainland China . In Cantonese , Chung means China and Ying England or the United Kingdom . The name is a mark of history of the Second Convention of Peking , a treaty that China under the Qing dynasty was forced to lease New Territories to Britain in 1899 . The street was a river in 1899 . British use the high water mark as the border . The river was too shallow at the section of Sha Tau Kok . It dried before the coming of World War II . The residents on both dried river sides then erected their shops to trade . The dried river then renamed to Chung Hing Street , and later renamed to Chung Ying Street . The town of Sha Tau Kok flourished for that period of time . After World War II , with large influx of refugees from China , the British colonial government decided to close the border and the town fell within the Frontier Closed Area . The border town declined since then . Chung Ying Street was once a famous place for shopping . In the 1990s , when China was still closed to the world , Chinese tourists visited to buy foreign goods , mostly watches , clothing and jewellery . However , the prosperity has declined in the early 21st century , due to a policy allowing most people from Mainland China to apply to visit Hong Kong directly , causing Chung Ying Street to transform into a place for historical sight-seeing . The PRC government has built a museum about the history of Chung Ying Street to attract tourists again .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aec5effed4d20a55022af8770c1627ae", "text": "Vote allocation Vote allocation is a system of tactical voting used in the Republic of China on Taiwan from the late-1990s , after which the voting system is to be changed from single non-transferable vote to a parallel voting system . In this system , voters are asked to vote for a party candidate based on items such as their day of birthday so as to evenly distribute votes . In districts where a party is running two candidates , males may be asked to vote for one candidate and females for another to insure even distribution . It was also practice in Japan and South Korea , where the SNTV system were used . Hong Kong political parties started to adopt this strategy since 2000 to overcome the effect of the largest remainder system with Hare quota combined with small constituencies ( 5 - to 8-member in 2008 ) . They are able to get more seats with fewer votes by filling separate lists of candidates in the same constituencies . Category : Elections Category : Politics of Taiwan Category : Elections in Hong Kong", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ac905cf086d7b638255bba96f568a2f", "text": "Hong Kong Alliance of Chinese and Expatriates The Hong Kong Alliance of Chinese and Expatriates ( Chinese : 香港中外聯盟 ) was a small political party in Hong Kong set up in 1994 . The party aimed at upholding the Hong Kong residents holding foreign passports . It took a conservative and pro-Beijing stance as its Chairman Guy Lam Kwok-hung , who was a Canadian citizen , said Hong Kong should not be hostile towards Beijing as it was reverting to Mainland China . Guy Lam also said he supported Beijing 's decision to suppress the students in the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 . Guy Lam campaigned for a seat in the Legislative Council in the 1995 elections , but lost to Democratic Party 's Huang Chen-ya in Island West constituency . The party ceased to exist in 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "316e875d66c8052770c1907fb1b06ab6", "text": "List of political parties in China The People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) is formally a multi-party state under the leadership of the Communist Party of China ( CPC ) in a United Front similar to the popular fronts of former Communist-era Eastern European countries such as the National Front of Democratic Germany . Under the one country , two systems scheme , the Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau , which were previously colonies of European powers , operate under a different political system to the rest of the PRC . Currently , both Hong Kong and Macau possess multi-party systems .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1fcf09aad63eefe15c1e55a703cee985", "text": "Patent law in Hong Kong The patent law in Hong Kong is based on the Hong Kong Patents Ordinance of 27 June 1997 , as last amended on 22 February 2008 . The Hong Kong patent system is independent from the patent system in the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) , in that a `` patent granted for Hong Kong SAR takes effect in Hong Kong only and does not provide for protection in the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) '' . Two types of patents for inventions are available in Hong Kong , the so-called `` standard patent '' and the `` short-term patent '' : A standard patent in Hong Kong can be based on a European patent application designating to United Kingdom , or a patent application in the PRC or the United Kingdom ( UK ) . The standard patent is independent from the original foreign patent ( i.e. , from the Chinese patent , the European patent , or the UK patent ) . Short-term patents are also available . Such patents have a maximum term of eight years from the filing date . The short-term patents are subject to a formality examination only , not to a substantive examination on the patentability of the invention .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "84bdaf5f345ef312afcee46ce46634f4", "text": "Borrelia afzelii Borrelia afzelii is a species of Borrelia a bacterium that can infect various species of vertebrates and invertebrates . Among 30 Borrelia known species , it is one of four which are likely to infect humans causing a variant of Lyme disease . Coinfection by this Borrelia species with one or more pathogens can occur , carried by the vector , which appears to be in most cases the tick .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "eeef80bd0f3a78474337f5510c8a5e3d", "text": "Erythema chronicum migrans Erythema chronicum migrans ( New Latin , literally , `` chronic migrating redness '' ) refers to the rash often ( though not always ) seen in the early stage of Lyme disease . It can appear anywhere from one day to one month after a tick bite . This rash does not represent an allergic reaction to the bite , but rather an actual skin infection with the Lyme bacteria , Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato . `` Erythema migrans is the only manifestation of Lyme disease in the United States that is sufficiently distinctive to allow clinical diagnosis in the absence of laboratory confirmation . '' It is a pathognomonic sign : a physician-identified rash warrants an instant diagnosis of Lyme disease and immediate treatment without further testing , even by the strict criteria of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . Such target lesions ( bull 's - eye rashes ) are characteristic of Borrelia infections , and no other pathogens are known that cause this form of rash . A similar condition called Southern Tick Associated Rash Illness ( STARI ) produces a similar rash pattern although it develops more quickly and is smaller . The associated infectious agent has not been determined . Antibiotic treatment resolves the illness quickly . This erythema is also sometimes called erythema migrans or EM . However , a less common meaning of the term `` erythema migrans '' is a mucosal condition of the tongue , also called geographic tongue .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f0eec86793c11a3621780aa3f68d9917", "text": "Borrelia texasensis Candidatus Borrelia texasensis is a proposed new strain of the spirochete borrelia . B. texasensis was `` isolated in March 1998 from an adult male Dermacentor variabilis tick feeding on a coyote from Webb County , Texas . '' According to the discovering researchers from Georgia Southern University 's Institute of Arthropodology and Parasitology , `` It differs from other borreliae based on the banding patterns obtained by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA ( RAPD ) analysis '' along with several other variations including morphological changes identified under electron microscope . Unfortunately the researchers were `` unable to revive frozen cultures and so can not meet the requirements of the Bacteriological Code to deposit viable type material at two different culture collections '' leading to the use of the candidatus prefix .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7aa6ce3d0f13c4324de41135755a116a", "text": "Bed bug Bed bugs are parasitic insects of the cimicid family that feed exclusively on blood . Cimex lectularius , the common bed bug , is the best known as it prefers to feed on human blood . Other Cimex species specialize in other animals , e.g. , bat bugs , such as Cimex pipistrelli ( Europe ) , Cimex pilosellus ( Western United States ) , and Cimex adjunctus ( entire Eastern United States ) . The name bed bug derives from the preferred habitat of Cimex lectularius : warm houses and especially near or inside beds and bedding or other sleep areas . Bed bugs are mainly active at night , but are not exclusively nocturnal . They usually feed on their hosts without being noticed . A number of adverse health effects may result from bed bug bites , including skin rashes , psychological effects , and allergic symptoms . Bed bugs are not known to transmit any pathogens as disease vectors . Certain signs and symptoms suggest the presence of bed bugs ; finding the adult insects confirms the diagnosis . Bed bugs have been known as human parasites for thousands of years . At a point in the early 1940s , they were mostly eradicated in the developed world , but have increased in prevalence since 1995 , likely due to pesticide resistance , governmental bans on effective pesticides , and international travel . Because infestation of human habitats has begun to increase , bed bug bites and related conditions have been on the rise as well .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fae974d66178ff06f2b0cc61255f8e1e", "text": "Porphyria Porphyria is a group of diseases in which substances called porphyrins build up , affecting the skin or nervous system . The types that affect the nervous system are also known as acute porphyria . Symptoms of acute porphyria include abdominal pain , chest pain , vomiting , confusion , constipation , fever , and seizures . These symptoms typically come and go with attacks that last for days to weeks . Attacks may be triggered by alcohol , smoking , stress , or certain medications . If the skin is affected , blisters or itching may occur with sunlight exposure . The disease is usually inherited from a person 's parents and is due to a mutation in one of the genes that make heme . Some types are autosomal dominant and others are autosomal recessive . One type , porphyria cutanea tarda , may also be due to increased iron in the liver , hepatitis C , alcohol , or HIV/AIDS . The underlying mechanism results in a decrease in the amount of heme produced and a build-up of substances involved in making heme . Porphyrias may also be classified by whether the liver or the bone marrow is affected . Diagnosis is typically by blood , urine , and stool tests . Genetic testing may be done to determine the specific mutation . Treatment depends on the type of porphyria and a person 's symptoms . The treatment of porphyria of the skin generally involves the avoidance of sunlight . The treatment for acute porphyria may involve giving intravenous heme or a glucose solution . Rarely a liver transplant may be carried out . The frequency of porphyria is unclear . It is estimated that it affects 1 to 100 per 50,000 people . Rates vary around the world . Porphyria cutanea tarda is believed to be the most common type . The disease was described at least as early as 370 BC by Hippocrates . The underlying mechanism was first described by Felix Hoppe-Seyler in 1871 . The name porphyria is from the Greek πορφύρα , porphyra , meaning `` purple '' , a reference to the color of the urine that may occur during an attack .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "23d23c710ce49456d1233f823f0aba03", "text": "Dracunculiasis Dracunculiasis , also called Guinea-worm disease ( GWD ) , is an infection by the Guinea worm . A person becomes infected when they drink water that contains water fleas infected with guinea worm larvae . Initially there are no symptoms . About one year later , the person develops a painful burning feeling as the female worm forms a blister in the skin , usually on a lower limb . The worm then emerges from the skin over the course of a few weeks . During this time , it may be difficult to walk or work . It is very uncommon for the disease to cause death . In humans , the only known cause is Dracunculus medinensis . The worm is about one to two millimeters wide , and an adult female is 60 to 100 centimeters long ( males are much shorter at 12 - ) . Outside of humans , the young form can survive up to three weeks , during which they must be eaten by water fleas to continue to develop . The larva inside water fleas may survive up to four months . Thus , in order for the disease to remain in an area , it must occur each year in humans . A diagnosis of the disease can usually be made based on the signs and symptoms . Prevention is by early diagnosis of the disease followed by keeping the person from putting the wound in drinking water to decrease spread of the parasite . Other efforts include improving access to clean water and otherwise filtering water if it is not clean . Filtering through a cloth is often enough . Contaminated drinking water may be treated with a chemical called temefos to kill the larva . There is no medication or vaccine against the disease . The worm may be slowly removed over a few weeks by rolling it over a stick . The ulcers formed by the emerging worm may get infected by bacteria . Pain may continue for months after the worm has been removed . In 2015 there were 22 reported cases of the disease while in 2016 there were 25 . This is down from an estimated 3.5 million cases in 1986 . In 2016 the disease occurred in three countries , all in Africa , down from 20 countries in the 1980s . It will likely be the first parasitic disease to be globally eradicated . Guinea worm disease has been known since ancient times . It is mentioned in the Egyptian medical Ebers Papyrus , dating from 1550 BC . The name dracunculiasis is derived from the Latin `` affliction with little dragons '' , while the name `` guinea worm '' appeared after Europeans saw the disease on the Guinea coast of West Africa in the 17th century . Other Dracunculus species are known to infect various mammals , but do not appear to infect humans . Dracunculiasis is classified as a neglected tropical disease . Because dogs may also become infected , the eradication program is monitoring and treating dogs as well .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3467b918377512c9d805830161012554", "text": "Coronavirus Coronaviruses are species of virus belonging to the subfamily Coronavirinae in the family Coronaviridae , in the order Nidovirales . Coronaviruses are enveloped viruses with a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome and with a nucleocapsid of helical symmetry . The genomic size of coronaviruses ranges from approximately 26 to 32 kilobases , the largest for an RNA virus . The name `` coronavirus '' is derived from the Latin corona , meaning crown or halo , and refers to the characteristic appearance of virions under electron microscopy ( E.M. ) with a fringe of large , bulbous surface projections creating an image reminiscent of a royal crown or of the solar corona . This morphology is created by the viral spike ( S ) peplomers , which are proteins that populate the surface of the virus and determine host tropism . Proteins that contribute to the overall structure of all coronaviruses are the spike ( S ) , envelope ( E ) , membrane ( M ) and nucleocapsid ( N ) . In the specific case of the SARS coronavirus ( see below ) , a defined receptor-binding domain on S mediates the attachment of the virus to its cellular receptor , angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 ( ACE2 ) . Some coronaviruses ( specifically the members of Betacoronavirus subgroup A ) also have a shorter spike-like protein called hemagglutinin esterase ( HE ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65f206048a424d1553ce74c97a338c82", "text": "Nanophyetus salmincola Nanophyetus salmincola is a food-borne intestinal trematode parasite prevalent on the Pacific Northwest coast . The species may be the most common trematode endemic to the United States . The life cycle of the N. salmincola requires three hosts . The first intermediate host is an Juga plicifera stream snail . The second intermediate host is a salmonid fish , though some non-salmonid fishes also play a role . Lastly , the definitive host is most commonly a canid , though many other mammals are also definitive hosts , including humans . Transmission of N. salmincola to the definitive host occurs upon ingestion of parasite-infected fish . The parasite is most known for its association with `` salmon poisoning disease '' , which , left untreated , proves to be fatal to dogs and other canids . However , canids are affected by the Neorickettsia helminthoeca bacteria , for which N. salmincola acts as a vector , and not by the parasite itself . Very few known cases of naturally acquired human infection with N. salmincola are found in the literature , though it is likely that many cases are unreported , since most people are asymptomatic , or symptomatic with non-specific symptoms like gastrointestinal discomfort . Disease caused by N. salmincola , or nanophyetiasis , is easily preventable by thoroughly cooking fish before consumption . There are no known cases of human infection by the Rickettsia bacteria carried by N. salmincola . A subspecific parasite , Nanophyetus schikhobalowi , is endemic to Siberia , where human cases of nanophyetiasis have been reported in scientific literature since 1931 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ecb543c259e0b0f5b3469faef6a76a44", "text": "Kaposi's sarcoma Kaposi 's sarcoma or Kaposi sarcoma ( -LSB- ˈkæpəʃi_sɑrˈkoʊmə -RSB- KS ) is a tumor caused by infection with human herpesvirus 8 ( HHV8 ) , also known as Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus ( KSHV ) or KS agent . It was originally described by Moritz Kaposi , a Hungarian dermatologist practicing at the University of Vienna in 1872 . It became more widely known as one of the AIDS-defining illnesses in the 1980s . The viral cause for this cancer was discovered in 1994 . Although KS is now well-established to be caused by a viral infection , there is widespread lack of awareness of this even among persons at risk for KSHV/HHV -8 infection . Kaposi sarcoma ( KS ) is a systemic disease that can present with cutaneous lesions with or without internal involvement . Four subtypes have been described : Classic KS , affecting middle aged men of Mediterranean descent ; African endemic KS ; KS in iatrogenically immunosuppressed patients ; and AIDS-related KS . The erythematous to violaceous cutaneous lesions seen in KS have several morphologies : macular , patch , plaque , nodular , and exophytic . The cutaneous lesions can be solitary , localized or disseminated . KS can involve the oral cavity , lymph nodes , and viscera . Classic KS tends to be indolent , presenting with erythematous or violaceous patches on the lower extremities . African endemic KS and AIDS-related KS tend to be more aggressive . The AIDS-related KS lesions often rapidly progress to plaques and nodules affecting the upper trunk , face , and oral mucosa . The diagnosis can be made with a tissue biopsy and , if clinically indicated , internal imaging should be done . Once the diagnosis of KS has been made , treatment is based on the subtype and the presence of localized versus systemic disease . Localized cutaneous disease can be treated with cryotherapy , intralesional injections of vinblastine , alitretinoin gel , radiotherapy , topical immunotherapy ( Imiquimod ) , or surgical excision . Extensive cutaneous disease or internal disease may require intravenous chemotherapy and immunotherapy . Discontinuation or reduction of immunosuppressive therapy is recommended when KS arises in the setting of iatrogenic immunosuppression . However , with AIDS-related KS , highly active antiretroviral therapy ( HAART ) has been shown to prevent , or induce regression of , KS . Some AIDS patients have complete resolution of the lesions and prolonged remission while continuing the therapy . Therefore , HAART should be considered first-line treatment for these patients , though they may require other treatments at the same time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "216e5fc89a901494641a0983b027bd6b", "text": "HIV/AIDS denialism HIV/AIDS denialism is the belief , contradicted by conclusive medical and scientific evidence , that human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) does not cause acquired immune deficiency syndrome ( AIDS ) . Some of its proponents reject the existence of HIV , while others accept that HIV exists but argue that it is a harmless passenger virus and not the cause of AIDS . Insofar as they acknowledge AIDS as a real disease , they attribute it to some combination of sexual behavior , recreational drugs , malnutrition , poor sanitation , haemophilia , or the effects of the drugs used to treat HIV infection . The scientific consensus is that the evidence showing HIV to be the cause of AIDS is conclusive and that HIV/AIDS denialist claims are pseudoscience based on conspiracy theories , faulty reasoning , cherry picking , and misrepresentation of mainly outdated scientific data . With the rejection of these arguments by the scientific community , HIV/AIDS denialist material is now targeted at less scientifically sophisticated audiences and spread mainly through the Internet . Despite its lack of scientific acceptance , HIV/AIDS denialism has had a significant political impact , especially in South Africa under the presidency of Thabo Mbeki . Scientists and physicians have raised alarm at the human cost of HIV/AIDS denialism , which discourages HIV-positive people from using proven treatments . Public health researchers have attributed 330,000 to 340,000 AIDS-related deaths , along with 171,000 other HIV infections and 35,000 infant HIV infections , to the South African government 's former embrace of HIV/AIDS denialism . The interrupted use of antiviral treatments is also a major global concern as it potentially increases the likelihood of the emergence of antiviral-resistant strains of the virus .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a2b398dac50686ee6cbb28cbaa5c198", "text": "Epidemiology of schizophrenia Schizophrenia affects around 0.3 -- 0.7 % of people at some point in their life , or 21 million people worldwide as of 2011 ( about one of every 285 ) . By using precise methods in its diagnosis and a large , representative population , schizophrenia seems to occur with relative consistency over time during the last half-century . While it is claimed that schizophrenia occurs at similar rates worldwide , its prevalence and incidence varies across the world , within countries , and at the local and neighborhood level . It causes approximately 1 % of worldwide disability-adjusted life years ( DALYs ) . The rate of schizophrenia varies up to threefold depending on how it is defined .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "99deb149e2378553f5450aa5ae7e3394", "text": "Microfilaria Microfilaria may also refer to an informal `` collective group '' genus name , proposed by Cobbold in 1882 . While a convenient category for newly discovered microfilariae which can not be assigned to a known species because the adults are unknown , it is seldom used today . The microfilaria ( plural microfilariae , sometimes abbreviated mf ) is an early stage in the life cycle of certain parasitic nematodes in the family Onchocercidae . In these species , the adults live in a tissue or the circulatory system of vertebrates ( the `` definitive hosts '' ) . They release microfilariae into the bloodstream of the vertebrate host . The microfilariae are taken up by blood-feeding arthropod vectors ( the `` intermediate hosts '' ) . In the intermediate host the microfilariae develop into infective larvae that can be transmitted to a new vertebrate host . The presence of microfilariae in the host bloodstream is called `` microfilaraemia '' . The success of filariasis eradication programs is typically gauged by the reduction in numbers of circulating microfilariae in infested individuals within a geographic area .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a1117a13077159a5b49db9e03dc40821", "text": "Hand, foot, and mouth disease Hand , foot and mouth disease ( HFMD ) is a common infection caused by a group of viruses . It typically begins with a fever and feeling generally unwell . This is followed a day or two later by flat discolored spots or bumps that may blister , on the hands , feet , and mouth , and occasionally buttocks and groin . Signs and symptoms normally appear 3 -- 6 days after exposure to the virus . The rash generally goes away on its own in about a week . Fingernail and toenail loss may occur a few weeks later and these then regrow . The viruses that cause HFMD are spread through close personal contact , through the air from coughing , and the feces of an infected person . Contaminated objects can also spread the disease . Coxsackievirus A16 is the most common cause and Enterovirus 71 is the second-most common cause . Other strains of coxsackievirus and enterovirus can also be responsible . Some people may carry and pass on the virus despite having no symptoms of disease . Other animals are not involved . Diagnosis can often be made based on symptoms . Occasionally throat or stool sample may be tested for the virus . Handwashing may prevent spread and those infected should not go to work , daycare , or school . No antiviral medication or vaccine is available , but development efforts are underway . Most cases require no specific treatment . Simple pain medication such as ibuprofen or numbing mouth gel may be used . Occasionally intravenous fluids are given to children who are unable to drink enough . Rarely viral meningitis or encephalitis may complicate the disease . HFMD occurs in all areas of the world . It often occurs in small outbreaks in nursery schools or kindergartens . Large outbreaks have been occurring in Asia since 1997 . It usually occurs during the spring , summer , and fall months . Typically it occurs in children less than five years old , but can occasionally occur in adults . HFMD should not be confused with foot-and-mouth disease ( also known as hoof-and-mouth disease ) which mostly affects livestock .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2d993ed6008f66405f91247a3784a3ea", "text": "Epidemiology of chikungunya Chikungunya is a mosquito-borne alpha virus that was first isolated after a 1952 outbreak in modern-day Tanzania . The virus has circulated in forested regions of sub-Saharan African in cycles involving nonhuman primate hosts and arboreal mosquito vectors . Phylogenetic studies indicate that the urban transmission cycle -- the transmission of a pathogen between humans and mosquitoes that exist in urban environments -- was established on multiple occasions from strains occurring on the eastern half of Africa in non-human primate hosts . This emergence and spread beyond Africa may have started as early as the 18th century . Currently , available data does not indicate whether the introduction of chikungunya into Asia occurred in the 19th century or more recently , but this epidemic Asian strain causes outbreaks in India and continues to circulate in Southeast Asia . A number of chikungunya outbreaks have occurred since 2005 . An analysis of the chikungunya virus 's genetic code suggests that the increased severity of the 2005 -- present outbreak may be due to a change in the genetic sequence , altering the virus ' viral coat protein , which potentially allows it to multiply more easily in mosquito cells . The change allows the virus to use the Asian tiger mosquito ( an invasive species ) as a vector in addition to the more strictly tropical main vector , Aedes aegypti . In July 2006 , a team analyzed the virus ' RNA and determined the genetic changes that have occurred in various strains of the virus and identified those genetic sequences which led to the increased virulence of recent strains .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "225192f7f1dc3c7eff3f8cae6eb1317a", "text": "Oesophagostomum Oesophagostomum is a genus of parasitic nematodes of the family Strongyloidae . These worms occur in Africa , Brazil , China , Indonesia and the Philippines . The majority of human infection with Oesophagostomum is localized to northern Togo and Ghana . Because the eggs may be indistinguishable from those of the hookworms ( which are widely distributed and can also rarely cause helminthomas ) , the species causing human helminthomas are rarely identified with accuracy . Oesophagostomum , especially O. bifurcum , are common parasites of livestock and animals like goats , pigs and non-human primates , although it seems that humans are increasingly becoming favorable hosts as well . The disease they cause , oesophagostomiasis , is known for the nodule formation it causes in the intestines of its infected hosts , which can lead to more serious problems such as dysentery . Although the routes of human infection have yet to be elucidated sufficiently , it is believed that transmission occurs through oral-fecal means , with infected humans unknowingly ingesting soil containing the infectious filariform larvae . Oesophagostomum infection is largely localized to northern Togo and Ghana in western Africa where it is a serious public health problem . Because it is so localized , research on intervention measures and the implementation of effective public health interventions have been lacking . In recent years , however , there have been advances in the diagnosis of Oesophagostomum infection with PCR assays and ultrasound and recent interventions involving mass treatment with albendazole shows promise for controlling and possibly eliminating Oesophagostomum infection in northern Togo and Ghana .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d5c1e3755e79d71be5901846c51eeb13", "text": "Ebola virus cases in the United States In December 2014 , Ebola virus cases in the United States occurred due to four laboratory-confirmed cases of Ebola virus disease ( commonly known as `` Ebola '' ) in the United States . Eleven cases have been reported , including these four cases and seven cases medically evacuated from other countries ; the first was reported in September 2014 . Nine of the people contracted the disease outside the US and traveled into the country , either as regular airline passengers or as medical evacuees ; of those nine , two died . Two people have contracted Ebola in the United States . Both were nurses who treated an Ebola patient ; both have recovered . On September 30 , 2014 , the CDC announced that Thomas Eric Duncan , a reportedly 42-year-old ( later corrected by CDC reports as a 45-year-old ) Liberian national visiting the United States from Liberia , had been diagnosed with Ebola in Dallas , Texas . Duncan , who had been visiting family in Dallas , was treated at Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas . By October 4 , Duncan 's condition had deteriorated from `` serious but stable '' to `` critical '' . On October 8 , Duncan died of Ebola.The other three cases diagnosed in the United States were : October 11 , 2014 , a nurse , Nina Pham , who had provided care to Duncan at the hospital . October 14 , 2014 , Amber Joy Vinson , another nurse who treated Duncan . October 23 , 2014 , physician Craig Spencer , diagnosed in New York City ; he had just returned from working with Doctors Without Borders in Guinea , a country in west Africa . Hundreds of people were tested or monitored for potential Ebola virus infection , but the two nurses were the only confirmed cases of locally transmitted Ebola . Public health experts and the Obama administration opposed instituting a travel ban on Ebola endemic areas , stating that it would be ineffective and would paradoxically worsen the situation . No one both contracted and died of Ebola virus disease while in the United States . No new cases have been diagnosed in the United States since Craig Spencer was released from a New York City hospital on November 11 , 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "692d1cabea522638229bb289e9731952", "text": "Laryngeal papillomatosis Laryngeal papillomatosis , also known as recurrent respiratory papillomatosis or glottal papillomatosis or associated with condyloma acuminata , is a rare medical condition ( 2 per 100,000 adults and 4.5 per 100,000 children ) , caused by a human papillomavirus ( HPV ) infection of the throat . Laryngeal papillomatosis causes assorted tumors or papillomas to develop over a period of time . Without treatment it is potentially fatal as uncontrolled growths could obstruct the airway . Laryngeal papillomatosis is caused by HPV types 6 and 11 , in which benign tumors form on the larynx or other areas of the respiratory tract . These tumors can recur frequently , may require repetitive surgery , and may interfere with breathing . The disease can be treated with surgery and antivirals . In addition antiangiogenic therapy shows promising results . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "78d1fe9ac8bf31e0646ffdc8925fb239", "text": "Dog bite prevention Dog bite prevention is the effort to educate the public on the prevention of being attacked , bitten and killed by a dog or dogs . Approximately 16,000 -- 39,000 persons come in contact with potentially rabid dogs and other animals and receive rabies pre - and postexposure prophylaxis against the rabies virus each year . Up to 800,000 Americans are treated for dog bites each year . About half are children . Young children are typically bitten by familiar or family dogs during normal activities . Some people , like the very young or the very old are more susceptible to being bitten and therefore may need additional methods of prevention . Approximately 4.5 million dog bites occur each year in the United States . Almost 1 out of 5 bites becomes infected . In addition to causing pain , injury , or nerve damage , dog bites can become infected , placing the bite victim at risk for illness or death . Those who work and live around dogs should be aware of the risk and take precautions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "10b15e981728d207fa20108a79af335d", "text": "Pertussis Pertussis ( also known as whooping cough or 100-day cough ) is a highly contagious bacterial disease . Initially , symptoms are usually similar to those of the common cold with a runny nose , fever , and mild cough . This is then followed by weeks of severe coughing fits . Following a fit of coughing , a high-pitched whoop sound or gasp may occur as the person breathes in . The coughing may last for 10 or more weeks , hence the phrase `` 100-day cough '' . A person may cough so hard that they vomit , break ribs , or become very tired from the effort . Children less than one year old may have little or no cough and instead have periods where they do not breathe . The time between infection and the onset of symptoms is usually seven to ten days . Disease may occur in those who have been vaccinated , but symptoms are typically milder . Pertussis is caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis . It is an airborne disease which spreads easily through the coughs and sneezes of an infected person . People are infectious to others from the start of symptoms until about three weeks into the coughing fits . Those treated with antibiotics are no longer infectious after five days . Diagnosis is by collecting a sample from the back of the nose and throat . This sample can then be tested by either culture or by polymerase chain reaction . Prevention is mainly by vaccination with the pertussis vaccine . Initial immunization is recommended between six and eight weeks of age , with four doses to be given in the first two years of life . The vaccine becomes less effective over time , with additional doses often recommended for older children and adults . Antibiotics may be used to prevent the disease in those who have been exposed and are at risk of severe disease . In those with the disease , antibiotics are useful if started within three weeks of the initial symptoms , but otherwise have little effect in most people . In children less than one year old and among those who are pregnant , they are recommended within six weeks of symptom onset . Antibiotics used include erythromycin , azithromycin , clarithromycin , or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole . Evidence to support interventions , other than antibiotics , for the cough is poor . Many children less than a year of age require hospitalization . An estimated 16.3 million people worldwide were infected in 2015 . Most cases occur in the developing world , and people of all ages may be affected . In 2015 , it resulted in 58,700 deaths -- down from 138,000 deaths in 1990 . Nearly 0.5 % of infected children less than one year of age die . Outbreaks of the disease were first described in the 16th century . The bacterium that causes the infection was discovered in 1906 . The pertussis vaccine became available in the 1940s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "faada831d5feb8db6987748ca6749052", "text": "Ebola vaccine Ebola vaccine candidates against Ebola have been developed in the decade prior to 2014 , but none have yet been approved for clinical use in humans . Several promising vaccine candidates have been shown to protect nonhuman primates ( usually macaques ) against lethal infection . These include replication-deficient adenovirus vectors , replication-competent vesicular stomatitis ( VSV ) and human parainfluenza ( HPIV-3 ) vectors , and virus-like nanoparticle preparations . Conventional trials to study efficacy by exposure of humans to the pathogen after immunization are obviously not feasible in this case . For such situations , the FDA has established the `` Animal Efficacy Rule '' allowing licensure to be approved on the basis of animal model studies that replicate human disease , combined with evidence of safety and a potentially potent immune response ( antibodies in the blood ) from humans given the vaccine . Clinical trials involve the administration of the vaccine to healthy human subjects to evaluate the immune response , identify any side effects and determine the appropriate dosage . In December 2016 , a study found the VSV-EBOV vaccine to be 70 -- 100 % effective against the Ebola virus , making it the first proven vaccine against the disease .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f6b61856fbd0c10b73c77432f00e7790", "text": "Dermatitis herpetiformis Dermatitis herpetiformis ( DH ) , or Duhring 's disease , Freedberg , et al. ( 2003 ) . Fitzpatrick 's Dermatology in General Medicine . ( 6th ed . ) . McGraw-Hill . ISBN 0-07-138076-0 . is a chronic blistering skin condition , characterised by blisters filled with a watery fluid . Despite its name , DH is neither related to nor caused by herpes virus : the name means that it is a skin inflammation having an appearance similar to herpes . DH was first described by Louis Adolphus Duhring in 1884 . A connection between DH and celiac disease was recognised in 1967 , although the exact causal mechanism is not known . DH is a specific manifestation of celiac disease . The age of onset is usually about 15-40 , but DH can also affect children and the elderly . Men and women are equally affected . Estimates of DH prevalence vary from 1 in 400 to 1 in 10,000 . It is most common in patients of northern European/northern Indian ancestry , and is associated with the HLA-DQ2 haplotype along with coeliac disease and gluten sensitivity .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "d2a80ea08ee6120733a07b0008b2d18c", "text": "Jennifer Lawrence Jennifer Shrader Lawrence ( born August 15 , 1990 ) is an American actress . Since 2015 , Lawrence has been the highest-paid actress in the world , and her films have grossed over $ 5.5 billion worldwide . She appeared in Time 100 most influential people in the world in 2013 and Forbes Celebrity 100 the following year and in 2016 . During her childhood , Lawrence performed in church plays and school musicals . When she was 14 , a talent scout spotted her in New York . She then moved to Los Angeles and began her acting career by playing guest roles in television shows . Her first major role came as a main cast member on the sitcom The Bill Engvall Show ( 2007 -- 2009 ) . Lawrence made her film debut with a supporting role in Garden Party ( 2008 ) , and had her breakthrough playing a poverty-stricken teenager in the independent drama Winter 's Bone ( 2010 ) . She achieved wider recognition for playing the mutant Mystique in X-Men : First Class ( 2011 ) , a role she reprised in later installments of the series . Lawrence 's fame continued to grow with her starring role as Katniss Everdeen in the Hunger Games film series ( 2012 -- 2015 ) , which established her as the highest-grossing action heroine of all time . She went on to earn various accolades from her collaborations with director David O. Russell . Her performance as a depressed widow in the romance film Silver Linings Playbook ( 2012 ) received an Academy Award for Best Actress , making her the second youngest Best Actress Oscar winner . Lawrence subsequently won a BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for playing a troubled wife in the black comedy American Hustle ( 2013 ) . She also received Golden Globe Awards for her roles in both of these films and for playing the eponymous inventor in the biopic Joy ( 2015 ) . Lawrence is known in the media for being a vocal advocate of feminism and gender equality , and is the founder of the Jennifer Lawrence Foundation through which she supports various charitable organizations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bfc07d6b48325dd71368077a75aa5fbc", "text": "Joy (film) Joy is a 2015 American biographical comedy-drama film , written and directed by David O. Russell and starring Jennifer Lawrence as Joy Mangano , about whom the story is loosely based as a self-made millionaire who created her own business empire . Joy received a theatrical release on December 25 , 2015 , distributed by 20th Century Fox . It received mixed reviews from critics , who praised Lawrence 's performance but criticized the writing and pace of the film . Lawrence received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress and won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress -- Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for her performance . Joy was also nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture -- Musical or Comedy , among other accolades .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "9dc25a7f1c07ffd673c318ffca65d793", "text": "Caitlin Dulany Caitlin Dulany is an American actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ed392ed6f0e7ab9f95151bb7c7b7a432", "text": "Country Joy Country Joy is a Canadian soap opera television series which aired on CBC Television from 1979 to 1980 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0eac8226fcd34f2ef02c2b7794fa339b", "text": "Jessica Stroup Jessica Leigh Stroup ( born October 23 , 1986 ) is an American actress , best known for her role as Erin Silver on 90210 , Max Hardy on The Following , and Joy Meachum in Iron Fist . She is regarded as a scream queen for starring in the horror films Prom Night , Vampire Bats , Left in Darkness , and The Hills Have Eyes 2 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "749bfd09b56d85aad430e8f770d825e1", "text": "Joy Boushel Joy Boushel ( born 15 December 1959 ) is an actress who appeared in a handful of movies and TV shows . Boushel 's acting career has consisted of Pick-up Summer ( 1980 ) , Terror Train ( 1980 ) , Quest for Fire ( 1982 ) , Humongous ( 1982 ) , Thrillkill ( 1984 ) , The Fly ( 1986 ) , Keeping Track ( 1987 ) , Look Who 's Talking ( 1989 ) , and Cursed ( 1990 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "52c7283e650584337f7251062af98a36", "text": "Marion Marshall (actress) Marion Marshall ( born Marion Tanner ; June 8 , 1929 ) is an American actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec124f1f5664897184af737d01d67751", "text": "Aunjanue Ellis Aunjanue L. Ellis ( born February 21 , 1969 ) is an American film , stage , and television actress , and producer . She began her acting career in theater , and made her film debut in Girls Town . She later had leading roles in a number of independent movies , and co-starred in several mainstream films . Ellis is best known for her roles in films Men of Honor ( 2000 ) , The Caveman 's Valentine ( 2001 ) , Undercover Brother ( 2002 ) , Ray ( 2004 ) , The Express ( 2008 ) , The Taking of Pelham 123 ( 2009 ) and The Help ( 2011 ) . On television , Ellis had regular role in the ABC police drama series High Incident ( 1996 -- 97 ) , and later co-starred in a number of short-lived dramas . She had recurring roles on The Practice , True Blood , and The Mentalist , and played roles in a number of made for television movies , such as Gifted Hands : The Ben Carson Story ( 2009 ) and Abducted : The Carlina White Story ( 2013 ) . In 2015 , Ellis played the leading role in the miniseries The Book of Negroes , based on bestselling novel by Lawrence Hill . She received critical acclaim and a Critic 's Choice Award nomination for Best Actress in a Movie/Miniseries . Later that year , she began starring as Miranda Shaw in the ABC thriller series Quantico . In 2016 , Ellis played Nancy Turner , Nat Turner 's mother , in the critically acclaimed period drama film , The Birth of a Nation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9068d7e9e360403bd15be8490c400310", "text": "Joy Behar Josephine Victoria Behar ( -LSB- ˈbeɪhɑːr -RSB- née Occhiuto ; born October 7 , 1942 ) is an American comedian , writer , and actress . She co-hosts the ABC daytime talk show The View . She hosted The Joy Behar Show on HLN from 2009 to 2011 and Joy Behar : Say Anything ! on Current TV , from 2012 until the channel switched formats in August 2013 . Behar 's new weekly late-night talk show , Late Night Joy , premiered on TLC in November 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d61940558f6baa854cfac3f831b36ac5", "text": "Joy (South African band) Joy was a South African female vocal group , who had a charts-topping hit in South Africa in 1980 with `` Paradise Road '' . The record spent nine weeks at the No. 1 spot , and went on to become considered an unofficial South African anthem . Felicia Marion , Thoko Ndlozi and Anneline Malebo joined forces in 1979 and proceeded to set South African stages alight with colourful and fiery performances . They were very successful in the South African charts as well . Prior to their forming , each singer led a solo career . Thoko Ndlozi had appeared in a couple of Gibson Kente 's productions , Zwi and Sikalo , and had sung with the Uncle Joe Rhythm Cabins . Felicia Marion did backing vocals for Sammy Brown and toured the country with the Sound Black Shows . Anneline Malebo toured with the Rockets and recorded two solo singles : `` Let 's Live Together '' ( 1976 ) and `` Love The Way You Love '' ( 1977 ) . Brenda Fassie sang with Joy for a short period , filling in for Anneline Malebo who was on maternity leave . Joy have supported Lamont Dozier , Timmy Thomas , Clarence Carter and Dobie Gray on their South African tours , and Leo Sayer at Sun City . The trio also held a lengthy singing-recording relationship with Spirits Rejoice . Joy won two SARIE Awards for Best Vocal Group and Best English LP of the Year in 1980 . They broke up in 1983 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37da7636c780f7f250727b24baf063bb", "text": "Lois Smith Lois Arlene Smith ( née Humbert ; born November 3 , 1930 ) is an American actress . She has played supporting roles in films including East of Eden , Five Easy Pieces , Resurrection , Fatal Attraction , Fried Green Tomatoes , Dead Man Walking , Tumbleweeds , Twister , Please Give , and The Nice Guys . In television she has performed in series that include The Americans , True Blood , and Desperate Housewives . Smith is also known for her extensive work in the theatre , receiving two Tony Award nominations for originating the role of Ma Joad in The Grapes of Wrath ( 1990 ) and for the role of Halie in a revival of Buried Child in 1996 . She also starred in an acclaimed Off-Broadway revival of The Trip to Bountiful in 2005 for which she received an Obie Award for Best Actress , an Outer Critics Circle Award , a Lucille Lortel Award , and a Drama Desk Award . Smith is an ensemble member of Steppenwolf Theatre Company in Chicago . She was inducted into the American Theatre Hall of Fame in 2007 for her outstanding contributions to the theatre . In 2013 she was given a Lifetime Achievement Obie Award for excellence in Off-Broadway performance . In her career she has also taught , directed , and written for the stage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "44b4f109a6f98f07abff559e204e34fc", "text": "Anne Bloom Anne Bloom ( born January 1 ( New Year 's Day ) , 1947 , in Los Angeles ) is an American former film and television actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b664f240c78ef3df45e19c376e99c08b", "text": "Petra Joy Petra Joy ( born 1964 in Kempten , West Germany ) is an award-winning German feminist film director , film producer , TV producer , distributor , author , and photographer . She lives in Brighton , England . Along with Candida Royalle , Annie Sprinkle , Maria Beatty , and others , she is one of the pioneers of the movement to make pornography for women . Her genre is described as `` art-core , '' meaning the focus is on sexuality from the female perspective , female pleasure , and creative , sensual play . Common themes in her erotic films include safe sex , men seen as sexual objects , female fantasies , and male bisexuality .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2b5a8dea753d95d01fe6f12b437a5052", "text": "Joy Davidson Joy Davidson ( born August 18 , 1937 , Fort Collins , Colorado ) is an American operatic mezzo-soprano , actress , and pedagogue . She has performed internationally in many of the world 's great opera houses .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d7bd9f9bdac2af58d43937630af0fbd", "text": "Julie Ann Emery Julie Ann Emery ( born January 16 , 1975 ) is an American actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a76b1d8822bae9636a053db2fcdb1e4", "text": "Sylvia Kauders Sylvia Kauders ( née Wolinsky ; December 1 , 1921 -- May 5 , 2016 ) was an American film , television , and theater actress known for numerous small but memorable roles on Broadway and in major motion pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "024513f14edff7bc17898d3ad22d0c25", "text": "Han Ye-seul Han Ye-seul ( born Leslie Kim on 18 September 1981 ) is an American-born South Korean actress . She made her acting debut in the sitcom Nonstop 4 ( 2003 ) , and has since played leading roles in television dramas such as Couple or Trouble ( 2006 ) , Tazza ( 2008 ) , and Birth of a Beauty ( 2014 ) , as well as the films Miss Gold Digger ( 2007 ) and Penny Pinchers ( 2011 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f23b5aec5bd81e73ba716439b60e4a6f", "text": "Osas Ighodaro Osas Ighodaro Ajibade ( born Osariemen Martha Elizabeth Ighodaro ; 26 October ) is a Nigerian American actress , host and humanitarian . She won the Miss Black USA Pageant in 2010 and founded The Joyful Joy Foundation , raising funds and awareness towards the fight against Malaria . Additionally , she co-hosted the 2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards . She played the role of Adanna ( Danni ) on the soap opera Tinsel , and won Best TV Actress of the Year at the 2014 ELOY Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "91f1227ab7fa88c887d524df013f26e3", "text": "Susan Johnson (actress) Susan Johnson ( July 6 , 1927 -- February 24 , 2003 ) , also known as Susan Johnson-Kehn , was an American actress and singer . She appeared primarily in musical theatre , but also appeared in films and television .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "95da2e0ca5d030c3853000827220e3cf", "text": "Sondra Currie Sondra Currie ( born Sandra Marie Currie ; January 11 , 1947 ) is an American actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d6d88f249b8f199445d293584ae1ea3a", "text": "Anne Twomey Anne Carolyn Twomey ( born 7 June 1951 ) is an American theater , film , and television actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57b652ef2ecd97307616cc932d95bb63", "text": "Kimberlin Brown Kimberlin Ann Brown ( born June 29 , 1961 ) is an American actress , best known for her role as Sheila Carter in The Young and the Restless ( May 1990 to May 1992 , 1993 , 1994 , 1995 , August 2005 to January 2006 ) and The Bold and the Beautiful ( May 1992 to October 2 , 1998 , April 2002 to November 2002 , September 29 , 2003 to October 10 , 2003 ) .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "906a236b76d380bb209a35d586d2b0e0", "text": "The Incredible Hulk (film) The Incredible Hulk is a 2008 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character the Hulk , produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Universal Pictures . It is the second film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe ( MCU ) . The film was directed by Louis Leterrier , with a screenplay by Zak Penn. . It stars Edward Norton , Liv Tyler , Tim Roth , Tim Blake Nelson , Ty Burrell , and William Hurt . In The Incredible Hulk , a new backstory is established where Bruce Banner becomes the Hulk as an unwitting pawn in a military scheme to reinvigorate the supersoldier program through gamma radiation . On the run , he attempts to cure himself of the Hulk before he is captured by General Thaddeus Ross , but his worst fears are realized when power-hungry soldier Emil Blonsky becomes a similar , but more bestial creature . After the mixed reception to the 2003 film Hulk , Marvel Studios reacquired the rights to the character . Leterrier , who had expressed interest in directing Iron Man , was brought onboard and Penn began work on a loose sequel that would be much closer to the comics and the 1978 television series of the same name . In April 2007 , Norton was hired to portray Banner and to rewrite Penn 's screenplay in order to distance itself from the 2003 film and establish its own identity , although he would go uncredited for his writing . Filming mostly took place in Toronto , Ontario , from July to November 2007 . Over 700 visual effects shots were created in post-production using a combination of motion capture and computer-generated imagery to complete the film . The Incredible Hulk premiered on June 8 , 2008 at the Gibson Amphitheatre in Universal City , California and was released in theaters on June 13 , 2008 , receiving generally favorable reviews by critics upon release . Critical praise went to the improved visuals , action sequences , and the portrayal of the title character . The film was number one at the box office , grossing over $ 263 million worldwide . Norton was set to reprise the role of Banner in The Avengers and any other MCU installment featuring the character , but he was ultimately replaced by Mark Ruffalo , who has signed on to portray the character in all potential sequels .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "2eb6c4391d6099a4480c69d005447066", "text": "Kung Fu Panda 2 Kung Fu Panda 2 is a 2011 3D American computer-animated comedy-drama martial arts film , directed by Jennifer Yuh Nelson , produced by DreamWorks Animation , and distributed by Paramount Pictures . It is the sequel to the 2008 film Kung Fu Panda and the second installment in the Kung Fu Panda franchise . Jack Black , Angelina Jolie , Dustin Hoffman , Seth Rogen , Lucy Liu , David Cross , James Hong , and Jackie Chan reprise their character roles from the original film . They are joined by Gary Oldman , Michelle Yeoh and Danny McBride . In the film , Po and the Furious Five battle an evil peacock named Lord Shen who has a powerful weapon that he plans to conquer China with . However Po discovers a terrifying secret about his past in the process . The film was released in theatres May 26 , 2011 in Real D 3D and Digital 3D . Kung Fu Panda 2 grossed $ 665 million worldwide against its $ 150 million budget . The film was the highest-grossing animated feature film of the year and was nominated for the 2011 Academy Award for Best Animated Feature at the 84th Academy Awards . A sequel , titled Kung Fu Panda 3 , and directed by Jennifer Yuh Nelson and Alessandro Carloni , was released on January 29 , 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e05956e8ed91bed9a8dd89213d43da62", "text": "Thor (Marvel Comics) Thor Odinson is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . The character , based on the Norse mythological deity of the same name , is the Asgardian god of thunder and possesses the enchanted hammer Mjolnir , which grants him the ability of flight and weather manipulation amongst his other superhuman attributes . Debuting in the Silver Age of Comic Books , the character first appeared in Journey into Mystery # 83 ( Aug. 1962 ) and was created by editor-plotter Stan Lee , scripter Larry Lieber , and penciller-plotter Jack Kirby . He has starred in several ongoing series and limited series , and is a founding member of the superhero team the Avengers , appearing in each volume of that series . The character has also appeared in associated Marvel merchandise including animated television series , clothing , toys , trading cards , video games , and movies . The character was first portrayed in live action by Eric Allan Kramer in the 1988 television movie The Incredible Hulk Returns . Chris Hemsworth portrays Thor in the Marvel Cinematic Universe films Thor , The Avengers , Thor : The Dark World and Avengers : Age of Ultron and will reprise his role in Thor : Ragnarok , Avengers : Infinity War , and its untitled sequel . Thor placed 14th on IGN 's list of `` Top 100 Comic Book Heroes of All Time '' in 2011 , and first in their list of `` The Top 50 Avengers '' in 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ced05eef9ffac83662b4e2c14f405499", "text": "Captain Marvel (DC Comics) Captain Marvel , also known as Shazam , is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics . Artist C. C. Beck and writer Bill Parker created the character in 1939 . Captain Marvel first appeared in Whiz Comics # 2 ( cover-dated Feb. 1940 ) , published by Fawcett Comics . He is the alter ego of Billy Batson , a boy who , by speaking the magic word `` SHAZAM '' ( acronym of 6 Greek `` immortal elders '' - Solomon , Hercules , Atlas , Zeus , Achilles , and Mercury ) , can transform himself into a costumed adult with the powers of superhuman strength , speed , flight , and other abilities . Based on book sales , the character was the most popular superhero of the 1940s , outselling even Superman . Fawcett expanded the franchise to include other `` Marvels '' , primarily Marvel Family associates Mary Marvel and Captain Marvel Jr. , who can harness Billy 's powers as well . Captain Marvel was also the first comic book superhero to be adapted into film , in a 1941 Republic Pictures serial titled Adventures of Captain Marvel . Fawcett ceased publishing Captain Marvel-related comics in 1953 , partly because of a copyright infringement suit from DC Comics , alleging that Captain Marvel was a copy of Superman . In 1972 , DC licensed the Marvel Family characters from Fawcett , and returned them to publication . By 1991 , DC had acquired all rights to the characters . DC has since integrated Captain Marvel and the Marvel Family into their DC Universe and has attempted to revive the property several times , with mixed success . Due to trademark conflicts over another character named `` Captain Marvel '' owned by Marvel Comics since 1967 , DC chose to publish the character 's adventures in a comic book titled Shazam ! for many years , leading many to assume that this was the character 's name . DC later officially renamed the character `` Shazam '' when relaunching its comic book properties in 2011 . In addition , since 1972 , the character has been featured in two television series adaptations , one live action and one animated , by Filmation , and an upcoming Warner Bros. . Shazam ! feature film scheduled for release in 2019 as part of the DC Extended Universe . Captain Marvel was ranked as the 55th greatest comic book character of all time by Wizard magazine . IGN also ranked Captain Marvel as the 50th greatest comic book hero of all time , stating that the character will always be an enduring reminder of a simpler time . UGO Networks ranked him as one of the top heroes of entertainment , saying , `` At his best , Shazam has always been Superman with a sense of crazy , goofy fun '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ac9b47f5bae389633a818d3a790276b", "text": "The Dark Knight (film) The Dark Knight is a 2008 superhero film directed , co-produced , and co-written by Christopher Nolan . Featuring the DC Comics character Batman , the film is the second part of Nolan 's The Dark Knight Trilogy and a sequel to 2005 's Batman Begins , starring an ensemble cast including Christian Bale , Michael Caine , Heath Ledger , Gary Oldman , Aaron Eckhart , Maggie Gyllenhaal and Morgan Freeman . In the film , Bruce Wayne/Batman ( Bale ) , James Gordon ( Oldman ) and Harvey Dent ( Eckhart ) form an alliance to dismantle organized crime in Gotham City , but are menaced by a criminal mastermind known as the Joker ( Ledger ) who seeks to undermine Batman 's influence and create chaos . Nolan 's inspiration for the film was the Joker 's comic book debut in 1940 , the 1988 graphic novel The Killing Joke , and the 1996 series The Long Halloween , which retold Two-Face 's origin . The nickname `` the Dark Knight '' was first applied to Batman in Batman # 1 ( 1940 ) , in a story written by Bill Finger . The Dark Knight was filmed primarily in Chicago , as well as in several other locations in the United States , the United Kingdom , and Hong Kong . Nolan used IMAX 70 mm film cameras to film some sequences , including the Joker 's first appearance in the film . The film is dedicated to the memory of Ledger , who died on January 22 , 2008 , some months after the completed filming and six months before the film 's release , from a toxic combination of prescription drugs , leading to intense attention from the press and movie-going public . Warner Bros. initially created a viral marketing campaign for The Dark Knight , developing promotional websites and trailers highlighting screenshots of Ledger as the Joker . A co-production of the United States and the United Kingdom , The Dark Knight was released on July 16 , 2008 in Australia , on July 18 , 2008 , in North America , and on July 25 , 2008 , in the United Kingdom . Considered by film critics to be one of the best films of the 2000s and one of the best superhero films ever , the film received highly positive reviews and set numerous records during its theatrical run . The Dark Knight appeared on more critics ' top ten lists ( 287 ) than any other film of 2008 with the exception of WALL-E , and more critics ( 77 ) named The Dark Knight the best film of 2008 than any other film released that year . With over $ 1 billion in revenue worldwide , it is the 29th-highest-grossing film of all time , unadjusted for inflation . The film received eight Academy Award nominations ; it won the award for Best Sound Editing and Ledger was posthumously awarded Best Supporting Actor . The Dark Knight Rises , the final film in the trilogy , was released on July 20 , 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d698ed9bc14db99bc46568a252539259", "text": "Will Smith Willard Carroll Smith Jr. ( born September 15 , 1968 ) is an American actor , producer , rapper , and songwriter . In April 2007 , Newsweek called him `` the most powerful actor in Hollywood '' . Smith has been nominated for five Golden Globe Awards and two Academy Awards , and has won four Grammy Awards . In the late 1980s , Smith achieved modest fame as a rapper under the name The Fresh Prince . In 1990 , his popularity increased dramatically when he starred in the popular NBC television series The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air , which ran for six seasons until 1996 . After the series ended , Smith transitioned from television to film , and has gone on to star in numerous blockbuster films . He is the only actor to have eight consecutive films gross over $ 100 million in the domestic box office , eleven consecutive films gross over $ 150 million internationally , and eight consecutive films in which he starred open at the number one spot in the domestic box office tally . Smith has been ranked as the most bankable star worldwide by Forbes . As of 2014 , 17 of the 21 films in which he has had leading roles have accumulated worldwide gross earnings of over $ 100 million each , five taking in over $ 500 million each in global box office receipts . As of 2016 , his films have grossed $ 7.5 billion at the global box office . For his performances as boxer Muhammad Ali in Ali ( 2001 ) and stockbroker Chris Gardner in The Pursuit of Happyness ( 2006 ) , Smith received nominations for the Academy Award for Best Actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab776c8e054188f0657ac63f8105ecf6", "text": "Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series . Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments . The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1445773c08da50707979a85167e4edf4", "text": "Houston Film Critics Society Awards 2010 The 4th Houston Film Critics Society Awards were presented on December 18 , 2010 . These awards for `` extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Houston Film Critics Society ( HFCS ) based in Houston , Texas . The organization , founded in 2007 , includes 22 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications in the greater Houston area . The awards are co-sponsored by the Houston Film Commission , Southwest Alternate Media Project , Women in Film and Television/Houston , WorldFest , and the Houston Cinema Arts Society . The nominations for the 2010 awards were announced on December 12 , 2010 . Eligible films do not need to have played or opened in a Houston film theater prior to the nomination deadline , merely made available to the HFCS membership at a screening or on DVD . Along with the 13 `` best of '' category awards , this year also saw the introduction of a new category for `` Worst Movies of the Year '' . The Social Network , True Grit , and 127 Hours each received six nominations , all including the Best Picture , Actor , Direction , and Original Score categories . The Social Network was the HFCS 's most awarded film of 2010 taking top honors in the Best Picture , Best Director ( David Fincher ) , Best Actor ( Jesse Eisenberg ) , and Best Screenplay ( Aaron Sorkin ) categories . Inception was the only other film to garner multiple awards , winning both the Best Original Score ( Hans Zimmer ) and Best Cinematography ( Wally Pfister ) prizes . The other acting awards went to Natalie Portman as Best Actress for Black Swan , Hailee Steinfeld as Best Supporting Actress for True Grit , and Christian Bale as Best Supporting Actor for The Fighter . The remaining film honors went to Toy Story 3 as Best Animated Film , Restrepo as Best Documentary , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo as Best Foreign Language Film . `` We Are Sex Bob-Omb '' by Beck from Scott Pilgrim vs. the World was named the Best Original Song . The HFCS 's first-ever award for `` Worst Picture '' was given to Jonah Hex starring Josh Brolin . In addition to the category awards , the HFCS presented their annual Lifetime Achievement Award to Sissy Spacek and its Humanitarian Award to George Clooney . Clooney was selected for `` selflessly using his celebrity for greater good '' . The HFCS award for Outstanding Achievement in Cinema awards were presented to Charles Dove , director of the Rice University Media Center , and Hector Luna , the founder and editor of C-47 Houston .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db78e203bc4ec780312679f68b51ceb0", "text": "Motion Picture Association of America film rating system The Motion Picture Association of America ( MPAA ) film rating system is used in the United States and its territories to rate a film 's suitability for certain audiences based on its content . The MPAA rating system is a voluntary scheme that is not enforced by law ; films can be exhibited without a rating , although many theaters refuse to exhibit non-rated or NC-17 rated films . Non-members of MPAA may also submit films for rating . Other media , such as television programs and video games , is rated by other entities such as the ESRB and the TV Parental Guidelines . The MPAA rating system is one of various motion picture rating systems that are used to help parents decide what films are appropriate for their children . It is administered by the Classification & Ratings Administration ( CARA ) , an independent division of the MPAA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db1004c025efd393607f879831ad4c53", "text": "Crocodile Dundee Crocodile Dundee ( stylized as `` Crocodile '' Dundee in the U.S. ) is a 1986 Australian-American comedy film set in the Australian Outback and in New York City . It stars Paul Hogan as the weathered Mick Dundee . Hogan 's future wife Linda Kozlowski portrayed Sue Charlton . Inspired by the true life exploits of Rod Ansell , the film was made on a budget of under $ 10 million as a deliberate attempt to make a commercial Australian film that would appeal to a mainstream American audience , but proved to be a worldwide phenomenon . Released on 30 April 1986 in Australia , and on 26 September 1986 in the United States , it was the second-highest-grossing film in the United States in that year and went on to become the second-highest grossing film worldwide at the box office as well , with an estimated 46 million tickets sold in the US . There are two versions of the film : the Australian version , and an international version , which had much of the Australian slang replaced with more commonly understood terms , and was slightly shorter . Although the film was a hit both in Australia and abroad , it became controversial with some Australian critics and audiences -- who resented the image of Australians as being ocker . The first scenes were filmed in the small town of McKinlay in Queensland . The hotel has original warped and polished hardwood floors . There are no crocodiles in the area as it 's in the outback with no major water source . Crocodile Dundee was followed by two sequels : Crocodile Dundee II ( 1988 ) and Crocodile Dundee in Los Angeles ( 2001 ) , although both films failed to match the critical success of the predecessor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f501bca0cd78ba1f30657e298cc11aa4", "text": "List of Billboard 200 number-one albums of 1983 The Billboard 200 , published in Billboard magazine , is a weekly chart that ranks the highest-selling music albums and EPs in the United States . In 1983 , the name of the chart was Top LPs & Tape . Before Nielsen SoundScan began tracking sales in 1991 , Billboard estimated sales from a representative sampling of record stores nationwide , using telephone , fax or messenger service . Data were based on rankings made by the record stores of the best-selling records , not on actual sales figures . There were six number-one albums on this chart in 1983 , including the debut album of the Australian band Men at Work , Business as Usual , which spent the last seven weeks of 1982 and the first eight weeks of 1983 at number one , and was certified quadruple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) in 1984 . Thriller , the sixth studio album by recording artist Michael Jackson , was released on November 1982 . It peaked at number one for twenty-two non-consecutive weeks in 1983 with another fifteen consecutive weeks at the top into the following year , and seven songs from the album became top ten singles between late 1982 and early 1984 . Two of them : `` Billie Jean '' and `` Beat It '' , reached the top position of the Billboard Hot 100 . Thriller won eight Grammy Awards , including Album of the Year at the 26th Grammy Awards , and was the best-selling album of 1983 with more than fifteen million copies sold . In 2008 , twenty-five years after its release , the record was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame , and a few weeks later , it was among twenty-five recordings preserved by the Library of Congress to the National Recording Registry as `` culturally significant '' . Flashdance , the soundtrack to the 1983 musical and romance film of the same name , peaked at number one for two weeks and won the Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture . The two singles released from the album , `` Flashdance ... What a Feeling '' by Irene Cara , and `` Maniac '' by Michael Sembello , reached the top of the singles chart in 1983 . The New York Times considered the British band The Police to be the year 's most influential rock band . Australian , British , and American bands copied the white-reggae formula of their ( The Police 's ) earlier successes . The group released their fifth and final studio album , Synchronicity , in 1983 . The album , a varied accomplished blend of rock , funk , and third-world rhythms , stayed at number one for seventeen weeks and was certified four times platinum by the RIAA in 1984 . Metal Health , the third album by heavy metal band Quiet Riot , peaked at number one for one week , becoming the first heavy metal record to reach the top of the Billboard 200 . Singer-songwriter Lionel Richie released his second album Ca n't Slow Down in 1983 , which spent three weeks at the top and won the Grammy Award for Album of the Year at the 27th Grammy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8e50128bcbd5d2f49bc495827ef5995c", "text": "E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial is a 1982 American science fiction fantasy film co-produced and directed by Steven Spielberg , and written by Melissa Mathison . It features special effects by Carlo Rambaldi and Dennis Muren , and stars Henry Thomas , Dee Wallace , Robert MacNaughton , Drew Barrymore , Peter Coyote and Pat Welsh . It tells the story of Elliott ( Thomas ) , a lonely boy who befriends an extraterrestrial , dubbed `` E.T. '' , who is stranded on Earth . He and his siblings help it return home while attempting to keep it hidden from their mother and the government . The concept was based on an imaginary friend Spielberg created after his parents ' divorce in 1960 . In 1980 , Spielberg met Mathison and developed a new story from the stalled sci-fi horror film project Night Skies . It was shot from September to December 1981 in California on a budget of US$ 10.5 million . Unlike most films , it was shot in rough chronological order , to facilitate convincing emotional performances from the young cast . Released on June 11 , 1982 by Universal Pictures , E.T was an immediate blockbuster , surpassing Star Wars to become the highest-grossing film of all time -- a record it held for eleven years until Jurassic Park , another Spielberg-directed film , surpassed it in 1993 . It is the highest-grossing film of the 1980s . Widely regarded as one of the greatest films of all time , critics acclaimed it as a timeless story of friendship , and it ranks as the greatest science fiction film ever made in a Rotten Tomatoes survey . In 1994 , it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . It was re-released in 1985 , and then again in 2002 to celebrate its 20th anniversary , with altered shots and additional scenes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4e29517648c01e1e581e4268fd7e95f", "text": "Die Hard with a Vengeance Die Hard with a Vengeance is a 1995 American action film and the third in the Die Hard film series . It was co-produced and directed by John McTiernan ( who directed Die Hard ) , written by Jonathan Hensleigh , and stars Bruce Willis as New York City Police Department Lieutenant John McClane , Samuel L. Jackson as McClane 's reluctant partner Zeus Carver , and Jeremy Irons as Simon Peter Gruber . It was released on May 19 , 1995 , five years after Die Hard 2 , becoming the highest-grossing film at the worldwide box-office that year , but received mixed reviews . It was followed by Live Free or Die Hard and A Good Day to Die Hard in 2007 and 2013 , respectively .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "48929d0db43509ad9e93c04b85b6cea4", "text": "Gran Torino Gran Torino is a 2008 American drama film directed and produced by Clint Eastwood , who also starred in the film . The film co-stars Christopher Carley , Bee Vang and Ahney Her . This was Eastwood 's first starring role since 2004 's Million Dollar Baby . The film features a large Hmong American cast , as well as one of Eastwood 's younger sons , Scott . Eastwood 's oldest son , Kyle , provided the score . Gran Torino opened via a limited theatrical release in North America on December 12 , 2008 , and later to a worldwide release on January 9 , 2009 . Set in Detroit , Michigan , it is the first mainstream American film to feature Hmong Americans . Many Lao Hmong war refugees resettled in the U.S. following the communist takeover of Laos in 1975 . The story follows Walt Kowalski , a recently widowed Korean War veteran alienated from his family and angry at the world . Walt 's young neighbor , Thao Vang Lor , is pressured by his cousin into stealing Walt 's prized 1972 Ford Gran Torino for his initiation into a gang . Walt thwarts the theft with his M1 Garand rifle and subsequently develops a relationship with the boy and his family . Gran Torino was a critical and commercial success , grossing nearly $ 270 million worldwide ( making it Eastwood 's second highest-grossing film to date ) . Within the Hmong community in the United States , the film received both praise and criticism .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5080049e8ea5518cf12fd0944e132b55", "text": "Paul Blart: Mall Cop Paul Blart : Mall Cop is a 2009 American action comedy film directed by Steve Carr and co-written by Kevin James , who stars as the title character , Paul Blart . Filming began in February 2008 with most of the shooting taking place at the Burlington Mall in Burlington , Massachusetts . The film opened in the United States on January 16 , 2009 , distributed by Columbia Pictures . Against a budget of $ 26 million , it grossed $ 31.8 million in its opening weekend and finished with a gross of more than $ 146 million in North America and a worldwide total exceeded $ 183 million . Paul Blart : Mall Cop was released on DVD , Blu-ray , and UMD on May 19 , 2009 . A sequel , Paul Blart : Mall Cop 2 , was released on April 17 , 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d234d4a641c49429238cb1950043a61a", "text": "Events from the Modern Age of Comic Books One of the key aspects of the Modern Age of Comic Books was that it was the beginning of big events . In 1984 , Marvel Comics debuted the first large crossover , Secret Wars , a storyline featuring the company 's most prolific superheroes , which overlapped into a 12-issue limited series and many monthly comic books . A year later , DC Comics introduced its first large scale crossover , Crisis on Infinite Earths , which had long-term effects on the `` DC Universe '' continuity . In the early and mid-1990s , big events were regularly published by Marvel and DC , often leading to extra publicity and sales . These events helped fend-off competition from Image Comics , and such events were more likely to become `` collector 's items . '' Some events , such as DC 's `` Zero Hour '' and Marvel 's `` Onslaught saga '' spanned a publisher 's entire line while others only affected a `` family '' of interrelated titles . The X-Men and Batman franchises featured crossovers almost annually . Some of the most significant mid-1990s events , such as Spider-Man 's `` Clone Saga , '' Batman 's `` Batman : Knightfall '' and particularly , `` The Death of Superman '' caused dramatic changes to long-running characters and received coverage in the mainstream media . These events led to significant sales boosts and publicity , but many fans began to criticize them as excessive and lacking compelling storytelling . They also complained that monthly series had become inaccessible because one had to follow a number of comics to understand the full storyline . By the end of the 1990s , the number of large crossovers decreased , but they were still launched sporadically .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1655975ea2b141bfd7957f5ee86c985", "text": "List of American films of 1978 A list of American films released in 1978 . The Deer Hunter won the Academy Award for Best Picture of 1978 . Superman was the highest-grossing film of 1978 . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a69a9db544dfebd1ceab0575d8154cf", "text": "Film Booking Offices of America Film Booking Offices of America ( FBO ) , also known as FBO Pictures Corporation , was an American film studio of the silent era , a producer and distributor of mostly low-budget films . The business began in 1918 as Robertson-Cole ( U.S. ) , the American division of a British import -- export company and Robertson-Cole was formed by the English-born Harry F. Robertson and the American Rufus Sidman Cole . Robertson-Cole bought the Hallmark Exchanges ( formerly the Mutual Exchanges that became known as Exhibitors-Mutual Exchanges ) from Frank J. Hall in 1920 . Exhibitors-Mutual/Hallmark had distributed Robertson-Cole product , and acquiring the exchanges gave them the right to distribute their own films plus Hall 's product , with the exception of Charlie Chaplin reissues he had the rights to . Robertson-Cole initiated movie production in the United States in 1920 . That year , it incorporated Robertson-Cole Studios , Inc. and bought 460 acres in Santa Monica , California to establish a studio . The property , which became known as the `` R.C. Ranch '' , enabled Robertson-Cole to centralize movie production , which previously had been scattered . The movie company had relied on equipment rentals to produce motion pictures . Two years later , a corporate reorganization led to the company 's new name , with FBO becoming the official name of the distributing operation and Robertson-Cole Pictures Corp. the name of the production operation . In 1923 , the studio contracted with Western actor Fred Thomson , who would soon emerge as one of Hollywood 's most popular stars . Thomson was just one of numerous screen cowboys with whom FBO became identified . The studio , whose core market was America 's small towns , also put out many romantic melodramas , non-Western action pictures , and comedic shorts . In 1926 , financier Joseph P. Kennedy led a group that acquired the company . In June 1928 , using RCA Photophone technology , FBO became only the second Hollywood studio to release a feature-length `` talkie . '' A few months later , Kennedy and RCA chief David Sarnoff arranged the merger that created RKO , one of the major studios of Hollywood 's Golden Age .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce1cca31b813e3d384d0448134693a3f", "text": "Film industry in Georgia (U.S. state) The film industry in Georgia was , in 2015 , the third largest among U.S. states , eclipsed only by California and New York State . The industry in Georgia was boosted substantially by tax incentives introduced in 2002 and strengthened in 2008 . The state government claims $ 770 million in economic impact to Georgia ( 2009 ) , while industry sources claim that the tax subsidy costs the state $ 141 million ( 2010 ) . Atlanta is the center of the film industry in Georgia with Turner , Tyler Perry and EUE/Screen Gems studios located there . There were 348 productions shot in the state in 2009 . Films shot in Georgia include Tyler Perry 's Meet the Browns ( 2008 ) , Life as We Know It ( 2010 ) , and Contagion ( 2011 ) . Atlanta has been called the `` Hollywood of the South '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "697580c81479770dc6c70a31e36dd7f8", "text": "B movie A B movie is a low-budget commercial movie , but one that is not an arthouse film . In its original usage , during the Golden Age of Hollywood , the term more precisely identified films intended for distribution as the less-publicized bottom half of a double feature . Although the U.S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s , the term B movie continues to be used in the broader sense it maintains today . In its post -- Golden Age usage , there is ambiguity on both sides of the definition : on the one hand , the primary interest of many inexpensive exploitation films is prurient ; on the other , many B movies display a high degree of craft and aesthetic ingenuity . In either usage , most B movies represent a particular genre -- the Western was a Golden Age B movie staple , while low-budget science-fiction and horror films became more popular in the 1950s . Early B movies were often part of series in which the star repeatedly played the same character . Almost always shorter than the top-billed films they were paired with , many had running times of 70 minutes or less . The term connoted a general perception that B movies were inferior to the more handsomely budgeted headliners ; individual B films were often ignored by critics . Latter-day B movies still sometimes inspire multiple sequels , but series are less common . As the average running time of top-of-the-line films increased , so did that of B pictures . In its current usage , the term has somewhat contradictory connotations : it may signal an opinion that a certain movie is ( a ) a genre film with minimal artistic ambitions or ( b ) a lively , energetic film uninhibited by the constraints imposed on more expensive projects and unburdened by the conventions of putatively `` serious '' independent film . The term is also now used loosely to refer to some higher-budgeted , mainstream films with exploitation-style content , usually in genres traditionally associated with the B movie . From their beginnings to the present day , B movies have provided opportunities both for those coming up in the profession and others whose careers are waning . Celebrated filmmakers such as Anthony Mann and Jonathan Demme learned their craft in B movies . They are where actors such as John Wayne and Jack Nicholson first became established , and they have provided work for former A movie actors , such as Vincent Price and Karen Black . Some actors , such as Bela Lugosi , Eddie Constantine and Pam Grier , worked in B movies for most of their careers . The term B actor is sometimes used to refer to a performer who finds work primarily or exclusively in B pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64daf635e0704799258b62ebaea7c666", "text": "Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' . Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' . Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions . A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "4a02749da667b15350d5966dd9ed25d4", "text": "Doctor Zhivago (novel) Doctor Zhivago ( До́ктор Жива́го , Doktor Zhivago -LSB- ˈdoktər ʐɨˈvaɡə -RSB- ) is a novel by Boris Pasternak , first published in 1957 in Italy . The novel is named after its protagonist , Yuri Zhivago , a physician and poet , and takes place between the Russian Revolution of 1905 and the Civil War . Due to its independent minded stance on the October Revolution , Doctor Zhivago was refused publication in the USSR . At the instigation of Giangiacomo Feltrinelli , the manuscript was smuggled to Milan and published in 1957 . Pasternak was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature the following year , an event which embarrassed and enraged the Communist Party of the Soviet Union . The novel was made into a film by David Lean in 1965 , and since then has twice been adapted for television , most recently as a miniseries for Russian TV in 2006 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "1581c235373d9192068a763e1988f798", "text": "For Us, The Living: A Comedy of Customs For Us , The Living : A Comedy of Customs is a science fiction novel by Robert A. Heinlein , written in 1938 but published for the first time in 2003 . Heinlein admirer and science fiction author Spider Robinson titled his introductory essay `` RAH DNA '' , as he believes this first , unpublished novel formed the DNA of Heinlein 's later works . The published version of the novel contains an afterword by Robert James , Ph.D. , Heinlein Society member and Heinlein scholar , explaining how the only known surviving typescript of this `` lost '' work was finally discovered in a garage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d9b0ea69d537ab8b524f02d9881645ec", "text": "Time's List of the 100 Best Novels Time 's List of the 100 Best Novels '' ' is an unranked list of the 100 best novels -- and ten best graphic novels -- published in the English language between 1923 and 2005 . The list was compiled by Time Magazine critics Lev Grossman and Richard Lacayo . The list only includes works between 1923 ( when Time was first published ) and 2005 ( when the list was compiled ) . As a result , notable books such as Ulysses by James Joyce -- published before 1923 -- were ineligible for inclusion.Watchmen '' ( 1986 ) by Alan Moore and Dave Gibbons appears on both the 100 Best Novels and 10 Best Graphic Novels lists , giving the combined lists 109 entries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7cd30a5023f6ba149c5d642610df5257", "text": "Antonina Koptiaeva Antonina Dmitrievna Koptiaeva ( Антонина Дмитриевна Коптяева ; 7 November 1909 -1991 ) was a Soviet novelist . Her novels concern the personal and professional lives of women in the Soviet Union . Koptiaeva was born in Iuzhnyi in eastern Siberia . She and her husband K.Ya . Zeite , a mining official , moved to Kolyma in 1932 , where she began writing in 1935 . Her first novel , Kolymskoe zoloto ( `` Kolyma Gold '' , 1936 ) , was published under her married name A. Zeite . She also published a collection of essays , The Tale of Aldan , in 1937 . Zeite was arrested in 1938 and died in prison . Both of their daughters also died in the 1930s . She later married author Fedor Panferov ( 1896-1960 ) . Her book Fart ( `` Lucky Break '' , 1940 ) was a socialist realist novel about Siberian gold mining , which was followed by Tovarishch Anna ( `` Comrade Anna '' , 1946 ) , about a disintegrating marriage . She graduated from the Maxim Gorky Literary Institute in 1947 . Ivan Ivanovich ( 1949 ) was the first in a trilogy of novels about the titular neurosurgeon , followed by Druzhba ( `` Friendship '' , 1954 ) and Derzanie ( `` Daring '' , 1958 ) . Ivan Ivanovich was awarded the 1950 Stalin Prize . Her novel Dar zemli ( `` Gift of the Earth '' , 1963 ) was about oil workers . She also wrote On the Ural River ( 1971 ) and her memoirs , Severnoe Siianie ( `` The Northern Lights '' , 1977 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93565e17a14f2580966c0bfa427dbf28", "text": "The Prisoner of Zhamanak The Prisoner of Zhamanak is a science fiction novel written by L. Sprague de Camp , the eighth book of his Viagens Interplanetarias series and the sixth of its subseries of stories set on the fictional planet Krishna . Chronologically it is the fourth Krishna novel . It was first published in hardcover by Phantasia Press in 1982 , and in paperback by Ace Books in April 1983 as part of the standard edition of the Krishna novels . An E-book edition was published by Gollancz 's SF Gateway imprint on September 29 , 2011 as part of a general release of de Camp 's works in electronic form . The novel has also been translated into German . As with all of the `` Krishna '' novels , the title of The Prisoner of Zhamanak has a `` Z '' in it , a practice de Camp claimed to have devised to keep track of them . Short stories in the series do not follow the practice , nor do Viagens Interplanetarias works not set on Krishna .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e0cd7aa31da46095e447b273d932476", "text": "Aristopia Aristopia : A Romance-History of the New World is an 1895 utopian novel by Castello Holford , considered the first novel-length alternate history in English ( and among the earliest alternate histories in general ) . Though part of the major wave utopian and dystopian literature that distinguished the final decades of the nineteenth century , Holford 's book reverses the normal stance of utopian projection : instead of imagining a better society at a future time or in a far-off place , he supposes that the founding of the United States occurred under different conditions and follows its development forward to a superior society in his own day . In Aristopia ( Greek for `` the best place '' ) , Ralph Morton , an early settler in Virginia , discovers a reef made of solid gold . He cannily uses his wealth to build a planned society , based on the Utopia of Sir Thomas More , with innovations and adaptations of his own . In Aristopia , all the land is owned by the government , and only leased to businesses and private citizens . Large-scale trade is also monoplized by the state , and inherited wealth is limited . Morton welcomes productive refugees from European conflicts -- Huguenots , Irish fugitives from Cromwell 's wars , and northern Italian and Swiss artisans . The colony prospers , buys more land from the Indians , and spreads westward . Morton dies at the age of 100 ; his descendants and successors carry his policies forward . The Aristopians support the American Revolution , and on their own initiative conquer Canada . Aristopia comes to dominate the new nation , eventually ruling all of North America north of Mexico . Holford loads his description of Aristopia with satirical remedies for what he saw as contemporary problems and circumstances . In Aristopian jurisprudence , for example , the Court for Assessing the Value of Abstract Words and Phrases polices the language to prevent abuses ; it is the largest and busiest function in the Palace of Justice . The English playwright Henry Arthur Jones was taken with the idea of Aristopia , and used it in his own polemical writings , as in his `` The Tax-Wise Men of Aristopia '' and his My Dear Wells . Holford was not the first writer in English to employ the term `` Aristopia . '' The eighteenth-century freethinker John Fransham ( 1730 -- 1810 ) left a posthumous manuscript titled Memorablilia Classica , which contains a piece called `` The Code of Aristopia , or Scheme for a Perfect Government . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b4e279cf1aaf157dc67f5a0daad127d", "text": "The Romance of Leonardo da Vinci The Romance of Leonardo da Vinci ( Воскресшие боги . Леонардо да Винчи , Resurrected Gods . Leonardo da Vinci , in literal translation ) is the second novel by Dmitry Merezhkovsky , first published in 1900 by Mir Bozhy magazine , then released as a separate edition 1901 . The novel constitutes the second part of the Christ and Antichrist trilogy ( 1895-1907 ) , started by the writer 's debut novel The Death of the Gods .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2786f70b40559a43b045b807b4c32e2a", "text": "The Frontier (novel) The Frontier ( Granica in Polish ) is a novel written by Zofia Nałkowska , a renowned Polish prose writer , dramatist , and prolific essayist . It tells the story of the life of Zenon Ziembiewicz , his way to the top and success , as well as love affairs and problems . The novel itself combines features of many different genres : psychological novel , sensation novel , realistic prose and detective novel . Originally , the author wanted to title her book `` Patterns '' , however , she changed her mind and decided on `` The Frontier '' . The novel has been made into a film twice : in 1938 and 1977 . Story is written by means of analepsis and the plot often is interjected with scenes that take the narrative back in time from the current point . Written during the interwar period , the novel describes such controversial topics as abortion , and the economic and social problems of that time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35a9970e9573bbabd9f2f12d288a41a0", "text": "Faust Faust is the protagonist of a classic German legend . He is a scholar who is highly successful yet dissatisfied with his life , which leads him to make a pact with the Devil , exchanging his soul for unlimited knowledge and worldly pleasures . The Faust legend has been the basis for many literary , artistic , cinematic , and musical works that have reinterpreted it through the ages . `` Faust '' and the adjective `` Faustian '' imply a situation in which an ambitious person surrenders moral integrity in order to achieve power and success for a delimited term . The Faust of early books -- as well as the ballads , dramas , movies , and puppet-plays which grew out of them -- is irrevocably damned because he prefers human to divine knowledge ; `` he laid the Holy Scriptures behind the door and under the bench , refused to be called doctor of Theology , but preferred to be styled doctor of Medicine '' . Plays and comic puppet theatre loosely based on this legend were popular throughout Germany in the 16th century , often reducing Faust and Mephistopheles to figures of vulgar fun . The story was popularised in England by Christopher Marlowe , who gave it a classic treatment in his play , The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus ( of which the date for publication is debated , but was likely around 1587 ) . In Goethe 's reworking of the story two hundred years later , Faust becomes a dissatisfied intellectual who yearns for `` more than earthly meat and drink '' in his life .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "efdd873f58d856aa764ee99691458434", "text": "Sanin (novel) Sanin is a novel by the Russian writer Mikhail Artsybashev . It has an interesting history being written by a 26-year-old in 1904 -- at the peak of the various changes in Russian society ( democratic activities , first democratically elected Duma , as well as the Russian Revolution of 1905 ) . It was published and criticized in 1907 , the year of one of the most horrific political reactions in Russian history . In the early 1900s Russia society was heavily influenced by religions , primarily the Russian Orthodox Church . Though there were many other religions such as Uniate Catholics , Judaism , and Muslims , none of them condoned an open expression of sexuality . By 1908 the novel was no longer being produced due to censorship . It was banned as a `` work of pornography '' ( Otto Boele ) . When Artsybashev emigrated to Poland after the Russian Revolution of 1917 , he was condemned by the Soviet authorities and his books were banned from publication , only to be revealed afresh to readers in the 1990s . Sanin is a novel of true originality of form and content . Its hero , twenty-something Sanin , after a long absence from home , comes back to visit his mother and sister . Sanin deals with sex and sexual activity throughout the novel . The main character Sanin and his sister Lida dabble in premarital sex . Lida describes her experience with Zarudin as her body filled with `` thrilled and shaken with passion '' . Knowing it is not the best thing for a young lady not to be married and have relations , she 's longing for another chance to experience that same passion and lust . The novel deals with nihilism , the belief that traditional morals , ideas , beliefs , etc. , have no worth or value . One of the characters gets to a point where he admits `` that life was the realization of freedom , and consequently that it was natural for a man to live for enjoyment '' . Lida has some remorse because of society and their views on premarital sex , but then comes to the realization that it is her life saying `` I wanted to do it and I did it ; and I felt so happy '' . During his stay Sanin meets various people , some of whom are neutral , amazed , threatened or excited by his way of thinking about the world and human existence . Sanin remains confident and self-assured having seduced and deflowered a local virgin , but at the end of the book leaves town under a cloud . Colin Wilson wrote about Sanin : `` The book 's hero sneers at the unhealthy moral preoccupations of most Russians , and preaches a doctrine of sunlight and frank sensuality . The book had an enormous impact on Russian youth , who were eager to put its doctrines into practice . Probably no book in world literature has been responsible for the loss of so many maidenheads . '' Wilson added that Sanin deserves more study in English . Although `` Sanin '' focuses much of its attention on sex and sexuality of youth , the novel puts forth several strikingly feminist ideals other than sexual freedom of women . For example , near the start of the novel , Sanin states his opinion that women should be allowed to have careers , a direct opposition to the traditional belief that women should be nothing more than mothers or housekeepers . Later on , after discovering that his sister , Lida , is pregnant while unmarried , he urges her to get an abortion , yet still respects her decision not to , something very uncommon for this time period . The novelty of Sanin lies in its insertion of progressive and liberal thoughts and ideals in the literary form of a novel . Critics in 1907 and later in the Russian SFSR were furious to find such views as Sanin 's in existence . They put their efforts to discrediting the book , whose references to the Bible , Shakespeare , Dickens , Dostoevsky , Nietzsche and whose precipitation of the dramatic changes in the morality and political life of the following decades were , in their view , dangerous for the Russian people .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84c3ee3aea09ce425c2ce4800899253a", "text": "Invitation to a Beheading Invitation to a Beheading ( -LSB- Приглашение на казнь , lit = Invitation to an execution -RSB- ) is a novel by Russian American author Vladimir Nabokov . It was originally published in Russian from 1935 to 1936 as a serial in Contemporary Notes ( Sovremennye zapiski ) , a Russian émigré magazine . In 1938 , the work was published in Paris , with an English translation following in 1959 . The novel was translated into English by Nabokov 's son , Dmitri Nabokov , under the author 's supervision . The novel is often described as Kafkaesque , but Nabokov claimed that at the time he wrote the book , he was unfamiliar with German and `` completely ignorant '' of Franz Kafka 's work . Nabokov interrupted his work on The Gift in order to write Invitation to a Beheading , describing the creation of the first draft as `` one fortnight of wonderful excitement and sustained inspiration . '' Some scholars have argued that the central plot of Invitation to a Beheading has its roots in Chernyshevski , a character from The Gift . Another view is that the novel functions as a roman à clef with the Platonic Socrates as its target . While Nabokov stated in an interview that of all his novels , he held the greatest affection for Lolita , it was Invitation to a Beheading that he held the greatest esteem .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f23ac95ba24964e1e15f211232fd7b7e", "text": "The Magic Mountain The Magic Mountain ( German : Der Zauberberg ) is a novel by Thomas Mann , first published in November 1924 . It is widely considered to be one of the most influential works of 20th century German literature . Mann started writing what was to become The Magic Mountain in 1912 . It began as a much shorter narrative which revisited in a comic manner aspects of Death in Venice , a novella that he was then preparing for publication . The newer work reflected his experiences and impressions during a period when his wife , who was suffering from a lung complaint , was confined to Dr. Friedrich Jessen 's Waldsanatorium in Davos , Switzerland for several months . In May and June 1912 Mann visited her and became acquainted with the team of doctors who were treating her in this cosmopolitan institution . According to Mann , in the afterword that was later included in the English translation , this stay became the foundation of the opening chapter ( Arrival ) of the completed novel . The outbreak of the First World War interrupted work on the book . The conflict and its aftermath led the author to undertake a major re-examination of European bourgeois society , including the sources of the willful , perverse destructiveness displayed by much of civilised humanity . He was also drawn to speculate about more general questions surrounding personal attitudes to life , health , illness , sexuality and mortality . Given this , Mann felt compelled to radically revise and expand the pre-war text before completing it in 1924 . Der Zauberberg was eventually published in two volumes by S. Fischer Verlag in Berlin . Mann 's vast composition is erudite , subtle , ambitious , but , most of all , ambiguous ; since its original publication it has been subject to a variety of critical assessments . For example , the book blends a scrupulous realism with deeper symbolic undertones . Given this complexity , each reader is obliged to weigh up the artistic significance of the pattern of events set out within the narrative , a task made more difficult by the author 's irony . Mann himself was well aware of his book 's elusiveness , but offered few clues about approaches to the text . He later compared it to a symphonic work orchestrated with a number of themes and , in a playful commentary on the problems of interpretation , recommended that those who wished to understand it should read it through twice .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "292ae6ff1b368d2559e27141c36fa8b1", "text": "Byrne: A Novel Byrne is the English author Anthony Burgess 's last novel , published posthumously in 1995 . Composed mostly in the same ottava rima stanzas that Byron used for his Don Juan , the story follows the fortunes of Michael Byrne , an Irishman with some Spanish ancestors who settled in Ireland after a war between England 's Royal Navy and the Spanish Armada in the 16th century . He thought he was a kind of living myth And hence deserving of ottima rima , The scheme that Ariosto juggled with , Apt for a lecherous defective dreamer . He 'd have preferred a stronger-muscled smith , Anvilling rhymes amid poetic steam , a Sort of Lord Byron . Byron was long dead . This poetaster had to do instead . A painter and composer whose career is never as spectacular as his ambitions , and a determined womanizer who fathers children across the globe , Byrne becomes embroiled with the Nazi regime in 1930s Germany . A heavy task , but there was light relief In the Germanic ambience , boisterous , brash , Torchlit parades and pogroms , guttural grief In emigration queues , the smash and crash Of pawnshop windows by insentient beef In uniform , the gush of beer , the splash Of schnapps , the joy of being drunk and Aryan , Though Hitler was a teetotalitarian . Eventually he vanishes , presumed dead in Africa . But years later , his twin sons , now middle-aged , one a doubting priest , the other suffering from a debilitating disease , receive from Byrne , who is still alive , an invitation to London , where he will read his last will and testament .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ddce0c0cb65863c8e7fe09be4ce69612", "text": "Doctor Strange Stephen Vincent Strange , M.D. is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . Created by artist Steve Ditko and writer Stan Lee , the character first appeared in Strange Tales # 110 ( cover-dated July 1963 ) . Doctor Strange serves as the Sorcerer Supreme , the primary protector of Earth against magical and mystical threats . Inspired by stories of black magic and Chandu the Magician , Strange was created during the Silver Age of Comics to bring a different kind of character and themes of mysticism to Marvel Comics . The character 's origin story relates that he was once a brilliant but egotistical surgeon . After a car accident severely damages his hands and hinders his ability to perform surgery , he searches the globe for a way to repair them and encounters the Ancient One . After becoming one of the old Sorcerer Supreme 's students , he becomes a practitioner of both the mystical arts as well as martial arts . Along with knowing many powerful spells , he has a costume with two mystical objects -- the Cloak of Levitation and Eye of Agamotto -- which give him added powers . Strange is aided along the way by his friend and valet , Wong , and a large assortment of mystical objects . He takes up residence in a mansion called the Sanctum Sanctorum , located in New York City . Later , Strange takes the title of Sorcerer Supreme . In 2008 , Doctor Strange was ranked 83rd in Wizards `` 200 Greatest Comic Book Characters of All Time '' list , and in 2012 was ranked 33rd in IGN 's list of `` The Top 50 Avengers '' . He was also ranked 38th on IGN 's list of `` Top 100 Comic Book Heroes '' . The character was first portrayed in live-action by Peter Hooten in the 1978 television film Dr. Strange . Benedict Cumberbatch stars as the character in the Marvel Cinematic Universe , first appearing in the role in the 2016 film Doctor Strange .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d5f20bd463260f19b73e74012ae875a", "text": "Libertarian science fiction Libertarian science fiction is a subgenre of science fiction that focuses on the politics and social order implied by libertarian philosophies with an emphasis on individualism and private ownership of the means of production -- and in some cases , no state whatsoever . As a category , libertarian fiction is unusual because the vast majority of its authors are self-identified as science fiction authors . This contrasts with the authors of much other social criticism who are largely academic or mainstream novelists who tend to dismiss any genre classification . The identification between libertarianism and science fiction is so strong that the U.S. Libertarian Party often has representatives at science fiction conventions and one of the highest profile authors currently in the subgenre of libertarian science fiction , L. Neil Smith , was the Arizona Libertarian Party 's 2000 candidate for the President of the United States . As a genre , it can be seen as growing out of the 1930s and 1940s when the science-fiction pulp magazines were reaching their peak at the same time as fascism and communism . While this environment gave rise to dystopian novels such as George Orwell 's Nineteen Eighty-Four , in the pulps , this influence more often give rise to speculations about societies ( or sub-groups ) arising in direct opposition to `` totalitarianism . '' Ayn Rand 's novel Atlas Shrugged is a strong ( perhaps the strongest ) influence with an anti-socialist attitude and an individualist ethic that echoes throughout the genre . Of more direct relevance to the science fiction end of this genre is Robert A. Heinlein 's The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress , which is highly regarded even by non-libertarian science fiction readers . An award for libertarian science fiction , the Prometheus Award , is given out every year . Some winners of the award identify as libertarians ( e.g. , L. Neil Smith , Victor Koman , Brad Linaweaver ) , while others do not ( Terry Pratchett , Charles Stross ) . Some other prominent libertarian science fiction authors include S. Andrew Swann and Michael Z. Williamson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "62831f54c56a1bb59258e7740c4b8ef0", "text": "Erewhon Revisited Erewhon Revisited Twenty Years Later , Both by the Original Discoverer of the Country and by His Son ( 1901 ) is a satirical novel by Samuel Butler , forming a belated sequel to his Erewhon ( 1872 ) . The Cambridge History of English and American Literature judges that it `` has less of the free imaginative play of its predecessor ... but , in sharp brilliance of wit and criticism , in intellectual unity and coherence , it surpasses Erewhon '' . Erewhon , set in a thinly disguised New Zealand , ended with the escape of its unnamed protagonist from the native Erewhonians by balloon . In the sequel , narrated by his son John , we are told that our hero 's name is Higgs . Higgs returns to Erewhon and meets his former lover Yram , who is now the mother of his son George . He discovers that he is now worshipped as `` the Sunchild '' , his escape having been interpreted as an ascension into heaven , and that a church of Sunchildism has sprung up . He finds himself in danger from the villainous Professors Hanky and Panky , who are determined to protect Sunchildism from him . With George 's help Higgs escapes from their clutches and returns to England . The Swiftian device of setting his satire in a fictional culture enabled Butler , as the critic Elinor Shaffer has written , `` to analyse the phenomena of religion from their point of genesis , while disclaiming all responsibility for their uncanny parallels to certain known religions . '' It did not however make the road to publication any easier . When Butler submitted the manuscript to the respectable and long-established house of Longman , who had in recent years become his regular publishers , they rejected it for fear of offending their High Church clientele , even when Butler offered to pay the costs himself . On March 24 , 1901 he wrote to George Bernard Shaw , conceding that the book was `` far more wicked than Erewhon '' , and asking for his advice . Shaw replied recommending his own publisher , Grant Richards , and lost no time introducing Butler to him . The book duly came out under the Grant Richards imprint .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb94856977f1f475d120c4735c79cb46", "text": "The City of Light (novel) Miasto światłości ( The City of Light ) is a novel written in 1924 by Mieczysław Smolarski . The novel entwines the genres of dystopia and catastrophism . The novel relays the end of the world by two natural disasters . The first of which destroys all civilisation , whilst the second , the whole of planet Earth , instigated by the complicity of its own inhabitants . The dystopic literary work warns against imperialism and barbarism as well as uncontrolled technological advancement . The novel 's themes include antimilitarism and pacifism , prevalent after World War I. Novels similar to , and inspired by The City of Light and other of Smolarski 's literary works , namely Podróż poślubna Pana Hamiltona ( The Honeymoon Trip of Mr. Hamilton , 1928 ) include : Aldous Huxley 's Brave New World , published in 1932 . Smolarski argued Huxley plagiarised his work , however the author never addressed these claims . In 1982 , claims of plagiarism were similarly put up against Antoni Smuszkiewicz 's Zaczarowana gra .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5f6853ead892984cbf83a6de3a5b2f7", "text": "Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow Journey From Petersburg to Moscow ( in Russian : Путешествие из Петербурга в Москву ) , published in 1790 , was the most famous work by the Russian writer Aleksander Nikolayevich Radishchev . The work , often described as a Russian Uncle Tom 's Cabin , is a polemical study of the problems in the Russia of Catherine the Great : serfdom , the powers of the nobility , the issues in government and governance , social structure and personal freedom and liberty . The book starts from an epigraph about The Beast who is `` enormous , disgusting , a-hundred-maws and barking '' meaning the Russian Empire . The book was immediately banned and Radishchev sentenced , first to death , then to banishment in eastern Siberia . It was not freely published in Russia until 1905 . In the book , Radishchev takes an imaginary journey between Russia 's two principal cities ; each stop along the way reveals particular problems for the traveller through the medium of story telling . In Petersburg , the narrator 's story begins at an inn where the proprietor is too lazy to harness his underfed horses for a carriage . Eventually getting on the road , he encounters a man trying to sell genealogical papers to nobles seeking to increase their rank , and a poor peasant laboring on a Sunday . He goes on to satirize Catherine 's favorite , Viceroy Potemkin , with an anecdote about his appetite for oysters and the absurd lengths his servant would go to get them . Likely the most famous scene is the narrator 's dream of being a `` tsar , shah , khan , king , bey , nabob , sultan , or holder of some such dignity , sitting in regal power on a throne . '' At his most minor expression , the courtiers sigh , frown , light up with joy . Seeing this obsequiousness , the narrator-tsar orders the invasion of a distant country , which he is assured will submit to his mere reputation . Suddenly , the female figure of Truth appears , offering him clearsightedness and defending the rights of dissenters . After being reprimanded , the king is overcome by visions of his own brutality , the sins of his court , and the general disrepair of the empire . In a final moment of self-reproach and guilt , inspired by the gaudy and wasteful palace he 's built , the narrator is woken from his dream in agitation . Considered by many to be the seminal radical text of the 18th century , A Journey continued to influence Russian political thought even after its condemnation . As the progenitor of public liberal discourse in Russia , Radischev is considered an ancestor of all major subversive literature written in the 19th and 20th centuries . The book itself represented a challenge to Catherine in Russia , despite the fact that Radishchev was no revolutionary : merely an observer of the ills he saw within Russian society and government at the time . Published during the period of the French Revolution , the book borrows ideas and principles from the great philosophers of the day relating to an enlightened outlook and the concept of Natural Law .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "814fedee048baf4117bdd69918210f71", "text": "A Maggot A Maggot ( 1985 ) is a novel by British author John Fowles . It is Fowles ' sixth major novel , following The Collector , The Magus , The French Lieutenant 's Woman , Daniel Martin , and Mantissa . Its title , as the author explains in the prologue , is taken from the archaic sense of the word that means `` whim '' , `` quirk '' , `` obsession '' , or even a snatch of music ( see earworm ) . Another meaning of the word `` maggot '' becomes apparent later in the novel , used by a character to describe a white , oblong machine that appears to be a spacecraft . Though the author denied that A Maggot is a historical novel , it does take place during a precise historical timeframe , May 1736 to February 1737 , in England . It might be variously classified as historical fiction , mystery , or science fiction . Because of the narrative style and various metafictional devices , most critics classify it as a postmodern novel .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "25bf8f1e49ffc76a23ff5c0d53a84375", "text": "The Original of Laura The Original of Laura is the incomplete novel by Vladimir Nabokov , which he was writing at the time of his death in 1977 . It was finally published , after 30 years of private debate , on November 17 , 2009 . Nabokov had requested that the work be destroyed upon his death , but his family hesitated to carry out his wish to destroy an incomplete but perhaps important literary work . Over the next years its contents were viewed only by Nabokov 's son , wife , and a few scholars . In April 2008 , Nabokov 's son Dmitri Nabokov announced plans to publish the work , in what BBC2 late night news programme Newsnight later said was `` likely to be the literary event of 2009 . '' Upon publication , however , critical response was strongly negative , with commenters lambasting the quality of the writing and admonishing Nabokov 's executor for publishing the work in this state .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b0f7c7a89ff105126d8bda4e05a908dc", "text": "David Vygodsky David Isaakovich Vygodsky ( Russian : Дави́д Исаа́кович Вы́годский ) ( September 23 , 1893 -- 1943 ) was a Russian literary critic , translator , poet , and teacher . Born in Gomel in the Russian Empire ( now in Belarus ) into a nonreligious Jewish family , Vygodsky was the cousin of the well-known developmental psychologist Lev Vygotsky , on whom he was an important influence . He graduated from the Romance and Germanic division of Saint Petersburg State University and became a translator and teacher ; he translated from German ( Johannes Becher ) , French ( André Malraux ) , Hebrew ( Chaim Bialik ) , and especially Spanish ( Vicente Blasco Ibáñez , Benito Pérez Galdós , and others ) . At the time of the October Revolution and Civil War he was teaching Latin and giving lectures on modern literature in Gomel , but in the 1920s he moved to Petrograd . Zemlya ( Land ) , a collection of his own poetry , was published in 1922 ; in the same year , his article `` A Survey of New Jewish Poetry '' appeared in the Petrograd journal Parfenon . He was close to the OPOYAZ group , and his apartment was a meeting place for writers and students of literature ; `` it may have been here that -LSB- Lev -RSB- Vygotsky first met members of the formalist school and the acmeic poet Mandel ` shtam , one of his favorite poets . '' Marietta Shaginyan wrote this description : In Leningrad , on Mokhovaya Street , there was a typical Leningrad apartment house ... and in a typical gloomy Leningrad apartment in this building lived the man who in the first years of the October Revolution discovered for the Soviet reader the wonderful poetry of Cuba . He appeared shy and very pleasant , and it was impossible not to love and respect him . He was very pale , thin , short , with eyes that were kind and as clear as those of children beneath unusually thick eyebrows that almost shaded them . In the apartment there were books everywhere , piled to the ceiling and covering the floors . And they were n't enough for him . You would wait for him for hours , and then he would come back from Liteiny Avenue , where in those days alluring secondhand bookshops crowded both sides of the avenue , hauling home with difficulty a bunch of new books . And those books were greedily unwrapped , opened , and read , when sometimes there was nothing to eat at home . This marvelous Leningrad booklover , known at that time as a Hispanist who knew many languages , was David Isaakovich Vygodsky , a name that was widely known across the ocean . Even today books arrive at his Leningrad address from South America with touching inscriptions ... He was a friend of both Osip Mandelstam and Benedikt Livshits ; the latter dedicated a sonnet to him . He was arrested on February 14 , 1938 ( as part of a general purge of translators ) and , despite an unusual and courageous campaign of support from such writers as Yury Tynyanov , Viktor Shklovsky , Konstantin Fedin . and Mikhail Zoshchenko , died in the Gulag .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "43a213028ff9f6ca059fe08aa301f8e3", "text": "Black Panther (film) Black Panther is an upcoming American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name . Produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures , it is intended to be the eighteenth film installment of the Marvel Cinematic Universe . The film is directed by Ryan Coogler from a screenplay by himself and Joe Robert Cole , and stars Chadwick Boseman as T'Challa / Black Panther , alongside Michael B. Jordan , Lupita Nyong ` o , Danai Gurira , Martin Freeman , Daniel Kaluuya , Angela Bassett , Forest Whitaker , and Andy Serkis . In Black Panther , T'Challa returns home as king of Wakanda but finds his sovereignty challenged by a long-time adversary in a conflict that has global consequences . Wesley Snipes first mentioned his intention to work on a Black Panther film in 1992 , with that project going through multiple iterations over the next decade but never coming to fruition . A Black Panther film was announced as one of the ten Marvel films that would be developed by Marvel Studios and distributed by Paramount Pictures in September 2005 , with Mark Bailey hired to write a script in January 2011 . Black Panther was officially announced in October 2014 , with Boseman appearing first in Captain America : Civil War . By the end of 2015 , Cole and Coogler had both joined the film , and additional cast members came on board beginning in May 2016 . Principal photography for the film took place from January to April 2017 , at EUE/Screen Gems Studios and Pinewood Atlanta Studios in the Atlanta metropolitan area , and Busan , South Korea . Black Panther is set to be released in the United States on February 16 , 2018 , in IMAX .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "2eb038aba46a8618514233fac6d1f668", "text": "Freddie Lee Peterkin Freddie Lee Peterkin , also known as Freddie Lee , is a published author , singer -- songwriter , actor and ordained interdenominational Minister , born in Pahokee , Florida . He is known for his gritty power soul vocals reminiscent of Bobby Womack . He has become an artist of public note through his 2008 independent release of the Soul and Gospel album Beyond Comprehension under the recording name of Freddie Lee . He made his prime time acting debut as `` DJ Freddie Murphy '' on Channel 4 's T4 Stars & Strikes and as a character in BBC2 's Grumpy Guide to Work in 2011 . He was also the voice for Bewiser Owl in the Bewiser Insurance TV commercial in 2012 and 2013 . He established himself in the live entertainment industry with his choreographed costume Soul Tribute stage productions for theatres and resorts in 1991 . These critically acclaimed shows include The Sounds of the Four Tops , The Sounds of the Drifters and The Sounds of the Temptations . Freddie Lee Peterkin is also a member of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity , Delta Psi Chapter a Fraternity known for members such as Martin Luther King . This historic organization was the first inter-collegiate Greek-letter organization established for Black college students founded on December 4 , 1906 . Peterkin was responsible for composing many Delta Psi Chapter fraternity anthems such as ' I Know I 've Been Changed ' written in 1985 while he was pledging . He was also a dancer and choreographer of the Delta Psi Chapter 's ` Step Shows ' . Stepping ( African-American ) or step-dancing is a form of percussive dance in which the participant 's entire body is used as an instrument to produce complex rhythms and sounds through a mixture of footsteps , spoken word , and hand claps and a strong part of Black Greek Letter Fraternities . Peterkin is the son of migrant workers originally from Georgia who came to Florida to pick crops for a living . He is of African and Seminole Indian heritage . His stepfather , James Elijah Jr. , was the lead vocalist of the 1960s and 1970s gospel group , The Royal Lights . His sister Breyona Elijah is part of the gospel group James Smith & Nu Birth and they are both cousins of Gospel group Damali . His mother Bernice Bell is also a singer and as a child won a competition to write a song for Joe Tex , for which she was awarded concert tickets and a chance to meet her idol . Joe Tex went on to have a major hit with the song but Bernice remained uncredited . Bernice Bell has been more recently recognized for her charity work and ran youth programs in Pahokee 's Padgett Island Community Center for 17 years and donating hot meals to Pahokee 's underprivileged children . The community center was recently renamed `` The Bernice Bell Community Center '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "788f00e7c18db1dd23ed82c4f7ad92bb", "text": "W'Kabi W'Kabi is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . W'Kabi will appear in the upcoming film Black Panther , portrayed by Daniel Kaluuya .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84ec140fc6eda7ece8b0aa197356c87e", "text": "Steel Panthers Steel Panthers is a series of computer wargames , developed and published by several different companies , with various games covering battles from 1930 to 2025 . The first game was released in 1995 , and the most recent was released in 2006 and is still updated regularly . In 1996 , Computer Gaming World magazine named it their Wargame of the Year . Players control individual tanks and vehicles from a top-down perspective , on a map with a hexagonal overlay . Infantry are mostly in squad/section ( 8-12 men ) sized units , but some units , like snipers , can be controlled individually . The whole force under a players control would typically be Battalion sized , but may be as small as a Platoon or Company , or as large as a Regiment/Brigade . The games are turn-based and are played against the AI or other humans via email or hotseat .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6393379a161af4a8f2076fb292bb034f", "text": "Black (2015 Indian film) Black is an Indo-Bangla Bengali crime action film directed by Raja Chanda , and stars Soham Chakraborty and Bidya Sinha Mim in lead roles . The film was jointly produced by Viacom 18 Motion Pictures and Dag Creative Media and was released on 27 November 2015 . The film revolves around a man named , Biltu , who takes vengeance to those who framed his father ( a police officer ) with false charges and as a result the latter commits suicide to get rid of this humiliation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e82ff52dd09732e93026f310aea22d4", "text": "Pink Panther jewel The Pink Panther is a fictional diamond with a distinctive flaw which resembles a leaping panther . The diamond was a major plot device in a series of films which are collectively known as the Pink Panther movies . In addition , the Pink Panther is an animated character who appeared in the title sequences for these films and eventually appeared in his own cartoon series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "caec9e7da0436884672b9b6678971417", "text": "Man-Ape Man-Ape ( M'Baku ) is a fictional character , a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . The character is depicted as a frequent enemy of the Black Panther .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c80595148f409986484f4957ce297c4", "text": "Blackheart Blackheart is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . The character is usually depicted as an adversary to the superhero Ghost Rider . Created by writer Ann Nocenti and artist John Romita , Jr. , Blackheart first appeared in Daredevil # 270 ( September 1989 ) . The character has also appeared in other media , such as the 2000 video game Marvel vs Capcom 2 , and in the 2007 film Ghost Rider , in which he was portrayed by actor Wes Bentley .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55a7d015872d39d71a3ba6e38d4e355e", "text": "Black Reel Awards The Black Reel Awards , or `` BRAs '' , is an annual American awards ceremony hosted by the Foundation for the Augmentation of African-Americans in Film ( FAAAF ) to recognize excellence in African-American , as well as those of African diaspora 's cinematic achievements in the around the world film industry as assessed by the Academy 's voting membership . The various category winners are awarded a copy of a statuette , officially called the Black Reel Award . The awards , first presented in 2000 in Washington , DC , are overseen by FAAAF . The awards ceremony was initially awarded online their first two years before the first live show in 2002 . The awards have broadcast to radio since 2014 . Currently , the Black Reel Awards is the oldest cinema-exclusive awards ceremony for African-Americans . The 16th Annual Black Reel Awards ceremony was held on February 18 , 2016 . A total of 315 Black Reel Awards have been presented since the inception of the award through the 16th .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a5561e9b8cbc7a9ee649ac2e64ca946", "text": "Underwater panther An underwater panther , called Mishipeshu or Mishibijiw in Ojibwe ( -LSB- mɪʃɪbɪʑɪw -RSB- ) , is one of the most important of several mythological water beings among many indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands and Great Lakes region , particularly among the Anishinaabe . Mishipeshu translates into `` the Great Lynx '' . It has the head and paws of a giant cat but is covered in scales and has dagger-like spikes running along its back and tail . Mishipeshu calls Michipicoten Island in Lake Superior his home and is a powerful creature in the mythological traditions of some Native American tribes , particularly Anishinaabe tribes , the Odawa , Ojibwe , and Potawatomi , of the Great Lakes region of Canada and the United States . In addition to the Anishinaabeg , Innu also have Mishibizhiw stories . To the Algonquins , the underwater panther was the most powerful underworld being . The Ojibwe traditionally held them to be masters of all water creatures , including snakes . Some versions of the Nanabozho creation legend refers to whole communities of water lynx . Some archaeologists believe that underwater panthers were major components of the Southeastern Ceremonial Complex of the Mississippian culture in the prehistoric American Southeast .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18a75c5ad0c17a861ba966e0fbe71d59", "text": "BAFTA Award for Best Film The BAFTA Award for Best Film is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . It has been given since the 1st BAFTA Awards , representing the best films of 1947 , but until 1969 it was called the BAFTA Award for Best Film From Any Source . It is possible for films from any country to be nominated , although British films are also recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best British Film and ( since 1983 ) foreign-language films in BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language . As such , there have been multiple occasions of a film being nominated in two of these categories . There has been one tie for the Best Film award when , in 1962 , Ballad of a Soldier tied with The Hustler for Best Film from any Source . Until 1981 , the award was given to the director , except in 1976 and 1977 , when it was given to the producers . From 1981 to 1985 , it was given solely to the producers , and then in 1986 , it was shared between the Director and Producer . In 1998 , it was once again given to only the producers . In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "67ae72378091538f5f85f71197d2be3c", "text": "Panthers (band) Panthers is an American rock band from Brooklyn , New York . The Village Voice described them as `` groundbreaking dissonant HC ( hardcore ) with Rolling Stones swagger . '' Three members were previously in the hardcore band Orchid . Panthers have released four records . The most recent two , The Trick and Things Are Strange were released on Vice Records . Prior to that they released via Dim Mak Records and Troubleman Unlimited . They began as a side project by members of the bands Orchid , Turing Machine , and The Red Scare . Kip Uhlhorn went on to form the band Cloudland Canyon with Simon Wojan of King Khan & the Shrines .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e27d4139c27a4229ff43bb411fb1d63a", "text": "The Black Pirates The Black Pirates is a 1954 Ansco Color adventure film made by Salvador Films Corp. about a band of pirates scouring a small Central American town for a buried treasure . It was directed by Allen H. Miner and produced from a screenplay by Fred Freiberger and Al C. Ward based on the story by Johnston McCulley . The film stars Anthony Dexter and Martha Roth with Robert Clarke , Toni Gerry and Lon Chaney Jr. . . The tagline of the movie was `` Wild Raiders of the Tropic Seas ! '' . It was filmed on location in Panchimalco , El Salvador . Filming started in mid-June 1954 and the movie was released in December and distributed in Latin America under the title El Pirata Negro . The Black Pirates was the first film that Cinema Research Corporation was hired to do the special effects for .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ac9bc83246391633e18e8d4c44759c8", "text": "Scarlett Johansson Scarlett Johansson ( -LSB- dʒoʊˈhænsən -RSB- born November 22 , 1984 ) is an American actress , model , and singer . She made her film debut in the fantasy comedy North ( 1994 ) . Johansson subsequently starred in Manny & Lo ( 1996 ) , and garnered further acclaim and prominence with roles in The Horse Whisperer ( 1998 ) and Ghost World ( 2001 ) . She shifted to adult roles with her performances in Girl with a Pearl Earring ( 2003 ) and Lost in Translation ( 2003 ) , for which she won a BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role . Her subsequent films included A Love Song for Bobby Long ( 2004 ) , Match Point ( 2005 ) , The Island ( 2005 ) , The Black Dahlia ( 2006 ) , The Prestige ( 2006 ) , The Other Boleyn Girl ( 2008 ) , Vicky Cristina Barcelona ( 2008 ) , He 's Just Not That Into You ( 2009 ) , Don Jon ( 2013 ) , Her ( 2013 ) , Under the Skin ( 2013 ) , Lucy ( 2014 ) , The Jungle Book ( 2016 ) , and Ghost in the Shell ( 2017 ) . Since 2008 , Johansson has also portrayed the Marvel Comics character Black Widow in the Marvel Cinematic Universe . She won the Tony Award for Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Play for her performance in the 2010 Broadway revival of A View from the Bridge . As a singer , Johansson has released two albums , Anywhere I Lay My Head ( 2008 ) and Break Up ( 2009 ) . Johansson is considered one of Hollywood 's modern sex symbols , and has frequently appeared in published lists of the sexiest women in the world . , she is the highest-grossing actress of all time in North America , with her films making over $ 3.6 billion . In 2016 , she was the highest-grossing actress , with a $ 1.2 billion total for the year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f5e12c161800424c6535fc340899eef", "text": "Black Hawk Down (film) Black Hawk Down is a 2002 American war film co-produced and directed by Ridley Scott . The screenplay by Ken Nolan is adapted from the non-fiction book of the same name by Mark Bowden , which in turn is based on the 29-part series of articles published in The Philadelphia Inquirer chronicling the events of a 1993 raid in Mogadishu by the U.S. military aimed at capturing faction leader Mohamed Farrah Aidid and the ensuing firefight , known as the Battle of Mogadishu . The film features a large ensemble cast , including Josh Hartnett , Ewan McGregor , Eric Bana , Tom Sizemore , William Fichtner , Jason Isaacs , Tom Hardy , and Sam Shepard . It won two Oscars for Best Film Editing and Best Sound Mixing at the 74th Academy Awards . Although it was received positively by critics , the film was strongly criticized by a number of groups and military officials . In 2009 , an extended cut of the film was released on DVD . The cut contained an additional 8 minutes of footage increasing the running time to 152 minutes . This extended cut has yet to be released on Blu-Ray .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea7ca9dd517e4cd8c5263e7f080f0a2e", "text": "Black Feminist Future Black Feminist Future is a social community formed by the black feminist organizations to empower black women in United States for the recent cultural shift , digital movement and engaging both black women and girls in the current pulse of movements . It is a platform to unite black women from all over the world to share their point of view about what it is being a black woman in US both socially and politically . The basic purpose of this community is to change the mindset of the people as well as the internal thoughts of black women about herself as being a neglected part of the society and to change the racial policies that are present in the US culture from a very long time while advancing intersectional strategies , making innovative and determinable solutions for bringing a change in society . They recently have launched a movement named as `` Freedom Dreams 2016 '' . Their first initiative in this regard is that they have made visioning saloons known as the platforms to build vision and movement that centers the African-American feminist lives . Now , they want to make a change by coming into politics and revising the laws made up to defend the white for their wrong doings in this situation of racial discrimination . In order to find some entrance into the politics , they have selected a theme for their Visioning Saloons this year as `` Freedom Dreams : Black Feminist Visioning Our Political Future '' that will help them in defining a center and vision of Black Women and Girls . As women are women , whether they are black or white , Asians or Americans or even if they belong to any part of the world , they have every right to enjoy equal rights whether they are at work , at home or contributing their efforts for the betterment of their society .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "723f6b9d37bc3e99df2e9cfa36ad5a47", "text": "Human Being (album) Human Being is the third album by Seal , released in 1998 . The title track was written about late rappers Tupac Shakur and The Notorious B.I.G. Human Being received mixed reviews ranging from being panned for its overtly dark and moody feel , to being described in terms such as `` pop perfection '' . The album failed to sell in the same way as his 1994 multi-platinum album , Seal . However , it is a fan favourite and was inspired by his then-girlfriend , Tyra Banks and their breakup . A remix of `` Lost My Faith '' was featured over the closing credits of the 1999 film Entrapment , and the song 's single release was accompanied by a music video in which Seal is integrated into scenes from the film alongside Sean Connery and Catherine Zeta-Jones . The album sold over 500,000 copies worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cca6b435e72330f0e7e839a171757c25", "text": "Michael Tabor (Black Panther) Michael Aloysius Tabor ( December 13 , 1946 -- October 17 , 2010 ) was an American member of the Black Panther Party who was charged and tried as part of an alleged conspiracy to bomb public buildings in New York City and kill members of the New York Police Department . Four months into the trial Tabor and another defendant fled to Algeria . Despite his ultimate acquittal on all charges , Tabor remained in exile in Africa until his death , never returning to the United States . Tabor was born on December 13 , 1946 , in Harlem and joined the Black Panther Party while in his teens . In 1970 , Tabor and 12 other members of the Black Panthers were charged for their involvement in a plot to kill police officers and to plant bombs in New York City commercial and public buildings , including the New York Botanical Garden in the Bronx . Support for the prosecution 's case came from undercover officers who claimed that the defendants had developed plans for a series of bombings and had conducted classes to instruct those participating in the plot how to construct explosive devices . Together with fellow defendant Richard Moore , Tabor failed to appear at their trial in February 1971 , forfeited $ 150,000 in bail and were declared fugitives . Blank Panther leader Huey P. Newton called Moore and Tabor `` enemies of the people '' for evading justice while on trial and putting the other defendants and the party at risk . Connie Matthews , Newton 's former secretary and Tabor 's wife , also left the country and was said to have taken valuable records with her . The two finally surfaced in Algeria the following month together with Eldridge Cleaver . The New York Times published a lengthy letter from Moore on the day before the verdicts were read explaining that they had fled the U.S. because they feared that their lives were at risk . On May 13 , 1971 , after an eight-month-long trial , the jury in New York Supreme Court in Manhattan delivered an acquittal on all 156 counts . In a statement issued from Algiers , Tabor stated that the trial represented `` an attempted railroad and that the defendants ' rights were flagrantly violated '' and said that he was `` overjoyed that the brothers are free '' . Algeria expelled Tabor and he and Matthews moved to Zambia in 1972 , where Tabor wrote about politics and hosted a radio show . Despite repeated requests , Tabor refused to return to the United States . He died at age 63 in Lusaka , Zambia , on October 17 , 2010 , due to complications of multiple strokes . He was survived by his second wife , Priscilla Matanda , as well as by a daughter and three sons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "96f200ebf3e5175a5bbd5c2e1692f1ce", "text": "The National Office for Black Catholics The National Office for Black Catholics ( NOBC ) was an organization of Black Catholics in the United States , headquartered in Washington , DC . Its mission was `` to make the Church relevant to the needs of the black community ; to assist generally in the black liberation movement ; to assist black Catholics in their efforts to become self-determining ; and to become an effective voice in the whole of Church government . '' NOBC was founded in 1970 , as an umbrella group for the National Black Catholic Clergy Caucus ( NBCCC ) , the National Black Sisters Conference ( NBSC ) , and the National Black Lay Catholic Caucus ( NBLCC ) . However , tension over the mission and organizational structure of the organization led to the formal withdrawal of the NBSC and NBCCC from NOBC in the early 1980s . Funding for the NOBC came primarily from an annual collection taken at Catholic churches around the country , called `` Black Catholics Concerned . '' NOBC undertook a variety of programs in the 1970s and 1980s . Its major departments included the Office of Culture and Worship , Office of Evangelization , Department of Church Vocations , and Education Department . The organization 's work included promoting black clerical leadership , supporting the development of African-rooted liturgy and ministries , contributing to the revitalization of black parishes , and strengthening black Catholic education . The organization also worked with the American Catholic hierarchy to bring issues around race to the forefront and participated in the 1976 `` Call to Action '' conference held by the U.S. bishops . NOBC sponsored many conferences and events throughout the 1970s and 1980s . Among its most successful events was a regular conference on African American Culture and Worship ( AACW ) . Beginning in 1980 , it also hosted a biennial conference for the organization 's members . In 1988 and 1989 , NOBC and NBLCC hosted two Lay Leadership symposiums in Belleville , Illinois . The Office of Evangelization also sponsored revival events throughout the country . The NOBC 's publications included its newsletter , Impact ! , as well as Freeing the Spirit , a newsletter of the Office of Culture and Worship . Freeing the Spirit ceased publication in 1983 , but Impact ! continued sporadic publication through the 1980s . Executive directors of the NOBC included : Br . Joseph Davis , SM ( 1970-1977 ) , Fr . Cyprian Lamar Rowe , SSF ( 1978-1980 ) , James Henderson ( 1981-1987 ) , Penelope Taylor Powell ( 1978 -LSB- acting director -RSB- , 1987-1988 ) , and Walter Hubbard ( 1988-c . 2000 ) . Although the NOBC continued its activity through the 1990s and early 2000s , its level of activity seems to have decreased .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "00a47f45a8903ab372e4f8938ed1c815", "text": "List of accolades received by BioShock Infinite BioShock Infinite is a first-person shooter video game developed by Irrational Games and published by 2K Games . Players assume control of Booker DeWitt ( Troy Baker ) , who is sent to rescue Elizabeth ( Courtnee Draper ) from her captivity on the floating air city of Columbia . The game 's development was led by creative director Ken Levine . The game was officially announced on August 12 , 2010 , and was widely anticipated . At the Spike Video Game Awards , it was nominated Most Anticipated Game three times . Following its previews at the Electronic Entertainment Expo , the game won numerous awards , including Best of Show from several gaming publications . It was released worldwide on March 26 , 2013 for Microsoft Windows , PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 . Review aggregator Metacritic assigned the game a normalized score of 94 out of 100 , indicating `` universal acclaim '' , based on 27 and 68 reviews for the Windows and PlayStation 3 versions , respectively ; the Xbox 360 version received 93 out of 100 based on 33 reviews . Within four months of its release , BioShock Infinite sold approximately four million copies , and eleven million by June 2015 . BioShock Infinite garnered awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for its music , story , visual design , characters , and the acting of its cast . At the 17th Annual DICE Awards , the game received six nominations and went on to win two awards : Action Game of the Year , and Outstanding Achievement in Original Music Composition . The game earned four nominations at the 10th British Academy Video Games Awards , winning Original Music . At IGN 's Best of 2013 , the game garnered twenty nominations and went on to win nine awards , including Best Overall Shooter Game and Best Overall Graphics for Art Design . At the 14th Annual Game Developers Choice Awards , BioShock Infinite won Best Audio and Best Visual Art . The game received nine nominations at the Spike VGX , winning Best Shooter , Best Song in a Game and Character of the Year . At the National Academy of Video Game Trade Reviewers Awards , the game received eleven nominations , with Courtnee Draper winning Supporting Performance in a Drama . The game appeared on several year-end lists of the best games of 2013 , receiving Game of the Year wins from the Associated Press , CNN , Electronic Gaming Monthly , Entertainment Weekly , Forbes , and Games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8eadd3fdcd7de949e3f0a5e730cd2634", "text": "Black (2008 film) Black is a 2008 French blaxploitation film directed by Pierre Laffargue .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "4616dace12242646c58a9f5e57752290", "text": "Reds (film) Reds is a 1981 American epic drama film co-written , produced and directed by Warren Beatty . The picture centers on the life and career of John Reed , the journalist and writer who chronicled the Russian Revolution in his book Ten Days That Shook the World . Beatty stars in the lead role alongside Diane Keaton as Louise Bryant and Jack Nicholson as Eugene O'Neill . The supporting cast includes Edward Herrmann , Jerzy Kosinski , Paul Sorvino , Maureen Stapleton , Gene Hackman , Ramon Bieri , Nicolas Coster and M. Emmet Walsh . The film also features , as `` witnesses , '' interviews with the 98-year-old radical educator and peace activist Scott Nearing , author Dorothy Frooks , reporter and author George Seldes , civil liberties advocate Roger Baldwin , and the American writer Henry Miller , among others . Beatty was awarded the Academy Award for Best Director and the film was nominated for Best Picture , but lost to Chariots of Fire . Beatty , Keaton , Nicholson and Stapleton were nominated for Best Actor , Best Actress , Best Supporting Actor and Best Supporting Actress , respectively . Stapleton was the only one of the four to win . Beatty was also nominated , along with co-writer Trevor Griffiths , for Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay , but lost to Chariots of Fire . Beatty became the third person to be nominated for Academy Awards in the categories Best Actor , Director and Original Screenplay for a film nominated for Best Picture . In June 2008 , the American Film Institute revealed its `` Ten Top Ten '' -- the best ten films in ten `` classic '' American film genres -- after polling over 1,500 people from the creative community . Reds was acknowledged as the ninth best film in the epic genre .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "455b9a4674f77f7ac8ba5044ab44ffbf", "text": "Cincinnati Reds Radio Network The Cincinnati Bell Reds Radio Network consists of 68 stations ( 52 AM , 16 FM ) in 7 states that air Cincinnati Reds games and related programming . The current primary announcers are Marty Brennaman , Jeff Brantley , and Jim Kelch . Thom Brennaman , Marty 's son , also does occasional radio play-by-play in addition to calling television broadcasts for the Reds on Fox Sports Ohio . Cincinnati Bell has naming rights of the network , while WLW of Cincinnati is the flagship station . All regular season and many spring training games are broadcast .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a3a6ec794363722584f9cd8fee806550", "text": "Darkest Africa Darkest Africa ( 1936 ) is a Republic movie serial . This was the first serial produced by Republic Pictures and was a loose sequel to a Mascot Pictures serial called The Lost Jungle , also starring Clyde Beatty . Mascot , and other companies , had been taken over in 1935 by Consolidated Film Laboratories and merged to become Republic . Producer Nat Levine was formerly the owner of Mascot Pictures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b817db0e00e057aca07ab7d8df8b56b2", "text": "List of awards and nominations received by Robert Redford The following is a list of awards and nominations received by American actor , director and producer Robert Redford . He was first nominated for an Academy Award in 1973 for his role as Johnny `` Kelly '' Hooker in The Sting . He then won Best Director in 1980 for Ordinary People . In 1994 , he was nominated twice for Best Picture and Best Director for Quiz Show . He has been nominated for seven Golden Globes , winning two for Inside Daisy Clover as New Star of the Year -- Actor ( 1965 ) , Ordinary People as Best Director ( 1980 ) , and won the Cecil B. DeMille Award in 1994 . He was awarded the Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award in 1995 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f2b0020f9610e19e3883b36da2e486f9", "text": "1919 Cincinnati Reds season The 1919 Cincinnati Reds season was a season in American baseball . The Reds won the National League pennant , then went on to win the 1919 World Series . The team 's accomplishments were overshadowed by the subsequent Black Sox scandal , when it was discovered that their American League opponents , the Chicago White Sox had tried to lose the series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "16cec031b282a1a07a5cb897af533715", "text": "Hustle (2004 film) Hustle is a television film about baseball player Pete Rose , created by ESPN Films . It was first broadcast on September 25 , 2004 . The movie follows Rose as he gambled on Major League Baseball while managing the Cincinnati Reds , then was caught and banned from baseball for life . The title , Hustle , is a reference to both Rose 's gambling problem and his nickname , `` Charlie Hustle . '' The movie stars Tom Sizemore as Pete Rose and was directed by Peter Bogdanovich .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ed72d632df5c16047a41afc2bda0c77", "text": "The Professionals (1966 film) The Professionals is a 1966 American western written , produced , and directed by Richard Brooks . It starred Burt Lancaster , Lee Marvin , Robert Ryan , and Claudia Cardinale , with Jack Palance , Ralph Bellamy , and Woody Strode in supporting roles . The script was adapted from the novel A Mule for the Marquesa by Frank O'Rourke . The film received three Academy Award nominations and an enthusiastic critical reception .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b41f99cde0b5e62d973e041813ea211", "text": "Rysher Entertainment Rysher Entertainment was the owner of television and film programming content , primarily distributed around the world by CBS Television Distribution and Paramount Pictures . Select rights are also distributed by Warner Bros. , Universal , Lionsgate , Fox , Columbia Pictures , MGM and other entertainment distribution companies worldwide . The company has its roots in Bing Crosby Productions ( `` BCP '' ) . Its namesake , actor-singer Bing Crosby , founded BCP in 1949 , and was best known for producing the sitcom Hogan 's Heroes and the medical drama Ben Casey -- in succeeding years , BCP was acquired by Cox Broadcasting . In 1993 , Cox acquired Rysher Entertainment . Rysher , founded in April 1991 by Keith Samples , had been established as an independently owned company whose original sole product had been the distribution of NBC 's series Saved By The Bell . In 1993 , and later distribution of another NBC series California Dreams in 1994 , Rysher merged with Al Masini 's Television Program Enterprises to form Rysher TPE , its alternate name used from 1993 to 1995 . Through Rysher TPE , they produced and distributed shows such as Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous ( renamed Lifestyles with Robin Leach and Shari Belafonte for its final season ) and Star Search . Later , they produced and distributed George & Alana , which ran for one season in 1995 . The company was shut down in 1999 and the library was acquired by Viacom who folded it into both the film and television division of Paramount . Rysher 's library , today distributed by CBS Television Distribution ( CTD ) and Paramount Pictures ( for TV series and films , respectively ) , includes television and feature film classics such as Hogan 's Heroes ( whose partial rights are held by CBS ) , Ben Casey , and Walking Tall , as well as more recent programs and films including Nash Bridges ( 1999 -- 2001 episodes are produced by Paramount Network Television ) , Highlander : The Series , The Opposite of Sex ( with Sony Pictures Classics ) , Kingpin and Big Night . Rysher also distributes internationally through CTD several of HBO 's award-winning titles including Arli $ $ , Oz and Sex and the City . Rysher also produced House Arrest and Zeus and Roxanne , both of which were released by MGM and distributed by HBO Home Video for home release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c726bd58c997d5941debf39a1cae0be2", "text": "Fritz the Cat (film) Fritz the Cat is a 1972 American adult animated comedy film written and directed by Ralph Bakshi . It was Bakshi 's feature film debut and is loosely based on the Fritz the Cat comic strips by Robert Crumb . It was the first animated feature film to receive an X rating in the United States . The film stars Fritz ( voiced by Skip Hinnant ) , an anthropomorphic cat in mid-1960s New York City who explores the ideals of hedonism and sociopolitical consciousness . The film is a satire focusing on American college life of the era , race relations , the free love movement , and left - and right-wing politics . The film had a troubled production history and controversial release . Crumb had disagreements with the filmmakers over the film 's political content . Fritz the Cat was controversial for its rating and content , which many viewers at the time found to be offensive . It was produced on a budget of $ 850,000 and grossed over $ 90 million worldwide . Its success led to a slew of other X-rated animated films and a sequel , The Nine Lives of Fritz the Cat ( 1974 ) , made without Crumb 's or Bakshi 's involvement .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ff169dd3789a9d2ba269c7d41528cc5f", "text": "1925 Cincinnati Reds season The 1925 Cincinnati Reds season was a season in American baseball . The team finished third in the National League with a record of 80 -- 73 , 15 games behind the Pittsburgh Pirates .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e700a9680540bc1e0014e24e0e0d274", "text": "Hollywood blacklist The Hollywood blacklist -- as the broader entertainment industry blacklist is generally known -- was the practice of denying employment to screenwriters , actors , directors , musicians , and other American entertainment professionals during the mid-20th century because they were accused of having Communist ties or sympathies . Artists were barred from work on the basis of their alleged membership in or sympathy with the Communist Party USA or refusal to assist investigations into the party 's activities . Even during the period of its strictest enforcement , the late 1940s through the late 1950s , the blacklist was rarely made explicit or verifiable , but it directly damaged the careers of scores of individuals working in the film industry . The first systematic Hollywood blacklist was instituted on November 25 , 1947 , the day after ten writers and directors were cited for contempt of Congress for refusing to testify to the House Un-American Activities Committee . A group of studio executives , acting under the aegis of the Association of Motion Picture Producers , fired the artists -- the so-called Hollywood Ten -- and made what has become known as the Waldorf Statement . On June 22 , 1950 , a pamphlet entitled Red Channels was published . Focused on the field of broadcasting , it identified 151 entertainment industry professionals in the context of `` Red Fascists and their sympathizers . '' Soon , most of those named , along with a host of other artists , were barred from employment in most of the entertainment field . The blacklist lasted until 1960 , when Dalton Trumbo , a Communist Party member from 1943 to 1948 and member of the Hollywood Ten , was credited as the screenwriter of the highly successful film Exodus , and later publicly acknowledged by actor Kirk Douglas for writing the screenplay for the movie Spartacus . A number of those blacklisted , however , were still barred from work in their professions for years afterward .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46e76a6342e84fe5da053a8ff8763059", "text": "Big Red Machine The Big Red Machine were the baseball teams of the Cincinnati Reds that dominated the National League from 1970 to 1979 . The team is widely recognized as being among the best teams in baseball history . Over that span , the team won six National League West Division titles , four National League pennants , and two World Series titles . The team 's combined record from 1970-1979 was 953 wins and 657 losses , an average of more than 95 wins per season . Additionally , the core of that Reds team actually had the best record in the Major Leagues in 1981 , but did not make the postseason that year because of Bowie Kuhn 's split-season playoff format due to the player 's strike .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d041684b454d20c8e53301b301d6c94", "text": "It Happened One Sunday It Happened One Sunday is a 1944 British romantic comedy film directed by Karel Lamac and starring Robert Beatty , Barbara White , Marjorie Rhodes , Kathleen Harrison and Moore Marriott . In the film , an Irish servant girl working in Liverpool mistakenly believes that she has a secret admirer working at a hospital , and while seeking him out accidentally meets and falls in love with a serviceman there . She spends the rest of the day around Liverpool with him and they eventually decide to marry . The film was based on the play She Met Him One Sunday by Victor Skutezky .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f447272545dd111467fcf425257f960", "text": "Sunset on the Desert Sunset on the Desert is a 1942 American Western film directed by Joseph Kane and starring Roy Rogers , and George `` Gabby '' Hayes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40ba4ecaac43844eff1bcd5527906104", "text": "Sunset Boulevard (film) Sunset Boulevard ( stylized onscreen as SUNSET BLVD. ) is a 1950 American film noir directed and co-written by Billy Wilder , and produced and co-written by Charles Brackett . It was named after the boulevard that runs through Los Angeles and Beverly Hills , California . The film stars William Holden as Joe Gillis , an unsuccessful screenwriter , and Gloria Swanson as Norma Desmond , a faded silent film star who draws him into her fantasy world where she dreams of making a triumphant return to the screen , with Erich von Stroheim as Max Von Mayerling , her devoted servant . Nancy Olson , Fred Clark , Lloyd Gough and Jack Webb play supporting roles . Director Cecil B. DeMille and gossip columnist Hedda Hopper play themselves , and the film includes cameo appearances by leading silent film actors Buster Keaton , H. B. Warner and Anna Q. Nilsson . Praised by many critics when first released , Sunset Boulevard was nominated for eleven Academy Awards ( including nominations in all four acting categories ) and won three . Deemed `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' by the U.S. Library of Congress in 1989 , Sunset Boulevard was included in the first group of films selected for preservation in the National Film Registry . In 1998 , it was ranked number twelve on the American Film Institute 's list of the 100 best American films of the 20th century , and in 2007 , it was 16th on their 10th Anniversary list .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66f18560fce3c3603473d5e7b26d2efc", "text": "History of the Cincinnati Reds The Cincinnati Reds are a Major League Baseball team . Originally named the Cincinnati Red Stockings , the name was shortened to the Cincinnati Reds in the 1890s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bf1a2307523d4c5a181842e0793df62a", "text": "List of Republic Pictures films This is a list of films produced and distributed by Republic Pictures . Republic Pictures was an American independent film production-distribution corporation with studio facilities , operating from 1935 through 1959 , and was best known for specializing in westerns , serials , and B films emphasizing mystery and action .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a69a9db544dfebd1ceab0575d8154cf", "text": "Film Booking Offices of America Film Booking Offices of America ( FBO ) , also known as FBO Pictures Corporation , was an American film studio of the silent era , a producer and distributor of mostly low-budget films . The business began in 1918 as Robertson-Cole ( U.S. ) , the American division of a British import -- export company and Robertson-Cole was formed by the English-born Harry F. Robertson and the American Rufus Sidman Cole . Robertson-Cole bought the Hallmark Exchanges ( formerly the Mutual Exchanges that became known as Exhibitors-Mutual Exchanges ) from Frank J. Hall in 1920 . Exhibitors-Mutual/Hallmark had distributed Robertson-Cole product , and acquiring the exchanges gave them the right to distribute their own films plus Hall 's product , with the exception of Charlie Chaplin reissues he had the rights to . Robertson-Cole initiated movie production in the United States in 1920 . That year , it incorporated Robertson-Cole Studios , Inc. and bought 460 acres in Santa Monica , California to establish a studio . The property , which became known as the `` R.C. Ranch '' , enabled Robertson-Cole to centralize movie production , which previously had been scattered . The movie company had relied on equipment rentals to produce motion pictures . Two years later , a corporate reorganization led to the company 's new name , with FBO becoming the official name of the distributing operation and Robertson-Cole Pictures Corp. the name of the production operation . In 1923 , the studio contracted with Western actor Fred Thomson , who would soon emerge as one of Hollywood 's most popular stars . Thomson was just one of numerous screen cowboys with whom FBO became identified . The studio , whose core market was America 's small towns , also put out many romantic melodramas , non-Western action pictures , and comedic shorts . In 1926 , financier Joseph P. Kennedy led a group that acquired the company . In June 1928 , using RCA Photophone technology , FBO became only the second Hollywood studio to release a feature-length `` talkie . '' A few months later , Kennedy and RCA chief David Sarnoff arranged the merger that created RKO , one of the major studios of Hollywood 's Golden Age .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f24a3c0ffb69d5dcb2b8d9bb0a01d37", "text": "Colorado (film) Colorado is a 1940 American Western film directed by Joseph Kane and starring Roy Rogers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74e47255cdc858f93b6c54c9bfcbe9cb", "text": "LBJ (film) LBJ is a 2017 American political drama film directed by Rob Reiner and written by Joey Hartstone . The film stars Woody Harrelson , Richard Jenkins , Bill Pullman , Kim Allen , Michael Stahl-David , Jennifer Jason Leigh , Jeffrey Donovan , Doug McKeon , and Michael Mosley . Filming began on September 21 , 2015 in New Orleans . It was screened at the 2016 Toronto International Film Festival . On October 12 , 2016 at the 27th edition of the New Orleans Film Festival , Rob Reiner accepted the inaugural Career Achievement Award from LBJ lead actor Woody Harrelson . LBJ made a second film festival showing in less than a month . On May 2 , 2017 , it was announced that Dean Devlin 's Electric Entertainment had acquired all of the film 's North American rights and that the film would be released in 2017 . It was then announced on May 4 that the film would be released in the United States on November 17 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce995a128f28a10dae8d99c3c178640d", "text": "Ben Hecht Ben Hecht -LSB- ˈhɛkt -RSB- ( February 28 , 1894 -- April 18 , 1964 ) was an American screenwriter , director , producer , playwright , journalist and novelist . A journalist in his youth , he went on to write thirty-five books and some of the most entertaining screenplays and plays in America . He received screen credits , alone or in collaboration , for the stories or screenplays of some seventy films . At the age of 16 , Hecht ran away to Chicago , where in his own words he `` haunted streets , whorehouses , police stations , courtrooms , theater stages , jails , saloons , slums , madhouses , fires , murders , riots , banquet halls , and bookshops '' . In the 1910s and early 1920s , Hecht became a noted journalist , foreign correspondent , and literary figure . In the 1920s , his co-authored , reporter-themed play , The Front Page , became a Broadway hit . The Dictionary of Literary Biography - American Screenwriters calls him `` one of the most successful screenwriters in the history of motion pictures . '' Hecht received the first Academy Award for Original Screenplay , for Underworld ( 1927 ) . Many of the screenplays he worked on are now considered classics . He also provided story ideas for such films as Stagecoach ( 1939 ) . Film historian Richard Corliss called him `` the Hollywood screenwriter '' , someone who `` personified Hollywood itself . '' In 1940 , he wrote , produced , and directed , Angels Over Broadway , which was nominated for Best Screenplay . In total , six of his movie screenplays were nominated for Academy Awards , with two winning . He became an active Zionist shortly before the Holocaust began in Germany , and wrote articles and plays about the plight of European Jews , such as , We Will Never Die in 1943 and A Flag is Born in 1946 . Of his seventy to ninety screenplays , he wrote many anonymously to avoid the British boycott of his work in the late 1940s and early 1950s . The boycott was a response to Hecht 's active support of paramilitary action against British forces in Palestine and sabotaging British property there ( see below ) , during which time a supply ship to Palestine was named the S. S. Ben Hecht . According to his autobiography , he never spent more than eight weeks on a script . In 1983 , 19 years after his death , Ben Hecht was posthumously inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "fa9054419c187058d62d6ea1b9b4c737", "text": "The Place Beyond the Pines The Place Beyond the Pines is a 2012 American crime drama film directed by Derek Cianfrance and written by Cianfrance , Ben Coccio , and Darius Marder . It stars Ryan Gosling , Bradley Cooper , Eva Mendes , Emory Cohen and Dane DeHaan , with Ben Mendelsohn , Rose Byrne , Mahershala Ali , Bruce Greenwood , Harris Yulin , and Ray Liotta in supporting roles . The film reunites Cianfrance and Gosling , who worked together on 2010 's Blue Valentine . The film was scored by Mike Patton and also featured previously written music by Estonian composer Arvo Pärt . The title is the English meaning of the city of Schenectady , New York , which is derived loosely from a Mohawk word for `` place beyond the pine plains . ''", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "d3e612806b408d0d37f1bc81566b39c7", "text": "Crash and Burn (2008 film) Crash and Burn is a 2008 made-for-television action crime thriller film released on Spike TV .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21d6bdd9671fd4a444e8c371189bd14a", "text": "Beyond This Place (2010 film) Beyond This Place ( 2010 ) is a documentary film directed by Kaleo La Belle , screened at a number of film festivals . In it , La Belle reunites with his biological father Cloud Rock La Belle , a charismatic figure who was largely absent from his life . The film deals , in a personal and intimate way , with issues of parenting , issues of freedom versus responsibility , and with the aging of the 60 's generation . The film won an award for Best Documentary over 60 minutes at the 2010 Krakow Film Festival and the `` Prix création '' award at the 2010 Visions du Réel film festival . The score of the film was written by Sufjan Stevens and Raymond Raposa . The film was screened with a live musical performance by the two musicians in the fall of 2011 , including at the Castro Theater in San Francisco .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d34cb07d090dc1bbf1d0a1524705fe2e", "text": "Tenebrae (film) Tenebrae ( also known as Tenebre ) is a 1982 English-language Italian giallo film written and directed by Dario Argento . The film stars Anthony Franciosa as American author Peter Neal , who -- while in Rome promoting his latest murder-mystery novel -- becomes embroiled in the search for a serial killer who may have been inspired to kill by the novel . John Saxon and Daria Nicolodi co-star as Neal 's agent and assistant ; Giuliano Gemma and Carola Stagnaro appear as detectives investigating the murders . John Steiner , Veronica Lario and Mirella D'Angelo also feature . The film has been described as exploring themes of dualism and sexual aberration , and has strong metafictional elements ; some commentators consider Tenebrae to be a direct reaction by Argento to criticism of his previous work , most especially his depictions of murders of beautiful women . After Argento had experimented with pure supernatural horror with 1977 's Suspiria and 1980 's Inferno , Tenebrae represented the filmmaker 's return to the giallo horror subgenre , which he had helped popularize in the 1970s . Argento was inspired by a series of incidents which saw an obsessed fan telephone the director to criticise him for the damaging psychological effects of his previous work . The telephone calls culminated in death threats towards Argento , who channelled the experience into the writing of Tenebrae . The director also wanted to explore the senselessness of killings he had witnessed and heard about while staying in Los Angeles in 1980 , and his feeling at the time that true horror came from those who wanted `` to kill for nothing '' . Shot on location in Rome and at Elios Studios , Tenebrae utilised mostly modern-looking locations and sets to help Argento realise his intent that the film reflect a near-future with a diminished population ; the director filmed none of the historical landmarks that usually featured in films set in Rome . Employing director of photography Luciano Tovoli , Argento also intended that the film simulate the stark , realistic lighting featured in television police shows at the time ; production designer Giuseppe Bassa created supporting environments that were cold and austere , with sharp angles and modernistic spaces . Several former members of Italian rock band Goblin provided Tenebraes music , a synth-heavy score inspired by rock and disco music . Tenebrae was a modest success in Italy ; it reached theatres with little controversy after Argento made cuts to one of the most violent scenes . However , in the United Kingdom , it was added to the infamous list of `` video nasties '' and banned from sale until 1999 . The film 's theatrical distribution in the United States was delayed until 1984 , when it was released in a heavily censored version under the title Unsane . In its cut form , Tenebrae received a mostly negative critical reception , but the original , fully restored version later became widely available for reappraisal ; it is considered by some to be one of Argento 's best thrillers . The film critic and author Maitland McDonagh said that it was `` in many respects ... the finest film that Argento has ever made '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f3dd15c8f78df6d9b8ef19b8c24892bd", "text": "Above the Law (film) Above the Law ( also known as Nico ) is a 1988 American action film written , produced and directed by Andrew Davis , and also produced by and starring Steven Seagal in his film debut . The film co-stars Pam Grier , Sharon Stone , Daniel Faraldo and Henry Silva . This came about after a successful screen test , financed by Michael Ovitz , leading to Seagal being offered a contract by Warner Bros. . The film was set and filmed on location in Chicago . The film was released in the United States on April 8 , 1988 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e4a34260aacb0b2b286bbf94514b2f06", "text": "Endangerment Endangerment is a type of crime involving conduct that is wrongful and reckless or wanton , and likely to produce death or grievous bodily harm to another person . There are several kinds of endangerment , each of which is a criminal act that can be prosecuted in a court . In some U.S. states , such as Florida , substantially similar language is used for the crime of Culpable negligence . The offense is intended to prohibit and therefore deter reckless or wanton conduct that wrongfully creates a substantial risk of death or serious injury to others . Various laws specify several types of endangerment : Child endangerment and animal endangerment : placing a child or animal in a potentially harmful situation , either through negligence or misconduct . Reckless endangerment : A person commits the crime of reckless endangerment if the person recklessly engages in conduct which creates a substantial risk of serious physical injury to another person . `` Reckless '' conduct is conduct that exhibits a culpable disregard of foreseeable consequences to others from the act or omission involved . The accused need not intentionally cause a resulting harm . The ultimate question is whether , under all of the circumstances , the accused 's conduct was of that heedless nature that made it actually or imminently dangerous to the rights or safety of others . Public endangerment is usually applied to crimes which place the public in some form of danger , although that danger can be more or less severe according to the crime . It is punished most frequently in Canada . Endangerment can range from a misdemeanor to a felony . For example , the New York Penal Code § 120.20 defines reckless endangerment in the second degree ( class A misdemeanor ) as conduct that `` creates a substantial serious risk of injury to another person '' , and § 120.25 deals with reckless endangerment in the first degree ( class D felony ) , which is conduct that shows a `` depraved indifference to human life '' and `` creates a grave risk of death to another person '' . In addition , § 145.25 codifies reckless endangerment to property as a class B misdemeanor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06f030be87ffb50173e040dce2fb489a", "text": "Perp walk A perp walk , or walking the perp , The term `` perp '' is short for `` perpetrator '' , and is commonly used by police departments for those they arrest . It is legally inaccurate since the arrested individual 's guilt has not been judicially established at that point . is a practice in American law enforcement of taking an arrested suspect through a public place , creating an opportunity for the media to take photographs and video of the event . The defendant is typically handcuffed or otherwise restrained , and is sometimes dressed in prison garb . Within the United States the perp walk is most closely associated with New York City . The practice rose in popularity in the 1980s under U.S. Attorney Rudolph Giuliani , when white-collar criminals were perp-walked . The perp walk arose incidentally from the need to transport a defendant from a police station to court after arrest , and the general prohibition of prior restraint under the U.S. Constitution 's First Amendment . Law enforcement agencies often coordinate with the media in scheduling and arranging them . It has been criticized as a form of public humiliation that violates a defendant 's right to privacy and is prejudicial to the presumption of innocence , but is defended as promoting transparency in the criminal justice system . American courts have permitted it on the grounds that it arises from the limitations and necessity of police procedure , but have also limited it only to those times when it is actually necessary .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a1d800f3a58ce0e26dc0d8caddded51", "text": "Goodfellas Goodfellas ( stylized as GoodFellas ) is a 1990 American crime film directed by Martin Scorsese . It is an adaptation of the 1986 non-fiction book Wiseguy by Nicholas Pileggi , who co-wrote the screenplay with Scorsese . The film narrates the rise and fall of mob associate Henry Hill and his friends over a period from 1955 to 1980 . Scorsese initially named the film Wise Guy and postponed making it ; later , he and Pileggi changed the name to Goodfellas . To prepare for their roles in the film , Robert De Niro , Joe Pesci , and Ray Liotta often spoke with Pileggi , who shared research material left over from writing the book . According to Pesci , improvisation and ad-libbing came out of rehearsals wherein Scorsese gave the actors freedom to do whatever they wanted . The director made transcripts of these sessions , took the lines he liked best , and put them into a revised script , which the cast worked from during principal photography . Made on a budget of $ 25 million , Goodfellas grossed $ 46.8 million . It received positive reviews from critics and was nominated for six Academy Awards , including Best Picture and Best Director , with Pesci winning Best Actor in a Supporting Role . The film won five awards from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts , including Best Film and Best Director . Additionally , Goodfellas was named the year 's best film by various critics ' groups . Goodfellas is widely regarded as one of the greatest films in the crime genre . In 2000 , it was deemed `` culturally , historically , and aesthetically significant '' and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the United States Library of Congress . Its content and style have been emulated in numerous other films and television shows .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "979e9b608411e33e2e4dd1d93038d4d5", "text": "Reasonable doubt Reasonable doubt is a term used in jurisdiction of Anglo-Saxon countries . Evidence that is beyond reasonable doubt is the standard of evidence required to validate a criminal conviction in most adversarial legal systems . Generally , prosecutors bear the burden of proof and are required to prove their version of events to this standard . This means that the proposition being presented by the prosecution must be proven to the extent that there could be no `` reasonable doubt '' in the mind of a `` reasonable person '' that the defendant is guilty . There can still be a doubt , but only to the extent that it would not affect a reasonable person 's belief regarding whether or not the defendant is guilty . Beyond `` the shadow of a doubt '' is sometimes used interchangeably with beyond reasonable doubt , but this extends beyond the latter , to the extent that it may be considered an impossible standard . The term `` reasonable doubt '' is therefore used . If doubt does affect a `` reasonable person 's '' belief that the defendant is guilty , the jury is not satisfied beyond `` reasonable doubt '' . The precise meaning of words such as `` reasonable '' and `` doubt '' are usually defined within jurisprudence of the applicable country . A related idea is Blackstone 's formulation `` It is better that ten guilty persons escape than that one innocent suffer '' . Beyond a reasonable doubt is the highest burden of proof in any court in the United States . Criminal cases must be proven beyond a reasonable doubt .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e3007caf7e24d088881aa9170145c8d8", "text": "Prison Break (film) Prison Break is a 1938 American crime-drama film directed by Arthur Lubin and starring Barton MacLane , Glenda Farrell and Paul Hurst . The film was based on the story `` Walls of San Quentin '' by Norton S. Parker . It was released by Universal Pictures on July 12 , 1938 . A fisherman confesses to a murder he did n't commit to protect a friend . Determined to keep out of trouble in prison , but another convict makes things difficult for him .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a05a8fff31ff099b405169519884564a", "text": "Good Will Hunting Good Will Hunting is a 1997 American drama film , directed by Gus Van Sant , and starring Robin Williams , Matt Damon , Ben Affleck , Minnie Driver and Stellan Skarsgård . Written by Affleck and Damon ( and with Damon in the title role ) , the film follows 20-year-old South Boston laborer Will Hunting , an unrecognized genius who , as part of a deferred prosecution agreement after assaulting a police officer , becomes a client of a therapist and studies advanced mathematics with a renowned professor . Through his therapy sessions , Will re-evaluates his relationships with his best friend , his girlfriend and himself , facing the significant task of confronting his past and thinking about his future . The film received positive reviews and was a financial success . It grossed over US$ 225 million during its theatrical run with only a modest $ 10 million budget . It was nominated for nine Academy Awards , including the Academy Award for Best Picture , and won two : Best Supporting Actor for Williams and Best Original Screenplay for Affleck and Damon . After Williams ' death in 2014 , it was ranked at number 53 in The Hollywood Reporters `` 100 Favorite Films '' list .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "535d2a318c964489df4b222608e81981", "text": "Auggie Rose Auggie Rose , also known as Beyond Suspicion , is a 2000 American drama film starring Jeff Goldblum and Anne Heche . It was originally shown on Cinemax and then released on video with the title Beyond Suspicion before a limited theatrical release in San Francisco , Los Angeles and New York City .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc72ddb4d40df43012112acf5c184bd5", "text": "Karen Sisco Karen Sisco is an American crime drama television series starring Carla Gugino in the title role . The series was created by novelist Elmore Leonard , based on a character who had appeared in several of his written works , as well as one film adaptation , 1998 's Out of Sight . The series debuted on October 1 , 2003 on ABC , and was canceled after seven episodes . As a U.S. Deputy Marshal , based on Miami , Florida 's Gold Coast , Karen must deal with the underbelly of South Beach nightlife and Palm Beach high life while tracking down fugitives . She also struggles to win the respect of her fellow officers . Karen occasionally gets advice from her father , a retired Miami police officer turned private investigator , who is Karen 's confidant , counselor , and confessor . The show faced stiff competition from NBC 's Law & Order . TV Guide included the series in their 2013 list of 60 shows that were `` Canceled Too Soon '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e9f536a8b5ba45b4c3167d441a87e61", "text": "This Must Be the Place This Must Be the Place may refer to : Film : This Must Be the Place ( film ) , a 2011 drama film directed by Paolo Sorrentino Song : `` This Must Be the Place ( Naive Melody ) '' , a 1983 song by Talking Heads Album : This Must Be the Place ( album ) , a 1985 album by Morrissey-Mullen This Must Be the Place , a 1992 album by Mark Korven Book : This Must Be the Place : Memoirs of Montparnasse , 1937 , repub .1989 . James `` Jimmie '' Charters , ed . Morrill Cody . This Must Be the Place : The Adventures of Talking Heads in the Twentieth Century , book , 2001 , David Bowman . This Must Be the Place , novel , 2008 Anna Winger . This Must Be the Place '' , novel , 2010 Kate Racculia", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f989b31194417efcb528494f8b7b56e2", "text": "A Simple Plan (film) A Simple Plan is a 1998 American neo-noir crime thriller film adapted by Scott B. Smith from his 1993 novel of the same name . Directed by Sam Raimi , the film stars Bill Paxton , Billy Bob Thornton and Bridget Fonda . Set in rural Minnesota , the story follows Hank Mitchell ( Paxton ) and his brother Jacob ( Thornton ) , who , along with Jacob 's friend Lou ( Brent Briscoe ) , discover a crashed plane containing $ 4.4 million in cash . The three men go to great lengths to keep the money a secret but begin to doubt each other 's trust , resulting in lies , deceit and murder . Development of the film began in 1993 before the novel was published . Mike Nichols purchased the film rights , and the project was picked up by an independent film studio , Savoy Pictures . After Nichols stepped down , the film adaptation became mired in development hell ; during the troubled pre-production , Ben Stiller and John Dahl turned down opportunities to direct the film . After Savoy closed in November 1995 , the project was sold to Paramount Pictures . John Boorman was hired to direct , but scheduling conflicts led to his replacement by Raimi . Principal photography began in January 1998 and concluded in March after 55 days ; filming took place in Wisconsin and Minnesota . The score was produced and composed by Danny Elfman . A Simple Plan premiered at the 1998 Toronto International Film Festival , where it was met with critical acclaim . The film 's appearance at the festival preceded a limited release in the United States on December 11 , 1998 , followed by a general release in North America on January 22 , 1999 . It underperformed at the North American box office , grossing $ 16.3 million on a $ 17 million production budget . Reviewers praised various aspects of the film 's production , including the storytelling , performances and Raimi 's direction . A Simple Plan earned multiple awards and nominations , among them two Academy Award nominations for Best Supporting Actor ( Thornton ) and Best Adapted Screenplay ( Smith ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee170d24518eddab940514b7be879177", "text": "Subway (Homicide: Life on the Street) `` Subway '' ( sometimes referred to as `` The Accident '' ) is the seventh episode of the sixth season of the American police television drama Homicide : Life on the Street , and the 84th episode overall . It first aired on NBC in the United States on December 5 , 1997 . In the episode , John Lange ( Vincent D'Onofrio ) becomes pinned between a Baltimore Metro Subway train and the station platform . The Baltimore homicide department is informed that Lange will be dead within an hour and Pembleton tries to solve the case while comforting Lange in his final minutes . `` Subway '' featured guest star Bruce MacVittie as a man suspected of pushing Lange into the path of the train . The episode was written by James Yoshimura , who co-produced with David Simon . It was directed by Gary Fleder and was the only episode of Homicide : Life on the Street helmed by the feature film director . Yoshimura based `` Subway '' on an episode of the HBO hidden-camera documentary show Taxicab Confessions , in which a New York City detective described a real-life instance of a man trapped between a subway train and platform . `` Subway '' was filmed on location in a Baltimore Metropolitan Transit Authority ( MTA ) station . Fleder included cinematic elements that were uncommon in the traditionally naturalistic show . This led to conflicts between Fleder and director of photography Alex Zakrzewski . `` Subway '' received overwhelmingly positive reviews but ranked number three in its time-slot during its original broadcast , capturing 10.3 million viewers but falling behind ABC 's 20/20 and CBS 's Nash Bridges . The episode won a Peabody Award for excellence in television broadcasting and was nominated for two Emmy Awards , one for Yoshimura 's script and one for D'Onofrio 's guest performance . `` Subway '' was the subject of a two-hour PBS television documentary , Anatomy of a `` Homicide : Life on the Street '' , which originally aired on the network on November 4 , 1998 . Screenwriter Vince Gilligan said `` Subway '' directly influenced an episode of The X-Files that he wrote , which in turn helped inspire the casting of Bryan Cranston in Breaking Bad .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c378d7fdaea9c7aa84d07188b8c69b66", "text": "Five Across the Eyes (film) Five Across the Eyes is a suspense/horror film directed by Greg Swinson and Ryan Thiessen and produced by Trauma One Entertainment . It was shot in 2005 in Morristown , Tennessee , and neighboring Greene County , Tennessee .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "20f47c81c48267e1dfbfe8cf664922fc", "text": "Grave Danger `` Grave Danger '' is the fifth season finale of the American crime drama CSI : Crime Scene Investigation , which is set in Las Vegas , Nevada . This two-parter was directed by Quentin Tarantino and was aired on May 19 , 2005 . The episode features veteran actors Tony Curtis and Frank Gorshin as long-time friends of character Sam Braun . Gorshin died two days before the episode aired in the United States . The episode was later dedicated to his memory .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7fd666059a1475c42e531a3b54b3dbcd", "text": "Death Warrant (film) Death Warrant is a 1990 American action crime mystery-thriller film directed by Deran Sarafian and produced by Mark DiSalle . The film was written by David S. Goyer while a student at USC , and was Goyer 's first screenplay to be sold and produced commercially . In the film , the police detective Louis Burke is going into a prison facility at California as an undercover cop in order to find out who stands behind a mysterious series of murders , and finds himself locked up with his arch-nemesis ; Christian Naylor , a psychotic serial killer who calls himself `` The Sandman '' whom sets out to exact revenge upon him after getting into prison . Death Warrant was released on September 14 , 1990 . Upon its release , the film grossed $ 46 million against production budget of only $ 6 million . The film received general mixed to poor critical reaction from critics who found the direction , its storyline , villain , and the plot poor , but highly praised the acting as well as the action scenes and the thrilling atmosphere .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0b323276c6f64434ae072eb1ca51ce6", "text": "Death row Death row is a special section of a prison in the United States that houses inmates who are awaiting execution after being sentenced to death for the conviction of a capital crime . The US is the only Western country that still applies the death penalty for capital crimes . Thirty-one of its 50 states and the federal government authorize this penalty . But by 2016 , sixteen of these states and the federal government had a formal or `` de facto '' moratorium , due in large part to questions about the death penalty itself or the use of lethal injection as a method of execution . `` Death row '' is a term also used figuratively to describe the state of awaiting execution ( `` being on death row '' ) , even in places where no special facility or separate unit for condemned inmates exists . After a person is found guilty of a capital offense , the judge will give the jury the option of imposing a death sentence or life imprisonment without the possibility of parole ( LWOP ) . It is up to a jury to decide whether to give the death sentence ; this usually has to be a unanimous decision . If sentenced to death , a convict will remain on death row during appeal and habeas corpus procedures , which can take years . Since 1973 and later , with an increasing number of persons being freed since 1993 , some 157 persons as of January 2017 have been exonerated on appeal and released from death row . Wrongful convictions have been proven based on DNA evidence , informants retracting testimony or being proven false , prosecutorial misconduct , racial bias in jury selection , and other constitutional issues .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a94acd4c4fa95591ae81a0d03fdbd8c5", "text": "Beyond Evil Beyond Evil is a 1980 horror film directed by Herb Freed and starring John Saxon .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "7554cef0896d41f1f05b72b6cd8a56d7", "text": "Ranbir Kapoor Ranbir Kapoor ( -LSB- rəˈɳbiːr kəˈpuːr -RSB- ; born 28 September 1982 ) is an Indian actor and producer . The son of actors Rishi and Neetu , and the grandson of actor-director Raj , Kapoor pursued film-making and method acting at the School of Visual Arts and the Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute , respectively . He subsequently assisted Sanjay Leela Bhansali on the film Black ( 2005 ) , and made his acting debut with Bhansali 's tragic romance Saawariya ( 2007 ) , a box office flop . Kapoor rose to prominence with his performances in the coming-of-age film Wake Up Sid ( 2009 ) , the romantic comedy Ajab Prem Ki Ghazab Kahani ( 2009 ) , the comedy drama Rocket Singh : Salesman of the Year ( 2009 ) , and the political thriller-crime drama Raajneeti ( 2010 ) . The romantic drama Rockstar ( 2011 ) and the comedy drama Barfi ! ( 2012 ) earned Kapoor two consecutive Best Actor awards at Filmfare , and a starring role in the romantic comedy Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani ( 2013 ) one of the highest-grossing Bollywood filmsestablished him as a leading Bollywood actor . However , he followed it by starring in a series of films that under-performed at the box office , although his performance in the romantic drama Tamasha ( 2015 ) was critically acclaimed . This changed in 2016 when he starred as a musician in the commercially successful romance Ae Dil Hai Mushkil . Through his career in Bollywood films , Kapoor has become one of the most popular celebrities and one of the highest-paid actors in India . He is the recipient of several awards , including five Filmfare Awards . In addition to acting in films , Kapoor supports charities and causes . He is the co-founder of the production company Picture Shuru Productions , and is a co-owner of the Indian Super League football team Mumbai City FC .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "bb7ac923ad440a25aa792aacc7679a43", "text": "Geetha Arts Geetha Arts ( Telugu : గీతా ఆర్ట్స్ ) is an Indian film production and distribution company established in 1972 by Allu Aravind , brother-in-law of Chiranjeevi . The company is based in Hyderabad and had produced films in Telugu , Tamil , Kannada and Hindi languages . Geetha Arts though came to be known for its big-budget blockbusters , the company marked its beginning by producing a small-budget movie Banthrotu Bharya in 1974 . The company delivered several successful projects from the beginning , the film Vijetha , a family drama starring Chiranjeevi set the trend of blockbusters for Geetha Arts . Since then , Geetha Arts has made movies mostly featuring superstars such as Chiranjeevi , Rajinikanth , Aamir Khan , Anil Kapoor , Pawan Kalyan , Allu Arjun and Ram Charan . After consolidating the film production business , Geetha Arts expanded its presence into film distribution , exhibition and digital content . In the highly fragmented and unorganized industry , Geetha Arts is one of the few players that has streamlined its business and evolve into an integrated film conglomerate .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "837fc04e63cd491aa5a598c806d9cda8", "text": "R. K. Films R. K. Films is a film production company , based in R. K. Studio , a film studio both established by and named after the Bollywood actor Raj Kapoor , headquartered at Chembur , Mumbai . It was founded in 1948 , one year after India gained independence . It had a rough start , as its first movie , Aag ( 1948 ) did not perform well at the box office . Most of the R.K. Films productions share a common theme of criticising society and depicting love across social divide", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15de4fea6d1defb9167a6e11108320bb", "text": "Cinema of India The cinema of India consists of films produced across India . Cinema as a medium has gained immense popularity in the country and as many as 1,600 films in various languages of India are produced annually . Indian films have also come to be followed throughout South Asia , the Greater Middle East , Southeast Asia and other countries . Dadasaheb Phalke is known as the `` father of Indian cinema '' . The Dadasaheb Phalke Award , for lifetime contribution to cinema , was instituted in his honour , by the Government of India in 1969 , and is the most prestigious and coveted award in Indian cinema . In the 20th century , Indian cinema , along with the Hollywood and Chinese film industries , became a global enterprise . As of 2013 , in terms of annual film output , India ranks first , followed by Nollywood , Hollywood and China . In 2012 , India produced 1,602 feature films . The Indian film industry reached overall revenues of $ 1.86 billion ( 93 billion ) in 2011 . This is projected to rise to $ 3 billion ( 200 billion ) in 2016 . In 2015 , India had a total box office gross of , the fourth largest in the world outside North America . Enhanced technology paved the way for upgrading from established cinematic norms of delivering product , altering the manner in which content reached the target audience . Biopics like Dangal and CGI-laden epics like Baahubali emerged as transnational blockbusters grossing over $ 200 million each in early 21st century . Indian cinema found markets in over 90 countries where films from India are screened . The Indian government extended film delegations to foreign countries such as the United States of America and Japan while the country 's Film Producers Guild sent similar missions through Europe . The provision of 100 % foreign direct investment has made the Indian film market attractive for foreign enterprises such as 20th Century Fox , Sony Pictures , Walt Disney Pictures and Warner Bros. . Indian enterprises such as AVM Productions , Prasad 's Group , Sun Pictures , PVP Cinemas , Zee , UTV , Suresh Productions , Eros Films , Ayngaran International , Pyramid Saimira , Aascar Films and Adlabs also participated in producing and distributing films . Tax incentives to multiplexes have aided the multiplex boom in India . By 2003 as many as 30 film production companies had been listed in the National Stock Exchange of India , making the commercial presence of the medium felt . The South Indian film industry defines the four film cultures of South India as a single entity . They are the Telugu , the Tamil , the Malayalam and the Kannada industries . Although developed independently over a long period , gross exchange of film performers and technicians as well as globalisation helped to shape this new identity . The Indian diaspora consists of millions of Indians overseas for which films are made available both through media such as DVDs and by screening of films in their country of residence wherever commercially feasible . These earnings , accounting for some 12 % of the revenue generated by a mainstream film , contribute substantially to the overall revenue of Indian cinema , the net worth of which was found to be 1.3 billion in 2000 . Music in Indian cinema is another substantial revenue generator with the music rights alone accounting for 4 -- 5 % of the net revenues generated by a film in India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40959f8d3abb23b5b06a6c913ab273ac", "text": "Animation studio An animation studio is a company producing animated media . The broadest such companies conceive of products to produce , own the physical equipment for production , employ operators for that equipment , and hold a major stake in the sales or rentals of the media produced . They also own rights over merchandising and creative rights for characters created/held by the company , much like authors holding copyrights . In some early cases , they also held patent rights over methods of animation used in certain studios that were used for boosting productivity . Overall , they are business concerns and can function as such in legal terms . Currently there are about 201 animation studios dedicated to the production and distribution of animated films that are active . Few are actual production house where as others are corporate entities . Many of these animation studios help with the fulfillment of animation works for big brand names and have carried out outsourced projects including Nemo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4e781a6450d10157519c30e6ea8d967a", "text": "Sanjay Kapoor Sanjay Kapoor is a Bollywood actor and producer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d1a2b1ccabcb182a13112d944fc01fc", "text": "Sarwanam Theatre Group Sarwanam Theatre Group is a leading Nepalese theatre group founded by Dr Govind Singh Rawat with its play , directed and written by Dr Govind Singh Rawat and Asses Malla ; `` Murdabad ma utheka hathharu ( Hands raised in protest ) '' at the Tribhuwan University Auditorium in Kathmandu . The play 's target was the political system , with artists depicting the grave realities of the political upheaval in the country . The ruling political elite of the time banned the play . They united with other minded theater artists and gave birth to Sarwanam Theatre Group in A.D 1982 . Today , Sarwanam has established itself as the leading theater group of Nepal . By introducing alternative theatre that requires little or no artificial props on the stage , Sarwanam has successfully triumphed over the dominating rule of the traditional and conventional proscenium theatre in Nepal . Before the birth of Sarwanam , conventional theatre was the popular form of theatre in Nepal that only focused towards the elite and privileged classes and displayed expensive props and settings . Sarwanam devised alternative theatre as a need to reach out to the common people that accumulate the large population of the country . Sarwanam emphasizes on mime and symbolic body movements to express social based stories in a distinctive style . Its heart rendering social plays express the plight of sufferers from all across the country . Since its initial days , Sarwanam has been constantly fighting to attain democracy in the nation through its highly artistic plays . It has traveled all over the nation delivering social messages through its plays . It has also established more than 50 theatre groups in various communities by assisting them in training and other activities . Sarwanam is also the pioneer organization of street theatre in Nepal . In a developing country like Nepal , they took this street theatre to every nook and corner of the country , even to most remote areas where the only mode of transportation is walking . Collaborating with INGO 's like The Asia Foundation , UN , DANIDA , WWF and Save the Children , Sarwanam 's street theatre delivers various social messages through its entertaining and engaging street plays . Sarwanam has performed popular proscenium plays all over Nepal and most South Asian countries like India , Pakistan , Bangladesh and Pakistan . It regularly invites foreign theatre groups to perform in Nepal . Some works pioneered by Sarwanam Street Drama Experimental presentation of short stories and poems in stage Advertisement Play Sarwanam music Playback Theatre Community development through theatrical activities . Organized to perform street theater , Sarwanam performs plays which focus on social issues in Nepal . Ashesh Malla , Om Mani Sharma , and Indra Ratna Bajracharya form the Managing committee who manage Sarwanam Theatre Group and Sarwanam Dramatic Art Centre . The group has developed the Sarwanam Art Centre in Putali Sadak , Kalikasthan , Kathmandu , which houses a theatre auditorium , cafeteria , art gallery , workshop hall and research centre . Sarwanam has given performances in collaboration with The Asia Foundation , UNMIN , UNFPA , and Save the Children .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "48ca92041482cad2e3b933e325b4b81a", "text": "Karan Raj Kanwar Karan Raj Kanwar is an Indian film producer . He is the son of Raj Kanwar and Anita Kanwar . He is the current head of the production company Inderjit Films Combine . Karan Raj Kanwar is recognized as the youngest film producer in India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c117ef7fa0fabe016f7a3ebe4125e507", "text": "Sanober Kabir Sanober Kabir is a former Bollywood actress . She is the niece of actor Raza Murad and great-niece of veteran actor Murad . Her cousin is actress Sonam . She made her debut in Sawan Kumar Tak 's movie ` Mother 98 ' , starring Rekha . After acting in few Bollywood flicks , Sanober decided to shift focus with her career and concentrated on television . After doing some TV Serials like Tum Bin Jaon Kaha , Arzoo Hai Tu and Karishma , she turned to singing and launched her Remix Album `` Bombshell Babe '' . Song ` Meri Bari Ke Baer Mat Thodo ' from that album was a Big Hit . In 2010 , Sanober married actor Rajiv Singh .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ddea11b2afc6e257b07614cb8310faac", "text": "Shortkut Shortkut ( also known as Short Kut : The Con Is On ) is a 2009 Bollywood comedy film directed by Neeraj Vora and produced by Anil Kapoor under Anil Kapoor Films Company . The film stars Akshaye Khanna , Arshad Warsi and Amrita Rao in lead roles . It released on 10 July 2009 worldwide to mostly negative reviews from critics . The film was an uncredited remake of the blockbuster Malayalam film Udayananu Tharam starring Mohanlal .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a985cba6e00d646ad56506e50edda672", "text": "List of films released by Yash Raj Films Yash Raj Films ( abbreviated as YRF ) is an Indian entertainment company , established by Yash Chopra in 1970 , that produces and distributes motion pictures . As of 2017 , the company has produced 71 Hindi films , including three that are yet-to-be-released , and one Tamil film . Yash Raj Films started a film distribution business in 1997 , and in addition to distributing their own productions , the company has handled the domestic and international distribution of 35 films from other companies . Yash Raj Films ' first release came in 1973 with the Chopra-directed Daag : A Poem of Love , a drama about bigamy , starring Rajesh Khanna , Raakhee and Sharmila Tagore . The company had four more releases in the 1970s , including the family drama Kabhie Kabhie and the action film Kaala Patthar , both of which starred Amitabh Bachchan . Yash Raj Films ' sole commercial success in the 1980s was the Sridevi-starring romance Chandni . The year 1995 marked the directorial debut of Yash Chopra 's son , Aditya Chopra , with the highly successful romantic drama Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge . Starring Shah Rukh Khan and Kajol , the film has the longest theatrical run in Indian cinema history . Other successful releases of the 1990s were Darr ( 1993 ) and Dil To Pagal Hai ( 1997 ) , both starring Khan . In the 2000s , Yash Raj Films produced a larger number of films . In addition to directorial ventures from Yash and Aditya Chopra , the company launched several new directors , including Sanjay Gadhvi , Vijay Krishna Acharya , Kunal Kohli , Siddharth Anand , and Shaad Ali . Some of the company 's top-grossing films in that decade include Gadhvi 's action thrillers Dhoom ( 2004 ) and Dhoom 2 ( 2006 ) , Kohli 's romantic thriller Fanaa ( 2006 ) , Ali 's comedy film Bunty Aur Babli ( 2005 ) , Yash Chopra 's romance Veer-Zaara ( 2004 ) , and Aditya Chopra 's dramas Mohabbatein ( 2000 ) and Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi ( 2008 ) . Beginning in 2008 , the company introduced a number of new actors such as Anushka Sharma , Ranveer Singh , Parineeti Chopra , and Arjun Kapoor . Yash Raj Films ' highest-grossing films came in the 2010s with the Kabir Khan-directed action thriller Ek Tha Tiger ( 2012 ) , starring Salman Khan and Katrina Kaif , the third installment of the Dhoom franchise , entitled Dhoom 3 ( 2013 ) , featuring Aamir Khan , Uday Chopra and Abhishek Bachchan , and the sports drama Sultan ( 2016 ) , starring Salman Khan and Sharma . All three films rank among the highest-grossing Bollywood films of all time . The most frequent collaborations of the company have been with the actors Rani Mukerji , Rishi Kapoor , Shah Rukh Khan , and Saif Ali Khan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ec003dd8dddf4ea761b42362ddf1ea9", "text": "Baburam Dhakal Baburam Dhakal ( born 4 April 1979 ) is a film director active in the Nepali film industry . He has directed several successful Nepali movies , such as Dulahi , 9 O'clock and Parkhi Rakha Hai . Dhakal is also a screenwriter and a producer . Dhakal has been involved in the film industry since 2000 , when he was an assistant director for the TV series Rista , broadcast on Zee TV in India . The first TV series he directed was Nalekhiyeko Saino in 2005 , broadcast on Kantipur Television Network . The first Nepali feature film he directed was Parkhi Rakha Hai in 2009 , produced by Diya Films Pvt. Ltd. . In 2015 , he produced and directed the upcoming Nepali feature film Teen Ghumti .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a3763b394daba8a2434970d287b28979", "text": "AM Television AM Television is an Indian Media Company founded by Sanjive Narain who produced Assamese language films and Television Shows . This Media company is an owner of premium Assamese language Entertainment channel Rengoni .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be96cf938a807b718b728aae130c7937", "text": "S. N. Patankar Shree Nath Patankar ( ? -1941 ) was an Indian producer , director , and cameraman . Referred to as `` one of the early pioneers of Indian Cinema '' , his influence is stated to be equal to that of Dadasaheb Phalke . He was one of a wide range of people who filmed the historic Delhi Durbar in 1911 held for King George V of England . The Durbar was also filmed by Madan and Hiralal Shah , another professional photographer from Bombay . Patankar initially teamed up with V. P. Divekar and A. P. Karandikar , with the renowned freedom fighter and Nationalist leader , Lokmanya Tilak , helping them in getting finance from Bhagwandas Chaturbhuj and Dharamdas Narayandas , two well-established financiers . Their debut production in 1912 , Savitri , directed by Patankar was unsuccessful . The three formed a production company called Patankar Union in 1913 . They produced The Death Of Narayanrao Peshwa also called The Murder Of Narayanrao Peshwa in 1915 , which has been cited as the first historical film of Indian cinema , as well as the mythological Ram Vanvas ( The Exile Of Rama ) ( 1918 ) . Patankar went on to form Patankar Friends and Company with Dwarkadas Sampat who had joined them in 1917 , producing and directing Kach-Devyani ( 1920 ) . He also worked as an actor in films like Mahashweta Kadambari ( 1922 ) , Videhi Janak ( 1923 ) , and Vaman Avatar ( 1923 ) , which were directed by him . In a career-span of fifteen years covering 1912-1926 , he made over forty films . According to Rajadhyaksha and Willemen , Patankar 's `` historicals and mythologicals were among the most professionally made films before the studio era ( pre-1925 ) '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2d9b10f940dea3147617d29548b4cd93", "text": "Mr. India (1987 film) Mr. India is a 1987 Indian Hindi science fiction superhero film directed by Shekhar Kapur . It stars Anil Kapoor , Sridevi and Amrish Puri in the lead roles The film was the highest grossing Indian film of 1987 , and remains a cult classic in India . The film was known for several of its lines and songs , including Sridevi 's Miss Hawa Hawaii performance , and Amrish Puri 's quote `` Mogambo khush hua '' ( Mogambo is pleased ) , which is one of the most famous quotes of Bollywood and became synonymous with Puri . The Mogambo character is also considered to be one of the best villains in Bollywood history . Laxmikant-Pyarelal 's music performed well too , especially the song Hawa Hawaii which is very popular till today . The film has often been featured in different lists of top Bollywood films . Indiatimes Movies ranks the movie amongst the Top 25 Must See Bollywood Films . This was the last film that the writing duo Salim-Javed wrote together . They had split up earlier in 1982 , but came back for one last film . On the centenary of Indian Cinema , Mr. India has been declared one of the 100 Greatest Indian Films of All Time . Interestingly Rajesh Khanna and Amitabh Bachchan were offered the lead role , but they turned it down as they could n't relate with the invisible hero .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6286e53de3a54e56795f523437f2059", "text": "Heera (1973 film) Heera is a 1973 producer and directed by Sultan Ahmed . The film stars Sunil Dutt , Asha Parekh and Shatrughan Sinha in lead role . The film was a `` Hit '' at the box office and ranked 9th in top grossers on 1973 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce413d4a5d3136f958c82af8496104da", "text": "Yellow Studio Works Yellow Studio Works is an Indian Production House based out of Hyderabad started by three film enthusiasts", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d49fe213f3b36a30b0d7f18726fbab86", "text": "Shekhar Sen Shekhar Sen is a singer , a music composer , a lyricist , and an actor . Sen is famous for his monoact musical plays that he researched , written , composed , enacted , and directed : `` Tulsi '' , `` Kabeer '' , `` Vivekanand '' , `` Saahab '' & `` Soordas '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd153be73a30ecdcb9930a8bad6be6b6", "text": "Viswanathan Ravichandran Viswanathan Ravichandran , also known as Oscar V. Ravichandran , is an Indian film producer and distributor in Chennai , India . He is the founder and owner of the production and distribution company , Oscar Films Pvt. Ltd. . Ravichandran started his venture in 1998 with the co-production of Kadhalukku Mariyadhai . He went on to produce many large-scale Tamil language films and distribute a number of English films across South India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09ab0fe76ae3ef93884ddafac29e39bb", "text": "Abhay (film) Abhay is a Kannada romantic action film released in 2009 written by Janardhan Maharshi and directed Mahesh Babu . It was produced by Babu Reddy under Nithin Productions banner . Darshan and Aarti Thakur appeared in lead roles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "99128aaa19530520fb491aa7f91cc31a", "text": "Upendra (actor) Upendra Rao ( born 18 September 1968 ) known mononymously as Upendra , is an Indian film actor , director , producer , screenwriter , lyricist and playback singer who works primarily in Kannada cinema . He started his career under actor and film director Kashinath , as a writer and an assistant director . His first directorial venture was Tharle Nan Maga ( 1992 ) . In the late 1990s he directed Om , which portrayed actual Bangalore gangsters , followed by A , which was his debut film as an actor . Upendra , his next film , starred Raveena Tandon , a Bollywood actress . After a decade of acting in Kannada , Telugu and Tamil films , he returned to the role of director with the multilingual movie Super , which was well-received critically and commercially . Upendra is known for his work in movies like A ( 1998 ) , Kanyadanam ( 1998 ) , Upendra ( 1999 ) , Preethse ( 2000 ) , Raa ( 2001 ) , HO ( 2002 ) , Super Star ( 2002 ) , Hollywood ( 2002 ) , Kutumba ( 2003 ) , Raktha Kanneeru ( 2003 ) , Gokarna ( 2003 ) , Omkara ( 2004 ) , Gowramma ( 2005 ) , Auto Shankar ( 2005 ) , Aishwarya ( 2006 ) , Anatharu ( 2007 ) , Budhivanta ( 2008 ) , Super ( 2010 ) , Kalpana ( 2012 ) , S/O Satyamurthy ( 2015 ) , Uppi 2 ( 2015 ) , Kalpana 2 ( 2016 ) and Mukunda Murari . Upendra has thus established himself as one of the most successful actors and directors of Kannada cinema . He is currently one of the highest paid directors and actors in the Kannada cinema .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "a747337954610056ce61f3be6677fb5a", "text": "21 Jump Street (film) 21 Jump Street is a 2012 American action comedy film directed by Phil Lord and Christopher Miller , written by Michael Bacall starring Jonah Hill and Channing Tatum . An adaptation of the 1987-1991 television series of the same name by Stephen J. Cannell and Patrick Hasburgh , set within the same continuity as the TV series ; the film follows two police officers who are forced to relive high school when they are assigned to go undercover as high school students to prevent the outbreak of a new synthetic drug and arrest its supplier . It was released theatrically on March 16 , 2012 , by Columbia Pictures and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and grossed $ 201 million . A sequel , titled 22 Jump Street , was released on June 13 , 2014 . Two further films , MIB 23 ( a crossover with the Men in Black franchise ) and a female-led spin-off , are currently in development .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "3227c4be0dfa6c08cb4d28f6f09e4ebd", "text": "NBA Live 13 NBA Live 13 is the cancelled basketball installment in the NBA Live series , developed and published by Electronic Arts ( EA ) . The game was to be a reboot of the series and would be departing from previous entries , with the focus on an `` all-new experience that captures on the future of basketball '' . NBA Live 13 was to be released for Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 . There were reports that the game could have been released digitally . However , on September 27 , 2012 , EA confirmed on their website that the game 's launch has been cancelled due to the game 's `` disappointing '' development . While the 2013 edition was cancelled , according to EA 's vice president Andrew Wilson , he stated at the time that '' -LSB- they are -RSB- going to sit out the full year and stay focused on making next year 's game great . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7924fc2cb2fa6729f29ed783c536a446", "text": "Election Special Election Special is the 2012 fifteenth studio album by American singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist Ry Cooder . After his 2011 album Pull Up Some Dust and Sit Down , Cooder continued writing topical and storyline-inspired songs . Displeased with the Republican Party and its financial supporters , he also wanted to write an album that would address listeners during the United States presidential election of 2012 , which he believed to be a critical event in the country 's history . Election Special was recorded mostly at Drive-By Studios in North Hollywood and produced by Cooder . Election Special is an American roots and blues rock album of protest songs with music characterized by upbeat melodies , simple instrumentation , and sparse arrangements . Cooder played all of the instruments , including bass , guitar , and mandolin , with the exception of drums by his son Joachim . A deeply political album , it expands on the socio-political musings and current event topics of Pull Up Some Dust and Sit Down with forthright , satirical lyrics and song-form vignettes . Cooder 's songwriting exhibits liberal and populist sentiments and draws on older musical sources such as broadside ballads and country blues . Election Special was released by Perro Verde Records and Nonesuch Records on August 16 , 2012 , one week before the 2012 Republican National Convention . It received generally positive reviews from critics , who complimented its topical protest songs and Cooder 's musicianship . The album peaked at number 164 on the Billboard 200 chart in the US , but charted significantly higher in other countries . Cooder did not tour in promotion of the album , citing a lost interest in both playing large concert venues and the commercial aspect of releasing records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b8719845ed3fa00ec10566f947ad871", "text": "Bad Ass (film) Bad Ass is a 2012 American action film written and directed by Craig Moss . The film stars Danny Trejo , Charles S. Dutton , and Ron Perlman . It is loosely based on the viral AC Transit Bus fight internet video and the films Gran Torino and Harry Brown .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af5aaef8f8e1767483ad16f9f2128cff", "text": "FEI World Cup Jumping 2011/2012 The FEI World Cup Jumping 2011/2012 is the 34th edition of the premier international show jumping competition run by the FEI . The final is held at the 's - Hertogenbosch , Netherlands from April 18 , 2012 to April 22 , 2012 . Christian Ahlmann of Germany is the defending champion , having won the final the previous year ( 2010/11 ) in Leipzig , Germany . First time ever a Chinese League is held . In the Japan League the horse show in Minamisōma was replaced by a horse show in Mito as a result of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5b1856f745a398c1556f8075fe93924c", "text": "L.A. Noire L.A. Noire is a neo-noir detective action-adventure video game developed by Team Bondi and published by Rockstar Games . It was initially released for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 platforms on 17 May 2011 ; a Microsoft Windows port was later released on 8 November 2011 . L.A. Noire is set in Los Angeles in 1947 and challenges the player , controlling a Los Angeles Police Department ( LAPD ) officer , to solve a range of cases across five divisions . Players must investigate crime scenes for clues , follow up leads , and interrogate suspects , and the player 's success at these activities will impact how much of each case 's story is revealed . The game draws heavily from both the plot and aesthetic elements of film noir -- stylistic films made popular in the 1940s and 1950s that share similar visual styles and themes , including crime and moral ambiguity -- along with drawing inspiration from real-life crimes for its in-game cases , based upon what was reported by the Los Angeles media in 1947 . The game uses a distinctive colour palette , but in homage to film noir it includes the option to play the game in black and white . Various plot elements reference the major themes of detective and mobster stories such as The Naked City , Chinatown , The Untouchables , The Black Dahlia , and L.A. Confidential . L.A. Noire is notable for using Depth Analysis 's newly developed technology MotionScan , whereby the actors portraying the game 's characters were recorded by 32 surrounding cameras to capture facial expressions from every angle . The technology is central to the game 's interrogation mechanic , as players must use the suspects ' reactions to questioning to judge whether or not they are lying . L.A. Noire was the first video game to be shown at the Tribeca Film Festival . Upon release , the game received wide acclaim for its advances in storytelling and facial animation technology . As of February 2012 , both PC and console versions had shipped nearly 5 million copies combined .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "498eeef496b629057412695de00e6276", "text": "21 Club The 21 Club , often simply 21 , is an American traditional cuisine restaurant and former prohibition-era speakeasy , located at 21 West 52nd Street in New York City .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b0abf873a90b8ef80a7ad80aafd53c77", "text": "Blur 21 Blur 21 is a CD , DVD and vinyl box set encompassing the vast majority of music by Blur . It was released on 30 July 2012 , commemorating the 21st anniversary of the release of Leisure , the band 's first album . The release took place before the band 's performance at Hyde Park as part of the 2012 Summer Olympics closing ceremony . One version of the box-set consists of eighteen CDs , three DVDs , one vinyl 7 '' record ( of the early Seymour track `` Superman '' ) and a hardcover book acting as a complete biography of the band . The CDs contain all seven Blur albums , with the first five remastered , with each album receiving a new second disc of B-side material ; as well as four ` rarities ' discs containing mostly previously unreleased material . The DVDs contain Showtime , The Singles Night and an all-new rarities disc . It is the band 's most retrospective release . Another boxset , Blur 21 Vinyl Edition , was released at the same time , featuring the band 's seven studio albums on heavyweight vinyl , each of the LPs repackaged as a double album except for Leisure , a single album . The vinyl edition does not , however , include any previously unreleased material . As above , the Blur 21 CD/DVD/7 '' single pack contains many previously unreleased recordings , including the long-awaited releases of previously known about songs like `` Pap Pop , '' `` Beached Whale '' and `` Sir Elton John 's Cock . '' Yet some previously released songs by the band have not been listed as featuring on the box set , such as `` Colours , '' a Think Tank outtake released as a fan club single in 2003 . Likewise , some unreleased songs are not featured on the box set , like `` Death Metal , '' a jam session from the 13 sessions in 1998 , and `` For Old Time 's Sake , '' recorded in 1993 for The Sunday Sunday Popular Community Song CD , but left off the EP , due to it possibly being deleted or lost . Additionally , no material from the band 's 1998 live recording and remix album Bustin ' + Dronin ' appears on the box set . Rarities 4 , one of the bonus albums in the box set , features an early mix of `` Under the Westway '' with some differences between it and the 2012 single version . The box set also includes a special code to download all the music content as MP3 , along with all the Blurb magazine issues and extra content with audio commentary and unreleased footage per album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b33f33a8da7eb25ad8645310159a5766", "text": "The Comedy The Comedy is a 2012 drama film directed and co-written by Rick Alverson , and starring Tim Heidecker . Supporting actors include Eric Wareheim ( Tim and Eric ) , James Murphy ( LCD Soundsystem ) , and Gregg Turkington ( better known as Neil Hamburger ) . The film was premiered at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival and screened within such festivals as Maryland Film Festival 2012 . The film was distributed by Tribeca Film and was slated for theatrical release on November 9 , 2012 and nationwide On Demand starting October 24 , 2012 . Despite the title and use of comedians as actors , Sundance festival chief programmer Trevor Groth says that the film is not a comedy , but instead `` a provocation , a critique of a culture based at its core around irony and sarcasm and about ultimately how hollow that is . '' The first ten minutes of the film was purposely leaked onto various torrent websites with an anti-piracy statement at the end of the video . The resulting publicity made the actual film the most pirated independent film of the year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d155668c869b39ee8be8cf74aa5f690d", "text": "D12 D12 , an initialism for The Dirty Dozen , is an American hip hop group from Detroit , Michigan . D12 has had chart-topping albums in the United States , United Kingdom , and Australia . D12 was formed in 1996 , and achieved mainstream success after Eminem rose to international fame . The original lineup consisted of the members and their alter egos . This is where Slim Shady came from . D12 released the album Devil 's Night in 2001 and D12 World in 2004 , spawning numerous hits such as `` Fight Music '' , `` Purple Pills '' , `` My Band '' , `` How Come '' and `` Shit on You '' throughout that period . Since 2006 , Eminem 's hiatus and the death of the member Proof resulted in them being less active in subsequent years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5aadd183c1015b02bbffa242a48c087", "text": "Born to Die Born to Die is the second studio album by American singer and songwriter Lana Del Rey . Her major label debut , it was released on January 27 , 2012 by Interscope Records , Polydor Records and Stranger Records . Del Rey collaborated with producers including Patrik Berger , Jeff Bhasker , Chris Braide , Emile Haynie , Justin Parker , Rick Nowels , Robopop and Al Shux to achieve her desired sound . Their efforts resulted in a primarily baroque pop record , which sees additional influences from alternative hip hop , indie pop and trip hop music . Contemporary music critics gave Born to Die mixed reviews ; some commended its distinctive production , while its repetitiveness and melodramatic tendencies were a recurring complaint . The album debuted at number two on the US Billboard 200 with first-week sales of 77,000 copies ; it was later certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) after moving one million units . Born to Die reached the peak positions on eleven international record charts . After attaining online success after its initial premiere on June 29 , 2011 , `` Video Games '' was released as the lead single from Born to Die on October 17 , 2011 ; it peaked at number ninety-one on the US Billboard Hot 100 . Its follow-up singles `` Born to Die '' , `` Off to the Races '' , `` Blue Jeans '' , `` Summertime Sadness '' , `` National Anthem '' , and `` Dark Paradise '' performed sporadically across Billboard component charts and international record charts . The Cedric Gervais remix of `` Summertime Sadness '' was released on July 11 , 2013 and became Del Rey 's highest-charting single in the United States , reaching number six on the Billboard Hot 100 . Del Rey additionally promoted Born to Die with several televised performances , including a widely criticized appearance on Saturday Night Live . It was reissued on November 9 , 2012 as an expanded version subtitled The Paradise Edition , which was packaged with her third extended play Paradise ( 2012 ) . Born to Die has sold 7,000,000 copies worldwide as of June 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe0a358f675a3134302798e5f648c410", "text": "Skyfall Skyfall is the 23rd James Bond film produced by Eon Productions and released in 2012 . It features Daniel Craig in his third performance as James Bond , and Javier Bardem as Raoul Silva , the film 's villain . It was directed by Sam Mendes and written by Neal Purvis , Robert Wade and John Logan , and features an Academy Award-winning theme , sung by Adele . It was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer ( MGM ) and Columbia Pictures . The story centres on Bond investigating an attack on MI6 ; the attack is part of a plot by former MI6 agent Raoul Silva to humiliate , discredit and kill M as revenge against her for betraying him . The film sees the return of two recurring characters to the series after an absence of two films : Q , played by Ben Whishaw , and Moneypenny , played by Naomie Harris . Skyfall is the last film of the series for Judi Dench , who played M , a role that she had played in the previous six films . The position is subsequently filled by Ralph Fiennes ' character , Gareth Mallory , though Dench would make a brief appearance in the next Bond film , Spectre . Mendes was approached to direct the film after the release of Quantum of Solace in 2008 . Development was suspended when MGM encountered financial troubles and did not resume until December 2010 ; during this time , Mendes remained attached to the project as a consultant . The original screenwriter , Peter Morgan , left the project during the suspension . When production resumed , Logan , Purvis , and Wade continued writing what became the final version of the script . Filming began in November 2011 and primarily took place in the United Kingdom , with smaller portions shot in China and Turkey . Skyfall premiered in London at the Royal Albert Hall on 23 October 2012 and was released in the United Kingdom on 26 October 2012 and the United States on 9 November 2012 . It was the first James Bond film to be screened in IMAX venues , although it was not filmed with IMAX cameras . The film 's release coincided with the 50th anniversary of the series , which began with Dr. No in 1962 . Skyfall was positively received by critics , being praised for its performances -- particularly those of Craig , Bardem and Dench -- writing and script , cinematography , Mendes ' direction , Thomas Newman 's score , and the action scenes . It was the 14th film to gross over $ 1 billion worldwide , and the first Bond film to do so . It became the seventh-highest-grossing film at the time , the highest-grossing film in the UK , the highest-grossing film in the series , the highest-grossing film worldwide for both Sony Pictures and MGM , and the second-highest-grossing film of 2012 . The film won several accolades , including two BAFTA Awards , two Academy Awards and two Grammys .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9598e8560912dabe471ba3a1e4f67a64", "text": "Mill Creek Entertainment Mill Creek Entertainment is an American home video company founded in 2002 by Ian Warfield , Robert Zakheim and Scott Moss in Minnetonka , Minnesota . The Mill Creek Entertainment catalog draws from over 12,000 hours of owned and licensed content , including contemporary and classic feature films , as well as television , animations , documentary , special interest , family entertainment and fitness content . The company 's licensing partnerships with major studios include Buena Vista Home Entertainment , Sony Pictures Home Entertainment , NBCUniversal , and Warner Home Video . The company is known for its multi-film DVD collections , which draw heavily ( but not exclusively ) from material in the public domain in the United States . The company also produces its own original documentary programming , including the National Parks Explorer Series , Up from Slavery , Gangster Empire : Rise of the Mob , The Ultimate Civil War Series , America 's Serial Killers , and The Decade You Were Born series . Mill Creek acquired the library of Crown International Pictures from now defunct Navarre Corporation subsidiary BCI Home Entertainment . On April 23 , 2012 , Mill Creek announced that they had signed a home video distribution deal with Sony Pictures Home Entertainment , acquiring the rights to distribute 250 films from the Sony Pictures catalog on DVD and Blu-ray . On August 27 , Mill Creek announced that they had signed a long term distribution deal with Sony Pictures Home Entertainment to distribute an additional 665 films and 54 TV series from the Sony Pictures library .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d3e5ec1cd3f4e7a9b318570c7820b9a", "text": "Black Reel Awards of 2012 The 2012 Black Reel Awards , which annually recognize and celebrate the achievements of black people in feature , independent and television films , took place in Washington , D.C. on February 9 , 2012 . While the film Pariah had the most nominations with nine , The Help was the big winner taking home six out of the seven awards for which it was nominated . Attack the Block and Shame were also multiple winners , with each winning two awards . Octavia Spencer , Viola Davis and Steve McQueen also won two awards apiece .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e0d1fdde990c6f4ea51f25b26d3c3f8b", "text": "Street King Immortal Street King Immortal is the upcoming sixth studio album by American rapper 50 Cent , set to be released through G-Unit Records , Caroline Records and Capitol Records . Initially reported to be released during the summer of 2011 , the release date of Street King Immortal has since been revised on several occasions . Officially announced release dates of November 13 , 2012 ; February 26 , 2013 ; and August 18 , 2016 have come and gone , with one online music forum , perhaps sardonically , classifying the album as `` Comin Never '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2636249a661d3235a10ac9722f9ffa0e", "text": "The Fast and the Furious (2001 film) The Fast and the Furious is a 2001 American-German action crime film directed by Rob Cohen , produced by Neal H. Moritz and written by Gary Scott Thompson and David Ayer . It is the first installment in the The Fast and the Furious franchise . The film stars Vin Diesel , Paul Walker , Michelle Rodriguez , Jordana Brewster , Rick Yune , Chad Lindberg , Johnny Strong , and Matt Schulze . The film follows undercover cop Brian O'Conner , who is tasked with stopping a group of unknown hijackers using high-performance racecars to hijack 18-wheelers . Inspiration for the film was sought through a Vibe magazine article titled `` Racer X '' , which detailed the illegal street racing circuit operating within New York City . Filming locations include New York City and New England , with a majority of the film being shot in southern California . The Fast and the Furious was released on June 22 , 2001 , grossing over $ 207 million worldwide from an estimated $ 38 million budget . It was later re-released on June 22 , 2016 , to celebrate its 15th anniversary . It has a 53 % approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes , which called it `` sleek and shiny on the surface '' in its critical consensus . The Fast and the Furious launched a franchise of sequels , starting with 2 Fast 2 Furious in 2003 , followed by The Fast and the Furious : Tokyo Drift in 2006 , Fast & Furious in 2009 , Fast Five in 2011 , Fast & Furious 6 in 2013 , Furious 7 in 2015 , and The Fate of the Furious in 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d680beab44ca8c88b047bc7104d55a60", "text": "Grand Theft Auto III Grand Theft Auto III is an open world action-adventure third-person shooter video game developed by DMA Design and published by Rockstar Games . It was released on 22 October 2001 for the PlayStation 2 , on 20 May 2002 for Microsoft Windows , and on 31 October 2003 for the Xbox . A remastered version of the game was released on mobile platforms in 2011 , for the game 's tenth anniversary . It is the fifth title in the Grand Theft Auto series , and the first main entry since 1999 's Grand Theft Auto 2 . Set within the fictional Liberty City , based on New York City , the game follows Claude after he is left for dead and quickly becomes entangled in a world of gangs , crime and corruption . The game is played from a third-person perspective and its world is navigated on foot or by vehicle . The open world design lets players freely roam Liberty City , consisting of three main islands . Development was shared between DMA Design , based in Edinburgh and Rockstar , in New York City . Much of the development work constituted transforming popular series elements into a 3D world . The game was delayed following the September 11 attacks , to allow the team to change references and gameplay deemed inappropriate . Upon release , the game received critical acclaim , with praise particularly directed at its concept and gameplay . However , the game also generated controversy , with criticism directed at the depiction of violence and sexual content . Grand Theft Auto III became the best-selling video game of 2001 , and has sold over 17 million copies . Considered one of the most significant titles of the sixth generation of video games , and by many critics as one of the greatest video games of all time , it won year-end accolades , including Game of the Year awards from several gaming publications . Since its release , it has received numerous ports to many gaming platforms . Its successor , Grand Theft Auto : Vice City , was released in October 2002 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c87dfd54886c4a458a5b53e8c138005b", "text": "Ultra Dance 13 Ultra Dance 13 is a compilation DJ mix album featuring songs from the dance music genre as well as dance remixes of songs . It is the thirteenth album in the Ultra Dance series . It was released by Ultra Records on February 7 , 2012 . The album peaked at number 157 on the Billboard 200 chart as well as at number 10 on the Top Dance/Electronic Albums chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a913a508bcb016d99cd6c7e4975a6a1", "text": "Major film studio A major film studio is a production and film distributor that releases a substantial number of films annually and consistently commands a significant share of box office revenue in a given market . In the North American , Western , and global markets , the major film studios , often simply known as the majors , are commonly regarded as the six diversified media conglomerates whose various film production and distribution subsidiaries collectively command approximately 80 to 85 percent of U.S. and Canadian box office revenue . The term may also be applied more specifically to the primary motion picture business subsidiary of each respective conglomerate . The `` Big Six '' majors , whose operations are based in or around the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood , are all centered in film studios active during Hollywood 's Golden Age of the 1930s and 1940s . In three cases -- 20th Century Fox , Warner Bros. , and Paramount -- the studios were one of the `` Big Five '' majors during that era as well . In two cases -- Columbia and Universal -- the studios were also considered majors , but in the next tier down , part of the `` Little Three '' . In the sixth case , Walt Disney Studios was an independent production company during the Golden Age ; it was an important Hollywood entity , but not a major . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , United Artists , and RKO were majors . Today , Disney is the only member of the Big Six whose parent entity is still located near Los Angeles ( actually , on Disney 's studio lot and in the same building ) . The five others report to conglomerates headquartered in New York City , Philadelphia , and Tokyo . Of the Big Six , Paramount is the only one still based in Hollywood , and Paramount and Fox are the only ones still located within the Los Angeles city limits , while Disney and Warner Bros. are located in Burbank , Columbia in Culver City , and Universal in the unincorporated area of Universal City . Most of today 's Big Six control subsidiaries with their own distribution networks that concentrate on arthouse pictures ( e.g. Fox Searchlight Pictures ) or genre films ( e.g. Sony 's Screen Gems ) ; several of these specialty units were shut down or sold off between 2008 and 2010 . The six major studios are contrasted with smaller production and/or distribution companies , which are known as independents or `` indies '' . The leading independent producer/distributors -- Lionsgate Films , The Weinstein Company , and former major studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer -- are sometimes referred to as `` mini-majors '' . From 1998 through 2005 , DreamWorks SKG commanded a large enough market share to arguably qualify it as a seventh major , despite its relatively small output . In 2006 , DreamWorks was acquired by Viacom , Paramount 's corporate parent . In late 2008 , DreamWorks once again became an independent production company ; its films were distributed by Disney 's Touchstone Pictures until 2016 , at which point distribution switched to Universal . The Big Six major studios are today primarily backers and distributors of films whose actual production is largely handled by independent companies -- either long-running entities or ones created for and dedicated to the making of a specific film . The specialty divisions often simply acquire distribution rights to pictures in which the studio has had no prior involvement . While the majors still do a modicum of true production , their activities are focused more in the areas of development , financing , marketing , and merchandising . Those business functions are still usually performed in or near Los Angeles , even though the runaway production phenomenon means that most films are now mostly or completely shot on location at places outside Los Angeles . Since the dawn of filmmaking , the U.S. major film studios have dominated both American cinema and the global film industry . U.S. studios have benefited from a strong first-mover advantage in that they were the first to industrialize filmmaking and master the art of mass-producing and distributing high-quality films with broad cross-cultural appeal . Today , the Big Six majors routinely distribute hundreds of films every year into all significant international markets ( that is , where discretionary income is high enough for consumers to afford to watch films ) . It is very rare , if not impossible , for a film to reach a broad international audience on multiple continents and in multiple languages without first being picked up by one of the majors for distribution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc431dbb3c3e2428ff32f656635333bb", "text": "Sparkle (2012 film) Sparkle is a 2012 American musical film directed by Salim Akil and produced by Stage 6 Films , It was released on August 17 , 2012 , by TriStar Pictures . Inspired by The Supremes , Sparkle is a remake of the 1976 film of the same name , which centered on three singing teenage sisters from Harlem who form a girl group in the late 1960s . The remake takes place in Detroit , Michigan in the 1960s during the Motown era . The film stars Jordin Sparks , Derek Luke , Whitney Houston , Mike Epps , Cee Lo Green , Carmen Ejogo , Tika Sumpter , Tamela Mann and Omari Hardwick . Sparkle features songs from the original film written by soul musician Curtis Mayfield as well as new compositions by R&B artist R. Kelly . This film is the debut of R&B / pop singer and American Idol winner Jordin Sparks as an actress . Sparkle also marks Whitney Houston 's fifth and final feature film role before her death on February 11 , 2012 , three months after filming ended . The film is dedicated to her memory .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c2e50eab752b5633fa8c57463374d46", "text": "Forever 21 Forever 21 is an American fast fashion retailer with its headquarters in Los Angeles , California . Forever 21 began as a 900 square foot store in Highland Park , CA in 1984 , and has grown into clothing lines Forever 21 , XXI Forever , Love 21 , and Heritage throughout over 600 stores in the Americas , Asia , the Middle East , and the UK . More than 60 % of its apparel is made in China and the average store size is 38,000 square feet . Forever 21 is known for its trendy offerings and its low pricing . The company sells clothing , accessories , and beauty products for women , men , and girls . The company has been involved in various controversies , ranging from labor practice issues to copyright infraction accusations to religion . The clothing ages from toddler to grownup , for kids and adults . Forever 21 is the 5th largest specialty retailer in the United States .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "ac403ca6eae1e21233e6c6ad36abddf4", "text": "Julie Christie Julie Frances Christie ( born 14 April 1940 ) is an English actress . An icon of the `` swinging London '' era of the 1960s , she has won the Academy , Golden Globe , BAFTA , and Screen Actors Guild Awards , and in 1997 she received the BAFTA Fellowship . Christie 's breakthrough film role was in Billy Liar ( 1963 ) . She came to international attention in 1965 for her performances in Darling , for which she won the Academy Award for Best Actress , and Doctor Zhivago , the eighth highest-grossing film of all time after adjustment for inflation . In the following years , she starred in Fahrenheit 451 ( 1966 ) , Far from the Madding Crowd ( 1967 ) , Petulia ( 1968 ) , The Go-Between ( 1971 ) , McCabe & Mrs. Miller ( 1971 ) , for which she received her second Oscar nomination , Do n't Look Now ( 1973 ) , Shampoo ( 1975 ) , and Heaven Can Wait ( 1978 ) . From the early 1980s her appearances in mainstream films reduced , though she held roles as Thetis in Wolfgang Petersen 's historical epic Troy and in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban ( both 2004 ) . She has continued to receive significant critical recognition for her work , including Oscar nominations for the independent films Afterglow ( 1997 ) and Away from Her ( 2007 ) .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "7c088180726ca6f42c734c66be53e22b", "text": "Afterglow (Soulfire Revolution album) Afterglow is the second studio album by Soulfire Revolution . Dream Records released the album on August 21 , 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1567a3b04fb8f0469d15d034ce3f35a", "text": "Julie Hébert Julie Hébert ( sometimes credited as Julie Hebert ) is an award-winning writer/director of theater , film and television .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0cb1b42e0a949eaf2cee3dadcf286880", "text": "Southern Ontario Gothic Southern Ontario Gothic is a subgenre of the Gothic novel genre and a feature of Canadian literature that comes from Southern Ontario . This region includes Toronto , Southern Ontario 's major industrial cities ( Windsor , London , Hamilton , St. Thomas , Oshawa , St. Catharines ) , and the surrounding countryside . While the genre may also feature other areas of Ontario , Canada , and the world as narrative locales , this region provides the core settings . The term was first used in Graeme Gibson 's Eleven Canadian Novelists ( 1972 ) to recognize an existing tendency to apply aspects of the Gothic novel to writing based in and around Southern Ontario . In an interview with Timothy Findley , Gibson commented that Findley 's novel The Last of the Crazy People shared similarities with the American Southern Gothic genre , to which Findley replied , '' ... sure , it 's Southern Gothic : Southern Ontario Gothic . '' Notable writers of this subgenre include Alice Munro , Margaret Atwood , Robertson Davies , Jane Urquhart , Marian Engel , James Reaney and Barbara Gowdy . Like the Southern Gothic of American writers such as William Faulkner , Flannery O'Connor and Eudora Welty , Southern Ontario Gothic analyzes and critiques social conditions such as race , gender , religion and politics , but in a Southern Ontario context . Southern Ontario Gothic is generally characterized by a stern realism set against the dour small-town Protestant morality stereotypical of the region , and often has underlying themes of moral hypocrisy . Actions and people that act against humanity , logic , and morality all are portrayed unfavourably , and one or more characters may be suffering from some form of mental illness . In a review of Alice Munro 's Dear Life for Quill & Quire , literary critic James Grainger writes that `` Violence , illness , and reputations ruined by a single indiscretion are accepted in Munro 's secretive , repressed communities as a kind of levelling mechanism , rough justice for those who dare to strive for something finer . '' The Gothic novel has traditionally examined the role of evil in the human soul , and has incorporated dark or horrific imagery to create the desired setting . Some ( but not all ) writers of Southern Ontario Gothic use supernatural or magic realist elements ; a few deviate from realism entirely , in the manner of the fantastical gothic novel . Virtually all dwell to a certain extent upon the grotesque . Notable works of the genre include Davies ' Deptford Trilogy , Findley 's Headhunter , Atwood 's Alias Grace and The Blind Assassin , and Munro 's Selected Stories . The genre has been criticised as having `` little or nothing to distinguish it from everyday , garden-variety type realism . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a1f7deadfaa275f35ce9b3aaac7d2ac1", "text": "Déjà Vu (2006 film) Déjà Vu ( stylised onscreen without accents ) is a 2006 American science fiction thriller film directed by Tony Scott , written by Bill Marsilii and Terry Rossio , and produced by Jerry Bruckheimer . The film stars Denzel Washington , Paula Patton , Jim Caviezel , Val Kilmer , Adam Goldberg and Bruce Greenwood . It involves an ATF agent who travels back in time in attempts to prevent a domestic terrorist attack that takes place in New Orleans and to save a woman with whom he falls in love . Filming took place in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina . The film was premiered in New York City on November 20 , 2006 , and released widely in the United States and Canada two days later on November 22 , 2006 . It received mixed reviews from critics , and earning $ 64 million in the United States and $ 180 million worldwide . It was the 23rd most successful film worldwide for 2006 . The film was nominated for five awards , and also won the Golden Reel Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d7bd9f9bdac2af58d43937630af0fbd", "text": "Julie Ann Emery Julie Ann Emery ( born January 16 , 1975 ) is an American actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bbd085b00e542b3296699bb7afb519c5", "text": "Death on the Nile (2004 film) Death on the Nile is a 2004 British television film , part of the ITV Agatha Christie 's Poirot series , based on the mystery novel Death on the Nile by Agatha Christie . The film was shot almost entirely on location in Egypt .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "41a050af2f1927bc0fced957173ef2d5", "text": "John and Julie John and Julie ( 1955 ) is a British comedy film , featuring Peter Sellers and Sid James in early screen roles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c87df78df4d70b27af3959ce4bf11ec", "text": "A Kiss Before Dying (1956 film) A Kiss Before Dying is a 1956 American color film noir , directed by Gerd Oswald in his directorial debut . The screenplay was written by Lawrence Roman , based on Ira Levin 's 1953 novel of the same name , which won the 1954 Edgar Award for `` Best First Novel . '' The drama stars Robert Wagner , Jeffrey Hunter , Virginia Leith , Joanne Woodward , and Mary Astor . It was remade in 1991 under the same title . Wagner plays a charming , intelligent man who will stop at nothing to get his life where he wants it to go . His problem is a pregnant woman -- played by Joanne Woodward in one of her first film roles -- who loves him . The solution involves desperate measures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b80943e6b2bef01c2b88bec31dbf6ab7", "text": "Sleeping Murder Sleeping Murder : Miss Marple 's Last Case is a work of detective fiction by Agatha Christie and first published in the UK by the Collins Crime Club in October 1976 and in the US by Dodd , Mead and Company later in the same year . The UK edition retailed for # 3.50 and the US edition for $ 7.95 . The book features Miss Marple . It was the last Christie novel , published posthumously , although not the last one Christie wrote featuring Miss Marple . The story is set in the 1930s , though written during the Second World War . She aids a young couple who choose to uncover events in the wife 's past life , and not let sleeping murder lie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "04c06f49302a6dee09c7f5324a366b6b", "text": "ITV Sunday Night Theatre ITV Sunday Night Theatre , originally titled ITV Saturday Night Theatre , is a UK television anthology series screened on ITV , and produced by London Weekend Television ( LWT ) . Some episodes were produced with Kestrel Productions . Around 200 episodes aired on ITV from 1969-1974 , including productions of the plays Long Day 's Journey into Night by Eugene O'Neill , A Doll 's House by Henrik Ibsen , and Arms and the Man by George Bernard Shaw . Other episodes included adaptions of the works of William Shakespeare , James Joyce , Wilkie Collins , Simon Gray , Sam Shepard , Israel Horovitz , Arthur Miller , August Strindberg , J.B. Priestley , Lanford Wilson , and John Mortimer . Among its directors were Michael Lindsay-Hogg , Anthony Page , Mike Newell , Fielder Cook , Ted Kotcheff , Peter Wood , and Vivian Matalon . The actors involved included Helen Mirren , Laurence Olivier , Sean Connery , Anthony Hopkins , Michael Caine , Paul Scofield , George C. Scott , Laurence Harvey , Ralph Richardson , Diana Rigg , Trevor Howard , Glenda Jackson , Diane Cilento , Alec Guinness , Jane Asher , Martin Sheen , Colleen Dewhurst , Jean Marsh , Shelley Winters , Ian Holm , Richard Chamberlain , Edith Evans , John Gielgud , Shirley Knight , Ian McKellen , George Sanders and Margaret Whiting .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "533d879219aecb5a0b0cf9b7e115fba3", "text": "Premonition (2007 film) Premonition is a 2007 American supernatural thriller film directed by Mennan Yapo and starring Sandra Bullock , Julian McMahon , and Amber Valletta . The film 's plot depicts a housewife named Linda who experiences the days surrounding her husband 's death in a non-chronological order , and how she attempts to save him from his impending doom .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87003a47360810806bd7a5e0034449a9", "text": "Glorious 39 Glorious 39 is a 2009 British war thriller film written and directed by Stephen Poliakoff . Starring Romola Garai , Bill Nighy , Julie Christie , Jeremy Northam , Christopher Lee , David Tennant , Jenny Agutter and Eddie Redmayne . The film was released on 20 November 2009 . On the eve of World War II , as the formidable Keyes family tries to uphold its traditional way of life , daughter Anne ( Garai ) sees her life dramatically unravel when she stumbles upon secret recordings of the pro-appeasement movement .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1576092a8605636de72c560dbdd1e0a", "text": "Murphy's Law (film) Murphy 's Law is an American 1986 thriller film directed by J. Lee Thompson from a screenplay by Gail Morgan Hickman . It was released by Cannon Films to the United States on April 18 , 1986 . The film stars Charles Bronson and Kathleen Wilhoite in lead roles with a supporting cast that includes Carrie Snodgress , Robert F. Lyons , and Richard Romanus . The movie marks the sixth collaboration between Bronson and director J. Lee Thompson ( following 1976 's St. Ives , 1977 's The White Buffalo , 1980 's Caboblanco , 1983 's 10 to Midnight , and 1984 's The Evil That Men Do ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d12b898d3a6ac29ff11795a7e682d06", "text": "Morgan Christie Morgan Christie is an Australian film director and music video director , film editor and producer . He is a graduate of the Australian Film Television and Radio School with specialization in Cinematography and Digital Media and alumni of the Berlinale Talent Campus .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d1af54a3663a9c1bb4c078d37b1d66d", "text": "The Secret Life of Words The Secret Life of Words is a 2005 Spanish drama film written and directed by Isabel Coixet and starring Sarah Polley , Tim Robbins , Javier Cámara and Julie Christie . It was released on December 15 , 2006 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ac31278c6141d5bcaa905b55372e9962", "text": "Witness for the Prosecution (1982 film) Witness for the Prosecution is a 1982 television film version of Agatha Christie 's short story and play , and also a remake of the Billy Wilder film Witness for the Prosecution ( 1957 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84950113a2aa56910a4b33a122b27087", "text": "The Ever After The Ever After is a 2014 American drama film directed by Mark Webber and starring Teresa Palmer , Rosario Dawson , Melissa Leo and Webber .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bd12adeb38acf8d39d363d772e17810c", "text": "Aftershocks (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.) `` Aftershocks '' is the eleventh episode of the second season of the American television series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. , based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D. ( Strategic Homeland Intervention , Enforcement and Logistics Division ) , revolving around the character of Phil Coulson and his team of S.H.I.E.L.D. agents as they race to strike back against Hydra after an apparent defeat to the latter , while several characters discover they have gained new abilities following the end of the previous episode . It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe ( MCU ) , sharing continuity with the films of the franchise . The episode was written by Maurissa Tancharoen and Jed Whedon , and directed by Billy Gierhart . Clark Gregg reprises his role as Coulson from the film series , and is joined by series regulars Ming-Na Wen , Brett Dalton , Chloe Bennet , Iain De Caestecker , Elizabeth Henstridge , Nick Blood , and Adrianne Palicki . Palicki was promoted to series regular with this episode , after having a recurring guest role in the first half of the season . The episode also saw the return of Marvel 's `` The Art of ... '' marketing initiative . `` Aftershocks '' originally aired on ABC on March 3 , 2015 , and according to Nielsen Media Research , was watched by 4.48 million viewers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b967ffa532c8dcca28cd962d17b773d4", "text": "Star Over Bethlehem Star Over Bethlehem is an illustrated book of poetry and short stories on a religious theme by crime writer Agatha Christie . It was published under the name `` Agatha Christie Mallowan '' ( whose only other book to be published under this by-line was the 1946 short autobiography Come , Tell Me How You Live ) . It was published in the UK by Collins on 1 November 1965 in an edition priced at thirteen shillings and sixpence ( 13/6 ) and in the US by Dodd , Mead and Company in an edition retailing at $ 4.95 . The volume contains five poems and six short stories , all on the theme of Christianity . Some of the poems can be taken as comments or epilogues on the short stories ( e.g. Gold , Frankincense and Myrrh refers to the gifts in the stable which The Naughty Donkey in the preceding story attempts to eat ) . Although relatively unknown , this work , when referred to at all , is often stated as being for children ; however the stories it contains are firmly aimed at an adult audience and with adult themes , especially for 1965 . For instance , in the story The Water Bus , Mrs Hargreaves 's cleaner tries to offload her woes to her employer , the main one of which is that her daughter is dying in hospital after an illegal abortion went wrong . Little is known of the reasons for the writing of the contents of this book , however Christie is known to have retained strong religious beliefs throughout her life . She is also said to have been pleased with Collins ' plans for the publication and its illustrations by Elsie Wrigley and pleased at the reception of the book and , for once , requests for it to be autographed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2639440ca43894e96ba7bff6e38c80cc", "text": "After (novel) After is a young adult novel written by Francine Prose . It was first published in 2003 , and the nearby school shooting is reminiscent of the Columbine High School massacre in 1999 . After a school shooting 50 miles away , the new grief and crisis counselor ( Dr. Willner ) attempts to control the students ' lives , using the recent tragedy as an excuse for increasingly restricting their lives . The school gradually is controlled by the grip of the administration , and students who do not comply with the new rules disappear , never to be seen again . Its plot is reminiscent of Nineteen Eighty-Four by George Orwell . Similarities include the normalization of propaganda and surveillance with the telescreens in 1984 and the TVs on school buses spouting so called educational content that turns out to be blatantly false . These novels also touch on brainwashing , with the nightly emails sent to parents that convince them to send their children away to reform camps from which they never return . In contrast , After takes place during the reforms , showing how they were allowed to happen , while 1984 only shows the aftermath and its inevitability . The ending of After also shows the main character ( Tom Bishop ) escaping his town with his friends and family , a much lighter closing than 1984 . Described in the New York Times Book Review as a `` rich parable '' , this novel questions the line that must be drawn when freedom is more important than safety .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "37d95df6d449b046ff5eab5883b21827", "text": "François de Belleforest François de Belleforest ( 1530 -- 1 January 1583 ) was a prolific French author , poet and translator of the Renaissance . He was born in Comminges , into a poor family , and his father ( a soldier ) was killed when he was seven . He spent some time in the court of Marguerite of Navarre , traveled to Toulouse and Bordeaux ( where he met George Buchanan ) , and then to Paris where he came into contact with members of the young literary generation , including Pierre de Ronsard , Jean Antoine de Baïf , Jean Dorat , Remy Belleau , Antoine Du Verdier and Odet de Turnèbe . In 1568 he became historiographer to the king . He died in Paris . Belleforest wrote on cosmography , morals , literature and history , and he translated the works of Matteo Bandello , Boccaccio , Antonio de Guevara , Lodovico Guicciardini , Polydore Vergil , Saint Cyprian , Sebastian Münster , Achilles Tatius , Cicero and Demosthenes into French . He is also the author of the first French pastoral novel , La Pyrénée ( or La Pastorale amoureuse ) ( 1571 ) modeled on the Diana of Jorge de Montemayor . His Grandes Annales are a polemic tract against François Hotman . His total output comprises more than 50 volumes . His most successful work was most likely his translation and adaptation of the `` histoires tragiques '' by the Italian Matteo Bandello , which built on the work of Pierre Boaistuau and eventually amounted to seven volumes ( 1564-1582 ) . One of these tales might be the source for Shakespeare 's Hamlet .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "eca888c872d280bd3e82daac612eb852", "text": "Jean-François de Bastide Jean-François de Bastide ( 15 July 1724 , Marseille -- 4 July 1798 , Milan aged 73 ) was an 18th-century French writer and playwright . The son of a magistrate from Provence , Bastide was a polygraph : he wrote novels ( Histoire d'une religieuse par elle-même , `` Bibliothèque universelle des romans '' , May 1786 , 24 p. in-16 ) , theatre plays , critics , and was also a journalist and a compilator . As a journalist , he published Le Nouveau spectateur ( 1758 -- 60 ) , Le Monde tel qu'il est ( 1760 -- 61 ) , Journal de Bruxelles ou le Penseur ( 1766 -- 67 ) , etc. . He also directed the `` Bibliothèque universelle des romans '' from 1779 to 1789 . As a playwright , he composed : 1749 : Le Désenchantement inespéré 1762 : L'Épreuve de la probité 1763 : Les Caractères de la musique 1763 : Les Deux talents , opéra comique presented at Comédie Italienne 11 August ( music by chevalier d'Herbain ) 1764 : Le Jeune homme , comedy presented in Bordeaux 1766 : Les Amants opposés , comedy presented in The Hague 11 March La Majorité , comedy presented the same day in the same theatre 1766 : Le Soldat par amour , opéra comique presented in Brussel , at Théâtre de la Monnaie , 4 November ( music by Pierre Van Maldere and Ignaz Vitzthumb ) Gésoncourt et Clémentine , tragedy presented the same day in the same theatre . La Petite-Maison , published in Contes de M. de Bastide , Paris , L. Cellot , 1763 , II , 1 , p. 47-88", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0582437ed458a4a7b8b06c660cbde93", "text": "French colonial empire The French colonial empire constituted the overseas colonies , protectorates and mandate territories that came under French rule from the 16th century onward . A distinction is generally made between the `` first colonial empire '' , that existed until 1814 , by which time most of it had been lost , and the `` second colonial empire '' , which began with the conquest of Algiers in 1830 . The second empire came to an end after the loss of bitter wars in Vietnam ( 1955 ) and Algeria ( 1962 ) , and peaceful decolonization elsewhere after 1960 . Competing with Spain , Portugal , the United Provinces , and later Britain , France began to establish colonies in North America , the Caribbean , and India in the 17th century . A series of wars with Great Britain and other European major powers during the 18th century and early 19th century resulted in France losing nearly all of its conquests . France rebuilt a new empire mostly after 1850 , concentrating chiefly in Africa , as well as Indochina and the South Pacific . Republicans , at first hostile to empire , only became supportive when Germany started to build her own colonial empire . As it developed the new empire took on roles of trade with France , especially supplying raw materials and purchasing manufactured items , as well as lending prestige to the motherland and spreading French civilization and language , and the Catholic religion . It also provided manpower in the World Wars . It became a moral mission to lift the world up to French standards by bringing Christianity and French culture . In 1884 the leading proponent of colonialism , Jules Ferry declared ; `` The higher races have a right over the lower races , they have a duty to civilize the inferior races . '' Full citizenship rights -- assimilation -- were offered , although in reality `` assimilation was always receding -LSB- and -RSB- the colonial populations treated like subjects not citizens . '' France sent small numbers of settlers to its empire , contrary to Great Britain , and previously Spain and Portugal , with the only notable exception of Algeria , where the French settlers nonetheless always remained a small minority . At its apex , it was one of the largest empires in history . Including metropolitan France , the total amount of land under French sovereignty reached 11500000 km2 in 1920 , with a population of 110 million people in 1939 . In World War II , Charles de Gaulle and the Free French used the overseas colonies as bases from which they fought to liberate France . Historian Tony Chafer argues : `` In an effort to restore its world-power status after the humiliation of defeat and occupation , France was eager to maintain its overseas empire at the end of the Second World War . '' However , after 1945 anti-colonial movements began to challenge European authority . The French constitution of October 27 , 1946 ( Fourth Republic ) , established the French Union which endured until 1958 . Newer remnants of the colonial empire were integrated into France as overseas departments and territories within the French Republic . These now total altogether 119,394 km ² ( 46,098 sq. miles ) , which amounts to only 1 % of the pre-1939 French colonial empire 's area , with 2.7 million people living in them in 2013 . By the 1970s , says Robert Aldrich , the last `` vestiges of empire held little interest for the French . '' He argues , `` Except for the traumatic decolonization of Algeria , however , what is remarkable is how few long-lasting effects on France the giving up of empire entailed . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "753967f04e3a3d538afa3296873f8159", "text": "Charles Frédéric Dubois Charles Frédéric Dubois ( 28 May 1804 -- 12 November 1867 ) was a Belgian naturalist . He was the author of Planches colorées des oiseaux de l'Europe ( `` Color plates of the birds of Europe '' ) and Catalogue systématique des Lépidoptères de la Belgique ( `` Systematic catalog of the Lepidoptera of Belgium '' ) , which was completed by his son , Alphonse Joseph Charles Dubois ( 1839 -- 1921 ) , after his death . The following quote has been widely attributed to Charles Dubois , as on the Favorite Quotes blog : `` The important thing is this : to be able at any moment to sacrifice what we are for what we could become . '' However , its correct attribution appears to be to Charles Du Bos ( 1882-1939 ) , the French critic of French and English literature . The quote comes from his book Approximations ( 1922 ) : '' ... premier tressaillement vital ; surtout il s ` agit à tout moment de sacrifier ce que nous sommes à ce que nous pouvons devenir . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "99aaaf2431f35e518db9a1da6cde56ad", "text": "Martin le Franc Martin le Franc ( c. 1410 -- 1461 ) was a French poet of the late Middle Ages and early Renaissance . He was born in Normandy , and studied in Paris . He entered clerical orders , becoming an apostolic prothonotary , and later becoming secretary to both Antipope Felix V and Pope Nicholas V. He was named provost at Lausanne in 1443 , became canon of the Church of Geneva in 1447 . In 1451 he was employed by the Duke of Savoy , and he became administrator of the abbey of Novalèse in 1459 . Le Franc 's most famous work was his huge , 24,000-verse composition Le Champion des Dames ( The Champion of Women ) , dedicated to Philip the Good and dating from 1440 or 1442 ( first printed in Lyon in 1485 and again in Paris in 1530 ) . It recounts the nobility and deeds of many women throughout history , including Joan of Arc , and also fiercely attacks corruption in government as well as the hedonistic luxury of the aristocratic class . It was illuminated by Peronet Lamy . Martin le Franc is famous in music history for penning the phrase `` la contenance angloise '' , the English countenance , a much-debated phrase referring to a characteristically English sound found in the music of composers such as John Dunstaple . The `` countenance '' -- probably consonant , sweet intervals ( 3rds and 6ths ) which were predominant in the music of contemporary English composers -- was massively influential on the music of the Burgundian School during the period that Burgundy was allied with England . Another long poem by Le Franc is L'Estrif de Fortune et Vertu ( 1447-1448 ) , which was also moralistic and didactic , presenting a debate between Fortune and Virtue .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c6e8f90a9f124eace14cd6ae6950950", "text": "Louis Marie Fontan Louis Marie Fontan ( November 4 , 1801 -- October 10 , 1839 ) , a French man of letters , was born in Lorient and died in Thiais . He began his career as a clerk in a government office , but was dismissed for taking part in a political banquet . At the age of nineteen he went to Paris and began to contribute to the Tablettes and the Album . He was brought to trial for political articles written for the latter paper , but defended himself so energetically that he secured indefinite postponement of his trial . The offending paper was suppressed for a time , and Fontan produced a collection of political poems , Odes et epîtres , and a number of plays , of which Perkins Warbec ( 1828 ) , written in collaboration with MM . Halévy and Drouineau , was the most successful . In 1828 the Album was revived , and in it Fontan published a virulent but witty attack on Charles X , entitled Le Mouton enrage ( June 10 , 1829 ) . To escape the inevitable prosecution Fontan fled over the frontier , but , finding no safe asylum , he returned to Paris to give himself up to the authorities , and was sentenced to five years ' imprisonment and a heavy fine . He was liberated by the revolution of 1830 , and his Jeanne la folle , performed in the same year , gained a success due perhaps more to sympathy with the author 's political principles than to the merits of the piece itself , a somewhat crude and violent picture of Breton history . A drama representing the trial of Marshal Ney , which he wrote in collaboration with Charles Dupeuty , Le Proces d'un maréchal de France ( printed 1831 ) , was suppressed on the night of its production . Fontan died in Thiais on 10 October 1839 . A sympathetic portrait of Fontan as a prisoner , and an analysis of his principal works , are to be found in Jules Janin 's Histoire de la littérature dramatique , vol . i and also in Eugène Briffault 's biographical portrait `` Fontan '' in the collection Nouvelles parisiennes ( 1843 ) . Category :19 th-century French dramatists and playwrights Category :19 th-century male writers Category : People from Lorient Category :1801 births Category :1839 deaths", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b135143641dd338439675fb93d1209f5", "text": "François Villon François Villon ( pronounced -LSB- fʁɑ̃swa vijɔ̃ -RSB- in modern French ; in fifteenth-century French , -LSB- -LSB- frɑnswɛ vilɔn -RSB- -RSB- ) , born in Paris in 1431 and disappeared from view in 1463 , is the best known French poet of the late Middle Ages . A ne'er - do-well who was involved in criminal behavior and had multiple encounters with law enforcement authorities , Villon wrote about some of these experiences in his poems .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "83c3ce691d0445fbe8e5eca4adb6f738", "text": "Louis L'Amour Louis Dearborn L'Amour ( -LSB- ˈluːi_ləˈmʊr -RSB- 22 March 1908 -- 10 June 1988 ) was an American novelist and short story writer . His books consisted primarily of Western novels ( though he called his work ` frontier stories ' ) ; however , he also wrote historical fiction ( The Walking Drum ) , science fiction ( The Haunted Mesa ) , non-fiction ( Frontier ) , as well as poetry and short-story collections . Many of his stories were made into films and John Wayne once made the dubious assertion that L'Amour was the most interesting man in the world . L'Amour 's books remain popular and most have gone through multiple printings . At the time of his death almost all of his 105 existing works ( 89 novels , 14 short-story collections , and two full-length works of nonfiction ) were still in print , and he was considered `` one of the world 's most popular writers '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8e58d8198290beb96a7242cc174a7ed", "text": "Charles Simon Favart Charles Simon Favart ( 13 November 1710 -- 12 May 1792 ) was a French playwright . Born in Paris , the son of a pastry-cook , he was educated at the college of Louis-le-Grand , and after his father 's death he carried on the business for a time . His first success in literature was La France delivrée par la Pucelle d'Orléans , a poem about Joan of Arc which obtained a prize of the Académie des Jeux Floraux . After the production of his first vaudeville , Les Deux Jumelles ( 1734 ) , circumstances enabled him to relinquish business and devote himself entirely to the drama . He provided many pieces anonymously for the lesser theatres , and first put his name to La Chercheuse d'esprit , which was produced in 1741 . Among his most successful works were Annette et Lubin , Le Coq du milage ( 1743 ) , Ninette à la cour ( 1753 ) , Les Trois Sultanes ( 1761 ) and L'Anglais de Bordeaux ( 1763 ) . Favart became director of the Opéra-Comique , and in 1745 married Marie Justine Benoîte Duronceray , a beautiful young dancer , singer and actress , who as `` Mlle Chantilly '' had made a successful début the year before . By their united talents and labours , the Opéra-Comique rose to such a height of success that it aroused the jealousy of the rival Comédie-Française and was suppressed . Favart , left thus without resources , accepted the proposal of Maurice , comte de Saxe , and became director of a troupe of comedians which was to accompany Maurice 's army into Flanders . It was part of his duty to compose from time to time impromptu verses on the events of the campaign , amusing and stimulating the spirits of the men . So popular were Favart and his troupe that the enemy became desirous of hearing his company and sharing his services , and permission was given to gratify them , battles and comedies thus curiously alternating with each other . The marshal , an admirer of Mme Favart , began to pay her unwanted attentions . To escape him she went to Paris , and the wrath of Saxe fell upon the husband . A lettre de cachet was issued against him , but he fled to Strasbourg and found concealment in a cellar . Favart survived his wife by twenty years . After the marshal 's death in 1750 he returned to Paris and resumed his pursuits as a dramatist . It was at this time that he became friendly with the abbé de Voisenon , who helped him with his work , to what extent is uncertain . He had grown nearly blind in his last days , and died in Paris . His plays have been republished in various editions and selections ( 1763-1772 , 12 vols. ; 1810 , 3 vols. ; 1813 ; 1853 ) . His correspondence ( 1759-1763 ) with Count Durazzo , director of theatres at Vienna , was published in 1808 as Mémoires et correspondance littéraire , dramatique et anecdotique de CS Favart . It furnishes valuable information on the state of the literary and theatrical worlds in the 18th century .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c024d3a438a2e5fc0de97d7a4433d5ca", "text": "Christine de Pizan Christine de Pizan ( also seen as de Pisan ; -LSB- kʁistin də pizɑ̃ -RSB- ; 1364 -- c. 1430 ) was an Italian French late medieval author . She served as a court writer for several dukes ( Louis of Orleans , Philip the Bold of Burgundy , and John the Fearless of Burgundy ) and the French royal court during the reign of Charles VI . She wrote both poetry and prose works such as biographies and books containing practical advice for women . She completed forty-one works during her 30-year career from 1399 to 1429 . She married in 1380 at the age of 15 , and was widowed 10 years later . Much of the impetus for her writing came from her need to earn a living to support her mother , a niece and her two surviving children . She spent most of her childhood and all of her adult life in Paris and then the abbey at Poissy , and wrote entirely in her adopted language , Middle French . Her early courtly poetry is marked by her knowledge of aristocratic custom and fashion of the day , particularly involving women and the practice of chivalry . Her early and later allegorical and didactic treatises reflect both autobiographical information about her life and views and also her own individualized and humanist approach to the scholastic learned tradition of mythology , legend , and history she inherited from clerical scholars and to the genres and courtly or scholastic subjects of contemporary French and Italian poets she admired . Supported and encouraged by important royal French and English patrons , she influenced 15th-century English poetry . Her success stems from a wide range of innovative writing and rhetorical techniques that critically challenged renowned writers such as Jean de Meun , author of the Romance of the Rose , which she criticized as immoral . In recent decades , Christine de Pizan 's work has been returned to prominence by the efforts of scholars such as Charity Cannon Willard , Earl Jeffrey Richards and Simone de Beauvoir . Certain scholars have argued that she should be seen as an early feminist who efficiently used language to convey that women could play an important role within society . This characterization has been challenged by other critics , who say that it is either an anachronistic use of the word or a misinterpretation of her writing and intentions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd6c57df2cc565094150cfaf7de740e6", "text": "Octave Crémazie Octave Crémazie ( April 16 , 1827 -- January 16 , 1879 ) was a French Canadian poet and bookseller born in Quebec City . Recognized both during and after his lifetime for his patriotic verse and his significant role in the cultural development of Quebec , Crémazie has been called `` the father of French Canadian poetry . '' Octave was the youngest of the four surviving children of Jacques Crémazie and Marie-Anne Miville . From 1836 to 1844 , he was a student at the Seminary of Quebec , where the priest John Holmes ( American priest ) introduced him to the works of the French Romantic writers . Alfred de Musset , Alphonse de Lamartine , and Victor Hugo , in particular , had a profound influence on the future poet . After finishing his studies at the Seminary of Quebec , Crémazie went into business with his brother Joseph , a bookseller . Their shop in Quebec City , the J. et O. Crémazie bookstore , was instrumental in the North American dissemination of works by many Romantic writers . It was also a meeting place for the members of what would become known as Quebec 's literary movement of 1860 . While still in his early twenties , Crémazie helped found the Institut canadien , an organization devoted to the promotion of French Canadian culture . He would later serve as the organization 's president ( from 1857 to 1858 ) . Crémazie 's first published poems appeared in L'Ami de la religion et de la patrie ( edited by his brother Jacques ) and other Quebec City newspapers . Recognition for his poetry grew throughout the 1850s . As French-Canadian literature scholar Odette Condemine writes : His nostalgic evocation of the happiness that preceded the Conquest and the miseries that followed roused his compatriots ' fervour . `` Le vieux soldat canadien '' ( 1855 ) and Le Drapeau de Carillon ( 1858 ) were enthusiastically received and won Crémazie his title as `` national bard . '' The longing for a glorious , vanished past and the sense of estrangement from France in Crémazie 's work has prompted the critic Gilles Marcotte to describe it as a poetry of exile . Despite the popularity of his bookstore , Octave Crémazie 's extravagant taste for foreign commodities led to large debts and trouble with creditors . By 1862 , his financial situation had become so dire that he fled to France in secret , leaving the bookstore bankrupt . He lived at different times in Paris , Bordeaux , and Le Havre under the name of Jules Fontaine , poor and isolated despite having secured a modest job and the support of a few French friends . Crémazie 's poetic production stopped when he left Quebec . The documents that survive from his later years include his Journal du siège de Paris , a diary detailing the hardship that Parisians and Crémazie himself endured during the siege of the capital in 1870 and 1871 . Many of his letters to close friends and family members also survive , including his correspondence with the priest Raymond Casgrain , to whom Crémazie often expressed his ideas about literature . Octave Crémazie died in Le Havre on January 16 , 1879 . Œuvres complètes , a volume of Crémazie 's poems and letters edited by Raymond Casgrain , was published in 1882 by the Beauchemin bookstore in Montreal and the Institut canadien de Québec . The book included the following remarks : `` In a word , the publishers wanted this book to stand as the most enduring monument that could be raised to the memory of the most patriotic , and indeed the most hapless , of our poets . '' A statue depicting a French Canadian soldier stands in Montreal 's Saint-Louis Square ( Rue de Malines and Saint-Denis ) with Crémazie 's name across the top and the years 1827-1879 ( his years of birth and death ) . Underneath the soldier are the words : Pour mon drapeau je viens ici mourir ( literally : `` For my flag I come here to die '' ) . There is also a Montreal metro station named for him on the orange line , located on the boulevard likewise named in his honour .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a00b486d8f9d6b3ab067aebf2687e35", "text": "Gil Blas (periodical) Gil Blas ( or Le Gil Blas ) was a Parisian literary periodical named for Alain-René Lesage 's novel Gil Blas . It was founded by the sculptor Augustin-Alexandre Dumont in November 1879 . Gil Blas serialized famous novels such as Émile Zola 's Germinal ( 1884 ) and L'Œuvre ( 1885 ) before they appeared in book form . Guy de Maupassant regularly published short stories in Gil Blas . The journal was also known for its opinionated arts and theatre criticism . Contributors included René Blum , Alexandru Bogdan-Pitești , and Abel Hermant . Théophile Steinlen and Albert Guillaume provided illustrations . Gil Blas was published regularly until 1914 , when it went on a short hiatus due to the outbreak of World War I. Afterwards , it was published intermittently until 1938 . In addition to Germinal , Gil Blas serialized the Zola novels L'Argent , Au Bonheur des Dames , and La Joie de vivre . Guy de Maupassant stories which debuted in Gil Blas include '' À vendre , '' `` Imprudence , '' `` L'Inconnue , '' `` La Bête à Maît ' Belhomme , '' `` La Confidence , '' `` La Baptême , '' `` Tribunaux Rustiques '' and perhaps most famously `` Le Horla '' . Gil Blas critic Louis Vauxcelles 's phrase `` Donatello chez les fauves ! '' ( `` Donatello among the wild beasts '' ) brought notoriety and attention to the works of Henri Matisse and Les Fauves exhibited at the Salon d'Automne of 1905 . Vauxcelles ' comment was printed on 17 October 1905 and passed into popular usage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa643cbc5903ce20e90f52d7b779245e", "text": "Essay of Dramatick Poesie Essay of Dramatic Poesy by John Dryden was published in 1668 . It was probably written during the plague year of 1666 . Dryden takes up the subject that Philip Sidney had set forth in his Defence of Poesie ( 1580 ) and attempts to justify drama as a legitimate form of `` poetry '' comparable to the epic , as well as defend English drama against that of the ancients and the French . The treatise is a dialogue between four speakers : Eugenius , Crites , Lisideius , and Neander . The four speakers represented , respectively Charles Sackville ( Lord Buchhurst and later sixth Earl of Dorset ) , Sir Robert Howard -LSB- playwright and Dryden 's brother-in-law -RSB- , Sir Charles Sedley ( Edward Malone identified him as Lisideius ) and Dryden himself ( neander means `` new man '' and implies that Dryden , as a respected member of the gentry class , is entitled to join in this dialogue on an equal footing with the three older men who are his social superiors ) . On the day that the English fleet encounters the Dutch at sea near the mouth of the Thames , the four friends take a barge downriver towards the noise from the battle . Rightly concluding , as the noise subsides , that the English have triumphed , they order the bargeman to row them back upriver as they begin a dialogue on the advances made by modern civilization . They agree to measure progress by comparing ancient arts with modern , focusing specifically on the art of drama ( or `` dramatic poesy '' ) . The four men debate a series of three topics : ( 1 ) the relative merit of classical drama ( upheld by Crites ) vs. modern drama ( championed by Eugenius ) ; ( 2 ) whether French drama , as Lisideius maintains , is better than English drama ( supported by Neander , who famously calls Shakespeare `` the greatest soul , ancient or modern '' ) ; and ( 3 ) whether plays in rhyme are an improvement upon blank verse drama -- a proposition that Neander , despite having defended the Elizabethans , now advances against the skeptical Crites ( who also switches from his original position and defends the blank verse tradition of Elizabethan drama ) . Invoking the so-called unities from Aristotle 's Poetics ( as interpreted by Italian and refined by French scholars over the last century ) , the four speakers discuss what makes a play `` a just and lively imitation '' of human nature in action . This definition of a play , supplied by Lisideius/Orrery ( whose rhymed plays had dazzled the court and were a model for the new drama ) , gives the debaters a versatile and richly ambiguous touchstone . To Crites ' argument that the plots of classical drama are more `` just , '' Eugenius can retort that modern plots are more `` lively '' thanks to their variety . Lisideius shows that the French plots carefully preserve Aristotle 's unities of action , place , and time ; Neander replies that English dramatists like Ben Jonson also kept the unities when they wanted to , but that they preferred to develop character and motive . Even Neander 's final argument with Crites over whether rhyme is suitable in drama depends on Aristotle 's Poetics : Neander says that Aristotle demands a verbally artful ( `` lively '' ) imitation of nature , while Crites thinks that dramatic imitation ceases to be `` just '' when it departs from ordinary speech -- i.e. prose or blank verse . A year later , the two brothers-in-law quarreled publicly over this third topic . See Dryden 's `` Defense of An Essay of Dramatic Poesy '' ( 1669 ) , where Dryden tries to persuade the rather literal-minded Howard that audiences expect a play to be an imitation of nature , not a surrogate for nature itself .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e832e8f2faf0b9d103ef3bc7bac8edd", "text": "Gustave de Romand Gustave , baron de Romand , ( 18 -- - 18 -- ) was a respected amateur French entomologist , a member of the Société entomologique de France . who was prominent in the political arena . He contributed on September 4 , 1837 , a `` Description of the male Epomidiopteron Julii . '' to the Royal Entomological Society of London , but his modest place in the history of entomology is secured by his Tableau de l'aile supérieure des Hyménoptêres ( privately printed in Paris , 1838 ) . In a hand-colored lithograph it presented 28 kinds of Hymenopteran upper wings , their homologous features differently tinted , so that by comparing them the viewer could establish to which family an individual specimen belonged . In an accompanying printed 14-column table , the terms used by previous entomologists to describe Hymnopteran wings are tabulated.are presented for comparison . The Australian paper wasp Ropalidia romandi was named by Élie Jean François Le Guillou to honour him in 1841 . M. de Roland was more widely known among his contemporaries as a conservative politician , author of the political essay De l'État des partis en France ( 1839 ) , and of an essay on the dictatorial political strength of radical , socialist Paris over the provinces ( De la dictature de Paris sur la France ) in the year of revolution , 1848 . The crisis of 1848 elicited from him several other pamphlets . He was a member of the Corps législatif under the Second Empire ( 1852-1870 ) . He published his Souvenirs politiques et administratifs in 1855 . His father , aide-de-camp of the prince de Polignac and a staunch royalist during the Hundred Days was ennobled by Louis XVIII at the second Bourbon restoration , 1815 , and was made a member of the Legion of Honor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e3be893ce156dd40d2dbce75a3d296f", "text": "Conseil du Roi The Conseil du Roi ( -LSB- kɔ̃sɛj dy ʁwa -RSB- ; French for `` The King 's Council '' ) , also known as the is a general term for the administrative and governmental apparatus around the king of France during the Ancien Régime designed to prepare his decisions and give him advice . It should not be confused with the role and title of a `` Conseil du Roi '' , a type of public prosecutor in the French legal system at the same period . One of the established principles of the French monarchy was that the king could not act without the advice of his council . Under Charles V , it was put forward that the king made decisions only after `` good and careful deliberation '' ( bonne et mûre délibération ) , and this principle was maintained by his successors ; the closing formula of royal acts `` le roi en son conseil '' expressed this deliberative aspect . Even during the period of French absolutism , the expression `` car tel est notre bon plaisir '' ( `` because such is our pleasure '' ) applied to royal decisions made with consultation . The administration of the French state in the early modern period went through a long evolution , as a truly administrative apparatus -- relying on old nobility , newer chancellor nobility ( `` noblesse de robe '' ) and administrative professionals -- substituted the feudal clientel system . The exact divisions and names of these councils varied over time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e0cd7aa31da46095e447b273d932476", "text": "Aristopia Aristopia : A Romance-History of the New World is an 1895 utopian novel by Castello Holford , considered the first novel-length alternate history in English ( and among the earliest alternate histories in general ) . Though part of the major wave utopian and dystopian literature that distinguished the final decades of the nineteenth century , Holford 's book reverses the normal stance of utopian projection : instead of imagining a better society at a future time or in a far-off place , he supposes that the founding of the United States occurred under different conditions and follows its development forward to a superior society in his own day . In Aristopia ( Greek for `` the best place '' ) , Ralph Morton , an early settler in Virginia , discovers a reef made of solid gold . He cannily uses his wealth to build a planned society , based on the Utopia of Sir Thomas More , with innovations and adaptations of his own . In Aristopia , all the land is owned by the government , and only leased to businesses and private citizens . Large-scale trade is also monoplized by the state , and inherited wealth is limited . Morton welcomes productive refugees from European conflicts -- Huguenots , Irish fugitives from Cromwell 's wars , and northern Italian and Swiss artisans . The colony prospers , buys more land from the Indians , and spreads westward . Morton dies at the age of 100 ; his descendants and successors carry his policies forward . The Aristopians support the American Revolution , and on their own initiative conquer Canada . Aristopia comes to dominate the new nation , eventually ruling all of North America north of Mexico . Holford loads his description of Aristopia with satirical remedies for what he saw as contemporary problems and circumstances . In Aristopian jurisprudence , for example , the Court for Assessing the Value of Abstract Words and Phrases polices the language to prevent abuses ; it is the largest and busiest function in the Palace of Justice . The English playwright Henry Arthur Jones was taken with the idea of Aristopia , and used it in his own polemical writings , as in his `` The Tax-Wise Men of Aristopia '' and his My Dear Wells . Holford was not the first writer in English to employ the term `` Aristopia . '' The eighteenth-century freethinker John Fransham ( 1730 -- 1810 ) left a posthumous manuscript titled Memorablilia Classica , which contains a piece called `` The Code of Aristopia , or Scheme for a Perfect Government . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f84b311f2c643bc3da87f52ab045f0ac", "text": "Sibylle Riqueti de Mirabeau Sibylle Aimée Marie-Antoinette Gabrielle de Riquetti de Mirabeau , Comtesse de Martel de Janville ( 16 August 1849 -- 28 June 1932 ) was a French writer who wrote under the pseudonym Gyp . She was born at the château de Coëtsal near Plumergat , in the département of the Morbihan , in Brittany , her father , Joseph-Arundel de Riquetti , comte de Mirabeau , 1820 -- 1860 , being the great-grandson of Victor de Riquetti , marquis de Mirabeau ( Mirabeau Père ) , noted 18th-century economist , and grandnephew of Honoré Mirabeau the celebrated revolutionary orator . In view of her later opinions , it is interesting to remember that Sibylle was actually descended from Octave Mirabeau 's royalist younger brother , André-Boniface-Louis de Riquetti , vicomte de Mirabeau , ( 1754 -- 1792 ) known as Mirabeau-Tonneau because of his notorious embonpoint , who famously broke his sword in front of France 's Revolutionary Assembly ( where he represented the nobility of the Limousin ) while bitterly crying out : `` now that The King is giving up his kingdom , a nobleman no longer needs a sword to fight for him ! '' Although , in her memoires , `` Gyp '' stated that she had been born on August 15 , which happens to have been Napoleon Bonaparte 's birthday , her birth certificate reads `` morning of August 16 , 1849 '' , according to her biographer , W. Z. Silvermann . At her father 's request , the name on her birth certificate was revised to read `` Sibylle Aimée Marie Antoinette Gabrielle '' . Sibylle 's mother , the comtesse de Mirabeau , née de Gonneville ( 1827 -- 1903 ) was also a writer , who contributed to Le Figaro . In 1869 , Sibylle married count Roger de Martel de Janville , by whom she had three children . Gyp wrote humorous sketches and novels which brazenly denounced her own fashionable society as well as the French republic 's political class . She hated republicanism , populist democracy , and party shenanigans ; supported Boulanger ; and was a fanatical anti-Semite & anti-Dreyfusard ; in fact , while testifying at a court case in 1899 she gave her profession as `` anti-Semite '' rather than `` writer '' . She began with some articles in La Vie parisienne in February 1877 , then in La Revue des Deux Mondes . Starting in 1880 , she began to publish in book form , under the pseudonym of Gyp , a total of more than 120 works , many highly successful : Petit Bob , ( 1882 ) , Les Chasseurs , Un trio turbulent , Autour du mariage ( 1883 ) , Ce que femme veut ( 1883 ) , Sans voiles ( 1885 ) , Autour du divorce ( 1886 ) , Dans le train ( 1886 ) , Mademoiselle Loulou ( 1888 ) , Bob au salon ( 1889 ) , L'éducation d'un prince ( 1890 ) , Passionette ( 1891 ) , Oh ! la grande vie ( 1891 ) , Une Election à Tigre-sur-mer ( 1890 ) , based on Gyp 's experience supporting a boulangiste candidate , Marriage civil ( 1892 ) , Ces bons docteurs ( 1892 ) De haut en bas ( 1893 ) , Le Mariage de Chiffon ( 1894 ) , Leurs âmes ( 1895 ) , Le Cœur d'Ariane ( 1895 ) , Le Bonheur de Ginette ( 1896 ) , Totote ( 1897 ) , Lune de miel ( 1898 ) , Israel ( 1898 ) , L'Entrevue ( 1899 ) , Le Pays des champs ( 1900 ) , Trop de chic ( 1900 ) , Le Friquet ( 1901 ) , La Fée ( 1902 ) , Un Mariage chic ( 1903 ) , Un Ménage dernier cri ( 1903 ) , Maman ( 1904 ) , Le Cœur de Pierrette ( 1905 ) , Les Flanchards ( 1917 ) , Souvenirs d'une petite fille ( 1927 -- 1928 ) , etc. . Her best-known work is probably Le Mariage de Chiffon , filmed in 1942 by Claude Autant-Lara . Because of her unpopular opinions , the comtesse was the victim of several attempts on her life as well as of a sensational kidnapping . Gyp , self-styled `` last of the Mirabeaus '' , died at Neuilly-sur-Seine on 28 June 1932 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8390795b8ecf4ce30cbb862e3a4a2b42", "text": "Louis Havet Pierre Antoine Louis Havet ( -LSB- avɛ -RSB- ; 6 January 1849 , Paris -- 26 January 1925 , Paris ) was a French Latinist and Hellenist , an expert on classical Greek and Latin poetry . He was the son of Ernest Havet . He was professor at Collège de France , where in 1885-1925 he was chairman of the department of Latin philology . Since 1893 he was member of the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres . In 1917 he became the first vice-president of the Association Guillaume Budé . He was member of the central committee of the Ligue des droits de l'homme ( `` Human Rightl League '' ) , which defended Alfred Dreyfus in the Dreyfus affair .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7aedfb8973adf7ef592ccb117f419782", "text": "Françoise de Graffigny Françoise de Graffigny , née d'Issembourg Du Buisson d'Happoncourt ( 11 February 1695 - 12 December 1758 ) , was a French novelist , playwright and salon hostess . Initially famous as the author of Lettres d'une Péruvienne , a novel published in 1747 , she became the world 's best-known living woman writer after the success of her sentimental comedy , Cénie , in 1750 . Her reputation as a dramatist suffered when her second play at the Comédie-Française , La Fille d'Aristide , was a flop in 1758 , and even her novel fell out of favor after 1830 . From then until the last third of the twentieth century , she was almost forgotten , but thanks to new scholarship and the interest in women writers generated by the feminist movement , Françoise de Graffigny is now regarded as one of the major French writers of the eighteenth century .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e95d44b98c0ddcae7a107e36541bcb50", "text": "François de La Rochefoucauld François de La Rochefoucauld may refer to : François de La Rochefoucauld ( writer ) ( 1613 -- 1680 ) , French author François de La Rochefoucauld ( cardinal ) ( 1558 -- 1645 ) , French cardinal of the Catholic Church François de La Rochefoucauld , marquis de Montendre ( 1672 -- 1739 ) , Field Marshal of the British Army François Alexandre Frédéric de La Rochefoucauld , Duke of La Rochefoucauld ( 1747 -- 1827 ) , French social reformer François , duc de La Rochefoucauld ( 1765 -- 1848 )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "75bc616d61f016a21c21c97d77e159ac", "text": "Marchand-mercier A marchand-mercier is a French term for a type of entrepreneur working outside the guild system of craftsmen but carefully constrained by the regulations of a corporation under rules codified in 1613 . The reduplicative term literally means a merchant of merchandise , but in the 18th century took the connotation of a merchant of objets d'art . Earliest references to this Corps de la Ville de Paris can be found at the close of the 16th century , but in the 18th century marchands-merciers were shopkeepers but they also played an important role in the decoration of Paris homes . In fact , they served as general contractors , designing and commissioning pieces of the most fashionable furniture , and often , in addition , worked outside of their shops as interior decorators , responsible for many aspects of a room 's decor . In Paris , the guild system , in place since the late Middle Ages , prohibited craftsmen from working with any material with which they had not undergone a formal apprenticeship . Only a marchand-mercier who worked outside of the guild system , therefore , could mount Chinese porcelains with gilt-bronze handles and stands , fit the cabinetmaker 's furniture with Japanese lacquer or Sèvres porcelain plaques , and supply furniture with opulent gilt-bronze ( or ormolu ) mounts . The general lines permitted to their métier were set out under Charles IX , in 1570 , as : `` Wholesale merchants , drapers and jewelers , in such way that under this status of wholesaler ( estat de grossier ) have been included at all times the merchants of cloth of gold , of silver , of silk ... tapestries , jewellery , spiced goods , textiles , hammered copper , silk thread , hardware and the like , of which it is not permitted to have any manufacture whatsoever , but only to sell , buy , display , bedeck and beautify all kinds of merchandise '' Thus the marchands-merciers were characterised in the Encyclopédie as `` sellers of everything , makers of nothing '' '' . Jacques Savary des Bruslons elaborated this lapidary remark and revealed the disdain of his generation towards handcrafts : `` This Corporation is considered the noblest and most excellent of all the Corporations of Merchants , all the more because those who compose it do not labour at all and make no handiwork , if it were not to beautify those things that are already made and manufactured '' Though they were confined by law to no narrow specialisation , the Parisian marchands-merciers followed narrow fields -- Savary distinguished twenty -- following the usages of their training and their connections , in highly competitive fields dominated by fashion . Among them a small group of marchands-merciers specialised in works of art , catering to an elite circle of connoisseurs and collectors towards the middle of the 18th century , when a vogue for exoticism expressed itself in chinoiserie . Savary 's Dictionnaire detailed the wares of : `` those who sell pictures , prints , candelabras , wall-lights , girandoles of gilded brass and -LSB- patinated -RSB- bronze , crystal chandeliers , figures of bronze , marble , wood and other material ; cabinets , coffers , armoires , table , little tables , and candlestands put together of wood and gilded , marble tables and other merchandise and curiosities proper for the ornament of lodgings . '' These entrepreneurs helped guide and even create fashions , such as that for Chinese porcelains , mounted in purely French gilt bronze , transforming a vase into a ewer with rococo lip and handle , or reversing one bowl over another , with an open-work gilt-bronze rim , to function as a perfume-burner . Only a marchand-mercier could marshal the resources required to create such objects . Marchands-merciers bought Japanese lacquer screens and boxes , had them dismantled and their wooden backing shaved down , then commissioned ébénistes like Bernard II Vanrisamberg or Joseph Baumhauer to produce furniture veneered with exotic lacquer panels shaped to fit the complex curves of Louis XV surfaces , and perhaps completed with French imitations , or entirely japanned in Vernis Martin , which might imitate Chinese blue and white porcelain decors , such as the blue-on-white ensemble of furniture Hébert delivered in 1743 for Mme de Mailly The influence of the marchands-merciers on French porcelain is also considerable . Lazare Duvaux alone bought three-fifths of the total output of Sèvres in 1757 , representing a total of 165,876 livres . Certain forms in the Sèvres archives carry the names of well-known marchands-merciers in their designations . Membership in the corps was carefully controlled . A new member , born in France , had to undergo an apprenticeship of three years , followed by another three as a compagnon , during which time he was bound to remain unmarried . His master could take on but one apprentice at a time , and the apprenticeships were duly enregistred at the corporation 's offices in rue du Petit-Lion ( rue Quincampoix ) . A sum changed hands , estimated by Guillaume Glorieux as averaging about 1720 500 or 600 livres , and a larger sum was owed to the corporation when the individual was received master ( maîtris ) , some 1700 livres . There were two exceptions to this rule , made for purveyors to the Court -- marchands privilégié suivant le cour -- by decree of the king , and for those who married the daughter of one of the accredited merchants . The Parisian marchands-merciers congregated in rue Saint-Honoré , marking their establishments with catchy and amusing signs ; there could be found the premises of Hébert , Simon-Philippe Poirier -- and later at the same premises at the sign of the Golden Crown his partner Dominique Daguerre and Martin-Eloi Lignereux -- Mme Dulac , Julliot , Lebrun at the King of the Indies and Tuard au château de Bellevue . Nearby , in rue de la Monnaie , the street where the manufacture royale of Sèvres eventually chose to open its porcelain shop , were Darnault , father and son , at the sign of the King of Spain , and Lazare Duvaux . Edme-François Gersaint , for whom Watteau painted L'Enseigne de Gersaint as a shop sign had premises , following an old tradition , in a house on the Pont Notre-Dame . There , he advertised in 1740 , he `` Sells all sorts of new and tasteful hardware ( Cainquaillerie ) , trinkets , mirrors , cabinet pictures , pagods , lacquer and porcelain from Japan , shellwork and other specimens of natural history , stones , agates , and generally all curious and exotic merchandise '' . A newcomer , Granchet , opened premises Au petit Dunkerque , in the Left Bank , Quai Conti at the far end of the Pont Neuf . Among these entrepreneurial dealers and interior decorators at the apex of their profession , towards the middle of the century Hébert achieved the greatest celebrity , appearing in the popular novel Thémidore ( 1745 ) and marrying his daughter to the son of the Dauphine 's first femme de chambre in 1751 , in a contract signed at Versailles .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "4216d5cbaa6eaf742f861c5842324eb7", "text": "Myles Kennedy Myles Richard Kennedy ( born Myles Richard Bass ; November 27 , 1969 ) is an American musician , singer , and songwriter , best known as the lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist of the rock band Alter Bridge , and as the lead vocalist in guitarist Slash 's backing band , known as Myles Kennedy and the Conspirators . A former guitar instructor from Spokane , Washington , he has worked as a session musician and songwriter , making both studio and live appearances with several artists , and has been involved with several projects throughout his career . Born in Boston , Massachusetts , and raised in Northern Idaho and Spokane , Kennedy attended Spokane Falls Community College to study music theory . He began his music career in 1990 as the lead guitarist of the instrumental jazz ensemble Cosmic Dust , with which he released one studio album . His second band , Citizen Swing , released two studio albums before disbanding in 1996 . With fellow Citizen Swing member Craig Johnson , Kennedy founded the rock band The Mayfield Four , for which he provided lead vocals and guitar . The band released two studio albums and broke up in 2002 . After declining an offer to audition as the lead vocalist of Velvet Revolver , he was asked to join Alter Bridge by Mark Tremonti in late 2003 , formally joining in 2004 , and he has been with the band ever since . He has released five studio albums with Alter Bridge . While Alter Bridge was on tour in 2008 , Kennedy collaborated with former members of Led Zeppelin on an undisclosed project , though the band never fully materialized and the songs he wrote with Jimmy Page , John Paul Jones , and Jason Bonham remain unreleased . He then started working with Slash , featuring on the guitarist 's 2010 eponymous solo album on two tracks and later serving as Slash 's vocalist on tour . With Slash , Myles Kennedy and the Conspirators have recorded two studio albums . He has also been at work on a solo project of his own off and on since 2009 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "93bbcebea71cc9e9f3ccc0446e8b5a67", "text": "The Kennedy Experience The Kennedy Experience is a music group and eponymous instrumental album conceived and produced in 1999 by violinist Nigel Kennedy . The album is largely derived from the music of rock guitarist Jimi Hendrix and the title references his group The Jimi Hendrix Experience . According to a BBC interview with Kennedy , the violinist stated that the recording is `` an album of music inspired by Jimi Hendrix . It is an extended instrumental work in six movements , each movement a classical interpretation of a Hendrix song '' . On the recording , Kennedy is accompanied by seven other musicians , and the lineup includes two cellos , an oboe , two guitars , a Dobro , flute , and double bass . With cellist Lynn Harrell , he has recorded an album of duets .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "860be874bc78939fe9feb2988fd53a45", "text": "Joseph Dillon Ford Joseph Dillon Ford ( born February 6 , 1952 in Americus , Georgia , US ) is an American composer and author . He holds undergraduate degrees in music and graduate degrees in both musicology and landscape architecture . Although he focussed on keyboard performance during his college years , Ford completed his training at Harvard as a Variell Scholar specializing in historical musicology . He studied twentieth-century composers and compositional techniques with Ivan Tcherepnin , the works of Bach and Handel with Christoph Wolff , Dowland and the English lutenists with John Ward , and the music of medieval Aquitaine with David Hughes . His major works include a symphony , a piano concerto , a harpsichord concerto , choral music , and a large quantity of chamber and solo works for the piano and other instruments . Although most of his oeuvre is tonal -- often very traditionally so , he has also produced non-tonal work using both acoustic and electronic media , and has developed synthetic chromatic dialects amenable to both idioms . In recent years he has published online Orpheus in the Twenty-first Century : Historicism and the Art-Music Renascence ( 2003 ) , a multimedia e-book on music aesthetics ; Chromatic One : A New Technique for Instrumental Speech ( 2003 ) , a monograph detailing an innovative art form fusing music and spoken language ; and numerous articles , poems , and short works of fiction . Keenly interested in emergent music and telecommunications technologies and the rich potential they offer for international creative collaborations , he also conceived and brought to fruition numerous large-scale projects in which his interdisciplinary artistic background has proven to be an especially useful asset . These include the world 's largest sound sculpture , an ongoing Web-based work that commemorates the monumental `` Standing Buddhas of Bamiyan '' demolished by the Taliban in 2001 ; the `` Westron Wynde '' Project ( begun in 2004 ) , for which composers in the US , Canada , and the UK each contributed music for James J. Pellerite ( former principal flutist of the Philadelphia Orchestra ) ; the Delian Suites Nos. 1 through 5 ( 2005 -- 09 ) , each exploring various tonal idioms ( No. 4 in cooperation with the Colloque Fou de Basson , Conservatoire Gabriel Fauré , Angoulême ) ; Nu Mu -LSB- sic ! -RSB- Unlimited ( 2006 -- 09 ) , the world 's first virtual new music festival ; and Ye New Music Fayre ( 2008 -- 09 ) , a seminal event featuring new music composed in traditional tonal and modal styles . Ford is the founder of the Delian Society , whose efforts to reinvigorate tonal music have attracted many composers and performers on six continents and have drawn attention to the accomplishments of other outstanding artists through an ongoing annual awards program . He presently resides in Gainesville , Florida , US .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab230d1b52cd6baf35b3757e76f69d65", "text": "Eruption (instrumental) `` Eruption '' is an instrumental rock guitar solo performed by Eddie Van Halen . It is widely considered one of the greatest guitar solos of all time . It segues into `` You Really Got Me '' on the album Van Halen , and the two songs are often played together by radio stations . The song was also released as the b-side to the `` Runnin ' with the Devil '' single . `` Eruption '' starts with a short accompanied intro with Alex Van Halen on drums and Michael Anthony on bass . The highlight of the solo is the use of two-handed tapping . `` Eruption '' was played on the Frankenstrat , with a MXR Phase 90 , an Echoplex , a Univox echo unit and a 1968 Marshall 1959 Super Lead tube amp . The Sunset Sound studio reverb room was also used to add reverb . The Frankenstrat was tuned down a half-step . `` Eruption '' begins in the key of A flat and ends on an E flat note that is a twelfth fret , 6th string harmonic processed through a Univox EC-80 echo unit . The `` Eruption '' introduction is based on the `` Let Me Swim '' introduction by Cactus . After the intro , an E-flat major quotation of the `` Etude No. 2 '' by Rodolphe Kreutzer is heard . The end section begins with a series of rapid two-handed tapping triads that have a classical like structure and eventually finishes with a repeated classical cadence followed by sound effects generated by a Univox EC-80 echo unit . The piece that would later be named `` Eruption '' had existed as part of Van Halen 's stage act at least as far back as 1976 , when it featured no tapping . `` Eruption '' popularized the tapping trend of the '80s . Although one-handed tapping ( hammer-ons and pull-offs ) had been previously done by many guitarists , `` Eruption '' introduced two-handed tapping to the mainstream popular rock audience . Previously , Baroque-like tapping had been recorded by Steve Hackett of Genesis in 1971/1972 . Initially , `` Eruption '' was not considered as a song for the Van Halen album as it was just a guitar solo Eddie performed live in the clubs but Ted Templeman overheard it in the studio as Eddie was rehearsing it for a club date at the Whisky a Go Go and decided to include it on the album . Eddie recalled `` I did n't even play it right . There 's a mistake at the top end of it . To this day , whenever I hear it , I always think , ` Man , I could 've played it better . ' '' `` Spanish Fly '' , an acoustic guitar solo on Van Halen II , can be viewed as a nylon-string version of `` Eruption '' , expanding on similar techniques . Similarly , it was suggested by Templeman for inclusion on the album after he heard Eddie Van Halen playing a classical guitar . In March 2005 , Q magazine placed `` Eruption '' at number 29 in its list of the 100 Greatest Guitar Tracks . `` Eruption '' has been named the 2nd greatest guitar solo by Guitar World magazine -LSB- citation needed -RSB- .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "99c02f1bccc02df2a61781d00dce4d0e", "text": "John McKay (musician) John McKay was the first studio guitarist of Siouxsie and the Banshees . He was a member of the band from July 1977 until September 1979 , playing on the albums The Scream and Join Hands . McKay composed the tune of their first hit single , `` Hong Kong Garden '' as well as much of the material found on the band 's first two albums . McKay left the band after the release of Join Hands . He later briefly led a trio named Zor Gabor , which released one three-song 12 '' EP , Tightrope , in 1987 on the In Tape label . It was awarded `` Record of the Week '' by NME .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "971e5f6797ce441932a881cbb185cf67", "text": "The Joshua Tree The Joshua Tree is the fifth studio album by Irish rock band U2 . It was produced by Daniel Lanois and Brian Eno , and was released on 9 March 1987 on Island Records . In contrast to the ambient experimentation of their 1984 release , The Unforgettable Fire , the band aimed for a harder-hitting sound within the limitation of conventional song structures on The Joshua Tree . The album is influenced by American and Irish roots music , and through sociopolitically conscious lyrics embellished with spiritual imagery , it contrasts the group 's antipathy for the `` real America '' with their fascination with the `` mythical America '' . Inspired by American tour experiences , literature , and politics , U2 chose America as a theme for the record . Recording began in January 1986 in Ireland , and to foster a relaxed , creative atmosphere , the group primarily recorded in two houses . Several events during the sessions helped shape the conscious tone of the album , including the band 's participation in the Conspiracy of Hope benefit concerts for Amnesty International , the death of roadie Greg Carroll , and lead vocalist Bono 's travels to Central America . Recording was completed in November 1986 ; additional production continued into January 1987 . Throughout the sessions , U2 sought a `` cinematic '' quality for the record , one that would evoke a sense of location , in particular , the open spaces of the United States . They represented this in the sleeve photography depicting them in American desert landscapes . The Joshua Tree received critical acclaim , topped the charts in over 20 countries , and became the fastest-selling album in British history . According to Rolling Stone , the album increased the band 's stature `` from heroes to superstars '' . It produced the hit singles `` With or Without You '' , `` I Still Have n't Found What I 'm Looking For '' , and `` Where the Streets Have No Name '' , the first two of which became the group 's only number-one singles in the US . The album won Grammy Awards for Album of the Year and Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal in 1988 . The group supported the record with the Joshua Tree Tour throughout 1987 . Frequently featured on critics ' lists of the greatest records , The Joshua Tree is one of the world 's best-selling albums , with over 25 million copies sold . U2 commemorated the record 's 20th anniversary with a remastered re-release , and its 30th anniversary with announcements of an anniversary concert tour and reissue . In 2014 , it was deemed `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' by the US Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the National Recording Registry .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "242c147c9b0d4a93a517f4f271bcc51c", "text": "Five Variants of Dives and Lazarus Five Variants of Dives and Lazarus is a work for harp and string orchestra by Ralph Vaughan Williams . The composition is based on the folk tune `` Dives and Lazarus '' , one of the folk songs quoted in Vaughan Williams ' English Folk Song Suite . Vaughan Williams composed the work on commission from the British Council to be played at the 1939 World 's Fair in New York City . The first performance was by the New York Philharmonic at Carnegie Hall on 10 June 1939 , conducted by Sir Adrian Boult . The other works premiered on that occasion were Arthur Bliss 's Piano Concerto in B-flat , and Arnold Bax 's Symphony No. 7 . Boult also directed the first UK performance in November 1939 in Bristol . The folk tune was also arranged by Vaughan Williams as a hymn tune `` Kingsfold , '' appearing as `` O Sing a Song of Bethlehem , '' in The English Hymnal as `` I Heard the Voice of Jesus say , '' ( no. 574 in the original 1906 edition ) . The village of Kingsfold is in West Sussex , a few miles south from Vaughan Williams ' home at Leith Hill .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "10442e3d4e2c6aadbc1a9e5578517438", "text": "MacBird! MacBird ! is a 1967 satire by Barbara Garson that superimposed the transferral of power following the Kennedy assassination onto the plot of Shakespeare 's Macbeth . Thus John F. Kennedy becomes `` John Ken O'Dunc '' , Lyndon Johnson becomes `` MacBird '' , Lady Bird Johnson becomes `` Lady MacBird '' , and so forth . As Macbeth assassinates Duncan , so MacBird is responsible for the assassination of Ken O'Dunc ; and as Macbeth is defeated by Macduff , so MacBird is defeated by Robert Ken O'Dunc ( i.e. Robert Kennedy ) . This action is significantly influenced by the Three Witches , representing Students , Blacks , and Leftists . In a 2006 Washington Post interview Garson said she was not seriously accusing Johnson of complicity in the Kennedy assassination : `` People used to ask me then , ` Do you really think Johnson killed Kennedy ? ' '' Garson , now 65 , recalls . `` I never took that seriously . I used to say to people , ` If he did , it 's the least of his crimes . ' It was not what the play was about . The plot was a given . '' The play parodies sequences from Shakespearean tragedies including Macbeth , Hamlet , and Richard III , albeit with Texas and Boston accents . The action follows MacBird from the 1960 Democratic National Convention , when he becomes John Ken O'Dunc 's Vice-President ( `` Hail , Vice-President thou art ! '' ) , to Ken O'Dunc 's assassination ( at the urging of Lady MacBird ) , to a future Robert Ken O'Dunc victory over MacBird at the 1968 convention . Macbird ! started out as a short satirical sketch by Garson , a recent graduate of the Berkeley anti-Vietnam war movement . It was developed into a full-length play with help from writer/director Roy Levine ( and Shakespeare ) . The production , which opened a mere three years after the Kennedy assassination , was quite controversial . It has been said that pressure from local authorities was applied to theaters in New York who were considering it . The Village Gate was the only theater willing to defy this pressure and mount the play . Macbird opened there on February 22 , 1967 , and closed on January 21 , 1968 , after 386 performances . Roy Levine , who worked with Garson to develop the work from what was essentially a sketch to a full-length play , was the original director of Macbird ! His bold and unique theatrical vision marked the production throughout the run , although , near the end of the almost-complete previews , he was suddenly replaced by Gerald Freedman . Set design was by Clarke Dunham , costumes by Jeanne Button , and lights by Robert Brand . The stage manager was Joel Zwick . The opening night cast included : Stacy Keach as MacBird Rue McClanahan as Lady MacBird , Paul Hecht as John Ken O'Dunc William Devane as Robert Ken O'Dunc John Pleshette as Ted Ken O'Dunc John Clark as Earl of Warren Cleavon Little as Witch 2 The original cast recorded a two-disc album of the text on February 6 , 1967 . It was released in a boxed set with a copy of the script on the Evergreen label as Evergreen - EVR 004 John Clark left the cast early to marry Lynn Redgrave . Cleavon Little made his professional acting debut in the play . It went on to a long engagement but with a different cast in Los Angeles where ironically the next Kennedy assassination would occur on June 5 , 1968 when Robert Kennedy would be shot to death while running for the Democratic presidential nomination . There was also a `` MacBird ! '' production by San Francisco 's Committee Theater circa 1968 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "586f4851a9a4e53ebfdd7743f78da027", "text": "Guitar technician A guitar technician ( or ` guitar tech ' ) is a member of a music ensemble 's road crew who maintains and sets up the musical equipment for one or more guitarists . Depending on the type and size of band , the guitar tech may be responsible for stringing , tuning , and adjusting electric guitars and acoustic guitars , and maintaining and setting up guitar amplifiers and other related electronic equipment such as effect pedals . Once the guitar equipment has been set up onstage , the guitar tech does a soundcheck to ensure that the equipment is working well . If there are any problems , the guitar tech replaces or repairs the faulty components or equipment . Since guitar techs need to soundcheck the instruments and amplifiers , they must have basic guitar-playing skills , a musical `` ear '' for tuning , and a familiarity with the way guitars , amplifiers , and effect pedals are supposed to sound in the style of music of their band . Guitar techs learn their craft either `` on the job '' , by working in a range of music , sound engineering , and instrument repair jobs ; by completing a guitar repair program at a college or lutherie school ; or from a combination of these two routes . The salaries and conditions of work for guitar techs vary widely , depending on whether a guitar tech is working for a minor or regional touring bar band or a major international touring act .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "00b2d2ed73c0c98251fb580fc8e5e60c", "text": "Buckethead Brian Patrick Carroll ( born May 13 , 1969 ) , known professionally as Buckethead , is an American guitarist and multi-instrumentalist who has worked within many genres of music . He has released 294 studio albums , four special releases and one EP . He has also performed on more than 50 other albums by other artists . His music spans many diverse areas such as progressive metal , funk , blues , Heavy Metal , bluegrass , ambient , and avant-garde music . Buckethead is famous for wearing a KFC bucket on his head , emblazoned with an orange bumper sticker reading FUNERAL in capital black block letters , and an expressionless plain white mask , which , according to Buckethead , was inspired by his seeing Halloween 4 : The Return of Michael Myers . At one point , he changed to a plain white bucket that no longer bore the KFC logo , but subsequently reverted to his trademark KFC bucket . He also incorporates nunchaku and robot dancing into his stage performances . As an instrumentalist , Buckethead has received critical acclaim for his electric guitar playing , and is considered one of today 's more innovative guitarists . He has been voted number 8 on a list in GuitarOne magazine of the `` Top 10 Fastest Guitar Shredders of All Time '' as well as being included in Guitar Worlds lists of the `` 25 all-time weirdest guitarists '' and the `` 50 fastest guitarists of all time '' . He performs primarily as a solo artist , though he has collaborated extensively with a wide variety of high-profile artists such as Bill Laswell , Bootsy Collins , Bernie Worrell , Iggy Pop , Les Claypool , Serj Tankian , Bill Moseley , Mike Patton , Viggo Mortensen , That 1 Guy , Bassnectar , and was a member of Guns N ' Roses from 2000 to 2004 . Buckethead has also written and performed music for major motion pictures , including : Saw II , Ghosts of Mars , Beverly Hills Ninja , Mortal Kombat , Mortal Kombat : Annihilation , Last Action Hero , and contributed lead guitar to the track `` Firebird '' featured on the Mighty Morphin Power Rangers : The Movie soundtrack .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae0c30f1d34b779e039d9274e1341353", "text": "Simon Myles Simon David Myles ( born 2 June 1966 ) is a former English cricketer who played for Hong Kong . Myles was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace . He was born in Mansfield , Nottinghamshire .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42f90f79a9a6fa0a3d4ae31de3aed895", "text": "Zimbabwean jazz Zimbabwean Jazz , also known as Afro Jazz was developed in the 20th century . Its history can be traced from its early colonial era . It was influenced by a style of township rhythm that evolved in a southern part of Africa over the last century . One can also trace similarities from Kwela , a pennywhistle-based , street music from the southern part of Africa with jazzy underpinnings and a distinctive , skiffle-like beat . Kwela music was influenced by blending the music of Malawian immigrants to South Africa , together with the local South African sounds . In Chichewa , the word Kwela has a very similar meaning to the South African meaning : `` to climb '' . The music was popularised in South Africa and then brought to Malawi , where contemporary Malawian artists have also begun producing Kwela music . It is also closely related to Marabi which was the name given to a keyboard style ( often using cheap pedal organs ) that had a musical link to American jazz , ragtime and blues , with roots deep in the African tradition . Early Marabi musicians were part of an underground musical culture and were typically not recorded . An example of such an artist in the early 1940s is August Musarurwa of the Skokiaan fame . It has continued to develop and you can even see traits of this music in his grandson Prince Kudakwashe Musarurwa . This music was often played in townships ( segregated parts of suburban areas ) . During colonial years of Rhodesia , the term township referred to a residential area reserved for black citizens within the boundaries of a city or town , and is still commonly used colloquially . But In modern Zimbabwe it is also used to refer to a residential area within close proximity of a rural growth point . These townships you would find `` Shebeens '' . Shebeens are most often located in townships as an alternative to pubs and bars . In the colonial error indigenous Africans were barred from entering pubs or bars reserved for those of European descent . Originally shebeens were operated illegally by women who were called Shebeen Queens and was itself a revival of the African tradition that assigned the role of alcohol brewing to women . The Shebeen Queens would sell home brewed and home-distilled alcohol and provided patrons with a place to meet and discuss political and social issues . Often , patrons and owners were arrested by the police , though the shebeens were frequently reopened because of their importance in unifying the community and providing a safe place for discussion . During the colonial error era shebeens became a crucial meeting place for activists , some attracting working class activists and community members , while others attracted lawyers , doctors and musicians . Shebeens also provided music and dancing , allowing patrons to express themselves culturally , which helped give rise to and support for the musical genre called Township Jazz which we now call Afro Jazz or Zimbabwean Jazz .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56f43e9557b3a0a9588e671d42adca61", "text": "David Myles David Myles may refer to : David Myles ( politician ) ( born 1925 ) , former Scottish Conservative Party politician , MP 1979 -- 1983 David Myles ( rugby league ) ( born 1978 ) , Australian rugby league player David Myles ( singer-songwriter ) ( born 1981 ) , musician from Fredericton , New Brunswick , Canada", "title": "" }, { "docid": "76b2777ac16251966dfbd125cb689cd7", "text": "Joan Kennedy (musician) Joan Kennedy ( born in Douglas Harbour , New Brunswick , Canada ) is a female country music singer . She came to fame after winning the Canadian National Talent Contest in 1983 and issued her first album , I 'm a Big Girl Now , the following year in 1984 . After two more albums in 1985 and 1987 , she signed with MCA Records and issued two albums , 1990 's Candle in the Window and 1992 's Higher Ground . In 2000 , Kennedy released A Dozen Red Roses , a greatest hits album . During the early 90 's , she had her own syndicated weekly television show in Canada . She now resides in Portland , Maine .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ddf1fb9a99f70d3371c160416c327ce", "text": "Mai-Dun Mai-Dun is an orchestral work composed in 1921 by John Ireland ( 18791962 ) . He called it a symphonic rhapsody ; another description might be tone poem . In 1931 , he arranged it for piano four hands . In British Celtic , `` Mai-dun '' means `` great hill '' . Ireland 's piece is a musical evocation of a notable iron age fort : Maiden Castle , Dorset , nearby the house of the English novelist and poet Thomas Hardy ( 18401928 ) whose name for the place Ireland adopted . It has been said that , `` ancient sites with echoes of the supernatural , including the Channel Islands , inform some of Ireland 's few orchestral pieces '' ; and of Mai-Dun itself that , `` it is a strong piece , aggressive at times , resourcefully scored , and Ireland 's imagination was ignited by the largest hill-fort in England , dating from 3000BC , and its violent history . '' A typical performance takes about 12 1/2 minutes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "79800d869601feba1ae780ca66ec0c5d", "text": "Hammer-on A hammer-on is a playing technique performed on a stringed instrument ( especially on a fretted string instrument , such as a guitar ) by sharply bringing a fretting-hand finger down on the fingerboard behind a fret , causing a note to sound . This technique is the opposite of the pull-off . Passages in which a large proportion of the notes are performed as hammer-ons and pull-offs instead of being plucked or picked in the usual fashion are known in classical guitar terminology as legato phrases . The sound is smoother and more connected than in a normally picked phrase , due to the absence of the necessity to synchronize the plucking of one hand with the fingering on the fingerboard with the other hand ; however , the resulting sounds are not as brightly audible , precisely due to the absence of the plucking of the string , the vibration of the string from an earlier plucking dying off . The technique also facilitates very fast playing because the picking hand does not have to move at such a high rate , and coordination between the hands only has to be achieved at certain points . Multiple hammer-ons and pull-offs together are sometimes also referred to colloquially as `` rolls '' , a reference to the fluid sound of the technique . A hammer-on is usually represented in guitar tablature ( especially that created by computer ) by a letter h. A rapid series of alternating hammer-ons and pull-offs between a single pair of notes is called a trill . The term hammer-on was first invented and popularized by Pete Seeger in his book How to Play the 5-String Banjo . Seeger also invented the term pull-off . In the Banjo tutor book `` Ellis 's Thorough Course For 5 String Banjo '' published prior to 1900 , the term ` Hammer on ' is used to describe the action of performing an embellishment called ` the Shake ' . The description is : - '' The Shake , which is marked ` tr ' , is played in the following manner . Strike ( pick ) the first note only with the right hand & the remainder of the passage with the 2nd finger of the left hand , by ` hammering on ' the string while it is vibrating '' . In the same tutor book , the action ` pull off ' is termed the ` snap ' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5edaef1c6ec8e0c6aa8b0f47951b13be", "text": "Jazz chord Jazz chords refer to chords , chord voicings and chord symbols that jazz musicians commonly use in composition , improvisation , and harmony . In jazz chords and theory , most triads that appear in lead sheets or fake books can have sevenths added to them , using the performer 's discretion and ear . For example , if a tune is in the key of C , if there is a G chord , the chord-playing performer usually `` voices '' this chord as G7 . While in a strict classical music context , the notes of a G7 chord would be G -- B -- D -- F , jazz often omits the fifth of the chord -- and even the root if playing in a group , since the bassist will play it . Omitting the root and fifth gives the improvising chord-playing musician the option to play other notes . Also , if a seventh chord , such as G7 , appears in a lead sheet or fake book , many chord-playing performers add the ninth or thirteenth to the chord , even though the lead sheet does not specify these additional notes . Jazz players can add these additional , upper notes -- seventh , ninth , eleventh , and thirteenth -- because they are an important part of the jazz sound . Lead sheets and fake books often do not detail how to voice the chord because a lead sheet or fake book is only intended to provide basic guide to the harmony . An experienced `` comping '' performer playing electric guitar or piano adds the extra notes using their ear and taste . In voicing jazz chords , performers focus first on the seventh and the major or minor third of the chord , with the latter indicating the chord quality , along with added chord extensions ( e.g. , ninths , elevenths , or thirteenths , even if not indicated in the lead sheet or fake book ) to add tone `` colour '' to the chord . As such , a jazz guitarist or jazz piano player might `` voice '' a printed G chord with the notes B -- E -- F -- A , which would be the third , sixth ( thirteenth ) , seventh , and ninth of the chord . Jazz chord-playing musicians may also add altered chord tones ( e.g. , 9 , 9 , 11 , 13 ) and added tones . An example of an altered dominant chord in the key of C , built on a G would be to voice the chord as `` B -- C -- E -- F -- A '' ; this would be G7 ( 911 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b9d5068e873c58bd1a0f023e7da823b", "text": "Andy Irvine (musician) Andrew Kennedy Irvine ( born 14 June 1942 ) , known as Andy Irvine , is an Irish folk musician , singer-songwriter , and a founding member of popular bands Sweeney 's Men , Planxty , Patrick Street , Mozaik , LAPD and Usher 's Island . He plays the mandolin , mandola , bouzouki , harmonica and hurdy-gurdy . Irvine has been influential in folk music for over five decades , during which he recorded a large repertoire of songs and tunes he assembled from books , old recordings and rooted in the Irish , English , Scottish , Eastern European , Australian and American old-time and folk traditions . He sets these songs to new music and also writes songs about his personal experiences or the lives and struggles of his heroes : Tom Barker , Michael Davitt , Mother Jones , Douglas Mawson , Raoul Wallenberg , and Emiliano Zapata , among others . Imbued with a sense of social justice , Irvine often selects or writes songs that are based on historical events and presented from the victim 's perspective . Some of these songs chronicle the abject living and working conditions imposed on groups of people : the emigrants ; the brutalized migrant workers ; the exploited textile strikers or coalminers . Other songs recall the archetypal experiences of single individuals : the woman seduced by an unfaithful man or disowned by her father ; the destitute young man ostracized or murdered on the order of his sweetheart 's rich father ; the down-on-his-luck farmer or the unemployed worker ; the young man inveigled by the army 's recruiting sergeant ; the scapegoats . Irvine 's songs also denounce worker deaths and industrial diseases , and lament the plight of hunted animals . His repertoire includes humorous songs , but also bittersweet ones of unrequited love , or of lovers cruelly separated or dramatically reunited . He also sings about famous racehorses , men or women masquerading in various disguises , a fantastical fox preying on young maidens , and the violent lives of outlaws . As a child actor , Irvine honed his performing talent from an early age and learned the classical guitar . He switched to folk music after discovering Woody Guthrie , also adopting the latter 's other instruments : harmonica and mandolin . While extending Guthrie 's guitar picking technique to the mandolin , he further developed his playing of this instrument -- and , later , of the mandola and the bouzouki -- into a decorative , harmonic style and embraced the modes and rhythms of Bulgarian folk music . Along with Johnny Moynihan and Dónal Lunny , Irvine is one of the pioneers who adapted the Greek bouzouki -- with a new tuning -- into an Irish instrument . He contributed to advancing the design of his instruments in cooperation with English luthier Stefan Sobell , and he occasionally plays a hurdy-gurdy made for him in 1972 by Peter Abnett , another English luthier . Although touring mainly as a soloist , Irvine has also enjoyed great success in pursuing collaborations through many projects that have influenced contemporary folk music . He continues to tour and perform extensively in Ireland , Great Britain , Europe , North and South America , Japan , Australia and New Zealand .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ca4bc54e3d6e8a0b8c7e171709a40b6", "text": "Jimmy Cooper (musician) Jimmy Cooper ( 1907 -- 1977 ) was a hammered dulcimer player from Scotland . Cooper was born in Coatbridge , Scotland , near Glasgow . He started to play the dulcimer around age twelve , and gained a lot of experience by playing in dance halls and busking in the early 1920s . Over the course of his life he worked at various jobs , including driving buses , driving an ambulance for a children 's home , and running a dance band . His repertoire included traditional Irish and Scottish tunes , pop tunes , show tunes , and more . He was `` discovered '' as part of the folk revival in the early 1970s , and helped inspire players of the younger generation such as John McCutcheon and Malcolm Dalglish . McCutcheon described Cooper as `` the most complete dulcimer player '' he had met .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ac87d042653a563032d9bc554182f7f", "text": "Tapping Tapping is a guitar playing technique where a string is fretted and set into vibration as part of a single motion of being pushed onto the fretboard , as opposed to the standard technique being fretted with one hand and picked with the other . It incorporates the techniques of hammer-on and pull-off , but these are usually only performed by the fretting hand , and in conjunction with conventionally picked notes , whereas tap passages involve both hands and consist of only tapped , hammered and pulled notes . Some players ( such as Stanley Jordan ) rely extensively or exclusively on tapping . Tapping is also called tap style ( tapstyle ) , touch-style , and two-handed tapping , though the latter is somewhat of a misnomer as `` one-handed tapping '' is equivalent to the common hammer-on . Tapping is the primary methodology intended for some instruments such as the Chapman Stick and is the alternative method for the Warr Guitar and others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3aa3bed1b42f894f9e45759a07db399a", "text": "Philip Jameson Dr. Philip Jameson ( born December 7 , 1941 in Wooster , Ohio ) graduated from Wooster High School in 1959 and attended Baldwin Wallace College for one year . In the Fall of 1960 he was accepted by audition to The Juilliard School of Music on a full scholarship . He was subsequently appointed principal trombone with the Juilliard Orchestra , a position he held for the next five years . He graduated from Juilliard with a Bachelor of Music Degree in 1964 and a Master of Science degree in 1965 . He then enrolled in Columbia University ( NYC ) and received a Master of Music Education Degree in 1967 and completed his Doctorate of Music in 1980 . His PhD dissertation was entitled `` The effect of timbre conditions on the prompted and simultaneous pitch matching of three ability groups of trombone performers '' . It is available from Dissertation Abstracts . Dr. Jameson was the professor of trombone and music at the University of Georgia , where he founded the UGA Brass Quintet and the UGA Trombone Choir in the fall of 1967 to the spring of 2009 , retiring as Distinguished Professor Emeritus . He is a lifetime member of the International Trombone Association and has had numerous articles published in the ITA Journal . Dr. Jameson is listed in The International Who 's Who in Music , Fifteenth Edition , International Biographical Center , Cambridge , England , and Who 's Who in American Music . Former students have earned places in major performing organizations across the world . During his tenure at the University of Georgia , former students substituted in orchestras ranging from the New York Philharmonic to the San Francisco Symphony . Dr. Jameson has been a significant teacher in the world of trombone . He was a charter member of Leopold Stokowski 's American Symphony Orchestra at Carnegie Hall and the Mostly Mozart Orchestra at New York 's Lincoln Center . He has also performed with the New York City Ballet , the Band of America , the Musica Aeterna Orchestra at the Metropolitan Museum of Art , the Radio City Music Hall Orchestra , and the American Wind Symphony Orchestra . He was a Fromm Foundation Fellow with the Boston Symphony Orchestra at Tanglewood , the recipient of the Juilliard School Naumburg Prize , the Sarah Moss Fellowship for doctoral study at Columbia University , and a Senior Fulbright Professorship with the National Symphony Orchestra of Korea . While on sabbaticals , he held teaching appointments at the Juilliard School , the Horace Mann School , the Queensland Conservatorium of Music ( Australia ) , and Seoul National University . He was actively engaged in acoustical research , and presented many papers in this area at national symposiums . In 2005 trombone students of Dr. Jameson at the University of Georgia won three major trombone solo competitions in the USA . David Nelson won first place in the US Army / Eastern Trombone Workshop National Solo Competition in Washington D.C. Charles Reneau won first place at the International Trombone Association Solo Competition in New Orleans and the Zellmer International Trombone Competition Sponsored by the Minnesota Symphony Orchestra . Two of the four current trombonists with the New York Philharmonic , James Markey and Amanda Stewart Davidson , were students of his at the Interlochen Arts Camp , where he taught from 1984 to 2004 . Other students who have studied with Dr. Jameson at the University of Georgia have attained professional positions with the major orchestras including : the St. Louis Symphony , Gerry Pagano ; the Oregon Symphony Orchestra , Charles Reneau ; and Steve Norrell of the Metropolitan Opera Orchestra .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "523265a588e8f3f8e199331a007d4834", "text": "Eddie Vedder Eddie Vedder ( born Edward Louis Severson ; December 23 , 1964 ) is an American musician , singer and songwriter best known as a member of the rock band Pearl Jam , with whom he performs lead vocals and is one of three guitarists . He is known for his powerful baritone vocals . He is also involved in making music and contributes to albums by other artists . In 2007 , Vedder released his first solo album as a soundtrack for the film Into the Wild ( 2007 ) . His second album Ukulele Songs and a live DVD titled Water on the Road were released in 2011 . Vedder was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Pearl Jam on April 7 , 2017 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "1e33b6ac4eebbb17a94b3768881821d0", "text": "Pearl Jam Twenty Pearl Jam Twenty ( also known as PJ20 ) is a 2011 American rockumentary directed by Cameron Crowe about the band Pearl Jam . Preliminary footage was being shot as of June 2010 . Crowe completed filming in April 2011 , after using 12,000 hours of footage of the band for the documentary . The film premiered at the 2011 Toronto International Film Festival and also had an accompanying book and soundtrack . The documentary charts the history of the band , from the demise of Mother Love Bone , their battle against Ticketmaster and the tragedy of the Roskilde Festival in 2000 . The film was presented theatrically at select cinemas in the US during the month of September 2011 , and premiered on October 21 , 2011 on PBS ' American Masters . It was released on DVD and Blu-ray on October 24 , 2011 . A book , written by Jonathan Cohen , was published concurrent to the film 's release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9f9dbe5664536bf5c3cfbb7640c99bc", "text": "Herbie Hancock Herbert Jeffrey Hancock ( born April 12 , 1940 ) is an American pianist , keyboardist , bandleader , composer and actor . Starting his career with Donald Byrd , he shortly thereafter joined the Miles Davis Quintet where Hancock helped to redefine the role of a jazz rhythm section and was one of the primary architects of the post-bop sound . He was one of the first jazz musicians to embrace synthesizers and funk music . Hancock 's music is often melodic and accessible ; he has had many songs `` cross over '' and achieved success among pop audiences . Hancock 's best-known compositions include `` Cantaloupe Island '' , `` Watermelon Man '' ( later performed by dozens of musicians , including bandleader Mongo Santamaría ) , `` Maiden Voyage '' , `` Chameleon '' , and the singles `` I Thought It Was You '' and `` Rockit '' . His 2007 tribute album River : The Joni Letters won the 2008 Grammy Award for Album of the Year , only the second jazz album ever to win the award , after Getz/Gilberto in 1965 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5edaef1c6ec8e0c6aa8b0f47951b13be", "text": "Jazz chord Jazz chords refer to chords , chord voicings and chord symbols that jazz musicians commonly use in composition , improvisation , and harmony . In jazz chords and theory , most triads that appear in lead sheets or fake books can have sevenths added to them , using the performer 's discretion and ear . For example , if a tune is in the key of C , if there is a G chord , the chord-playing performer usually `` voices '' this chord as G7 . While in a strict classical music context , the notes of a G7 chord would be G -- B -- D -- F , jazz often omits the fifth of the chord -- and even the root if playing in a group , since the bassist will play it . Omitting the root and fifth gives the improvising chord-playing musician the option to play other notes . Also , if a seventh chord , such as G7 , appears in a lead sheet or fake book , many chord-playing performers add the ninth or thirteenth to the chord , even though the lead sheet does not specify these additional notes . Jazz players can add these additional , upper notes -- seventh , ninth , eleventh , and thirteenth -- because they are an important part of the jazz sound . Lead sheets and fake books often do not detail how to voice the chord because a lead sheet or fake book is only intended to provide basic guide to the harmony . An experienced `` comping '' performer playing electric guitar or piano adds the extra notes using their ear and taste . In voicing jazz chords , performers focus first on the seventh and the major or minor third of the chord , with the latter indicating the chord quality , along with added chord extensions ( e.g. , ninths , elevenths , or thirteenths , even if not indicated in the lead sheet or fake book ) to add tone `` colour '' to the chord . As such , a jazz guitarist or jazz piano player might `` voice '' a printed G chord with the notes B -- E -- F -- A , which would be the third , sixth ( thirteenth ) , seventh , and ninth of the chord . Jazz chord-playing musicians may also add altered chord tones ( e.g. , 9 , 9 , 11 , 13 ) and added tones . An example of an altered dominant chord in the key of C , built on a G would be to voice the chord as `` B -- C -- E -- F -- A '' ; this would be G7 ( 911 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bdd46b945ff0223eae0ed8c391c1f6dd", "text": "Clef Club of Jazz and Performing Arts The Philadelphia Clef Club of Jazz and Performing Arts , INC. ( PCC ) is an American trade union . It was founded in 1966 by members of Musicians ' Protective Union Local # 274 , American Federation of Musicians ( A F of M ) . Local # 274 was chartered in 1935 as a separate Black local because Black musicians were denied membership in the racially segregated Local # 77 . Local # 274 enjoyed its autonomy for more than 36 years . It was the longest surviving independent Black Musicians ' Union in the United States , of the more than fifty chartered in major cities . Local # 274 and PCC 's social unit are integral parts of the history of JAZZ in Philadelphia . They evolved out of the struggle of Black musicians for political , economic , and cultural recognition during Philadelphia 's overt segregation period . Local # 274 's membership rolls included JAZZ greats like John Coltrane , Dizzy Gillespie , Shirley Scott , Lee Morgan , `` Philly '' Joe Jones , Grover Washington Jr. , the Heath Brothers , and Nina Simone to name a few .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5155b63c254792fcd21017e30c6c51aa", "text": "Rearviewmirror (Greatest Hits 1991–2003) Rearviewmirror ( Greatest Hits 1991 -- 2003 ) is a two-disc compilation album by the American rock band Pearl Jam , released on November 16 , 2004 through Epic Records . The album has been certified platinum by the RIAA in the United States . It was reissued in 2013 as The Essential Pearl Jam .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2ed78ebea9aab43094ffbeb02a3bc59", "text": "Eddie the Head Eddie , also known as Eddie the Head , is the mascot for the British heavy metal band Iron Maiden . He is a perennial fixture of the group 's artwork , appearing in all of their album covers ( as well as most of their singles ) and in their merchandise , which includes T-shirts , posters and action figures . On top of this , Eddie features in all of the band 's concerts , as well as in the first-person shooter video game , Ed Hunter , and the role-playing game , Iron Maiden : Legacy of the Beast . Originally a papier-mâché mask used in Iron Maiden 's stage backdrop , the band transferred the name `` Eddie '' from the mask to an illustration by Derek Riggs , which was used as the band 's debut album cover . Although he is occasionally described as `` zombie-like '' in the press , Eddie assumes a different guise relating to the themes of individual albums and their corresponding world tours , and has appeared as a cyborg , an Egyptian mummy and a lobotomised mental patient amongst others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d05ce5a9be29373d34896ac9bdd1da04", "text": "Twin Cities Hot Summer Jazz Festival The Twin Cities Jazz Festival is one of the largest free civic events in the upper Midwest , attracting upwards of 30,000 people . Founded in 1999 by festival promoter Steve Heckler , The main events of the festival are held at Mears Park in St. Paul in the Lowertown neighborhood . The festival closes several blocks and has utilized clubs such as the Bulldog , Hat Trick , Black Dog , Station 4 , Artists ' Quarter , Union Depot , Amsterdam , Heartland , Bedlam , SW Craft Bar , and more . For the first time in 2015 , the festival will present music at the newly opened CHS Field with Jack Brass Band opening for headliner Dr. John . In addition , Media partners have included Jazz 88 radio ( broadcasting live locally and streaming live on the internet internationally ) , WCCO-TV , The Rake , City Pages , Jazz Police , La Prenza and MPLS-St . Paul Magazine . The festival has also received extensive coverage in the Star Tribune , St. Paul Pioneer Press , The Minnesota Spokesman-Recorder and Skyway News . Festival performers have included : Joe Lovano , Chick Corea , Esperanza Spalding , Return to Forever , Dave Brubeck , Clark Terry , Monty Alexander , Gary Burton , Deodato , The Bad Plus with Joshua Redman , Danilo Pérez , Branford Marsalis , David `` Fathead '' Newman , Eric Alexander , Jimmy McGriff , Red Holloway , Jack McDuff , Joey DeFrancesco , Benny Golson , Dr. Lonnie Smith , Dewey Redman , Lew Tabackin , Bettye LaVette , Ira Sullivan , Spyro Gyra , Bernard Purdie , Melvin Rhyne , Ben Sidran , Von Freeman , Frank Morgan , Mose Allison , Butch Thompson , Bill Evans , Chris Michalek , Alicia Renee , Heatin ' System , Howard Levy , Debbie Duncan , Big Walter Smith , Percy Strother , Tiger Okoshi , Peter Schimke , Yellowjackets , Kristin Korb , Hiromi , Phil Hey Quartet , Duke Ellington Orchestra , Henry Johnson 's Organ Express , Nachito Herrera , Salsa del Soul , Bobby Sanabria , George Avaloz , Barbara Morrison , US Air Force Falconaires , Norman Simmons , David Young , Jon Weber , Jerry Weldon , Tony Monaco , Atlantis Quartet , and MN Big Band .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54ffa521157b9f09fb535980aadde4c5", "text": "A Study in Jazz A Study in Jazz is the fourth album by American jazz saxophonist Eddie Harris , and the first to feature his compositions predominantly , recorded in 1962 and released on the Vee-Jay label .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54c8a76880e814fd6940eb79cde55bfe", "text": "1950s in jazz By the end of the 1940s , the nervous energy and tension of bebop was replaced with a tendency towards calm and smoothness , with the sounds of cool jazz , which favoured long , linear melodic lines . It emerged in New York City , as a result of the mixture of the styles of predominantly white swing jazz musicians and predominantly black bebop musicians , and it dominated jazz in the first half of the 1950s . The starting point were a series of singles on Capitol Records in 1949 and 1950 of a nonet led by trumpeter Miles Davis , collected and released first on a ten-inch and later a twelve-inch as the Birth of the Cool . Cool jazz recordings by Chet Baker , Dave Brubeck , Bill Evans , Gil Evans , Stan Getz and the Modern Jazz Quartet usually have a `` lighter '' sound which avoided the aggressive tempos and harmonic abstraction of bebop . Cool jazz later became strongly identified with the West Coast jazz scene , but also had a particular resonance in Europe , especially Scandinavia , with emergence of such major figures as baritone saxophonist Lars Gullin and pianist Bengt Hallberg . The theoretical underpinnings of cool jazz were set out by the blind Chicago pianist Lennie Tristano , and its influence stretches into such later developments as Bossa nova , modal jazz , and even free jazz . See also the list of cool jazz and West Coast musicians for further detail . Hard bop , an extension of bebop ( or `` bop '' ) music that incorporates influences from rhythm and blues , gospel music , and blues , especially in the saxophone and piano playing , developed in the mid-1950s , partly in response to the vogue for cool jazz in the early 1950s . The hard bop style coalesced in 1953 and 1954 , paralleling the rise of rhythm and blues . Miles Davis ' performance of `` Walkin ' '' the title track of his album of the same year , at the very first Newport Jazz Festival in 1954 , announced the style to the jazz world . The quintet Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers , fronted by Blakey and featuring pianist Horace Silver and trumpeter Clifford Brown , were leaders in the hard bop movement along with Davis . ( See also List of Hard bop musicians ) Modal jazz recordings , such as Miles Davis 's Kind of Blue , became popular in the late 1950s . Popular modal standards include Davis 's `` All Blues '' and `` So What '' ( both 1959 ) , John Coltrane 's `` Impressions '' ( 1963 ) and Herbie Hancock 's `` Maiden Voyage '' ( 1965 ) . Later , Davis 's `` second great quintet '' , which included saxophonist Wayne Shorter and pianist Herbie Hancock , recorded a series of highly acclaimed albums in the mid-to-late 1960s . Standards from these sessions include Shorter 's `` Footprints '' ( 1966 ) and Eddie Harris 's `` Freedom Jazz Dance '' ( 1966 ) . In Brazil , a new style of music called bossa nova evolved in the late 1950s . The free jazz movement , coming to prominence in the late 1950s , spawned very few standards . Free jazz 's unorthodox structures and performance techniques are not as amenable to transcription as other jazz styles . However , `` Lonely Woman '' ( 1959 ) a blues by saxophonist Ornette Coleman , is perhaps the closest thing to a standard in free jazz , having been recorded by dozens of notable performers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e2b173419cb4d05f2ee303f7211d7eff", "text": "Eddie Beal Eddie Beal ( June 13 , 1910 , Redlands , California - December 15 , 1984 , Los Angeles ) was an American jazz pianist . He was the brother of Charlie Beal . Beal started on drums but switched to piano in his teens . Early in the 1930s he worked in the orchestras of Earl Dancer and Charlie Echols . From 1933 to 1936 he toured China with Buck Clayton , then freelanced in California ( with Maxine Sullivan , among others ) until 1941 . After military service from 1941 -- 43 , he accompanied Ivie Anderson , and led his own trio which accompanied Billie Holiday at one point . He also worked in the Spirits of Rhythm . As a composer , he penned the tunes `` Softly '' ( covered by Holliday ) and `` Bye and Bye '' , a hit for The Turbans . He plays on the soundtrack to the 1951 film The Strip ; he also makes an appearance in the film . Later recording credits include work with Jimmy Mundy , Herb Jeffries , Helen Humes , Red Callender , and others . He led his own group in Las Vegas , Nevada in 1973-74 , and in 1974-75 he played with Tommy Dorsey .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "07244b02882f835a65a99b7215455c6e", "text": "Jah Paul Jo Joseph Jack `` Severs '' Ramsey , better known by his stage name Jah Paul Jo ( November 1 , 1956 -- December 29 , 2014 ) was an American musician , singer and producer best known for creating the novelty band Dread Zeppelin . From 1983 to 1988 , Ramsey was the singer/bass player in The Prime Movers . Ramsey was also the owner of independent record label Birdcage Records , which has released albums by Dread Zeppelin , The Prime Movers , Stan Ridgway , Ron Asheton , In Vivo , The Mystery Band and others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "38d1afc5005117eb99a13f60dfd59b12", "text": "Pearl Jam 2008 United States Tour The Pearl Jam 2008 United States Tour was a concert tour by the American rock band Pearl Jam .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6815d4ee4d7cc20affb55728771f74c", "text": "Sirens (Pearl Jam song) `` Sirens '' is a song by the American alternative rock band Pearl Jam . It was released on September 18 , 2013 as a digital download as the second single from their tenth studio album Lightning Bolt . In its first week of release , the single sold 13,000 downloads in the US . Guitarist Mike McCready said the song was inspired by Roger Waters 's The Wall Live Tour , as after attending a concert in 2011 he `` wanted to write something that would have a Pink Floyd type feel '' . The lyrics by singer Eddie Vedder concern his worries on mortality , and what the future reserves for the next generations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "02196be0909569a8944ed5d6059d872a", "text": "Live under the sky Live under the sky was an annual jazz festival held in summer , July and August , at the Denen Coliseum and Yomiuriland in Tokyo and other areas in Japan . The multiple day festival featured musicians from Japan and other countries performing on different stages . It was held from 1977 -- 1992 . Notable artists at Live under the sky were Buzz Feiten , Kimiko Kasai , `` V.S.O.P. '' quintet , Pedro Aznar , Masahiko Togashi , Terumasa Hino , Sadao Watanabe , McCoy Tyner , Ron Carter , Elis Regina , Chick Corea , John McLaughlin , Stanley Clarke , Toshiyuki Honda , Sonny Rollins , Paco de Lucía , Carlos Santana , Weather Report , The Crusaders , Gil Evans , Black Uhuru , Sly and Robbie , Miles Davis , John Scofield , Roberta Flack , Al Di Meola , Branford Marsalis , Ornette Coleman , Miles Davis , Ryuichi Sakamoto , Samul nori , Wayne Shorter , Jack DeJohnette , Kazumi Watanabe , Eugene Pao , Eddie Gómez , Marlon Jordan , Pat Metheny , David Sanborn , Don Alias , Sun Ra , Marshall Allen , Danny Thompson , Billy Bang , Marilyn Mazur , Michael Brecker , Mike Stern , Leon `` Ndugu '' Chancler , Don Grolnick , Yoshio Suzuki , Gunther Schuller , Roberta Flack , Masahiko Satoh , Alex Acuna , Nana Vasconcelos , Kazutoki Umezu , Al Jarreau , Philippe Saisse , Steve Gadd , Michel Godard , Milton Nascimento , Omar Hakim , Marcus Miller , Lalah Hathaway , Dean Brown , Everette Harp , Larry Coryell , Billy Cobham , Paul Wertico , Harold Smiley Davis土肥晃 . Live under the sky ( established in 1977 ) , Newport Jazz Festival in Madarao ( established in 1982 ) and Mount Fuji Jazz Festival ( established in 1986 ) are the big 3 jazz festivals in the history of jazz in Japan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "054551c552da44881507e266a9be297f", "text": "Rocky Mountain Jam Rocky Mountain Jam is the ninth live album by the American rock band Little Feat , released in 2007 . ( see 2007 in music ) . It is currently the band 's most recent live release and features long improvisational jams on most of the songs including a nod to both Miles Davis ' `` So What '' and the Grateful Dead 's `` Dark Star '' at the beginning of `` Dixie Chicken . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ec801dcd944a9562deccf92e334b9ae", "text": "Jazz (Tenacious D album) Jazz is the second extended play by American comedy rock band Tenacious D. Released in 2012 , the EP consists of a single , 11 minute jazz composition with vocals . The EP was released as a digital download and a limited edition vinyl record .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab230d1b52cd6baf35b3757e76f69d65", "text": "Eruption (instrumental) `` Eruption '' is an instrumental rock guitar solo performed by Eddie Van Halen . It is widely considered one of the greatest guitar solos of all time . It segues into `` You Really Got Me '' on the album Van Halen , and the two songs are often played together by radio stations . The song was also released as the b-side to the `` Runnin ' with the Devil '' single . `` Eruption '' starts with a short accompanied intro with Alex Van Halen on drums and Michael Anthony on bass . The highlight of the solo is the use of two-handed tapping . `` Eruption '' was played on the Frankenstrat , with a MXR Phase 90 , an Echoplex , a Univox echo unit and a 1968 Marshall 1959 Super Lead tube amp . The Sunset Sound studio reverb room was also used to add reverb . The Frankenstrat was tuned down a half-step . `` Eruption '' begins in the key of A flat and ends on an E flat note that is a twelfth fret , 6th string harmonic processed through a Univox EC-80 echo unit . The `` Eruption '' introduction is based on the `` Let Me Swim '' introduction by Cactus . After the intro , an E-flat major quotation of the `` Etude No. 2 '' by Rodolphe Kreutzer is heard . The end section begins with a series of rapid two-handed tapping triads that have a classical like structure and eventually finishes with a repeated classical cadence followed by sound effects generated by a Univox EC-80 echo unit . The piece that would later be named `` Eruption '' had existed as part of Van Halen 's stage act at least as far back as 1976 , when it featured no tapping . `` Eruption '' popularized the tapping trend of the '80s . Although one-handed tapping ( hammer-ons and pull-offs ) had been previously done by many guitarists , `` Eruption '' introduced two-handed tapping to the mainstream popular rock audience . Previously , Baroque-like tapping had been recorded by Steve Hackett of Genesis in 1971/1972 . Initially , `` Eruption '' was not considered as a song for the Van Halen album as it was just a guitar solo Eddie performed live in the clubs but Ted Templeman overheard it in the studio as Eddie was rehearsing it for a club date at the Whisky a Go Go and decided to include it on the album . Eddie recalled `` I did n't even play it right . There 's a mistake at the top end of it . To this day , whenever I hear it , I always think , ` Man , I could 've played it better . ' '' `` Spanish Fly '' , an acoustic guitar solo on Van Halen II , can be viewed as a nylon-string version of `` Eruption '' , expanding on similar techniques . Similarly , it was suggested by Templeman for inclusion on the album after he heard Eddie Van Halen playing a classical guitar . In March 2005 , Q magazine placed `` Eruption '' at number 29 in its list of the 100 Greatest Guitar Tracks . `` Eruption '' has been named the 2nd greatest guitar solo by Guitar World magazine -LSB- citation needed -RSB- .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4c74f43886317e2513d88e66c90499fb", "text": "Eddie Perez (guitarist) Edward Anthony Perez ( born June 26 , 1968 in Los Angeles , California ) is an American guitarist and singer . He currently tours and records with The Mavericks after a long time of being on tour with Dwight Yoakam . Perez joined the Grammy award-winning , multi-platinum band The Mavericks as a member in 2003 . He has also played with other notable artists such as James Intveld , Connie Smith , Jim Lauderdale , Miranda Lambert , Lee Ann Womack , Gary Allan and Kim Richey . In addition to his work with The Mavericks , he has worked with Mavericks ' lead singer , Raul Malo , on his solo projects , including the Peter Asher-produced record , You 're Only Lonely . He can be seen on the DVDs The Mavericks - Live in Austin , Texas , as well as the DVD Return to Sin City : A Tribute to Gram Parsons . He also appears in CMT 's 100 Greatest Love Songs and CMT 's 100 Greatest Duets . Born in Los Angeles , Perez grew up listening to rock guitarists of the 1970s and 1980s . `` My heroes were Jimmy Page , Jeff Beck , Van Halen and Ace Frehley , '' Perez told the Pittsburgh City Paper in June 2016 . `` Everything a big-eyed boy would find fascinating about rock 'n' roll , that was me . I was 12 years old and my father took me to see ZZ Top and it blew my mind . I was never the same after that . '' Perez began playing in bands at the age of 13 and discovered Honky Tonk music when he first heard `` Guitars and Cadillacs '' by Dwight Yoakam , with whom he would later perform . `` Hearing that really turned me around and it gave me a focus . From then on I started to learn everything I could about that music . But then I also had that rock 'n' roll background , too . '' In 2003 , Perez replaced Nick Kane in the Mavericks , just a short time before the band broke up . A consummate showman , Perez is known for his flair on stage both in his dress and in his stage movements . `` You would n't think that an influence of Jimmy Page or Angus Young of AC/DC would fit into the Mavericks , but somehow it does , '' Perez says of his stage presence . `` When I 'm on stage , I show up to give a performance because that 's what I would want to see . You dig what I 'm saying ? I 'm not so much thinking it as much as I 'm feeling it . I try to get to the most real , honest place that I can within each song . What I 'm doing on stage is a visual to what that sound feels like to me . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df0169e4f9adf1cecb25780d51ae88c8", "text": "Black (Pearl Jam song) `` Black '' is a power ballad by the American rock band Pearl Jam . The song is the fifth track on the band 's debut album , Ten ( 1991 ) . Featuring lyrics written by vocalist Eddie Vedder and music written by guitarist Stone Gossard , `` Black '' is about Vedder 's ex-girlfriend . Notably , following the band 's 1992 MTV Unplugged performance , Vedder now renders the lyric `` we belong together '' in `` Black '' as `` we do n't belong together '' indicating his moving on from the relationship and being content with how it ended . After Ten became a commercial success in 1992 , Pearl Jam 's record label Epic Records urged the group to release the song as a single . The band refused , citing the song 's personal nature . Despite the lack of a commercial single release , the song managed to reach number three on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart . Remixed versions of the song were included on Pearl Jam 's 2004 greatest hits album , Rearviewmirror , and the 2009 Ten reissue . It has gone on to become one of the band 's most popular songs , as well as a fan favorite .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc08468ce23f246260c7634c2ab35b09", "text": "Pescara Jazz Pescara Jazz is the name of an international jazz festival that takes place every year in July at Pescara , Italy . When it started in 1969 it was the first Italian summer festival dedicated to jazz music , and it is one of the most important in Europe . In 2009 the 37th edition of the festival to place . It has been going on continuously since 1981 , with a five year hiatus . The festival has hosted all the greatest names of jazz music : Pescara 's audience have had the pleasure to listen at the music of , among others , Philly Joe Jones , Larry Vuckovich , Duke Ellington , Miles Davis , Ella Fitzgerald , Louis Armstrong , Sarah Vaughan , Charles Mingus , Woody Herman , Oscar Peterson , Dave Brubeck , Chet Baker , Wayne Shorter until the most recent performances of Natalie Cole , Chick Corea , Keith Jarrett , Herbie Hancock , Pat Metheny , Stan Getz . Furthermore , through the years , Pescara jazz festival has welcomed different musical styles , seeking to explore the work of musicians of great appeal but also with a high quality , as Paco de Lucia , Burt Bacharach , Joan Baez , Bob Dylan , Al Jarreau , Caetano Veloso , James Taylor , Ástor Piazzolla , Gary Burton .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "0f5de1f72af77fa3f86de0014f1645e3", "text": "Tokyo Ghoul (film) Tokyo Ghoul is an upcoming Japanese dark fantasy action horror film based on the manga series Tokyo Ghoul by Sui Ishida . The film is directed by Kentarō Hagiwara and stars Masataka Kubota as Ken Kaneki and Fumika Shimizu as Tōka Kirishima . It is scheduled for release in Japan by Shochiku in the 29 July 2017 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "3c60d522050cab39166e37b0978d55cd", "text": "Tsutomu Hanabusa is a Japanese film director .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a9237d9df40ab235be999b2bd2442fb7", "text": "Zegen is a 1987 Japanese black comedy film by director Shohei Imamura . It was entered into the 1987 Cannes Film Festival . The film was selected as the Japanese entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 60th Academy Awards , but was not accepted as a nominee .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "91db97ce629c4218819e79675c99890e", "text": "Mothra vs. Godzilla is a 1964 Japanese science fiction film directed by Ishiro Honda . It is the fourth film in the Godzilla film series and stars Akira Takarada , Kenji Sahara and Hiroshi Koizumi , and Haruo Nakajima as Godzilla . The film had a 200 million yen budget , approximately twice that of the original Godzilla film . On its release in the United States , the film was re-titled Godzilla vs. the Thing with some small edits involving scenes being shortened and a scene involving the American military added .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08fdfc65354bf9d145fef9c37eca15d6", "text": "Hong Kong Paradise is a 1990 Japanese film directed by Shūsuke Kaneko . Actress Yuki Saito won the Best Actress award at the Yokohama Film Festival for her performance in this film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4cca1a7c159cf8d323c9f35426df0a51", "text": "Psycho-Pass: The Movie is a 2015 Japanese anime science fiction crime film by Production I.G and ran in over 100 theatres . It premiered in Japan on January 9 , 2015 . The plot involves the appearances of terrorists in Japan . It is directed by Naoyoshi Shiotani whereas the chief director is Katsuyuki Motohiro . Gen Urobuchi and Makoto Fukami contributed together as the film 's writers . The film has been licensed by Funimation Entertainment and had a limited theatrical release in the United States on March 15 -- 16 , 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c69770b7a001aff5f78987552d532e2", "text": "Tomie vs Tomie is a 2007 Japanese horror film directed by Tomohiro Kubo . It is the seventh installment of the Tomie film series , based on a manga series of the same name by Junji Ito , specifically The Gathering chapter from the third volume .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea489142b1556c5022d1af67869365a8", "text": "Tokyo March is a 1929 black and white Japanese silent film , originally presented with benshi accompaniment , directed by Kenji Mizoguchi . It is a classic melodramatic love tragedy addressing social inequality in modern Japan , depicted in Mizoguchi 's typical style . The theme song `` Tokyo March '' was originally sung by Chiyako Sato .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe94d3877e3f88628373acdb6c62ed7b", "text": "Octopus (1998 film) Octopus is a 1998 Japanese horror film directed by Gou Suzuki , about a serial killer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "635c68a8315d4c41c0cbecdb4b737e2a", "text": "Tokyo Twilight is a 1957 Japanese drama film by Yasujirō Ozu . It is the story of two sisters ( played by Ineko Arima and Ozu regular Setsuko Hara ) who are reunited with a mother who left them as children . The film is considered amongst Ozu 's darkest postwar films ; it is well received though lesser known .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a7e598023e5f5bed0c3a4b9f41485a7", "text": "Gokusen: The Movie is a 2009 Japanese film based on manga series Gokusen . It was directed by Tōya Satō who also directed live-action version of Kaiji . This film is the sequel to the television drama Gokusen season 3 , and the last of the series . This film has action , comedy and drama just like the tv series . It was released on July 11 , 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33ce1107f5d952ef709ccffc5473306c", "text": "Kazuki Ōmori is a Japanese film director and screenwriter .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a5726af2a2b54a15602e34e6c524069", "text": "Toho is a Japanese film , theater production , and distribution company . It has its headquarters in Yūrakuchō , Chiyoda , Tokyo , and is one of the core companies of the Hankyu Hanshin Toho Group . Outside Japan , it is best known as the producer and distributor of many kaiju and tokusatsu films , the Chouseishin tokusatsu superhero television franchise , the films of Akira Kurosawa , and the anime films of Studio Ghibli . Other famous directors , including Yasujirō Ozu , Kenji Mizoguchi , Masaki Kobayashi , and Mikio Naruse , also directed films for Toho . Toho 's most famous creation is Godzilla , who features in 29 of the company 's films . Godzilla , Rodan , Mothra , King Ghidorah and Mechagodzilla are described as Toho 's Big Five because of the monsters ' numerous appearances in all three eras of the franchise , as well as spin-offs . Toho has also been involved in the production of numerous anime titles . Its subdivisions are Toho-Towa Distribution , Toho Pictures Incorporated , Toho International Company Limited , Toho E. B. Company Limited , and Toho Music Corporation & Toho Costume Company Limited . The company is the largest shareholder ( 7.96 % ) of Fuji Media Holdings Inc. .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a385f30cf96155250c6896dfe5604d49", "text": "Gamera Gamera is a fictional giant monster or kaiju originating from a series of Japanese tokusatsu films of the same name . He first appeared in Daiei Film 's 1965 film Gamera : The Giant Monster , which was initially produced to rival the success of Toho 's Godzilla ; however , Gamera has gained fame and notoriety as a Japanese icon in his own right . The character has appeared in other media such as comic books and video games . In the United States , Gamera attained prominence during the 1970s due to the burgeoning popularity of UHF television stations featuring Saturday afternoon matinee showcases like Creature Double Feature and later in the 1990s when five Gamera films were featured on the TV show Mystery Science Theater 3000 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4cf5463f79d83bc068344eb9d400154", "text": "Double Suicide is a 1969 film directed by Masahiro Shinoda . It is based on the 1721 play The Love Suicides at Amijima by Monzaemon Chikamatsu . This play is often performed in the bunraku style ( that is , with puppets ) . In the film , the story is performed with live actors , but also makes use of Japanese theatrical traditions such as the kuroko ( stagehands dressed entirely in black ) who invisibly interact with the actors , and the set is non-realist . The film opens with the preparations by the kuroko for a modern-day presentation of a puppet play while a voice-over is heard of someone , presumably the director , calling on the telephone to find a location for the penultimate scene of the lovers ' suicide . Soon human actors are substituted for the puppets , and the action proceeds in a naturalistic fashion , until from time to time the kuroko intervene to accomplish scene shifts or heighten the dramatic intensity of the two lovers ' resolve to be united in death . The stylized sets and the period costumes and props simultaneously convey a classical theatricality and contemporaneous modernity . Jihei 's fatal love interest , Koharu the prostitute , and his neglected wife , Osan , are both played by actress Shima Iwashita . This film was released on DVD in Japanese with English subtitles in Region 1 on 30 January 2001 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1430f8f8951459f5c96569e94ba8692", "text": "Takeru Shibaki is a Japanese actor and voice actor from Tokyo . He is best known for his role as Kai Samezu/GaoBlue in the Super Sentai series Hyakujuu Sentai Gaoranger .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b9a79d47cc6d952d073a908b9e4716e", "text": "Shimajirō to Ōkina Ki is a 2015 Japanese children 's live action/anime film . It 's the third film to feature the character Shimajirō . The theme song of the film is `` Hana no Nioi '' by Chara . The first part of the film is in live action and the second is animated . The film was released on March 13 , 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d72361413d291ff7726fa3eaf2f963a7", "text": "Kikoku is a Japanese yakuza film directed by Takashi Miike . The film reunites Miike with Riki Takeuchi , who stars as the main character .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f79f56cd5c557d438ba24527ad77c733", "text": "Osaka Tough Guys is a 1995 action film directed by Takashi Miike . The story is about two high school boys who happen to get involved in the yakuza .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a611843cb55c15506399f8afe2175d2d", "text": "Takuya Ishida is a Japanese actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df24036d3feec8d03512a1fb5cd28bef", "text": "The Vampire Doll is a 1970 Japanese horror film directed by Michio Yamamoto . It was also known as Night of the Vampire ( international title ) .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "65a4347c1b6b012f81fb5975de0feca6", "text": "Briana Banks Briana Banks ( born May 21 , 1978 ) is the stage name of a German American pornographic actress and model . She is the Penthouse Pet of the Month for June 2001 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "6cced2e1e961545654a6acd8d6facbe4", "text": "Devon (actress) Devon ( born March 28 , 1977 ) is the stage name of an American pornographic actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c4c074a36eb8b8180887dea3a58270d", "text": "T. T. Boy T. T. Boy ( born Phillip Troy Rivera , in Puerto Rico April 30 , 1968 ) is the stage name of an American pornographic performer who has appeared in over 1500 adult videos . He made his adult-video debut in 1989 , twice won the XRCO Male Performer of the Year award , and was named the 1996 AVN Performer of the Year . In 2000 , Boy was elected to the XRCO Hall of Fame . He has worked under such names as T.T. Boyd , Max Reynolds , Max Cash , and Butch . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "305c7a4c39488a6e66f5aaef7e8ca56a", "text": "Brianna Love Brianna Love ( born March 14 , 1985 ) is the stage name of an American former pornographic actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3eb06b577be904c25e50a96741976602", "text": "Monique Alexander Monique Alexander ( born May 26 , 1982 ) is an American pornographic actress , nude model , and 2017 AVN Hall of Fame inductee .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f3afd3b0777fc20fb878c4474b0aa8a2", "text": "Danica Dillon Ashley Stamm-Northup ( born January 4 , 1987 ) better known by her stage name Danica Dillon is an American pornographic actress who debuted in 2009 and then went on to appear in mainstream ( non-adult ) roles in cable television movies . Dillon is also a featured dancer at men 's clubs and is a featured guest on radio and podcast shows .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "363a73dbaeef6dfc303756bb2e521ebc", "text": "Barely Legal (Banksy) '' ` Barely Legal '' was a show by graffiti artist Banksy , held in an industrial warehouse in Los Angeles , California in 2006 . The free show was held over the weekend of the 16th September 2006 . Part of the exhibition was a 37-year old Indian elephant which was painted to match the wallpaper in the room it was placed . As the show was meant to address important issues such as poverty , which is ignored by most people , the animal refers to the metaphor of the elephant in the room . While in Los Angeles the artist also targeted Disneyland in Anaheim , where he left a figure dressed up as a prisoner from the Guantanamo Bay detention camp behind on one of the rides . Meant to draw attention to the situation in the camp , where several months earlier three inmates had committed suicide , it was taken down after approximately 90 minutes . A video of the artist placing the figure in the theme park could also be seen at the exhibition .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "04e18638ec59f5b6ee98a43a06d73fce", "text": "Taija Rae Taija Rae is the pseudonym of an American former pornographic actress and model who was one of the most popular pornographic actresses of the late-1980s . She is sometimes credited as Tanja Rae , Taja Rea , Taija Rea , or Taija Ray .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09867467db38c0e2db0423bb66ec286f", "text": "10th AVN Awards The 10th AVN Awards ceremony , presented by Adult Video News ( AVN ) , honored pornographic films released in 1992 in the United States and took place in January 1993 , at Bally 's Hotel and Casino in Paradise , Nevada . During the ceremony , AVN presented AVN Awards in 67 categories . The ceremony was produced by Gary Miller and directed by S. Marco DiMercurio . Actor Randy West hosted the show for the second consecutive year , with actresses Porsche Lynn and Ona Zee as co-hosts . The Party won eight AVN awards but Best Film went to Face Dance , Parts 1 & 2 , which also won Best Director -- Film for John Stagliano .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9d9428b0f2afde77275d0c42b57a99a", "text": "Pornographic parody film A pornographic parody film is a subgenre of the pornographic film industry genre where the basis for the production 's story or plotline is the parody of a mainstream television show , feature film , public figure , video game or literary works . This subgenre also includes parody of historical or contemporary events such as political scandals . The subgenre has gained acceptance by the adult industry to the extent that major awards are presented in this category by organizations such as AVN and XRCO .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7097a11ecb15cb40f1417875918d989", "text": "Hibiki Ōtsuki is a Japanese pornographic film actress who was active in 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d5ce21e10095ed025886cf0dad25cfc", "text": "Stephanie Swift Stephanie Swift ( born February 7 , 1972 ) is a former American pornographic actress who starred in over 300 adult movies between 1995 and 2009 , when she was diagnosed with breast cancer and left the industry . She is a member of both the AVN and XRCO Halls of Fame . Swift now works with XXXchurch.com , a Christian outreach group that offers to help pornographic actors leave the industry and help compulsive porn users overcome their porn addiction .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53341abcf654b9bdc7c0523fb8f99c21", "text": "Erotic comics Erotic comics are adult comics which focus substantially on nudity and sexual activity , either for their own sake or as a major story element . As such they are usually not permitted to be sold to legal minors . Like other genres of comics , they can consist of single panels , short comic strips , comic books , or graphic novels/albums . Although never a mainstream genre , they have existed as a niche alongside -- but usually separate from -- other genres of comics . During the mid-twentieth century , most comics were produced for children , and in North America the contents of most comics were constrained by the Comics Code Authority to be suitable for children . Consequently erotic comics have sometimes been subject to criticism and extra scrutiny compared to other forms of erotic art and storytelling . Additionally , the application of laws against child pornography to materials featuring fictional characters with no legal ages , have varied internationally .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "59c0bcabf39bcaf06d2e6f27b222172b", "text": "Jessa Rhodes Jessa Rhodes ( born June 29 , 1993 ) is an American pornographic actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "92ed858c2bc4352fe6bcbf846ce480f1", "text": "Tanner Mayes Tanner Mayes ( born May 31 , 1989 ) , stage name of Jillian Courtney Glover , is an American pornographic actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c565b9efc221fcf7f2ae9d28f01f63ec", "text": "Jennifer Welles Jennifer Welles ( born March 15 , 1937 ) is an American former pornographic actress in films of the 1970s , although she began her acting career in the late 1960s in the softcore sexploitation genre films produced in New York . Some of these include : Sex by Advertisement ( 1967 ) , Career Bed , Submission , and This Sporting House , by pornographic film director Henri Pachard ( all from 1969 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "64d8d9639cfe3874f0488ef7ebb59d53", "text": "Religious views on pornography Religious views on pornography are based on broader religious views on modesty , human dignity , sexuality and other virtues which may reflect negatively on pornography . Different religious groups view pornography and sexuality differently . People who identify themselves as very religious and consume porn are more likely to consider themselves as addicted to porn ( an addiction that is not recognized in the physiatric handbook DSM-V ) than a non-religious reference group according to a 2013 study , but no connection between level of religious devotion and amount of porn consumed was shown in that study .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4eac4db8b2ebbcff531fbff2cc9b17f", "text": "Mike John Mike John is the pseudonym of an American pornographic movie producer , director , and actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd0ace1270f626365441a3fbd3d36d96", "text": "Unsimulated sex Unsimulated sex is the presentation in a film of sex scenes where the actors engage in an actual sex act , and are not just miming or simulating the actions . At one time in the United States such scenes were restricted by law and self-imposed industry standards such as the Motion Picture Production Code . Films showing explicit sexual activity were confined to privately distributed underground films , such as stag films or `` porn loops '' . Beginning in the late 1960s , most notably with Blue Movie by Andy Warhol , mainstream cinemas began pushing boundaries in terms of what was presented on screen . Although the vast majority of sexual situations depicted in mainstream cinema are simulated ( in early pornography , the main actors engaged in simulated sex , with inserts placed in the film ) , on rare occasions actors engage in real sex . The difference between these films and pornography is that , while such scenes might be considered erotic , the intent of these films is not solely pornographic . Notable examples include two of the eight Bedside-films and the six Zodiac-films from the 1970s , all of which were produced in Denmark and had many pornographic sex scenes , but were nevertheless considered mainstream films ( they all had mainstream casts and crews , and premiered in mainstream cinemas ) . The last of these films , Agent 69 Jensen i Skyttens tegn , was made in 1978 . From the end of the 1970s until the late 1990s it was rare to see hardcore scenes in mainstream cinema , but this changed with the success of Lars von Trier 's The Idiots ( 1998 ) , which heralded a wave of art-house films with explicit content , such as Romance ( 1999 ) , Baise-moi ( 2000 ) , Intimacy ( 2001 ) , Vincent Gallo 's The Brown Bunny ( 2003 ) , and Michael Winterbottom 's 9 Songs ( 2004 ) . Some simulated sex scenes are sufficiently realistic that critics mistakenly believe that they are real , such as the cunnilingus scene in the 2006 film Red Road .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0c08cbc057f0a18cdfc57badcf53f35a", "text": "Bonnie Rotten Bonnie Rotten is the stage name of Alaina Hicks ( born May 9 , 1993 ) , an American pornographic actress , feature dancer , fetish model , director , and producer . She has been nominated for and has won many awards for her pornographic endeavors . In 2014 , she became the first alt porn star to win the AVN Award for Female Performer of the Year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a068341202eddd6e67ba7fe92589e349", "text": "Amateur pornography Amateur pornography is a category of pornography that features models , actors or non-professionals performing without pay , or actors for whom this material is not their only paid modeling work . Reality pornography is professionally made porn which seeks to emulate the style of amateur pornography . Amateur porn has been called one of the most profitable and long-lasting genres of pornography .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "5382e0f11b63ba7e111ec44004c9b33c", "text": "Alicia Keys Alicia Augello Cook ( born January 25 , 1981 ) , known professionally as Alicia Keys , is an American singer , songwriter , record producer , pianist and actress . Keys released her debut album with J Records , having had previous record deals first with Columbia and then Arista Records . Keys ' debut album , Songs in A Minor was released in 2001 , producing her first Billboard Hot 100 number-one single `` Fallin ' '' , and selling over 12 million copies worldwide . The album earned Keys five Grammy Awards in 2002 . Her sophomore album , The Diary of Alicia Keys , was released in 2003 , spawning successful singles `` You Do n't Know My Name '' , `` If I Ai n't Got You '' and `` Diary '' , and selling 8 million copies worldwide . The duet song `` My Boo '' with Usher scored her a second number-one single in 2004 . The album garnered her an additional four Grammy Awards in 2005 . Later that year , she released her first live album , Unplugged , becoming the first woman to have an MTV Unplugged album debut at number one . As I Am was released in 2007 , producing the Hot 100 number-one single `` No One '' , selling 5 million copies worldwide and earning an additional three Grammy Awards . The Element of Freedom was released in 2009 , becoming her first chart-topping album in the UK , and selling 4 million copies worldwide . Keys additionally collaborated with Jay Z on `` Empire State of Mind '' as her fourth number-one single , and won Best Rap/Sung Collaboration in 2010 . Girl on Fire was released in 2012 as her fifth Billboard 200 topping album , spawning the successful title track . Her second live album , VH1 Storytellers was released in 2013 . Here was released in 2016 , becoming her seventh R&B / Hip-Hop chart topping album Keys has won numerous awards such as 15 Grammy Awards and 17 NAACP Image Awards and has sold over 35 million albums and 30 million singles worldwide . Keys made her film debut in Smokin ' Aces and has also appeared in The Nanny Diaries and The Secret Life of Bees . Considered a pop icon , Billboard magazine named her the top R&B artist of the 2000s decade and placed her number 10 on their list of Top 50 R&B / Hip-Hop Artists of the Past 25 Years . VH1 included her on their 100 Greatest Artists of All Time list , while Time named her in their 100 list of most influential people in 2005 and 2017 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "c32048169a05348ab4844239175e3485", "text": "We Gotta Pray `` We Got ta Pray '' is a song recorded by American recording artist Alicia Keys for her upcoming sixth studio album , originally planned for release in 2015 , now 2016 . A piano ballad , the song is regarded as Keys ' response to the police brutality controversies , namely the killings of Eric Garner and Michael Brown , that have caused nationwide protests in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5e533f008ad8f45494716525c946631e", "text": "Unees-Bees Unees-Bees is a 1980 Hindi-language Indian feature film directed by Swaroop Kumar , starring Mithun Chakraborty , Ranjeeta , Rakesh Roshan , Yogeeta Bali , Rita Bhaduri , Sujit Kumar and Jeevan.This was singer Udit Narayan 's first Bollywood movie as a playback singer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7632d0751c8d95ecd63b92816c61e785", "text": "Torch Song (1993 film) Torch Song ( also known as Judith Krantz 's Torch Song ) is a 1993 made-for-television drama film directed by Michael Miller , starring Raquel Welch , Jack Scalia and Alicia Silverstone . The film originally premiered on ABC on May 23 , 1993 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb404d9bcaec4563bc57b911d4ec398d", "text": "Major Key (album) Major Key ( stylized as Major ð ''` ) is the ninth studio album by DJ Khaled . It was released on July 29 , 2016 , by We the Best Music Group and Epic Records . The album features guest appearances from Future , Big Sean , Rick Ross , Jay Z , Drake , Nas , Kendrick Lamar , Betty Wright , J. Cole , Bryson Tiller , Nicki Minaj , Chris Brown , August Alsina , Jeremih , Kodak Black , Jeezy , French Montana , YG , Yo Gotti , Gucci Mane , 2 Chainz , Jadakiss , Fabolous , Fat Joe , Busta Rhymes , Kent Jones , Travis Scott , Lil Wayne , Meghan Trainor , Wiz Khalifa , Wale and Mavad The album was supported by four singles , `` For Free '' , `` I Got the Keys '' , `` Holy Key '' and `` Do You Mind '' . Major Key received generally positive reviews from critics and debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 . The album was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) in November 2016 . It received a Grammy nomination for Best Rap Album .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c66cf90586efa0ab9f15e8ce8840f86b", "text": "Blended Family (What You Do for Love) `` Blended Family ( What You Do for Love ) '' is a song by American recording artist Alicia Keys , featuring vocals from rapper ASAP Rocky . It was written by Keys , Rocky , John Bush , Brandon Aly , Tish Hyman , Dave Kuncio , Kenneth Withrow and Edie Brickell for her sixth studio album Here ( 2016 ) , while production was helmed by Keys and Mark Batson . The song refers to the former marriage of Keys ' husband Swizz Beats and musician Mashonda Tifrere . It was released on October 7 , 2016 by RCA Records . The music video , filmed in black-and-white , was released on November 11 , 2016 , and features both Keys and ASAP Rocky .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "accd08886cabfbc80608175913a13a0d", "text": "Alice Eve Alice Sophia Eve ( born 6 February 1982 ) is an English actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3435b76a83277a7d6f10a26e780206ed", "text": "The Secret Life of the American Teenager (season 2) The second season of The Secret Life of the American Teenager , an American television series created by Brenda Hampton , debuted on the ABC Family television network on Monday , June 22 , 2009 at 8:00 PM . Season two regular cast members include Shailene Woodley , India Eisley , Daren Kagasoff , Francia Raisa , Kenny Baumann , Molly Ringwald , Mark Derwin , Megan Park , and Greg Finley II . Following the first season , Jorge Pallo and Luke Zimmerman were demoted to recurring guest stars . Jorge returned for a select number of episodes to wrap up his character 's storyline and eventually departed the series after its January return . Following the success of its first season , ABC Family announced on January 31 , 2009 , plans to renew Secret Life , following the cancellation of its hit sci-fi TV show , Kyle XY . The official press release was released on February 9 with ABC Family ordering 24 episodes for season two . Season 2 began with 12 episodes broadcast starting June 22 , 2009 . Though marketed as the season finale , the mid season finale aired on September 7 , 2009 , with the second half of the season returning on January 4 , 2010 . The second 12 episodes finished their run on March 22 , 2010 . The season premiere of Secret Life brought in the largest audience for the show so far , with a record breaking 4.68 million viewers . It brought in the second largest audience in adults 18-34 with 1.40 million viewers , behind season one 's mid-season finale . 2.10 million adults 18-49 watched `` The Big One '' along with 1.60 million females between the ages 18 -- 34 . The season premiere remains the number one scripted original premiere of Summer 2009 in Adults 18-34 . Furthermore , the mid-season premiere became ABC Family 's most watched telecast of all time with viewers ages 12 -- 34 with more than three million viewers watching . The mid-season premiere also brought in the show 's second largest audience in total viewers , with more than 4.55 million people watching . This season , Amy Juergens must deal with juggling motherhood and high school , while her family and friends experience relationship challenges of their own .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8713a91e56d5a2eef96f2f365288ac97", "text": "The Secret Policeman's Ball 2008 The Secret Policeman 's Ball 2008 was a show in the Secret Policeman 's Balls series of benefit shows for Amnesty International . In July 2008 , Amnesty announced that it would present another show in its long-running series Like its 2006 predecessor the show was a single-night live event at London 's Royal Albert Hall , on Saturday 4 October 2008 . In common with other recent Amnesty benefit shows , the majority of the performers were British ( or UK-based ) and well-known primarily only in Great Britain , the one Canadian comedian Russell Peters appeared via a pre-recorded video-tape . Performers who were listed to perform were : Frank Skinner Alan Carr Graham Norton Sean Lock Kristen Schaal Fearne Cotton Matt Berry Katherine Parkinson Mitchell and Webb Jason Manford Shappi Khorsandi Russell Howard Russell Peters ( via video-tape ) Katy Brand Tim Minchin Sarah Millican Kayvan Novak Meera Syal Sean Williamson Sharon Horgan Nick Mohammed Dan Clark David Armand Eddie Izzard Ed Byrne Deborah Meaden Jon Culshaw Gok Wan Michael Fenton Stevens Keane Razorlight The 3-hour event was video-taped and a 95-minute television special adapted from the show was broadcast the following day , Sunday 5 October 2008 , on Britain 's Channel Four . There was also a `` cinecast '' in which the Royal Albert Hall event was shown live in 35 cinemas in major British cities . It was also available live in 4 cinemas in Australia . The `` cinecast '' was available in cinemas in six of Canada 's thirteen provinces and territories . The Cineplex cinema chain made the film available on 50 of its 1,317 screens , however Amnesty and Cineplex did not announce the Canadian `` cinecast '' until Wednesday October 1 2008 , just three days before the screenings which did not allow time for the event to be effectively promoted in Canada .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93882bcbf40c48e32f42886331563562", "text": "Melissa Etheridge Melissa Lou Etheridge ( born May 29 , 1961 ) is an American singer-songwriter , guitarist , and activist . Her self-titled debut album Melissa Etheridge was released in 1988 and became an underground success . The album peaked at No. 22 on the Billboard 200 , and its lead single , `` Bring Me Some Water '' , garnered Etheridge her first Grammy Award nomination for Best Rock Vocal Performance , Female . In 1993 , Etheridge won her first Grammy award for her single `` Ai n't It Heavy '' from her third album , Never Enough . Later that year , she released what would become her mainstream breakthrough album , Yes I Am . Its tracks `` I 'm the Only One '' and `` Come to My Window '' both reached the top 30 in the United States , and the latter earned Etheridge her second Grammy award . Yes I Am peaked at No. 15 on the Billboard 200 , and spent 138 weeks on the chart , earning a RIAA certification of 6x Platinum , her largest to date . In October 2004 , Etheridge was diagnosed with breast cancer , and underwent surgery and chemotherapy . At the 2005 Grammy Awards , she made a return to the stage and , although bald from chemotherapy , performed a tribute to Janis Joplin with the song `` Piece of My Heart '' . Etheridge 's performance was widely lauded , with India.Arie writing `` I Am Not My Hair '' about Etheridge . Later that year , Etheridge released her first compilation album , Greatest Hits : The Road Less Traveled . The album was a success , peaking at No. 14 on the Billboard 200 , and going Gold almost immediately . Her latest studio album is This Is M.E. . Etheridge is known for her mixture of `` confessional lyrics , pop-based folk-rock , and raspy , smoky vocals . '' She has also been a gay and lesbian activist since her public coming out in January 1993 . She has received fifteen Grammy Award nominations throughout her career , winning two , in 1993 and 1995 , respectively . In 2007 , she won an Academy Award for Best Original Song for `` I Need to Wake Up '' from the film An Inconvenient Truth . In September 2011 , Etheridge received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "12c07b57b12648d84f747e2d7ac7f150", "text": "The Secret Life of the American Teenager The Secret Life of the American Teenager ( often shortened to Secret Life ) is an American teen drama television series created by Brenda Hampton . It first season aired on ABC Family on July 1 , 2008 and ran until June 3 , 2013 . The show was renewed for four additional seasons . The series received generally mixed reviews from mainstream critics when it began broadcasting , but was well received among female and teenage viewers . The pilot episode broke the record for the highest rated debut on ABC Family with 2.82 million viewers , a record previously held by Kyle XY . The season one finale brought in 4.50 million viewers , beating that night 's episode of Gossip Girl , which had less than half its usual number of viewers . Premiering to mostly positive reviews from critics and being well received among viewers , the second season of Secret Life opened with the largest audience for the series , posting a series high in total viewers with 4.68 million viewers ; in adults 18 -- 34 it was the number one scripted original premiere of Summer 2009 . Furthermore , the mid-season premiere became ABC Family 's most watched telecast of all time with viewers ages 12 -- 34 , with more than three million viewers watching . The show earned the Teen Choice Award for Choice Summer TV Show during its premiere season , and spawned a book entitled The Secret Diary of Ashley Juergens .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d95cec440ce98a91532ee5b72b1d6c0", "text": "Lily Allen Lily Rose Beatrice Cooper ( née Allen ; born 2 May 1985 ) , known professionally as Lily Allen , is an English singer , songwriter , actress , and television presenter . She is the daughter of actor Keith Allen and film producer Alison Owen . Allen left school when she was 15 and concentrated on improving her performing and compositional skills . In 2005 , she made some of her recordings public on Myspace and the publicity resulted in airplay on BBC Radio 1 and a contract with Regal Recordings . Her first mainstream single , `` Smile '' , reached number one on the UK Singles Chart in July 2006 . Her debut record , Alright , Still , was well received , selling over 2.6 million copies worldwide and brought Allen a nomination at the Grammy Awards , Brit Awards and MTV Video Music Awards . She began hosting her own talk-show , Lily Allen and Friends , on BBC Three . Her second studio album , It 's Not Me , It 's You , saw a genre shift , having more of an electropop feel , rather than the ska and reggae influences of the first one . The album debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart and the Australian ARIA Charts and was well received by critics , noting the singer 's musical evolution and maturity . It spawned the hit singles `` The Fear '' and `` Fuck You '' . This success saw her receive the Brit Award for British Female Solo Artist at the 2010 Brit Awards . Allen and Amy Winehouse were credited with starting a process that led to the `` year of the women '' media label in 2009 that saw five female artists making music of `` experimentalism and fearlessness '' nominated for the Mercury Prize . In 2009 , Allen announced that she would be taking a hiatus from musical activities . In 2011 , she launched her own record label . In 2013 , Allen revealed that she had begun working on her third studio album , which was later titled Sheezus . On 12 November 2013 , Allen premiered the video for her first original song since 2009 , `` Hard out Here '' , which was released as a single five days later .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a028d29c676aa945e0e3ecd4aa13bbbd", "text": "Queen Latifah Dana Elaine Owens ( born March 18 , 1970 ) , known professionally by her stage name Queen Latifah , is an American rapper , songwriter , singer , actress , model , television producer , record producer , and talk show host . Born in Newark , New Jersey , she signed with Tommy Boy Records in 1989 and released her debut album All Hail the Queen the same year , featuring the hit single `` Ladies First '' . Her second album , Nature of a Sista ( 1991 ) , was her final album with Tommy Boy Records . Latifah starred as Khadijah James on the FOX sitcom Living Single , from 1993 to 1998 . Her third album Black Reign ( 1993 ) , spawned the single `` U.N.I.T.Y. '' , which won a Grammy Award and was successful on the Billboard Hot 100 . She then starred in the lead role of Set It Off ( 1996 ) and released her fourth album , Order in the Court , in 1998 , with Motown Records . Latifah gained mainstream success and acclaim with her performance in the film Chicago ( 2002 ) , receiving an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress . Latifah released her fifth album The Dana Owens Album in 2004 , and has since appeared in a number of films , such as Bringing Down the House ( 2003 ) , Taxi ( 2004 ) , Barbershop 2 : Back in Business ( 2005 ) , Beauty Shop ( 2005 ) , Last Holiday ( 2006 ) , Hairspray ( 2007 ) and Joyful Noise ( 2012 ) . In 2007 and 2009 , she released two more studio albums -- Trav ` lin ' Light and Persona . She created the daytime talk show The Queen Latifah Show , which ran from late 2013 to early 2015 on CBS . Latifah received critical acclaim for her portrayal of blues singer Bessie Smith in the HBO film Bessie ( 2015 ) , which she co-produced , winning the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Television Movie . She has long been considered one of hip-hop 's pioneer feminists . Queen Latifah received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2006 . Latifah 's work in music , film and television has earned her a Grammy Award , an Emmy Award , a Golden Globe award , three Screen Actors Guild Awards , two NAACP Image Awards , an Academy Award nomination and sales of over two million records .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56e56f38be0ccba7d9301a7ea26523ce", "text": "Alicia Endemann Alicia Endemann ( born 15 December 1988 , Hamburg ) is a German actress , beauty queen and model . She represented Germany in Miss Universe 2012 . Endemann , whose parents are both actors , has also taken up acting . She starred in 364 episodes of the Nickelodeon television series , Das Haus Anubis , as Luzy Rosaline Schoppa between 2009 and 2012 . In 2013 she starred in the television drama Danni Lowinski , as a German lawyer Claudia . She speaks five languages and has studied Marketing and Management at college in Antwerp , Belgium .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e6be2d160f876f0e4dbd3c2c973dd0d", "text": "Nona Gaye Nona Marvisa Gaye ( born September 4 , 1974 ) is an American singer , former fashion model , and actress . The daughter of late soul music legend Marvin Gaye and granddaughter of jazz great Slim Gaillard , she began her career as a vocalist in the early 1990s . As an actress , she is best known for her portrayal of Zee in the 2003 science fiction films , The Matrix Reloaded and The Matrix Revolutions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c465f9df3c4f6d402563f7631f1de37", "text": "I Am... World Tour I Am ... World Tour ( sometimes referred to as the I Am ... Tour ) was the fourth concert tour by American recording artist Beyoncé . It was launched in support of her third studio album , I Am ... Sasha Fierce ( 2008 ) . The tour was announced in October 2008 and the first dates were revealed in December 2008 . It kicked off in late-March 2009 with five rehearsal shows in North America , officially commencing in late April 2009 . The tour visited the Americas , Europe , Asia , Africa , and Australia with 108 shows in total . Preparations for the shows began eight months prior to the beginning of the tour with twelve-hour rehearsals for two months . Knowles described the shows as her best and most theatrical from all of her tours . Pre-concert food drives were held during several stops of the I Am ... World Tour as part of a campaign by General Mills ' Hamburger Helper entitled , `` Show Your Helping Hand '' where fans were asked to bring food during the concerts . The set list for the concerts included songs from Knowles ' three studio albums as well as several covers of other artists and a Destiny 's Child medley . The central theme of the tour was to showcase the difference between Knowles ' dual personality ; her emotional side and her onstage persona , Sasha Fierce which was also demonstrated in the dual album I Am ... Sasha Fierce . The show featured two stages -- the main one and a smaller B-stage where Knowles was transferred during the middle of the show . She was backed by an all-female band , female background dancers and a big LED screen . Thierry Mugler collaborated with Knowles on the costumes and had a creative advisor role further working on the choreography , lighting and production . Chris March made the costumes usable for stage and helped in their making . For the ballads , Knowles wore longer dresses while for the performances of the up-tempo songs , more make-up and more revealing outfits were worn . The fashion and Knowles ' look and figure received praise from critics . I Am ... World Tour received critical acclaim from music critics who praised Knowles ' performance abilities calling her the best female performer and chose the performances of `` Ave Maria '' , `` Listen '' and `` At Last '' as highlights during the shows . A concert in Malaysia was cancelled by Knowles after several Muslim groups tried to ban it although she agreed to tone down her look according to the country 's standards . The tour was commercially successful grossing $ 86.0 million from 93 shows in total . Separate performances of several songs were broadcast on different channels and two concerts were released as live albums ; the live performance at the I Am ... Yours revue was released in a CD/DVD format in 2009 and footage of the tour was released on an eponymous titled live album in 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2eb038aba46a8618514233fac6d1f668", "text": "Freddie Lee Peterkin Freddie Lee Peterkin , also known as Freddie Lee , is a published author , singer -- songwriter , actor and ordained interdenominational Minister , born in Pahokee , Florida . He is known for his gritty power soul vocals reminiscent of Bobby Womack . He has become an artist of public note through his 2008 independent release of the Soul and Gospel album Beyond Comprehension under the recording name of Freddie Lee . He made his prime time acting debut as `` DJ Freddie Murphy '' on Channel 4 's T4 Stars & Strikes and as a character in BBC2 's Grumpy Guide to Work in 2011 . He was also the voice for Bewiser Owl in the Bewiser Insurance TV commercial in 2012 and 2013 . He established himself in the live entertainment industry with his choreographed costume Soul Tribute stage productions for theatres and resorts in 1991 . These critically acclaimed shows include The Sounds of the Four Tops , The Sounds of the Drifters and The Sounds of the Temptations . Freddie Lee Peterkin is also a member of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity , Delta Psi Chapter a Fraternity known for members such as Martin Luther King . This historic organization was the first inter-collegiate Greek-letter organization established for Black college students founded on December 4 , 1906 . Peterkin was responsible for composing many Delta Psi Chapter fraternity anthems such as ' I Know I 've Been Changed ' written in 1985 while he was pledging . He was also a dancer and choreographer of the Delta Psi Chapter 's ` Step Shows ' . Stepping ( African-American ) or step-dancing is a form of percussive dance in which the participant 's entire body is used as an instrument to produce complex rhythms and sounds through a mixture of footsteps , spoken word , and hand claps and a strong part of Black Greek Letter Fraternities . Peterkin is the son of migrant workers originally from Georgia who came to Florida to pick crops for a living . He is of African and Seminole Indian heritage . His stepfather , James Elijah Jr. , was the lead vocalist of the 1960s and 1970s gospel group , The Royal Lights . His sister Breyona Elijah is part of the gospel group James Smith & Nu Birth and they are both cousins of Gospel group Damali . His mother Bernice Bell is also a singer and as a child won a competition to write a song for Joe Tex , for which she was awarded concert tickets and a chance to meet her idol . Joe Tex went on to have a major hit with the song but Bernice remained uncredited . Bernice Bell has been more recently recognized for her charity work and ran youth programs in Pahokee 's Padgett Island Community Center for 17 years and donating hot meals to Pahokee 's underprivileged children . The community center was recently renamed `` The Bernice Bell Community Center '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "373ef38bafef6c92d426c4271e4ab1ce", "text": "Bridget Vreeland Bridget `` Bee '' Vreeland is a main character in the 2001 novel The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants . She is portrayed by Blake Lively in the 2005 film adaptation of the first book , and the 2008 sequel , The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants 2 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "338e77737716e3d8eb363a58ab292763", "text": "Fergie (singer) Fergie Duhamel ( -LSB- ˈfɜːrɡi_dəˈmɛl -RSB- ) ( born Stacy Ann Ferguson ; March 27 , 1975 ) is an American singer , songwriter and actress . She was the female vocalist for the hip hop group The Black Eyed Peas from 2002 until 2017 , with whom she had achieved chart success worldwide . Her debut solo album The Dutchess ( 2006 ) was a major commercial success on the charts and spawned three Billboard Hot 100 number one singles ; `` London Bridge '' , `` Glamorous '' and `` Big Girls Do n't Cry '' . Ferguson was a member of the children 's television series Kids Incorporated and the girl group Wild Orchid . In 2001 , she left the group and in the subsequent year began to team up with The Black Eyed Peas . With The Black Eyed Peas , she enjoyed a series of hits and albums before she released her solo debut album in September 2006 to success . The Black Eyed Peas enjoyed further success with the release of their third album with Ferguson , The E.N.D. ( 2009 ) ; they attained their first string of Billboard Hot 100 number one songs . She began touring in 2009/2010 with her group and she launched her debut fragrance , Outspoken , under Avon in May 2010 and has since released three more fragrances . She continued success with The Black Eyed Peas and they released the album The Beginning ( 2010 ) , which featured three singles , including two number one songs . As Ferguson 's five solo singles and six singles with The Black Eyed Peas have reached two million downloads in the United States , Ferguson was the artist with the most two-million sellers by the beginning of 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bd852971cc9207b09ec8904bdad0f7f7", "text": "Unplugged (Alicia Keys album) Unplugged is the first live album ( third overall ) by American recording artist Alicia Keys . It was recorded as part of the television program MTV Unplugged on July 4 , 2005 at the Brooklyn Academy of Music in Brooklyn , New York City , and released in the United States on October 11 , 2005 by J Records , including songs from her multi-platinum albums Songs in A Minor and The Diary of Alicia Keys . The album debuted on the US Billboard 200 chart at number one , with first-week sales of 196,000 copies in the US . and over 245,000 copies worldwide -- the highest debut for an MTV Unplugged album since Nirvana 's 1994 MTV Unplugged in New York and the first Unplugged by a female artist to debut at number one . The album has sold over one million copies in the United States and over 2.5 million copies worldwide . Additionally , it received four nominations for the 2006 Grammy Awards , including Best R&B Album . The first single released from the album was `` Unbreakable '' , which peaked at number thirty-four on the US Billboard Hot 100 and number four on the US Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs . The second single , `` Every Little Bit Hurts '' , was released in January 2006 . The video premiered on January 17 on BET 's 106 & Park . The album and DVD includes songs from her multi-platinum albums Songs in A Minor and The Diary of Alicia Keys .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "967e7614b0f9f2486d648bed6d050fd4", "text": "Urban beekeeping Urban beekeeping is the practice of keeping bee colonies in urban areas . It may also be referred to as hobby beekeeping or backyard beekeeping . Bees from city apiaries are said to be `` healthier and more productive than their country cousins '' . Their presence also provides cities with environmental and economic benefits . Most cities in North America at one time prohibited the keeping of bees , but in recent years beekeepers have had success in overturning bee bans . Bees pollinate a wide variety of plants , and the honey they produce is often sold to local restaurants and in local shops . Many urban areas now regulate beekeeping , and while registering beehives is often mandatory , a high proportion of urban beekeepers fail to inform the city . The popularity of urban beekeeping was growing rapidly c. 2012 perhaps due to its inclusion in the local food movement . Between 1999 and 2012 , London saw a 220 % increase in beekeepers . The number of urban beehives varies greatly from city to city , and official counts may be inaccurate as hives are often not registered . As cities have limited greenspaces , the increasing popularity of the hobby may lead to lower honey yields as has been reported in London and New York City . According to a 2015 research study , urban environments favor viability and transmission of some disease agents that affect honey bees and may be a contributing factor to their diseases . Besides upset urbanites complaining of numerous painful stings , another problem created by a surfeit of bees is swarming , when a queen leaves an overcrowded colony with a retinue of workers to start her own .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "fa533430ec06f81a59d6a8b90f152528", "text": "Philippines The Philippines ( -LSB- ˈfɪlᵻpiːnz -RSB- Pilipinas -LSB- ˌpɪlɪˈpinɐs -RSB- ) , officially the Republic of the Philippines ( -LSB- Republika ng Pilipinas , links = no -RSB- ) , is a sovereign island country in Southeast Asia situated in the western Pacific Ocean . It consists of about 7,641 islands that are categorized broadly under three main geographical divisions from north to south : Luzon , Visayas , and Mindanao . The capital city of the Philippines is Manila and the most populous city is Quezon City , both part of Metro Manila . Bounded by the South China Sea on the west , the Philippine Sea on the east and the Celebes Sea on the southwest , the Philippines shares maritime borders with Taiwan to the north , Vietnam to the west , Palau to the east and Malaysia and Indonesia to the south . The Philippines ' location on the Pacific Ring of Fire and close to the equator makes the Philippines prone to earthquakes and typhoons , but also endows it with abundant natural resources and some of the world 's greatest biodiversity . The Philippines has an area of 300000 km2 , and a population of approximately 100 million . It is the eighth-most populated country in Asia and the 12th most populated country in the world . , approximately 10 million additional Filipinos lived overseas , comprising one of the world 's largest diasporas . Multiple ethnicities and cultures are found throughout the islands . In prehistoric times , Negritos were some of the archipelago 's earliest inhabitants . They were followed by successive waves of Austronesian peoples . Exchanges with Chinese , Malay , Indian , and Islamic nations occurred . Then , various competing maritime states were established under the rule of Datus , Rajahs , Sultans or Lakans . The arrival of Ferdinand Magellan in Homonhon , Eastern Samar in 1521 marked the beginning of Hispanic colonization . In 1543 , Spanish explorer Ruy López de Villalobos named the archipelago Las Islas Filipinas in honor of Philip II of Spain . With the arrival of Miguel López de Legazpi from Mexico City , in 1565 , the first Hispanic settlement in the archipelago was established . The Philippines became part of the Spanish Empire for more than 300 years . This resulted in Roman Catholicism becoming the dominant religion . During this time , Manila became the western hub of the trans-Pacific trade connecting Asia with Acapulco in the Americas using Manila galleons . As the 19th century gave way to the 20th , there followed in quick succession the Philippine Revolution , which spawned the short-lived First Philippine Republic , followed by the bloody Philippine -- American War of conquest by US military force . Aside from the period of Japanese occupation , the United States retained sovereignty over the islands until after World War II , when the Philippines was recognized as an independent nation . Since then , the Philippines has often had a tumultuous experience with democracy , which included the overthrow of a dictatorship by a non-violent revolution . It is a founding member of the United Nations , World Trade Organization , Association of Southeast Asian Nations , the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum , and the East Asia Summit . It also hosts the headquarters of the Asian Development Bank . The Philippines is considered to be an emerging market and a newly industrialized country , which has an economy transitioning from being one based on agriculture to one based more on services and manufacturing . It is one of the only two predominantly Christian nations in Southeast Asia , the other being East Timor .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "1596400a660ff2ccbe36d820a6546267", "text": "Democratic Progressive Party (Singapore) The Democratic Progressive Party ( abbrev : DPP ; Chinese : 民主进步党 ; Malay : Parti Demokratik Progresif ) is a political party in Singapore .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "348074346c57c092353893f19ed4549b", "text": "Philippines–United States relations Philippines -- United States relations ( Filipino : Ugnayang Pilipinas at Estados Unidos ) are bilateral relations between the United States of America and its former colony , the Republic of the Philippines . The relationship between the United States and the Philippines has historically been strong and has been described as a Special Relationship . The current Philippine president Rodrigo Duterte , however , is supportive of a foreign policy that is less dependent on the United States , favoring one that prioritizes closer relations with China instead . The Philippines is one of the oldest Asian partners of the U.S. and a strategically major non-NATO ally . The United States was consistently ranked as one of the Philippines ' favorite nations in the world , with 90 % of Filipinos viewing the U.S. and 91 % viewing Americans favorably in 2002 , 90 % of Filipinos viewing U.S. influence positively in 2011 , 85 % of Filipinos viewing the U.S. and Americans favorably in 2013 , and 92 % of Filipinos viewing the U.S. favorably in 2015 , and 89 % having confidence in United States president , Barack Obama in 2014 , making the Philippines the most pro-American country in the world . On October 20 , 2016 , the President of the Philippines announced a `` separation '' from the US , both militarily and economically , in favor of alliances with China and Russia . This article discusses Philippine -- American relations after Philippine independence from the United States in 1946 , while the article History of the Philippines ( 1898 -- 1946 ) describes the history of the Philippines during American colonial rule .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0cd262629e49f3e180d91274dd8d9af2", "text": "National Democracy Movement (Philippines) The National Democratic Movement is a broad-based alliance of left-wing , progressive individuals and organizations seeking comprehensive social , economic , and political justice in the Philippines composed of landless peasants , urban and rural poor , indigenous peoples , oppressed religious minorities , activists , workers , youth , and students . The movement seeks to address what they consider to be the root causes of injustices affecting the Filipino masses in what is analyzed to be a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society , by confronting the three fundamental problems of imperialism , feudalism , and bureaucrat capitalism . The national democratic struggle wishes to achieve genuine national liberation for the country and the realization of the democratic rights of the people by expunging the nation of foreign imperialism , landlordism , monopoly capitalists , and corrupt government officials .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2b172e2ef323a43d8f8c098be2b0a8f", "text": "Philippine general election, 2010 Elections for all positions in the Philippines above the barangay ( except for Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao regional level ) were held on May 10 , 2010 . The elected president is Benigno `` Noynoy '' Aquino , the 15th President of the Philippines , succeeding President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo who was barred from seeking re-election due to term restrictions . The successor of vice-president Noli de Castro is Jejomar Binay , the 15th vice president of the Philippines . The legislators elected in the 2010 elections have joined the senators of the 2007 elections and comprise the 15th Congress of the Philippines . The 2010 election was administered by the Commission on Elections ( COMELEC ) in compliance with the Republic Act No. 9369 , also known as the Amended Computerization Act of 2007 . It was the first national computerized election in the history of the Philippines . Although there were cases of precinct count optical scan ( PCOS ) machine failures , there was no postponement of elections since most technical issues were resolved by election day . Despite the fact that some provinces have reported failure of elections , these have not surpassed the 0.50 % of the total number of PCOS machines , and most were replaced on time . Local elections were held in all provinces , cities and municipalities for provincial governors , vice governors and board members , and city/municipal mayors , vice mayors and councilors . There were more than 85,000 candidates for 17,000 national and local positions and it is believed that the youth had the swing vote in this election as 40 % of voters are 18-35 and there are a potential 3 million first-time voters .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "597b6eec44e0261bae32af46a0ee7b35", "text": "Constitution of the Communist Party of China The Constitution of the Communist Party of China ( CPC ) has 53 Articles and includes contents of General Program , Membership , Organization System , Central Organizations , Local Organizations , Primary Organizations , Party Cadres , Party Discipline , Party Organs for Discipline Inspection , Leading Party Members ' Groups , Relationship Between the Party and the Communist Youth League , Party Emblem and Flag . The Party Constitution currently in force was adopted at the Twelfth National Congress of the CPC in September 1982 . In accordance with the changing situation and tasks , revisions were made in some of the articles at the Thirteenth National Congress in November 1987 and in the General Program and some of the articles at the Fourteenth National Congress in October 1992 , and a few revisions were made in the General Program at the Sixteenth National Congress of the CPC in November 2002 . The organizational principle that drives the political system of the PRC is `` democratic centralism '' . Within the system , the democratic feature demands participation and expression of opinion on key policy issues from members at all levels of party organization . It depends on a constant process of consultation and investigation . At the same time , the centralist feature requires that subordinate organizational levels follow the dictates of superior levels . Once the debate has reached the highest level and decisions concerning policy have been made , all party members are obliged to support the Central Committee . The constitution emphasizes the party 's role in promoting socialist democracy , in developing and strengthening a socialist legal system , and in consolidating public resolve to carry out the modernization program .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9561537aaba0fca11342f7650de8cff", "text": "Filipino values The Filipino value system or Filipino values refers to the set of values or the value system that a majority of the Filipino have historically held important in their lives . This Philippine value system includes their own unique assemblage of consistent ideologies , moral codes , ethical practices , etiquette and cultural and personal values that are promoted by their society . As with any society though , the values that an individual holds sacred can differ on the basis of religion , upbringing and other factors . As a general description , the distinct value system of Filipinos is rooted primarily in personal alliance systems , especially those based in kinship , obligation , friendship , religion ( particularly Christianity ) and commercial relationships .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3136ef3a705a62a8c929bb951b25d61a", "text": "Election An election is a formal decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual to hold public office . Elections have been the usual mechanism by which modern representative democracy has operated since the 17th century . Elections may fill offices in the legislature , sometimes in the executive and judiciary , and for regional and local government . This process is also used in many other private and business organizations , from clubs to voluntary associations and corporations . The universal use of elections as a tool for selecting representatives in modern representative democracies is in contrast with the practice in the democratic archetype , ancient Athens , where the Elections were considered an oligarchic institution and most political offices were filled using sortition , also known as allotment , by which officeholders were chosen by lot . Electoral reform describes the process of introducing fair electoral systems where they are not in place , or improving the fairness or effectiveness of existing systems . Psephology is the study of results and other statistics relating to elections ( especially with a view to predicting future results ) . To elect means `` to choose or make a decision '' , and so sometimes other forms of ballot such as referendums are referred to as elections , especially in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6681c2b55f7b56bf0de61959a78dd050", "text": "Politics of Dominica The politics of Dominica takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic , whereby the Prime Minister of Dominica is the head of government , and of a multi-party system . Executive power is exercised by the government . Legislative power is vested in both the government and the House of Assembly . The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e421c233eee8d6741fb7f282cd49ce15", "text": "Akbayan The Akbayan Citizens ' Action Party is a democratic socialist political party in the Philippines . Its primary ideology is participatory democracy and participatory socialism .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3fef58228bc17eddb18c96d5f3005269", "text": "Politics of Portugal Politics in Portugal takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential representative democratic republic , whereby the Prime Minister of Portugal is the head of government . Portugal has a multi-party system . The President of Portugal is the executive head of state and has several significant political powers , which he exercises often . Executive power is exercised by the President and the Council of Ministers . Legislative power is vested in both the government and the Assembly of the Republic . The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature . Since 1975 , the party system has been dominated by the social democratic Socialist Party and the liberal-conservative Social Democratic Party .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e7f1baf4a1b1adc5474a7da2e2ec5c46", "text": "Philippine House of Representatives elections, 1969 The Elections for the House of Representatives of the Philippines were held on November 11 , 1969 . Held on the same day as the presidential election , the party of the incumbent president , Ferdinand Marcos 's Nacionalista Party , won majority of the seats in the House of Representatives . The elected representatives served in the 7th Congress from 1969 to 1973 , although it was cut short due to the proclamation of martial law on September 23 , 1972 by president Marcos . The proclamation suspended the constitution and closed both chambers of Congress , which allowed Marcos to rule by decree . The Constitutional Convention then passed a new constitution , which was approved by the electorate in a 1973 plebiscite that abolished the bicameral Congress and instead instituted a unicameral Batasang Pambansa ( National Legislature or Parliament ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8bdec56558221db2f375e9e9063ac44c", "text": "Politics of Equatorial Guinea The politics of Equatorial Guinea take place in a framework of a presidential republic , whereby the President is both the head of state and head of government . Executive power is exercised by the government . Legislative power is vested in both the government and the Chamber of People 's Representatives", "title": "" }, { "docid": "27cb8881c66ed001f7bf4936ff4441aa", "text": "Benigno Ramos See Pugad Baboy for the Filipino comic character Igno who shares this name . Benigno `` Ben Ruben '' Ramos y Pantaleón ( February 10 , 1892 - c. 1946 ) was a Filipino author , writer , organization founder , politician and was an advocate for the independence of the Philippines from the United States who collaborated with Japan . Educated in Bulacan , Ramos went to work there as a teacher . Later , whilst based in Manila , he entered the civil service and by 1928 had risen to a high position with the Senate Staff . He became a member of the Nacionalista Party and a close associate of Manuel L. Quezon but this came to an end in 1930 when he joined a wildcat strike by teachers in the capital , causing Quezon to demand his resignation . Ramos did so but became a figure of anti-Quezon agitation , setting up a Tagalog language newspaper Sakdal which gained a wide circulation in rural areas . Ramos reconstituted his followers as the Sakdalista movement . Gaining as many as 20,000 members the group launched an attempted uprising in May 1935 but this was quickly crushed and Ramos went into exile in Japan . Ramos returned to Manila on August 28 , 1938 on board the German passenger ship Gneisenau . He became leader of the Ganap Party which contested the 1941 elections ( although Ramos himself was imprisoned during the vote ) . During the Japanese occupation this group became part of the KALIBAPI governing coalition , whilst Ramos formed the Makapili , a militant youth movement that aimed to limit the power of José P. Laurel and to provide soldiers for Japan . The followers of Ramos and his ally Artemio Ricarte were eventually armed by the Japanese in December 1944 by which time the Americans had already landed . Accounts differ on what happened to Ramos after the fall of the Philippines ; some claim that he was killed in an airplane crash in Baguio along with the retreating Japanese . As well as his political activism , Ramos was also noted as a writer of poetry with a collection Mga Agam-agam at Iba Pang Tula due for publication .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0db8fd59061262838fa55e24cc470d97", "text": "Social Democratic Party (Bolivia) The Social Democratic Party ( Spanish : Partido Social Demócrata , PSD ) was a conservative , small and elitist , but influential Bolivian political party formed by middle-class intellectuals . The Social Democratic Party was founded in 1944 by younger , conservative Bolivians committed to modernization and the technological and technocratic strategies they believed necessary to achieve it . Led by Luis Adolfo Siles Salinas ( Hernán Siles Zuazo 's half-brother ) , Roberto Arce , Manfredo Kempf Mercado , Gastón Arduz Eguia , Alberto Crespo Gutiérrez , Tomás Guillermo Elio , and Mario Estenssoro , the party embraced developmentalist , nominally Christian-Democratic principles . For the 1947 general elections the Party allied with the Liberal Party and Revolutionary Left Party and backed Liberal Luis Femando Guachalla as the coalition 's presidential candidate . For the 1951 general elections the PSD allied with the Republican Socialist Unity Party and backed PURS ' presidential candidate Gabriel Gosalvez . During the Revolutionary Nationalist Movement regime ( 1952 -- 1964 ) , the Social Democratic Party was a minor force , allied electorally with the Bolivian Socialist Falange . It was generally regarded as an ideological relic of the prerevolutionary period , surviving only because its leaders were relatively young . After Víctor Paz Estenssoro 's overthrow in 1964 , the Social Democratic Party obtained a new lease on life and cooperated with the military regime of General René Barrientos Ortuño . Their influence no doubt was stimulated by the growing prominence of `` technocrats '' in the military dictatorships of Brazil and Argentina . For the 1966 general elections PSD allied with the Revolutionary Left Party , Authentic Revolutionary Party and Popular Christian Movement and backed Barrientos as the coalition 's presidential candidate . The PSD 's leader , Luis Adolfo Siles Salinas was chosen as vice-presidential candidate . The PSD withdrew support Barrientos in 1968 , but returned to a pro-government stance , when René Barrientos Ortuño died in a helicopter crash on 27 April 1969 and Siles Salinas became president , serving with conspicuous dedication and honesty for five months until overthrown by General Alfredo Ovando Candía . In succeeding years , the Social Democratic Party became inactive after that , although Luis Adolfo Siles Salinas continued to pursue his presidential ambitions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f0c58c08ed3cd083055b0d40ad31bad", "text": "1986–90 Philippine coup attempts From 1986 to 1987 , there were six plots to overthrow Philippine President Corazon Aquino involving various members of the Armed Forces of the Philippines . A significant number of the military participants in these attempts belonged to the Reform the Armed Forces Movement ( RAM ) , while others were identified loyalists of former President Ferdinand Marcos , who had been deposed in the People Power Revolution in late February 1986 . Two attempts -- the November 1986 `` God Save the Queen Plot '' and the July 1987 plot -- were uncovered and quashed by authorities before they could be operationalised . The other plots were repelled with little or no violence , the deadliest being the August 1987 coup attempts which left 53 dead . An even more serious coup attempt would be staged against the Aquino government in December 1989 . Following the plot 's failure , President Aquino established a fact-finding commission headed by then-COMELEC Chairman Hilario Davide , Jr. . The report would become known as the Davide Commission Report , and it was mandated to investigate and provide a full report on the series of coup attempts against the Aquino government .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa0c365633b349a00fcebcda55f4a37b", "text": "1st Congress of the Commonwealth of the Philippines The First Congress of the Commonwealth of the Philippines ( Filipino : Unang Kongreso ng Komenwelt ng Pilipinas ) , also known as the `` Postwar Congress '' and the `` Liberation Congress '' , refers to the meeting of the bicameral legislature composed of the Senate and House of Representatives , from 1945 to 1946 . This Congress convened only after the reestablishment of the Commonwealth Government in 1945 when President Sergio Osmeña called it to five special sessions . Osmeña had replaced Manuel L. Quezon as president after the former died in exile in the United States in 1944 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa57660cda445a22f55473e859674a08", "text": "18th Congress of the Philippines The Eighteenth Congress of the Philippines ( Ikalabing-walong Kongreso ng Pilipinas ) is the future meeting of the national legislature of the Republic of the Philippines , composed of the Senate and House of Representatives . The convention of the 18th Congress was followed by the 2019 Senate election , which will replace half of the Senate membership , and the 2019 House of Representatives elections which will elect the entire membership of the House of Representatives . The House of Representatives will meet in Batasang Pambansa Complex and the Senate will meet in the GSIS Building from 2019 to a certain date in 2022 , from the possible fourth to sixth year of the presidency of Rodrigo Duterte ; this will be the end of tenure for senators elected in 2016 . The 18th Congress will be officially opened by President Duterte together with the joint session of the Senate and the House of Representatives .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70a037b476bbec2149d6d2294ec68961", "text": "Politics of Indonesia The Politics of Indonesia take place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic , whereby the President of Indonesia is both head of state and head of government , and of a multi-party system . Executive power is exercised by the government . Legislative power is vested in both the government and the two People 's Representative Councils . The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature . The 1945 constitution provided for a limited separation of executive , legislative and judicial power . The governmental system has been described as `` presidential with parliamentary characteristics . '' Following the Indonesian riots of May 1998 and the resignation of President Suharto , several political reforms were set in motion via amendments to the Constitution of Indonesia , which resulted in changes to all branches of government .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d86d00c11cbf2bedc6628128b38d9ce", "text": "History of democracy A democracy is a political system , or a system of decision-making within an institution or organization , in which all members have an equal share of power . Modern democracies are characterized by two capabilities that differentiate them fundamentally from earlier forms of government : the capacity to intervene in their own societies and the recognition of their sovereignty by an international legalistic framework of similarly sovereign states . -LSB- 2 -RSB- Democratic government is commonly juxtaposed with oligarchic and monarchic systems , which are rule by a minority and a sole monarch respectively . Democracy in its earliest forms is generally associated with the efforts of the ancient Greeks and Romans , who were themselves considered the founders of Western civilization by the 18th century intellectuals who attempted to leverage these early democratic experiments into a new template for post-monarchical political organization . The extent to which these 18th century democratic revivalists succeeded in turning the democratic ideals of the ancient Greeks and Romans into the dominant political institution of the next 300 years is hardly debatable , even if the moral justifications they often employed might be . Nevertheless , the critical historical juncture catalyzed by the resurrection of democratic ideals and institutions fundamentally transformed the ensuing centuries and has dominated the international landscape since the dismantling of the final vestige of empire following the end of the Second World War . Modern representative democracies attempt to bridge the gulf between the Hobbesian ` state of nature ' and the grip of authoritarianism through ` social contracts ' that enshrine the rights of the citizens , curtail the power of the state , and grant agency through the right to vote .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2db70e642f2a60d1060e2f7e9725baa3", "text": "Politics of South Korea Politics of the Republic of Korea takes place in the framework of a presidential representative democratic republic , whereby the President is the head of state , and of a multi-party system . Executive power is exercised by the government . Legislative power is vested in both the government and the National Assembly . The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature and comprises a Supreme Court , appellate courts and a Constitutional Court . Since 1948 , the constitution has undergone five major revisions , each signifying a new republic . The current Sixth Republic began with the last major constitutional revision in 1987 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "4371dbb6ce8496ee35da7ec5850b33e0", "text": "Independence Day: Resurgence Independence Day : Resurgence is a 2016 American science fiction film written and directed by Roland Emmerich with co-writers Dean Devlin , Nicolas Wright , James A. Woods , and James Vanderbilt . As sequel to the 1996 film Independence Day , it stars an ensemble cast featuring Liam Hemsworth , Jeff Goldblum , Bill Pullman , Maika Monroe , Jessie Usher , Travis Tope , William Fichtner , Charlotte Gainsbourg , Judd Hirsch , Brent Spiner and Sela Ward . The film takes place twenty years after the events of the first film , during which the United Nations has collaborated to form Earth Space Defense ( ESD ) , an international military defense and research organization . Through reverse engineering , the world has harnessed the power of alien technology and laid the groundwork to resist a second invasion . Plans for a sequel to Independence Day began as early as 2001 , with 20th Century Fox eventually green-lighting the project in 2014 . Principal photography began in April 2015 at locations primarily in New Mexico but also in the Bonneville Salt Flats of Utah , which were featured in the original . Independence Day : Resurgence was released in the United States on June 24 , 2016 , in 2D , 3D , and IMAX 3D , grossing $ 389.7 million worldwide at the box office . The film received generally unfavorable reviews from critics , who found the plot convoluted and action sequences overblown , though some praised its overall humor .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "727345278309a73012f2a75ba6c093c6", "text": "Highlander (film) Highlander is a 1986 British-American adventure action fantasy film directed by Russell Mulcahy and based on a story by Gregory Widen . It stars Christopher Lambert , Sean Connery , Clancy Brown , and Roxanne Hart . The film narrates the climax of an ages-old battle between immortal warriors , depicted through interwoven past and present-day storylines . Christopher Lambert plays swordsman Connor MacLeod from Scottish Highlands , known as the Highlander , one of a number of immortal warriors , who can only be killed by decapitation . After initial training by another highly skilled immortal swordsman , Ramirez ( Sean Connery ) , MacLeod lives on for several centuries , eventually settling in New York City , managing an antiques shop . In 1985 , he falls in love with a policewoman named Brenda and finds out that he must face his biggest enemy , Clancy Brown 's Kurgan , who wishes to kill MacLeod and to obtain `` the Prize '' -- a special ability which is given to the last living immortal warrior , vast knowledge and the ability to enslave the entire human race . Highlander enjoyed little success on its initial theatrical release , grossing over $ 12 million worldwide against a production budget of $ 19 million , and received mixed reviews . Nevertheless , it became a cult film and launched Lambert to stardom . The film inspired a franchise which included film sequels and television spin-offs . Its tagline , `` There can be only one '' , has carried on throughout the franchise , as have the songs provided for the film by the rock band Queen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d680beab44ca8c88b047bc7104d55a60", "text": "Grand Theft Auto III Grand Theft Auto III is an open world action-adventure third-person shooter video game developed by DMA Design and published by Rockstar Games . It was released on 22 October 2001 for the PlayStation 2 , on 20 May 2002 for Microsoft Windows , and on 31 October 2003 for the Xbox . A remastered version of the game was released on mobile platforms in 2011 , for the game 's tenth anniversary . It is the fifth title in the Grand Theft Auto series , and the first main entry since 1999 's Grand Theft Auto 2 . Set within the fictional Liberty City , based on New York City , the game follows Claude after he is left for dead and quickly becomes entangled in a world of gangs , crime and corruption . The game is played from a third-person perspective and its world is navigated on foot or by vehicle . The open world design lets players freely roam Liberty City , consisting of three main islands . Development was shared between DMA Design , based in Edinburgh and Rockstar , in New York City . Much of the development work constituted transforming popular series elements into a 3D world . The game was delayed following the September 11 attacks , to allow the team to change references and gameplay deemed inappropriate . Upon release , the game received critical acclaim , with praise particularly directed at its concept and gameplay . However , the game also generated controversy , with criticism directed at the depiction of violence and sexual content . Grand Theft Auto III became the best-selling video game of 2001 , and has sold over 17 million copies . Considered one of the most significant titles of the sixth generation of video games , and by many critics as one of the greatest video games of all time , it won year-end accolades , including Game of the Year awards from several gaming publications . Since its release , it has received numerous ports to many gaming platforms . Its successor , Grand Theft Auto : Vice City , was released in October 2002 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15de4fea6d1defb9167a6e11108320bb", "text": "Cinema of India The cinema of India consists of films produced across India . Cinema as a medium has gained immense popularity in the country and as many as 1,600 films in various languages of India are produced annually . Indian films have also come to be followed throughout South Asia , the Greater Middle East , Southeast Asia and other countries . Dadasaheb Phalke is known as the `` father of Indian cinema '' . The Dadasaheb Phalke Award , for lifetime contribution to cinema , was instituted in his honour , by the Government of India in 1969 , and is the most prestigious and coveted award in Indian cinema . In the 20th century , Indian cinema , along with the Hollywood and Chinese film industries , became a global enterprise . As of 2013 , in terms of annual film output , India ranks first , followed by Nollywood , Hollywood and China . In 2012 , India produced 1,602 feature films . The Indian film industry reached overall revenues of $ 1.86 billion ( 93 billion ) in 2011 . This is projected to rise to $ 3 billion ( 200 billion ) in 2016 . In 2015 , India had a total box office gross of , the fourth largest in the world outside North America . Enhanced technology paved the way for upgrading from established cinematic norms of delivering product , altering the manner in which content reached the target audience . Biopics like Dangal and CGI-laden epics like Baahubali emerged as transnational blockbusters grossing over $ 200 million each in early 21st century . Indian cinema found markets in over 90 countries where films from India are screened . The Indian government extended film delegations to foreign countries such as the United States of America and Japan while the country 's Film Producers Guild sent similar missions through Europe . The provision of 100 % foreign direct investment has made the Indian film market attractive for foreign enterprises such as 20th Century Fox , Sony Pictures , Walt Disney Pictures and Warner Bros. . Indian enterprises such as AVM Productions , Prasad 's Group , Sun Pictures , PVP Cinemas , Zee , UTV , Suresh Productions , Eros Films , Ayngaran International , Pyramid Saimira , Aascar Films and Adlabs also participated in producing and distributing films . Tax incentives to multiplexes have aided the multiplex boom in India . By 2003 as many as 30 film production companies had been listed in the National Stock Exchange of India , making the commercial presence of the medium felt . The South Indian film industry defines the four film cultures of South India as a single entity . They are the Telugu , the Tamil , the Malayalam and the Kannada industries . Although developed independently over a long period , gross exchange of film performers and technicians as well as globalisation helped to shape this new identity . The Indian diaspora consists of millions of Indians overseas for which films are made available both through media such as DVDs and by screening of films in their country of residence wherever commercially feasible . These earnings , accounting for some 12 % of the revenue generated by a mainstream film , contribute substantially to the overall revenue of Indian cinema , the net worth of which was found to be 1.3 billion in 2000 . Music in Indian cinema is another substantial revenue generator with the music rights alone accounting for 4 -- 5 % of the net revenues generated by a film in India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1318f23e2e6fabf22ddbe228f6772d7", "text": "Fahrenheit (2005 video game) Fahrenheit ( known as Indigo Prophecy in North America ) is a cinematic interactive drama action-adventure video game developed by Quantic Dream and published by Atari , Inc. for the PlayStation 2 and Xbox . The director 's cut and uncut versions were later released for Microsoft Windows . Fahrenheit has sold over 700,000 units worldwide since it was released in September 2005 and has won several awards . On 4 December 2007 , Atari released the game for Xbox 360 through Xbox Originals . On 8 November 2011 , Quantic Dream released the game uncensored for PC through GOG.com . A remastered version of the game , entitled Fahrenheit : Indigo Prophecy Remastered , was developed and published by Aspyr in January 2015 for Microsoft Windows , OS X , Linux and iOS . A port for the PlayStation 4 , which was developed by International Software Development Group at Sony Interactive Entertainment , was released on 9 August 2016 via PlayStation Network . In this paranormal thriller , New York City experiences a series of mysterious murders that follow the same pattern ; ordinary people become possessed and kill strangers in public . The main characters of the story must uncover the supernatural forces behind these crimes . Publicity was generated from the developer 's rejection of conventional game genre labeling ; preferring to brand it as the first `` interactive film '' rather than an adventure or third-person action title . The game features motion captured animation as well as branching story lines , split screen cameras and an interface designed to be intuitive and realistic . Event triggers in the game are also mainly time-based , as opposed to the more common player-initiated progression found in most games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bacc885db95ba0e8f4308fd3776bd5f5", "text": "Midnight Memories Midnight Memories is the third studio album by British-Irish boy band One Direction , released on 25 November 2013 by Columbia Records , Syco Music and Sony Music . The album was described as having a `` slightly rockier tone '' than their previous efforts . It has become the fastest-selling album in Amazon UK 's history , breaking the record set by One Direction 's previous release , Take Me Home ( 2012 ) . The album debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 , making One Direction the first group in history to debut at number one in the US with their first three albums . The album was preceded by the release of the singles `` Best Song Ever '' and `` Story of My Life '' . Upon the album 's release , Midnight Memories received mixed reviews from music critics . Many critics praised the lyrical depth and musical composition on the album , as well as the group 's level of involvement in the production process . However , others argued that the material was less memorable than their previous work and felt the themes were not as mature as expected . Despite being released five weeks before the year 's end , Midnight Memories nevertheless became the best-selling album of 2013 as listed by the IFPI , with sales of four million copies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab776c8e054188f0657ac63f8105ecf6", "text": "Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series . Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments . The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f4a9dd23afa404a404705c6a1ba8ede6", "text": "Now That's What I Call Music! 37 (U.S. series) Now That 's What I Call Music ! 37 was released on February 8 , 2011 . The album is the 37th edition of the ( U.S. ) Now ! series . Seven tracks selected for the album were number-one hits on the Billboard Hot 100 : `` Love The Way You Lie '' , `` Just the Way You Are '' , `` Firework '' , `` Raise Your Glass '' , `` We R Who We R '' , `` Only Girl ( In The World ) '' and `` Like a G6 '' . Now ! 37 debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 albums chart with first week sales of 151,000 , the biggest week for any US-released Now album since Now ! 31 started at number one with 169,000 in July 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dcdc0170c885526ed3707bf96422fc25", "text": "Halo: Reach Halo : Reach is a first-person shooter video game developed by Bungie and published by Microsoft Game Studios for the Xbox 360 home video game console . The sixth installment in the Halo series , Reach was released worldwide in September 2010 . The game takes place in the year 2552 , where humanity is locked in a war with the alien Covenant . Players control Noble Six , a member of an elite supersoldier squad , when the human world known as Reach falls under Covenant attack . After releasing Halo 3 in 2007 , Bungie split into teams to develop two different games -- what would become Halo 3 : ODST and Reach . The developers decided to create a prequel to the original Halo game trilogy , freeing themselves from the obligation of addressing old story threads . As the game would take place on a human world doomed to be destroyed , they focused on making the environment a character unto itself . Longtime Halo composers Martin O'Donnell and Michael Salvatori returned to compose Reachs music , aiming for a more somber sound to match the story . Reach was announced at the Electronic Entertainment Expo 2009 in Los Angeles , California , and the first in-engine trailer was shown at the 2009 Spike Video Game Awards . Players who purchased ODST were eligible to participate in a Reach multiplayer beta in May 2010 ; the beta allowed Bungie to gain player feedback for fixing bugs and making gameplay tweaks before shipping the final version . Microsoft gave Reach its biggest game marketing budget yet and created award-winning live-action commercials , action figures , and interactive media to promote the game . The game grossed US$ 200 million on its launch day , setting a new record for the franchise . Reach sold well in most territories , moving more than three million units its first month in North America . Critical reception was positive ; reviewers from publications such as GamePro , IGN , and Official Xbox Magazine called it the best Halo title yet . Critics generally praised the game 's graphics and sound , but the plot and characters were less positively received . Reach was Bungie 's final Halo game ; subsequent games have been overseen by Microsoft subsidiary 343 Industries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4cea9ea45cbb3a0ded054c2a2267eae5", "text": "Day of Redemption Day of Redemption is a business-themed romantic drama film directed by Lawrence Lau ( the Lee Rock series , starring Andy Lau , and Queen of Temple Street ) and starring Zhou Yumin ( aka Zai Zai , a member of the popular Taiwanese group F4 ) , Tong Yao , Cao Yunjin , and Bai Yu . The film was co-financed by Gehua Cultural Development Group , Beijing 's cable company , and Palette Pictures LLC . Day of Redemption tells the story of the beautiful entrepreneur Zhou Ting , a young and pretty entrepreneur that fights to protect her lingerie business from a hostile takeover from her former college sweetheart , now an ambitious businessman . But as his rich , jealous girlfriend takes part in the dispute , the two former lovers reignite their old flame . The movie was theatrically released in July 19 , 2013 in mainland China , nationwide . YNET.com points that more theaters had to play the film just to accommodate the audience , and considered Day of Redemption the first high concept movie of mainland China , connecting the U.S. education received by the film 's producer , writer and director to its success . Netease Entertainment also deemed the movie `` high concept '' , and Ye Qianyun and Tong Yao 's performances were praised . China 's CCTV , that broadcasts to about 1 billion people , rated Day of Redemption `` intense '' , and `` delighting '' Day of Redemption 's online release on Tencent Video , a major Chinese video portal , has received more than 14 million views .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d810276add2ae00f6e8089b7fbc27ae", "text": "Saints Row: The Third downloadable content Downloadable content for Saints Row : The Third was announced before the game 's November 2011 release along with a commitment from publisher THQ to support 40 weeks of content . Among smaller upgrades , three main content packs were released : Genkibowl VII , Gangstas in Space , and The Trouble with Clones . Reviewers found all three packs short -- around an hour in length -- and considered The Trouble with Clones the best of the bunch . Genkibowl VII , released in January 2012 , brought four new activity types to Steelport around a Professor Genki-themed competition . Sad Panda Skyblazing , the only one of the four activities to not modify an existing activity type , was the reviewers ' favorite . Gangstas in Space , released in February , is a three-mission story about a Saints-themed film production starring the player and fighting aliens . The Trouble with Clones , released in March , has the player tracking down and quelling a rampant clone of Saints leader Johnny Gat . Reviewers highly praised its `` Saints Flow '' superpower sequences , and questioned why they could not have been unlocked in the main game afterwards . All download packs offered unlocks upon their completion . The Full Package , a version containing all of the game 's downloadable content on disc alongside the main game , was released in November . Some of the smaller content items include costume , vehicle , and ability unlocks . THQ planned a standalone expansion of the game called Enter the Dominatrix . It was originally announced as an April Fool 's joke , but was confirmed and later spun into Saints Row IV 's downloadable content .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "550cd5293425c85941169f6065afa6c2", "text": "Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots Metal Gear Solid 4 : Guns of the Patriots is an action-adventure stealth video game developed by Kojima Productions and published by Konami exclusively for the PlayStation 3 console . It is the sixth Metal Gear game directed by Hideo Kojima , and was released worldwide on June 12 , 2008 . Set five years after the events of Metal Gear Solid 2 : Sons of Liberty , the story centers around a prematurely aged Solid Snake , now known as Old Snake , as he goes on one last mission to assassinate his nemesis Liquid Snake , who now inhabits the body of his former henchman Revolver Ocelot under the guise of Liquid Ocelot , before he takes control of the Sons of the Patriots , an A.I. system that controls the activities of PMCs worldwide . Guns of the Patriots received universal acclaim , garnering perfect reviews and Game of the Year awards from several major gaming publications , including GameSpot , which claimed that the game was `` technically flawless '' . Often considered to be one of the seventh generation of console gaming 's most significant titles , its release caused a boost in sales of the PlayStation 3 , where it sold over six million copies worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "40d473ea463ccef52a97cdc8a452e0a1", "text": "Last Empire-War Z '' `` Last Empire - War Z '' '' is one of the most popular freemium Massively Multiplayer Online strategy game that developed and published by IM30 Studios.It was launched in August 2015 and then it spread all over the world , it became popular among players with a shocking speed , now it has over 80 million downloads and it is available in over 220 countries . It is the Google play `` Best of Game 2016 '' . This is not the first time Google official reward it . '' `` Last Empire - War Z '' '' has been recommended to global twice and to districts for several times . It always takes a high rank in App download list in most countries and it is one of the best strategies games that beloved by players . High rates and good comments mean it attracting more and more worldwide players .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc88c95baefd83fa05810d9d1e7e5ddb", "text": "Calvin Harris discography Scottish record producer , DJ , singer and songwriter Calvin Harris has released four studio albums , one mix album , three extended plays , 28 singles ( including three as a featured artist ) , 12 promotional singles and 31 music videos . As of November 2014 , Harris had sold 8,176,180 singles and tracks in the United Kingdom . Harris 's debut studio album , I Created Disco , was released in June 2007 . The album peaked at number eight on the UK Albums Chart and was certified gold by the British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) . Its first two singles , `` Acceptable in the 80s '' and `` The Girls '' , peaked at numbers 10 and three , respectively , on the UK Singles Chart , while the third single , `` Merrymaking at My Place '' , reached number 43 . In August 2009 , Harris released his second studio album , Ready for the Weekend , which debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart and earned a gold certification from the BPI within two months of release . Its lead single , `` I 'm Not Alone '' , became Harris 's first number one on the UK Singles Chart . `` Ready for the Weekend '' was released as the album 's second single , peaking at number three in the United Kingdom . Two more singles were released from the album , `` Flashback '' and `` You Used to Hold Me '' , which reached numbers 18 and 27 on the UK chart , respectively . His third studio album , 18 Months , was released in October 2012 . The album sees Harris stepping away from vocals , instead focusing on the music production . It earned Harris his second consecutive number-one album in his home country . 18 Months also became his first album to chart on the Billboard 200 in the United States , peaking at number 19 , while reaching number two in Ireland , number five in Australia and number eight in Canada . The album 's lead single , `` Bounce '' featuring Kelis , peaked at number two on the UK Singles Chart and gave Harris his first top-10 entry in Australia , peaking at number seven . The second single , `` Feel So Close '' , also peaked at number two in the UK . The song brought Harris to international prominence , reaching number five in New Zealand and number seven in Australia , as well as becoming his first chart entry as a lead performer on the US Billboard Hot 100 , where it charted at number 12 . In 2011 , Harris wrote , produced and was featured on Rihanna 's single `` We Found Love '' , which topped the charts in 25 countries , including the United Kingdom , the United States , Ireland and Canada . The third and fourth singles from 18 Months , `` Let 's Go '' ( featuring Ne-Yo ) and `` We 'll Be Coming Back '' ( featuring Example ) , both reached number two on the UK chart , with the former also peaking at number 17 on the Billboard Hot 100 . The album 's fifth single , `` Sweet Nothing '' featuring Florence Welch , became Harris 's fourth number-one single in the UK and first top-10 single in the US . `` Drinking from the Bottle '' ( featuring Tinie Tempah ) and `` I Need Your Love '' ( featuring Ellie Goulding ) served as the album 's sixth and seventh singles . Having both charted inside the UK top 10 by April 2013 , Harris made chart history by becoming the first artist to attain eight top-10 singles from one studio album , overtaking the record previously set by Michael Jackson . The eighth and final single , `` Thinking About You '' featuring Ayah Marar , peaked at number eight on the UK Singles Chart . Harris 's fourth studio album , Motion , was released in October 2014 . It peaked at number two on the UK Albums Chart and number five on the US Billboard 200 , his highest-peaking album on the latter chart . The album includes the UK number-one singles `` Under Control '' , `` Summer '' and `` Blame '' , as well as the top-10 single `` Outside '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b259887db7806f3f5e307e88e4cf3659", "text": "List of accolades received by Star Wars: The Force Awakens Star Wars : The Force Awakens is a 2015 epic space opera film directed , co-produced , and co-written by J. J. Abrams . The seventh installment in the main Star Wars film series , and first of three in Star Wars sequel trilogy , it stars Harrison Ford , Mark Hamill , Carrie Fisher , Adam Driver , Daisy Ridley , John Boyega , Oscar Isaac , Lupita Nyong ` o , Andy Serkis , Domhnall Gleeson , Anthony Daniels , and Max von Sydow . The Force Awakens is set 30 years after Return of the Jedi ; it follows Rey , Finn , and Poe Dameron 's search for Luke Skywalker and their fight alongside the Resistance , led by veterans of the Rebel Alliance , against Kylo Ren and the First Order , a successor group to the Galactic Empire . The Force Awakens was premiered by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures in Los Angeles on December 14 , and was released in United States and Canada on December 18 , 2015 . The Force Awakens opened across 14,300 theaters , breaking numerous box-office records and became the first film to earn more than $ 100 million worldwide in a single day . The film grossed a worldwide total of over $ 2 billion on a production budget of $ 306 million becoming the highest-grossing release of 2015 , and the fastest film to earn $ 1 billion worldwide , doing so in twelve-days . The Force Awakens became the third film in history to surpass $ 2 billion worldwide ( after Avatar ( 2009 ) and Titanic ( 1997 ) ) , doing so on its 53rd day of release . Rotten Tomatoes , a review aggregator , surveyed 360 reviews and judged 92 percent to be positive . The Force Awakens garnered many awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for Abrams ' direction , its action sequences , visual effects , editing and Ridley 's and Boyega 's performances . Several awards held their nominations before the December release of The Force Awakens , making the film ineligible for the 73rd Golden Globe Awards and some other awards ceremonies . However , the film was added to the 21st Critics ' Choice Awards 's slate of best picture nominees after a special vote by the board of directors , and the announcement of the 2015 American Film Institute Awards was delayed until after the release of film , where it was named one of Top Ten Films of the year . The Force Awakens received five nominations at the 88th Academy Awards as Best Original Score , Best Sound Editing , Best Sound Mixing , Best Film Editing and Best Visual Effects . The film garnered four nominations at 69th British Academy Film Awards , and won for Best Special Visual Effects and a special BAFTA Rising Star Award for John Boyega . At the 21st Empire Awards , the film received nine nominations and won five including Best Sci-Fi/Fantasy Film , and Best Director for J.J. Abrams . The Force Awakens became the most nominated film in Saturn Awards history with total of thirteen nominations at 42nd Saturn Awards and won eight including Best Science Fiction Film , Best Director and Best Special Effects . The film received seven nominations from the Visual Effects Society , winning four including Outstanding Visual Effects in an Effects Driven Feature Motion Picture . Star Wars : The Force Awakens received eleven nominations at MTV Movie Awards , the most for the ceremony and won three including Movie of the Year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5aadd183c1015b02bbffa242a48c087", "text": "Born to Die Born to Die is the second studio album by American singer and songwriter Lana Del Rey . Her major label debut , it was released on January 27 , 2012 by Interscope Records , Polydor Records and Stranger Records . Del Rey collaborated with producers including Patrik Berger , Jeff Bhasker , Chris Braide , Emile Haynie , Justin Parker , Rick Nowels , Robopop and Al Shux to achieve her desired sound . Their efforts resulted in a primarily baroque pop record , which sees additional influences from alternative hip hop , indie pop and trip hop music . Contemporary music critics gave Born to Die mixed reviews ; some commended its distinctive production , while its repetitiveness and melodramatic tendencies were a recurring complaint . The album debuted at number two on the US Billboard 200 with first-week sales of 77,000 copies ; it was later certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) after moving one million units . Born to Die reached the peak positions on eleven international record charts . After attaining online success after its initial premiere on June 29 , 2011 , `` Video Games '' was released as the lead single from Born to Die on October 17 , 2011 ; it peaked at number ninety-one on the US Billboard Hot 100 . Its follow-up singles `` Born to Die '' , `` Off to the Races '' , `` Blue Jeans '' , `` Summertime Sadness '' , `` National Anthem '' , and `` Dark Paradise '' performed sporadically across Billboard component charts and international record charts . The Cedric Gervais remix of `` Summertime Sadness '' was released on July 11 , 2013 and became Del Rey 's highest-charting single in the United States , reaching number six on the Billboard Hot 100 . Del Rey additionally promoted Born to Die with several televised performances , including a widely criticized appearance on Saturday Night Live . It was reissued on November 9 , 2012 as an expanded version subtitled The Paradise Edition , which was packaged with her third extended play Paradise ( 2012 ) . Born to Die has sold 7,000,000 copies worldwide as of June 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "95194b35264b13ce4c641a37cf05894f", "text": "Gladiators of Rome (2012 film) Gladiators of Rome ( Italian : Gladiatori di Roma ) , also known as Not Born to Be Gladiators and referred to in marketing as Gladiators of Rome 3D , is a 2012 Italian computer-animated comedy film produced by Rainbow CGI and released by Medusa Film . It is directed by Iginio Straffi , and was opened in Italy on October 2012 and was later released across Europe and the Americas . Produced on a budget of $ 45 million , it is one of the most expensive Italian films ever made . The film grossed between $ 10 million and $ 50 million worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85d9df8bd148ebf5bd18a619ff7d678b", "text": "Tower Heist Tower Heist is a 2011 American heist comedy film directed by Brett Ratner and written by Ted Griffin and Jeff Nathanson , based on a story by Bill Collage , Adam Cooper and Griffin . The plot follows Josh Kovaks ( Ben Stiller ) , Charlie Gibbs ( Casey Affleck ) and Enrique Dev ` reaux ( Michael Peña ) , employees of an exclusive apartment building who lose their pensions in the Ponzi scheme of Wall Street businessman Arthur Shaw ( Alan Alda ) . The group enlist the aid of criminal Slide ( Eddie Murphy ) , bankrupt businessman Mr. Fitzhugh ( Matthew Broderick ) and another employee of the apartment building , Odessa ( Gabourey Sidibe ) , to break into Shaw 's apartment and steal back their money while avoiding the FBI agent in charge of his case , Claire Denham ( Téa Leoni ) . Tower Heist began development as early as 2005 , based on an idea by Murphy that would star himself and an all-black cast of comedians as a heist group who rob Trump International Hotel and Tower . As the script developed and changed into an Ocean 's Eleven -- style caper , Murphy left the project . Ratner continued to develop the idea into what would eventually become Tower Heist , with Murphy later rejoining the production . Filming took place entirely in New York City on a budget of $ 75 million ( after tax rebates ) , with several buildings provided by Donald Trump used to represent the eponymous tower . The film score was composed by Christophe Beck and released commercially on November 1 , 2011 . The film received mixed reviews with much of the praise going to the cast , including Broderick , Leoni and Stiller . However , Murphy was repeatedly singled out by critics as the star of the film , with critics feeling that he displayed a welcome return to the comedic style of his early career . Much of the criticism received by the film was focused on the plot , which was considered `` formulaic , '' `` rushed , '' `` dull '' and `` laborious . '' The film was released on November 4 , 2011 and earned $ 152 million worldwide . Prior to release , the film was involved in a controversy over plans by Universal Pictures to release it for home viewing on video on demand to 500,000 Comcast customers , only three weeks after its theatrical debut . Concern over the implementation 's harming ticket sales and inspiring further films to follow suit resulted in several theater chains ' refusal to show the film at all if the plan went ahead , forcing Universal to abandon the idea .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af4800a91aef91711ec5b3a280054d1b", "text": "List of million-selling singles in the United Kingdom A million-selling single is regarded by the Official Charts Company ( OCC ) as one that has sold at least 1 million copies since the start of the UK Singles Chart in November 1952 . As well as a traditional purchase of a physical record , a sale can represent one permanent digital download of a track ( physical singles usually consist of two songs , although both are only included in sales figures for double A sides or where both receive a high level of interest and airplay ) . Both British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) - certified awards ( Silver , Gold and Platinum ) and the weekly charts now include audio streaming but these are not included in the sales figures published by the OCC . Certified awards can also include shipments ( sales to trade ) . The OCC and Music Week regularly announce when a record becomes a million seller . , 167 singles have sold 1 million copies in the UK . Of these , 108 were originally released in the 20th century ( 70 of them selling 1 million before the year 2000 ) and the remainder were released between 2000 and 2014 . The most recently released single to become a million-seller is `` Uptown Funk '' by Mark Ronson featuring Bruno Mars , which was released in December 2014 and passed a million sales ten weeks later in February 2015 . Bing Crosby 's `` White Christmas '' is the earliest release : originally 1942 , although only sales from 1952 onwards are counted . The year in which the most million-sellers were released is 2011 , with twelve ; while a record 36 releases from both the 1990s and the 2010s have sold a million copies . Only two million sellers have failed to reach the top 5 on the UK Singles Chart : Snow Patrol 's `` Chasing Cars '' and Journey 's `` Do n't Stop Believin ' '' , both of which peaked at number 6 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5bfd144319785522649d0769defead99", "text": "Invincible (Michael Jackson album) Invincible is the final studio album by American recording artist Michael Jackson , released on October 30 , 2001 , by Epic Records . Similar to Jackson 's previous material , Invincible explores themes such as love , romance , isolation , media criticism , and social issues . It was his sixth studio album released through Epic label . An extensive and laborious album to make , Jackson started production in 1997 , and did not finish until eight weeks before the album 's October 2001 release . Jackson recorded in over 10 different studios , and the final cost was over thirty million dollars . Combined with twenty five million toward the cost of promoting the album , Invincible is the most expensive album ever made . The album peaked at number one in eleven territories worldwide , including the United States ( with first-week sales of 363,000 units ) , the United Kingdom , Australia , France and Switzerland . Invincible charted within the top ten in six other territories . Upon release , the album received mixed reviews from contemporary music critics . Invincible was one of the best-selling of 2001 , being ranked at # 9 on the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry 's ( IFPI ) Top 50 Global Best Selling Albums for 2001 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "013c1bd5f11aa53dce7d934e80ecb5bc", "text": "2007 in downloadable songs for the Rock Band series The Rock Band series of music video games supports downloadable songs for the Xbox 360 , PlayStation 3 , and Wii versions through the consoles ' respective online services . Users can download songs on a track-by-track basis , with many of the tracks also offered as part of a `` song pack '' or complete album at a discounted rate . These packs are available for the Wii only on Rock Band 3 . Most downloadable songs are playable within every game mode , including the Band World Tour career mode . All downloadable songs released before October 26 , 2010 are cross-compatible between Rock Band , Rock Band 2 and Rock Band 3 , while those after only work with Rock Band 3 . Certain songs deemed `` suitable for all ages '' by Harmonix are also available for use in Lego Rock Band . The Wii version of Rock Band does not support downloadable content , but Rock Band 2 and Rock Band 3 do , with DLC first made available in January 2009 . Songs from the back catalogue of downloadable content were released for the Wii weekly in an effort by Harmonix to provide Wii players with every previously available song . Following the release of Rock Band 4 for the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One , all previously purchased downloadable content for Rock Band 3 and earlier is forward compatible ( with the exception of any downloadable content purchased for The Beatles : Rock Band ) within the same system family at no additional cost . 32 downloadable Rock Band songs were released in 2007 , 15 of which appeared alongside the launch of Rock Band on November 20 , including song packs for Queens of the Stone Age , Metallica , and The Police .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "461328bec1605bfd70838de9bc3e96a0", "text": "Matt Sorum Matthew William `` Matt '' Sorum ( born November 19 , 1960 ) is an American drummer and percussionist . He is best known as both a former member of the hard rock band Guns N ' Roses , with whom he recorded three studio albums , and as a member of the supergroup Velvet Revolver . Sorum is currently a member of the touring project , Kings of Chaos , and is a former member of both The Cult and Y Kant Tori Read . Sorum was also a member of Guns N ' Roses side-projects , Slash 's Snakepit and Neurotic Outsiders , and released a solo album , Hollywood Zen , in 2004 . After performing on synthpop band Y Kant Tori Read 's sole album , Sorum joined The Cult in 1989 to tour in support of their fourth studio album , Sonic Temple ( 1989 ) . During the tour , Sorum was spotted by Guns N ' Roses guitarist Slash and subsequently replaced their drummer Steven Adler in 1990 . Remaining in the band for seven years , Sorum recorded the albums , Use Your Illusion I ( 1991 ) , Use Your Illusion II ( 1991 ) , and `` The Spaghetti Incident ? '' ( 1993 ) , before departing in 1997 following an argument with Axl Rose . In 2001 , Sorum rejoined The Cult to perform on their reunion album , Beyond Good and Evil ( 2001 ) , and its subsequent tour and subsequently co-founded the hard rock supergroup Velvet Revolver , alongside former Guns N ' Roses bandmates , Slash and Duff McKagan . The band , which also included guitarist Dave Kushner and Stone Temple Pilots frontman Scott Weiland , released two successful studio albums , Contraband ( 2004 ) and Libertad ( 2007 ) , before entering an extended hiatus following Weiland 's departure . Sorum has been a permanent member of hard rock cover band Camp Freddy since 2003 , alongside Jane 's Addiction members Dave Navarro and Chris Chaney , and assisted in hosting its radio show and podcast on Indie 103.1 . In 2012 , Sorum founded a touring project , entitled Kings of Chaos , featuring members of Guns N ' Roses , Deep Purple , Def Leppard , Aerosmith , ZZ Top , Cheap Trick and Slipknot . In 2012 , Sorum was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Guns N ' Roses .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "935f5c504c65abc27219357374ead869", "text": "World Domination Tour World Domination Tour was a worldwide concert tour in 1999 and 2000 headlined by Slipknot in support of their first studio album Slipknot . It was their first major headlining tour .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5034a6f9e7bc9dde828eed076e222bb", "text": "Marilyn Manson discography American industrial metal band Marilyn Manson has released nine studio albums , one live album , one compilation album , two EPs , twenty-four singles , nine promo singles , five DVDs , and thirty-four music videos . After forming in 1989 and signing a contract with Nothing Records and Interscope in 1993 , the band released their first studio album , Portrait of an American Family ( 1994 ) . Although initially not a commercial success , the album would eventually be certified gold by the RIAA for shipments in excess of 500,000 copies . Spurred by their hit single -- a version of the Eurythmics 's `` Sweet Dreams ( Are Made of This ) '' -- the band 's first EP , Smells Like Children ( 1995 ) , became a commercial success , selling over a million copies in the US alone . In 1996 , the band released their second studio album , Antichrist Superstar , which reached No. 3 on the Billboard 200 and has sold over 1.9 million copies in the US . The album went on to sell over 7 million copies worldwide , and was supported by the release of 1997 's Remix & Repent EP . Their third studio album , Mechanical Animals ( 1998 ) , was a commercial and critical success , reaching No. 1 on the Billboard 200 , as well topping the charts in as Australia and Canada . Mechanical Animals was later followed by their first live album , The Last Tour on Earth ( 1999 ) , which included the promotional single `` Astonishing Panorama of the Endtimes '' . In 2000 , the band released Holy Wood ( In the Shadow of the Valley of Death ) , which managed to sell more than 9 million copies worldwide . Their fifth studio album , The Golden Age of Grotesque ( 2003 ) , was a modest commercial success in their native US , debuting at No. 1 with sales of 118,000 copies . As of November 2008 , the album has sold 526,000 copies in the US . In contrast , the album was , by far , Manson 's most successful internationally , peaking within the top five in most of the major European markets . Their sixth album , Eat Me , Drink Me , was released in 2007 and debuted at No. 8 on the Billboard 200 . The High End of Low ( 2009 ) , reached No. 4 on both the US and Canadian album charts , but was their last album released by Interscope . After signing a deal with Cooking Vinyl , the band released Born Villain in 2012 . Their ninth studio album , The Pale Emperor , was released on January 20 , 2015 , debuting at No. 8 in the US with their highest first week sales since Eat Me , Drink Me in 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d47bf32af378c9e24ccf57efc01505b", "text": "Trainwreck (band) Trainwreck were an American rock band , formed in Los Angeles in 2002 . The group featured JR Reed on lead vocals , Kyle Gass on acoustic guitar , John Konesky on electric guitar and John Spiker on bass . The band 's line-up originally featured Kevin Weisman on drums and Chris D'Arienzo on the keyboards up until 2005 . Nate Rothacker became the second drummer for Trainwreck in 2005 . The band released one studio album , one live album , two EPs and one single before splitting up in 2010 . The band were best known for their association with Tenacious D due to the vast majority of members also having some form of role in Tenacious D. Jack Black would occasionally appear as a guest at some Trainwreck concerts . Trainwreck performed under their `` alter-egos '' with different clothing and talking with country accents to represent their southern style of music , for example Kyle Gass became `` Klip Calhoun '' . Reed was well known for performing with obscure instruments during sets such as a washerboard and whistles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d75eb94d47b428d99f3a24103faa638a", "text": "Lateralus Lateralus ( -LSB- ˌlætəˈræləs -RSB- ) is the third studio album by American rock band Tool . It was released on May 15 , 2001 through Volcano Entertainment . The album was recorded at Cello Studios in Hollywood and The Hook , Big Empty Space , and The Lodge , in North Hollywood , between October 2000 and January 2001 . David Bottrill , who had produced the band 's two previous releases Ænima and Salival , produced the album along with the band . On August 23 , 2005 , Lateralus was released as a limited edition two-picture-disc vinyl LP in a holographic gatefold package . The album debuted at No. 1 on the Billboard 200 chart , selling more than 555,200 copies in its first week of release . It was certified double platinum by the RIAA on August 5 , 2003 . On August 30 , 2004 , the album was certified silver by the BPI . It was also certified platinum in Australia , and double platinum in Canada . The band won the Grammy Award for Best Metal Performance for the song `` Schism '' in 2002 . Lateralus was ranked No. 123 on the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame 's `` Definitive 200 '' list .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "704786c98668b6136401b43c0f84400f", "text": "Transplants (band) The Transplants are an American punk rock/rap rock supergroup . They formed in 1999 when Tim Armstrong ( of the bands Rancid and Operation Ivy ) played his friend and roadie Rob Aston some beats he had made using Pro Tools and asked Aston if he would consider contributing lyrics . Initially , Armstrong played all the instruments himself but as the project grew , he invited musician friends such as Matt Freeman ( Rancid ) , Lars Frederiksen ( Rancid ) , and Vic Ruggiero ( The Slackers ) to add to the sound . Before long , Armstrong and Aston decided to officially form a band , but to make things complete , they wanted a drummer , so Travis Barker from Blink-182 was asked to join in 2002 . After the release of their first album , The Transplants briefly disbanded in 2003 , due to all members being involved in their own projects , including Rancid and Blink-182 . Then in 2004 , they reunited to record their second album ( Haunted Cities ) before going on hiatus again until 2010 when the band has started to record new material . This new material was released as In a Warzone in 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "019c6b7c2184255413dc3c7095e912d7", "text": "Blink-182 Blink-182 ( often stylized as blink-182 ; pronounced `` blink one eighty two '' ) is an American rock band formed in Poway , California in 1992 . The band currently consists of bassist and vocalist Mark Hoppus , drummer Travis Barker , and guitarist and vocalist Matt Skiba . Founded by guitarist and vocalist Tom DeLonge , bassist and vocalist Mark Hoppus and drummer Scott Raynor , the band emerged from the Southern California punk scene of the early 1990s and first gained notoriety for high-energy live shows and irreverent lyrical toilet humor . Blink-182 was initially known as Blink until an Irish band of the same name threatened legal action ; in response , the band appended the meaningless number '' -182 '' . In its early years , Blink-182 toured heavily behind the band 's debut , Cheshire Cat ( 1995 ) . The group signed with major label MCA Records to co-distribute its second album , Dude Ranch ( 1997 ) . Raynor was fired midway through a 1998 tour and replaced by Barker . The group 's next two releases , Enema of the State ( 1999 ) and Take Off Your Pants and Jacket ( 2001 ) , were enormous successes on the strength of radio and MTV airplay . The eponymously titled Blink-182 followed in 2003 and marked a stylistic shift for the group . DeLonge quit in 2005 , sending the band into what was termed an `` indefinite hiatus '' . They reunited in 2009 , producing the trio 's sixth album , Neighborhoods ( 2011 ) . In 2015 , DeLonge again exited and was replaced by Alkaline Trio guitarist and vocalist Matt Skiba . The band 's seventh studio album , California , was released on July 1 , 2016 . Blink-182 is considered a key group in the development of pop punk ; the band 's combination of pop melodies with fast-paced punk rock featured a more radio-friendly accessibility than prior bands . The trio has sold over thirteen million albums in the United States , and over 50 million albums worldwide . In 2011 , The New York Times asserted , `` no punk band of the 1990s has been more influential than Blink-182 , '' and even as the band receded after its 2005 split , `` its sound and style could be heard in the muscular pop punk of Fall Out Boy or in the current wave of high-gloss Warped Tour punk bands , like All Time Low and The Maine . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bc7ab45de773ffec66082e35e3e7b9de", "text": "Black Tusk (band) Black Tusk ( often written as Blacktusk ) is an American heavy metal power trio from Savannah , Georgia . The band was formed in 2005 , when its members were all living on the same street . With the dissolution of Andrew Fidler 's ( guitar , vocals ) and Jonathan Athon 's ( bass , vocals ) crust punk band and James May 's ( drums , vocals ) street punk band , Andrew and Athon went down the street to James ' house and asked him if he wanted to play with them . During the next few days they jammed continuously , and within a few months they had recorded the EP When Kingdoms Fall , which was released on Wrecked Signal . Two years later the band self-released their first full-length studio album , The Fallen Kingdom , followed by another a year later with Passage Through Purgatory , released through the local label Hyperrealist Records . In 2009 , Black Tusk released a series of split albums with bands such as ASG , The Holy Mountain , and Fight Amp , before sign to Relapse Records in November . The band released its debut for Relapse , Taste the Sin , in May 2010 . Black Tusk is mostly associated with Baroness and Kylesa , for their shared hometown of Savannah , as well as for their sludge metal sound . The band is linked to Baroness ' guitarist and vocalist John Dyer Baizley , who is also a painter and creates all of Black Tusk 's artwork . Black Tusk 's members describe their music as `` swamp metal , '' a term that has been described by Allmusic as `` the murkiest , dirtiest sludge to come out of Savannah since Kylesa '' . The term is a reference to the climate of Savannah in relation to the music that the band create . Reviewing the album , Taste the Sin , Pitchfork Media stated that the band 's blend of hardcore punk and stoner metal `` works to capitalize on the immediacy of its chosen genres and not to bend them into obscurity . '' Black Tusk acknowledges its punk rock origins , but prefer not to cite a list of bands that influence them because they feel that it is ineffective since they are not `` trying to emulate any one band 's style or any one genre 's sound . '' On November 9 , 2014 , band member Jonathan Athon died due to injuries sustained from a motorcycle accident . He was placed in a medically-induced coma and , per his wishes , was pulled from life support after it was determined that he had irreparable brain damage . On December 10 , 2014 , the band confirmed they would be touring with Black Label Society in early 2015 , with Corey Barhorst filling in on bass duties , as well as confirmed they finished the recording of their next album prior to the death of Jonathan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "437b729ac618a17d0cb5206d9fb038c6", "text": "Möngöl Hörde Möngöl Hörde is an English hardcore punk band formed in 2012 . The group features Frank Turner on vocals , Ben Dawson on drums and Matt Nasir on guitar . Turner and Dawson are both former members of hardcore punk outfit Million Dead . Frank Turner is now best known for his solo folk-punk material , and Matt Nasir is part of his backing band , The Sleeping Souls . Lyrically , Möngöl Hörde is not as serious as Frank Turner 's other projects , with Turner stating , `` Lyrically it 's very different from what I do now , it 's kind of depraved . The first song we wrote is about Natalie Portman 's tapeworm using her as a glove puppet to lead an uprising in Hollywood . We 're writing a whole pile of new songs and we 're going to do some live dates soon . '' The band made their live débuts at free shows in London and Leeds in the two days before the band played on the Lock Up Stage at Reading and Leeds Festival . Their self-titled debut album was released on 26 May 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f0d44bb5426ec909d29c030e822064ba", "text": "Pro-Pain Pro-Pain is a New York-based heavy metal/hardcore punk band formed in 1991 by vocalist and bassist Gary Meskil and drummer Dan Richardson , both former members of Crumbsuckers . Their debut album Foul Taste of Freedom was released in 1992 , displaying hardcore punk and rap metal influences , after which the band was signed to Roadrunner Records , who reissued the album the following year . Their second album The Truth Hurts was initially banned due to the sleeve artwork , featuring a picture of a stitched-up woman after an autopsy . The band has released several more albums with a varying line-up over the years . The self-produced album Act of God saw the band signed to Nuclear Blast Records after they had relocated to Sarasota . The same label released Round 6 in 2000 and the live album Road Rage in 2001 . In 2004 they released their first album for Candlelight Records , Fistful of Hate . Tom Klimchuck left the band in 2011 due to `` unexpected circumstances regarding some potentially serious health issues . '' He has since been replaced by Adam Phillips of Indorphine .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b86a9d74ba90743cae0dd5a2a67cf3b4", "text": "Mayhem Festival The Mayhem Festival was a touring heavy metal festival that took place during the summer . The inaugural season took place in 2008 ; the festival has since become an annual event across the United States . Most years also include a single date in either Montreal or Toronto , Canada . The tour has been sponsored by the Rockstar Energy Company since the time of its inception . It was assembled by Vans Warped Tour founder Kevin Lyman , and by John Reese ( who was Lyman 's partner on the Taste of Chaos tour ) . On August 2 , 2015 , Reese confirmed that the 2015 festival would be the last one .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0bd168272f271e2c5806041024655bb9", "text": "Stockholm Syndrome (band) Stockholm Syndrome is an American rock music band formed in Athens , Georgia , as a collaboration between Dave Schools of Widespread Panic and Jerry Joseph of Jerry Joseph and the Jackmormons . The two enlisted Los Angeles drummer Wally Ingram ( Jackson Browne and Sheryl Crow ) , San Francisco guitarist Eric McFadden ( who had previously worked with Keb ' Mo ' , Primus , Les Claypool , and the P Funk All Stars ) , and German keyboardist Danny Dziuk . Dziuk however , has since been replaced on tour by Gov ' t Mule keyboardist Danny Louis . Originally intended as a one-time studio side-project for the musicians , the band released an album in 2004 , Holy Happy Hour , and then went on a nationwide tour in support of the album . The band has toured intermittently since then and on February 16 , 2010 they released a live EP , `` Stockholm Syndrome Live at Streetlight Records , '' which was recorded during an in-store performance at Streetlight Records in Santa Cruz in September 2009 . The band has said that they have gotten another full-length album ready for release . As the band allows audience members to tape their shows , many of their concert recordings can be found at the Internet Archive . The band 's second album , Apollo , was released on February 15 , 2011 . Schools and Joseph wrote the songs after sitting on a porch looking at redwood trees in California . The band recorded in '' a converted chicken coop '' to achieve `` a low-fi garage -LSB- sound -RSB- '' . From the recording sessions , they produced a two-track vinyl record to sell at concerts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d31e561d1484951bd8bb1de7db67be7", "text": "Red and Black Attack Red And Black Attack was the second release from the Hollywood-based rock band The Icarus Line . The EP was recorded and released very quickly after their debut 7-inch , Highlypuncturingnoisetestingyourabilitytohate on Hellcat Records . The EP was released on New American Dream . This was the band 's first release to appear on CD , as well as New American Dream 's debut release . The vinyl version was pressed by Slowgun Records on clear `` wine '' colored vinyl 7-inches . New American Dream also released the band 's split 7-inch picture disc with Ink & Dagger , and had actually originally signed Ink & Dagger to release their third , and final album on the label . However , after a car crash involving the label 's owner and members of Ink & Dagger , who were on their way to visit The Icarus Line during a rehearsal , the label soon fell apart . The resulting fiasco was the prime reason The Icarus Line did n't record their debut album in 1999 , as originally intended , and ended up signing instead with Crank ! Records . Coincidentally , Ink & Dagger , who had also signed to the label for the release of their third and last album , ended up having Buddyhead release it instead . Other bands on the short-lived label included Discount ( band ) and Kind Of Like Spitting . The label 's folding , resulted in this release being out of print for many years , and a highly sought after collectable . The EP was named as a reference to the band 's visual style , which involved dressing in black with red neckties . This look was abandoned years later , after a number of other bands had started dressing similarly . Some of these bands went on to much greater mainstream success . So , as not to look like the `` copycats '' themselves , this attire was then `` retired '' by The Icarus Line . This release also coincided with yet another of the band 's recurring problems of finding a suitable , and permanent drummer . This is why there is no drummer pictured on the cover of this release , something which confused people for quite some time . At the time of the EP 's release , John Guerra ( F-Minus , Black Fag ) was filling the position . Soon after , the band recruited their fourth drummer , Mike Felix ( Toys That Kill , Ex-Fork ) . As an homage to their former band 's drummer , Tim Childs , The Icarus Line included snippets he had recorded while playing drums at home , very briefly before his death . These were the last known recordings of Tim playing drums . The song `` Separate The Sounds '' , was also quite obviously written about Tim , and his abrupt passing . These home recordings were spliced together during mastering by Blag Dahlia , the singer of The Dwarves .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "31650548a32e5b4a88e5de4d686f9b67", "text": "Black Metal (Venom album) Black Metal is the second album by English heavy metal band Venom . It was released in November 1982 , during the great flourishing of metal music in the UK that was the new wave of British heavy metal , and is considered a major influence on the thrash metal , death metal and black metal scenes that emerged in the 1980s and early 1990s . Although lending its name to the latter subgenre of heavy metal , today it is still debated if the album 's music is thrash metal or black metal . AllMusic has described it as `` extreme metal '' , while Moynihan & Søderlind in their book affirm that the album `` carved in stone some of -LSB- black metal 's -RSB- essential features '' . Nevertheless , its lyrics and imagery were a major influence on the early Norwegian black metal scene . The cover art was made by the band 's bassist and singer Conrad `` Cronos '' Lant .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0876e1ddb169ddb71c049f0eba02b85", "text": "Rollercoaster Tour The Rollercoaster Tour was a 1992 co-headlining concert tour by the English Britpop band Blur , the American indie rock band Dinosaur Jr. , the Irish alternative rock band My Bloody Valentine and the Scottish noise pop band the Jesus and Mary Chain . A one-leg 11-date tour of the United Kingdom , the tour was in support of all four bands ' current releases : Blur 's debut album Leisure ( 1991 ) , Dinosaur Jr. s fourth album Green Mind ( 1991 ) , My Bloody Valentine 's second album Loveless ( 1991 ) and The Jesus and Mary Chain 's fourth album Honey 's Dead ( 1992 ) . The tour was curated by the Jesus and Mary Chain 's vocalist Jim Reid , who `` wanted to break the routine '' of performing in small , frequently played venues -- such as Nottinghams Rock City -- and `` cater to all strands of independent rock music '' . Reid was inspired by , and considered the Rollercoaster Tour a British equivalent to , the North American festival Lollapalooza , which the Jesus and Mary Chain performed at in 1991 and which he considered `` fairly disastrous '' . Each band performed a 45-minute set with no encore and the line-up changed each night of the tour , although the Jesus and Mary Chain performed as the final act on all 11 dates . My Bloody Valentine ceased live performances in the UK after the tour and did not play again until their 2008 reunion tour . The band 's set , which ended with a noise section of their song `` You Made Me Realise '' referred to as the `` holocaust section '' , reportedly caused attendees ' pint glasses to fall out of their hands due to excessive sound pressure levels . Reflecting on the tour , Jim Reid referred to it as `` a lot -LSB- like a -RSB- competition -- who could be the loudest ? Whose was the best film show ? And then there was , who could be most off their tits and still play a show ? '' The Rollercoaster EP , containing material from Blur , My Bloody Valentine , Dinosaur Jr. and the Jesus and Mary Chain , was issued in Melody Maker in March 1992 to promote the tour .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e1dc039c6d63155516badc65bc9c3df4", "text": "Corrosion of Conformity Corrosion of Conformity ( also known as C.O.C. ) is an American heavy metal band from Raleigh , North Carolina formed in 1982 . For almost the majority of its existence , the band has consisted of guitarist Woody Weatherman , bassist Mike Dean ( who left in 1987 but rejoined six years later ) , drummer Reed Mullin ( who left in 2001 but rejoined nine years later ) and vocalist and rhythm guitarist Pepper Keenan ( who joined the band in 1989 ) . After a hiatus in 2006 , Corrosion of Conformity returned in 2010 without Keenan , who had been busy touring and recording with Down , but announced their reunion with him in December 2014 . Corrosion of Conformity started as a hardcore punk band but later moved towards a slower and blues-tinged heavy metal sound . To date , the band has released nine studio albums , four EPs , one compilation , and one live album . Their first three studio albums -- Eye for an Eye ( 1984 ) , Animosity ( 1985 ) and Blind ( 1991 ) -- attracted the attention of Columbia Records , who signed the band in 1993 . Corrosion of Conformity found success with the release of their 1994 fourth studio album , Deliverance , which peaked at number 155 on the Billboard 200 and spawned the hits `` Albatross '' and `` Clean My Wounds '' . Their 1996 follow-up Wiseblood was also successful , and became Corrosion of Conformity 's highest-charting album in the United States , peaking at number 104 on the Billboard 200 . Their latest album , IX , was released on July 1 , 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b7dffbdac08c5f20d3a52f82695f9a7", "text": "Christ Illusion Christ Illusion is the tenth studio album by the American thrash metal band Slayer . Released on August 8 , 2006 , the album received generally favorable critical reviews , and it entered the Billboard 200 at number 5 -- the band 's second highest U.S. chart position . Christ Illusion includes the Grammy Award-winning songs `` Eyes of the Insane '' and `` Final Six '' , and is the band 's first studio album to feature original drummer Dave Lombardo since Seasons in the Abyss ( 1990 ) . It is also the first time since Divine Intervention that they recorded songs in D # tuning . The songs `` Jihad '' , `` Flesh Storm '' , `` Catalyst '' and `` Consfearacy '' were recorded in D # tuning , while the songs `` Catatonic '' , `` Eyes of the Insane '' , `` Skeleton Christ '' , `` Supremist '' , and `` Final Six '' ( bonus track ) were recorded in Drop B tuning . The songs `` Black Serenade '' and `` Cult '' were recorded in C# tuning . Depicting a mutilated Christ painted by longtime collaborator Larry Carroll , the album 's graphic artwork courted controversy . An alternative cover was issued to conservative retailers who felt uncomfortable with the original . The band also put out a censored cover which censored out the offensive artwork . Lyrics , particularly in the song `` Jihad '' , describe the September 11 attacks from the perspective of a terrorist . Following protests , all Indian stocks of the album were recalled and destroyed by EMI India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6436645311be1d5ae70ed9a75eafd893", "text": "Kent (band) Kent was a Swedish rock band that formed in Eskilstuna , Sweden in 1990 . With members Joakim Berg , Martin Sköld , Sami Sirviö and Markus Mustonen , the band has had numerous radio hits throughout Sweden and Scandinavia and consecutive number-one studio albums on the Sweden top list ( Sverigetopplistan ) beginning with the release of Verkligen ( 1996 ) and led by the single `` Kräm ( så nära får ingen gå ) '' . With origins rooted in distorted rock , they found mainstream success through their alternative rock albums of the mid-1990s , 2000s and 2010s , the latter decades during which they adopted elements of synthpop . With eleven number-one albums , five number-one singles , 23 Swedish Grammy Awards , and over 3 million record sales , Kent is considered the most popular rock/pop group within Sweden and throughout Scandinavia . Vapen & ammunition ( 2002 ) topped the Swedish charts for 95 weeks . Kent is often compared to bands like U2 , Coldplay and Depeche Mode . Because Kent 's songs are primarily performed in Swedish , they are unfamiliar to most English-speaking audiences . Kent briefly attempted an international career with English versions of the albums Isola ( 1997 ) and Hagnesta Hill ( 1999 ) and an accompanying American tour for the former , but stopped after finding less success than they had in Scandinavia . Joakim Berg , the lead singer and lyricist , says `` there are two kinds of lyrics I write . One kind is based in places and the other is based in feelings . You move between those two whether you want to or not . '' `` VinterNoll2 '' is an unlockable track in Career Mode on Guitar Hero World Tour . They have their own SingStar called SingStar Kent released on PlayStation 2 and 3 . The band announced on March 16 , 2016 that they would release their final album , titled Då som nu för alltid , after 26 years of performing . The album was released on May 20 , 2016 . The band 's announcement noted that the dissolution of the band is voluntary and is despite their continued success . Kent 's final concert was held at Tele2 Arena in Stockholm on 17 December 2016 , ending a months-long farewell tour that covered Sweden , Norway , Finland , and Denmark .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "14c6b8e973ec633b16a54b65b0c2c208", "text": "Liquid Tension Experiment (album) Liquid Tension Experiment is the self-titled first studio album by instrumental rock/progressive metal supergroup Liquid Tension Experiment , released on March 10 , 1998 through Magna Carta Records . The group was composed of Dream Theater bandmembers John Petrucci , Jordan Rudess and Mike Portnoy , as well as bassist Tony Levin . Track six , `` Chris and Kevin 's Excellent Adventure '' , is named after the photo sessions for the album in which the photographer kept calling Portnoy `` Chris '' and Levin `` Kevin '' , whilst `` Three Minute Warning '' refers to Levin 's frustration with his bandmates ' insistence on composing rather than spontaneous jamming , and thus his ultimatum to leave the studio within three minutes unless they started to jam . In addition , the album 's back cover includes a disclaimer regarding the length of tracks 9-13 ; * Caution : `` Three Minute Warning '' is not for the musically faint-hearted , impatient , or critics of extreme self-indulgence . If you fall into any of the above categories , please hit the stop button on your CD player after track # 8 . Additionally `` State of Grace '' samples from Maoz Tzur ( Rock of Ages ) , an Ancient Jewish song typically sung around Hanukkah .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "206a0b0ed45c1cb55be69c0328fefd4d", "text": "Dream Theater (album) Dream Theater is the twelfth studio album by American progressive metal band Dream Theater , released through Roadrunner Records on September 23 , 2013 in Europe and a day later in the United States . The album was written , recorded , mixed , and mastered between January and May 2013 at Cove City Sound Studios in Long Island , New York , the same studio as the band 's previous album , A Dramatic Turn of Events ( 2011 ) . The band made Dream Theater a self-titled album to emphasize that they were moving forward in their career and to make it a reference point for fans . The album 's songs are shorter on average than most Dream Theater songs , with the exception of the 20-minute closer `` Illumination Theory '' . Strings for the album were arranged by Eren Başbuğ , a Berklee College of Music student . Dream Theater moved 34,000 units in the United States in its debut week , charting at number seven and becoming the band 's second highest charting album behind 2009 's Black Clouds & Silver Linings . For its lead single , `` The Enemy Inside '' , the band received their second consecutive Grammy nomination in the Best Hard Rock/Metal Performance category . In early 2014 , Dream Theater toured Europe and America in support of the album and recorded their performance at the Boston Opera House for a live release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "62c7e63702aa33408544f1906183c72c", "text": "Enthroned Enthroned is a black metal band formed in Charleroi in 1993 by Cernunnos . He soon recruited guitarist Tsebaoth and a vocalist from grindcore/black metal band Hecate who stayed until the end of December 1993 . Then bassist/vocalist Sabathan joined . The band released a five-track demo tape in mid-1994 which brought them to the attention of several independent labels . A 7-inch split EP with Ancient Rites was then released by the underground label Afterdark Records . After the label 's demise , Evil Alliance Records ( a sub-label of Osmose Productions ) released Enthroned 's first full-length release , Prophecies of Pagan Fire . Shortly thereafter , the band enlisted second guitarist Nornagest . Eventually , Tseboath was replaced by Nebiros . In 1996 , along with Ancient Rites and Bewitched , Enthroned began an extensive tour of Europe . In April 1997 , as Enthroned was to begin recording Towards the Skullthrone of Satan , Cernunnos hanged himself . Enthroned recorded the album with a session drummer in honor of Cernunnos and performed at the Dragons Blaze festival with newly acquired drummer Namroth Blackthorn . In April 1998 , the band toured the European continent with Dark Funeral and also released the mini CD Regie Axese , which was dedicated to their former drummer Cernunnos . Later that year , they toured again with labelmates Hecate Enthroned and Usurper . At the close of 1998 , the band entered Abyss Studios ( Sweden ) to record The Apocalypse Manifesto . The band 's third album was released in May 1999 and dealt with the biblical concept of the Apocalypse as interpreted by a Norse mythological perspective . Enthroned rounded off the 20th Century on tour with Marduk and continued to tour in Europe . In 2000 , the band parted ways with Nebiros and recruited Nerath Daemon as their new guitarist , went on a German mini tour followed by several other European shows and recorded Armoured Bestial Hell at Real Sound Studio ( Germany ) . This fourth album was released in April 2001 . Namroth Blackthorn was replaced by Alsvid from the French black metal band Seth . Enthroned continued to play many live gigs in and around Europe , as well as in the US . In early 2002 , Enthroned signed to Napalm Records releasing their fifth full-length recording , Carnage in Worlds Beyond , later that year . In June 2003 , Nguaroth ( guitars ) and Glaurung ( drums ) joined Enthroned , which played a South American tour and released their sixth album , XES Haereticum . In 2005 , Enthroned released their first official live album , Black Goat Ritual , recorded during their tour of Brazil . Enthroned parted ways with longtime vocalist Sabathan , at which time Nornagest took over the vocals and Phorgath joined the band on bass . In June 2007 , Enthroned recorded their seventh album Tetra Karcist , seeing the return of old drummer Alsvid for the studio sessions . Ahephahim joined as the new official drummer in June 2007 and Enthroned signed with Regain Records in January 2008 . At this time , some members of the band opened a recording studio , Blackout Multimedia . In the meantime , Ahephaim and Nguaroth left the band due to lack of time and were replaced by ex-Gorgoroth drummer Garghuf . Nerath Daemon took back the position he left five years ago in Enthroned , changing his name to Neraath . Enthroned 's eight album , Pentagrammaton , was released on 22 March 2010 . Since then , Nornagest has given up playing guitar in live performances , due to chronic tendonitis in his wrist , and has instead become the band 's frontman . Former members Lord Sabathan and Nguaroth joined the band for a one-off live performance in 2010 as an act of reconciliation . In September 2011 , Enthroned announce that their collaboration with Regain Records has ended while the band was busy recording their ninth studio album .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "8c315ca88aee004acf8909bc798e6339", "text": "Overwatch (video game) Overwatch is a team-based online multiplayer first-person shooter video game developed and published by Blizzard Entertainment . It was released in May 2016 for Windows , PlayStation 4 , and Xbox One . Overwatch assigns players into two teams of six , with each player selecting one of 24 pre-defined characters , called heroes , each with unique movement , attributes , and abilities , whose roles are divided into four categories : Offense , Defense , Tank , and Support . Players on a team work together to secure and defend control points on a map or escort a payload across the map in a limited amount of time . Players gain cosmetic rewards that do not affect gameplay , such as character skins and victory poses , as they play the game . The game was initially launched with casual play , with a competitive ranked mode , various ` arcade ' game modes , and a player-customizable server browser subsequently included following its release . Additionally , Blizzard has developed and added new characters , maps , and game modes post-release , while stating that all Overwatch updates will remain free , with the only additional cost to players being microtransactions to earn additional cosmetic rewards . Overwatch is Blizzard 's fourth major franchise and came about following the 2014 cancellation of the ambitious massively multiplayer online role-playing game Titan . A portion of the Titan team came up with the concept of Overwatch , based on the success of team-based first-person shooters like Team Fortress 2 and the growing popularity of multiplayer online battle arenas , creating a hero-based shooter that emphasized teamwork . Some elements of Overwatch borrow assets and concepts from the canceled Titan project . After establishing the narrative of an optimistic near-future Earth setting after a global crisis , the developers aimed to create a diverse cast of heroes that spanned genders and ethnicities as part of this setting . Significant time was spent adjusting the balance of the characters , making sure that new players would still be able to have fun while skilled players would present each other with a challenge . Overwatch was unveiled at BlizzCon 2014 in a fully playable state and was in a closed beta from late 2015 through early 2016 . An open beta in May 2016 drew in more than 9.7 million players . The release of the game was promoted with short animated videos to introduce the game 's narrative and each of the characters . Upon official release , Overwatch received universal acclaim from critics , who praised the game for its accessibility , diverse appeal of its hero characters , bright cartoonish art style , and enjoyable gameplay . Considered one of the best games released in 2016 , the game received numerous accolades , including being awarded Game of the Year at The Game Awards , D.I.C.E. Awards , and Game Developers Choice Awards , as well as from numerous publications . Since its release , Overwatch has become recognized as an eSport , where in addition to sponsoring tournaments , Blizzard has announced plans to help support professional league play starting in 2017 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "7901ed056ffdb74d6debf58a2f5805ec", "text": "European Go players The board game of Go was created in East Asia , and is still dominated by Japan , Korea and China . However , since the late 1900s several high-level players have grown and become active in Europe . Some of them are players from Asia who came to promote the game of go in Europe . Mainly , though , the players were born in Europe , sometimes with strong support from Asian Go professionals , and a few of the Europeans have themselves become professional players . In general , every country in Europe has its own national federation or association , which is affiliated to the European Go Federation ( EGF ) , and each national body manages the activities linked to the game of go in their own country . The activities are almost exclusively undertaken by volunteers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b97ea2d2e46a1714fa41f08975d97ba", "text": "Go ranks and ratings Skill in the traditional board game Go is measured by a number of different national , regional and online ranking and rating systems . Traditionally , go rankings have been measured using a system of dan and kyu ranks . Especially in amateur play , these ranks facilitate the handicapping system , with a difference of one rank roughly corresponding to one free move at the beginning of the game . This system is also commonly used in many oriental martial arts , where it often corresponds with a belt color . With the ready availability of calculators and computers , rating systems have been introduced . In such systems , a rating is rigorously calculated on the basis of game results .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f5cc884c33d51de27c086f4cfc7833a", "text": "Bartle taxonomy of player types The Bartle taxonomy of player types is a classification of video game players ( gamers ) based on a 1996 paper by Richard Bartle according to their preferred actions within the game . The classification originally described players of multiplayer online games ( including MUDs and MMORPGs ) , though now it also refers to players of single-player video games . The taxonomy is based on a character theory . This character theory consists of four characters : Achievers , Explorers , Socializers , and Killers . These are imagined according to a quadrant model where the X axis represents preference for interacting with other players vs. exploring the world and the Y axis represents preference for interaction vs. unilateral action . A test known as Bartle Test of Gamer Psychology based on Bartle 's taxonomy was created in 1999 -- 2000 by Erwin Andreasen and Brandon Downey , containing a series of questions and an accompanying scoring formula . Although the test has met with some criticism for the dichotomous nature of its question-asking method , as of October 2011 , it had been taken over 800,000 times . The result of the Bartle Test is the `` Bartle Quotient '' , which is calculated based on the answers to a series of 30 random questions in the test , and totals 200 % across all categories , with no single category exceeding 100 % . For example , a person may score `` 100 % Killer , 50 % Socializer , 40 % Achiever , 10 % Explorer '' , which indicates a player who prefers fighting other players relative to any other area of interest . Scores are typically abbreviated by the first letter of each category , in order of the quotient . In the previous example , this result would be described as a `` KSAE '' result .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55fbafec685f5678c16daae264c54671", "text": "Skin gambling In video games , skin gambling is the use of virtual goods , which are most commonly cosmetic elements such as `` skins '' which have no direct influence on gameplay , as virtual currency to bet on the outcome of professional matches or on other games of chance . It primarily has occurred within the player community for the game Counter-Strike : Global Offensive by Valve Corporation , but practice of it exists in other game communities . Valve also runs the Steam marketplace which can be interfaced by third-parties to enable trading , buying , and selling of skins from players ' Steam inventories for real-world or digital currency , though Valve itself condones the gambling practices . Valve added random skin rewards as part of an update to Counter-Strike : Global Offensive in 2013 , believing that players would use these to trade with other players and bolster both the player community and its Steam marketplace . A number of websites were created to bypass monetary restrictions Valve set on the Steam marketplace to aid in high-value trading and allowing users to receive cash value for skins . Some of these sites subsequently added the ability to gamble on the results of professional matches or in games of chance with these skins , which in 2016 was estimated to handle around $ 5 billion of the virtual goods . These sites , along with Valve and various video game streamers , have come under scrutiny due to ethical and legal questions relating to gambling on sporting matches , underage gambling , undisclosed promotion , and outcome rigging . Evidence of such unethical practices was discovered in June 2016 , and led to two formal lawsuits filed against these sites and Valve in the following month . Valve subsequently has taken steps to stop such sites from using Steam 's interface for enabling gambling , leading to about half of these sites to close down , while driving more of the skin gambling into an underground economy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65d28c5973354e3828725d1152a42ae9", "text": "All-America This article is about the concept in sports teams . For similarly-named articles , see All American . An All-America team is a hypothetical American sports team composed of outstanding amateur players . These players are broadly considered by media and other relevant commentators as the best players in a particular sport , of a specific season , for each team position . Such athletes at the high school and college level are given the honorific title and typically referred to as `` All-American athletes '' or simply `` All-Americans '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2442919c15283120b7770493d2b082a4", "text": "List of Game of the Year awards Game of the Year ( abbreviated GotY ) is a title awarded by various gaming publications to a deserving game . Many publications award a single `` Game of the Year '' to a single title that they feel represents the pinnacle of gaming achievement that year . Many games will release a `` Game of the Year '' edition after winning any of these awards , usually containing all the updates , downloadable content ( DLC ) and occasionally other extras such as a soundtrack .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f197a5e1830a42fa4ce7422e42ebdd5", "text": "Multiplayer online game A multiplayer online game is a multiplayer video game which can be played via a game server over the internet , with other players around the world . Some prominent examples of this include fighting games ( e.g. Street Fighter IV and Tekken 6 ) , sports games ( e.g. NHL 14 and Grid Autosport ) , older online games ( e.g. Sega Meganet titles ) , first-person shooters ( Battlefield 2 , BZFlag , Call of Duty , Counter-Strike , Quake 3 , Resistance 3 and Unreal Tournament ) , a subgenre of shooter games called hero shooter ( Battleborn , Overwatch and Paladins ) , strategy video games ( e.g. Warcraft 3 and StarCraft or II ) and a subgenre of strategy games called multiplayer online battle arena ( e.g. Defense of the Ancients , League of Legends , Dota 2 and Heroes of the Storm ) . These games differ from massively multiplayer online game ( MMO ) in that they do not create a persistent world , but create a playing arena for the purpose of a single game or round . In other words , they rely on a game listen server used only for that round , and there can be numerous servers all around the world . MMO games on the other hand , rely on dedicated servers , as these games must be running continuously .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1b918912ceb79858f9aba95f26fcc8e6", "text": "OpTic Gaming OpTic Gaming , LLC. , also known as the The Green Wall , is a professional American eSports team and competitive gaming company specializing in the FPS genre . OpTic currently has teams playing Call of Duty , Halo , Counter-Strike : Global Offensive , and Gears of War . It was founded in 2006 by Ryan `` OpTic J '' Musselman and `` OpTic KR3W '' . The company is owned by Hector `` H3CZ '' Rodriguez . OpTic Gaming are two time X Games champions , winning in 2014 and 2015 respectively . On 3 December 2015 , OpTic Gaming won the Best eSports Team of the Year at The Game Awards 2015 . The organization holds many rivalries most notably eClasico with Team EnVyUs and The War with FaZe Clan .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a099e2021aedfb00a38b6931a110a41", "text": "Draft (sports) A draft is a process used in some countries and sports to allocate certain players to teams . In a draft , teams take turns selecting from a pool of eligible players . When a team selects a player , the team receives exclusive rights to sign that player to a contract , and no other team in the league may sign the player . The best-known type of draft is the entry draft , which is used to allocate players who have recently become eligible to play in a league . Depending on the sport , the players may come from college , high school or junior teams or teams in other countries . An entry draft is intended to prevent expensive bidding wars for young talent and to ensure that no one team can sign contracts with all of the best young players and make the league uncompetitive . To encourage parity , teams that do poorly in the previous season usually get to choose first in the postseason draft , sometimes with a `` lottery '' factor to discourage teams from deliberately losing . Other types of drafts include the expansion draft , in which a new team selects players from other teams in the league ; and the dispersal draft , in which a league 's surviving teams select players from the roster of a newly defunct franchise . Drafts are usually permitted under anti-trust or restraint of trade laws because they are included in collective bargaining agreements between leagues and labor unions representing players . These agreements generally stipulate that after a certain number of seasons , a player whose contract has expired becomes a free agent and can sign with any team . They also require minimum and sometimes maximum salaries for newly drafted players . National Football League President Joseph Carr instituted a draft in 1935 as a way to restrain teams ' payrolls and reduce the dominance of the league 's perennial contenders . It was adopted by the precursor of the National Basketball Association in 1947 ; by the National Hockey League in 1963 ; and by Major League Baseball in 1965 , although draft systems had been used in baseball since the 19th century . Drafts are uncommon outside the U.S. and Canada , and most professional football clubs obtain young players through transfers from smaller clubs or by developing youth players through their own academies . The youth system is operated directly by the teams themselves , who develop their players from childhood . Parity in these leagues is instead maintained through promotion and relegation , which automatically expels the weakest teams from a league in exchange for the strongest teams in the next lower league . The result is a drastically different endgame for poor teams : a North American sports team may see the opportunity to get better through the draft after a poor season , but a European club will instead be relegated down to a league with less money and prestige , potentially exacerbating the problems .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c246a8b946943b6a5cb78dd48acd1b93", "text": "Pokémon notice is a media franchise managed by The Pokémon Company , a Japanese consortium between Nintendo , Game Freak , and Creatures . The franchise copyright is shared by all three companies , but Nintendo is the sole owner of the trademark . The franchise was created by Satoshi Tajiri in 1995 , and is centered on fictional creatures called `` Pokémon '' , which humans , known as Pokémon Trainers , catch and train to battle each other for sport . The franchise began as a pair of video games for the original Game Boy that were developed by Game Freak and published by Nintendo . It now spans video games , trading card games , animated television shows and movies , comic books , and toys . Pokémon is the second best-selling video game franchise , behind only Nintendo 's Mario franchise and the highest-grossing media franchise of all time . The franchise is also represented in other Nintendo media , such as the Super Smash Bros. series . Cumulative sales of the video games ( including home console games , such as Hey You , Pikachu ! for the Nintendo 64 ) have reached more than 290 million copies . In November 2005 , 4Kids Entertainment , which had managed the non-game related licensing of Pokémon , announced that it had agreed not to renew the Pokémon representation agreement . The Pokémon Company International ( formerly Pokémon USA Inc. ) , a subsidiary of Japan 's Pokémon Co. , oversees all Pokémon licensing outside of Asia . As of May 2016 , the Pokémon franchise has grossed revenues of ¥ 6.0 trillion worldwide ( equivalent to US$ 50.4 billion ) . The franchise celebrated its tenth anniversary in 2006 . 2016 marks the 20th anniversary of the release of the original games , with the company celebrating by airing an ad during Super Bowl 50 , issuing re-releases of Pokémon Red , Blue , and Yellow , and completely redesigning the way the newest games are played . The mobile augmented reality game Pokémon Go was released in July 2016 . The first seventh-generation games Pokémon Sun and Moon were released worldwide on November 18 , 2016 . A live-action film adaptation based on Great Detective Pikachu is planned to start production in 2017 . The English slogan for the franchise is `` Got ta Catch 'Em All '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f2aee977d56bd3506d6c0cdbdd9adf2", "text": "Golf instruction Golf instruction is the art of equipping and training golfers to play better golf through improved awareness of swing cause and effects as a result of the actions by their body , the club , and their effect on the golf ball . Most great golfers have a few common elements that make them great including : proper intentionality , swing repeatability to produce an action that fits the golfers intentionality , and a strong level of automaticity for long lasting enjoyment of the game golf . Golf instruction is unique as golf consists of five primary skills : shots from a tee ( most notable : driving that uses a driver ) , full shots from the ground ( mostly known as `` iron shots '' , pitching ( or 3/4 shots designed for distance control , chipping ( short shots around the green the require less than a full swing ) , putting ( 1 club preferably `` the putter '' ) and course strategy or gamesmanship . Proficiency in teaching golf instruction requires not only technical and physical ability , but also knowledge of the rules and etiquette of the game . Golf instruction offered on many platforms in the United States including : the PGA of America , GolfTEC , and independent golfers who `` may '' or `` may not '' have credentials that are recognized by credible teachers certified sources such as the PGA of America . Although there are many great golf instructors in the United States , who are PGA Class A Professionals , not all great instructors carry this status nor find it a major determiner of golf instruction proficiency . Golf Instruction can be wide ranging , but many great modern day instructors are able to diagnose and prescribe swing frustrations accurately and present a clear fix that encourages the golfer in the discovery of lasting repeatability from the specific ailment that `` plagued '' them from a sound repeatable swing to play a golf course successfully ( varying terms of success as a golfer ) Many modern instructors include the following in their diagnosis 1 . visual feedback through video and bio motion analysis 2 . personalized golf club fitting for individual body and swing types 3 . on-course play under real conditions 4 . mental performance development 5 . golf specific body conditioning for optimal golf bio-mechanics Beginning players can start lesson in several ways , but most do so in either a group or individual setting , covering the five primary skills of golf as noted above golf swing . Golf is an asymmetrical exercise that can break body balances , requiring also adequate exercises to keep the balance in muscles . Experienced recreational players often return for instruction , either to fix a specific problem they are encountering or to improve their game . Reconstruction of a golf swing to reach a high level of play often involves series of lessons over an extended period of time . Junior golfers often begin receiving instruction by age 10 or younger , and often retain private teachers even when coached on a high school golf team . Some top instructors who work with professional golfers have become quite well known in their own right over the years , including Harvey Penick , Jack Grout , Dick Harmon , David Leadbetter , Butch Harmon , Hank Haney , Chip Thomson , Sean Foley , and Mike Bennett and Andy Plummer . Some of the teachers maintain teaching facilities or schools where they or their disciples use their methods or systems . A few instructors focus solely on a particular aspect of the sport , such as Dave Pelz with the short game . Some famous golfers have been tightly bound with their instructor , such as Jack Nicklaus with Jack Grout , while in other cases golfers have made high-profile switches from one instructor to another , such as Tiger Woods moving from Butch Harmon to various other instructors . Recreational golfers are constantly seeking tips on how to improve , and the major golf publications such as Golf Magazine and Golf Digest devote substantial portions of their pages to instructional material of various kinds , often written by top-level instructors . Even television broadcasts of professional golf tournaments often contain short instructional segments , delivered by commentators who are also instructors such as Peter Kostis . Golf instruction may be augmented by training aids such as specially weighting or jointed clubs , putting cups for practice on the den room carpet , mini practice tees with feedback for use in garages , et cetera . Some training aids are sold via television infomercials and the more peculiar varieties were satirized in the 1996 film Tin Cup . Golf instruction is no guarantee of success or improved play in the game . Bad mechanics can be deeply ingrained in a subject 's swing , and psychological factors can also hinder progress . The 2009 Golf Channel program The Haney Project : Charles Barkley showcased some of these issues , as Hank Haney attempted to fix former NBA great Charles Barkley 's infamously bad swing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d84a314d5858449ea1671815afeb2ae3", "text": "3v3 Soccer 3v3 Soccer is a variety of soccer played between two teams . Each team may only have 3 players on the field at a time ( hence providing the name , `` 3 v 3 '' , `` 3 versus 3 '' , or `` 3 on 3 '' ) . This style of soccer is more commonly referred to as a `` small-sided '' game , as compared to a full game with larger teams . The field used is smaller than a regulation soccer pitch , instead it typically is 30 yards wide by 40 yards long , although these dimensions vary quite a bit when the game is played indoors due to the varied styles and sizes of indoor pitches . It uses a much smaller goal than fullsided soccer . In most 3v3 there is no keeper , although one variant , 3v3 Micro Soccer , does use a keeper . `` 3v3 Soccer '' is claimed to be the fastest growing form of soccer in the World . Its greatest popularity is in the United States , where hundreds , and perhaps thousands of Tournaments take place each year , however it is also now begun to catch on in many other countries . Nike helped to popularize it with its international Joga3 Joga Bonito Tour back in 2006 , in which teams qualified at local events around the World , culminating in a big 3v3 World Cup played in Brazil . It is a much faster paced , and higher scoring game than traditional full sided soccer . The speed of the attack , the use of triangulation , and the strategies bring aspects of Hockey into the game . The quick shift from one end of the field to the other after a goal is scored , or upon loss of possession is reminiscent of Basketball . It requires the blending of individual skills with teamwork . Its gain in popularity is largely because every member of the team gets equal playing time , and equal touches on the ball . All players on the field are a part of the play . Because of the speed of the game , and the fact that players are constantly in motion , there are frequent substitutions . A typical player may be rotated on six times or more in one game . There are no permanently assigned positions as there are in full sided soccer , giving each team member equal status and equal importance . This helps to develop individual skills . Currently there are Four major tours in the United States , Colorado based Kick it 3v3 Soccer http://www.kickit3v3.com/ with their World Championship 's held at the ESPN Wide World Of Sports Complex in Florida , Utah based 3v3 Live , Florida based Challenge3v3 and 3v3 World Tour , a 3v3 soccer tour that offers a 3v3 ranking system . There is also a new California based US 3v3 Soccer is promoting 3v3 soccer throughout California and the West . Canada also finally has its own home grown tour attempting to promote 3v3 there . Ontario based Ultimate 3 on 3 Soccer is the first Canadian based 3v3 Soccer Tour .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4998a0c2539a98c180654e422c59ba8d", "text": "100 Thieves One Hundred Thieves , is a professional American eSports team , founded by Matthew `` Nadeshot '' Haag on April 18 , 2016 . Upon establishment , 100 Thieves signed the Call of Duty team KingPapey in the middle of the Call of Duty World League Relegation Season 1 , after they eliminated Call of Duty veterans ; Team Kaliber . The team currently only competes in Call of Duty . The team captain is Patrick `` ACHES '' Price . On May 18 , 2016 Nelson left 100 Thieves , calling out the team 's lackluster performance . However , he rejoined the team on May 23 , 2016 after the team released Johnny and Examples , bringing on Remy to the roster . The entire roster was released on July 7 , 2016 after a last place finish in the Call of Duty World League Season 2 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b14b2920e4401c45831c189eb90b67a9", "text": "Daily fantasy sports Daily fantasy sports ( DFS ) are a subset of fantasy sport games . As with traditional fantasy sports games , players compete against others by building a team of professional athletes from a particular league or competition while remaining under a salary cap , and earn points based on the actual statistical performance of the players in real-world competitions . Daily fantasy sports are an accelerated variant of traditional fantasy sports that are conducted over short-term periods , such as a week or single day of competition , as opposed to those that are played across an entire season . Daily fantasy sports are typically structured in the form of paid competitions typically referred to as a `` contest '' ; winners receive a share of a pre-determined pot funded by their entry fees . A portion of entry fee payments go to the provider as rake revenue . In the United States , the daily fantasy sports industry is dominated by two competing services : the New York-based FanDuel , and the Boston-based DraftKings . Both companies were established as venture capital-backed startup companies , received funding from investment firms , sports broadcasters , leagues , and team owners , and became known for the aggressive marketing of their services . As of September 2015 , both companies have an estimated value of at least $ 1 billion , and control 95 % of the U.S. DFS market . The two primarily compete against smaller DFS services , such as Fantasy Aces and Yahoo! Sports . The popularity of the daily fantasy format has been credited to its convenience in comparison to season-length games , as well as the focus on major cash prizes in the promotion of these services . Daily fantasy has also been credited with helping to improve television viewership and engagement with sports . Daily fantasy sports have faced notable legal challenges , including disputes over whether DFS constitutes gambling . Politicians and other critics have argued that due to their format , players are essentially making proposition wagers on the varying performance of individual athletes in specific games , and not managing the performance of their selections on a week-to-week basis . Proponents have defended DFS as being a game of skill , as the required familiarity with the players and teams , as well as salary cap management , rewards skilled players . Local laws have varying definitions of gambling games , such as whether a game 's elements of chance are predominant over those or skill , or how much control the player has over the outcome of the game . In the United States , the legality of DFS has been determined on a state-by-state basis based on local gambling laws and other rulings . The federal Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act ( UIEGA ) contains language dictating that fantasy sports are not considered an unlawful wager under the act ; however , the act only prohibits the electronic transfer of funds from unlawful gambling as defined under state laws . A number of state attorneys general have issued opinions concluding that DFS is a form of illegal gambling , while the state of Nevada declared that DFS games must be licensed as a sports pool . The New York State ruling , which resulted from an investigation of DFS services after it was alleged that employees working for DraftKings and FanDuel had used inside information to win cash prizes from each other , spawned retaliatory lawsuits from the companies which alleged that the rulings were the result of a misinterpretation of the nature of their services . The state has since joined other states , such as Massachusetts and Virginia , in choosing to legalize and regulate DFS rather than prohibit it .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aa540b3bced3277266420672f4d63f29", "text": "StarCraft: Brood War StarCraft : Brood War is the expansion pack for the military science fiction real-time strategy video game StarCraft . Released in 1998 for Microsoft Windows and Mac OS , it was co-developed by Saffire and Blizzard Entertainment . The expansion pack introduces new campaigns , map tilesets , music , extra units for each race , and upgrade advancements . The campaigns continue the story from where the original StarCraft ended , with the sequel StarCraft II : Wings of Liberty continuing from the conclusion of Brood War . The expansion was released in the United States on 30 November 1998 . Brood War was critically well received , with reviewers praising it for being developed with the care of a full game rather than as an uninspired extra . As of 31 May 2007 , StarCraft and Brood War have sold almost ten million copies combined . The game is especially popular in South Korea , where professional players and teams participated in matches , earned sponsorships , and competed in televised matches .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "753b2947764ce2c6c5b10bcf95c1e71a", "text": "World championship A world championship is generally an international sports competition open to elite competitors from across the world , representing their nations , and winning such an event will be considered the highest or near highest achievement in the sport or contest . The title is usually awarded through a combination of specific contests or , less commonly , ranking systems ( e.g. the ICC Test Championship ) , or a combination of the two ( e.g. World Triathlon Championships in Triathlon ) . This determines a ` world champion ' , who or which is commonly considered the best nation , team , individual ( or other entity ) in the world in a particular field , although the vagaries of sport ensure that the competitor recognised at the best in an event is not always the ` world champion ' ( see Underdog ) . Certain sports do not have a world championship . Instead , they may organise a world cup competition , or they may organize both , for example cycling ( UCI World Championships and UCI World Cups ) ) . Often , the use of the term cup or championship in this sense is just a choice of words . Some sports have multiple champions because of multiple organizations , such as boxing , mixed martial arts and wrestling . Certain sports do not have a world championship or a world cup as such , but may have one or several world champions . Professional boxing , for example , has several world champions at different weights , but each one of them is decided by a `` title fight '' , not a tournament . A certain number of sports hold world championships or world cups which are overshadowed , in terms of prestige , by the same events in the Olympic Games , the most prestigious multi-sports event . Still other sports may or may not have a true world championship but may designate the winners of a domestic competition to be `` world champions . '' This is especially true of the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada ; world cups and championships exist in all of the major sports , but the domestic U.S. and Canadian leagues are generally recognized as the world professional championships or the equivalent of a world club championship . ( In American football , although an IFAF World Championship exists , the United States is so far above and beyond the other nations it faces that the winner of the U.S.-based Super Bowl , a competition limited to the 32 teams in the National Football League , is commonly recognized as the world champion . ) Finally , certain professional sports do not have a world championship or world cup , but rather hold a series of events recognised as the elite level in their field ( e.g. tennis has a series of four Grand Slam events recognised as the pinnacle of the game , in addition to key team events , world tour finals and the Olympic Games , but no world championship or world cup ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bfe81724965e80d9b5787c4ce7f82f3c", "text": "Sports betting Sports betting is the activity of predicting sports results and placing a wager on the outcome . The frequency of sports bet upon varies by culture , with the vast majority of bets being placed on association football , American football , basketball , baseball , hockey , mixed martial arts , track cycling , and boxing at both the amateur and professional levels . Sports betting can also extend to non-athletic events , such as reality show contests and political elections , and non-human contests such as horse racing , greyhound racing and illegal , underground dog fighting . Sports bettors place their wagers either legally , through a bookmaker/sportsbook , or illegally through privately run enterprises referred to as `` bookies '' . The term `` book '' being a reference to the books used by wagebrokers to track wagers , payouts , and debts . The majority of legal sportsbooks are found online , operated over the internet from jurisdictions separate from the clients they serve , usually to get around various gambling laws ( such as the Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act of 2006 in the United States ) in select markets , such as Las Vegas , Nevada , or on gambling cruises through self-serve kiosks . They take bets `` up-front '' , meaning the bettor must pay the sportsbook before placing the bet . Illegal bookies , due to the nature of their business , can operate literally anywhere but only require money from losing bettors and do n't require the wagered money up front , creating the possibility of debt to the bookie from the bettor . This creates a number of other criminal elements , thus furthering their illegality . Sportsbetting has resulted in a number of scandals in sport , affecting the integrity of sports events through various acts including point shaving ( players affecting the score by missing shots ) , spot-fixing ( a player action is fixed ) , bad calls from officials at key moments , and overall match fixing ( the overall result of the event is fixed ) . Examples are the 1919 World Series , the alleged ( and later admitted ) illegal gambling of former MLB player Pete Rose , and former NBA referee Tim Donaghy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca3a0b59e2567022a24264ead73abb9e", "text": "Scenario paintball Scenario paintball is a type of paintball game in which players participate in a scenario , or story ; and may include historical re-enactments , futuristic or video game simulations . Games tend to last in the range of hours or days , and may include a large group of players . The largest paintball scenario games are the Skirmish Invasion of Normandy ( ION ) scenario & Oklahoma D-DAY , both of which attract upwards of 4,000 players annually . Scenario games are almost always objective-driven in regard to scoring . Each team must complete a series of missions to score points . These may be simple `` capture the flag at this location '' missions to elaborate missions involving props , multiple locations , interactive non-player characters and more . To further enhance the theme of a game , field locations may be named for important story locations , and props of various sorts are added to the game . These may be objects that players collect for points , or even vehicles that take part in the fighting , like paintball tanks . Players may don costumes specific to the theme , such as historic military uniforms or other costumes . Scenario events are usually planned far in advance , both by the event `` producers '' or fields , and by the players themselves . Players may form large , lasting networks of players and teams that play together year after year in a specific scenario . These organizations help plan game strategy and direct their groups on the field and offer a level of organization beyond the basic two-sided team play . Like all forms of paintball , scenario paintball has a very good per-capita safety record . Due to longer play times , heat-related injuries are one of the more common injuries in scenario paintball . Many players often carry 1 - to 3-liter water bladders , allowing players to drink water without removing their safety masks , to combat heat and dehydration .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8bf3827eb70598dd95733a782b80e7c6", "text": "High roller A high roller , also referred to as a whale , is a gambler who wagers large amounts of money . High rollers often receive lavish `` comps '' from casinos to lure them onto the gambling floors , such as free private jet transfers , limousine use and use of the casinos ' best suites . Casinos may also extend credit to a player to continue betting , offer rebates on betting turnover or losses , and salaries of employees may also contain incentive arrangements to bring in high rollers . The definition of a high roller varies . At Crown Casino in Australia , for example , it involves bringing between A$ 50,000 and $ 75,000 to the table . High roller players often have very high table limits allowing the high roller exclusive use . Casinos compete on bet limits . In Australia limits of A$ 300,000 are common , in Las Vegas they are between US$ 150,000 and $ 300,000 , and in Macau they are up to US$ 500,000 . Only casinos with `` substantial financial firepower '' can accommodate high-stakes gambling due to the `` volatility '' of results . High rollers may also be subject to exceptions from various rules and regulations ; for example the high roller rooms at Crown Casino in Melbourne , Australia are the only licensed venue in the state not subject to a ban on smoking . High rollers are said to provide only a small fraction of casino `` action . '' John Eidsmoe , in his book Legalized Gambling : America 's Bad Bet , claims that it is actually gamblers from the lower and lower-middle classes in the United States that provide much of the gambling money . `` The occasional wealthy ` high roller ' does indeed exist , but he is the exception , not the standard . The fact that more than 50 % of Nevada 's gambling income comes from slot machines as opposed to the card tables should be an indication high rollers are not the main source of revenue . '' One example of a high roller is an Australian man who turned over more than A$ 1.5 billion in a 14-month period from 2005 , becoming `` one of Crown 's largest Australian players but not in the same league as -LSB- its -RSB- top international players '' . There have been many cases around the world where high rollers have committed fraud to provide funds for gambling beyond their means , after becoming seduced by the lifestyle . This was the case with famed gambler Terrance Watanabe who reputedly lost over $ 220M in Las Vegas over a 5-year period , and was ultimately sued by Caesars Entertainment for failing to pay up on markers he took out during the binge totaling $ 14.75 M. While high rollers may not provide a significant portion of the revenues in the casino industry as a whole , they can have a major effect on the net income of casinos that cater to them . There are significant costs associated with attracting the highest stakes gamblers , so if a casino takes this chance and the patron wins , its expenses can be extraordinarily large . But if the casino 's investment pays off and the high roller loses , the casino 's gain can far exceed its expenses for the high roller 's visit .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b1604c93555b9dbbad60a98c82e7b829", "text": "Sports marketing Sports marketing is a subdivision of marketing which focuses both on the promotion of sports events and teams as well as the promotion of other products and services through sporting events and sports teams . It is a service in which the element promoted can be a physical product or a brand name . The goal is to provide the client with strategies to promote the sport or to promote something other than sport through sports . Sport marketing is also designed to meet the needs and wants of the consumer through exchange processes . These strategies follow the traditional four `` P '' 's of general marketing Product , Price , Promotion and Place , another four `` P '' 's are added to sport marketing , relating to the fact sports are considered to be a service . The additional 4 P 's are : Planning , Packaging , Positioning and Perception . The addition of the four extra elements is called the `` sport marketing mix . '' Sports marketing is an element of sports promotion which involves a wide variety of sectors of the sport industry including broadcasting , advertising , social media , digital platforms , ticket sales , and community relations . Sports marketing is divided into three sectors . The first is the advertising of sport and sports associations such as the Olympics , Spanish Football league and the NFL , as well as sport teams like Real Madrid and the New York Yankees . The second concerns the use of sporting events , sporting teams and individual athletes to promote various products . The third category is the promotion of sport to the public in order to increase participation . In the first case , the promotion is directly related to sports . In the second case , the products can but do not have to be directly related to sports . When the promotion is about sports in general , the use of this kind of strategy is called `` Marketing of Sports . '' When the promotion is not about the sports but sports events , athletes , teams or leagues are used to promote different products , the marketing strategy is denominated `` Marketing through sports . '' When the promotion is about increasing participation among the public , it is called `` Grassroots Sports Marketing . '' To promote the products or services , the companies and associations use different channels such as sponsorships of teams or athletes , television or radio advertisement during the different broadcast sports events and celebrations , and/or advertisement on sporting venues . `` Street marketing of sport '' considers sport marketing through billboards on the street and also through urban elements ( street lighters and sidewalks , etc. ) to help promote and gain publicity during major worldwide sporting events such as the Football World Cup , the Olympic Games , or the Super Bowl .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "71f52e9028bca3a7d083d4bc5b94bfb8", "text": "Whoopi Goldberg Caryn Elaine Johnson ( born November 13 , 1955 ) , known professionally as Whoopi Goldberg ( -LSB- ˈwhʊpi -RSB- ) , is an American actress , comedian , author and television host . She has been nominated for 13 Emmy Awards for her work in television and is one of the few entertainers who have won an Emmy Award , a Grammy Award , an Oscar , and a Tony Award . She was the second black woman in the history of the Academy Awards to win an acting Oscar . In the period drama film The Color Purple ( 1985 ) , her breakthrough role was playing Celie , a mistreated black woman in the Deep South , for which she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress . In the romantic fantasy film Ghost ( 1990 ) , Goldberg played Oda Mae Brown , an eccentric psychic who helped a slain man ( Patrick Swayze ) save his lover ( Demi Moore ) , for which she won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress . In 1992 , she starred as a pretend nun in the comedy Sister Act . From 1998 to 2002 , she was co-producer of the television game show Hollywood Squares . Since 2007 , she has been the moderator of the daytime television talk show The View .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "c3ec9d899eca67259ed9f51856f87b4f", "text": "Academy Award for Best Animated Feature The Academy Awards are given each year by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS or the Academy ) for the best films and achievements of the previous year . The Academy Award for Best Animated Feature is given each year for animated films . An animated feature is defined by the Academy as a film with a running time of more than 40 minutes in which characters ' performances are created using a frame-by-frame technique , a significant number of the major characters are animated , and animation figures in no less than 75 percent of the running time . The Academy Award for Best Animated Feature was first given for films made in 2001 . Through the 89th Academy Awards , presented in 2017 , Academy Award nominations in this category were made by the Academy 's animation section ; effective with the 2018 awards , all Academy members will be eligible to vote on nominations . The entire AMPAS membership has been eligible to choose the winner since the award 's inception . If there are sixteen or more films submitted for the category , the winner is voted from a shortlist of five films , which has happened six times , otherwise there will only be three films on the shortlist . Additionally , eight eligible animated features must have been theatrically released in Los Angeles County within the calendar year for this category to be activated . Animated films can be nominated for other categories , but have rarely been so ; Beauty and the Beast ( 1991 ) was the first animated film ever nominated for Best Picture . Up ( 2009 ) and Toy Story 3 ( 2010 ) also received Best Picture nominations after the Academy expanded the number of nominees . Waltz with Bashir ( 2008 ) is the only animated film ever nominated for Best Foreign Language Film ( though it did not receive a nomination for Best Animated Feature ) . The Nightmare Before Christmas ( 1993 ) and Kubo and the Two Strings ( 2016 ) are the only two animated films to ever be nominated for Best Visual Effects .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5349efb37d6a05cec1e9202ce515c28", "text": "List of submissions to the 85th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film This is a list of submissions to the 85th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film . The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) has invited the film industries of various countries to submit their best film for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film every year since the award was created in 1956 . The award is presented annually by the Academy to a feature-length motion picture produced outside the United States that contains primarily non-English dialogue . The Foreign Language Film Award Committee oversees the process and reviews all the submitted films . Nine shortlisted contenders will be revealed a week before the announcement of the Oscar nominations . The submitted motion pictures must be first released theatrically in their respective countries between 1 October 2011 , and 30 September 2012 . On 8 October 2012 , the Academy announced the final list of eligible submissions , with a record number of 71 films . Nine finalists were announced in December 2012 , which were shortlisted in January , with the final five nominees announced on 10 January 2013 . The Austrian entry Amour directed by Michael Haneke was the eventual winner . Kenya submitted its first film in the Foreign Language category with Nairobi Half Life . Cambodia made its first submission in 18 years ( and its second overall ) with Lost Loves .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "418b9346ac7afc57787551180a3ef4a3", "text": "Julius J. Epstein Julius J. Epstein ( August 22 , 1909December 30 , 2000 ) was an American screenwriter , who had a long career , best remembered for his screenplay , written with his twin brother , Philip , and Howard E. Koch , of the film Casablanca ( 1942 ) , for which the writers won an Academy Award . It was adapted from an unpublished play , Everybody Comes to Rick 's , written by Murray Bennett and Joan Alison . His identical twin died in 1952 , a loss that he felt for the rest of his life . He continued writing , receiving two more Oscar nominations . In 1998 , he received a Los Angeles Film Critics Association career achievement award . His credits included Four Daughters ( 1938 ) for which he received his first Oscar nomination , The Bride Came C.O.D. ( 1941 ) , The Man Who Came to Dinner ( 1942 ) , Mr. Skeffington ( 1944 ) , The Tender Trap ( 1955 ) , Light in the Piazza ( 1962 ) , Send Me No Flowers ( 1964 ) , Pete 'n' Tillie ( 1972 ) , and Reuben , Reuben ( 1983 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d3e5ec1cd3f4e7a9b318570c7820b9a", "text": "Black Reel Awards of 2012 The 2012 Black Reel Awards , which annually recognize and celebrate the achievements of black people in feature , independent and television films , took place in Washington , D.C. on February 9 , 2012 . While the film Pariah had the most nominations with nine , The Help was the big winner taking home six out of the seven awards for which it was nominated . Attack the Block and Shame were also multiple winners , with each winning two awards . Octavia Spencer , Viola Davis and Steve McQueen also won two awards apiece .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "216e615ceed26414bedd6beabde5b521", "text": "Cubby Bryant Paul `` Cubby '' Bryant ( born June 1 , 1971 ) is a radio personality , currently working as the morning host at 103.5 WKTU in New York City From 2006-2008 Cubby served as the co-host and sidekick to Whoopi Goldberg on the nationally syndicated morning show Wake Up With Whoopi . Before joining Whoopi Goldberg as co-host of the morning show , Bryant was at crosstown sister station WHTZ serving as their Afternoon Drive Disc Jockey and Music Director . Bryant began his radio career in his hometown of Virginia Beach , VA at WGH-FM ( 97 Star ) in 1988 , there was where he inherited his current radio name Cubby ( a name given to him by WGH DJ 's Tony Macrini and Jeff Moreau ) for being so young ( at the time 16 ) and in radio . It was a take off of Alabama football coach Paul `` Bear '' Bryant ( no relation ) . Then , Bryant joined 104.1 KRBE in Houston , TX as Night Host and Music Director from 1990-1996 . In 1996 , Bryant began his tenure at WHTZ ( Z100 ) in New York City as Afternoon Drive Host and Music Director . In 2000 , Bryant went around the world with the group Backstreet Boys to promote the release of Black & Blue , the boys traveled around the world in 100 hours to Sweden , Japan , Australia , South Africa , Brazil , and the US ; 55 of the hours were spent traveling and 45 were spent making public appearances . In mid-2006 , Bryant announced he would be leaving WHTZ after a ten-year run with the station to co-host Wake Up With Whoopi . WKTU cancelled Wake Up With Whoopi in November 2007 . In January 2008 , Bryant left Wake Up With Whoopi , still airing in syndication in a few markets , to return to WKTU , this time as the station 's solo morning host . Bryant is a resident of East Brunswick , NJ after moving from New York , NY . He was born and raised in Virginia Beach , Virginia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1fd7d2c11cfdb1fa682d89e56489c1f6", "text": "A Knight in Camelot A Knight in Camelot is a 1998 television film starring Whoopi Goldberg and Michael York . It was directed by Roger Young , distributed by Disney and is loosely based on Mark Twain 's A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur 's Court .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c90d8d450d48b4f16327bda8441a62a4", "text": "National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actress The National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actress is one of the annual awards given by the National Society of Film Critics . This awards was given for the first time in 1967 to Marjorie Rhodes for her role in The Family Way . Meryl Streep won this award three times ( record ) : in 1978 for The Deer Hunter , in 1979 for Kramer vs. Kramer , for Manhattan and for The Seduction of Joe Tynan and in 2006 for The Devil Wears Prada and for A Prairie Home Companion . Anjelica Huston ( 1985 and 1989 ) , Dianne Wiest ( 1986 and 1994 ) , Patricia Clarkson ( 2002 and 2003 ) and Amy Adams ( 2005 and 2012 ) each won the award two times . In 2009 , Mo'Nique became the first African-American to win in this category for her performance in Precious .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb2600832a8a97147111f4517a8fb164", "text": "8th Academy Awards The 8th Academy Awards were held on March 5 , 1936 , at the Biltmore Hotel in Los Angeles , California . They were hosted by Frank Capra . This was the first year in which the gold statuettes were called `` Oscars '' . The category of Best Dance Direction was introduced this year . The DGA successfully lobbied for its elimination three years later . Mutiny on the Bounty became the last film to date to win Best Picture and nothing else ( following The Broadway Melody and Grand Hotel ) , and the only film to receive three nominations for Best Actor . This was the second and last year that write-in votes were allowed at the Oscars . A Midsummer Night 's Dream became the only film to win a write-in Oscar , taking Best Cinematography .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c52d51109c9c5bdf380ddb395113505", "text": "29th Golden Globe Awards The 29th Golden Globe Awards , honoring the best in film and television for 1971 films , were held on February 6 , 1972 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb6da3ade65f4b41ad2c6afb050947a9", "text": "15th Academy Awards The 15th Academy Awards was held in the Cocoanut Grove at The Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles . Best Picture honors went to the film Mrs. Miniver . The ceremony is most famous for the speech by the film 's Oscar-winning actress Greer Garson . Garson 's acceptance speech as Best Actress ran nearly 6 minutes and is generally considered to be the longest acceptance speech at an Academy Awards ceremony . Mrs. Miniver was the second film ( after My Man Godfrey in 1936 ) to receive nominations in all four acting categories , as well as the first film to garner five acting nominations . Also notable at the ceremony , Irving Berlin presented the Academy Award for Best Song , which he ended up winning for `` White Christmas '' . Best Documentary had four winners , something that has not happened before or since . A portion of the ceremony was broadcast by CBS Radio .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c45f4f5334cadaf1d57b672a7bed1c9a", "text": "Grammy Award for Video of the Year The Grammy Award for Video of the Year was an honor presented to recording artists at the 24th Grammy Awards in 1982 and the 25th Grammy Awards in 1983 for music videos . The Grammy Awards , an annual ceremony that was established in 1958 and originally called the Gramophone Awards , are presented by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States to `` honor artistic achievement , technical proficiency and overall excellence in the recording industry , without regard to album sales or chart position '' . First presented in 1982 to Michael Nesmith for Elephant Parts , the award was reserved for quality `` video cassettes or discs in any format created specifically for the home video market '' . In 1983 , Olivia Newton-John was presented the award for Olivia Physical . Beginning with the 1984 Grammy Awards , the Video of the Year award category was replaced with the categories Best Video , Short Form and Best Video Album ( now known as Best Music Video and Best Music Film , respectively ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "752227b3b7a63d61f5f2d679802fae77", "text": "Golden Boot Awards The Golden Boot Awards is an American acknowledgment of achievement honoring actors , actresses , and crew members who have made significant contributions to the genre of Western television and movies . The award is sponsored and presented by the Motion Picture & Television Fund . Money raised at the award banquet is used to help finance various services offered by the Fund to those in the entertainment industry . Actor Pat Buttram conceived the idea of the Golden Boot Award , and the first ones were presented in 1983 . The awards appear to have been discontinued since 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "def0aedff5557d0ee35128535de300bd", "text": "American Film Institute The American Film Institute ( AFI ) is an American film organization that educates filmmakers and honors the heritage of the motion picture arts in the United States . AFI is supported by private funding and public membership .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "30ed311ac956a1028dfddf2d661d693a", "text": "Oscar season The Oscar season is the time period in which Hollywood studios release their more critically acclaimed films , hoping to win at the Academy Awards . Oscar season usually begins in the late-fall and early-winter , around November , and ends on December 31st of that year . although the date in which the summer blockbuster season ends and the Oscar season begins are ambiguous , and dependent on the year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce37dbcc323b056860ac87e7f3c05e02", "text": "Orion Pictures Orion Pictures Corporation is an American motion picture producer and distributor that produced and released films from 1978 until 1999 , and was also involved in television production and syndication throughout the 1980s until the early 1990s . It was formed in 1978 as a joint venture between Warner Bros. and three former top-level executives of United Artists . Although it was never a large motion picture producer , Orion achieved a comparatively high reputation for Hollywood quality . Woody Allen , James Cameron , Jonathan Demme , Oliver Stone , and several other prominent directors worked with Orion during its most successful years from 1978 to 1992 . Of the films distributed by Orion , four won Academy Awards for Best Picture : Amadeus ( 1984 ) , Platoon ( 1986 ) , Dances with Wolves ( 1990 ) , and The Silence of the Lambs ( 1991 ) . Two other Orion films , Hannah and Her Sisters ( 1986 ) and Mississippi Burning ( 1988 ) , were nominated for that same category . In 2013 , Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer revived the Orion name for television ; a year later Orion Pictures was quietly relaunched by the studio .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "92148a39cdb695da63a7350c7facae1e", "text": "Election (1999 film) Election is a 1999 American black comedy-drama film directed and written by Alexander Payne and adapted by him and Jim Taylor from Tom Perrotta 's 1998 novel of the same title . The plot revolves around a high school election and satirizes both suburban high school life and politics . The film stars Matthew Broderick as Jim McAllister , a popular high school social studies teacher in suburban Omaha , Nebraska , and Reese Witherspoon as Tracy Flick , around the time of the school 's student body election . When Tracy qualifies to run for class president , McAllister believes she does not deserve the title and tries his best to stop her from winning . Although a box office bomb , Election received critical acclaim . The film received an Academy Award nomination for Best Adapted Screenplay , a Golden Globe nomination for Witherspoon in the Best Actress category , and the Independent Spirit Award for Best Film in 1999 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2fd364136cc43319c427dd5db6893544", "text": "64th Golden Globe Awards 64thGolden Globe Awards January 15 , 2007 Picture -- Drama : Babel Picture -- Musical or Comedy : Dreamgirls TV Series -- Drama : Grey 's Anatomy TV Series -- Musical or Comedy : Ugly Betty The 64th Annual Golden Globe Awards were aired on January 15 , 2007 . Some key dates announced by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association are : The ceremony was broadcast live on NBC . Indicating the impact that animated films have had on the film industry , the Hollywood Foreign Press Association announced in early 2006 that a Golden Globe would be awarded for the Best Animated Feature for the first time at this award ceremony . Dreamgirls won the most awards , with 3 ( including Best Motion Picture -- Musical or Comedy ) . Babel , received the most nominations , with 7 ( only winning 1 , for Best Motion Picture -- Drama ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1445773c08da50707979a85167e4edf4", "text": "Houston Film Critics Society Awards 2010 The 4th Houston Film Critics Society Awards were presented on December 18 , 2010 . These awards for `` extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Houston Film Critics Society ( HFCS ) based in Houston , Texas . The organization , founded in 2007 , includes 22 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications in the greater Houston area . The awards are co-sponsored by the Houston Film Commission , Southwest Alternate Media Project , Women in Film and Television/Houston , WorldFest , and the Houston Cinema Arts Society . The nominations for the 2010 awards were announced on December 12 , 2010 . Eligible films do not need to have played or opened in a Houston film theater prior to the nomination deadline , merely made available to the HFCS membership at a screening or on DVD . Along with the 13 `` best of '' category awards , this year also saw the introduction of a new category for `` Worst Movies of the Year '' . The Social Network , True Grit , and 127 Hours each received six nominations , all including the Best Picture , Actor , Direction , and Original Score categories . The Social Network was the HFCS 's most awarded film of 2010 taking top honors in the Best Picture , Best Director ( David Fincher ) , Best Actor ( Jesse Eisenberg ) , and Best Screenplay ( Aaron Sorkin ) categories . Inception was the only other film to garner multiple awards , winning both the Best Original Score ( Hans Zimmer ) and Best Cinematography ( Wally Pfister ) prizes . The other acting awards went to Natalie Portman as Best Actress for Black Swan , Hailee Steinfeld as Best Supporting Actress for True Grit , and Christian Bale as Best Supporting Actor for The Fighter . The remaining film honors went to Toy Story 3 as Best Animated Film , Restrepo as Best Documentary , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo as Best Foreign Language Film . `` We Are Sex Bob-Omb '' by Beck from Scott Pilgrim vs. the World was named the Best Original Song . The HFCS 's first-ever award for `` Worst Picture '' was given to Jonah Hex starring Josh Brolin . In addition to the category awards , the HFCS presented their annual Lifetime Achievement Award to Sissy Spacek and its Humanitarian Award to George Clooney . Clooney was selected for `` selflessly using his celebrity for greater good '' . The HFCS award for Outstanding Achievement in Cinema awards were presented to Charles Dove , director of the Rice University Media Center , and Hector Luna , the founder and editor of C-47 Houston .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2de615d218764aca1039ae71fbcd70db", "text": "20th Satellite Awards The 20th Satellite Awards is an award ceremony honoring the year 's outstanding performers , films , and television shows , presented by the International Press Academy . It took place on February 21 , 2016 . The nominations were announced on December 1 , 2015 . The film The Martian leads all nominees with nine , including Best Film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ae12dec699977fffdbf310bd1fd62a7", "text": "Producers Guild of America Award for Best Animated Motion Picture The Producers Guild of America Award for Outstanding Producer of Animated Theatrical Motion Pictures is an award annually given since 2005 . Of all the 12 films awarded , 8 have gone on to win the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "9b3f90379ece3d1992f4a7894fe80f6b", "text": "How I Met Your Mother (season 9) The ninth and final season of How I Met Your Mother , an American sitcom created by Carter Bays and Craig Thomas , premiered on CBS on September 23 , 2013 , with two episodes , and concluded on March 31 , 2014 . The show was renewed for the final season on December 21 , 2012 , after cast member Jason Segel changed his decision to leave the show after Season 8 . Cristin Milioti , who was revealed as `` The Mother '' in the Season 8 finale , was promoted to a series regular , the only time How I Met Your Mother added a new regular cast member . Season 9 consists of 24 episodes , each running approximately 22 minutes in length . Taking place immediately after where the previous season left off , Season 9 covers the events of a single weekend that lead up to Barney ( Neil Patrick Harris ) and Robin 's ( Cobie Smulders ) wedding . During the course of the weekend , `` The Mother '' ( Milioti ) is separately introduced to Robin , Barney , Lily ( Alyson Hannigan ) , and Marshall ( Jason Segel ) , before finally meeting Ted ( Josh Radnor ) . The season also features frequent flashbacks and flashforwards in order to fully integrate The Mother 's character with the rest of the cast . Thomas said in an interview that Season 9 is like `` the Wild West -- anything can happen '' . In February 2013 , Bays and Thomas teased that Season 9 is `` going to be a new way to tell the story '' . The initial reaction to the new storytelling structure of Season 9 was mixed . Ethan Anderton from Screen Rant was concerned about how `` 24 episodes of television are going to be crafted from just three days of time '' , and Alan Sepinwall of HitFix was exasperated that after eight seasons , `` They are really going to stretch Robin and Barney 's wedding weekend out over the entire final season '' , though he expressed more optimism after the San Diego Comic-Con panel for the final season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "22722150be8c427ed8d33f37d6f98263", "text": "How I Met Your Mother How I Met Your Mother ( often abbreviated to HIMYM ) is an American sitcom that originally aired on CBS from September 19 , 2005 to March 31 , 2014 . The series follows the main character , Ted Mosby , and his group of friends in Manhattan . As a framing device , Ted , in the year 2030 , recounts to his son and daughter the events that led him to meeting their mother . The series was created by Craig Thomas and Carter Bays , who also served as the show 's executive producers and were frequent writers . The series was loosely inspired by their friendship when they both lived in New York City . Among the 208 episodes , there were only four directors : Pamela Fryman ( 196 episodes ) , Rob Greenberg ( 7 episodes ) , Michael Shea ( 4 episodes ) , and Neil Patrick Harris ( 1 episode ) . Known for its unique structure and eccentric humor , How I Met Your Mother has gained a cult following over the years . The show initially received positive reviews , while the later seasons received more mixed reviews . The show was nominated for 28 Emmy Awards , winning nine . In 2010 , Alyson Hannigan won the People 's Choice Award for Favorite TV Comedy Actress . In 2012 , seven years after its premiere , the series won the People 's Choice Award for Favorite Network TV Comedy , and Neil Patrick Harris won the award for Favorite TV Comedy Actor . The ninth and final season began airing on September 23 , 2013 , and concluded on March 31 , 2014 , with a double-length finale episode , which received polarized reviews from critics and fans alike for its controversial twist ending , as many critics and fans believed it contradicted many of the previous episodes . How I Met Your Mother is often compared to Friends , for its setting and characters . Both shows take place in New York and both casts have similar character archetypes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "34b32df42479e1bc201563b1eed96eda", "text": "That '80s Show That '80s Show is an American sitcom that aired from January through May 2002 . Despite having a similar name , show structure , and many of the same writers and production staff , it is not considered a direct-sequel of the more successful That '70s Show . The characters and story lines from both shows never crossed paths . Although the main character , Corey Howard ( Glenn Howerton ) , is designed as Eric Forman 's ( Topher Grace ) cousin , the show itself was a separate decade-based show created because of That '70s Show '' 's popularity at the time . The show was set in 1984 and revolved around the lives of a group of friends living in San Diego , California . It debuted January 23 , 2002 , and the final episode aired May 29 , 2002 . Its regular time slot was on Wednesday nights at 8:00 / 7:00 Central on the Fox Network , although a few shows were aired on different nights . Its main time slot competitors were ABC 's My Wife and Kids , CBS 's 60 Minutes II , and NBC 's Ed '' . All 13 episodes , which were filmed at CBS Studio Center , aired at least once .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "495a1b186e57d9806ec7af47499f9504", "text": "The Window (How I Met Your Mother) `` The Window '' is the tenth episode of the fifth season of the CBS situation comedy How I Met Your Mother and 98th episode overall . It aired on Monday , December 7 , 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "76c0e754564babd4bbf9ccb4bca49662", "text": "List of Saved by the Bell episodes The following is a list of episodes for the NBC teen sitcom , Saved by the Bell . The series premiered on August 20 , 1989 and ended on May 22 , 1993 with 86 episodes produced spanning four seasons . The number of episodes was increased for syndication , adding re-purposed episodes of Good Morning , Miss Bliss ( excluding the pilot ) , the follow-up series Saved by the Bell : The College Years , and the TV movies Saved by the Bell : Hawaiian Style and Saved by the Bell : Wedding in Las Vegas ( broken into four episodes each ) . The total number of syndicated episodes is 126 , though the number aired varies by broadcaster . The storyline follows Zack Morris through junior high , high school and college , to his eventual marriage to Kelly Kapowski . The related series Saved by the Bell : The New Class maintains a separate storyline . The actual order is confused by the fact that DVD sets are in a different order than the air dates ( the DVDs are broken into 5 seasons instead of 4 ) . Note : Episode numbers in parentheses represent the order in the original series before extra episodes were added for syndication .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2761c48265c66d75e96a4964388d2421", "text": "No Tomorrow (How I Met Your Mother) `` No Tomorrow '' is the 12th episode in the third season of the television series How I Met Your Mother and 56th overall . It originally aired on March 17 , 2008 . It was the first episode to air after the 2007 -- 2008 Writers Guild of America strike concluded .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b4bb227e0df2c0fdb24b9f4a09c2f4d9", "text": "List of The Mysteries of Laura episodes The Mysteries of Laura is an American police procedural comedy-drama television series developed by Jeff Rake and executive-produced Greg Berlanti and McG . The series premiered on September 17 , 2014 , on NBC . The Mysteries of Laura stars Debra Messing in the lead role of Detective Laura Diamond , a New York City homicide detective who balances her day job with off-duty hours as a single mother of two unruly sons . On May 8 , 2015 , The Mysteries of Laura was renewed for a second season of 13 episodes , which premiered on September 23 , 2015 . On November 9 , 2015 , NBC ordered three additional episodes for the second season . On May 14 , 2016 , NBC canceled the show after two seasons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9c9c0be3cf109f3221cef0eae97f005", "text": "Mom (season 3) The third season of the television comedy series Mom began airing on November 5 , 2015 , on CBS in the United States . The season is produced by Chuck Lorre Productions and Warner Bros. . Television , with series creators Chuck Lorre , Eddie Gorodetsky and Gemma Baker serving as executive producer . The series was created by Chuck Lorre , Eddie Gorodetsky and Gemma Baker . It follows Christy Plunkett ( Anna Faris ) , a single mother who -- after dealing with her battle with alcoholism and drug addiction -- decides to restart her life in Napa , California 's wine country working as a waitress at the restaurant Rustic Fig and attending Alcoholics Anonymous meetings . She lives with her mother Bonnie Plunkett ( Allison Janney ) , who is also a recovering drug and alcohol addict , as well as her teenage daughter Violet ( Sadie Calvano ) , who was born when Christy was 16 . Christy also has a younger son Roscoe ( Blake Garrett Rosenthal ) by her deadbeat ex-husband Baxter ( Matt L. Jones ) . Other prominent character in the series include the co-Alcoholics Anonymous member , Marjorie ( Mimi Kennedy ) . Jaime Pressly and Beth Hall , who play co-Alcoholics Anonymous members Jill and Wendy , respectively , were upgraded to series regular status for this season . The episodes are usually titled with two odd topics that are mentioned in that episode .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f94c75e5604fe0e46a5a26018fbe0d4", "text": "Mike and Maty Mike and Maty was a daytime talk show which aired on ABC from April 11 , 1994 , to June 7 , 1996 , replacing The Home Show , a daytime informational talk show that aired on ABC from 1988 to 1994 . Like Home , the program was often involuntary placed in late night timeslots by many ABC affiliates due to the network 's lack of success at the time against CBS and The Price Is Right , along with many ABC stations at the time programming local lifestyle and talk shows instead . Hosted by Michael Burger and Maty Monfort , the series covered an array of subjects on each episode . Guests included celebrities and authors , as well as cooking , health , beauty and fitness experts . Some shows featured Michael Kearney as a special correspondent . Mike and Maty was replaced by Caryl & Marilyn : Real Friends , a talk show hosted by the comedic duo known as The Mommies , which in turn was canceled after eleven months and replaced in 1997 by The View . Category :1994 American television series debuts Category :1996 American television series endings Category :1990 s American television series Category : American Broadcasting Company network shows Category : American television talk shows Category : Television series by Disney -- ABC Domestic Television", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d69131fae8d0be32393011175ecaeb9f", "text": "My Ghost Story My Ghost Story is an American television series on the paranormal , which premiered on July 17 , 2010 on the Biography Channel . The series features ghost stories told from a person 's own supposed experience with the supernatural . Each episode features claims of encounters at reportedly haunted locations all over the United States , as well as a few locations in other countries . A spin-off series My Ghost Story Asia premiered on the Biography Channel ( Asia ) on 16 August 2012 featuring stories from Singapore and Malaysia . The fifth season started on October 5 , 2012 on Fridays at 9/8 Central . The sixth season which began on August 12 , 2013 aired on the Biography Channel , the original broadcast channel , but halfway through the season the broadcast channel was changed to the Lifetime Movie Network ( LMN ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2d6cc13d7620ab577dc003f9f18fed3b", "text": "Drew Live `` Drew Live '' is the eighth episode of the fifth season of the American sitcom The Drew Carey Show , and the 109th overall . The episode 's plot focuses on Drew ( Drew Carey ) trying to stop his friend , Kate ( Christa Miller ) , from pursuing a relationship with a mystery guy , as Drew is in love with her . However , Drew is unaware that he is stopping Kate from pursuing him . Meanwhile , Drew 's brother Steve ( John Carroll Lynch ) and his fiancée Mimi Bobeck ( Kathy Kinney ) hold a joint bachelor and bachelorette party . The episode was written by Clay Graham and directed by Gerry Cohen . It first aired on November 10 , 1999 on the ABC network in the United States . Executive producer and series co-creator , Bruce Helford came up with the idea for `` Drew Live '' after seeing medical drama ER '' 's live episode in 1997 . To make `` Drew Live '' stand out , two-minute improvisational segments , where the cast had to invent their own lines , were added in during filming . The cast and crew performed the episode live three times for the Eastern , Mountain and Pacific time zones . It was shot on tape and broadcast with a small delay . Several regulars from Whose Line Is It Anyway ? made guest appearances . `` Drew Live '' was seen by an estimated 12 million viewers , finishing inside the Top 20 in the ratings for the week of November 8 -- 14 , 1999 . It was the third highest-rated show on ABC that week and the most watched episode of The Drew Carey Show in 44 weeks . It received mixed reviews from critics , with The Boston Globe 's Matthew Gilbert calling it `` gimmicky '' and `` a smug mess . '' While David Bianculli from the Daily News '' branded it `` a hoot '' and thought Cohen `` captured the action perfectly '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15a67489d3025ff5b6dab468826a7a0c", "text": "List of Melrose Place episodes Melrose Place , a primetime soap opera created by Darren Star , premiered on July 8 , 1992 on Fox network in the United States and ended on May 24 , 1999 . The show spans seven seasons of 226 episodes , and one special aired in 1995 . Each episode was approximately 45 minutes long ( without commercials ) though there were several double or two-part episodes that were shown as feature length 85 to 90 minute episodes The complete series of Melrose Place has been released on DVD in the United States ( Region 1 ) from 2006 to 2012 , with the final season having been released on July 31 , 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a8af8e45b68f7334d67b264f03fdb2c", "text": "List of The Middle episodes The Middle is a primetime American comedy series created by DeAnn Heline and Eileen Heisler for the ABC network . The Middle stars Patricia Heaton and Neil Flynn as Frankie and Mike Heck , a used-car saleswoman and the manager of a small mining firm respectively , who struggle to raise their children in the fictional middle-class town of Orson , Indiana . Their three children include the athletic but underachieving , slow-witted Axl ( Charlie McDermott ) , cluelessly unpopular daughter Sue ( Eden Sher ) , and frustrated , odd child-genius Brick ( Atticus Shaffer ) . The Hecks find themselves embroiled in somewhat unusual events as they attempt to navigate their day-to-day lives . The series was met with a positive reception from television critics when it premiered on September 30 , 2009 , with a score of 70 on the aggregated reviews website Metacritic . On March 3 , 2016 , ABC renewed the series for an eighth season . On January 25 , 2017 , ABC renewed the series for a ninth season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56b45f51efc7a1d82efd6cbf5fab86fc", "text": "WLLZ-LP WLLZ-LP is the low-powered MyNetworkTV and Cozi TV-affiliated television station for the northern Lower Peninsula of Michigan that is licensed to Cedar . It broadcasts an analog signal on VHF channel 12 from a transmitter west of downtown Traverse City near Harris and Cedar Run roads . The station is owned by P & P Cable Holdings . The station currently carries two programs in syndication ; How I Met Your Mother and Simply Outdoors on Saturday morning . WLLZ can be seen on Charter channel 11 throughout the northern Lower Peninsula . Starting in 2010 , the station was also carried on Charter in the eastern Upper Peninsula ( including Sault Ste. Marie ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b25cece618c31b04f94b732447ace0bd", "text": "You're Gonna Love Tomorrow `` You 're Gon na Love Tomorrow '' is the fifth season premiere episode of the American comedy-drama series Desperate Housewives , and the 88th episode overall . It originally aired on September 28 , 2008 , in the United States on ABC ( American Broadcasting Company ) . The episode was written by series creator Marc Cherry and directed by Larry Shaw . `` You 're Gon na Love Tomorrow '' , as well as all subsequent episodes , takes place five years after the events of the fourth season finale following Cherry 's decision to revamp the series with a time jump . In the episode , Edie ( Nicollette Sheridan ) returns to Wisteria Lane after a five-year absence with her new husband , Dave ( Neal McDonough ) . While Susan ( Teri Hatcher ) hesitates to make a romantic commitment to Jackson ( Gale Harold ) , Lynette ( Felicity Huffman ) struggles with her defiant teenage children and her husband 's midlife crisis . Gabrielle ( Eva Longoria ) deals with her daughters ' weight problems and Bree ( Marcia Cross ) faces the ramifications of her success . `` You 're Gon na Love Tomorrow '' received mostly positive reviews from television critics , most of whom agreed that the time jump refreshed the show . According to Nielsen ratings , the episode drew over 18 million viewers , making it the most-watched show of the night and the second most-watched program of the week across all networks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1fa77dd981165cba6f090393a8f5588", "text": "Run of the House Run of the House is a sitcom on The WB , that aired between September 2003 and May 2004 . Nineteen episodes were produced but only sixteen were aired before the show was cancelled . The show was about a family of four siblings , whose parents moved from Grand Rapids , Michigan , to Arizona , because the weather would be better there for their father 's health . But they left the mostly-grown children to stay in their old house and look after themselves , with the 3 eldest siblings also having to deal with raising their 15-year-old sister , Brooke . There was also a nosy neighbor named Mrs. Norris who often popped in unannounced to check up on them .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fbf56acd12ec124221f554bcfbcb0f62", "text": "Temperatures Rising Temperatures Rising is an American television sitcom that aired on the ABC network from September 12 , 1972 to August 29 , 1974 . During its 46-episode run , it was presented in three different formats and cast line-ups . The series was developed for the network by William Asher and Harry Ackerman for Ashmont Productions and Screen Gems . Set in a fictional Washington , D.C. hospital , the series featured James Whitmore as a no-nonsense chief of staff , forced to deal with the outlandish antics of a young intern ( Cleavon Little ) and three nurses ( Joan Van Ark , Reva Rose , and Nancy Fox ) . For the first season , 26 episodes were produced and broadcast . In the second season , Whitmore was replaced in the lead role by comedian Paul Lynde , and Asher was replaced as producer by Duke Vincent and Bruce Johnson . The series was re-titled The New Temperatures Rising Show , and featured a new supporting cast : Sudie Bond , Barbara Cason , Jennifer Darling , Jeff Morrow , and John Dehner . Cleavon Little was the only returning member of the original cast . In this season , Lynde was presented as the penny-pinching chief of staff , with Bond as his nagging mother and owner of the hospital . The New Temperatures Rising Show ran for 13 episodes before being placed on hiatus in January 1974 due to poor ratings . It returned in July in yet another incarnation . Asher returned as producer and restored the series to its original format -- albeit with Lynde continuing in the lead . Reverting to the original title of Temperatures Rising , Little remained in the show 's cast , accompanied by a new line-up of supporting players : Alice Ghostley , Barbara Rucker and , returning from the first season 's cast , Nancy Fox . Offered as a summer replacement on Thursday nights , the third version of the sitcom ran for seven episodes , after which it was cancelled permanently .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "130b8c7d67768a7a7e04ed98d6992cae", "text": "List of Jane the Virgin episodes Jane the Virgin is an American comedy-drama television series that premiered on The CW on October 13 , 2014 . The series follows Jane Villanueva , a hard-working , religious young Latina woman whose family tradition and a vow to save her virginity until marriage is shattered when a doctor mistakenly artificially inseminates her during a checkup . To make matters worse , the biological donor is a married man , a former playboy and cancer survivor who is not only the new owner of the hotel where Jane works , but was also her former teenage crush . On October 21 , 2014 , the show was given a full season order . On January 11 , 2015 , the show was renewed for a second season , On March 11 , 2016 , the show was renewed for a third season . On January 8 , 2017 , the show was renewed for a fourth season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a137f638c369eac2876e9aca75c4bbb", "text": "House Divided `` House Divided '' is the twenty-second episode of the fifth season of House . It aired on April 27 , 2009 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68fb86fb125294b15cb2af8a748a6f8a", "text": "L.A. Law L.A. Law is an American television legal drama series that ran for eight seasons on NBC , from September 15 , 1986 , to May 19 , 1994 . Created by Steven Bochco and Terry Louise Fisher , it contained many of Bochco 's trademark features including an ensemble cast , large number of parallel storylines , social drama , and off-the-wall humor . It reflected the social and cultural ideologies of the 1980s and early 1990s , and many of the cases featured on the show dealt with hot-topic issues such as capital punishment , abortion , racism , gay rights , homophobia , sexual harassment , AIDS , and domestic violence . The series often also reflected social tensions between the wealthy senior lawyer protagonists and their less well-paid junior staff . In addition to its main cast , L.A. Law was also well known for featuring then relatively unknown actors and actresses in guest starring roles , who later went on to greater success in film and television including : Don Cheadle , Jeffrey Tambor , Kathy Bates , David Schwimmer , Jay O. Sanders , James Avery , Gates McFadden , Bryan Cranston , C.C.H. Pounder , Kevin Spacey , Richard Schiff , Carrie-Anne Moss , William H. Macy , Stephen Root , Christian Slater , and Lucy Liu . Several episodes of the show also included celebrities such as Vanna White , Buddy Hackett and Mamie Van Doren appearing as themselves in cameo roles . The show was popular with audiences and critics , and won 15 Emmy Awards throughout its run , four of which were for Outstanding Drama Series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6eb6548b4b51f776e4702cf79e2a062e", "text": "Parenthood (season 5) The fifth season of the American television series Parenthood premiered on September 26 , 2013 and concluded on April 17 , 2014 . It consisted of 22 episodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3ab03eb398ec1cfcb883601cd744b40", "text": "Mike & Molly (season 2) The second season of the television comedy series Mike & Molly began airing on September 26 , 2011 on CBS in the United States . The season was produced by Chuck Lorre Productions and Warner Bros. . Television , with series creator Mark Roberts serving as executive producer along with Chuck Lorre , James Burrows and Don Foster . The series focuses on the title characters Mike Biggs ( Billy Gardell ) and Molly Flynn ( Melissa McCarthy ) , a couple who meet at an Overeaters Anonymous meeting in Chicago , Illinois . After Molly , a primary-school teacher , invites police officer Mike to give a talk to her class , they begin dating . Molly lives at home with her mother Joyce ( Swoosie Kurtz ) , and sister Victoria ( Katy Mixon ) . Joyce is in an on-off relationship with widower Vince Moranto ( Louis Mustillo ) , who is often seen at the house . Mike lives alone in an apartment but is regularly kept company by his best friend and partner in the police force Carl McMillan ( Reno Wilson ) . Other prominent characters in the series include Carl 's grandmother Rosetta ( Cleo King ) , Mike 's mother Peggy ( Rondi Reed ) and cafe worker Samuel ( Nyambi Nyambi ) . Holly Robinson Peete has a recurring guest role in Season 2 as Carl 's love interest . Season two of Mike & Molly '' was broadcast in the United States on Mondays at 9:30 pm . On August 21 , 2012 Warner Home Video released a three-disc set of the second season on DVD , which included every episode , a featurette , bloopers , and interviews with the cast .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "a86eb18f4d0b05fcb21c4927f2ac1047", "text": "Breaking Bad Breaking Bad is an American crime drama television series created and produced by Vince Gilligan . The show originally aired on the AMC network for five seasons , from January 20 , 2008 , to September 29 , 2013 . It tells the story of Walter White ( Bryan Cranston ) , a struggling high school chemistry teacher diagnosed with inoperable lung cancer . Together with his former student Jesse Pinkman ( Aaron Paul ) , White turns to a life of crime , producing and selling crystallized methamphetamine to secure his family 's financial future before he dies , while navigating the dangers of the criminal world . The title is from a Southern colloquialism meaning to `` raise hell '' . Breaking Bad is set and was filmed in Albuquerque , New Mexico . Walter 's family consists of his wife Skyler ( Anna Gunn ) and children , Walter , Jr. ( RJ Mitte ) and Holly ( Elanor Anne Wenrich ) . The show also features Skyler 's sister Marie Schrader ( Betsy Brandt ) , and her husband Hank ( Dean Norris ) , a Drug Enforcement Administration ( DEA ) agent . Walter hires lawyer Saul Goodman ( Bob Odenkirk ) , who connects him with private investigator and fixer Mike Ehrmantraut ( Jonathan Banks ) and in turn Mike 's employer , drug kingpin Gus Fring ( Giancarlo Esposito ) . The final season introduces the characters Todd Alquist ( Jesse Plemons ) and Lydia Rodarte-Quayle ( Laura Fraser ) . Breaking Bad is widely regarded as one of the greatest television series of all time . By the time the series finale aired , the series was among the most-watched cable shows on American television . The show received numerous awards , including sixteen Primetime Emmy Awards , eight Satellite Awards , two Golden Globe Awards , two Peabody Awards , two Critics ' Choice Awards , and four Television Critics Association Awards . For his leading performance , Cranston won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series four times , while Aaron Paul won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series three times ; Anna Gunn won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series twice . In 2013 , Breaking Bad entered the Guinness World Records as the most critically acclaimed show of all time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "854c2a3acc7891cb2be21d6ef66fe96e", "text": "Academy Awards The Academy Awards , now known officially as the Oscars , is a set of twenty-four awards for artistic and technical merit in the American film industry , given annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , to recognize excellence in cinematic achievements as assessed by the Academy 's voting membership . The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette , officially called the `` Academy Award of Merit '' , which has become commonly known by its nickname `` Oscar '' . The awards , first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel , are overseen by AMPAS . The awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 and televised for the first time in 1953 . It is now seen live in more than 200 countries and can be streamed live online . The Academy Awards ceremony is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony . Its equivalents -- the Emmy Awards for television , the Tony Awards for theater , and the Grammy Awards for music and recording -- are modeled after the Academy Awards . The 89th Academy Awards ceremony , honoring the best films of 2016 , were held on February 26 , 2017 , at the Dolby Theatre , in Los Angeles , California . The ceremony was hosted by Jimmy Kimmel and was broadcast on ABC . A total of 3,048 Oscars have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 88th .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "ea7264008f6eea7bfa0430a380ad0158", "text": "Nora Grossman Nora Grossman is an American film producer . She and her producing partner Ido Ostrowsky run Bristol Automotive , a production company that they founded in 2012 . She produced the 2014 film The Imitation Game , for which she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture at the 87th Academy Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a05a8fff31ff099b405169519884564a", "text": "Good Will Hunting Good Will Hunting is a 1997 American drama film , directed by Gus Van Sant , and starring Robin Williams , Matt Damon , Ben Affleck , Minnie Driver and Stellan Skarsgård . Written by Affleck and Damon ( and with Damon in the title role ) , the film follows 20-year-old South Boston laborer Will Hunting , an unrecognized genius who , as part of a deferred prosecution agreement after assaulting a police officer , becomes a client of a therapist and studies advanced mathematics with a renowned professor . Through his therapy sessions , Will re-evaluates his relationships with his best friend , his girlfriend and himself , facing the significant task of confronting his past and thinking about his future . The film received positive reviews and was a financial success . It grossed over US$ 225 million during its theatrical run with only a modest $ 10 million budget . It was nominated for nine Academy Awards , including the Academy Award for Best Picture , and won two : Best Supporting Actor for Williams and Best Original Screenplay for Affleck and Damon . After Williams ' death in 2014 , it was ranked at number 53 in The Hollywood Reporters `` 100 Favorite Films '' list .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d965e1ab229fc344edeb47b264ec7d03", "text": "Ariel Award for Best Supporting Actress The Ariel Award for Best Supporting Actress ( Spanish : Premio Ariel a Mejor Coactuación Femenina ) is an award presented by the Academia Mexicana de Artes y Ciencias Cinematográficas ( AMACC ) in Mexico . It is given in honor of an actor who has delivered an outstanding performance in a supporting role while working within the Mexican film industry . In 1947 , the 1st and 2nd Ariel Awards were held , with Lilia Michel winning in both ceremonies for the films Un Beso en la Noche and Vértigo , respectively . With the exception of the years 1959 to 1971 , when the Ariel Awards were suspended , the award has been given annually . Nominees and winners are determined by a committee formed every year consisting of academy members ( active and honorary ) , previous winners and individuals with at least two Ariel nominations ; the committee members submit their votes through the official AMACC website . Since its inception , the award has been given to 47 actresses . Ana Ofelia Murguía and Isela Vega had received the most awards in this category with three Ariels each . Angélica Aragón , Katy Jurado , Ofelia Medina , Lilia Michel , Angelina Peláez , and Eileen Yáñez have been awarded twice ; Jurado was also the first Mexican actress to be nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for the film Broken Lance ( 1954 ) . Murguía is the most nominated performer , with eight nominations , followed by Aragón with six . Nineteen films have featured two nominated performances for Best Supporting Actress , Una Familia de Tantas ( Eugenia Galindo and Martha Roth ) , Fin de Fiesta ( Ana Martín and Helena Rojo ) , Actas de Marusia ( Silvia Mariscal and Patricia Reyes Spíndola ) , Las Poquianchis ( Ana Ofelia Murguía and María Rojo ) , El Lugar Sin Límites ( Ana Martín and Lucha Villa ) , Que Viva Tepito ( Leonor Llausás and Rebeca Silva ) , Vidas Errantes ( Eugenia D'Silva and Josefina González de la Riva ) , Los Motivos de Luz ( Murguía and Dunia Zaldívar ) , Como Agua Para Chocolate ( Pilar Aranda and Claudette Maillé ) , Novia Que Te Vea ( Angélica Aragón and Verónica Langer ) , Dos Crimenes ( Leticia Huijara and Margarita Isabel ) , Mujeres Insumisas ( Regina Orozco and Lourdes Elizarrarás ) , Profundo Carmesí ( Julieta Egurrola and Verónica Merchant , Por Si No Te Vuelvo a Ver ( Zaide Silvia Gutiérrez and Angelina Peláez ) , Un Embrujo ( Luisa Huertas and Mayra Sérbulo ) , Mezcal ( Aída López and Sérbulo ) , Fuera del Cielo ( Martha Higareda and Isela Vega ) , Cinco Días Sin Nora ( Langer and Peláez ) , and Las Oscuras Primaveras ( Margarita Sanz and Cecilia Suárez ) ; Roth , Helena Rojo , Reyes Spíndola , María Rojo , Villa , Murguía , Maillé , Aragón , Isabel , Egurrola , Vega , and Peláez won the award . As of the 2016 ceremony , Adriana Paz is the most recent winner in this category for her role in Hilda .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7375c929ba8e13e3fd6b931caf233ef", "text": "Anna Palk Anna Palk ( 23 October 1941 -- 1 July 1990 ) was an English actress . Palk was born in Looe , Cornwall , England and educated at Rise Hall Convent in the East Riding of Yorkshire , and trained as an actress at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts in London . She followed this with rep at Bristol , Leatherhead , Derby , Newcastle upon Tyne and Leeds before embarking on a successful film and television career . Her stage appearances included productions of ` Smith By Any Other Name ' , ` School for Scandal ' , ` Present Laughter ' , ` Butley ' ( in Vienna ) , ` Sexual Perversions ' ( in Chicago ) and a number of national tours . She was married to stockbroker Derek Brierley with whom she had a son , Jonathan . Her film appearances included Play It Cool ( 1962 ) , The Earth Dies Screaming ( 1964 ) , The Skull ( 1965 ) , Fahrenheit 451 ( 1966 ) , The Frozen Dead ( 1966 ) , The Nightcomers ( 1971 ) and Tower of Evil ( 1972 ) . She also appeared on TV in Witch Hunt ( 1967 ) , The Persuaders ! ( episode `` The Time and the Place '' , 1970 ) , Jason King ( 1971 ) , The Protectors ( 1972-1974 ) and as Lady Sarah in The Main Chance ( 1969 -- 72 ) . She died in 1990 in London , England , of cancer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "890cb53e5414a6e5217cdd7fc4f71c3f", "text": "List of awards and nominations received by Angelina Jolie The following is a list of awards and nominations received by American actress and filmmaker Angelina Jolie . She received three Golden Globe Awards , two Screen Actors Guild Awards , and an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her portrayals of First Lady of Alabama Cornelia Wallace in George Wallace ( 1997 ) , troubled supermodel Gia Carangi in Gia ( 1998 ) , and a sociopathic mental patient in Girl , Interrupted ( 1999 ) . Her later performances as Mariane Pearl in A Mighty Heart ( 2007 ) and Christine Collins in Changeling ( 2008 ) earned her additional nominations , including for an Academy Award for Best Actress . For her work in the action films Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow ( 2004 ) , Mr. and Mrs. Smith ( 2005 ) , Wanted ( 2008 ) , and The Tourist ( 2010 ) , Jolie received awards based on popular votes , including an MTV Movie Award , two People 's Choice Awards , and four Teen Choice Awards .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5221594a56dac36b876684487192c230", "text": "Linda Gray Linda Gray ( born September 12 , 1940 ) is an American film , stage and television actress , director , producer and former model , best known for her role as Sue Ellen Ewing , the long-suffering wife of Larry Hagman 's character on the long-running CBS television drama series Dallas ( 1978 -- 1989 ) , for which she was nominated for the 1981 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series . The role also earned her two Golden Globe Award nominations . Gray began her career in the 1960s in television commercials . In the 1970s , she appeared in numerous TV series before landing the role of Sue Ellen Ewing in 1978 . After leaving Dallas in 1989 , she appeared opposite Sylvester Stallone in the 1991 film Oscar . From 1994-1995 , she played a leading role on the Fox drama series Models Inc. . She has also starred in several TV movies , including Moment of Truth : Why My Daughter ? ( 1993 ) and Accidental Meeting ( 1994 ) and reprised her role of Sue Ellen in Dallas : J.R. Returns ( 1996 ) and Dallas : War of the Ewings ( 1998 ) . On stage , she starred as Mrs. Robinson in The Graduate in the West End in 2001 , then on Broadway the following year . In 2007 , she starred as Aurora Greenaway in the world premiere production of Terms of Endearment at the Theatre Royal , York and also the UK national tour . From 2012 to 2014 , Gray again reprised her role of Sue Ellen Ewing in the TNT series Dallas , which continues the original series . After the series was cancelled , Gray returned to stage with the role as Fairy Godmother in the London production of Cinderella .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "345ed170ae56cc348e9582d321657e1f", "text": "List of awards and nominations received by Sigourney Weaver The following is a list of awards and nominations received by American actress Sigourney Weaver . She won the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress for the 1988 film Working Girl , the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress ( drama ) for the 1988 film Gorillas in the Mist , and the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for the 1997 film The Ice Storm . She is also a three-time Academy Award nominee , three-time Emmy Award nominee and a Tony Award nominee .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a1d800f3a58ce0e26dc0d8caddded51", "text": "Goodfellas Goodfellas ( stylized as GoodFellas ) is a 1990 American crime film directed by Martin Scorsese . It is an adaptation of the 1986 non-fiction book Wiseguy by Nicholas Pileggi , who co-wrote the screenplay with Scorsese . The film narrates the rise and fall of mob associate Henry Hill and his friends over a period from 1955 to 1980 . Scorsese initially named the film Wise Guy and postponed making it ; later , he and Pileggi changed the name to Goodfellas . To prepare for their roles in the film , Robert De Niro , Joe Pesci , and Ray Liotta often spoke with Pileggi , who shared research material left over from writing the book . According to Pesci , improvisation and ad-libbing came out of rehearsals wherein Scorsese gave the actors freedom to do whatever they wanted . The director made transcripts of these sessions , took the lines he liked best , and put them into a revised script , which the cast worked from during principal photography . Made on a budget of $ 25 million , Goodfellas grossed $ 46.8 million . It received positive reviews from critics and was nominated for six Academy Awards , including Best Picture and Best Director , with Pesci winning Best Actor in a Supporting Role . The film won five awards from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts , including Best Film and Best Director . Additionally , Goodfellas was named the year 's best film by various critics ' groups . Goodfellas is widely regarded as one of the greatest films in the crime genre . In 2000 , it was deemed `` culturally , historically , and aesthetically significant '' and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the United States Library of Congress . Its content and style have been emulated in numerous other films and television shows .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9924f378e29c2ba9ce82e2972ecdcaa2", "text": "List of actors nominated for two Academy Awards in the same year The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences has had occurrences of actors and actresses nominated for two different Academy Awards in acting categories in a single year , with the first instance in 1938 . Provided that they receive enough votes from the Academy in both categories to earn a nomination , there are no restrictions on actors being nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor and Best Supporting Actor or actresses being nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress in any given year . The sole rule with regard to multiple nominations is that an actor or actress can not receive multiple nominations for the same performance . This rule was introduced in 1944 after Barry Fitzgerald received a Best Actor nomination and a Best Supporting Actor nomination for his performance in Going My Way . As of 2015 , 11 actors and actresses have been nominated for two different Academy Awards in the same year . The first of these actors and actresses was Fay Bainter , who received nominations for her performances in White Banners and Jezebel at the 11th Academy Awards . The most recent occurrence was during the 80th Academy Awards , in which Cate Blanchett received nominations for Elizabeth : The Golden Age and I 'm Not There . Seven of these actors and actresses received an Academy Award in one of the categories they were nominated in , and none have won two Academy Awards in the same year . Four did not receive an Academy Award in either category : Sigourney Weaver ( nominations for Gorillas in the Mist and Working Girl ) , Emma Thompson ( nominations for The Remains of the Day and In the Name of the Father ) , Julianne Moore ( nominations for Far from Heaven and The Hours ) , and Cate Blanchett ( nominations for Elizabeth : The Golden Age and I 'm Not There ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5df96c0814e26b36c1c686b0693dcb1b", "text": "26th Academy Awards The 26th Academy Awards honored the best in films of 1953 . The second national telecast of the Awards show drew an estimated 43 million viewers . Shirley Booth , appearing in a play in Philadelphia , presented the Best Actor award through a live broadcast cut-in , and privately received the winner 's name over the telephone from co-host Donald O'Connor . ( Actor Fredric March co-hosted from New York City . ) Gary Cooper filmed his presentation of the Best Actress award in advance on a set in Mexico , with O'Connor announcing the winner 's name . All the major winners in this year were black-and-white films . The big winner was Fred Zinnemann 's From Here to Eternity , with thirteen nominations and eight awards including Best Picture , Best Supporting Actor , Best Supporting Actress , Best Director , Best Screenplay ( Daniel Taradash ) , Best Cinematography ( Burnett Guffey ) , Best Sound , and Best Film Editing . All five of its major actors and actresses were nominated , with secondary players Donna Reed and Frank Sinatra taking home Oscars . The candid film was based on James Jones ' controversial , best-selling novel about Army life on a Hawaiian ( Oahu ) military base just prior to the Pearl Harbor attack and World War II , illustrating the conflict between an individualistic private ( Montgomery Clift ) and rigid institutional authority ( exemplified by the Army ) . Its achievement of eight awards matched the then record held by Gone with the Wind ( 1939 ) . The record would be tied again the following year by On the Waterfront ( 1954 ) . Walt Disney won four awards , which remains the record for the most Oscars won in the same year . William Holden 's speech for Best Actor for his role in Stalag 17 was simply `` Thank You '' , making it one of the shortest speeches ever ; the TV broadcast had a strict cutoff time which forced Holden 's quick remarks . The frustrated Holden personally paid for advertisements in the Hollywood trade publications to thank everyone he wanted to on Oscar night . He also remarked that he felt that either Burt Lancaster or Montgomery Clift should have won the Best Actor Oscar for From Here to Eternity , instead of him .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "702b724dc176667d708bd4f860f839f2", "text": "AACTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role The AACTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role is an award presented by the Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts ( AACTA ) , a non-profit organisation whose aim is to `` identify , award , promote and celebrate Australia 's greatest achievements in film and television . '' The award is presented at the annual AACTA Awards , which hands out accolades for achievements in feature films , television , documentaries and short films . From 1971 -- 2010 , the category was presented by the Australian Film Institute ( AFI ) , the Academy 's parent organisation , at the annual Australian Film Institute Awards ( known as the AFI Awards ) . When the AFI launched the Academy in 2011 , it changed the annual ceremony to the AACTA Awards , with the current award being a continuum of the AFI Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role . It was presented as a special award , from 1971 -- 1975 , and was accompanied with a cash prize , before it became a competitive award from 1976 , onward . Judy Davis is the most nominated actress in this category , with five wins from eight nominations , most recently for her role in The Eye of the Storm ( 2011 ) . Candidates for this award must be human and female , and can not be nominated for the same role in the supporting actress category .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56563307d80f178eefa7f73cb22d6e44", "text": "78th Academy Awards The 78th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , took place on March 5 , 2006 , at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:00 p.m. PST / 8:00 p.m. EST. . The ceremony was scheduled one week later than usual to avoid conflicting with the 2006 Winter Olympics . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories honoring films released in 2005 . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by Gil Cates and directed by Louis J. Horvitz . Actor Jon Stewart hosted the show for the first time . Two weeks earlier in a ceremony at The Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills , California held on February 18 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Rachel McAdams . Crash won three awards including Academy Award for Best Picture . Other winners included Brokeback Mountain , King Kong , and Memoirs of a Geisha also with three awards apiece , and Capote , The Chronicles of Narnia : The Lion , the Witch and the Wardrobe , The Constant Gardener , Hustle and Flow , March of the Penguins , The Moon and the Son : An Imagined Conversation , A Note of Triumph : The Golden Age of Norman Corwin , Six Shooter , Syriana , Tsotsi , Walk the Line , and Wallace & Gromit : The Curse of the Were-Rabbit with one each . The telecast garnered nearly 39 million viewers in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "601c999353b05e482bdc578bda7fd3f5", "text": "38th Saturn Awards The 38th Saturn Awards , honoring the best in science fiction , fantasy and horror film and television in 2011 , were held on July 26 , 2012 in Burbank , California . The awards are presented by the Academy of Science Fiction , Fantasy and Horror Films . The six Best Film Award categories were respectively won by Rise of the Planet of the Apes ( Science Fiction ) , Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 ( Fantasy ) , The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo ( Horror or Thriller ) , Mission : Impossible -- Ghost Protocol ( Action or Adventure ) , The Skin I Live In ( International ) and Puss in Boots ( Animated ) . Rise of the Planet of the Apes and Super 8 led the winners with three each . In the television categories , Breaking Bad won three of its six nominations , including Best Syndicated/Cable Television Series . Fringe , The Walking Dead and Teen Wolf won the other Best Series Awards . Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 became the first Harry Potter film to win Best Fantasy Film , for which the seven previous Harry Potter films were nominated , and only the second film of the series to win a Saturn Award , following The Philosopher 's Stone which won Best Costume in 2001 . Mission : Impossible -- Ghost Protocol also became the first Mission : Impossible film to win Best Action or Adventure Film , following the nominations of the first and third installments .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cb42a86507361b147698c17d487bc3b3", "text": "Carla Hacken Carla Hacken ( 14 March 1961 ) is an American film producer . Best known for producing critically acclaimed film Hell or High Water ( 2016 ) that earned her Academy Award for Best Picture nomination with Julie Yorn . She is co-president of production at Sidney Kimmel Entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "265457bbd71c6794b018f6d68b1e85e8", "text": "25th Academy Awards The 25th Academy Awards ceremony was held on March 19 , 1953 . It took place at the RKO Pantages Theatre in Hollywood , California , and the NBC International Theatre in New York City . It was the first Academy Awards ceremony to be televised , and the first ceremony to be held in Hollywood and New York City simultaneously . It was also the only year that the New York ceremonies were to be held in the NBC International Theatre on Columbus Circle , which was shortly thereafter demolished and replaced by the New York Coliseum convention center . A major upset occurred in the category of Best Picture . The heavily favored High Noon lost to Cecil B. DeMille 's The Greatest Show on Earth , eventually considered among the worst films to have won the Academy Award for Best Picture . The American film magazine Premiere placed the movie on its list of the 10 worst Oscar winners and the British film magazine Empire rated it # 3 on their list of the 10 worst Oscar winners . It has the lowest spot on Rotten Tomatoes ' list of the 81 films to win Best Picture . Of all the films nominated for the Oscar this year , only High Noon and Singin ' in the Rain would show up 46 years later on the American Film Institute list of the greatest American films of the 20th Century . For a film that only received two nominations , Singin ' in the Rain went on to be named as the greatest American musical film of all time and in the 2007 American Film Institute updated list as the fifth greatest American film of all time , while High Noon was ranked twenty-seventh on the same 2007 list , as well . The Bad and the Beautiful won five awards , the most wins ever for a film not nominated for Best Picture . It was also the second Academy Awards in which a film not nominated for Best Picture received the most awards of the evening , excluding years where there were ties for the most wins . The only other film to do this was The Thief of Bagdad at the 13th Academy Awards ; as of the 87th Academy Awards , it has not happened since . Until Spotlight won only Best Picture and Best Original Screenplay at the 88th Academy Awards , this was the last year in which the Best Picture winner won just two Oscars . It was also the second of three years to date in which two films not nominated for Best Picture received more nominations than the winner ( The Bad and the Beautiful and Hans Christian Andersen , both with six ) . This occurred again at the 79th Academy Awards . Shirley Booth also became the last person to win an Oscar in a Leading Role to be born in the 19th century . She also holds the distinction of being the first woman in her 50s to win the award , at the age of 54 ( the second woman in her 50s to win , Julianne Moore , was 54 when awarded at the 87th Academy Awards ) . John Ford 's fourth win for Best Director set a record for the most wins in this category that remains unmatched to this day . For the first time since the introduction of Supporting Actor and Actress awards in 1936 , Best Picture , Best Director , and all four acting Oscars went to six different films . This has happened only three times since , at the 29th Academy Awards for 1956 , the 78th for 2005 , and the 85th for 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe0ca5804f324e01ebd865d46092b39e", "text": "Anna Nicole Smith Vickie Lynn Hogan professionally known as Anna Nicole Smith ( born November 28 , 1967 -- February 8 , 2007 ) was an American model , actress and television personality . Smith first gained popularity in Playboy , winning the title of 1993 Playmate of the Year . She modeled for fashion companies including Guess , H&M , Heatherette , and Lane Bryant . Smith dropped out of high school and was married three years later in 1985 . Her highly publicized second marriage to J. Howard Marshall resulted in speculation that she married the octogenarian mainly for his money , which she denied . Following Marshall 's death , Smith began a lengthy legal battle over a share of his estate . Her case , Marshall v. Marshall , reached the U.S. Supreme Court on a question of federal jurisdiction , and again on a question of bankruptcy court authority ( now called Stern v. Marshall ) . Smith died on February 8 , 2007 , in a Hollywood , Florida , hotel room as a result of an overdose of prescription drugs . During the final six months of her life , Smith was the focus of renewed press coverage surrounding the death of her son , Daniel , and the paternity and custody battle over her newborn daughter , Dannielynn .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46d4f90010e47c56f237401066f2e980", "text": "Annabella Sciorra Annabella Gloria Philomena Sciorra ( -LSB- ˈʃoʊrə -RSB- , ; born March 29 , 1960 ) is an Italian-American actress . Her film roles include Cadillac Man ( 1990 ) , Jungle Fever ( 1991 ) , The Hand That Rocks the Cradle ( 1992 ) , Cop Land ( 1997 ) and What Dreams May Come ( 1998 ) . She was nominated for a 2001 Emmy Award for playing Gloria Trillo in The Sopranos ( 2001 -- 04 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e41ef3f6650bc75c4daa0feae3e2e03e", "text": "Anna Biller Anna Biller is an independent American filmmaker who was born and raised in Los Angeles . She is known for her visual style , and for her use of period genres and satire . Her background is mainly in art ( her father is a visual artist , and she has a B.A. in art from U.C.L.A. and an MFA in art and film from The California Institute of the Arts ) . Her 2007 feature film Viva premiered at the International Film Festival Rotterdam , and won the Best of Fest Award at the Boston Underground Film Festival . The film was also entered into the main competition at the 29th Moscow International Film Festival . Reason magazine called Viva an `` uncannily precise rendition of the look , sound , mood , and arch dialogue '' of seventies sexploitation films , with `` high-key , pseudo-Technicolor lighting and spare , colorful set design . '' Her latest film , The Love Witch , is a twist on classic serial killer films , featuring a female killer who kills through calculated sexuality , causing her male victims to fall too much in love . Richard Brody of The New Yorker said of The Love Witch , `` Biller puts genre to the test of do-it-yourself artistry , and puts feminist ideology itself to the test of style . The film pulsates with furious creative energy throughout , sparking excitement and giddy amazement that it even exists . '' In May 2016 , The Love Witch was acquired for distribution by Oscilloscope Laboratories .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "266db1c05a1308f55888fac0b067f51a", "text": "2006 MTV Movie Awards The 2006 MTV Movie Awards were hosted by Jessica Alba and featured performances by Christina Aguilera , AFI and Gnarls Barkley . In addition to the below awards , MTV gave lifetime achievement awards to Jim Carrey ( The MTV Generation Award ) and Spike Lee ( The Silver Bucket of Excellence , for Do the Right Thing ) . MTV held its 15th annual movie awards show on Saturday , June 3 , at the Sony Pictures Studios in Culver City , California . MTV first broadcast the award show on 8 June at 9:00 pm ET . Tenth Planet Productions produced the awards , and Joel Gallen was the executive-producer and director for the 12th consecutive year . This is also the second MTV Movie Awards show to have a host win an award . The first show was in 2004 with Lindsay Lohan winning an award . The host for the MTV Movie Awards in 2006 was Jessica Alba . Christina Aguilera performed , for the very first time , her lead single of her latest release Back to Basics , `` Ai n't No Other Man '' . Pre-recorded parodies include The Da Vinci Code , Mission : Impossible III , and King Kong .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fef24d763f685ed1634ad089e037c11a", "text": "Top Gun Top Gun is a 1986 American romantic military action drama film directed by Tony Scott , and produced by Don Simpson and Jerry Bruckheimer , in association with Paramount Pictures . The screenplay was written by Jim Cash and Jack Epps , Jr. , and was inspired by an article titled `` Top Guns '' published in California magazine three years earlier . The film stars Tom Cruise , Kelly McGillis , Val Kilmer , Anthony Edwards , and Tom Skerritt . Cruise plays Lieutenant Pete `` Maverick '' Mitchell , a young Naval aviator aboard the aircraft carrier . He and his Radar Intercept Officer ( RIO ) Nick `` Goose '' Bradshaw ( Edwards ) are given the chance to train at the Navy 's Fighter Weapons School at Miramar in San Diego . Top Gun was released on May 16 , 1986 . Upon its release , the film received generally mixed reviews from film critics but many particularly praised the action sequences , the effects , the aerial stunts , and the acting performances with Cruise and McGillis receiving the most praise . Four weeks after release , the number of theaters showing it increased by 45 % . Despite its initial mixed critical reaction , the film was a huge commercial hit grossing $ 356 million against a production budget of only $ 15 million . With its success , the film became a cult film over the years and earned an IMAX 3D re-release in 2013 . Additionally , the film won an Academy Award for Best Original Song for `` Take My Breath Away '' performed by Berlin . In 2015 , the United States Library of Congress selected the film for preservation in the National Film Registry , finding it `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "2e53a180aa671a418920e83773676a23", "text": "Romelu Lukaku Romelu Menama Lukaku ( born 13 May 1993 ) is a Belgian professional footballer who plays as a striker for Premier League club Everton and the Belgium national team . He is one of only five players to score 50 Premier League goals before his 23rd birthday , and the first foreign player to score 80 before his 24th birthday . Lukaku started his career with local side Rupel Boom , before joining Lierse , where he earned a move to Anderlecht of the Belgian Pro League in 2006 . Lukaku made his professional debut while still at school at the age of 16 , and became the 2009 -- 10 top scorer in Belgium as Anderlecht won the Belgian championship . He also won the Belgian Ebony Shoe in 2011 . In the 2011 summer transfer window , Lukaku joined Premier League club Chelsea . He did not appear regularly in his first season there , and spent the following two seasons on loan at West Bromwich Albion and Everton respectively , signing permanently for the latter for a club record # 28 million in 2014 . Lukaku made his senior international debut for Belgium in 2010 , and has since earned over 50 caps . He has also represented the country at the 2014 FIFA World Cup and UEFA Euro 2016 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "5bbd98e38c6d11fbb7a8b260f42509cf", "text": "Martin Hašek (footballer, born 1995) Martin Hašek ( born 3 October 1995 ) is a professional Czech football midfielder currently playing for Bohemians 1905 in the Czech First League . He made his senior league debut for Pardubice on 2 August 2014 in a Czech National Football League 1 -- 1 home draw against Vlašim . He scored his first goal on 13 November in a 1 -- 0 home win against Frýdek-Místek . He is the son of the Czech international footballer of the same name .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a3d1f04c4b93d2a623485f7542b7873f", "text": "Lu Lan Lu Lan ( born May 2 , 1987 in Changzhou , Jiangsu ) is a female badminton player from China .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e23df48e98b5ad4757d59682dd661027", "text": "Benjamin Mokulu Benjamin Mokulu Tembe ( born 11 October 1989 ) is a Belgian-born Congolese professional footballer who plays as a forward for Frosinone Calcio on loan from A.S. Avellino 1912 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8684c00577623a5667edf1acf9b0811e", "text": "1995–96 S.L. Benfica season The 1995 -- 96 season was Sport Lisboa e Benfica 's 92nd season in existence and the club 's 62nd consecutive season in the top flight of Portuguese football , covering the period from 1 July 1995 to 30 June 1996 . It involved Benfica competing in the Primeira Divisão and the Taça de Portugal . Benfica qualified for the UEFA Cup by coming third in previous League . After failing to renew the title in the past season , the club brought in several players during the transfer market , with Ricardo Gomes , Valdo , Calado and Marcelo assuming regular starter roles . However , the club lost all of his more historic players as the case of Neno , Vítor Paneira , Isaías and César Brito . With the animosity around Artur Jorge increasing , poor results in September caused his departure . Despite an irregular season in the league , various winning streaks helped the team reach their second-place finish by 23 March , after a home win against Porto . In the Portuguese Cup , a strong performance from Marcelo throughout the competition , who finish as the tournament top scorer , guided the team to the final , where João Pinto delivered the trophy after scoring a double .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "89256e3f4b0455f3d36b32311e5b3b74", "text": "Licá Luís Carlos Pereira Carneiro ( born 8 September 1988 ) , known as Licá , is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays for English club Nottingham Forest as a right winger .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2485914005015969861c2bc6263beadb", "text": "Kevin Lankinen Kevin Lankinen ( born 28 April 1995 ) is a Finnish ice hockey goaltender currently playing for HIFK of the Finnish Liiga .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66cb958950907eb5a2c94e509152e011", "text": "Io e il re Io e il re ( The King and Me ) is a 1995 Italian historical comedy drama film written and directed by Lucio Gaudino . It entered the Italian Panorama section at the 52nd Venice International Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c3176cf44d3c89776c4cff323133893b", "text": "Mafia (B.U.G. Mafia album) Mafia is the debut studio album by Romanian hip hop group B.U.G. Mafia , released September 20 , 1995 on local Bucharest-based label Amma Sound . Production for the album was handled by group member and founder Tataee , with various composers and keyboardists giving co-production . Heavily influenced by N.W.A. and Bone Thugs-n-Harmony , the album has been viewed as the pioneering record of gangsta rap in Romania . With its ever-present profanity and violent lyrics , it helped to give birth to this then-new genre of music in Romania . As hip hop music was quite new in Romania at the time , the album attracted many rock fans , who appreciated the group 's aggressive approach towards music . In spite of poor sound quality and practically no professional promotion , Mafia achieved moderate success and quite favorable reviews . The album is still known for being the third hip hop album to be released in Romania by a record label . It had 15 tracks and featured guest performances from M&G , Marijuana , Coco , Vlad `` Ben '' Blându and actress Rona Hartner . Tataee has stated that he considers the album the group 's worst release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42c8bbb1fa48c7c9011b8af59db8adc2", "text": "Vladimir Semerdzhiev Vladimir Semerdzhiev ( Владимир Семерджиев born 27 May 1995 ) is a Bulgarian footballer who plays for Slavia Sofia as a midfielder .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "849ea6afdb81f1696ce3af717f73d319", "text": "Fazil Kaggwa Fazil Kaggwa ( born 9 May 1995 ) is a Ugandan boxer . He competed in the light flyweight category at the 2014 Commonwealth Games where he won a bronze medal .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d60b632f9d8877118daa76333798e532", "text": "Waku Waku Ski Wonder Spur is a Skiing video game , developed by Human Club and published by Human Entertainment , which was released exclusively in Japan in 1995 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9772d3da8de4dcc3b7d89fcafbfa8ee0", "text": "Albert Kaqiku Albert Kaqiku ( born 21 January 1995 in Mitrovicë ) is a Kosovar -- Albanian footballer who plays as a defender for KF Trepça '89 in the Superleague of Kosovo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8bc07738686267cdef2626b4a3f41eba", "text": "Joyce Ching Joyce Giselle Palad Ching ( born January 5 , 1995 ) , better known as Joyce Ching , is a Chinese-Filipino actress and commercial model .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1452da4f804bc3c043044ebf6840e2bc", "text": "Saku-Pekka Sahlgren Saku-Pekka Sahlgren ( born 8 April 1992 ) is a Finnish football player currently playing for Sandnes Ulf in the Norwegian First Division .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "98ead054f73e9dbe57dfbc03a203fdaa", "text": "Milan Škriniar Milan Škriniar ( -LSB- ˈmilan ˈʃkriɲiar -RSB- ; born 11 February 1995 ) is a Slovak football player who currently plays for Italian club Sampdoria and the Slovakia national football team . He was named Slovakia 's the best U21 player for 2016 , receiving the Peter Dubovsky Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3bd28fd1cf3be7daf24c090eb4457587", "text": "Andrew Murunga Andrew Murunga ( born 20 October 1995 ) is Kenyan footballer who plays for Kenyan Premier League side Kakamega Homeboyz as a striker . He made his debut for the Kenya national football team on 5 June 2013 in a 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification match against Nigeria .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3425ca0b748cdc93d2e5b219e62cd98c", "text": "Ionuț Trocan Ionuț Angelotti Trocan ( born 7 October 1995 ) is a Romanian professional footballer who plays as a defender for Pandurii Târgu Jiu .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "344e18fc85c141a0553c79d78c4b8919", "text": "Aliyu Okechukwu Aliyu Okechukwu ( born September 5 , 1995 ) is a Nigerian footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for RNK Split in Croatia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cfcc02d343e832c62fdcfa8a65c85be3", "text": "Lua (company) Lua is a mobile messaging software for businesses . It provides encrypted real-time messaging , calling , file sharing , and communication analytics . It is available for Android , iOS , desktop ( Windows , Macintosh ) and through a web browser . The company released its analytics dashboard , Lua Insights , in July 2014 , with the aim of helping managers draw conclusions about the effectiveness of their team 's communication . The company is based in New York City .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc9def99652d56d3d0f811ee4b22caa2", "text": "Lukas Gugganig Lukas Gugganig ( born 14 February 1995 ) is an Austrian footballer who currently plays for Greuther Fürth .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "49a2f89ca2e6562bb9390af5cc8c07da", "text": "Tim Robbins Timothy Francis `` Tim '' Robbins ( born October 16 , 1958 ) is an American actor , screenwriter , director , producer , activist and musician . He is well known for his portrayal of Andy Dufresne in the prison drama film The Shawshank Redemption ( 1994 ) . His other roles include Nuke LaLoosh in Bull Durham , Jacob Singer in Jacob 's Ladder , Griffin Mill in The Player , and Dave Boyle in Mystic River , for which he won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor , and for directing films such as Dead Man Walking and Bob Roberts , both of which received critical acclaim .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "d4b8f1aba9dc803d1cf199d65be6e3e6", "text": "Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play The Tony Award for Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role in a Play is an honor presented at the Tony Awards , a ceremony established in 1947 as the Antoinette Perry Awards for Excellence in Theatre , to actors for quality leading roles in a Broadway play . The awards are named after Antoinette Perry , an American actress who died in 1946 . Honors in several categories are presented at the ceremony annually by the Tony Award Productions , a joint venture of The Broadway League and the American Theatre Wing , to `` honor the best performances and stage productions of the previous year . '' Despite the award first being presented in 1947 , there were no nominees announced until 1956 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d36f300fac08aabbca3ccfe945d55e9b", "text": "Chuck Robbins Charles H. `` Chuck '' Robbins is an American businessman . He serves as the chief executive officer ( CEO ) of Cisco Systems , the American manufacturer of networking hardware .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "769036d4bfd9f0f54dfeaaedea0482d4", "text": "Trigger Fingers (film) Trigger Fingers is a 1939 Western film starring Tim McCoy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a05a8fff31ff099b405169519884564a", "text": "Good Will Hunting Good Will Hunting is a 1997 American drama film , directed by Gus Van Sant , and starring Robin Williams , Matt Damon , Ben Affleck , Minnie Driver and Stellan Skarsgård . Written by Affleck and Damon ( and with Damon in the title role ) , the film follows 20-year-old South Boston laborer Will Hunting , an unrecognized genius who , as part of a deferred prosecution agreement after assaulting a police officer , becomes a client of a therapist and studies advanced mathematics with a renowned professor . Through his therapy sessions , Will re-evaluates his relationships with his best friend , his girlfriend and himself , facing the significant task of confronting his past and thinking about his future . The film received positive reviews and was a financial success . It grossed over US$ 225 million during its theatrical run with only a modest $ 10 million budget . It was nominated for nine Academy Awards , including the Academy Award for Best Picture , and won two : Best Supporting Actor for Williams and Best Original Screenplay for Affleck and Damon . After Williams ' death in 2014 , it was ranked at number 53 in The Hollywood Reporters `` 100 Favorite Films '' list .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "947edee68ad542be388cbe881713cd32", "text": "David L. Robbins (Oregon writer) David L. Robbins ( born July 4 , 1950 ) is an American author of English and Pennsylvania Dutch descent . He writes both fiction and non-fiction . He has written over three hundred books under his own name and many pen names , among them : David Thompson , Jake McMasters , Jon Sharpe , Don Pendleton , Franklin W. Dixon , Ralph Compton , Dean L. McElwain , J.D. Cameron and John Killdeer . He has written for the following series : The Trailsman , Mack Bolan , Endworld , Blade , Wilderness , White Apache , Davy Crockett , Omega Sub and The Hardy Boys Casefiles . Robbins is a member of the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America , the Horror Writers Association , and Western Writers of America .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bb5c381a3650ca1b0fb65501017a9c8a", "text": "Raymond Robbins Raymond Robbins may refer to : Raymond Robins ( 1873 -- 1954 ) , American economist and writer Raymond Francis Robbins ( 1912 -- 1980 ) , American artist", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7998c5a720f81e7208f8b0411d11ed31", "text": "The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner (film) The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner is a 1962 film based on the short story of the same name . The screenplay , like the story , was written by Alan Sillitoe . The film was directed by Tony Richardson , one of the new young directors emerging from documentary films , a series of 1950s filmmakers known as the Free Cinema movement . It tells the story of a rebellious youth ( played by Tom Courtenay ) , sentenced to a borstal ( ` Approved School ' ) for burgling a bakery , who gains privileges in the institution through his prowess as a long-distance runner . During his solitary runs reveries of important events before his incarceration lead him to re-evaluate his status as the Governor 's ( played by Michael Redgrave ) prize athlete , eventually prizing a rebellious act of personal autonomy notwithstanding an immediate loss in privileges . The film poster 's byline is `` you can play by the rules ... or you can play it by ear - WHAT COUNTS is you play it right by YOU ... '' . . The notion is echoed by other contemporary films such as a rapid series of three contemporary Lone Ranger films . Depicting a bleak , elitist Britain in the late 1950s to early 1960s for the working to middle class , the writer was one of the angry young men producing media vaunting or depicting the plight of rebellious youths . The film has characters entrenched in their social context . Class consciousness abounds throughout : the `` them '' and `` us '' notions which Richardson stresses reflect the very basis of British society at the time , so that Redgrave 's `` proper gentleman '' of a Governor is in contrast to many of the young working class inmates . Much of the screenplay takes place in and around Ruxley Towers , Claygate , Surrey -- a Victorian mock castle built by Lord Foley ( ` Ruxton Towers ' ) . The building had been used as a NAAFI base in the war , giving it a military atmosphere . The original trumpet theme to the film was performed by Fred Muscroft ( the Scots Guards Principal Cornet at the time ) . The film 's words were heavily sampled in the 1980s Chumbawamba track `` Alright Now '' and text monologues from the book upon which the film is based was printed on the record/cassette covers of their single `` Just Look at Me Now '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5770703cfdadc6504efad8918d7372f", "text": "The Santa Clause (film series) The Santa Clause is a series of comedy films starring Tim Allen . The film series began with The Santa Clause ( 1994 ) . It was followed by The Santa Clause 2 ( 2002 ) and The Santa Clause 3 : The Escape Clause ( 2006 ) . The series experienced a diminishing critical reception with each subsequent film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "512ef229ce2a4c6003030c5d475d442c", "text": "Elya Baskin Ilya Zalmanovich Baskin ( Iļja Baskins , Илья́ За́лманович Ба́скин born 11 August 1950 ) , known as Elya Baskin , is an American actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b0f32da7c39393c734ed0cfd226b9749", "text": "The Dream Merchants The Dream Merchants is an American novel written by Harold Robbins and published in 1949 . Set in the early 20th century , the book is a `` rags-to-riches '' story of a penniless young man who goes to Hollywood and builds a great film studio . A former Universal Studios employee , author Harold Robbins based the main character on Universal 's founder , Carl Laemmle . With the Hollywood history in the backdrop , it is a love story .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dca4bf6e59e27566d80c2690a58d3f6c", "text": "30-Second Bunnies Theatre 30-Second Bunnies Theatre is a Flash cartoon series featuring films re-enacted by anthropomorphic animated bunnies in 30 seconds . The series is produced by Angry Alien Productions , the one-woman company of creator Jennifer Shiman . The series debuted in 2004 , when Shiman sought to create a humorous web series . She unveiled a version of The Exorcist , re-enacted by animated bunnies in 30 seconds . It received an overwhelmingly positive response online from a global audience , prompting Shiman to create more re-enactments . In 2005 , the `` bunny troupe '' was commissioned by Starz ! to make new shorts . Each Starz-commissioned re-enactment premiered on Starz on Demand before moving online . The series take on Star Wars was featured on CNN on April 16 , 2006 . Angry Alien Productions released a selection of the shorts on DVD on October 20 , 2009 . Previously , the Titanic short was included on that film 's 4-Disc Special Collector 's Edition DVD , released in 2005 . In 2007 , Crackle became a distributing partner . In 2008 , the site won two Webby Awards for Online Film and Video/Animation , as well as the People 's Voice award in that category . On June 13 , 2010 , Shiman announced on the 30-Second Bunnies Theatre Website that , after six years and 68 shorts , she was placing the series on hiatus to move on to other pursuits . The final short at the time was a re-enactment of the film Evil Dead II . As of October 2011 , Shiman completed three more re-enactments : Alfred Hitchcock 's The Birds , Freaks ( 1932 ) and Michael Dougherty 's Trick ' r Treat . Shiman teamed up with FEARnet in 2012 to make more horror movie shorts . The first season of shorts is complete , and the second season is in production as of September 16 , 2013 . In mid-March 2014 , Angry Alien Productions ventured into new bunny territory by re-enacting the life of Kevin Spacey ( with bunny voices by Kevin Spacey himself ) to celebrate the launch of his new website . In Spring 2015 the staff of Angry Alien Productions informed that they would indefinitely stop making re-enactments after Blade Runner .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ab60ac87828450612aceed371cae7356", "text": "Tom Wright (actor) Tom Wright ( born Harold Thomas Wright ; November 29 , 1952 ) is an American television and theatre actor .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ca67aa4745221f04abd88534f7ef9c35", "text": "Indian Agent (film) Indian Agent is a 1948 Western film starring Tim Holt as a cowboy trying to convince Indians not to go on the warpath due to the activities of a corrupt Indian agent . The film was finished in mid 1948 . It was released on a double bill with He Walked By Night .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "36e684bbb89d65b18cd6d5a316b5a120", "text": "Doug Timm Douglas Vernon Timm ( June 14 , 1960 -- July 21 , 1989 ) was an American composer and conductor best known for his many music scores , both in television and motion picture films . In a career which was cut short by a tragic event , he composed music for a variety of both television productions as well as motion pictures . His most popular works include music production and music scores to Nightflyers , Terror in the Aisles , as well as many TV series such as Designing Women , Dolphin Cove , The New Mike Hammer , and Simon and Simon .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a500c9db04db152bfcf231321a67d0a7", "text": "Jairek Robbins Jairek Robbins ( born May 26 , 1984 ) is an American performance coach and motivational speaker . He is the son of American life coach , self-help author , and motivational speaker Tony Robbins .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ec883076d2831ff5369b7687f5071b61", "text": "List of frequent Tim Burton collaborators Tim Burton ( born August 25 , 1958 ) is an American film director , film producer , writer and artist who often works with certain actors and crew members in multiple feature film directing projects . The actors who collaborated with Burton the most frequently are Johnny Depp , Helena Bonham Carter and Christopher Lee , who all appeared in eight , seven and six films , respectively . Film composer Danny Elfman composed the music for all of Burton 's feature films with the exception of Ed Wood ( 1994 ) , Sweeney Todd : The Demon Barber of Fleet Street ( 2007 ) and Miss Peregrine 's Home for Peculiar Children ( 2016 ) . He also composed the music for The Nightmare Before Christmas ( 1993 ) , a stop-motion animated film Burton co-wrote and produced . Other actors that Burton has worked with include Danny DeVito , Conchata Ferrell , Albert Finney , Carmen Filpi , Michael Gough , Eva Green , Pat Hingle , Jan Hooks , Rance Howard , Jeffrey Jones , O-Lan Jones , Michael Keaton , Martin Landau , Lisa Marie , Catherine O'Hara , Michelle Pfeiffer , Missi Pyle , Paul Reubens , Alan Rickman , Deep Roy , Winona Ryder , Diane Salinger , Glenn Shadix , Martin Short , Timothy Spall , Sylvia Sidney , Christopher Walken , Frank Welker , Terence Stamp and Paul Whitehouse . Catherine O'Hara , Paul Reubens , and Glenn Shadix also starred in The Nightmare Before Christmas . Actor Jason Hervey appeared in the short film Frankenweenie ( 1984 ) , before appearing in Burton 's feature film directing debut Pee-wee 's Big Adventure ( 1985 ) . Actor Vincent Price worked with Burton on three projects , hosting the television film Hansel and Gretel ( 1982 ) , narrating the short film Vincent ( 1982 ) and appearing in the feature film Edward Scissorhands ( 1990 ) . Actresses Ada and Arlene Tai worked with Burton as extras in Ed Wood before going on to be cast in Big Fish ( 2003 ) . In addition to starring in Beetlejuice , Edward Scissorhands and Frankenweenie , Winona Ryder appeared in the Burton-directed music video for The Killers ' `` Here with Me '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09109252fc83a6803dd86f19de21bac3", "text": "Tim Rooney Timothy Hayes Yule ( January 4 , 1947 -- September 23 , 2006 ) , better known as Tim Rooney , was an American actor and voice actor . He was the second son of actor Mickey Rooney and suffered from a muscle disease known as dermatomyositis .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a1feb0ae158aa48c4f791a10e3d36b2", "text": "Sylvester (film) Sylvester is a 1985 American family drama film directed by Tim Hunter and starring Richard Farnsworth and Melissa Gilbert . The movie was nominated for a Young Artist Award in 1986 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0cde16ebe9943bc2be0e284e4160e740", "text": "Rip Taylor Charles Elmer `` Rip '' Taylor , Jr. ( born January 13 , 1935 ) is an American actor and comedian . He is known for his exuberance and flamboyant personality , including his wild moustache and his habit of showering himself ( and others ) with confetti .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b4194bbe90406014b81ef690e54ee7a3", "text": "The Pirate (1978 film) The Pirate is a 1978 American two-part , four-hour television miniseries directed by Ken Annakin . It is based on the novel with the same title written by Harold Robbins . It was broadcast in two parts by CBS on November 21 -- 22 , 1978 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "f5392ac75e009f5928238c58a7d3ea7a", "text": "RMS Titanic RMS Titanic ( -LSB- taɪˈtænɪk -RSB- ) was a British passenger liner that sank in the North Atlantic Ocean in the early morning of 15 April 1912 , after colliding with an iceberg during her maiden voyage from Southampton to New York City . Of the estimated 2,224 passengers and crew aboard , more than 1,500 died , making it one of the deadliest commercial peacetime maritime disasters in modern history . The largest ship afloat at the time it entered service , the RMS Titanic was the second of three s operated by the White Star Line , and was built by the Harland and Wolff shipyard in Belfast . Thomas Andrews , her architect , died in the disaster . Under the command of Edward Smith , who went down with the ship , Titanic carried some of the wealthiest people in the world , as well as hundreds of emigrants from Great Britain and Ireland , Scandinavia and elsewhere throughout Europe seeking a new life in North America . The first-class accommodation was designed to be the pinnacle of comfort and luxury , with an on-board gymnasium , swimming pool , libraries , high-class restaurants and opulent cabins . A high-power radiotelegraph transmitter was available for sending passenger `` marconigrams '' and for the ship 's operational use . Although Titanic had advanced safety features such as watertight compartments and remotely activated watertight doors , there were not enough lifeboats to accommodate all of those aboard , due to outdated maritime safety regulations . Titanic only carried enough lifeboats for 1,178 people -- slightly more than half of the number on board , and one third of her total capacity . After leaving Southampton on 10 April 1912 , Titanic called at Cherbourg in France and Queenstown ( now Cobh ) in Ireland before heading west to New York . On 14 April , four days into the crossing and about 375 mi south of Newfoundland , she hit an iceberg at 11:40 p.m. ship 's time . The collision caused the ship 's hull plates to buckle inwards along her starboard ( right ) side and opened five of her sixteen watertight compartments to the sea ; she could only survive four flooding . Meanwhile , passengers and some crew members were evacuated in lifeboats , many of which were launched only partially loaded . A disproportionate number of men were left aboard because of a `` women and children first '' protocol for loading lifeboats . At 2:20 a.m. , she broke apart and foundered -- with well over one thousand people still aboard . Just under two hours after Titanic sank , the Cunard liner arrived at the scene , where she brought aboard an estimated 705 survivors . The disaster was greeted with worldwide shock and outrage at the huge loss of life and the regulatory and operational failures that had led to it . Public inquiries in Britain and the United States led to major improvements in maritime safety . One of their most important legacies was the establishment in 1914 of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea ( SOLAS ) , which still governs maritime safety today . Additionally , several new wireless regulations were passed around the world in an effort to learn from the many missteps in wireless communications -- which could have saved many more passengers . The wreck of Titanic , first discovered over 70 years after the sinking , remains on the seabed , split in two and gradually disintegrating at a depth of 12415 ft. Since her discovery in 1985 , thousands of artefacts have been recovered and put on display at museums around the world . Titanic has become one of the most famous ships in history ; her memory is kept alive by numerous works of popular culture , including books , folk songs , films , exhibits , and memorials . Titanic is the second largest ocean liner wreck in the world , only beaten by her sister , the largest ever sunk .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "3f1751891e90e3197f86338f6eb706de", "text": "Limitation of Liability Act of 1851 In United States maritime law , the Limitation of Liability Act of 1851 ( 46 U.S.C. app . § 183 ( 1984 ) ) historically , or ( 46 U.S.C. § § 30501 - 30512 ) since Feb. 1 , 2010 states that the owner of a vessel may limit damage claims to the value of the vessel at the end of the voyage plus `` pending freight , '' as long as the owner can prove it lacked knowledge of the problem beforehand . This Act was the subject of a 2001 United States Supreme Court case in Lewis v. Lewis & Clark Marine , Inc. . . Historically the statute has been invoked to limit the liability of certain parties in the sinking of the RMS Titanic and the Deepwater Horizon oil spill .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "30c49a18920fa7ed5afac680d5ee35ca", "text": "List of films about the RMS Titanic RMS Titanic has been featured in numerous films , TV movies and notable TV episodes . The 1997 film Titanic was one of highest-grossing films . On television , the Titanic has been featured in genres ranging from epic dramas to short cartoon parodies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e27f6053e9a254c16c91f5b6657d773", "text": "SS Lusitania The SS Lusitania was a Portuguese twin-screw ocean liner of 5557 tons , built in 1906 by Sir Raylton Dixon & Co , and owned by Empresa Nacional de Navegação , of Lisbon . The ship was wrecked on Bellows Rock off Cape Point , South Africa at 24h00 on 18 April 1911 in fog while en route from Lourenço Marques ( now Maputo ) , Mozambique , with 25 first-class , 57 second-class and 121 third-class passengers , and 475 African labourers . Out of the 774 people on board , eight died when a life boat capsized . On 20 April the ship slipped off the rock into 37 metres ( 121 feet ) of water to the east of the rock . The sinking of the Lusitania spurred the local authorities to construct a new lighthouse on the Cape Point .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "298ee36d288476a258b77e0dfe2c8fe6", "text": "HMS Salmon (N65) HMS Salmon was a Royal Navy S-class submarine which was launched on 30 April 1934 , and fought in the Second World War . Salmon is one of twelve boats named in the song `` Twelve Little S-Boats '' . On 4 December 1939 , while on patrol in the North Sea , Salmon torpedoed and sank . On 12 December 1939 , Salmon sighted the German liner . While challenging Bremen , an escorting Dornier Do 18 seaplane forced Salmon to dive . After diving the Salmon 's commander , Lieutenant Commander E. O. Bickford , decided not to torpedo the liner because he believed she was not a legal target . Bickford 's decision not to fire on Bremen likely delayed the start of unrestricted submarine warfare in the war . On 13 December 1939 , Salmon sighted a fleet of German warships . She fired a spread of torpedoes which damaged two German cruisers ( one was , the other , her younger sister ship , ) . Salmon evaded the fleet 's destroyers , which hunted her for two hours . She was lost , probably sunk by a mine , on 9 July 1940 . There is a report from 2008 that the same survey ship that found the wreck of the sister submarine HMS Shark also found the wreck of HMS Salmon nearby in waters off Norway .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b1f67bbc9c8fd3511c11fb9f77db8a9", "text": "SS King Orry (1913) TSS ( RMS ) King Orry ( III ) -- the third ship in the history of the Company to bear the name -- was a passenger steamer which served with the Isle of Man Steam Packet Company , until she was sunk during the evacuation of Dunkirk in 1940 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2b6b9291313c9f8ed80b31b189696f13", "text": "SS Suevic SS Suevic was a steamship built by Harland and Wolff in Belfast for the White Star Line . Suevic was the fifth and last of the `` Jubilee Class '' ocean liners , built specifically to service the Liverpool-Cape Town-Sydney route . In 1907 she was wrecked off the south coast of England , but in the largest rescue of its kind , all passengers and crew were saved . The ship herself was deliberately broken in two , and a new bow was attached to the salvaged stern portion . Later serving as a Norwegian whaling factory ship carrying the name Skytteren , she was scuttled off the Swedish coast in 1942 to prevent her capture by ships of Nazi Germany .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b523f4375876f07215a35f17407c3ed8", "text": "Bulgaria (ship) Bulgaria ( -LSB- Булга́рия , Bulgariya -RSB- ) was a class 785/OL800 Russian river cruise ship ( built in Komárno , Czechoslovakia ) which operated in the Volga-Don basin . On 10 July 2011 , Bulgaria sank in the Kuybyshev Reservoir of the Volga River near Syukeyevo , Kamsko-Ustyinsky District , Tatarstan , Russia , with 201 passengers and crew aboard when sailing from the town of Bolgar to the regional capital , Kazan . The catastrophe led to 122 confirmed deaths ( bodies recovered and identified ) . The sinking of Bulgaria was Russia 's worst maritime disaster since 1986 , when the collided with a cargo ship and 423 people died .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f0eefce6129fe73d7fffee1d25618d85", "text": "SS India (1896) SS India was a steam passenger liner operated by the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company ( P&O ) between 1896 and 1915 . India was the first of five sister ships built for P&O , the others being the Persia , China , Egypt and Arabia . India was the largest ship built for P&O at the time . Built by Caird & Company of Greenock , Scotland , she was launched on 15 April 1896 and entered service later that year , operating on P&O 's route between Britain , India and Australia . In 1900 she became the first ship to use P&O 's new harbour facilities at Fremantle . She initially remained in service with P&O after the outbreak of the First World War , and carried Admiral Doveton Sturdee from Gibraltar back to England after the Battle of the Falkland Islands . She was hired by the Admiralty on 13 March 1915 and was used as an armed merchant cruiser , serving in the 10th Cruiser Squadron . On 8 August that year she stopped off Helligvær , near Bodø , Norway , to investigate a suspected blockade runner , and was torpedoed by SM U-22 . India 's sinking caused the deaths of her 160 men . The surviving 22 officers and 119 men were taken to Narvik .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "48c0fb33144bf6111219f8debcea388b", "text": "Navigation Acts The Navigation Acts were a series of English laws that restricted colonial trade to England . They were first enacted in 1651 and throughout that time until 1663 , and were repealed in 1849 . They reflected the policy of mercantilism , which sought to keep all the benefits of trade inside the Empire , and to minimize the loss of gold and silver to foreigners . They prohibited the colonies from trading directly with the Netherlands , Spain , France , and their colonies . The original ordinance of 1651 was renewed at the Restoration by Acts of 1660 , 1663 , 1670 , and 1673 , with subsequent minor amendments . The Acts formed the basis for English overseas trade for nearly 200 years . Additionally the Acts restricted the employment of non-English sailors to a quarter of the crew on returning East India Company ships . The major impetuses for the Navigation Acts were the ruinous deterioration of English trade in the aftermath of the Eighty Years ' War , and the concomitant lifting of the Spanish embargoes on trade between the Spanish Empire and the Dutch Republic . The end of the embargoes in 1647 unleashed the full power of the Amsterdam Entrepôt and other Dutch competitive advantages in world trade . Within a few years , English merchants had practically been overwhelmed in the trade in the Iberian Peninsula , the Mediterranean and the Levant . Even the trade with English colonies ( partly still in the hands of the royalists , as the English Civil War was in its final stages and the Commonwealth of England had not yet imposed its authority throughout the English colonies ) was `` engrossed '' by Dutch merchants . English direct trade was crowded out by a sudden influx of commodities from the Levant , Mediterranean and the Spanish and Portuguese empires , and the West Indies via the Dutch Entrepôt , carried in Dutch ships and for Dutch account . The obvious solution seemed to be to seal off the English and Scottish markets to these unwanted imports . A precedent was the Act the Greenland Company had obtained from Parliament in 1645 prohibiting the import of whale products into England , except in ships owned by that company . This principle was now generalised . In 1648 the Levant Company petitioned Parliament for the prohibition of imports of Turkish goods '' ... from Holland and other places but directly from the places of their growth . '' Baltic traders added their voices to this chorus . In 1650 the Standing Council for Trade and the Council of State of the Commonwealth prepared a general policy designed to impede the flow of Mediterranean and colonial commodities via Holland and Zeeland into England . On the whole , the Acts of Trade and Navigation were obeyed , except for the Molasses Act of 1733 , which led to extensive smuggling because no effective means of enforcement was provided until the 1750s . Stricter enforcement under the Sugar Act of 1764 became one source of resentment of Great Britain by merchants in the American colonies . This in turn helped push the colonies to start the American Revolution in the late 18th century , even though the consensus view among modern economic historians and economists is that the `` costs imposed on -LSB- American -RSB- colonists by the trade restrictions of the Navigation Acts were small . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f5ab11e9d56729a6f94208ed506704e1", "text": "High Seas Fleet The High Seas Fleet ( Hochseeflotte ) was the battle fleet of the German Imperial Navy and saw action during the First World War . The formation was created in February 1907 , when the Home Fleet ( Heimatflotte ) was renamed as the High Seas Fleet . Admiral Alfred von Tirpitz was the architect of the fleet ; he envisioned a force powerful enough to challenge the Royal Navy 's predominance . Kaiser Wilhelm II , the German Emperor , championed the fleet as the instrument by which he would seize overseas possessions and make Germany a global power . By concentrating a powerful battle fleet in the North Sea while the Royal Navy was required to disperse its forces around the British Empire , Tirpitz believed Germany could achieve a balance of force that could seriously damage British naval hegemony . This was the heart of Tirpitz 's `` Risk Theory , '' which held that Britain would not challenge Germany if the latter 's fleet posed such a significant threat to its own . The primary component of the Fleet was its battleships , typically organized in eight-ship squadrons , though it also contained various other formations , including the I Scouting Group . At its creation in 1907 , the High Seas Fleet consisted of two squadrons of battleships , and by 1914 , a third squadron had been added . The dreadnought revolution in 1906 greatly affected the composition of the fleet ; the twenty-four pre-dreadnoughts in the fleet were rendered obsolete and required replacement . Enough dreadnoughts for two full squadrons were completed by the outbreak of war in mid 1914 ; the eight most modern pre-dreadnoughts were used to constitute a third squadron . Two additional squadrons of older vessels were mobilized at the onset of hostilities , though by the end of the conflict , these formations were disbanded . The fleet conducted a series of sorties into the North Sea during the war designed to lure out an isolated portion of the numerically superior British Grand Fleet . These operations frequently used the fast battlecruisers of the I Scouting Group to raid the British coast as the bait for the Royal Navy . These operations culminated in the Battle of Jutland , on 31 May -- 1 June 1916 , where the High Seas Fleet confronted the whole of the Grand Fleet . The battle was inconclusive , but the British won strategically , as it convinced Admiral Reinhard Scheer , the German fleet commander , that even a highly favorable outcome to a fleet action would not secure German victory in the war . Scheer and other leading admirals therefore advised the Kaiser to order a resumption of the unrestricted submarine warfare campaign . The primary responsibility of the High Seas Fleet in 1917 and 1918 was to secure the German naval bases in the North Sea for U-boat operations . Nevertheless , the fleet continued to conduct sorties into the North Sea and detached units for special operations in the Baltic Sea against the Russian Baltic Fleet . Following the German defeat in November 1918 , the Allies interned the bulk of the High Seas Fleet in Scapa Flow , where it was ultimately scuttled by its crews in June 1919 , days before the belligerents signed the Treaty of Versailles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d63fe83bf24fbe0e66d909c46b83909c", "text": "Northern North Sea basin The North Sea is part of the Atlantic Ocean in northern Europe . It is located between Norway and Denmark in the east , Scotland and England in the west , Germany , the Netherlands , Belgium and France in the south . The geology of the North Sea describes the geological features such as channels , trenches , and ridges today and the geological history , plate tectonics , geological events that created them . A geological basin is a large low-lying area or depression . It is often below sea level . Depressions are typically formed by tectonic processes acting on the lithosphere , providing `` accommodation space '' for sediment to be preserved . Basins are formed in a variety of tectonic settings : extensional , compressional , strike-slip and intraplate . Geological basins are one of the most common places which collect sediment . The type of rocks which form there tell about the palaeoclimate of the continent . The geology is of interest to oil prospectors , hydrologists and palaeontologists . Exploration in the North Sea was initiated in May 1964 when the first well was spudded and the area has now become one of the most prolific hydrocarbon provinces in the world . Total recoverable reserves found to date , including adjacent land areas , amount to over 100 billion barrels of oil and natural gas . Geologically speaking , the North Sea is divided into four main basins : Northern , Moray Firth , Central , and Southern . Each has a long and complex geologic history with unique structural and stratigraphic developments driven by tectonic events over the last 400 Million years . The northern North Sea Paleorift system , including the Viking and Sogn graben , is an approximately 150-200 km wide zone of extended upper crust with preserved strata from pre-Triassic to Tertiary . It is bounded by the Shetland Platform to the west and the Norwegian mainland to the east .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a7d1dbdebe279236440586c61c6c7543", "text": "Halsewell (East Indiaman) The Halsewell was an East Indiaman that was wrecked on 6 January 1786 at the start of a voyage from London to Madras . She lost her masts in a violent storm in the English Channel , and was driven onto the rocks below a cliff on the Isle of Purbeck in Dorset , England . The vicar of nearby Worth Matravers recorded the event in his parish register : Of over 240 crew and passengers , only 74 survived . The shipwreck shocked the nation . The King visited the scene of the tragedy . The wreck of the Halsewell was the subject of poems , paintings and an orchestral symphony . Many years later Charles Dickens described the wreck in a short story .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3f3d593462c86b5298e2386760b7f733", "text": "National Submarine War Memorial The National Submarine War Memorial ( also known as the National Submarine Memorial , the Submarine War Memorial and the Submariner Memorial ) is a memorial to Royal Navy submariners who died in the first and second world wars . It is set against the wall on the Victoria Embankment , near Charing Cross , London , England , and is a Grade II listed building . It is the focal point of a special memorial walk and laying of wreaths held each year by submariners on the Sunday preceding Remembrance Sunday . The memorial artist was Frederick Brook Hitch . In the centre of the memorial is a bas-relief showing the interior of a submarine and another with nereids swimming on either side . On the right and left are statues representing Truth and Justice . On either side of the central bronze plaques are 40 bronze wreath hooks in the form of anchors . At the top of the memorial is the inscription `` Erected to the memory of the officers and men of the British Navy who lost their lives serving in submarines 1914 -- 1918 and 1939 -- 1945 '' . On the left hand side is a list of the submarines lost in the 1914 -- 1918 conflict and on the right a list of submarines lost from 1939 to 1945 . The architect of the memorial was A. H. Ryan-Tenison and the foundry , Parlanti 's Ltd , carried out the casting . The memorial was unveiled on 15 December 1922 . In 1992 an additional plaque was added to commemorate the 70th anniversary of the unveiling of the original memorial . The 70th Anniversary plaque reads : `` National Submarine War Memorial ( 1922 ) This plaque commemorates the memorial 's seventieth anniversary and the contribution by the members of the submariners old comrades , London , in their devotion to the upkeep of this memorial , unveiled by Peter P. Rigby C.B.E.J.P. '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "41755cd1e375524612e32d94dc2225cb", "text": "List of First World War Victoria Cross recipients The Victoria Cross ( VC ) was awarded 628 times to 627 recipients for action in the First World War ( 1914 -- 1918 ) . The Victoria Cross is a military decoration awarded for valour `` in the face of the enemy '' to members of armed forces of some Commonwealth countries and previous British Empire territories . It takes precedence over all other Orders , decorations and medals ; it may be awarded to a person of any rank in any service and to civilians under military command . The award was officially constituted when Queen Victoria issued a warrant under the Royal sign-manual on 29 January 1856 that was gazetted on 5 February 1856 . The order was backdated to 1854 to recognise acts of valour during the Crimean War . The first awards ceremony was held on 26 June 1857 , where Queen Victoria invested 62 of the 111 Crimean recipients in a ceremony in Hyde Park . The First World War , also known as the Great War and in the United States as World War I , was a global military conflict that embroiled most of the world 's great powers , assembled in two opposing alliances : the Triple Entente and the Triple Alliance . More than 70 million military personnel were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history . The main combatants descended into a state of total war , directing their entire scientific and industrial capabilities into the war effort . Over 15 million people were killed , making it one of the deadliest conflicts in history . The proximate cause of war was the assassination on 28 June 1914 of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria . Soon after , a system of alliances were activated that would see Europe at war . The Western Front saw the largest concentration of Commonwealth troops with soldiers occupying sectors of the line from the North Sea to the Orne River . On 1 July 1916 , the first day of the Battle of the Somme , the British Army endured the bloodiest day in its history , suffering 57,470 casualties and 19,240 dead ; nine Victoria Crosses were awarded for action on that day . Most of the casualties occurred in the first hour of the attack . The entire Somme offensive cost the British Army almost half a million men . The war was not just fought on land ; the First World War saw major naval battles as well as the first large-scale use of military aircraft . The war at sea was mainly characterised by the efforts of the Allied Powers in blockading the Central Powers by sea . In return , the Central Powers attempted to break that blockade and establish an effective blockade of the British Isles and France with U-boats and raiders . The largest naval battle of the First World War was the Battle of Jutland which was the only full-scale clash of battleships in that war . Four Victoria Crosses were awarded for action at Jutland . The war in the air saw 19 VCs being awarded to airmen . The First World War saw significant interest in flying aces , including the German Manfred von Richthofen -- also known as The Red Baron -- as well as British aces such as Albert Ball , Mick Mannock and Billy Bishop , who were all Victoria Cross recipients . Hostilities ended on 11 November 1918 with the signing of the Armistice Treaty in the Compiègne Forest , but the war was not officially over until the various peace treaties were signed in 1919 . By the war 's end , four major imperial powers -- Germany , Russia , Austria-Hungary , and the Ottoman Empire -- had been militarily and politically defeated , and the latter two ceased to exist as autonomous entities . Of the 60 million European soldiers who were mobilised from 1914 -- 1918 , 8 million were killed , 7 million were permanently disabled , and 15 million were seriously injured . During the war , Britain called on its dominions and colonies , which provided invaluable military , financial and material support . The armies of the Dominions provided over 2.5 million men as well as many thousands of volunteers from the Crown colonies . The largest number of men came from the Indian sub continent , Canada , Australia and New Zealand . The Indian Contingent consisted of over 130,000 men in various capabilities and served primarily in France and Belgium . Over 9000 of them died and 11 of them were awarded the VC . The Australian Imperial Force ( AIF ) began forming on 15 August 1914 and remained a volunteer force for the entire war . Throughout the four years of conflict , 331,814 volunteers from Australia were sent overseas with 63 VCs awarded ; nine of these were given for the Gallipoli Campaign . Eleven members of the New Zealand Expeditionary Force ( NZEF ) were awarded the Victoria Cross . The Canadian Expeditionary Force ( CEF ) saw over 600,000 enlistments throughout its four-year history with 71 VCs awarded . At the outbreak of the hostilities , Newfoundland was a separate dominion and 2 soldiers from Newfoundland were awarded the Victoria Cross . The 628 awards of the Victoria Cross given for action during the First World War account for almost half the 1356 Victoria Crosses awarded throughout its history ; in comparison the Second World War saw 181 medals awarded . Noel Godfrey Chavasse was awarded the Victoria Cross and Bar , for two separate actions in the First World War on the battlefields of Mametz and Passchendaele . He died from wounds received in the second action . Arthur Martin-Leake received a Bar to his Victoria Cross for action in the First World War ; he had been awarded his first Victoria Cross for action in the Second Boer War . Of the 627 recipients 159 were awarded posthumously .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eaad66e7543cf381949cfed126f4e866", "text": "RMS Baltic (1903) RMS Baltic was an ocean liner of the White Star Line that sailed between 1904 and 1933 . At 23,876 gross tons , she was the world 's largest ship until 1905 . She was the third of a quartet of ships , all measuring over 20,000 gross tons , dubbed The Big Four ( the other three being , , and ) . She was launched on 21 November 1903 by Harland and Wolff at Belfast and sailed from Liverpool on her maiden voyage to New York on 29 June 1904 with Captain Edward Smith in command . On 23 January 1909 ( commanded by J. B. Ranson ) , she rescued survivors of the collision in fog between the White Star Line 's and the off the north eastern coast of the United States , after which Republic sank . On 30 June 1910 Baltic was in collision with the German steamer Standard . Baltic was holed above the waterline while Standards bow was badly damaged . On 14 April 1912 , Baltic sent an ice warning message to the : `` Greek steamer Athenia reports passing icebergs and large quantities of field ice today in latitude 41 ° 51 ' N , longitude 49 ° 52 ' W. Wish you and Titanic all success . Commander . '' She was also involved in a rescue on 6 December 1929 , when she assisted the sinking schooner Northern Light . On 17 February 1933 , she sailed for Osaka , Japan where she was scrapped .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f054a67b1ced3f2ccb93078df8d6d3f5", "text": "Battle of the Sound The naval Battle of the Sound took place on 8 November 1658 ( 29 October O.S. ) during the Second Northern War , near the Sound or Øresund , just north of the Danish capital , Copenhagen . Sweden had invaded Denmark and an army under Charles X of Sweden had Copenhagen itself under siege . The Dutch fleet was sent to prevent Sweden from gaining control of both sides of the Sound and thereby controlling access to the Baltic Sea as well as of its trade . The Dutch , under the command of Lieutenant-Admiral Jacob van Wassenaer Obdam with Egbert Bartholomeusz Kortenaer as his flag captain , who had sailed to the Baltic in support of Denmark , had 41 ships with 1413 guns while the Swedes , under Lord High Admiral Carl Gustaf Wrangel , had 45 ships with 1838 guns . The Dutch were grouped into three squadrons , while the Swedes separated their ships into four . The seven Danish ships with about 280 guns were unable to assist their Dutch allies because of adverse northern winds and could only watch . Obdam , who first received very complicated written instructions from the Grand Pensionary , Johan de Witt , and went so far as to request them again `` in three words '' , summed up his mission in a single sentence : `` Save Copenhagen and punch anyone in the face who tries to prevent it '' . This was a direct reference to the English , whose powerful fleet had recently defeated the Dutch in the First Anglo-Dutch War ; in the event , however , the English did not intervene . The Swedes attacked aggressively , but failed to gain the upper hand , primarily because the approaching Dutch had the weather gage . The Dutch forced the Swedish fleet to end the blockade of the Danish capital , enabling its resupply by Dutch armed transport ships , which eventually forced Charles to abandon the siege entirely . The Swedes lost five ships in the action compared to one Dutch ship , however , remaining allied ships were more damaged . Also , considering the slightly fewer losses of men in the Swedish navy ; 1,200 compared to 1,400 ( 439 killed , 269 captured and slightly more than 650 wounded allies ) , the battle is considered a tactical draw . Strategically , however , it was a major allied victory .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce2917175214850e7dacfdcbef148f08", "text": "Titanic II Titanic II is a planned ocean liner , to be built as a modern-day replica of the Olympic-class . The new ship will have a gross tonnage ( GT ) of 56,000 while the original ship measured about 46,000 gross register tons ( GRT ) . The project was announced by Australian millionaire Clive Palmer in April 2012 , as the flagship of a proposed cruise company Blue Star Line Pty. Ltd. of Brisbane , Australia . The intended launch date was originally set in 2016 , with the ship sailing from Southampton to New York within the same year . However , construction of the ship has been delayed to 2018 . , construction is yet to commence .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d1eb189897d5610223002042c6d0fee3", "text": "Titanic II (film) Titanic II ( also entitled Titanic 2 ) is a 2010 low-budget disaster film written , directed by , and starring Shane Van Dyke and distributed by The Asylum . Despite this title , the film is not a sequel to the 1997 film by James Cameron , although movie website Dread Central has suggested the film may be a mockbuster of it . It was released direct-to-TV in Australia on August 7 , 2010 . It premiered on Syfy on Sky in the UK and Ireland on August 9 . It was released on August 25 in the United States . The film is set on a fictional replica Titanic that sets off exactly 100 years after the original ship 's maiden voyage to perform the reverse route , but global warming and the forces of nature cause history to repeat itself on the same night , only on a more disastrous and deadly scale .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55f6403a5f6ae8a25b2e321e5a7a7d91", "text": "Ship's tender A ship 's tender , usually referred to as a tender , is a boat , or a larger ship used to service or support other boats or ships , generally by transporting people and/or supplies to and from shore or another ship . Smaller boats may also have tenders , usually called dinghies . For a variety of reasons , it is not always advisable to try to tie a ship up at a dock ; the weather or the sea might be rough , the time might be short , or the ship too large to fit . In such cases tenders provide the link from ship to shore , and may have a very busy schedule of back-and-forth trips while the ship is in port . On cruise ships , lifeboat tenders do double duty , serving as tenders in day-to-day activities , but fully equipped to act as lifeboats in an emergency . They are generally carried on davits just above the promenade deck , and may at first glance appear to be regular lifeboats ; but they are usually larger and better-equipped . Current lifeboat tender designs favor catamaran models , since they are less likely to roll in the calm to moderate conditions in which tenders are usually used . They typically carry up to 100 to 150 passengers and two to three crew members . Before these ships were mass-produced , the main way to board a larger ship ( mainly ocean liners ) was to board a passenger tender . Passenger tenders remained based at their ports of registry , and when a ship came through the area , the tender would tie up with the ship and embark passengers on an elevated walkway . These vessels were larger , had a greater passenger capacity , and a broader sense of individuality in their respective companies than the more modern tenders seen today . Because of their increased size , lifeboats and life preservers were commonplace on board these ships ( with two boats being the standard amount for an average tender ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74d930dff8a2695b26c3c49cc11e7330", "text": "List of ships sunk by icebergs A non-exhaustive listing of ships which have sunk as a result of striking ice masses of larger than `` growler '' or pack size ( such collisions with minor ice are comparatively common , usually resulting in lesser damage ) . Note that many vessels have been lost without a trace in seas containing icebergs ; these are not listed due to other possible explanations and lack of survivor testimony .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "9775a88b17ddda1475a828b883bee70b", "text": "Helena Bonham Carter Helena Bonham Carter , ( born 26 May 1966 ) is an English actress . She is known for her roles in low-budget arthouse and independent films to large-scale Hollywood productions . She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for her role as Kate Croy in The Wings of the Dove ( 1997 ) . For her role as Queen Elizabeth in The King 's Speech ( 2010 ) , she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress and won the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role . She also won the 2010 International Emmy Award for Best Actress for her role as British author Enid Blyton in the TV film Enid ( 2009 ) . Bonham Carter began her film career playing the title character in Lady Jane ( 1986 ) , and playing Lucy Honeychurch in A Room with a View ( 1986 ) . Her other film roles include Ophelia in Hamlet ( 1990 ) , Where Angels Fear to Tread ( 1991 ) , Howards End ( 1992 ) , Elizabeth Lavenza in Mary Shelley 's Frankenstein ( 1994 ) , Woody Allen 's Mighty Aphrodite ( 1995 ) , Fight Club ( 1999 ) , Bellatrix Lestrange in the Harry Potter series ( 2007 -- 11 ) , Terminator Salvation ( 2009 ) , Miss Havisham in Great Expectations ( 2012 ) , Madame Thénardier in Les Misérables ( 2012 ) , and The Fairy Godmother in Cinderella ( 2015 ) . She has frequently collaborated with director Tim Burton ; in Planet of the Apes ( 2001 ) , Big Fish ( 2003 ) , Corpse Bride ( 2005 ) , Charlie and the Chocolate Factory ( 2005 ) , Mrs. Lovett in Sweeney Todd : The Demon Barber of Fleet Street ( 2007 ) , Dark Shadows ( 2012 ) , and playing the Red Queen in Alice in Wonderland ( 2010 ) and its sequel Alice Through the Looking Glass ( 2016 ) . Her other television films include A Pattern of Roses ( 1983 ) , Fatal Deception : Mrs. Lee Harvey Oswald ( 1993 ) , Live from Baghdad ( 2002 ) , Toast ( 2010 ) , and Burton & Taylor ( 2013 ) . She was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( CBE ) in the 2012 New Year Honours list for services to drama , and in January 2014 , the British prime minister , David Cameron , announced that Bonham Carter had been appointed to Britain 's new national Holocaust Commission .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "3342fd005c044356b5476bb3bf07ddc9", "text": "Diana: Last Days of a Princess Diana : Last Days of a Princess is a television movie broadcast in the United States by TLC on 12 August 2007 and subsequent dates . It also has aired on Five , UKTV History and UKTV Drama in Great Britain , RTÉ in Ireland , ProSieben in Germany , TF1 in France , RTP in Portugal , Channel 7 in Australia , Channel One in Russia , Jim in Finland and the History Channel in India . The film purports to be a fairly accurate ( albeit semi-fictionalized ) account of the last two months in the life of Diana , Princess of Wales , leading up to her death on 31 August 1997 . It is a mix of scripted scenes , actual news footage , and recent interviews with some of the principals present during the period portrayed , including Mohamed Al-Fayed and editors from The Sunday Mirror , giving it a hybrid drama-documentary feel . Much of Jenny Lecoat 's teleplay is based on testimony found in the 800-page Paget Report , published in 2006 by the United Kingdom 's Metropolitan Police Service following a four-year-long investigation . Richard Dale directed a cast that includes Genevieve O'Reilly as Diana , Patrick Baladi as Dodi Al-Fayed , and Shaun Dooley as Al-Fayed family security guard Trevor Rees-Jones , Nadim Sawalha as Mohamed Al-Fayed , and Carlo Ferrante as Henri Paul , the driver of the car in which he , Diana , and Dodi were killed during a high-speed escape from paparazzi through the streets of Paris . The Halton House in Wendover , Buckinghamshire served as the backdrop for scenes taking place at the Hôtel Ritz Paris . Other film locations included Hertfordshire , Paris ( including the Pont de l'Alma Tunnel in which the car crashed ) and Cannes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a6b8fd45bf4e88231800fa7563cf1ce", "text": "Excalibur (film) Excalibur is a 1981 British epic fantasy war drama film directed , produced , and co-written by John Boorman that retells the legend of King Arthur and the knights of the Round Table , based solely on the 15th century Arthurian romance Le Morte d'Arthur by Thomas Malory . It stars Nigel Terry as Arthur , Nicol Williamson as Merlin , Nicholas Clay as Lancelot , Cherie Lunghi as Guenevere , Helen Mirren as Morgana , Liam Neeson as Gawain , Corin Redgrave as Cornwall , and Patrick Stewart as Leondegrance . The film is named after the legendary sword of King Arthur that features prominently in Arthurian literature . The film 's soundtrack features the music of Richard Wagner and Carl Orff , along with an original score by Trevor Jones . Excalibur was shot entirely on location in Ireland , employing Irish actors and crew . It has been acknowledged for its importance to the Irish filmmaking industry and for helping launch the film and acting careers of a number of Irish and English actors , including Mirren , Neeson , Stewart , Gabriel Byrne , Neil Jordan , and Ciarán Hinds . Excalibur achieved moderate box office success while receiving mixed reviews . Film critics Roger Ebert and Vincent Canby criticised the film 's plot and characters , although they and other reviewers praised its visual style . Excalibur opened at number one in the United States , eventually grossing $ 34,967,437 on a budget of around US$ 11 million to rank 18th in that year 's receipts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "50a460dd4b191c74503b0eae967cc6a7", "text": "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (film) Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix is a 2007 British-American fantasy film directed by David Yates and distributed by Warner Bros. . Pictures . It is based on the novel of the same name by J. K. Rowling . The film , which is the fifth instalment in the Harry Potter film series , was written by Michael Goldenberg ( making this the only film in the series not to be scripted by Steve Kloves ) and produced by David Heyman and David Barron . The story follows Harry Potter 's fifth year at Hogwarts as the Ministry of Magic is in denial of Lord Voldemort 's return . The film stars Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter , alongside Rupert Grint and Emma Watson as Harry 's best friends Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger . It is the sequel to Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire and is followed by Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince . Live-action filming took place in England and Scotland for exterior locations and Leavesden Film Studios in Watford for interior locations from February to November 2006 , with a one-month break in June . Post-production on the film continued for several months afterwards to add in visual effects . The film 's budget was reportedly between # 75 and 100 million ( $ 150 -- 200 million ) . Warner Bros. released the film in the United Kingdom on 12 July 2007 and in North America on 11 July , both in conventional and IMAX theatres ; it is the first Potter film to be released in IMAX 3D . As of April 2017 , Order of the Phoenix is the 39th-highest-grossing film of all time , and a critical and commercial success . The film opened to a worldwide 5-day opening of $ 333 million , fourteenth all-time , and grossed nearly $ 940 million total , second to Pirates of the Caribbean : At World 's End for the greatest total of 2007 . The film was nominated for two BAFTA Film Awards in 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8c240925fb5282b073aeb4734d174905", "text": "Claire Foy Claire Foy ( born 16 April 1984 ) is an English actress . She studied drama and screen studies at Liverpool John Moores University and trained at the Oxford School of Drama , where she appeared in four plays , including Watership Down . She made her screen debut in the pilot episode of Being Human ( 2008 ) and in an episode of the BBC soap opera Doctors ( 2008 ) . Following her professional stage debut at the Royal National Theatre , she played the title role in the BBC One production of Little Dorrit , ( 2008 ) , and made her film debut as Anna in Season of the Witch ( 2011 ) . She had main roles as Erin Matthews in the Channel 4 series The Promise ( 2011 ) and several other television films and miniseries , including as Kate Balfour in the NBC series Crossbones ( 2014 ) . She received unanimous praise for her performance as Anne Boleyn in BBC2 's Wolf Hall ( 2015 ) , for which she was nominated for the British Academy Television Award for Best Actress and the Critics ' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Movie/Miniseries . Since 2016 , she has portrayed the young Queen Elizabeth II on the Netflix series The Crown , a role for which she has received critical acclaim and won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress - Television Series Drama and the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Drama Series , and was nominated for the BAFTA TV Award for Best Actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f9ce626e45289d05fee4c6ef9ed9aa4", "text": "King's Rhapsody King 's Rhapsody is a musical with book and music by Ivor Novello and lyrics by Christopher Hassall . The musical was first produced at the Palace Theatre , London , on 15 September 1949 and ran for 841 performances , surviving its author , who died in 1951 . It starred Novello in the title role of the heir to the throne under pressure from his long-lived mother , Queen Elana , to abdicate in favour of his infant son , with Phyllis Dare as his mistress Marta Karillos , Zena Dare as Queen Elana , Vanessa Lee as Princess Cristiane , Robert Andrews as Vanescu , and Olive Gilbert as Countess Vera . A 1955 film adaptation was made , starring Errol Flynn .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54ad3e3989f7cfe79497c848e384f212", "text": "Queen's Theatre, Hornchurch The Queen 's Theatre is a 500-seat producing theatre located in Hornchurch in the London Borough of Havering , east London . The theatre opened in its current purpose-built site on Billet Lane , Hornchurch in 1975 . From 1953 to 1975 the theatre had occupied a converted , and for some time derelict , cinema on Station Lane ( the site of the present Ripon House development ) that had been used for storage during the Second World War . The theatre originally opened in the coronation year of Queen Elizabeth II and its name reflects this . The opening production was See How They Run . The building deteriorated and the London Borough of Havering built the new theatre . It was opened by Sir Peter Hall in April 1975 , with a production of Joseph and the Amazing Technicolour Dreamcoat . Home to the original productions of the award-winning Return to the Forbidden Planet and Blood Brothers , performers such as Maggie Smith , Martin Shaw , Joan Plowright , Prunella Scales , Nigel Hawthorn , Carol Sloman , Lucy Benjamin , Gemma Salter , Bernard Cribbins , Conn O'Neill and theatre-makers and artists David Eldridge , Chris Bond , Bob Carlton , Bob Eaton , Glen Walford , Nichola McAuliffe , Tim Firth , Dan Murphy and Richard O'Brien the Queen 's Theatre , over its 60 plus year history , has built a track record in creating the best in live entertainment . The theatre 's current artistic director is Douglas Rintoul who was appointed in 2015 . The theatre 's previous artistic directors include Bob Carlton , Marina Calderone and Bob Tomson . The Queen 's Theatre produces over eights shows a year and has a vibrant learning and participatory programme engaging over 11,000 participants annually , enabling people to express themselves and their stories through the arts . The Queen 's Theatre works with educational institutions , amateur theatre groups , professional arts groups and wellbeing organizations , but is also widely connected to the larger theatre landscape in the UK and abroad . Current partnerships include co-productions with the New Wolsey Theatre Ipswich , Salisbury Playhouse , Watford Palace Theatre , Rifco , Sell a Door and The Grand Théâtre de Luxembourg . Behind the scenes there is a carpentry workshop , scenic artists and a wardrobe department creating sets and costumes on-site . The theatre was honoured with a visit from HM The Queen in 2003 , the theatre 's fiftieth anniversary , and in 2013 the theatre celebrated its Diamond Jubilee . The Queen 's Theatre is a registered charity and receives regular funding from the London Borough of Havering and is an Arts Council of England National Portfolio Organisation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "343faa2922f0d3ecf5ab80e64fa2eed2", "text": "State funerals in the United Kingdom In the United Kingdom , a state funeral is usually reserved for a monarch . The last such funeral was held in 1952 for King George VI . In addition , very exceptionally , a state funeral may be held to honour a highly distinguished figure , with the approval of the monarch and with Parliament 's approval ( of the expenditure of public funds ) . This last happened in 1965 for Sir Winston Churchill . Other funerals ( including those of senior members of the Royal Family and high-ranking public figures ) may share many of the characteristics of a state funeral without being gazetted as such ; for these , the term ` ceremonial funeral ' is used . In the 21st century , the funerals of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother ( 2002 ) and Baroness Thatcher ( 2013 ) have fallen into this category . Along with the funeral service itself ( which will be a large-scale national occasion ) , these events tend to be characterized by the use of a gun carriage to transport the coffin between locations , accompanied by a procession of military bands and detachments along with mourners and other officials . They may also feature a lying in state and other associated ceremonies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d667e055553610f8b137dca41b849039", "text": "Crissy Rock Crissy Rock ( born Christine Murray ; 23 September 1958 ) is an English award-winning actress , stand-up comedian , and best-selling author , most notable for her role as Maggie Conlan in the 1994 film Ladybird , Ladybird , and as Janey York in Benidorm whom she played from 2007 , until 2011 when she was axed from the show , although she returned in Episode 6 of Series 5 for a cameo role , and then again for two episodes of Series 7 in 2015 . She appeared in I 'm a Celebrity ... Get Me Out of Here ! 2011 . In December 2012 , she appeared on Celebrity Come Dine With Me . For her performance in Ladybird , Ladybird , she won the Silver Bear for Best Actress award at the 44th Berlin International Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "17086c772a33ab1ac4e238e3fe061599", "text": "Terry Pratchett's Hogfather Terry Pratchett 's Hogfather is a two-part television film adaptation of Hogfather by Terry Pratchett , produced by The Mob , and first broadcast on Sky One , and in High Definition on Sky1 HD , over Christmas 2006 . First aired in two 1.5 hour episodes on the 17th and 18 December 2006 at 20:00 UTC , it was the first live-action film adaptation of a Discworld novel . In 2007 , the two episodes were rerun on Christmas Eve and Christmas Day respectively on Sky One and Sky1 HD . Hogfather won the Interactivity Award at the 2007 BAFTA TV Awards for its use of the interactive options available on digital television .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "363707d675f0a005885c6618422cdada", "text": "Cate Blanchett on screen and stage Cate Blanchett is an Australian actress who has extensively appeared in film and stage . She made her stage debut in 1992 by playing Electra in the National Institute of Dramatic Art production of the same name . She followed it with performances in Timothy Daly 's Kafka Dances ( 1993 ) and the Sydney Theatre Company stage production of Oleanna ( 1993 ) opposite Geoffrey Rush . Blanchett won the Sydney Theatre Critics Award for Best Newcomer for the former and Best Actress for the latter , making her the first person to win both awards at once . She went on to perform several roles on stage , notably Susan Traherne in Plenty ( 1999 ) , Hedda Gabler in Hedda Gabler ( 2004 ) , Blanche DuBois in A Streetcar Named Desire ( 2009 ) , Yelena in Uncle Vanya ( 2011 ) and Claire in The Maids ( 2013 ) . In 1997 , Blanchett made her feature film debut in a supporting role in the World War II drama Paradise Road . The same year , she had her first leading role in Oscar and Lucinda , which earned her an AACTA Award nomination for Best Actress . Blanchett received worldwide attention for playing Queen Elizabeth I of England in the acclaimed drama Elizabeth ( 1998 ) . Her performance garnered her a Golden Globe and a BAFTA Award for Best Actress and her first Academy Award nomination for Best Actress . Elizabeth and her next film , the thriller The Talented Mr. Ripley ( 1999 ) , performed well at the box office . However , her other 1999 releasesthe widely praised An Ideal Husband and the largely panned Pushing Tinwere unsuccessful . Blanchett found greater success for portraying Galadriel in Peter Jackson 's epic fantasy trilogy The Lord of the Rings ( 2001-03 ) . During this period , she also appeared in several films which had mixed reception and performed poorly at the box office . She won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress , among other honors for portraying Katharine Hepburn in Martin Scorsese 's 2004 drama The Aviator , making her the only actor to win an Oscar for portraying another Oscar-winning actor . Her only screen appearance in 2005 was in Little Fish , for which she won the AACTA Award for Best Actress . Blanchett 's performance in the 2006 thriller Notes on a Scandal garnered her another Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress . In 2007 , she received both Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress Oscar nominations for her roles in Elizabeth : The Golden Age and I 'm Not There , becoming one of the few actors to achieve this feat . In 2008 , Blanchett appeared in Steven Spielberg 's action adventure Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull and David Fincher 's fantasy drama The Curious Case of Benjamin Button . She briefly reprised her role of Galadriel in the The Hobbit trilogy ( 2012-14 ) . For her performance as the titular socialite in Woody Allen 's 2013 drama Blue Jasmine , Blanchett won the Golden Globe , the BAFTA Award , the SAG Award and the Academy Award for Best Actress . In 2014 , she voiced Valka in the $ 620 million-grossing animated fantasy How to Train Your Dragon 2 . In 2015 , she received praise for playing Lady Tremaine in Disney 's live action film Cinderella , Mary Mapes in Truth and the titular character in Todd Haynes 's romantic drama Carol . Cinderella was a notable box office success while Carol garnered her seventh Oscar nomination . Blanchett made her Broadway debut in 2017 with The Present , receiving her first Tony Award nomination for the Best Actress in a Play .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4debceab3c80314b473057b47fa295f7", "text": "Christopher Plummer Arthur Christopher Orme Plummer ( born December 13 , 1929 ) is a Canadian theatre , film and television actor . After making his film debut in Stage Struck ( 1958 ) , Plummer went on to a successful film career , now spanning more than five decades . Some of his most notable film performances include : The Sound of Music ( 1965 ) , Battle of Britain ( 1969 ) , Waterloo ( 1970 ) , The Return of the Pink Panther ( 1975 ) , Murder by Decree ( 1979 ) , Dragnet ( 1987 ) , Star Trek VI : The Undiscovered Country ( 1991 ) , A Beautiful Mind ( 2001 ) , Nicholas Nickleby ( 2002 ) , National Treasure ( 2004 ) , The New World ( 2005 ) , Inside Man ( 2006 ) , Up ( 2009 ) , The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus ( 2009 ) , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo ( 2011 ) . In a career which includes substantial roles in each of the dramatic arts , Plummer is best known to film audiences as the aristocratic widower , Captain Georg von Trapp , in the musical film The Sound of Music ( 1965 ) , alongside Julie Andrews . Plummer has ventured into various television projects , including the miniseries The Thorn Birds ( 1983 ) . Plummer has notably portrayed several historical figures , including Arthur Wellesley , First Duke of Wellington in Waterloo ( 1970 ) , Rudyard Kipling in The Man Who Would Be King ( 1975 ) , Mike Wallace in The Insider ( 1999 ) , and Leo Tolstoy in The Last Station ( 2009 ) . Plummer has won numerous awards and accolades for his work , including an Academy Award , two Emmy Awards , two Tony Awards , a Golden Globe Award , a SAG Award , and a BAFTA Award . With his win at age 82 in 2012 for Beginners , Plummer is the oldest actor ever to win an Academy Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "904eff6dde3289b8662d118f29542217", "text": "Tom Baker (English actor) Thomas Stewart `` Tom '' Baker ( born 20 January 1934 ) is an English actor . He is known for his portrayal of the fourth incarnation of the Doctor in the science fiction series Doctor Who from 1974 to 1981 , a longer tenure than any other actor , and for the narration of the comedy series Little Britain . Baker 's voice , which has been described as `` sonorous '' , was voted the fourth-most recognisable in the UK . At the age of 15 Baker began study as a monk . However , he gradually lost his vocation and at 21 he left monastic life and undertook National Service in the Royal Army Medical Corps . On leaving the army , he joined the Merchant Navy and then became an actor , joining the Royal National Theatre Company under Laurence Olivier . Baker was in his thirties when his professional acting career began , and his first major film role was as Grigori Rasputin in Nicholas and Alexandra in 1971 , when he was 37 . He went on to play the villainous Prince Koura in The Golden Voyage of Sinbad in 1973 , which led to his casting in Doctor Who . During his period as its star , the series was distinguished by high viewing figures and many stories which became regarded as classics . He remains one of the most instantly recognisable incarnations of the character . He continued to win regular roles in TV later in his career , most notably in the series Medics and Monarch of the Glen . In addition to performing acting roles , Baker has narrated commercials , video games , audiobooks and television series . In a poll for the BBC Homes and Antiques magazine in January 2006 , Baker was voted the world 's fourth-most eccentric star . He was beaten by Björk , Chris Eubank and David Icke . Married three times , the second to Doctor Who co-star Lalla Ward , Baker has two sons from his first marriage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b5909d535fdd2055f6cbb1d0b1ef214", "text": "Samantha Morton Samantha Jane Morton ( born 13 May 1977 ) is an English actress , screenwriter and director . She has received critical acclaim and numerous accolades throughout her career , including one BAFTA Award , one BIFA Award , one Golden Globe Award and has been nominated twice for an Academy Award and once for an Emmy Award . She has been described as one of the greatest actresses of her generation . Brought up in Nottingham , Morton joined the Central Junior Television Workshop , and soon began her career in British television in 1991 . She guest-starred in Soldier Soldier and Cracker and appeared from 1995 to 1996 in the ITV series Band of Gold . She made the transition to film with lead roles in the dramas Emma ( 1996 ) , Jane Eyre ( 1997 ) and the well-received Under the Skin ( 1997 ) . The latter made director Woody Allen cast Morton in Sweet and Lowdown ( 1999 ) , which earned her nominations for the Academy Award and the Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actress . In the 2000s , Morton continued to draw critical praise for her performances in numerous arthouse and independent films . Her role in Morvern Callar ( 2002 ) garnered her the BIFA Award for Best Actress , and she received her second Academy Award nomination , this time in the Best Actress category , for In America ( 2003 ) . She also found mainstream success with the science fiction thriller Minority Report ( 2002 ) . For her role in 2006 's television biopic Longford , she received BAFTA and Emmy Award nominations and won the Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actress -- Television Film . Morton starred in the dramas Control ( 2007 ) , Synecdoche , New York ( 2008 ) and The Messenger ( 2009 ) , and she made her directorial debut with the British television film The Unloved ( 2009 ) , winning the BAFTA Television Award for Best Single Drama . Her most recent acting credits include the science fiction action film John Carter ( 2012 ) , the thriller Cosmopolis ( 2012 ) , the drama Decoding Annie Parker ( 2013 ) , the period film Miss Julie ( 2014 ) , the European limited series The Last Panthers ( 2015 ) and the film adaptation Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them ( 2016 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3352c91772836f51de4cf3f02487e44", "text": "Colin Firth Colin Andrew Firth , ( born 10 September 1960 ) is an English actor . His films have grossed more than $ 3 billion from 42 releases worldwide . Firth has received an Academy Award , a Golden Globe Award , two BAFTA Awards , and three Screen Actors Guild Awards , as well as the Volpi Cup . Firth 's most notable and acclaimed role to date has been his 2010 portrayal of King George VI in The King 's Speech , a performance that earned him an Oscar and multiple worldwide best actor awards . Identified in the late 1980s with the `` Brit Pack '' of rising , young British actors , it was not until Firth 's portrayal of Mr. Darcy in the 1995 television adaptation of Jane Austen 's Pride and Prejudice that he received more widespread attention . This led to roles in films such as The English Patient , Bridget Jones 's Diary ( for which Firth was nominated for a BAFTA ) , Shakespeare in Love , and Love Actually . In 2009 , Firth received widespread critical acclaim for his leading role in A Single Man , for which Firth gained his first Academy Award nomination , and won a BAFTA Award . Firth starred in the action spy movie Kingsman : The Secret Service in 2014 , which was a commercial success and received generally positive reviews . In 2011 , Firth received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame , and was also selected as one of the Time 100 . He was awarded an honorary degree from the University of Winchester in 2007 , and was made a Freeman of the City of London in 2012 . He has campaigned for the rights of indigenous tribal peoples , and is a member of Survival International . Firth has also campaigned on issues of asylum seekers , refugees ' rights , and the environment . He commissioned and is credited as a co-author on a scientific paper on a study into the differences in brain structure between people of differing political orientations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1aa8ac349062925ac641304f26492821", "text": "Speech to the Troops at Tilbury The Speech to the Troops at Tilbury was delivered on 9 August Old Style ( 19 August New Style ) 1588 by Queen Elizabeth I of England to the land forces earlier assembled at Tilbury in Essex in preparation for repelling the expected invasion by the Spanish Armada . Before the speech the Armada had been driven from the Strait of Dover in the Battle of Gravelines eleven days earlier , and had by then rounded Scotland on its way home , but troops were still held at ready in case the Spanish army of Alexander Farnese , the Duke of Parma , might yet attempt to invade from Dunkirk ; two days later they were discharged . On the day of the speech , the Queen left her bodyguard before Tilbury Fort and went among her subjects with an escort of six men . Lord Ormonde walked ahead with the Sword of State ; he was followed by a page leading the Queen 's charger and another bearing her silver helmet on a cushion ; then came the Queen herself , in white with a silver cuirass and mounted on a grey gelding . She was flanked on horseback by her lieutenant general the Earl of Leicester on the right , and on the left by the Earl of Essex , her Master of the Horse . Sir John Norreys brought up the rear .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6105aa37458c437cb4b2e2d9c5702b81", "text": "Haymarket Theatre (Leicester) The Haymarket Theatre is a theatre in Leicester , England , based in the Haymarket Shopping Centre on Belgrave Gate in Leicester city centre . The Leicester City Council purchased a 99-year lease of the Haymarket Theatre on behalf of the public on 29 September 1974 . The Leicester Theatre Trust operated the theatre from this date then vacated in 2007 in favour of the new Curve Theatre , Leicester on Halford Street . The Metal Tree sculpture by Hubert Dalwood , located at the front of the entrance to the Haymarket Theatre , is the only major piece of abstract sculpture in the city centre . The Haymarket Theatre was opened by Sir Ralph Richardson and the opening season started with The Recruiting Officer on the 17th October 1973 , Economic Necessity on the 24th of October and Cabaret on the 21st of November . The last show on was Wizard of Oz starring Helena Blackman and Ceri Dupree in 2006 . On 3 June 2016 plans were announced to re-open the Haymarket Theatre as a performance and training venue .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fe0a358f675a3134302798e5f648c410", "text": "Skyfall Skyfall is the 23rd James Bond film produced by Eon Productions and released in 2012 . It features Daniel Craig in his third performance as James Bond , and Javier Bardem as Raoul Silva , the film 's villain . It was directed by Sam Mendes and written by Neal Purvis , Robert Wade and John Logan , and features an Academy Award-winning theme , sung by Adele . It was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer ( MGM ) and Columbia Pictures . The story centres on Bond investigating an attack on MI6 ; the attack is part of a plot by former MI6 agent Raoul Silva to humiliate , discredit and kill M as revenge against her for betraying him . The film sees the return of two recurring characters to the series after an absence of two films : Q , played by Ben Whishaw , and Moneypenny , played by Naomie Harris . Skyfall is the last film of the series for Judi Dench , who played M , a role that she had played in the previous six films . The position is subsequently filled by Ralph Fiennes ' character , Gareth Mallory , though Dench would make a brief appearance in the next Bond film , Spectre . Mendes was approached to direct the film after the release of Quantum of Solace in 2008 . Development was suspended when MGM encountered financial troubles and did not resume until December 2010 ; during this time , Mendes remained attached to the project as a consultant . The original screenwriter , Peter Morgan , left the project during the suspension . When production resumed , Logan , Purvis , and Wade continued writing what became the final version of the script . Filming began in November 2011 and primarily took place in the United Kingdom , with smaller portions shot in China and Turkey . Skyfall premiered in London at the Royal Albert Hall on 23 October 2012 and was released in the United Kingdom on 26 October 2012 and the United States on 9 November 2012 . It was the first James Bond film to be screened in IMAX venues , although it was not filmed with IMAX cameras . The film 's release coincided with the 50th anniversary of the series , which began with Dr. No in 1962 . Skyfall was positively received by critics , being praised for its performances -- particularly those of Craig , Bardem and Dench -- writing and script , cinematography , Mendes ' direction , Thomas Newman 's score , and the action scenes . It was the 14th film to gross over $ 1 billion worldwide , and the first Bond film to do so . It became the seventh-highest-grossing film at the time , the highest-grossing film in the UK , the highest-grossing film in the series , the highest-grossing film worldwide for both Sony Pictures and MGM , and the second-highest-grossing film of 2012 . The film won several accolades , including two BAFTA Awards , two Academy Awards and two Grammys .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c83d52817cee10fc9beca13595b2372", "text": "Kingsman: The Golden Circle Kingsman : The Golden Circle is an upcoming 2017 British-American action spy comedy-drama film directed by Matthew Vaughn , and is the sequel to 2015 film Kingsman : The Secret Service . The series is based on the comic book The Secret Service , created by Dave Gibbons and Mark Millar . The film stars Colin Firth , Julianne Moore , Taron Egerton , Mark Strong , Halle Berry , Elton John , Channing Tatum and Jeff Bridges , and is scheduled to be released on 22 September 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f145c0bef4269adfc6f82963bafc79a4", "text": "Mrs. Fitzherbert Mrs. Fitzherbert , also known as Princess Fitz and A Court Secret , is a rarely seen 1947 British historical drama film directed by Montgomery Tully and starring Peter Graves , Joyce Howard and Leslie Banks . It depicts the relationship between George IV and Maria Fitzherbert .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "727345278309a73012f2a75ba6c093c6", "text": "Highlander (film) Highlander is a 1986 British-American adventure action fantasy film directed by Russell Mulcahy and based on a story by Gregory Widen . It stars Christopher Lambert , Sean Connery , Clancy Brown , and Roxanne Hart . The film narrates the climax of an ages-old battle between immortal warriors , depicted through interwoven past and present-day storylines . Christopher Lambert plays swordsman Connor MacLeod from Scottish Highlands , known as the Highlander , one of a number of immortal warriors , who can only be killed by decapitation . After initial training by another highly skilled immortal swordsman , Ramirez ( Sean Connery ) , MacLeod lives on for several centuries , eventually settling in New York City , managing an antiques shop . In 1985 , he falls in love with a policewoman named Brenda and finds out that he must face his biggest enemy , Clancy Brown 's Kurgan , who wishes to kill MacLeod and to obtain `` the Prize '' -- a special ability which is given to the last living immortal warrior , vast knowledge and the ability to enslave the entire human race . Highlander enjoyed little success on its initial theatrical release , grossing over $ 12 million worldwide against a production budget of $ 19 million , and received mixed reviews . Nevertheless , it became a cult film and launched Lambert to stardom . The film inspired a franchise which included film sequels and television spin-offs . Its tagline , `` There can be only one '' , has carried on throughout the franchise , as have the songs provided for the film by the rock band Queen .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "4574aab613e70ca56d5013b1a086823f", "text": "Thiokol Thiokol ( variously Thiokol Chemical Corporation , Morton-Thiokol Inc. , Cordant Technologies Inc. , Thiokol Propulsion , AIC Group , ATK Thiokol ; finally ATK Launch Systems Group before becoming part of Orbital ATK ) was an American corporation concerned initially with rubber and related chemicals , and later with rocket and missile propulsion systems . Its name is a portmanteau of the Greek words for sulfur ( θειον `` theion '' ) and glue ( κολλα `` kolla '' ) , an allusion to the company 's initial product , Thiokol polymer . The Thiokol Chemical Company was founded in 1929 . Its initial business was a range of synthetic rubber and polymer sealants , and Thiokol was a major supplier of liquid polymer sealants during World War II . When scientists at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory discovered that Thiokol 's polymers made ideal binders for solid rocket fuels , Thiokol moved into the new field , opening laboratories at Elkton , Maryland , and later production facilities at Elkton and at Redstone Arsenal in Huntsville , Alabama . Huntsville produced the XM33 Pollux , TX-18 Falcon , and TX-135 Nike-Zeus systems . It closed in 1996 . In the mid-1950s the company bought extensive lands in Utah for its rocket test range , and in 1986 was found at fault for the destruction of the Space Shuttle Challenger and the deaths of its astronauts . Thiokol continues to have major operations in the state , at Magna and Promontory ( manufacture of the Space Shuttle 's solid rocket motors ) , and its current headquarters at Brigham City . the company employed over 15,000 people worldwide and records annual sales of around .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "18e558fa0fd8a09ff0ba3fa8423c993d", "text": "Derivative (chemistry) In chemistry , a derivative is a compound that is derive #Verb from a similar compound by a chemical reaction . In the past , derivative also meant a compound that can be imagined to arise from another compound , if one atom or group of atoms is replaced with another atom or group of atoms , but modern chemical language now uses the term structural analog for this meaning , thus eliminating ambiguity . The term `` structural analogue '' is common in organic chemistry . In biochemistry , the word is used for compounds that at least theoretically can be formed from the precursor compound . Chemical derivatives may be used to facilitate analysis . For example , melting point ( MP ) analysis can assist in identification of many organic compounds . A crystalline derivative may be prepared , such as a semicarbazone or 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone ( derived from aldehydes or ketones ) , as a simple way of verifying the identity of the original compound , assuming that a table of derivative MP values is available . Prior to the advent of spectroscopic analysis , such methods were widely used .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cc4c8aa65bd2b7ac0d6502fd4612554a", "text": "Tokumei kumiai , literally `` anonymous partnerships , '' are a Japanese bilateral contract governed by the Commercial Code of Japan , Article 535 et seq. . In English , they are often called TK or silent partnerships . In many respects they are similar to common law limited partnerships . In a tokumei kumiai arrangement , invest in a venture operated by a . By law , the partnership itself has no legal personality . Any assets of the partnership are the property of the manager ; however , the anonymous partners have a right to a share of any profits from the venture , as provided in the partnership agreement . Anonymous partners have limited liability for the partnership 's debts , on the condition that they are anonymous . If an anonymous partner allows their name to be used in the name of the manager or in the name of the partnership , the anonymous partner loses their limited liability . Tokumei kumiai are often used for investment funds . A structure known as the `` Dutch TK '' was once popular among foreign investors in Japan , as it was possible to recognize income from Japan through a Dutch anonymous partner in a tokumei kumiai without paying Japanese income or withholding taxes under the tax treaty of 1970 . This loophole was closed by a new tax treaty in August 2010 , which imposes a 20 % withholding tax on distributions through such structures . More recently , it has become popular to use a tokumei kumiai together with a godo kaisha to hold a trust beneficial interest in real estate using what is known as a `` TK/GK scheme . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef74bb0505ab209cbf9891ce406c257c", "text": "Thiomersal Thiomersal ( INN ) , or thimerosal ( USP ) , is an organomercury compound . This compound is a well established antiseptic and antifungal agent . The pharmaceutical corporation Eli Lilly and Company gave thiomersal the trade name Merthiolate . It has been used as a preservative in vaccines , immunoglobulin preparations , skin test antigens , antivenins , ophthalmic and nasal products , and tattoo inks . Its use as a vaccine preservative was controversial , and it was phased out from routine childhood vaccines in the European Union , and a few other countries in response to popular fears . The current scientific consensus is that no convincing scientific evidence supports these fears .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "377e7d6b49d1bb23ca483cc47e1f8964", "text": "Division (business) A division of a business , sometimes called a business sector , is one of the parts into which a business , organization or company is divided . The divisions are distinct parts of that business . If these divisions are all part of the same company , then that company is legally responsible for all of the obligations and debts of the divisions . However , in a large organization , various parts of the business may be run by different subsidiaries , and a business division may include one or many subsidiaries . Each subsidiary is a separate legal entity owned by the primary business or by another subsidiary in the hierarchy . Often a division operates under a separate name and is the equivalent of a corporation or limited liability company obtaining a fictitious name or `` doing business as '' certificate and operating a business under that fictitious name . Companies often set up business units to operate in divisions prior to the legal formation of subsidiaries . Generally , only an `` entity '' , e.g. a corporation , public limited company ( plc ) or limited liability company , etc. would have a `` division '' ; an individual operating in this manner would simply be `` operating under a fictitious name '' . An example of this would be to look at Hewlett Packard ( HP ) , the computer and printer company . HP has several divisions , with the printer division , that makes laser and inkjet printers , being the largest and most profitable division . The divisions of HP , like the Printing & Multifunction division , the Handheld Devices ( includes the old calculator ) division , the Servers division ( mini and mainframe computers ) , etc. , all use the HP brand name . But , Compaq ( a part of HP since 2002 ) , operates as a subsidiary , using the Compaq brand name . Mack Trucks continues to run itself separately , but is a wholly owned subsidiary of AB Volvo . Volvo Trucks also sells trucks under the Volvo name . Within Mack , there is a division named Mack de Venezuela C.A. that does final assembly and sells trucks in South America . Another less obvious example is that Google Video is a division of Google , and is part of the same corporate entity . But the YouTube video service is a subsidiary of Google because it remains operated as YouTube , LLC , a separate business entity even though it is owned by Google .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6e7cde78e316a297fac546cacd0e08e", "text": "Beryozka Beriozka ( Russian : Берёзка , lit . `` little birch tree '' ) was a twin chain of state-run retail stores in the Russian SFSR that sold goods for hard currency . Beriozkas sold goods that were generally unavailable in regular shops . In English-language advertisements and signs , the spelling was always `` Beriozka '' rather than the more conventional transliteration `` Beryozka . '' One chain that belonged to the Vneshposyltorg ( Foreign Mail Order Trade ) was intended for Soviet citizens who received some income in hard currency . Some of them were forced to sell their currency for ruble-denominated Vneshposyltorg checks , while others never laid their hands on foreign currency , receiving their pay from Western sources in Vneshposyltorg checks via Soviet intermediaries . The checks were to be used to purchase goods in the Vneshposyltorg Beriozkas . The other chain sold goods directly for foreign currency and for Vneshtorgbank series D checks . Soviet citizens ( except for high-ranking officials ) were not allowed to enter these stores as they were legally forbidden to be in possession of hard currency . The hard currency stores were named Beriozka only in the territory of the RSFSR . Other republics of the Soviet Union had similar stores usually named after their `` national trees . '' For example , hard currency stores were named Kashtan ( Chestnut ) in the Ukrainian SSR and Chinara ( Oriental plane ) in the Azerbaijan SSR , etc. . There were also separate Albatross stores in the Soviet port cities , e.g. Vladivostok , that sold goods to Soviet sailors returning from abroad . The Albatross stores sold goods for Torgmortrans checks issued by the Department of the Soviet Naval Fleet in exchange for foreign currency earned by the sailors . Beriozka stores were opened in 1964 . Their predecessors were Torgsin stores of the 1930s and the highly ineffective Vneshposyltorg departments of the large Soviet department stores ( e.g. State Universal Store ) that allowed catalog mail order from abroad by customers paying in hard currency . Beriozka stores became obsolete in the early 1990s when conversion of rubles into hard currency was allowed . The stores were privatized and in the mid-1990s most were closed as uncompetitive . Many other countries had similar institutions , such as Intershops in the German Democratic Republic or Friendship Stores in the People 's Republic of China , Pewex in Poland , though some of these systems allowed anyone with hard currency to shop there .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e49e39931d5ceab484b4d4b48d5cc85", "text": "Thomas Kalil Thomas ( `` Tom '' ) Amadeus Kalil ( born October 4 , 1963 ) is an expert on technology and innovation policy , and Deputy Director for Policy for the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy . He is also the Senior Advisor for Science , Technology and Innovation for the United States National Economic Council . Kalil is the son of Ronald and Katherine Kalil , both professors at the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health in Madison . He earned a bachelor 's degree in political science and international economics from the University of Wisconsin at Madison . Kalil completed graduate work at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy . Kalil worked in the issues departments on two Democratic presidential campaigns , 1988 and 1992 . His work included writing position papers and briefing the candidate on a wide range of policy issues , experiences he later described as being `` like boot camp for policy wonks . '' Before entering government , Kalil was a trade specialist at the Washington offices of Dewey Ballantine . There , he represented the Semiconductor Industry Association ( SIA ) on technology policy and U.S.-Japan trade issues . In this capacity he was principal staffer to Gordon Moore , then chair of the SIA Technology Committee . During the Clinton administration , Kalil was Deputy Assistant to the President for Technology and Economic Policy , and , simultaneously , Deputy Director of the White House National Economic Council . As such , he worked on a range of technology and telecommunications issues , including the liberalization of export controls , the allocation of wireless spectrum , and high-tech workforce issues . Kalil provided leadership for a number of White House initiatives , including the National Nanotechnology Initiative , the Next Generation Internet , and several others . He advocated for increased support for the physical sciences and engineering during a time when they were perceived to be neglected as compared to the life sciences and biomedical research . Leaving government at the end of the Clinton administration , Kalil became a Senior Fellow with the Center for American Progress , and later Special Assistant to the Chancellor for Science and Technology at the University of California , Berkeley . There , he developed multi-disciplinary research initiatives , most of them at the interfaces among information technology , nanotechnology , and biology . He served on several committees of the National Academy of Sciences . From 2007 -- 2008 , Kalil chaired the Clinton Global Initiative 's Global Health Working Group . That group developed new initiatives in areas including under-nutrition , maternal and child health , and vaccines . Kalil joined the Obama administration in 2009 . In 1995 Kalil married MaryAnne McCormick , a former legislative aide to Senator Daniel P. Moynihan . McCormick was , at the time , a lobbyist for Corning Inc. and was later an attorney at the Federal Communications Commission .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ec5879ae0ce9084851035df9a5a9d07", "text": "Chewco Chewco Investments L. P. , was a limited partnership associated with the Enron scandal , which resulted in the bankruptcy of Enron . It was named after the Star Wars character Chewbacca , because it was created to hide losses from the Joint Energy Development Investment Limited , known by its acronym `` JEDI '' . Like Chewbacca , the Jedi Knights were prominent characters in Star Wars . Enron created Chewco as a limited partnership which would help keep the JEDI project off its books . It wanted to buy out the California Public Employees ' Retirement System 's interest in JEDI , but it did not want to be forced , by accepted accounting principles , to consolidate JEDI in the Enron financial statements and thus reflect debt and/or financial losses . Enron wanted to keep JEDI afloat , but it needed a partner to take at least a 3 % stake , or the partnership 's results would have to be included in Enron 's financial statements . Chewco was created to be that partner . The Chewco structure did not meet the SPE consolidation rules . The three basic rules for nonconsolidation of an SPE require that the independent equity investor -- continuously invest at least 3 % of the SPE 's assets ; exercise control of and assume risks of the SPE ; and like all other transactions , provide real ( potential ) economic benefits to Enron . Chewco appeared to meet these tests , because it was financed by an unsecured loan from Barclay 's Bank ; in reality , however , the loan had been guaranteed by Enron stock held by Enron itself . Additionally , as investors became more wary of Chewco , Michael Kopper , an Enron employee who reported to CFO Andrew Fastow , took over the titular management role and was used to hide actual ownership . With Enron thus assuming practical control over Chewco , the structure did not meet an additional requirement for a non-consolidated SPE . More prosaically , this was one of many ways in which Enron `` cooked the books '' , failing to disclose corporate debt that SEC regulations require to be disclosed . Over the course of three years , Kopper received between $ 1.5 and $ 2 million in management fees from Chewco , some of which was kicked back to Fastow in the form of checks written to members of his family . According to the Powers Report ( the report of the investigative committee chaired by William Powers , Jr ) Kopper did little actual work , aside from time spent manipulating the books . Chewco itself did little actual work other than moving funds from one account to another , and that was done with minor expenditure of labor by lower-level employees . After all was said and done , Enron used Chewco to report roughly $ 400 million in profits which did not exist , while concealing $ 600 million in debt . Enron 's requirement to restate its earnings to remove this fake $ 400 million profit was a primary catalyst of Enron 's downfall .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6584763eca3c43963f86e22d067ea0c1", "text": "On the other hand", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a91953053a98b74bab06df3fd393fd0", "text": "Prachai Leophai-ratana Prachai Leophairatana is a former Senator and a Thai businessman who founded Thai Petrochemical Industry ( TPI ) . Prachai founded Thai Petrochemical Industry in 1978 , based on companies his grandfather founded during World War II . Thai Petrochemical Industry ( TPI ) group begun in rice milling , and had extended to gunnysacks , textiles , and insurance in the second generation . In 1979 , the group consisted of nineteen firms still based mainly in agriculture-related sectors . The patriarch of this second generation , Pornchai Leophairatana , sent his sons to the USA to study accounting , economics , and engineering . Returning to Thailand in the era when the economy was shifting decisively towards industry using newly found supplies of natural gas , Prachai Leophairatana and his five siblings launched the firm into cement and petrochemicals . In the 1990s , Prachai expanded TPI with massive offshore loans to take advantage of the then vast interest rate gap between the Thai baht and US dollar . Unfortunately , most of the loans were not hedged because , as Prachai put it , `` the Thai government had pledged the baht peg would be defended '' . The peg was around 25 baht to the US dollar . By the mid-1990s , the number of firms had expanded to forty-four , total revenues had multiplied twenty-five times . TPl had risen rapidly to second rank in the cement market , behind the venerable Siam Cement . It had also become a major player in the booming petrochemicals industry . By 1994 , it had become Southeast Asia 's first fully integrated petrochemical company . TPI invested in a wharf and handling facilities on Thailand 's eastern seaboard , built a 100-megawatt power plant , and even owned a cement company and opened its own gas stations . TPI has capability if unconstrained by lenders and their appointed planners to produce an overall gross margin that ranks in the top third to one half versus the major petrochemical complexes in the world , including , e.g. , ExxonMobil Singapore , ExxonMobil Baytown , BP Grangemouth , Dow Terneuzen , Shell Mordijk , Samsung , Hanwha and Hyundai Korea , Dow Petronas Optimal Kertih , The Petrochemical Corporation of Singapore PCS ) and downstream complex , Shell CNOOC Nanhai ( Huizhou , Guangzhou ) and so on . The facility is integrated from crude oil / condensate to plastic resin , has multiple power and cogeneration units and uses adequate if not leading edge technologies for refinery , lube base oil , olefins , polyolefins , ABS , styrene , and polystyrene ; it is one of the largest single site polypropylene producers in Asia and the world . The baht , however , proved vulnerable . Under significant speculative attacks , its defences crumbled . The Thai currency was floated on July 2 1997 . By January 1998 , the baht exchange rate had shot up to 56 to the US dollar . With TPI 's total loans reaching US$ 3.8 billion , its creditors - led by Bangkok Bank - decided to get tough . In early 2000 , Thailand 's bankruptcy court approved the creditors ' debt restructuring plan and appointed Australia-based Effective Planners as the plan administrator . The plan called for a debt-to-equity swap of US$ 756 million and the sale of non-core assets to raise US$ 200 million.Many thought that would spell the end of Prachai , who had effectively turned one of the region 's largest petrochemical complexes into Thailand 's biggest corporate debtor . But it did n't . Prachai refused to budge . He stayed on as TPI 's chief executive and , for a while , even reported for work every morning . He also besieged the court by filing more than 35 different legal challenges against the plan and Effective Planners . The latter had to spend millions of dollars to fend off litigation . Although most of the lawsuits were dismissed , Prachai has always maintained he was not fighting for himself but for TPI and its workers . Many observers , though , feel the workout plan , which slashed the Leophairatana family 's stake in the company to 15 % from 60 % , left the 58-year-old entrepreneur feeling embittered . Prachai 's persistence , however , seems to have paid off . On April 21 2003 , he scored an important victory in the bankruptcy court . On that fateful day , to the shock of the Thai and foreign legal communities , the court ordered the removal of Effective Planners as TPI 's plan administrator and appointed Prachai as a temporary replacement instead . In response , the creditors suspended US$ 80 million in working capital facilities vital to TPI . Just a few days prior to the April 21 judgment , the creditors had declared support for Effective Planners , even though , as Prachai pointed out later , it had failed to meet most of the targets outlined in the debt rehabilitation plan . Effective Planners was expected to incur expenses not exceeding 640 million baht in the 2001-02 fiscal year ( April 1 2001 to March 31 2002 ) , but as Prachai told the court , the sum was closer to 1.57 billion baht . Also , under the plan the company 's oil refining capacity was targeted to hit 125,000 barrels per day by the end of the fiscal year . But by the start of April 2002 , the TPI refinery was only churning out 82,000 barrels per day . The court rejected Effective Planners ' defence that the operating environment for TPI had worsened considerably following the September 11 2001 terrorist attacks in the US . Instead , in a highly unusual move , it recommended that the debtor side be adequately represented on a new steering committee . The Thai government stepped in by saying it would help mediate in the matter and proposed the appointment of a chairperson acceptable to both sides to lead the new steering committee consisting of seven representatives each from the creditors and the debtor side . `` The Thai bankruptcy law is very clear . On the control of reorganization , creditors have final say ... . The debtor has to be cooperative , and really has a minimal role to play , '' says Kowit Somwaiya , partner at Herbert Smith in Thailand . But Kowit says it was within the discretion of the court to recommend a joint panel consisting of representatives of both sides . `` Someone is needed who can bring both sides half way , someone Khun Prachai can trust . '' Creditors had conceded to allow one Prachai representative and one government representative to sit on the new steering panel , which would otherwise consist only of the members of Thai Administrators Ltd ( TAL ) The June 13 judgment appointing the Finance Ministry as TPI 's debt administrator is seen as limiting creditors ' future course of action . TAL was seen as the best hope for creditors as it consists of formidable members of Thailand 's business and legal community . Proposed by creditors as the debt plan administrator , TAL was rejected outright by Prachai . And in its June 13 ruling , the court said TAL 's plan appeared to be inadequate for creating the cash flow needed to service TPI 's huge debt . The company is obliged to make interest payments of around US$ 8.5 million every month . The court , it seems , has transferred the burden of responsibility onto the shoulders of the state . `` We had proposed to mediate in setting up a joint panel which would appoint financial advisors to conduct due diligence so that a -LSB- new -RSB- debt restructuring plan could be proposed , '' said Kitti Limsakul , an advisor to Thailand 's finance minister , before the June 13 ruling . `` But we respect the right of the creditors . '' Kitti said the government would not act unless directed by the court . In what would be a clear sign of things to come , the court had already signalled its approval of a government role in the crisis . Judge Kamol Teeravetponkul of the Central Bankruptcy Court on May 21 2003 said that the businesses run by TPI were too big to be nursed back to health by the private sector . `` The appointment of a tripartite debt administration team as suggested by the government is good solution , '' Reuters News Agency quoted Kamol as saying . Two weeks earlier , Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra himself proposed that a third party be appointed to mediate in the matter . It was Kamol who delivered the June 13 ruling . By and large financial experts have given a thumbs down to what they see as intervention by the state . `` It seems the prime minister is getting involved in a micro level . This is a step backward , '' said a Hong Kong-based credit analyst at a European Bank . The analyst , like his many of colleagues in the industry based outside Bangkok , see the resolution of the TPI case as a litmus test for the restructuring of billions of dollars worth of Thai corporate debt and crucial to Thailand 's ability to attract and retain foreign investment . Observers , based in the Thai capital , however , are more tempered . `` The TPI case is very unique , '' Kowit explains . `` First the amount involved , US$ 3.8 billion , is huge . Second , the company 's labour union -LSB- who have mostly supported Prachai -RSB- is very strong . And lastly , the creditor side involves some of the largest domestic and foreign institutions . '' Kowit also says many in Thailand were surprised that the rehabilitation plan did not permit any haircuts and that the creditors could take 75 % equity in the company through conversion of accrued interest of US$ 756 million in only three years.Prachai has repeatedly accused the lenders of not paying enough attention to the long-term viability of the company and focusing primarily on maximizing short-term returns . Speaking after the June 13 judgment , Kitti Limsakul , the advisor to Thailand 's finance minister , told Dow Jones Newswires that an earlier proposal to set up for a 15-member tripartite debt administration team consisting of seven members each from the creditor and debtor side , headed by a mediator from the government had been modified . Now , the Finance Ministry is willing to permit unequal representation of the two sides , depending on who is suitable . With the 2005 ruling , Prachai was forced to sell his and his family 's stock at 70 % below the market price at 3.30 baht per share to the recently privatized petroleum corporation PTT . Subsequently Prachai and his siblings were ejected from the board , and was replaced by the board assigned by PTT public company limited of whom were close allies of Thaksin Shinawatra . Prachai Leophairatana and his family were able to retain a small portion of their wealth , and now are the board members of the TPI Polene Public company limited , which recently was just released from rehabilitation plan on Tuesday , 11 April 2006 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "166fbe461e3a25bf837151e49d1b6baa", "text": "TL Tradewinds TL Tradewinds Company Limited ( commonly known as TL ) , formerly TL Tradewinds Ltd. , Part. , is a Thailand food company established in 2011 and headquartered in Surin City , Surin Province , Thailand . It manufactures lotus seeds snack products and produced food company brand is `` Mai '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "22ec5bcde8c9f78a9f41b145b10fdf9b", "text": "Superstate A superstate is defined as `` a large and powerful State formed when several smaller countries unite '' , `` A large and powerful state formed from a federation or union of nations '' . This is distinct from the concept of superpower , although these are frequently seen together . It is also distinct from the concept of empire , where one nation dominates other nations through military , political , and economic power , although an empire may also be a superstate . In the early 20th century , `` superstate '' had a similar definition as today 's supranational organisations . In a 1927 article by Edward A. Harriman on the League of Nations , a superstate was defined as merely `` an organisation , of which a state is a member , which is superior to the member themselves '' , in that '' -LSB- a -RSB- complete superstate has legislative , executive and judicial organs to make , to execute and to interpret its laws '' . According to this definition , Harriman saw the League of Nations as a `` rudimentary superstate '' , and the United States as `` an example of a complete and perfect superstate '' . In World Order of Bahá ` u 'll áh , first published in 1938 , Shoghi Effendi , the Guardian of the Bahá ' í Faith , described the anticipated world government of that religion as the `` world 's future super-state '' with the Bahá ' í Faith as the `` State Religion of an independent and Sovereign Power . '' In the 1970s , academic literature used the term `` superstate '' to indicate a particularly rich and powerful state , in a similar fashion to the term superpower . In contemporary political debate , especially the one centred on the European Union , the term `` superstate '' is used to indicate a ( usually deemed unwelcome ) development in which the Union takes over the character of a State ( including the monopoly on violence ) thus abolishing the sovereignty and independence of its member states . For instance , Glyn Morgan opposes the perspective of a `` European superstate '' to the ones of `` a Europe of nation-states '' and of `` a post-sovereign European polity '' . In her definition , a `` European superstate is nothing more than a sovereign state - a tried and tested type of polity that predominates in the modern world - operating on a European wide scale '' , i.e. , `` a unitary European state '' The term was famously used by Margaret Thatcher in her 1988 Bruges speech , when she decried the perspective of `` a European super-state exercising a new dominance from Brussels '' , and has since entered the eurosceptic lexicon . Tony Blair argued in 2000 that he welcomed an EU as a `` superpower , not a superstate ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b68258d0d515e845d58bc59048fc7be", "text": "Partition chromatography Partition chromatography theory and practice of was introduced through the work and publications of Archer Martin and Richard Laurence Millington Synge during the 1940s . The process of separating mixtures of chemical compounds by passing them through a column that contained a solid stationary phase that was eluted with a mobile phase ( column chromatography ) was well known at that time . Chromatographic separation was considered to occur by an adsorption process whereby compounds adhered to a solid media and were washed off the column with a solvent , mixture of solvents , or solvent gradient . In contrast , Martin and Synge developed and described a chromatographic separation process whereby compounds where partitioned between two liquid phases similar to the separatory funnel liquid-liquid separation dynamic . This was an important departure , both in theory and in practice , from adsorption chromatography . In liquid-liquid separation , a compound is distributed between two immiscible liquid phases under equilibrium conditions . Martin and Synge initially attempted to devise a method of performing a sequential liquid-liquid extractions with serially connected glass vessels that functioned as separatory funnels . The seminal article presenting their early studies described a rather complicated instrument that allowed partitioning of amino acids between water and chloroform phases . The process was termed `` counter-current liquid-liquid extraction . '' Martin and Synge described the theory of this technique in reference to continuous fractional distillation described by Randall and Longtin . This approach was deemed too cumbersome so they developed a method of absorbing water onto silica gel as the stationary phase and using a solvent , such as chloroform , as the mobile phase . This work was published in 1941 as `` a new form of chromatogram employing two liquid phases . '' The article describes both the theory in terms of the partition coefficient of a compound and the application of the process to the separation of amino acids on a water-impregnated silica column eluted with a water : chloroform : n-butanol solvent mixture .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a38935090888514a29a5259380608d99", "text": "American Viscose Corporation American Viscose Corporation was an American division of the British firm Courtaulds , which manufactured rayon and other synthetic fibres . Established in 1909 , it became the largest supplier of rayon and the first company to make artificial silk in the United States . American Viscose had plants at Marcus Hook , Pennsylvania ( established 1910 ) , Roanoke , Virginia ( 1916 ) , Lewistown , Pennsylvania ( 1920 ) , Parkersburg , West Virginia ( 1927 ) , Meadville , Pennsylvania ( 1929 ) , Nitro , West Virginia , and Front Royal , Virginia ( 1940 ) . After a 1946 merger with Sylvania Industrial Corporation ( not to be confused with lighting and electronics manufacturer Sylvania ) , it gained a plant at Fredericksburg , Virginia . The company changed names and ownership several times . It was founded as a division of Courtaulds and began production as `` The Viscose Company '' in 1910 . In 1937 it changed to `` American Viscose Corporation '' . In 1941 the company was sold off by order of the British government in order to raise money for purchase of munitions and other supplies from the Americans . The company passed into the control of the Monsanto Corporation after the war . ( Courtaulds resumed manufacture of rayon in the United States in 1952 ) . In 1963 it was purchased by FMC Corporation , which sold off the division in 1976 to its employees . It was then renamed Avtex Fibers . In 1974 , two years before FMC Corporation sold off the division to its employees , the plant in Parkersburg , WV was closed . In 1980 Avtex Fibers closed their plant in Nitro , West Virginia that manufactured rayon staple . In 1983 , Avtex Fibers was the largest US manufacturer of rayon fiber , as well as operating plants that made polyester and acetate yarn . Certain of its closed plants have become Superfund pollution cleanup sites . The former plant site at Front Royal , Virginia was used for manufacturing from 1940 until 1989 , when the plant was closed after being cited for more than 2,000 environmental violations over five years , including emissions of polychlorinated biphenyls ( PCBs ) into the nearby Shenandoah River . The plant was demolished in 1997 , and is currently being restored by FMC in conjunction with the United States Environmental Protection Agency . The company made rayon fiber for fabric and also rayon cord for reinforcement of pneumatic automobile tires . Declining sales and high internal costs caused Avtex to close its rayon operations in 1988 , briefly restarting to produce fiber for the aerospace industry , and then permanently closing in 1990 for economic and environmental reasons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "feaca61e6018e460d0210751b5455431", "text": "Classical compound Classical compounds and neoclassical compounds are compound words composed from combining forms ( which act as affixes or stems ) derived from classical Latin or ancient Greek roots . New Latin comprises many such words and is a substantial component of the technical and scientific lexicon of English and other languages , including international scientific vocabulary . For example , bio - #Prefix combines with - graphy #Suffix to form biography ( `` life '' + `` writing/recording '' ) . A vowel usually facilitates the combination : in biography , the interfix - o - #Interfix , in miniskirt , the interfix - i - #Interfix . This vowel is usually regarded as attached to the initial base ( bio - , mini - ) rather than the final base ( - graphy , - skirt ) , but in forms where it is conventionally stressed , it is sometimes shown as attached to the final base ( - ography , - ology ) . If , however , the final base begins with a vowel ( for example , - archy as in monarchy ) , the mediating vowel has traditionally been avoided ( not * monoarchy ) , but in recent coinages it is often kept , sometimes accompanied by a hyphen ( auto-analysis , bioenergy , hydroelectricity , not * autanalysis , * bienergy , * hydrelectricity ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bd7228fe5fac23a3f7f93d639c98be9a", "text": "2006 Russian ban of Moldovan and Georgian wines The 2006 Russian import ban of Moldovan and Georgian wines began in late March 2006 and created a diplomatic conflict between the Republic of Moldova and Georgia on the one hand and Russia on the other . Wine trade with Russia is responsible for 80-90 % of the total wine exports in both countries . The Chief Sanitary Inspector of Russia Gennadiy Onishchenko claimed that heavy metals and pesticides had been found in Georgian and Moldovan wines and that they were falsified alcoholic products labeled as wines . The Russian Consumer Agency claimed that it had examined 21 sorts of Georgian wine sold in Moscow and concluded that 85.7 % did not comply with sanitary requirements . Pesticides were discovered in 60 % samples of Moldovan and 44 % samples of Georgian wine . However , the Moldovans claimed that no proof was provided by the Russians and that dozens of countries across the world imported Moldovan wines without any reported problems . Moldova argued that the ban amounted to economic blackmail . Seven Georgian wineries were later closed down after the government revision revealed that they had produced falsified wine . In May 2005 , Georgian Defense Minister Irakli Okruashvili stated that `` many -LSB- Georgian -RSB- wine producers exported falsified wine to Russia , because Russia is a market where you can sell even turds '' . Okruashvili thought that Russia 's decision to ban the import of Georgian wines `` was not a surprise '' for Tbilisi . Russia accounted for 80 % of Georgian wine sales , and the ban became a `` big blow '' to the industry . Georgian producers swiftly admitted that wines were regularly faked . Prior to the ban , the Georgian government closed down several testing laboratories in Georgia , and several wineries were made to dump their product . Seven Georgian wineries were closed down after the government revision revealed that they had produced falsified wine . Production of falsified wine in Georgia for the rapidly expanding Russian market had been `` big business for the last decade '' according to the Western press . The ban on wine imports came at a time of worsening relations between the countries . The differences involved the Rose Revolution and pro-NATO/pro-EU moves in Georgia and a divergence of the Russian and Moldovan positions regarding the future of Transnistria . A year earlier , the Russian Duma had demanded a ban on Moldovan wine imports , because Moldova was considered to pursue anti-Russian policies . EU 's external relations commissioner , Benita Ferrero-Waldner stated that the EU was worried about what she called an `` embargo '' against Moldova , but the EU could n't take any measures since Russia was not a member of the World Trade Organization . The president of NATO Parliamentary Assembly Pierre Lellouche also said , on May 5 , he was deeply concerned about the Russian ban on Georgian products . From 5 May to 6 May 2006 , the Russian government also banned the import of Borjomi and Nabeglavi , two popular brands of Georgian mineral water . The government claimed that it was a health hazard since it failed to meet water purity standards . The Georgian government responded by stating that the action was an expansion of the wine embargo and a part of a political campaign to punish the country for pro-Western policies , a claim President Mikheil Saakashvili of Georgia reiterated at the Conference on Common Vision for Common Neighborhood held in Vilnius , Lithuania , from May 1 to 4 , and attended also by the presidents of the three Baltic states , Poland , Ukraine , Moldova , Romania , Bulgaria and the United States Vice-President Richard Cheney . Neither the Georgian or Moldovan wines , nor the Borjomi or Nabeglavi mineral waters had been banned nor restricted in any other country besides Russia . One Russian expert has also criticized the Russian ban on `` Borjomi '' . The drink ban appeared to exacerbate tensions between Russia and the Government of Georgia . The 2008 South Ossetia war would occur later that year . Following the conflict , Georgia also withdrew from the Commonwealth of Independent States ( CIS ) , a bloc of several post-Soviet countries . Georgian wines are currently ( 2013 ) sold in over 50 countries , including Ukraine , which became the key market after the Russian ban . However , sales fell sharply , to about one third of what Georgia exported prior to the ban .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0cfc57e8e0f39409968a9aec19ace8d5", "text": "Sulcalization Sulcalization , in phonetics , is the pronunciation of a sound , typically a sibilant consonant , such as English -LSB- slinks -RSB- and -LSB- slinkz -RSB- , with a deep groove running along the back of the tongue that focuses the airstream on the teeth , producing a more intense sound . That is accomplished by raising the sides of the back of the tongue ( `` lateral contraction '' ) and leaving a hollow along the mid-line . It is not clear if all sibilants are so grooved : Catford ( 1977 ) observed that the degree of sulcalization differs between places of articulation as well as between languages , but no language is known to contrast a grooved and non-grooved sibilant . English -LSB- -LSB- ɹ -RSB- -RSB- , which allows various tongue positions without apparent distinction , may also receive its characteristic quality from being sulcal . In phonology and historical linguistics , sulcalization is the development of such a groove in a non-sulcal consonant . For example , close vowels trigger the effect in Japanese , in which historic * tu and * ti have become -LSB- -LSB- tsu -RSB- -RSB- and -LSB- -LSB- tɕi -RSB- -RSB- , respectively . A similar sound change as operated in the Senufo languages . ( The palatalization of * tsi to -LSB- -LSB- tɕi -RSB- -RSB- in Japanese is a different process and does not occur in Senufo . ) Vowels may also be sulcalized , which has been described as giving them a `` throaty '' sound ( Jones 1967:82 ) . The -LSB- slinkɒ -RSB- vowel of Received Pronunciation , which is normally described as a rounded , is pronounced by some speakers without rounded lips for whom the characteristic quality is rather one of sulcality ( Lass 1984:124 ) . One scholar has also suggested that the vowel in the RP pronunciation of words like bird , typically transcribed -LSB- blinkɜ -RSB- , is actually a sulcal schwa , retaining the sulcality of the original rhotic consonant . Accordingly , the realization of -LSB- / ə / -RSB- in other contexts , such as beard and scarce , is interpreted as the product of a loss of sulcality ( Erickson 2003:197 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc3d762b657a1c7dd9c0faff61bda04e", "text": "Mergers and acquisitions Mergers and acquisitions ( M&A ) are transactions in which the ownership of companies , other business organizations or their operating units are transferred or combined . As an aspect of strategic management , M&A can allow enterprises to grow , shrink , and change the nature of their business or competitive position . From a legal point of view , a merger is a legal consolidation of two entities into one entity , whereas an acquisition occurs when one entity takes ownership of another entity 's stock , equity interests or assets . From a commercial and economic point of view , both types of transactions generally result in the consolidation of assets and liabilities under one entity , and the distinction between a `` merger '' and an `` acquisition '' is less clear . A transaction legally structured as an acquisition may have the effect of placing one party 's business under the indirect ownership of the other party 's shareholders , while a transaction legally structured as a merger may give each party 's shareholders partial ownership and control of the combined enterprise . A deal may be euphemistically called a `` merger of equals '' if both CEOs agree that joining together is in the best interest of both of their companies , while when the deal is unfriendly ( that is , when the management of the target company opposes the deal ) it may be regarded as an `` acquisition '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da1667b3653395b3623332156d06d8a3", "text": "New international division of labour In economics , the new international division of labor ( NIDL ) is an outcome of globalization . The term was coined by theorists seeking to explain the spatial shift of manufacturing industries from advanced capitalist countries to developing countries -- an ongoing geographic reorganization of production , which finds its origins in ideas about a global division of labor . It is a spatial division of labor which occurs when the process of production is no longer confined to national economies . Under the `` old '' international division of labor , until around 1970 , underdeveloped areas were incorporated into the world economy principally as suppliers of minerals and agricultural commodities . However , as developing economies are merged into the world economy , more production takes place in these economies . This has led to a trend of transference , or what is also known as the `` global industrial shift '' , in which production processes are relocated from developed countries ( such as the US , European countries , and Japan ) to developing countries in Asia ( such as China , Vietnam , and India ) and Latin America . This is because companies search for the cheapest locations to manufacture and assemble components , so low-cost labor-intensive parts of the manufacturing process are shifted to the developing world where costs are substantially lower . Companies do so by taking advantage of transportation and communications technology , as well as fragmentation and locational flexibility of production . From 1953 to the late 1990s , the industrialized economies ' share of world manufacturing output declined from 95 % to 77 % , and the developing economies ' share more than quadrupled from 5 % to 23 % . The resultant division of labor across continents closely follows the North -- South socio-economic and political divide , wherein the North -- with one quarter of the world population -- controls four fifths of the world income , while the South -- with three quarters of the world population -- has access to one fifth of the world income .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba73169e6959653cea3b754a583c0f0e", "text": "Fine chemical Fine chemicals are complex , single , pure chemical substances , produced in limited quantities in multipurpose plants by multistep batch chemical or biotechnological processes . They are described by exacting specifications , used for further processing within the chemical industry and sold for more than $ 10/kg ( see the comparison of fine chemicals , commodities and specialties ) . The class of fine chemicals is subdivided either on the basis of the added value ( building blocks , advanced intermediates or active ingredients ) , or the type of business transaction , namely standard or exclusive products . Fine chemicals are produced in limited volumes ( < 1000 tons/year ) and at relatively high prices ( > $ 10/kg ) according to exacting specifications , mainly by traditional organic synthesis in multipurpose chemical plants . Biotechnical processes are gaining ground . The global production value is about $ 85 billion . Fine chemicals are used as starting materials for specialty chemicals , particularly pharmaceuticals , biopharmaceuticals and agrochemicals . Custom manufacturing for the life science industry plays a big role ; however , a significant portion of the fine chemicals total production volume is manufactured in house by large users . The industry is fragmented and extends from small , privately owned companies to divisions of big , diversified chemical enterprises . The term `` fine chemicals '' is used in distinction to `` heavy chemicals '' , which are produced and handled in large lots and are often in a crude state . Since their inception in the late 1970s , fine chemicals have become an important part of the chemical industry . The total production value of $ 85 billion is split about 60 / 40 among in-house production by the main consumers , the life science industry , on the one hand , and the fine chemicals industry on the other hand . The latter pursues both a `` supply push '' strategy , whereby standard products are developed in-house and offered ubiquitously , and a `` demand pull '' strategy , whereby products or services determined by the customer are provided exclusively on a `` one customer / one supplier '' basis . The products are mainly used as building blocks for proprietary products . The hardware of the top tier fine chemical companies has become almost identical . The design , lay-out and equipment of the plants and laboratories has become practically the same all over the world . Most chemical reactions performed go back to the days of the dyestuff industry . Numerous regulations determine the way labs and plants have to be operated , thereby contributing to the uniformity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f2921a44095aed5133c06700d037e1e2", "text": "Thai stick A Thai stick is a form of cannabis from Thailand that was popular during the late 1960s and 1970s . It consisted of premium buds of seedless marijuana which were skewered on stems . Several rows of fiber found in the stalk of the marijuana plant were then used to tie the marijuana to the stem to keep it in place . Thai stick bud may also be tied around bamboo sticks with a piece of string known as a `` rasta hair . '' The Thai sticks exhibited considerably higher potency in comparison with other cannabis available in Western countries at the time . This added potency was rumored to be caused by the Thai sticks being dipped in opium or in hash oil . However , the more widely accepted reason is that Thai cannabis growers had for hundreds of years selected seeds from their strongest plants , which coupled with Thailand 's long growing season , high temperatures , and rich volcanic soil , conspired to produce an exceptionally potent product . A number of reasons have been cited for the decline of the Thai stick ; stricter policing of cannabis cultivation ; dilution of traditional cannabis populations by earlier maturing , less psychoactive cultivars imported from Pakistan and Afghanistan ; the burgeoning indoor growing industry in target markets ; and the reduction of military troop transports ( which was the primary means of export ) between Thailand , particularly Bangkok , and the United States , at the end of the Vietnam War in 1975 . In modern terminology , Thai stick often refers to marijuana tied to a stem as documented above and then dipped into a hashish oil , a potent cannabis derivative which saturates the buds and lends to a stronger smoke . Some California and Washington cannabis clubs sell this product . Originally , this was a frequent practice of the 1970s with the actual Thai stick . There are still some surviving recipes from Cambodia where high quality marijuana and hash oil are used .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "ce6f262d7482593ba77aabcd9ae2eeb9", "text": "West Hollywood, California West Hollywood , occasionally referred to locally as WeHo ( -LSB- ˈwiːhoʊ -RSB- ) , is a city in Los Angeles County , California , United States . Incorporated in 1984 , it is home to the Sunset Strip . As of the 2010 census , its population was 34,399 . It is considered one of the most prominent gay villages in the United States .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "3a3f2003c1ca99aaa0277609765a464b", "text": "Los Angeles High School Los Angeles High School is the oldest public high school in the Southern California Region and in the Los Angeles Unified School District . Its colors are royal blue and white and the teams are called the Romans . Los Angeles High School is a public secondary high school , enrolling an estimated 2,000 students in grades 9-12 . After operating on a year-round basis consisting of three tracks for ten years , it was restored to a traditional calendar in 2010 . Los Angeles High School receives accreditation approval from the Western Association of Schools and Colleges ( WASC ) . Concurrent enrollment programs , provided in large by the Los Angeles Unified School District and the Los Angeles Community College District , are offered with West Los Angeles College , Los Angeles Trade Technical College , Los Angeles City College , or Santa Monica College . Los Angeles High School is a large , urban , inner-city school located in the Mid-Wilshire District of Los Angeles . The attendance boundary consists of a contrasting spectrum of economic diversity ranging from affluent Hancock Park and Lafayette Square to the low-income , densely populated immigrant community of Koreatown . Within the school is a College Incentive Magnet Program . Forty-four percent of the student population is identified as LEP , or Limited English Proficient . Currently , 66 % of the students are identified as eligible to receive supplemental instructional services and materials through the Federal Title I Program . The magnet high school has a university preparatory secondary high school program and a `` school within a school . '' First established as a part of student integration services in the 1970s , the Los Angeles High School Math/Science/Technology magnet prepares students with an intensive , rigorous course load in order to better prepare them for university entrance . There are 317 students enrolled in the magnet program , grades 9-12 . Typically , the senior class has approximately 35 % of seniors entering into four-year universities and schools . The magnet senior class typically has 85 % of its senior class entering into four-year colleges and universities .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "727ede2d4889f1ce1faad7fdd093d47d", "text": "ASIFA-Hollywood ASIFA-Hollywood , an American non-profit organization in Los Angeles , California , United States , is a branch member of the `` Association Internationale du Film d'Animation '' or `` ASIFA '' ( the International Animated Film Association ) . Its purpose is to promote the art of film animation in a variety of ways , including its own archive and an annual awards presentation , the Annie Awards . It is also known as the International Animated Film Society . Many branches of ASIFA exist throughout the world ; in the US there are chapters in San Francisco , New York City , Atlanta , Seattle , Washington , the Detroit area , and others , while internationally , organizations exist in Annecy , France , in Italy , and Japan . ASIFA also sponsors several animation film festivals throughout the world , including the ASIFA-Hollywood Student Animation Festival . ASIFA-Hollywood has the largest membership internationally of all other chapters , largely because the most popular cartoons ever produced were by studios and animation professionals located in the city of Burbank , which is also the location of the ASIFA-Hollywood Animation Center . It includes a virtual archive , museum , library and research facility , containing the ASIFA-Hollywood Animation Archive Project .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a5726af2a2b54a15602e34e6c524069", "text": "Toho is a Japanese film , theater production , and distribution company . It has its headquarters in Yūrakuchō , Chiyoda , Tokyo , and is one of the core companies of the Hankyu Hanshin Toho Group . Outside Japan , it is best known as the producer and distributor of many kaiju and tokusatsu films , the Chouseishin tokusatsu superhero television franchise , the films of Akira Kurosawa , and the anime films of Studio Ghibli . Other famous directors , including Yasujirō Ozu , Kenji Mizoguchi , Masaki Kobayashi , and Mikio Naruse , also directed films for Toho . Toho 's most famous creation is Godzilla , who features in 29 of the company 's films . Godzilla , Rodan , Mothra , King Ghidorah and Mechagodzilla are described as Toho 's Big Five because of the monsters ' numerous appearances in all three eras of the franchise , as well as spin-offs . Toho has also been involved in the production of numerous anime titles . Its subdivisions are Toho-Towa Distribution , Toho Pictures Incorporated , Toho International Company Limited , Toho E. B. Company Limited , and Toho Music Corporation & Toho Costume Company Limited . The company is the largest shareholder ( 7.96 % ) of Fuji Media Holdings Inc. .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "be4c6f9ce33060eddb4b6f5a2b4ba43f", "text": "Real Husbands of Hollywood Real Husbands of Hollywood ( abbreviated RHOH ) is an American reality television parody on BET which debuted on January 15 , 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "896a913110f936d69c375a6bc26f5c0d", "text": "West Hollywood (Hollywood, Florida) West Hollywood is a neighborhood in Broward County , Florida , United States . The ZIP code for the community is 33023 . The community is within the city limits of Hollywood . The latest population for the area recorded was 60,806 . West Hollywood reported as an `` unincorporated place '' by the U.S. Census Bureau in 1950 , when the population count totaled 1,196 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4c70cd1bab180011ee9d847738166a1f", "text": "WWHB-CA WWHB-CA is an Azteca affiliate in West Palm Beach , Florida , that is licensed to Stuart . Owned by the Sinclair Broadcast Group , WWHB is sister station to CBS affiliate WPEC , CW affiliate WTVX and Class A MyNetworkTV affiliate WTCN-CA . It broadcasts on UHF channel 48 as a class-A ( a form of low-power broadcasting ) television station . It was Sinclair 's first Spanish language station besides KEYE-DT2 in Austin , Texas , which carries Telemundo , before Sinclair began to acquire more stations in 2012 . WWHB-CA is also carried on WTVX 's second digital subchannel . On May 24 , 2012 , the Federal Communications Commission ( FCC ) granted WWHB-CA a construction permit to digitally flash-cut on its current allotment on channel 48 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d23be36c0445097f1de89cce7cd415c6", "text": "West Valley College West Valley College is a community college in northern California . It is part of the 112-campus California Community College system .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b6288fee2bd1021cbd3c2016ba584e22", "text": "Walt Disney Studios Walt Disney Studios may refer to : Walt Disney Studios ( division ) , the Walt Disney Company 's Studio Entertainment unit , which includes Disney 's motion picture studios , music labels , theatrical production company , and distribution companies . Walt Disney Studios ( Burbank ) , complex in Burbank , California , built in 1939 , which serves as the corporate headquarters for The Walt Disney Company . It is also a functioning film studio and hosts production facilities for Disney 's various entertainment businesses Walt Disney Animation Studios , the company 's main animation division . Animated films are released under the Walt Disney Pictures label Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures , the primary theatrical film distributor of Disney films in the USA and abroad Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment , the primary home media distributor of Disney films in the USA and abroad", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c5cdcf6dd2b9b695e290d5be8515e9a6", "text": "Paramount Television Network The Paramount Television Network ( PTN ) was a venture by American film corporation Paramount Pictures to organize a television network in the late 1940s . The company built television stations KTLA in Los Angeles and WBKB in Chicago ; it also invested US$ 400,000 in the DuMont Television Network , which operated stations WABD in New York City , WTTG in Washington , D.C. , and WDTV in Pittsburgh . Escalating disputes between Paramount and DuMont concerning breaches of contract , company control , and network competition erupted regularly between 1940 and 1956 , and culminated in the dismantling of the DuMont Network . Television historian Timothy White called the clash between the two companies `` one of the most unfortunate and dramatic episodes in the early history of the television industry . '' The Paramount Television Network aired several programs , including the Emmy Award-winning children 's series Time for Beany . Filmed in Hollywood , the programs were distributed to an ad-hoc network of stations across the United States . The network signed affiliation agreements with more than 50 television stations in 1950 ; despite this , most of Paramount 's series were not widely viewed outside the West Coast . The Federal Communications Commission ( FCC ) , which filed suit against Paramount for anti-trust violations , prevented the studio from acquiring additional television stations . Paramount executives eventually gave up on the idea of a television network , and continued to produce series for other networks . In 1995 , after four decades of television production for other companies , Paramount re-entered the broadcast network field when the company and Chris-Craft Industries launched the United Paramount Network ( UPN ) , a television network that operated until 2006 . Paramount 's television division is now owned by CBS Television Studios .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "48d3a20ea12214611a15f440cb379d0b", "text": "Western Cup Western Cup is North America 's longest running annual LGBTQ multi sports festival . It takes place in Calgary , Alberta , Canada Easter weekend of each year . It started in 1982 with a volleyball tournament that had teams attend from Calgary and Edmonton . From there it created the organization , Apollo , Friends in Sports Club , which now oversees Western Cup . Apollo , Friends in Sports Club/Western Cup believe in giving back to the community , therefore each sport receives a portion of profits from the event each year , as well $ 1500 is donated each year to local or national organizations that are beneficial to the LGTBQ community . Western Cup has two components to the event including sports and social activities . Currently the sport tournaments that are involved in Western Cup are bowling , curling , dodge ball , hockey and volleyball.The social activities include a Thursday registration event , Friday athletes social and the Western Cup Dance on Saturday . On average there are 500 athletes in attendance and 1500 in attendance of the social events In 2018 Western Cup along with Apollo Curling will be hosting the Canadian Gay Curling Championships . In 2007 Western Cup held the first North American Outgames to celebrate their 25 anniversary , April 1 - 8 , 2007 . The host hotel for guests and social events until 2020 is the Hyatt Regency in downtown Calgary .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a69a9db544dfebd1ceab0575d8154cf", "text": "Film Booking Offices of America Film Booking Offices of America ( FBO ) , also known as FBO Pictures Corporation , was an American film studio of the silent era , a producer and distributor of mostly low-budget films . The business began in 1918 as Robertson-Cole ( U.S. ) , the American division of a British import -- export company and Robertson-Cole was formed by the English-born Harry F. Robertson and the American Rufus Sidman Cole . Robertson-Cole bought the Hallmark Exchanges ( formerly the Mutual Exchanges that became known as Exhibitors-Mutual Exchanges ) from Frank J. Hall in 1920 . Exhibitors-Mutual/Hallmark had distributed Robertson-Cole product , and acquiring the exchanges gave them the right to distribute their own films plus Hall 's product , with the exception of Charlie Chaplin reissues he had the rights to . Robertson-Cole initiated movie production in the United States in 1920 . That year , it incorporated Robertson-Cole Studios , Inc. and bought 460 acres in Santa Monica , California to establish a studio . The property , which became known as the `` R.C. Ranch '' , enabled Robertson-Cole to centralize movie production , which previously had been scattered . The movie company had relied on equipment rentals to produce motion pictures . Two years later , a corporate reorganization led to the company 's new name , with FBO becoming the official name of the distributing operation and Robertson-Cole Pictures Corp. the name of the production operation . In 1923 , the studio contracted with Western actor Fred Thomson , who would soon emerge as one of Hollywood 's most popular stars . Thomson was just one of numerous screen cowboys with whom FBO became identified . The studio , whose core market was America 's small towns , also put out many romantic melodramas , non-Western action pictures , and comedic shorts . In 1926 , financier Joseph P. Kennedy led a group that acquired the company . In June 1928 , using RCA Photophone technology , FBO became only the second Hollywood studio to release a feature-length `` talkie . '' A few months later , Kennedy and RCA chief David Sarnoff arranged the merger that created RKO , one of the major studios of Hollywood 's Golden Age .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "37be500002880c19e997ae4d52403c2d", "text": "West Coast FC West Coast FC is an American soccer Club founded in 1997 . The Club is a member of the Southern California Developmental Soccer League and includes 50 boys and girls teams in total . The West Coast FC Classic is a nationally ranked `` Premier '' tournament . The Club has one of only 40 girls soccer programs throughout the United States selected to participate in the Elite Clubs National League . Since 2009 , Soccer America named the Club 's Boys program as one of the top programs in the Nation . The team plays its home games in the stadium on the campus of JSerra Catholic High School in the city of San Juan Capistrano , California , 55 miles southeast of downtown Los Angeles . The club 's colors are navy blue and white .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a3e9100c60dbc2935a79ff28d0f3e5a", "text": "Radio Recorders Radio Recorders , Inc. located at 7000 Santa Monica Boulevard , was a recording studio based in Los Angeles , California . Many notable musicians are reported to have been recorded in the studio include Billie Holiday , Charlie Parker , Jimmie Rodgers , Louis Armstrong , Mario Lanza , Elvis Presley , Jimi Hendrix , Frank Zappa , Paul Frees and The Carpenters among others . In its prime , the studio was known as the best recording facility in Los Angeles . During the forties and fifties , Radio Recorders was responsible for recording countless radio shows , both network and local , for delayed broadcast , not always for California , but for many western states . Telephone lines ran to all the important stations and the networks . Studio C was the nerve center with at least six recording lathes and turntables and an `` on-the-air '' playback turntable protected by a railing so that it would not be bumped while it was playing a program onto the air . The recording lathes were shock mounted in sand to prevent rumble from the street cars on Santa Monica Boulevard . For much of that era , the recordings were made and played back on lacquer coated aluminum discs , before tape recording was introduced . The room could handle several programs at once , 24 hours a day , and quite often a single engineer on duty would have his hands full . Most of the major labels used Radio Recorders well into the 1960s . Columbia , RCA Victor , Capitol , and Decca ultimately had their own facilities , but Radio Recorders was still the choice of many independent labels and both popular and classical artists , from Stravinsky to Elvis . In addition , most of the jingles were recorded there . In 1962 H.B. Barnum and Bill Aken chose the annex to record their big band version of ` Goody , Goody '' for Governor Goodwin J. ( Goodie ) Knight 's re-election campaign . Additionally in 1962 Bill Aken would record the classic ` Theme For Shock Theater , ' again with engineer Phil Yeend working the board . The main location at 7000 Santa Monica had two large studios and some smaller ones , as well as disc mastering facilities . In 1946 , the company remodeled a warehouse at 1032 North Sycamore Avenue and built a large studio , capable of handling approximately fifty musicians . This studio was known as Radio Recorders Annex , or , within the industry , just `` The Annex . '' The warehouse originally belonged to RCA Victor and `` the Annex '' was a legendary studio that Victor had built in their warehouse back in the ` 30 's . In 1965 , Radio Recorders ' star engineer , Thorne Nogar , purchased The Annex and started his own independent Annex Studios , which attracted a distinguished clientele as a full service studio , including mastering . For many years , Lawrence Welk pre-recorded the music for his popular television show , becoming the most important client ; in addition , in the 1960s and 1970s Annex mastered for such labels as Uni Records , Dot Records and Ranwood Records , as well as cutting early pressings of Barbra Streisand 's hit single `` The Way We Were . '' The Annex 's location now houses The Record Plant Studios . In the late 1980 's the studio was reopened as Studio 56 by Paul Shwartz . At that time bands such as Guns & Roses , Sugar Ray , Toni Braxton , Brandy , No Doubt and others recorded there . The documentary `` Standing in the Shadows of Motown '' was also partially filmed there . Kenneth Crouh , Keith Crouch and Leon Sylvers were all house producers there at that time . In 2002 the studio gained two new partners Pride Hutchison and Michael Dumas . The studio was then brought back to business under its original name Radio Recorders , and they enlisted the help of longtime friends Jordan Winsen and Steve Loiacano as their staff second engineers . Tom O'Brien , who was working for Schwartz , was kept on as chief engineer . In 2004 the property was declared a historic attraction but never achieved official landmark status by the city of Los Angeles . From 2002 to 2008 the studio welcomed many great projects and clients including Natalie Cole , Dwight Yoakum , Lucinda Williams , Lil ' John , Exzihbit , Annie Lennox and many more ... The facility closed again in 2008 a midst a fraud dispute between Hutchison , Dumas and Shwartz , Silent owners seeking to save the building and real estate property flipper David Bennet . In the end the building was sold in bankruptcy court . Shwartz was left broke , betrayed and feeling blindly used . With lack of capital to fight and overturn the courts decision , the silent owners were left with no moves and the legendary Radio Recorders building was gutted and demolished from the inside . The story as it goes from the inside supposedly is : Schwartz had a partner before Dumas and Hutchison who passed away and with him likely many of the studios strongest contracts . Under Schwartz mismanagement the studio struggled and subsequently defaulted on all financial obligations . Hutchinson and Dumas than found Schwartz in a vulnerable position and for a total sum if 50-60k each ( 100k ) Schwartz agreed to partner with them . It is unclear whether they were ever added to the deed or if this money ever went to debts . Its also rumored that during the period of their partnership many raves were held in soundstage studio E ( dubbed so for Elvis ) and rampant drug abuse took place and continued among the partners . It is known that methamphetamine was found in the cupboards of the studio kitchen shortly after Schwartz and that his behavior was often erratic . What than takes place is a battle for property rights among all involved both the silent partner and David Bennet claiming they paid Schwartz a sum of money for his rights . One side is that a late night meeting took place with notary a menial fee was given to Schwartz and he gave his rights . The other side is David Bennet provided compensation to both Dumas and Hutchison in excess of 50k each for their investment as well as 100k to Schwartz in return for all of their rights . The problem for Bennet being a flipper was that currently each studio was occupied by a tenant and this other silent partner was laying claim . He proceeded to systematically attempt to forge alliances under the false premises that all who helped would bennifit either from the sale / that he would n't sell the building and had no intention of gutting it but rather would maintain it as a studio/That he would sell the property atca fair price to a tenant if they helped him and could raise the capital in a small window . . Supposedly this stipulation was met and Bennet than backed out on his agreement . Hutchison and Dumas were the first to go followed by others . All gear by this point including the piano axel rose recorded November rain with was liquidated and only one studio operated in the building . When Bennet backed out of his deal ( or perhaps the money was never actually raised ) the fight for ownership intensified . Reportedly glass doors were shatterd having had the hinge pins pulled from them and orange Xs were spray painted on other wooden doors of vacant rooms when no one was around . While the silent partner and tenant had teamed up . The results were the same radio recorders studios shut its doors September 2009 . Sleepy Brown of Organized Noise would be the last artist to produce a record in the building . Despite Bennett 's best assurances the studios would all be gutted turned into accounting offices sadly only to become owned by a studio company againv . Schwartz sadly would take his own life.Today the space is used for art exhibits . In 2010 the property was once again sold and is now part of the Siren Production Company .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d67d5c230314dce06cc69d673db38161", "text": "Lakewood, California Lakewood is a city in Los Angeles County , California , United States . The population was 80,048 at the 2010 census . It is bordered by Long Beach on the west and south , Bellflower on the north , Cerritos on the northeast , Cypress on the east , and Hawaiian Gardens on the southeast . Major thoroughfares include Lakewood ( SR 19 ) , Bellflower , and Del Amo Boulevards and Carson and South Streets . The San Gabriel River Freeway ( I-605 ) runs through the city 's eastern regions . Sometimes called `` an instant city '' because of its origins , going from lima bean fields in 1950 to a well-developed city by 1960 , Lakewood is a classic example of a post -- World War II American suburb .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dec61e7899817a495da74f12dda9f081", "text": "World Film Company The World Film Company or World Film Corporation was an American film production and distribution company , organized in 1914 in Fort Lee , New Jersey .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a555543bd4385eb8516cdf76fa407514", "text": "Miramax Miramax ( also known as Miramax Films , stylized as MIRAMAX ) is an American entertainment company known for producing and distributing films and television shows . It is headquartered in Santa Monica , California . Miramax was founded in 1979 by Bob and Harvey Weinstein , and was a leading independent film motion picture distribution and production company before it was acquired by the Walt Disney Company on June 30 , 1993 . Shortly thereafter , Pulp Fiction was released . The Weinsteins operated Miramax with more creative and financial independence than any other division of Disney , until September 30 , 2005 when they decided to leave the company and founded The Weinstein Company . Miramax was sold by Disney to Filmyard Holdings , a joint venture of Colony Capital , Tutor-Saliba Corporation , and Qatar Investment Authority , in 2010 , ending Disney 's 17-year ownership of the studio . In 2016 , ownership was transferred to beIN Media Group .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "83d57d9081d695f75093adc36b752eab", "text": "The West Hollywood Blondes The West Hollywood Blondes was a professional wrestling tag team consisting of Lenny Lane and Lodi . During their later careers in World Championship Wrestling , they were billed as `` brothers '' . The team formed in 1999 as a parody of the original Hollywood Blonds . Their gimmick saw them entering the ring wearing glitter and licking Blow Pops . In the ring , they also devised a unique stalling vertical suplex , flying crossbody combination . After being removed from television by Turner Broadcasting System Standards and Practices , the team briefly reformed as Standards and Practices , a satirical reference to the S&P of Turner , before disbanding in 2001 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7e3f50fbd4399d43270b194a33d3888", "text": "Hollywood Sign The Hollywood Sign ( formerly the Hollywoodland Sign ) is a landmark and American cultural icon located in Los Angeles , California . It is situated on Mount Lee , in the Hollywood Hills area of the Santa Monica Mountains . The sign overlooks Hollywood , Los Angeles . `` HOLLYWOOD '' is spelled out in 45 ft-tall white capital letters and is 350 feet ( 106.7 m ) long . It was originally created in 1923 as an advertisement for a local real estate development , but it garnered increasing recognition after the sign was left up . The sign was a frequent target of pranks and vandalism , but it has since undergone restoration , including the installation of a security system to deter vandalism . The sign is protected and promoted by The Trust For Public Land , a nonprofit organization , while its site and the surrounding land are part of Griffith Park . From the ground , the contours of the hills give the sign a wavy appearance . When observed at a comparable altitude , the letters appear nearly level . The sign makes frequent appearances in popular culture , particularly in establishing shots for films and television programs set in or around Hollywood . Signs of similar style , but spelling different words , are frequently seen as parodies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4a913a508bcb016d99cd6c7e4975a6a1", "text": "Major film studio A major film studio is a production and film distributor that releases a substantial number of films annually and consistently commands a significant share of box office revenue in a given market . In the North American , Western , and global markets , the major film studios , often simply known as the majors , are commonly regarded as the six diversified media conglomerates whose various film production and distribution subsidiaries collectively command approximately 80 to 85 percent of U.S. and Canadian box office revenue . The term may also be applied more specifically to the primary motion picture business subsidiary of each respective conglomerate . The `` Big Six '' majors , whose operations are based in or around the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood , are all centered in film studios active during Hollywood 's Golden Age of the 1930s and 1940s . In three cases -- 20th Century Fox , Warner Bros. , and Paramount -- the studios were one of the `` Big Five '' majors during that era as well . In two cases -- Columbia and Universal -- the studios were also considered majors , but in the next tier down , part of the `` Little Three '' . In the sixth case , Walt Disney Studios was an independent production company during the Golden Age ; it was an important Hollywood entity , but not a major . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , United Artists , and RKO were majors . Today , Disney is the only member of the Big Six whose parent entity is still located near Los Angeles ( actually , on Disney 's studio lot and in the same building ) . The five others report to conglomerates headquartered in New York City , Philadelphia , and Tokyo . Of the Big Six , Paramount is the only one still based in Hollywood , and Paramount and Fox are the only ones still located within the Los Angeles city limits , while Disney and Warner Bros. are located in Burbank , Columbia in Culver City , and Universal in the unincorporated area of Universal City . Most of today 's Big Six control subsidiaries with their own distribution networks that concentrate on arthouse pictures ( e.g. Fox Searchlight Pictures ) or genre films ( e.g. Sony 's Screen Gems ) ; several of these specialty units were shut down or sold off between 2008 and 2010 . The six major studios are contrasted with smaller production and/or distribution companies , which are known as independents or `` indies '' . The leading independent producer/distributors -- Lionsgate Films , The Weinstein Company , and former major studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer -- are sometimes referred to as `` mini-majors '' . From 1998 through 2005 , DreamWorks SKG commanded a large enough market share to arguably qualify it as a seventh major , despite its relatively small output . In 2006 , DreamWorks was acquired by Viacom , Paramount 's corporate parent . In late 2008 , DreamWorks once again became an independent production company ; its films were distributed by Disney 's Touchstone Pictures until 2016 , at which point distribution switched to Universal . The Big Six major studios are today primarily backers and distributors of films whose actual production is largely handled by independent companies -- either long-running entities or ones created for and dedicated to the making of a specific film . The specialty divisions often simply acquire distribution rights to pictures in which the studio has had no prior involvement . While the majors still do a modicum of true production , their activities are focused more in the areas of development , financing , marketing , and merchandising . Those business functions are still usually performed in or near Los Angeles , even though the runaway production phenomenon means that most films are now mostly or completely shot on location at places outside Los Angeles . Since the dawn of filmmaking , the U.S. major film studios have dominated both American cinema and the global film industry . U.S. studios have benefited from a strong first-mover advantage in that they were the first to industrialize filmmaking and master the art of mass-producing and distributing high-quality films with broad cross-cultural appeal . Today , the Big Six majors routinely distribute hundreds of films every year into all significant international markets ( that is , where discretionary income is high enough for consumers to afford to watch films ) . It is very rare , if not impossible , for a film to reach a broad international audience on multiple continents and in multiple languages without first being picked up by one of the majors for distribution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5e2e352ae0f1687c8c2e8b4c4b1c3936", "text": "¡Viva Hollywood! ¡ Viva Hollywood ! is a VH1 reality television program . Twelve Latino actors and Latina actresses compete for the role of `` America 's Numero Uno Telenovela Star '' . The winner will also receive a contract with Telemundo , the biggest telenovela production company in the United States .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "2a8dfb615c12d386ced8497ea145a89e", "text": "Seth MacFarlane Seth Woodbury MacFarlane ( -LSB- ˈsɛθ_ˈwʊdbɛri_məkˈfɑrlɪn -RSB- born October 26 , 1973 ) is an American actor , filmmaker , and singer , working primarily in animation and comedy , as well as live-action and other genres . MacFarlane is the creator of the TV series Family Guy ( 1999 -- 2003 , 2005 -- present ) , co-creator of the TV series American Dad ! ( 2005 -- present ) and The Cleveland Show ( 2009 -- 13 ) . He also wrote , directed , and starred in the films Ted ( 2012 ) , its sequel Ted 2 ( 2015 ) , and A Million Ways to Die in the West ( 2014 ) . MacFarlane is a graduate of the Rhode Island School of Design , where he studied animation . Recruited to Hollywood , he was an animator and writer for Hanna-Barbera for several television series , including Johnny Bravo , Cow and Chicken , Dexter 's Laboratory , I Am Weasel , and Larry & Steve . As an actor , he has made guest appearances on series , such as Gilmore Girls , The War at Home and FlashForward . In 2008 , he created his own YouTube series titled Seth MacFarlane 's Cavalcade of Cartoon Comedy . He won several awards for his work on Family Guy , including two Primetime Emmy Awards and an Annie Award . In 2009 , he won the Webby Award for Film & Video Person of the Year . He occasionally speaks at universities and colleges throughout the United States , and he is a supporter of gay rights . MacFarlane 's first feature-length comedy film , Ted , features his voice acting and performance-capture as the titular anthropomorphic teddy bear and became the highest-grossing original R-rated comedy . As a singer MacFarlane has performed at several venues , including Carnegie Hall and the Royal Albert Hall . MacFarlane has released three studio albums , in the same vein of his musical idol Frank Sinatra , beginning with Music Is Better Than Words in 2011 . He wrote the lyrics for the Academy Award-nominated song `` Everybody Needs a Best Friend '' for Ted . MacFarlane served as executive producer of Cosmos : A Spacetime Odyssey , an update of the 1980s Carl Sagan -- hosted Cosmos series , hosted by Neil deGrasse Tyson . MacFarlane was instrumental in providing funding for the series , as well as securing studio support for it from other entertainment executives .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d814624159f267eecf7625a5015c0c3", "text": "Ted (film) Ted is a 2012 American buddy comedy film directed by Seth MacFarlane in his feature film directorial debut . The screenplay by MacFarlane , Alec Sulkin , and Wellesley Wild is from MacFarlane 's story . The film stars MacFarlane , Mark Wahlberg , Mila Kunis , and with Joel McHale and Giovanni Ribisi in supporting roles , with MacFarlane providing the voice of the title character . The film tells the story of John Bennett , a Boston native whose childhood wish brings his teddy bear friend Ted to life . However in adulthood , Ted prevents John and his love interest Lori Collins from moving on with their lives . The film is MacFarlane 's feature-length directorial debut , produced by Media Rights Capital and distributed by Universal Pictures . It was the twelfth-highest-grossing film of 2012 and received an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Song . A sequel , Ted 2 , was released on June 26 , 2015 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "f6f953ea444b0a6b425432d0a4d88e8a", "text": "This Changes Everything This Changes Everything : Capitalism vs. the Climate is Naomi Klein 's fourth book ; it was published in 2014 by Simon & Schuster . In it , Klein argues that the climate crisis can not be addressed in the current era of neoliberal market fundamentalism , which encourages profligate consumption and has resulted in mega-mergers and trade agreements hostile to the health of the environment . The book debuted on the New York Times bestseller list at number five on 5 October 2014 . A documentary based on the book , titled This Changes Everything , was directed by Avi Lewis and produced by Alfonso Cuaron , Danny Glover and Seth MacFarlane .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "440af6a9985c48371375783e75073a95", "text": "Meg Stinks! `` Meg Stinks ! '' is the nineteenth episode of the twelfth season of the animated comedy series Family Guy and the 229th episode overall . It aired on Fox in the United States on May 4 , 2014 , and is written by Danny Smith and directed by Bob Bowen . In the episode , Meg goes for a college interview and becomes the life of a party while Brian encounters a skunk and after getting sprayed , must learn to survive in the wild .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f7931a8e11a4b7745e38f4ddb842a03", "text": "Ted Sutton Ted Sutton is an American actor and voice over artist . He is best known for playing Sergeant Cunningham in M. Night Shyamalan 's 2002 film Signs .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bf811c36aec0c51370349d6bcffd87bc", "text": "Angry Dad: The Movie `` Angry Dad : The Movie '' is the fourteenth episode of The Simpsons ' twenty-second season . It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on February 20 , 2011 . The plot of the episode involves Bart winning many awards for his new short film based on his web cartoon series Angry Dad , which was first introduced in `` I Am Furious ( Yellow ) '' , while Homer takes credit for the film during acceptance speeches . `` Angry Dad : The Movie '' was written by John Frink and directed by Matthew Nastuk , with Ricky Gervais , Halle Berry , Russell Brand , Maurice LaMarche , Nick Park and J. B. Smoove guest starring . Cultural references in the episode include Pixar , Toy Story , Wallace and Gromit , Kung Fu Panda , Ms. Pac-Man , SpongeBob SquarePants and the 68th Golden Globe Award ceremony . The episode was viewed in an estimated 6.35 million households , with a 2.8 Nielsen rating , marking a slight rise in audience from the previous episode , while the episode was the twenty-fifth most viewed show for the week of broadcast among adults aged 18 -- 49 . Critical reception of the episode was generally positive , with critics praising the episode 's use of visual gags and cultural references .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b21096d80f5273fd1f18a57e5dd89a7e", "text": "Funny or Die Funny or Die is a comedy video website and film/TV production company founded by Will Ferrell , Adam McKay and Chris Henchy . The website Funny Or Die contains exclusive material from a regular staff of in-house writers , producers , and directors , and occasionally from a number of famous contributors like Judd Apatow , James Franco , and Norm Macdonald . The production company makes TV shows like truTV 's Billy on the Street , Comedy Central 's @midnight , and Zach Galifianakis 's popular Emmy-winning web series Between Two Ferns . Many videos on the site feature well-known actors ( examples include Steve Carell , Charlie Sheen , Ryan Gosling , Patrick Stewart , Daniel Radcliffe , Sophia Bush , Mila Kunis , AnnaSophia Robb , Hilary Duff , Adam West , James Van Der Beek , Jim Carrey , Ariel Winter , and Selena Gomez ) . Michael Kvamme , an aspiring young comedian , came up with a concept for a new kind of comedy site ; and the site was developed by Randy Adams . Funny Or Die launched on April 12 , 2007 with the site 's first video , `` The Landlord '' . `` The Landlord '' has received over 84 million views and features Ferrell confronted by a swearing , beer-drinking two-year-old landlord . In June 2007 , they received venture capital funding from Sequoia Capital , and in June 2008 , they announced a partnership with HBO . On August 3 , 2016 , Funny or Die shut-down one of its California offices , reducing its headcount by 30 % to 95 employees , with the announcement coming just two month after the new CEO , Mike Farah , took office", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1bdcaffc75fc52e204a77924dc5f2018", "text": "Steven Rosenbaum (producer) Steven J. Rosenbaum ( born 1961 ) is an American entrepreneur , curator , filmmaker , National Emmy Nominee , New York Emmy Award-winning producer ( NY Emmy ) , director , author and public speaker . Steve Rosenbaum is currently a Resident at TED in New York City and holds two patents in the areas of video curation and advertising technology .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1a1390660200817b1e4b074567bf1255", "text": "The Simpsons Movie The Simpsons Movie is a 2007 American animated comedy film based on the Fox television series The Simpsons . The film was directed by David Silverman , and stars the regular television cast of Dan Castellaneta , Julie Kavner , Nancy Cartwright , Yeardley Smith , Hank Azaria , Harry Shearer , Tress MacNeille , Pamela Hayden , Marcia Wallace , and Russi Taylor with guest appearances by Tom Hanks , Green Day , and Albert Brooks . The film follows Homer Simpson , whose irresponsibility gets the better of him when he pollutes the lake in Springfield after the town has cleaned it up following receipt of a warning from the Environmental Protection Agency . As the townspeople exile him and eventually his family abandons him , Homer works to redeem his folly by stopping Russ Cargill , the fictional head of the EPA , when he intends to destroy Springfield . Previous attempts to create a The Simpsons film failed due to the lack of a script of appropriate length and production crew members . Eventually , producers James L. Brooks , Matt Groening , Al Jean , Richard Sakai , and Mike Scully began development of the film in 2001 . A writing team consisting of Brooks , Groening , Jean , Scully , Ian Maxtone-Graham , George Meyer , David Mirkin , Mike Reiss , Matt Selman , John Swartzwelder , and Jon Vitti was assembled . They conceived numerous plot ideas , with Groening 's being the one developed into a film . The script was re-written over a hundred times , and this creativity continued after the animation had begun in 2006 . This meant hours of finished material was cut , which included cameo roles from Erin Brockovich , Minnie Driver , Isla Fisher , Kelsey Grammer , and Edward Norton . Hanks and Green Day appeared in the final cut as themselves . Tie-in promotions were made with several companies , including Burger King and 7-Eleven , the latter which transformed selected stores into Kwik-E-Marts . The film premiered in Springfield , Vermont , which had won the right to hold it through a competition organized by Fox . The film was a critical and commercial success , grossing over $ 527 million worldwide .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9665c9d40711fb80e08070b27d93066e", "text": "Freaks and Geeks Freaks and Geeks is an American teen comedy-drama television series , created by Paul Feig , with Judd Apatow as executive producer , that aired on NBC during the 1999 -- 2000 television season . Eighteen episodes were completed , but the series was canceled after only 12 had aired . A fan-led campaign persuaded NBC to broadcast three more episodes in July 2000 ; the three remaining unaired episodes , for a total of 18 , aired that September on the cable network Fox Family Channel . The series appeared on Time magazine 's 2007 `` 100 Greatest Shows of All Time '' list , and placed third on the magazine 's list of greatest television shows of the 2000s ( decade ) . In 2007 , Freaks and Geeks ranked # 21 on TV Guides Top Cult Shows Ever . In 2008 , Entertainment Weekly ranked it the 13th-best series of the past 25 years . The same year , AOL TV named it the Best School Show of All Time . In 2013 TV Guide included it in its list of The 60 Greatest Dramas of All Time , and ranked it # 1 on their list of 60 shows that were `` Cancelled Too Soon '' . It launched several of its young actors into successful television and film careers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3764e7234bddbc73d71d09c91b8f51e", "text": "List of The Simpsons video games The Simpsons is an American animated television sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company . The series is a satirical parody of a middle class American lifestyle epitomized by its eponymous family , which consists of Homer , Marge , Bart , Lisa and Maggie . It is set in the fictional town of Springfield , and lampoons American culture , society and television , and many aspects of the human condition . The family was conceived by Groening shortly before a pitch for a series of animated shorts with producer James L. Brooks . Groening created a dysfunctional family and named the characters after members of his own family , substituting Bart for his own name . The shorts became a part of The Tracey Ullman Show on April 19 , 1987 and after a three-season run , the sketch was developed into a half-hour prime time show and became a hit series for Fox . The growing popularity of the series motivated video game developers to create video games based on the series . Two pinball machines have also been produced ; one self-titled , that was only made available for a limited time after the first season finale ( 1990 ) and The Simpsons Pinball Party ( 2003 ) . Additionally , several handheld device games have been released , such as Bartman : Avenger of Evil ( 1990 ) and Bart Simpson 's Cupcake Crisis ( 1991 ) . Video games based on the series have reached multiple platforms since their debut in 1991 . The Simpsons '' ' first video game release , The Simpsons , developed and published by Konami , saw a release on the Commodore 64 and DOS , while Bart vs. the Space Mutants ( 1991 ) , developed by Imagineering , expanded the franchise into new platforms , including the Amstrad CPC , NES and Master System . Over the next few years , the franchise would continue to expand , releasing system-exclusive games , such as the PC 's Cartoon Studio ( 1996 ) and the PlayStation 's The Simpsons Wrestling ( 2001 ) . The release of The Simpsons Game ( 2007 ) , developed by EA Redwood Shores ( Visceral Games ) , further expanded the franchise , appearing on new platforms including the Wii , Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 . Due to the series ' longevity , The Simpsons video games have also spanned across many genres , such as the puzzle game Krusty 's Fun House ( 1992 ) , the sports game Itchy & Scratchy in Miniature Golf Madness ( 1994 ) and racing game Road Rage ( 2001 ) . The Simpsons is also one of the franchises spotlighted in the toys-to-life video game Lego Dimensions '' ( 2015 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e598dc953919e89278d82b46a9fd8781", "text": "Ike's Wee Wee `` Ike 's Wee Wee '' is the third episode in the second season of the American animated television series South Park . The 17th episode of the series overall , it first aired on Comedy Central in the United States on May 20 , 1998 . In the episode , school counselor Mr. Mackey is fired , and turns to drugs . Meanwhile , the boys misconstrue what circumcision entails , and try to save Kyle 's younger brother Ike from his upcoming bris . The episode was written and directed by series co-creator Trey Parker . `` Ike 's Wee Wee '' satirizes certain attitudes towards drug users , and explores whether family can only mean those who are related by blood . This episode introduced Ike 's backstory as an adopted Canadian child . `` Ike 's Wee Wee '' received positive responses from critics , who especially praised the episode for its touching moments .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d5a51d0ba4dcf1fcacbd1ee580d369f", "text": "Pig (1998 film) Pig is a 1998 experimental , psychological horror , short silent film directed by underground film maker Nico B. and co-directed by deathrock pioneer Rozz Williams . The film stars Rozz Williams and James Hollan and was produced by Nico B . It was distributed by the CAV Distributing company in South San Francisco and produced by the studios Open Eye Productions and Cult Epics . ( The latter of which Nico B. is the founder and owner . ) The film was the last work of Rozz Williams before his suicide in 1998 , and incorporates a highly surreal , absurdist technique blended with intense graphic horror and religious allusions and metaphors . The film was never publicly screened , although it was first released on VHS in 1998 and then re-released on DVD on April 2 of 2002 . On both the VHS and DVD versions of the production it was unrated due to uncensored sexuality and nudity as well as depictions of torture and fetishistic sadism . The film was re-issued in January 2013 with a newly produced surround soundtrack on a BLU RAY/DVD combo with Williams ' posthumous sequel film 1334 , also directed by Nico B. , and released through Cult Epics . The DVD edition contains a large assortment of featured content not previously seen on the VHS version , especially in commemoration of Williams ' death . This includes a commentary and Rozz Williams memorial video by Nico B. , `` behind-the-scenes '' footage , outtakes and optional commentary , a Rozz Williams photo gallery , a previously unreleased music track by Rozz Williams , actor biographies , chapter selections , excerpts from the last interview with Rozz conducted by John E. Ellenberger , a copy of the original `` super-8 '' test footage of Pig with commentary by former Christian Death drummer and friend of Rozz , Ignacio Segovia , and finally a 40-page booklet and adaptation of the fictional book featured in the film , Why God Permits Evil . The booklet was Williams ' only published written work . The soundtrack accompanying the film -- Pig : Original Soundtrack -- was composed entirely by Rozz , and included some of his last musical output .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15212773bbc071324ccf7a030977fd8e", "text": "Bill & Ted's Excellent Cereal Bill & Ted 's Excellent Cereal was a cereal based on the Bill & Ted movies and cartoon of the late 1980s and early 1990s . It was promoted with the branding slogan `` A Most Awesome Breakfast Adventure '' . The magazine Mental Floss ranked it first in their list of the 10 best marketing-inspired breakfast cereals . The cereal was made by Ralston Purina , which at the time sold food products for both humans and animals . The cereal was cinnamon-flavored and had mini music-themed marshmallows , although they resembled pieces of Kibbles 'n Bits . While the cereal was sold , which was for only a short period , it offered many giveaways and promotions . One of the more prominent ones was `` Hysterical Postcards , '' which were mini-postcards involving Bill & Ted and their trips through time . Another notable promotion was a free audio-cassette holder , shaped in the image of the Phone Booth , and with a sticker depicting the cartoon versions of Bill and Ted on the front . The cereal was featured in a comedy bit on The Arsenio Hall Show . When Alex Winter appeared on the show , Arsenio Hall asked Winter about the cereal . Hall then presented Winter with a box of the cereal , and challenged an audience member to eat a bowl , which he did .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "55911d699a372c3a068f18c49f1f527c", "text": "The Simpsons (season 25) The Simpsons '' ' twenty-fifth season began airing on Fox on September 29 , 2013 and ended on May 18 , 2014 . In this season , Homer sells his Mapple stock to buy a bowling ball ; Marge blames herself and Kiss for Bart 's rebellious streak ( `` Four Regrettings and a Funeral '' ) ; Lisa becomes a cheerleader for Springfield 's football team ; and Homer delivers a baby ( `` Labor Pains '' ) . Guest stars for this season include Judd Apatow , Will Arnett , Anderson Cooper , Harlan Ellison , Zach Galifianakis , Stan Lee , Eva Longoria , Rachel Maddow , Elisabeth Moss , Joe Namath , Daniel Radcliffe , Aaron Sorkin , and Kristen Wiig . This is Al Jean 's 13th consecutive season as showrunner and 15th overall . Matt Groening , James L. Brooks , Matt Selman , and John Frink serve as executive producers . Executive producer Al Jean stated that Edna Krabappel will be retired from the show following the death of Marcia Wallace on October 25 , 2013 . February 2014 held back Simpsons episodes , due to the transmission of the Super Bowl XLVIII in East Rutherford , New Jersey , United States ; the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi , Russia ; the 2014 Daytona 500 in Daytona Beach , Florida , US ; and the 86th Academy Awards in Hollywood , Los Angeles , California . This season The Simpsons '' won three Primetime Emmy Awards out of four nominations , including an Primetime Emmy Award for Character Voice-Over Performance to Harry Shearer , who was the last member of the main cast to earn the award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d7ffcd694dce5413d91ad97eb25ba981", "text": "Josh Weinstein Josh Weinstein ( born May 5 , 1966 ) is an American television writer and producer , known for his work on the animated comedy series The Simpsons . Weinstein and Bill Oakley became best friends and writing partners at St. Albans High School ; Weinstein then attended Stanford University and was editor-in-chief of the Stanford Chaparral . He worked on several short-term media projects , including writing for the variety show Sunday Best , but was then unemployed for a long period . Weinstein and Oakley eventually penned a spec script for Seinfeld , after which they wrote `` Marge Gets a Job '' , an episode of The Simpsons . Subsequently , the two were hired to write for the show on a permanent basis in 1992 . After they wrote episodes such as `` $ pringfield ( Or , How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Legalized Gambling ) '' , `` Bart vs. Australia '' and `` Who Shot Mr. Burns ? '' , the two were appointed executive producers and showrunners for the seventh and eighth seasons of the show . They attempted to include several emotional episodes focusing on the Simpson family , as well as several high-concept episodes such as `` Homer 's Enemy '' , `` Two Bad Neighbors '' and `` The Principal and the Pauper '' , winning three Primetime Emmy Awards for their work . After they left The Simpsons , Oakley and Weinstein created Mission Hill . The show was plagued by promotional issues and was swiftly canceled . They worked as consulting producers on Futurama , then created The Mullets in 2003 . The two wrote several unsuccessful TV pilots , and were due to serve as showrunners on Sit Down , Shut Up in 2009 . Oakley left the project over a contract dispute , but Weinstein remained until it was canceled . He co-produced and wrote for Futurama again during its Comedy Central revival , winning an Emmy in 2011 . Since 2013 , Weinstein has served as showrunner for the CBBC series Strange Hill High . He has also served as a writer for Season Two of Gravity Falls , co-writing nine of the season 's episodes . Weinstein is married to journalist Lisa Simmons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "32a207776d3037ca7ba9c8a9435f20b7", "text": "Whiffs Whiffs is a 1975 comedy film directed by Ted Post , produced by Brut Productions and released theatrically in the U.S. by 20th Century Fox . It stars Elliott Gould as a gullible military private who volunteers to be the subject of numerous military biological and chemical weaponry experiments , and later robs banks as a result .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2715cb82bab0f0bfd6f790aeb44c1f91", "text": "Tom McTigue Thomas `` Tom '' McTigue ( born 1959 ) is an American actor and comedian . He is best known for playing Harvey Miller on the 1990s television series Baywatch . He made guest appearances on numerous television programs : Beverly Hills , 90210 in 1991 as Jack and on Roseanne in 1994 as a doctor . He has also appeared in several films and hundreds of commercials . He has a minor part as a teacher in the 2014 film Boyhood .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d9c02f7ee071905aaf39f947ca1ab264", "text": "The Man Who Grew Too Much `` The Man Who Grew Too Much '' is the thirteenth episode of the 25th season of the American animated sitcom The Simpsons , and the 543rd episode of the series . It premiered on the Fox network in the United States on March 9 , 2014 . It was written by Jeff Westbrook and directed by Matthew Schofield . In the episode , Lisa discovers that Sideshow Bob has become the chief scientist of a massive chemical engineering company , but the two of them bond over their appreciation for high culture . Meanwhile , Marge ends up a church volunteer to help teenagers become abstinent .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6201194da41582b960369d5ebf9fea7b", "text": "Rosebud (The Simpsons) `` Rosebud '' is the fourth episode of The Simpsons ' fifth season . It first aired on the Fox network in the United States on October 21 , 1993 . The episode begins by showing how on the eve of his birthday , Mr. Burns starts to miss his childhood teddy bear Bobo . The bear ends up in the hands of Maggie Simpson and Burns does everything in his power to get Bobo returned to him . `` Rosebud '' was written by John Swartzwelder and was the first episode to be executive produced by David Mirkin , who was the show runner for the fifth and sixth seasons of the show . Directed by Wes Archer , supervising director David Silverman describes the episode as `` one of the more challenging ones '' to direct . The Ramones ( Joey Ramone , Johnny Ramone , C. J. Ramone and Marky Ramone ) guest star in the episode as themselves . The episode is largely a parody of the 1941 film Citizen Kane and the title references Charles Foster Kane 's dying word `` Rosebud '' . The episode also contains references to The Wizard of Oz , Planet of the Apes , George Burns , Charles Lindbergh , The Rolling Stones and Adolf Hitler . Critical reaction to `` Rosebud '' was largely positive and in 2003 Entertainment Weekly placed the episode in second place on their list of the 25 best episodes of The Simpsons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8fefdfbe184d8640dd5fa6b60d73c2f7", "text": "This Is the End This Is the End is a 2013 American disaster comedy film directed by Seth Rogen and Evan Goldberg and stars Rogen , James Franco , Jonah Hill , Jay Baruchel , Danny McBride , Craig Robinson , Michael Cera and Emma Watson . The story features real life actors playing fictionalized versions of themselves in the aftermath of a global biblical apocalypse . The film premiered at the Fox Village Theater on June 3 , 2013 and was released in the United States on June 14 , 2013 by Columbia Pictures , before being re-released on September 6 , 2013 . The film grossed $ 126 million on a $ 32 million budget . The film makes references to the past movies of the cast , including Spider-Man , Million Dollar Baby , Forrest Gump , Superbad , Pineapple Express , Moneyball , Your Highness , The Green Hornet , 127 Hours and the Harry Potter film series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a330f7fc7f53eaa8fca2fd585f412127", "text": "Ted LeFevre Ted LeFevre ( born July 8 , 1964 ) is an American theatrical set designer .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b2493706a57ae76b38429431816ce4a0", "text": "Mexico Mexico ( México , -LSB- ˈme.xi.ko -RSB- , modern Nahuatl ) , officially the United Mexican States ( -LSB- Estados Unidos Mexicanos , links = no -RSB- , ) , is a federal republic in the southern portion of North America . It is bordered to the north by the United States ; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean ; to the southeast by Guatemala , Belize , and the Caribbean Sea ; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico . Covering almost two million square kilometers ( over 760,000 sq mi ) , Mexico is the sixth largest country in the Americas by total area and the 13th largest independent nation in the world . With an estimated population of over 120 million , it is the eleventh most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country in the world while being the second most populous country in Latin America . Mexico is a federation comprising 31 states and a federal district that is also its capital and most populous city . Other metropolises include Guadalajara , Monterrey , Puebla , Toluca , Tijuana and León . Pre-Columbian Mexico was home to many advanced Mesoamerican civilizations , such as the Olmec , Toltec , Teotihuacan , Zapotec , Maya and Aztec before first contact with Europeans . In 1521 , the Spanish Empire conquered and colonized the territory from its base in Mexico-Tenochtitlan , which was administered as the viceroyalty of New Spain . Three centuries later , this territory became Mexico following recognition in 1821 after the colony 's Mexican War of Independence . The tumultuous post-independence period was characterized by economic instability and many political changes . The Mexican -- American War ( 1846 -- 48 ) led to the territorial cession of the extensive northern territories to the United States . The Pastry War , the Franco-Mexican War , a civil war , two empires and a domestic dictatorship occurred through the 19th century . The dictatorship was overthrown in the Mexican Revolution of 1910 , which culminated with the promulgation of the 1917 Constitution and the emergence of the country 's current political system . Mexico has the fifteenth largest nominal GDP and the eleventh largest by purchasing power parity . The Mexican economy is strongly linked to those of its North American Free Trade Agreement ( NAFTA ) partners , especially the United States . Mexico was the first Latin American member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ( OECD ) , joining in 1994 . It is classified as an upper-middle income country by the World Bank and a newly industrialized country by several analysts . By 2050 , Mexico could become the world 's fifth or seventh largest economy . The country is considered both a regional power and middle power , and is often identified as an emerging global power . Due to its rich culture and history , Mexico ranks first in the Americas and seventh in the world by number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites . Mexico is a megadiverse country , ranking fourth in the world by biodiversity . In 2016 it was the eighth most visited country in the world , with 35 million international arrivals . Mexico is a member of the United Nations , the World Trade Organization , the G8 +5 , the G20 , the Uniting for Consensus and the Pacific Alliance .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "ac76177b7351d0e5bd26879e44003667", "text": "List of Mexican autopistas This is a list of autopistas , or tolled highways , in Mexico . Tolled roads are often built as bypasses , to cross major bridges , and to provide direct intercity connections . Many federal highway numbers cover more than one autopista ; other federal highways do not have limited access sections . Normally , Mexican federal highways that are on toll ( cuota ) roads have the letter suffix `` D '' for Directo , e.g. Highway 45 is free ( libre ) and Highway 45D is toll . Most autopistas have a toll over all or part of their length . A few autopistas in very mountainous areas are two-lane . The Mexican limited access highway network is the largest in the Americas outside the USA . The construction is generally financed by toll revenue ( thus user fees ) rather than fuel taxes , thus the toll rates are usually rather high , about MXN $ 1 - , roughly 15 - for private cars and motorcycles . Toll plazas along the mainline charge tolls anywhere from MXN $ 20 to $ 300 , or USD $ 1 to $ 15 . Plazas , crossing the border , accept either pesos or U.S. dollars , but after leaving border city limits one must pay in pesos .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1aa0525c0bad349fd707caa86a01b0d", "text": "Anti-Mexican sentiment Anti-Mexican sentiment is a negative attitude to people of Mexican descent , Mexican culture and/or accents of Mexican Spanish most commonly found in the United States . In general it is closely associated with Mexican and United States Independence wars , and the struggle over Southwestern territories that once belonged to Spain through the establishment of building Catholic Missions . This eventually would lead to war between the two nations and the defeat of Mexico which came with a great loss of territory . In the 20th century , anti-Mexican sentiment continued to grow after the Zimmermann Telegram incident between the Mexican government during the Mexican Revolution and the German Empire during World War I , . Most of all , anti-Mexican sentiment in the USA stemmed from perception that blame Mexicans for illegal immigration .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8daf007af7d002225fcc283567852763", "text": "La Década Perdida `` La Década Perdida '' ( `` The Lost Decade '' ) is a designation to the financial period of crisis in Latin America during the 1980s ( and for some well into the subsequent decade ) . Sometimes the term is used in exclusive reference to Mexico . After the petroleum boom previous to the government of Mexican president José López Portillo ( from 1976 to 1982 ) , the Mexican government began to rely heavily on export barrels to support the financial needs in the country . These exports were mainly directed towards the United States , mainly due to the petroleum crisis of 1973 , taking advantage of the high prices these barrels garnered . When the market finally settled , thus reducing the high prices per barrel , the financial stability of the country was endangered . Diversification of income would have prevented the problem , but due to the inability of other production sectors to make up for the reduced profit , Mexico had to inflate the currency to by then historic levels . The Mexican peso would then be devaluated by almost 500 % . Given these circumstances , López Portillo nationalized all financial institutions in 1982 , during his last public address to the nation by saying : `` Defenderé el peso como un perro '' ( `` I 'll defend the peso like a dog '' ) . During the next period , president Miguel de la Madrid tried to bring back foreign investment and new trade agreements , culminating with Mexico 's admission to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ( GATT ) on January 1986 and also his proposed `` Economic Solidarity Pact '' in 1987 , which finally put inflation under control , which averaged 100 % until that time .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2dd9cbae1b3b9d2f98b0ffe3d52ca91a", "text": "Ambassador of Mexico to the United States The Ambassador of Mexico to the United States is the highest ranking diplomatic representative of the United Mexican States to the United States of America .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bfe683f219917db9cb5259cdf9686558", "text": "Calles Law The Calles Law , or Law for Reforming the Penal Code ( ley de tolerancia de cultos , `` law of tolerance of sects '' ) , was a statute enacted in Mexico in 1926 , under the presidency of Plutarco Elías Calles , to enforce the restrictions against the Catholic Church in Article 130 of the Mexican Constitution of 1917 . Article 130 declared that the church and state are to remain separate . To that end , it required all `` churches and religious groupings '' to register with the state and placed restrictions on priests and ministers of all religions . Priests and ministers could not hold public office , canvass on behalf of political parties or candidates , or inherit property from persons other than close blood relatives . Calles applied the anti-religious and the anti-clerical laws stringently throughout the country and added his own anti-religious and anti-clerical legislation . President Calles applied existing laws regarding the separation of church and state throughout Mexico and added his own legislation . In June 1926 , he signed the `` Law for Reforming the Penal Code '' , which became known unofficially as the `` Calles Law . '' This law provided specific penalties for priests and individuals who violated Article 130 of the 1917 Constitution . For example , wearing clerical garb in public was punishable by a fine of 500 pesos ( approximately 250 U.S. dollars at the time , or worth $ 4250 in 2010 . A priest who criticized the government could be imprisoned for five years . Some states enacted further measures in the name of church and state separation . Chihuahua , for example , enacted a law permitting only a single priest to serve the entire Catholic congregation of the state . To help enforce the law , Calles seized Church property , expelled all foreign priests , and closed monasteries , convents , and religious schools . One result of the Calles Law was the Cristero War , a popular uprising of Catholic peasants in regions of central Mexico against the federal Mexican government . Between 1926 and 1934 , at least 40 priests were killed during the war . Whereas Mexico had some 4,500 Catholic priests prior to the Cristero War , by 1934 only 334 Catholic priests were licensed by the government to serve Mexico 's 15 million people . By 1935 , 17 states were left with no priest at all . Under President Lázaro Cárdenas , the Calles Law was repealed in 1938 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "795ab7755a34f8f3c7624846f61b089e", "text": "Mexico–Sweden relations Mexico -- Sweden relations refers to the diplomatic relations between Mexico and Sweden . Both nations are members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and the United Nations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2318db9d679418ae5e2e1fac15939b02", "text": "Mexican nobility The Mexican nobility includes elite indigenous families from the pre-columbian era ; indigenous elites recognized as nobles in the colonial era ( 1521 -- 1821 ) ; and hereditary nobles and economic elites who acquired noble titles in the colonial era ; and the First Mexican Empire ( 1821 -- 23 ) , immediately after independence from Spain , and the Second Mexican Empire 1862 -- 67 . While some titles were granted in Mexico itself , other families brought with them their old titles from Europe . The Political Constitution of Mexico has prohibited the state from granting any titles of nobility since 1917 . The United Mexican States do not issue or recognize titles of nobility or hereditary prerogatives and honors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0eb31e0f923e04c04842111b40a2b5dc", "text": "Adolfo Aguilar Zínser Adolfo Aguilar Zínser was a Mexican scholar , diplomat and politician who served as a National Security Advisor to President Vicente Fox and as a UN Security Council Ambassador in the midst of the US invasion of Iraq . Born in Mexico City into an upper-class family , Adolfo Aguilar was the son of Adolfo Aguilar y Quevedo a criminal lawyer and Carmen Zínser , a philanthropist . He was also the grandson of Miguel Ángel de Quevedo El apóstol del árbol ( `` Apostle of trees '' ) , considered the first environmentalist in Mexico and Ángela Quevedo de Aguilar a philanthropist . Aguilar studied law at the National Autonomous University of Mexico , international relations at El Colegio de México ( 1972 -- 75 ) and completed a master 's degree in international and public affairs at Harvard University 's Kennedy School of Government ( 1977 -- 78 ) . During the early seventies he briefly subscribed to Marxist ideology , and he headed Luis Echeverría 's Center for Economic and Social Studies of the Third World during the mid-1970s . He was elected to the Chamber of Deputies , representing the Party of the Democratic Revolution ( PRD ) in 1994 and served until 1997 . From 1997 to 2000 he served in the Senate , representing the Green Ecological Party of Mexico ( PVEM ) . Following Vicente Fox 's election to the Presidency ( representing a coalition of the National Action Party and the PVEM ) on July 2 , 2000 , Aguilar served as the transition team 's advisor on international affairs . After taking office , Fox appointed Aguilar his national security advisor . In January 2002 , Fox appointed Aguilar Mexico 's permanent representative to the United Nations . His term coincided with Mexico 's election to the Security Council and , in accordance with the Security Council 's rules of procedure , he served as its president for two one-month terms . Following a speech to students at Mexico City 's Ibero-American University on November 11 , 2003 , in which Aguilar claimed that the political and intellectual class of the United States sees Mexico as `` a country whose position is that of a back yard '' ( patio trasero ) and that Washington was interested in only `` a relationship of convenience and subordination '' and `` a weekend fling '' ( un noviazgo de fin de semana ) , President Fox requested his resignation on 18 November . Two days later , Aguilar announced his resignation in writing accusing Fox of treason and submission to US interests . Aguilar saw nothing controversial in his speech , considering it `` obvious and historical '' ; it was , however , spun in the media to imply that Aguilar himself believed that Mexico was the US 's backyard and was thus unworthy to represent the country at the UN . The speech served as a pretext to fire him and placate the US , although Mexico never gave the US what it wanted : support for the 2003 invasion of Iraq . After leaving the UN , Aguilar received an honorary degree from Ricardo Palma University ( Peru ) and hosted a weekly current-affairs show on television . He died in a car accident near his summer chalet in Tepoztlán , Morelos , on June 5 , 2005 , at the age of 55 . In the run-up to the fifth anniversary of the Iraq War he was the subject of an episode of the BBC series 10 Days to War , in which he was played by Tom Conti .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "81234930f4a223a2a87b978b2b401927", "text": "Irrigation in Mexico Mexico , a classified arid and semi-arid country , has a total land area of 2 million square kilometres , 23 % of which is equipped for irrigated agriculture . The agricultural sector plays an important role in the economic development of the country accounting for 8.4 of agricultural gross domestic product ( GDP ) and employing 23 % of the economically active population . Irrigated agriculture contributes about 50 % of the total value of agricultural production and accounts for about 70 % of agriculture exports . Mexico 's government initiated a number of structural reforms in the water sector aimed to introduce modern water management and irrigation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aad7edc6c6e285e52037f6c056b84033", "text": "List of companies of Guatemala Guatemala is a country in Central America bordered by Mexico to the north and west , the Pacific Ocean to the southwest , Belize to the northeast , the Caribbean to the east , Honduras to the east and El Salvador to the southeast . With an estimated population of around 15.8 million , it is the most populated state in Central America . A representative democracy , Guatemala 's capital and largest city is Nueva Guatemala de la Asunción , also known as Guatemala City . Gross Domestic Product ( GDP ) in purchasing power parity ( PPP ) in 2010 was estimated at $ 70.15 billion USD . The service sector is the largest component of GDP at 63 % , followed by the industry sector at 23.8 % and the agriculture sector at 13.2 % ( 2010 est. ) . Mines produce gold , silver , zinc , cobalt and nickel . The agricultural sector accounts for about two-fifths of exports , and half of the labor force . Organic coffee , sugar , textiles , fresh vegetables , and bananas are the country 's main exports . Inflation was 3.9 % in 2010 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0770ca4465458ce0f73174889540c6c4", "text": "Governor of the State of Mexico The Governor of the State of Mexico ( Spanish : Gobernador Constitucional del Estado de México ) wields executive power in the State of Mexico ( a.k.a. Edomex ) . The Governor of the State of Mexico is directly elected by the citizens , using secret ballot , to a six-year term with no possibility of reelection .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a2780ca79473ad7cfcf2e870ef33639", "text": "List of number-one hits of 1983 (Mexico) This is a list of the songs that reached number one in Mexico in 1983 , according to the Notitas Musicales magazine with data provided by Radio Mil ( which also provided charts for Billboard 's `` Hits of the World '' between 1969 and 1981 ) . Notitas Musicales was a bi-weekly magazine that published two record charts : `` Canciones que México canta '' ( `` Songs that Mexico sings '' ) , which listed the Top 10 most popular Spanish-language songs in Mexico , and `` Hit Parade '' , which was a Top 10 of the most popular songs in Mexico that were in languages other than Spanish .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "180805ca9fecaa248c051523c1f15891", "text": "List of Mexican saints This is a list of Mexican saints , blesseds , venerables , and Servants of God , as recognized by the Roman Catholic Church . These people were born , died , or lived their religious life in the present territory of Mexico . Because of missionaries who spent greater or lesser amounts of time in Mexico en route to other mission lands , exact numbers of Mexican saints vary . The Catholic Church has been present in what is now Mexico since the earliest years of the sixteenth century . As early as 1517 , the expedition of Francisco Hernández de Córdoba brought Catholicism to the Yucatan , where the first diocese in continental North America would be erected in 1518 . Mexico 's first saint was canonized in 1862 . Today , Mexico accounts for more saints and Blesseds than any other country in the Western Hemisphere .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "138e878f56cc8e4ee6ddb56fbc6a9ad9", "text": "Mexico at the 1968 Summer Olympics Mexico was the host nation for the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City . 275 competitors , 233 men and 42 women , took part in 146 events in 20 sports .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b7482eed90952aff19d6bd0d017f6b04", "text": "Mexico–Venezuela relations Mexico -- Venezuela relations are foreign relations between Mexico and Venezuela . Both nations are members of the Association of Caribbean States , Community of Latin American and Caribbean States , Latin American Integration Association , Organization of American States , Organization of Ibero-American States and the United Nations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "66280ba9982a45dbb0691db87afc4957", "text": "Mexico–Taiwan relations Mexico -- Taiwan relations refers to the diplomatic relations between Mexico and the Republic of China ( Taiwan ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ce09d887b2ec804d78919566618c7178", "text": "Puebla Puebla ( -LSB- ˈpweβla -RSB- ) , officially the Free and Sovereign State of Puebla ( Estado Libre y Soberano de Puebla ) is one of the 31 states which , with the Federal District , comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico . It is divided in 217 municipalities and its capital city is Puebla . It is located in East-Central Mexico . It is bordered by the states of Veracruz to the north and east , Hidalgo , México , Tlaxcala and Morelos to the west , and Guerrero and Oaxaca to the south . The origins of the state lie in the city of Puebla , which was founded by the Spanish in this valley in 1531 to secure the trade route between Mexico City and the port of Veracruz . By the end of the 18th century , the area had become a colonial province with its own governor , which would become the State of Puebla , after the Mexican War of Independence in the early 19th century . Since that time the area , especially around the capital city , has continued to grow economically , mostly through industry , despite being the scene of a number of battles , the most notable of which being the Battle of Puebla . Today , the state is one of the most industrialized in the country , but since most of its development is concentrated in Puebla and other cities , many of its rural areas are very poor , forcing many to migrate away to places such as Mexico City and the United States . Culturally , the state is home to the China Poblana , mole poblano , active literary and arts scenes and festivals such as Cinco de Mayo , Ritual of Quetzalcoatl , Day of the Dead celebrations ( especially in Huaquechula ) and Carnival ( especially in Huejotzingo ) . It is home to five major indigenous groups : Nahuas , the Totonacs , the Mixtecs , the Popolocas and the Otomi , which can mostly be found in the far north and the far south of the state .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0905c242efdfbc197f7edddaafe75261", "text": "List of people by number of countries visited This is a list of people by number of countries and territories visited . There are a number of people claiming to have visited every country in the world , though there is great debate as to how many countries there are in the world . The most commonly agreed base number is the number of United Nations member states , of which there are 193 . According to the United Nations , `` The recognition of a new State or Government is an act that only other States and Governments may grant or withhold . '' As a result , the membership of some countries to the United Nations is blocked by one or more other members , such as Taiwan and Kosovo , and there are also two observer states , the Holy See and the State of Palestine . Additionally , there are various dependencies and territories that maintain autonomy , their own government , immigration , and/or print their own currency , and can be widely held as de facto countries by travellers . ISO 3166 is maintained by ISO as an updated list of the aforementioned derived from United Nations sources ( Terminology Bulletin Country Names and the Country and Region Codes for Statistical Use maintained by the United Nations Statistics Divisions ) , and lists 249 countries . The Travelers ' Century Club , whose membership is limited to those travellers who have visited one hundred or more territories of the world , maintains its own official list of countries and territories , a total of 325 as of 1 January 2016 , which includes geographically separated areas , such as Hawaii and other areas of cultural interest . This list of people by countries visited does not prescribe one list as correct ; rather , it lists the number of countries visited from any of these competing lists . The Best Travelled is also considered a reference for the 1281 world regions and well travelled people , and hold a verification process to check on traveller 's claims . Their UN Master List regroups all those travellers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd755fae61d170b8f18958d15acaaea8", "text": "New Spain New Spain ( Nueva España ) was a colonial territory of the Spanish Empire , in the New World north of the Isthmus of Panama . It was established following the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire in 1521 , and following additional conquests , it was made a viceroyalty ( Spanish : virreinato ) in 1535 . The first of four viceroyalties Spain created in the Americas , it comprised Mexico , Central America , much of the Southwestern and Central United States , and Spanish Florida as well as the Philippines , Guam , Mariana and Caroline Islands . After 1535 the colony was governed by the Viceroy of New Spain , an appointed minister of the King of Spain , who ruled as monarch over the colony . The capital of New Spain was Mexico City . New Spain lost parts of its territory to other European powers and independence , but the core area remained under Spanish control until 1821 , when it achieved independence as the Mexican Empire -- when the latter dissolved , it became modern Mexico and Central America . It developed highly regional divisions , which reflect the impact of climate , topography , the presence or absence of dense indigenous populations , and the presence or absence of mineral resources . The areas of central and southern Mexico had dense indigenous populations with complex social , political , and economic organization . The northern area of Mexico , a region of nomadic and semi-nomadic indigenous populations , was not generally conducive to dense settlements , but the discovery of silver in Zacatecas in the 1540s drew settlement there to exploit the mines . Silver mining not only became the engine of the economy of New Spain , but vastly enriched Spain , and transformed the global economy . New Spain was the New World terminus of the Philippine trade , making the viceroyalty a vital link between Spain 's New World empire and its Asian empire .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8208fbdfd5d9e482ed890314504304ca", "text": "Mexican honours system The Mexican honours system consists of civil orders , decorations and medals that are conferred on citizens and foreigners in recognition of their services and achievements . Although the indigenous empires that made up modern Mexico had their own way of recognizing individuals , the current system traces its roots from colonial New Spain , and has evolved because of events since the country 's independence . The following is a partial list of the orders , awards and prizes that have been or are currently issued as state decorations by the Government of Mexico .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "bc16aa2818f5fee7e9d27f4be2766f78", "text": "Reuters Reuters -LSB- ˈrɔɪtərz -RSB- is an international news agency headquartered in London , England . It is a division of Thomson Reuters . Until 2008 , the Reuters news agency formed part of an independent company , Reuters Group plc , which was also a provider of financial market data . Since the acquisition of Reuters Group by the Thomson Corporation in 2008 , the Reuters news agency has been a part of Thomson Reuters , making up the media division . Reuters transmits news in English , French , Arabic , Spanish , German , Italian , Portuguese , Russian , Japanese , Korean , Urdu , and Chinese . It was established in 1851 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "1f9cdcd78b77155a8b978f96d4a7bd0d", "text": "Rai Radio 3 Rai Radio 3 ( radio tre ) is an Italian radio channel operated by the state-owned public-broadcasting organization RAI and specializing in culture and classical music . It is currently directed by Marino Sinibaldi . Founded in 1950 as the Terzo programma , it was loosely based on its British namesake , the BBC Third Programme , which had been established in 1946 . It adopted its current name in 1976 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c5c08772fc83ce15426d7b527988507", "text": "Class CNBC Class CNBC ( formerly CFN/CNBC ) is a business and financial news television channel broadcast in Italy . It is essentially an Italian language version of CNBC Europe , albeit with a major focus on the Italian financial markets . The channel is headquartered in Milan , site of the Borsa Italiana , and is a joint venture between the publishing house Class Editori , which holds a majority stake , along with NBC Universal ( owner of CNBC Europe ) and Italy 's largest commercial television company Mediaset , who hold 20 % of the channel each . The channel broadcasts for sixteen hours per day , covering trading in Europe , Asia and the United States and it has correspondents in other countries , such as at CNBC Europe in London . Class CNBC uses the current on-air graphical look of CNBC Europe , but it has used the same ticker since the launch of the channel . The director is Andrea Cabrini .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f50a87ee42003eb9ac9f1993ddd16ecf", "text": "Il Messaggero Il Messaggero is an Italian newspaper based in Rome , Italy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "78a24bc617a5e98cd771168a04b9f6de", "text": "Agenzia Nazionale Stampa Associata The Agenzia Nazionale Stampa Associata ( ANSA ) is the leading wire service in Italy , and one of the leaders among world news agencies . ANSA is a not-for-profit cooperative , whose members and owners are 36 leading news organizations in Italy . Its mission is the distribution of fair and objective news reporting . The acronym literally means Associated Press National Agency .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54611054fc9cfee98e5a20b8306981fa", "text": "Eurotra Eurotra was an ambitious machine translation project established and funded by the European Commission from 1978 until 1992 . Emboldened by modest success with an older , commercially developed machine translation system SYSTRAN , a large network of European computational linguists embarked upon the Eurotra project with the hope of creating a state-of-the-art MT system for the then seven , later nine , official languages of the European Community . However , as time passed , expectations became tempered ; `` Fully Automatic High Quality Translation '' was not a reasonably attainable goal . The true character of Eurotra was eventually acknowledged to be in fact pre-competitive research rather than prototype development . The project was motivated by one of the founding principles of the EU : that all citizens had the right to read any and all proceedings of the Commission in their own language . As more countries joined , this produced a combinatorial explosion in the number of language pairs involved , and the need to translate every paper , speech and even set of meeting minutes produced by the EU into the other eight languages meant that translation rapidly became the overwhelming component in the administrative budget . To solve this problem Eurotra was devised . The project was unusual in that rather than consisting of a single research team , it had member groups distributed around the member countries , organised along language rather than national lines ( for example , groups in Leuven and Utrecht worked closely together ) , and the secretariat was based at the European Commission in Luxembourg . While this contributed significantly to the culture of the project , it also demonstrated graphically Brooks ' assertion in The Mythical Man-Month that adding personnel to a project results in it taking longer to complete ; the more the number of groups involved , the more time is spent on administration and communication rather than actual research per se . The actual design of the project was unusual as MT projects go . Older systems , such as SYSTRAN , were heavily dictionary-based , with minor support for rearranging word order . More recent systems have often worked on a probabilistic approach , based on parallel corpora . Eurotra addressed the constituent structure of the text to be translated , going through first a syntactic parse followed by a second parse to produce a dependency structure followed by a final parse with a third grammar to produce what was referred to internally as Intermediate Representation ( IR ) . Since all three modules were implemented as Prolog programs , it would then in principle be possible to put this structure backwards through the corresponding modules for another language to produce a translated text in any of the other languages . However , in practice this was not in fact how language pairs were implemented . The first `` live '' translation occupied a 4Mb Microvax running Ultrix and C-Prolog for a complete weekend some time in early 1987 . The sentence , translated from English into Danish , was `` Japan makes computers '' . The main problem faced by the system was the generation of so-called `` Parse Forests '' - often a large number of different grammar rules could be applied to any particular phrase , producing hundreds , even thousands of ( often identical ) parse trees . This used up huge quantities of computer store , slowing the whole process down unnecessarily . While Eurotra never delivered a `` working '' MT system , the project made a far-reaching long-term impact on the nascent language industries in European member states , in particular among the southern countries of Greece , Italy , Spain , and Portugal . There is at least one commercial MT system ( developed by an academic/commercial consortium in Denmark ) derived from Eurotra technology .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "81716b913194ebdaac4a87445d118aaf", "text": "Televisión Española Televisión Española ( acronym TVE , on lowercase letters : tve , in English `` Spanish Television '' ) is the national state-owned public-service television broadcaster in Spain . TVE belongs to the RTVE Corporation which has overall responsibility for national public-service radio and television under a Parliament-appointed General Manager who , as well as being answerable to a Board of Directors , reports to an all-party committee of the national parliament , as provided for in the Public Radio and Television Law of 2006 . TVE 's activities were previously financed by a combination of advertising revenue and subsidies from the national government , but since it has been supported by subsidies only .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "59dcf44b391e474199c3f53fd138468d", "text": "Oggi (magazine) Oggi ( meaning Today in Italian ) is an Italian weekly news magazine published in Milan , Italy and is one of the oldest magazines in the country .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6edbbc620d2434beb2ebf4abaca0d823", "text": "TG2 TG2 ( TeleGiornale 2 ) is the brand for the news programmes of Rai 2 , the Italian state-owned television channel . The programmes are shown several times throughout the day -- domestically on Rai Due , and across Europe , Africa , Americas , Asia and Australasia on Raitalia . It was launched in 1961 as Telegiornale del Secondo Programma before adopting its current name in 1976 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f41b4785baace6cd91c9f7432e331d43", "text": "Claudio Angelini Claudio Angelini ( 29 March 1943 -- 2 June 2015 ) was president of the Dante Alighieri Society in New York , U.S. political correspondent for RAI , the Italian national television network and was President Emeritus of RAI Corporation . He wrote several books and poems including Obama , un anno di sfide ( Obama , a Year of Challenges ) . Angelini served a 4-year term as director of the Italian Cultural Institute of New York from 2003 to 2007 , the Italian governmental agency for the worldwide promotion of Italian cultural affairs . His tenure was praised by some of the most prominent cultural and political figures , including U.S. Ambassador Richard Gardner and Professor David Friedberg , the director of the Italian Academy at Columbia University . Became a Guarantor and ex-officio member of the Board of Italian Academy at Columbia University from 2002-2003 to 2005-2006 He was well known among Italian-Americans for hosting the weekly TV show `` Zoom '' , on RAI International , a 30-minute lifestyle program focused on many aspects relevant to the large Italian community of North America . In 1997 Angelini moved from Rome to New York , where he served as the U.S. Bureau Chief for RAI . He was the first Italian journalist to broadcast the tragic September 11 terrorist attack . Before moving to the U.S. , Angelini was the director of RAI News Radio and the deputy director of TG1 ( RAI 1 news office ) . He also served for 20 years as the RAI chief correspondent for the president of the Italian Republic . This role made him a familiar face in Italian households and earned him the affectionate nickname of the `` Voice of the Presidents . '' Prior to these roles , Angelini anchored TG1 ( RAI 1 TV news ) and hosted the popular cultural program `` Almanacco del Giorno dopo '' for several years . He has been editor-in-chief of important cultural publications including Fiera and has published many books of fiction and poetry with notable Italian publishers Rusconi and Bompiani . He also wrote a political column for the Italian daily newspaper Il Messaggero . He was at times the President , Chairman and promoter of the Capri Awards for literary and cultural events in Capri which he founded with his wife Olga Cortese in the 1980 's . Angelini died in New York from a serious illness .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "823c84bdab65fb7c9b8ecb9f2ed8dece", "text": "Il Tirreno Il Tirreno is a regional Italian newspaper , printed in Livorno and published in Tuscany . Il Tirreno also features sixteen local editions around the whole region .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a339e677bfe7082ed6587647f61b7d4", "text": "List of television channels in Italy This is a list of national Italian TV services available on digital terrestrial , satellite , cable systems in Italy . Some channels have a `` timeshift '' service , i.e. the same programming ( and usually advertisements as well ) broadcast one or two hours later to give viewers another chance to catch a favourite programme . On free satellite , as well as on Sky Italia , foreign channels are also available , such as BBC World News , CNN International , France 24 , MTV Dance , MTV Rocks , etc. . For Italian-speaking channels not based in Italy , or not having studios in Italy , please see the link above this paragraph .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "499ac18c3c638d171e96c6d606f071fa", "text": "List of cathedrals in Italy This is a list of cathedrals in Italy , including also Vatican City and San Marino . This is intended to be a complete list of extant cathedrals - i.e. , churches that are the seats of bishops - and co-cathedrals . Many former cathedrals and proto-cathedrals are also included , but many more are yet to be added . Almost all cathedrals in Italy are Roman Catholic , but any that are not are also listed here . There are many churches in Italy commonly known as Duomo . This is often translated as `` cathedral '' , but not entirely accurately : `` duomo '' refers to the principal church of a town or city , whatever its status . Clearly , when a cathedral exists , that will often also be a town 's principal church , and many cathedrals are thus also `` duomi '' , and vice versa . This is not always so , however : there are places where the cathedral and the principal church are not the same ( Bologna , for example ) ; and very many places which are not the seats of bishops have a non-episcopal `` duomo '' and no cathedral at all . In this list , churches known as `` duomo '' are only included if they are , or have been , episcopal seats , as above . There is a very small number of churches , such as that at Monza , which have such exceptional distinction or status that they are comparable in importance to cathedrals without having ever been the seats of bishops , and are commonly known in English as cathedrals . There is a separate ( incomplete ) list for this small group of churches .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cfea3ee0ac37e16e1869c1a9aee1a2be", "text": "Sergio Borelli Sergio Borelli ( born 1923 ) started as a journalist in post-WWII Milan , at the socialist newspaper L'Avanti . After being awarded a UNESCO Fellowship that sent him to London to learn at the local newspapers and then to the BBC Foreign Dept. he came back to Milan . At that time his major interests were the two great revolutions : Soviet Socialism and China 's Communism . He was offered the position of Moscow correspondent for Il Giorno ; he was the first Italian correspondent there from an independent newspaper . Back to Italy three years later , he continued working as foreign correspondent and , among other things , covered the Algerian War , the first commercial round-the-world flight , Khrushchev 's memorable 1959 trip to the U.S. , and the 1965 U.S. invasion of Santo Domingo . In 1962 , Borelli was awarded The Premiolino , the oldest and most prestigious Italian journalism award . It is made annually to six journalists from print media and television for their career achievements and their contributions to the freedom of the press . In 1965 , he left the newspapers for television , where he developed documentaries and reportage for the News Department of RAI , the Italian State 's TV network . He experimented with different TV formats in collaboration at RAI . In 1966 , Borelli made `` Il Festival de Dakar '' , a 50-minute documentary of Premier Festival Mondial des Arts Nègres ( FESMAN ) or World Festival of Black Arts , in Dakar , 1966 . Labeled as politically unreliable for his critical stances , he was removed from the News Department and given a position at Prix Italia , an international TV competition . There , Borelli connected with peers working in European TV stations who , like him , were exploring new formats . In 1973 at the Prix Italia held in Venice , Sergio and a small group of professionals from public television met with Pierre Schaeffer , of INA Institut National de l'Audiovisuel and Director of the Research Department of ORTF , France and founded CIRCOM - International Cooperative for Research and Action on the Field of Communication . Sergio Borelli was the President of CIRCOM from 1983 to 1989 . In 1977 invited by Howard Klein of the Rockefeller Foundation , Sergio and others - among them James Day of WNET , Russell Connor of the TV Lab at Thirteen/WNET , Fred Barzyk of WGBH-TV , Nam June Paik and Bill Viola - founded INPUT International Public Television Screening Conference . From 1990 on , retired from RAI , he dedicated himself full time to INPUTinternational public television . Borelli was the International Program Coordinator , but was better known for his informal role of `` agent provocateur '' . He defended the non-competitive nature of the conference and worked hard to promote diversity . Up to his 87th birthday he conducted workshops with filmmakers in Asia and Africa and followed his two greatest passions : traveling and talking to as many people as possible . `` The House He Built '' documentary film of Sergio Borelli 's life and wunderkammer home in Rome is in production .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "908815e5d918a5ffd667f73aa4f99879", "text": "Clarín (Argentine newspaper) Clarín ( -LSB- klaˈɾin -RSB- , meaning `` Bugle '' ) is the largest newspaper in Argentina , published by the Grupo Clarín media group . It was founded by Roberto Noble on 28 August 1945 in Buenos Aires . It was popularly understood to oppose the Kirchner government . Its director since 1969 is Ernestina Herrera de Noble . Clarín is part of Periódicos Asociados Latinoamericanos ( Latin American Newspaper Association ) , an organization of fourteen leading newspapers in South America .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "df137b369f1fa3026520c5066033a553", "text": "Gazzetta Ufficiale The Gazzetta Ufficiale della Repubblica Italiana ( Italian , trans . Official Gazette of the Italian Republic ) is the official journal of record of the Italian government . It is published by the Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato in Rome .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "05ed48a6d0ba05cc83a75761a27bc9b0", "text": "Rai 5 Rai 5 is an Italian television channel owned by Rai and broadcast on Digital terrestrial television in Italy . The channel replaced Rai Extra . It broadcasts programs about art , fashion , dance , opera , theatre , cuisine , travel , and documentary films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "59479e707be329441073301ea299b277", "text": "Scot J. Paltrow Scot J. Paltrow is an American journalist . A financial journalist , Paltrow currently works for Reuters . Paltrow is from New York . He received his bachelor 's degree from the Cornell University College of Arts and Sciences and a master 's degree from the London School of Economics . Paltrow 's journalism career began in 1977 when he joined the Memphis Commercial Appeal as a reporter . The following year , he joined the Los Angeles Herald-Examiner , where his investigative series on corruption in Industry , California , `` The City of Insiders , '' resulted in federal and state criminal probes and several convictions . In 1981 , Paltrow moved to the Washington Star , where he covered federal courts . After the Star shut down the same year , Paltrow moved to the Wall Street Journal , where he was a reporter in the Los Angeles bureau . In 1985 , Paltrow became a European correspondent for the Journal based in Brussels . In April 1988 , Paltrow returned to the United States as New York financial bureau chief for the Los Angeles Times . During this period he did numerous investigative stories on Wall Street investment banks , markets and the insurance industry . '' While at the Times , Paltrow won a 1993 George Polk Award for Financial Reporting . Paltrow returned to the Wall Street Journal in May 1997 and served as senior special writer based in New York and writes for the paper 's Washington bureau . In 2007 , following Rupert Murdoch 's purchase of Dow Jones & Company ( which owns the Wall Street Journal ) , Paltrow left the paper and joined Condé Nast 's Portfolio.com as a contributing editor , starting September 1 , 2007 , following another longtime Journal journalist who moved to Portfolio.com , Peter Waldman . In September 2010 , Paltrow moved to Reuters , where he and fellow financial journalist Mark Hosenball were brought on as `` key hires '' in an effort to expand Reuters ' `` coverage of business , Wall Street and Washington . '' Paltrow joined Reuters to cover `` financial crimes , specifically covering criminal and civil investigations related to the financial crisis , as well as the effort to more closely regulate and police the financial world . '' In 2012 , Paltrow won a Society of American Business Editors and Writers Best in Business Awards in the Explanatory/News Agency category for his investigation into banks ' use of robo-signing . Paltrow has written a report , The Case for a Stronger Federal Role in Insurance Regulation : Weak State Regulation Highlights the Need for Federal Oversight of Health Premiums , for the Center for American Progress Action Fund . Paltrow has received a Gerald Loeb Award . Paltrow won 1992 and 1993 John Hancock Awards for Excellence in Business & Financial Journalism , the 1994 Los Angeles Times Editorial Award , the Unity Award in Media , and a 2001 Deadline Club Award from New York City Chapter of the Society of Professional Journalists .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1f88c16f467797534ab187eb6e60bd84", "text": "Rai Fiction Rai Fiction is an Italian production company founded in 1997 . It is owned and operated by Radiotelevisione Italiana ( RAI ) , the national broadcasting company of Italy . The company produces content for RAI 's channels . The company produces cartoons , sitcoms , and other programmes . The company also works in association with foreign production studios and TV channels as well as other production companies in Italy .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f1be996130cbe33f69d16b8e5112a1c", "text": "Sardinian language Sardinian ( sardu , limba sarda , lingua sarda ) or Sard is the primary indigenous Romance language spoken on most of the island of Sardinia ( Italy ) . Of the Romance languages , it is considered one of the closest , if not the closest , to Latin . However , it also incorporates a Pre-Latin ( Paleo-Sardinian , also known as Nuragic , and , to a much lesser degree , Punic ) substratum , and a Byzantine Greek , Catalan , Spanish and Italian superstratum due to the past political membership of the island , first gravitating towards the Hispanic sphere of influence and later towards the Italian one . Sardinian consists of two mutually intelligible varieties , each with its own literature : Campidanese and Logudorese , spoken respectively in the southern half and in the north-central part of Sardinia . Some attempts have been made to introduce a standardized writing system for administrative purposes by combining the two Sardinian varieties , like the LSU ( Limba Sarda Unificada , `` Unified Sardinian Language '' ) and LSC ( Limba Sarda Comuna , `` Common Sardinian Language '' ) , but they have not been generally acknowledged by native speakers . In 1997 Sardinian , along with all the other languages spoken by the Sardinians , was recognized by a regional law ; since 1999 , Sardinian is also one of the twelve `` historical language minorities '' of Italy and protected as such by the national Law no. 482/1999 . However , the language is in retreat and UNESCO classifies both main varieties as `` definitely endangered '' ; although an estimated 68.4 percent of the islanders have a good oral command of Sardinian . Italian is displacing it nonetheless in many cases , and language ability among children has been estimated to have dropped in fact to around 13 percent .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af4f41161404854da56a60a6855bd2d9", "text": "Festa della Repubblica Festa della Repubblica ( -LSB- ˈfɛsta della reˈpubblika -RSB- in English , Republic Day ) is the Italian National Day and Republic Day , which is celebrated on 2 June each year . The day commemorates the institutional referendum held by universal suffrage in 1946 , in which the Italian people were called to the polls to decide on the form of government , following the Second World War and the fall of Fascism . With 12,717,923 votes for a republic and 10,719,284 for the monarchy , the male descendants of the House of Savoy were sent into exile . To commemorate it , a grand military parade is held in central Rome , presided over by the President of the Italian Republic in his role as Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces . The Prime Minister , formally known as the President of the Council of Ministers , and other high officers of state also attend . There are important celebrations in all the Italian embassies and foreign heads of state are invited . Even though the main parade is in Rome , many Italian cities celebrate the day as well . Prior to the foundation of the Republic , the Italian national day was the first Sunday in June , anniversary of the granting of the Statuto Albertino . From 1977 to 1999 , due to economic reasons , this was the date of the celebrations for the 1946 foundation of the republic . The 2 June date became official in 2000 . The parade was held in Turin in 1961 to mark the centennial year of Italian unification .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "936e15e1e60376870eaa680e21e48920", "text": "Richard III of England Richard III ( 2 October 1452 -- 22 August 1485 ) was King of England from 1483 until his death in 1485 , at the age of 32 , in the Battle of Bosworth Field . He was the last king of the House of York and the last of the Plantagenet dynasty . His defeat at Bosworth Field , the last decisive battle of the Wars of the Roses , marked the end of the Middle Ages in England . He is the subject of the historical play Richard III by William Shakespeare . When his brother King Edward IV died in April 1483 , Richard was named Lord Protector of the realm for Edward 's son and successor , the 12-year-old Edward V . As the young king travelled to London from Ludlow , Richard met and escorted him to lodgings in the Tower of London , where Edward V 's own brother Richard of Shrewsbury joined him shortly afterwards . Arrangements were made for Edward 's coronation on 22 June 1483 ; but , before the young king could be crowned , his father 's marriage to his mother Elizabeth Woodville was declared invalid , making their children illegitimate and ineligible for the throne . On 25 June , an assembly of Lords and commoners endorsed the claims . The following day , Richard III began his reign , and he was crowned on 6 July 1483 . The young princes were not seen in public after August , and accusations circulated that the boys had been murdered on Richard 's orders , giving rise to the legend of the Princes in the Tower . There were two major rebellions against Richard . The first , in October 1483 , was led by staunch allies of Edward IV and Richard 's former ally , Henry Stafford , 2nd Duke of Buckingham ; but the revolt collapsed . In August 1485 , Henry Tudor and his uncle , Jasper Tudor , led a second rebellion . Henry Tudor landed in southern Wales with a small contingent of French troops and marched through his birthplace , Pembrokeshire , recruiting soldiers . Henry 's force engaged Richard 's army and defeated it at the Battle of Bosworth Field in Leicestershire . Richard was struck down in the conflict , making him the last English king to die in battle on home soil and the first since Harold Godwinson ( who was killed at the Battle of Hastings in 1066 ) . Henry then ascended the throne as Henry VII . After the battle Richard 's corpse was taken to Leicester and buried without pomp . His original tomb monument is believed to have been removed during the Reformation , and his remains were lost for more than five centuries , believed to have been thrown into the River Soar . In 2012 , an archaeological excavation was commissioned by the Richard III Society on a city council car park on the site once occupied by Greyfriars Priory Church . The University of Leicester identified the skeleton found in the excavation as that of Richard III as a result of radiocarbon dating , comparison with contemporary reports of his appearance , and comparison of his mitochondrial DNA with that of two matrilineal descendants of Richard III 's eldest sister , Anne of York . Richard 's remains were reburied in Leicester Cathedral on 26 March 2015 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "91365466d68218c3a103657dcff5fd87", "text": "Richard the Lionheart (disambiguation) Richard the Lionheart or similar names can refer to : - King Richard I of England Riccardo Primo , opera by Handel , 1727 Richard the Lionheart ( TV series ) , ITV production from around 1960 Richard Coeur de Lion ( play ) , 1876 semi-opera Richard Coeur-de-lion ( opera ) , French opera by André Grétry Richard the Lion-Hearted ( 1923 film ) , starring Wallace Beery Richard the Lionheart ( 2013 film ) , starring Gregory Chandler", "title": "" }, { "docid": "30b9c8bdecf411d6a5c6de20010206ba", "text": "Knight A knight is a person granted an honorary title of knighthood by a monarch or other political leader for service to the monarch or country , especially in a military capacity . Historically , in Europe , knighthood was conferred upon mounted warriors . During the High Middle Ages , knighthood was considered a class of lower nobility . By the Late Middle Ages , the rank had become associated with the ideals of chivalry , a code of conduct for the perfect courtly Christian warrior . Often , a knight was a vassal who served as a fighter for a lord , with payment in the form of land holdings . The lords trusted the knights , who were skilled in battle on horseback . Since the early modern period , the title of knight is purely honorific , usually bestowed by a monarch , as in the British honours system , often for non-military service to the country . The modern female equivalent in the United Kingdom is Dame . Historically , the ideals of chivalry were popularized in medieval literature , especially the Matter of Britain and Matter of France , the former based on Geoffrey of Monmouth 's Historia Regum Britanniae ( History of the Kings of Britain ) which introduced the legend of King Arthur , written in the 1130s . Sir Thomas Malory 's Le Morte d'Arthur ( The Death of Arthur ) , written in 1485 , was important in defining the ideal of chivalry , which is essential to the modern concept of the knight , as an elite warrior sworn to uphold the values of faith , loyalty , courage , and honour . Furthermore , Geoffroi de Charny 's `` Book of Chivalry '' expounded upon the importance of Christian faith in every area of a knight 's life . During the Renaissance , the genre of chivalric romance became popular in literature , growing ever more idealistic and eventually giving rise to a new form of realism in literature popularised by Miguel de Cervantes ' Don Quixote . This novel explored the ideals of knighthood and their incongruity with the reality of Cervantes ' world . In the late medieval period , new methods of warfare began to render classical knights in armour obsolete , but the titles remained in many nations . Some orders of knighthood , such as the Knights Templar , have become the subject of legend ; others have disappeared into obscurity . Today , a number of orders of knighthood continue to exist in several countries , such as the English Order of the Garter , the Swedish Royal Order of the Seraphim , and the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav . Each of these orders has its own criteria for eligibility , but knighthood is generally granted by a head of state or monarch to selected persons to recognise some meritorious achievement . Knighthood in the Middle Ages was closely linked with horsemanship ( and especially the joust ) from its origins in the 12th century until its final flowering as a fashion among the high nobility in the Duchy of Burgundy in the 15th century . This linkage is reflected in the etymology of chivalry , cavalier and related terms ( see Etymology section below ) . The special prestige accorded to mounted warriors finds a parallel in the furusiyya in the Muslim world , and the Greek hippeus and Roman eques of classical antiquity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b281dbfdc74b1193cf1f4e1ce97c570", "text": "William fitz Duncan William fitz Duncan ( a modern anglicisation of the Old French Guillaume fils de Duncan and the Middle Irish Uilleam mac Donnchada ) was a Scottish prince , a territorial magnate in northern Scotland and northern England , a general and the legitimate son of king Donnchad II ( Duncan II ) of Scotland by Athelreda ( Ethelreda ) of Dunbar . In 1094 , his father Donnchad II was killed by Mormaer Máel Petair of Mearns , supporting the claims of King Domnall ( Donald ) III Bán . It is probable that William left Scotland with his mother in that year , to the safety of Allerdale in Cumberland . A decade or so later , he ventured to the court of his half-uncle . Under the reign of his half-uncle Alexander I , it is highly likely that William was regarded as a viable tánaiste ( i.e. `` designated heir '' ) , but Henry I of England supported David . When David succeeded , William , as the legitimate king under the rules of primogeniture was certainly bought off by David , probably being made tánaiste . William repeatedly leads the lists of witnesses appearing in Scottish royal charters in the reigns of Alexander I and David I. A 13th century northern English source claims that William was Mormaer of Moray . As this source had no reason to deceive , it is highly likely that William was made the ruler of Moray after the defeat of King Óengus of Moray in 1130 . It is feasible that this grant had something to do with the coming of age of David 's son , Prince Henry and may also be a factor in his marriage to a daughter of Óengus . As well as being the ruler of Moray , William controlled the English lands of Allerdale , Skipton and Craven , making him one of the greatest barons of northern England . William was a great warrior . He frequently led Scottish armies . In the campaign of 1138 , he led an army of Gaels that defeated a Norman English army at the Battle of Clitheroe , raising the hopes for the success of the royal army , hopes which failed to materialize at the Battle of the Standard . William had several marriages . His first marriage was over , presumably through death , by the year 1137 , when he married Alice de Rumilly , daughter of William Meschin . By the latter , he had a son , also called William ( William of Egremont or William the Atheling ) , who died in 1160 , and a daughter Cicely , Lady of Skipton , who married William le Gros , 1st Earl of Albemarle . He also had a large number of bastards , probably including Wimund of the Isles . It is now presumed that Domnall mac Uilleim , and the Meic Uilleim clan that repeatedly rebelled against later Scottish kings in their quest to gain the Scottish throne , were legitimate descendants of a marriage to a daughter of Óengus of Moray . He died in 1147 , whereupon Moray fell back into the hands of David .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a72c3f5bf47b4e8f0aa731478fdf7f2", "text": "Robin of Redesdale Robin of Redesdale , sometimes called `` Robin Mend-All '' , was the leader of an insurrection against King Edward IV of England . His true identity is unknown , but it is thought he could have been either Sir John Conyers of Hornby ( d. 1490 ) or his brother Sir William Conyers of Marske ( d. 1469 ) , or even both . Whoever he was , the power behind his rebellion was Richard Neville , 16th Earl of Warwick ( `` Warwick the Kingmaker '' ) . During April 1469 , the rebellion was raised in the north of England . The rebels were defeated in April by John Neville , Earl of Northumberland , but further troops were raised and the rebels openly denounced the government of Edward IV , demanding that he remove his wife 's family , the Woodvilles , from positions of power . On 26 July , the rebel army met and defeated Edward 's army ( commanded by William Herbert , Earl of Pembroke ) at the Battle of Edgecote Moor . Although they were victorious , Robin himself was reported to have died in the battle , hence his identification with William Conyers who was killed at Edgecote . However , his mantle was temporarily assumed by someone else , apparently Sir John Conyers , when Warwick raised a further rebellion early in 1470 . This second `` Robin of Redesdale '' submitted to Edward IV in March 1470 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "79367f0e48a5a0780faa2a89debb0448", "text": "Gospatric III, Earl of Lothian Gospatric III ( died 1166 ) was a twelfth-century Anglo-Celtic noble , who was Earl of Lothian and later the Earl of Dunbar , and feudal Lord of Beanley . He was the son of Gospatric II , Earl of Lothian ( later called Earl of Dunbar ) . He appeared for the first time as a witness in a charter representing his father 's grant to Coldingham Priory . After his father 's death in 1138 , he inherited his father 's territories in Northumberland , East Lothian and the Scottish Borders . He bore the title `` Earl of Lothian '' on his seal . The following year `` the son of earl Gospatric and the son of Hugh de Morville and the son of earl Fergus ( of Galloway ) '' were asked to go as hostages in negotiations with King Stephen of England . He married a Scottish woman called Deirdre , and by her fathered two sons , Waltheof , Earl of Lothian and Patrick . Gospatric was a great religious patron , granting lands to many of his neighbouring abbeys . He even appears to have become a monk himself , and when he died there in 1166 he was probably already part of the monastic community where he was buried , at Durham .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea9374c929544bec41cbeeae5031b854", "text": "William de Ufford, 2nd Earl of Suffolk William de Ufford , 2nd Earl of Suffolk ( 30 May 1338 -- 15 February 1382 ) was an English nobleman in the reigns of Edward III and Richard II . He was the son of Robert de Ufford , who was created Earl of Suffolk by Edward III in 1337 . William had three older brothers who all predeceased him , and in 1369 he succeeded his father . In the 1370s , he participated in several campaigns of the Hundred Years ' War , but this period was not a successful one for England . Suffolk was closely connected to Thomas Beauchamp , Earl of Warwick and John of Gaunt , Duke of Lancaster , and his conciliatory skills were highly valued in national politics . He helped arbitrate in the conflict between Gaunt and the parliamentary Commons during the Good Parliament . In 1381 , Suffolk took part in suppressing the Peasants ' Revolt in East Anglia , after narrowly escaping the rebels himself . He died suddenly in 1382 while attending parliament , and since he had no surviving children , his title became extinct and his property was dispersed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad5da3c052a41a63309b0556f75f787a", "text": "David Baldwin (historian) David Baldwin ( b. 22 December 1946 d. 4 April 2016 ) was a British historian , author and former university lecturer , who lived near Leicester , England . Baldwin specialised in late Medieval history -- `` the great medieval families of the Midlands '' -- and wrote several books about the people and events of the Wars of the Roses . Before retiring from teaching , Baldwin had previously worked as a lecturer at both the University of Leicester and the University of Nottingham . In 1986 , over 25 years before the 2012 excavation and the discovery of the king 's body , he predicted that Richard III 's remains would be found at Greyfriars , Leicester . In his 2010 book , Robin Hood : The English Outlaw Unmasked , Baldwin argued that the ` real ' Robin Hood was Roger Godberd , a disinherited supporter of Simon de Montfort . He drew attention to the many similarities between Godberd 's career and the stories told of Robin in the earliest ballads , and to a grave slab in Loxley churchyard in Warwickshire which appeared to be identical to one associated with Robin in earlier centuries . In his 2007 book , The Lost Prince : The Survival of Richard of York , Baldwin discussed the possibility that the younger of the Princes in the Tower , Prince Richard , survived , and was the `` Richard Plantagenet '' who died in December 1550 at Eastwell in Kent . Richard had worked as a bricklayer at St. John 's Abbey , Colchester , until 1539 , but , unusually for someone of his class , could read Latin . He is sometimes said to have been an illegitimate son of King Richard III . Baldwin was elected a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society in 2012 . A religious man , Baldwin was a member of a Christadelphian congregation in Leicester .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "db71500e06f203cc8fcd279a14356c83", "text": "Hundred Years' War The Hundred Years ' War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453 by the House of Plantagenet , rulers of the Kingdom of England , against the House of Valois , rulers of the Kingdom of France , over the succession of the French throne . Each side drew many allies into the war . It was one of the most notable conflicts of the Middle Ages , in which five generations of kings from two rival dynasties fought for the throne of the largest kingdom in Western Europe . The war marked both the height of chivalry and its subsequent decline , and the development of strong national identities in both countries . After the Norman Conquest , the kings of England were vassals of the kings of France for their possessions in France . The French kings had endeavored , over the centuries , to reduce these possessions , to the effect that only Gascony was left to the English . The confiscation or threat of confiscating this duchy had been part of French policy to check the growth of English power , particularly whenever the English were at war with the Kingdom of Scotland , an ally of France . Through his mother , Isabella of France , Edward III of England was the grandson of Philip IV of France and nephew of Charles IV of France , the last king of the senior line of the House of Capet . In 1316 , a principle was established denying women succession to the French throne . When Charles IV died in 1328 , Isabella , unable to claim the French throne for herself , claimed it for her son . The French rejected the claim , maintaining that Isabella could not transmit a right that she did not possess . For about nine years ( 1328 -- 1337 ) , the English had accepted the Valois succession to the French throne , but the interference of the French king , Philip VI , in Edward III 's war against Scotland permitted Edward III to reassert his claim to the French throne . Several overwhelming English victories in the war -- especially at Crecy , Poitiers , and Agincourt -- raised the prospects of an ultimate English triumph . However , the greater resources of the French monarchy precluded a complete conquest . Starting in 1429 , decisive French victories at Orléans , Patay , Formigny , and Castillon concluded the war in favour of France , with England permanently losing most of its major possessions on the continent . Historians commonly divide the war into three phases separated by truces : the Edwardian Era War ( 1337 -- 1360 ) ; the Caroline War ( 1369 -- 1389 ) ; and the Lancastrian War ( 1415 -- 1453 ) . Local conflicts in neighbouring areas , which were contemporarily related to the war , including the War of the Breton Succession ( 1341 -- 1364 ) , the Castilian Civil War ( 1366 -- 1369 ) , the War of the Two Peters ( 1356 -- 1375 ) in Aragon , and the 1383 -- 85 Crisis in Portugal , were availed by the parties to advance their agendas . Later historians adopted the term `` Hundred Years ' War '' as a historiography periodization to encompass all of these events , thus constructing the longest military conflict in European history . The war owes its historical significance to multiple factors . By its end , feudal armies had been largely replaced by professional troops , and aristocratic dominance had yielded to a democratisation of the manpower and weapons of armies . Although primarily a dynastic conflict , the war gave impetus to ideas of French and English nationalism . The wider introduction of weapons and tactics supplanted the feudal armies where heavy cavalry had dominated , and artillery became important . The war precipitated the creation of the first standing armies in Western Europe since the time of the Western Roman Empire and thus helping to change their role in warfare . With respect to the belligerents , in France , civil wars , deadly epidemics , famines , and bandit free-companies of mercenaries reduced the population drastically . English political forces over time came to oppose the costly venture . The dissatisfaction of English nobles , resulting from the loss of their continental landholdings , became a factor leading to the civil wars known as the Wars of the Roses ( 1455 -- 1487 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9fde5ddcc4b4c2224353528f242a3397", "text": "The Battlefields of England The Battlefields of England was a work of non-fiction by A. H. Burne first published in 1950 by Methuen . A sequel , More Battlefield of England , followed in 1952 . In 1996 the two works were combined under `` The Battlefields of England '' title . The book explores battlefields in respect of the following battles : Caradoc 's Last Fight AD 51 The Battle of Mount Badon AD 500 The Battle of Deorham AD 577 Wansdyke and the Battle of Ellandun AD 825 The Battle of Ashdown 8 January 871 The Battle of Ethandun AD 878 The Battle of Brunanburh AD 937 The Battle of Maldon August 991 The Battle of Assingdon 18 October 1016 The Battle of Stamford Bridge 25 September 1066 The Battle of Hastings 14 October 1066 The Battle of the Standard , or Northallerton : 22 August 1138 The Battle of Lewes 14 May 1264 ) The Battle of Evesham 4 August 1265 ) The Battle of Neville 's Cross 17 October 1346 The Battle of Otterburn 19 August 1388 The Battle of Shrewsbury 21 July 1403 The First Battle of St. Albans 22 May 1455 The Battle of Blore Heath 23 September 1459 The Second Battle of St. Albans 17 February The Battle of Towton 29 March 1461 The Battle of Barnet 14 April 1471 The Battle of Tewkesbury 14 May 1471 The Battle of Bosworth 22 August 1485 The Battle of Stoke Field 16 June 1487 The Battle of Flodden 9 September 1513 The Battle of Edgehill 22 October 1642 The Battle of Lansdown 5 July 1643 The Battle of Roundway Down 13 July 1643 The First Battle of Newbury 20 October 1643 The Battle of Cheriton 29 March 1644 The Battle of Marston Moor 2 July 1644 The Second Battle of Newbury 28 October 1644 The Battle of Naseby 14 June 1645 The Battle of Langport 10 July 1645 The Battle of Worcester 3 September 1651 The Battle of Sedgemoor 6 July 1685", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5606342b4867d7174393ff25ba13828c", "text": "Gospatric II, Earl of Lothian Gospatric II ( died 1138 ) was Earl of Lothian or Earl of Dunbar in the early 12th century . He was the son of Gospatric I , sometime Earl of Northumbria ( d. after 1073 ) . In the earliest sources , occurring at dates between 1120 and 1134 he is not styled `` earl '' , but the `` brother of Dolfin '' , the latter style being used in his own seal . Later accounts say that he was granted lands by king Máel Coluim III , although it is possible that he received them from his father , while his brother Dolfin received much of Cumberland . As Gospatric held lands from both King David I of Scotland and King Henry I of England it is impossible to label him either `` English '' or `` Scottish '' . Gospatric enjoyed the benefits of the renewed prominence given to native Englishmen in the reign of Henry I . He and his children obtained many lands in England proper , and he himself gained jurisdiction over some northern English legal duties . He appears to have attained the status of `` earl '' by the year 1134 , when that style first appears in documentary sources . Earl Gospatric , described as `` the chief leader of the men of Lothian '' was killed at the Battle of the Standard , being `` struck by an arrow , he fell '' . He had four sons , Gospatric III ( his successor ) , Adam , Edward , and Edgar . His daughter , Juliana , married Ralph de Merlay . Ralph and Juliana founded Newminster Abbey .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c92e2aa20923dcd87fe52d51ce4c66fc", "text": "Duke of Bedford Duke of Bedford ( named after Bedford , England ) is a title that has been created six times ( for five distinct people ) in the Peerage of England . The first and second creations came in 1414 in favour of Henry IV 's third son , John , who later served as regent of France . He was made Earl of Kendal at the same time and was made Earl of Richmond later the same year . The titles became extinct on his death in 1435 . The third creation came in 1470 in favour of George Neville , nephew of Warwick the Kingmaker . He was deprived of the title by Act of Parliament in 1478 . The fourth creation came 1478 in favour of George , the third son of Edward IV . He died the following year at the age of two . The fifth creation came in 1485 in favour of Jasper Tudor , half-brother of Henry VI and uncle of Henry VII . He had already been created Earl of Pembroke in 1452 . However , as he was a Lancastrian , his title was forfeited between 1461 and 1485 during the predominance of the House of York . He regained the earldom in 1485 when his nephew Henry VII came to the throne and was elevated to the dukedom the same year . He had no legitimate children and the titles became extinct on his death in 1495 . The Russell family currently holds the titles of Earl and Duke of Bedford . John Russell , a close advisor of Henry VIII and Edward VI , was granted the title of Earl of Bedford in 1551 , and his descendant William , 5th Earl , was created Duke following the Glorious Revolution . The subsidiary titles of the Duke of Bedford , all in the Peerage of England , are Marquess of Tavistock ( created 1694 ) , Earl of Bedford ( 1550 ) , Baron Russell , of Cheneys ( 1539 ) , Baron Russell of Thornhaugh in the County of Northampton ( 1603 ) , and Baron Howland , of Streatham in the County of Surrey ( 1695 ) ( and possibly the Barony of Bedford , which was merged into it in 1138 , 1366 or 1414 ) . The courtesy title of the Duke of Bedford 's eldest son and heir is Marquess of Tavistock '' . Every Duke from the 5th Duke onwards is descended from Charles II of England . The family seat is Woburn Abbey , Bedfordshire . The private mausoleum and chapel of the Russell Family and the Dukes of Bedford is at St. Michael 's Church in Chenies , Buckinghamshire ( photo ) . The family owns The Bedford Estate in central London .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "298e7e2abb9c3ac5a2efe85795916333", "text": "Wars of the Three Kingdoms The Wars of the Three Kingdoms , sometimes known as the British Civil Wars , formed an intertwined series of conflicts that took place in England , Ireland and Scotland between 1639 and 1651 . The English Civil War proper has become the best-known of these conflicts and included the execution of the kingdoms ' monarch , Charles I , by the English parliament in 1649 . The history of these wars is often extended to include the uprisings and conflicts that continued through the 1650s until the English Restoration of the monarchy with Charles II , in 1660 , and sometimes until Venner 's uprising the following year . The wars were the outcome of tensions over religious and civil issues . Religious disputes centred on whether religion was to be dictated by the monarch or the choice of the individual , with many people feeling that they ought to have freedom of religion . The related civil questions were to what extent the king 's rule was constrained by parliaments -- in particular his right to raise taxes and armed forces without consent . Furthermore , the wars also had an element of national conflict , as Ireland and Scotland rebelled against England 's primacy within the Three Kingdoms . The victory of the English Parliament -- ultimately under Oliver Cromwell -- over the king , the Irish and the Scots helped to determine the future of Great Britain and Ireland as a constitutional monarchy with political power centred on London . The wars included the Bishops ' Wars of 1639 and 1640 , the Scottish Civil War of 1644 -- 45 ; the Irish Rebellion of 1641 , Confederate Ireland , 1642 -- 49 and the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland in 1649 ( collectively the Eleven Years War or Irish Confederate Wars ) ; and the First , Second and Third English Civil Wars of 1642 -- 46 , 1648 -- 49 and 1650 -- 51 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c48e1ee4f18f7a6761b813d4faec7f81", "text": "Richard of Lincoln (illegitimate son of Henry I of England) Richard of Lincoln ( b. before 1101 , d. 25 November 1120 ) was the illegitimate son of Henry I of England , born to Henry and a woman named Ansfride , widow of Aanskill ( origins unknown ) . She is often referred to as Henry 's third mistress . Richard was brought up and educated by Robert Bloet , the Bishop of Lincoln . Bloet had also educated Richard 's half-brother Robert , 1st Earl of Gloucester . Richard is sometimes confused with Richard de Lincoln , an Anglo-Norman prelate who died in 1203 . Richard supported his father in his war with Louis VI of France , although it is unclear at what point he joined the fight with the English forces . According to Orderic Vitalis , he avoided capture by French forces at Les Andelys in 1119 through the help of Ralph the Red of Pont-Echanfray . He continued to fight at his father 's side during the sieged the castle of Évreux being held by Henry 's most detested enemy , Amaury III de Montfort . His last known military adventure was at the battle of Brémule on 20 August 1119 , for which the decisive win by the English led to Louis ' accepting Richard 's half-brother William Adelin as Duke of Normandy . In 1120 , Richard became betrothed to Amice , the daughter of the defender of Brémule , Raoul II de Gael , seigneur of Gael and Montfort , son of Ralph de Gael , Earl of East Anglia . The marriage never took place as Richard died in the wreck of the White Ship on 25 November 1120 . Amice did not accompany him and lived until 1168 , marrying the king 's ward Robert de Beaumont , 2nd Earl of Leicester , and one of many descendents included Ida de Tosny , a mistress of Henry II Curtmantle , King of England .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1488eef2f350a3e200af1008da95602d", "text": "Wars of the Roses The Wars of the Roses were a series of wars for control of the throne of England fought between supporters of two rival branches of the royal House of Plantagenet : the House of Lancaster ( associated with a red rose ) , and the House of York ( whose symbol was a white rose ) . The conflict lasted through many sporadic episodes between 1455 and 1487 ; however , there was fighting before and after this period between the houses . The power struggle ignited around social and financial troubles following the Hundred Years ' War , combined with the mental infirmity and weak rule of Henry VI which revived interest in Richard of York 's claim to the throne . Historians disagree about whether the Wars of the Roses were caused by the structural problems of bastard feudalism or Henry VI 's ineffectiveness as king . With the Duke of York 's death , the claim transferred to his heir , Edward , who later became the first Yorkist king of England , as Edward IV . His son reigned for 86 days as Edward V , but Parliament then decided that Edward and his brother Richard were illegitimate and offered the crown to Edward IV 's younger brother , who became Richard III . The two young princes disappeared within the confines of the Tower of London . The final victory went to a claimant of the Lancastrian party , Henry Tudor , Earl of Richmond , who defeated the last Yorkist king , Richard III , at the Battle of Bosworth Field . After assuming the throne as Henry VII , he married Elizabeth of York , the eldest daughter and heir of Edward IV , thereby uniting the two claims . The House of Tudor ruled the Kingdom of England until 1603 , with the death of Elizabeth I , granddaughter of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "56225ea6a6fd016ca5a63a4072562025", "text": "Battle of Carham The Battle of Carham ( c. 1018 ) ( also referred to as the Battle of Coldstream ) was fought between the Kingdom of Scotland and the Northumbrians at Carham on Tweed . ` Uhtred , son of Waldef , earl of the Northumbrians , fought the combined forces of Máel Coluim ( II ) mac Cináeda ( Malcolm son of Cyneth , king of Scots ) and Owain the Bald ( King of Strathclyde ) . Their combined forces defeated Earl Uhtred 's forces determining the eastern border of Scotland at the River Tweed . Written Records of the Battle Sources for the battle are scarce . Those that do mention the battle often include it in a survey of other events . The English sources only briefly discuss the battle . Three of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle manuscripts ( C , D , and E ) record the events leading to the conflict : `` Then -LSB- Atheling Edmund and Earl Uhtred -RSB- led an army into Staffordshire and into Shropshire and to Chester , and they ravaged on their side and Cnut on his side . He then went out through Buckinghamshire into Bedfordshire , from there to Huntingdonshire , and so into Northamptionshire , long the fen to Stamford , and then into Lincolnshire ; then from there to Nottinghamshire and so into Northumbria towards York . '' Mael Coluin and Owain grouped together `` near Caddonlea ( Selkirkshire ) -LSB- ... -RSB- where the Wedale road from Alba met the Tweeddale road from Strathclyde , lay at the northern edge of Ettick Forest ( roughly corresponding with to Selkirkshire in extent ) which formed a march ( an underdeveloped and sparsely populated border zone ) between Cumbria and Northumbria . '' Uhtred 's forces intercepted them before they crossed Cheviot . This interception meant that he did not have enough time to gather enough troops . Another source , De obsessione Dunelmi ( `` On the Siege of Durham '' ) , places the battle under the 1018 annul listing Uhtred as the Northumbrian army . The Dating Controversy Symeon of Durham ( 12th Century ) , using dependable Northumbrian materials , records in Historia Dunelmensis Ecclesie places the battle in 1018 ( `` without mention of Uhtred '' ) . Frank Stenton proposed and some scholars maintain that astronomical events referred to in accounts of the battle actually indicate 1016 . Symeon 's record of a comet 's visibility during the battle correlates with astronomical evidence from August 1018 . Stenton also contended that the death of Earl Uhtred in 1016 voids the argument for 1018 . Three versions of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle ( C , D , and E ) reference the death of Uhtred in the 1016 annul : `` When Uhtred learned this , he left his ravaging and hastened north-wards , and submitted then out of necessity , and with him all the Northumbrians and he gave hostages ; and nevertheless he was killed with him Thurketel , Nafena 's son ; and then after that the king ( Cnut ) appointed Eric for the Northumbrians , as their earl , just as Uhtred had been ; and then turned him southward by another route keeping to the west and the whole army then reached the ships before Easter . '' Stenton and C. Plummer argue that the earlier date of the battle used the 1016 annual 's inclusion of Uhtred 's death . Durham argues and Woolf supports that the mention is an aside from the scribe recording in 1018 or 1019 . De Obsessione Dunelmi ( c. 1165 ) supports Durham 's theory that the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle scribe is discussing the more recent death of Uhtred as it places his death following the events outlined in the English source under the 1018 annul . Significance The battle 's significance is a matter of controversy , especially in regard to the region of Lothian . Scottish historians claim Lothian was won for Scotland at Carham and that Scotland 's borders were expanded as a result ; Marjorie O. Anderson argues that the English king Edgar the Peaceful granted Lothian to Cináed ( II ) mac Maíl Coluim , King of Scots , in 973 . In English sources , the Battle of Carham is not given any special significance . Still others , such as G.W.S. Barrow hold , that `` What English annalists recorded as the ` cession ' of Lothian was ... the recognition by a powerful but extremely remote south-country king of a long-standing fait accompli . '' The Scot 's possession of what now constitutes the south-east of Scotland seems to have been recognized by kings of England , even when kings such as Cnut and William the Conqueror invaded , as they did not seek permanent control of the area . Aftermath After the battle of Carham , much of present-day Scotland was under the control of the King of Scots , although Norsemen still held sway in Ross , Caithness , Sutherland , and The Isles . The Lords of Galloway remained semi-independent . Scotland or Scotia referred to what constitutes present-day Scotland north of the Forth and Clyde ; it was not until the time of King Dabíd ( I ) mac Maíl Choluim that people in the south-east of the kingdom began to think of themselves as Scots . In his own charters ( e.g. to St Cuthbert 's in Edinburgh ) , he continued to refer to the men of Lothian as English . Woolf asserts that `` the likelihood is that these are under representative glimpses of a much longer conflict which escaped he detailed gaze of our chroniclers because far more interesting things were happening in Southumbria and Ireland at the time . '' The Carham 1018 Society The Scotland-based society 's mission statement is `` to investigate , raise awareness , and commemorate the Battle of Carham . '' The society 's website provides dates for `` public meetings , commemorative events , and future plans '' as well as excerpts from articles and archaeological findings pertaining to the battle .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e603b3257d8323ea9bfa728495808cd2", "text": "Edward III (disambiguation) Edward III of England ( 1312 -- 1377 ) was King of England from 1327 until his death . Edward III may also refer to : Edward III , Duke of Bar ( 1377 -- 1415 ) , who fought and died at the Battle of Agincourt during the Hundred Years ' War Edward III ( play ) , a play thought to be by William Shakespeare", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af88fde5e8b51a700701198ef5758d28", "text": "Anglo-Saxon weaponry Many different weapons were created and used in Anglo-Saxon England between the fifth and eleventh centuries . Spears were the most common weapon , and were used for piercing and throwing ( in which case the spear would be called a javelin ) . Other commonplace weapons included the sword , axe , and knife -- bows and arrows , as well as slings , were not frequently used by the Anglo-Saxons . For defensive purposes , the shield was the most common item used by warriors , although mail and helmets were sometimes used . Weapons also had symbolic value for the Anglo-Saxons , apparently having strong connections to gender and social status . Weapons were commonly included as grave goods in the early Anglo-Saxon burials . The vast majority of these weapons were buried in male graves , but there were some exceptions . In a non-funerary context , weapons were occasionally deposited in the ground or near rivers . However , the establishment of a literate Christian clergy in Anglo-Saxon England resulted in the production of several textual sources which describe weapons and their usage in battle . Some of these literary sources include the poems Beowulf and The Battle of Maldon .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87d5126edfd224467b5807556d966f6d", "text": "Henry V of England Henry V ( 9 August 1386 -- 31 August 1422 ) was King of England from 1413 until his death at the age of 36 in 1422 . He was the second English monarch who came from the House of Lancaster . After military experience fighting the Welsh during the revolt of Owain Glyndŵr , and against the powerful aristocratic Percys of Northumberland at the Battle of Shrewsbury , Henry came into political conflict with his father , whose health was increasingly precarious from 1405 onward . After his father 's death in 1413 , Henry assumed control of the country and embarked on war with France in the ongoing Hundred Years ' War ( 1337 -- 1453 ) between the two nations . His military successes culminated in his famous victory at the Battle of Agincourt ( 1415 ) and saw him come close to conquering France . After months of negotiation with Charles VI of France , the Treaty of Troyes ( 1420 ) recognised Henry V as regent and heir apparent to the French throne , and he was subsequently married to Charles 's daughter , Catherine of Valois ( 1401 -- 37 ) . Following Henry V 's sudden and unexpected death in France two years later , he was succeeded by his infant son , who reigned as Henry VI ( 1422 -- 61 , 1470 -- 71 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3fe7eafe7002118de53e42adcbdae585", "text": "Richard de Clare, Steward of Forest of Essex Richard de Clare ( after 1281 -- 10 May 1318 ) 1st Lord Clare was the son of Thomas de Clare , Lord of Thomond and Juliana FitzGerald . A descendant of Strongbow , he succeeded his older brother , Gilbert , in 1308 as Lord of Thomond . In 1309 , and then again between 1312 and 1316 , he was sheriff of Cork . Forced to put down a number of rebellions , he was eventually killed while commanding his forces at the Battle of Dysert O'Dea near what is now Ennis , County Clare . According to legend , the day before his death , Richard de Clare beheld a woman dressed in white on the river 's edge washing bloody clothing and armor . When he asked whose clothes they were , she replied , `` yours , '' and then vanished . This woman was believed to be a banshee foretelling his death the next day when he lay dead with his clothes caked in blood on the battlefield of Dysert O'Dea ( Lewis Spence , The Magical Arts in Celtic Britain 81 ( 1999 ) ) . Richard was succeeded by his son Thomas , who was born in 1318 and died three years later . A series of inquisitions post mortem that were held following a writ issued on 10 April 1321 established that Thomas ' heirs were his father 's sisters ; Margaret , the wife of Bartholomew de Badlesmere and Maud , the wife of Sir Robert de Welle . As well as stewardship of the Forest of Essex , Thomas ' estate included numerous properties in Ireland .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d9ef0d8a8c27e40570e35f8d55a04d62", "text": "Black Death in England The Black Death was a pneumonic plague pandemic , which reached England in June 1348 , and died down by December 1349 . It was the first and most severe manifestation of the Second Pandemic , caused by Yersinia pestis bacteria . The term `` Black Death '' was not used until the late 17th Century . Originating in China , it spread west along the trade routes across Europe and arrived on the British Isles from the English province of Gascony . The plague seems to have been spread by flea-infected rats , as well as individuals who had been infected on the continent . Rats were the reservoir hosts of the Y. pestis bacteria and the Oriental rat flea was the primary vector . The first known case in England was a seaman who arrived at Weymouth , Dorset , from Gascony in June 1348 . By autumn , the plague had reached London , and by summer 1349 it covered the entire country , before dying down by December . Low estimates of mortality in the early twentieth century have been revised upwards due to re-examination of data and new information , and a figure of 40 -- 60 % of the population is widely accepted . The English government handled the crisis well , and the country did not experience the extreme reactions that were seen elsewhere in Europe . The most immediate consequence was a halt to the campaigns of the Hundred Years ' War . In the long term , the decrease in population caused a shortage of labour , with subsequent rise in wages , resisted by the landowners , which caused deep resentment among the lower classes . The Peasants ' Revolt of 1381 was largely a result of this resentment , and even though the rebellion was suppressed , in the long term serfdom was ended in England . The Black Death also affected artistic and cultural efforts , and may have helped advance the use of the vernacular . In 1361 -- 62 the plague returned to England , this time causing the death of around 20 % of the population . After this the plague continued to return intermittently throughout the 14th and 15th centuries , in local or national outbreaks . From this point on its effect became less severe , and one of the last outbreaks of the plague in England was the Great Plague of London in 1665 -- 66 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "811366deee5b8ea441468c36393357b0", "text": "The Emoji Movie The Emoji Movie is an upcoming 2017 American 3D computer-animated buddy adventure comedy film written and directed by Tony Leondis and co-written by Eric Siegel and Mike White . It will star the voices of T.J. Miller , Anna Faris , James Corden , Patrick Stewart , Maya Rudolph , Steven Wright , Rob Riggle , Jennifer Coolidge , Jake T. Austin , Sofia Vergara , and Christina Aguilera . Produced by Sony Pictures Animation , the film is scheduled to be released on July 28 , 2017 , by Columbia Pictures .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "38682d92e33563adc9ff50d6c07cc5dd", "text": "Punyakoti Punyakoti is an upcoming Sanskrit language Indian animation film directed by Ravi Shankar V. Punyakoti is the first Sanskrit animated movie that is likely to be completed in 2017 . The movie is crowd funded and crowd sourced . It is an adaptation of a picture book for children written by Ravishankar V.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "576767220a7a7999fa05b01cd54cab43", "text": "Aloha (film) Aloha is a 2015 American romantic comedy-drama film written , produced and directed by Cameron Crowe . The film , starring Bradley Cooper , Emma Stone , Rachel McAdams , Bill Murray , John Krasinski , Danny McBride , and Alec Baldwin , was released on May 29 , 2015 . The film received negative reviews from critics , and has grossed only $ 26 million against a budget of $ 37 million , making the film a box office bomb .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5833d6e44c5474ba1ee796e31f93e186", "text": "Like for Likes Like for Likes ( Korean : 좋아해줘 ) is a 2016 South Korean romantic comedy film directed by Park Hyun-jin . It was released in South Korea on February 17 , 2016 by CJ Entertainment .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b9a79d47cc6d952d073a908b9e4716e", "text": "Shimajirō to Ōkina Ki is a 2015 Japanese children 's live action/anime film . It 's the third film to feature the character Shimajirō . The theme song of the film is `` Hana no Nioi '' by Chara . The first part of the film is in live action and the second is animated . The film was released on March 13 , 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47bcbd9e99219ecaf50c1d4c9ba121bd", "text": "July (EP) July is a three-song EP released by Katatonia in 2006 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08cdafffeb0a265e23b584be8e69d30b", "text": "Nezha (2017 film) Nezha ( Chinese : 大闹东海 ) is an upcoming Chinese fantasy comedy film directed and written by Jeffery Lau , based on the Chinese mythology of Nezha . It stars Leo Wu as the titular character . The film is slated for release in 2017 and will be available in 3D .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b10c9bcd676c7e74cfce41da3c523d08", "text": "List of animated feature films of 2017 A list of animated feature films that will be released in 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c7c76ebe2e5a1cdd894ed2e4f3c32dec", "text": "July 16", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8421f6ade7dccef42a508ba603d915cc", "text": "Barbie: Star Light Adventure Barbie : Star Light Adventure is a 2016 animated film and the second film in the fourth season of films in the Barbie film series . The movie was given a limited theatrical release in July 30 , 2016 and was released to home video in September 13 , 2016 . Mattel has released a toy line , a story book , and a comic , based on the film .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "15de4fea6d1defb9167a6e11108320bb", "text": "Cinema of India The cinema of India consists of films produced across India . Cinema as a medium has gained immense popularity in the country and as many as 1,600 films in various languages of India are produced annually . Indian films have also come to be followed throughout South Asia , the Greater Middle East , Southeast Asia and other countries . Dadasaheb Phalke is known as the `` father of Indian cinema '' . The Dadasaheb Phalke Award , for lifetime contribution to cinema , was instituted in his honour , by the Government of India in 1969 , and is the most prestigious and coveted award in Indian cinema . In the 20th century , Indian cinema , along with the Hollywood and Chinese film industries , became a global enterprise . As of 2013 , in terms of annual film output , India ranks first , followed by Nollywood , Hollywood and China . In 2012 , India produced 1,602 feature films . The Indian film industry reached overall revenues of $ 1.86 billion ( 93 billion ) in 2011 . This is projected to rise to $ 3 billion ( 200 billion ) in 2016 . In 2015 , India had a total box office gross of , the fourth largest in the world outside North America . Enhanced technology paved the way for upgrading from established cinematic norms of delivering product , altering the manner in which content reached the target audience . Biopics like Dangal and CGI-laden epics like Baahubali emerged as transnational blockbusters grossing over $ 200 million each in early 21st century . Indian cinema found markets in over 90 countries where films from India are screened . The Indian government extended film delegations to foreign countries such as the United States of America and Japan while the country 's Film Producers Guild sent similar missions through Europe . The provision of 100 % foreign direct investment has made the Indian film market attractive for foreign enterprises such as 20th Century Fox , Sony Pictures , Walt Disney Pictures and Warner Bros. . Indian enterprises such as AVM Productions , Prasad 's Group , Sun Pictures , PVP Cinemas , Zee , UTV , Suresh Productions , Eros Films , Ayngaran International , Pyramid Saimira , Aascar Films and Adlabs also participated in producing and distributing films . Tax incentives to multiplexes have aided the multiplex boom in India . By 2003 as many as 30 film production companies had been listed in the National Stock Exchange of India , making the commercial presence of the medium felt . The South Indian film industry defines the four film cultures of South India as a single entity . They are the Telugu , the Tamil , the Malayalam and the Kannada industries . Although developed independently over a long period , gross exchange of film performers and technicians as well as globalisation helped to shape this new identity . The Indian diaspora consists of millions of Indians overseas for which films are made available both through media such as DVDs and by screening of films in their country of residence wherever commercially feasible . These earnings , accounting for some 12 % of the revenue generated by a mainstream film , contribute substantially to the overall revenue of Indian cinema , the net worth of which was found to be 1.3 billion in 2000 . Music in Indian cinema is another substantial revenue generator with the music rights alone accounting for 4 -- 5 % of the net revenues generated by a film in India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f6a8ed95c7c945f1847d234b24a42da", "text": "Say \"I love you\" is a Japanese manga by Kanae Hazuki . An anime adaptation by Zexcs aired between October 6 and December 30 , 2012 . In North America , the manga is published by Kodansha Comics USA and the anime is licensed by Sentai Filmworks . A live action film was released on July 12 , 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18cb6ed0b2394f9019fdfca3a71c2041", "text": "Love Live! The School Idol Movie is a 2015 Japanese animated youth school music film . The film is part of the Love Live ! franchise by Sunrise , Lantis and Dengeki G 's Magazine , taking place after the second season of the 2013-2014 anime television series . The film was directed by Takahiko Kyōgoku , written by Jukki Hanada , produced by Sunrise , and distributed by Shochiku . The film was released in Japan on June 13 , 2015 and licensed in North America by NIS America . The film was the 9th highest-grossing Japanese film of the year in Japan with and was nominated for Animation of the Year at the 39th Japan Academy Prize .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "494d498b4f73126ce8f2130eae0fbb92", "text": "When Larry Met Mary When Larry Met Mary is a 2016 Chinese romantic comedy film directed by Wen Zhang . It was released in China on July 15 , 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3617d03bda01cfba81fd6a6887259348", "text": "Kawaii is the quality of cuteness in the context of Japanese culture . It has become a prominent aspect of Japanese popular culture , entertainment , clothing , food , toys , personal appearance , behavior , and mannerisms . The word kawaii originally derives from the phrase -LSB- : wikt : 顔映し , 顔映し -RSB- kao hayushi , which literally means '' ( one 's ) face ( is ) aglow , '' commonly used to refer to flushing or blushing of the face . The second morpheme is cognate with - bayu in mabayui ( 眩い or 目映い ) `` dazzling ; glaring , blinding , too bright '' ( ma - is from 目 me `` eye '' ) . Over time , the meaning changed into the modern meaning of `` cute '' , and the pronunciation changed to かわゆい kawayui and then to the modern かわいい kawaii . It is most commonly written in hiragana , かわいい , but the ateji , 可愛い , has also been appended . The kanji in the ateji literally translates to `` able to be loved , can/may love , lovable . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "126d5aac243a41a0892764ab04954c2a", "text": "Kōdai-ke no Hitobito (film) is an upcoming Japanese romantic comedy film directed by , written by and starring Haruka Ayase and Takumi Saito . The film is based on the manga series of the same name by . It is scheduled for release in Japan by Toho on June 4 , 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "625e5484c1db45e71150675bb551891e", "text": "Ordinary Person Ordinary Person is a 2017 South Korean film directed by Kim Bong-han , starring Son Hyun-joo and Jang Hyuk . It was released on 23 March 2017 . The film won critical acclaim and was screened at the 16th New York Asian Film Festival on 30 June 2017 , the 39th Moscow International Film Festival opening on 22 June , and the 31st Fukuoka Asian Film Festival opening on 6 July 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aeae9a32656b3843d5450e9a0bd392ad", "text": "I (film) I ( also known as Shankar 's I ) is a 2015 Indian Tamil-language romantic thriller film written and directed by Shankar and co-written by Subha . Produced and distributed by V. Ravichandran under his production company , Aascar Films , the film features Vikram and Amy Jackson in lead roles while Suresh Gopi , Upen Patel , Santhanam and Ramkumar Ganesan portray pivotal roles . The soundtrack and film score were composed by A. R. Rahman . Production design was handled by T. Muthuraj . P. C. Sreeram was the film 's cinematographer and editing was done by Anthony . The visual effects were designed by V. Srinivas Mohan through Rising Sun Pictures . Weta Workshop had worked on the digital and prosthetic make-up and background arts for the film . Principal photography commenced on 15 July 2012 . The filming lasted for two years and eight months , during which shooting was done extensively in China . Further schedules were filmed in locations in Chennai , Bangkok , Jodhpur , Kodaikanal , Pollachi , Bangalore and Mysore . The film was dubbed and released in Telugu and Hindi along with the Tamil version . The film , released on Pongal 2015 , tells the story of a body builder turned supermodel , played by Vikram , who after being deformed , exacts revenge upon those who were responsible for his predicament . Critics praised Vikram 's performance , the technical aspects of the film - especially the costume design and makeup , and A.R. Rahman 's soundtrack and score but criticised the ` wafer-thin ' writing and screenplay and the film 's excessive length ( 188 minutes ) . However , the film was a commercial success , grossing worldwide , becoming the fourth-highest grossing Tamil film and Vikram 's highest-grossing film at the time . Vikram won the Filmfare Award for Best Actor -- Tamil for the movie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cbbc5163b4f594f71ef0c972ecfe775d", "text": "Animation Block Party Animation Block Party is an annual animation film festival in New York City , usually held over three days in late July .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "189a42bb3598f6af1fa9c21937368792", "text": "Koizora (film) is a 2007 film based on a cell phone novel of the same name . The film is directed by Natsuki Imai and it stars Yui Aragaki and Haruma Miura . Koizora debuted at the Japanese box office on 3 November 2007 . It grossed a total of US$ 36,684,020 in both Japanese and international box offices .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0993717646d269c6262eb15d6c27e68f", "text": "Talk Talk Talk (film) is a 2007 Japanese youth romantic drama film directed by Hideyuki Hirayama .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "09bb6d64d0e433e3416dbeeed68f351e", "text": "Boston Boston ( pronounced -LSB- ˈbɒstən -RSB- ) is the capital and most populous city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States . Boston is also the seat of Suffolk County , although the county government was disbanded on July 1 , 1999 . The city proper covers 48 mi2 with an estimated population of 667,137 in 2015 , making it the largest city in New England and the 23rd most populous city in the United States . The city is the economic and cultural anchor of a substantially larger metropolitan area known as Greater Boston , a Metropolitan Statistical Area ( MSA ) home to a census-estimated 4.7 million people in 2014 and ranking as the tenth-largest such area in the country . Alternately , as a Combined Statistical Area ( CSA ) , this wider commuting region is home to some 8.1 million people , making it the sixth-largest as such in the United States . One of the oldest cities in the United States , Boston was founded on the Shawmut Peninsula in 1630 by Puritan settlers from England . It was the scene of several key events of the American Revolution , such as the Boston Massacre , the Boston Tea Party , the Battle of Bunker Hill , and the Siege of Boston . Upon U.S. independence from Great Britain , it continued to be an important port and manufacturing hub as well as a center for education and culture . Through land reclamation and municipal annexation , Boston has expanded beyond the original peninsula . Its rich history attracts many tourists , with Faneuil Hall alone drawing over 20 million visitors per year . Boston 's many firsts include the United States ' first public school , Boston Latin School ( 1635 ) , first subway system , the Tremont Street Subway ( 1897 ) , and first public park , Boston Common ( 1634 ) . The area 's many colleges and universities make Boston an international center of higher education , including law , medicine , engineering , and business , and the city is considered to be a world leader in innovation and entrepreneurship , with nearly 2,000 startups . Boston 's economic base also includes finance , professional and business services , biotechnology , information technology , and government activities . Households in the city claim the highest average rate of philanthropy in the United States ; businesses and institutions rank among the top in the country for environmental sustainability and investment . The city has one of the highest costs of living in the United States as it has undergone gentrification , though it remains high on world livability rankings .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "a9dce5c6226857aff9ac1308ca6f8b92", "text": "Suffolk University Law School Suffolk University Law School ( also known as `` Suffolk Law School '' ) . Suffolk University Law School is a private , non-sectarian law school located in downtown Boston , Massachusetts . Suffolk University Law School was founded in 1906 by Gleason Archer , Sr. to provide a legal education for those who traditionally lacked the opportunity to study law because of socio-economic or racial discrimination . Suffolk is the fourth-oldest New England law school in continuous existence . The law school currently has both day and evening , part-time divisions . Suffolk University Law School has been accredited by the American Bar Association since 1953 and the Association of American Law Schools since 1977 . The school is located in Sargent Hall on Tremont Street in downtown Boston . Suffolk offers over 200 upper-level electives , the most of any law school in the country , and is consistently ranked one of the most technologically advanced schools in the nation . Suffolk publishes six law reviews , to which students , faculty , and other scholars contribute . Suffolk University Law School alumni are found in high-level judicial , political , and private positions throughout the United States . With over 25,000 alumni , Suffolk is the fourth largest law school in the United States . According to Suffolk Law 's 2013 ABA-required disclosures , 36.9 % of the Class of 2013 obtained full-time , long-term , JD-required employment nine months after graduation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d293adf9c515215c8eab68ee0055947e", "text": "History of Springfield, Massachusetts The history of Springfield , Massachusetts ( est. 1636 ) springs in large part from its favorable geography , situated on a steep bluff overlooking the Connecticut River 's confluence with three tributaries . It was an ancient Indian crossroad for two major trade routes : Boston-to-Albany and New York City-to-Montreal . Springfield also sits on some of the northeastern United States ' most fertile soil . Springfield was founded in 1636 as Agawam , the northernmost settlement of the Connecticut Colony . The settlement defected from Connecticut after four years , however , later joining forces with the coastal Massachusetts Bay Colony . The town changed its name to Springfield , and changed the political boundaries among what later became New England States . Springfield flourished as a trading post and agricultural center until 1675 's King Philip 's War , when a coalition of Indians laid siege to Springfield and later burned it to the ground . Its prosperity waned for the next hundred years but , in 1777 , United States Revolutionary War leaders made it a National Armory to store weapons , and in 1795 it began manufacturing muskets . Until 1968 , the Armory made small arms . Its first American muskets ( 1794 ) were followed by the famous Springfield rifle and the revolutionary M1 Garand and M14s . The Springfield Armory attracted generations of skilled laborers to the city , making it the United States ' longtime center for precision manufacturing ( comparable to a Silicon Valley of the Industrial Revolution ) . The Armory 's near-capture during Shays Rebellion of 1787 was among the troubles that prompted the U.S. Constitutional Convention later that year . Innovations in the 19th and 20th centuries include the first American English dictionary ( 1805 , Noah Webster ) , the first use of interchangeable parts and the assembly line in manufacturing ( 1819 , Thomas Blanchard ) , the first American horseless car ( 1825 , again Thomas Blanchard ) , vulcanized rubber ( 1844 , Charles Goodyear ) , the first American gasoline-powered car ( 1893 , Duryea Brothers ) , the first American motorcycle company ( 1901 , `` Indian '' ) , an early commercial radio station ( 1921 , WBZ , and most famously , the world 's third-most-popular sport of basketball ( 1891 , Dr. James Naismith ) . Throughout the latter half of the 20th century , Springfield endured a protracted decline , accelerated by the decommission of the Springfield Armory in 1969 . Springfield became increasingly like the declining , second tier Northeastern U.S. cities from which it had long been set apart . During the 1980s and 1990s , Springfield developed a new reputation for crime , political corruption , and cronyism . Seeking to overcome its downgrade , the city undertook several large ( but unfinished ) projects , including a $ 1 billion high-speed rail ( New Haven-Hartford-Springfield high-speed rail ) , a proposed $ 1 billion MGM Casino , and others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c84714dd58d4d82edba408e692344c53", "text": "Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine The Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine is the dental school at Boston University . Its curriculum is noted for the Applied Professional Experience ( APEX ) Program , which gives students practical experience at a dental practice as part of clinical training . GSDM is also noted for its student and faculty research and is ranked highly in the nation . The School has about 800 students in predoctoral and postdoctoral programs . The School can trace its origins to 1958 when the Boston University Medical School started a Department of Stomatology to provide postdoctoral education in dentistry . At that time , the institution was the only one in the country devoted solely to specialty education in dentistry . In 1963 , it became Boston University School of Graduate Dentistry under the leadership of Dean Henry M. Goldman . In 1970 , the School moved to 100 East Newton Street . In 1972 , the School included a predoctoral program leading to a DMD degree . In 1996 , the School had outgrown its designation as a school of graduate dentistry and , accordingly , was renamed the `` Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine '' to better reflect the scope of the School 's education , research , patient care , and community missions . In 2008 , Dr. Jeffrey W. Hutter was named Dean of Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine . Under his leadership , the School has embarked on an Applied Strategic Planning Process , which will transform the School into the premier academic dental institution promoting excellence in dental education , research , oral health care , and community service to improve the overall health of the global population .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cab9bac9af264dc4589bb1f154d7b4e1", "text": "Boston University School of Law Boston University School of Law ( BU Law ) is a nationally recognized law school located in the heart of Boston University 's campus on Commonwealth Avenue in Boston , Massachusetts . Consistently ranked among the top American law schools , `` U.S. News and World Report '' currently ranks it 23rd in the country . Three specialties are in the top 10 , including Health Law ( # 2 ) , Tax Law ( # 7 ) , and Intellectual Property Law ( # 9 ) . Princeton Review ranks it 1st place nationally in `` Best Professors '' and 8th place for `` Best Classroom Experience . '' For the class of 2018 , the median student LSAT score was 164 and median GPA was 3.68 . BU was one of the first law schools in the country to admit students regardless of race or gender , the second-oldest law school in Massachusetts , and a charter member of the American Bar Association . Nearly 700 students are enrolled in the full-time J.D. degree program and about 350 in the School 's five LLM degree programs . The School offers more than 200 classes and seminars , 21 study abroad opportunities , and 17 dual degree programs . Students learn critical legal theory and doctrine in classes that average a 10.6:1 student/faculty ratio , while developing professional lawyering skills in the School 's 1L Lawyering Lab , civil and criminal law clinics , national and international externships , pro bono placements , and transactional law program . BU also pioneered a clinic to represent victims of human trafficking in Boston .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "62b2802d7835ba0a7eb0c7d20836aadb", "text": "Academia Británica Cuscatleca The Academia Británica Cuscatleca ( ABC ) is a mixed bi-lingual bi-cultural school from Pre-Kinder to Grade 12 situated in Santa Tecla , El Salvador . The school has approximately 1,500 students in the Primary and Secondary Schools . The student body is mainly Central American with an increasing number of other international students . The language of instruction throughout the school is English with Spanish being used for a small number of classes . The school is accredited by the Council of International Schools , is an International Baccalaureate Diploma school , follows the International Primary Curriculum and a full International General Certificate of Secondary Education programme ( IGCSE ) . The United Kingdom Department for Education number of the school is 7036495 . The ABC is the school of the Fundación Escolar Británico Salvadoreña , a non-profit foundation established in 1970 to provide a British/Salvadoran international style education . The school is values based seeking to develop `` responsible outstanding citizens '' who will make a difference in the world . The school recently received the Values-based education Quality Mark following a visit by Dr. Neil Hawkes . The school actively promotes its agreed shared values through all aspect of school life . The school 's motto is ` effort leads to success ' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3936f19984e67ccb30a1aab7aabd0b38", "text": "W. Dean Eastman W. Dean Eastman is a nationally recognized educator and writer who was born in Lawrence , Massachusetts on February 22 , 1948 , the son of Weston D. and Harriet Eastman . Eastman attended the Andover , MA Public Schools and , while a student at Andover High School , was a member of the Latin Club , a library assistant , won third place in the science fair , and won 8 athletic letters in football , indoor track , and outdoor track . In his senior year , Andover High won the Massachusetts All-Class Track and Field Championship . Eastman placed in the 200-meter dash and was a member of the 800-meter relay team that placed second . His classmates at Andover High included Tonight Show host Jay Leno and Emmy-Award winning soap opera writer Lorraine Broderick . Eastman attended Drake University from 1966-1970 . He was a member of the Bulldog Track team as a freshman . Eastman graduated from Drake in 1970 with a BSE in Social Science . Eastman received an MSE and Certificate of Advanced Graduate Study at Springfield College ( 1976 , 1977 ) . In 2000 he received an ALM degree with a concentration in Government from Harvard University . His thesis topic was `` The Influence of Immigration on the Development of Civic Education in the United States from 1880-1925 '' . Eastman is a recipient of Harvard University 's Derek Bok Prize for Public Service . He is an elected fellow at both the Massachusetts Historical Society and Colonial Society of Massachusetts , and served an eight-year term as one of eight members of Adams Family Papers Administration Committee from 2005-2013 . He also served on the boards of the Public Broadcasting System ( PBS ) , the National Teacher Source Advisory Group from 2004-2005 , and the Massachusetts Civil Liberties Union Education Steering Committee from 1990-2010 . Eastman has been selected for Who 's Who in the World and Who 's Who in America in every year from 2000-2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65392032384368ed2bc2b074dbcadeb4", "text": "Sports in Boston Boston , the capital city of the U.S. state of Massachusetts and largest city in the New England region of the northeastern United States , is home to several major league sports teams , including the Red Sox ( baseball ) , the Celtics ( basketball ) and the Bruins ( ice hockey ) . The New England Patriots ( American football ) and the New England Revolution ( soccer ) play at Gillette Stadium in nearby Foxborough , Massachusetts . Several Boston-area colleges and universities are also active in college athletics . Sports are a major part of the city 's culture ( as well as the culture of the Greater Boston area ) . Boston sports fans are known for their fanatical devotion to the Red Sox and knowledge of the team 's history . Fenway Park , home of the Red Sox , is the oldest ballpark in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) and holds a legendary status among baseball fans . Boston is the only city in professional sports in which all facilities are privately owned and operated . The Patriots own Gillette Stadium , the Red Sox own Fenway Park , and TD Garden is owned by Delaware North , owner of the Bruins . The Celtics rent TD Garden from Delaware North . In the 2000s , Boston 's professional teams had arguably the most successful decade in sports history , winning ten championships ( five by the Patriots , three by the Red Sox and one each by the Celtics and Bruins ) . When the Bruins won the 2011 Stanley Cup Finals , the city of Boston became the first city in the 21st century to have all four of its major professional league teams win a league championship , and it is the only city ever to have championships in all four major professional leagues within a ten-year span ( from the Patriots ' victory in February 2002 to the Bruins ' in June 2011 ) . In just ten years , between February 2002 and June 2011 , Boston 's teams completed what Sports Illustrated dubbed as the `` Grand Slam of North American sports . '' With the Patriots ' victory over the Seattle Seahawks in Super Bowl XLIX , the four major Boston-area sports teams completed a grand-slam in six years ( the 2008 Celtics , the 2011 Bruins , the 2013 Red Sox and the 2014 Patriots ) . Beyond that , several of the teams were league finalists : the Revolution four times , the Patriots twice and the Bruins and Celtics once apiece . With the Bruins reaching the 2011 Stanley Cup Finals , this allowed Boston to join Philadelphia as being the only cities to have had all of their teams play in each of the four major North American professional sports leagues ' title rounds since 2000 , following the Patriots in Super Bowls XXXVI in 2002 , XXXVIII in 2004 , XXXIX in 2005 , XLII in 2008 , XLVI in 2012 , XLIX in 2015 , and LI in 2017 and winning all of them , except Super Bowl XLII and XLVI , the Red Sox winning World Series titles in ( ending the Curse of the Bambino ) , , and , and the Celtics in the NBA Finals in and and winning in 2008 . In addition , Boston beat out Philadelphia for playing in all of the `` big '' league championship rounds in the shortest time in the new millennium , as it took 9 years for Philadelphia to achieve this feat ; Boston needed only three years and eight months . From 2004 to 2015 , all four Boston major league teams have each reached the championship rounds two times or more .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c71ebf03ffac4ca7024ed2b37e22aad9", "text": "Boston Lyceum (disambiguation) Boston Lyceum may refer to : in Boston , Massachusetts Boston Lyceum for the Education of Young Ladies ( est. 1811 ) , school overseen by John Park Boston Lyceum periodical , ca. 1827 Boston Lyceum ( est. 1829 ) , civic association for popular education , lectures , debates , etc. . Boston Lyceum , a theatre on Sudbury Street , -LSB- ca.1848-1851 ? -RSB- Boston Lyceum Bureau ( est. 1868 ) , commercial booking agency for lecturers and performers Lyceum Theatre , Washington Street , -LSB- ca.1890s-1900s ? -RSB- Boston Lyceum School , -LSB- ca.1910s-1930s ? -RSB- Category : Disambiguation pages", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7d8ba2bd625a033d72734f00a4531c48", "text": "Business English Business English is a part of English for specific purposes and can be considered a specialism within English language learning and teaching . Many non-native English speakers study the subject with the goal of doing business with English-speaking countries , or with companies located outside the English-speaking world but which nonetheless use English as a shared language or lingua franca . Much of the English communication that takes place within business circles all over the world occurs between non-native speakers . In cases such as these , the object of the exercise is efficient and effective communication . The strict rules of grammar are in such cases sometimes ignored , when , for example , a stressed negotiator 's only goal is to reach an agreement as quickly as possible . ( See linguist Braj Kachru 's theory of the `` expanding circle '' . ) Business English means different things to different people . For some , it focuses on vocabulary and topics used in the worlds of business , trade , finance , and international relations . For others it refers to the communication skills used in the workplace , and focuses on the language and skills needed for typical business communication such as presentations , negotiations , meetings , small talk , socializing , correspondence , report writing , and a systematic approach . In both of these cases it can be taught to native speakers of English , for example , high school students preparing to enter the job market . Business English is a variant of international English . One can study it at a college or university . Institutes around the world have courses or modules in BE available , which can lead to a degree in the subject .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "34794fadc1c7c3d2d80a6e1184bcd9aa", "text": "Bangkok School of Management Bangkok School of Management ( BSM ) is an educational institution in Thailand , established in 1998 , which offers courses in business and management . It is located on the 16th floor of the Amarin Plaza in the Ratchaprasong area of Bangkok . The school operated initially as an American Degree programme provider in partnership with Southern New Hampshire University , USA . Due to natural evolution and academic demand , the institution had gradually evolved to be focusing more on UK and European curriculum based education , and to fill a void within this academic space . As of current , BSM is the Official Learning Support Centre for Northumbria University , Newcastle UK , for the undergraduate programme , and IPE Management School Paris for the post graduate Master of Business Administration ( MBA programme ) . Student and faculty profile Approximately 80 % of the students and 70 % of the faculty members come from an international background , positioning BSM as one of the only educational institutions in the region with an international approach to education . The students and staff come from a range of different countries , representing the continents of Europe , Asia , Australasia . All of the classes at BSM are conducted in English . Undergraduate programme BSM offers a `` 2 +1 '' undergraduate programme , providing students the possibility of completing their first two years of undergraduate study in Bangkok , and the final year of their bachelor 's degree either in Thailand itself , or directly in the UK at Northumbria University 's main campus in Newcastle . There are two bachelor 's degree programmes offered to students through this pathway : 1 ) BA ( Hons ) Leadership and Management 2 ) BSc ( Hons ) Business and Management Post Graduate programme As the Official Support Centre for IPE Management School , BSM launched the only internationally accredited European MBA programme in Thailand , in July 2015 . This is a blended learning system , giving the students the option to attend two classes per module , complimented by private online study . There are a total of 8 modules to be completed + 1 dissertation ( study period of between 12 -- 18 months ) . Upon graduation , students will receive a MBA degree from IPE Management School of Paris , a `` Grande Ecole '' within the Reseau des Grandes Ecoles Specialisees ( GES ) , a level 1 accreditation in France . BSM Tutor BSM provides university preparedness tutorials , focused on areas such as business and academic English ( IELTS , TOEFL , TOIEC ) , mathematics , and general one on hour tutorial support which can be customized to the needs of the student . Training Apart from the academic and student support programmes provided , BSM also offers training in the area of corporate development and personal development , with over 1000 people trained from a variety of different companies and fields within the ASEAN region .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9a6dbf9fa7f29b4b36747b709e32b482", "text": "Boston (disambiguation) Boston is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Massachusetts . Boston may also refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9982c220db860073f55f36cee76e93e0", "text": "National Center on Time & Learning The National Center on Time & Learning ( NCTL ) is a Boston-based non-profit dedicated to expanded learning time to improve student achievement and enable a well-rounded education . Through research , public policy , and technical assistance , NCTL supports national , state , and local initiatives that add significantly more school time for academic and enrichment opportunities to help all children meet the demands of the 21st century .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b694867b91e98182cab801cba7d9d149", "text": "Buenos Aires International Christian Academy Buenos Aires International Christian Academy , abbreviated `` BAICA '' , is a pre-K through Grade 12 International school in San Fernando , Buenos Aires Province , in Greater Buenos Aires . BAICA is a member of the Association of Christian Schools International ( ACSI ) , and the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools ( SACS ) . There are more than 20 nationalities represented within the student body whose families represent the diplomatic , missionary , international business and local communities . BAICA provides a Christian education and offers small class sizes . It is open to children of any faith . The curriculum is based on an international system of education . In addition to the core subjects of Math , English , Social Studies and Science , courses in Spanish , Bible , Fine Arts , Computer Studies and Physical Education are part of the curriculum . BAICA also offers Advanced Placement ( AP ) classes , and Honors classes . Most of the classes are taught in English by certified American teachers . Students also take part in extracurricular activities such as violin , guitar , singing , drama , musicals , journalism , outreach teams and service clubs . Students of BAICA graduate with dual degrees : U.S. and Argentine . The academic goal of BAICA is that graduates will be prepared to enter U.S. or other western Universities and Colleges . The daily schedule is from 8:30 am to 4:00 pm and the school year is divided in two semesters : August to December and February to June . It is unusual in comparison with Argentine schools because BAICA 's school year starts in August , in keeping with a more US or international based calendar , whereas the Argentine school year begins in February .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d0d798ac3f6409c61737600fa62ba8e6", "text": "New England School of Law New England Law | Boston ( also known as NESL or New England Law and formerly known as the New England School of Law ) is a private law school located in the Boston Theater District of Boston , Massachusetts . It was founded in 1908 as a law school for women . According to NESL 's 2013 ABA-required disclosures , 40.6 % of the Class of 2013 obtained full-time , long-term , JD-required employment nine months after graduation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c41f8429b1a672181c3367e5e1cc265e", "text": "Higher education in the United States Higher education in the United States is an optional final stage of formal learning following secondary education . Higher education , also referred to as post-secondary education , third stage , third level , or tertiary education occurs most commonly at one of the 4,726 Title IV degree-granting institutions , either colleges or universities in the country . These may be public universities , private universities , liberal arts colleges , community colleges , or for-profit colleges . High visibility issues include greater use of the Internet , such as massive open online courses , competency-based education , cutbacks in state spending , rapidly rising tuition and increasing student loans . According to the National Student Clearinghouse , US college enrollment has declined for five consecutive years and is projected to continue declining for the next two decades . Strong research and funding have helped make American colleges and universities among the world 's most prestigious , making them particularly attractive to international students , professors and researchers in the pursuit of academic excellence . Unlike the tertiary education system of the UK and Australia , American education is unique in the world to place strong emphasis on Liberal Arts education in its higher education curriculum .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "844709134a93cc12a251c3cc4b169300", "text": "Harvard Department of Social Relations The Department of Social Relations for Interdisciplinary Social Science Studies , more commonly known as the `` Department of Social Relations '' was an interdisciplinary collaboration among three of the social science departments at Harvard University ( anthropology , psychology , and sociology ) beginning in 1946 . Originally , the program was headquartered in Emerson Hall at Harvard before moving to William James Hall in 1965 . While the name `` Social Relations '' is often associated with the program 's long-time chair and guiding spirit , sociologist Talcott Parsons , many major figures of mid-20th-century social science also numbered among the program 's faculty , including psychologists Gordon Allport ( personality and motivation ) , Jerome Bruner ( cognitive psychology and narrative analysis ) , Roger Brown ( social psychology and psycholinguistics ) , and Henry Murray ( personality ) ; anthropologists Clyde and Florence Kluckhohn ( value orientations ) , John and Beatrice Whiting ( cross-cultural child development ) , Evon Z. Vogt ( comparative religion ) ; and sociologist Alex Inkeles ( Soviet studies and national character ) . Many of its graduate students also went on to be major figures in U.S. social sciences during the latter part of the twentieth century ; their work tends towards strong interdisciplinary and cross-disciplinary approaches . Allport and Boring discussed the origins of the department 's name in the April 1946 issue of the American Psychologist : While -LSB- academic -RSB- departmental lines have remained rigid , there has been developing during the last decade , a synthesis of socio-cultural and psychological sciences which is widely recognized within the academic world in spite of the fact that there is no commonly accepted name to designate the synthesis . We propose that Harvard adopt , and thus help establish , the term Social Relations to characterize the emerging discipline which deals not only with the body of fact and theory traditionally recognized as the subject matter of sociology , but also with that portion of psychological science that treats the individual within the social system , and that portion of anthropological science that is particularly relevant to the social and cultural patterns of literate societies . Social Relations sponsored or collaborated in a number of research studies characterized by explicit cross-cultural comparisons and multidisciplinary approaches to problems of policy or social theory . Major projects included the Six Cultures Study ( headed by John and Beatrice Whiting , an anthropological study of child development in six different cultures , including a New England Baptist community ; a Philippine barrio ; an Okinawan village ; an Indian village in Mexico ; a northern Indian caste group ; and a rural tribal group in Kenya ) ; a multidisciplinary analysis of Soviet culture and society , published in part as How the Soviet System Works ; and the Comparative Study of Values in Five Cultures during the 1950s , which examined five very different communities living in the same region of Texas : Zuni , Navajo , Mormon ( LDS ) , Spanish-American ( Mexican-American ) , and Texas Homesteaders . The curriculum of the Harvard Social Relations had four inter-related components : Sociology ; Social Psychology ; Social Anthropology ; and Personality Theory . The program disaggregated into its component departments around 1972 , though a certain interdisciplinarity remained throughout the 1970s . A similar program at Yale , the Institute for Human Relations , also now disbanded , developed the Human Relations Area Files ( HRAF ) , a cross-cultural database for comparative research , administered by Carol and Melvin Ember .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "463112a6f1e78cfea67635628f0c0991", "text": "Faneuil Hall Faneuil Hall ( -LSB- ˈfænjəl -RSB- or -LSB- ˈfænəl -RSB- previously -LSB- ˈfʌnəl -RSB- ) , located near the waterfront and today 's Government Center , in Boston , Massachusetts , has been a marketplace and a meeting hall since 1743 . It was the site of several speeches by Samuel Adams , James Otis , and others encouraging independence from Great Britain . Now it is part of Boston National Historical Park and a well-known stop on the Freedom Trail . It is sometimes referred to as `` the Cradle of Liberty '' . In 2008 , Faneuil Hall was rated number 4 in America 's 25 Most Visited Tourist Sites by Forbes Traveler .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa08818a6d23e57ac86b469a4bd9017c", "text": "List of diplomatic missions in Boston This is a list of diplomatic missions in Boston ( and surrounding environs of `` Greater '' or `` Metro-Boston '' ) . These countries have established a resident consular presence to provide diplomatic and trade representation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a97a38553f59ec852089e898f524cea", "text": "International House World Organisation International House World Organisation is a worldwide network of 160 language schools and teacher training institutes in 56 countries . International House was founded in 1953 by John Haycraft and his wife Brita Haycraft in Cordoba ( Spain ) , to provide an innovative approach to language teaching . At that time formal programmes of training for teachers of English as a Foreign Language were almost non-existent . John Haycraft was the first to introduce formalised teacher training in 1962 , and the course International House developed in the 1960s and 1970s became first the Royal Society of Arts Certificate in teaching English , and then the current CELTA training course organised by Cambridge ESOL . Teaching at International House schools broadly follows what is often called the `` communicative method '' , which focuses on student to student interaction as opposed to the teacher-centred approach of traditional language teaching . However , since the mid-nineties , this has been augmented into what is called ` principled eclecticism ' to incorporate lexical , task-based and generally more ` function-based ' approaches to language learning and teaching .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "776c29608ba2787bb7a952eb7b5f5c59", "text": "German Scholars Boston German Scholars Boston , also known as German Scholars Agency , and abbreviated as GSA or GSB , is an independent organization of more than 12,000 German-speaking scholars , alumni and professionals living and working in Cambridge or the greater Boston area interested in Germanic culture . It comprises scientists , scholars , students , fellows , post-docs and alumni from all major universities in the area , such as Harvard University , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Boston University and Tufts University , as well as professionals from different companies , and people from government - and non-governmental organizations . It has more than 6000 alumni . GSB provides a forum for its members to meet , discuss , exchange ideas and vital information . GSB invites to specific cultural and social events to get together on a regular basis .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "f8ce080b997c39f119f32ae02a2cdd71", "text": "Didier Drogba Didier Yves Drogba Tébily ( -LSB- didje dʁɔɡba -RSB- ; born 11 March 1978 ) is an Ivorian professional footballer who plays as a striker for American club Phoenix Rising FC . He is the all-time top scorer and former captain of the Ivory Coast national team . He is best known for his career at Chelsea , for whom he has scored more goals than any other foreign player and is currently the club 's fourth highest goal scorer of all time . He has been named African Footballer of the Year twice , winning the accolade in 2006 and 2009 . After playing in youth teams , Drogba made his professional debut aged 18 for Ligue 2 club Le Mans , and signed his first professional contract aged 21 . After finishing the 2002 -- 03 season with 17 goals in 34 appearances for Ligue 1 side Guingamp , he moved to Olympique de Marseille , where he finished as the third highest scorer in the 2003 -- 04 season with 19 goals and helped the club reach the 2004 UEFA Cup Final . In the summer of 2004 , Drogba moved to Premier League club Chelsea for a club record # 24 million fee , making him the most expensive Ivorian player in history . In his debut season he helped the club win their first league title in 50 years , and a year later he won another Premier League title . In March 2012 , he became the first African player to score 100 Premier League goals , and also became the only player in history to score in four separate FA Cup finals the same year , when he scored in Chelsea 's win over Liverpool in the 2012 final . He also played in the 2012 UEFA Champions League Final , in which he scored an 88th-minute equaliser and the winning penalty in the deciding shoot-out against Bayern Munich . After spending 6 months with Shanghai Shenhua in China , and one and a half seasons with Turkish club Galatasaray where he scored the winning goal in the final of the 2013 Turkish Super Cup , Drogba returned to Chelsea in July 2014 . With a career record of scoring 10 goals in 10 finals winning 10 trophies at club level , Drogba has been referred to as the `` ultimate big game player . '' An Ivory Coast international between 2002 and 2014 , Drogba captained the national team from 2006 until his retirement from the Ivory Coast team and is the nation 's all-time top goalscorer with 65 goals from 104 appearances . He led the Ivory Coast to the 2006 FIFA World Cup , their first appearance in the tournament , and also scored their first goal . He later captained the Ivory Coast at the 2010 and 2014 FIFA World Cups . He was part of the Ivory Coast teams that reached the final of the Africa Cup of Nations in 2006 and 2012 , but were beaten on penalties on both occasions . On 8 August 2014 , he announced his retirement from international football .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "6c1d80054beddbf64e60a73e560cbdc1", "text": "Aviron Bayonnais FC Aviron Bayonnais Football Club ( -LSB- a.vi.ʁɔ̃ ba.jɔ.nɛ -RSB- ; commonly referred to as simply Bayonne ) is a French association football club based in Bayonne . The club is a part of a sports club that was formed in 1904 that is also known for its rugby union club . The football club was founded in 1935 and currently play in the Championnat de France Amateur 2 , the fifth level of French football . Bayonne plays its home matches at the Stade Didier Deschamps located in the city . It is named after Bayonne native , former youth player and the 1998 FIFA World Cup and UEFA Euro 2000 winning captain Didier Deschamps , who also played for Marseille and Juventus .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fbed99f6a8bb9d2d8e4f0d83b8eee0ba", "text": "Didier Bassamagne Moundoubou Didier Bassamagne Moundobou ( born June 1 , 1992 in Yaoundé ) is a Cameroonian football player . He currently plays for ES Sétif in the Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 1 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e2a7c46116f7431c323dc993c740bb1", "text": "France Football European Team of the Year The France Football European Team of the Year ( offic . fr . Challenge Européen de Football ) , also known as European Challenge Interclubs , was an association football award conferred by French sports magazine France Football with the sponsorship of German multinational corporation Adidas , and was held in Europe for the first time in 1968 based in clubs ' performance in seasonal association and UEFA competitions . The award was officially discontinued following the Adidas decision of not renewing its commercial contract with the French publication after it awarded the 1990 winner teams in a gala held in Paris , in January 1991 . Subsequently , the Germany 's designs and manufacturers corporation became the main sponsor of the FIFA World Player of the Year Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd527472be67eb0bff9f9693e9813fae", "text": "Mathieu Valbuena Mathieu Valbuena ( -LSB- ma.tjø val.bwe.na -RSB- ; born 28 September 1984 ) is a French international footballer who plays for Ligue 1 club Lyon and the France national team . He plays as an attacking midfielder and a winger and is known for his pace , technical ability , and tenacious style of play . He is described by his former coach at Libourne Saint-Seurin Didier Tholot as `` an explosive player who is capable of quickly taking two opponents out of the game to create space , above all due to his dribbling skills . '' Due to his small stature , Valbuena is nicknamed le petit vélo , which translates to `` the small bike '' . This is a play on Valbuena 's size and the fact that Marseille 's home ground is called the Stade Vélodrome . Valbuena began his career at professional club Bordeaux . He was let go from the club after two seasons and subsequently joined amateur club Langon-Castets in the fifth division of French football . In 2004 , Valbuena joined Libourne Saint-Seurin in the Championnat National , the third level of French football . The midfielder had a good 2005 -- 06 season with the club and signed with Ligue 1 club Marseille , prior to the 2006 -- 07 season . With Marseille , Valbuena played in the UEFA Champions League for the first time and , in the 2009 -- 10 season , was part of the team that won the league and league cup double , as well as the Trophée des champions . Valbuena is a French international and made his debut with the team in May 2010 in a friendly match against Costa Rica . He scored his first international goal in the same match and was named to the team to participate in the 2010 FIFA World Cup as a result . Valbuena appeared in only one of the three matches France contested at the World Cup . In November 2010 , he scored his second career international goal against England at Wembley Stadium .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "403999b9fec0304054e259f69d38a731", "text": "Hong Kong national football team The Hong Kong national football team , represents Hong Kong in international association football competitions such as the FIFA World Cup , AFC Asian Cup and East Asian Football Championship . The team is represented and supervised by the Hong Kong Football Association , the governing body for football in Hong Kong . Although usually known as simply Hong Kong , the EAFF refer to the team as Hong Kong , China . The team had been representing Hong Kong in international football events before 1997 when Hong Kong was a colony of the United Kingdom . It continues to represent Hong Kong even after Hong Kong was handed over to the People 's Republic of China by the United Kingdom and became a special administrative region of the People 's Republic of China in 1997 . This team is a separate team from the national team of the People 's Republic of China , as the Basic Law and the principle of `` One country , two systems '' allows Hong Kong to maintain its own representative teams in international sports competitions . In Hong Kong , the Hong Kong football team is colloquially referred as the `` Hong Kong team '' ( Chinese : 香港隊 ) , while the Chinese national team is referred as the `` national team '' ( Chinese : 國家隊 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d232f392c0fe37d31573f396226b6de9", "text": "UEFA Euro 2016 The 2016 UEFA European Championship , commonly referred to as UEFA Euro 2016 or simply Euro 2016 , was the 15th UEFA European Championship , the quadrennial international men 's football championship of Europe organised by UEFA . It was held in France from 10 June to 10 July 2016 . Spain were the two-time defending champions , having won the 2008 and 2012 tournaments , but were eliminated in the round of 16 by Italy . Portugal won the tournament for the first time , following a 1 -- 0 victory after extra time over the host team , France , in the final played at the Stade de France . For the first time , the European Championship final tournament was contested by 24 teams , having been expanded from the 16-team format used since 1996 . Under the new format , the finalists contested a group stage consisting of six groups of four teams , followed by a knockout phase including three rounds and the final . Nineteen teams -- the top two from each of the nine qualifying groups and the best third-placed team -- joined France in the final tournament , who qualified automatically as hosts ; a series of two-legged play-off ties between the remaining third-placed teams in November 2015 decided the last four finalist spots . France was chosen as the host nation on 28 May 2010 , after a bidding process in which they beat Italy and Turkey for the right to host the 2016 finals . The matches were played in ten stadiums in ten cities : Bordeaux , Lens , Lille Métropole , Décines-Charpieu , Marseille , Nice , Paris , Saint-Denis , Saint-Étienne , and Toulouse . It was the third time that France hosted the finals , after the inaugural tournament in 1960 and the 1984 finals . As the winners , Portugal earned the right to compete at the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup in Russia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b10d49e4f357effacdacadafce330f5", "text": "History of FC Barcelona The history of Futbol Club Barcelona goes from the football club 's founding in 1899 and up to current time . FC Barcelona , also known simply as Barcelona and familiarly as Barça , is based in Barcelona , Catalonia , Spain . The team was founded in 1899 by a group of Swiss , English and Spanish footballers led by Joan Gamper . The club played amateur football until 1910 in various regional competitions . In 1910 , the club participated in their first of many European competitions , and has since amassed ten UEFA trophies and a sextuple . In 1928 , Barcelona co-founded La Liga , the top-tier in Spanish football , along with a string of other clubs . As of 2016 , Barcelona has never been relegated from La Liga , a record they share with Athletic Bilbao and arch-rival Real Madrid . The history of super Barcelona has often been political . Though it is a club created and run by foreigners , Barcelona gradually became a club associated with Catalan values . In Spain 's transition to autocracy in 1925 , Catalonia became increasingly hostile towards the central government in Madrid . The hostility enhanced Barcelona 's image as a focal point for Catalonism , and when Francisco Franco banned the use of the Catalan language , the stadium of Barcelona became one of the few places the people could express their dissatisfaction . The Spanish transition to democracy in 1978 has not dampened the club 's image of Catalan pride . In the 2000s -- a period of sporting success in the club and an increased focus on Catalan players -- club officials have openly called for Catalonia to become an independent state .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3701e78b3deb17dc8db04710b919349d", "text": "FLN football team The FLN football team ( in -LSB- Media : Ar-FLN soccer team.oga , فريق جبهة التحرير الوطني لكرة القدم -RSB- , in Équipe du FLN de football ) , also known as Le onze de l'indépendance ( The eleven of the Independence ) was a team made up mainly of professional players in France , who then joined the Algerian independence movement of the National Liberation Front ( FLN ) , and assisted in organizing football matches against national football teams .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a1301a4e56215779e5ba2099c9c7992", "text": "Arhiba FC Arhiba FC , or simply Arhiba , is a Djiboutian football club located in Arhiba , Djibouti . It currently plays in the Djibouti Premier League .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "982d6001f1527828a22d2f7c406a0734", "text": "Fla–Flu Fla -- Flu ( truncation of Flamengo-Fluminense ) is an association football match between cross-town rivals Flamengo and Fluminense . Matches take place in the 78,000-seat Maracanã Stadium , located near downtown Rio de Janeiro , in the city 's Maracanã district . The world record football match attendance between clubs is a Fla 0-0 Flu with 194,603 ( 177,656 paid ) in 1963 . The moniker Fla -- Flu was coined by the journalist Mário Filho during the professionalization of Rio de Janeiro 's football . Flamengo is the most successful team in Rio State Championship by one championship . Flamengo has won it 33 times while Fluminense has won 31 . Flamengo has won 6 Brazilian National Championships , as defined by the CBF , the 1987 Copa União ( an independent league organised by the Club of 13 ) and 3 Brazilian Cups . Fluminense has won 4 Brazilian National Championships and 1 Brazilian Cup . Fluminense has won the Copa Rio , which it claims to be equivalent to an intercontinental club tournament . Flamengo has won one Libertadores Cup and one Intercontinental Cup , both in 1981 . Fluminense is the only team in the world that holds the IOC 's Olympic Cup ( `` Coupe Olympique '' or `` Taça Olímpica '' ) , a non-competitive award for distinguished service in upholding the ideals of the Olympic Movement and to recognise the particular merits of institutions or associations and their services rendered to sport , conquered in 1949 . The rivalry between these two clubs began in October 1911 , when a group of dissatisfied players from Fluminense left the club , and went to Flamengo , which at the time had no football department . The first Fla -- Flu ever was played the following year , on July 7 , 1912 at Laranjeiras stadium . Fluminense won this match 3-2 , with 800 people in attendance . The Fla -- Flu matches are mentioned in Lamartine Babo 's unofficial , but very popular , Flamengo anthem composed in 1942 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e979806df9a9af0cb1108f488955f9d", "text": "Football in Ivory Coast Football is a popular sport in Côte d'Ivoire . The national team won the Africa Cup of Nations in Senegal in 1992 . In 2006 they participated in the 2006 World Cup in Germany . The youth national teams have also done well in world championships , and the clubs from Côte d'Ivoire have won several continental titles . Among famous players from the country are Kolo Touré of Liverpool , Chelsea striker and former national team captain , Didier Drogba , Wilfried Bony and Yaya Touré of Manchester City , Gervinho and Seydou Doumbia of Roma , and Salomon Kalou of Hertha Berlin . The Ivory Coast national team won a second African cup of nations in 2015 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47cf7fc8338ef801c524c327890eafe0", "text": "Didier Ibrahim Ndong Didier Ibrahim Ndong ( born 17 June 1994 ) is a Gabonese footballer , who plays as a midfielder for Premier League club Sunderland and the Gabonese national team .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d75627b57504a2ff81be009d0a1c37c1", "text": "FC Nantes Football Club de Nantes ( , Gallo : Naunnt ) , commonly referred to as FC Nantes or simply Nantes ( -LSB- nɑ̃t -RSB- ) , is a French association football club based in Nantes , Pays de la Loire . The club was founded on 21 April 1943 , during World War II , as a result of local clubs based in the city coming together to form one large club . From 1992 to 2007 , the club was referred to as FC Nantes Atlantique before reverting to its current name at the start of the 2007 -- 08 season . Nantes currently play in Ligue 1 , the first division of French football . The first-team is currently managed by Sérgio Conceição and captained by goalkeeper Rémy Riou . Nantes is one of the most successful clubs in French football , having won eight Ligue 1 titles , three Coupe de France wins and attained one Coupe de la Ligue victory . The club is famous for its jeu à la nantaise ( `` Nantes-style play '' ) , its collective spirit , mainly advocated under coaches José Arribas , Jean-Claude Suaudeau and Raynald Denoueix and for its youth system , which has produced players such as Marcel Desailly , Didier Deschamps , Mickaël Landreau , Claude Makélélé , Christian Karembeu and Jérémy Toulalan . As well as Les Canaris ( The Canaries ) , Nantes is also nicknamed Les jaunes et verts ( The Green and Yellows ) and La Maison Jaune ( The Yellow House ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "886108c22d1bff2ea861abda066d26ad", "text": "Saint-Martin national football team The Saint-Martin national football team is the football team of Saint-Martin , the French half of Saint Martin island which was previously part of the French overseas department of Guadeloupe ( not to be confused with the team of the Dutch half , the Sint Maarten national football team ) and is controlled by the Comité de Football des Îles du Nord . Saint-Martin is not a member of FIFA , and is therefore not eligible to enter the World Cup , but it does compete in CONCACAF competitions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8275b571b0a886f1876196daf6599b5", "text": "Football in Bangladesh Throughout history , football has been the most popular sport in Bangladesh and is governed by the Bangladesh Football Federation ( BFF ) . Compared to the past , the standard of Bangladeshi football has degraded due to mismanagement , lack of support and poor investment . An interest in cricket resulting from the nation 's success in Test Cricket and participation in the Cricket World Cup overshadowed the past fame in the nation 's football . But however this did not affect football 's popularity . More football tournaments are organized in and outside Dhaka than of any other sports and football fever grips the nation during every FIFA World Cup . Federation officials and experts are still hopeful about the development of football in the country in the next ten years despite financial obstacles and lack of professionalism .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fd39b835a7cc46c202878eed7dd64f10", "text": "Belgian Golden Shoe In association football , the Belgian Golden Shoe ( Gouden Schoen , Soulier d'Or ) is an award given in Belgium at the beginning of each civil year to the best footballer of the Belgian First Division for the past year . The trophy is sponsored by the Belgian newspaper Het Laatste Nieuws . The voters are a selection of Belgian press specialists and football personalities . They are invited to vote for the best player of the competition for both half seasons ( previous season second half and current season first half ) . As a result , a player can receive all of his votes in one half season ( e.g. if he joined the championship from abroad during summer ) , or he can receive votes for matches with two ( or more ) different teams , as with Philippe Albert in 1992 and Mbark Boussoufa in 2006 . Paul Van Himst has collected 4 Belgian Golden Shoes which is the current record . Jan Ceulemans and Wilfried Van Moer have both won the trophy three times . The first foreigner to win the trophy was the Dutchman Johan Boskamp , especially for his excellence during the second half of the 1974-75 season , when his club , RWDM ( currently defunct ) , won its first and only championship title . The only foreigners who have won the award more than once are the Swede Pär Zetterberg and the Moroccan Mbark Boussoufa . In 2011 , Argentinian Matías Suárez became the first South American to be awarded the Golden Shoe . In 2016 , Tessa Wullaert was awarded the first ever Golden Shoe for women football players .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18d280ff2c054a354513dc76af1c461c", "text": "Olympique Lyonnais (Women) Olympique Lyonnais Féminin ( -LSB- ɔlɛ̃pik ljɔnɛ -RSB- ; commonly referred to as Olympique Lyon , Lyon , or simply OL ) is a French women 's football club based in Lyon . It is the most successful club in the history of Division 1 Féminine with fourteen league titles . The club has been the female section of Olympique Lyonnais since 2004 . Lyon currently play in the Division 1 Féminine and are the defending champions , having won the league for eleven consecutive seasons . The club was formed as the women 's section of FC Lyon in 1970 . In 2004 , the women 's club became the women 's section of Olympique Lyonnais . Since joining Lyon , the women 's section has won the Division 1 Féminine ten times and seven Coupe de France titles . Lyon reached the semi-finals of the 2007 -- 08 edition of the UEFA Women 's Cup and , during the 2009 -- 10 season , reached the final of the inaugural edition of the UEFA Women 's Champions League losing to German club Turbine Potsdam 7 -- 6 on penalties . In the following season , Lyon finally captured the UEFA Women 's Champions League defeating its nemesis Turbine Potsdam 2 -- 0 in the 2011 final . It successfully defended its title in 2012 , defeating FFC Frankfurt in the final . Lyon hosts its matches at the Groupama OL training Center , a 1,524-capacity stadium that is situated not far from the Parc Olympique Lyonnais , where the male sections plays . The women 's team does host its `` big '' matches at the 55,000-seat stadium . The president of the club is Jean-Michel Aulas and the captain of the team is Wendie Renard . According to the UEFA women 's coefficient , Lyon are the highest-ranked club in UEFA .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c58405c5c1502c2b80f84844332e9429", "text": "Botafogo FC (Douala) Botafogo Football Club de Douala is a Cameroonian football club . They are a member of Fédération Camerounaise de Football and currently play in the top domestic league Elite One .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "198d836fd96988bc6fee95bb8c4926ec", "text": "Antoine Kombouaré Antoine Kombouaré ( -LSB- ɑ̃.twan kɔ̃.bwa.ʁe -RSB- ; born 16 November 1963 ) is a former New Caledonian footballer and the current manager of Ligue 1 club Guingamp .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1c1c4875272d249cf29398574019932b", "text": "Senegal at the FIFA World Cup This is a record of Senegal 's results at the FIFA World Cup . The FIFA World Cup , sometimes called the Football World Cup or the Soccer World Cup , but usually referred to simply as the World Cup , is an international association football competition contested by the men 's national teams of the members of Fédération Internationale de Football Association ( FIFA ) , the sport 's global governing body . The championship has been awarded every four years since the first tournament in 1930 , except in 1942 and 1946 , due to World War II . The tournament consists of two parts , the qualification phase and the final phase ( officially called the World Cup Finals ) . The qualification phase , which currently take place over the three years preceding the Finals , is used to determine which teams qualify for the Finals . The current format of the Finals involves 32 teams competing for the title , at venues within the host nation ( or nations ) over a period of about a month . The World Cup Finals is the most widely viewed sporting event in the world , with an estimated 715.1 million people watching the 2006 tournament final . Senegal have appeared in the finals of the FIFA World Cup on one occasion in 2002 where they reached the quarter finals .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "3240806f3fa96027260d91bf1fc95431", "text": "Philip K. Dick Philip Kindred Dick ( December 16 , 1928March 2 , 1982 ) was an American writer notable for publishing works of science fiction . Dick explored philosophical , social , and political themes in novels with plots dominated by monopolistic corporations , authoritarian governments , alternate universes , and altered states of consciousness . His work reflected his personal interest in metaphysics and theology , and often drew upon his life experiences in addressing the nature of reality , identity , drug abuse , schizophrenia , and transcendental experiences . Born in Illinois before moving to California , Dick began publishing science fiction stories in the 1950s , initially finding little commercial success . His 1962 alternate history novel The Man in the High Castle earned Dick early acclaim , including a Hugo Award for Best Novel . He followed with science fiction novels such as Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep ? ( 1968 ) and Ubik ( 1969 ) . His 1974 novel Flow My Tears , the Policeman Said won the John W. Campbell Memorial Award for best novel . Following a series of religious experiences in February -- March 1974 , Dick 's work engaged more explicitly with issues of theology , philosophy , and the nature of reality , as in such novels as A Scanner Darkly ( 1977 ) and VALIS ( 1981 ) . A collection of his non-fiction writing on these themes was published posthumously as The Exegesis of Philip K. Dick ( 2011 ) . He died in 1982 of a stroke , aged 53 . In addition to 44 published novels , Dick wrote approximately 121 short stories , most of which appeared in science fiction magazines during his lifetime . A variety of popular films based on his works have been produced , including Blade Runner ( 1982 ) , Total Recall ( 1990 ) , Minority Report ( 2002 ) , A Scanner Darkly ( 2006 ) , Paycheck ( 2003 ) , Next ( 2007 ) , and The Adjustment Bureau ( 2011 ) . In 2005 , Time magazine named Ubik one of the hundred greatest English-language novels published since 1923 . In 2007 , Dick became the first science fiction writer to be included in The Library of America series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fbc367b6563e718bdaf353493b1b326f", "text": "The Man in the High Castle The Man in the High Castle ( 1962 ) is an alternative history novel by American writer Philip K. Dick . Set in 1962 , fifteen years after an alternative ending to World War II , the novel concerns intrigues between the victorious Axis Powers -- primarily , Imperial Japan and Nazi Germany -- as they rule over the former United States , as well as daily life under the resulting totalitarian rule . The Man in the High Castle won the Hugo Award for Best Novel in 1963 and the Tähtivaeltaja Award in 1993 . The book would later receive a two season 2015 TV adaptation also under the name , The Man in the High Castle . Reported inspirations include Ward Moore 's alternative Civil War history , Bring the Jubilee ( 1953 ) , various classic World War II histories , and the I Ching ( referred to in the novel ) . The novel features a `` novel within the novel '' comprising an alternate history within this alternate history wherein the Allies defeat the Axis ( though in a manner distinct from the actual historical outcome ) .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b8cdeaccd00bb2867e8043061d9f3211", "text": "Novel in Scotland The novel in Scotland includes all long prose fiction published in Scotland and by Scottish authors since the development of the literary format in the eighteenth century . The novel was soon a major element of Scottish literary and critical life . Tobias Smollett 's picaresque novels , such as The Adventures of Roderick Random and The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle mean that he is often seen as Scotland 's first novelist . Other Scots who contributed to the development of the novel in the eighteenth century include Henry Mackenzie and John Moore . There was a tradition of moral and domestic fiction in the early nineteenth century that included the work of Elizabeth Hamilton , Mary Brunton and Christian Johnstone . The outstanding literary figure of the early nineteenth century was Walter Scott , whose Waverley is often called the first historical novel . He had a major worldwide influence . His success led to a publishing boom in Scotland . Major figures that benefited included James Hogg , John Galt , John Gibson Lockhart , John Wilson and Susan Ferrier . In the mid-nineteenth century major literary figures that contributed to the development of the novel included David Macbeth Moir , John Stuart Blackie , William Edmondstoune Aytoun and Margaret Oliphant . In the late nineteenth century , a number of Scottish-born authors achieved international reputations , including Robert Louis Stevenson and Arthur Conan Doyle , whose Sherlock Holmes stories helped found the tradition of detective fiction . In the last two decades of the century the `` kailyard school '' ( cabbage patch ) depicted Scotland in a rural and nostalgic fashion , often seen as a `` failure of nerve '' in dealing with the rapid changes that had swept across Scotland in the industrial revolution . Figures associated with the movement include Ian Maclaren , S. R. Crockett and J. M. Barrie , best known for his creation of Peter Pan , which helped develop the genre of fantasy , as did the work of George MacDonald . Among the most important novels of the early twentieth century was The House with the Green Shutters by George Douglas Brown , which broke with the Kailyard tradition . John Buchan played a major role in the creation of the modern thriller with The Thirty-Nine Steps and Greenmantle . The Scottish literary Renaissance attempted to introduce modernism into art and create of a distinctive national literature . It increasingly focused on the novel . Major figures included Neil Gunn , George Blake , A. J. Cronin , Eric Linklater and Lewis Grassic Gibbon . There were also a large number of female authors associated with the movement , who included Catherine Carswell , Willa Muir , Nan Shepherd and Naomi Mitchison . Many major Scottish post-war novelists , such as Robin Jenkins , Jessie Kesson , Muriel Spark , Alexander Trocchi and James Kennaway spent most of their lives outside Scotland , but often dealt with Scottish themes . Successful mass-market works included the action novels of Alistair MacLean and the historical fiction of Dorothy Dunnett . A younger generation of novelists that emerged in the 1960s and 1970s included Allan Massie , Shena Mackay and Alan Spence . Working class identity continued to be explored by Archie Hind , Alan Sharp , George Friel and William McIlvanney . From the 1980s Scottish literature enjoyed another major revival , with figures including Alasdair Gray , James Kelman , Irvine Welsh , Alan Warner , Janice Galloway , A. L. Kennedy , Iain Banks , Candia McWilliam , Frank Kuppner and Andrew O'Hagan . In genre fiction Iain Banks , writing as Iain M. Banks , produced ground-breaking science fiction and Scottish crime fiction has been a major area of growth with the success of novelists including Frederic Lindsay , Quintin Jardine , Val McDermid , Denise Mina , Christopher Brookmyre , and particularly Ian Rankin and his Inspector Rebus novels . The most successful author of Scottish origins in recent years has been J. K. Rowling , author of the Harry Potter series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6e0cd7aa31da46095e447b273d932476", "text": "Aristopia Aristopia : A Romance-History of the New World is an 1895 utopian novel by Castello Holford , considered the first novel-length alternate history in English ( and among the earliest alternate histories in general ) . Though part of the major wave utopian and dystopian literature that distinguished the final decades of the nineteenth century , Holford 's book reverses the normal stance of utopian projection : instead of imagining a better society at a future time or in a far-off place , he supposes that the founding of the United States occurred under different conditions and follows its development forward to a superior society in his own day . In Aristopia ( Greek for `` the best place '' ) , Ralph Morton , an early settler in Virginia , discovers a reef made of solid gold . He cannily uses his wealth to build a planned society , based on the Utopia of Sir Thomas More , with innovations and adaptations of his own . In Aristopia , all the land is owned by the government , and only leased to businesses and private citizens . Large-scale trade is also monoplized by the state , and inherited wealth is limited . Morton welcomes productive refugees from European conflicts -- Huguenots , Irish fugitives from Cromwell 's wars , and northern Italian and Swiss artisans . The colony prospers , buys more land from the Indians , and spreads westward . Morton dies at the age of 100 ; his descendants and successors carry his policies forward . The Aristopians support the American Revolution , and on their own initiative conquer Canada . Aristopia comes to dominate the new nation , eventually ruling all of North America north of Mexico . Holford loads his description of Aristopia with satirical remedies for what he saw as contemporary problems and circumstances . In Aristopian jurisprudence , for example , the Court for Assessing the Value of Abstract Words and Phrases polices the language to prevent abuses ; it is the largest and busiest function in the Palace of Justice . The English playwright Henry Arthur Jones was taken with the idea of Aristopia , and used it in his own polemical writings , as in his `` The Tax-Wise Men of Aristopia '' and his My Dear Wells . Holford was not the first writer in English to employ the term `` Aristopia . '' The eighteenth-century freethinker John Fransham ( 1730 -- 1810 ) left a posthumous manuscript titled Memorablilia Classica , which contains a piece called `` The Code of Aristopia , or Scheme for a Perfect Government . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6281fd4eefccd5d2763dc8d39dba746f", "text": "The Minority Report (1991 collection) The Minority Report is a collection of science fiction stories by Philip K. Dick . It was first published by Citadel Twilight in 1991 and reprints Volume IV of The Collected Stories of Philip K. Dick . The stories had originally appeared in the magazines Galaxy Science Fiction , Science Fiction Stories , If , Fantastic Universe , Fantasy and Science Fiction , Fantastic , Worlds of Tomorrow , Escapade and Amazing Stories .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9adc9f7b90857c4d0219a8744ba9a42c", "text": "Philip Hoare Philip Hoare ( born Patrick Moore , 1958 ) is a British writer , especially of history and biography . He instigated the Moby Dick Big Read project . He is Professor of Creative Writing at the University of Southampton and Leverhulme artist-in-residence at the Marine Institute , Plymouth University , which awarded him an honorary doctorate in 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7e89b75c8685044e1ab74a562a0b25f9", "text": "The Last Castle (novella) The Last Castle is a science fiction novella by Jack Vance . It won both the Hugo Award for Best Novelette and the Nebula Award for Best Novella .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad12222b1bc85d2929597e5b37544e76", "text": "An Englishman's Castle An Englishman 's Castle is a BBC television serial first broadcast in 1978 , written by Philip Mackie and directed by Paul Ciappessoni . The story was set in an alternate history 1970s , in which Nazi Germany won World War II and England is run by a collaborationist fascist government . Peter Ingram ( Kenneth More ) is a writer for a soap opera ( also called An Englishman 's Castle ) , which is set in London in 1940 during the fictional Nazi invasion and subsequent occupation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d68ee0fb7bcc4e98b1911645416be97c", "text": "The History of The Lord of the Rings The History of The Lord of the Rings is a 4-volume work by Christopher Tolkien that documents the process of J. R. R. Tolkien 's writing of The Lord of the Rings . The History is also numbered as volumes 6 to 9 of The History of Middle-earth ( `` HoME '' , as below ) . Some information concerning the appendices and a soon-abandoned sequel to the novel can also be found in volume 12 , The Peoples of Middle-earth .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "27a4e8b601fc765133b26891d836d7f2", "text": "The Great Abraham Lincoln Pocket Watch Conspiracy The Great Abraham Lincoln Pocket Watch Conspiracy is a historical fiction novel written by Jacopo della Quercia . The plot follows President William Howard Taft , scientist and son of a former president Robert Todd Lincoln , Secret Service Chief John Wilkie , Captain ( later Major ) Archibald Butt and others as they slowly unravel a worldwide conspiracy over a decade in the making . The book , which was della Quercia 's debut novel , was published in 2014 by St. Martin 's Griffin , an imprint of publishing company St. Martin 's Press . The author described the book 's genre not as singular distinct genre , but as an `` equal parts cocktail '' of adventure , historical fiction , science fiction , thriller and comedy . In 2015 , della Quercia released a spiritual sequel , License to Quill , of a similar nature that concerns the lives of Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare in Reformation-era Europe . The book has many references to actual events ; some , such as the sinking of the RMS Titanic , are important plot points , while others , such as the destruction of the zeppelin Erbslöh , are passively mentioned as news or memories . The author also includes excerpts from real newspaper articles , which were used to provide exposition in the storyline . Similarly , all of the main characters in the book were real , relevant figures in the 20th century . The characters profiles were fictionalized to fit in with the book 's plot and atmosphere , but their names , positions , occupations and personalities are kept largely intact .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9d5f20bd463260f19b73e74012ae875a", "text": "Libertarian science fiction Libertarian science fiction is a subgenre of science fiction that focuses on the politics and social order implied by libertarian philosophies with an emphasis on individualism and private ownership of the means of production -- and in some cases , no state whatsoever . As a category , libertarian fiction is unusual because the vast majority of its authors are self-identified as science fiction authors . This contrasts with the authors of much other social criticism who are largely academic or mainstream novelists who tend to dismiss any genre classification . The identification between libertarianism and science fiction is so strong that the U.S. Libertarian Party often has representatives at science fiction conventions and one of the highest profile authors currently in the subgenre of libertarian science fiction , L. Neil Smith , was the Arizona Libertarian Party 's 2000 candidate for the President of the United States . As a genre , it can be seen as growing out of the 1930s and 1940s when the science-fiction pulp magazines were reaching their peak at the same time as fascism and communism . While this environment gave rise to dystopian novels such as George Orwell 's Nineteen Eighty-Four , in the pulps , this influence more often give rise to speculations about societies ( or sub-groups ) arising in direct opposition to `` totalitarianism . '' Ayn Rand 's novel Atlas Shrugged is a strong ( perhaps the strongest ) influence with an anti-socialist attitude and an individualist ethic that echoes throughout the genre . Of more direct relevance to the science fiction end of this genre is Robert A. Heinlein 's The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress , which is highly regarded even by non-libertarian science fiction readers . An award for libertarian science fiction , the Prometheus Award , is given out every year . Some winners of the award identify as libertarians ( e.g. , L. Neil Smith , Victor Koman , Brad Linaweaver ) , while others do not ( Terry Pratchett , Charles Stross ) . Some other prominent libertarian science fiction authors include S. Andrew Swann and Michael Z. Williamson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f63e87f9a7339b3134b10ea741f8e3f", "text": "Draconian (Doctor Who) The Draconians are an extraterrestrial race . They were featured in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who . Their only television appearance to date was in the 1973 serial Frontier in Space . Unlike many `` monster '' races in Doctor Who , the Draconians were articulate and portrayed as having a sophisticated and advanced culture like feudal Japan . In later interviews , Jon Pertwee cited the Draconians as his favourite of all the monsters he had encountered during his time as the Doctor . The Draconian Empire was a vast spacefaring feudal civilisation of reptilian humanoids , centered on the planet Draconia , with a society stratifed along class and gender lines ( for example , females were not permitted to speak in the presence of the Emperor ) that was bound by a strong code of honour . The Draconian Empire dated back to at least the 21st century , when a space plague that afflicted their world was dealt with by the Doctor . For his services , the 15th Emperor made the Doctor a noble of Draconia . The Earth Empire 's first contact with the Draconian Empire was in the year 2520 . The ship sent by the Draconians for the peace mission was a battlecruiser , as befitted a noble of Draconia , although ( as agreed ) its missile banks were empty and it was otherwise unarmed . However , both Draconian and Earth ships were caught in a neutron storm , damaging the Earth ship and destroying the Draconian ship 's communications systems . As a result , the Draconian ship was unable to respond to the Earth ship 's signals . The commander of the Earth ship saw what he perceived to be a battlecruiser bearing down on his crippled vessel and gave the order to attack , destroying the battlecruiser and triggering off a brief but bloody war in which millions of lives were lost . An uneasy peace was negotiated in the end , leading to two decades of cold war and the carving out of a frontier between the two empires . In 2540 , several incidents involving attacks on cargo freighters along their respective borders nearly led to the war turning hot once more , with both sides accusing the other of piracy and violating the frontier . These attacks turned out to be the work of Ogron mercenaries under the orders of the renegade Time Lord known as the Master , who was using a sonic hypnosis device to make the Earth crews see the Ogrons as Draconians and vice versa . The Master had allied himself with the Daleks , who were launching another bid for galactic conquest and hoped to pick up the pieces after a new Earth-Draconia War . The plot was revealed by the Third Doctor , and instead of going to war against each other , the two empires united against the Daleks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "975ee47d92a09d636016c3054dee2cc1", "text": "The Man Who Sold the Moon `` The Man Who Sold the Moon '' is a science fiction novella by American author Robert A. Heinlein , written in 1949 and published in 1951 . A part of his Future History and prequel to `` Requiem '' , it covers events around a fictional first Moon landing in 1978 and the schemes of Delos D. Harriman , a businessman who is determined to personally reach and control the Moon .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bff1a9ea3bbe6fc95c8975da2f5f44dd", "text": "A Rebel in Time A Rebel in Time ( also published as Rebel in Time ) is a 1983 science fiction novel by Harry Harrison .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6cda901ff0232cf6b3eaa7c978d8280a", "text": "The Turning Wheel `` The Turning Wheel '' is an 8,400 word science fiction novelette by Philip K. Dick . It was published in Science Fiction Stories No. 2 , 1954 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d6263f9cc0a57f59345bff8ab906a89c", "text": "11/22/63 11/22/63 is a novel by Stephen King about a time traveler who attempts to prevent the assassination of President John F. Kennedy , which occurred on November 22 , 1963 ( the novel 's titular date ) . The novel was announced on King 's official site on March 2 , 2011 . A short excerpt was released online on June 1 , 2011 , and another excerpt was published in the October 28 , 2011 , issue of Entertainment Weekly . The novel was published on November 8 , 2011 and quickly became a number-one bestseller . It stayed on The New York Times Best Seller list for 16 weeks . 11/22/63 won the 2011 Los Angeles Times Book Prize for Best Mystery/Thriller and the 2012 International Thriller Writers Award for Best Novel , and was nominated for the 2012 British Fantasy Award for Best Novel and the 2012 Locus Award for Best Science Fiction Novel . The novel required considerable research to accurately portray the late 1950s and early 1960s . King commented on the amount of research it required , saying `` I 've never tried to write anything like this before . It was really strange at first , like breaking in a new pair of shoes . '' The novel was adapted into a 2016 Hulu television series , 11.22.63 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d4589741c3cbe31eeb382311d3760377", "text": "The Hole Man `` The Hole Man '' is a short story by American writer Larry Niven . It won the Hugo Award for Best Short Story in 1975 . In this story , a team of explorers and scientists on Mars encounter an alien base , in which there is a still-functional communication device . One scientist believes that at the center of the device is a tiny black hole , but his superior does not believe him . During a heated argument with his superior , the scientist turns off the containment field , releasing the black hole . The hole drops right through his superior , killing him as it falls towards the center of the planet . At the end of the story , the release of the black hole is revealed to possibly endanger the explorers as it consumes Mars .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f1b2980625cf400259f4c4e0bac5953", "text": "The Lost Worlds of 2001 The Lost Worlds of 2001 is a 1972 book by Arthur C. Clarke , published by Signet as an accompaniment to the novel 2001 : A Space Odyssey . The book itself consists in part of behind-the-scenes notes from Clarke concerning scriptwriting ( and rewriting ) , as well as production issues . The core of the book , however , is contained in excerpts from the proto-novel and an early screenplay that did not make it into the final version . Alternative settings for launch preparation , the EVA scene where astronaut Frank Poole is lost , and varying dialogues concerning the HAL 9000 unit are all featured in the book . Also included is the original short story `` The Sentinel '' upon which 2001 is loosely based .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1491ee34e66356a63042b970253267e3", "text": "Radio Free Albemuth Radio Free Albemuth is a dystopian novel by Philip K. Dick , written in 1976 and published posthumously in 1985 . Originally titled VALISystem A , it was his first attempt to deal in fiction with his experiences of early 1974 . When his publishers at Bantam requested extensive rewrites he canned the project and reworked it into the VALIS trilogy . Arbor House acquired the rights to Radio Free Albemuth in 1985 . They then published an edition under the current title ( the original was too close to VALIS ) , prepared from the corrected typescript given by Dick to his friend Tim Powers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ef0e8e8bd0d1bea43b24c3b4ee2e52e2", "text": "Our Friends from Frolix 8 Our Friends From Frolix 8 is a 1970 science fiction novel by Philip K. Dick .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c315cf4943b32f2c2eb4521acd2d407c", "text": "Uchronia: The Alternate History List Uchronia : The Alternate History List is an online general-interest book database containing a bibliography of over 3300 alternate history novels , stories , essays and other printed material . It is owned and operated by Robert B. Schmunk . Uchronia was twice selected as the Sci Fi Channel 's `` Sci Fi Site of the Week . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ce8a6ef0f054fc4d038fb5af17a3a7e", "text": "Science book A science book is a work of nonfiction , usually written by a scientist , researcher , or professor like Stephen Hawking ( A Brief History of Time ) , or sometimes by a non-scientist such as Bill Bryson ( A Short History of Nearly Everything ) . Usually these books are written for a wide audience presumed to have a general education rather than a specifically scientific training , as opposed to the very narrow audience that a scientific paper would have , and are therefore referred to as popular science . As such , they require considerable talent on the part of the author to sufficiently explain difficult topics to people who are totally new to the subject , and a good blend of storytelling and technical writing . In the UK , the Royal Society Prizes for Science Books are considered to be the most prestigious awards for science writing . In the US , the National Book Awards briefly had a category for science writing in the 1960s , but now they just have the broad categories of fiction and nonfiction . There are many disciplines that are well explained to lay people through science books . A few examples include Carl Sagan on astronomy , Jared Diamond on geography , Stephen Jay Gould and Richard Dawkins on evolutionary biology , David Eagleman on neuroscience , Donald Norman on usability and cognitive psychology , Steven Pinker , Noam Chomsky , and Robert Ornstein on linguistics and cognitive science , Donald Johanson and Robert Ardrey on paleoanthropology , and Desmond Morris on zoology and anthropology , and Fulvio Melia on black holes .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "44a7623bffb38115b27949cad2005e2d", "text": "Mandolin A mandolin ( mandolino -LSB- mandoˈliːno -RSB- ; literally `` small mandola '' ) is a musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or `` pick '' . It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison ( 8 strings ) , although five ( 10 strings ) and six ( 12 strings ) course versions also exist . The courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths . It is the soprano member of a family that includes the mandola , octave mandolin , mandocello and mandobass . There are many styles of mandolin , but three are common , the Neapolitan or round-backed mandolin , the carved-top mandolin and the flat-backed mandolin . The round-back has a deep bottom , constructed of strips of wood , glued together into a bowl . The carved-top or arch-top mandolin has a much shallower , arched back , and an arched top -- both carved out of wood . The flat-backed mandolin uses thin sheets of wood for the body , braced on the inside for strength in a similar manner to a guitar . Each style of instrument has its own sound quality and is associated with particular forms of music . Neapolitan mandolins feature prominently in European classical music and traditional music . Carved-top instruments are common in American folk music and bluegrass music . Flat-backed instruments are commonly used in Irish , British and Brazilian folk music . Some modern Brazilian instruments feature an extra fifth course tuned a fifth lower than the standard fourth course . Other mandolin varieties differ primarily in the number of strings and include four-string models ( tuned in fifths ) such as the Brescian and Cremonese , six-string types ( tuned in fourths ) such as the Milanese , Lombard and the Sicilian and 6 course instruments of 12 strings ( two strings per course ) such as the Genoese . There has also been a twelve-string ( three strings per course ) type and an instrument with sixteen-strings ( four strings per course ) . Much of mandolin development revolved around the soundboard ( the top ) . Pre-mandolin instruments were quiet instruments , strung with as many as six courses of gut strings , and were plucked with the fingers or with a quill . However , modern instruments are louder -- using four courses of metal strings , which exert more pressure than the gut strings . The modern soundboard is designed to withstand the pressure of metal strings that would break earlier instruments . The soundboard comes in many shapes -- but generally round or teardrop-shaped , sometimes with scrolls or other projections . There is usually one or more sound holes in the soundboard , either round , oval , or shaped like a calligraphic ( f-hole ) . A round or oval sound hole may be covered or bordered with decorative rosettes or purfling .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "7952171efe42dd67430ad943e348a789", "text": "Style (visual arts) In the visual arts , style is a '' ... distinctive manner which permits the grouping of works into related categories '' . or '' ... any distinctive , and therefore recognizable , way in which an act is performed or an artifact made or ought to be performed and made '' . It refers to the visual appearance of a work of art that relates it to other works by the same artist or one from the same period , training , location , `` school '' , art movement or archaeological culture : `` The notion of style has long been the art historian 's principal mode of classifying works of art . By style he selects and shapes the history of art '' . Style is often divided into the general style of a period , country or cultural group , group of artists or art movement , and the individual style of the artist within that group style . Divisions within both types of styles are often made , such as between `` early '' , `` middle '' or `` late '' . In some artists , such as Picasso for example , these divisions may be marked and easy to see , in others they are more subtle . Style is seen as usually dynamic , in most periods always changing by a gradual process , though the speed of this varies greatly , between the very slow development in style typical of prehistoric art or ancient Egyptian art to the rapid changes in modern art styles . Style often develops in a series of jumps , with relatively sudden changes followed by periods of slower development . After dominating academic discussion in art history in the 19th and early 20th centuries , so-called `` style art history '' has come under increasing attack in recent decades , and many art historians now prefer to avoid stylistic classifications where they can .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7436ccd5fdc174d37f13641b11891efa", "text": "Electric mandolin The electric mandolin is an instrument tuned and played as the mandolin and amplified in similar fashion to an electric guitar . As with electric guitars , electric mandolins take many forms : Most common is a carved-top eight-string instrument fitted with an electric pickup in similar fashion to many arch top guitars . Solid body mandolins are common in 4 - , 5 - , and 8-string forms . Acoustic electric and semi-acoustic mandolins also exist in many forms .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c562d96dfe9fcd62bc035e70ad265834", "text": "Kemane Kemane ( ќемане , -LSB- ` kjɛmanɛ -RSB- ) is a bowed string instrument traditionally used in the Republic of Macedonia . As the Macedonian version of the kemenche it is very similar to the violin or viola . The kemane also resembles the Greek instrument lyre . The instrument is usually used to accompany folk music and singing , particularly epic poetry , and is rarely used as a solo instrument . The kemane can be made in various forms . The length varies between 480 and , their shape can be either straight or bent in a curved shape . Older kemane 's were made by hacking holes in the instrument in which were inserted horse tail hairs , however the modern kemane 's strings are attached to a wooden headstock , similar to that of a violin . It is prepared out of one piece of wood ( walnut , maple , or other ) with three structural parts : the body ( krtuna ) , neck ( shija ) , and the headstock ( glava ) . The strings are set at different heights , so that it can be played on two strings simultaneously . The sound is produced by the movement of the bow from the one to the other blade , which grinding produces a sound of undetermined height . Although it is considered one of the oldest string instruments in the region of Macedonia , the kemane appeared in Macedonian music in the late 19th and early 20th century when it entered the Macedonian čalgija compositions . The name of the kemane probably comes from kemençe , the Turkish word for fiddle . The kemane has three strings , although there are some made with four which are very rare . It is mostly spread in Eastern Macedonia and the region of Osogovo where in some parts the instrument is referred to as kjemene , and in the northern parts of Macedonian it is called gusla .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cb4c91920097b9dfc773e1cfac95ee7d", "text": "List of musical pieces which use extended techniques This is a list of musical compositions that employ extended techniques to obtain unusual sounds or instrumental timbres . Hector Berlioz `` Dream of Witches ' Sabbath '' from Symphonie Fantastique . The violins and violas play col legno , striking the wood of their bows on the strings . Heinrich Ignaz Franz von Biber Battalia ( 1673 ) . The strings play col legno , striking the wood of their bows on the strings , in addition to numerous other techniques . François-Adrien Boieldieu Le calife de Bagdad ( opera , 1800 ) , strings play col legno . Benjamin Britten Passacaglia from Peter Grimes , rehearsal 6 , `` agitato '' , ( pp. 16 -- 17 of the score ) . The violins and violas play col legno , striking the wood of their bows on the strings . Leo Brouwer La espiral eterna for Guitar . John Cage prepared piano pieces ( 1938 ) Aaron Cassidy All works make extensive use of extended techniques . Nicolas-Marie Dalayrac Une heure de mariage ( opera , 1804 ) . Strings use col legno . Pascal Dusapin Watt , concerto for trombone and orchestra ( 1994 ) . Features `` ample use of extended techniques '' . John Eaton Concert Music for Solo Clarinet ( 1960 ) makes use of many extended clarinet techniques , including multiphonics , alternate fingerings , and extremely high pitches . Carlo Farina Capriccio stravagante ( from Ander Theil newer Paduanen , Gagliarden , Couranten , französischen Arien , 1627 ) . The violins play glissando , pizzicato , tremolo , and in double stops , and use particular effects such as col legno ( striking the wood of the bow on the strings ) and sul ponticello ( bowing close to the bridge ) , in order to imitate the sounds of a cat , a dog , a hen , the lyre , clarino trumpet , military drum , Spanish guitar , etc. . . Tobias Hume `` Harke , Harke '' , from First Part of Ayres ( 1605 ) . The viol da gamba plays col legno , with the instruction `` Drum this with the back of your Bow '' . Charles Ives Concord Sonata , use of a 14 inch long piece of wood to create a cluster chord in the `` Hawthorne '' movement . Helmut Lachenmann All works make extensive use of extended techniques . Gustav Mahler Symphony No. 1 in D major , third movement ( p. 91 of the UE score ) first violins , divisi a 3 , play col legno tratto , stroking the strings with the wood of their bows . Symphony No. 2 in D major , first movement , b. 304 -- 306 , all the strings play col legno ( some of the strings continue through 307 ) , striking the wood of their bows on the strings . Gérard Pesson All works make extensive use of extended techniques . Camille Saint-Saëns Danse macabre , the strings play col legno to suggest the rattling of skeletons Arnold Schoenberg Gurrelieder ( 1911 ) , makes use of Sprechstimme Die glückliche Hand ( 1910 -- 13 ) , makes use of Sprechstimme Pierrot Lunaire Op. 21 ( 1912 ) makes use of Sprechstimme Moses und Aron ( 1930 -- 32 ) , makes use of Sprechstimme String Quartet No. 4 , op. 37 ( 1936 ) . Fourth movement ( Allegro ) , b. 882 -- 88 , all four instruments play col legno battuto , col legno tratto , and col legno tratto ponticello , on single notes and in double stops , trmolo , and in harmonics . String Trio , op. 45 ( 1946 ) . The violin and cello play col legno battuto ; the violin plays col legno tratto in double stops ; all the instruments play col legno tratto ponticello , double stops ; violin and viola play col legno tratto ponticello in double stops , which are also played tremolo Salvatore Sciarrino All works make extensive use of extended techniques . Igor StravinskyThe Firebird , the strings occasionally play col legno , striking the wood of their bows on the strings Toru TakemitsuVoice ' for solo flute Heitor Villa-Lobos Assobio a játo ( 1950 ) , requires the flute to play `` imitando fischi in toni ascendenti '' ( imitating whistles in rising tones ) , accomplished by blowing into the embouchure fff `` as if one were warming up the instrument on a cold day '' . Chôros no. 8 ( 1925 ) , for orchestra and two pianos , requires one or both of the pianos to insert paper between the strings for a passage . Kevin Volans String quartets like `` White Man Sleeps '' uses many extended techniques , both compositional and instrumental .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1a11a1828654b0c005bf1720e6ef2451", "text": "Concertato Concertato is a term in early Baroque music referring to either a genre or a style of music in which groups of instruments or voices share a melody , usually in alternation , and almost always over a basso continuo . The term derives from Italian concerto which means `` playing together '' -- hence concertato means `` in the style of a concerto . '' In contemporary usage , the term is almost always used as an adjective , for example `` three pieces from the set are in concertato style . '' A somewhat oversimplified , but useful distinction between concertato and concerto can be made : the concertato style involves contrast between opposing groups of voices and groups of instruments : the concerto style , especially as it developed into the concerto grosso later in the Baroque , involves contrast between large and small groups of similar composition ( later called `` ripieno '' and `` concertino '' ) . The style developed in Venice in the late 16th century , mainly through the work of Andrea and Giovanni Gabrieli , who were working in the unique acoustical space of St. Mark 's Cathedral . Different choirs or instrumental groupings occupied positions across the cathedral from each other : because of the sound delay from one side to the other in the large and acoustically `` live '' space , a perfect unison was difficult , and composers found that a fantastically effective music could be composed with the choirs singing across to each other , in stereo as it were ; all accompanied by organ or other groups of instruments placed in such a way that they could hear each group equally well . Music written there was quickly performed elsewhere , and compositions in the new `` concertato '' style quickly became popular elsewhere in Europe ( first in northern Italy , then in Germany and the rest of Italy , and then gradually in other parts of the continent ) . Another term sometimes used for this antiphonal use of the choirs in St. Mark 's was cori spezzati . See also Venetian polychoral style and Venetian School . In the early 17th century , almost all music with voices and basso continuo was called a concerto , though this use of the term is considerably different from the more modern meaning ( a solo instrument or instruments accompanied by an orchestra ) . Often , sacred music in the concertato style in the early 17th century was descended from the motet : the texts that a hundred years earlier would have been set for a cappella voices singing in smooth polyphony , would now be set for voices and instruments in a concertato style . These pieces , no longer always called motets , were given a variety of names including concerto , Psalm ( if a psalm setting ) , sinfonia , or symphoniae ( for example in Heinrich Schütz 's collections of Symphoniae Sacrae ) . The concertato style made possible the composition of extremely dramatic music , one of the characteristic innovations of the early Baroque .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "579f63a07bdfa1f180fc8cfec75ad601", "text": "American popular music American popular music has had a profound effect on music across the world . The country has seen the rise of popular styles that have had a significant influence on global culture , including ragtime , blues , jazz , swing , rock , bluegrass , country , R&B , doo wop , gospel , soul , funk , heavy metal , punk , disco , house , techno , salsa , grunge and hip hop . In addition , the American music industry is quite diverse , supporting a number of regional styles such as zydeco , klezmer and slack-key . Distinctive styles of American popular music emerged early in the 19th century , and in the 20th century the American music industry developed a series of new forms of music , using elements of blues and other genres of American folk music . These popular styles included country , R&B , jazz and rock . The 1960s and 1970s saw a number of important changes in American popular music , including the development of a number of new styles , such as heavy metal , punk , soul , and hip hop . Though these styles were not in the sense of mainstream , they were commercially recorded and are thus examples of popular music as opposed to folk or classical music .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "245eae5e611b04a1ad8a8087ef9eafcf", "text": "Pick tapping Pick tapping ( or pick trilling ) is a legato playing technique for the guitar , in which the edge of the pick is used to sharply trill notes on the instrument 's fretboard at fast speeds . Whilst trilling can be performed with the fingers of either the fretting or picking hand , using the pick enables faster speeds by means of ` vibrating ' ( or effectively seizing up ) the wrist . The technique should not be confused with regular tapping , which always makes use of both hands and involves playing at least three or more notes . A well-known example is `` Satch Boogie '' by Joe Satriani , in which there is a section that uses pick tapping to produce trills at 22.2 notes per second . Other examples include `` Surfing with the Alien '' , also by Satriani ; `` Inca Roads '' by Frank Zappa ; and various songs by DragonForce . Category : Guitar performance techniques", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5769efafdfdc996ffa93fcfeb059cdff", "text": "Folk rock Folk rock is a music genre combining elements of folk music and rock music . In its earliest and narrowest sense , the term referred to a genre that arose in the United States and the United Kingdom around the mid-1960s . The genre was pioneered by the Los Angeles band the Byrds , who began playing traditional folk music and songs by Bob Dylan with rock instrumentation . The term `` folk rock '' was coined by the U.S. music press to describe the Byrds ' music in June 1965 , the month in which the band 's debut album was issued . The release of the Byrds ' 1965 cover version of Dylan 's `` Mr. Tambourine Man '' and its subsequent commercial success , along with Dylan 's own recordings with rock instrumentation -- on the albums Bringing It All Back Home ( 1965 ) , Highway 61 Revisited ( 1965 ) , and Blonde on Blonde ( 1966 ) -- initiated an explosion of folk rock groups the mid-1960s . Dylan 's appearance at the Newport Folk Festival on 25 July 1965 , with an electric band backing him , was also a pivotal moment in the development of the genre . A distinct , eclectic style of electric folk was created in Britain and Europe in the late 1960s by Pentangle , Fairport Convention and Alan Stivell . Inspired by British psychedelic folk and the North American style of folk rock , Pentangle , Fairport , and other related bands began to incorporate elements of traditional British folk music into their repertoire . Fairport bassist Ashley Hutchings formed Steeleye Span with traditionalist folk musicians who wished to incorporate overt rock elements into their music , and this led to other variants , including the overtly English folk rock of the Albion Band ( also featuring Hutchings ) and the more prolific current of Celtic rock . In a broader sense , folk rock includes later similarly inspired musical genres and movements in the English-speaking world .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d41b2c0b4099194aca7b7710941f127c", "text": "Flame maple Flame maple ( tiger maple ) , also known as flamed maple , curly maple , ripple maple , fiddleback or tiger stripe , is a feature of maple in which the growth of the wood fibers is distorted in an undulating chatoyant pattern , producing wavy lines known as `` flames '' . This effect is often mistakenly said to be part of the grain of the wood ; it is more accurately called `` figure '' , as the distortion is perpendicular to the grain direction . Prized for its beautiful appearance , it is used frequently in the manufacturing of musical instruments , such as violins and bassoons , and fine furniture . Another well-known use of the material is its use in guitars , especially the venerated Gibson Les Paul . The Gibson Les Paul `` Standard '' , initially manufactured from 1958 to 1960 , sported a flame maple top finished in a cherry-red sunburst on a mahogany body . Today , these instruments are some of the most prized on the vintage guitar market , and as such are unaffordable to most musicians . During the westward expansion of early settlers and explorers into the lands west of the Appalachian Mountains , curly maple was often used for making the stocks used on Kentucky rifles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e2f46715eddebf1c3ab9135e152d6608", "text": "Guitalele A guitalele ( sometimes spelled guitarlele or guilele ) , also called a kīkū , is a guitar-ukulele hybrid , that is , `` a 1/4 size '' guitar , a cross between a classical guitar and a tenor or baritone ukulele . The guitalele combines the portability of a ukulele , due to its small size , with the six single strings and resultant chord possibilities of a classical guitar . It may include a built-in microphone that permits playing the guitalele either as an acoustic guitar or connected to an amplifier . The guitalele is variously marketed ( and used ) as a travel guitar or children 's guitar . A guitalele is the size of a ukulele , and is commonly played like a guitar transposed up to `` A '' ( that is , up a 4th , or like a guitar with a capo on the fifth fret ) . This gives it tuning of ADGCEA , with the top four strings tuned like a low G ukulele . This is the same as the tuning of the requinto guitar , although the latter are typically larger than a guitalele , and as the most common tuning for the guitarrón mexicano , albeit at a higher octave . Several guitar and ukulele manufacturers market guitaleles , including Yamaha Corporation 's GL-1 Guitalele , Cordoba 's Guilele and Mini , Koaloha 's D-VI 6-string tenor ukulele , Mele 's Guitarlele , Kanilea 's GL6 Guitarlele and Islander GL6 , Luna 's 6-string baritone ukulele , the Lichty Kīkū , the Kinnard Kīkū , and the Gretsch guitar-ukulele .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "80967238e2fb6d35f81d831ede8ba787", "text": "List of bluegrass bands This is an alphabetical list of bluegrass bands . A bluegrass band is a group of musicians who play acoustic stringed instruments , typically some combination of guitar , mandolin , fiddle , banjo , dobro and upright bass , to perform bluegrass music . Each band on this list has been selected because there is a Wikipedia article about it or because it has been confirmed as a performing and/or recording bluegrass band in a published source such as a news report , magazine article or book . For individual musicians , see the List of bluegrass musicians . See also : Bluegrass music , Country music , and List of country music performers . __ NOTOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "25b3e9ddfde72e1ddd813598b03f18ac", "text": "Uncle Homer Walker John `` Uncle '' Homer Walker ( born February 15 , 1898 or c. 1904 - January 4 , 1980 ) was an American Appalachian banjo player who was popular during the folk revival of the 1960s and 1970s . Prior to his death , he was one of the last musicians to practice the old-time Appalachian style . Walker was born in Mercer County , Virginia into a musical family : his father , a sharecropper , was a banjo player , two sisters learned the mandolin and guitar , and Walker 's two brothers played guitar . His grandfather , himself a former slave , taught Walker the clawhammer banjo playing style , once a fairly common pre-blues component found in the Appalachian Mountains region . In the 1920s , Walker began performing , sometimes accompanied by a mandolin or fiddle player , at square dances , presenting a repertoire of old-time black spirituals and folk tunes passed along to him from his grandfather like `` Steal Away '' , `` Cripple Creek '' , `` John Henry '' , and `` Old Joe Clark '' . He lived most of his adult life in Glen Lyn working as a laborer and farmhand . During the folk revival of the 1960s and 1970s , Walker appeared at numerous folk festivals such as John Henry Folk Festival , the Vandalia Gathering in Charleston , the Smithsonian Institution 's Festival of American Folklife . Only during his appearances at these festivals , Walker claimed , did he first start incorporating the blues into his repertoire . In 1977 , Walker was the subject of the documentary film Banjo Man , narrated by bluesman Taj Mahal . He died in Princeton , West Virginia . Walker 's recordings are featured on the compilation albums Virginia Traditions - Non-Blues Secular Black Music and Black Banjo Songsters of North Carolina and Virginia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e2ddfa27d8f6aee9616d7c4760d46e9f", "text": "Earl Scruggs Earl Eugene Scruggs ( January 6 , 1924 -- March 28 , 2012 ) was an American musician noted for popularizing a three-finger banjo picking style , now called `` Scruggs style '' , that is a defining characteristic of bluegrass music . His three-finger style of playing was radically different from the ways the five-string banjo had been historically played . He popularized the instrument in several genres of music and elevated the banjo from its role as a background rhythm instrument , or a comedian 's prop , into featured solo status . Scruggs ' career began at age 21 when he was hired to play in a group called `` Bill Monroe and the Blue Grass Boys '' . The name `` bluegrass '' stuck and eventually became the eponym for this entire genre of county music . Despite considerable success with Monroe , performing on the Grand Ole Opry and recording classic hits like `` Blue Moon of Kentucky '' , Scruggs gave notice in 1946 that he was quitting the band because of the exhausting touring schedule . Band member Lester Flatt resigned as well , and Flatt and Scruggs later paired up in a new group they called `` Flatt and Scruggs and the Foggy Mountain Boys '' . Scruggs ' banjo instrumental called `` Foggy Mountain Breakdown '' , released in 1949 , became an enduring hit , and had a rebirth of popularity to a younger generation when it was featured in the 1967 film Bonnie and Clyde . The song won two Grammy Awards and in 2005 was selected for the Library of Congress ' National Recording Registry of works of unusual merit . Flatt and Scruggs brought bluegrass music into mainstream popularity in the early 1960s with their country hit , `` The Ballad of Jed Clampett '' . This song was the theme music for the successful network television sitcom The Beverly Hillbillies and was the first bluegrass recording to reach number one on the Billboard charts . Over their 20-year association , Flatt and Scruggs recorded over 50 albums and 75 single records . The duo broke up in 1969 , chiefly because Scruggs wanted to progress the music to a more modern sound and Flatt was a traditionalist who did not want to change the style because he thought it would alienate a fan base of bluegrass purists . Each of them formed a new band that matched his own vision , but neither of them ever regained the success they achieved as a team . Scruggs received four Grammy awards , a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award and a National Medal of Arts . He became a member of the International Bluegrass Music Hall of Fame and was given a star on the Hollywood walk of fame . In 1985 , Flatt and Scruggs were inducted together into the Country Music Hall of Fame and named number 24 as a duo on CMT 's 40 Greatest Men of Country Music . Scruggs was awarded a National Heritage Fellowship by the National Endowment for the Arts ; the highest honor in the folk and traditional arts in the US . Four works by Scruggs have been placed in the Grammy Hall of Fame . After Scruggs ' death in 2012 at age 88 , the Earl Scruggs Center was founded near his birthplace in Shelby , North Carolina , with the aid of a federal grant and corporate donors . The center is a $ 5.5 million facility which features the musical contributions of Scruggs and serves as an educational center providing classes and field trips for students .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d8d7f22b1ef1d5217ac3a31f7a2ceabf", "text": "Qinqin The qinqin ( 秦琴 ; pinyin : qínqín ; Vietnamese : Dan-tru ) is a plucked Chinese lute . It was originally manufactured with a wooden body , a slender fretted neck , and three strings.photo 1 -LSB- photo 2 -RSB- Its body can be round , photo hexagonal ( with rounded sides ) , or octagonal . -LSB- photo -RSB- Often , only two strings were used , as in certain regional silk-and-bamboo ensembles.photo In its hexagonal form ( with rounded sides ) , it is also referred to as meihuaqin ( 梅花琴 , literally `` plum blossom instrument '' ) . The qinqin is particularly popular in southern China : in Guangdong , Hong Kong and Macau . A similar instrument , the two-stringed đàn sến , has been adapted from the qinqin for use in the traditional music of southern Vietnam.photo The frets on all Chinese lutes are high so that the fingers never touch the actual body -- distinctively different from western fretted instruments . This allows for a greater control over timbre and intonation than their western counterparts , but makes chordal playing more difficult . There are two varieties of qinqins in modern China : the `` traditional '' version , characterized having `` tall '' Chinese style frets ( see photo ) , and the `` modern '' version , which uses fret wire instead . The modern version also closely resembles a banjo in that its body shape is usually round and includes a drum head made most often of sheep skin or python skin . The modern version also usually comes with three strings , the tuning of which most people ( even the store staff and management ) are `` not clear '' on . I 've been told by one salesman who said the third and the first strings of the qinqin are tuned like the two strings of an erhu ( inside string = D4 , outside string A4 ) , which is a 5th apart , leaving not much room in the middle for the second string of the qinqin . A Westerner would usually attempt to tune it `` D-A-d '' ( D4-A4-D5 ) , but this will usually break the thin string # 1 . At a second store , the sales lady came and tuned the qinqin I was handling to `` G-D-g '' ( G3-D4-G4 ) and while I 'm not sure if this is the traditional tuning , it seems pretty acceptable . A third source , frequently cited on the Chinese websites , says the tuning is G3-D4-A5 . But with the Romance brand instrument I own , and using Alice brand qinqin strings , I always pop ( break ) string 1 as soon as I get to G4 # ( a semitone below A5 ) . So , until I 'm informed of a better tuning by an authoritative source , I 'm sticking with `` G-D-g '' . For Westerners , the unusual fret spacing and the corresponding notes used in the scale sound `` off '' or `` bad '' because they generally do not correspond to the notes of the 12TET ( 12-tone equal temperament ) system used on Western instruments like the guitar and the banjo . Many of the notes appear to be off ( either sharp or flat ) by about a quarter tone ( half a semitone ) . Because of this , many Western buyers of the qinqin feel disappointed in the instrument after buying them because the notes produced are not the ones expected . However , the human ear can be re-educated and street performers who play this instrument can produce very nice folk music with the instrument . So , unlike the pipa ( and some other Chinese instruments ) , the fret boards of most models of qinqins have not been modernized to support the 12TET standard . I have also come across a more traditionally designed qinqin built in Shanghai that , from its picture , looks like the fret layout corresponds to the Western 12TET standard and it has 12 frets per octave just like a guitar . A photo appears in one of the external links below . If the future fret layout of qinqins were left to me , I 'd fret it just like a mountain dulcimer or stick dulcimer , using the seven Mixolydian mode notes ( fret positions ) per octave plus fret 6.5 which allows Ionian mode ( major scale ) songs to also be played without having to re-tune the instrument . I feel the qinqin , with its banjo like sound box would make a great stick dulcimer if only they could work out the fret arrangement . The approximate bridge position of the `` floating '' ( movable ) bridge on the qinqin can be easily calculated by doubling the distance between the nut and the 7th fret . The 7th fret on the qinqin is an octave higher than open string . Since the distance between the nut and the 7th fret is about 11 inches , the bridge should be located about 22 inches from the nut . This means the bridge will be located about 60 % across the drum head , or 40 % before the tail end of the drum head . For more precise location , take a digital tuner and compare the notes produced on each string , first open string , and then stopped at the 7th fret . The bridge position should be slightly adjusted so the note produced is `` spot on '' ( but an octave different ) at both open string and stopped at fret 7 . Doing this for all three strings will usually result in a slight tilt to the bridge with the bass string maybe 1 or 2 mm longer than the treble string . This method is often employed with other floating bridge instruments like banjos , stick dulcimers and cigar box guitars . The 22-inch scale length of the qinqin makes it comparable to the tenor banjo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a2e4a3c4b5bf16c7e3a5b19720145300", "text": "Crosspicking Crosspicking is a technique for playing the mandolin or guitar using a plectrum or flatpick in a rolling , syncopated style across three strings . This style is probably best known as one element of the flatpicking style in bluegrass music , and it closely resembles a banjo roll , the main difference being that the banjo roll is fingerpicked rather than flatpicked . A typical element of the technique is the use of three pitches played repeatedly within a four-pulse rhythm . This results in a continual shifting of the pitches vis-a-vis the accented pulse . The three pitches are usually played on three adjacent strings -- one per string . The pick direction can vary , depending on the required emphasis and the melody . Mandolin player Jesse McReynolds used a crosspicking roll of down - up - up / down - up - up ... creating a repeating pattern of notes that expresses the melody . Guitarist George Shuffler used a pick pattern of down - down - up / down - down - up / down - up . The traditional banjo roll form is down - down - up / down - down - up / down - down - up ... ; this helps to accentuate the `` threes '' nature of the pattern against the `` four '' rhythm . The other way is using strict alternate picking : down - up - down / up - down - up / down - up - down ... . This may be more comfortable for players who are using alternate picking for most of their playing . In actuality , one ( or more ) of the three pitches may be varied from one repetition of the pattern to the next , for instance the top note could be toggled up and down one step .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0a3813928354bbdf1e3061c8f6cf50c4", "text": "Vibrato systems for guitar A variety of mechanical vibrato systems for guitar have been developed since the 1920 's . They are used to add vibrato to the sound by changing the tension of the strings , typically at the bridge or tailpiece of an electric guitar using a controlling lever ( often referred to as a whammy bar , vibrato arm/bar , or incorrectly as tremolo arm/bar ) . The lever enables the player to quickly vary the tension and sometimes the length of the strings temporarily , changing the pitch to create a vibrato , portamento or pitch bend effect . Instruments without this device have other bridge and tailpiece systems . The mechanical vibrato systems began as a device for more easily producing the vibrato effects that blues and jazz guitarists had long produced on arch top guitars by manipulating the tailpiece with their picking hand . However , it has also made many sounds possible that could not be produced by the old technique , such as the 1980s-era shred guitar `` dive bombing '' effect . Since the regular appearance of mechanical vibrato systems in the 1950s , they have been used by many guitarists , ranging from the gentle inflections of Chet Atkins , the exaggerated twang effects of Duane Eddy and the buoyant effects of surf music aficionados like The Ventures , The Shadows and Dick Dale . In the 1960s and 1970s , vibrato arms were used for more pronounced effects by Jimi Hendrix , Jeff Beck , David Gilmour , Ritchie Blackmore , Jimmy Page , and Frank Zappa . In the 1980s , shred guitar virtuosos such as Eddie Van Halen , Joe Satriani and Steve Vai , and metal guitarists such as Ritchie Blackmore and Kirk Hammett used the `` whammy bar '' in a range of metal-influenced styles . The pitch-bending effects , whether subtle inflections or exaggerated effects , have become an important part of many styles of electric guitar . Terje Rypdal , David Torn and David Duhig have added to the language and extended techniques of vibrato bar usage . Despite the common misnomer tremolo arm , these devices can not produce tremolo in the normal sense of the word , but can produce vibrato ; while some electronic `` vibrato units '' used by electric guitarists generally produce a tremolo effect , rather than vibrato . See `` Vibrato or Tremolo '' . Guitars equipped with any vibrato system can be harder to re-string , tune , and keep in tune than `` stop-tail '' ( fixed tailpiece ) guitars .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cf3767c42fefd9f1d1e0553648f525ca", "text": "Americana Americana are artifacts , or a collection of artifacts , related to the history , geography , folklore and cultural heritage of the United States . Many kinds of material fall within the definition of Americana : paintings , prints and drawings ; license plates or entire vehicles , household objects , tools and weapons ; flags , plaques and statues , and so on . Patriotism and nostalgia play defining roles in the subject . The things involved need not be old , but need to have the appropriate associations . The Atlantic described the term as `` slang for the comforting , middle-class ephemera at your average antique store -- things like needle-pointed pillows , Civil War daguerreotypes , and engraved silverware sets . '' The term may be used to describe the theme of a museum or collection , or of goods for sale . The term can also be used to describe studies of American culture , especially studies based in other countries . Americana music is contemporary music that incorporates elements of various American roots music styles , including country , roots-rock , folk , bluegrass and blues , resulting in a distinctive roots-oriented sound .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3bbb83a74a680664913e63d5a1fe7e47", "text": "Nick Strutt Nicholas Charles Strutt ( 8 October 1946 - 29 September 2009 ) , was a British country and folk musician . He was particularly noted for his mandolin playing , and worked and recorded with a number of well-known musicians of his time . Strutt first played banjo at the age of 15 and then mastered guitar , autoharp , mandolin and bass . In 1965 he relocated to Leeds and graduated from Leeds University in 1970 . Between 1966 and 1969 he played in a duo with Roger Knowles which featured regularly on radio , including the BBC 's Country Meets Folk , where they sometimes played with Brian Golbey and Pete Stanley as a four-piece unit . Strutt and Knowles played as support for Hank Snow and Willie Nelson on UK appearances , before their influences saw them turn more to seminal country rock . In 1970 Strutt turned fully professional , and between 1969 and 1971 he and Knowles played with Natchez Trace . In 1972 , they parted amicably with Knowles opting for more traditional music and Strutt favouring the contemporary . He had already joined Bob Pegg and Carole Pegg in the folk rock band Mr. Fox , and , after this highly rated but commercially unsuccessful unit 's demise , recorded two excellent duo albums with Bob Pegg . When folk rock waned , Strutt returned to country music , playing regularly around the northern country club scene . In the late 70s , he worked on production and played as a session musician for the now defunct Look label . Here he worked with many artists , especially with Mel Hague but also produced albums for folk singer Alex Campbell and country star Tommy Collins . In the early 80s , he turned more to old-time music again and often worked and recorded with Brian Golbey . He commented that `` with the advent of New Country , line dancing and blander performances , our picking and grinning style was regarded as a novelty . '' During the mid-80s , Strutt played part-time with various units , including a swing quartet , but returned full-time in 1990 . He began teaching guitar , mandolin and bass and appeared regularly with Hague 's band . He also played old-time music at regular venues with banjoist Tim Howard of the Muldoon Brothers . In 1994 , he began working with a trio called Finnegan 's Wake . Strutt acknowledged the influence of Bill Monroe and John Duffey but confessed : `` I was never any good at stealing licks accurately , so I made up my own ; copying any instrument I liked be it trumpet , dobro , clarinet or trombone . '' He used to run jam sessions in Leeds , which often featured 20 musicians on numerous different instruments . Nick Strutt died on 29 September 2009 at his home in Great Yarmouth , from liver failure . Nick spent a large portion of his life in Leeds , marrying Sue and having three children as well as attending university . His funeral took place in Leeds on Friday 16 October and was arranged by Sue and his three children Wezley , Bradley and Holly . The funeral service was held at St John 's church in Wortley followed by cremation at Lawnswood followed by Wake/Jam session at The Grove Inn which had enormous amount of family , friends , fellow musicians and people who just knew of him . In the year 2003 Nick Strutt made a temporary home for himself in the Shoulder Of Mutton in Castleford . This temporary home lasted 3 years where he was much loved for playing his music in the pub . Nick Strutt made many friends within the area and decided to form a band which they called ` Steal Away ' . The band consisted of : Nick Strutt on mandolin ( Backing vocals ) Stevie Mac on Guitar ( Lead Vocalist ) Graham Hall on Fiddle Steve Parker on Bass Guitar ( Backing vocals ) Steal Away got gigs straight away and was becoming a very successful band . 3 years later Nick Strutt moved down to Caistor & Hemsby .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ac87d042653a563032d9bc554182f7f", "text": "Tapping Tapping is a guitar playing technique where a string is fretted and set into vibration as part of a single motion of being pushed onto the fretboard , as opposed to the standard technique being fretted with one hand and picked with the other . It incorporates the techniques of hammer-on and pull-off , but these are usually only performed by the fretting hand , and in conjunction with conventionally picked notes , whereas tap passages involve both hands and consist of only tapped , hammered and pulled notes . Some players ( such as Stanley Jordan ) rely extensively or exclusively on tapping . Tapping is also called tap style ( tapstyle ) , touch-style , and two-handed tapping , though the latter is somewhat of a misnomer as `` one-handed tapping '' is equivalent to the common hammer-on . Tapping is the primary methodology intended for some instruments such as the Chapman Stick and is the alternative method for the Warr Guitar and others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57e32015d6f55a327db7f712fda606fb", "text": "Double bass The double bass , or simply the bass ( and numerous other names ) , is the largest and lowest-pitched bowed string instrument in the modern symphony orchestra . It is a transposing instrument and is typically notated one octave higher than sounding to avoid excessive ledger lines below the staff . The double bass is the only modern bowed string instrument that is tuned in fourths ( like a viol ) , rather than fifths , with strings usually tuned to E1 , A1 , D2 and G2 . The instrument 's exact lineage is still a matter of some debate , with scholars divided on whether the bass is derived from the viol or the violin family . The double bass is a standard member of the orchestra 's string section , as well as the concert band , and is featured in concertos , solo and chamber music in Western classical music . The bass is used in a range of other genres , such as jazz , 1950s-style blues and rock and roll , rockabilly , psychobilly , traditional country music , bluegrass , tango and many types of folk music . The double bass is played either with a bow ( arco ) or by plucking the strings ( pizzicato ) . In orchestral repertoire and tango music , both arco and pizzicato are employed . In jazz , blues , and rockabilly , pizzicato is the norm . Classical music uses just the natural sound produced acoustically by the instrument ; so does traditional bluegrass . In jazz , blues , and related genres , the bass is typically amplified with an amplifier and speaker .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "6f4ee950d445a881b0ffc4fe2e388fad", "text": "Formula One Formula One ( also Formula 1 or F1 and officially the FIA Formula One World Championship ) is the highest class of single-seat auto racing that is sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile ( FIA ) . The FIA Formula One World Championship has been the premier form of racing since the inaugural season in 1950 , although other Formula One races were regularly held until 1983 . The `` formula '' , designated in the name , refers to a set of rules , to which all participants ' cars must conform . The F1 season consists of a series of races , known as Grands Prix ( from French , meaning grand prizes ) , held worldwide on purpose-built F1 circuits and public roads . The results of each race are evaluated using a points system to determine two annual World Championships , one for drivers , one for constructors . The racing drivers are required to be holders of valid Super Licences , the highest class of racing licence issued by the FIA . The races are required to be held on tracks graded 1 ( formerly A ) , the highest grade a track can receive by the FIA . Most events are held in rural locations on purpose-built tracks , but there are several events in city centres throughout the world , with the Monaco Grand Prix being the most famous example . Formula One cars are the fastest road course racing cars in the world , owing to very high cornering speeds achieved through the generation of large amounts of aerodynamic downforce . Formula One cars race at speeds of up to approximately 375 km/h with engines currently limited in performance to a maximum of 15,000 rpm . The cars are capable of lateral acceleration in excess of six g in corners . The performance of the cars is very dependent on electronicsalthough traction control and other driving aids have been banned since 2008and on aerodynamics , suspension , and tyres . The formula has radically evolved and changed through the history of the sport . While Europe is the sport 's traditional base , and hosts about half of each year 's races , the sport 's scope has expanded significantly and an increasing number of Grands Prix are held on other continents . F1 had a total global television audience of 425 million people during the course of the 2014 season . Grand Prix racing began in 1906 and became the most popular type internationally in the second half of the twentieth century . The Formula One Group is the legal holder of the commercial rights . With the cost of designing and building mid-tier cars being of the order of $ 120 million , Formula One 's economic effect and creation of jobs are significant , and its financial and political battles are widely reported . Its high profile and popularity have created a major merchandising environment , which has resulted in great investments from sponsors and budgets in the hundreds of millions for the constructors . Since 2000 the sport 's spiralling expenditures and the distribution of prize money favouring established top teams have forced complaints from smaller teams and led several teams to bankruptcy . On 8 September 2016 it was announced that Liberty Media Corp. had agreed to buy Delta Topco , the company that controls Formula One , from private equity firm CVC Capital Partners for $ 4.4 billion in cash , stock and convertible debt . On 23 January 2017 it was confirmed that Liberty Media had completed its $ 8 billion acquisition of Delta Topco .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "9af429c33690993f3e7fd3d126355d0c", "text": "1991 Formula One season The 1991 Formula One season was the 45th season of FIA Formula One motor racing . It featured the 1991 FIA Formula One World Championship , which commenced on 10 March 1991 and ended on 3 November after sixteen races . Ayrton Senna won his third and last Drivers ' World Championship and McLaren-Honda won the Constructors ' Championship . Senna 's main title challenger was Nigel Mansell at Williams , who won five races on his return to the team compared to Senna 's seven . Senna 's fierce rival Alain Prost failed to win a race with Ferrari in stark contrast to his title challenge the year before and left the team even before the end of the season . 1991 also saw the debuts of future world champions Michael Schumacher and Mika Häkkinen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "09d55bf6a9475192f857e93835c9166f", "text": "1964 Mexican Grand Prix The 1964 Mexican Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at the Ciudad Deportiva Magdalena Mixhuca in Mexico City on October 25 , 1964 . It was the final round of the 1964 Formula One season . It was perhaps the most dramatic finale in the history of the Formula One World Championship . Championship points could only be scored by the first six place finishers ( 9-6-4-3-2-1 ) . Arriving to the race , three drivers had a chance of winning the title : Graham Hill ( BRM ) with 39 points , John Surtees ( Ferrari ) with 34 points and Jim Clark ( Lotus-Climax ) with 30 points . In order to win the title Clark had to win the race and hope that John Surtees would finish not higher than third and Graham Hill not higher than fourth . Surtees could only win the title by finishing first , in each case , or second , unless Hill finished as high as third . The race began with Clark leading from pole position with Dan Gurney running second in the Brabham-Climax ( Gurney had only ten points going into this race having won the French Grand Prix and scored a sixth place at the Belgian Grand Prix ) . Hill and Lorenzo Bandini , Surtees ' teammate at Ferrari , were duelling for third place with Surtees running a distant fifth , seemingly with no chance at winning the title . Then Bandini ran into the back of Hill 's car causing him to spin and lose a few places . Thereafter Hill 's car ran with a crimped exhaust pipe causing him to lose power . The championship was now firmly in Clark 's grasp . If the positions remained the same , he would be champion with four victories to Hill 's two victories , although they would be tied on points at 39 . But on the penultimate lap , Clark 's engine seized and the positions were now Gurney-Bandini-Surtees . The title was back in Hill 's grasp . Realizing that Surtees could win the title by finishing second , the Ferrari team manager frantically signalled Bandini to slow down as he passed the pits to enter the last lap so as to let Surtees through . Bandini dutifully did so and Surtees finished second , thus winning the World Championship by one point over Hill ( 40 to 39 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d2528cab7de2e455229e4e9ddc8049dc", "text": "Microprocessor A microprocessor is a computer processor which incorporates the functions of a computer 's central processing unit ( CPU ) on a single integrated circuit ( IC ) , or at most a few integrated circuits . The microprocessor is a multipurpose , clock driven , register based , digital-integrated circuit which accepts binary data as input , processes it according to instructions stored in its memory , and provides results as output . Microprocessors contain both combinational logic and sequential digital logic . Microprocessors operate on numbers and symbols represented in the binary numeral system . The integration of a whole CPU onto a single chip or on a few chips greatly reduced the cost of processing power , increasing efficiency . Integrated circuit processors are produced in large numbers by highly automated processes resulting in a low per unit cost . Single-chip processors increase reliability as there are many fewer electrical connections to fail . As microprocessor designs get better , the cost of manufacturing a chip ( with smaller components built on a semiconductor chip the same size ) generally stays the same . Before microprocessors , small computers had been built using racks of circuit boards with many medium - and small-scale integrated circuits . Microprocessors combined this into one or a few large-scale ICs . Continued increases in microprocessor capacity have since rendered other forms of computers almost completely obsolete ( see history of computing hardware ) , with one or more microprocessors used in everything from the smallest embedded systems and handheld devices to the largest mainframes and supercomputers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a3525de4ace8d20f4efa43783be80702", "text": "Indianapolis 500 pace cars The Indianapolis 500 auto race has used a pace car every year since 1911 . The pace car is utilized for two primary purposes . At the start of the race , the pace car leads the assembled starting grid around the track for a predetermined number of unscored warm-up laps . Then if the officials deem appropriate , it releases the field at a purposeful speed to start the race . In addition , during yellow flag caution periods , the pace car enters the track and picks up the leader , bunching the field up at a reduced speed . Prior to the first `` 500 '' in 1911 , in the interest of safety , Indianapolis Motor Speedway founder Carl G. Fisher is commonly credited with the concept of a `` rolling start '' led by a pace car . Nearly all races at the time , as well as all Formula One races even to the present , utilize a standing start . In almost every year since 1936 , it has been a tradition that the winner of the Indianapolis 500 be presented with one of that year 's pace cars ( or a replica ) . In most years since 1911 , the driver of the pace car at the start of the race has been an invited celebrity , a former racing driver , or notable figure in the automotive industry . Historically , the honor of supplying the pace car was , and continues to be , a coveted honor by the respective automobile manufactures and a marketing showcase for the particular make/model .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "338f6f7f5560f637ade058a10e1fa622", "text": "2008 German Grand Prix The 2008 German Grand Prix ( formally the LXIX Großer Preis Santander von Deutschland ) was a Formula One motor race held on 20 July 2008 at the Hockenheimring , Hockenheim , Germany . It was the 10th race of the 2008 Formula One season and was contested over 67 laps . It was won by Lewis Hamilton for the McLaren team after starting from pole position . Nelson Piquet Jr. finished second for Renault , with Felipe Massa third for Ferrari . Hamilton maintained his startline advantage and led until he made his first pit stop on lap 18 . As other cars made their pit stops , Hamilton regained the lead on lap 22 . On lap 36 , Timo Glock crashed , and the race was neutralized by the deployment of the safety car . Hamilton , on a two-stop strategy , did not stop to get more fuel during this period , while all the cars around him did . Thus , when he did eventually stop on lap 50 , he rejoined the race in fifth position . In the closing stages of the race , Hamilton first overtook his teammate Heikki Kovalainen , then Massa , and finally Piquet , whilst also gaining a position due to Nick Heidfeld 's late pit stop . This allowed him to take the lead again on lap 60 , which he maintained to win the race . The victory was Hamilton 's second consecutive win , having won the preceding British Grand Prix at Silverstone . The win also put him ahead of his two main rivals in the Drivers ' Championship , Kimi Räikkönen ( who finished sixth ) and Massa , who were on equal points with him before the race . After the race he was four points ahead of Massa , and seven ahead of Räikkönen . In the Constructors ' Championship , McLaren drew closer to the two teams ahead of them , BMW Sauber and Ferrari . Ferrari still led by 15 points from McLaren , and 12 from BMW , whose drivers -- Nick Heidfeld and Robert Kubica -- finished fourth and seventh respectively .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9cc999fab3a7b437cd9b76cd4877c108", "text": "Lewis Hamilton Lewis Carl Davidson Hamilton , MBE ( born 7 January 1985 ) is a British Formula One racing driver from England , currently racing for the Mercedes AMG Petronas team . A three-time Formula One World Champion , he is regarded by fellow and former drivers as one of the greatest Formula One drivers in the history of the sport . He won his first title with McLaren in 2008 before moving to Mercedes , where he won back-to-back titles in 2014 and 2015 . In December 1995 , at the age of ten , he approached McLaren team principal Ron Dennis at the Autosport Awards ceremony and told him , `` I want to race for you one day ... I want to race for McLaren . '' Less than three years later McLaren and Mercedes-Benz signed him to their Young Driver Support Programme . After winning the British Formula Renault , Formula Three Euroseries , and GP2 championships on his way up the racing career ladder , he drove for McLaren in 2007 , making his Formula One debut 12 years after his initial encounter with Dennis . Hamilton 's contract for the McLaren driver development program made him the youngest ever driver to secure a contract which later resulted in a Formula One drive . Coming from a mixed background , with a black father and white mother , Hamilton is the first black driver to race in Formula One . Hamilton commented on this , saying `` The way I see it , my colour is an advantage in that it 's something people talk about '' , `` Being the first black man does n't matter much to me personally , but for the sport itself it probably means quite a lot . '' In his first season in Formula One , Hamilton set numerous records while finishing second in the 2007 Formula One Championship , just one point behind Kimi Räikkönen . He won the World Championship the following season in dramatic fashion , becoming the then-youngest Formula One World Champion in history before Sebastian Vettel broke the record two years later . Following his second world title in 2014 , he was named BBC Sports Personality of the Year . In 2015 , he became the first British driver in history to win consecutive F1 titles , and the second British driver to win three titles after Jackie Stewart . He also became the first English driver to reach that milestone . He is the first driver in the history of F1 to have made the podium after starting 20th place or lower at least 3 times . He is the only driver in the history of the sport to have won at least one race in each season he has competed to date , with McLaren from 2007 until 2012 , and with Mercedes since 2013 . He has more race victories than any other British driver in the history of Formula One . His Grand Prix victories is the second highest of all-time having surpassed Alain Prost 's total of 51 at the 2016 Brazilian Grand Prix , behind only Michael Schumacher at 91 . Hamilton also holds the record for most wins in the season without winning the World Championship , after winning 10 times in the 2016 season where he finished runner-up to teammate Nico Rosberg .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "83715f2187baea0bb826895f46986de3", "text": "Endurance racing (motorsport) Endurance racing is a form of motorsport racing which is meant to test the durability of equipment and endurance of participants . Teams of multiple drivers attempt to cover a large distance in a single event , with participants given a break with the ability to change during the race . Endurance races can be run either to cover a set distance in laps as quickly as possible , or to cover as much distance as possible over a preset amount of time . One of the more common lengths of endurance races has been running for 1000 km , or roughly six hours . Longer races can run for 1000 mi , 12 hours , or even 24 hours . Teams can consist of anywhere from two to four drivers per event , which is dependent on the driver 's endurance abilities , length of the race , or even the rules for each event .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "68a6550367d10f829d563d6646e345fc", "text": "Vehicular automation Vehicular automation involves the use of mechatronics , artificial intelligence , and multi-agent system to assist a vehicle 's operator . These features and the vehicles employing them may be labeled as intelligent or smart . A vehicle using automation for difficult tasks , especially navigation , may be referred to as semi-autonomous . A vehicle relying solely on automation is consequently referred to as robotic or autonomous . After the invention of the integrated circuit , the sophistication of automation technology increased . Manufacturers and researchers subsequently added a variety of automated functions to automobiles and other vehicles .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87ab7222190b8ad36c5369963a1b8b95", "text": "BAR 002 The BAR 002 was the car with which the British American Racing Formula One team competed in the 2000 Formula One season . It was driven by the 1997 World Champion Jacques Villeneuve , and Brazilian Ricardo Zonta , both drivers in their second year with the team . The car proved a reassuringly competent runner after the 1999 disaster ; the team 's début season in which it embarrassingly failed to score any points . Villeneuve scored seven points finishes , whilst Zonta backed him up with three . However , the number two driver was dropped at the end of the year to make way for Olivier Panis , who had spent the season as McLaren 's test driver . The year also marked the inaugural season of a Honda engine supply , a partnership which would eventually lead to the team being bought out by the Japanese company for the 2006 season . The team eventually finished fifth in the Constructors ' Championship , with 20 points . This tally was equal to the Benetton team , but Giancarlo Fisichella 's podium finishes ensured that the Anglo-Italian team stayed ahead .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a64a93993b0dbd77a4be5c44d20e2e6b", "text": "Lotus 87 The Lotus 87 was a Formula One racing car used by Team Lotus in the second part of the 1981 Formula One season and in the first race of the 1982 season . The car , driven by Italian Elio de Angelis and future world champion Nigel Mansell , was another step in Lotus ' development of ground effect cars . Its predecessor , the Lotus 81 had proven to suffer from a chassis that was not rigid enough , compared to the dominant Williams FW07 . Lotus therefore introduced a new chassis , built out of carbon fibre and reinforced by kevlar sheets , since the team felt carbon fibre alone would not be sufficient to provide the chassis with the stability needed . As the John Barnard-designed McLaren MP4/1 would prove , this was a miscalculation . The chassis was originally planned for the ambitious twin-chassis Lotus 88 , but after the car was outlawed , it was hastily rebuilt to become the more conservative 87 . The car was not competitive enough to fight for victories , even though the drivers did manage to get some points . When the new turbo charged engines of Renault and Ferrari became more reliable , the car proved to be yet still too heavy and was replaced by a lighter 87B specification for the opening round of 1982 . It was subsequently replaced altogether by the Lotus 91 , which proved more competitive , recording a podium in its first outing in Brazil .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "58e6f820fba601ac1babe1b942b347dc", "text": "2015 Monaco Grand Prix The 2015 Monaco Grand Prix , formally known as the Grand Prix de Monaco 2015 , was a Formula One motor race that was held on 24 May 2015 at the Circuit de Monaco , a street circuit that runs through the principality of Monaco . It was the sixty-second running of the race as a World Championship event , and seventy-third running overall . Mercedes driver Lewis Hamilton entered the race with a twenty-point lead over teammate and defending race winner Nico Rosberg in the Drivers ' Championship , with Mercedes having a seventy-point lead over Ferrari in the Constructors ' Championship . World Champion Lewis Hamilton secured his first ever Monaco pole position during Saturday 's qualifying . In the race , Nico Rosberg took his third consecutive win at Monaco , second win of the season , and the tenth of his career , while Sebastian Vettel finished second . Championship leader Hamilton , who had led for most of the race , moved from first into third place following a `` pit stop misjudgement '' during a late safety car period , for which his team , Mercedes , later apologised . The renewed McLaren-Honda partnership scored its first points since Honda 's return to the sport . With Rosberg 's victory , he was able to reduce his deficit in the World Drivers ' Championship to ten points .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f4d4bb8a28ff34ec62910e15ac8abb9e", "text": "Automobile handling Automobile handling and vehicle handling are descriptions of the way a wheeled vehicle responds and reacts to the inputs of a driver , as well as how it moves along a track or road . It is commonly judged by how a vehicle performs particularly during cornering , acceleration , and braking as well as on the vehicle 's directional stability when moving in steady state condition . In the automotive industry , handling and braking are the major components of a vehicle 's `` active '' safety , as well as its ability to perform in Auto Racing . The maximum lateral acceleration is sometimes discussed separately as `` road holding '' . ( This discussion is directed at road vehicles with at least three wheels , but some of it may apply to other ground vehicles ) . Automobiles driven on public roads whose engineering requirements emphasize handling over comfort and passenger space are named sports cars .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7920df1167826b7aa6a75b3408609664", "text": "1972 Formula One season The 1972 Formula One season was the 26th season of the FIA 's Formula One motor racing . It featured the 23rd World Championship of Drivers , the 15th International Cup for F1 Manufacturers and numerous non-championship Formula One races . The World Championship season commenced on 23 January and ended on 8 October after twelve races . For 1972 Team Lotus focused again on the type 72 chassis . Imperial Tobacco continued its sponsorship of the team under its new John Player Special brand . The cars , now often referred to as ` JPS ' , were fielded in a new black and gold livery . Lotus took the championship by surprise in 1972 with 25-year-old Brazilian driver Emerson Fittipaldi who became the youngest world champion at that point . Stewart came second in the championship . This was the first year where all the races were run on circuits with safety features on them , and considerable progress had been made since 1968 , the last year where all races were run on circuits with no safety features . The British Racing Motors ( BRM ) team took its last victory when Jean-Pierre Beltoise won the rain-affected 1972 Monaco Grand Prix in a BRM P160 . The Dutch Grand Prix was cancelled this year because of safety arrangements that were not completed for the race . It was supposed to be held between the Belgian and French Grand Prix 's at the usual location , Zandvoort . Also , a second American motor race called the United States Grand Prix West , originally supposed to be held in April at the Ontario Motor Speedway near Los Angeles , was cancelled . The Mexican Grand Prix was scheduled to be the last race of the season , but it was cancelled after local interest dissipated after the death of Pedro Rodríguez .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "19a6cb17590b1a482f6e55da389ed27b", "text": "Williams FW26 The Williams FW26 is a Formula One racing car designed and built by Williams F1 for the 2004 Formula One season . The design team was led by Patrick Head , Gavin Fisher and Antonia Terzi . It was driven by Ralf Schumacher and Juan Pablo Montoya and proved to be one of the most attention grabbing cars of the season . The FW26 was powered by a BMW 3.0 V10 engine , one of the most powerful in F1 at the time . Williams had finished 2003 with arguably the strongest package overall , and great expectation was on the team to win both titles in 2004 , having come so close the previous year . To this end , Head supervised the car with the aim of being on the pace immediately , whilst his design team came up with a revolutionary aerodynamics package . The car featured a radical front section , nicknamed the ` Walrus nose ' . It featured a short , stubby nosecone connected to the front wing by sloping vertical spars which allowed more airflow to the underside of the car . In an effort to maximise the airflow , the front suspension was designed around the twin keel principle , pioneered by Sauber and also used by McLaren and Jordan . The FW26 proved fast in pre-season testing and Montoya was tipped as a title favourite , but during the season proper the car proved difficult to set up and was inconsistent , with Montoya and Schumacher both struggling to maximise the car 's potential . The car was genuinely outpaced by the Renaults and BARs of that time , as well as the Byrne/Brawn-designed Ferrari F2004 , which dominated much of the season . This meant the team was largely in the upper midpack among the competition this year , but not in contention for the title . The mid-season was especially barren . The cars were disqualified from second and fifth-place finishes in Canada for running brakes that infringed the technical regulations , and Schumacher suffered a heavy crash at Indianapolis , sidelining him for three months . His replacements , Marc Gené and Antônio Pizzonia could do little with the car and it was left to Montoya to defend Williams 's honour . The team redesigned the front end of the car in time for the Hungarian Grand Prix and fitted the car with a more conventional nosecone . This helped bring an upsurge of competitiveness to the car and gave Montoya a needed boost . It was with this configuration that Montoya set the all-time fastest F1 lap in pre-qualifying at Monza , almost 163 mph average . This does not stand as a lap record as it was not set during the race . He rounded off the season with a win in Brazil , whilst the returning Schumacher put in strong drives in Japan and China . They eventually finished fourth in the constructors standings , just behind Renault , making 2004 the worst season for Williams since 1999 . Both drivers left at the end of the season , and the replacement FW27 was designed to be a far more conventional car for the following year . Following Montoya 's win in Brazil , Williams would not score another until eight years later at the 2012 Spanish Grand Prix , which was won by Pastor Maldonado in the FW34 . The FW26 was the last Williams Formula One car that was designed under the supervision of longtime Williams technical director Patrick Head .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b20c443ba424ac04bc96f370c7d44bdf", "text": "F1 2000 (disambiguation) F1 2000 may refer to : The 2000 Formula One season , the 51st FIA Formula One World Championship season EA Sports F1 2000 , a video game by EA based on the above F1 season released as part of the EA Sports F1 Series Formula One 2000 ( video game ) , a video game by Psygnosis , based on the above F1 season F1 Championship Season 2000 , a video game by EA Sports , based on the above F1 season", "title": "" }, { "docid": "edf726d15753b352bab9360ac3123a05", "text": "European Formula Two Championship The European Formula Two Championship was a Formula Two motor racing series that was held between 1967 -- 84 . The races were held across Europe , and were contested both by drivers aiming to compete in Formula One in the future as well as current Formula One drivers wishing to practice . The series was sanctioned by the FIA , motorsports world governing body . In order to prevent the series being dominated by Formula One drivers , the grading system was introduced where successful Formula One drivers and recent Formula Two champions were not eligible to score championship points if they competed in a round of the European Formula Two Championship . Towards the end of the series life , the number of entrants diminished and declining interest meant that it was replaced by the Formula 3000 class following the 1984 season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3394ad45d3473c64a6d0da14f2458e74", "text": "Formula One Championship Edition Formula One Championship Edition is a racing video game , developed by SCE Studio Liverpool and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation 3 . The game follows the basic structure of Formula One 06 for the PlayStation 2 and PlayStation Portable . The main differences include the updated visuals for the PS3 including a lot more detail , Sixaxis compatibility , real time reflections , car reflections on wet circuits and new wet weather effects . It was announced early in development that the safety car would be included in the game for the first time in an F1 game since Formula One 99 for the PlayStation . However , it was removed before the final release along with the PSP wing mirror integration shown at E3 . The game also boasts dynamic weather , and improved AI . The AI system is called `` Live Action Racing '' where one can pressure the opposition , causing them to make little mistakes such as running wide on corners , causing them to crash into other cars or spin off the road of their own accord . The AI will then try to seek opportunities to pass the player in a realistic manner . The game is based on the early 2006 F1 season . Hence , Yuji Ide drives for Super Aguri when in reality he lost his super licence just 4 races into the '06 season , and Franck Montagny , then later Sakon Yamamoto took his seat . Other minor changes throughout the real 2006 season are also not represented . In the career mode , players begin by running tests for one of three teams ( Toro Rosso , Super Aguri or Midland F1 ) at either the Silverstone , Magny Cours or Catalunya circuits . The tests given vary between the teams . When the player successfully completes the tests , they are given the role of test driver or race driver , depending on how well the player performed in the test . After performing well as a test driver , the player will become the second driver of the team . From there the player can compete in race weekends through many different roles . As a test driver the player will try out different car settings in practice , and as a driver the player will have track position targets to meet to keep the seat . The player 's performances are subject to review at several points during the season . The initial release did not include force-feedback support , which is considered by many to be an important feature for simulation racing games used with driving wheel controllers . A subsequent update in early 2008 added force feedback . The game also lacks support for 1080i or 1080p output resolutions . Per the calendar , the Belgian Grand Prix is not included . The game 's cover in the North America version ( as seen on the right ) features Fernando Alonso ( the defending world champion at that time in 2006 ) who drove for the Renault team , Jenson Button who drove for the Honda team and David Coulthard who drove for the Red Bull Racing team . Like previous games , it featured in-game commentary from then ITV F1 commentators Martin Brundle and James Allen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5d285cd4823b02f894aba46722065315", "text": "1998 Italian Grand Prix The 1998 Italian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Monza on 13 September 1998 . The race was won by Michael Schumacher . This was also the last win for tyre manufacturer Goodyear in Formula One . It was a dramatic race , Häkkinen got a blinding start pushing his way past Jacques Villeneuve and Michael Schumacher on the front row , at same time it was a dreadful start for Schumacher who fell down to 5th , soon after he passed Villeneuve for 4th then Irvine for 3rd . Häkkinen was struggling with a developing brake issue soon after and he waved his team mate Coulthard through , but soon after Coulthard 's engine blew and seconds later Schumacher , who had caught Häkkinen , passed the Finn when Häkkinen had adjusted his brake bias forwards to cope with the brake problem and ran wide due to the smoke from Coulthard 's engine . Villeneuve running very low downforce soon spun out of the race , and Häkkinen started catching Schumacher again . Häkkinen was just three seconds behind with a handful of laps remaining , but then his rear brakes failed , sending him into a wild spin at the Roggia chicane . He was able to keep his engine running and kept going , but at the beginning of the next lap he went off again at the first Rettifilo chicane , and Irvine reeled him in and took 2nd off him . Soon after Ralf Schumacher caught and over took Häkkinen who was able to limp home in 4th . It was jubliant scenes for the Italian crowd as Michael Schumacher came home first and his Ferrari team mate Eddie Irvine took second with Ralf Schumacher 3rd , meaning the Jordan team had finished on all three podium places in two races . Michael Schumacher was now level on points with Mika Häkkinen going into the Nürburgring , the penultimate round .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7839538f2db6efd162e2024eac1be6e3", "text": "NASCAR 09 NASCAR 09 is the twelfth installment in the EA Sports NASCAR series , it is the sequel to 2007 game NASCAR 08 . It is developed by EA Tiburon and released on the PlayStation 2 , PlayStation 3 , Xbox 360 and mobile phones in North America on June 10 , 2008 . On March 12 , 2008 , EA announced Jeff Gordon as the cover athlete for NASCAR 09 . Through the career mode , `` Chase for the NASCAR Sprint Cup '' , Gordon leads a mentoring program , a new feature offered in NASCAR 09 . This is also the third EA Sports NASCAR video game to appear on a handheld system for Mobile phone version . In October 2007 , Electronic Arts moved the PlayStation 2 game development to a new studio in North Carolina to be able to get better information with the NASCAR teams in an attempt to improve the game . The PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 versions of the game were still made at the old studio . Due to the development team using certain resources to work on key features in the game , no car manufacturers were present in this year 's title . This is the last NASCAR game to be produced by EA for the original platforms . In 2009 , NASCAR Kart Racing was released , replacing any 2009 installment for the annual series . It was EA 's last game before their exclusive license with NASCAR expired . Yet the door to NASCAR games for the PlayStation 2 has been shut , as Polyphony Digital 's Gran Turismo 5 was not featured for the sixth-generation console . For game players in Canada , while the game was still released only in English , the instruction manual and box cover were bilingual , with text in both English and French .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a6b9c6ea3a693796359e223fece1a4e9", "text": "Bahrain Grand Prix The Bahrain Grand Prix is a Formula One Championship race in Bahrain sponsored by Gulf Air . The first race took place at the Bahrain International Circuit on 4 April 2004 . It made history as the first Formula One Grand Prix to be held in the Middle East , and was given the award for the `` Best Organised Grand Prix '' by the FIA . The Bahrain Grand Prix has usually been the third race of the Formula One calendar . However , in the 2006 season , Bahrain swapped places with the traditional opener , the Australian Grand Prix , which was pushed back to avoid a clash with the Commonwealth Games . In 2010 , Bahrain staged the opening race of the 2010 season and the cars drove the full 6.299 km `` Endurance Circuit '' to celebrate F1 's ` diamond jubilee ' . The 2011 Grand Prix , due to be held on 13 March , was cancelled on 21 February due to the 2011 Bahraini protests after drivers including Damon Hill and Mark Webber had protested . Human rights activists called for a cancellation of 2012 race due to reports of alleged human rights abuses committed by the Bahraini authorities . Team personnel also voiced concerns about safety , but the race , nonetheless , was held as planned on 22 April 2012 . In 2014 , to commemorate the tenth anniversary of the first staging of the Bahrain Grand Prix , the race was held as a night event under floodlights . In so doing it became the second Formula One night race after the Singapore Grand Prix in 2008 . Bahrain 's inaugural night event was won by Lewis Hamilton . Subsequent races have also been night races . Shortly after the Formula One February 2014 testing , Grand Prix organizers for Bahrain announced a decision to name the first corner of the iconic track after former seven-time champion German driver Michael Schumacher in honour of his achievements and also in support after the driver suffered an almost fatal skiing accident late December 2013 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "240d87b84d6cf99689b4fa2924273be7", "text": "Tall Story Tall Story is a 1960 American romantic comedy film made by Warner Bros. , directed by Joshua Logan and starring Anthony Perkins with Jane Fonda , in her first screen role , at the age of 22 . It is based on the 1957 novel `` The Homecoming Game '' by Howard Nemerov , which was the basis of a successful 1959 Broadway play , called Tall Story , by the writing team of Howard Lindsay and Russel Crouse . The film was a considerable departure from Logan 's previous two projects , the drama Sayonara , which won multiple Academy Awards , and the blockbuster South Pacific and was Robert Redford 's first film ever , where he played an uncredited basketball player . Tall Story is a farcical social satire of American campus life , making fun of the way college life can become a marriage market for some students . Fonda portrays a character who is the complete opposite of the independent liberated woman she later personified .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "2144185d8a05f6645bbf4cd82420a541", "text": "Ash Brannon Ash Brannon ( born 1969 in Columbus , Georgia ) is an American animator , writer and director . He was a story artist and directing animator on Toy Story and co-director on Toy Story 2 . Besides working at Pixar he has also worked with DreamWorks Animation on Over the Hedge and Sony Pictures Animation on Surf 's Up . Brannon studied visual arts at Douglas Anderson School of the Arts in Jacksonville , Florida for high school and went on to CalArts for further education . Studying in CalArts Character Animation program , Brannon likewise practiced his skills in animation as a trainee for Disney Animation 's 1989 film The Little Mermaid . From 1990-92 . In the meantime , Brannon served as an animator for such projects as Nike 's Hare Jordan Super Bowl ad in 1992 and the television series That 's Warner Bros. ! . He won an Annie Award for Outstanding Individual Achievement for Directing in an Animated Feature Production and Outstanding Individual Achievement for Writing in an Animated Feature Production on Toy Story 2 . He was also nominated for an Oscar in 2007 on Surf 's Up . According to the Toy Story 2 DVD audio commentary , Al McWhiggin 's license plate `` LZTYBRN , '' is Brannon 's actual license plate .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d515fa8355ad84f864b066ab9d157c1f", "text": "The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (film) The Curious Case of Benjamin Button is a 2008 American romantic fantasy drama film directed by David Fincher . The storyline by Eric Roth and Robin Swicord is loosely based on the 1922 short story of the same name by F. Scott Fitzgerald . The film stars Brad Pitt as a man who ages in reverse and Cate Blanchett as the love interest throughout his life . The film was released in North America on December 25 , 2008 to positive reviews . The film went on to receive thirteen Academy Award nominations , including Best Picture , Best Director for Fincher , Best Actor for Pitt and Best Supporting Actress for Taraji P. Henson , and won three , for Best Art Direction , Best Makeup , and Best Visual Effects .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b4f944c32c39aad75c68892a16831ae0", "text": "L.A. Story (song) L.A. Story is a song by American rapper Sammy Adams . The song was released on May 28 , 2013 through RCA Records . The song features American pop singer Mike Posner . The song was written by Sammy Adams , Mike Posner , Ryan Tedder , Noel Zancanella and Oren Yoel . Tedder and Zancanella also produced the song .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e1ccefd5507150188209ef917cc1bfee", "text": "A Single Woman (film) A Single Woman is a 2008 film made by Nevada Shakespeare Company and Heroica Films . It was directed by Kamala Lopez and produced by Cameron Crain , Richard Shelgren and Kamala Lopez . The screenplay was by Jeanmarie Simpson based on her play with the same title .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e496a5f86a5f311e4a46f1f6756565d8", "text": "The Tall Man: Death and Life on Palm Island The Tall Man : Death and Life on Palm Island is a 2008 book by Chloe Hooper . It is about the events surrounding the death in custody of Australian Aboriginal , Cameron Doomadgee .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5f4c32797741a74c1b25fa6d76b95ed", "text": "Toy Story (franchise) Toy Story is a computer animated film series and Disney media franchise that began with the original 1995 film , Toy Story , produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures . The franchise is based on the anthropomorphic concept that all toys , unknown to humans , are secretly alive , and the films focus on a diverse group of toys that feature a classic cowboy , Sheriff Woody , and modern spaceman , Buzz Lightyear . The group unexpectedly embark on adventures that challenge and change them . The first two films of the franchise were directed by John Lasseter , and the third by Lee Unkrich , who acted as the co-director of the second film ( together with Lasseter and Ash Brannon ) . Lasseter will return to direct the upcoming fourth film . All three films , produced on a total budget of $ 320 million , have grossed more than $ 1.9 billion worldwide . Each film set box office records , with the third included in the top 15 all time worldwide films . Critics have given all three films extremely positive reviews . Special Blu-ray and DVD editions of Toy Story and Toy Story 2 were released on March 23 , 2010 . They were also re-released in theaters as a Disney Digital 3-D `` double feature '' for at least two weeks in October 2009 . The series is the 24th highest-grossing franchise worldwide , the fifth highest-grossing animated franchise ( behind Shrek , Ice Age , Despicable Me and Madagascar ) , and is among the most critically acclaimed trilogies of all time . On November 1 , 2011 , all three Toy Story films were released in Disney Blu-ray 3D as a trilogy pack and as individual films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9eb383bcb451e30a12a869d4890c12f9", "text": "Jacob Hopkins Jacob Turner Hopkins ( born March 4 , 2002 in San Francisco , California ) is an American actor . He is known for playing the role as Alexander Drew in True Blood , and for playing the voice of Gumball ( second for series , third overall ) , in The Amazing World of Gumball , replacing Logan Grove starting from season 3 . However , in mid-season 5 , he was replaced by Nicolas Cantu , whereas his voice had changed by then .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aeae9a32656b3843d5450e9a0bd392ad", "text": "I (film) I ( also known as Shankar 's I ) is a 2015 Indian Tamil-language romantic thriller film written and directed by Shankar and co-written by Subha . Produced and distributed by V. Ravichandran under his production company , Aascar Films , the film features Vikram and Amy Jackson in lead roles while Suresh Gopi , Upen Patel , Santhanam and Ramkumar Ganesan portray pivotal roles . The soundtrack and film score were composed by A. R. Rahman . Production design was handled by T. Muthuraj . P. C. Sreeram was the film 's cinematographer and editing was done by Anthony . The visual effects were designed by V. Srinivas Mohan through Rising Sun Pictures . Weta Workshop had worked on the digital and prosthetic make-up and background arts for the film . Principal photography commenced on 15 July 2012 . The filming lasted for two years and eight months , during which shooting was done extensively in China . Further schedules were filmed in locations in Chennai , Bangkok , Jodhpur , Kodaikanal , Pollachi , Bangalore and Mysore . The film was dubbed and released in Telugu and Hindi along with the Tamil version . The film , released on Pongal 2015 , tells the story of a body builder turned supermodel , played by Vikram , who after being deformed , exacts revenge upon those who were responsible for his predicament . Critics praised Vikram 's performance , the technical aspects of the film - especially the costume design and makeup , and A.R. Rahman 's soundtrack and score but criticised the ` wafer-thin ' writing and screenplay and the film 's excessive length ( 188 minutes ) . However , the film was a commercial success , grossing worldwide , becoming the fourth-highest grossing Tamil film and Vikram 's highest-grossing film at the time . Vikram won the Filmfare Award for Best Actor -- Tamil for the movie .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3c95d6b6f0e5fc404bce953042aa238", "text": "Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film . The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d7a02f6d0563cc32e42d6d9fd60ad39", "text": "A Chinese Tall Story A Chinese Tall Story is a 2005 Hong Kong fantasy adventure film written and directed by Jeffrey Lau . The story is loosely based on the novel Journey to the West .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ca74987655514d3bc47fe8b11340662", "text": "Danny Strong Daniel W. `` Danny '' Strong ( born June 6 , 1974 ) is an American actor , screenwriter , and producer . As an actor , Strong is best known for his roles as Jonathan Levinson in Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Doyle McMaster in Gilmore Girls . He also wrote the screenplays for Recount , the HBO adaptation Game Change , Lee Daniels ' The Butler , and the two-part finale of The Hunger Games film trilogy , Mockingjay -- Part 1 and Mockingjay -- Part 2 . Strong also is a co-creator , executive producer , and writer for the Fox series Empire . Strong has won two Emmy Awards , two Writers Guild of America Awards , a Producers Guild of America Award , and a NAACP Image Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "025ec13b564cd27871d4fb752ec19ecd", "text": "Spellbound Pictures Spellbound Pictures Ltd. , USA LLC is a film and television production and distribution company founded by Mark McClafferty and Pamela Edwards McClafferty in 1996 . Spellbound Pictures completed a $ 60,000,000.00 , 12 picture deal with Ellipse/Canal + , the French Entertainment giant in 1996 to supply the United Artist Theatre Circuit with a steady flow of family friendly films . It was under this deal that Spellbound Pictures along with Mehra Entertainment completed The Climb , starring John Hurt , Gregory Smith , and David Strathairn , which won eight international film festival awards and was released February 26 , 1999 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84b006dcbe140c1f78c368b4543092d3", "text": "Adam Marcus (director) Adam Marcus ( born 1968 ) is an American film director , writer and actor . Marcus was born in Westport , Connecticut and attended Staples High School . He started his career at the age of fifteen , when he co-created the Westport Theatreworks Theatrical Company where he directed and produced over fifty shows in seven years . He then attended New York University where he won the coveted Best Picture Award at the Student Academy Awards in 1990 for his film , '' ... so you like this girl '' . In 1991 , Marcus was called out to Los Angeles by filmmaker Sean S. Cunningham ( the director of the original Friday the 13th ) to work on producing and directing features . That same year , he co-produced Johnny Zombie ( retitled My Boyfriend 's Back ) for Cunningham and Disney Studios . In 1993 , Marcus wrote the story for and directed the ninth film in the Friday the 13th series , Jason Goes to Hell : The Final Friday for New Line . He was 23 at the time and the youngest director ever hired by the studio . The three million dollar feature went on to gross over eighteen million domestically and became one of New Line Video 's largest releases ever . Marcus and his writing partner Debra Sullivan then turned their attention to screenwriting for Paramount ( the adaptation of James Patterson 's Virgin , later titled Cradle and All ) and Fox ( the original Black Autumn ) . In 1995 , Marcus created the theater company Damn Skippy Theatreworks in L.A. . In the Summer and Fall of 1998 Marcus directed the independently financed feature film comedy , Let It Snow ( aka Snow Days ) . The picture marked the return of Bernadette Peters in a feature film after an eight-year absence from film work . The film screened at the Independent Feature Film Market ( IFFM ) in New York City where it was singled out as the most successful film at the market by Variety , Time Out IndieWire . Let It Snow had its world premiere at the American Film Institute 's Los Angeles International Film Festival ( AFI 's LAIFF ) in competition in the New Visions Category ; the film won awards at the festival for Best New Writer and Best Editing . The film then went on to be an official selection of Sundance 2000 in the American Spectrum section where it was given two extra screenings and sold out all seven of its showings . Then came the New York/Avignon film festival and the Deauville festival in France , where the film received critical acclaim . Let It Snow received positive reviews from Variety , The Hollywood Reporter , Ai n't It Cool News , The New York Times , and The Gore Score as well as a number of other publications worldwide . Marcus then turned to television , where he sold several series to Bright/Kauffman/Crane Productions , Imagine Television , NBC , Fox and The WB . In 2008 , Marcus directed the feature film Conspiracy for Sony Pictures , which he co-wrote with Debra Sullivan . The film was shot in Santa Fe , New Mexico with Val Kilmer , Jennifer Esposito and Gary Cole . Marcus completed the pilot presentation Fitz and Slade and is currently co-writing , directing and serving as executive producer on the web series Connected . In 2013 Marcus co-wrote the reboot of The Texas Chainsaw Massacre series , Texas Chainsaw 3D with partner Sullivan and Stephen Susco , which was the first number-one box office film in North America of the year . He co-wrote with Sullivan the feature film Cabin Fever : Outbreak and is directing and co-writing The Plantation , an adaptation of Val Lewton 's RKO classic I Walked with a Zombie . Adam 's script for Momentum ( aka Gravity ) , co-written by Sullivan , began production in South Africa starting January 2014 . The film was the directorial debut of Stephen Campanelli and stars Morgan Freeman , James Purefoy and Olga Kurylenko . The film premiered at the Fantasia International Film Festival in 2015 . Marcus is the brother of Young Artist Award-nominated actor Kipp Marcus . Marcus attended NYU 's Tisch School of the Arts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "996f35f1aea943a7291af189873ae614", "text": "Utah Stories Utah Stories is an online and print-based alternative news source covering the greater Salt Lake City area .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3297efa353dcda5c2b052cfe0d62cf23", "text": "The Story of God with Morgan Freeman The Story of God with Morgan Freeman is an American television documentary series that premiered on the National Geographic Channel on April 3 , 2016 . The six-part series features actor Morgan Freeman who explores various cultures and religions , and their take on religion-related topics , particularly about their belief in a God or a higher power . The second season began airing on January 16 , 2017 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06e265863ef32115510b7449e646812b", "text": "Love Story (1970 film) Love Story is a 1970 American romantic drama film written by Erich Segal , who was also the author of the best-selling novel of the same name . It was produced by Howard G. Minskyand directed by Arthur Hiller and starred Ali MacGraw and Ryan O'Neal , alongside John Marley , Ray Milland , and Tommy Lee Jones in his film debut in a minor role . A tragedy , the film is considered one of the most romantic by the American Film Institute ( # 9 on the list ) and is # 37 in the list of highest-grossing films in Canada and the United States . It was followed by a sequel , Oliver 's Story ( 1978 ) , starring O'Neal with Candice Bergen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8bf46fc2c16260c2a2447ad6d3b25962", "text": "List of accolades received by Fences (film) Fences is a 2016 American drama film directed by Denzel Washington and written by August Wilson . Starring Washington , Viola Davis , Jovan Adepo and Stephen McKinley Henderson , the film focuses on a man and his life , family , and job . The film began a limited release on December 16 , 2016 , before opening wide on December 25 . The film was released to universal acclaim , with Rotten Tomatoes listing an approval rating of 93 % , based on 207 reviews , with an average rating of 7.7 / 10 , and Metacritic listing a score of 79 out of 100 , based on 48 reviews . Fences won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress and the British Academy Film Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for Davis . The film won Best Supporting Actress for Davis and was nominated for Best Picture , Best Director , Best Actor for Washington , Best Acting Ensemble and Best Adapted Screenplay at Critics ' Choice Awards . The film won Best Supporting Actress -- Motion Picture for Davis and was nominated for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Drama for Washington at Golden Globe Awards . The film received four nominations at Satellite Awards , including Best Film , Best Director , Best Actor for Washington and Best Supporting Actress for Davis .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a4a1c1ef17745b9b39a4c96c7e38e542", "text": "Nathan Dean Snyder Nathan D. Snyder is an American actor , producer , and writer . He is known for his work on The Sigil , Item 47 , and Player of the Game .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "633dbf19b2bb4731be34d99e7b904c93", "text": "The Bigger Picture The Bigger Picture is a 2014 British animated short film directed by Daisy Jacobs . It has been nominated for the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film at the 87th Academy Awards . It won the BAFTA Award for Best Short Animation at the 68th British Academy Film Awards . The film about two sons who are ambivalent about taking care of their aging mother , was made by combining 2D painted art and life-size puppetry , animated in life-size sets .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d225dc315258d25b16334c717f86aa8", "text": "Wakefield (film) Wakefield is a 2016 American drama film directed and written by Robin Swicord , based on the short story of same name by E. L. Doctorow . The film stars Bryan Cranston and Jennifer Garner . Principal photography began on November 30 , 2015 , in Pasadena , California . The film had its world premiere at the Telluride Film Festival on September 2 , 2016 . It was released in a limited release on May 19 , 2017 , before being released through video on demand on May 26 , 2017 , by IFC Films .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "671dd143dd7e1bc2259257ad9b31023f", "text": "Shingles Shingles , also known as herpes zoster , is a viral disease characterized by a painful skin rash with blisters in a localized area . Typically the rash occurs in a single stripe either on the left or right of the body or face . Two to four days before the rash occurs there may be tingling or local pain in the area . Otherwise there are typically few symptoms . The rash usually heals within two to four weeks ; however , some people develop ongoing nerve pain which can last for months or years , a condition called postherpetic neuralgia . In those with poor immune function the rash may occur widely . If the rash involves the eye , vision loss may occur . Shingles is due to a reactivation of varicella zoster virus ( VZV ) within a person 's body . Chickenpox is due to an initial infection with VZV . Once chickenpox has resolved , the virus may remain inactive in nerve cells . When it reactivates it travels from the nerve body to the endings in the skin producing blisters . Risk factors for reactivation include old age , poor immune function , and having had chickenpox before 18 months of age . How the virus remains in the body or subsequently re-activates is not well understood . Exposure to the virus in the blisters can cause chickenpox in someone who has not had it before but will not trigger shingles . Diagnosis is typically based on a person 's signs and symptoms . Varicella zoster virus is not the same as herpes simplex virus ; however , they belong to the same family of viruses . The shingles vaccine decreases the chance of shingles by about half in those between the ages of 50 and 80 . It also decreases rates of postherpetic neuralgia , and if an outbreak occurs , its severity . After 80 the vaccine is still effective , just less so . It contains the same material as the varicella vaccine , just at a higher dose . If shingles develops , antiviral medications such as aciclovir can reduce the severity and duration of disease if started within 72 hours of the appearance of the rash . Evidence does not show a significant effect of antivirals or steroids on rates of postherpetic neuralgia . Paracetamol , NSAIDs , or opioids may be used to help with the acute pain . It is estimated that about a third of people develop shingles at some point in their life . While more common among older people , children may also get the disease . The number of new cases per year ranges from 1.2 -- 3.4 per 1,000 among healthy individuals to 3.9 -- 11.8 per 1,000 among those older than 65 years of age . About half of those living to age 85 will have at least one attack , and less than 5 % will have more than one attack . The disease has been recognized since ancient times .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "9f289277e406385014b8126dd348bc75", "text": "Miliaria Miliaria ( -LSB- ˌmɪl.iˈɛər.i.ə -RSB- also called `` sweat rash '' , `` heat rash '' or `` prickly heat '' ) is a skin disease marked by small and itchy rashes . Miliaria is a common ailment in hot and humid conditions , such as in the tropics and during the summer season . Although it affects people of all ages , it is especially common in children and infants due to their underdeveloped sweat glands .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65d7e1f451ebcfdb29bf14b119ab154a", "text": "Age fabrication Age fabrication occurs when a person deliberately misrepresents their true age . This is usually done with the intent to garner privileges or status that would not otherwise be available to the person . It may be done through the use of oral or written statements or through the altering , doctoring or forging of vital records . On some occasions , age is increased so as to make cut-offs for minimum legal or employable age in showbusiness or professional sports . Sometimes it is not the people themselves who lower their public age , but others around them such as publicists , parents , and other handlers . Most cases involve taking or adding one or two years to their age . However , in more extreme cases such as with Al Lewis and Charo , a decade has been added or subtracted . Official state documents ( such as birth , marriage and death certificates , the census , and other identity documents ) typically provide the correct date . Although uncommon in modern Western society , it is still possible for a person not to know their exact date of birth . Such a person may arbitrarily choose a date of birth which after later research is found to be false . This situation should not be considered age fabrication as there is no obvious intent to deceive on the part of the individual . Subtracting time from one 's age is often known in English as `` shaving '' , while adding time to one 's age may be referred to as `` padding '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e55af7e6783177820fc5319ab17ec95f", "text": "Child sexual abuse Child sexual abuse or child molestation is a form of child abuse in which an adult or older adolescent uses a child for sexual stimulation . Forms of child sexual abuse include engaging in sexual activities with a child ( whether by asking or pressuring , or by other means ) , indecent exposure ( of the genitals , female nipples , etc. ) , child grooming , or using a child to produce child pornography . Child sexual abuse can occur in a variety of settings , including home , school , or work ( in places where child labor is common ) . Child marriage is one of the main forms of child sexual abuse ; UNICEF has stated that child marriage `` represents perhaps the most prevalent form of sexual abuse and exploitation of girls '' . The effects of child sexual abuse can include depression , post-traumatic stress disorder , anxiety , complex post-traumatic stress disorder , propensity to further victimization in adulthood , and physical injury to the child , among other problems . Sexual abuse by a family member is a form of incest and can result in more serious and long-term psychological trauma , especially in the case of parental incest . The global prevalence of child sexual abuse has been estimated at 19.7 % for females and 7.9 % for males . Most sexual abuse offenders are acquainted with their victims ; approximately 30 % are relatives of the child , most often brothers , fathers , uncles , or cousins ; around 60 % are other acquaintances , such as `` friends '' of the family , babysitters , or neighbors ; strangers are the offenders in approximately 10 % of child sexual abuse cases . Most child sexual abuse is committed by men ; studies on female child molesters show that women commit 14 % to 40 % of offenses reported against boys and 6 % of offenses reported against girls . The word pedophile is commonly applied indiscriminately to anyone who sexually abuses a child , but child sexual offenders are not pedophiles unless they have a strong sexual interest in prepubescent children . Under the law , child sexual abuse is often used as an umbrella term describing criminal and civil offenses in which an adult engages in sexual activity with a minor or exploits a minor for the purpose of sexual gratification . The American Psychological Association states that `` children can not consent to sexual activity with adults '' , and condemns any such action by an adult : `` An adult who engages in sexual activity with a child is performing a criminal and immoral act which never can be considered normal or socially acceptable behavior . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b95ff6edca830fe3ff9bc2786dfe0c03", "text": "Baby boomers Baby boomers are the demographic cohort following the Silent Generation . There are no precise dates when the cohort birth years start and end . Typically , they range from the early-to-mid 1940s and end from 1960 to 1964 . Increased birth rates were observed during the post -- World War II baby boom making the baby boomers a relatively large demographic cohort . The term `` baby boomer '' is also used in a cultural context , so it is difficult to achieve broad consensus of a precise date definition . Different people , organizations , and scholars have varying opinions on who is a baby boomer , both technically and culturally . Ascribing universal attributes to such a generation is difficult , and some believe it is inherently impossible , but many have attempted to determine their cultural similarities and historical impact , and the term has thus gained widespread popular usage . Baby boomers are associated with a rejection or redefinition of traditional values . Many commentators , however , have disputed the extent of that rejection , noting the widespread continuity of values with older and younger generations . In Europe and North America , boomers are widely associated with privilege , as many grew up in a time of widespread government subsidies in post-war housing and education , and increasing affluence . As a group , baby boomers were the wealthiest , most active , and most physically fit generation up to the era in which they arrived , and were amongst the first to grow up genuinely expecting the world to improve with time . They were also the generation that received peak levels of income ; they could therefore reap the benefits of abundant levels of food , apparel , retirement programs , and sometimes even `` midlife crisis '' products . The increased consumerism for this generation has been regularly criticized as excessive . One feature of the boomers was that they have tended to think of themselves as a special generation , very different from those that had come before . In the 1960s , as the relatively large numbers of young people became teenagers and young adults , they , and those around them , created a very specific rhetoric around their cohort , and the changes they were bringing about . This rhetoric had an important impact in the self perceptions of the boomers , as well as their tendency to define the world in terms of generations , which was a relatively new phenomenon . The baby boom has been described variously as a `` shockwave '' and as `` the pig in the python . '' The term `` Generation Jones '' is sometimes used to describe those born between 1954 and 1965 . The term is typically used to refer to the later years of the Baby boomer cohort ( 1954-1960 ) and the early years of Generation X ( 1961-1965 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a77872070e99e5646e0be4e4e1c61d50", "text": "Individual variation in second-language acquisition Individual variation in second-language acquisition is the study of why some people learn a second language better than others . Unlike children who acquire a language , adults learning a second language rarely reach the same level of competence as native speakers of that language . Some may stop studying a language before they have fully internalized it , and others may stop improving despite living in a foreign country for many years . It also appears that children are more likely than adults to reach native-like competence in a second language . There have been many studies that have attempted to explain these phenomena . A flurry of studies in the 1970s , often labelled the `` good language learner studies '' , sought to identify the distinctive factors characteristic of successful learners . Although those studies are now widely regarded as simplistic , they did serve to identify a number of factors affecting language acquisition . More detailed research on many of these specific factors continues today . For this reason , individual variation in second-language acquisition is not generally considered a single area of research . Rather , it is simply a convenient way to categorize studies about language aptitude , age and language learning , strategy use , and affective factors that affect language acquisition .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f936288ee02e8d779d83ae308e801bc", "text": "W-shingling In natural language processing a w-shingling is a set of unique `` shingles '' ( n-grams , contiguous subsequences of tokens in a document ) that can be used to gauge the similarity of two documents . The w denotes the number of tokens in each shingle in the set . The document , `` a rose is a rose is a rose '' can be tokenized as follows : ( a , rose , is , a , rose , is , a , rose ) The set of all contiguous sequences of 4 tokens ( 4-grams ) is -LCB- ( a , rose , is , a ) , ( rose , is , a , rose ) , ( is , a , rose , is ) , ( a , rose , is , a ) , ( rose , is , a , rose ) -RCB- = -LCB- ( a , rose , is , a ) , ( rose , is , a , rose ) , ( is , a , rose , is ) -RCB-", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f6b61856fbd0c10b73c77432f00e7790", "text": "Dermatitis herpetiformis Dermatitis herpetiformis ( DH ) , or Duhring 's disease , Freedberg , et al. ( 2003 ) . Fitzpatrick 's Dermatology in General Medicine . ( 6th ed . ) . McGraw-Hill . ISBN 0-07-138076-0 . is a chronic blistering skin condition , characterised by blisters filled with a watery fluid . Despite its name , DH is neither related to nor caused by herpes virus : the name means that it is a skin inflammation having an appearance similar to herpes . DH was first described by Louis Adolphus Duhring in 1884 . A connection between DH and celiac disease was recognised in 1967 , although the exact causal mechanism is not known . DH is a specific manifestation of celiac disease . The age of onset is usually about 15-40 , but DH can also affect children and the elderly . Men and women are equally affected . Estimates of DH prevalence vary from 1 in 400 to 1 in 10,000 . It is most common in patients of northern European/northern Indian ancestry , and is associated with the HLA-DQ2 haplotype along with coeliac disease and gluten sensitivity .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "097ddb07f5301e78c3e38b82f6509fb3", "text": "Endophenotype Endophenotype is a genetic epidemiology term which is used to separate behavioral symptoms into more stable phenotypes with a clear genetic connection . The concept was coined by Bernard John and Kenneth R. Lewis in a 1966 paper attempting to explain the geographic distribution of grasshoppers . They claimed that the particular geographic distribution could not be explained by the obvious and external `` exophenotype '' of the grasshoppers , but instead must be explained by their microscopic and internal `` endophenotype . '' The next major use of the term was in psychiatric genetics , to bridge the gap between high-level symptom presentation and low-level genetic variability , such as single nucleotide polymorphisms . It is therefore more applicable to more heritable disorders , such as bipolar disorder and schizophrenia . Since then , the concept has expanded to many other fields , such as the study of ADHD , addiction , Alzheimer 's disease obesity and cystic fibrosis . Some other terms which have a similar meaning but do not stress the genetic connection as highly are `` intermediate phenotype '' , `` biological marker '' , `` subclinical trait '' , `` vulnerability marker '' , and `` cognitive marker '' . The strength of an endophenotype is its ability to differentiate between potential diagnoses that present with similar symptoms .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1895cfbc7686c10d20f91d339503064c", "text": "Childhood Childhood is the age span ranging from birth to adolescence . According to Piaget 's theory of cognitive development , childhood consists of two stages : preoperational stage and concrete operational stage . In developmental psychology , childhood is divided up into the developmental stages of toddlerhood ( learning to walk ) , early childhood ( play age ) , middle childhood ( school age ) , and adolescence ( puberty through post-puberty ) . Various childhood factors could affect a person 's attitude formation . '' ' The concept of childhood emerged during the 17th and 18th centuries , particularly through the educational theories of the philosopher John Locke and the growth of books for and about children . Previous to this point , children were often seen as incomplete versions of adults .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a2b398dac50686ee6cbb28cbaa5c198", "text": "Epidemiology of schizophrenia Schizophrenia affects around 0.3 -- 0.7 % of people at some point in their life , or 21 million people worldwide as of 2011 ( about one of every 285 ) . By using precise methods in its diagnosis and a large , representative population , schizophrenia seems to occur with relative consistency over time during the last half-century . While it is claimed that schizophrenia occurs at similar rates worldwide , its prevalence and incidence varies across the world , within countries , and at the local and neighborhood level . It causes approximately 1 % of worldwide disability-adjusted life years ( DALYs ) . The rate of schizophrenia varies up to threefold depending on how it is defined .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8217e589f383a384aa1b866edec72068", "text": "Hypnodermatology Hypnodermatology is an informal label for the use of hypnosis in treating the skin conditions that fall between conventional medical dermatology and the mental health disciplines . The use of hypnosis to provide relief for some skin conditions is based on observations that the severity of the disease may correlate with emotional issues . In addition , hypnotherapy has been used to suggest improvement on dermatological symptoms , such as chronic psoriasis , eczema , ichthyosis , warts and alopecia areata . Philip D. Shenefelt , a research dermatologist at the University of South Florida School of Medicine , has identified two dozen dermatologic conditions that have shown response to hypnosis in the literature , with varying degrees of evidence . These include successful results in controlled trials on verruca vulgaris , psoriasis , and atopic dermatitis . A 2005 review in the Mayo Clinic Proceedings stated that , `` A review of the use of hypnosis in dermatology supports its value for many skin conditions not believed to be under conscious control '' . The most comprehensively studied skin conditions in relation to hypnotherapy are psoriasis and warts . Hypnosis may have positive effects on dermatological conditions in both adults and children . Hypnotherapy may contribute towards reducing itching and discomfort brought on by the presence of warts and improves and possibly decreasing lesions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ba8ac590de976af464d578c5caba51f0", "text": "Black Skin, White Masks Black Skin , White Masks ( Peau noire , masques blancs ) is a 1952 book by Frantz Fanon , in which Fanon studies the psychology of the racism and dehumanization inherent in situations of colonial domination . With the application of historical interpretation , and the concomitant underlying social indictment , the psychiatrist Frantz Fanon formulated Black Skin , White Masks to combat the oppression of black people . He applied psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic theory to explain the feelings of dependency and inadequacy that Black people experience in a White world . That the divided self-perception of the Black Subject who has lost his native cultural origin , and embraced the culture of the Mother Country , produces an inferiority complex in the mind of the Black Subject , who then will try to appropriate and imitate the culture of the colonizer . Such behavior is more readily evident in upwardly mobile and educated black people who can afford to acquire status symbols within the world of the colonial ecumene , such as an education abroad and mastery of the language of the colonizer , the white masks . Based upon , and derived from , the concepts of the collective unconscious and collective catharsis , the sixth chapter , `` The Negro and Psychopathology '' , presents brief , deep psychoanalyses of colonized black people , and thus proposes the inability of black people to fit into the norms ( social , cultural , racial ) established by white society . That `` a normal Negro child , having grown up in a normal Negro family , will become abnormal on the slightest contact of the white world . '' That , in a white society , such an extreme psychological response originates from the unconscious and unnatural training of black people , from early childhood , to associate `` blackness '' with `` wrongness '' . That such unconscious mental training of black children is effected with comic books and cartoons , which are cultural media that instil and affix , in the mind of the white child , the society 's cultural representations of black people as villains . Moreover , when black children are exposed to such images of villainous black people , the children will experience a psychopathology ( psychological trauma ) , which mental wound becomes inherent to their individual , behavioral make-up ; a part of his and her personality . That the early-life suffering of said psychopathology -- black skin associated with villainy -- creates a collective nature among the men and women who were reduced to colonized populations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4f0d9502c89fb04f4ce1cb2af305ac6", "text": "Middle name In several cultures , people 's names usually include one or more names in addition to the portion that is usually considered adequate to identify them . In a number of cultures where a given name is expected to precede the surname , such a name is likely to be placed after the given name and before the surname , and thus called a middle name . In English-speaking American culture , that term is often applied ( arguably mistakenly ) to names , occupying that position , even if the bearer would insist that that name is being mistakenly called a `` middle name '' , and is actually ( to mention several types of atypical cases ) : part of a two-word given name ( e.g. Mary Anne , about Mary Anne Clarke , and `` Joe Bob Briggs '' ) , a maiden name ( e.g. Rodham ) , a patronymic ( e.g. Sergeyevich ) , or a baptismal name ( e.g. `` Christopher '' invoking St. Christopher ) . In the USA such names are specifically referred to as middle names ; in most other countries , as far as they are given names and not , for example , patronymics , they would simply be regarded as second , third etc. given names . The US `` middle name '' is often abbreviated to the middle initial ( e.g. Mary Lee Bianchi becomes Mary L. Bianchi , which is usually standard for signatures ) or omitted entirely in everyday use ( e.g. just Mary Bianchi ) . An individual may have more than one middle name , or none . In the United Kingdom , for comparison , she would usually be referred to as either Mary Bianchi , M. L. Bianchi or Mary Lee Bianchi , or she may choose Lee Bianchi , and informally there may be familiar shortenings . It is debatable how long multiple given names have existed in English-speaking countries , but it is certain that among royalty and aristocracy the practice existed by the late 17th century ( and possibly earlier ) , as exemplified in the name of the Stuart pretender James Francis Edward Stuart ( 1688 -- 1766 ) . Despite their relatively long existence in North America , the phrase `` middle name '' was not recorded until 1835 , in the periodical Harvardiana . The use of multiple middle names has been somewhat impeded recently by the increased use of computer databases that occasionally allow for only a single middle name or more commonly a middle initial in storing personal records , effectively preventing people with multiple middle names from being listed in such databases under their full name . This is worsened by longer compound names , like María del Pilar Pereyra or María de las Nieves García . The abbreviation `` N.M.N. '' ( no middle name ) or `` N.M.I. '' ( no middle initial ) , with or without periods , is sometimes used in formal documents in the United States , where a middle initial or name is expected but the person does not have one . The middle name can also be a maiden name . Since 1905 , `` middle name '' has also developed a figurative usage meaning a notable or outstanding attribute of a person , as in the phrase `` discretion is my middle name . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "30725fa4ce513de51c51f46f6daed5bd", "text": "Global perceptions of autism This article discusses diagnosis , treatment , and experiences of autism globally . Although the diagnosis of autism is rising in post-industrial nations , diagnosis rates are much lower in developing nations . Reasons given by researchers for this discrepancy include more awareness and better detection in developed nations and cultural differences such that symptoms associated with autism may be considered normal behavior in some cultures . However , many scientists theorize that other factors may also be responsible for the increasing rates in post-industrial countries . Some claim that about one third of ASD is due to immune dysregulation during pregnancy . That is , anything that causes an inflammatory response in the pregnant mother , such as infection or an immune disorder , may expose the fetal brain to inflammatory signals and disrupt development . For example , mothers with celiac disease have an increased chance of autism by 350 percent , while those with rheumatoid arthritis have an elevated risk of 80 percent .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cab52fc6dbc619b9c947c0735da8f3c1", "text": "Melanocytic nevus A melanocytic nevus ( also known as `` nevocytic nevus '' or `` nevus-cell nevus '' ) is a type of lesion that contains nevus cells ( a type of melanocyte ) . Some sources equate the term mole with `` melanocytic nevus '' . Other sources reserve the term `` mole '' for other purposes . The majority of moles appear during the first two decades of a person 's life , with about one in every 100 babies being born with moles . Acquired moles are a form of benign neoplasm , while congenital moles , or congenital nevi , are considered a minor malformation or hamartoma and may be at a higher risk for melanoma . A mole can be either subdermal ( under the skin ) or a pigmented growth on the skin , formed mostly of a type of cell known as a melanocyte . The high concentration of the body 's pigmenting agent , melanin , is responsible for their dark color . Moles are a member of the family of skin lesions known as nevi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4c4b7f594a0dda3270ae22ff08594975", "text": "Glaucoma Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases which result in damage to the optic nerve and vision loss . The most common type is open-angle glaucoma with less common types including closed-angle glaucoma and normal-tension glaucoma . Open-angle glaucoma develops slowly over time and there is no pain . Side vision may begin to decrease followed by central vision resulting in blindness if not treated . Closed-angle glaucoma can present gradually or suddenly . The sudden presentation may involve severe eye pain , blurred vision , mid-dilated pupil , redness of the eye , and nausea . Vision loss from glaucoma , once it has occurred , is permanent . Risk factors for glaucoma include increased pressure in the eye , a family history of the condition , migraines , high blood pressure , and obesity . For eye pressures a value of greater than 21 mmHg is often used with higher pressures leading to a greater risk . However , some may have high eye pressure for years and never develop damage . Conversely , optic nerve damage may occur with normal pressure , known as normal-tension glaucoma . The mechanism of open-angle glaucoma is believed to be slow exit of aqueous humor through the trabecular meshwork while in closed-angle glaucoma the iris blocks the trabecular meshwork . Diagnosis is by a dilated eye examination . Often the optic nerve shows an abnormal amount of cupping . If treated early it is possible to slow or stop the progression of disease with medication , laser treatment , or surgery . The goal of these treatments is to decrease eye pressure . A number of different classes of glaucoma medication are available . Laser treatments may be effective in both open-angle and closed-angle glaucoma . A number of types of glaucoma surgeries may be used in people who do not respond sufficiently to other measures . Treatment of closed-angle glaucoma is a medical emergency . About 6 to 67 million people have glaucoma globally . The disease affects about 2 million people in the United States . It occurs more commonly among older people . Closed-angle glaucoma is more common in women . Glaucoma has been called the `` silent thief of sight '' because the loss of vision usually occurs slowly over a long period of time . Worldwide , glaucoma is the second-leading cause of blindness after cataracts . The word `` glaucoma '' is from ancient Greek glaukos which means blue , green , or gray . In English , the word was used as early as 1587 but did not become commonly used until after 1850 , when the development of the ophthalmoscope allowed people to see the optic nerve damage .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b44b1528182cb82fcbf8a991b6e552e0", "text": "Self-concept One 's self-concept ( also called self-construction , self-identity , self-perspective or self-structure ) is a collection of beliefs about oneself that includes elements such as academic performance , gender identity , sexual identity , and racial identity . Generally , self-concept embodies the answer to `` Who am I ? '' . Self-concept is distinguishable from self-awareness , which refers to the extent to which self-knowledge is defined , consistent , and currently applicable to one 's attitudes and dispositions . Self-concept also differs from self-esteem : self-concept is a cognitive or descriptive component of one 's self ( e.g. `` I am a fast runner '' ) , while self-esteem is evaluative and opinionated ( e.g. `` I feel good about being a fast runner '' ) . Self-concept is made up of one 's self-schemas , and interacts with self-esteem , self-knowledge , and the social self to form the self as whole . It includes the past , present , and future selves , where future selves ( or possible selves ) represent individuals ' ideas of what they might become , what they would like to become , or what they are afraid of becoming . Possible selves may function as incentives for certain behavior . The perception people have about their past or future selves is related to the perception of their current selves . The temporal self-appraisal theory argues that people have a tendency to maintain a positive self-evaluation by distancing themselves from their negative self and paying more attention to their positive one . In addition , people have a tendency to perceive the past self less favorably ( e.g. `` I 'm better than I used to be '' ) and the future self more positively ( e.g. `` I will be better than I am now '' ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8a87a7654ebfb05bc93b0109cbc1da7", "text": "Age of majority The age of majority is the threshold of adulthood as recognized or declared in law . It is the moment when minors cease to be considered children and assume legal control over their persons , actions , and decisions , thus terminating the control and legal responsibilities of their parents or guardian over them . Most countries set the age of majority at 18 . The word majority here refers to having greater years and being of full age as opposed to minority , the state of being a minor . The law in a given jurisdiction may not actually use the term `` age of majority '' . The term typically refers to a collection of laws bestowing the status of adulthood . The age of majority does not necessarily correspond to the mental or physical maturity of an individual . Age of majority should not be confused with the age of sexual consent , marriageable age , school leaving age , drinking age , driving age , voting age , smoking age , etc. , which each may be independent of , and sometimes set at a different age from the age of majority . Although a person may attain the age of majority in a particular jurisdiction , they may still be subject to age-based restrictions regarding matters such as the right to vote or stand for elective office , act as a judge , and many others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e9121f60528a6490faaa8957583d7d91", "text": "Natural skin care Natural skin care uses topical creams and lotions made of ingredients available in nature . Much of the recent literature reviews plant-derived ingredients , which may include herbs , roots , flowers and essential oils , but natural substances in skin care products include animal-derived products such as beeswax , and minerals . These substances may be combined with various carrier agents , preservatives , surfactants , humectants and emulsifiers . There are no legal definitions in the U.S. for advertising terms `` natural '' or `` organic '' when applied to personal care products . Consumers often express a preference for skin products with organic and natural ingredients . The personal skin care market based on natural products has shown strong growth . Clinical and laboratory studies have identified activities in many natural ingredients that have potential beneficial activities for personal skin care , but there is a shortage of convincing evidence for natural product efficacy in medical problems . Some natural products and therapies may be harmful , either to the skin or systemically . People prone to allergies should pay careful attention to what they use on their skin . Dermatologists may feel that there is enough scientific evidence to assist in the selection or avoidance of particular natural ingredients .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "049c7da6f54e554f7a24d02a971e1264", "text": "Day care Child care or day care is the care of a child during the day by a person other than the child 's legal guardians , typically performed by someone outside the child 's immediate family . Day care is typically an ongoing service during specific periods , such as the parents ' time at work . The service is known as child care in the United Kingdom , crèche in Ireland and New Zealand , and child care or day care in North America and Australia ( although child care also has a broader meaning ) . The vast majority of childcare is still performed by the parents , in-house nannies or through informal arrangements with relatives , neighbors or friends . Child care in the child 's own home is traditionally provided by a nanny or au pair , or by extended family members including grandparents , aunts and uncles . Child care is provided in nurseries or crèches or by a nanny or family child care provider caring for children in their own homes . It can also take on a more formal structure , with education , child development , discipline and even preschool education falling into the fold of services . The day care industry is a continuum from personal parental care to large , regulated institutions . Some childminders care for children from several families at the same time , either in their own home ( commonly known as `` family day care '' in Australia ) or in a specialized child care facility . Some employers provide nursery provisions for their employees at or near the place of employment . For-profit day care corporations often exist where the market is sufficiently large or there are government subsidies . Research shows that not-for-profits are much more likely to produce the high quality environments in which children thrive . '' Local governments , often municipalities , may operate non-profit day care centers . For all providers , the largest expense is labor . Local legislation may regulate the operation of daycare centers , affecting staffing requirements . In Canada , the workforce is predominantly female ( 95 % ) and low paid , averaging only 60 % of average workforce wage . Some jurisdictions require licensing or certification . Legislation may specify details of the physical facilities ( washroom , eating , sleeping , lighting levels , etc. ) . Independent studies suggest that good daycare is not harmful . In some cases , good daycare can provide different experiences than parental care does , especially when children reach two and are ready to interact with other children . Children in higher quality childcare had somewhat better language and cognitive development during the first 4 1/2 years of life than those in lower quality care .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "71931a8a72360b2e7ca28fcbcd3478ce", "text": "Hubert Humphrey Hubert Horatio Humphrey Jr. ( May 27 , 1911January 13 , 1978 ) was an American politician who served as the 38th Vice President of the United States under President Lyndon B. Johnson from 1965 to 1969 . Humphrey twice served in the United States Senate , representing Minnesota from 1949 to 1964 and 1971 to 1978 . He was the nominee of the Democratic Party in the 1968 presidential election , losing to the Republican nominee Richard M. Nixon . Born in Wallace , South Dakota in 1911 , Humphrey attended the University of Minnesota before earning his pharmacist license from the Capitol College of Pharmacy in 1931 . He helped run his father 's pharmacy until 1937 when he returned to academia , graduating with a master 's degree from Louisiana State University in 1940 , where he was a political science instructor . He returned to Minnesota during World War II and became a supervisor for the Works Progress Administration . He was then appointed state director of the Minnesota war service program before becoming the assistant director of the War Manpower Commission . In 1943 , Humphrey became a professor of Political Science at Macalester College and ran a failed campaign for mayor of Minneapolis . Humphrey helped found the Minnesota Democratic -- Farmer -- Labor Party ( DFL ) in 1944 , and in 1945 , became the DFL candidate for mayor of Minneapolis for a second time , winning with 61 % of the vote . Humphrey served as mayor from 1945 to 1948 , he was reelected and became the co-founder of the liberal anti-communist group Americans for Democratic Action in 1947 . Humphrey was elected to the Senate in 1948 , the year his proposal of ending racial segregation was included in the party platform at the Democratic National Convention , where he gave one of his most notable speeches on the convention floor , suggesting the Democratic Party `` walk into the sunshine of human rights . '' He served three terms in the Senate from 1949 to 1964 and was the Democratic Majority Whip from 1961 to 1964 . During his tenure , Humphrey was the lead author of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 , introduced the first initiative to create the Peace Corps , sponsored the clause of the McCarran Act to threaten concentration camps for ` subversives ' , proposed making Communist Party membership a felony and chaired the Select Committee on Disarmament . Humphrey ran for two failed Presidential campaigns in the 1952 and 1960 Democratic primaries . After Lyndon B. Johnson inherited the presidency after John F. Kennedy 's assassination in November 1963 , he chose Humphrey to be his running mate in 1964 against Republican Barry Goldwater and the Democratic ticket was elected in a landslide in 1964 . After Johnson made the surprise announcement that he would not seek reelection in March 1968 , Humphrey launched his campaign for the presidency the following month . Humphrey 's main Democratic challengers were anti-Vietnam War Senators Eugene McCarthy and Robert F. Kennedy . Humphrey , who was loyal to the Johnson administration 's policies on the Vietnam War as Vice President , saw opposition from many within his own party and avoided the primaries to focus on receiving the delegates of non-primary states at the Democratic Convention . Humphrey 's delegate strategy succeeded in clinching the nomination , choosing Senator Edmund Muskie as his running mate . With the assassination of civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. and the assassination of Robert Kennedy that year , and heightened opposition to the Vietnam War , the convention saw major protests which later proved costly to Humphrey 's campaign . On November 5 , 1968 , Humphrey lost to former Vice President Richard Nixon in the general election . Humphrey then returned to teaching in Minnesota before returning to the Senate in 1971 . He became the first Deputy President pro tempore of the United States Senate and served until his death in 1978 . Humphrey died of bladder cancer at his home in Waverly , Minnesota , and is buried at the Lakewood Cemetery in Minneapolis . He was succeeded by his wife of 41 years Muriel Humphrey as interim Senator for Minnesota .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "0c1028fdfc5b14df4f17553b7819d2a8", "text": "Richard Crawford White Richard Crawford White ( April 29 , 1923 -- February 18 , 1998 ) was a Democratic politician from El Paso , Texas , who served in the Texas House of Representatives from 1955 to 1959 and in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1965 to 1983 . Born in El Paso , Texas , White graduated from Dudley Primary School , El Paso High School , and the Citizens ' Military Training Camp at San Antonio , Texas . Subsequently , from 1940 to 1942 , he attended the University of Texas at El Paso , then known as Texas Western College . After his second year of college , White began his World War II service from 1942 to 1945 in the United States Marine Corps as a rifleman and Japanese-English interpreter in the Pacific Theater . As a result of injuries suffered , he was awarded the Purple Heart . Returning to Texas after the war , White received his bachelor 's degree in 1946 from the University of Texas at Austin and his J.D. in 1949 from the University of Texas School of Law . He was admitted to the Texas state bar in 1949 and returned to El Paso to begin his legal career . He served two-year terms in the Texas House of Representatives , having been elected in 1954 and 1956 . He was the El Paso County Democratic chairman from 1963 to 1965 . He was elected to the historic Eighty-ninth Congress as part of the national 1964 Democratic surge linked to U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson 's crushing defeat of Republican U.S. Senator Barry M. Goldwater of Arizona . White , who received more votes than Johnson did in the 16th District , played his part by unseating freshman Republican Ed Foreman of Odessa in the 16th Congressional District . During his first term , White represented a monstrous district stretching from El Paso all the way to the Permian Basin -- an area of over 42,000 square miles . However , after Texas ' congressional map was thrown out in Wesberry v. Sanders , his district was cut down to El Paso and a few inner-ring suburbs . He was reelected eight times from this district with almost no difficulty . As a U.S. representative , White developed a reputation as a moderate Democrat . He also chaired the Democratic Research Organization , a group within the party that distributed information from the leadership relevant to pending votes . Having Fort Bliss in the 16th Congressional District made White a natural choice for his place on the House Armed Services Committee . There he chaired the Military Personnel Subcommittee and was also instrumental in reorganization of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . He also served for a while on the Interior , Post Office & Civil Service , and Science & Technology committees . Choosing not to run again in 1982 , White returned to his hometown of El Paso to resume his law practice . White was married twice . His first marriage in 1949 to Katherine Huffman produced three sons , Rodrick , Richard , and Raymond . After her death in 1972 , White married the former Kathleen Fitzgerald in 1973 . The second marriage produced one daughter , Bonnie , two sons , Sean and Brian , and one step-son , Kenneth . White died on February 18 , 1998 . His ashes are interred at Arlington National Cemetery , in Arlington , Virginia , near the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier , in area 7A .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "91e39250ee4a4c2e4c94f6ca34e3f9a5", "text": "Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy On June 5 , 1968 , presidential candidate Robert F. Kennedy was fatally shot at the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles , shortly after winning the California presidential primaries in the 1968 election , and died the next day while hospitalized . After winning the California and South Dakota primary elections for the Democratic nomination for President of the United States , Kennedy was fatally shot while exiting through the hotel kitchen immediately after leaving the podium in the Ambassador Hotel and died in the Good Samaritan Hospital twenty-six hours later . Sirhan Sirhan , a 24-year-old Palestinian/Jordanian immigrant , was convicted of Kennedy 's murder and sentenced to death in 1969 , although his sentence was commuted to life in prison in 1972 . On November 22 , 2013 , Sirhan was transferred from Corcoran to the Richard J. Donovan Correctional Facility in San Diego County . The shooting was recorded on audio tape by a freelance newspaper reporter , and the aftermath was captured on film . Kennedy 's body lay in repose at St. Patrick 's Cathedral in New York for two days before a funeral Mass was held on June 8 . His body was interred near his brother John at Arlington National Cemetery . His death prompted the protection of presidential candidates by the United States Secret Service . Hubert Humphrey later went on to win the Democratic nomination for the presidency , but ultimately lost the election to Republican Richard Nixon . As with his brother John 's death , Kennedy 's assassination and the circumstances surrounding it have spawned a variety of conspiracy theories . Kennedy and Huey Long ( in 1935 ) are the only two sitting United States Senators to be assassinated .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4475d7b2a7494593a1188209b70ad4db", "text": "United States Senate The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress which , along with the United States House of Representatives , the lower chamber , composes the legislature of the United States of America . The composition and powers of the Senate are established by Article One of the United States Constitution . The Senate is composed of senators who represent each of the several states , with each state being equally represented by two senators , regardless of their population , serving staggered terms of six years ; with fifty states presently in the Union , there are 100 U.S. Senators . From 1789 until 1913 , Senators were appointed by legislatures of the states they represented ; following the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913 , they are now popularly elected . The Senate chamber is located in the north wing of the Capitol , in Washington , D.C. As the upper house , the Senate has several powers of advice and consent which are unique to it ; these include the ratification of treaties , the confirmation of Cabinet secretaries , Supreme Court justices , federal judges , other federal executive officials , flag officers , regulatory officials , ambassadors , and other federal uniformed officers . In addition to these , in cases wherein no candidate receives a majority of electors for Vice President , the duty befalls upon the Senate to elect one of the top two recipients of electors for that office . It further has the responsibility of conducting trials of those impeached by the House . The Senate is widely considered both a more deliberative and more prestigious body than the House of Representatives due to its longer terms , smaller size , and statewide constituencies , which historically led to a more collegial and less partisan atmosphere . The presiding officer of the Senate is the Vice President of the United States , who is President of the Senate ; in their absence , the President Pro Tempore , who is customarily the senior member of the controlling party , presides over the Senate . In the early 20th century , the practice of majority and minority parties electing their floor leaders began , although they are not constitutional officers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ff1a18d053d197b9dc43b5f4b0469ac", "text": "Republican Party vice presidential candidate selection, 1968 This article lists those who were potential candidates for the Republican nomination for Vice President of the United States in the 1968 election . After winning the Republican presidential nomination at the 1968 Republican National Convention , former Vice President Richard Nixon convened a series of meetings with close advisers and party leaders such as Strom Thurmond in order to choose his running mate . Nixon ultimately asked the convention to nominate Maryland Governor Spiro Agnew as his running mate . By a large margin , Agnew won the vice presidential nomination on the first ballot over Michigan Governor George W. Romney , who was supported by a faction of liberal Republicans . Nixon chose Agnew because he wanted a centrist who was broadly acceptable to the party , had experience with domestic issues , and appealed to Southern voters ( to counter the third party candidacy of former Alabama Governor George Wallace ) . The Nixon-Agnew ticket defeated the Humphrey-Muskie ticket , and also won re-election in 1972 , defeating the McGovern-Shriver ticket . However , Agnew was forced to resign as Vice President in 1973 due to a controversy regarding his personal taxes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d9ee106217fc00c53a24bddd0ea3cc0f", "text": "Chair of Rural Outreach The Chair of Rural Outreachwas a post in the Democratic party leadership of the United States Senate responsible for `` guiding rural outreach for the Caucus '' , and overseeing engagement with `` rural , suburban , and exurban American communities '' . The position was created in the 109th Congress , and was held by Blanche Lincoln of Arkansas . As of the 112th Congress the position no longer exists .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d6525c9fbf599a3f52a3869f3f2b56d5", "text": "Wall Doxey Wall Doxey ( August 8 , 1892March 2 , 1962 ) was an American politician from Holly Springs , Mississippi . He served as a Democrat from Mississippi 's 2nd congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 1929 to 1941 . After the death of U.S. Senator Pat Harrison , Doxey won a special election to his seat , and served in the United States Senate from 1941 until 1943 . He was defeated in the 1942 Democratic primary by James Eastland . Throughout his political career , Doxey represented a district with a black-majority population , whose political affiliation in the nineteenth century had been with the Republican Party . But , African Americans were effectively excluded from the political system from 1890 to the late 1960s by Mississippi 's constitution and restrictions affecting voter registration . Doxey was the only United States Senator to serve also as the Senate Sergeant at Arms . He was appointed to this position after losing his Senate seat , serving from February 1 , 1943 to January 3 , 1947 . Wall Doxey State Park , a state park in Mississippi , is named after him .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "334023e806946ea13029bda3fed2a3ae", "text": "The Selling of the President 1968 The Selling of the President 1968 is a non-fiction book written by American author Joe McGinniss and published by Trident Press in October , 1969 . The book describes the marketing of Richard Nixon during the 1968 presidential campaign . It has been described as `` a classic of political journalism '' and a `` classic of campaign reporting that first introduced many readers to the stage-managed world of political theater . '' It was reprinted in 1988 under the title The Selling of the President . McGinniss became an overnight success when the book , his first , landed on The New York Times bestseller list . He was 26 years old , making him the youngest living writer with that achievement . The book was on the New York Times non-fiction bestseller list for 31 weeks from October 1969 to May 1970 . The idea for the book came to McGinniss almost serendipitously : -LSB- He -RSB- stumbled across his book 's topic while taking a train to New York . A fellow commuter had just landed the Hubert Humphrey account and was boasting that ` in six weeks we 'll have him looking better than Abraham Lincoln . ' McGinniss tried to get access to Humphrey 's campaign first , but they turned him down . So he called up Nixon 's , and they said yes . '' . The book was very well received by both critics and the public . It `` spent more than six months on best-sellers lists , and McGinniss sold a lot of those books through television , appearing on the titular shows of Merv Griffin , David Frost and Dick Cavett , among others . '' Conservative writer William F. Buckley `` assumed McGinniss had relied on ` an elaborate deception which has brought joy and hope to the Nixon-haters . ' But even Buckley liked the book . '' In 1972 , the book was adapted into a short-lived Broadway musical .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "338e014d5461ab655a9d56711bd2fa25", "text": "Democrats for Nixon Democrats for Nixon was a campaign to promote Democratic support for the then-incumbent Republican President Richard Nixon in the 1972 presidential election . The campaign was led by the former Democratic governor of Texas , John Connally . Connally , who was serving as the United States Secretary of the Treasury , announced that he would be supporting Nixon for re-election and would spend his time until the elections working on behalf of the incumbent . A Democrat who had been Governor of Texas and United States Secretary of the Navy under John F. Kennedy , Connally formally announced the formation of the organization in August 1972 . Polling cited by Connally indicated that as many as 20 million Democrats would cross over to vote for Nixon and invited `` all those millions of Democrats who realize that in this Presidential election President Nixon is simply the better choice '' . Connally stated that he was troubled by Senator George McGovern 's campaign and felt that the Democratic party `` is becoming an ideological machine closed to millions who have been the party 's most loyal and steadfast members '' under McGovern 's leadership . The committee included Mayor Beverly Briley of Nashville , Tennessee , former Governor of Florida Farris Bryant , Mayor of Boston John F. Collins , Mayor Thomas G. Dunn of Elizabeth , New Jersey , Teamsters president Frank Fitzsimmons , Governor of Virginia Mills E. Godwin , Jr. , Mayor of Miami , Florida David T. Kennedy and Leonard Marks who had previously headed the United States Information Agency . A fundraising target of as much as $ 3 million was set for the organization . Connally also announced that Jeno Paulucci , a frozen food distributor who had been closely involved as a fundraiser for Hubert H. Humphrey in his presidential bids , would serve as head of a group encouraging independent voters to choose Nixon . In a September 1972 article in The New York Times , Connally was quoted as saying that increasing numbers of traditionally Democratic voters were leaving the fold because they `` are afraid of George McGovern '' because of his proposals for major cutbacks in defense spending and in the number of U.S. troops serving in Europe . Connally insisted that `` it is in the best interests of this country that the president be re-elected this year '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2754217fccb42563618531ac58ace12b", "text": "Pro tempore Pro tempore ( -LSB- ˌproʊ_ˈtɛmpəri -RSB- , -LSB- ˌproʊ_ˈtɛmpərɛ -RSB- or -LSB- ˌproʊ_ˈtɛmpəreɪ -RSB- ) , abbreviated pro tem or p.t. , is a Latin phrase which best translates to `` for the time being '' in English . This phrase is often used to describe a person who acts as a locum tenens ( placeholder ) in the absence of a superior , such as the President pro tempore of the United States Senate , who acts in place of the President of the United States Senate , the Vice President of the United States . Legislative bodies can have one or more pro tempore for the presiding officer . These positions ostensibly go to legislators experienced in floor debate who are familiar with the content and application of relevant rules and precedents and who have a reputation for fairness among their colleagues .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6c0432c1a093721a057a2051ff77b853", "text": "Presidency of John F. Kennedy The presidency of John F. Kennedy began on January 20 , 1961 , when he was inaugurated as the 35th President of the United States , and ended on November 22 , 1963 , upon his assassination and death , a span of days . A Democrat , he took office following the 1960 presidential election , in which he narrowly defeated Richard Nixon . He was succeeded by Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson . Kennedy was the first person born in the 20th century to be elected president , and , at age 43 , the youngest person elected to the office . He was also the first Roman Catholic elected to the presidency . Kennedy played an important role in bringing American politics into the modern communications age , as his use of television provided a campaign model that spoke to voters directly , and his media presidency greatly weakened the power of political machines in party politics . Kennedy 's time in office was marked by Cold War tensions with the Soviet Union and especially with Cuba . In Cuba , a failed attempt was made in April 1961 at the Bay of Pigs to overthrow the government of Fidel Castro . Kennedy 's administration subsequently rejected plans by the Joint Chiefs of Staff to orchestrate false-flag attacks on American soil in order to gain public approval for a war against Cuba . In October 1962 , it was discovered that Soviet ballistic missiles had been deployed in Cuba ; the resulting period of unease , termed the Cuban Missile Crisis , is seen by many historians as the closest the human race has ever come to nuclear war between nuclear-armed belligerents . To contain Communist expansion in Asia , Kennedy increased the number of American military advisers in South Vietnam by a factor of 18 over his predecessor , Dwight D. Eisenhower ; a further escalation of the American role in the Vietnam War took place after Kennedy 's death . In domestic politics Kennedy made bold proposals in his New Frontier agenda , but few were passed by Congress . He did establish of the Peace Corps , and intensify the Space Race . Kennedy took steps to support the Civil Rights Movement , and after his death his proposed civil rights bill was passed as the Civil Rights Act of 1964 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ed05eabd9737063535bd9271b616b731", "text": "List of United States Senators in the 58th Congress by seniority This is a complete list of members of the United States Senate during the 58th United States Congress listed by seniority , from March 4 , 1903 to March 3 , 1905 . Order of service is based on the commencement of the senator 's first term . Behind this is former service as a senator ( only giving the Senator seniority within his or her new incoming class ) , service as Vice President , a House member , a Cabinet secretary , or a governor of a state . The final factor is the population of the senator 's state . Senators who were sworn in in the middle of the Congress ( up until the last senator who was not sworn in early after winning the November 1904 election ) are listed at the end of the list with no number .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c7d9b8ef364371cce7fa433974e1f153", "text": "Dean of the United States Senate The Dean of the United States Senate is an informal term for the Senator with the longest continuous service , regardless of party affiliation . This is not an official position within the Senate , although customarily ( since 1945 ) the longest-serving member of the majority party serves as President pro tempore . The current Dean is Senator Patrick Leahy of Vermont .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d9c485965412c2e8661f5cb749d91b58", "text": "Herding Cats: A Life in Politics Herding Cats : A Life in Politics is a book written by U.S. Senator Trent Lott , a Republican from Mississippi . Published by HarperCollins Publishers , Inc. on August 23 , 2005 , the book spans 320 pages . The major points of the book are Lott 's childhood in Grenada and Pascagoula , Mississippi , including his struggles with his alcoholic father ; his election to Congress ; his years in the House of Representatives during the Nixon , Carter , and Reagan administrations ( including his service as Minority Whip in that body ) ; and his service in the Senate , especially his service as Majority Leader during the Clinton and Bush Administrations . He recounts the formative events of his youth and the stories from his political life . From his decision to support Gerald Ford over Ronald Reagan in the 1976 Republican primary to his working partnership with Senate Democratic leader Tom Daschle during the Clinton impeachment and the September 11 attacks in 2001 , Lott traces the inner workings of congressional life . One major focus of the book is the comments Lott made at the birthday party of Sen. Strom Thurmond in 2002 and the subsequent intense media coverage , which eventually led to his resignation as the Senate Majority Leader in December 2002 . Lott names several figures who he believes orchestrated his downfall , including members of President George W. Bush 's administration , such as then-Secretary of State , Colin Powell , and former Federal Emergency Management Agency ( FEMA ) head Joe Allbaugh ( who Lott claims has admitted that he intended to bring Lott down as Majority Leader ) ; as well as the successor to Lott as Majority Leader , Sen. Bill Frist . Lott suggests that his forced resignation was a `` strategic plan '' devised by Bush and others who wanted Frist to take his place , since Frist supported key White House policies like the Medicare expansion , which Lott opposed . Lott notes , however , that his response to the Thurmond controversy played poorly in the media . Lott wrote in the book that Frist betrayed him by not telling him about Frist 's decision to run for majority leader beforehand . Lott says he took Frist as his protégé , as Frist had no political/public experience when he was first elected to the Senate . Some suggested that Lott 's book , which portrayed Frist in a negative light , was designed to impede Frist 's possible presidential campaign , but Frist did not run . Lott indicated in the book that he had repaired his relationship with Frist to some extent . Lott also emphasizes his years as Majority Whip in the House and his years as Majority Leader in the Senate , where Lott claims to have built an efficient vote-getting organization and played a key role in several legislative accomplishments , including the Reagan-era budget cuts and tax cuts , and welfare reform and the tobacco settlement during the Clinton years . This emphasis may tie into Lott 's ambition to rejoin the Senate Republican Leadership .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b773aea6d3aeac9c6a94bb32c54207f1", "text": "Moderate Dems Working Group Moderate Dems Working Group was a caucus of moderate Democratic members of the United States Senate . The group 's goal is to work with the Senate leadership and the Obama administration `` to craft common-sense solutions to urgent national problems . '' The group 's members are `` joined by a shared commitment to pursue pragmatic , fiscally sustainable policies across a range of issues , such as deficit containment , health care reform , the housing crisis , educational reform , energy policy and climate change . '' The Moderate Dems Working Group was founded on March 18 , 2009 , and is led by Senators Evan Bayh of Indiana , Tom Carper of Delaware , and Blanche Lincoln of Arkansas . It has been described as the Senate version of the Blue Dog Coalition in the House . The coalition has received praise from Democratic Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid , but has been criticized by the left as simply being `` political cover to Democratic senators representing red or purple states , making it harder for Republicans to tie them to liberal bogeymen . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e6b1024d7a99e10be3671f2af5e3f882", "text": "United States House of Representatives elections, 1934 The 1934 United States House of Representatives elections were held in the middle of President Franklin D. Roosevelt 's first term . The Democratic Party continued its progress , gaining another 9 net seats from the opposition Republican Party , who also lost seats to the Progressive Party . The Republicans were reduced below one-fourth of the chamber for the first time since the creation of the party . The Wisconsin Progressive Party , a liberal group which allied with the Democrats , also became a force in Wisconsin politics . The 1934 elections can be seen as a referendum on New Deal policies . While conservatives and people among the middle class who did not bear the brunt of the depression saw New Deal programs as radical , ordinary people overwhelmingly voted in this election cycle to continue implementation of Roosevelt 's agenda . In addition , this was the first time in modern history that the President 's party gained seats in a midterm year when historically the President 's party usually loses seats . ( This would n't happen again until 1998 and 2002 . )", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3896a11a808daee57fd5e68f4ba0e5c7", "text": "List of Governors of Mississippi The Governor of Mississippi is the head of the executive branch of Mississippi 's state government and the commander-in-chief of the state 's military forces . The governor has a duty to enforce state laws , and the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the Mississippi Legislature , to convene the legislature at any time , and , except in cases of treason or impeachment , to grant pardons and reprieves . To be elected governor , a person must be at least 30 years old , and must have been a citizen of the United States for twenty years and a resident of Mississippi for at least five years at the time of inauguration . The Constitution of Mississippi , ratified in 1890 , calls for a four-year term for the governor . He or she may be reelected once . The original constitution of 1817 had only a two-year term for governor ; this was expanded to four years in the 1868 constitution . The lieutenant governor is elected at the same time as the governor and serves as president of the Mississippi Senate . When the office of governor becomes vacant for any reason , the lieutenant governor becomes governor for the remainder of the term . The Governor of Mississippi is also , by virtue of his office , President of the Board of Trustees of the University of Mississippi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ea974184c04f5ee2f9ce2de1044b075", "text": "United States presidential election in Massachusetts, 1960 The 1960 United States presidential election in Massachusetts took place on November 8 , 1960 as part of the 1960 United States presidential election , which was held throughout all 50 states . Voters chose 16 representatives , or electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . Massachusetts voted overwhelmingly for the Democratic nominee , Senator John F. Kennedy of Massachusetts , over the Republican nominee , Vice President Richard Nixon of California . Kennedy ran with Senate Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson of Texas , while Nixon 's running mate was Ambassador Henry Cabot Lodge , Jr. of Massachusetts . Kennedy carried his home state of Massachusetts in a landslide , taking 60.22 % of the vote to Nixon 's 39.55 % , a Democratic victory margin of 20.67 % . This made it the third most Democratic state in the nation , after Rhode Island and Georgia . As Kennedy narrowly defeated Nixon nationally to win the presidency , Massachusetts weighed in for this election as about 21 % more Democratic than the national average . Massachusetts had been a Democratic-leaning state since 1928 , when the Democratic Party had nominated the first Roman Catholic nominee for president , Al Smith . While Smith lost nationally in a landslide , partially due to anti-Catholic prejudice in much of the country , he won Massachusetts due to the massive turnout and support of the many Irish Catholics in the state . In 1960 , John F. Kennedy would be the second Roman Catholic to be nominated for president by a major party , and again his religion became an issue in some regions of the country . However , there was little doubt that Kennedy , an Irish Catholic born in Brookline , Massachusetts , would be able to carry Massachusetts in his presidential run . Prior to 1960 , Massachusetts had been a swing state , having voted for Democrats Franklin Roosevelt and Harry Truman in the 1930s and 1940s , but voting for Republican Dwight Eisenhower in the 1950s . In 1956 , Eisenhower had carried the state by 19 points . The 21 point margin by which Kennedy won the state four years later thus represented a massive 40 point swing toward the Democrats between the 1956 and 1960 elections . Kennedy 's landslide victory in 1960 finally solidified the transformation of Massachusetts into a Democratic stronghold in the modern era . 1960 was the first election ever in which a Democrat had broken 60 % of the vote in Massachusetts , and thus Kennedy 's 60.22 % was the highest percentage of the vote any Democrat had ever received in the state up to that point . Religion was a major dividing factor in shaping the vote in 1960 . Nixon 's running mate , Henry Cabot Lodge , was also from Massachusetts , and had served the state as a Republican Senator , but was a Protestant , and represented traditional Protestant Yankee Republicanism in Massachusetts . Kennedy , an Irish Catholic Democrat , represented an entirely different strain of Massachusetts politics , the emerging majority coalition of urban and ethnic immigrant voters . In 1952 , Kennedy had first defeated Lodge to take the latter 's U.S. Senate seat , symbolizing this new Democratic coalition 's rise in the state . The residual Yankee Republicanism combined with the popularity of the Republican incumbent Eisenhower allowed Nixon to take a decent 39.55 % of the vote , but by 1960 , the ethnic Catholic vote held a decisive majority in Massachusetts , and turnout among Catholic voters reached record highs in 1960 . Kennedy carried nine of the state 's fourteen counties , including the most heavily populated parts of the state surrounding the large cities of Boston , Worcester , and Springfield . Nixon carried only five counties , three of them island or peninsula counties . Nixon 's most significant win was Plymouth County , which he won narrowly with 51 percent of the vote . Kennedy put in an historically strong performance in the state 's capital and largest city , Boston , home to many Catholics of Irish and Italian immigrant heritage . In Suffolk County , where Boston is located , Kennedy won a landslide with 74.4 percent of the vote to Nixon 's 25 percent , the first time in history that a presidential candidate had received more than 70 percent of the vote in the county . Kennedy was also the first Democrat to carry Norfolk County since Martin van Buren in 1836 . The decisive Democratic win in 1960 would foreshadow the political direction Massachusetts would take in the years to come , as it would become one of the most Democratic states in the nation in the elections that followed . In 1964 and 1968 , Democrats would even outperform Kennedy , and in 1972 it would be the only state in the nation to vote for Democrat George McGovern , ultimately making it the only state that Richard Nixon would never win in any of his three presidential campaigns . The 1960 election was also the last time a candidate who declared Massachusetts as his home state won the presidency regardless of his performance in the state . The next three presidential candidates whose home state was Massachusetts , Michael Dukakis , John Kerry , and Mitt Romney , all lost their presidential bids .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "111970245c66e2d33668f0c6420d8662", "text": "Nevada Senate The Nevada Senate is the upper house of the Nevada Legislature , the state legislature of U.S. state of Nevada . The Senate currently ( 2012-2021 ) consists of 21 members from single-member districts . In the previous redistricting ( 2002-2011 ) there were 19 districts , two of which were multimember . Since 2012 , there have been 21 districts , each formed by combining two neighboring Assembly districts . Each senator represented approximately 128,598 as of the 2010 census . Article Four of The Nevada Constitution sets that Senators serve staggered four-year terms . In addition , the size of the Senate is set to be no less than one-third and no greater than one-half of the size of the Assembly . Term limits , limiting senators to three 4-year terms ( 12 years ) , took effect in 2010 . Because of the change in Constitution , seven senators were termed out in 2010 , four were termed out in 2012 , and one is to be termed out in 2014 . The Senate met at the Nevada State Capitol in Carson City until 1971 , when a separate Legislative Building was constructed south of the Capitol . The Legislative Building was expanded in 1997 to its current appearance to accommodate the growing Legislature .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "25851388c8fe0e4d8b40b14c83dffd99", "text": "Nuclear option The nuclear option is a parliamentary procedure that allows the United States Senate to override a rule or precedent by a simple majority of 51 votes , instead of by a supermajority of 60 votes . The option is invoked by the presiding officer of the body ruling that the validity of a Senate rule or precedent is a constitutional question . The issue is immediately put to the full Senate , which decides by majority vote . The procedure thus allows the Senate to decide any issue by majority vote , regardless of existing procedural rules , such as current Senate rules specifying that ending a filibuster requires the consent of 60 senators ( out of 100 ) for legislation , and 67 for amending a Senate rule . The term `` nuclear option '' is an analogy to nuclear weapons being the most extreme option in warfare . The nuclear option has only been used in practice twice -- in 2013 and 2017 , however the threat to use it dates back at least to 1917 , in opinions related to reform of the Senate 's filibuster rules . Subsequently , an opinion written by Vice President Richard Nixon in 1957 concluded that the U.S. Constitution grants the presiding officer the authority to override existing Senate rules . The option was used to make further rule changes in 1975 . In November 2013 , Senate Democrats used the nuclear option to eliminate filibusters on executive branch nominations and federal judicial appointments other than those to the Supreme Court . On April 6 , 2017 , Senate Republicans used the nuclear option to eliminate the exception for Supreme Court nominees , after the nomination of Neil Gorsuch failed to meet the requirement of 60 votes for ending the debate . Before November 2013 , Senate rules required a three-fifths vote of the `` duly chosen and sworn '' members of the Senate -- ( usually 60 votes ) to end debate on a bill , nomination or other proposal ; they also require a two-thirds vote ( `` present and voting '' -- 67 or more votes ) to end debate on a change to the Senate rules . Those rules effectively allowed a minority of the Senate to block a bill or nomination through the technique of the filibuster . This had resulted in a de facto requirement that a nomination have the support of 60 Senators to pass , rather than a majority of 51 . A three-fifths vote is still required to end debates on legislation . Before April 2017 , Senate rules required a three-fifths vote to confirm nominations for Supreme Court nominees . Under the new nuclear option proceedings , the majority leader and presiding officer , guided by parliamentary experts , go through a series of choreographed steps in which the leader suggests a change to the rules , the presiding officer challenges him , and then the leader calls a second vote on a rules change , which requires only 51 votes . This effectively ends what had become a 60-vote requirement for confirmation of a Supreme Court nominee or the passage of legislation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bfc201293475e261a8145d0713ea4684", "text": "United States Congress The United States Congress is the bicameral legislature of the federal government of the United States consisting of two chambers : the Senate and the House of Representatives . The Congress meets in the Capitol in Washington , D.C. Both senators and representatives are chosen through direct election , though vacancies in the Senate may be filled by a gubernatorial appointment . Members are usually affiliated to the Republican Party or to the Democratic Party , and only rarely to a third party or as independents . Congress has 535 voting members : 435 Representatives and 100 Senators . The House of Representatives has six non-voting members in addition to its 435 voting members . These members can , however , sit on congressional committees and introduce legislation . These members represent Washington , D.C. , Puerto Rico , American Samoa , Guam , the Northern Mariana Islands and the U.S. Virgin Islands . The members of the House of Representatives serve two-year terms representing the people of a single constituency , known as a `` district '' . Congressional districts are apportioned to states by population using the United States Census results , provided that each state has at least one congressional representative . Each state , regardless of population or size , has two senators . Currently , there are 100 senators representing the 50 states . Each senator is elected at-large in their state for a six-year term , with terms staggered , so every two years approximately one-third of the Senate is up for election .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "0109b5c59a7441459e8ebe62725b1004", "text": "England England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west . The Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest . England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south . The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain ( which lies in the North Atlantic ) in its centre and south ; and includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly , and the Isle of Wight . The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period , but takes its name from the Angles , one of the Germanic tribes who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries . England became a unified state in the 10th century , and since the Age of Discovery , which began during the 15th century , has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world . The English language , the Anglican Church , and English law -- the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world -- developed in England , and the country 's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations . The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England , transforming its society into the world 's first industrialised nation . England 's terrain mostly comprises low hills and plains , especially in central and southern England . However , there are uplands in the north ( for example , the mountainous Lake District , and the Pennines ) and in the southwest ( for example , Dartmoor and the Cotswolds ) . The capital is London , which is the largest metropolitan area in both the United Kingdom and the European Union.According to the European Statistical Agency , London is the largest Larger Urban Zone in the EU , a measure of metropolitan area which comprises a city 's urban core as well as its surrounding commuting zone . London 's municipal population is also the largest in the EU . England 's population of over 53 million comprises 84 % of the population of the United Kingdom , largely concentrated around London , the South East , and conurbations in the Midlands , the North West , the North East , and Yorkshire , which each developed as major industrial regions during the 19th century . The Kingdom of England -- which after 1535 included Wales -- ceased being a separate sovereign state on 1 May 1707 , when the Acts of Union put into effect the terms agreed in the Treaty of Union the previous year , resulting in a political union with the Kingdom of Scotland to create the Kingdom of Great Britain . In 1801 , Great Britain was united with the Kingdom of Ireland through another Act of Union to become the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland . In 1922 the Irish Free State seceded from the United Kingdom , leading to the latter being renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "4f940d4ee4e1f2ee4a95d4bd4a5deb38", "text": "Geography of Lincolnshire The ceremonial county of Lincolnshire ( composed of the shire county of Lincolnshire , plus the unitary authorities of North Lincolnshire and North-East Lincolnshire ) is the second largest of the English counties and one that is predominantly agricultural in character . Despite its relatively large physical area , it has a comparatively small population ( of less than 1 million people ) . The unusually low population density that arises gives the county a very different character from the much more densely populated an urbanised counties of south-east and northern England , and is , in many ways , key to understanding the nature of the county ( and perhaps even its people ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a19bd49845d676d93685bad9a5052718", "text": "Rædwald of East Anglia Rædwald ( Rædwald -LSB- - angrædwɑɫd -RSB- , ` power in counsel ' ) , also written as Raedwald or Redwald , was a 7th-century king of East Anglia , a long-lived Anglo-Saxon kingdom which included the present-day English counties of Norfolk and Suffolk . He was the son of Tytila of East Anglia and a member of the Wuffingas dynasty ( named after his grandfather , Wuffa ) , who were the first kings of the East Angles . Details about Rædwald 's reign are scarce , primarily because the Viking invasions of the 9th century destroyed the monasteries in East Anglia where many documents would have been kept . Rædwald reigned from about 599 until his death around 624 , initially under the overlordship of Æthelberht of Kent . In 616 , as a result of fighting the Battle of the River Idle and defeating Æthelfrith of Northumbria , he was able to install Edwin , who was acquiescent to his authority , as the new king of Northumbria . During the battle , both Æthelfrith and Rædwald 's son Rægenhere were killed . From around 616 , Rædwald was the most powerful of the English kings south of the River Humber . According to Bede he was the fourth ruler to hold imperium over other southern Anglo-Saxon kingdoms : he was referred to in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle , written centuries after his death , as a bretwalda ( an Old English term meaning ` Britain-ruler ' or ` wide-ruler ' ) . He was the first king of the East Angles to become a Christian , converting at Æthelberht 's court some time before 605 , whilst at the same time maintaining a pagan temple . In receiving the faith he helped to ensure the survival of Christianity in East Anglia during the apostasy of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of Essex and Kent . He is generally considered by historians to be the most favoured candidate for the occupant of the Sutton Hoo ship-burial , although other theories have been advanced .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "704f7f071d2cf89a82b358dca0166e4d", "text": "Culture of New England The culture of New England comprises a shared heritage and culture primarily shaped by its indigenous peoples , early English colonists , and waves of immigration from Europe , Asia , Africa , and the Americas . In contrast to other American regions , many of New England 's earliest Puritan settlers came from eastern England , contributing to New England 's distinctive accents , foods , customs , and social structures .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8ed77dcf3a8a56fd7babbdc4a2a5a1a", "text": "Continental Europe Continental Europe , also referred to as mainland Europe , or , by Europeans , simply the Continent , is the continuous continent of Europe , excluding surrounding islands . The most common definition of continental Europe excludes continental islands , encompassing the Greek Islands , Cyprus , Malta , Sicily , Sardinia , Corsica , the Balearic Islands , Ireland , Great Britain , the Isle of Man , the Channel Islands , Novaya Zemlya and the Danish archipelago , as well as nearby oceanic islands , including the Canary Islands , Madeira , the Azores , Iceland , the Faroe Islands , and Svalbard . The Scandinavian peninsula is sometimes also excluded , as even though it is technically part of `` mainland Europe '' , the de facto connections to the rest of the continent are across the Baltic Sea or North Sea ( rather than via the lengthy land route that involves travelling to the north of the peninsula where it meets Finland , and then south through north-east Europe ) . The notion of Europe as a geopolitical or cultural term is centred on core Europe ( Kerneuropa ) , the continental territory of the historical Carolingian Empire and the core of Latin Christendom , corresponding to modern France , Italy , Germany ( or German-speaking Europe ) and the Benelux states ( historical Austrasia ) . This historical core of `` Carolingian Europe '' was consciously invoked in the 1950s as the historical ethno-cultural basis for the prospective European integration ( see also Multi-speed Europe ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ae8c2ad430605102cb7bfb7dd40f9f08", "text": "British Assyrians British Assyrians , also known as Assyrian Brits , English Assyrians and Assyrians in the United Kingdom , are members of the Semitic , Eastern Aramaic speaking Assyrian ethnic group ( also known as Chaldo-Assyrians and some by the denominational term Chaldean Catholics ) born or residing in the United Kingdom , numbering approximately 8,000 persons . They are the indigenous Non-Arab , Pre-Arab and Pre-Islamic descendants of the ancient Mesopotamians , and the Assyrians , in particular ( see Assyrian continuity and Assyria ) . Most have migrated from their ancient homelands in northern Iraq , north east Syria , south east Turkey and north west Iran . Concentrations of Assyrians are found in Greenford and in Hanwell , both towns within the London Borough of Ealing . Assyrians mostly migrated from northern Iraq , southeast Turkey , northwest Iran and northeast Syria , an area encompassing the Assyrian homeland . Migration was largely triggered by long standing ethnic and religious persecution in their homelands .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "48c0fb33144bf6111219f8debcea388b", "text": "Navigation Acts The Navigation Acts were a series of English laws that restricted colonial trade to England . They were first enacted in 1651 and throughout that time until 1663 , and were repealed in 1849 . They reflected the policy of mercantilism , which sought to keep all the benefits of trade inside the Empire , and to minimize the loss of gold and silver to foreigners . They prohibited the colonies from trading directly with the Netherlands , Spain , France , and their colonies . The original ordinance of 1651 was renewed at the Restoration by Acts of 1660 , 1663 , 1670 , and 1673 , with subsequent minor amendments . The Acts formed the basis for English overseas trade for nearly 200 years . Additionally the Acts restricted the employment of non-English sailors to a quarter of the crew on returning East India Company ships . The major impetuses for the Navigation Acts were the ruinous deterioration of English trade in the aftermath of the Eighty Years ' War , and the concomitant lifting of the Spanish embargoes on trade between the Spanish Empire and the Dutch Republic . The end of the embargoes in 1647 unleashed the full power of the Amsterdam Entrepôt and other Dutch competitive advantages in world trade . Within a few years , English merchants had practically been overwhelmed in the trade in the Iberian Peninsula , the Mediterranean and the Levant . Even the trade with English colonies ( partly still in the hands of the royalists , as the English Civil War was in its final stages and the Commonwealth of England had not yet imposed its authority throughout the English colonies ) was `` engrossed '' by Dutch merchants . English direct trade was crowded out by a sudden influx of commodities from the Levant , Mediterranean and the Spanish and Portuguese empires , and the West Indies via the Dutch Entrepôt , carried in Dutch ships and for Dutch account . The obvious solution seemed to be to seal off the English and Scottish markets to these unwanted imports . A precedent was the Act the Greenland Company had obtained from Parliament in 1645 prohibiting the import of whale products into England , except in ships owned by that company . This principle was now generalised . In 1648 the Levant Company petitioned Parliament for the prohibition of imports of Turkish goods '' ... from Holland and other places but directly from the places of their growth . '' Baltic traders added their voices to this chorus . In 1650 the Standing Council for Trade and the Council of State of the Commonwealth prepared a general policy designed to impede the flow of Mediterranean and colonial commodities via Holland and Zeeland into England . On the whole , the Acts of Trade and Navigation were obeyed , except for the Molasses Act of 1733 , which led to extensive smuggling because no effective means of enforcement was provided until the 1750s . Stricter enforcement under the Sugar Act of 1764 became one source of resentment of Great Britain by merchants in the American colonies . This in turn helped push the colonies to start the American Revolution in the late 18th century , even though the consensus view among modern economic historians and economists is that the `` costs imposed on -LSB- American -RSB- colonists by the trade restrictions of the Navigation Acts were small . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1bc7fbefc48531de84eb8c3930732e8f", "text": "Battle of the Holme The Battle of the Holme took place in East Anglia on 13 December 902 between the Anglo-Saxon men of Kent and the East Anglian Danes . Its location is unknown but may have been Holme in Huntingdonshire ( now part of Cambridgeshire ) . Following the death of Alfred the Great in 899 , his son Edward the Elder became king , but his cousin Æthelwold , the son of Alfred 's elder brother , King Æthelred , claimed the throne . His bid was unsuccessful , and he fled to the Northumbrian Danes , who , according to one version of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle , accepted him as king . In 902 Æthelwold came with a fleet to Essex and the following year he persuaded the East Anglian Danes to attack Mercia and north Wessex . Edward retaliated by ravaging East Anglia and the Danish army was forced to return to defend its own territory . Edward then retreated , but the men of Kent disobeyed the order to retire , and they met the Danes at the battle of the Holme . The course of the battle is unknown , but the Danes appear to have won as according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle they `` kept the place of slaughter '' . However , they suffered heavy losses including Æthelwold , Eohric , probably the Danish king of East Anglia , Brihtsige , son of the ætheling Beornoth , and two holds , Ysopa and Oscetel . The battle thus ended Æthelwold 's Revolt . Kentish losses included Sigehelm , father of Edward the Elder 's third wife , Eadgifu of Kent . The West Saxon chronicler who gave the fullest account of the battle was at pains to explain why Edward and the rest of the English were not present , as if this had been a subject of criticism .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a4020e52d1980bd654a53d0d6ae1b835", "text": "List of Celtic place names in Italy The Celtic toponymy of Italy are the place names that , through the reconstruction of the historical and linguistic origin , are attributed to language of Celts allocated once in Italy , between the northern regions and in some areas of central Italy . It deals with linguistic varieties of `` fragmentary attestation '' from two strands of Celtic peoples : 1 ) the oldest , perhaps already settled in the Bronze Age , the ancestors of the Celts of Golasecca culture , who spoke a language ( the so-called Lepontic language ) which is more archaic , more conservative Gaulish language ; 2 ) groups of Gauls that penetrated in Italy in the fourth century BC ( and probably also in earlier stages ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2bdb5ef954758e3fde180ef7aa81fb74", "text": "Literature of England The literature of England is literature written in what is now England , or by English writers . It consists mainly of English literature - i.e. literature written in the English language - but there are important examples of literature from England written in other languages .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "af88fde5e8b51a700701198ef5758d28", "text": "Anglo-Saxon weaponry Many different weapons were created and used in Anglo-Saxon England between the fifth and eleventh centuries . Spears were the most common weapon , and were used for piercing and throwing ( in which case the spear would be called a javelin ) . Other commonplace weapons included the sword , axe , and knife -- bows and arrows , as well as slings , were not frequently used by the Anglo-Saxons . For defensive purposes , the shield was the most common item used by warriors , although mail and helmets were sometimes used . Weapons also had symbolic value for the Anglo-Saxons , apparently having strong connections to gender and social status . Weapons were commonly included as grave goods in the early Anglo-Saxon burials . The vast majority of these weapons were buried in male graves , but there were some exceptions . In a non-funerary context , weapons were occasionally deposited in the ground or near rivers . However , the establishment of a literate Christian clergy in Anglo-Saxon England resulted in the production of several textual sources which describe weapons and their usage in battle . Some of these literary sources include the poems Beowulf and The Battle of Maldon .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "da81f8aded3228eeffc029b97bab3ec4", "text": "Kingdom of Sussex Sussex ( -LSB- ˈsʌsɪks -RSB- Sūþseaxna rīce , `` kingdom of the South Saxons '' ) was a Saxon colony and later independent kingdom of the Saxons , on the south coast of England . The South Saxons were ruled by the kings of Sussex .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f3cd21922b8130b04ca28289fe232c44", "text": "Old English literature Old English literature or Anglo-Saxon literature , encompasses literature written in Old English , in Anglo-Saxon England from the 7th century to the decades after the Norman Conquest of 1066 . `` Cædmon 's Hymn '' , composed in the 7th century , according to Bede , is often considered the oldest extant poem in English , whereas the later poem , The Grave is one of the final poems written in Old English , and presents a transitional text between Old and Middle English . The Peterborough Chronicle can also be considered a late-period text , continuing into the 12th century . The poem Beowulf , which often begins the traditional canon of English literature , is the most famous work of Old English literature . The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle has also proven significant for historical study , preserving a chronology of early English history . In descending order of quantity , Old English literature consists of : sermons and saints ' lives ; biblical translations ; translated Latin works of the early Church Fathers ; Anglo-Saxon chronicles and narrative history works ; laws , wills and other legal works ; practical works on grammar , medicine , geography ; and poetry . In all there are over 400 surviving manuscripts from the period , of which about 189 are considered `` major '' . Besides Old English literature , Anglo-Saxons wrote a number of Anglo-Latin works .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "96286d7f0017456c1ee319473ddff4a0", "text": "Foreign language influences in English The core of English language descends from Old English , the language brought with the Angles , Saxon and Jutish settlers to what was to be called England in and after the 500s . The bulk of the language in spoken and written texts is from this source . As a statistical rule , around 70 % of words in any text are Anglo-Saxon . Moreover , the grammar is largely Anglo-Saxon . While some new words enter English as slang , most do n't . Some words are adopted from other languages ; some are mixtures of existing words ( portmanteau words ) , and some are new creations made of roots from dead languages : e.g. thanatopsis .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "471988de30007725fde9ab307a52eab4", "text": "Culture of the United Kingdom The culture of the United Kingdom is influenced by the UK 's history as a developed island country , a liberal democracy and a major power ; its predominantly Christian religious life ; and its composition of four countries -- England , Wales , Scotland and Northern Ireland -- each of which has distinct customs , cultures and symbolism . The wider culture of Europe has also influenced British culture , and Humanism , Protestantism and representative democracy developed from broader Western culture . British literature , music , cinema , art , theatre , comedy , media , television , philosophy , architecture and education are important aspects of British culture . The United Kingdom is also prominent in science and technology , producing world-leading scientists ( e.g. Isaac Newton and Charles Darwin ) and inventions . Sport is an important part of British culture ; numerous sports originated in the country , including football . The UK has been described as a `` cultural superpower '' , and London has been described as a world cultural capital . The Industrial Revolution , which started in the UK , had a profound effect on the socio-economic and cultural conditions of the world . As a result of the British Empire , significant British influence can be observed in the language , law , culture and institutions of a geographically wide assortment of countries , including Australia , Canada , India , the Republic of Ireland , New Zealand , Nigeria , Pakistan , South Africa , the United States and English speaking Caribbean nations . These states are sometimes collectively known as the Anglosphere , and are among Britain 's closest allies . In turn the empire also influenced British culture , particularly British cuisine . The cultures of England , Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland are diverse and have varying degrees of overlap and distinctiveness .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ae2306a11e267ad2dfa4cd79f855134", "text": "Angles The Angles ( Anglii ) were one of the main Germanic peoples who settled in Great Britain in the post-Roman period . They founded several of the kingdoms of Anglo-Saxon England , and their name is the root of the name England . The name comes from the district of Angeln , an area located on the Baltic shore of what is now Schleswig-Holstein .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b19f3a44123b074a24030c5dcc380985", "text": "Anglo-Saxon law Anglo-Saxon law ( Old English ǣ , later lagu `` law '' ; dōm `` decree , judgement '' ) is a body of written rules and customs that were in place during the Anglo-Saxon period in England , before the Norman conquest . This body of law , along with early Scandinavian law and Germanic law , descended from a family of ancient Germanic custom and legal thought . However , Anglo-Saxon law codes are distinct from other early Germanic legal statements - known as the leges barbarorum - in part because they were written in Anglo-Saxon , instead of in Latin . The laws of the Anglo-Saxons were the second in medieval Western Europe after those of the Irish to be expressed in a language other than Latin .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d6e8c6bbd8884f9248dbb0048235a30d", "text": "History of education in England The history of education in England can be documented to the Anglo-Saxons ' settlement of England . During the Middle Ages , schools were established to teach Latin grammar to the sons of the aristocracy , as part of preparation also for the entry of some into the clergy and religious orders . The church preserved literacy and learning during this period , and education was closely tied to the religious vocation , in order to read the Bible and related documents . Apprenticeship was the main way for youths to enter practical occupations . Two universities were established in affiliation with the church : the University of Oxford , followed by the University of Cambridge , both related closely to training for clergy . A reformed system of `` free grammar schools '' was established in the reign of Edward VI . The Protestant Reformation had a major influence on education and literacy in England , as it encouraged the reading of the Bible in the vernacular of the people . ( Formerly , the Bible was printed only in Latin , the official language of the Catholic Church . ) Counties in the east of England , which had frequent interaction with the Low Countries , where the Reformation movement had flourished , developed a higher rate of literacy in the early years of the Reformation than did other areas of England . In the 19th century the Church of England sponsored most formal education until the government established free , compulsory education towards the end of that century . University College London was established as the first secular college in England , open to students of all religions ( or none , ) followed by King 's College London ; the two institutions formed the University of London . Durham University was also established in the early nineteenth century . Towards the end of the century , the `` redbrick '' universities , new public universities , were founded . The 1944 Education Act established the Tripartite System of grammar schools and secondary modern schools . The school leaving age was raised to 16 in 1972 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "13643c1214cc01c4799304ca9f35bdec", "text": "List of monarchs of Kent This is a list of the kings of the Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Kent . The regnal dates for the earlier kings are known only from Bede , who piously expunged apostates ( Unde cunctis placuit regum tempora computantibus , ut ablata de medio regum perfidorum memoria , idem annus sequentis regis ) , and seems also to have deliberately suppressed details of short or joint reigns in order to produce an orderly sequence ( he had no place for Æðelwald or Eormenred ) . Generally more than one king ruled in Kent . Some kings are known mainly from charters , of which several are forgeries , while others have been subjected to tampering in order to reconcile them with the erroneous king lists of chroniclers , baffled by blanks , and confused by concurrent reigns and kings with similar or identical names . It is commonplace for the later kings to be referred to as subkings , but the actual rank used is always rex , never regulus ( except for a late legend concerning Eormenred ) . The usual style was simply King of Kent ( rex Cantiae ) or King of the Kentish Men ( rex Cantuariorum ) . Territorial division within Kent is not alluded to , except by Eadberht I ( rex Cantuariorum terram dimidii ) and Sigered ( rex dimidie partis prouincie Cantuariorum ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "47c0cffb322c4a623983e0d3bcf1cf59", "text": "Scandinavian Peninsula The Scandinavian Peninsula ( Skandinaviska halvön Den skandinaviske halvøy Skandinavian niemimaa ? Скандинавский полуостров , Skandinavsky poluostrov ) is a peninsula in Northern Europe , which generally comprises the mainland of Sweden , the mainland of Norway ( with the exception of a small coastal area bordering Russia ) , the northwestern area of Finland , as well as a narrow area in the west of the Pechengsky District of Russia . The name of the peninsula is derived from the term Scandinavia , the cultural region of Denmark , Norway and Sweden . That cultural name is in turn derived from the name of Scania , the region at the southern extremity of the peninsula which has during periods been part of Denmark , which is the ancestral home of the Danes , and which is now part of Sweden . The derived term `` Scandinavian '' also refers to the Germanic peoples who speak North Germanic languages , considered to be a dialect continuum derived from Old Norse . These modern North Germanic languages found in Scandinavia are Danish , Norwegian , and Swedish ; additionally Faroese and Icelandic belong to the same language group , but they are not part of the modern Scandinavian dialect continuum and are not intelligible with the other languages . The Scandinavian Peninsula is the largest peninsula of Europe , larger than the Balkan , the Iberian and the Italian peninsulas . During the Ice Ages , the sea level of the Atlantic Ocean dropped so much that the Baltic Sea , the Gulf of Bothnia and the Gulf of Finland disappeared , and the countries now surrounding them , including Germany , Poland , the other Baltic countries and Scandinavia , were directly joined by land .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e7824be38b2b2c86df1dd56551333636", "text": "Anglo-Saxon (disambiguation) Anglo-Saxon may refer to : Anglo-Saxon economy , modern macroeconomic term Anglo-Saxon world , modern societies based on or influenced by English customs Anglo-Saxons , Germanic tribes that settled down in Britain and founded England Anglo-Saxon England , their history Old English , their language , one of various ships White Anglo-Saxon Protestant , an ethnicity", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "21bcbaaeffa00edf048796c6a8efa535", "text": "Portia de Rossi Portia Lee James DeGeneres ( born Amanda Lee Rogers ; January 31 , 1973 ) , also known professionally as Portia de Rossi ( -LSB- ˈpɔərʃə_də_ˈrɒsi -RSB- ) , is an Australian and American actress , model , and philanthropist . She appeared as a regular cast member on the American political thriller television series Scandal in the role of Elizabeth North from 2014 to 2017 . She is also known for her roles as lawyer Nelle Porter on the American television series Ally McBeal -- for which she won a Screen Actors Guild Award in 1999 -- and as Lindsay Fünke on the American television sitcom Arrested Development . She also portrayed Veronica Palmer on the ABC television sitcom Better Off Ted , and Olivia Lord on the television drama Nip/Tuck . De Rossi is married to comedian and television host Ellen DeGeneres .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "6441b2e98b6a2ff5a3dc65face5ec5a6", "text": "Sanremo Music Festival 2004 The Sanremo Music Festival 2004 was the 54th annual Sanremo Music Festival , held at the Teatro Ariston in Sanremo , province of Imperia , between 2 and 6 March 2004 and broadcast by Rai 1 . The show was presented by Simona Ventura , supported by Paola Cortellesi and Gene Gnocchi . Composer Tony Renis served as the artistic director . For the first time since 1984 , in this edition there is not a division of the singers in two sections ( Big Artists and Newcomers ) but a single competition . As was the case in 1975 , due to disagreements between the organizer of the festival Tony Renis and the major record companies , the latter boycotted the festival not inserting their prominent names in the competition . The winner of the competition was Marco Masini with the song `` L'uomo volante '' . Mario Venuti won the critics prize with the song `` Crudele '' . In addition to musical guests , the guests of this edition also included Dustin Hoffman , Cirque du Soleil , Stefania Sandrelli , Rupert Everett , Raoul Bova , Roberto Bolle . After every night , Bruno Vespa and Alba Parietti hosted a special edition of the talk show Porta a Porta with the participation of singers and journalists .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "73579cd325376f98056507847056dae2", "text": "Portia (The Merchant of Venice) Portia is the heroine of William Shakespeare 's The Merchant of Venice . A rich , beautiful , and intelligent heiress , she is bound by the lottery set forth in her father 's will , which gives potential suitors the chance to choose between three caskets composed of gold , silver and lead . If they choose the right casket -- the casket containing Portia 's portrait and a scroll -- they win Portia 's hand in marriage . If they choose the wrong casket , they must leave and never seek another woman in marriage . Portia is glad when two suitors , one driven by greed and another by vanity , fail to choose correctly . She favours Bassanio , a young Venetian noble , but is not allowed to give him any clues to assist in his choice . Later in the play , she disguises herself as a man , then assumes the role of a lawyer 's apprentice ( named Balthazar ) whereby she saves the life of Bassanio 's friend , Antonio , in court . Portia is one of the most prominent and appealing of the heroines in Shakespeare 's mature romantic comedies . She is beautiful , gracious , rich , intelligent , and quick-witted , with high standards for her potential romantic partners . She obeys her father 's will , while steadfastly seeking to obtain Bassanio . She demonstrates tact to the Princes of Morocco and Aragon , who unsuccessfully seek her hand . In the court scenes , Portia finds a technicality in the bond , thereby outwitting Shylock and saving Antonio 's life when everyone else fails . It is Portia who delivers one of the most famous speeches in The Merchant of Venice : The strength of the role of Portia has made it attractive to many notable actresses . Frances Abington , Sarah Siddons and Elizabeth Whitlock all played Portia in the 18th century when actresses first started appearing on stage in performances of the play . More recently , the role has been depicted in the cinema and on television by a number of notable actresses such as Maggie Smith , Claire Bloom , Sybil Thorndike , Joan Plowright , Caroline John and Gemma Jones . Despite Portia 's lack of formal legal training , she wins her case by referring to the details of the exact language of the law . Her success involves prevailing on technicalities rather than the merits of the situation . She uses the tactics of what is sometimes called a Philadelphia lawyer . However , the concept of rhetoric and its abuse is also brought to light by Portia -- highlighting the idea that an unjust argument may win through eloquence , loopholes and technicalities , regardless of the moral question at hand -- and thus provoking the audience to consider that issue .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "aedc41d9b820bb8af900b0ed4d7d6c2a", "text": "Giannetto De Rossi Giannetto De Rossi ( born 1942 ) is an Italian make up artist who has worked on films such as Emanuelle in America , Zombie 2 and Dune .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d02104a40736540e27e3e32e85dc188d", "text": "The Age of the Medici The Age of the Medici , originally released in Italy as L'età di Cosimo de Medici ( The Age of Cosimo de Medici ) , is a 1973 3-part TV series about the Renaissance in Florence , directed by Roberto Rossellini . The series was shot in English in the hope of securing a North American release , which it failed to achieve , and was later dubbed into Italian and shown on state television . The films are : Cosimo de Medici , The Power of Cosimo and Leon Battista Alberti : Humanism . It is Fred Ward 's debut role . Like several other TV series directed by Rossellini during the 1970s , The Age of the Medici is a form of docudrama , in which historical information is communicated via dramatized conversations between figures from history , and between ordinary people . They are unabashedly `` teaching films . '' As Dave Kehr explains , `` The dialogue is bluntly didactic , with characters telling one another things they would already know entirely for the benefit of the audience ... . Rossellini is n't asking his viewers to identify with his characters or become caught up in their personal dramas ... Instead he creates a detached perspective . '' Each scene plays out in a single long take , with the camera slowly moving and zooming to create different framings of the action , or , as Kehr puts it , `` to close in on details or investigate relationships '' . When the films debuted in New York 's Public Theater in 1973 , New York Times movie critic Vincent Canby noted that while not difficult , the austere style of the films , `` as well as Rossellini 's total lack of concern for what might be called performance , take some getting used to . Yet once you 've grasped the method and the rhythm of the films , they are a ravishingly beautiful experience '' : The actors make few attempts to act . They recite as they walk about magnificent locations , sounding and looking like ferociously gifted dress-extras . The talk has been rather flatly dubbed into English so that it 's not always possible to tell who is speaking.Forget these problems , though . The film is about what is being said and what you can see around and behind these figures . When you connect with The Age of the Medici , it has the effect of reducing every other film you 've seen recently to the status of an ornament .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "85500c08d546ac083ca483b10273346a", "text": "Portlandia (TV series) Portlandia is a sketch comedy television series set and filmed in and around Portland , Oregon , starring Fred Armisen and Carrie Brownstein . The show is produced by Broadway Video Television and IFC Original Productions . It was created by Fred Armisen and Carrie Brownstein , along with Jonathan Krisel , who directs it . It debuted on IFC on January 21 , 2011 . The show shares its title with the sculpture of the same name that sits above the entrance of the Portland Building on Fifth Avenue in downtown Portland , which appears in the show 's title sequence . The show has won a Peabody Award . In January 2017 , the series was renewed for an eighth and final season to debut in 2018 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54b34bde860f82c3d3efe616271f2f7a", "text": "DeGeneres DeGeneres is a surname . Notable people with the surname include : Betty DeGeneres ( born 1930 ) , mother of Ellen DeGeneres and American activist . Ellen DeGeneres ( born 1958 ) , American stand-up comedian , television hostess , and actress . Vance DeGeneres ( born 1954 ) , American actor , older brother of Ellen DeGeneres . Portia de Rossi , or Portia DeGeneres ( born 1973 ) , wife of Ellen DeGeneres and American actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "11ed4a760583d3c606469acdd4434836", "text": "Italia's Got Talent Italia 's Got Talent is the Italian version of the international Got Talent series . The pilot episode was aired on 12 December 2009 on Canale 5 and it was seen by 5.3 million people . After this episode , Mediaset decided to hold on this show with a full-length season . The first season started on 12 April 2010 with high ratings and continued broadcasting . Maria De Filippi , Gerry Scotti and Rudy Zerbi are the three judges . The sixth series ( 2015 ) will face many changes . It has been aired by pay-TV Sky Uno , the entertainment-purposed channel of Sky Italy , owned by News Corporation . The host is the Spanish-born Italian actress and model Vanessa Incontrada . No judges from the previous series have been confirmed : the new panel face the arrival of actor Claudio Bisio , actress and comedian Luciana Littizzetto , singer Nina Zilli and YouTube star Frank Matano . Talents are competing for $ 100,000 . The final has been simulcast by Sky Uno and Cielo . The seventh season is being aired in simulcast on Sky Uno and TV8 , a brand new free channel of Sky Italia , together with Planet 's Got Talent .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d51e1431e55b685316984432371d45b8", "text": "Melbourne City Opera CitiOpera , originally known as Melbourne City Opera , is a semi-professional opera company based in Melbourne , Australia . Formed in 1997 , it was the successor of Globe Opera . In 2007 the company began performing at the BMW Edge , a 450-seat indoor amphitheatre located in Federation Square . Initially the company made its home at the National Theatre , the Comedy Theatre and later at the Melbourne Athenaeum , and featured Suzanne Steele , Ronald Dowd , Margaret Nisbett , Maureen Howard , and Ron Stevens in productions of La bohème , Faust , Carmen , Pagliacci , Cavalleria rusticana , Madama Butterfly , The Merry Widow , Die Fledermaus , The Student Prince , and many others . The 2007 season began with productions of Verdi 's Il corsaro , Attila and The Pavarotti Story , devised and narrated by director Joseph Talia and conducted by Erich Fackert . In 2008 the season commenced with a concert production of Beethoven 's Fidelio at Melba Hall , University of Melbourne . The company presented The Puccini Story in honour of the 150th anniversary of the birth of Giacomo Puccini . This program was an analysis of how Puccini 's personal characteristics impacted on the creation of his characters and the composition of his music . In March 2009 , the company staged Verdi 's Ernani . Melbourne City Opera staged Verdi 's Luisa Miller in September 2009 , Andrea Chénier in June 2010 , La rondine in November 2010 and presented a tribute to Dame Joan Sutherland in November 2011 at the BMW Edge .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "05ed48a6d0ba05cc83a75761a27bc9b0", "text": "Rai 5 Rai 5 is an Italian television channel owned by Rai and broadcast on Digital terrestrial television in Italy . The channel replaced Rai Extra . It broadcasts programs about art , fashion , dance , opera , theatre , cuisine , travel , and documentary films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "93a09fdf79f1258f17b52dbe5dad9251", "text": "Drea de Matteo Drea de Matteo ( -LSB- dreɪ_də_məˈteɪoʊ -RSB- born January 19 , 1972 ) is an American actress , known for her roles as Angie Bolen on ABC 's Desperate Housewives , Joey Tribbiani 's sister Gina on the NBC sitcom Joey , Wendy Case on FX series Sons of Anarchy , and Adriana La Cerva on the HBO TV series The Sopranos , a role for which she won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series . She currently stars as Det. Tess Nazario in NBC 's Shades of Blue .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e73d550557132dfd3690e842b7f3403a", "text": "La piovra La Piovra ( -LSB- la ˈpjɔːvra -RSB- ; The Octopus , referring to `` The Mafia '' ) is an Italian television drama miniseries about the Mafia . The story was by Sandro Petraglia . The production was designed by Luigi Perelli . The soundtrack was by Riz Ortolani and later by Ennio Morricone , who went on to compose music for several sequels . All 10 series have been released in Australia on DVD by Aztec International Entertainment , with English subtitles , having been originally aired on the Special Broadcasting Service television channel . It was also broadcast on MHz Networks in the United States . The first three series were shown in the UK on Channel 4 . The TV drama was successful in the USSR , where it appeared on state TV in 1986 in Albania , in Romania , and in Bulgaria , where is appeared in the end of the 1980s ( in its seventh season , the show featured Bulgarian actor Stefan Danailov ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d1318f050505addfbd673cb69ccce0c9", "text": "Ma il portiere non c'è mai? Ma il portiere non c ' è mai ? is an Italian television series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d830dbc2e18aa4f712949a97749dc752", "text": "La donna del lago La donna del lago ( The Lady of the Lake ) is an opera composed by Gioachino Rossini with a libretto by Andrea Leone Tottola ( whose verses are described as `` limpid '' by one critic ) based on the French translation of The Lady of the Lake , a narrative poem written in 1810 by Sir Walter Scott , whose work continued to popularize the image of the romantic highlands . Scott 's basic story has been noted as coming from `` the hint of an incident stemming from the frequent custom of James V , the King of Scotland , of walking through the kingdom in disguise '' . It was the first of the Italian operas to be based on Scott 's romantic works , and marked the beginning of romanticism in Rossini 's work . It was `` deeply influential in the development of Italian romantic opera '' to the extent that by 1840 ( barely 20 years after this opera ) , there were 25 Italian operas based on his works , the most famous being Donizetti 's Lucia di Lammermoor of 1835 . Others in German , French and English followed . Written for the Teatro San Carlo in Naples , this was the seventh of nine operas which Rossini wrote for that house between 1815 and 1822 . Although the première on 24 September 1819 was not a success , there followed many performances throughout major European venues ( as well as being presented in Cuba and by major South American houses ) until about 1860 , after which the opera disappeared until 1958 . In modern times , performances have been given fairly frequently .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cb155e7c7fca45c93595ed997188530c", "text": "The Catherine Tate Show The Catherine Tate Show is a British television sketch comedy written by Catherine Tate and Aschlin Ditta . Tate also stars in all but one of the show 's sketches , which feature a wide range of characters . The Catherine Tate Show airs on BBC Two and is shown worldwide through the BBC . Collectively , the show has been nominated for six BAFTA Awards , two British Comedy Awards and an Emmy Award , and it has won two Royal Television Society Awards , two British Comedy Awards and a National Television Award since its debut in 2004 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eeca6f8a49edf720ebd21bbccdd4c05f", "text": "Signore e signora Signore e signora is an Italian sitcom .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "238ae6050262e813ceba3f982d9d88dc", "text": "Carolina Oliveira Carolina Machado de Oliveira ( born November 29 , 1994 , in São José dos Campos , Brazil ) is a Brazilian actress . In 2005 , she was nominated for an International Emmy for her role in the show Hoje É Dia de Maria .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d7c8db631d953b41bd7f584aeea9fd2", "text": "O Rebu O Rebu ( Literally English : The Fuss , International Title : The Party ) is a Brazilian late night telenovela written by George Moura and Sérgio Goldenberg ( based on Bráulio Pedroso 's original story ) and directed by José Luiz Villamarim . O Rebu '' 's plot is loosely based on the 1974 telenovela of the same name , featuring an innovative narrative : the whole story takes place in 24 hours . The series premiered on Monday , July 14 , 2014 on a special time at 10:30 p.m. ( BRT/AMT ) on Rede Globo . A total of 36 episodes of 35 minutes were produced . O Rebu '' aired 4 episodes per week , Monday to Friday ( minus Wednesday due the 2014 Football season games broadcast ) at 11:15 p.m. ( BRT/AMT ) . Patrícia Pillar , Tony Ramos , Sophie Charlotte and Daniel de Oliveira star as the protagonists , while Cássia Kis and José de Abreu star as the antagonists .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "46e7c2bfc31a3780f4dfb23bedcc3cec", "text": "A Woman as a Friend A Woman as a Friend ( Una donna per amica ) is a 2014 romantic comedy film written and directed by Giovanni Veronesi and starring Fabio De Luigi and Laetitia Casta .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "19e4e9147e7dd16bf218f3c86b3e9a95", "text": "Portlandia (season 7) The seventh season of the television comedy Portlandia premiered on IFC in the United States on January 5 , 2017 , consisting a total of 10 episodes . The series stars Fred Armisen and Carrie Brownstein .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4b1e6871c0440fbebe3d402d37eb0c81", "text": "De Rossi De Rossi is an Italian surname , and may refer to : Alessandra De Rossi , Philippine actress Assunta De Rossi , Philippine actress Azariah dei Rossi , an Italian-Jewish physician and scholar Bernardo de Rossi , Italian theologian and historian Bernardo de ' Rossi , Italian bishop Daniele De Rossi , Italian footballer Fabrizio De Rossi , a fictional character in the 1997 film Titanic Giovan Antonio de ' Rossi , ( 1616 -- 1695 ) , Italian architect of the Baroque Giovanni Battista de Rossi , 19th-century Italian archaeologist Giovanni Bernardo De Rossi , 19th-century Italian Christian Hebraist Mattia de Rossi , ( 1637 -- 1695 ) , Italian architect of the Baroque Properzia de ' Rossi , Italian Renaissance sculptor Portia de Rossi , Australian actress Saint Giovanni Battista de Rossi , 18th-century Roman priest", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "d9b6f3ed806ac36d1cbcc32e337e2879", "text": "Tiger Woods Eldrick Tont `` Tiger '' Woods ( born December 30 , 1975 ) is an American professional golfer who is among the most successful golfers of all time . He has been one of the highest-paid athletes in the world for several years . Following an outstanding junior , college , and amateur career , Woods turned professional at the age of 20 , at the end of the summer in 1996 . By April 1997 he had already won his first major , the 1997 Masters . Woods won this tournament in a record-breaking performance , winning by 12 strokes while pocketing $ 486,000 . He first reached the number one position in the world rankings in June 1997 , after less than a year as a professional . Throughout the 2000s , Woods was the dominant force in golf ; from August 1999 to September 2004 ( 264 weeks ) and from June 2005 to October 2010 ( 281 weeks ) , Woods was the top-ranked men 's golfer in the world . From December 2009 to early April 2010 , Woods took leave from professional golf to focus on his personal life after he admitted infidelity . Despite attempts at reconciliation , he and his wife Elin Nordegren eventually divorced . His many alleged extramarital indiscretions were revealed by several women , through many worldwide media sources . This was followed by a loss of golf form , and his ranking gradually fell to a low of No. 58 in November 2011 . He ended a career-high winless streak of 107 weeks when he triumphed in the Chevron World Challenge in December 2011 . After winning the Arnold Palmer Invitational on March 25 , 2013 , he ascended to the No. 1 ranking once again , holding the top spot until May 2014 . Woods had back surgery in April 2014 and September 2015 and has struggled since to regain his dominant form . By March 29 , 2015 , Woods had fallen to # 104 , outside of the top 100 for the first time since 1996 . In May 2016 , Woods dropped out of the world top 500 for the first time in his professional career . Woods has broken numerous golf records . He has been World Number One for the most consecutive weeks and for the greatest total number of weeks of any golfer . He has been awarded PGA Player of the Year a record eleven times , the Byron Nelson Award for lowest adjusted scoring average a record eight times , and has the record of leading the money list in ten different seasons . He has won 14 professional major golf championships , the second-highest of any player ( Jack Nicklaus leads with 18 ) , and 79 PGA Tour events , second all time behind Sam Snead , who had 82 wins . He has more career major wins and career PGA Tour wins than any other active golfer . He is the youngest player to achieve the career Grand Slam , and the youngest and fastest to win 50 tournaments on tour . Additionally , Woods is only the second golfer ( after Nicklaus ) to have achieved a career Grand Slam three times . Woods has won 18 World Golf Championships , and won at least one of those events in each of the first 11 years after they began in 1999 . Woods and Rory McIlroy are the only golfers to win both The Silver Medal and The Gold Medal at The Open Championship .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "6a4b7e5fb62028dbbf3fd57e8c6574f9", "text": "1922 PGA Championship The 1922 PGA Championship was the fifth PGA Championship , held August 14 -- 18 at Oakmont Country Club in Oakmont , Pennsylvania , a suburb northeast of Pittsburgh . The match play field of 64 competitors qualified by sectional tournaments . This was the first PGA Championship with a field of 64 in the bracket ; the previous four had fields of 32 players . In the Friday final , Gene Sarazen defeated Emmet French , 4 & 3 . Sarazen , age 20 , also won the U.S. Open a month earlier near Chicago . Defending champion Walter Hagen did not enter this year due to exhibition engagements ; the two champions met the following year in the finals , won by Sarazen . This was the first of eleven major championships at Oakmont ; three PGA Championships and eight U.S. Opens through 2013 . It has hosted the U.S. Amateur five times and the U.S. Women 's Open twice . The PGA Championship returned in 1951 and 1978 . Sarazen was the first of four players in history to win the U.S. Open and the PGA Championship in the same calendar year . He was followed by Ben Hogan in 1948 and Jack Nicklaus in 1980 . Through 2012 , Tiger Woods is the last to win both , in 2000 , part of his Tiger Slam of four consecutive majors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e8d919ec805751dc1dc933e50ab5fa58", "text": "Bass Pro Shops Legends of Golf The Bass Pro Shops Legends of Golf at Big Cedar is a golf tournament on the PGA Tour Champions . Beginning in 2014 , it will be played at Big Cedar Lodge on the par-3 Top of the Rock course , designed by Jack Nicklaus and the 18-hole Buffalo Ridge course , redesigned by Tom Fazio in Ridgedale , Missouri . The tournament is sponsored by Bass Pro Shops , which owns the Big Cedar Lodge . It is often called `` The tournament that launched the Champions Tour '' . From 1978 until 2012 , it was known as the Liberty Mutual Insurance Legends of Golf in Savannah , Georgia at The Club at Savannah Harbor . Liberty Mutual was the main sponsor of the tournament . It currently consists of two separate events using four-ball and alternate shot formats with two-man teams : the 54-hole Champions Division ( age 50 -- 65 ) and the 45-hole Legends Division ( age 65 + ) ( on the final day of the tournament , held at Top of the Rock , Legends play only the course once , while Champions play the course twice ) . Only the Champions Division event is an official money/official victory event . For 2008 to 2013 , it consisted of three separate events : the Legends Division is a 54-hole two-man team better-ball event for men over 50 , the Raphael Division is a 36-hole two-man team better-ball event for men age 50 -- 69 , and the Demaret Division is a 36-hole two-man team better-ball event for men over 70 . Only the Legends Division event was an official money/official victory event . The tournament was founded in 1978 and consisted of a 54-hole two-man team better-ball event for men over 50 . Its success provided impetus for the formation of the Senior PGA Tour in 1980 . In 1987 , a Legendary Division was added . This consisted of a 36-hole two-man team better-ball event for men over 60 . These teams also competed in the Legends Division - Charles Coody & Dale Douglass won both divisions in 1998 . In 1993 , the 36-hole Demaret Division ( named after tournament co-founder Jimmy Demaret ) was added for men over 70 . For this year alone , all three divisions were competed at individual stroke play . In 2002 , the Legends Division became an individual stroke play event and became an official money event on the Champions Tour . This format remained through 2007 . The Legendary Division was renamed the Raphael Division ( after tournament co-founder Fred Raphael who had died in 2001 ) and became the 36-hole two-man team better-ball event for men over 60 . The purse for the 2014 tournament Champions Division was US$ 2,400,000 , with $ 230,000 going to each member of the winning team .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f5eb94dea6cf21695b9cdb4f477a1f2", "text": "2005 Masters Tournament The 2005 Masters Tournament was the 69th Masters Tournament , played from April 7 -- 10 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta , Georgia . Tiger Woods , 29 , won his fourth green jacket on the first hole of a playoff with Chris DiMarco . Rain was a factor the whole week , and delayed much of the play . The purse was $ 7.0 million with a winner 's share of $ 1.26 million . It was the ninth of Woods ' fourteen major championships . This Masters was the last as competitors for three former champions : Tommy Aaron ( 1973 ) , Billy Casper ( 1970 ) , and six-time winner Jack Nicklaus . Ryan Moore was low amateur at 287 ( − 1 ) , the best score by an amateur since 1978 , and earned an exemption to the 2006 tournament . Jerry Pate , a non-playing invitee , won the 46th Par-3 contest on Wednesday with a five-under 22 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f2cfd7a771495ee858f9b1510df6736", "text": "1995 Masters Tournament The 1995 Masters Tournament was the 59th Masters Tournament , held April 6 -- 9 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta , Georgia . Ben Crenshaw won his second Masters championship , one stroke ahead of runner-up Davis Love III . It was an emotional victory for Crenshaw as it came just days after the death of his mentor , Harvey Penick . Crenshaw and Tom Kite attended the funeral in Texas on Wednesday and did not return to Augusta until that night , on the eve of the first round . The 1995 Masters marked the first major championship for Tiger Woods , who qualified as the 1994 U.S. Amateur champion . A 19-year-old college freshman at Stanford , he tied for 41st place and was the leading amateur , the only one to make the cut . Woods ' average driving distance was the longest in the tournament .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f2aee977d56bd3506d6c0cdbdd9adf2", "text": "Golf instruction Golf instruction is the art of equipping and training golfers to play better golf through improved awareness of swing cause and effects as a result of the actions by their body , the club , and their effect on the golf ball . Most great golfers have a few common elements that make them great including : proper intentionality , swing repeatability to produce an action that fits the golfers intentionality , and a strong level of automaticity for long lasting enjoyment of the game golf . Golf instruction is unique as golf consists of five primary skills : shots from a tee ( most notable : driving that uses a driver ) , full shots from the ground ( mostly known as `` iron shots '' , pitching ( or 3/4 shots designed for distance control , chipping ( short shots around the green the require less than a full swing ) , putting ( 1 club preferably `` the putter '' ) and course strategy or gamesmanship . Proficiency in teaching golf instruction requires not only technical and physical ability , but also knowledge of the rules and etiquette of the game . Golf instruction offered on many platforms in the United States including : the PGA of America , GolfTEC , and independent golfers who `` may '' or `` may not '' have credentials that are recognized by credible teachers certified sources such as the PGA of America . Although there are many great golf instructors in the United States , who are PGA Class A Professionals , not all great instructors carry this status nor find it a major determiner of golf instruction proficiency . Golf Instruction can be wide ranging , but many great modern day instructors are able to diagnose and prescribe swing frustrations accurately and present a clear fix that encourages the golfer in the discovery of lasting repeatability from the specific ailment that `` plagued '' them from a sound repeatable swing to play a golf course successfully ( varying terms of success as a golfer ) Many modern instructors include the following in their diagnosis 1 . visual feedback through video and bio motion analysis 2 . personalized golf club fitting for individual body and swing types 3 . on-course play under real conditions 4 . mental performance development 5 . golf specific body conditioning for optimal golf bio-mechanics Beginning players can start lesson in several ways , but most do so in either a group or individual setting , covering the five primary skills of golf as noted above golf swing . Golf is an asymmetrical exercise that can break body balances , requiring also adequate exercises to keep the balance in muscles . Experienced recreational players often return for instruction , either to fix a specific problem they are encountering or to improve their game . Reconstruction of a golf swing to reach a high level of play often involves series of lessons over an extended period of time . Junior golfers often begin receiving instruction by age 10 or younger , and often retain private teachers even when coached on a high school golf team . Some top instructors who work with professional golfers have become quite well known in their own right over the years , including Harvey Penick , Jack Grout , Dick Harmon , David Leadbetter , Butch Harmon , Hank Haney , Chip Thomson , Sean Foley , and Mike Bennett and Andy Plummer . Some of the teachers maintain teaching facilities or schools where they or their disciples use their methods or systems . A few instructors focus solely on a particular aspect of the sport , such as Dave Pelz with the short game . Some famous golfers have been tightly bound with their instructor , such as Jack Nicklaus with Jack Grout , while in other cases golfers have made high-profile switches from one instructor to another , such as Tiger Woods moving from Butch Harmon to various other instructors . Recreational golfers are constantly seeking tips on how to improve , and the major golf publications such as Golf Magazine and Golf Digest devote substantial portions of their pages to instructional material of various kinds , often written by top-level instructors . Even television broadcasts of professional golf tournaments often contain short instructional segments , delivered by commentators who are also instructors such as Peter Kostis . Golf instruction may be augmented by training aids such as specially weighting or jointed clubs , putting cups for practice on the den room carpet , mini practice tees with feedback for use in garages , et cetera . Some training aids are sold via television infomercials and the more peculiar varieties were satirized in the 1996 film Tin Cup . Golf instruction is no guarantee of success or improved play in the game . Bad mechanics can be deeply ingrained in a subject 's swing , and psychological factors can also hinder progress . The 2009 Golf Channel program The Haney Project : Charles Barkley showcased some of these issues , as Hank Haney attempted to fix former NBA great Charles Barkley 's infamously bad swing .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "02e8b5b247e77d1092f254fa65780408", "text": "1983 Masters Tournament The 1983 Masters Tournament was the 47th Masters Tournament , held April 7 -- 11 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta , Georgia . Seve Ballesteros won his second Masters and third major title , four strokes ahead of runners-up Ben Crenshaw and Tom Kite . Play on Friday was postponed due to heavy rain , and the final round was completed on Monday for the first time since 1973 . Defending champion Craig Stadler was tied for the 54-hole lead with 1976 champion Raymond Floyd , with Ballesteros one stroke back , and two-time champion Tom Watson an additional stroke behind . Ballesteros got off to a fast start in the final round on Monday with a birdie-eagle start . With another birdie at the difficult par-3 fourth , he added four pars and another birdie at the ninth for a five-under 31 on the front nine . Ballesteros cruised to a 69 ( − 3 ) and a comfortable win as neither Stadler , Floyd , nor Watson broke par . During the postponement of Friday 's round , the possibility was raised that the tournament would not complete the entire 72 holes , as the southeastern U.S. was experiencing heavy rains and flooding and forecasts were not favorable . Saturday 's second round went off from split tees ( 1st and 10th ) and six players did not complete their rounds until early Sunday morning . With this extension , the tournament committee did not attempt to complete the final two rounds on Sunday , opting for the third round only on Sunday and the fourth on Monday . Four-time champion Arnold Palmer , 53 , opened with a 68 on Thursday and made the cut at the Masters for the final time . In his 29th Masters , he stated that the conditions on Saturday were the worst he had ever seen at Augusta . Five-time winner Jack Nicklaus , 43 , withdrew before his second round start time due to back spasms experienced while warming up Saturday morning . It was only his second withdrawal as a pro , the first was three years earlier at the 1980 World Series of Golf . Nicklaus had missed only one cut in the previous 23 Masters and made ten consecutive after this year , including his record sixth green jacket in 1986 . It was the final major championship for Sam Snead , 70 , a three-time Masters champion . He withdrew after a first round 79 as he assessed he could not make the cut .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6ef839173b25d996843f7ec8462b5859", "text": "1958 U.S. Open (golf) The 1958 U.S. Open was the 58th U.S. Open , held June 12 -- 14 at Southern Hills Country Club in Tulsa , Oklahoma . Amid oppressive heat and high winds which created difficult scoring conditions , native Oklahoman Tommy Bolt won his only major championship , four strokes ahead of runner-up Gary Player . It was Player 's debut in the U.S. Open at age 22 . Bolt owned the 36-hole lead at 142 ( +2 ) , a stroke ahead of Player . After a third round 69 on Saturday morning , Bolt was at 211 ( +1 ) and three strokes ahead of Gene Littler , who carded a 67 for 214 ( +4 ) . Littler fell back in the final round in the afternoon , shooting a 76 to finish in fourth place . Bolt ran away from the field with a final round 72 for 283 ( +3 ) , four ahead of Player . Bolt was the only player not to record a round of 75 or over during the championship . Ben Hogan , in search of his fifth U.S. Open title , was hampered by an injured left wrist and finished eleven strokes back in a tie for tenth . Eighteen-year-old Jack Nicklaus , in his second U.S. Open , made his first cut and finished in 41st place . Sam Snead missed the cut for the first time in 18 Open appearances . Two-time champion Gene Sarazen missed the cut in his final appearance , while three-time Masters champion Jimmy Demaret also played his final Open , withdrawing after the third round . It was the first of seven major championships at Southern Hills . The U.S. Open returned in 1977 and 2001 and the PGA Championship has been played at the course four times : 1970 , 1982 , 1994 , and 2007 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88317cabea58b05e22d0c4da72d260fa", "text": "1986 Masters Tournament The 1986 Masters Tournament was the 50th Masters Tournament , held April 10 -- 13 at the Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta , Georgia . Jack Nicklaus won his record 18th professional major with a historic one-stroke victory . He shot a final round 65 ( − 7 ) , with a back nine of 30 ( − 6 ) , for a total score of 279 ( − 9 ) . At age 46 , he became the oldest winner of the Masters and the second-oldest winner of any major championship , behind Julius Boros , who was 48 when he captured the PGA Championship in 1968 . The win also gave Nicklaus a record six Masters victories , the first in 1963 , less than ten months after his first major win at the 1962 U.S. Open . The 23-year span of Masters victories and 24-year span of major victories are also records . The runners-up were Tom Kite and Greg Norman , whose near-misses at the Masters are also noteworthy . The winner 's share was $ 144,000 , up from $ 20,000 at Nicklaus ' first win at Augusta in 1963 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0532552a7cfe9dddb256f034b4e1daf0", "text": "Alvis Woods Alvis `` Al '' Woods ( born August 8 , 1953 in Oakland , California ) is a former professional baseball player . He played all or part of seven seasons in Major League Baseball between 1977 and 1986 , primarily as a left fielder . He batted and threw left-handed . Woods was originally drafted by the Montreal Expos in 1971 , but did not sign until being drafted by the Minnesota Twins the following season . He spent several seasons in the minor leagues before being selected by the Toronto Blue Jays in the 1976 Major League Baseball expansion draft . Woods was on the Opening Day roster for the Blue Jays ' inaugural season . In his -- and the team 's -- first ever major league game , on April 7 , 1977 , he entered the game in the fifth inning as a pinch hitter for right fielder Steve Bowling . He proceeded to homer in his first at bat , on the fifth pitch he saw , off Chicago White Sox pitcher Francisco Barrios . He ended the 1977 season with a .284 batting average in 122 games as the regular Blue Jays left fielder . Woods enjoyed a good season in 1979 , appearing a career-high 132 games while hitting .278 with 33 extra-base hits . In 1980 , he recorded career highs in average ( .300 ) , home runs ( 15 ) and RBI ( 47 ) . The next two years he shared outfield duties with George Bell , Lloyd Moseby , Garth Iorg and Barry Bonnell , and also saw action as a designated hitter . Following the 1982 season , Woods was traded to the Oakland Athletics for Cliff Johnson . The A 's released him during spring training , and he re-signed to a minor league contract with the Blue Jays in July . He spent the next two seasons with the Triple-A Syracuse Chiefs , and was released by the Blue Jays at the end of the 1984 season . Woods returned to the Minnesota Twins for the 1985 season , spending the entire year with the Triple-A Toledo Mud Hens . He started 1986 with Toledo , but received a brief call-up in May , and again was brought up to the majors when rosters expanded in September . He became a free agent after the season , and subsequently retired . Overall , in a seven-season career , Woods was a .271 hitter with 35 home runs and 196 RBI in 618 games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "573d23a23a9e54d28df576389c4697fb", "text": "Gene Sauers Gene Craig Sauers ( born August 22 , 1962 ) is an American professional golfer , currently playing on the PGA Tour Champions . He had three wins on the PGA Tour and overcame a deadly skin condition that kept him off the golf course for five years . He won the U.S. Senior Open in 2016 , a senior major championship . Born in Savannah , Georgia , Sauers started him playing golf at the age of nine with his father . He attended Georgia Southern University in Statesboro , turned pro , and joined the PGA Tour in 1984 . Sauers has four dozen top-10 finishes in PGA Tour events including three official wins . His first win was in 1986 at the Bank of Boston Classic ; his second came at the 1989 Hawaiian Open ; his third , which came after a 13-year hiatus , was in 2002 at the final edition of the Air Canada Championship in British Columbia . He also won the Deposit Guaranty Golf Classic in Mississippi in 1990 , opposite the Masters in April , before it was an official money event . He finished two other tournaments in a tie for first place at the end of regulation : the 1992 Bob Hope Chrysler Classic , which he lost on the fourth extra hole of a playoff to John Cook , and the St. Jude Classic in 1994 , which he and Hal Sutton lost to Tour rookie Dicky Pride . After his win in Canada , Sauers received the PGA Comeback Player of the Year award in 2002 . His best finish in a major was a tie for second at the PGA Championship in 1992 . Sauers lost his tour card in 1995 and had to play primarily on the Nike Tour until his PGA Tour victory in 2002 with its two-year exemption . He recorded one victory on the Nike Tour at the 1998 Nike South Carolina Classic , and about a dozen top-10 finishes . Sauers competed on the PGA Tour until 2005 . From 2006 to 2010 , he did not compete professionally after a misdiagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis turned out to be a rare , painful skin condition Stevens-Johnson syndrome , and he was given only a 25-percent chance of survival . His condition had worsened when blood vessels in his arms and legs clogged , causing his skin to burn from the inside out . Although he eventually recovered after many debilitating months , his forearms show the scars of numerous skin grafts . Sauers finally overcame the disease and played a limited Nationwide Tour schedule in 2011 and 2012 before making his Champions Tour debut at the Boeing Classic near Seattle in 2012 . He earned two top-10 finishes in 2012 and was also inducted into the Georgia Golf Hall of Fame . Playing a full season in 2013 , Sauers was twice a runner-up , including a playoff loss to Esteban Toledo at the Insperity Invitational . He finished nineteenth on the Champions Tour money list . In the first six months of 2014 , Sauers played in eleven events , with six top-25 finishes and a best of T-15 at the Allianz Championship in early February . At the U.S. Senior Open in Oklahoma in July , he was tied with Colin Montgomerie after 72 holes but lost in a three-hole playoff . Two years later in 2016 , Sauers earned his first win as a senior at the U.S. Senior Open in Ohio .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "753b2947764ce2c6c5b10bcf95c1e71a", "text": "World championship A world championship is generally an international sports competition open to elite competitors from across the world , representing their nations , and winning such an event will be considered the highest or near highest achievement in the sport or contest . The title is usually awarded through a combination of specific contests or , less commonly , ranking systems ( e.g. the ICC Test Championship ) , or a combination of the two ( e.g. World Triathlon Championships in Triathlon ) . This determines a ` world champion ' , who or which is commonly considered the best nation , team , individual ( or other entity ) in the world in a particular field , although the vagaries of sport ensure that the competitor recognised at the best in an event is not always the ` world champion ' ( see Underdog ) . Certain sports do not have a world championship . Instead , they may organise a world cup competition , or they may organize both , for example cycling ( UCI World Championships and UCI World Cups ) ) . Often , the use of the term cup or championship in this sense is just a choice of words . Some sports have multiple champions because of multiple organizations , such as boxing , mixed martial arts and wrestling . Certain sports do not have a world championship or a world cup as such , but may have one or several world champions . Professional boxing , for example , has several world champions at different weights , but each one of them is decided by a `` title fight '' , not a tournament . A certain number of sports hold world championships or world cups which are overshadowed , in terms of prestige , by the same events in the Olympic Games , the most prestigious multi-sports event . Still other sports may or may not have a true world championship but may designate the winners of a domestic competition to be `` world champions . '' This is especially true of the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada ; world cups and championships exist in all of the major sports , but the domestic U.S. and Canadian leagues are generally recognized as the world professional championships or the equivalent of a world club championship . ( In American football , although an IFAF World Championship exists , the United States is so far above and beyond the other nations it faces that the winner of the U.S.-based Super Bowl , a competition limited to the 32 teams in the National Football League , is commonly recognized as the world champion . ) Finally , certain professional sports do not have a world championship or world cup , but rather hold a series of events recognised as the elite level in their field ( e.g. tennis has a series of four Grand Slam events recognised as the pinnacle of the game , in addition to key team events , world tour finals and the Olympic Games , but no world championship or world cup ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3dd1ee0394fdaa2b1a556475d8a7e71b", "text": "Sergio García Sergio García Fernández ( -LSB- ˈseɾxjo ɣaɾˈθi.a feɾˈnandeθ -RSB- ; born 9 January 1980 ) is a Spanish professional golfer who plays on both the PGA Tour and the European Tour . García has won 30 international tournaments as a professional , most notably the 2008 Players Championship and the 2017 Masters Tournament . Garcia is also the Chairman of Spanish football team CF Borriol . García has spent much of his career in the top 10 of the Official World Golf Ranking , including over 300 weeks in the top 10 between 2000 and 2009 , and over 400 weeks in the top 10 in total . García reached his highest career ranking , 2nd , after winning the HSBC Champions tournament in November 2008 . García has achieved career earnings of more than US$ 43 million . As a player , he is noted for strong iron play and accuracy . In the Ryder Cup , García competed in eight of the nine matches playing during his professional career cumulatively earning 22.5 points during those matches .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d2ebec17be3642ecfa3a66f104b419f5", "text": "1984 Masters Tournament The 1984 Masters Tournament was the 48th Masters Tournament , held April 12 -- 15 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta , Georgia . Ben Crenshaw won the first of his two major titles , both Masters , two strokes ahead of runner-up Tom Watson , the winner in 1977 and 1981 . The leader after 36 holes was Masters rookie Mark Lye at 135 ( − 9 ) , three strokes ahead of Tom Kite . Play was halted near the end of the third round due to thunderstorms and the final groups completed it on Sunday morning . After 54 holes , Kite led at 207 ( − 9 ) and Lye was a stroke back . Crenshaw was two strokes back at 209 and shot a final round 68 ( − 4 ) to slip on his first green jacket . He won again eleven years later in 1995 . Defending champion Seve Ballesteros was assessed a two-stroke penalty in the second round for grounding his club within the confines of a water hazard at the 13th hole and missed the cut by a stroke . He also missed the cut as defending champion in 1981 . Normally scheduled to conclude on the second Sunday of April , this Masters was held a week later , as was 1979 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d869954d1c015146f845101dd23b7dc8", "text": "Denis Watson Denis Leslie Watson ( born 18 October 1955 ) is a professional golfer from Zimbabwe . Born in Salisbury , Rhodesia ( now Harare , Zimbabwe ) Watson was educated at Oriel Boys High School , Chisipite . He was Rhodesian Sportsman of the Year in 1975 , but went on to represent South Africa in the World Series of Golf in 1980 and 1982 -- sporting connections between Rhodesia and Apartheid South Africa were blurred at the time , for example the Rhodesian cricket team was once part of the South African domestic set-up . Watson turned professional in 1976 and played on the European Tour from 1978 to 1980 . After moving to the United States , where he joined the PGA Tour , he had his career year in 1984 when he won the Buick Open , NEC World Series of Golf , and Panasonic Las Vegas Invitational to tie for the most wins on the PGA Tour that season . Watson finished second in the 1985 U.S. Open , missing out on forcing a playoff by one shot , having incurred a two-stroke penalty earlier in the tournament . The penalty was assessed on the eighth hole in the first round , after he had waited longer than the allowed ten seconds for a putt that had hung on the lip of the hole to drop in . The ball did fall into the hole , but the birdie was disallowed and the penalty strokes added . The USGA and R&A , the sports governing bodies , have since amended the penalty for this rules infraction to just a single stroke . Andy North was eventually the only player to beat him , by one shot despite himself bogeying the last hole . Watson 's career came to a sudden halt when he was injured while playing in the 1985 Goodyear Classic in South Africa . While hitting his ball out of the rough with a 9-iron , he struck a tree stump that had been hidden from view causing damage to his wrist , elbow and neck . He went on to win the tournament , but his problems had just begun . He required surgery on his wrist and neck , and was initially told that he would never play again . He did , but was unable to consistently reach the high standard that he had previously attained and after several more operations he retired towards the end of the 1990s . After turning fifty , Watson joined the Champions Tour , and began to rediscover competitive form . He won the 2007 Senior PGA Championship at Kiawah Island , a senior major , by two strokes over Argentina 's Eduardo Romero , his first win in 23 years . In one of the most remarkable comebacks ever seen in professional golf , Watson has become one of the Champions Tour 's most competitive stars . He was voted the 2007 Champions Tour Rookie of the Year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d59c1a19451448ec882f3e1827d11ce8", "text": "Len Mattiace Leonard Earl `` Len '' Mattiace ( born October 15 , 1967 ) is an American professional golfer on the PGA Tour . Mattiace was born in Mineola , New York . He attended Nease High School in Ponte Vedra , Florida . He graduated from Wake Forest University in 1990 with a degree in Sociology . While at Wake Forest , he played on the team that won the NCAA Division I Golf Championship in 1986 . He turned pro later in 1990 . Mattiace first gained notoriety when he surged into contention in the final round of the 1998 Players Championship . Trailing by one shot going into the par-3 17th hole , he hit his tee shot into the water , his third shot into a bunker , and his fourth shot into the water . He ended up with a quintuple-bogey 8 on the hole and finished in a tie for fifth , four strokes behind the eventual winner Justin Leonard . Mattiace 's career year was 2002 , when he earned wins at the Nissan Open and the FedEx St. Jude Classic . In 2003 , he contended for the The Masters Trophy by shooting a 65 in the final round which put him into a playoff with Mike Weir . On that first playoff hole , Mattiace found himself stymied by trees when his approach drifted offline . Weir needed only a bogey to secure the victory and Mattiace finished second , earning $ 648,000 in prize money . Shortly after the 2003 season , Mattiace 's career was threatened by a skiing accident and torn ACLs in both knees . Mattiace has been ranked in the top 50 of the Official World Golf Rankings , but has not been fully exempt on the PGA Tour since 2005 . Mattiace splits his time between the PGA Tour ( where he relies on past champion status for entries ) and Web.com Tour . He currently resides in Jacksonville , Florida . Mattiace is naturally left-handed but plays right-handed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ea8f7f7446ec4a5b1a6b80a764784335", "text": "2001 Players Championship The 2001 Players Championship was a golf tournament in Florida on the PGA Tour , held at TPC Sawgrass in Ponte Vedra Beach , southeast of Jacksonville . It was the 28th Players Championship . Tiger Woods won the first of his two Players Championships , one stroke ahead of runner-up Vijay Singh . Because of bad weather , the tournament was completed on Monday , March 26 . In the final pairing with 54-hole leader Jerry Kelly , Woods played the final nine holes on Monday . Woods had won the previous three majors in 2000 ; he won the Masters Tournament two weeks later to hold all four major titles at once , the Tiger Slam , as well as this Players , an unofficial `` fifth major . '' He won his second Players a dozen years later in 2013 . Through 2016 , Woods is the only winner of the Players and Masters in the same calendar year ( 2001 ) , and he was the third Players champion to win a major in the same calendar year , joining Jack Nicklaus ( 1978 ) and Hal Sutton ( 1983 ) ; it expanded to four with Martin Kaymer in 2014 . Defending champion Sutton finished seven strokes back , in a tie for fifth place .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f3999fbe74d5e4ae3ed3b52582043e15", "text": "1960 Open Championship The 1960 Open Championship was the 89th Open Championship , played 6 -- 9 July at the Old Course in St Andrews , Scotland . In the centenary year of the Open Championship , Kel Nagle prevailed over Arnold Palmer by a single stroke ; this year marked the championship 's re-emergence as a major stop for American players . The total prize money was increased by forty percent , from # 5,000 to # 7,000 . The winner 's share was increased to # 1,250 with # 900 for second , # 700 for third , # 500 for fourth , # 400 for fifth , # 300 for sixth , # 250 for seventh , # 200 for eighth , # 150 for ninth , and # 130 for tenth . The next fifteen places each received # 60 with # 50 for next seven and then # 40 for the next eighteen . The # 50 prize for winning the qualification event was unchanged while the four prizes for the lowest score in each round were was increased to # 50 . For the centenary event there was a special prize for the winner in the form of a replica of the claret jug . Qualifying took place on 4 -- 5 July , Monday and Tuesday , with 18 holes on the Old Course and 18 holes on the New Course . A maximum of 100 players could qualify . Gary Player led the qualifiers as medalist at 135 , and the qualifying score was 147 and 74 players qualified ; 28 players on 148 were not included . Dick Metz , who had won the World Senior Golf Championship at Gleneagles on 3 July , was one of those on 148 who just failed to qualify . Roberto De Vicenzo opened the tournament proper with consecutive rounds of 67 on Wednesday and Thursday to take a two-stroke lead over Nagle . In the third round , De Vicenzo 's drive on the 14th ended up on top of a wall and he finished the round with a score of 75 , allowing Nagle to take a two-shot lead . Palmer , who had won the U.S. Open three weeks earlier by erasing a seven-shot deficit in the final round , was four back after 54-holes . The final round on Friday afternoon was delayed until Saturday due to a heavy rainfall that flooded portions of the course ; the first postponement in over fifty years . When play resumed the next day , Palmer and Nagle both went out in 34 . Still four-strokes behind , Palmer began another charge on the back . He made up strokes on the 13th and 15th , made a 4 on the 17th , then made birdie at the last . Nagle was standing over a crucial par putt on the Road Hole 17th when he heard the roar signifying Palmer 's birdie at 18 . He managed to collect himself and hole the putt , then made a safe 4 at the last to win the title by a single shot over Palmer . Already 39 at the time of his victory , this was Nagle 's first top ten finish in a major championship . Although little-known outside of Australia at the time of the tournament , he went on to have success throughout the next decade and came close to winning another major at the 1965 U.S. Open , losing to Gary Player in an 18-hole playoff . Palmer had won the first two majors at the Masters and U.S. Open , and was attempting to equal Ben Hogan 's 1953 season with a third consecutive major . His appearance established the British Open as an important tournament for American golfers and , although Palmer himself skipped the tournament a few times afterward , the best American players began crossing the Atlantic with regularity from then on . Palmer won the next two Opens in 1961 and 1962 . The appearance of Palmer , already the most popular golfer in the world , proved to be a turning point for the Open Championship . Until the 1960s , few Americans made the trip to the Open Championship , with the lengthy ocean-voyage and high costs of traveling to Britain often more than they stood to win in the tournament . Even Palmer , winner of the first two majors of the year , had to play in the 36-hole qualifier immediately preceding it . The 1960 event included only four Americans following the qualifier , and only two made the cut . Ten years later , 24 Americans were in the field of 134 . For many years , the event often conflicted with the PGA Championship in the U.S. , a more lucrative major which gradually moved to late July and then August .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1343377157b963ffa3e36a51d9538190", "text": "2000 PGA Championship The 2000 PGA Championship was the 82nd PGA Championship , held August 17 -- 20 at the Valhalla Golf Club in Louisville , Kentucky . It was the second time for the event at Valhalla , which hosted four years earlier in 1996 . Tiger Woods won his second straight PGA Championship and fifth major in a three-hole playoff over Bob May . Woods and May finished at 18 under par to set the PGA Championship record to par , later equaled by Woods in 2006 . It was the first time since 1937 that a PGA Championship title was successfully defended , and the first ever as a stroke play event . Woods and May were five shots ahead of third-place finisher Thomas Bjørn . Woods ' victory marked the first time since 1953 ( Ben Hogan ) that a player had won three major championships in the same calendar year ; Woods won the U.S. Open and the British Open in the previous two months for three consecutive majors . He won the Masters in April 2001 to complete the Tiger Slam of four consecutive majors . May opened with an even-par 72 then shot 66 ( − 6 ) in each of the final three rounds ; this was the only time he was in contention in a major championship . Designer of the course and five-time champion Jack Nicklaus , age 60 , made his final appearance at the PGA Championship . Playing with Woods , he needed an eagle on the 36th hole to make the cut ; his pitch shot missed by inches and he settled for birdie . Valhalla later hosted the Ryder Cup in 2008 , the first U.S. victory in nine years . The Senior PGA Championship was played at the course in 2004 and 2011 and the PGA Championship returned in 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9f085e2b4b700c8acf58d4249fcbf647", "text": "1969 Ryder Cup The 18th Ryder Cup Matches were held 18 -- 20 September 1969 at the Royal Birkdale Golf Club in Southport , England . The competition ended in a draw at 16 points each , when America 's Jack Nicklaus conceded a missable three-foot ( 0.9 m ) putt to Britain 's Tony Jacklin at the 18th hole , in one of the most famous gestures of sportsmanship in all of sport . It was the first draw in Ryder Cup history , and the United States team retained the Cup . The matches were marred by considerable acrimony and unsportsmanlike behavior by players on both sides . Britain 's captain Eric Brown had instructed his players not to search for the opposition 's ball if it ended up in the rough . American Ken Still , in the first-day foursomes , had deliberately and regularly stood too close to Briton Maurice Bembridge as he was putting . During one of the fourballs on the second day , both captains had to come out and calm down the warring players . This led to Nicklaus conceding Jacklin 's final putt with the knowledge that the overall competition would end in a draw . On the previous hole , Jacklin sank a long eagle putt while Nicklaus missed his from 15 ft and the match was squared . Jacklin had won the Open Championship two months earlier at nearby Royal Lytham & St Annes to become the first British champion in eighteen years . After holing his final putt for par , Nicklaus picked up Jacklin 's ball marker and told him , `` I do n't think you would have missed it , but I was n't going to give you the chance , either . '' Playing in his first Ryder Cup at age 29 , Nicklaus ' gesture became known as `` the concession '' and marked the beginning of a lasting friendship between the two that has spanned nearly a half century . It was the inspiration for The Concession Golf Club in Florida near Sarasota , which was co-designed by Nicklaus and Jacklin . The two were opposing captains in the competition in 1983 and 1987 . The U.S. team had only two players with previous Ryder Cup experience , Billy Casper and Gene Littler . On the previous four teams , Arnold Palmer did not participate in 1969 , but returned in 1971 and 1973 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ca43bc4366e790768e296584b0ce06d", "text": "BMW PGA Championship The BMW PGA Championship , as it is currently known for sponsorship reasons , is an annual men 's professional golf tournament on the European Tour . It was founded in 1955 by the Professional Golfers ' Association , and as such was originally called the British PGA Championship . Since then it has had several sponsored names , but the phrase `` PGA Championship '' has usually been included in the name . The BMW PGA Championship is played each May over the West Course at the Wentworth Club in Surrey , England . The PGA European Tour has its headquarters at the club and as the tour 's home tournament , the BMW PGA Championship is often regarded as the flagship event on the European Tour . It has usually had the highest prize money of any event which the tour organises , but this changed in 2009 with the introduction of the Race to Dubai , and the $ 10 million Dubai World Championship at the end of the season . There are other more lucrative events than the BMW PGA Championship which are part of the European Tour schedule , such as the majors and the World Golf Championship events , but these are organised by other bodies . It is also the European Tour 's designated `` Premier event '' for the purposes of the Official World Golf Rankings , with a minimum of 64 ranking points available to the winner . The winner of the tournament is given an exemption into that season 's U.S. Open and the next three Open Championships . In 2000 , Colin Montgomerie became the only player to win three years in a row .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "bab90d212879b2d098d2387babc67f1e", "text": "Great Britain Great Britain , also known as Britain , is a large island in the north Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe . With an area of 209,331 km2 , Great Britain is the largest of the British Isles , the largest European island , and the ninth-largest island in the world . In 2011 the island had a population of about 61 million people , making it the world 's third-most populous island after Java in Indonesia and Honshu in Japan . The island of Ireland is situated to the west of it , and together these islands , along with over 1,000 smaller surrounding islands , comprise the British Isles archipelago . The island is dominated by a maritime climate with quite narrow temperature differences between seasons . Politically , the island is part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , and constitutes most of its territory . Most of England , Scotland , and Wales are on the island . The term `` Great Britain '' often extends to include surrounding islands that form part of England , Scotland , and Wales , and is also sometimes loosely applied to the UK as a whole . A single Kingdom of Great Britain resulted from the union of the Kingdom of England ( which had already comprised the present-day countries of England and Wales ) and the Kingdom of Scotland by the 1707 Acts of Union . More than a hundred years before , in 1603 , King James VI , King of Scots , had inherited the throne of England , but it was not until 1707 that the two countries ' parliaments agreed to form a political union . In 1801 , Great Britain united with the neighbouring Kingdom of Ireland , forming the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland , which was renamed the `` United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland '' after the Irish Free State seceded in 1922 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0109b5c59a7441459e8ebe62725b1004", "text": "England England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west . The Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest . England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south . The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain ( which lies in the North Atlantic ) in its centre and south ; and includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly , and the Isle of Wight . The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period , but takes its name from the Angles , one of the Germanic tribes who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries . England became a unified state in the 10th century , and since the Age of Discovery , which began during the 15th century , has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world . The English language , the Anglican Church , and English law -- the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world -- developed in England , and the country 's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations . The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England , transforming its society into the world 's first industrialised nation . England 's terrain mostly comprises low hills and plains , especially in central and southern England . However , there are uplands in the north ( for example , the mountainous Lake District , and the Pennines ) and in the southwest ( for example , Dartmoor and the Cotswolds ) . The capital is London , which is the largest metropolitan area in both the United Kingdom and the European Union.According to the European Statistical Agency , London is the largest Larger Urban Zone in the EU , a measure of metropolitan area which comprises a city 's urban core as well as its surrounding commuting zone . London 's municipal population is also the largest in the EU . England 's population of over 53 million comprises 84 % of the population of the United Kingdom , largely concentrated around London , the South East , and conurbations in the Midlands , the North West , the North East , and Yorkshire , which each developed as major industrial regions during the 19th century . The Kingdom of England -- which after 1535 included Wales -- ceased being a separate sovereign state on 1 May 1707 , when the Acts of Union put into effect the terms agreed in the Treaty of Union the previous year , resulting in a political union with the Kingdom of Scotland to create the Kingdom of Great Britain . In 1801 , Great Britain was united with the Kingdom of Ireland through another Act of Union to become the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland . In 1922 the Irish Free State seceded from the United Kingdom , leading to the latter being renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "010bf990a7fdfcd70ee29e8d654e3d2e", "text": "List of Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, 1980–99 This is a complete list of Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for the years 1980 -- 1999 . Note that the first parliament of the United Kingdom was held in 1801 ; parliaments between 1707 and 1800 were either parliaments of Great Britain or of Ireland ) . For Acts passed up until 1707 see List of Acts of the Parliament of England and List of Acts of the Parliament of Scotland . For Acts passed from 1707 to 1800 see List of Acts of the Parliament of Great Britain . See also the List of Acts of the Parliament of Ireland . For Acts of the devolved parliaments and assemblies in the United Kingdom , see the List of Acts of the Scottish Parliament from 1999 , the List of Acts of the Northern Ireland Assembly , and the List of Acts and Measures of the National Assembly for Wales ; see also the List of Acts of the Parliament of Northern Ireland . The number shown after each Act 's title is its chapter number . Acts passed before 1963 are cited using this number , preceded by the year ( s ) of the reign during which the relevant parliamentary session was held ; thus the Union with Ireland Act 1800 is cited as `` 39 & 40 Geo . 3 c. 67 '' , meaning the 67th Act passed during the session that started in the 39th year of the reign of George III and which finished in the 40th year of that reign . Note that the modern convention is to use Arabic numerals in citations ( thus `` 41 Geo . 3 '' rather than `` 41 Geo . III '' ) . Note also that Acts of the last session of the Parliament of Great Britain and the first session of the Parliament of the United Kingdom are both cited as `` 41 Geo . 3 '' . Acts passed from 1963 onwards are simply cited by calendar year and chapter number . __ NOTOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b6df5f6496cab8bfbd1e1e1c05efcc9", "text": "British Overseas Territories The 14 British Overseas Territories ( BOT ) are territories under the jurisdiction and sovereignty of the United Kingdom . They are the parts of the British Empire that have not been granted independence or have voted to remain British territories . These territories do not form part of the United Kingdom and , with the exception of Gibraltar , are not part of the European Union . Most of the inhabited territories are internally self-governing , with the UK retaining responsibility for defence and foreign relations . The rest are either uninhabited or have a transitory population of military or scientific personnel . They share the British monarch ( Elizabeth II ) as head of state . The term `` British Overseas Territory '' was introduced by the British Overseas Territories Act 2002 , replacing the term British Dependent Territory , introduced by the British Nationality Act 1981 . Prior to 1 January 1983 , the territories were officially referred to as British Crown Colonies . With the exceptions of the British Antarctic Territory and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands ( which host only officials and research station staff ) and the British Indian Ocean Territory ( used as a military base ) , the Territories retain permanent civilian populations . Permanent residency for the 7,000 or so civilians living in the Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia is limited to citizens of the Republic of Cyprus . Collectively , the Territories encompass a population of about 250,000 people and a land area of about 667018 sqmi . The vast majority of this land area , 660000 sqmi , constitutes the almost uninhabited British Antarctic Territory , while the largest territory by population , Bermuda , accounts for almost a quarter of the total BOT population . At the other end of the scale , three territories have no civilian population ; the Antarctic territory , the British Indian Ocean Territory ( from which the Chagos Islanders were controversially removed ) and South Georgia . Pitcairn Islands , settled by the survivors of the Mutiny on the Bounty , is the smallest settled territory with 49 inhabitants , while the smallest by land area is Gibraltar on the southern tip of the Iberian peninsula . The United Kingdom participates in the Antarctic Treaty System and , as part of a mutual agreement , the British Antarctic Territory is recognised by four of the other sovereign nations making claims to Antarctic territory . Although the Crown dependencies of Jersey , Guernsey and the Isle of Man are also under the sovereignty of the British monarch , they are in a different constitutional relationship with the United Kingdom . The British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies are themselves distinct from the Commonwealth realms , a group of 15 independent countries ( and the United Kingdom ) which each also have Elizabeth II as their reigning monarch , and from the Commonwealth of Nations , a voluntary association of 52 countries mostly with historic links to the British Empire ( which also includes all Commonwealth realms ) . the Minister responsible for the Territories excluding the Falkland Islands , Gibraltar and the Sovereign Base Areas is Baroness Anelay , Minister of State for the Commonwealth and the UN . The other three territories are the responsibility of Sir Alan Duncan MP , Minister of State for Europe and the Americas .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f3e4c7a45a6a215e89ec344920239afc", "text": "Extreme points of the British Isles This is a list of the extreme points of the British Isles , the points that are farther north , south , east , west , higher or lower than any other location Northernmost Point -- Out Stack , Shetland Islands , Scotland Northernmost Settlement -- Skaw , Unst , Shetland Islands , Scotland Southernmost Point -- Les Minquiers Reef , Jersey , Channel Islands Southernmost Settlement -- Saint Clement , Jersey , Channel Islands Westernmost Point -- Rockall , Harris , Scotland Westernmost Settlement -- Dunquin , County Kerry , Ireland Easternmost Point -- Lowestoft Ness , Suffolk , England Easternmost Settlement -- Lowestoft , Suffolk , England Most Inland Point -- Church Flatts Farm , Derbyshire , England Most Inland Settlement -- Coton in the Elms , Derbyshire , England Highest Point -- Ben Nevis , Highland , Scotland at 1,344 m above sea level . Highest Settlement -- Flash , Staffordshire , England at 463 m above sea level . Lowest Point -- North Slob , County Wexford , Ireland at 3 m below sea level .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6718fc743993adf56fad4035c184c4f5", "text": "Centre points of the United Kingdom There has long been debate over the exact location of the geographical centre of the United Kingdom , and its constituent countries , due to the complexity and method of the calculation , such as whether to include offshore islands , and the fact that erosion will cause the position to change over time . There are two main methods of calculating this `` centre '' : either as the centroid of the two-dimensional shape made by the country ( projected to the Airy ellipsoid then flattened using the Transverse Mercator projection ) , or as the point farthest from the boundary of the country ( either the sea , or , in the case of constituent countries , a land border ) . These two methods give quite different answers .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2bdb5ef954758e3fde180ef7aa81fb74", "text": "Literature of England The literature of England is literature written in what is now England , or by English writers . It consists mainly of English literature - i.e. literature written in the English language - but there are important examples of literature from England written in other languages .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bae147e6924fd3ca9a56293b4e69c20b", "text": "Geology of South Wales South Wales is an area with many features of outstanding interest to geologists , who have for long used the area for University field trips . This varied and accessible region has provided a written record of geological interest that dates to the 12th century , when Giraldus Cambrensis noted pyritous shales near Newport . Some of the first published representations of fossils were of fossil plants from coal measures near Neath ( Gibson late 17th century ) . The British geologists Adam Sedgwick and Roderick Murchison did fundamentally important work in South Wales on Old Red Sandstone and the underlying rocks . The first volume of memoirs ( 1846 ) published by the Geological Survey contained a conspectus of the geology of South Wales that set a template for all future work . Significant discoveries continue to be made . For instance , in Carmarthenshire , in the late 70s , John Cope detected a small area of Precambrian and Cambrian rocks . Other parts of South Wales , however , have not seen a Geological Survey officer since the mid-19th century . The geology of south Wales was central to the massive contribution Wales made to the Industrial Revolution . Several successive periods are represented , including all of the Palaeozoic periods . Pembrokeshire has outcrops of both Precambrian and Cambrian ( 542-488 million years ago ) rocks . A notable feature of the Ordovician system ( 488-444 million years old ) is a major subsidence area , or basin , which later filled with substantial thicknesses of mostly sandy and muddy sediment . The line of the shallower continental shelf area , to the south-east , ran approximately from the Long Mynd ( in Shropshire ) to Haverfordwest in Pembrokeshire . Some volcanic action also occurred . This thick sedimentary deposition continued into the Silurian period ( 444-416 million years old ) . Silurian volcanicity led to production of lavas at localised sites such as Skomer Island . Silurian rocks are widely distributed in south Wales and are well displayed on the Cardiganshire coast . The Silurian and earlier rocks were folded , faulted , and distorted several times , notably during the late Ordovician , and late Silurian , by which time the area had begun to rise above sea level as mountain ranges were uplifted to the north-west . This was caused by the collision of a proto-North America ( `` Laurentia '' ) and the present southern Britain ( `` Eastern Avalonia '' ) . The intervening sea , the Iapetus Ocean , closed as a result of plate tectonic movements , similar to those that now close the Mediterranean Sea between Europe and Africa . The succeeding Devonian period ( 416-359 million years ago ) saw mostly alluvial deposits ( `` Old Red Sandstone '' ) , which were interrupted by major uplift . Following this , the land subsided again in the Carboniferous period ( 359-299 million years ago ) . In the early Carboniferous period , limestones were deposited on a continental shelf , which deepened towards the south where there was a major sea area . During earth movements caused by the approach of a continent from the south , sea shallowing led to thick alluvial and coastal plain sediments ( see below ) containing economic developments of coal . Carboniferous Limestone outcrops occur in south Pembrokeshire , the Gower Peninsula , the Vale of Glamorgan and around the edge of the coalfield . At the end of the Carboniferous , during Permian ( 299-251 my ago ) time , Wales is thought to have been a landmass . Only in late Triassic ( 251-200 my ago ) times did deposition return , with coarse-grained screes forming around a series of low but rugged hills . Continuing deposition led to the formation of the early Jurassic deposits of mudstones and muddy limestones ( the `` Lias '' ) . Deposits later than this are almost completely absent , although the Chalk sea probably covered most of Wales between 100 and 66 million years ago . Any such later deposits have been eroded away . One of the geological rarities of south Wales is the coastline of St Brides Major at Ogmore-by-Sea and Southerndown . Its cliffs are composed partly of earliest Jurassic Sutton stone , a rare freestone that is a marginal or coastal deposit derived in part from erosion of carboniferous limestone . Sutton stone has always been highly regarded : as well as being used in construction throughout the Vale of Glamorgan , it was also shipped over the Bristol Channel to North Devon and North Cornwall , which are both deficient in limestone . A major geological feature of the Upper Carboniferous rocks in south Wales is the south Wales coalfield . The rocks comprising this important area were laid down during the later Carboniferous . This sedimentary succession includes a sequence with a thickness of more than 1800 m in the west . The coal measures were laid down on a low-lying waterlogged plain with peat mires immediately south of an ancient and persistent geological feature known as the Wales-London-Brabant High . Burial converted the peat deposits to thinner coal seams . Later earth movements distorted the coal-bearing strata , and the difficulty of mining led to premature closure of many mines on economic grounds , especially in Pembrokeshire where seams were squeezed completely out of shape .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "471988de30007725fde9ab307a52eab4", "text": "Culture of the United Kingdom The culture of the United Kingdom is influenced by the UK 's history as a developed island country , a liberal democracy and a major power ; its predominantly Christian religious life ; and its composition of four countries -- England , Wales , Scotland and Northern Ireland -- each of which has distinct customs , cultures and symbolism . The wider culture of Europe has also influenced British culture , and Humanism , Protestantism and representative democracy developed from broader Western culture . British literature , music , cinema , art , theatre , comedy , media , television , philosophy , architecture and education are important aspects of British culture . The United Kingdom is also prominent in science and technology , producing world-leading scientists ( e.g. Isaac Newton and Charles Darwin ) and inventions . Sport is an important part of British culture ; numerous sports originated in the country , including football . The UK has been described as a `` cultural superpower '' , and London has been described as a world cultural capital . The Industrial Revolution , which started in the UK , had a profound effect on the socio-economic and cultural conditions of the world . As a result of the British Empire , significant British influence can be observed in the language , law , culture and institutions of a geographically wide assortment of countries , including Australia , Canada , India , the Republic of Ireland , New Zealand , Nigeria , Pakistan , South Africa , the United States and English speaking Caribbean nations . These states are sometimes collectively known as the Anglosphere , and are among Britain 's closest allies . In turn the empire also influenced British culture , particularly British cuisine . The cultures of England , Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland are diverse and have varying degrees of overlap and distinctiveness .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc1eb089b05bce19da005e153af85c33", "text": "List of Acts of the Parliament of Great Britain, 1720–39 This is an incomplete list of Acts of the Parliament of Great Britain for the years 1720 -- 1739 . For Acts passed up until 1707 see List of Acts of the Parliament of England and List of Acts of the Parliament of Scotland . See also the List of Acts of the Parliament of Ireland to 1700 and the List of Acts of the Parliament of Ireland , 1701 -- 1800 . For Acts passed from 1801 onwards see List of Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom . For Acts of the devolved parliaments and assemblies in the United Kingdom , see the List of Acts of the Scottish Parliament from 1999 , the List of Acts of the Northern Ireland Assembly , and the List of Acts and Measures of the National Assembly for Wales ; see also the List of Acts of the Parliament of Northern Ireland . The number shown after each Act 's title is its chapter number . Acts are cited using this number , preceded by the year ( s ) of the reign during which the relevant parliamentary session was held ; thus the Union with Ireland Act 1800 is cited as `` 39 & 40 Geo . 3 c. 67 '' , meaning the 67th Act passed during the session that started in the 39th year of the reign of George III and which finished in the 40th year of that reign . Note that the modern convention is to use Arabic numerals in citations ( thus `` 41 Geo . 3 '' rather than `` 41 Geo . III '' ) . Note also that Acts of the last session of the Parliament of Great Britain and the first session of the Parliament of the United Kingdom are both cited as `` 41 Geo . 3 '' . Acts passed by the Parliament of Great Britain did not have a short title ; however , some of these Acts have subsequently been given a short title by Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom ( such as the Short Titles Act 1896 ) . Before the Acts of Parliament ( Commencement ) Act 1793 came into force on 8 April 1793 , Acts passed by the Parliament of Great Britain were deemed to have come into effect on the first day of the session in which they were passed . Because of this , the years given in the list below may in fact be the year before a particular Act was passed .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3312ad63bf726c5a5a9db3d13bce23a0", "text": "Geology of New England New England is a region in the North Eastern United States consisting of the states Rhode Island , Connecticut , Massachusetts , New Hampshire , Vermont , and Maine . Most of New England consists geologically of volcanic island arcs that accreted onto the eastern edge of the Laurentian Craton in prehistoric times . Much of the bedrock found in New England is heavily metamorphosed due to the numerous mountain building events that occurred in the region . The most recent rock layers are glacial conglomerates .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "08dc37b80fe1534b203ffbf3426d2d1d", "text": "List of rock formations in the United Kingdom This is a selected list of notable , natural landscape features in England , Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland . It includes isolated , scenic , or spectacular surface rock outcrops . These formations are usually the result of weathering and erosion sculpting the existing rock . For the stratigraphic term ` formation ' applied by geologists to rock sequences , see Formation ( stratigraphy ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "42edafb91d0d6bf41db9f8d91a17212c", "text": "Kingdom of Great Britain The United Kingdom of Great Britain , officially Great Britain , was a sovereign state in western Europe from 1 May 1707 to 31 December 1800 . The state came into being following the Treaty of Union in 1706 , ratified by the Acts of Union 1707 , which united the kingdoms of England and Scotland to form a single kingdom encompassing the whole island of Great Britain and its outlying islands . It did not include Ireland , which remained a separate realm . The unitary state was governed by a single parliament and government that was based in Westminster . The former kingdoms had been in personal union since James VI , King of Scots , became King of England and King of Ireland in 1603 following the death of Queen Elizabeth I , bringing about a `` Union of the Crowns '' . Also after the accession of George I to the throne of Great Britain in 1714 , the kingdom was in a personal union with the Electorate of Hanover . The early years of the unified kingdom were marked by Jacobite risings which ended in defeat for the Stuart cause at Culloden in 1746 . Later on in 1763 , victory in the Seven Years ' War led to the dominance of the British Empire , which was to become the foremost global power for over a century and later grew to become the largest empire in history . On 1 January 1801 , the kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland were merged to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland . In 1922 , five-sixths of Ireland seceded from the United Kingdom and the state was renamed the `` United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland '' -- a title it has retained to date .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b8ed77dcf3a8a56fd7babbdc4a2a5a1a", "text": "Continental Europe Continental Europe , also referred to as mainland Europe , or , by Europeans , simply the Continent , is the continuous continent of Europe , excluding surrounding islands . The most common definition of continental Europe excludes continental islands , encompassing the Greek Islands , Cyprus , Malta , Sicily , Sardinia , Corsica , the Balearic Islands , Ireland , Great Britain , the Isle of Man , the Channel Islands , Novaya Zemlya and the Danish archipelago , as well as nearby oceanic islands , including the Canary Islands , Madeira , the Azores , Iceland , the Faroe Islands , and Svalbard . The Scandinavian peninsula is sometimes also excluded , as even though it is technically part of `` mainland Europe '' , the de facto connections to the rest of the continent are across the Baltic Sea or North Sea ( rather than via the lengthy land route that involves travelling to the north of the peninsula where it meets Finland , and then south through north-east Europe ) . The notion of Europe as a geopolitical or cultural term is centred on core Europe ( Kerneuropa ) , the continental territory of the historical Carolingian Empire and the core of Latin Christendom , corresponding to modern France , Italy , Germany ( or German-speaking Europe ) and the Benelux states ( historical Austrasia ) . This historical core of `` Carolingian Europe '' was consciously invoked in the 1950s as the historical ethno-cultural basis for the prospective European integration ( see also Multi-speed Europe ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "844ea9eaebc0fbf88e26feea66babbb0", "text": "Upland Britain Upland Britain may refer to a semi-natural habitat of the British Isles , generally at over 250 to altitude : Black Mountains , in southern Wales Cambrian Mountains , in mid Wales Dartmoor , in southwestern England Exmoor , in southwestern England Pennines , in northern England Scottish Highlands Southern Uplands , in southern Scotland", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3c130d14bb1e116a597d1fac509676de", "text": "Northumberland Northumberland ( -LSB- nɔːrˈθʌmbərlənd -RSB- -LSB- localnɔːˈθʊmbələnd -RSB- ) ( abbreviated Northd ) is a county in North East England . The northernmost county of England , it borders Cumbria to the west , County Durham and Tyne and Wear to the south and Scotland to the north . To the east is the North Sea coastline with a 103 km long distance path . The county town is Alnwick although the county council is in Morpeth ( for the moment , as there are plans to move it to nearby Ashington ) . The northernmost point of Northumberland and England is at Marshall Meadows Bay . The county of Northumberland included Newcastle upon Tyne until 1400 , when the city became a county of itself . Northumberland expanded greatly in the Tudor period , annexing Berwick-upon-Tweed in 1482 , Tynedale in 1495 , Tynemouth in 1536 , Redesdale around 1542 and Hexhamshire in 1572 . Islandshire , Bedlingtonshire and Norhamshire were incorporated into Northumberland in 1844 . Tynemouth and other settlements in North Tyneside were transferred to Tyne and Wear in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972 . Lying on the Anglo-Scottish border , Northumberland has been the site of a number of battles . The county is noted for its undeveloped landscape of high moorland , now largely protected as the Northumberland National Park . Northumberland is the most sparsely populated county in England , with only 62 people per square kilometre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d63fe83bf24fbe0e66d909c46b83909c", "text": "Northern North Sea basin The North Sea is part of the Atlantic Ocean in northern Europe . It is located between Norway and Denmark in the east , Scotland and England in the west , Germany , the Netherlands , Belgium and France in the south . The geology of the North Sea describes the geological features such as channels , trenches , and ridges today and the geological history , plate tectonics , geological events that created them . A geological basin is a large low-lying area or depression . It is often below sea level . Depressions are typically formed by tectonic processes acting on the lithosphere , providing `` accommodation space '' for sediment to be preserved . Basins are formed in a variety of tectonic settings : extensional , compressional , strike-slip and intraplate . Geological basins are one of the most common places which collect sediment . The type of rocks which form there tell about the palaeoclimate of the continent . The geology is of interest to oil prospectors , hydrologists and palaeontologists . Exploration in the North Sea was initiated in May 1964 when the first well was spudded and the area has now become one of the most prolific hydrocarbon provinces in the world . Total recoverable reserves found to date , including adjacent land areas , amount to over 100 billion barrels of oil and natural gas . Geologically speaking , the North Sea is divided into four main basins : Northern , Moray Firth , Central , and Southern . Each has a long and complex geologic history with unique structural and stratigraphic developments driven by tectonic events over the last 400 Million years . The northern North Sea Paleorift system , including the Viking and Sogn graben , is an approximately 150-200 km wide zone of extended upper crust with preserved strata from pre-Triassic to Tertiary . It is bounded by the Shetland Platform to the west and the Norwegian mainland to the east .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a5f5bb5a289506354b26e14cef325c22", "text": "Unionism in England In England , Unionism is a political ideology which favours the continuation of some form of political union between England and the other countries of the United Kingdom ( Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland ) . It is part of the wider British unionist movement and is closely linked to the notion of Britishness . Unionism in England is characterised by both opposition to England 's independence as a separate state and the belief that Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland should continue to be constituent countries of the Union .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "70e38c247af90cc27f22849d86c77828", "text": "Geography of London London is the largest urban area and capital city of the United Kingdom , located in southeastern Great Britain . The London region covers an area of 1579 km2 , and had a population of 7,172,036 in 2001 and a population density of 4,542 people per square kilometre . A larger area , referred to as the London Metropolitan Region or the London Metropolitan Agglomeration covers an area of 8382 km2 , and had a population of 12,653,500 and a population density of 1,510 people per square kilometre . London is a port on the Thames ( see main article Port of London ) , a navigable river . The river has had a major influence on the development of the city . London began on the Thames ' north bank and for a long time the main focus of the city remained on the north side of the Thames . For many centuries London Bridge was the only bridge in or close to the city . When more bridges were built in the 18th century , the city expanded in all directions as the mostly flat or gently rolling countryside presented no obstacle to growth .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "20334d2b6bb73cc3e3df8f0966d4c5b6", "text": "Economy of Devon Devon has the 19th largest economy in England out of 46 ceremonial counties . Situated in the region of South West England , it is a maritime county . Like neighbouring Cornwall to the west , Devon is disadvantaged economically compared to other parts of southern England , owing to the decline of a number of core industries , notably fishing , mining and farming . Consequently , most of Devon has qualified for the European Community 's Objective 2 status , particularly around Exmoor , Bideford Bay and the Hartland Point peninsula which is somewhat cut off from industrial Britain due to poor road and rail transport links . These areas of North Devon are , however , only around 50 mi by boat from Swansea in Wales . A proposal which has the backing of both the Welsh Assembly Government and the South West Regional Assembly , as well as Devon County Council , is a year-round ferry service from either Ilfracombe or Bideford to Swansea , which it is hoped would stimulate economic growth in both South West Wales and the North coast of Devon and Cornwall . The 2001 UK foot and mouth crisis harmed the farming community severely . The attractive lifestyle of the area is drawing in new industries which are not heavily dependent upon geographical location ; Dartmoor , for instance , has recently seen a significant rise in the percentage of its inhabitants involved in the financial services sector . In 2003 , the Met Office , the UK 's national and international weather service , moved to Exeter . Devon is one of the rural counties , with the advantages and challenges characteristic of these . Despite this , the county 's economy is also heavily influenced by its two main urban centres , Plymouth and Exeter . Nearly half of the holdings of the Duchy of Cornwall are in Devon , including a large area of farmland . Since the rise of seaside resorts with the arrival of the railways in the 19th century , Devon 's economy has been heavily reliant on tourism . The county 's economy has followed the declining trend of British seaside resorts since the mid 20th century , with some recent revival . This revival has been aided by the designation of much of Devon 's countryside and coastline as the Dartmoor and Exmoor national parks , and the Jurassic Coast and Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape World Heritage Sites . In 2004 the county 's tourist revenue was # 1.2 billion . The Met Office is in Exeter as is Connaught plc , and Pennon Group , the water company . The Wrigley Company ( chewing gum ) and HMNB Devonport ( the largest naval base in western Europe ) are in Plymouth . Torquay was home to Beverage Brands , the producers of WKD Original Vodka . Britannia Royal Naval College is at Dartmouth .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dd63617a128bf5d879fc5651b037f9bf", "text": "Counties of England Counties of England are areas used for the purposes of administrative , geographical , cultural or political demarcation . For administrative purposes , England outside Greater London and the Isles of Scilly is divided into 83 metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties . These counties may consist of a single district or be divided into several districts . As of April 2009 , 27 of these counties are divided into districts and have a county council . Six of the counties , covering the major conurbations , are known as metropolitan counties , which do not have county councils , although some functions are organised on a county-wide basis by their districts ( metropolitan boroughs ) acting jointly . All of England ( including Greater London and the Isles of Scilly ) is also divided into 48 ceremonial counties , which are also known as geographic counties . Most ceremonial counties correspond to a metropolitan or non-metropolitan county of the same name but often with reduced boundaries . The current arrangement is the result of incremental reform . Many of the counties have their origins in the Middle Ages , although the larger counties of Yorkshire and Sussex lost many or all of their administrative functions centuries ago . The geographic counties which existed before the local government reforms of 1965 and 1974 are referred to as ancient counties or historic counties . From 1889 to 1974 areas with county councils were known as administrative counties , which excluded larger towns and cities known as county boroughs and included divisions of some geographic counties . From 1974 to 1996 the metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties , some of which were established only in 1974 , corresponded directly with the ceremonial counties . Counties , usually either historic counties or current ceremonial counties , are used as the geographical basis for a number of institutions such as police and fire services , sports clubs and other non-government organisations . For the purpose of sorting and delivering mail , England was divided into 48 postal counties until 1996 ; these have been abandoned by Royal Mail in favour of postcodes .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "11ad1b816d507c904dc68c8aafe23c85", "text": "English English may refer to : Something of , from , or related to the country of England English people , an ethnic group of people native to England English national identity , an identity and common culture English language English studies , the study of English language and literature English language in England , a variant of the English language List of dialects of the English language", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "3f7d94f370236ef60d72dcd6db36c434", "text": "Duane Hopwood Duane Hopwood is a 2005 film featured in the Sundance Film Festival starring David Schwimmer and Janeane Garofalo , with a supporting cast featuring Judah Friedlander , Dick Cavett , Susan Lynch , John Krasinski , Rachel Covey , and Mia Dillon . The movie was written and directed by Matt Mulhern and released by IFC Films in November 2005 . The film 's plot centers on the title character ( Schwimmer ) , an alcoholic whose life is spiraling downward rapidly after his divorce from Linda ( Garofalo ) . The movie , writer/director Matt Mulhern 's second film , was well received by critics , named by Roger Ebert as `` one of the best movies of 2005 . '' He also said that David Schwimmer gave a `` career-transforming performance . '' IFC did not release the film in New York City or Los Angeles , focusing instead on Philadelphia , Tucson and Kansas City . HBO released the DVD in April 2006 and Showtime and The Movie Channel began the cable run in December 2006 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "30bc1f2472c513813979754bf9f4e4b1", "text": "David Schwimmer David Lawrence Schwimmer ( born November 2 , 1966 ) is an American actor , director , and producer . He was born in Flushing , Queens , New York , and his family moved to Los Angeles when he was 2 . He began his acting career performing in school plays at Beverly Hills High School . In 1988 , he graduated from Northwestern University with a Bachelor of Arts in theater and speech . After graduation , Schwimmer co-founded the Lookingglass Theatre Company . For much of the late 1980s , he lived in Los Angeles as a struggling , unemployed actor . He starred in the television movie A Deadly Silence in 1989 and appeared in a number of television roles , including on L.A. Law , The Wonder Years , NYPD Blue , and Monty , in the early 1990s . Schwimmer later gained worldwide recognition for playing Ross Geller in the sitcom Friends , for which he received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series in 1995 . His first leading film role was in The Pallbearer ( 1996 ) , followed by roles in Kissing a Fool ( 1998 ) , Six Days , Seven Nights ( 1998 ) , Apt Pupil , and Picking Up the Pieces ( 2000 ) . He was then cast in the miniseries Band of Brothers ( 2001 ) as Herbert Sobel . After the series finale of Friends in 2004 , Schwimmer was cast as the title character in the 2005 drama Duane Hopwood . Other film roles include the voice of Melman the Giraffe in the computer-animated Madagascar film franchise , the dark comedy Big Nothing ( 2006 ) , and the thriller Nothing But the Truth ( 2008 ) . Schwimmer made his West End stage debut in the leading role in Some Girl ( s ) in 2005 . In 2006 , he made his Broadway debut in The Caine Mutiny Court-Martial . Schwimmer made his feature film directorial debut with the 2007 comedy Run Fatboy Run . The following year he made his Off-Broadway directorial debut in the 2008 production , Fault Lines . In 2016 , he starred as lawyer Robert Kardashian in American Crime Story , for which he received his second Emmy nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Limited Series or Movie .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "5bc1784cfe103381fbbcf8bbb694e699", "text": "Joseph D. Reitman Joseph David Reitman ( born May 25 , 1968 ) is an American actor , film producer , film director , and writer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a41b2b3b540cefc2748e997ab1727580", "text": "David S. Weiss David S. Weiss is an American comedy writer . He has written for Dennis Miller Live , CNBC 's `` Dennis Miller '' , The Late Late Show with Craig Kilborn , and Penn & Teller : Bullshit ! . In 2005 , he ran unsuccessfully for the Writers Guild of America board of directors . From March 2007 , he was Dennis Miller 's talk radio sidekick on The Dennis Miller Show , where he was referred to as `` Salman , '' or `` Sal '' . Miller assigned Weiss the moniker early in their time working together , due to his purported resemblance to Sir Salman Rushdie . He was also referred to as `` Count Dracu-sal '' and an eerie organ music cue ( Johann Sebastian Bach 's Toccata and Fugue in D Minor ) was played whenever he made funny and/or cryptic remarks that reflected his penchant for black comedy . Miller also frequently referred to `` Sal '' as his `` go-to Jew '' , when he needed some inside information on Jewish culture and customs . Weiss is a banjo player . On February 17 , 2009 , after not missing a radio show for the first two years , Dennis Miller nicknamed the dark-humored comic the `` Cal Ripken of Hate '' . During the February 22nd , 2010 show , it was announced on air Weiss would be leaving the show February 26 to pursue other opportunities . He is married to television writer and story editor Joan Binder Weiss .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "35d1fa10f0db494a3c53824a41a6098a", "text": "John Safran's Music Jamboree John Safran 's Music Jamboree ( or just Music Jamboree ) was a light-hearted Australian music documentary television series , hosted by John Safran for SBS television . The program was produced by Richard Lowenstein , Selin Yaman and Ghost Pictures and directed by Craig Melville , Richard Lowenstein and a number of other directors under the production company Ghost of Your Ex-Boyfriend Productions in association with SBS Independent . It screened in 2002 , and consisted of sketches and outlandish public stunts , typical of Safran 's work . The series won two Australian Film Institute Awards ; `` Best Comedy Series '' and `` Most Innovative Program Concept '' . SBS followed the series up with the similarly styled John Safran vs. God in 2004 . An infamous stunt of the series was sneaking nine friends into an exclusive Melbourne nightclub by dressing them up as the masked American metal band , Slipknot . The producers arranged entry for the impostors by pretending to be an American management company over the phone . Other stunts included disguising himself as well known entertainers such as Ozzy Osbourne and Prince to harass the public , sketch versions of music videos such as Eminem , the creation of Jew Town , a Jewish boy band to compete with Christian pop , and returning to Yeshivah College to pay homage to Kevin Bacon in Footloose . He also details his time in the hip-hop group Raspberry Cordial , and the related incident in which he met the Beastie Boys and the band 's former DJ attempted to steal his girlfriend at the time . A regular segment on the series was `` The Music Mole '' . In this segment a person dressed in a large mole costume ( much like a mascot ) was interviewed by Safran . The person was reported to be an insider ( i.e. a mole ) in the music industry who would reveal little known , often controversial facts about both the Australian and international music industries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a8a8c571b1e5fe50207d408b3af4d33", "text": "Prophets of Science Fiction Prophets of Science Fiction is an American documentary television series produced and hosted by Ridley Scott for the Science Channel . The program premiered on . The series covers the life and work of leading science fiction authors of the last couple of centuries . It depicts how they predicted and , accordingly , influenced the development of scientific advancements by inspiring many readers to assist in transforming those futuristic visions into everyday reality . The stories are told through film clips , reenactments , illustrations and interviews . The first episode received mixed reviews . Commentators appreciated the approach of combining coverage of contemporary scientific research and biographical exposition , but criticized the series as `` light on the substance and heavy on the exaggeration '' . The series ' attempts to link Mary Shelley 's Frankenstein to developments such as organ transplants , supercomputers and DNA research were described by one critic as far-fetched but by another as successful .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ff6dfa87151afa8a817806ff1a698de", "text": "David E. Tolchinsky David E. Tolchinsky ( born David Jan Edelson ) is a screenwriter , playwright , sound designer , and academic . He is Chair of Northwestern University 's Department of Radio-TV-Film and Founder/Director of Northwestern University School of Communication 's MFA in Writing for the Screen + Stage . As a screenwriter , his feature film Girl is distributed by iTunes and has been seen internationally . He has been commissioned by such studios as Touchstone/Disney , MGM , Ivan Reitman 's Montecito Pictures , USA Networks , Edward R. Pressman Film Corp , and Addis-Wechsler & Assoc. / Industry Entertainment to write feature screenplays . He is the author of original screenplays such as The Last Crash and Reflections on a Teenage Anti-Christ featured in a New York Times article about home offices . Some of his work centers on teen subcultures such as heavy-metal fans , Florida surfer teens , teen groupies , and female football players , particularly in relation to social decay . He is also interested in horror , both psychological and physical . As a sound designer , he has designed the sound for interactive computer environments and video installations which have been exhibited internationally . In 2003 , he was nominated for a Motion Picture Sound Editors Guild Golden Reel Award for his sound design for Dolly . In 2008 , he was appointed as a Northwestern University Charles Deering McCormick Professor of Teaching Excellence . In 2009 , he co-curated The Horror Show at Dorsky Gallery Curatorial Programs in New York City which explored horror in film , video , installation , photography , sculpture and painting and which was featured as a The Village Voice `` Voice Choice for Art '' and on their blog , and which was accompanied by a 32-page catalog . In 2011 , he co-produced Debra Kahn Tolchinsky 's Fast Talk , which investigates the accelerated speed of argumentation in college debate and which is available on iTunes and Amazon instant . Recently , he published `` Where 's the Rest of Me ? '' a reflective essay about Spalding Gray in Paraphilia Magazine and co-curated with Debra Kahn Tolchinsky The Presence of Absence sponsored by the Contemporary Arts Council at Hairpin Arts Center in Chicago , chosen by Chicago Magazine as one of the `` 16 best art gallery shows to see now in Chicago '' and described in The Huffington Post as `` The space is gorgeous , the art solid , challenging , yet accessible . This is a wonderfully odd , powerful , thoughtful show '' . He was also ranked # 14 on New City 's Film 50 2013 : Chicago 's Screen Gems , was the recipient of a 2014 Illinois Arts Council Artist Fellowship in Literature , and was voted Best Director for his play , Where 's the Rest of Me ? ( which was nominated for Best Play and which was an adaptation of his essay ) , at the 2015 Riant Theatre One-Act Play Festival in New York City . Most recently , his play Clear was published in Issue 3 2015 of Proscenium Journal , he was ranked number 8 with Debra Kahn Tolchinsky on New City 's Film 50 2015 : Chicago 's Screen Gems , and he co-curated Sick by Seven ( seven plays/films about mental health in the modern world ) at A Red Orchid Theatre in Chicago as part of its Incubator Series . He is a graduate of Yale ( 1985 , BA , magna cum laude ) and USC School of Cinematic Arts/School of Cinema-Television ( 1988 , MFA ) . He continues to collaborate often with his spouse , the media artist Debra Kahn Tolchinsky .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9537bbc2d27c9fe4abbb204008e81351", "text": "John Kruth John Kruth is a singer/songwriter/multi-instrumentalist best known for his highly energetic `` Banshee Mandolin '' style of playing . He is also proficient on guitar , banjo , harmonica and various flutes . Kruth is co-founder and the main songwriter of New York-based world music ensemble TriBeCaStan , and also a music journalist and author . Kruth 's first biography , Bright Moments -- The Life and Legacy of Rahsaan Roland Kirk was first published in the U.S. and England in 2000 by Welcome Rain Books . Bright Moments was translated into Japanese and published by Kawade Shobo in 2005 . His most recent biography is Rhapsody In Black - The Life and Music of Roy Orbison from Hal Leonard Books , NYC . He is also the author of To Live 's To Fly - the Ballad of Townes Van Zandt , was published by Da Capo Books in March 2007 , winner of 2008 Deems Taylor ASCAP Award for Best Musical Biography . John has nine solo albums to his credit . His latest CD , Splitsville , was released in the fall of 2008 by Smiling Fez Records . In November 1997 Kruth performed at Carnegie Hall as a soloist for composer John Corigliano on the Moroccan folk oboe called the ghaita , commonly played by the Master Musicians of Jajouka . He has also performed with playwright Sam Shepard , poet Allen Ginsberg , Patti Smith , performance artist Laurie Anderson , producer Hal Willner , folksinger John Prine , as well as Violent Femmes , the Meat Puppets , King Missile , Peter Stampfel , Rick Danko , Garth Hudson , James Belushi , Steve Buscemi , Eric von Schmidt , Stan Ridgeway , Bob Neuwirth , Die Kreuzen , Cyberchump and members of Camper Van Beethoven . In 2006 , John traveled to India where he studied mandolin and performed with Carnatic mandolin virtuoso U. Rajesh . Kruth is currently a Professor of Music at the College of Mount St. Vincent . In the past , his writing has appeared in the New York Times , Rolling Stone , The Progressive , Frets , and Signal to Noise . He is currently a regular contributor to Rave ( India ) , Sing Out ! , Wax Poetics and Fretboard Journal . He spent much of his early career in Milwaukee , but now lives in New York City .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3709fd9a2c3a4281515dbf1b456c63cf", "text": "David Production is a Japanese animation studio known for the anime television series adaptation for the long-running manga series JoJo 's Bizarre Adventure . The company was founded by former Gonzo president and producer Kōji Kajita and fellow producer Taito Okiura in September 2007 upon having left Gonzo . The company 's first work was as an animation subcontractor , but in 2009 David Production undertook their first full animation production as a primary contractor with Ristorante Paradiso . Fuji Television acquired the studio on August 1 , 2014 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2c2dbb8030ac8b9f2bfdc783adc00de2", "text": "The Wachowskis Lana Wachowski ( formerly Laurence `` Larry '' Wachowski , born June 21 , 1965 ) and Lilly Wachowski ( formerly Andrew Paul `` Andy '' Wachowski , born December 29 , 1967 ) are American film directors , screenwriters , and producers . They are siblings , and are both trans women . Collectively known as The Wachowskis and formerly as The Wachowski Brothers , the pair made their directing debut in 1996 with Bound , and reached fame with their second film The Matrix ( 1999 ) , a major box office success for which they won the Saturn Award for Best Director . They wrote and directed its two sequels : The Matrix Reloaded and The Matrix Revolutions ( both in 2003 ) , and were deeply involved in the writing and production of other works in the franchise . Following the commercial success of The Matrix series , they wrote and produced the 2006 film V for Vendetta ( an adaptation of the comic of the same name by Alan Moore ) , and in 2008 released the film Speed Racer , which was a live-action adaptation of the Japanese anime series of the same name . Their next film , Cloud Atlas , based on the novel of the same name by David Mitchell and co-written and co-directed by Tom Tykwer , was released in 2012 . Their film Jupiter Ascending and the Netflix series Sense8 both debuted in 2015 . The siblings have worked as a writing and directing unit throughout their professional film careers from Bound through the first season of Sense8 . Following her gender transition , Lilly Wachowski took a break from active writing and directing ; Lana worked on the second season of Sense8 without her .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d27d966464f50090b1f1b81ca343809a", "text": "Kaleidoscope (newspaper) Kaleidoscope was an underground newspaper that was published in Milwaukee , Wisconsin . Founded by John Kois , radio disk jockey Bob Reitman , and John Sahli ( a member of The Shags ) , it was published from October 6 , 1967 to November 11 , 1971 , printing 105 biweekly issues in all . The paper 's first issue was printed with a borrowed $ 250 in an edition of 3500 copies , which sold out in two days . In the first anniversary issue of Kaleidoscope a brief history of the paper 's origins appeared : ' `` The need for a Milwaukee-based underground newspaper was apparent early in 1967 . It was talked about , tentative plans made and loose alliances formed , throughout the spring and summer , but nothing definite was done until July , when George Richard , a happy man of business , offered to underwrite the first issue . The first `` staff '' meeting was held in the Knickerbocker Coffee Shop . It was quite a crew : Bob Reitman , cemetery managing rock freak poet ; John Sahli , industrial designing former gentle Shag ; and John Kois , drifter free lance writer recently escaped from the coast . '' ' From its first issue , Kaleidoscope was subject to censorship attempts , including arrest of vendors in some suburbs and a drive to put its printer out of business ; one case went to the U.S. Supreme Court ( after the newspaper had folded ) , which ruled in Kois v. Wisconsin that the newspaper 's publication of two photos and a poem entitled `` Sex Poem '' in an article about censorship did not constitute obscenity . `` One of the requirements to get on this paper , '' John Kois told a reporter for Rolling Stone , `` is that you have to dig fucking and doping . '' Kaleidoscope was an affiliate of the Liberation News Service ( LNS ) and Underground Press Syndicate ( UPS ) . It finally succumbed after four years to a combination of financial pressures , internal factionalism and burn-out . The 1971 death of printer Bill Schanen , who withstood a boycott of his printing business after he started printing the undergrounds on his presses , may also have been a factor in the paper 's demise . Schanen 's son continued to print the paper but refused to extend any more credit . With the paper $ 15,000 in debt to 42 creditors , and revenues sinking fast , it soon folded . At various times , Kaleidoscope also published several sister papers around the upper Midwest : the Chicago Kaleidoscope ( first issue dated Nov. 22-Dec . 5 1968 , later merged with the Chicago Seed ) ; Omaha Kaleidoscope ; Fox Valley Kaleidoscope ( based in Oshkosh , Wisconsin ) , and the Madison Kaleidoscope . There was also a short-lived affiliate in Indianapolis . These papers shared a common printer ( Bill Schanen in Port Washington , Wisconsin ) , and sold advertising space to national advertisers that ran in all the active papers of the chain . Each ran local and hard news in a front section which was combined with a shared second section edited in Milwaukee , containing less parochial material ( mostly arts and culture ) derived or reprinted from national and syndicated sources . This latter `` Part II '' was also sold to other underground newspapers to be used as a supplement to their local content . Advertising revenue from this source was greatly diminished starting in 1969 after the FBI allegedly pressured advertisers such as Columbia Records to quit running advertisements in the underground press ; although some observers have also attributed the sharp falloff in record company advertising which was experienced by all of the underground press to the rise of specialized rock music papers like Rolling Stone.Kaleidoscope also operated two peripheral businesses in Milwaukee : the Granfalloon coffeehouse , and the Interabang bookstore at 1668 N. Warren Ave. After Kaleidoscope ceased publication in late 1971 a number of staffers joined the Bugle-American '' . Kois ended up working for Al Goldstein 's Screw magazine . Reitman continued to work as a radio personality in Milwaukee , where he is still on the radio one night a week as of June 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84b006dcbe140c1f78c368b4543092d3", "text": "Adam Marcus (director) Adam Marcus ( born 1968 ) is an American film director , writer and actor . Marcus was born in Westport , Connecticut and attended Staples High School . He started his career at the age of fifteen , when he co-created the Westport Theatreworks Theatrical Company where he directed and produced over fifty shows in seven years . He then attended New York University where he won the coveted Best Picture Award at the Student Academy Awards in 1990 for his film , '' ... so you like this girl '' . In 1991 , Marcus was called out to Los Angeles by filmmaker Sean S. Cunningham ( the director of the original Friday the 13th ) to work on producing and directing features . That same year , he co-produced Johnny Zombie ( retitled My Boyfriend 's Back ) for Cunningham and Disney Studios . In 1993 , Marcus wrote the story for and directed the ninth film in the Friday the 13th series , Jason Goes to Hell : The Final Friday for New Line . He was 23 at the time and the youngest director ever hired by the studio . The three million dollar feature went on to gross over eighteen million domestically and became one of New Line Video 's largest releases ever . Marcus and his writing partner Debra Sullivan then turned their attention to screenwriting for Paramount ( the adaptation of James Patterson 's Virgin , later titled Cradle and All ) and Fox ( the original Black Autumn ) . In 1995 , Marcus created the theater company Damn Skippy Theatreworks in L.A. . In the Summer and Fall of 1998 Marcus directed the independently financed feature film comedy , Let It Snow ( aka Snow Days ) . The picture marked the return of Bernadette Peters in a feature film after an eight-year absence from film work . The film screened at the Independent Feature Film Market ( IFFM ) in New York City where it was singled out as the most successful film at the market by Variety , Time Out IndieWire . Let It Snow had its world premiere at the American Film Institute 's Los Angeles International Film Festival ( AFI 's LAIFF ) in competition in the New Visions Category ; the film won awards at the festival for Best New Writer and Best Editing . The film then went on to be an official selection of Sundance 2000 in the American Spectrum section where it was given two extra screenings and sold out all seven of its showings . Then came the New York/Avignon film festival and the Deauville festival in France , where the film received critical acclaim . Let It Snow received positive reviews from Variety , The Hollywood Reporter , Ai n't It Cool News , The New York Times , and The Gore Score as well as a number of other publications worldwide . Marcus then turned to television , where he sold several series to Bright/Kauffman/Crane Productions , Imagine Television , NBC , Fox and The WB . In 2008 , Marcus directed the feature film Conspiracy for Sony Pictures , which he co-wrote with Debra Sullivan . The film was shot in Santa Fe , New Mexico with Val Kilmer , Jennifer Esposito and Gary Cole . Marcus completed the pilot presentation Fitz and Slade and is currently co-writing , directing and serving as executive producer on the web series Connected . In 2013 Marcus co-wrote the reboot of The Texas Chainsaw Massacre series , Texas Chainsaw 3D with partner Sullivan and Stephen Susco , which was the first number-one box office film in North America of the year . He co-wrote with Sullivan the feature film Cabin Fever : Outbreak and is directing and co-writing The Plantation , an adaptation of Val Lewton 's RKO classic I Walked with a Zombie . Adam 's script for Momentum ( aka Gravity ) , co-written by Sullivan , began production in South Africa starting January 2014 . The film was the directorial debut of Stephen Campanelli and stars Morgan Freeman , James Purefoy and Olga Kurylenko . The film premiered at the Fantasia International Film Festival in 2015 . Marcus is the brother of Young Artist Award-nominated actor Kipp Marcus . Marcus attended NYU 's Tisch School of the Arts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cb949a360d6ffbbc076980cfe0af9976", "text": "A Place to Stand (film) A Place to Stand is a 1967 film produced and edited by the Canadian artist and filmmaker Christopher Chapman for the Ontario pavilion at Expo 67 in Montréal , Québec , Canada . For the film , he pioneered the concept of moving panes , of moving images , within the single context of the screen . At times there are 15 separate images moving at once . This technique , which he dubbed `` multi-dynamic image technique '' has since been employed in many films , notably Norman Jewison 's 1968 film The Thomas Crown Affair . Mr. Jewison has credited Mr. Chapman as the creator of the edit style . The technique can also be seen on television in the series 24 . It is said that most of the editing decisions were worked out in an accountant 's spreadsheet book and the pencil edit plan resembled flow charts . Chapman has said that at one point in the editing process he stood there in the room , bits of footage hanging from clips all around him . He felt crushed by the force of his vision and he was a breath away from quitting . Even at the first screening , Chapman was exhausted and unsure but as he left the room , Steve McQueen watching at the back , grabbed Chapman and told him that he was blown away by the film . The 18-minute film used 70mm stock and was projected onto a 66 by 30 foot screen . It contains no dialogue , but only music by a 45-member orchestra and a 15-member choir . Its theme song , `` A Place to Stand , a Place to Grow '' , written by Dolores Claman and Richard Morris , and orchestrated by Jerry Toth , enjoyed great popularity on its own . Commissioned by the Ontario Department of Economics and Development from the Toronto commercial design studio TDF and premiered at the Expo 67 Ontario Pavilion on April 28 , 1967 , it was seen by some two million at Expo 67 itself and later by a further estimated 100 million in North America and Europe in cinema release . It was nominated for an Academy Award in two categories : Best Documentary Short Subject and Best Live Action Short Subject . It won the latter prize , which Chapman accepted on April 10 , 1968 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b3c95d6b6f0e5fc404bce953042aa238", "text": "Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film . The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f9ca38673fe25d6c4161f8ddc8d89af", "text": "Scammers (band) Scammers is an American experimental musician . Phil Diamond began Scammers in 2010 while living at the Pistol Social Club in Kansas City , Missouri . His songwriting has been compared to that of Leonard Cohen , Scott Walker , and Nick Cave . In 2013 , Scammers released `` Philipglasscandy , '' the first in a series of releases in the style of John Oswald 's Plunderphonics . This series later included 2014 's `` Songs of Suspicious Origin , '' and 2016 's `` Deathly Hollow . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2bdea9d897b33dc91509e70e7298743c", "text": "Do Not Adjust Your Set Do Not Adjust Your Set ( DNAYS ) is a television series produced originally by Rediffusion , London , then , by the fledgling Thames Television for British commercial television channel ITV from 26 December 1967 to 14 May 1969 . The show took its name from the message ( frequently seen on the TV screen in those days ) which was displayed when there was a problem with transmission . It included early appearances of Denise Coffey , David Jason , Eric Idle , Terry Jones , and Michael Palin ; the last three became members of the Monty Python comedy troupe soon afterwards . Although originally conceived as a children 's programme , it quickly acquired a following amongst many adults , including future Pythons John Cleese and Graham Chapman ( as mentioned by Cleese himself in the `` Paying my ex-wife '' stage performance tour , October 2010 ) . The Bonzo Dog Doo-Dah Band performed a song in each programme and Bob Kerr 's Whoopee Band also appeared . The musicians frequently appeared as extras in sketches . The programme comprised a series of sketches , often bizarre and surreal , frequently satirical with a disjointed style which anticipate Monty Python 's Flying Circus , which followed five months after the last episode of DNAYS . Strange animations between sketches were crafted in the final episodes by the then-unknown Terry Gilliam , who also graduated to Python -- part of his `` Christmas cards '' animation reappeared there in the `` Joy to the World '' segment . One long-running feature of the show was Captain Fantastic , featuring a parody superhero ( Jason ) in improbable , even macabre adventures against villainess Mrs. Black ( Coffey ) . These segments were shot entirely on film , on location in London . In 1968 , it won an international award , the Prix Jeunesse , in Munich .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d07581402e411315701368224f98e44b", "text": "Vincent Kaminski Vincent Julian Kaminski was born in Poland and worked as the Managing Director for Research at the failed energy trading corporation Enron until 2002 . In this capacity he led a team of approximately fifty analysts who developed quantitative models to support energy trading . In the months preceding Enron 's bankruptcy Kaminski repeatedly raised strong objections to the financial practices of Enron 's Chief Financial Officer , Andrew Fastow , designed to fraudulently conceal the company 's burgeoning debt . The primary practice involved hiding Enron 's debt in partnership companies managed by Fastow and financed by outside creditors . The debt was then secured against stock in the Enron Corporation itself , which was strongly valued at that time . To induce creditors to assume the risk of financing this debt certain `` trigger events '' were built into the contracts which would require immediate repayment of the full loan amount , such as the decline of the stock value used as collateral below a prearranged level . During the course of a company-wide comprehensive risk assessment Kaminski and his team of analysts pointed out that there existed many such arrangements , and if one were triggered the rest would be activated like dominoes as the stock price fell in response to the bad news , effectively ending the financial viability of the company . Kaminski 's strident opposition to these practices was one of the last chances to avert the implosion which soon followed . Dr. Kaminski holds an M.S. degree in International Economics and a Ph.D. degree in Mathematical Economics from the Main School of Planning and Statistics in Warsaw ( which has since been renamed Warsaw School of Economics ) , and an MBA from Fordham University in New York City . He teaches at the business school of Rice University in Houston , Texas , and is the author of several books on risk management and energy trading . Books by Dr. Kaminski : Energy Modelling : Advances in the Management of Uncertainty , published by Risk Books in 2005 , ISBN 1-904339-42-5 Managing Energy Price Risk : The New Challenges and Solutions , published by Risk Books in 2004 , ISBN 1-904339-19-0 Energy Markets http://riskbooks.com/energy-markets , published by Risk Books on 18 January 2013 , ISBN 9781906348793", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ee1fe32a7a6b00990695882bd51022b", "text": "Cine Foundation International Cine Foundation International is London-based non-profit film company and human rights NGO `` aiming to 'em power open consciousness through cinema ' '' . The foundation was formed in December 2010 by American filmmaker Jesse Richards , founder of the Remodernist film movement , South Korean film critic Blue Un Sok Kim and Tobias Morgan , formerly the developer of `` The Garage '' on Mubi . On 3 January 2011 , CFI announced their launch of a campaign of protest films and public actions calling for the release of imprisoned Iranian filmmaker Jafar Panahi . `` The campaign will include protest films that speak to human rights issues in Iran and throughout the world , six of which are commissioned feature-length , plus twenty shorts . Participating filmmakers may act anonymously or through pseudonyms since voicing their stories can be dangerous . The films , which will address themes of nation , identity , self , spiritual culture , censorship and imprisonment , will be aimed for public , web and various exhibition media '' . In January 2011 , filmmakers Béla Tarr and Lav Diaz joined the foundation 's Board of Directors , and in February Fred Kelemen joined the Board of Directors . Also in January 2011 , CFI deployed a video protest mechanism called WHITE MEADOWS ( named for the Mohammad Rasoulof film of the same title ) and developed by Ericson deJesus ( of Yahoo! and frog design ) at the request of the foundation . The video mechanism `` allow ( s ) anyone in the world to record a short video statement about Panahi and Rasoulof . There will be an ESCAPE button at top , allowing quick exit for those in countries where recording a statement would be dangerous . There will be an option to have the screen black , and soon , voice distortion . The video statements will be recorded as mp4s , giving them maximum transmedia capacity , which essentially makes them broadcastable from any device that can show video '' . Users can also use the mechanism to comment on how they would `` like to see as an international response by the film industry '' , comment on the state of human rights in general , or to `` report a human rights abuse to the world '' . Late in 2011 , CFI launched #OccupyCinema , an ongoing collective project in collaboration with the global Occupy movement . The project encompasses `` public space projections onto buildings or other public surfaces -- broadcasting films , video documents or live feeds , with the intention of decentralising traditional broadcast monopolies and information power structures where these interfere with freedom of speech or otherwise compel human beings to surrender to the agendas of ethically bankrupt regimes . '' On November 1 , #OccupyCinema will launch public displays of films in New York City , Dallas , Kansas , London and Paris , with more to follow over the next week . Tobias Morgan resigned as Chair in Autumn 2011 , having been commissioned to make a Cine Foundation International feature film dedicated to the Iranian film producer Katayoun Shahabi . Jesse Richards resigned in 2012 , and Blue Un Sok Kim took the Chair . Category : International human rights organizations Category : Organisations based in the United Kingdom Category : Arts organisations based in the United Kingdom Category : Film organisations in the United Kingdom", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b92b62a80d559a88bad438d5d85f40dd", "text": "Łukasz Targosz Łukasz Targosz ( -LSB- wukaʂ tarɡoʂ -RSB- ; born 20 February 1977 in Cracow ) is a Polish film composer , and music and film producer . A graduate from The Karol Szymanowski Academy of Music in Katowice ( Jazz and Pop Music Department ) in 2002 . He started his career as a session musician . After writing music for a movie entitled The Crown Witness , he gained recognition . He received two awards for his film music : in 2010 during Roma Fiction Fest for the best music written for a TV series Marked and during Los Angeles Cinema Festival of Hollywood ( Winter 2015 ) for music composed for The Last Waltz . Radiostation RMF Classic as well as its listeners awarded Łukasz Targosz with MocArty for The Best Film Music of 2014 written to a TV series The Pack produced by HBO Poland . He can boast of over 40 soundtracks for various cinematic projects -- to begin with art house , through mainstream movies and animation , to end with new generation historic movies such as Stones for the Rampart by Robert Gliński , long awaited screen version of a classical Polish novel by Aleksander Kamiński . A romantic comedy entitled Letters to St. Nicolas achieved box-office success in Poland while the soundtrack quickly reached gold record status ; Love and Dance is the first Polish dance movie which was watched by a record-breaking number of viewers ; Insiders -- a thriller TV series was reviewed as one of the best Polish TV series ; Marked was nominated during such festivals as RoseD ` or , Monte-Carlo Television Festival and Roma Fition Fest ; the animation entitled The Game , which he also co-produced , was awarded during numerous international festivals , e.g. Boston International Film Festival , Mexico International Film Festival , On Location : Memphis International Film and Music Fest , Canada International Film Festival , Indie Fest . What is more , The Game was the only Polish animation which stood a chance to win an Oscar for the year 2012 . He was also a co-producer of Floating Skyscrapers by Tomasz Wasilewski , one of top award winning Polish movies in 2013 ( International Film Festival in Karlovy Vary , T-Mobile New Horizons , Gdynia Film Festival ) . He cooperated with various well-known artists , among them : Jennifer Batten ( together they performed solos for Michael Jackson 's Dirty Diana , which was used in the movie entitled Love and Dance ) , Renata Przemyk , Grzegorz Turnau , Janusz Radek , Robert Janowski , Doda , Afromental band . He is a co-owner of the Music Production Studio SPOT which was found in 1999 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7acd50be89f029165fc41d84c7b7e232", "text": "Ross Geller Ross Geller , Ph.D. , is a fictional character from the NBC sitcom Friends , portrayed by David Schwimmer . Ross is considered by many to be the most intelligent member of the group and is noted for his goofy , pathetic but lovable demeanor . He is a compulsive liar to avoid arguments or situations with conflict , often leading to an arcing storyline within a show . His relationship with Rachel Green was included in TV Guides list of the best TV couples of all time , as well as Entertainment Weeklys `` 30 Best ` Will They/Won ' t They ? ' TV Couples '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "445b74e122e89d9def2013aa02429169", "text": "David J. Schow David J. Schow ( born July 13 , 1955 ) is an American author of horror novels , short stories , and screenplays . His credits include films such as The Crow and The Texas Chainsaw Massacre : The Beginning . Most of Schow 's work falls into the subgenre splatterpunk , a term he is sometimes credited with coining . In the 1990s , Schow wrote Raving & Drooling , a regular column for Fangoria magazine . All 41 instalments were collected in the book Wild Hairs ( 2000 ) , which won the International Horror Guild 's award for best non-fiction in 2001 . In 1987 , Schow 's novella Pamela 's Get was nominated for a Bram Stoker Award for best long fiction . His short story Red Light won the 1987 World Fantasy Award for Best Short Fiction . And in 2015 , The Outer Limits at 50 won the Rondo Award for Book of the Year in a tie with The Creature Chronicles by Tom Weaver , of which Schow was a contributor . As an editor , Schow 's work includes three volumes of writings by Robert Bloch and a book of short stories by John Farris . Schow has also been a past contributor to liner notes for cult film distributors Grindhouse Releasing/Box Office Spectaculars , notably on the North American DVD release of Italian filmmaker Lucio Fulci 's horror film , Cat in the Brain . He has also written text supplements for the DVDs of Reservoir Dogs and From Hell , and has done DVD commentaries for The Dirty Dozen , The Green Mile , Incubus , Thriller and Creature from the Black Lagoon .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4cac1804a3369262b5360c743206fe23", "text": "Scott & Muriel Scott & Muriel is the stage name of the comedy duo Scott Nelson and Muriel Brugman , a husband and wife team of comedy illusionists and entertainers . Their style of performance can best be described as `` slapstick magic , '' a combination of visual comedy , slapstick , modern clowning , and illusions . All the material and illusions they perform they created , designed and built themselves . They began working together in 1999 . In June , 2000 , they won the title `` National Champions of Holland '' at the Dutch National Congress of Magic . One month later in July 2000 , they won the highest award in magic , the FISM Grand Prix , and with it the title `` World Champions of Magic . '' They are the first and only comedy magic duo to have won this award . In 2002 they appeared at the famous Juste pour rire ( Just for Laughs ) festival in Montreal , Canada . In 2003 they were the only illusionists to work with Cirque du Soleil in the company 's first television series , Solstrom . In 2004 they created their first full evening show , Scott & Muriel 's B!G Show with Joe ! , together with Joe Dieffenbacher of the theater group Nakupelle . This show toured for three years in the Netherlands . It was produced by Kees van Liempt of Interpresario and directed by Pieter Athmer . The music was arranged and composed by Kino Haitsma . In 2006 Scott & Muriel took over the production of the show and it has since toured in Austria and Germany . Scott & Muriel were semi-finalists in the popular TV show Holland 's Got Talent on SBS6 in 2007 . In 2008 they were invited to the 32nd edition of the International Circus Festival of Monte-Carlo . At the festival they were awarded the Nice-Matin Journalist Prize and the Special Prize from the Fairmont Hotel of Monaco . They were the first illusionists to appear in the festival since Lee Pee Ville in 1978 . At the 2nd World Festival of Clowns in Ekatrineburg , Russia , 2009 , Scott & Muriel were awarded the Golden Clown . In 2010-2011 they starred in the Palazzo dinner-theater show in Amsterdam , the Netherlands . In 2011-2012 they starred in the Big Apple Circus in New York City , United States In 2012-2013 they appeared in the show ` Seduction ' at the Royal Palace cabaret in Kirrwiller , France In 2014-2015 they appeared in the Weltweihnachtszirkus in Stuttgart , Germany They are currently busy touring with their 90-minute theater show `` Scott & Muriel - The Accidental Illusionists ... Fall in Love '' Scott & Muriel reside in the Netherlands .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "c425b7e2bed3128b09fd4ad27295580b", "text": "Selena Gomez Selena Marie Gomez ( -LSB- səˈliːnə_məˈɹiː_ˈɡoʊmɛz -RSB- ; -LSB- seˈlena ˈɣomes -RSB- ; born July 22 , 1992 ) is an American actress and singer . Having appeared in the children 's television series Barney & Friends while growing up , she rose to fame playing the role of Alex Russo on the Disney Channel series Wizards of Waverly Place ( 2007 -- 2012 ) . In 2008 , she signed a recording contract with Hollywood Records and formed her band Selena Gomez & the Scene . The band released three studio albums and produced four top 30 singles by 2011 . Gomez also formed her own production company in 2008 , July Moon Productions ; she serves as an executive producer on the Netflix original series 13 Reasons Why , which released in March 2017 . Between 2009 and 2011 , Gomez starred in films such as Princess Protection Program , Ramona and Beezus , and Monte Carlo , and took on a more mature role in Spring Breakers ( 2013 ) . Gomez also took her singing career in a different direction , with the release of her first solo album Stars Dance ( 2013 ) ; the album debuted atop the Billboard 200 in the United States and included the top ten single `` Come & Get It . '' Gomez released a compilation album in 2014 as her fifth and final release through Hollywood Records , which was preceded by her second top ten single `` The Heart Wants What It Wants '' , and signed a new recording contract with Interscope Records . In 2015 , she released her second solo album , Revival , which debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 , while the first three singles , `` Good for You , '' `` Same Old Love , '' and `` Hands to Myself , '' all topped the Mainstream Top 40 chart in the United States . Gomez has also starred in the films The Fundamentals of Caring ( 2016 ) , In Dubious Battle ( 2016 ) , and in the Hotel Transylvania films . Since the start of her singing career , she has gone on to sell over 7 million albums and 22 million singles worldwide , according to Billboard . Gomez has earned a number of awards and nominations for her work as an actress and singer , and has won a Billboard Women in Music award , an MTV Video Music Award , an American Music Award , and fifteen Teen Choice Awards . As of November 2016 , Gomez is the most-followed Instagram user in the world .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "c08c87fd6a99eb0d2b23b7caf375cd3f", "text": "List of Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles of 2007 The Billboard Hot 100 is a chart that ranks the best-performing singles of the United States . Published by Billboard magazine , the data are compiled by Nielsen SoundScan based collectively on each single 's weekly physical and digital sales , and airplay . In 2007 , 17 singles reached the top spot on the chart . An 18th single , Beyoncé Knowles ' `` Irreplaceable '' , began a run at the top in 2006 which continued into 2007 . In 2007 , eight acts achieved their first US number-one single , either as a lead artist or featured guest : Maroon 5 , Avril Lavigne , Mims , Plain White T 's , Sean Kingston , Soulja Boy Tell 'Em , T-Pain , and Yung Joc . Producer Timbaland earned his first number-one single as lead artist with `` Give It to Me '' ; he had previously appeared as featured guest on singer Nelly Furtado 's number-one single `` Promiscuous '' . T-Pain , Justin Timberlake , Nelly Furtado and Fergie each earned two number-one singles , either as a lead artist or featured guest . Three number-one singles tied for the longest run on the chart in 2007 : Knowles ' `` Irreplaceable '' , Rihanna 's `` Umbrella '' , and Soulja Boy Tell 'Em 's `` Crank That ( Soulja Boy ) '' all topped the chart for seven weeks ; the last of these was non-consecutive . However , `` Irreplaceable '' , which started its peak position in three issues the previous year , is credited to by Billboard magazine as 2006 's longest-running single . To this effect , `` Umbrella '' and `` Crank That ( Soulja Boy ) '' are the longest-running singles of 2007 . Other singles with extended chart runs include singer Alicia Keys ' `` No One '' which stayed at number one for five straight weeks . `` Irreplaceable '' is the best-performing single of the calendar year , topping the Year-End Hot 100 singles of 2007 for seven consecutive weeks . Band Maroon 5 's `` Makes Me Wonder '' is noted for its jump from 64th to 1st place on the Billboard Hot 100 , making it the largest leap of 2007 . `` Umbrella '' , which occupied the top slot for seven of summer 's thirteen weeks , has been credited by the music press as 2007 's Song of the Summer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "890e246a8446f4823092acd416b53728", "text": "Anastacia discography The discography of Anastacia , an American singer-songwriter , consists of six studio albums , twenty two singles , twenty three music videos , and two DVDs . She released her debut album , Not That Kind on June 13 , 2000 . The album reached the top ten in eight countries in Europe and Asia . It went four times platinum in Europe and triple platinum in Australia ; her debut single `` I 'm Outta Love '' was a global smash hit in 1999 topping the charts in Belgium , Australia and New Zealand , peaking at number two in France , Switzerland , Italy and Ireland as well as also reaching number six both in Germany . The second single `` Not That Kind '' reached number 11 in the UK and became a Top 10 hit in Italy . It also entered the Top 20 in Switzerland and France . `` Cowboys & Kisses '' was released as the third single off the album , charting in the top forty in some European countries . As the last promotional only single , `` Made for Lovin ' You '' charted in the UK at number twenty-seven and in France at number seventy-two . Her second album Freak of Nature released in 2001 , achieved successful sales in the U.K. where it went triple platinum as well as being a hit throughout continental Europe , however unlike her debut it did not match the same level of international success . The first single released was `` Paid My Dues '' . The song became an overall hit , in 2001 , peaking in Denmark , Italy , Norway , and Switzerland , and reaching the top ten in several other mainland European countries . The second single , released in 2002 , `` One Day in Your Life '' , reached number eleven in the UK and the top ten in many European countries . The next single `` Why 'd You Lie to Me '' reached the top thirty in the UK . `` You 'll Never Be Alone '' , the fourth single , reached number twenty-eight on the Adult Contemporary chart in the U.S. Anastacia quickly became her most successful album to date , giving her a third consecutive triple platinum album in the U.K. and reaching the top of national charts of Ireland , the Netherlands , Australia , Greece , Germany and other countries . Unlike her first two albums , which were released in her homeland of America , Anastacia was not , despite being scheduled for release on three occasions . The first single , released in March , was `` Left Outside Alone '' , which saw a change in direction for Anastacia . It was one of the biggest songs in Europe of 2004 , reaching number one Austria , Italy , Spain , Switzerland and number two in Denmark , Germany , Ireland , the Netherlands , Norway and number three in the United Kingdom and Hungary . Overall the song remained at No. 1 on the European Billboards for 15 weeks . The song also peaked in the Australian charts where it went on to become the countries ' second biggest selling single of 2004 . Anastacia released three further internationally successful singles ; `` Sick and Tired '' ( which gave her another number one in Spain and another UK top five single ) , `` Welcome to My Truth '' ( her best-selling hit in Spain ) , and the ballad `` Heavy on My Heart '' proceeds from the sale of which went towards her Anastacia Fund ( a charitable organization providing research funding for breast cancer ) . On July 24 , Anastacia announced that her fourth studio album Heavy Rotation would be released October 27 , 2008 in Europe and Asia ( and elsewhere in 2009 ) . Her fourth studio album proved to be less successful than her previous ones ; her singles failed to reach the top 40 in her most commercially successful country ( UK ) . The album 's first single , called `` I Can Feel You '' , began playing in some radio markets on August 25 , 2008 . The second single from Heavy Rotation was `` Absolutely Positively '' , later served as a promotional single only . The third official single from the album had been confirmed as `` Defeated '' and was released as a promotional single only in Europe without a music video . It 's a Man 's World , a collection of her covers by rock male artists was released on November 9 , 2012 . Anastacia confirmed via her Twitter account that she was currently writing songs for producers , John Fields and Steve Diamond and also , recording her sixth studio album which will return to her own chosen `` sprock '' sound . The album , entitled Resurrection , is to be released in May 2014 with the lead single `` Stupid Little Things '' was released on April 4 and was met with overwhelmingly positive reaction from music critics with MTV 's Brad Stern including it in the 5 Must-Hear Pop Songs of the Week ! stating that it was ` return to form ' from the ` pop princess and proof that Anastacia 's a true survivor ' , after her second battle with breast cancer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53e8a8a625485bbd5bafae1e114557fa", "text": "List of Mainstream Top 40 top 10 singles in 1996 This is a list of songs that have peaked in the top ten of the Mainstream Top 40 chart during 1996 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9fff2cfe403a27ec393012decc92f8d5", "text": "The Heart Wants What It Wants `` The Heart Wants What It Wants '' is a song by American singer Selena Gomez from her 2014 compilation album For You . It was released on November 6 , 2014 , through Hollywood Records . The song was written by Gomez , Antonina Armato and Tim James . Additional songwriting was provided by David Jost . Armato and James , who collectively form the production duo Rock Mafia , also produced the song . A mid-tempo pop and R&B track with a minimal electropop beat , its accompanying music video was premiered on November 6 , 2014 , alongside the premiere of the song itself . It is Gomez 's last release under the label . Music critics mostly commended the song 's lyrical content , production , vocals , and Gomez 's new direction . The song reached number six on the Billboard Hot 100 . It also reached number six in Canada , and peaked in the top 40 in sixteen countries , including Australia , Belgium , New Zealand , and the United Kingdom .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fc4f047b3396b86648b187023aff366c", "text": "Qué Hiciste `` Qué Hiciste '' ( English : What Did You Do ? ) is a song recorded by American singer Jennifer Lopez for her fifth studio album , Como Ama una Mujer ( 2007 ) . It was written and produced by Marc Anthony and Julio Reyes Copello , with additional writing from Jimena Romero . `` Qué Hiciste '' became a commercial success for Lopez , appearing in a wide range of charts around the world . The song became her first Spanish-language song to chart inside the Billboard Hot 100 , reaching a peak position of eighty-six . It also peaked atop of Billboard Hot Dance Club Play and Hot Latin Tracks charts . The song additionally reached the top position in Italy and in Switzerland . Lopez performed the song on American Idol on April 11 , 2007 ; becoming the first artist ever to perform a Spanish song on the show .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28094ebf5f8824f5921992885d751481", "text": "List of number-one Billboard Top Latin Songs of 2010 The Billboard Hot Latin Songs chart ranks the best-performing Spanish-language singles in the United States . Published by Billboard magazine , the data are compiled by Nielsen SoundScan based collectively on each single 's weekly physical and digital sales , and airplay .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dab9947ccfbc33db1d18211799aaa244", "text": "List of number-one dance singles of 2014 (U.S.) The U.S. Dance Club Songs chart is published weekly by Billboard . It compiles the weeks most popular songs from a sample of reporting DJ 's around the country . The first number-one song of 2014 was `` Unconditionally '' by Katy Perry . With remixes by Syn Cole , Manufactured Superstars , Tracy Young and Country Club Martini Crew , it became her twelfth consecutive chart topper , extending her own record for the most number-ones in a row in the thirty-seven year history of the chart . Perry achieved a further three number one singles during the year -- `` Dark Horse '' featuring Juicy J , `` Birthday '' and `` This Is How We Do '' -- with the last becoming her record-extending fifteenth consecutive number-one . Beyoncé was one of three acts to top the chart three times , beginning with `` Blow '' , then `` Partition '' and her twenty-second in total , `` Pretty Hurts '' . Iggy Azalea and Dave Audé achieved three number-ones ; the former with `` Fancy '' featuring Charli XCX , `` Black Widow '' featuring Rita Ora and `` Booty '' , a collaboration with Jennifer Lopez , and Audé with `` Take Me Away '' , `` Aftermath ( Here We Go ) '' and `` Hustlin . Demi Lovato topped the chart twice with `` Neon Lights '' and `` Really Do n't Care '' featuring Cher Lloyd . `` Somebody Loves You '' became Betty Who 's first song to top the chart . Fedde Le Grand and Gregor Salto produced remixes of Mariah Carey 's song `` You 're Mine ( Eternal ) '' , garnering the singer her seventeenth number-one since she first topped the chart with `` Someday '' in 1991 . `` Painkillr '' , by Erika Jayne , became her seventh consecutive number-one on the chart . In addition to `` Black Widow '' , Ora 's own `` I Will Never Let You Down '' topped the chart in June . Enrique Iglesias became the male artist with the most number-one songs in history , with `` Bailando '' featuring Descemer Bueno and Gente de Zona becoming his thirteenth . `` Ca n't Remember to Forget You '' , a song by Shakira featuring Rihanna , became the former 's sixth and the latter 's twenty-second number-one in April , making Rihanna the second artist with the most entries after Madonna . Shakira also topped the chart with `` Dare ( La La La ) '' in July . Zhu 's song `` Faded '' topped the chart on December 20 . A writer for Complex was surprised that the song only reached number-one in December despite being commercially released in September , writing `` While I 'd love to say that it 's because the song is just that damn good ( which it is ) , Billboard says it 's been helped by the number of remixes from Odesza , Amtrac , and The Magician . '' `` Never Say Never '' by Basement Jaxx became the most-played track of the year from the national sample , ranking atop the Dance Club Songs 2014 year-end chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "61fed2a5d53e58b0b547096d865f48fd", "text": "Jomanda (group) Jomanda was an American female house music vocal trio from New Jersey . Members included Joanne Thomas , Cheri Williams , and Renee Washington . It had several hits on the US Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart during the first half of the 1990s , including `` Got a Love for You , '' which reached # 1 in 1991 . The song also crossed over to the mainstream , going Top 40 ( peaking at # 40 ) on the US Billboard Hot 100 . In 1993 , the trio returned to # 1 on the dance chart with `` Do n't You Want Me , '' a track credited to Felix featuring Jomanda . Group member Joanne Thomas died in October 2003 , after a three-year battle with colon cancer . The song `` Make My Body Rock '' appeared on the fictional radio station SF-UR in the video game Grand Theft Auto : San Andreas . This song is also featured on Dance ! Online , a multiplayer online casual rhythm game .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0246b7ed8f112c536bc7d15a68347016", "text": "Yolanda Pérez Yolanda Pérez ( born May 20 , 1983 ) is an American singer-songwriter who specializes in banda music . She is sometimes known by the stage name `` La Potranquita '' , ( Spanish : `` little filly '' ) , a name taken by her father from his home city of Zacatecas , Mexico . Perez was born in Los Angeles , California . Her family later moved to Montclair , California . She graduated from Montclair High School in 2001 . When she was 11 years old , Perez won a music contest held in the Los Angeles-area Lynwood . As part of the prize package , she recorded an album that launched her musical career . She has since recorded several more albums . Her career was especially enhanced when she signed with the Fonovisa label , part of the Univision Music Group . Perez followed in the footsteps of her father and grandparents who were also exponents of banda music . Her minor-label albums exhibited all the traditional characteristics of banda , but from Déjenme Llorar ( 2003 ) onwards she has combined the banda sound with modern elements such as rap as well as introducing set-piece dialogues into some tracks . Her music also shows other influences from hip hop and R&B artists - this has led her to include Spanglish phrasing in some lyrics , such as in the duet Estoy Enamorada with Don Cheto . Perez therefore , while continuing to exemplify traditional banda , has placed her own stamp and interpretation on this genre . In 2005 , Pérez was nominated for an Urban Artist of the Year award at the 17th Lo Nuestro Awards . Perez has also performed public service announcements and has been involved with other charitable work . In 2006 she volunteered to help with the `` Got Milk '' campaign , explaining that Latin American women tend to worry about outer beauty but need to also focus on their diet .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7a4d9118ff5e1f0ecacdfc142eb3f4df", "text": "List of Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles of 1997 The Billboard Hot 100 is a chart that ranks the best-performing singles of the United States . Published by Billboard magazine , the data are compiled by Nielsen SoundScan based collectively on each single 's weekly physical sales and airplay . There were nine singles that peaked atop the charts , but if `` Un-Break My Heart '' is excluded from the count ( for the song started its peak in the previous year ) , the total would be eight , the second lowest for a single year , tied with 1996 and subsequently , 2005 . The longest running number-one single of 1997 is `` Candle in the Wind 1997 '' / `` Something About the Way You Look Tonight '' , which logged 14 weeks at the top of the Billboard Hot 100 . Two of those weeks were logged in 1998 while the remaining 12 were attained in 1997 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3c23dfb98a852e643dae0a8702929f16", "text": "List of Mainstream Top 40 top 10 singles in 2004 This is a list of songs that have peaked in the top 10 of the Mainstream Top 40 chart during 2004 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b971499eab4de6e7f8d0f3309240ae7e", "text": "Cool for the Summer `` Cool for the Summer '' is a song by American singer Demi Lovato . It serves as the lead single from her fifth studio album , Confident ( 2015 ) . The song was released on July 1 , 2015 , by Hollywood , and Island Records , and made its radio premiere on the same date via Republic Records . Lovato co-wrote `` Cool for the Summer '' with Alexander Erik Kronlund , Savan Kotecha , and the song 's producers Max Martin and Ali Payami . Musically , it has a rock styled edge over an electronic instrumental arrangement . The song has garnered attention for its bi-curious insinuations and sexually suggestive lyrics . Critics praised `` Cool for the Summer '' for its production and bi-curious lyrical content . It was included on several year-end lists and received nominations for the MTV Video Music Awards and 2015 Teen Choice Awards in the `` Song Of The Summer '' category . The song received an award for being one of the most performed songs of 2015 at the ASCAP Pop Music Awards . Commercially `` Cool for the Summer '' had a positive reception . In United States the song debuted at number 36 on the Billboard Hot 100 dated July 18 , 2015 , selling 80,000 copies in its first charting week . It entered the Hot 100 's top 20 on the chart dated August 15 , 2015 , and peaked at number 11 , becoming Lovato 's third highest chart position . The song also reached number one on the Dance Club Songs chart . It was certified double-platinum by RIAA . `` Cool for the Summer '' has also topped the charts in Greece and peaked within the top 10 in Belgium , the Czech Republic , Lebanon , Mexico , New Zealand , and the United Kingdom as well as the top 20 in Australia , Canada , Ireland , Slovakia , and Spain . Its music video was directed by Hannah Lux Davis and released on July 23 , 2015 . It received positive reviews from critics , who praised the singer 's sensuality and artistic growth . To promote the song , Lovato performed it at pool parties after its release . She also promoted the song on several TV programs such as The Voice , Sunrise , the 2015 MTV Video Music Awards , Jimmy Kimmel Live ! , and Saturday Night Live .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "728ce7c731185cc5c3bf568619e73491", "text": "Satisfy You (Puff Daddy song) `` Satisfy You '' , released on October 13 , 1999 , is a number-one R&B single by American hip-hop artist and producer Puff Daddy and features vocals by American R&B singer-songwriter R. Kelly on the hook The song spent six weeks at number one on the U.S. R&B chart and peaked at number two on the Billboard Hot 100 chart for three weeks behind `` Smooth '' by Santana featuring Rob Thomas . The song was co-written by both Combs and R. Kelly , with additional writing by R&B singer Kelly Price , who performs backing vocals . The song 's beat and bassline is taken from `` I Got 5 on It '' by Luniz , which itself interpolates Club Nouveau 's `` Why You Treat Me So Bad '' among others . The song garnered a nomination for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group at the 42nd Grammy Awards in 2000 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2513f52a3038a945652ce419731f0403", "text": "Dance Again... the Hits Dance Again ... the Hits is the first greatest hits album of American entertainer Jennifer Lopez . It was released on July 20 , 2012 , by Epic Records , to coincide with the launch of her first world tour , the Dance Again World Tour . Lopez previously conceived plans for a greatest hits album in 2009 , but instead opted to use the material recorded for her seventh studio album , Love ? , which was released by Island Records in May 2011 after her departure from Epic Records in 2010 . As Lopez owed the label one last album to fulfill her contract , she began work on a new greatest hits album in November 2011 . She later became unsure whether she wanted to go along with plans to release a greatest hits album or a new studio album , eventually deciding on the former . Dance Again ... the Hits comprises eleven previously released tracks , and two new recordings : `` Dance Again '' and `` Goin ' In '' . A deluxe edition of the album was also released , featuring three additional previously released tracks , and a DVD featuring a selection of eleven music videos . The album received generally positive reviews from music critics , who praised it as a reflection of Lopez 's success . Some critics expressed their disappointment in the absence of several successful singles , but deemed this as impressive , noting that this may have been due to the large volume of hit singles she has released over the years . Dance Again ... The Hits was a moderate commercial success , peaking within the top ten in fourteen national charts , and the top twenty in ten national charts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2bb04856c6dfd5c00838481abd1a9fd", "text": "List of best-selling albums in Spain This is a list of the best-selling albums in Spain that have been certified by the Productores de Música de España ( PROMUSICAE ) . PROMUSICAE is in charge of certifying records in Spain . Until October 2005 , the certification levels for albums in Spain were 50,000 for Gold and 100,000 for Platinum . The current levels , however , are 20,000 for Gold and 40,000 for Platinum . Of the 20 best selling albums in Spain , Spanish artists dominate the list with fourteen entries . Two Italian artists and one artist each from the United Kingdom , United States , Cuba and Mexico complete the list . Three acts - Alejandro Sanz , Mecano , and David Bisbal - appear more than once in the list . Alejandro Sanz tops the list with `` Más '' , selling around 2.2 million copies in the country and being certified 22 times . The best-selling non-Spanish language album in Spain is Spice by Spice Girls , which sold 1 million copies .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "48395df3bf70d1d96e61ae31c41d591f", "text": "List of Billboard Mainstream Top 40 number-one songs of 2000 This is a list of the U.S. Billboard magazine Mainstream Top 40 number-one songs of 2000 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d1becac5e1e51c7e67ac16cc8ba581a4", "text": "I Got You I Got You may refer to : I Got You ( I Feel Good ) ( album ) , an album by James Brown `` I Got You ( I Feel Good ) '' , a song by James Brown `` I Got You '' ( Craig Morgan song ) `` I Got You '' ( Dwight Yoakam song ) `` I Got You '' ( Leona Lewis song ) ( 2009 ) `` I Got You '' ( Nick Carter song ) `` I Got You '' ( Split Enz song ) `` I Got You '' ( Shenandoah song ) `` I Got You '' ( Thompson Square song ) `` I Got You '' ( Badfinger song ) `` I Got You '' ( Bebe Rexha song ) `` I Got You ( At the End of the Century ) '' , a song by Wilco from Being There `` I Got You '' , a song by Jack Johnson from From Here to Now to You `` I Got You '' , a song by Leona Lewis from I Am ( 2015 ) `` I Got You '' , a song by Stone Temple Pilots from No. 4 `` I Got You '' , a song by Train from Save Me , San Francisco `` I Got You '' , a song by Whitney Houston from I Look to You `` I Got You '' , a song by Ciara from Jackie `` I Got U '' , a song by Duke Dumont `` I Got U '' , a song by Selena Gomez & the Scene from Kiss & Tell", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d045a21f1c0a7fd5a0dbc94f5d3be4f", "text": "Dance/Electronic Digital Songs Dance/Electronic Digital Songs is a weekly chart that ranks the best-selling digital dance and electronic singles in the United States , according to Billboard . Although it originally started tracking singles the week of January 2 , 2010 , it did not become an official chart until the issue dated April 3 , 2010 . The Dance/Electronic Digital Songs chart tracks the 50 most popular downloaded dance music singles , including tracks that are exclusively available online only . This chart also includes previously released dance and disco songs that became available for downloading , which means that songs like `` You Spin Me Round ( Like a Record ) '' by Dead or Alive are eligible to chart . On January 17 , 2013 , Billboard added a new chart , Dance/Electronic Songs , which tracks the 50 most popular Dance and Electronic singles and tracks based on club play , single sales , radio airplay , digital downloads , and online streaming . As such , this chart serves as the main component for the Dance Club Songs , Dance/Mix Show Airplay , Dance Single Sales , and Dance/Electronic Digital Songs charts . The chart 's first number one was `` Bad Romance '' by Lady Gaga in the January 23 , 2010 issue and Gaga 's songs spent so far ( as December , 2014 ) a total of 1025 weeks on the chart . The chart 's longest running number-one is `` Bulletproof '' by La Roux , reigning at the lead position for 18 consecutive weeks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8afad326aad282e12344509226fbf3b", "text": "Good Girls (Elle King song) `` Good Girls '' is a song written and recorded by American singer and songwriter Elle King for the soundtrack of the 2016 supernatural comedy film , Ghostbusters . The song was co-written and produced by Dave Bassett . It was released digitally on June 3 , 2016 through RCA Records as the soundtrack 's lead single and impacted American Triple A radio on June 13 , 2016 . Upon release , the song received positive reviews from music critics and attained a top 40 position on the Billboard Rock Songs chart .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "408db0ee348d25f31d9de0a2f046cc65", "text": "List of UK top 10 singles in 1989 The UK Singles Chart is one of many music charts compiled by the Official Charts Company that calculates the best-selling singles of the week in the United Kingdom . Before 2004 , the chart was only based on the sales of physical singles with airplay figures and digital downloads excluded from the official chart . This list shows singles that peaked in the Top 10 of the UK Singles Chart during 1989 , as well as songs which peaked in 1988 and 1990 but were in the top 10 in 1989 . The entry date is when the song appeared in the top 10 for the first time . One-hundred and forty-five singles were in the top ten in 1989 . Eight singles from 1988 remained in the top 10 for several weeks at the beginning of the year . `` Especially for You '' by Kylie Minogue and Jason Donovan , `` Crackers International '' by Erasure , `` Suddenly '' by Angry Anderson , `` Good Life '' by Inner City '' and `` Loco in Acapulco '' by The Four Tops all first charted in 1988 but reached their peak in 1989 . Thirty-six artists scored multiple entries in the top 10 in 1989 .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "dc9fdc947387e0d265bb550b27bd8791", "text": "Quebec Quebec ( pronounced -LSB- audio = En-Quebec . ogvkwᵻˈbɛk -RSB- or -LSB- kəˈbɛk -RSB- Québec -LSB- kebɛk -RSB- ) is the second-most populous province of Canada and the only one to have a predominantly French-speaking population , with French as the sole provincial official language . Quebec is Canada 's largest province by area and its second-largest administrative division ; only the territory of Nunavut is larger . It is bordered to the west by the province of Ontario , James Bay , and Hudson Bay ; to the north by Hudson Strait and Ungava Bay ; to the east by the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the province of Newfoundland and Labrador ; and to the south by the province of New Brunswick and the US states of Maine , New Hampshire , Vermont , and New York . It also shares maritime borders with Nunavut , Prince Edward Island , and Nova Scotia . Quebec is Canada 's second-most populous province , after Ontario . Most inhabitants live in urban areas near the Saint Lawrence River between Montreal and Quebec City , the capital . Approximately half of Quebec residents live in the Greater Montreal Area , including the Island of Montreal . English-speaking communities and English-language institutions are concentrated in the west of the island of Montreal but are also significantly present in the Outaouais , Eastern Townships , and Gaspé regions . The Nord-du-Québec region , occupying the northern half of the province , is sparsely populated and inhabited primarily by Aboriginal peoples . The climate around the major cities is four-season continental with cold and snowy winters combined with warm to hot humid summers , but further north long winter seasons dominate and as a result the northern areas of the province are marked by tundra conditions . Even in central Quebec at comparatively southerly latitudes winters are severe in inland areas . Quebec independence debates have played a large role in the politics of the province . Parti Québécois governments held referendums on sovereignty in 1980 and 1995 ; both were voted down by voters , the latter defeated by a very narrow margin . In 2006 , the House of Commons of Canada passed a symbolic motion recognizing the `` Québécois as a nation within a united Canada . '' While the province 's substantial natural resources have long been the mainstay of its economy , sectors of the knowledge economy such as aerospace , information and communication technologies , biotechnology , and the pharmaceutical industry also play leading roles . These many industries have all contributed to helping Quebec become an economically influential province within Canada , second only to Ontario in economic output .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "cb00a87db31224a403521a9ed5d33ed1", "text": "Quebec Resolutions The Quebec Resolutions , also known as the seventy-two resolutions , were a group of statements written at the Quebec Conference of 1864 , which laid out the framework for the Canadian Constitution . They were adopted by the majority of the provinces of Canada , and became the basis for the London Conference of 1866 . Some of the major points that were addressed in the resolutions are as follows : Canada will have a strong central government ( federal government ) , the central government is to be responsible for the legislation of peace , order and good government , provinces will have defined powers and will be accountable for handling local affairs and social and cultural issues , the United Province of Canada ( as they called it ) , will be split into Quebec and Ontario , a federal government will be composed of two law making houses . These are just five of the important acts used to construct Canada as it is today .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28973cf02c0673e97719b76352442c75", "text": "Le Granit Regional County Municipality Le Granit ( Granite ) is a regional county municipality in the Estrie region of eastern Quebec , Canada . Located directly south of Quebec City , it borders the region of Chaudière-Appalaches , as well as the US states of New Hampshire and Maine . It is named for its abundance of granite . Created in 1982 , Le Granit 's seat is Lac-Mégantic .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b2c6ee95a1b9355f0e1351ceddad7bdc", "text": "Constitution of Quebec The constitution of Quebec comprises a set of legal rules which fall in either one of the follow categories : The provisions of the Constitution Act , 1867 pertaining to the provinces of Canada in general and Quebec in particular ; The organic laws relative to the distribution of powers of Quebec and the individual rights of persons . These are composed of some fifteen laws , the main ones being An Act respecting the National Assembly , the Executive Power Act , the Election Act , the Referendum Act , the Charter of human rights and freedoms , the Charter of the French language , etc. ; Most of the constitutional conventions concerned with the Crown of Canada , the Executive and the Parliament ; The common law rules on the royal prerogative exercised by the Lieutenant Governor of Quebec ; The case law of the courts of Quebec and the federal courts of Canada ; The Parliament of Quebec has the power to modify certain parts of Quebec 's provincial constitution , while certain other parts can only be modified by going through the process of amending the Constitution of Canada .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "11cbe11de22331e5ba5c1a3c653aff81", "text": "Quebec Group The Quebec Group is a geologic group in Quebec . It preserves fossils dating back to the Silurian period .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0c962320859f73ccfd7a58acd5ad7a1", "text": "Drummond Regional County Municipality Drummond is a regional county municipality in the Centre-du-Québec region of Quebec , Canada . The seat is Drummondville .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d4489a16f4297b986badab6e719c634", "text": "Architecture of Quebec City The architecture of Quebec City is characterized by its being one of North America 's oldest cities , founded in 1608 . The original French settlers in the area built in an architectural style similar to the French style . Quebec City was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1985 , and is the only remaining fortified city north of Mexico . Quebec City has significant pieces of secular architecture , including hundreds of surviving heritage homes which have been built in the particular style of New France . This style is an adaptation to the colder climes of Quebec of ancient 17th - and 18th-century house forms of Normandy and other traditional lands of the North of France . Quebec City has always been a predominantly Roman Catholic city , with many Catholic churches , notably the Notre-Dame de Québec Cathedral , Notre-Dame-des-Victoires Church and the Basilica of Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré in the nearby town of Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c2521fe42607c9875faaa0b92749861b", "text": "Quebec comics Quebec comics ( bande dessinée québécoise -LSB- bɑ̃d dɛ.si.ne ke.be.kwaz -RSB- or BDQ ) are French language comics produced primarily in the Canadian province of Quebec , and read both within and outside of Canada , particularly in French-speaking Europe . In contrast to English language comics in Canada , which largely follow the American model , Quebec comics are mostly influenced by the trends in Franco-Belgian comics . There is little crossover between the French and English comics worlds in Canada .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c5b9f984be6ff83e6123ad06d5523b4", "text": "Province of Quebec (1763–1791) The Province of Quebec was a colony in North America created by Great Britain after the Seven Years ' War . Great Britain acquired French Canada by the Treaty of Paris in which ( after a long debate ) France negotiated to keep the small but very rich sugar island of Guadeloupe instead . By Britain 's Royal Proclamation of 1763 , Canada ( part of New France ) was renamed the Province of Quebec . The new British province extended from the coast of Labrador on the Atlantic Ocean , southwest through the Saint Lawrence River Valley to the Great Lakes and beyond to the confluence of the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers . Portions of its southwest ( below the Great Lakes ) were later ceded to the United States in a later Treaty of Paris ( 1783 ) at the conclusion of the American Revolution .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc9c28f94dd921b1740236db04d600c2", "text": "Mount Royal, Quebec Mount Royal ( officially , Town of Mount Royal , abbreviated TMR ) is an affluent on-island suburban town located on the northwest side of the eponymous Mount Royal , north of Downtown Montreal , on the Island of Montreal in southwestern Quebec , Canada . It is completely surrounded by Montreal . The population was 19,503 as of the Canada 2011 Census . In 2008 , most of the Town of Mount Royal was designated a National Historic Site of Canada , as a '' -LSB- remarkable -RSB- synthesis of urban renewal movements of the early 20th century , reflecting the influence of the City Beautiful , Garden City and Garden Suburb movements '' . The town celebrated its 100th anniversary in 2012 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "67ebdd991a3d7be407e368773deedd51", "text": "History of Quebec Quebec has played a special role in French history ; the modern province occupies much of the land where French settlers founded the colony of Canada ( New France ) in the 17th and 18th centuries . The population is predominantly French-speaking and Roman Catholic , with a large Anglophone minority , augmented in recent years by immigrants from Asia . The political alienation of the Francophones from the Anglophones has been a persistent theme since the late 19th century . Tensions were especially high during the First World War . Historically , British merchants and financiers controlled the economy , and dominated Montreal . The Catholic Church , in close cooperation with the landowners , led a highly traditional social structure in rural and small town Quebec . Much of that changed during the Quiet Revolution of the 1980s . Quebec 's separatists , calling for an independent nation , gained strength , but were narrowly defeated in two referenda . Quebec imposed increasingly stringent laws favouring the French language ; many Anglophones left , as did many of the national and international corporations that had been based in Montreal .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3d54585dcf60ddbae11fb08acd66e1cd", "text": "List of Canadian provinces and territories by population Canada is divided into ten provinces and three territories . The majority of Canada 's population is concentrated in the areas close to the Canada -- US border . Its four largest provinces by area ( Quebec , Ontario , British Columbia and Alberta ) are also ( with Quebec and Ontario switched in order ) its most populous ; together they account for 86 % of the country 's population . The territories ( the Northwest Territories , Nunavut and Yukon ) account for over a third of Canada 's area but are home to only 0.3 % of its population , which skews the national population density value . Canada 's population grew by 5.0 % between the 2006 and 2011 censuses . Except for New Brunswick , all territories and provinces increased in population from 2011 to 2016 . In terms of percent change , the fastest-growing province or territory was Nunavut with an increase of 12.7 % between 2011 and 2016 , followed by Alberta with 11.6 % growth . New Brunswick 's population decreased by 0.5 % between 2011 and 2016 . Canada 's population has increased every year since Confederation in 1867 : see List of population of Canada by years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b6d9e24c53535b8d785f7feb564cfa6a", "text": "Côte-Nord Côte-Nord ( -LSB- kot nɔʁ -RSB- , French for `` North Shore '' , area 247,633.94 km ² ) is the second largest administrative region by land area in Quebec , Canada , after Nord-du-Québec . It covers much of the northern shore of the Saint Lawrence River estuary and the Gulf of Saint Lawrence past Tadoussac . While most of the region is in the same time zone as the rest of Quebec , the far eastern portion east of the 63rd meridian , including half of Anticosti Island , is officially in the Atlantic Time Zone .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "28445d0b7a18010e7c1d05d4d6c20d3a", "text": "Provinces and territories of Canada Canada 's geography is divided into administrative divisions known as provinces and territories that are responsible for delivery of sub-national governance . When Canada was formed in 1867 , three provinces of British North America -- New Brunswick , Nova Scotia and the Province of Canada ( which , on the formation of Canada , was divided into Ontario and Quebec ) -- were united to form a federated colony , which eventually became a sovereign nation in the next century . Over its history , Canada 's international borders have changed several times , and the country has grown from the original four provinces to the current ten provinces and three territories . The ten provinces are Alberta , British Columbia , Manitoba , New Brunswick , Newfoundland and Labrador , Nova Scotia , Ontario , Prince Edward Island , Quebec , and Saskatchewan . Several of the provinces were former British colonies , and Quebec was originally a French colony , while others were added as Canada grew . The three territories are Northwest Territories , Nunavut , and Yukon , which govern the rest of the area of the former British North America . Together , the provinces and territories make up the world 's second-largest country by area . The major difference between a Canadian province and a territory is that provinces receive their power and authority from the Constitution Act , 1867 ( formerly called the British North America Act , 1867 ) , whereas territorial governments have powers delegated to them by the Parliament of Canada . The powers flowing from the Constitution Act are divided between the federal government and the provincial governments to exercise exclusively . A change to the division of powers between the federal government and the provinces requires a constitutional amendment , whereas a similar change affecting the territories can be performed unilaterally by the Parliament of Canada or government . In modern Canadian constitutional theory , the provinces are considered to be co-sovereign divisions and each province has its own `` Crown '' represented by the lieutenant governor . The territories are not sovereign , but simply part of the federal realm , and have a commissioner who represents the federal government . __ TOC __", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6094faf473531702432460faf1b99741", "text": "Old Quebec Old Québec ( Vieux-Québec ) is a historic neighbourhood of Quebec City , Quebec , Canada . Comprising the Upper Town ( Haute-Ville ) and Lower Town ( Basse-Ville ) , the area is a UNESCO World Heritage Site . Administratively , Old Quebec is part of the Vieux-Québec -- Cap-Blanc -- colline Parlementaire district in the borough of La Cité-Limoilou . The area is commonly referred to as `` the Old City '' or `` Québec 's Old City '' in English . It is sometimes referred to as the Latin Quarter ( Quartier latin ) as well , although this title refers more to area around the Séminaire de Québec , the original site of Laval University .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cbc979ae14df34c8e9cac1ebd4998465", "text": "Franco-Newfoundlander Franco-Newfoundlanders , also known as Franco-Terreneuvians in English or Franco-Terreneuviens in French , are francophone and/or French Canadian residents of the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador . The name Franco-Terreneuvian derives from Terre-Neuve , the French name of Newfoundland . The Franco-Newfoundlander community is most prominently associated with the Port au Port area near Stephenville , in communities such as Trois-Cailloux , Cap-Saint-Georges , La Grand ` Terre , L'Anse-aux-Canards and Maisons-d'Hiver . This region is unique as the only area in the province that is officially designated by provincial law as a bilingual district . However , francophone communities are also present throughout the province , particularly in St. John 's , Labrador City and Happy Valley-Goose Bay . Newfoundland and Labrador 's francophone community and its culture derive from a unique mix of influences and immigrants from Quebec , Acadia , St. Pierre and Miquelon , Brittany and the Basque Country , much of it predating Newfoundland 's admission as a Canadian province in 1949 . Some aspects of the community 's unique culture , however , have been lost or threatened as the community became more closely integrated into the mainstream of French Canadian culture and society after 1949 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "098219e38d2ddab724052d0384bee0f0", "text": "Québec solidaire Québec solidaire ( QS ; -LSB- ke.bɛk sɔ.li.daɛ̯ʁ -RSB- ) is a democratic socialist and sovereigntist political party in Quebec , Canada . The party and media outlets in Canada usually use the name `` Québec solidaire '' in both French and English , but the party 's name is sometimes translated as `` Solidarity Quebec '' or `` Quebec Solidarity '' in foreign English-language media .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18f7bf81c6c991165f9143b54e777301", "text": "Quebec beer Quebec beer is the beer brewed in Quebec , Canada , often with ingredients from Quebec itself and generally following the recipes of the French , Belgian and British brewing traditions . Generally , the beers brewed in Quebec differ from those in the rest of North America because of the relative importance of the French and Belgian traditions alongside that of Great Britain . German-type beers are also produced by some breweries .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "24f9bea2baea47a59632426eb4e0341b", "text": "Outaouais Outaouais ( -LSB- utawɛ -RSB- ) ; ( -LSB- uːtəweɪ -RSB- ; also commonly called The Outaouais ) is a region of western Quebec , Canada . It includes the city of Gatineau ( Hull , Aylmer , Gatineau , Masson-Angers , Buckingham ) , the Pontiac region , and the town of Maniwaki , and is located on the north side of the Ottawa River opposite Canada 's capital , Ottawa . It has a land area of 30,760.05 km2 and a 2011 census population of 372,000 inhabitants .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "edc2570f0bfe2ff9b5c7acd6189dc96a", "text": "Census division Census division is an official term in Canada and the United States . The census divisions of Canada are second-level census geographic unit , below provinces and territories , and above `` census subdivisions '' and `` dissemination areas '' . In provinces where they exist , the census division may correspond to a county , a regional municipality or a regional district . In the United States , the Census Bureau divides the country into four census regions and nine census divisions . The bureau also divides counties ( or county equivalents ) into either census county divisions or minor civil division , depending on the state . The American state of Alaska does not include counties , instead being divided into 19 boroughs and 10 census divisions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a0e5a7477af3134b842a24c99ef65877", "text": "List of senators in the 37th Parliament of Canada This is a list of members of the Canadian Senate in the 37th Parliament of Canada . The province of Quebec has 24 Senate divisions which are constitutionally mandated . In all other provinces , a Senate division is strictly an optional designation of the senator 's own choosing , and has no real constitutional or legal standing . A senator who does not choose a special senate division is designated a senator for the province at large . Names in bold indicate senators in the 26th or 27th Canadian Ministry .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "e6671544a202610ca7d0cd9bc00a0733", "text": "Hungary Hungary ( -LSB- ˈhʌŋɡəri -RSB- Magyarország -LSB- ˈmɒɟɒrorsaːɡ -RSB- ) is a unitary parliamentary republic in Central Europe . It covers an area of 93,030 km2 , situated in the Carpathian Basin , and is bordered by Slovakia to the north , Romania to the east , Serbia to the south , Croatia to the southwest , Slovenia to the west , Austria to the northwest , and Ukraine to the northeast . With about 10 million inhabitants , Hungary is a medium-sized member state of the European Union . The official language is Hungarian , which is the most widely spoken non-Indo-European language in Europe . Hungary 's capital and largest metropolis is Budapest , a significant economic hub , classified as a global city . Major urban areas include Debrecen , Szeged , Miskolc , Pécs and Győr . Following centuries of successive habitation by Celts , Romans , Slavs , Gepids and Avars , the foundation of Hungary was laid in the late 9th century by the Hungarian grand prince Árpád in the conquest of the Carpathian Basin . His great-grandson Stephen I ascended to the throne in 1000 , converting the country to a Christian kingdom . By the 12th century , Hungary became a middle power within the Western world , reaching a golden age by the 15th century . Following the Battle of Mohács in 1526 and about 150 years of partial Ottoman occupation ( 1541 -- 1699 ) , Hungary came under Habsburg rule , and later formed the great power Austro -- Hungarian Empire together with Austria . Hungary 's current borders were established in 1920 by the Treaty of Trianon after World War I , when the country lost 71 % of its territory , 58 % of its population , and 32 % of ethnic Hungarians . Following the interwar period , Hungary joined the Axis Powers in World War II , suffering significant damage and casualties . Hungary became a satellite state of the Soviet Union , which contributed to the establishment of a four-decade-long communist dictatorship ( 1947 -- 1989 ) . The country gained widespread international attention regarding the Revolution of 1956 and the seminal opening of its previously-restricted border with Austria in 1989 , which accelerated the collapse of the Eastern Bloc . On 23 October 1989 , Hungary again became a democratic parliamentary republic . In the 21st century , Hungary is a middle power and has the world 's 57th largest economy by nominal GDP , as well as the 58th largest by PPP , out of 188 countries measured by the IMF . As a substantial actor in several industrial and technological sectors , it is both the world 's 36th largest exporter and importer of goods . Hungary is a high-income economy with a very high standard of living . It keeps up a social security and universal health care system , and a tuition-free university education . Hungary performs well in international rankings : it is 20th in quality of life , 25th in inequality-adjusted human development , 32nd in the Social Progress Index , and ranks as the 19th safest country in the world . Hungary joined the European Union in 2004 and has been part of the Schengen Area since 2007 . Hungary is a member of the United Nations , NATO , WTO , World Bank , the AIIB , the Council of Europe and Visegrád Group . Well known for its rich cultural history , Hungary has contributed significantly to arts , music , literature , sports and science and technology . Hungary is the 11th most popular country as a tourist destination in Europe , attracting 14.3 million international tourists in 2015 . It is home to the largest thermal water cave system , the second largest thermal lake in the world , the largest lake in Central Europe , and the largest natural grasslands in Europe .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "5c958feb43222f57a6b060b62312acd1", "text": "Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1301) The Kingdom of Hungary came into existence in Central Europe when Stephen I , Grand Prince of the Hungarians , was crowned king in 1000 or 1001 . He reinforced central authority and forced his subjects to accept Christianity . Although written sources emphasize the role played by German and Italian knights and clerics in the process , a significant part of the Hungarian vocabulary for agriculture , religion and state was taken from Slavic languages . Civil wars and pagan uprisings , along with attempts by the Holy Roman Emperors to expand their authority over Hungary , jeopardized the new monarchy . The monarchy stabilized during the reigns of Ladislaus I ( 1077 -- 1095 ) and Coloman ( 1095 -- 1116 ) . These rulers occupied Croatia and Dalmatia with the support of a part of the local population . Both realms retained their autonomous position . The successors of Ladislaus and Coloman -- especially Béla II ( 1131 -- 1141 ) , Béla III ( 1176 -- 1196 ) , Andrew II ( 1205 -- 1235 ) , and Béla IV ( 1235 -- 1270 ) -- continued this policy of expansion towards the Balkan Peninsula and the lands east of the Carpathian Mountains , transforming their kingdom into one of the major powers of medieval Europe . Rich in uncultivated lands , silver , gold , and salt deposits , Hungary became the preferred destination of mainly German , Italian and French colonists . These immigrants were mostly peasants who settled in villages , but craftsmen and merchants also came . Their arrival had a key role in the shaping of an urban lifestyle , habits and culture in medieval Hungary . The location of the kingdom at the crossroads of international trade routes favored the coexistence of several cultures . Romanesque , Gothic and Renaissance buildings and literary works written in Latin prove the predominantly Roman Catholic character of the culture , but Orthodox , and even non-Christian ethnic minority communities also existed . Latin was the language of legislation , administration and judiciary , but `` linguistic pluralism '' contributed to the survival of many tongues , including a great variety of Slavic dialects . The predominance of royal estates initially assured the sovereign 's preeminent position , but the alienation of royal lands gave rise to the emergence of a self-conscious group of lesser landholders , known as `` royal servants '' . They forced Andrew II to issue his Golden Bull of 1222 , `` one of first examples of constitutional limits being placed on the powers of a European monarch '' ( Francis Fukuyama ) . The kingdom received a major blow from the Mongol invasion of 1241 -- 42 . Thereafter , Cuman and Jassic groups settled in the central lowlands , and colonists arrived from Moravia , Poland and other nearby countries . The erection of fortresses by landlords , promoted by the monarchs after the withdrawal of the Mongols , led to the development of semi-autonomous `` provinces '' dominated by powerful magnates . Some of these magnates even challenged the authority of Andrew III ( 1290 -- 1301 ) , the last male descendant of the native Árpád dynasty . His death was followed by a period of interregnum and anarchy . Central power was re-established only in the early 1320s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "69f1e40858e262e507ce5aa04382e0fa", "text": "Historical regions of Romania The historical regions of Romania are located in Southeastern Europe . Romania came into being through the unification of two principalities , Wallachia and Moldavia in 1862 . The new unitary state extended over further regions at various times during the late 19th and 20th centuries , including Dobruja in 1878 , and Transylvania in 1918 . That are part of Romania today : Wallachia : Muntenia ( Greater Wallachia ) : part of Wallachia ( which united with Moldavia in 1859 to create modern Romania ) ; Oltenia ( Lesser Wallachia ) : the territory between the rivers Danube and Olt and the Southern Carpathian became part of the Principality of Wallachia in the early 14th century . Moldavia : Western Moldavia : part of Moldavia ( which united with Wallachia in 1859 to create modern Romania ) ; Bukovina : in Romania between 1918 and World War II , today divided between Romania and Ukraine ; Dobruja : Northern Dobruja : in Romania since 1878 ( excepting some Danubian islands and the Snake Island which were incorporated in the USSR in 1948 , and became part of Ukraine since 1991 ) ; Wallachia , western Moldavia , and Dobruja are sometimes referred collectively as the Regat ( The Kingdom ) , as they formed the Romanian `` Old '' Kingdom before World War I. Transylvania ( the term sometimes encompasses not only Transylvania proper , but also the historical regions of Crișana , Maramureș , and Romanian part of Banat . The final border arrangement were set by the Treaty of Trianon in 1920 ) : Transylvania proper : following the declaration of the union with Romania in 1918 ; Banat : since 1918 divided between Romania , Serbia and Hungary ; Crișana : the region bordered by the rivers Mureș and Someș and the Apuseni Mountains became part of Romania in 1918 . Maramureș : the mountainous northwestern region became part of Romania in 1918 . Transylvania is divided into several ethnographic regions . That were part of Romania in the past : Bessarabia : The region was part of Romania from 1918 to 1940 when it got occupied by the Soviets . Romania managed to annex it again , but lost it after World War 2 . Northern Bukovina : The region was part of Romania from 1918 to 1940 when it got occupied by the Soviets . Romania managed to annex it again , but lost it after World War 2 . Hertza region : Was part of Romania from 1859 to 1940 . Romania managed to annex it again , but lost it after the Second World War . Southern Dobruja : Was annexed from Bulgaria in 1913 , after the Second Balkan War . It became Bulgarian again after 1940 . Transnistria Governorate : It was part of Romania from 1941 to 1944 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f9f29a6b40c90b9882d601069237c154", "text": "Pentapolitana Pentapolitana ( or rarely Pentapolis ) was a league of towns in the Middle Ages of the five most important Hungarian royal free cities ( Latin : libera regiae civitas , Hungarian : szabad királyi város , German : Königliche Freistadt ; Slovak : slobodné kráľovské mesto ) of the Kingdom of Hungary ; Kassa ( today Košice ) , Bártfa ( Bardejov ) , Lőcse ( Levoča ) , Eperjes ( Prešov ) , and Kisszeben ( Sabinov ) . The cities are currently in eastern Slovakia . The first meeting of the representatives of the towns in question took place in 1412 . The actual alliance arose between 1440 and 1445 . The main role of the Pentapolitana was to control and to develop trade as there were important ancient trade routes in the region of the north-eastern part of the Kingdom of Hungary , present-day eastern Slovakia . The leading town of the Pentapolitana was Košice . In 1549 , i.e. during the Reformation period , the Pentapolitana created its own Lutheran confession , the Confessio Pentapolitana . Category : Slovakia in the Kingdom of Hungary Category : Medieval Slovakia", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6810a90f9f43acd53a024653d074bd4b", "text": "Gesta Hungarorum Gesta Hungarorum may also refer to Gesta Hunnorum et Hungarorum , written by Simon of Kéza . Gesta Hungarorum , or The Deeds of the Hungarians , is the first extant Hungarian chronicle . It was written by an unidentified author who has traditionally been called Anonymus in scholarly works . According to most historians , the work was completed between around 1200 and 1230 . The Gesta exists in a sole manuscript from the second part of the 13th century , which was for centuries held in Vienna . It is part of the collection of Széchényi National Library in Budapest . The principal subject of the Gesta is the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin at the turn of the 9th and 10th centuries , and it also writes of the origin of the Hungarians , identifying the Hungarians ' ancestors with the ancient Scythians . Many of its sources -- including the Bible , Isidore of Seville 's Etymologiae , the 7th-century Exordia Scythica , the late 9th-century Regino of Prüm 's Chronicon , and early medieval romances of Alexander the Great -- have been identified by scholars , and Anonymus also utilized folk songs and ballads when writing his work . He also knew a version of the late 11th-century `` Hungarian Chronicle '' the text of which has partially been preserved in his work and in later chronicles , but his narration of the Hungarian Conquest differs from the version provided by the other chronicles . Anonymus did not mention the opponents of the conquering Hungarians known from sources written around 900 , but he wrote of the Hungarians ' fight against rulers unknown from other sources . According to a scholarly theory , he used place names when naming the opponents of the Hungarians .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6fcdc77a786a7ce44d3d1291bc8012d7", "text": "Castles and Fortresses of Western Ukraine (Book) The book Castles and Fortresses of Western Ukraine was written by a Lviv historian Orestes Matsyuk , who spent more than 30 years of his life studying the castles and fortress of Ukraine . His aim when writing the novel was to make a complete brochure of all of Ukraine 's ancient castles . He recorded more than 5000 objects when making the book . The system of his work was to identify the news writes up of the archival building and printed sources , the gathering of old plans , photos , drawings , the installations of expeditionary field survey of current state of photographic images sights , which produces graphic reconstructions of monuments and prepared the printed catalogue . The purpose of this popular book is to serve as a guidebook into history for tourists , lovers and collectors of antiques . It contains all the necessary information about the tourist attractions which are arranged in accordance with the proposed seven bus routes which covered Ivano-Frankivsk , Ternopil , Lviv , regions and other small areas that is adjacent to ( Dubno , Ostrog , Kamenetz-Podolsk , Hawtin ) , where one can visit . The interested reader can get acquainted with the famous monasteries , castles , churches , cathedrals and our ancient monuments . Page one of this book contains the mapping scheme of each route . The book is richly described with hundreds of unique black and white pictures ( the photograph are commonly old destroyed buildings ) and the images of reconstructed monuments . The best quality of image is used , which is only possible with an offset printing on plain paper . They are lists of recommended books , name and geographical indexes at the end of the book , which makes it a lot easier to navigate through the content . One of the most intriguing slogans of the western Ukrainian fortress and castles stated that , `` it is impossible to be successful in the future with a clean slate in the past '' . The ancient castles had guardians of our history which were subjected to human impact and natural changes . Most of these castles and fortresses are still in good condition , while some are also ruin . There are around 20 functional monuments structure of kievan Rus and about 5000 castles . All the fortress and castle in Ukraine kept the legendary and romantics stories , detailed information about the beautiful princess , Cossacks , knights , magnates and the fingerprints culture of Poland , Russia Lithuania , Austria-Hungary , and Turkey `` movies stars '' , movies directors and producers were also retained .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a7465e2bee2e18d48a16da20163928ea", "text": "Roman heritage in Serbia The territory of what is today the Republic of Serbia was under Roman ( and later Byzantine ) rule for about 600 years , from the 1st century BC until the Slavic invasions of the 6th century . It was administratively divided into Moesia ( later Moesia Superior , corresponding to Serbia proper , Pannonia ( later Pannonia Inferior ) and Dardania ( corresponding to eastern and western Serbia proper , respectively ) ) . The Danube River influenced the extension of the Roman Empire , and its confluents , such as Sava and Morava , affected the growth of frontier fortresses and towns , whose remains present the extent of the Roman Empire with architecture that presents the crown of Roman culture . Many authors and explorers wrote about traces of the Roman Empire on the Danube coast . One of the localities , Felix Romuliana , was ranked on the list of cultural heritage of UNESCO in July 2007 . The location has been invaded by many peoples over the centuries . The northern Serbian city of Sirmium ( Sremska Mitrovica ) was among the top 4 cities of the late Roman Empire , serving as its capital during the Tetrarchy . Contemporary Serbia comprises the classical regions of Moesia , Pannonia , parts of Dalmatia , Dacia and Macedonia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "226ce952878ae976abd2cb4a71c3af55", "text": "Hungarian National Party (Czechoslovakia) Hungarian National Party ( Magyar Nemzeti Párt , MNP , Maďarská národní strana , Maďarská národná strana ) was one of political parties of ethnic Hungarians in the First Republic of Czechoslovakia . The party was founded in February 1920 in Komárno as party of smallholders , under name Országos Magyar Kisgazda és Földműves Párt . From May 1925 it used name Országos Magyar Kisgazda , Földműves és Kisiparos Párt often abbreviated as Magyar Kisgazda Párt ( Hungarian Party of Smallholders ) . In 1925 the name was changed to Magyar Nemzeti Párt . On June 21 , 1936 the party merged with Országos Keresztényszocialista Párt ( OKSZP , Provincial Christian-Socialist Party ) , another large Hungarian party into Egyesült Magyar Párt ( EMP , United Hungarian Party ) led by János Esterházy as national executive chairman ( until then leader of OKSZP ) and Andor Jaross as national chairman . The main objective of the party was initially an autonomy for ethnically Hungarian parts in Slovakia . This stance was later revised , and the party advocated a revision of the Trianon Treaty . In the economic sphere , the party advocated free market and called for government support for smallholders and peasants . After establishment of Slovak State ( 1939 ) which had about 65,000 ethnic Hungarians the party ( under name Szlovenskói Magyar Párt , Hungarian Party in Slovakia ) remained as one of few allowed political parties ( the others being Hlinka 's Slovak People 's Party and Deutsche Partei of ethnic Germans in Slovakia ) . During Slovak National Uprising ( 1944 ) the party was banned on the area controlled by insurgents . The ban was reconfirmed after the end of World War II .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c45d2e2382617ccd739e67f89f2e0d55", "text": "Spring Campaign The Spring Campaign ( tavaszi hadjárat ) , named also the Glorious Spring Campaign ( dicsőséges tavaszi hadjárat ) is the military campaign of the Hungarian Revolutionary Army against the forces of the Habsburg Empire in Middle and Western Hungary during the Hungarian Revolution of 1848 between 2 April and 21 May 1849 , which resulted in the liberation of almost the whole territory of Hungary from the Habsburg forces . The spring campaign 's commander-in-chief was General Artúr Görgey , whose army ( 47 500 men , 198 cannons ) defeated the numerically , technologically and tactically superior ( 55 000 soldiers and 214 cannons and rockets ) imperial armies led by Alfred I , Prince of Windisch-Grätz and after his dismiss , Ludwig von Welden , in a series of victories . The Hungarians won the battles of Hatvan ( 2d of April ) , Tápióbicske ( 4th of April ) , Isaszeg ( 6th of April ) , Vác ( 10th of April ) , Nagysalló ( 19th of April ) , in 26 April relieved the fortress of Komárom from a long Austrian siege , than at 21 May 1849 liberated the Castle of Buda , concluding the Spring Campaign . On the other theaters of operations , the Hungarians also scored victories against the enemies of the revolution . In Transylvania , the Hungarian army led by Józef Bem , after the victory against the Austro-Russian forces in the Battle of Nagyszeben , liberated most of the provinces territory ( excepting the fortresses of Gyulafehérvár , Déva , with imperial garrison and the Erdélyi-középhegység mountains , held by the Romanian insurgents ) . In southern Hungary the Hungarians led by Mór Perczel and Józef Bem defeated the Serbian insurgents and Austrian troops , liberating the provinces of Bácska and Bánság , except the fortress of Temesvár and Titel . In southern Dunántúl , the popular uprising led by Gáspár Noszlopy , also led to the liberation of this region from imperial occupation . During the Spring Campaign , the Hungarians liberated much of their country from the Habsburg rule . The Habsburg armies and their allies , besides the fortresses and mountains mentioned above , remained only in the Westernmost territory strip of Hungary , Croatia and the fortress of Arad . Also the result of the victories of the Spring Campaign was the Hungarian Declaration of Independence on 14th of April 1849 , resulting the Hungarian total independence for some months before the Russian intervention brought the defeat , in the Summer Campaign of the Hungarian revolution and liberty .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0d5efa25b57423079e331a0dd43f5807", "text": "Hungarian campaign of 1527–1528 The Hungarian campaign of 1527 -- 1528 was launched by Ferdinand I , Archduke of Austria and King of Hungary and Bohemia against the Ottoman Turks . Following the Battle of Mohács , the Ottomans were forced to withdraw as events elsewhere in their now massive Empire required the Sultan 's attention . Seizing upon their absence , Ferdinand I attempted to enforce his claim as King of Hungary . In 1527 he drove back the Ottoman vassal John Zápolya and captured Buda , Győr , Komárno , Esztergom , and Székesfehérvár by 1528 . Meanwhile , the Ottoman Sultan , Suleiman the Magnificent , took no action at this stage despite the pleas of his vassal .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9df2a906a5bc6560c2d5ba287b70feea", "text": "Magyar Cserkészszövetség Magyar Cserkészszövetség ( Hungarian Scout Association ) , the primary national Scouting organization of Hungary , was founded in 1912 , and became a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1922 and again after the rebirth of Scouting in the country in 1990 . The coeducational Magyar Cserkészszövetség had 8,145 members in 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8af07ce7d7957afa4d7604bc9b61a830", "text": "Prykarpattia Prykarpattia ( Пpикapпaття literally means `` Ciscarpathia '' ) is the Ukrainian geographical term for the Subcarpathian historical region of Central Europe , at the foot of the Carpathian mountains , in modern Ukraine , consisting of today 's Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast ( Івано-Франківська область , translit . Ivano-Frankivs ' ka oblast ' ) . It forms part of the larger historic region of Galicia , was the main body of the historic region of eastern Halychyna ; which in the 13th century was a part of the Kingdom of Rus and the Halych-Volyn Principality ( see Kingdom of Galicia -- Volhynia ) . Along with the Lviv and Ternopil regions Prykarpattia is a component of the Carpathian Euroregion .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "05050753a201615cf8ee5d658a0d5b5b", "text": "Kiskunság Kiskunság ( Cumania Minor ) is a historical and geographical region in Hungary situated in the current between Kalocsa and Szeged . Its territory is 2,423 km ² . Like other historical European regions called Cumania , it is named for the Cumans , a historically very significant nomadic tribe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c7d6024c130e7da1f0b8113811921dea", "text": "Győr County Győr county ( in Hungarian : Győr ( vár ) megye ) was an administrative county ( comitatus ) of the Kingdom of Hungary , it 's territory covered present-day north-western Hungary ( 95 % ) and south-western Slovakia ( about 5 % ) , mostly on the right ( south ) side of the Danube river . The capital of the county was the city of Győr .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2f27a2716b88ce3b69b58c11311a76f5", "text": "Imre Mikó Count Imre Mikó de Hidvég ( 4 September 1805 -- 16 September 1876 ) was a Hungarian statesman , politician , economist , historian and patron from Transylvania , who served as Minister of Public Works and Transport between 1867 and 1870 . He was one of the liberal-oriented , prominent figures of the politics of Transylvania in the 19th century . He functioned as Governor of Transylvania twice ( 1848 and 1860 -- 1861 ) . He worked tirelessly for the rise of his home in economic , cultural and scientific areas , earning the honorary title of `` Széchenyi of Transylvania '' . He started his political career as an official of the Gubernium ( the Government of Transylvania ) in 1826 , and reached the position of Treasurer in 1847 , at the same time he became a leading figure of the liberal opposition in Transylvania . He was appointed interim then actual Governor during the Hungarian Revolution of 1848 . He presided the Székely National Assembly in Agyagfalva ( today : Lutița , Romania ) , which supported the Hungarian War of Independence . After defeat of the uprising , he retired from the politics for a time as a follower of the Passive Resistance . He only devoted his life for the ascension of the economical and cultural life of Transylvania until the 1860s . He participated in the foundations of Transylvanian Economical Association ( 1854 ) and Transylvanian Museum Society ( 1859 ) . Besides these he had also important role in the establishment of the Franz Joseph University at Kolozsvár ( today : Cluj-Napoca , Romania ) in 1872 . He sponsored the National Theatre of Kolozsvár , encouraged the emergence of modern education and agriculture and actively took part in the cases of Calvinist Diocese of Transylvania . He edited and published the three volumes of Erdélyi történelmi adatok ( `` Historical data handbook of Transylvania '' ) , with this he created an essential forum of the Transylvanian historiography as an organizer of science , but he himself also wrote historical studies . He politicized since the 1860s again , firstly as Governor of Transylvania , later as Member of Parliament for Kolozsvár in the National Assembly of 1865 . He served as Minister of Public Works and Transport in the Cabinet of Gyula Andrássy , the first government of Hungary after the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 . He was associated with the construction of railway between Hungary and Transylvania , as well as the foundation of the state railway company , the predecessor of today 's Hungarian State Railways ( Magyar Államvasutak -- MÁV ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d0ab00d9f03098f15f378b21b0a27492", "text": "Árpád Árpád ( -LSB- ˈaːrpaːd -RSB- ; 845 -- 907 ) was the head of the confederation of the Hungarian tribes at the turn of the 9th and 10th centuries . He might have been either the sacred ruler or kende of the Hungarians , or their military leader or gyula , although most details of his life are debated by historians , because different sources contain contradictory information . Despite this , many Hungarians refer to him as the `` founder of our country '' , and Árpád 's preeminent role in the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin has been emphasized by some later chronicles . The dynasty descending from Árpád ruled the Kingdom of Hungary until 1301 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "21f35afaf1a99f992c0ebe839cf0b8c4", "text": "Divisions of the Carpathians Divisions of the Carpathians are categorization of the Carpathian mountains system . Below is a detailed overview of the major subdivisions and ranges of the Carpathian Mountains . The Carpathians are a `` subsystem '' of a bigger Alps-Himalaya System that stretches from the western Europe all the way to southern Asia , and are further divided into `` provinces '' and `` subprovinces '' . The last level of the division , i.e. the actual mountain ranges and basins , is usually classified as `` units '' . The main divisions are shown in the map on the right . To generalize , there are three major provinces ( regions ) : Western Carpathians , Eastern Carpathians , and Southern Carpathians .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "fa96ab8076376644e06307f8c371184f", "text": "History of the Hungarian language Hungarian is a Uralic language of the Ugric group . It has been spoken in the region of modern-day Hungary since the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin in the late 9th century . The predecessor language of Hungarian separated from the Ob-Ugric languages , probably still during the Bronze Age . There is no attestation for a period of close to two millennia . Old Hungarian is attested fragmentarily in epigraphy in the Old Hungarian script beginning in the 10th century , and isolated Hungarian words are attested in manuscript tradition from the turn of the 11th century . The oldest surviving coherent text in Old Hungarian is the Funeral Sermon and Prayer , dated to 1192 . The Old Hungarian period is by convention taken to cover Medieval Hungary , from the invasion of Pannonia in AD 896 , to the collapse of the Kingdom of Hungary following the Battle of Mohács of 1526 . A Middle Hungarian phase is by convention taken to last from 1526 to 1772 , i.e. from the first books printed in Hungarian to the Age of Enlightenment , which prompted language reforms that resulted in the modern literary Hungarian language . Historic proceedings The happenings of the 1530s and 1540s brought a new situation to the country : the time of Humanism -- which only a few decades earlier , under Matthias of Hungary flourished -- was over ; the population , both in villages and towns , was terrorized by Ottoman raids ; the majority of the country was lost ; and the remainder began to feel the problems of the new Habsburg rule . This predicament caused backwardness in the cultural life as well . However , Hungary , with the previously listed great territorial and human losses , soon entered into a new cultural era , the Protestant Reformation . This religious movement heartened many authors to find new ways . Cultural life was primarily based in Trasylvania , but Royal Hungary also saw the rebirth of the Hungarian culture . The first printed Hungarian book was printed in Cracow , Poland , in 1533 . It is a partial Bible-translation , containing the letters of Saint Paul . The translation was done by Benedek Komjáti . The New Testament 's first printed edition was published by János Sylvester ( 1541 ) . He also composed the first scientific analysis of the Hungarian language , in 1539 -- his work 's title is `` Grammatica Hungarolatina '' . Like Komjáti , Sylvester printed his works in Cracow . The previous publications , however , were not Protestant in their sense ; the first directly reformed Hungarian book was Imre Ozorai 's `` Argument '' , published in Cracow first in 1535 and second in 1546 . Among other works , Aesop 's Fables -- a collection of moral short stories -- were first translated into Hungarian by Gábor Pesti -LSB- 1 -RSB- ( 1536 ) . These are the first denoted Hungarian short stories . The first attempt to standardize Hungarian was done by Mátyás Bíró Dévai . He proposed a logical and feasible orthography to the language . His book , called `` Orthographia '' , is known from its second edition , printed in 1549 . Bálint Balassa", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cbf15a1082372db4a59f7331f6f5c595", "text": "Szabolcs (name) Szabolcs -LSB- IPA | ˈsɒbolʧ -RSB- is an ancient Hungarian name , probably of Hungarian or Hunnic origin . It is not known where the name derives from . The name is still very popular , its namesday is July 28 . Szabolcs was also the name of one of the leaders of the Magyars , the nephew of Árpád . He is also said to have been the second great leader of the Magyars . His power center was the now unimportant village Szabolcs , where earthen ramparts from this age have been excavated . His people settled in the area known as Szabolcs county . Some of the oldest attestations of the name are to be found in the founding charter of the Dömös abbey ( A dömösi prépostság adománylevele ) ( 1138/1329 ) : sobolci and in Anonymus ' Gesta Hungarorum : zobolchu ( 12th/13th century ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c788a98af969cb8f6a61459072168c63", "text": "Czech lands The Czech lands or the Bohemian lands ( České země ) are the three historical regions of Bohemia , Moravia , and Czech Silesia . Together the three have formed the Czech Republic since 1 January 1993 . In a historical context , Czech texts use the term to refer to any territory ruled by the Kings of Bohemia , i.e. , the lands of the Bohemian Crown ( země Koruny české ) as established by Emperor Charles IV in the 14th century . This would include territories like the Lusatias ( which in 1635 fell to Saxony ) and the whole of Silesia , all ruled from Prague Castle at that time . After the conquest of Silesia by the Prussian king Frederick the Great in 1742 , the remaining lands of the Bohemian Crown -- Bohemia , Moravia and Austrian Silesia -- have been more or less co-extensive with the territory of the modern-day Czech Republic .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0b33c8f91af82ae3c2732ab5c9a1da35", "text": "Hydrology of Hungary The hydrology of Hungary is mostly determined by Hungary 's lying in the middle of the Carpathian Basin , half surrounded by the Carpathian Mountains . All parts of the country have some outflow . All surface water gravitates towards its southern centre , and from there , is united in the Danube , which flows into the Black Sea . The whole of Hungary lies within the Danube drainage basin . The total length of all the irrigation systems and inland waterways in the country is about 26000 km . The annual water balance of the country shows a surplus . Yearly about 100 km3 of water leaves the country towards the Black Sea . From that , precipitation amounts for only 10 % , the rest being provided by the incoming rivers of surrounding countries .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "ad554c24cfffe960451bcc5954c5076f", "text": "Ethiopia Ethiopia ( -LSB- ˌiːθiˈoʊpiə -RSB- ኢትዮጵያ , , ) , officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia ( የኢትዮጵያ ፌዴራላዊ ዲሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ , yeʾĪtiyoṗṗya Fēdēralawī Dēmokirasīyawī Rīpebilīk ) , is a country located in the Horn of Africa . It shares borders with Eritrea to the north and northeast , Djibouti and Somalia to the east , Sudan and South Sudan to the west , and Kenya to the south . With over 100 million inhabitants , Ethiopia is the most populous landlocked country in the world , as well as the second-most populous nation on the African continent after Nigeria . It occupies a total area of 1,100,000 km2 , and its capital and largest city is Addis Ababa . Some of the oldest evidence for anatomically modern humans has been found in Ethiopia . It is widely considered as the region from which modern humans first set out for the Middle East and places beyond . According to linguists , the first Afroasiatic-speaking populations settled in the Horn region during the ensuing Neolithic era . Tracing its roots to the 2nd millennium BC , Ethiopia was a monarchy for most of its history . During the first centuries AD , the Kingdom of Aksum maintained a unified civilization in the region , followed by the Ethiopian Empire circa 1137 . Ethiopia derived prestige with its uniquely successful military resistance during the late 19th-century Scramble for Africa , becoming the only African country to defeat a European colonial power and retain its sovereignty . Subsequently , many African nations adopted the colors of Ethiopia 's flag following their independence . It was the first independent African member of the 20th-century League of Nations and the United Nations . In 1974 , at the end of Haile Selassie 's reign , power fell to a communist military dictatorship known as the Derg , backed by the Soviet Union , until it was defeated by the Ethiopian People 's Revolutionary Democratic Front , which has ruled since about the time of the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 . Ethiopia 's ancient Ge'ez script , also known as Ethiopic , is one of the oldest alphabets still in use in the world . The Ethiopian calendar , which is approximately seven years and three months behind the Gregorian calendar , co-exists alongside the Borana calendar . A majority of the population adheres to Christianity ( mainly the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church and P'ent ` ay ) , while around a third follows Islam ( primarily Sunni Islam ) . The country is the site of the Migration to Abyssinia and the oldest Muslim settlement in Africa at Negash . A substantial population of Ethiopian Jews , known as Bete Israel , resided in Ethiopia until the 1980s , but most of them have since emigrated to Israel . Ethiopia is a multilingual nation with around 80 ethnolinguistic groups , the four largest of which are the Oromiffa , Amhara , Somali , and Tigrayans . Most people in the country speak Afroasiatic languages of the Cushitic or Semitic branches . Additionally , Omotic languages are spoken by ethnic minority groups inhabiting the southern regions . Nilo-Saharan languages are also spoken by the nation 's Nilotic ethnic minorities . Ethiopia is the place of origin for the coffee bean which originated from the place called Kefa ( which was one of the 14 provinces in the old Ethiopian administration ) . It is a land of natural contrasts , with its vast fertile West , jungles , and numerous rivers , and the world 's hottest settlement of Dallol in its north . The Ethiopian Highlands are Africa 's largest continuous mountain ranges , and Sof Omar Caves contain Africa 's largest cave . Ethiopia has the most UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Africa . Ethiopia is one of the founding members of the UN , the Group of 24 ( G-24 ) , the Non-Aligned Movement , G-77 and the Organisation of African Unity . Ethiopia 's capital city Addis Ababa serves as the headquarters of the African Union , the Pan African Chamber of Commerce and Industry , the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa , African Aviation Training HQ , the African Standby Force , and many of the global NGOs focused on Africa . In the 1970s and 1980s , Ethiopia suffered from civil wars and communist purges which devastated its economy . The country has begun to recover recently however , and now has the largest economy ( by GDP ) in East Africa and Central Africa . According to Global Fire Power , Ethiopia has the 42nd most powerful military in the world , and the third most powerful in Africa .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "d776ecb46263f82d44a5964cd547b5ba", "text": "Lake Bario Lake Bario is one of a chain of lakes into which the Awash River empties its waters . It is located at the eastern end of the Afar Region of Ethiopia , at . Lake Bario lies in the middle of a swamp , through which it receives its inflow from Lake Afambo to the northeast . Its outflow is on its southern side , which circles around Mount Dama Ali to empty into Lake Abbe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a13defd949ee7d6f729fd15723c2546b", "text": "People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia The People 's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia ( PDRE ) was the official name of Ethiopia from 1987 to 1991 , as established by the Communist government of Mengistu Haile Mariam and the Workers ' Party of Ethiopia ( WPE ) . Its creation led to the dissolution of the Derg , the military junta formerly in charge of the country . A Marxist-Leninist one-party state with the WPE as supreme authority took its place , though the WPE 's leadership was dominated by the surviving members of the Derg . After five years of preparation , a socialist state was officially proclaimed in 1984 , and the WPE was formed as the country 's only legal party . It was a Marxist-Leninist vanguard party modeled on its counterparts in Europe . The PDRE officially came into existence on 22 February 1987 , three weeks after the national referendum that approved the 1987 constitution , although the Derg remained in power as late as September , long after the 14 June general election that elected the members of the National Shengo ( the legislature ) . The WPE was officially granted a monopoly of power as the `` leading force in the state and society . '' The government was highly centralized and for all intents and purposes acted as merely a transmission belt for the party . Throughout the PDRE 's brief life , its authority was challenged not only by armed militants in Eritrea , which had been annexed to Ethiopia several decades earlier , but also by internal resistance groups , foremost of which was the Tigrayan Peoples ' Liberation Front . The PDRE came to an end in May 1991 , when Mengistu fled Ethiopia and military units of the Ethiopian People 's Revolutionary Democratic Front entered Addis Ababa .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "27cf620b73eea78f5ea18d3c1107f116", "text": "Welayta people Wolayta ( also spelled Wolaitta ) ( Ethiopic : ወላይታ Wolaytta ) is the name of an ethnic group and its former kingdom , located in southern Ethiopia . According to the most recent census ( 2007 ) , the people of Wolayta number 1.7 million , or 2.31 percent of the country 's population , of whom 289,707 are city-dwellers . The language of the Wolayta people , similarly called Wolaytta , belongs to the Omotic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family . Despite their small population , Wolayta people have widely influenced national music , dance and cuisine in Ethiopia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5c9b2968c98167cba6a466800ceab7b5", "text": "Water conflict between Ethiopia and Kenya The water conflict between Ethiopia and Kenya is a development dispute due to the receding water resource along the border between Ethiopia and Kenya .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ebbc23aa2ff1a869e12674230bb61ae3", "text": "Lake Langano Langano ( Amharic : ላንጋኖ ) is a lake in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia , exactly 200 kilometers by road south of the capital , Addis Ababa , on the border between the Misraq Shewa and Arsi Zones . The first European to record its existence , Oscar Neumann , records that it was also known as `` Lake Kore '' . It is located to the east of Lake Abijatta in the Main Ethiopian Rift at an elevation of 1,585 meters .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ad098bcb47c93ff91861b7f764fed759", "text": "Sagan, Ethiopia Sagan is a town in southern Ethiopia . Located in the Southern Nations , Nationalities , and Peoples Region , this town has a latitude and longitude of with an elevation of 1066 meters above sea level . It is named after the nearby Sagan River , a tributary of the Weito . An elementary school building was constructed in Sagan with assistance from Sweden through ESBU . The school was opened in 1966", "title": "" }, { "docid": "113b3aac6c1602075b8a51534c77c683", "text": "2013 in Ethiopia", "title": "" }, { "docid": "823680a0289964f9e1f243abc345c98f", "text": "Ethiopia–Serbia relations Ethiopia -- Serbia relations are bilateral ties between Ethiopia and Serbia . Since the time of former Yugoslavia , relations between the two nations have been warm . Both Ethiopia and Serbia are majority Orthodox Christian nations . Ethiopia is one of Serbia 's strongest advocates in Africa when it comes to their position on the recognition of Kosovo .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "17b5e2a3f87044f03cc31177ea8b468b", "text": "Harenna Forest The Harenna Forest is located in a region of the Bale Mountains , in the Oromia Region of southeastern Ethiopia . It is one of the few remaining natural forests in the country .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8d6ee4712d39c6e3d7ecc3a28db67c43", "text": "Lake Basaka Lake Basaka ( Basaka Hayk in Amharic ) is a shallow , saline lake in the Oromia Region of central Ethiopia . It is located in the Great Rift Valley about 200 km south east of the capital Addis Ababa . The lake is at an elevation of 950 m.", "title": "" }, { "docid": "89667fda890cadbc24a132d89a9b1e98", "text": "Geography of Botswana Botswana is a landlocked country located in Southern Africa , north of South Africa . Botswana occupies an area of 581730 km2 , of which 566730 km2 are land . Botswana has land boundaries of combined length 4347.15 km , of which the constituent boundaries are shared with Namibia , for 1544 km ; South Africa 1969 km ; Zimbabwe , 834 km and Zambia , 0.15 km . Much of the population of Botswana is concentrated in the eastern part of the country . Sunshine totals are high all year round although winter is the sunniest period . The whole country is windy and dusty during the dry season .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ee612372966f90eec3384b970bbfd75", "text": "Ethiopian movement The Ethiopian Movement is a religious movement that began in southern Africa towards the end of the 19th century , when two groups broke away from the Anglican and Methodist churches . One of the main reasons for breaking away was that the parent denominations were perceived to be too much under white control , with not enough scope being given to African leadership . The Ethiopian movement was based on their interpretation of a Biblical passage ( Psalm 68:31 ) : `` Ethiopia shall soon stretch forth its hands unto God '' ( in the original Hebrew , actually כוש Cush ) . The term was later given a much wider interpretation by Bengt Sundkler , whose book Bantu prophets in South Africa was the first comprehensive study of African Independent Churches ( AICs ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "57535036947e994ca7e2ed804b91d156", "text": "Hadar, Ethiopia Hadar ( also spelled Adda Da'ar ; Afar `` treaty -LSB- ahdi -RSB- stream -LSB- d'ar -RSB- '' ) is a village in Ethiopia , on the southern edge of the Afar Triangle . The village is known for the nearby archaeological digs which have yielded some well-known hominin fossils . According to Jon Kalb , early maps show caravan routes passing within 10 or 15 kilometers of Hadar but not through it . The British explorer L.M. Nesbitt passed 15 kilometres west of Hadar in 1928 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65cd1a5b23cf1bfdf0b20e700585425a", "text": "Alem Tena Alem Tena is the town in central Ethiopia . It is the administrative center of Bora woreda . Located in the Misraq Shewa Zone of the Oromia Region , it has a latitude and longitude of with an elevation of 1,611 meters .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "53ac5ded3456649ddb2f386be610d3e0", "text": "Catholic Church in Ethiopia The Catholic Church in Ethiopia is part of the worldwide Catholic Church , under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome . The Oriental Ethiopian Catholic Church , the primary organization of Catholicism in the country , is especially close to the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church , whose doctrine and liturgical tradition it shares . While separated by their understanding of the primacy of the Bishop of Rome , the Ethiopian Catholic and Orthodox Churches have basically the same sacraments and liturgy . As of 2010 , there were 610,714 members of the Ethiopian Catholic Church . There are also a small number of Latin-Rite Catholics in the country , primarily Italian Ethiopians .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "88c84f5e4052152de4a4c9df17ffb89c", "text": "Gewane Gewane is a town in north-eastern Ethiopia . Located in Administrative Zone 3 of the Afar Region , it has an elevation of 618 meters above sea level . Gewane is locally known as New Gewane , 2 kilometers east of the original settlement known as Old Gewane ; the town was relocated astride the main , all-weather highway . It is the administrative center of Gewane woreda .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c085e39abf9a6abf8f21927a5715dc8f", "text": "Politics of Ethiopia The politics of Ethiopia arise from the way the government of Ethiopia is structured as well as socioeconomic factors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5448dd67e06269357a39b09d27ecdf59", "text": "List of companies based in Eritrea Eritrea , officially the State of Eritrea , is a country in the Horn of Africa . The economy of Eritrea has experienced considerable growth in recent years , indicated by an improvement in Gross domestic product ( GDP ) in October 2012 of 7.5 percent over 2011 . However , worker remittances from abroad are estimated to account for 32 percent of gross domestic product . Eritrea has an extensive amount of resources such as copper , gold , granite , marble , and potash . The Eritrean economy has undergone extreme changes due to the War of Independence . In 2011 , Eritrea 's GDP grew by 8.7 percent making it one of the fastest growing economies in the world . The Economist Intelligence Unit ( EIU ) expects it to maintain a high growth rate of 8.5 percent in 2013 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b5b51fd1bd9c320283107ace1793ba19", "text": "Geography of Antarctica The geography of Antarctica is dominated by its south polar location and , thus , by ice . The Antarctic continent , located in the Earth 's southern hemisphere , is centered asymmetrically around the South Pole and largely south of the Antarctic Circle . It is washed by the Southern ( or Antarctic ) Ocean or , depending on definition , the southern Pacific , Atlantic , and Indian Oceans . It has an area of more than 14 million km ² . Some 98 % of Antarctica is covered by the Antarctic ice sheet , the world 's largest ice sheet and also its largest reservoir of fresh water . Averaging at least 1.6 km thick , the ice is so massive that it has depressed the continental bedrock in some areas more than 2.5 km below sea level ; subglacial lakes of liquid water also occur ( e.g. , Lake Vostok ) . Ice shelves and rises populate the ice sheet on the periphery .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9c5bff95846e322b70ba8425e3cd13ad", "text": "Sebeta Sebeta is a town and separate woreda in central Ethiopia , and a suburb of Addis Ababa . Located in the Oromia Special Zone Surrounding Finfinne of the Oromia Region , this town has a latitude and longitude of and an elevation of 2,356 meters ( 7,730 feet ) above sea level . The Sebeta School for the Blind is located in Sebeta . It became part of the Haile Selassie I Foundation in 1959 , and construction on a new building began on 4 October 1962 . The Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research opened a research station in Sebeta in 1967 , which operates as the national center for research into improving fishing yields .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "d619461cc083b3116e4cc1808aad01cd", "text": "Barbara Bain Barbara Bain ( born September 13 , 1931 ) is an American film and television actress . She is known for co-starring in the original Mission : Impossible television series in the 1960s as Cinnamon Carter .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "c443c107ef4113b5e977497a95bab0c2", "text": "Cor, Blimey! Cor , Blimey ! is a 2000 TV film that follows the relationship between Carry On film actors Sid James ( played by Geoffrey Hutchings ) and Barbara Windsor ( played by Samantha Spiro ) . The film , first broadcast on ITV in April 2000 , was adapted by Terry Johnson from his stage play Cleo , Camping , Emmanuelle and Dick which debuted at the Royal National Theatre in 1998 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c122069a46dc816d48ad0ac2e2a72f8b", "text": "Anne of Avonlea (1975 film) Anne of Avonlea is a film made for television 4-part mini-series , developed in the United Kingdom by the BBC . It is based on Anne of Avonlea , the sequel to Anne of Green Gables by Lucy Maud Montgomery .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4d8bcab43a17c6bc84e9e603dd897d61", "text": "Barbara Turner Barbara Turner may refer to : Barbara Turner ( actress ) ( 1936 -- 2016 ) , American screenwriter and former actress Barbara Turner ( basketball ) ( born 1984 ) , American professional basketball player", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f2a8db92265e4ced3ec25f22beecea59", "text": "Barbara Wood Barbara Wood ( born January 30 , 1947 , in Warrington ( Lancashire , England ) is an American writer of historical romance novels . Her family moved to California , where she grew up .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3850a8f6081979380a2e8d3633a77f3c", "text": "Barbara Leigh-Hunt Barbara Leigh-Hunt ( born 14 December 1935 in Bath , Somerset ) is a British actress who has appeared on stage , film , television and radio .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a3ebbd03297ee51d27843957f3cba57f", "text": "Barbara Tyson Barbara Tyson ( born October 1 , 1964 ) is a Canadian actress known for appearing in hit TV series Neon Rider , Cold Squad , ER and The Twilight Zone . One of her first notable television roles was in Another World as Dawn Rollo , the first HIV-positive character to be introduced in a daytime soap opera in the United States . She was credited as Barbara Bush in her early roles . Originally from Capreol , Ontario , she moved with her mother several times in childhood after her parents ' divorce , finally spending her teen years in Barrie . Her first-ever acting audition was for a role in the Donald Sutherland film Threshold , which went to Mare Winningham . She had early guest roles in Canadian television , and appeared as Carol Burnett 's daughter in the television film Between Friends , before moving to New York City in 1985 . She had just $ 1.87 in her savings account the day she won her role in Another World . After that role ended , she continued to appear in guest roles before securing her starring role in the Canadian series Neon Rider , which lasted for four seasons . She was nominated for a Gemini Award for Best Guest Performance in a Series by an Actor or Actress in 1994 for a guest appearance in '' North of 60 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7939cd7ddfe057e057e18f9eceedf777", "text": "Pat Bond Pat Bond ( February 27 , 1925 -- December 24 , 1990 ) was an American actress who starred on stage and on television , as well as in motion pictures . She was openly lesbian and in many cases she was the first gay woman people saw on stage . Her career spanned some forty years .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cae496b0396b6311a3ba67d50dfee783", "text": "Benton C Bainbridge Benton C Bainbridge ( born January 22 , 1966 ) is an American media artist known for creating single channel video , interactive artworks , immersive installations and live visual performances with custom digital , analog and optical systems of his own design . He is faculty at School of Visual Arts MFA Computer Arts department . His work is collected in the Turbulence.org collection and The `` ETC : Experimental Television Center Archives '' in the Rose Goldsen Media Archives at Cornell University and The Kitchen Archive at the Getty Research Institute . From 2006-2007 , Bainbridge was Education Fellow at Eyebeam . He has since realized many projects there , including the inaugural MIXER event and VHS portraits . His early career focused on the live creation of electronic cinema in collaboration with other artists and anticipated today 's VJ collectives . Bainbridge 's aesthetic technique is characterized by extensive realtime manipulation analog and digital media . His work is presented in both art and entertainment spaces ranging from museums to stadiums . He has shown across five continents , collaborating with artists including the Beastie Boys , Kaki King , Pauline Oliveros , V. Owen Bush , Abigail Child , Nick Didkovsky , Bobby Previte , Jin Hi Kim , Dream Theater , Barbara Held , Lonnie Holley and Tonstartssbandht , among many others . Bainbridge has shown his work in venues such as the Whitney Museum of American Art , Museum of Modern Art , Lincoln Center , Madison Square Garden , The Kitchen ( NYC ) , EMPAC ( Troy , NY ) , the American Museum of Natural History , SFMOMA ( San Francisco ) , Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden ( Washington , D.C. ) , Dallas Video Festival , Boston Cyberarts Festival , Eyebeam , Mercat des les Flors ( Barcelona ) , LUX2006 ( Sevilla ) , Auditorium Parco della Musica ( Roma ) , Test-Portal ( Amsterdam ) , Sonic Light ( Amsterdam ) , Wien Modern ( Vienna ) , Inventionen ( Berlin ) , Teatro Colón CETC ( Buenos Aires ) , CELCIT ( Managua ) , Xi'an China International Horticultural Exposition 2011 , Korean Festival ( Seoul ) , Good Vibrations ( Australia ) , and MTV Networks ( global ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee64fe835bcf78cb3f9f8b922a112a10", "text": "Barbara Leigh Barbara Leigh ( born Barbara Ann Kish ; November 16 , 1946 ) is a former American actress and fashion model . Her breakthrough role came in 1972 with the film Junior Bonner , which she starred alongside her then-boyfriend Steve McQueen . She later became the first model to wear the Vampirella costume on the cover of the original Warren Vampirella magazine , # 67 ( March 1975 ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eb550bd52387cd18d217fbba8adecf45", "text": "On Expenses On Expenses is a 2010 British television film directed by Simon Cellan Jones and starring Anna Maxwell Martin as Heather Brooke and Brian Cox as Michael Martin . The film documents the true story of American journalist Heather Brooke 's attempt to get expenses claims of Members of Parliament released under the Freedom of Information Act 2000 and Speaker Michael Martin 's battle to prevent it . Heather Brooke herself appeared in the production in a non-speaking role playing the part of an unnamed MP sitting on the government benches in a scene where Michael Martin is elected to the position of Speaker of the House of Commons .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f11a7065e59e30dfbc0e4b2593c2d736", "text": "Mary Barclay Mary Barclay ( 20 July 1916 -- 19 February 2008 ) was an English film , television and theatre actress . She was best known for playing Stella Dane in the Crossroads television series , as well as her role in the 1973 film , A Touch of Class .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3db71d3ff9a6de528ca66dea85310845", "text": "Imogen Bain Imogen Bain ( 17 April 1959 -- 5 July 2014 ) was an English stage and screen actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "caa36a81d35d12f8866b7acc8a2129cd", "text": "Ann Catherine Holbrook Ann Catherine Holbrook ( born Ann Catherine Jackson ) was a British actress .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "172942772ab106120704a661e1b7d310", "text": "Barry MacKay (actor) Barry MacKay ( 8 January 1906 -- 12 December 1985 ) was a British actor . He was most prominently seen in light comedic roles in the British cinema of the 1930s and is perhaps best known as Jessie Matthews ' leading man in Evergreen ( 1934 ) , Gangway ( 1937 ) and Sailing Along ( 1938 ) . Other notable roles include Lieutenant Somerville in Brown on Resolution ( 1935 ) and as Fred , Scrooge 's nephew , in MGM 's film A Christmas Carol ( 1938 ) , the latter being one of two films he made in the US ; the other was the lead role in a B-picture , Smuggled Cargo ( 1939 ) . After these films there was a long gap in his film career until he reappeared as a character actor in the 1950s , making his last film ( Timeslip ) in 1955 . Barry also appeared in the 1954 Sheldon Reynolds produced Sherlock Holmes television series . He portrayed Reggie `` Sardines '' Taunton in episode 17 ; `` The Case of the Laughing Mummy '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6b7878e4c8124a60cf9659ded96dde1a", "text": "Black Books Black Books is a British sitcom created by Dylan Moran and Graham Linehan and broadcast on Channel 4 from 2000 to 2004 . Starring Moran , Bill Bailey and Tamsin Greig , the series is set in the eponymous London bookshop and follows the lives of its owner Bernard Black ( Moran ) , his assistant Manny Bianco ( Bailey ) and their friend Fran Katzenjammer ( Greig ) . The series was produced by Big Talk Productions , in association with Channel 4 . The show was produced in a multiple-camera setup , and was primarily filmed at Teddington Studios in Teddington , London , with exterior scenes filmed on location on Leigh Street and the surrounding areas in Bloomsbury . The debut episode premiered on 29 September 2000 and three seasons followed , with the final episode airing on 15 April 2004 . Black Books was a critical success , winning a number of awards , including two BAFTA awards for Best Situation Comedy in 2001 and 2005 and a Bronze Rose at the Festival Rose d'Or .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e97a41854b777653b44e6df190d2686b", "text": "B-And-B B-And-B was a British sitcom starring Bernard Braden , his wife Barbara Kelly and their daughter Kim Braden . It was written by Michael Pertwee , and aired for a pilot and one series in 1968 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6f55bfd7d33bf9918afba99f524a4eba", "text": "Carry On Spying Carry On Spying is a 1964 film , the ninth in the series of Carry On films to be made . It marks Barbara Windsor 's first appearance in the series . Series regulars Kenneth Williams , Charles Hawtrey and Jim Dale are present . Bernard Cribbins makes the second of his three Carry On appearances ( although it would be 28 years before he returned in Carry On Columbus ) . Eric Barker appears for his third entry ( his final appearance would be in Carry On Emmannuelle 14 years later ) . Dilys Laye returns after her debut in Carry On Cruising . Carry On Spying is the last Carry On film shot in black and white .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f76f2c724f8ce67bf48481256e4f4fa", "text": "In Love with Barbara In Love with Barbara is a 2008 drama film , inspired by the life of the romantic novelist Barbara Cartland , which tells the story of what made her the Queen of Romance . It was written by Jacquetta May and shown on BBC Four at 9:00 pm , on Sunday 26 October 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "84fb153360626d7945480762e81e3a2a", "text": "Barbara Britton Barbara Britton ( September 26 , 1919 -- January 17 , 1980 ) was an American film and television actress . She is best known for her western film roles opposite Randolph Scott , Joel McCrea , and Gene Autry and for her two-year tenure as inquisitive amateur sleuth Pam North on the television and radio series Mr. and Mrs. North .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7c67f8619241b1f3db49548d0d4a56c6", "text": "Barbara Everest Barbara Everest ( 19 June 1890 -- 9 February 1968 ) was a British stage and film actress . She was born in Southfields , Surrey , and made her screen debut in the 1916 film The Man Without a Soul .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "eaaffc1dab8035bf39cb853305b3e3a2", "text": "Jodie Foster Alicia Christian `` Jodie '' Foster ( born November 19 , 1962 ) is an American actress and filmmaker who has worked in films and on television . She has often been cited as one of the best actresses of her generation . Foster began her career at the age of three as a child model in 1965 , and two years later moved to acting in television series , with the sitcom Mayberry R.F.D. being her debut . In the late 1960s and early 1970s , she worked in several primetime television series and starred in children 's films . Foster 's breakthrough came in Martin Scorsese 's Taxi Driver ( 1976 ) , in which she played a teenage prostitute ; the role garnered her a nomination for an Academy Award . Her other critically acclaimed roles as a teenager were in the musical Bugsy Malone ( 1976 ) and the thriller The Little Girl Who Lives Down the Lane ( 1976 ) , and she became a popular teen idol by starring in Disney 's Freaky Friday ( 1976 ) , Candleshoe ( 1977 ) and Foxes ( 1980 ) . After attending college at Yale , Foster struggled to transition to adult roles until winning widespread critical acclaim for her portrayal of a rape survivor in The Accused ( 1988 ) , for which she won several awards , including an Academy Award and a Golden Globe . She won her second Academy Award three years later for her role in the sleeper hit The Silence of the Lambs , where she played Clarice Starling , an FBI trainee investigating a serial murder case . Foster made her debut as a film director the same year with the moderately successful Little Man Tate ( 1991 ) , and founded her own production company , Egg Pictures , in 1992 . The company 's first production was Nell ( 1994 ) , in which she also played the title role , gaining another nomination for an Academy Award . Her other films in the 1990s included period drama Sommersby , Western comedy Maverick ( 1994 ) , science fiction film Contact ( 1997 ) , and period drama Anna and the King ( 1999 ) . Her second film direction , Home for the Holidays ( 1995 ) , was not well-received commercially , while critical reviews were mixed . After career setbacks in the early 2000s , which included the cancellation of a film project and the closing down of her production company , Foster starred in four thrillers , Panic Room ( 2002 ) , Flightplan ( 2005 ) , Inside Man ( 2006 ) and The Brave One ( 2007 ) . She has focused on directing in the 2010s , directing the films The Beaver ( 2011 ) and Money Monster ( 2016 ) , as well as episodes for Netflix television series Orange is the New Black and House of Cards . She also starred in the film Elysium ( 2013 ) . In addition to her two Academy Awards , Foster has won three BAFTA Awards , three Golden Globe Awards , a Screen Actors Guild Award and the Cecil B DeMille Award .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e2c321d25599bd3328f0645ee15b63b9", "text": "The Beaver (film) The Beaver is a 2011 comedy-drama film directed by Jodie Foster and written by Kyle Killen . This film stars Mel Gibson , Foster , Anton Yelchin , and Jennifer Lawrence . This is Gibson and Foster 's first film together since 1994 's Maverick and Summit Entertainment 's only film to have Entertainment One not distribute it within the UK .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd1b22a2e6992aec299b7f71b07dc5b9", "text": "Home for the Holidays (1995 film) Home for the Holidays is a 1995 comedy-drama film directed by Jodie Foster and produced by Peggy Rajski and Foster . The screenplay was by W. D. Richter based on the short story by Chris Radant . The music score was by Mark Isham and the cinematography by Lajos Koltai . The film stars Holly Hunter , Robert Downey Jr. , Anne Bancroft , Charles Durning , Dylan McDermott , Geraldine Chaplin , Steve Guttenberg , Cynthia Stevenson , Claire Danes , Austin Pendleton and David Strathairn .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "d12cfd558631ecc9fcb6d8c459b7ff02", "text": "The Hotel New Hampshire (film) The Hotel New Hampshire is a 1984 British-Canadian-American comedy-drama film written and directed by Tony Richardson based on John Irving 's 1981 novel of the same name . The film stars Jodie Foster , Beau Bridges , Rob Lowe , and Nastassja Kinski , and also features Wilford Brimley , Amanda Plummer , Matthew Modine , and a young Seth Green in a supporting role . The film is a co-production from the United Kingdom , Canada , and the United States . In an introductory foreword that he wrote for a later edition of the novel , author Irving stated that he was thrilled when Richardson informed him that he wanted to adapt the book to the screen . Irving wrote that he was very happy with the adaptation , complaining only that he felt Richardson tried to make the film too faithful to the book , noting the manner in which Richardson would often speed up the action in an attempt to include more material onscreen .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "12a2017e133518b0a3c86b357b8c9c86", "text": "On My Way (film) On My Way ( Elle s ` en va ) is a 2013 French comedy-drama film directed by Emmanuelle Bercot . The film premiered in competition at the 63rd Berlin International Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "13391941c2be9faec97eedc0cc0ce7ca", "text": "George Washington (film) George Washington is a 2000 American drama film written and directed by David Gordon Green . Its story centers on a group of children in a depressed small town in North Carolina who band together to cover up a tragic mistake . Although it was not widely seen due to having had a very limited release , the film received wide praise from critics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ee84c8b50248e183659048a017318d5", "text": "Edmond (film) Edmond is a 2005 American drama film directed by Stuart Gordon and starring William H. Macy , based on the 1982 play Edmond by David Mamet . Mamet also wrote the screenplay for the film . Edmond features Julia Stiles , Rebecca Pidgeon , Denise Richards , Mena Suvari , Joe Mantegna , Bai Ling , Jeffrey Combs , Dylan Walsh and George Wendt in supporting roles . It was screened at several film festivals from September 2005 to May 2006 , and had a limited release on July 14 , 2006 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ae2b1fa2eba8b330553c685db1e084c", "text": "La Fidelidad La Fidelidad is a 1970 Argentine comedy film drama directed by and written by Juan José Jusid .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dba31df0e2dff89812bafa9622cfb7b6", "text": "The Dangerous Lives of Altar Boys The Dangerous Lives of Altar Boys is a 2002 independent comedy-drama film directed by Peter Care and based on a 1994 semi-autobiographical coming-of-age novel by Chris Fuhrman . The film stars Emile Hirsch , Kieran Culkin , Jena Malone , Jodie Foster , and Vincent D'Onofrio . The film is about a group of Catholic school friends in the Southern United States in the 1970s who engage in a series of pranks and general mischief . The boys also collaborate on a comic book they call The Atomic Trinity . Interspersed within the film are segments of animated footage based on the comic book . Fuhrman died of cancer before completing the final revision of the novel . The film is dedicated to his memory .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7d2e7ed37c120f5113b6d5a07e51bd6", "text": "Backyard Ashes Backyard Ashes is a 2013 Australian comedy film about backyard cricket games .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dea10774d2b029ccd7185e77152466ae", "text": "Foster (film) Foster ( also known as Angel in the House ) is a 2011 British comedy-drama film written and directed by Jonathan Newman , based on his 2005 short film . Part of it was shot at Legoland Windsor in April 2010 . The film stars Golden Globe winner Toni Collette , Ioan Gruffudd , Richard E. Grant , BAFTA Award winner Hayley Mills and Maurice Cole .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1d225dc315258d25b16334c717f86aa8", "text": "Wakefield (film) Wakefield is a 2016 American drama film directed and written by Robin Swicord , based on the short story of same name by E. L. Doctorow . The film stars Bryan Cranston and Jennifer Garner . Principal photography began on November 30 , 2015 , in Pasadena , California . The film had its world premiere at the Telluride Film Festival on September 2 , 2016 . It was released in a limited release on May 19 , 2017 , before being released through video on demand on May 26 , 2017 , by IFC Films .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b312fe2dc52822521bc76a7208e20983", "text": "Loosies Loosies ( also known as Love Is Not a Crime and Pick Pocket ) is a 2012 romantic comedy-drama film written and produced by Peter Facinelli , and directed by Michael Corrente . The film stars Peter Facinelli , Jaimie Alexander , Michael Madsen , Joe Pantoliano , William Forsythe , Christy Carlson Romano , Glenn Ciano , Vincent Gallo and Chad A. Verdi .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d688e7699eb2df6597e7fb64ecdfeab8", "text": "You Can't Beat Love You Ca n't Beat Love is a 1937 American comedy film directed by Christy Cabanne and written by Maxwell Shane and David Silverstein . The film stars Preston Foster , Joan Fontaine , Herbert Mundin , William Brisbane and Alan Bruce . The film was released on June 25 , 1937 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7278681b98d5b9ccbcb2eb5b2f87eeca", "text": "Just to Be Sure Just to Be Sure ( Ôtez-moi d'un Doute ) is a 2017 French comedy film directed by Carine Tardieu . It was screened in the Directors ' Fortnight section at the 2017 Cannes Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b33f33a8da7eb25ad8645310159a5766", "text": "The Comedy The Comedy is a 2012 drama film directed and co-written by Rick Alverson , and starring Tim Heidecker . Supporting actors include Eric Wareheim ( Tim and Eric ) , James Murphy ( LCD Soundsystem ) , and Gregg Turkington ( better known as Neil Hamburger ) . The film was premiered at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival and screened within such festivals as Maryland Film Festival 2012 . The film was distributed by Tribeca Film and was slated for theatrical release on November 9 , 2012 and nationwide On Demand starting October 24 , 2012 . Despite the title and use of comedians as actors , Sundance festival chief programmer Trevor Groth says that the film is not a comedy , but instead `` a provocation , a critique of a culture based at its core around irony and sarcasm and about ultimately how hollow that is . '' The first ten minutes of the film was purposely leaked onto various torrent websites with an anti-piracy statement at the end of the video . The resulting publicity made the actual film the most pirated independent film of the year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "adfb4b9f7a27c77bd42f10fcc163a7cd", "text": "Messy Christmas Messy Christmas ( Meine schöne Bescherung ) is a 2007 German comedy film directed by Vanessa Jopp .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c8c0ef2706df68f3cf81fe0d1a4afadd", "text": "Tick Tock Lullaby Tick Tock Lullaby is a British indie comedy-drama film of 2007 written and directed by Lisa Gornick .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "ee48093e0077775ab07f2bf32719d147", "text": "Zim and Co. Zim and Co. is a 2005 French comedy film directed by Pierre Jolivet . It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2005 Cannes Film Festival .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "451f05a3826b71f6322e8fdf90556a70", "text": "Another Happy Day Another Happy Day is a 2011 American black comedy-drama film written and directed by Sam Levinson . The film stars an ensemble cast including Ellen Barkin , Kate Bosworth , Ellen Burstyn , Thomas Haden Church , George Kennedy , Ezra Miller , Demi Moore , Siobhan Fallon Hogan , Michael Nardelli , Jeffrey DeMunn , and Diana Scarwid .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8bf46fc2c16260c2a2447ad6d3b25962", "text": "List of accolades received by Fences (film) Fences is a 2016 American drama film directed by Denzel Washington and written by August Wilson . Starring Washington , Viola Davis , Jovan Adepo and Stephen McKinley Henderson , the film focuses on a man and his life , family , and job . The film began a limited release on December 16 , 2016 , before opening wide on December 25 . The film was released to universal acclaim , with Rotten Tomatoes listing an approval rating of 93 % , based on 207 reviews , with an average rating of 7.7 / 10 , and Metacritic listing a score of 79 out of 100 , based on 48 reviews . Fences won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress and the British Academy Film Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for Davis . The film won Best Supporting Actress for Davis and was nominated for Best Picture , Best Director , Best Actor for Washington , Best Acting Ensemble and Best Adapted Screenplay at Critics ' Choice Awards . The film won Best Supporting Actress -- Motion Picture for Davis and was nominated for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Drama for Washington at Golden Globe Awards . The film received four nominations at Satellite Awards , including Best Film , Best Director , Best Actor for Washington and Best Supporting Actress for Davis .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "94c2a6c179f786351fff21d3d393c379", "text": "Nina's Heavenly Delights Nina 's Heavenly Delights is a 2006 British drama Romance comedy film , directed by Pratibha Parmar . The film was released on 29 September 2006 in the United Kingdom , and on 21 November 2007 in the United States .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e81c1e5654c102c2c52e3f2949c6a3df", "text": "New Year's Day (1989 film) New Year 's Day is a 1989 American comedy-drama film written and directed by Henry Jaglom . It was entered into the main competition at the 46th Venice International Film Festival .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "d59a1353294df10dbb7701287b9f2d07", "text": "Robert F. Kennedy Robert Francis `` Bobby '' Kennedy ( November 20 , 1925 -- June 6 , 1968 ) , commonly known by his initials RFK , was an American politician from Massachusetts . He served as the United States junior senator from New York from January 1965 until his assassination in June 1968 . He was previously the 64th U.S. Attorney General from January 1961 to September 1964 , serving under his older brother President John F. Kennedy and his successor , President Lyndon B. Johnson . Kennedy was a member of the Democratic Party , and is seen as an icon of modern American liberalism . After serving in the United States Naval Reserve as a Seaman Apprentice from 1944 to 1946 , Kennedy graduated from Harvard University and the University of Virginia . He began his political career in Massachusetts as the manager for his brother John 's successful campaign for the U.S. Senate in 1952 . Prior to entering public office himself , he worked as a correspondent for The Boston Post and as an assistant counsel to the Senate committee chaired by Joe McCarthy . He gained national attention as the chief counsel of the Senate Labor Rackets Committee from 1957 to 1959 , where he publicly challenged Teamsters President Jimmy Hoffa over the corrupt practices of its union and authored The Enemy Within , a book about corruption in organized labor . Kennedy resigned from the committee to conduct his brother John 's campaign in the 1960 presidential election . He was appointed Attorney General after the successful election and served as the closest adviser to the president from 1961 to 1963 . His tenure is best known for its advocacy for the Civil Rights Movement , the fight against organized crime and the Mafia , and involvement in U.S. foreign policy related to Cuba . After his brother 's assassination , he remained in office in the Johnson administration for several months . He left to run for the United States Senate from New York in 1964 and defeated Republican incumbent Kenneth Keating . In 1968 , Kennedy was a leading candidate for the Democratic nomination for the presidency ; he appealed especially to poor , African-American , Hispanic , Catholic and young voters . Shortly after midnight on June 5 , 1968 , after defeating Senator Eugene McCarthy in the California and South Dakota presidential primaries , he was mortally wounded by Sirhan Sirhan , a 24-year-old enraged Palestinian , and died the following day .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "b8933964b338b6e86593ff7349197dac", "text": "Martin J. Kennedy Martin John Kennedy ( August 29 , 1892 -- October 27 , 1955 ) was an American politician from New York .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74c200cd5554534b74ddc72869f441f6", "text": "John F. Kennedy John Fitzgerald `` Jack '' Kennedy ( May 29 , 1917 -- November 22 , 1963 ) , commonly referred to by his initials JFK , was an American politician who served as the 35th President of the United States from January 1961 until his assassination in November 1963 . Kennedy served at the height of the Cold War , and much of his presidency focused on managing relations with the Soviet Union . He was a member of the Democratic Party who represented Massachusetts in the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate prior to becoming president . Kennedy was born in Brookline , Massachusetts to Joseph P. Kennedy , Sr. and Rose Kennedy . A scion of the Kennedy family , he graduated from Harvard University in 1940 before joining the United States Naval Reserve the following year . During World War II , Kennedy commanded a series of PT boats in the Pacific theater and earned the Navy and Marine Corps Medal for his service . After the war , Kennedy represented Massachusetts 's 11th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 1947 until 1953 . He was subsequently elected to the U.S. Senate and served as the junior Senator from Massachusetts from 1953 until 1960 . While serving in the Senate , he published Profiles in Courage , which won the Pulitzer Prize for Biography . In the 1960 presidential election , Kennedy narrowly defeated Republican opponent Richard Nixon , who was the incumbent Vice President . Kennedy 's time in office was marked by high tensions with Communist states in the Cold War . He increased the number of American military advisers in South Vietnam by a factor of 18 over President Dwight D. Eisenhower . In April 1961 , he authorized a failed joint-CIA attempt to overthrow the Cuban government of Fidel Castro in the Bay of Pigs Invasion . He subsequently rejected plans by the Joint Chiefs of Staff to orchestrate false-flag attacks on American soil in order to gain public approval for a war against Cuba . In October 1962 , U.S. spy planes discovered that Soviet missile bases had been deployed in Cuba ; the resulting period of tensions , termed the Cuban Missile Crisis , nearly resulted in the breakout of a global thermonuclear conflict . Domestically , Kennedy presided over the establishment of the Peace Corps and supported the Civil Rights Movement , but he was largely unsuccessful in passing his New Frontier domestic policies . Kennedy continues to rank highly in historians ' polls of U.S. presidents and with the general public . His average approval rating of 70 % is the highest of any president in Gallup 's history of systematically measuring job approval . On November 22 , 1963 , Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas , Texas . Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested for the crime , but he was never prosecuted due to his murder by Jack Ruby two days later . Pursuant to the Presidential Succession Act , Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson was sworn in as president later that day . The FBI and the Warren Commission officially concluded that Oswald was the lone assassin , but various groups believed that Kennedy was the victim of a conspiracy . After Kennedy 's death , many of his proposals were enacted , including the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Revenue Act of 1964 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d293adf9c515215c8eab68ee0055947e", "text": "History of Springfield, Massachusetts The history of Springfield , Massachusetts ( est. 1636 ) springs in large part from its favorable geography , situated on a steep bluff overlooking the Connecticut River 's confluence with three tributaries . It was an ancient Indian crossroad for two major trade routes : Boston-to-Albany and New York City-to-Montreal . Springfield also sits on some of the northeastern United States ' most fertile soil . Springfield was founded in 1636 as Agawam , the northernmost settlement of the Connecticut Colony . The settlement defected from Connecticut after four years , however , later joining forces with the coastal Massachusetts Bay Colony . The town changed its name to Springfield , and changed the political boundaries among what later became New England States . Springfield flourished as a trading post and agricultural center until 1675 's King Philip 's War , when a coalition of Indians laid siege to Springfield and later burned it to the ground . Its prosperity waned for the next hundred years but , in 1777 , United States Revolutionary War leaders made it a National Armory to store weapons , and in 1795 it began manufacturing muskets . Until 1968 , the Armory made small arms . Its first American muskets ( 1794 ) were followed by the famous Springfield rifle and the revolutionary M1 Garand and M14s . The Springfield Armory attracted generations of skilled laborers to the city , making it the United States ' longtime center for precision manufacturing ( comparable to a Silicon Valley of the Industrial Revolution ) . The Armory 's near-capture during Shays Rebellion of 1787 was among the troubles that prompted the U.S. Constitutional Convention later that year . Innovations in the 19th and 20th centuries include the first American English dictionary ( 1805 , Noah Webster ) , the first use of interchangeable parts and the assembly line in manufacturing ( 1819 , Thomas Blanchard ) , the first American horseless car ( 1825 , again Thomas Blanchard ) , vulcanized rubber ( 1844 , Charles Goodyear ) , the first American gasoline-powered car ( 1893 , Duryea Brothers ) , the first American motorcycle company ( 1901 , `` Indian '' ) , an early commercial radio station ( 1921 , WBZ , and most famously , the world 's third-most-popular sport of basketball ( 1891 , Dr. James Naismith ) . Throughout the latter half of the 20th century , Springfield endured a protracted decline , accelerated by the decommission of the Springfield Armory in 1969 . Springfield became increasingly like the declining , second tier Northeastern U.S. cities from which it had long been set apart . During the 1980s and 1990s , Springfield developed a new reputation for crime , political corruption , and cronyism . Seeking to overcome its downgrade , the city undertook several large ( but unfinished ) projects , including a $ 1 billion high-speed rail ( New Haven-Hartford-Springfield high-speed rail ) , a proposed $ 1 billion MGM Casino , and others .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7f54876ec9650ae45668e363594fee96", "text": "A. David Mazzone A. David Mazzone ( June 3 , 1928 -- October 25 , 2004 ) was a lawyer , Massachusetts assistant district attorney , assistant United States attorney , Massachusetts Superior court judge . He served for twenty-six years as a Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts . `` He will forever be remembered by the people of Massachusetts for his landmark rulings that led to the cleanup of Boston Harbor , '' United States Senator Edward M. Kennedy said to the Boston Globe shortly after Mazzone 's death in October 2004 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9bab27a46d57be7e1cdc140904489f2e", "text": "Robert S. Maloney Robert Sarsfield Maloney ( February 3 , 1881 -- November 8 , 1934 ) was a United States Representative from Massachusetts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8a07cb21db9b98e5efaa740cd65f97a0", "text": "United States Senate election in Massachusetts, 2012 The 2012 United States Senate election in Massachusetts took place on November 6 , 2012 , concurrently with the U.S. presidential election and elections to the U.S. Senate in other states , as well as elections to the House of Representatives and various state and local elections . Incumbent Republican Senator Scott Brown ran for re-election to a first full term . He had been elected in a special election in 2010 following the death of incumbent Democratic Senator Ted Kennedy . Brown faced no challengers from his own party . For the Democrats , an initial wide field of prospective candidates narrowed after the entry of Harvard Law School Professor Elizabeth Warren , the architect of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau . Warren clinched near-unanimous party support , with all but one of the other Democratic candidates withdrawing following her entrance . After winning her party 's nomination , eliminating any need for a primary , she faced Brown in the general election . The election was one of the most-followed races in 2012 and cost approximately $ 82 million , which made it the most expensive election in Massachusetts history and the second-most expensive in the entire 2012 election cycle , next to that year 's presidential election . This was despite the two candidates ' having agreed not to allow outside money to influence the race . Opinion polling indicated a close race for much of the campaign , though Warren opened up a small but consistent lead in the final few weeks . She went on to defeat Brown by over 236,000 votes , 54 % to 46 % .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3a0dd1f579ac6729ab05cfe0a0b6659e", "text": "United States presidential election in Connecticut, 1924 The 1924 United States Presidential Election in Connecticut took place on November 4 , 1924 as part of the 1924 United States Presidential Election which was held throughout all contemporary 48 states . Voters chose seven representatives , or electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . Connecticut voted for the Republican nominee , incumbent President Calvin Coolidge of Massachusetts , over the Democratic nominee , Ambassador John W. Davis of West Virginia . Coolidge ran with former Budget Director Charles G. Dawes of Illinois , while Davis ran with Governor Charles W. Bryan of Nebraska . Also in the running that year was the Progressive Party nominee , Senator Robert M. La Follette of Wisconsin and his running mate Senator Burton K. Wheeler of Montana . La Follette 's support base was primarily among rural German and Scandinavian Americans , and he possessed little appeal in the Northeast outside a few New York and Boston anti-Prohibition precincts . Coolidge won Connecticut by a margin of 34.01 percent . His victory was also enjoyed a unique personal popularity which helped him in the state and the rest of New England . He was the epitome of a traditional New England Yankee , having been born in the small-town of Plymouth Notch , Vermont , and establishing his political career nearby as Governor of Massachusetts . Thus Coolidge remained especially popular with voters across the New England region .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e297c985585d2d52ec4f8f305b1987cf", "text": "Laurence Curtis Laurence Curtis ( September 3 , 1893 -- July 11 , 1989 ) was a United States Representative from Massachusetts . He was born in Boston . He graduated from Groton School in 1912 and from Harvard University in 1916 . He served in the Foreign Diplomatic Service . During World War I , he entered the United States Navy and after a training crash , resulting in the loss of a leg , served out the rest of the war as a ground officer in Pensacola , Florida . He was awarded the Silver Star for war services . He returned to Harvard Law School and graduated in 1921 . He was admitted to the Massachusetts bar the same year and commenced practice in Boston . He was secretary to United States Supreme Court Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes , Jr. . He served as assistant United States attorney in Boston , was a member of Boston City Council , a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives , a member of Massachusetts State Senate , Massachusetts State Treasurer , a delegate to Republican National Convention in 1960 , and a past State Commander and National Senior Vice Commander of the Disabled American Veterans . He was the Republican nominee for Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts in 1950 . He was elected as a Republican to the Eighty-third and to the four succeeding Congresses ( January 3 , 1953 -- January 3 , 1963 ) . He was not a candidate for renomination in 1962 to the Eighty-eighth Congress , but was an unsuccessful candidate for nomination to the United States Senate . He resumed the practice of law , was an unsuccessful candidate for election in 1968 to the Ninety-first Congress , in 1970 to the Ninety-second Congress , and for nomination in 1972 to the Ninety-third Congress . He was a resident of Newton until his death in Boston on July 11 , 1989 . He was buried at Mount Auburn Cemetery .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a914111ed6bf28872e8f3587f06ea0b9", "text": "Francis X. Bellotti Francis Xavier Bellotti ( born May 3 , 1923 ) is an American lawyer and politician . In his first campaign he was the Democratic nominee for District Attorney of Norfolk County in 1958 , but was defeated in the general election . In 1962 Bellotti was elected as Lieutenant Governor for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts from 1963 to 1965 . In 1964 he had challenged the sitting governor of his own party , Endicott Peabody , and defeated him in the Democratic Primary ; but lost in the general election to John Volpe who thus regained the seat he had lost in 1962 . From 1975 to 1987 he served three terms as Massachusetts Attorney General . In that capacity he instilled professionalism among his staff , was a leader for civil rights and served as President of the National Association of Attorneys General . He also sought the nomination of the Democratic party for governor in 1970 and in 1990 , but was defeated in the Democratic primary election in both elections losing to Kevin White the first time and John Silber the second . In his official capacity for the state he was the named party in the commercial speech case : First National Bank of Boston v. Bellotti , 435 U.S. 765 ( 1978 ) , which established that corporations have some free speech rights under the First Amendment to the United States Constitution . Bellotti was born in Boston . He graduated from Tufts University in 1947 and received his law degree from Boston College in 1952 . Since leaving office , Bellotti has practiced law in Boston , Massachusetts with the firm of Mintz , Levin , Cohn , Ferris , Glovsky and Popeo . He is the father of twelve children , including Norfolk County Sheriff Michael G. Bellotti .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1ea974184c04f5ee2f9ce2de1044b075", "text": "United States presidential election in Massachusetts, 1960 The 1960 United States presidential election in Massachusetts took place on November 8 , 1960 as part of the 1960 United States presidential election , which was held throughout all 50 states . Voters chose 16 representatives , or electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . Massachusetts voted overwhelmingly for the Democratic nominee , Senator John F. Kennedy of Massachusetts , over the Republican nominee , Vice President Richard Nixon of California . Kennedy ran with Senate Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson of Texas , while Nixon 's running mate was Ambassador Henry Cabot Lodge , Jr. of Massachusetts . Kennedy carried his home state of Massachusetts in a landslide , taking 60.22 % of the vote to Nixon 's 39.55 % , a Democratic victory margin of 20.67 % . This made it the third most Democratic state in the nation , after Rhode Island and Georgia . As Kennedy narrowly defeated Nixon nationally to win the presidency , Massachusetts weighed in for this election as about 21 % more Democratic than the national average . Massachusetts had been a Democratic-leaning state since 1928 , when the Democratic Party had nominated the first Roman Catholic nominee for president , Al Smith . While Smith lost nationally in a landslide , partially due to anti-Catholic prejudice in much of the country , he won Massachusetts due to the massive turnout and support of the many Irish Catholics in the state . In 1960 , John F. Kennedy would be the second Roman Catholic to be nominated for president by a major party , and again his religion became an issue in some regions of the country . However , there was little doubt that Kennedy , an Irish Catholic born in Brookline , Massachusetts , would be able to carry Massachusetts in his presidential run . Prior to 1960 , Massachusetts had been a swing state , having voted for Democrats Franklin Roosevelt and Harry Truman in the 1930s and 1940s , but voting for Republican Dwight Eisenhower in the 1950s . In 1956 , Eisenhower had carried the state by 19 points . The 21 point margin by which Kennedy won the state four years later thus represented a massive 40 point swing toward the Democrats between the 1956 and 1960 elections . Kennedy 's landslide victory in 1960 finally solidified the transformation of Massachusetts into a Democratic stronghold in the modern era . 1960 was the first election ever in which a Democrat had broken 60 % of the vote in Massachusetts , and thus Kennedy 's 60.22 % was the highest percentage of the vote any Democrat had ever received in the state up to that point . Religion was a major dividing factor in shaping the vote in 1960 . Nixon 's running mate , Henry Cabot Lodge , was also from Massachusetts , and had served the state as a Republican Senator , but was a Protestant , and represented traditional Protestant Yankee Republicanism in Massachusetts . Kennedy , an Irish Catholic Democrat , represented an entirely different strain of Massachusetts politics , the emerging majority coalition of urban and ethnic immigrant voters . In 1952 , Kennedy had first defeated Lodge to take the latter 's U.S. Senate seat , symbolizing this new Democratic coalition 's rise in the state . The residual Yankee Republicanism combined with the popularity of the Republican incumbent Eisenhower allowed Nixon to take a decent 39.55 % of the vote , but by 1960 , the ethnic Catholic vote held a decisive majority in Massachusetts , and turnout among Catholic voters reached record highs in 1960 . Kennedy carried nine of the state 's fourteen counties , including the most heavily populated parts of the state surrounding the large cities of Boston , Worcester , and Springfield . Nixon carried only five counties , three of them island or peninsula counties . Nixon 's most significant win was Plymouth County , which he won narrowly with 51 percent of the vote . Kennedy put in an historically strong performance in the state 's capital and largest city , Boston , home to many Catholics of Irish and Italian immigrant heritage . In Suffolk County , where Boston is located , Kennedy won a landslide with 74.4 percent of the vote to Nixon 's 25 percent , the first time in history that a presidential candidate had received more than 70 percent of the vote in the county . Kennedy was also the first Democrat to carry Norfolk County since Martin van Buren in 1836 . The decisive Democratic win in 1960 would foreshadow the political direction Massachusetts would take in the years to come , as it would become one of the most Democratic states in the nation in the elections that followed . In 1964 and 1968 , Democrats would even outperform Kennedy , and in 1972 it would be the only state in the nation to vote for Democrat George McGovern , ultimately making it the only state that Richard Nixon would never win in any of his three presidential campaigns . The 1960 election was also the last time a candidate who declared Massachusetts as his home state won the presidency regardless of his performance in the state . The next three presidential candidates whose home state was Massachusetts , Michael Dukakis , John Kerry , and Mitt Romney , all lost their presidential bids .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ed7305ca7332e2407f8f11f7ec61c6a", "text": "Frank Cousins (American politician) Frank G. Cousins , Jr. ( born May 7 , 1958 in Boston , Massachusetts ) is an American politician who served as the Essex County , Massachusetts Sheriff . Cousins became the first African-American sheriff in Massachusetts when he was appointed to the position in 1996 by then Massachusetts Governor William Weld . Prior to his appointment to sheriff , Cousins had served on the Newburyport , Massachusetts City Council , and then in the Massachusetts House of Representatives from 1993 up until he became sheriff . As a Republican , Cousins has won elections for the sheriff position in 1998 , 2004 , and 2010 in heavily Democratic Essex County . He is not running for reelection in 2016 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e30a3be0398fe1b82137dde55f646370", "text": "Samuel W. McCall Samuel Walker McCall ( February 28 , 1851 -- November 4 , 1923 ) was a Republican lawyer , politician , and writer from Massachusetts . He was for twenty years ( 1893 -- 1913 ) a member of the United States House of Representatives , and the 47th Governor of Massachusetts , serving three one-year terms ( 1916 -- 19 ) . He was a moderately progressive Republican who sought to counteract the influence of money in politics . Born in Pennsylvania and educated at Dartmouth , he settled in Massachusetts , where he entered local politics on a progressive reform agenda . Elected to Congress , he continued his reform activities , and opposed annexation of The Philippines . He did not join the Progressive Party , but was insufficiently conservative for state party leaders , who denied him election to the United States Senate on two occasions . As governor , he directed the state 's actions during World War I , and orchestrated early aid to Halifax , Nova Scotia following a devastating munitions ship explosion there in 1917 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "633392e08a711a8074f1ec3add72b451", "text": "Western Massachusetts Western Massachusetts is a region in Massachusetts , one of the six U.S. states that make up the New England region of the United States . Western Massachusetts has diverse topography ; 22 universities , with approximately 100,000 university students ; and such institutions as Tanglewood , Springfield Armory , and Jacob 's Pillow . The western part of Western Massachusetts includes the Berkshire Mountains , where there are several vacation resorts . The eastern part of the region includes the Connecticut River Valley , which has a number of university towns , the major city Springfield , and numerous agricultural hamlets . In the eastern part of the area , the Quabbin region is a place of outdoor recreation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "344e9cc3f3a0d4295f9a0b5c0a295743", "text": "John Kennedy College John Kennedy College is a boys school in Beau-Bassin , Mauritius . It is one of the largest secondary schools in Mauritius . It was founded in 1963 and inaugurated by the then Governor General Sir John Shaw Rennie . The school is named after American president John F. Kennedy . Its students are known as `` Kennedians '' . The school 's emblem is the American bald eagle . The main areas of focus of John Kennedy College are the sciences , technology and economics . Initially the school was more technically oriented but has since diversified .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cd568732a6f190386a2e19dffd625580", "text": "Charles A. Kennedy Charles Augustus Kennedy ( March 24 , 1869 -- January 10 , 1951 ) was a seven-term Republican U.S. Representative from Iowa 's 1st congressional district in southeastern Iowa . Born in Montrose , Iowa , Kennedy completed preparatory studies . He was interested in horticultural pursuits and later engaged in business as a nurseryman . He served as mayor of Montrose from 1890 to 1895 . He served as member of the Iowa House of Representatives for one two-year term between 1903 and 1905 . In 1906 , Kennedy was elected as a Republican to the Sixtieth Congress . At the time of his nomination , his political philosophy was described as `` strongly standpat , '' a reference to the `` stand-patters '' faction of the Republican Party that provided a conservative alternative to the Party 's progressive wing . He was re-elected six times , before choosing not to run for re-election in 1920 . He served as chairman of the Committee on Mileage ( in the Sixtieth and Sixty-first Congresses ) , and the Committee on Rivers and Harbors ( in the Sixty-sixth Congress ) . In all , he served from March 4 , 1907 to March 3 , 1921 . He engaged in banking until his retirement . He died in Montrose on January 10 , 1951 . He was interred in Montrose Cemetery .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2a4b93f634350f70b4dcb8c3955ee987", "text": "Edmund Dinis Edmund Dinis ( October 4 , 1924 -- March 14 , 2010 ) was an American prosecutor and politician from Massachusetts . Born in the Azores , Dinis and his family emigrated to the United States and settled in New Bedford , Massachusetts . After graduating from high school , Dinis served in the United States Army during World War II . He then studied law at Suffolk University and was admitted to the Massachusetts bar . Dinis also went to the University of Chicago and to the Harvard University Graduate School of Public Administration . He served as district attorney for Bristol County , Massachusetts , from 1959 to 1971 . He later served as treasurer for Bedford County . Dinis prosecuted the Chappaquiddick incident involving Senator Ted Kennedy . Prior to becoming a prosecutor , Dinis served on the New Bedford City Council in 1862 and 1963 and in the Massachusetts House of Representatives from 1949 to 1950 and the Massachusetts State Senate from 1961 to 1956 . Dinis was a Democrat . Dinis also owned the radio station WJFD-FM . His father Jacinto F. Diniz also served in the Massachusetts General Court . Dinis died on March 14 , 2010 , in Dartmouth , Massachusetts . He was 85 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0e80af75d81fb7725bd325a848abd09a", "text": "Hyannis Port Historic District The Hyannis Port Historic District encompasses the historic heart of Hyannis Port , Massachusetts , an area that was intensively developed as a summer resort community beginning in the later decades of the 19th century . The district is about 100 acre in size , and extends from nearly Scudder Avenue in the west to Ocean Avenue in the east . It is bounded on the south by Nantucket Sound , and on the north by Grayton , Edge Hill , and Ocean Avenues . The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1987 . Until the late 19th century , Hyannis Port was a modest agricultural and seafaring village . The Hyannis Land Company was formed in 1871-72 and engaged in a major resort development push , which was one of the largest such efforts on the Cape . The company purchase most of the oceanfront property between Dunbar 's Point and Craigville , and platted out parcels . They built several hotels , staged events to promote the area , and built summer resort houses for vacationers from as far off as Indianapolis and Chicago . The company was not financially sound , however , and went bankrupt in 1879 . The area was not fully developed until the first decades of the 20th century . The district does have a few 18th-century houses , but most of its houses are in the styles popular in the late 19th and early 20th centuries . The most famous residents of Hyannis Port , however , are the Kennedy family , whose compound is a National Historic Landmark . Joseph P. and Rose Kennedy purchased the compound 's main house in 1926 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4ce51c85cc9c1e453277be7234bbccd", "text": "Massachusetts Public Records Law __ NOTOC __ Massachusetts Public Records Law is a law in Massachusetts detailing what kinds of documents are actually public records . It is a state law that is similar to the federal Freedom of Information Act , which was passed by Lyndon B. Johnson in 1966 . According to the Boston Globe newspaper in 2016 , `` Massachusetts is currently the one state in the country where the Legislature , judiciary , and governor 's office all claim to be completely exempt from the -LSB- public records -RSB- law . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6993489b5e017fca8d3a4c575ff479e3", "text": "Mike Capuano Michael Everett Capuano ( -LSB- ˌkæpju : ˈɑːnoʊ -RSB- born January 9 , 1952 ) is an American politician who serves as the U.S. Representative for . A member of the Democratic Party , his district includes the majority of Boston , as well as parts of Cambridge and other communities immediately north and south of Boston . Prior to being elected to Congress he served as an Alderman and later Mayor of Somerville . Capuano was born and raised in Somerville and , after graduating from Dartmouth College and Boston College Law School , he worked as an attorney and Somerville alderman . After losing two mayoral elections in 1979 and 1981 , he worked as legal counsel for the Massachusetts General Court . In 1989 Capuano ran for mayor a third time and won , serving from 1990 to 1999 . In 1998 Capuano navigated a crowded Democratic primary to replace Joseph Kennedy II in Congress and has since been re-elected nine times . He represented the state 's 8th district until it was redrawn in 2013 into the 7th district . In Congress he is a staunch liberal and member of the Congressional Progressive Caucus . He ran in the 2010 special election to fill the seat in the United States Senate made vacant by the death of Ted Kennedy , his predecessor 's uncle , but lost the primary to Martha Coakley , who in turn lost the general election to Republican Scott Brown .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f2c131aa9fe0aa3f2322db687b9986f", "text": "Robert P. Burroughs Robert Phillips Burroughs ( January 13 , 1900 -- June 10 , 1994 ) , son of Sherman Everett Burroughs , graduated from Manchester High School in 1917 . He attended Dartmouth College and earned a master 's degree in business administration in 1922 . Burroughs was a businessman in Manchester , New Hampshire . He specialized in designing pension plans for corporations . He was also active in Republican politics . He served as committeeman from New Hampshire for the Republican National Committee during the 1940s and actively supported Dwight D. Eisenhower during the 1952 and 1956 presidential campaigns . In late 1953 he sponsored a nationwide poll to determine voter satisfaction with the policies of the Eisenhower administration . Burroughs was appointed to represent the U.S. at independence ceremonies in the Cameroons in 1959 and at the inauguration of the president of Liberia in 1960 . He also served on the Board of Directors of the Panama Canal Company during the Eisenhower administration .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "fcdf6f6a70f1cb4850ef60e582c159cd", "text": "Ben Whishaw Benjamin John `` Ben '' Whishaw ( born 14 October 1980 ) is an English actor . He is known for his stage role as Hamlet ; his roles in the television series Nathan Barley , Criminal Justice , The Hour and London Spy ; and film roles including Perfume : The Story of a Murderer ( 2006 ) , I 'm Not There ( 2007 ) , Bright Star ( 2009 ) , Brideshead Revisited ( 2008 ) , Cloud Atlas ( 2012 ) , The Lobster ( 2015 ) , Suffragette ( 2015 ) and The Danish Girl ( 2015 ) . He has also played the role of Q in the James Bond films starting with Skyfall ( 2012 ) , and was the voice of Paddington Bear in the 2014 film , Paddington .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "8d255f87c924ca51c83071cc01adcc49", "text": "Stagecraft Stagecraft is the technical aspect of theatrical , film , and video production . It includes constructing and rigging scenery ; hanging and focusing of lighting ; design and procurement of costumes ; make-up ; stage management ; audio engineering ; and procurement of props . Stagecraft is distinct from the wider umbrella term of scenography . Considered a technical rather than an artistic field , it is primarily the practical implementation of a scenic designer 's artistic vision . In its most basic form , stagecraft may be executed by a single person ( often the stage manager of a smaller production ) who arranges all scenery , costumes , lighting , and sound , and organizes the cast . Regional theatres and larger community theatres will generally have a technical director and a complement of designers , each of whom has a direct hand in their respective designs . Within significantly larger productions , for example a modern Broadway show , effectively bringing a show to opening night requires the work of skilled carpenters , painters , electricians , stagehands , stitchers , wigmakers , and the like . Modern stagecraft is highly technical and specialized : it comprises many sub-disciplines and a vast trove of history and tradition .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8938a970761eccd515ea678bfeeb5283", "text": "Laurence Olivier Award for Best Performance in a Supporting Role in a Musical The Laurence Olivier Award for Best Performance in a Supporting Role in a Musical is an annual award presented by The Society of London Theatre in recognition of achievements in commercial British theatre . The awards were established as the Society of West End Theatre Awards in 1976 , and , renamed in 1984 in honour of English actor Lord Olivier . The Olivier Awards are the most prestigious theatrical awards in the United Kingdom and are the UK equivalent of the Tony Awards . Until 2015 , the Olivier Awards did not honour supporting musical performances separately and was therefore a unisex category , honouring both male and female actors . Starting with the 2015 ceremony , the awards have been separated into Best Actor in a Supporting Role in a Musical and Best Actress in a Supporting Role in a Musical", "title": "" }, { "docid": "04d563bcde9714a8d44a06d7c7d7242e", "text": "Globe to Globe Festival The Globe to Globe Festival ran from 23 April to 9 June 2012 as part of the World Shakespeare Festival , itself part of the 2012 Cultural Olympiad . The festival 's director was Tom Bird . The Globe to Globe Festival hosted 37 productions of Shakespeare 's plays in 37 different languages over a six-week period . The festival was primarily intended to be an experiment with foreign language Shakespeare in the languages of London , however , it also aimed to discover how important Shakespeare is to the rest of the world . The Festival was recorded through blog responses on the Theatre 's own website and on the Year of Shakespeare blog . More than 100,000 people attended the performances , 80 % of whom had not previously been to the Globe .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "74f93e0245e849115ba87937befaf348", "text": "Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Play The Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Play is an annual award presented by The Society of London Theatre in recognition of achievements in commercial British theatre . The awards were established as the Society of West End Theatre Awards in 1976 , and renamed in 1984 in honour of English actor Laurence Olivier . The award was originally entitled Play of the Year but was later renamed in 2001 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "54ad3e3989f7cfe79497c848e384f212", "text": "Queen's Theatre, Hornchurch The Queen 's Theatre is a 500-seat producing theatre located in Hornchurch in the London Borough of Havering , east London . The theatre opened in its current purpose-built site on Billet Lane , Hornchurch in 1975 . From 1953 to 1975 the theatre had occupied a converted , and for some time derelict , cinema on Station Lane ( the site of the present Ripon House development ) that had been used for storage during the Second World War . The theatre originally opened in the coronation year of Queen Elizabeth II and its name reflects this . The opening production was See How They Run . The building deteriorated and the London Borough of Havering built the new theatre . It was opened by Sir Peter Hall in April 1975 , with a production of Joseph and the Amazing Technicolour Dreamcoat . Home to the original productions of the award-winning Return to the Forbidden Planet and Blood Brothers , performers such as Maggie Smith , Martin Shaw , Joan Plowright , Prunella Scales , Nigel Hawthorn , Carol Sloman , Lucy Benjamin , Gemma Salter , Bernard Cribbins , Conn O'Neill and theatre-makers and artists David Eldridge , Chris Bond , Bob Carlton , Bob Eaton , Glen Walford , Nichola McAuliffe , Tim Firth , Dan Murphy and Richard O'Brien the Queen 's Theatre , over its 60 plus year history , has built a track record in creating the best in live entertainment . The theatre 's current artistic director is Douglas Rintoul who was appointed in 2015 . The theatre 's previous artistic directors include Bob Carlton , Marina Calderone and Bob Tomson . The Queen 's Theatre produces over eights shows a year and has a vibrant learning and participatory programme engaging over 11,000 participants annually , enabling people to express themselves and their stories through the arts . The Queen 's Theatre works with educational institutions , amateur theatre groups , professional arts groups and wellbeing organizations , but is also widely connected to the larger theatre landscape in the UK and abroad . Current partnerships include co-productions with the New Wolsey Theatre Ipswich , Salisbury Playhouse , Watford Palace Theatre , Rifco , Sell a Door and The Grand Théâtre de Luxembourg . Behind the scenes there is a carpentry workshop , scenic artists and a wardrobe department creating sets and costumes on-site . The theatre was honoured with a visit from HM The Queen in 2003 , the theatre 's fiftieth anniversary , and in 2013 the theatre celebrated its Diamond Jubilee . The Queen 's Theatre is a registered charity and receives regular funding from the London Borough of Havering and is an Arts Council of England National Portfolio Organisation .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "acc21c5c56ca6a0318aa8bfae7303d02", "text": "Earplay Earplay was the longest-running of the formal series of radio drama anthologies on National Public Radio , produced by WHA in Madison , Wisconsin and heard from 1972 into the 1990s . It approached radio drama as an art form with scripts written by such leading playwrights as Edward Albee , Arthur Kopit , Archibald MacLeish and David Mamet . Airing in stereo , Earplay provided a showcase for original and adapted work . Eventually , the less-sustained successor series NPR Playhouse drew episodes from the Earplay run . Often presented by NPR member stations on a weekly basis , Earplay episodes were produced with much attention to recording technique and sound-effects . In 1975 , it scored a triumph with Listening , an original play written by Edward Albee for stereo radio , employing one speaker for one character and another speaker for another character . Since both characters are seated in a room , the illusion is created that they are in the same room as the listener . After its premiere on radio , Listening was later performed on stage . Along with the CBS Radio Mystery Theater , Sears Radio Theater , The General Mills Radio Adventure Theater , Christian radio 's Unshackled and Public Radio 's The National Radio Theater of Chicago , Earplay was among the most ambitious nationwide projects in the medium in the U.S. during the 1970s and 1980s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "bdcf514925ff0a9c0d9ef831defbaffd", "text": "Globe of the Great Southwest The Globe of the Great Southwest is a theater in Odessa , Texas whose design was inspired by that of William Shakespeare 's original Globe Theatre . In addition , the complex also features a replica of Anne Hathaway 's Cottage . Both buildings are located on the campus of Odessa College . The Globe Theatre is a non-profit organization presenting classical and modern plays on an Elizabethan stage . It hosts community theater performances , monthly country-western shows called The Brand New Opree , and other community activities . The nearby Anne Hathaway Library , a replica of the cottage in which Shakespeare 's wife lived , houses displays of special interest to Shakespeare fans . Full-time theatre activity began in the fall of 1968 . The current Executive Director of the Globe of the Great Southwest is Katryna Engebretson .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "06c4d460b045d3d444d6f4d37494d561", "text": "Commonwealth Shakespeare Company Commonwealth Shakespeare Company ( CSC ) was formed in 1996 by artistic director Steven Maler and associate Joan Moynagh to bring free , outdoor Shakespeare to the people of the city of Boston . Since 1996 , CSC has produced one full Shakespeare production each summer starting with A Midsummer Night 's Dream in 1996 at Copley Square . All subsequent productions have taken place in Boston Common , first at the Parkman Bandstand and now at the Parade Ground . In addition to the annual Boston Common productions , CSC presents several free play-reading events during the year : Theatre in the Rough , Shakespeare and Law , as well as Shakespeare and Leadership . CSC has actor-training programs for both high school students and pre-professional actors with its Summer Academy . Throughout the year , CSC partners with area high schools and Boys & Girls Clubs to provide in and after-school theater activities to inner-city youth . In 2013 , CSC became the theatre in residence at Babson College .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d37de807d9b2059ff95869145b407f9c", "text": "Theatre Tulsa Theatre Tulsa , Inc. is a community theatre company in Tulsa , Oklahoma , USA . Theatre Tulsa , the longest running community theatre west of the Mississippi and seventh in the nation , has had a prosperous but sometimes difficult history . The theatre has survived multiple wars , fires , and economic depressions . Theatre Tulsa started as a small community theatre that played shows in a tent , and grew to the largest community theatre in the nation in the 1970s , followed by years of decline and a recent re-invigoration that includes the new creation of a Broadway Series main stage season , a Next Stage series season composed of new works , and a Family Series season for children , families , and arts education programming . Tulsa Little Theatre was incorporated December . 10 , 1922 by Mrs. Bonnie Reed and Mrs. Hope Holway . Despite the Great Depression , the group managed to raise money to build a theater which was christened with a performance of The Cradle Song in February 1932 . Two years later , the group incorporated as Tulsa Little Theatre . Struggling through the next few years , the theater survived a threatened bank foreclosure in 1935 after a number of donors stepped in , and in 1940 the theater paid off its mortgage . During World War II , it produced shows for military camps and veterans ' hospitals . Tulsa Little Little Theatre prospered , and by 1959 was the largest non-professional theater company in the country . In 1964 , its membership was 8,000 strong . By 1972 it had the largest community theater membership in the nation and had counted 1.5 million members over the past 50 years . In 1974 Tulsa Little Theatre changed its name to Theatre Tulsa , Inc. . Theatre Tulsa remains active today producing 10 productions a year that include modern and classic dramas , comedies , and musicals . Theatre Tulsa has had many firsts ; it was the first community theater in the country to premiere Our Town ( 1939 ) and All My Sons ( 1947 ) ; the musical Brownstone ( 1985 ) ; `` Miracle on 34th Street : A Musical Adaptation '' ( a 1993 original musical written for Theatre Tulsa ) ; `` I Love You , You 're Perfect , Now Change '' ( 2003 ) ; and the first American production of Pitmen Painters ( 2011 ) . Theatre Tulsa 's production of Forever Plaid sold out more than 400 shows in 1995 and 1996 . Some noted performers , including Jeanne Tripplehorn , Kristin Chenoweth and Sam Harris , received their first stage experience with Theatre Tulsa .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c7dc8ea7d28d3d3a1f568957b67cd26e", "text": "List of Broom Street Theater Theatrical Productions", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7ddc9ab58b801f6f8eb3bd4fe0761f9b", "text": "Real Circumstance Theatre Company Real Circumstance Theatre Company is a not-for-profit theatre company based in Essex that delivers work nationally and internationally . Real Circumstance develops and produces new plays by emergent writers , and plays generated by the Company through improvisation . Real Circumstance is run by Artistic Director Dan Sherer and Creative Producer Anna Bewick . Actors that Real Circumstance has worked with include Keeley Forsyth , Lawrence Werber , Ben Caplan , Jot Davies , Tamsin Joanna Kennard , Toby Sawyer , Kate Donmall , and Caroline Williams .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6943c364a7a205617777ba8b55c755cf", "text": "Rookery Nook (1953 TV drama) Rookery Nook was a 1953 British live television production of the comedy play by Ben Travers broadcast on 23 May 1953 . Featuring in this version were Peter Cushing , David Stoll and Lally Bowers . It was based on Travers ' play Rookery Nook , one of the Aldwych Farces , and is believed not to have telerecorded as it was transmitted and is therefore lost .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "424c127a7e521f7f5b0d32766e95011e", "text": "Ben Power Ben Power is a British dramaturg and playwright . Since 2010 he has been an associate director of the National Theatre . He studied English at Cambridge University . He often collaborates with Rupert Goold and his Headlong company . He was dramaturg and Literary Associate on A Disappearing Number for Complicite , which won the 2007 Evening Standard , Critics ' Circle and Olivier awards for Best Play . In 2011 he wrote the adaptation of Henrik Ibsen 's epic Emperor and Galiean for the National Theatre . He also participated that year in the Bush Theatre 's project Sixty Six Books , for which he wrote a piece based on a book of the King James Bible . Since it opened in 2013 he has overseen the National Theatre 's temporary space , The Shed . His new version of Euripides ' Medea , starring Helen McCrory in the eponymous role , ran at the National Theatre from July to September 2014 . In 2015 he was appointed deputy artistic director of the National Theatre ; the role had not previously existed . Since that appointment he has condensed three works by D. H. Lawrence into a single play , presented as Husbands and Sons in the National 's Dorfman theatre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "65f7fe19ad2334a267b21b6eb585942c", "text": "Thirty-Minute Theatre Thirty-Minute Theatre is an anthology drama series of short plays shown on BBC Television between 1965 and 1973 , which was used in part at least as a training ground for new writers , on account of its short running length , and which therefore attracted many writers who later became well known . It was initially produced by Graeme MacDonald . Thirty-Minute Theatre began on BBC2 in 1965 with an adaptation of the black comedy Parson 's Pleasure ( author , Roald Dahl ) . Dennis Potter contributed Emergency -- Ward 9 ( 1966 ) , which he partially recycled in the much later The Singing Detective ( 1986 ) . In 1967 BBC2 launched the UK 's first colour service , with the consequence that Thirty-Minute Theatre became the first drama series in the country to be shown in colour . As well as single plays , the series showed several linked collections of plays , including a group of four plays by John Mortimer named after areas of London in 1972 , two three-part Inspector Waugh series starring Clive Swift in the title role , and a trilogy of plays by Jean Benedetti , broadcast in 1969 , focusing on infamous historical figures such as Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin . Other plays were broadcast by writers like Charlotte and Denis Plimmer ( The Chequers Manoeuvre , 1968 ) , David Rudkin ( Bypass , 1972 , and Atrocity , 1973 ) and Jack Rosenthal ( And For my Next Trick , 1972 ) . Thirty-Minute Theatre was cancelled in August 1973 . Second City Firsts , also of 30 minutes duration , fulfilled much the same role .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "19b190bce3bb86f308a7f7343a099710", "text": "Industrial musical An industrial musical is a musical performed internally for the employees or shareholders of a business , to create a feeling of being part of a team , to entertain , and/or to educate and motivate the management and salespeople to improve sales and profit . It can be used to increase staff awareness of public relations , advertising , marketing or corporate image . Other terms for industrial musicals include the corporate musical or industrial show , but the latter can also refer to trade shows , which are publicity events organized by businesses in a specific industry to promote their products to potential buyers . Industrial musicals are not restricted to corporations or to businesses involved in industry . They should not be confused with industrial music , or with musicals produced by businesses to be seen by the general public , for example , Disney 's stage production of The Lion King .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9b41f99cde0b5e62d973e041813ea211", "text": "Rysher Entertainment Rysher Entertainment was the owner of television and film programming content , primarily distributed around the world by CBS Television Distribution and Paramount Pictures . Select rights are also distributed by Warner Bros. , Universal , Lionsgate , Fox , Columbia Pictures , MGM and other entertainment distribution companies worldwide . The company has its roots in Bing Crosby Productions ( `` BCP '' ) . Its namesake , actor-singer Bing Crosby , founded BCP in 1949 , and was best known for producing the sitcom Hogan 's Heroes and the medical drama Ben Casey -- in succeeding years , BCP was acquired by Cox Broadcasting . In 1993 , Cox acquired Rysher Entertainment . Rysher , founded in April 1991 by Keith Samples , had been established as an independently owned company whose original sole product had been the distribution of NBC 's series Saved By The Bell . In 1993 , and later distribution of another NBC series California Dreams in 1994 , Rysher merged with Al Masini 's Television Program Enterprises to form Rysher TPE , its alternate name used from 1993 to 1995 . Through Rysher TPE , they produced and distributed shows such as Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous ( renamed Lifestyles with Robin Leach and Shari Belafonte for its final season ) and Star Search . Later , they produced and distributed George & Alana , which ran for one season in 1995 . The company was shut down in 1999 and the library was acquired by Viacom who folded it into both the film and television division of Paramount . Rysher 's library , today distributed by CBS Television Distribution ( CTD ) and Paramount Pictures ( for TV series and films , respectively ) , includes television and feature film classics such as Hogan 's Heroes ( whose partial rights are held by CBS ) , Ben Casey , and Walking Tall , as well as more recent programs and films including Nash Bridges ( 1999 -- 2001 episodes are produced by Paramount Network Television ) , Highlander : The Series , The Opposite of Sex ( with Sony Pictures Classics ) , Kingpin and Big Night . Rysher also distributes internationally through CTD several of HBO 's award-winning titles including Arli $ $ , Oz and Sex and the City . Rysher also produced House Arrest and Zeus and Roxanne , both of which were released by MGM and distributed by HBO Home Video for home release .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33df8cdbcd549d4a5e96a40a8cd8d3c5", "text": "Theatre World Theatre World is the only ( first published in 1945 ) , comprehensive , annual pictorial and statistical record of American theatre in print publication , including Broadway , Off-Broadway , Off-Off-Broadway , and regional theatre , as well as a complete national theatrical awards section and obituaries . Including over 750 photographs , it is the definitive pictorial and statistical reference to each American theatrical season , and is referenced daily by industry professionals , students , historians , and theatre fans worldwide . Until 1998 , the Theatre World editorial staff administered the Theatre World Awards for Outstanding Broadway and off-Broadway debuts . First under the supervision of Theatre World founder Daniel Blum and then under John Willis , who took over the production of the Awards following Blum 's death in 1964 , the Theatre World Awards were first given to those recipients considered `` Promising Personalities . '' In 1998 , the Theatre World Awards were incorporated as a 501 ( c ) 3 nonprofit organization and are currently overseen by a board of directors independent of `` Theatre World . '' Theatre World is the recipient of a 2001 Tony Honor for Excellence in Theatre , presented by the American Theatre Wing , and on behalf of the publication , longtime editor-in-chief John Willis ( 1916-2010 ) accepted honors including the first Special Lucille Lortel Award , a Special Drama Desk Award , and the Broadway Theatre Institute ( now The Theatre Museum ) Lifetime Achievement Award . Theatre World is published annually by Theatre World Media and distributed by Applause Theatre and Cinema Books . The permanent editorial staff currently consists of Ben Hodges , editor in chief , and coeditor Scott Denny . Current editorial staff includes Adam Feldman of Time Out New York ( Broadway ) , Linda Buchwald TDF Stages ( Off-Broadway ) , Shay Gines New York Innovative Theatre Awards ( Off-Off-Broadway ) , and Diep Tran American Theatre Magazine ( Regional theatre ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2227ab834f2434a56ea7f9dd5140e677", "text": "Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Musical The Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Musical is an annual award presented by The Society of London Theatre in recognition of achievements in commercial British theatre . The awards were established as the Society of West End Theatre Awards in 1976 , and , renamed in 1984 in honour of English actor Lord Olivier .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "812513f9570ffa2bc42002c3196aef03", "text": "Whole World Theatre The Whole World Theatre is an improvisational theatre located in Atlanta , Georgia . Whole World Theatre ( WWT ) is a non-profit theatre company that began in Atlanta , Georgia in late 1993 , when David Webster began teaching a group of student actors whom he would train to become the hottest improv company in town . Jennifer Horne and David Webster were co-founding members . The original students of Whole World Theatre performed their first show in front of 25 people in September 1994 . Specializing in experiential improv and unconventional scripted works , and using a unique approach to improv , which put more emphasis on acting , character and atmosphere than on cheap laughs , Webster wrote and directed original ground breaking pieces such as , Blood Bath Bingo and Pimps , Queens , and Dope Fiends . Webster also produced scripted works included , Balm in Gillead , Bitches , Women Behind Bars , Four Dogs and a Bone and The House of Yes , among many others . In June 1995 , Jennifer Horne and David Webster spent their honeymoon money to open Whole World Theatre at their current location at 1214 Spring Street in mid-town Atlanta . As their popularity grew , the cast of Whole World Theatre were given the opportunity to produce their live improv comedy show for television when Webster sold the show to television . `` Whole World Comedy '' - Whole World 's premier TV show - helped to launch the southern based Turner South Network . David Webster taught every actor at Whole World Theater until 2001 . He wrote , directed and emceed every show for over 1000 shows . He won several awards including an Emmy award for writing . In 2003 Managing Director , Emily Reily Russell , created a youth summer camp program and an improvisational acting program for teens and young adults at Whole World Theatre that still exists to this day . Many of the graduates of this program have entered the `` Performance Ready Group '' that hosts a more family oriented show the first Saturday of every month November through May . The Performance Ready Group is directed and mentored by Assistant Artistic Director , Eric Goins . Russell , in conjunction with Callanwolde Fine Arts Center and The Starlight Starbright Foundation has also created `` Improv in Dialysis . '' Providing monthly improvisational acting workshops to patients and their families at Egleston Children 's Hospital in Atlanta . Lance Krall , one of Webster 's original students , eventually moved to Hollywood and went on to produce his own television show , The Lance Krall Show , which aired Spike TV , and Free Radio , which aired on Vh1 . Lance has hired several alumni from Whole World Theatre to guest star in his projects . In 2004 , Webster moved on to write and direct independent movies and Jennifer Horne moved on to begin her own improv troupe in Charlottesville , Va. . That same year , a complete change in management occurred at Whole World Theatre . In 2004 , Chip Powell became Artistic Director of Whole World Theatre . The Company continues to perform improv shows and remains one of Atlanta 's most successful theater companies . Under Powell 's leadership the company has produced Improv in the Park : an annual free improv show in Atlanta 's Piedmont Park and Central Park at Atlantic Station . Improv in the Park was voted `` Best Outdoor Event '' by Creative Loafing . Powell also went on to launch Whole World 's 3rd Space Theatre by Producing and Directing scripted works such as Sordid Lives and Southern Baptist Sissies by Del Shores . In 2005 , the theatre started a television show for a network called MAV TV and is currently broadcast in over 200,000 homes across the U.S. . The show features Whole World 's Improv Comedy and is geared towards a more mature audience . Official Website Category : Theatres in Atlanta", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f7edf40c04c99285584ae7f393107489", "text": "English Shakespeare Company The English Shakespeare Company was an English theatre company founded in 1986 by Michael Bogdanov and Michael Pennington to present and promote the works of William Shakespeare on both a national and an international level . Its inaugural production ( 1986 ) was an anthology entitled The Henrys ( Henry IV , Part 1 , Henry IV , Part 2 , and Henry V ) which opened at the Theatre Royal , Plymouth in December 1986 . A year later , several more plays ( Richard II , Henry VI : House of Lancaster , Henry VI : House of York and Richard III ) were added to the original productions and were presented as a complete history cycle under the title of The Wars of the Roses . The production toured for two years in seventeen venues in the UK including the Old Vic in London , as well as appearing at several international venues , including the Hong Kong Festival , opening the new Tokyo Globe Theatre , being the centrepiece of The World Theatre Festival of Chicago , and touring to Stamford , Connecticut , the Spoleto Festival , Melbourne , the Adelaide Festival , Brisbane , The Netherlands , Hamburg , Berlin and Frankfurt . In addition to The Wars of the Roses , productions of many individual Shakespeare plays were also presented . They included Twelfth Night , Macbeth , The Tempest , Romeo & Juliet , Antony and Cleopatra and As You Like It . The last production of ROMEO AND JULIET . indeed the closing production ended in Plymouth after touring the world .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "77df402edef0ce762f50f2f0f4693ca2", "text": "Telangana Telangana ( t ) is one of the 29 states in India , located in southern India . Formed in June 2014 as the youngest state in India , from the northwestern part of the Joint State of Andhra Pradesh , Telangana has an area of 112077 km2 , and a population of 35,193,978 ( 2011 census ) . It is the twelfth largest state in India , and the twelfth most populated state in India . Its major cities include Hyderabad , Warangal , Khammam , Karimnagar and Nizamabad . Telangana is bordered by the states of Maharashtra to the north and north west , Chhattisgarh to the north , Karnataka to the west and Andhra Pradesh to the east and south . Telangana had a history as the Telugu-speaking region of the princely state of Hyderabad , ruled by the Nizam of Hyderabad . It joined the Union of India in 1948 . In 1956 , the Hyderabad state was dissolved as part of the linguistic reorganisation of states and Telangana was merged with former Andhra State to form Andhra Pradesh . Following a movement for separation , Telangana was awarded separate statehood on 2 June 2014 . Hyderabad will continue to serve as the joint capital city for Andhra Pradesh and Telangana for no more than ten years .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "e8f51059f703b2dcc1d717ed6b014323", "text": "Naspur Naspur is a census town and is a Village and mandalin Mancherial district ( Old Adilabad District ) of the Indian state of Telangana .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2bf16936926a7a6db1efb21ed787df32", "text": "Nizam (title) Nizam was the title of the sovereign of Hyderabad State and other Indian States . These rulers ruled under the kingship of Mughals . After Mughals British rulers let them continue in English rule .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3b312e7e36c6abd47d20a2fb5d713b98", "text": "Kothapally, Nizamabad Kothapally is a village in the Mupkal Mandal in the Nizamabad ( Indhooru ) District in the State of Telangana in India . There are 709 households and 2,661 population is there in village as per 2011 Census , in that 1,230 are male and 1,431 are female . The area of the village is about 8 km ² including agricultural land . Godavari river is 4 km from the village . Mupkal , Nalloor , Mendora , Nagampet , Renjarla , Vannel-B and Vempalli are the names of nearby villages .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "716a44bed3441ee253338906713841ab", "text": "Osmanabad Osmanabad ( transliterated in Marathi as Usmanabad ) is a city and a municipal council in Osmanabad district in the Indian state of Maharashtra . Osmanabad derives its name from the last ruler of Hyderabad - H.E.H Mir Osman Ali Khan", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c9290469b5d89a030d7191f52a8d914a", "text": "Koti, Hyderabad Koti is one of the best-known commercial suburbs of Hyderabad , the capital city of Telangana , India . There are two areas in the vicinity called King Koti and Ram Koti .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f661ff2dc6b1e85d0f2793c514e993c4", "text": "National Highway 63 (India) National Highway 63 ( NH 63 ) ( previously National Highway 16 ) , is a National Highway in India , total length 860 km that connects Nizamabad in Telangana and Jagdalpur in Chhattisgarh . It passes through the states of Telangana , Maharashtra and Chhattisgarh .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ebda7f66131d48671e0b8a764005273", "text": "August 2007 Hyderabad bombings The Hyderabad bombings refers to the incident in which two bombs exploded almost simultaneously on 25 August 2007 in Hyderabad , capital of the Indian state of Telangana . The first bomb exploded in Lumbini Amusement Park at 19:45 hrs IST . The second bomb exploded five minutes later at 19:50 in Gokul Chat Bhandar , a popular restaurant about 5 kilometres ( 3 mi ) away . At least 42 people were reported to have died in the two bombings . Two more bombs were defused in other parts of the city . According to initial reports , the banned Harkat-ul-Jihad-al-Islami militant outfit of Bangladesh is suspected for the serial blasts .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6bb5af9076508f4421e39eb79aa3bdf6", "text": "Narayanapur, Nalgonda district Narayanapur is a Mandal in Bhuvanagiri district of Telangana State , India . Narayanapur Mandal Headquarters is Narayanapur town . It belongs to Telangana region . It is located 39 km towards west from District headquarters Bhongir . Narayanapur Mandal is bounded by Choutuppal Mandal towards North , Manchal Mandal towards west , Pochampally Mandal towards North , Munugode Mandal towards East . Bhongiri City , Hyderabad City , Devarakonda City , Jangaon City are the nearby Cities to Narayanapur . Narayanapur consist of 77 Villages and 14 Panchayats . Kothulapuram is the smallest Village and Narayanapur is the biggest Village . It is in the 322 m elevation ( altitude ) . This Place is in the border of the Nalgonda District and Rangareddi District . Rangareddi District Manchal is west towards this place . Hyderabad , Nagarjunsagar , Nagarjunakonda ( Nagarjuna Sagar Dam ) , Medak , Warangal ( Orugallu ) are the nearby important tourist destinations to see .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a37244eb33c70eea86fb3ee8f6ca7b72", "text": "Secunderabad-Nanded Express The Secunderabad-Nanded Express is a passenger rail service that operates between the cities of Secunderabad in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh and Nanded in the Indian state of Maharashtra . It is operated by the South Central Railway region of the Indian Railways . The service lists under the Nanded division of the South Central Railway and was restarted in early 2006 after the complete conversion of the Nanded division from metre gauge to broad gauge . This is a daily service .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "97d4f4b6fb4d50673935f0776eb3f8de", "text": "Medipally Medipally is a suburb in the Medchal Malkajgiri district of the Indian state of Telangana . It is the mandal headquarters of Medipally mandal in Keesara revenue division . It also a part of Hyderabad Metropolitan Development Authority .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "9ce1b45257903e62fc6990a01fb7af99", "text": "Saidabad (disambiguation) Saidabad is a city in Hyderabad , India . Saidabad or Saiyidabad may also refer to :", "title": "" }, { "docid": "076ac0b20d50d5be0b2c7847da960b2d", "text": "Gudivada Gudivada is a city in Krishna district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh . It is a municipality and the headquarters of Gudivada mandal in Gudivada revenue division . It is one of the cities in the state to be a part of Andhra Pradesh Capital Region . It is Twenty sixth most populous city in the state with a population of 118,167 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "eaeb217d6d9377ea9147db33fb20422e", "text": "Bejjur Bejjur is a village and a Mandal in Asifabad district in the state of Telangana in India .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e75c3a6f4ac92144e560310584826fa", "text": "Husnabad Husnabad is a town in Siddipet district of the Indian state of Telangana . It was a part of the Karimnagar district before re-organisation of districts in the state . It is located in Husnabad mandal . It is at the crossroads of major towns like Warangal on one side and Siddipet on the other side.And also other side Karimnagar and Jangaon . A local stream named Yellamma Cheruvu runs through it which is the source of the supply of tap-water to the townsfolk .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "633d364734ea8557d9762d7c5a4b7f52", "text": "Medak Fort Medak Fort is situated in Medak district in the Indian state of Telangana , about 100 kilometres from the state capital , Hyderabad . The fort lies to the north of the city and can be reached by road and rail . It is a citadel built on a hillock that provided as a vantage point for the Kakatiyan rulers in ancient India . The fort was built sometime around the 12th century and during the reign of the Kakatiyan ruler , Pratapa Rudra and was called Methuku durgam , meaning cooked rice in Telugu . It was a command post of the Kakatians and later for Qutb Shahis . The fort has great historical and architectural importance in Telangana . Within the fort is a 17th-century Mosque built by the Qutub Shahis , granaries and remains of grand houses . It has three main entrances , the `` Prathama Dwaram '' , the `` Simha Dwaram '' that has two snarling lions at the top of the entrance and the `` Gaja Dwaram '' , or Elephant 's Entrance that has a sculpture of two elephants interlocked on both sides of the entrance . The main entrance proudly displays the double-headed `` Gandabherundam '' of the Kakatiyas . The wood used as a support for the stable roof ( Terminalia paniculata ) can still be seen there . At the fort one can see a 17th-century cannon that is 3.2 metres long . The cannon has a trident etched on it . This fortress uses the natural topography to the maximum advantage with the rocky face offering it natural defences . The water to the fort was provided via a pipeline . Now , there is not much left to see , but as it stands on a hillock , it offers a good view of the district .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "99341bbea57bc51596768b17ecbd60d9", "text": "Noida Noida , short for the New Okhla Industrial Development Authority ( Hindi : ' नवीन ओखला औद्योगिक विकास प्राधिकरण ' ) , is a systematically planned Indian city under the management of the New Okhla Industrial Development Authority ( also called NOIDA ) . It is part of National Capital Region of India . Noida came into administrative existence on 17 April 1976 and celebrates 17 April as `` Noida Day '' . It was set up as part of an urbanisation thrust during the controversial Emergency period ( 1975 -- 1977 ) . The city was created under the UP Industrial Area Development Act by the initiatives of Sanjay Gandhi . The city has the highest per capita income in the whole National Capital Region . The Noida Authority is among the richest civic bodies in the country . As per provisional reports of Census India , the population of Noida in 2011 is 642,381 ; of which male and female are 352,577 and 289,804 respectively . Roads in Noida are lined by trees and it is considered to be India 's greenest city with about 50 % green cover , the highest of any city in India . Noida is located in Gautam Buddh Nagar district of Uttar Pradesh state . The district 's administrative headquarters are in the nearby town of Greater Noida . However , the district 's highest government official , the District Magistrate ( DM ) , has its official camp office in Noida Sector-27 . The city is a part of the Noida Vidhan Sabha ( state assembly ) constituency and Gautam Buddha Nagar ( Lok Sabha constituency ) . Minister of State for Culture , Tourism of Civil Aviation Mahesh Sharma of the BJP is the current MP of Noida . The current MLA is Pankaj Singh ( politician ) . Noida was ranked as the Best City in Uttar Pradesh and the Best City in Housing in all of India in awards conducted by abp news in 2015 ( Best City Awards 2015 ) , Noida replaced Mumbai as the second-best realty destination , according to an analyst report . Noida has emerged as a hot spot for IT and IT-enabled services industry with many large companies setting up their businesses here . It is becoming the preferred destination for companies offering IT , ITeS , BPO , BTO and KPO services in various domains such as banking , financial services , insurance , pharma , auto , fast-moving consumer goods and manufacturing . According to a study by Assocham the major advantages include an excellent power supply , a salubrious climate eminently suited to information technology ( IT ) industries , a capability to increase the pool of skilled manpower , the availability of engineering colleges and other educational institutions , the low cost of setting up an IT unit as well as low recurring costs ( including cost of living ) .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "73b6789c0715beb780bd4ad20a3021c6", "text": "Putlibowli Putlibowli is one of the suburbs in Nampally , Hyderabad , India . It is connected to the old city of Hyderabad .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "92c47ce44d5582dfa8f6b7cdca404426", "text": "Nayapul Nayapul ( meaning ` new bridge ' ) is a suburb of Hyderabad , Telangana , India . It gets it name from the bridge that was built during the time of the Nizams called as Nayapul because there was already another bridge called Puaranapul .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "378973e42ca7a436e8fb514a4aba379b", "text": "Sadasivpet Sadasivpet is a town in sangareddy district of the Indian country of Telangana state .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5e46230f73e002348509b73bc8df290d", "text": "Jubilee Hills Jubilee Hills is a posh suburban neighbourhood in west Hyderabad , Telangana . It is one of the most expensive commercial and residential locations in India with prime land prices fetching up to 200,000 ( USD 4,000 ) per square yard . A 6 acre tract of land in the city was sold for nearly 3,340,000,000 ( USD 66,800,000 ) in 2005 . Rental prices on Road Numbers 36 and 37 range from 100-200 rupees per square foot , among the top commercial rental locales in India . This suburb is sandwiched between the wealthy commercial district of Banjara Hills and is located within two kilometers of the Hyderbad 's IT central hub of HITEC City . The natural terrain is mostly rocky and settlements here are of relatively new construction . To its south-east is the KBR National Park , the erstwhile Chiran palace , which is one of the largest urban national parks in India covering an area of 1.58 km ² .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "781f56ce7d1169a22e917800e6d73378", "text": "Rod Serling Rodman Edward `` Rod '' Serling ( December 25 , 1924 -- June 28 , 1975 ) was an American screenwriter , playwright , television producer , and narrator known for his live television dramas of the 1950s and his science-fiction anthology TV series , The Twilight Zone . Serling was active in politics , both on and off the screen , and helped form television industry standards . He was known as the `` angry young man '' of Hollywood , clashing with television executives and sponsors over a wide range of issues including censorship , racism , and war .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "ca9cfdd486d3e435828657567c286f32", "text": "Rage (King novel) Rage ( written as Getting It On ; the title was changed before publication ) is the first novel by Stephen King published under the pseudonym Richard Bachman . It was first published in 1977 and then was collected in 1985 in the hardcover omnibus The Bachman Books . The novel describes a school shooting , and has been associated with actual high school shooting incidents in the 1980s and 1990s . In response King allowed the novel to fall out of print , and in 2013 he published a non-fiction , anti-firearms violence essay titled `` Guns '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "b9fa4abbec4c7f507ea56f591ffb8ddc", "text": "Congressional office buildings The congressional office buildings are the office buildings used by the United States Congress to augment the limited space in the United States Capitol . The congressional office buildings are part of the Capitol Complex are thus under the authority of the Architect of the Capitol and protected by the United States Capitol Police . The office buildings house the individual offices of each U.S. Representative and Senator as well as committee hearing rooms , staff rooms , multiple cafeterias , and areas for support , committee , and maintenance staff . The congressional office buildings are connected to the Capitol by means of several underground trains -- the Capitol Subway System . Congressional pages are responsible for carrying packages and messages from the two chambers to the buildings . The three Senate office buildings are along Constitution Avenue north of the Capitol : Russell Senate Office Building ( RSOB , completed 1908 ) Dirksen Senate Office Building ( DSOB , completed 1958 ) Hart Senate Office Building ( HSOB , completed 1982 ) The three House office buildings are along Independence Avenue south of the Capitol : Cannon House Office Building ( CHOB , completed 1908 ) Longworth House Office Building ( LHOB , completed 1933 ) Rayburn House Office Building ( RHOB , completed 1965 ) A fourth building , the Ford House Office Building , which used to house the FBI 's fingerprint records , sits a few blocks southwest of the others . A fifth building , the O'Neill House Office Building ( previously known as `` House Annex-1 '' ) was named after former Speaker of the House Thomas `` Tip '' O'Neill . It was demolished in 2002 . The U.S. Capitol Complex also includes a Page Residence Hall and the Capitol Power Plant , both on the House side of the Capitol .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "87fcb761513f7118bc6c3c58998da44e", "text": "Jerry Flint Jerry Flint ( June 20 , 1931 -- August 7 , 2010 ) was a senior automotive editor for Forbes magazine , continuing as a columnist his official retirement in 1996 until his death . Flint also wrote articles for a variety of media , including Ward 's AutoWorld , with whom he continued until his death , from a stroke on August 7 , 2010 . He was sometimes known as `` The Senator , '' and often as the dean of automotive journalism , one of the few in the media whom even senior-level industry leaders would seek out -- which often meant listening to Flint tell them how little they knew , or much they had gotten wrong . That was never more apparent than when he addressed a group of General Motors managers , in early 2001 . `` GM executives , '' he declared , `` do n't seem to understand that the art of the auto business is building desirable vehicles , not killing models and closing plants . '' Nearly a decade before the giant automaker , long the world 's largest , went bankrupt , Flint told them , `` You are badly led , with an organization that does n't work . '' Of Polish Jewish descent , Flint was born in a working-class neighborhood , in Detroit , on June 20 , 1931 , a time when the Great Depression had sunk so deep he and family would walk miles to the Fisher Theater , for a film , hoping to save a few nickels on streetcar fares . He was educated at what was then Detroit 's city college but is now Wayne State University . He finally saw the world beyond as an Army intelligence officer , stationed in Herzogenaurach , Germany , starting in 1953 . Upon his return , Flint entered journalism . By 1958 he was working first in Chicago and then Detroit for the Wall Street Journal . In 1967 he went to work for the New York Times in Detroit and became Detroit Bureau Chief . He moved to New York with the Times and remained there until 1979 , when he moved to Forbes as Washington Bureau Chief . Flint returned to New York with Forbes and again covered the auto industry . Retiring from Forbes editorial staff in 1996 , at the age of 65 , he continued as a columnist ( Backseat Driver ) and contributor until his death on August 7 , 2010 . Flint won the Loeb Award for business and financial reporting , in 2003 , The Journal of Financial Reporting named him one 100 most prominent business reporters of the 20th century . Among the honors he was most proud of , however , was being chosen as one of the 40 finalists for NASA 's Journalist in Space program . The program was canceled following the explosion that destroyed the shuttle Challenger . Flint also served as President of the International Motor Press Association .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "96663296bc5309239249c7c25cdfb0bf", "text": "Servius Tullius Servius Tullius was the legendary sixth king of Rome , and the second of its Etruscan dynasty . He reigned 575 -- 535 BC . Roman and Greek sources describe his servile origins and later marriage to a daughter of Lucius Tarquinius Priscus , Rome 's first Etruscan king , who was assassinated in 579 BC . Servius is said to have been the first Roman king to accede without election by the Senate , having gained the throne by popular support ; and the first to be elected by the Senate alone , without reference to the people . Several traditions describe Servius ' father as divine . Livy depicts Servius ' mother as a captured Latin princess enslaved by the Romans ; her child is chosen as Rome 's future king after a ring of fire is seen around his head . The Emperor Claudius discounted such origins and described him as an originally Etruscan mercenary , named Mastarna , who fought for Caelius Vibenna . Servius was a popular king , and one of Rome 's most significant benefactors . He had military successes against Veii and the Etruscans , and expanded the city to include the Quirinal , Viminal and Esquiline hills . He is traditionally credited with the institution of the Compitalia festivals , the building of temples to Fortuna and Diana and , less plausibly , the invention of Rome 's first true coinage . Despite the opposition of Rome 's patricians , he expanded the Roman franchise and improved the lot and fortune of Rome 's lowest classes of citizens and non-citizens . According to Livy , he reigned for 44 years , until murdered by his daughter Tullia and son-in-law Tarquinius Superbus . In consequence of this `` tragic crime '' and his hubristic arrogance as king , Tarquinius was eventually removed . This cleared the way for the abolition of Rome 's monarchy and the founding of the Roman Republic , whose groundwork had already been laid by Servius ' reforms .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a9efc987f2f2d2731ef523e0cdc400b9", "text": "Salle du Manège The indoor riding academy called the Salle du Manège ( -LSB- sal dy manɛʒ -RSB- ) was the seat of deliberations during most of the French Revolution , from 1789 to 1798 . Before the revolution , the Salle du Manège ( `` Riding Hall '' ) , situated along the north end of the Tuileries Gardens to the west of the Tuileries Palace in Paris , was home to the royal equestrian academy . Built during the minority of Louis XV , when it lay conveniently close to the Regent 's Palais Royal , it was allowed to pass afterwards from hand to hand as the site of privately conducted riding schools , though it was never formally sold . On 9 November 1789 the National Constituent Assembly , formerly the Estates-General of 1789 , moved its deliberations from Versailles to the Tuileries in pursuit of Louis XVI of France and installed itself in the Salle du Manège on the palace grounds . Having nationalised the goods of the Church , the Assemblée nationale , requiring more space than the Manège alone could provide , extended its occupation to two adjacent convents , those of the Capuchins , which soon housed the Revolutionary printing presses in its former refectory , and of the Feuillants , whose handsome library received the archives of the Assemblée . The proportions of the Salle du Manège , ten times as long as it was wide , offered poor acoustics for the debates that went on continually under its high vaults . Six tiers of banquettes permitted space for the deputies , ranged on either side of the central tribune , initially planned for the orators ' podium . Seated together for solidarity , the deputies seated themselves according to their political opinions , to right and to left of the president 's desk , The Mountain and the Girondins , with The Plain seated in the lowest rank of banquettes , from which they were wont to cross to the opposite side , as their opinions dictated . The public found places to witness the spectacle at either end of the hall and in the loge seats above . In 1792 the Salle du Manège became the venue for the National Convention . In 1795 under the French Directory , the Council of 500 sat in the structure until the body moved to the Palais-Bourbon in 1798 . In 1799 , the Jacobin Club du Manège had its headquarters there . It would seem that 19th century references to the art of `` manège , '' to describe a style of equestrian riding , derive from here . A March 1847 edition of The Illustrated London News described a performance of Pablo Fanque , the 19th century equestrian and circus performer thus : `` This extraordinary feat of the manège has proved very attractive , as we anticipated in our Journal of last week ; and we have judged the success worthy of graphic commemoration ... '' Further , the paper said , `` Mr. Pablo has trained his black mare to do the most extraordinary feats of the manege , an art hitherto considered to belong only to the French and German professors of equitation , and her style certainly far exceeds anything that has ever yet been brought from the Continent . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7b8dfad630410b165b1c2c176cdb8fcb", "text": "The Spitting Image The Spitting Image : Myth , Memory and the Legacy of Vietnam ( 1998 ) is a book by Vietnam veteran and Sociology professor Jerry Lembcke . The book is an analysis of the widely believed , but historically inaccurate , urban legend that American soldiers were spat upon and insulted by antiwar protesters upon returning home from the Vietnam War . The book examines the origin of the earliest stories ; the popularization of the `` spat-upon image '' through Hollywood movies and fiction literature , and the role of print news media in perpetuating the now iconic image through which the history of the war and antiwar movement has come to be represented . Lembcke contrasts the absence of credible evidence of spitting by antiwar activists with the large body of evidence showing a mutually supportive , empathetic relationship between veterans and antiwar forces . The book documents the efforts of the Nixon Administration to drive a wedge between military servicemen and the antiwar movement by portraying democratic dissent as betrayal of the troops , effectively redirecting blame for failure in Vietnam onto protesters . Coupled with American society 's exaggeration of medical conditions like posttraumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ) and drug abuse among veterans to the point of broadly vilifying the Vietnam veteran as mentally unfit , emotionally volatile and a `` loser '' and `` victim '' , the collective memory about Vietnam has been refocused onto the veteran and away from the war . Lembcke equates this disparagement of the antiwar movement and veterans with the similar ` stab in the back ' myths propagated by Germany and France after their war defeats , as an alibi for why they lost the war . Lembcke details the resurrection of this myth of the spat-upon veteran by later administrations during subsequent Gulf War efforts as a way of silencing public dissent .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2039efe2d13b9d2b420524151fd916a7", "text": "Legislative violence Legislative violence broadly refers to any violent clashes between members of a legislature , often physically inside the legislature and triggered by divisive issues and tight votes . Such clashes have occurred in many countries across time , and notable incidents still regularly occur . Although the sight of brawling politicians is incongruous with a legislature 's stately image , its occupants , like in any other workplace , are still prone to stress and anger . The confrontational nature of politics and the high stakes often add to the simmering tensions .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "1e700a9680540bc1e0014e24e0e0d274", "text": "Hollywood blacklist The Hollywood blacklist -- as the broader entertainment industry blacklist is generally known -- was the practice of denying employment to screenwriters , actors , directors , musicians , and other American entertainment professionals during the mid-20th century because they were accused of having Communist ties or sympathies . Artists were barred from work on the basis of their alleged membership in or sympathy with the Communist Party USA or refusal to assist investigations into the party 's activities . Even during the period of its strictest enforcement , the late 1940s through the late 1950s , the blacklist was rarely made explicit or verifiable , but it directly damaged the careers of scores of individuals working in the film industry . The first systematic Hollywood blacklist was instituted on November 25 , 1947 , the day after ten writers and directors were cited for contempt of Congress for refusing to testify to the House Un-American Activities Committee . A group of studio executives , acting under the aegis of the Association of Motion Picture Producers , fired the artists -- the so-called Hollywood Ten -- and made what has become known as the Waldorf Statement . On June 22 , 1950 , a pamphlet entitled Red Channels was published . Focused on the field of broadcasting , it identified 151 entertainment industry professionals in the context of `` Red Fascists and their sympathizers . '' Soon , most of those named , along with a host of other artists , were barred from employment in most of the entertainment field . The blacklist lasted until 1960 , when Dalton Trumbo , a Communist Party member from 1943 to 1948 and member of the Hollywood Ten , was credited as the screenwriter of the highly successful film Exodus , and later publicly acknowledged by actor Kirk Douglas for writing the screenplay for the movie Spartacus . A number of those blacklisted , however , were still barred from work in their professions for years afterward .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c7221af57747b563bb624742d3eac370", "text": "Rod Blagojevich Rod Blagojevich ( -LSB- bləˈɡɔɪ.əvɪtʃ -RSB- , born December 10 , 1956 ) is an American politician and former professional boxer who served as the 40th Governor of Illinois from 2003 until his impeachment in 2009 . A Democrat , Blagojevich was a state representative before being elected to the United States House of Representatives representing parts of Chicago . He was elected governor in 2002 , the first Democrat to win the office since Dan Walker 's victory 30 years earlier . Blagojevich was impeached and removed from office for corruption ; he solicited bribes for political appointments , including Barack Obama 's vacant U.S. Senate seat after he was elected president in 2008 , and was convicted and sentenced to 14 years in federal prison .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cf30caeee151e95c62798a93683d3acd", "text": "We begin bombing in five minutes On August 11 , 1984 , United States President Ronald Reagan , while running for re-election , was preparing to make his weekly Saturday radio address on National Public Radio . During a sound check before the address , Reagan made the following joke to the radio technicians : `` My fellow Americans , I 'm pleased to tell you today that I 've signed legislation that will outlaw Russia forever . We begin bombing in five minutes . '' The joke was a parody of the opening line of that day 's speech : `` My fellow Americans , I 'm pleased to tell you that today I signed legislation that will allow student religious groups to begin enjoying a right they 've too long been denied -- the freedom to meet in public high schools during nonschool hours , just as other student groups are allowed to do . '' Contrary to popular misconception , this microphone gaffe was not broadcast over the air , but rather leaked later to the general populace . But the Tokyo newspaper Yomiuri Shimbun reported in October 1984 that the Soviet Far East Army was placed on alert after word of the statement got out and that the alert was not withdrawn until 30 minutes later . An unnamed aide to US Representative Michael Barnes ( D-Md . ) confirmed that the Pentagon was aware of the alert . There was no report of any change in the DEFCON level for the United States . The Soviet reaction , and mild confusion it created , was covered by NBC news anchor Tom Brokaw . This was not the first time Reagan had joked before giving a speech or address . The Soviet official news agency , TASS , condemned the joke , declaring that `` The USSR condemns this unprecedented and hostile attack by the US President '' and that `` this kind of behavior is incompatible with the great responsibility borne by heads of nuclear states for the destinies of their own people and mankind '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "334023e806946ea13029bda3fed2a3ae", "text": "The Selling of the President 1968 The Selling of the President 1968 is a non-fiction book written by American author Joe McGinniss and published by Trident Press in October , 1969 . The book describes the marketing of Richard Nixon during the 1968 presidential campaign . It has been described as `` a classic of political journalism '' and a `` classic of campaign reporting that first introduced many readers to the stage-managed world of political theater . '' It was reprinted in 1988 under the title The Selling of the President . McGinniss became an overnight success when the book , his first , landed on The New York Times bestseller list . He was 26 years old , making him the youngest living writer with that achievement . The book was on the New York Times non-fiction bestseller list for 31 weeks from October 1969 to May 1970 . The idea for the book came to McGinniss almost serendipitously : -LSB- He -RSB- stumbled across his book 's topic while taking a train to New York . A fellow commuter had just landed the Hubert Humphrey account and was boasting that ` in six weeks we 'll have him looking better than Abraham Lincoln . ' McGinniss tried to get access to Humphrey 's campaign first , but they turned him down . So he called up Nixon 's , and they said yes . '' . The book was very well received by both critics and the public . It `` spent more than six months on best-sellers lists , and McGinniss sold a lot of those books through television , appearing on the titular shows of Merv Griffin , David Frost and Dick Cavett , among others . '' Conservative writer William F. Buckley `` assumed McGinniss had relied on ` an elaborate deception which has brought joy and hope to the Nixon-haters . ' But even Buckley liked the book . '' In 1972 , the book was adapted into a short-lived Broadway musical .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f1011b51a4a3f1d2d2555b3e6c90ada5", "text": "Dick Young (sportswriter) Dick Young ( October 17 , 1917 -- August 30 , 1987 ) was a sportswriter best known for his direct and abrasive style , and his 45-year association with the New York Daily News . He was elected to the writers ' wing of the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1978 , and was a former president of the Baseball Writers ' Association of America . Young was the first sportswriter to treat the clubhouse as a central and necessary part of the sports `` beat '' , and his success at ferreting out scoops and insights from within the previously private sanctum of the team was influential and often imitated . The Boston Globe '' 's Bob Ryan said of Young , `` He 's the guy that broke ground , the guy who went into the locker room , and that changed everything . '' A self-professed Republican , Young sided frequently with owners of professional sports teams engaging in public contractual debates with players , most notoriously in 1977 when he described Mets ace pitcher Tom Seaver , a three-time Cy Young Award winner , as `` a pouting , griping , morale-breaking clubhouse lawyer . '' < Schoor , Gene . Seaver . Chicago : Contemporary Books Inc. , 1986 : 238 > In 2000 , Ira Berkow chose Young as one of the seven sportswriters who 'd made the greatest impact on their profession , along with Red Smith , Grantland Rice , Ring Lardner , Damon Runyon , Jimmy Cannon , and Jim Murray . According to Jack Ziegler in the Dictionary of Literary Biography , Young was a `` key transitional figure '' between the `` gentlemanly '' sports reporting of old-time writers like Grantland Rice and Arthur Daley . Upon his death , The New York Times described Young 's prose style : `` With all the subtlety of a knee in the groin , Dick Young made people gasp ... He could be vicious , ignorant , trivial and callous , but for many years he was the epitome of the brash , unyielding yet sentimental Damon Runyon sportswriter . '' Esquire Magazine called Young 's writing `` coarse and simpleminded , like a cave painting . But it is superbly crafted . '' Ross Wetzsteon wrote that Young had `` singlehandedly replaced the pompous poetry of the press box with the cynical poetry of the streets . '' In his book The Boys of Summer '' , Roger Kahn called Young `` spiky , self-educated , and New York . '' Characteristically , Young described his approach to sportswriting simply : `` Tell people what 's going on , and what you think is going on . Bread-and-butter stuff , meat-and-potato stuff . ''", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c0b323276c6f64434ae072eb1ca51ce6", "text": "Death row Death row is a special section of a prison in the United States that houses inmates who are awaiting execution after being sentenced to death for the conviction of a capital crime . The US is the only Western country that still applies the death penalty for capital crimes . Thirty-one of its 50 states and the federal government authorize this penalty . But by 2016 , sixteen of these states and the federal government had a formal or `` de facto '' moratorium , due in large part to questions about the death penalty itself or the use of lethal injection as a method of execution . `` Death row '' is a term also used figuratively to describe the state of awaiting execution ( `` being on death row '' ) , even in places where no special facility or separate unit for condemned inmates exists . After a person is found guilty of a capital offense , the judge will give the jury the option of imposing a death sentence or life imprisonment without the possibility of parole ( LWOP ) . It is up to a jury to decide whether to give the death sentence ; this usually has to be a unanimous decision . If sentenced to death , a convict will remain on death row during appeal and habeas corpus procedures , which can take years . Since 1973 and later , with an increasing number of persons being freed since 1993 , some 157 persons as of January 2017 have been exonerated on appeal and released from death row . Wrongful convictions have been proven based on DNA evidence , informants retracting testimony or being proven false , prosecutorial misconduct , racial bias in jury selection , and other constitutional issues .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6cce6768bd278865faf0ac7d5bcdc62d", "text": "Rodger Young Rodger Young may refer to : Rodger Wilton Young ( 1918 -- 1943 ) , American Medal of Honor recipient , subject of `` The Ballad of Rodger Young '' Rodger Young , a starship named for Rodger Wilton Young in the 1959 novel and 1997 film Starship Troopers Rodger Young Village , a public housing project in Southern California", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c4c7609f939afa1e742761f2448e22d1", "text": "Mr. Cranky Mr. Cranky , a satirical film critic , was created in 1995 by Jason Katzman and Hans Bjordahl . The Cranky personae premises that all movies are terrible ; at issue , solely , is the severity of pain , insult , discomfort or idiocy projected , injected , ingested , subjected or otherwise presented . There are no good films in the Cranky pantheon ; only films which inflict greater or lesser suffering . Subtextually , the Mr. Cranky website is a comment on an uncritical film-reviewing culture . In contrast to boilerplate , overly effusive reviews -- often including declarations that incorporate a film 's theme or title in a pun or play-on-words -- the Cranky review is received on the originality of its portrayal of physical suffering and mental anguish effected by the viewing experience . The movies are rated on a six-step scale , with the least bad ( i.e. best ) film receiving one `` bomb . '' Films that cause greater suffering receive additional `` bombs . '' ( Up to four . ) Movies deemed particularly offensive receive a Dynamite or `` Boomstick '' rating . The worst films ( i.e. those Cranky has marked as irredeemable -- `` Proof that Jesus died in vain '' in classic Cranky vernacular ) receive the Animated Atomic Explosion or `` Kaboom ! '' rating . In October 2001 , a `` guest reviewer '' named Mr. Smiley appeared . A post-modern reflection of the Cranky character 's anti-reviews , Mr. Smiley is a mirror opposite of the Mr. Cranky personae : all reviews are hyperbolically positive . Mr. Smiley is a stereotypical smiley face smelling a pink Freesia flower , appearing every year near Halloween . Consistent with the theme , the Smiley character has a rising five-step scale going from one smiley face to the `` Prozacerrific ! '' Happy Pill . Consistent with other 20th-century artists including the post World War I Dadaists ( Absurdists ) and post-modern anti-art of the 1960s -- best embodied by Warhol 's `` pop art '' works and Lichenstein 's self-portraits -- Mr. Smilely was an effective ironic tool used to comment on the deficiencies of uncritical analysis and review .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d7841c6ff75de25b25f73b25019c3116", "text": "New York State Capitol The New York State Capitol , the seat of New York State government , is located in Albany , the capital city of the U.S. state of New York . The capitol building is part of the Empire State Plaza complex on State Street in Capitol Park . Housing the New York State Legislature , the building was completed in 1899 at a cost of US$ 25 million ( equivalent to $ million in ) , making it the most expensive government building of its time . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971 , then included as a contributing property when the Lafayette Park Historic District was listed in 1978 . The New York State Capitol was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1979 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "e7cc63a4bf2ec25728bd758f09ad5238", "text": "Roman army mutiny in 342 BC Several ancient authors have written descriptions of a Roman army mutiny in 342 BC.The Romans customarily dated events by noting which consuls held office that year , the mutiny took place in the year in which Quintus Servilius Ahala , for the third time , and Gaius Marcius Rutilus , for the fourth time , were consuls . When converted to the western calendar using the traditional Varronian chronology this year becomes 342 BC . However modern historians have shown that the Varronian chronology dates the mutiny four years too early due to inclusion of unhistorical `` dictator years '' . Despite this known inaccuracy , the Varronian chronology remains in use by convention also in current academic literature . Forsythe ( 2005 ) , pp. 369-370 According to the most well-known version , the mutiny originated in a group of Roman garrison soldiers wintering in Campania to protect the cities there against the Samnites . Subverted by the luxurious living of the Campanians , these soldiers conspired to take over their host cities . When the conspiracy was discovered , the conspirators formed a rebel army and marched against Rome . They were met by an army commanded by Marcus Valerius Corvus who had been nominated dictator to solve the crisis . Rather than do battle , Corvus managed to end the mutiny by peaceful means . All the mutineers received amnesty for their part in the rebellion and a series of laws were passed to address their political grievances . All preserved accounts of the mutiny were however written several hundred years after the events they describe . Modern historians have found many elements in the classical accounts resembling the civil strife of the Late Republic which they consider anachronistic to the Roman Republic of the late 4th century BC . Some even believe the mutiny to be entirely invented by writers wishing to provide a context for the important political reforms they knew had been legislated in 342 BC .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "18e67f79d25620c7d7ec7f0a5769b1da", "text": "Mark Foley scandal The Mark Foley scandal , which broke in late September 2006 , centers on soliciting e-mails and sexually suggestive instant messages sent by Mark Foley , a Republican Congressman from Florida , to teenaged boys who had formerly served as congressional pages . Investigation was closed by the Florida Department of Law Enforcement ( FDLE ) on September 19 , 2008 citing insufficient evidence to pursue criminal charges as both `` Congress and Mr. Foley denied us access to critical data '' , said FDLE Commissioner Gerald Bailey . The scandal grew to encompass the response of Republican congressional leaders to previous complaints about Foley 's contacts with the pages and inconsistencies in the leaders ' public statements . There were also allegations that a second Republican Congressman , Jim Kolbe , had improper conduct with at least two youths , a 16-year-old page and a recently graduated page . The scandal led to Foley 's resignation from Congress on September 29 , 2006 . In some quarters , the scandal is believed to have contributed to the Republican Party 's loss of control over Congress in the November 7 , 2006 election , as well as the end of House Speaker Dennis Hastert 's leadership of the House Republicans . Kirk Fordham , chief of staff to Rep. Tom Reynolds and former chief of staff for Foley , also resigned as a result of the scandal . Newsweek 's June 7 , 2010 , issue 's BACK STORY listed Foley , among others , as a prominent conservative politician who had a record of anti-gay legislation and was later caught in a gay sex scandal . The questionable conversations , which took place between 1995 and 2005 , were investigated by the FBI for possible criminal violations . In September 2008 , Florida officials investigating Foley decided not to charge him , citing a lack of evidence and the expiration of the statute of limitations . The House Ethics Committee investigated the response of the House Republican leadership and their staff to earlier warnings about Foley 's conduct . In early October 2006 , two news organizations anonymously quoted former pages who said that they had sexual liaisons with Foley after turning 18 and 21 . Foley was chairman of the House Caucus on Missing and Exploited Children , which introduced legislation targeting sexual predators and created stricter guidelines for tracking them .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a17da1034b2f12c7e9de508cece0cd28", "text": "Early life and career of Gene Roddenberry Eugene Wesley `` Gene '' Roddenberry ( August 19 , 1921 -- October 24 , 1991 ) was an American television screenwriter , producer and futurist best remembered for creating the original Star Trek television series . He was born in El Paso , Texas , but grew up in Los Angeles , California where his father worked as a police officer . While at school , the young Roddenberry majored in police science and became interested in aeronautical engineering . He obtained a pilot 's license through the Civilian Pilot Training Program . Following his graduation , he signed up for the United States Army Air Corps and he enlisted after the attack on Pearl Harbor . He was commissioned on August 5 , 1942 , and was posted to the Pacific Theater of Operations where he joined the 394th Bomb Squadron , 5th Bombardment Group , of the Thirteenth Air Force . He flew Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress in an estimated 89 combat missions . After being rotated back to the United States he was promoted to Captain and became an air crash investigator . During his military career , he was involved in two plane crashes and was awarded both the Air Medal and the Distinguished Flying Cross . Once a civilian , he began to fly long-haul routes for Pan American World Airways . He was involved in a further crash in June 1947 , where the Clipper Eclipse crashed in the Syrian desert . After pulling injured passengers out of the burning plane , he led the party which sought help . After a further incident , he resigned from Pan-Am , seeking to write for television instead . However , he joined the Los Angeles Police Department , initially in the traffic division but transferred to the newspaper unit where he worked with Chief William H. Parker as a speech writer . He landed the role of technical adviser for a television version of Mr. District Attorney , which led to him writing scripts for the series under the pseudonym of `` Robert Wesley '' . This led to a series of collaborations with Ziv Television Programs , and he resigned from the police on June 7 , 1956 , in order to take up a writing position on the staff of The West Point Story .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "22bb41cde2b4874f6a216bce82c62b07", "text": "Dictator A dictator is a political leader who wields absolute power . A state ruled by a dictator is called a dictatorship . The word originated as the title of a magistrate in the Roman Republic appointed by the Senate to rule the republic in times of emergency ( see Roman dictator and justitium ) . Like the term `` tyrant '' ( which was originally a respectable Ancient Greek title ) , and to a lesser degree `` autocrat '' , `` dictator '' came to be used almost exclusively as a non-titular term for oppressive , even abusive rule , yet had rare modern titular use . In modern usage , the term `` dictator '' is generally used to describe a leader who holds and/or abuses an extraordinary amount of personal power , especially the power to make laws without effective restraint by a legislative assembly . Dictatorships are often characterised by some of the following traits : suspension of elections and of civil liberties ; proclamation of a state of emergency ; rule by decree ; repression of political opponents without abiding by rule of law procedures ; these include one-party state , and cult of personality . The term `` dictator '' is comparable to but not synonymous with the ancient concept of a tyrant ; initially `` tyrant '' , like `` dictator '' , did not carry negative connotations . A wide variety of leaders coming to power in a number of different kinds of regimes , such as military juntas , one-party states and civilian governments under personal rule , have been described as dictators . They may hold left or right-wing views , or may be apolitical .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "31242caa5ab97006853fd41adc7871b8", "text": "Twelfth Doctor The Twelfth Doctor is an incarnation of the Doctor , the protagonist of the BBC science fiction television programme Doctor Who . He is portrayed by Scottish actor Peter Capaldi . Within the series ' narrative , the Doctor is a time travelling , humanoid alien from a race known as the Time Lords . When the Doctor is critically injured , he can regenerate his body , and in doing so gain a new physical appearance , and with it a distinct new personality ; this plot mechanism has allowed the Doctor to be portrayed by a series of actors over the decades since the programme 's inception in 1963 . Capaldi 's portrayal of the Doctor is a spiky , brusque , contemplative , and pragmatic character who conceals his emotions in the course of making tough and sometimes ruthless decisions . Capaldi made his first , very brief appearance as the Doctor in the show 's fiftieth anniversary special `` The Day of the Doctor '' ( 2013 ) , as one of the thirteen incarnations of the Doctor who are summoned to save Gallifrey from destruction . Capaldi 's first full appearance as the Doctor was at the end of the 2013 Christmas special `` The Time of the Doctor '' . He is accompanied in the eighth and ninth series by companion Clara Oswald ( Jenna Coleman ) . He also appeared in `` For Tonight We Might Die '' , the first episode of the 2016 spin-off series Class . In the tenth series of Doctor Who , he is accompanied by two new companions : Nardole ( Matt Lucas ) and Bill Potts ( Pearl Mackie ) . On 30 January 2017 , Capaldi announced he would be leaving the programme , with the 2017 Christmas episode being his last .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "ee3da5ad7b748ca6a5c8e73e3df331e0", "text": "The Crooked World The Crooked World is a BBC Books original novel written by Steve Lyons and based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who . It features the Eighth Doctor , Fitz and Anji .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0fd353359f873fd2f4e64357b9a1cce8", "text": "Doctor Who (series 9) The ninth series of the British science fiction television programme Doctor Who premiered on 19 September 2015 with `` The Magician 's Apprentice '' and concluded on 5 December 2015 with `` Hell Bent '' . The series was led by head writer and executive producer Steven Moffat , alongside executive producer Brian Minchin . Nikki Wilson , Peter Bennett , and Derek Ritchie served as producers . The series is the ninth to air following the programme 's revival in 2005 , and is the thirty-fifth season overall . This is the second series starring Peter Capaldi as the Twelfth Doctor , an alien Time Lord who travels through time and space in his TARDIS , which is disguised as a British police box . It also stars Jenna Coleman as the Doctor 's companion , Clara Oswald , for her third and final series in the role . Also playing a major recurring role in the series is Maisie Williams as Ashildr , a Viking girl made immortal by the Doctor , which leads to major events resulting of her encounters with the Doctor . The series ' main story arc revolves around the mystery of a being called the Hybrid , the combination of two great warrior races . The Hybrid is alluded to with the appearance of many other hybrids such as Osgood and Ashildr , with both being dramatically revealed as being hybrids . The Doctor 's investigation into this being ultimately leads him back to his home planet of Gallifrey , which returns fully in the series . Steven Moffat wrote four episodes solo and co-wrote an additional two . The other writers who worked on this series included Toby Whithouse , Jamie Mathieson , Catherine Tregenna , Peter Harness , Mark Gatiss , and Sarah Dollard . Directors of the series included ones who had previously worked with Moffat on the show , and brand new ones . Filming began on 5 January 2015 . The ninth series received high acclaim from critics , with many labelling it as the show 's strongest season to date . Aspects of the series that were met with the most praise included the writing , directing , and structure of the series , as well as the performances of Peter Capaldi , Jenna Coleman and Maisie Williams .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d52afbddcaf3ee7dfb09a53d9f5e28f", "text": "Twelfth Night (1966 film) Twelfth Night is a 1966 Australian TV version of the play by William Shakespeare . It starred Roger Climpson and Helen Morse and was directed by Ken Hannam . It screened as part of Wednesday Theatre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f8dd0566ce2e7d25084f20100ed12ef8", "text": "Alien Arena `` Alien Arena '' is a BBC Books adventure book written by Richard Dungworth and is based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who . It features the Tenth Doctor and Martha . This is part of the Decide Your Destiny series which makes you choose what happens in the books .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0708f2a47cb698fda346226dcacb7bf5", "text": "Chris Cwej Christopher Rodonanté Cwej , usually just known as Chris Cwej , is a fictional character from the Virgin New Adventures range of spin-offs based on the BBC science fiction television series Doctor Who . His surname should technically be pronounced `` Shvay '' , but he pronounces it `` Kwedge '' rather than keep correcting people . His first appearance was in the novel Original Sin by Andy Lane , with his adjudicator partner Roz Forrester . Adjudicators are the police force of 30th century Earth , which was at that time divided into the Overcity and the Undercity . Chris was born in 2954 to a family who lived in the lower levels of the Overcity . Chris 's father , Volsted Kornbluth Cwej , was also an adjudicator . Chris 's father was fairly old when Chris was born , having retired from the Adjudicators the previous year , 2953 , after 48 years of service , and he is well over 70 years old when the young Chris meets the Doctor . Chris 's grandfather died when Chris was only five , and Chris cried when he saw his grandfather being put into a coffin . A more distant ancestor , possibly a great grandfather was Nathaniel Cwej . Even further back , there was a Cwej involved with the founding of the Adjudicators , and the family have had a long association with the Adjudicators ever since . Chris 's accent sounds American , although his home would once have been considered a part of England , and his surname may have a Germanic/Saxon derivation . Chris is tall , blonde and muscular , and when he first met the Seventh Doctor and Bernice , he had had a `` body bepple '' ( bodily alteration ) which made him look like a teddy bear . He and Roz were investigating a murder case in Undercity in the year 2975 when they encountered the Doctor and Bernice . They helped the Doctor defeat his old enemy Tobias Vaughn , who had been manipulating human advancement since the 20th century . Having realise the extent of corruption in the Earth Empire and the Adjudicators , Chris and Roz chose to leave in the TARDIS . Chris and Roz travelled with the Doctor for many adventures . In this eventful period , Chris fathered two daughters : Jasmine Surprise Cwej-Hutchings with Ishtar Hutchings , and iKrissi with Dep of the People . After Roz 's death in battle , Chris continued to travel with the Doctor for a short time , but the event had a profound effect on him . During the events of Eternity Weeps , the Doctor 's former companion Liz Shaw contracted a deadly virus and begged Chris to kill her , however he was unable to do it . This and the subsequent death of millions of people from the virus caused Chris to question himself and first consider quitting the TARDIS . It took the apparent death of the Doctor in Japan to make him put aside his doubts and help protect the people of the local village from the local warlord , who wanted an alien device in their possession . The Doctor and Chris then travelled to the Doctor 's home planet of Gallifrey , where the Doctor faced members of his House and many dark secrets were revealed . After this , Chris decided to travel alone using a time ring given to him by Romana . The book which depicts Chris 's sexual encounter with a gay man , Damaged Goods , was written by future executive producer of the series Russell T Davies , whose works often include gay themes . Much like Davies ' later introduction to the series proper , Jack Harkness , Cwej opines that sexuality is not an issue where he comes from .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5ce87e22f0a792f3ddfa5bfa0ec4bf4c", "text": "Waking the Dead (TV series) Waking the Dead is a British television police procedural crime drama series produced by the BBC featuring a fictional London-based Cold Case unit composed of CID police officers , a psychological profiler and a forensic scientist . A pilot episode aired in September 2000 , and there were a total of nine series . Each story is split into two hour-long episodes , shown on consecutive nights on BBC One . A third series episode won an International Emmy Award in 2004 . The programme was also shown on BBC America in the United States , though these screenings are edited to allow for advertising breaks , as well as UKTV in Australia and New Zealand and ABC1 in Australia . The show aired its final episode on 11 April 2011 . A spin-off from the series , titled The Body Farm , revolving around forensic scientist Eve Lockhart ( Tara Fitzgerald ) , was announced by the BBC in January 2011 and ran for just one series .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "78538512a29e0f399f2b1cf04625f491", "text": "Doctor Who Magazine Doctor Who Magazine ( abbreviated as DWM ) is a magazine devoted to the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who . Its current editor is Tom Spilsbury , who has been with the magazine since 2003 . It is currently recognised by Guinness World Records as the longest running TV tie-in magazine .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8b0de29283032b238cc0deb6e2c25c51", "text": "The Trial of a Time Lord The Trial of a Time Lord is a 14-part science fiction serial in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who . The serial , produced as the show 's twenty-third season , aired in weekly episodes from 6 September to 6 December 1986 . The only Doctor Who presentation of its kind , it contains four adventures : The Mysterious Planet , Mindwarp , Terror of the Vervoids , and The Ultimate Foe -- Colin Baker 's final story . The idea for the serial stemmed from several production changes to Doctor Who , such as reduced screen time for the season and a request from BBC controller Michael Grade that the series contain less violence and more humour . Several problems occurred during production , including the death of scriptwriter Robert Holmes , and the resignation of script editor Eric Saward . This was the last serial to star Colin Baker because he was dismissed from the role when it ended .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5a39bc6b265c8100112524f8b0eb0f74", "text": "The Thirteenth Tale (film) The Thirteenth Tale is a British drama television film that first broadcast on BBC Two on 30 December 2013 . It is an adaptation of Diane Setterfield 's gothic novel The Thirteenth Tale .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "419c09195125694796dba76660755482", "text": "The Long Game `` The Long Game '' is the seventh episode of the first series of the British science fiction television programme Doctor Who that was first broadcast on 7 May 2005 on BBC One . It was written by executive producer Russell T Davies and directed by Brian Grant . In the episode , alien time traveller the Doctor ( Christopher Eccleston ) and his companion Rose Tyler ( Billie Piper ) , having been joined by near-future genius Adam Mitchell ( Bruno Langley ) , land on Satellite 5 in the far future . Satellite 5 is a space station that broadcasts news across the entire human empire . However , the Doctor notices that the station is suspicious : there are no aliens , and those who are promoted to Floor 500 seem to disappear . The Doctor and Rose discover that the Editor ( Simon Pegg ) and an alien are controlling the rest of humanity by way of the press . Meanwhile , Adam makes a mistake that forces the Doctor and Rose to take him home . The concept of `` The Long Game '' was originally submitted by Davies to the Doctor Who script office in the 1980s . Davies had also been interested in doing a storyline about a failed companion . In addition , critics have pointed out that the story is a satire on the media . Production for the episode took place in November and December 2004 , with some location filming in Coryton , Cardiff . `` The Long Game '' was watched by 8.01 million viewers in the UK and received generally mixed reviews from critics .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "640a5e6880eccc62540d732ff8f0e32d", "text": "Twelfth Night (1988 film) Twelfth Night , or , What You Will is a videotaped 1988 television adaptation of Kenneth Branagh 's stage production for the Renaissance Theatre Company of William Shakespeare 's Twelfth Night first broadcast in the UK by ITV on 30 December 1988 . Made by Thames Television , in collaboration with Renaissance , it stars Frances Barber as Viola and Richard Briers as Malvolio . The recording was shot on a single set with the appearance of a wintry garden . The costumes are Victorian , and the time of year is Christmas . Michael Brooke , in his piece for the BFI 's screenonline website , particularly commends Briers performance . His `` Malvolio is a delight , segueing seamlessly from self-righteous pomposity at inappropriate revelry to truly grotesque self-delusion as he proffers love to his mistress while clad in yellow stockings '' .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6d35a8ffbcd839b9d5b5cc8068297830", "text": "Doctor Who: The Mazes of Time Doctor Who : The Mazes of Time is a video game for the Apple iOS platform based on the BBC TV series Doctor Who . It is the first official Doctor Who game to be released through the App Store and was released on the Android platform in August 2011 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "997d22cb88a384d4d2f1ba05070e3112", "text": "Doctors (series 1) Series one of the long-running BBC television medical soap opera Doctors '' first aired on 26 March 2000 . The first series ran for 41 episodes . This series concluded on 19 May 2000 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "7dac8eb0cd706ef69f8ffd097c7944ed", "text": "History of UNIT UNIT ( UNified Intelligence Taskforce , formerly United Nations Intelligence Taskforce ) is a fictional military organisation from the British science fiction television series Doctor Who . Operating under the auspices of the United Nations , its purpose is to investigate and combat paranormal and extraterrestrial threats to the Earth . As is common in long-running series whose back-stories are not mapped out in advance , and which are also the product of many different writers over the course of years , the fictional history of UNIT has seen retroactive changes which have caused some continuity problems .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8023bccb363eb78374ef4aface132137", "text": "Valhalla (audio drama) Valhalla is a Big Finish Productions audio drama based on the long-running British science fiction television series '' Doctor Who .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "86261b8a65cc50f2f8f37aae340f3605", "text": "The Twelfth Man The Twelfth Man ( also known as The 12th Man ) is the name for a series of comedy productions by Australian satirist Billy Birmingham . Birmingham , a skilled impersonator , is generally known for parodying Australian sports commentators ' voices . As befits the name ( a reference to the non-playing reserve in an eleven-player cricket side ) , Birmingham particularly focuses on cricket commentators such as Richie Benaud , Bill Lawry and Tony Greig . This is also because many of Australia 's cricket commentators have distinctive and easily identifiable voices and accents . The parodies , released periodically on CD , are designed as a comical look `` behind the scenes '' of the Nine Network 's cricket commentary . Birmingham traditionally plays all the roles ( with the exception of Ken Sutcliffe , who played himself ; and some minor female characters , such as Richie Benaud 's secretary ) . Benaud himself sent a critique of each CD to Birmingham and was known to have a mixed opinion of the recordings , due predominantly to Birmingham 's use of profanity . All albums were produced and engineered by David Frogatt . The 12th Man 's most popular song is `` Marvellous ! '' featuring all the main three commentators . It was first recorded as a single in 1991 , with backing vocals by Jimmy Barnes , John Farnham , Diesel and Glenn Shorrock among others . An updated version , with some of the commentators changed , was featured on Still the 12th Man . He has since released an updated version of the song entitled `` Marvellous 2006 '' on his latest album Boned ! . It can be heard at the 12th Man 's MySpace . In an article in the Sydney Morning Herald on 22 November 2009 , Birmingham announced that Boned ! would be his last studio album as The Twelfth Man .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "0f63e87f9a7339b3134b10ea741f8e3f", "text": "Draconian (Doctor Who) The Draconians are an extraterrestrial race . They were featured in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who . Their only television appearance to date was in the 1973 serial Frontier in Space . Unlike many `` monster '' races in Doctor Who , the Draconians were articulate and portrayed as having a sophisticated and advanced culture like feudal Japan . In later interviews , Jon Pertwee cited the Draconians as his favourite of all the monsters he had encountered during his time as the Doctor . The Draconian Empire was a vast spacefaring feudal civilisation of reptilian humanoids , centered on the planet Draconia , with a society stratifed along class and gender lines ( for example , females were not permitted to speak in the presence of the Emperor ) that was bound by a strong code of honour . The Draconian Empire dated back to at least the 21st century , when a space plague that afflicted their world was dealt with by the Doctor . For his services , the 15th Emperor made the Doctor a noble of Draconia . The Earth Empire 's first contact with the Draconian Empire was in the year 2520 . The ship sent by the Draconians for the peace mission was a battlecruiser , as befitted a noble of Draconia , although ( as agreed ) its missile banks were empty and it was otherwise unarmed . However , both Draconian and Earth ships were caught in a neutron storm , damaging the Earth ship and destroying the Draconian ship 's communications systems . As a result , the Draconian ship was unable to respond to the Earth ship 's signals . The commander of the Earth ship saw what he perceived to be a battlecruiser bearing down on his crippled vessel and gave the order to attack , destroying the battlecruiser and triggering off a brief but bloody war in which millions of lives were lost . An uneasy peace was negotiated in the end , leading to two decades of cold war and the carving out of a frontier between the two empires . In 2540 , several incidents involving attacks on cargo freighters along their respective borders nearly led to the war turning hot once more , with both sides accusing the other of piracy and violating the frontier . These attacks turned out to be the work of Ogron mercenaries under the orders of the renegade Time Lord known as the Master , who was using a sonic hypnosis device to make the Earth crews see the Ogrons as Draconians and vice versa . The Master had allied himself with the Daleks , who were launching another bid for galactic conquest and hoped to pick up the pieces after a new Earth-Draconia War . The plot was revealed by the Third Doctor , and instead of going to war against each other , the two empires united against the Daleks .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "f97abd1475e07320fe564b8854e844ab", "text": "The Rescue (Doctor Who) The Rescue is the third serial of the second season of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who , which was first broadcast in two weekly parts on 2 January and 9 January 1965 on BBC1 . It was written by outgoing story editor David Whitaker and directed by Christopher Barry . The Rescue was produced in a six-episode block with The Romans and was the first story produced in Doctor Who second production block . Rehearsals and recording took place from 30 November to 11 December 1964 , entirely in-studio . The two episodes were watched by 12 and 13 million viewers in the UK respectively and have received generally positive reviews from critics , who praise the character-based storytelling , although plot holes were noted . Both episodes of The Rescue have been retained in the BBC archives , and the story has been novelised and released on VHS and DVD . The serial is notable as the first appearance of Maureen O'Brien as companion Vicki .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8ead303031e27b1a9614d1a92d47f366", "text": "List of non-televised Seventh Doctor stories In addition to the televised episodes of Doctor Who starring Sylvester McCoy , the Seventh Doctor has appeared in a number of spin-off media .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "3ab99de8d4f93465670307994db36804", "text": "Sixth Doctor comic stories The Sixth Doctor comic stories is a range of off-screen adventures featuring the sixth incarnation of the Doctor , the protagonist of the hit sci-fi series Doctor Who . Continuing the themes of the televised series , every story sees the Doctor travelling to a new destination and fighting evil and righting wrongs .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "165faad2a4e460f425e02c3a7c1c01d9", "text": "Colin Farrell Colin James Farrell ( born 31 May 1976 ) is an Irish actor . Farrell appeared in the BBC drama Ballykissangel in 1998 , made his film debut in the Tim Roth-directed drama The War Zone in 1999 , and was discovered by Hollywood when Joel Schumacher cast him in the lead role in the war drama Tigerland in 2000 . He then starred in Schumacher 's psychological thriller Phone Booth ( 2002 ) where he plays a hostage in a New York city phone booth and the American thrillers S.W.A.T. ( 2003 ) and The Recruit ( 2003 ) , establishing his international box-office appeal . During that time , he also appeared in Steven Spielberg 's science fiction thriller Minority Report ( 2002 ) and as the villain Bullseye in the superhero film Daredevil ( 2003 ) . After starring in the independent films Intermission ( 2003 ) and A Home at the End of the World ( 2004 ) , Farrell headed Oliver Stone 's biopic Alexander ( 2004 ) and Terrence Malick 's The New World ( 2005 ) . Roles in Michael Mann 's Miami Vice ( 2006 ) , the adaptation of John Fante 's Ask the Dust ( 2006 ) , and Woody Allen 's Cassandra 's Dream ( 2007 ) followed , underscoring Farrell 's popularity among Hollywood writers and directors ; however , it was his role in Martin McDonagh 's In Bruges ( 2008 ) that earned him a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Musical or Comedy . Farrell starred in the black comedy film Horrible Bosses ( 2011 ) , for which he received critical praise , along with the comedy-horror film Fright Night ( 2011 ) and the sci-fi action film Total Recall ( 2012 ) , both remakes , and McDonagh 's second feature , the black comedy crime film Seven Psychopaths ( 2012 ) . He also starred in the Niels Arden Oplev action film Dead Man Down ( 2013 ) , and as Travers Goff in the period drama Saving Mr. Banks ( 2013 ) . In 2014 , Farrell starred as Peter Lake in the supernatural fable Winter 's Tale , an adaptation of the novel of the same name by Mark Helprin . In 2015 , he starred as Detective Ray Velcoro in the second season of HBO 's True Detective , and also starred in the film The Lobster , for which he was nominated for his second Golden Globe Award for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Musical or Comedy . In 2016 , he portrayed Percival Graves in the Harry Potter spin-off film Fantastic Beasts and Where To Find Them .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "efb9801e79d0ed9a170e2c72352b32a9", "text": "Gemini (astrology) Gemini ( pronunciation : -LSB- ˈdʒɛmɪnaɪ -RSB- or -LSB- ˈdʒɛmɪniː -RSB- or ) is the third astrological sign in the zodiac , originating from the constellation of Gemini . Under the tropical zodiac , the sun transits this sign between May 21 and June 21 . Gemini is represented by The Twins Castor and Pollux . The symbol of the twins is based on the Dioscuri , two mortals that were granted shared godhood after death .", "title": "" } ]

[ { "docid": "0d9060ee5af04b5144e6381421a280c9", "text": "Gemini Planet Imager The Gemini Planet Imager ( GPI ) is a high contrast imaging instrument that was built for the Gemini South Telescope in Chile . The instrument achieves high contrast at small angular separations , allowing for the direct imaging and integral field spectroscopy of extrasolar planets around nearby stars . The collaboration involved in planning and building the Gemini Planet imager includes the American Museum of Natural History ( AMNH ) , Dunlap Institute , Gemini Observatory , Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics ( HIA ) , Jet Propulsion Laboratory , Lawrence Livermore National Lab ( LLNL ) , Lowell Observatory , SETI Institute , The Space Telescope Science Institute ( STSCI ) , the University of Montreal , University of California , Berkeley , University of California , Los Angeles ( UCLA ) , University of California , Santa Cruz ( UCSC ) , University of Georgia .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "33913442fba6c4ba6bdd99f3e0840b31", "text": "Holden Gemini The Holden Gemini is a compact car which was produced by Holden and sold in Australasia from 1975 to 1986 . It was based on the Japanese Isuzu Gemini , one of the many models based on the GM T-car platform .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4f612266ce82bfd2093cb1a64ca660f4", "text": "Celestial globe Celestial globes show the apparent positions of the stars in the sky . They omit the Sun , Moon and planets because the positions of these bodies vary relative to those of the stars , but the ecliptic , along which the Sun moves , is indicated . There is an issue regarding the `` handedness '' of celestial globes . If the globe is constructed so that the stars are in the positions they actually occupy on the imaginary celestial sphere , then the star field will appear back-to-front on the surface of the globe ( all the constellations will appear as their mirror images ) . This is because the view from Earth , positioned at the centre of the celestial sphere , is of the inside of the celestial sphere , whereas the celestial globe is viewed from the outside . For this reason , celestial globes are often produced in mirror image , so that at least the constellations appear the `` right way round '' . Some modern celestial globes address this problem by making the surface of the globe transparent . The stars can then be placed in their proper positions and viewed through the globe , so that the view is of the inside of the celestial sphere . However , the proper position from which to view the sphere would be from its centre , but the viewer of a transparent globe must be outside it , far from its centre . Viewing the inside of the sphere from the outside , through its transparent surface , produces serious distortions . Opaque celestial globes that are made with the constellations correctly placed , so they appear as mirror images when directly viewed from outside the globe , are often viewed in a mirror , so the constellations have their familiar appearances . Written material on the globe , names of constellations etc. , is printed in reverse , so it can easily be read in the mirror . Category : Navigational equipment Category : Globes Category : Spheres", "title": "" }, { "docid": "cb8b48a83f27216f93fde93043b4f5d2", "text": "Colin Hay Colin James Hay ( born 29 June 1953 ) is a Scottish-born Australian musician and actor who performed as lead vocalist of the band Men at Work , and later as a solo artist . Hay 's music has been frequently used by actor and director Zach Braff in his work , subsequently leading to a career rebirth in the mid-2000s .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "6a86db93dcd8479c2ae9e75f6dbce6f7", "text": "Colin Clark Colin Clark may refer to : Colin Clark ( economist ) ( 1905 -- 1989 ) , British and Australian economist and statistician Colin Clark ( soccer ) ( born 1984 ) , American soccer player Colin Clark ( filmmaker ) ( 1932 -- 2002 ) , British writer and filmmaker Colin Clark of the Clark baronets Colin Clark ( golfer ) in NCAA Division III Men 's Golf Championships `` Colin Clark '' , the name under which Kryptonian orphan Kal-El ( a.k.a. Superman ) is raised in the alternate universe of Superman : True Brit Colin W. Clark , Canadian mathematician and behavioural ecologist", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d9a2fe9bb3cdade5ad080f4cfd931e48", "text": "Divine Gemini Divine Gemini is an album of duets by vibraphonist Walt Dickerson and bassist Richard Davis recorded in 1977 for the SteepleChase label .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "5f78c0cee0d55b5917b12ea9351c7f3d", "text": "1st Gemini Awards The 1st Gemini Awards were held in Toronto on 4 December 1986 to honour achievements in Canadian television . Gémeaux Award , the French version of the Gemini Awards were held for the first time this year as well . The 1985 television miniseries Anne of Green Gables was the most prominent winner . English-language television coverage of the ceremonies was originally scheduled for broadcast on CBC Television , but labour disruptions at that network forced the telecast to move to a syndicated arrangement of private television stations including Toronto 's Citytv . Unused cable channels in Montreal carried the broadcast in that city . The inaugural Gemini Awards were hosted by Second City Television performers Eugene Levy , Andrea Martin and Dave Thomas from the Metro Toronto Convention Centre .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "799d9832adf57b227ab21dd328c99ccb", "text": "Rocky Sullivan's Rocky Sullivan 's is a New York City Irish style pub opened in 1996 by the musician Chris Byrne ( Seanchai and the Unity Squad , Black 47 and Paddy-A-Go-Go ) and the journalist Patrick Farrelly ( HBO 's Left of the Dial , Irish Voice , Michael Moore 's TV Nation ) . The bar is named after James Cagney 's character in the 1938 movie Angels With Dirty Faces co-starring Humphrey Bogart . It is located in Red Hook , Brooklyn , on the corner of Dwight and Van Dyke Streets , from its original location at East 29th Street and Lexington Avenue in Manhattan . Entertainment includes a pub quiz on Thursdays , Irish language classes on Tuesdays and live music on Mondays , Tuesdays , Wednesdays and Saturdays . Authors ' readings , held on the last Wednesday of the month and on other occasions , have drawn enthusiastic crowds and top flight writers , including Roddy Doyle , Frank McCourt , Edna O'Brien , Pete Hamill , Rosemary Breslin , Jimmy Breslin , Mike Lupica and Brendan O'Carroll . Starting in 2011 , Rocky Sullivan 's hosts a yearly 4 on 4 street hockey game in front of the bar on a Saturday in March , which is open to the public . Michael Reynolds has won the trophy for best panties and high heels every year .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "90c774efd7d0a640afa16507a02f4870", "text": "Flynn (film) Flynn is an Australian film about the early life of Errol Flynn , focusing on his time in New Guinea starring Guy Pearce in the title role .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "291527c3a5f1c9dbd467d67c957d0602", "text": "Theatre of Australia Theatre of Australia refers to the history of the performing arts in Australia , or produced by Australians . There are theatrical and dramatic aspects to a number of Indigenous Australian ceremonies such as the corroboree . During its colonial period , Australian theatrical arts were generally linked to the broader traditions of English literature and to British and Irish theatre . Australian literature and theatrical artists ( including Aboriginal as well as Anglo-Celtic and multicultural migrant Australians ) have over the last two centuries introduced the culture of Australia and the character of a new continent to the world stage . Individuals who have contributed to theatre in Australia and internationally include Sir Robert Helpmann , Dame Joan Sutherland , Barry Humphries , David Williamson , Cate Blanchett , Geoffrey Rush , Judy Davis , Jim Sharman , Tim Minchin and Baz Luhrmann . Notable theatrical institutions include the Sydney Opera House , and the National Institute of Dramatic Art in Sydney .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "4ca51e89424faa1be79fff8167f9bd2f", "text": "Cyril Farrell Cyril Farrell ( born 1950 ) is an Irish former hurling manager , selector , trainer and coach . He was the manager of the Galway senior team on three separate occasions , where he became the county 's longest-serving manager and most successful in terms of major titles won . Farrell is regarded as one of the greatest managers in the history of the modern game . After being involved in team management and coaching in all grades at club level with Tommy Larkin 's , as well as with the Galway minor and under-21 teams , Farrell was appointed coach of the Galway senior team for the first time in 1979 . As manager at various times over much of the following twenty years , he led Galway through a period of unprecedented national dominance , winning seven major honours . These include three All-Ireland Championships , including back-to-back titles in 1987 and 1988 , two Connacht Championships and two National Hurling Leagues . Farrell regularly appears as a hurling pundit on RTÉ 's The Sunday Game .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "169aa5571976b4b6a58223bfd920663e", "text": "Peggy Farrell Peggy Farrell ( 15 November 1920 -- 17 January 2003 ) was an Irish businesswoman who came to prominence through the Irish Countrywomen 's Association and had a brief career as a Fianna Fáil politician in Ireland . She was a senator from 1969 to 1973 . Farrell was born 1920 in Bantry , County Cork , and educated at the Convent of Mercy in Bantry , at a rural school in Clifden , and then at the Munster Institute in Cork . She married Thomas P. Farrell , and had two daughters and two sons . The couple ran a hatchery with her husband before going into the clothing business . Before her marriage , Farrell was a poultry inspector in the Munster Institute , but had to resign the job because the Department of Agriculture banned the employment of married women . She later defended the policy , telling The Irish Times in 1981 that `` I think it is unjust and nearly unchristian that in some families you have two salaries coming in and in others none at all . '' She joined the Irish Countrywomen 's Association and campaigned for women in rural Ireland to have the standard of living as those in the cities . In recognition of her work , she was nominated by the Taoiseach , Jack Lynch to the 12th Seanad in 1969 ( following her uncle Ted O'Sullivan , who had been a Teachta Dála ( TD ) and then a senator ) . She then resigned her position was president of the ICA , but withdrew the resignation after it had been accepted . After advice from lawyers , the ICA executive decided that as a result of her actions , she was ineligible for the position of vice-president . In 1970 she wrote a highly charged letter to an ICA member who criticised the stance she had taken in voting against an amendment allowing married women to become officers of the new Health Boards . She told The Irish Times in 1981 that `` this still stings '' . In the early 1970s , Farrell started a clothing factory called Chixwear in Athlone , County Roscommon , to provide an alternative to emigration for young women in the area . She took over another factory in 1976 , and in all employed 96 women . When the women journalists on The Irish Times drew up an all-woman `` fantasy cabinet '' on 14 February 1973 , Farrell was one of those included . Peggy Farrell died on 17 January 2003 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "dc1d22eac1a6dd3687a5bfdd23eb3d9e", "text": "Nicholas Burgess Farrell Nicholas Burgess Farrell ( born 2 October 1958 ) is an English journalist and the author of Mussolini : A New Life .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "a243848f93b1d261c86529187958d789", "text": "Eibhlis Farrell Eibhlis Farrell ( born 27 July 1953 ) is an Irish composer .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "c992f568ffc7e8b226d4a532245ad799", "text": "Colin Graham Colin Graham OBE ( 22 September 1931 , Hove , England -- 6 April 2007 , St. Louis , Missouri ) was a stage director of opera , theatre , and television . Graham was educated at Northaw School ( Hertfordshire ) , Stowe School and RADA . Early in his career , he began a long association with Benjamin Britten , for whom he directed all but one of the composer 's stage works , including all of the world premieres after 1954 . He became associated with the English Opera Group in 1953 . In the 1950s , he also worked for the Royal Opera House , Covent Garden in London and later at Glyndebourne and at the English National Opera in the 1970s . In the late 1950s and early 1960s , Graham was associated with several recordings of Gilbert and Sullivan operas conducted by Sir Malcolm Sargent with the Glyndebourne Festival Chorus and principals including George Baker . He enhanced these recordings with movement for the performers that makes the recordings sound more like a live staged performance . Graham made his American debut as a stage director at Santa Fe Opera in 1974 with his staging of Britten 's Owen Wingrave . Graham later became Director of Productions for Opera Theatre of Saint Louis ( OTSL ) in 1978 , until 1985 , when he became OTSL 's Artistic Director . He held this position until his death . Graham directed the world premieres of John Corigliano 's opera , The Ghosts of Versailles , for the Metropolitan Opera ; The Dangerous Liaisons and André Previn 's A Streetcar Named Desire for San Francisco Opera ; The Song of Majnun for Lyric Opera of Chicago ; and a series of three operas by Miki Minoru . In addition , he directed productions for the Santa Fe Opera , notably Bright Sheng 's Madame Mao in 2003 , continuing his association with general director Richard Gaddes , which had begun during the latter 's tenure at OTSL . Collectively , he directed 55 world premieres of operas . Graham also wrote libretti for several operas , including : Benjamin Britten , The Golden Vanity Richard Rodney Bennett , Penny for a Song Stephen Paulus , The Postman Always Rings Twice , 1982 Minoru Miki , Joruri Minoru Miki , The Tale of Genji , 1999 Bright Sheng , Madame Mao , 2003 David Carlson , Anna Karenina , 2007 In the US , Graham studied theology and became a minister in 1987 , and ultimately took US citizenship . He received the Order of the British Empire in 2002 . At the time of his death , Graham was at work on the premiere production of Anna Karenina for Florida Grand Opera and OTSL . He left no survivors .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "45245434ee238346835029d1c2e1e6bd", "text": "Mark Farrell (comedian) Mark Farrell ( born 1966 ) is a Canadian comedian and writer , who honed his talent in the Yuk Yuk 's comedy club in Halifax , Nova Scotia before moving to Toronto in 1989 . In 1992 , Farrell helped lead an exodus from the Yuk Yuk 's chain , along with other prominent comics such as Brent Butt . After appearing in CBC 's Comics ! as well as CTV 's Comedy Now , as well as NBC 's Friday Night Videos , he was cast in two Ken Finkleman series , Married Life and the first season of The Newsroom . Eventually his writing skills were noted , and as he became a writer for award-winning This Hour Has 22 Minutes , eventually moving all the way up to Executive Producer , until he left the show in 2010 . His work on 22 Minutes led to many other writing gigs , including another job as Supervising Producer for the first season of Corner Gas , a show for which he continued to write and helped develop . He is currently an Executive Producer and writer for the show Seed , a show he co-developed with the show 's creator , Joseph Raso .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "2e31142d57ed3663f730fa0b51dc32e4", "text": "Kappa Geminorum Kappa Geminorum ( κ Gem , κ Geminorum ) is a binary star system in the northern zodiac constellation of Gemini . It is visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 3.568 . Based upon an annual parallax shift of 23.07 mas , the system is located about 141 light years distant from the Sun . In Chinese astronomy , Kappa Geminorum is called 積薪 , Pinyin : Jīxīn , meaning Pile of Firewood , because this star is marking itself and stand alone in Pile of Firewood asterism , Well mansion ( see : Chinese constellation ) . 積薪 ( Jīxīn ) westernized into Tseih Tsing , but the name Tseih Tsing was designated for χ Gem and μ Cnc by R.H. Allen , with the meaning is `` piled-up fuel '' In Japanese , 隆博星 ( Takahiro-boshi ) , meaning `` Esteemed Nobilty Star , '' refers to the Japanese description of κ Geminorum . This is a probable astrometric binary system with the components having an angular separation of 7.2 arcseconds along a position angle of 241 ° , as of 2014 . The primary is an evolved G-type giant star with a stellar classification of G9 III . Since 1943 , the spectrum of this star has served as one of the stable anchor points by which other stars are classified . It has double the mass of the Sun , but has expanded to 11 times the solar radius . The star radiates around 68 times the Sun 's luminosity from its outer atmosphere at an effective temperature of 4,932 K . It shows a leisurely spin with a projected rotational velocity of 3.3 km/s , and is around two billion years old . The secondary component is a magnitude 8.2 star .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "63536c3018a031415be15848fca0198e", "text": "Shea Farrell Edward Leo `` Shea '' Farrell III is an American actor and producer best known for playing Mark Danning in Aaron Spelling 's series , Hotel . Shea Farrell was born October 21 , 1957 in Cornwall , New York , to Edward Leo , Jr. and Mary Rose ( née Drummey ) Farrell . He attended Portsmouth Abbey School in Portsmouth , Rhode Island . He originally planned to be a professional football player . Shea switched from acting to production work in 1997 . He worked on The Practice , Ally McBeal , Boston Public and Boston Legal , all produced by David E. Kelley . He now works in films and on television as an assistant director and unit production manager . He has been a Unit Production Manager Sony Entertainment 's New Media Division/Crackle . com since 2008 .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "d3352c91772836f51de4cf3f02487e44", "text": "Colin Firth Colin Andrew Firth , ( born 10 September 1960 ) is an English actor . His films have grossed more than $ 3 billion from 42 releases worldwide . Firth has received an Academy Award , a Golden Globe Award , two BAFTA Awards , and three Screen Actors Guild Awards , as well as the Volpi Cup . Firth 's most notable and acclaimed role to date has been his 2010 portrayal of King George VI in The King 's Speech , a performance that earned him an Oscar and multiple worldwide best actor awards . Identified in the late 1980s with the `` Brit Pack '' of rising , young British actors , it was not until Firth 's portrayal of Mr. Darcy in the 1995 television adaptation of Jane Austen 's Pride and Prejudice that he received more widespread attention . This led to roles in films such as The English Patient , Bridget Jones 's Diary ( for which Firth was nominated for a BAFTA ) , Shakespeare in Love , and Love Actually . In 2009 , Firth received widespread critical acclaim for his leading role in A Single Man , for which Firth gained his first Academy Award nomination , and won a BAFTA Award . Firth starred in the action spy movie Kingsman : The Secret Service in 2014 , which was a commercial success and received generally positive reviews . In 2011 , Firth received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame , and was also selected as one of the Time 100 . He was awarded an honorary degree from the University of Winchester in 2007 , and was made a Freeman of the City of London in 2012 . He has campaigned for the rights of indigenous tribal peoples , and is a member of Survival International . Firth has also campaigned on issues of asylum seekers , refugees ' rights , and the environment . He commissioned and is credited as a co-author on a scientific paper on a study into the differences in brain structure between people of differing political orientations .", "title": "" }, { "docid": "8634549564210a337dc746b72b4950c4", "text": "George M. Cohan Tonight! For the 1968 Broadway musical , see George M ! George M. Cohan Tonight ! is a 2006 musical , conceived , written and arranged by Chip Deffaa , with music and lyrics by George M. Cohan , and additional material by Chip Deffaa . It is a one-man show depicting the life and music of Cohan utilizing his songs , dance routines , memoirs , and the stories of those who knew him . Able to be performed in dozen of venues , George M. Cohan Tonight ! opened Off-Broadway in 2006 at the Irish Repertory Theatre in New York City . The original cast album is available from Sh-K-Boom Records/Ghostlight Records . The New York Times hailed the show as `` brash , cocky , and endlessly euphoric '' ( The New York Times , March 11 , 2006 ) . The show originally starred Jon Peterson , was directed by Chip Deffaa , with musical direction by Sterling Price-McKinney . The show earned star Jon Peterson a Drama Desk nomination , and author/director Chip Deffaa an IRNE Award ( Independent Reviewers of New England ) . It is one of six different musicals about Cohan , created for different sized casts and audiences , created by Deffaa .", "title": "" } ]